RESEARCH REPORT 1961-R22 Estimates of School Statistics, 1961-62 RESEARCH DIVISION * NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION NOTE: This copy of Research Report 1961-R22 contains two typographical mistakes, The first figure in column 8 of Table 9 (page 27) should be 56.4% instead of 65.4%. The fig- ure for Florida in column 4 of Table 3 (page 21) should be 470,000 instead of 47,000. ll from the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 1201 SIXTEENTH STREET, N.W. . WASHINGTON 4, D. C. ° Абат 4-4855 For further information: Beatrice Gudridge or Joseph Hanlon FOR RELEASE: Sunday papers January 7, 1962 School Enrollment Increase Over A Million for Year WASHINGTON, Jan. 6--Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools reached 38.6 million in the current school year, an increase of 1.1 million, or 3 percent, the National Education Association announced today. This is the ninth consecutive year in which enrollment increases have exceeded 1 million. The enrollment figures, and a vast accumulation of other data relating to the schools, are contained in Estimates of School Statistics, 1961-62, pub- lished by the NEA Research Division. Overall national totals are given, along with state by state figures which permit comparisons among the trends as they have developed within the nation and the several states. High school enrollments continue to grow at a rate more than double that for the elementary schools, a situation which reflects the circumstance that the bulge in postwar population increases is now moving through the high schools. High school enrollment this year reached 12.6 million, an increase of 580,000, or 4.8 percent. Тһе gain in elementary schools was 563,000 to a total of 26 million, a gain of 2.2 percent. Average salaries of classroom teachers increased by $252, or 4.8 percent, to a new total of $5527. The number of teachers in elementary schools rose by 3.2 percent to 876,000, a gain of more than 27,000. Secondary schools gained (more) NOTE: This copy of Research Report 1961-R22 contains two typographical mistakes. The first figure in column 8 of Table 9 (page 27) should be 56.4% instead of 65.4%. The fig- ure for Florida in column 4 of Table 3 (page 21) should be 470,000 instead of 47,000. > ба nearly 24,000 teachers (4.3 percent), for a new total of 578,000. The number of emergency teachers lacking full qualification for certification, stood at 97,000, nearly 7 percent of the teaching force. The report shows a further continuing decline in the number of school districts, reflecting reorganizations and consolidations in the interest of better education. There are 35,330 school districts this year, 2145 fewer than a year ago, and much less than half of the total 10 years ago. Total expenditures of the school districts, including capital outlay and interest on debt, rose by Т.Т percent to a total of $18.1 billion. Income rose by 7-5 percent to $19.4 billion. of the schools' $16.6 billion in revenue receipts, $9.3 billion came from local, intermediate and other sources; $6.7 billion from the states, and six-tenths of a billion dollars from the federal government. Current expenditures for elementary and secondary education, per pupil in average daily attendance, rose by 5.3 percent to a national average of $414, a gain of $21 during the year. There is wide disparity among the states in their expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance. For example, Mississippi spent $220; New York, $615. The school age population of the country is given as 45 million last July 1, a gain of 2.8 percent over the Census Bureau figure for April, 1960. Children of school age (5 to 17) represent more than a quarter of the country's population. The NEA estimates were developed with the cooperation of state departments of education and state education associations. Thirteen tables are included to present the information gathered on 4 state by state basis. ТЕН Copies of Estimates of School Statistics, 1 1-62 may be ordered from the National Education Association, 1201 sixteenth Street, М. W., Washington 6, D. C. 50 cents. . E RESEARCH REPORT 1961-R22 Estimates of School Statistics, 1961-62 RESEARCH DIVISION * NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION | December 1961 RESEARCH REPORT 1961-R22 Copyright (C) 1961 by the National Education Association of the United States. All Rights Reserved. REPRODUCTION OF MATERIAL Address communications to the Publica- tions Editor, Research Division, National Education Association, 1201 Sixteenth Street, Northwest, Washington 6, D. C. NEA departments and affiliated associa- tions may reproduce excerpts from the Reports in their official publications without author- ization other than this notice. However, when quotations are used in publications sold commercially by individuals, organiza- tions, or corporations, written permission must be obtained. In all cases, reproduction of the Research Report materials must include the usual credit line. PURCHASING COPIES Send orders and inquiries to the NEA Publications-Sales Section, 1201 Sixteenth Street, Northwest, Washington 6, D. C. Single copy, $.50; usual NEA discounts on quantity orders Stock 143-594 Orders which amount to $2 or less must be accompanied by cash. Shipping charges will be prepaid on cash orders, but orders not accompanied by cash will be billed with ship- ping charges included. All checks should be made payable to the National Education Asso- ciation. NEA Research Reports are issued on an ir- regular schedule. Subscribers to the Educa- tional Research Service and subscribers to the Library Standing Order Plan II receive each NEA Research Report through these sub- scriptions. Others who wish to receive each issue may enter an order for the Calendar-Year Plan for NEA Research Division Reports and Mono- graphs at the special rate of $10. Send in- quiries to the NEA Records Division. NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION President: EWALD TURNER Executive Secretary: WILLIAM G. CARR Assistant Executive Secretary for Information Services: FRANK W. HUBBARD RESEARCH DIVISION Director: SAM M. LAMBERT Associate Director: HAZEL DAVIS Assistant Directors: VICTOR О. HORNBOSTEL RAY C. MAUL GLEN ROBINSON MARTHA L. WARE Administrative Assistant: VALDEANE RICE Publications Editor: BEATRICE CRUMP LEE Research Associates: JEAN M. FLANIGAN FRANCES G. BRADLEY Research Assistants: DAVID IWAMOTO FRIEDA S. SHAPIRO ELEANOR DONALD LOIS N. WEBB GERTRUDE N. STIEBER Chiefs of Sections: GRACE BRUBAKER, Information WALLY ANNE SLITER, Typing-Production FRANCES H. REYNOLDS, Library SIMEON P. TAYLOR, III, Statistics Assistant Chiefs of Sections: AUDREY HARTUNG, Statistics HELEN KOLODZIEY, Information LILIAN C, YANG, Typing-Production SHIRLEY К. REFF, Statistics Project Director, Estimates of School Statistics, 1961-62: FRANCES G. BRADLEY CONTENTS Page High Lights: 1961-62 and 1960-61 ..............,..... seatvececes — ө 5 General Administration осон «э ө» «зе» зе эе 0 каза 0999999225 540 909 о 6 Besic Administrative UAILS, qo docte соз po v6 v0 6 oo ne э жеө 9 2:96 едена 6 Board Menbera 2. .оооес васос твое ee to ro 64 $4 «0996294 99 99 vq/9/ 9/00 9 А 6 Superintendents of SchoolS „... 6666 оо овоо eese eno e ооо ede 7 School-Age Population, Enrollment, Average Daily Membership, and Average Dally ACCORGANGE ...... 25e 0e vos d wwe "255999 Ux AA» 7 Pepulation 3-17 Years. of Арес... ad nn id ае ж» ендә el ә 7 Publio-School Шоо 5252 4p so ncm e одо сакав on Stel o Y Gio ciu dca нија е 665 7 Average Daily Membership ............... Ceo cere өө өө ө-ө-ө то 66 ооо вове өө 9 Average Dally Attendance a ne rd rau dn de oo omen се 9 lustructionsl Staff Members. 656 dc ec d. ce ce vo ehe en зы арке E SIRE 10 Total Instructional Staff... nese «76 6 24 nj eif ә ЫБ e a dini o бате — A 10 Teachers Lacking. Fuil. Certification .......9 0 4 e» bee ов ее — LL Teachers' Salaries ............ "———— — 605 ————— M 12 School Finance ......... «oce eco qos өө «0969299 E 9.94 кө e Hele MS ULNIS V 14 Revenue Receipts ......«<««««»ә»+»о»оооөөөөөөө ——— о PELT ETOR 14 Nonrevenue Receipts 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 das o € eu заве sore Gro sre ово ai qe 15 Total Expenditures .................. —— l—— I оооооооое 15 Current Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Day SCHOOLS ....... eee ese eoo Qé« eee co ed NS — es 15 Current Expenditure per Pupil in ADA &&э буо 600 600066 66 665060600006 ... 16 Current Expenditure per Pupil іп ADM ................... Sie evececveee 17 Current Expenditures for Other Programs ......... owed «woenn ese а adh 17 Capital Outlay ............... ——"Ó— о oo Tm . 17 Interest on School Debt ......,.,..... оо. оооооооооооооо ee 17 19 FOREWORD The Research Division of the National Education Association presents here- in its twentieth annual compilation of Estimates of School Statistics. This report includes estimates for 1961-62 and revised estimates for 1960-61. The purpose is to supply greatly needed current data on administrative organiza- tion, pupils, staff members, and revenues and expenditures of public elementary and secondary schools. This project is a co-operative one, involving the state departments of ed- ucation and the state education associations as well as the NEA Research Divi- sion. Estimates are first prepared by the NEA Research Division, using all available information on new legislation and current facts on economic, social, and demographic developments. The Division's estimates are then submitted to the state departments of education and the state education associations for verification or revision. Forty-nine of the 50 states participated in the development of this year's report--some verifying or revising all the estimates and some only part of them. In the tables of this report, state figures which have not been approved, revised, or altered in light of the comments from a state are marked as NEA Research Division estimates. Experience indicates that in recent years the estimates of national sum- maries have had a high degree of accuracy, and state-by-state summaries, a reasonable degree of accuracy. Over the years the state figures have improved as the users of this report and the estimators on our staff have gained experi- ence. Nevertheless, the figures should be identified as estimates, not as official or final figures. These data should not be used in lieu of official figures after the Biennial Survey of the U.S. Office of Education becomes avail- able. With few exceptions, which are noted in the report, these estimates are consistent in definition with the final figures reported later by the state departments of education to the U.S. Office of Education. The totals for the United States for 1957-58 and for prior years include 48 states and the District of Columbia. Alaska is included in the totals for 1958-59; and both Alaska and Hawaii, in the totals for 1959-60 and subsequent years. Figures for the Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands are given in Table 13. FRANCES G. BRADLEY, Research Associate, prepared the estimates and wrote the text of this report. SAM M. LAMBERT Director, Research Division HIGH LIGHTS: 1961-62 AND 1960-61 Basic administrative units Pupil enrollment: Total Elementary school Secondary school "e | || |f n n "e ee ж "t t + SOLDE село ев NA ээ оа 2€ 4/0990 Elementary school ............ Secondary 808004, s.s. эж» o Emergency teachers .............. Average salaries: Instructional staff All classroom teachers Elementary-school teachers ... Secondary-school teachers .... ......4.. Income: Total revenue and non- revenue receipts Revenue receipts by source: Total BC р ее СОНЫ a EA S Local, intermediate, and other Expenditures: Total expenditures Current expenditures for ele- mentary and secondary day schools Current expenditures for other programs (community serv- ices, community college, «+++» À | ж öte: 025525 ы ж PER CAE Pu Capital.oütlay ^ „е»=жебф» кабан Interest on school debt ...... Current expenditures for elemen- tary and secondary day schools Dir gupll da Al... tow wees kins hs Current expenditures for elemen- tary and secondary day schools per pupil OS | aera 1961-62 35, 330 38,632,995 26,000, 303 12,632,692 36,760,600 34, 518,190 1,577,653 1,454, 362 875,959 578,403 97,348 $5,716 $5,527 $5,325 $5,800 $19,474,187,000 $16, 646, 781,000 $ 608,634,000 $ 6,700, 585,000 $ 9,337,562,000 $ 2,827,406,000 $18, 105,285,000 $14,279, 385,000 $ 318,870,000 $ 2,953,999,000 $ 553,031,000 $388 $414 1960-61 37,475 37,489,481 25,436,897 12,052,584 35,672,900 33,425,470 1,521,966 1,403,336 848,853 554,483 96,799 $5,449 $5,275 $5,075 $5,543 $18,111, 701,000 $15, 320, 340,000 $ 582,301,000 $ 6,096,983,000 $ 8,641,056,000 $ 2,791,361,000 $16,807,934,000 $13,147,075,000 $ 272,295,000 $ 2,885,391,000 $ 503,173,000 $369 $393 Change -2,145 *1,143,514 +563, 406 +580, 108 +1,087, 700 +1,092,720 +55, 687 451,026 27,106 +23, 90 +$1, 362,486,000 +$1, 326,441,000 +$ 26,333,000 +$ 603,602,000 +$ 696,506,000 +$ 36,045,000 +$1, 297,351,000 +$1, 132,310,000 +$ 46,575,000 +$ 68,608,000 +$ 49,858,000 +$19 +$21 Percent of change -5.7% +5.3 GENERAL ADMINISTRATION The school system is the basic administrative unit for the operation of local elementary and secondary schools and for contracting for school services. In complexity of operation, basic units range from one-teacher rural systems to large metropolitan systems serving thousands of pupils. A system may be an independent governmental unit or a part of a state government, county, or other local government unit. The governing body of the system is the school board. The chief adminis- trative officer is the superintendent of schools. Basic Administrative Units (Table 1, columns 2 and 5) In organization, the basic administrative units of the public school systems vary greatly throughout the United States. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the responsibility for the public schools of 50 states and the District of Columbia rests as follows: (a) with independent school districts in 29 states; (b) with county, city, or town government in four states; and (c) with both (a) and (b) above in 16 states. In one state, Hawaii, the whole state is one basic unit for school operations. The basic unit in the District of Columbia is the District government.l/ The number of basic administrative units reported in 1931-32 was 127,422. Primarily as a re- sult of reorganization laws which have facilitated the consolidation and annexation of school dis- tricts, the number of such units has declined steadily. The 1961-62 total of 35,330 represents a 72.3-percent decrease from the 1931-32 figure; a 50.2-percent decrease in the 10-year period since 1951-52; and a 5.7-percent decrease in the last year. The trend over the past 10 years in the total number of basic administrative units in the states and the District of Columbia is shown below by combining figures of the U.S. Office of Edu- cation with NEA Research Division estimates (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): School year Basic administrative units 人 70,993 Јани Os doa ом sas dux MEI Ebese 62, 969 1955-56 ..... eer Жай M ск: ҮГҮТ рачка касети 54,859 АЮ азаа» A иңгә ерер Бра са xe 53,197* LARES QE. аек oe VY LO — ap 47,594 ПОЛЕ E T ep —- 43, 507* 1959-960: 2044.45 éeqi sas d MATTERS enu д» 40,286 PIN" о роза соба 94,069 qr Rad S Ke ROS ees bbe 37,475* 39851900 ну Toss viebess sed des Au тее dud d aiv 35, 330* The Bureau of the Census reports the number of public school systems as part of the Census of Governments series. For 1956-57 the number reported was 52,913;2/ preliminary figures for 1961-62 show a total of 37,4383/ public school systems. For 1961-62 the NEA Research Division estimates 2108 fewer basic administrative units than the Census Bureau reported. Nearly four-fifths of the difference in the 1961-62 figures is attributable to the difference in the number of districts re- ported for one state, Pennsylvania. The NEA Research Division reports the number of operating units in Pennsylvania, and the Census Bureau reported the basic legal entities, the districts. The Census Bureau figures also include public systems at the college level. Other differences arise from variations in time and method of collecting the figures. Board Members (Table 1, columns 3 and 6) With the decrease in the number of administrative units has come a decrease in the number of school-board members and trustees. These are citizens elected or appointed to determine policy and l/ U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1957 Census of Governments. Vol. 1, No. 1, Governments in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Superintendent of Documents, Govern- ment Printing Office, 1957. р. 21-22. 2/ Ibid. 3/ U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1962 Census of Governments. Preliminary Report No. 1, Public School Systems in 1961-62. СС-Р1. Washington, D.C.: the Bureau, October 24, 19618.28: 3. to exercise general supervision over the operations of the local school districts. The U.S. Office of Education reported a total of 423,974 school-board members in 1933. By 1960-61 the number of school-board members in basic units had decreased to an estimated 166,571. In 1961-62 the number of school-board members was estimated at 159,049. Superintendents of Schools (Table 1, columns 4 and 7) The superintendent of a school system is a professional person in charge of the administration of the activities of the local school district. A number of Superintendents administer the func- tions of two or more local school districts. The number of superintendents in the basic units was estimated at 13,012 for 1960-61 and at 12,923 for 1961-62. These totals are smaller than the total number of persons with the title of "superintendent of schools" since they do not include state superintendents or superintendents of intermediate units (such as counties in the Western states), and a few other special types. SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION, ENROLLMENT, AVERAGE DAILY MEMBERSHIP, AND AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE School-age population (5 to 17), enrollments, average daily membership, and average daily at- tendance are basic to the measurement of the size and cost of the public schools. State figures and the totals for the 50 states and the District of Columbia for these four series are shown in Table 2 for 1960-61 and in Table 3 for 1961-62. Population 5-17 Years of Age (Table 2, column 2, and Table 3, column 2) The population aged 5-17 years is the age group which is significant for the elementary- and secondary-school enrollments. Revised estimates for this age group based on the final Census count for April 1, 1960, are not available for the intercensal years between 1950 and 1960. According to the Decennial Census the School-age population of the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii, has increased from 30,724,284 on April 1, 1950, to 43,881,109 on April 1, 1960, an increase of 42.8 percent. The total population of the United States, excluding the Armed Forces overseas, increased from 151,325,798 to 179,323,175 over the same period, an increase of 18.5 per- cent. The school-age population was 20.3 percent of the total population in 1950, and had increased to 25.2 percent of the total population by 1960. NEA Research Division estimates the School-age population for July 1, 1961, at 45,131,685, a gain of 2.8 percent over April 1, 1960. Public-School Enrollment (Table 2, columns 3, 4, 5, and 8, and Table 3, columns 3, 4, 5, and 8) State-by-state estimates of enrollments for 1960-61 and 1961-62 are shown in columns 3 to 5 of Tables 2 and 3. The NEA Research Division estimates include kindergarten in the elementary- School enrollment, include junior high schools in the secondary-school enrollment, and omit junior- college enrollments. These figures reflect enrollment by organization level, elementary and sec- ondary, through the end of the school year. The following figures show enrollments for the years 1951-52 through 1961-62 in the NEA series. Public-school enrollments (NEA Series) School year Elementary Secondary Total 1951-52 ...... EE x CUNT ЙЕ 19,713,202 6,998,454 26,711,656 1952-53 ods nade d'ora ЫЕ dai a сла 20,121,866 7,410, 569 27,532,435 1933988. ro. eel ead eeuidewae ew d ве... 21,029,384 7,887,319 28,916,703 1954-55 wre er? ees va oa ә s>s os 21,774,216 8,191,836 29,966,052 1953-56. ese T cues da ко ‘aid 22,519,049 8,622,289 31,141, 338 050597: „5-е wie nie wets кө eA e eee 22,986,381 9,282,078 32,268,459 1997-58... 4o» $9 qa ma sl. АВ ВОТ ees 55° 2332005 381 9,776,108 33,336,449 1958-59 ..... аө alus quina d leone sono - 20) 125, 361 10,826,916 34,952,277 1959-60 V are KAS 2 poetis eMe ed „а 24, 538,843 11,499,094 36,037,937 1960961...» ا‎ це ware ө e 49 5/0 “© 556... ж. Жо, 12,052,584 37,489,481 1961-62 TT TT E ruere a ` 26,000, 303 12,632,692 38,632,995 A total enrollment of 38,632,995 is estimated for the school year 1961-62. This is an in- crease of 3.1 percent over 1960-61, and an increase of 44.6 percent over 1951-52. The percents of increase in enrollment over 1951-52 and for each year over the previous year are shown below. Increase in enrollment Increase in enrollment School year over 1951-52 over previous year Elementary Secondary Total Elementary Secondary Total ЕНА Вучу га 215 5.9% 3.1% 2.1% 5.9% J« LÀ ОЧЕ „545.245 6.7 1257 8.3 4.5 6.4 5.0 29858455. wee cheese 10.5 12.1 1252 9.9 3.9 3.6 1995-56 Соколов ео 14.2 23:2 16.6 3.4 9:3 3.9 1956-797- i45 ve 55 esee 16.6 32.6 20.8 2.1 Ve 3.6 У, SE ee ee ee 19.5 39.7 24.8 2.5 5:3 K O pel ie ae ae 22.4 54.7 30.9 2.4 10.7 4.8 EI ET NETT EET I 24.5 64.3 34.9 I. 6.2 Ji1 D LUE TE аз» ваа 29.0 ro?» 40.3 Je] 4.8 4.0 AMO ISDN. i692 Vo 4" 31.9 80.5 44.6 2.2 4.8 Jv Elementary-school enrollment increased 2.2 percent from 1960-61 to 1961-62, and since 1951-52 it has increased 31.9 percent. Secondary-school enrollment increased 4.8 percent from 1960-61 to 1961-62, and since 1951-52 it has increased an estimated 80.5 percent. Table 2, column 8, shows the 1960-61 enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools as a percent of the population aged 5-17 as of April 1, 1960; and Table 3, column 8, the 1961-62 en- rollment as a percent of the population aged 5-17 as estimated by the NEA Research Division for July 1, 1961. In 1960-61, public elementary- and secondary-school enrollment was 85.4 percent of the population aged 5-17; in 1961-62 it was 85.6 percent. The trend in enrollment as a percent of the population aged 5-17 is not shown in this report. Percents shown in previous reports should not be used. Population aged 5-17 used in calculating these percents were postcensal estimates based on the 1950 Census and were somewhat high. The two enrollment series compiled by the U.S. Office of Education differ from the NEA series. For the fall enrollment series the U.S. Office of Education collects the figures on an organization basis (elementary and secondary enrollments rather than grade levels K-8 and 9-12). These are the enrollments at the beginning of the school year. The NEA Research Division enrollment estimates are cumulative enrollments to the end of the school year. The enrollment figures reported in the Biennial Survey of the U.S. Office of Educa- tion are comparable to NEA Research Division estimates in respect to time, method of computation, and totals, but differ in that the U.S. Office of Education divides total enrollment into grade levels rather than into the organization levels of the NEA Research Division estimates. The NEA Research Division estimates of total enrollment and the total figures reported later by the U.S. Office of Education in the Biennial Survey are comparable. The estimates of the total enrollment in the NEA series shown above and the total enrollment figures reported in the Biennial Survey series of the U.S. Office of Education shown below have differed only slightly for the years 1951-52 through 1959-60. The difference between the U.S. Office of Education projections of total enrollment for 1961-62 and the NEA Research Division estimates for the same year is about 1 percent. Public-school enrollment (USOE Series) School year Kindergarten Grades 9 through 12 Total through grade 8 , and postgraduates _ UBI AE V TT NE E ков TT T — 20,680,867 5,881,797 26,562,664 1922953 ee оо qu oio iie doin TET 21,624,582 5,881,948 27,506,630 1953-54 .. ...,... sees ај иа бл 22,545,807 6,290,245 28,836,052 $e. ро wa э.» cdi idiom ipe io n 23,471,000 6,574,000 30,045,000 i199 D US Коре vo эйе еа cence 24, 290, 257 6,872,586 31,162,843 1990-55. wie es «6655 өөй жө «% өөө 25,016,000 7,318,000 32,334,000 15777-1. ы» E OT TP 25,668,820 7,859,771 33,528,591 1958-59 ..... өөө ae elo 6b o» T 26,683,000 8,318,000 35,001,000 1999550 ж» c eo эгей вие e pio e А 27,629,881 8,516,965 36,146,846 PME UT дол одиме dme. once 28,400,000a/ 8,900 ,000а/ 37, 300,000a/ UO 7 eae — өө 28,700,000а/ 9, 500, 000a/ 38, 200, 000a/ a/ Projection. Average Daily Membership (Table 2, columns 6 and 9, and Table 3, columns 6 and 9) A pupil is a member of a school from the date he is placed on the current roll until he perma- nently leaves. Membership is the total number of pupils belonging; the sum of those present and those absent. Average daily membership for the school year is an average obtained by dividing the aggregate days of membership by the number of days schools were in session. The U.S. Office of Education in State Educational Records and Reports Series: Handbook II recommends average daily membership as the best measure of pupil load. However, some states have not adopted this method for reporting pupils. Column 6 of Tables 2 and 3 gives ADM for 1960-61 and for 1961-62 for the states reporting and an estimated total for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. In 1960-61 the estimated ADM was 35,672,900; in 1961-62, 36,760,600. This represents a gain of 3.0 percent. Table 2, column 9, shows the 1960-61 ADM as a percent of the population aged 5-17 as of April 1, 1960; and Table 3, column 9, the 1961-62 ADM as a percent of the population aged 5-17 as estimated by the NEA Research Division for July 1, 1961. In 1960-61, ADM was 81.3 percent of the school-age population; in 1961-62 it was 81.5 percent. Average Daily Attendance (Table 2, columns 7, 10, and 11 and Table 3, columns 7, 10, and 11) The average daily attendance for the school year is the aggregate days the pupils were in school divided by the number of days school was actually in session. From 1960-61 to 1961-62, aver- age daily attendance increased 1,092,720 to a total of 34,518,190, an increase of 3.3 percent. The figures below show the trend in average daily attendance by combining the figures of the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division interpolations and estimates (starred): Average Percent of increase School year daily Over Over pre- attendance 1951-52 vious year 1951-52, wen een a 23,257,000 ... eee 1952-53- vier v vvv 24,451,000* 5.14 5.1% 1953-56 иа «ээ» э» ee o 25,644,000 10.3 4.9 1998-55 oben? 939 ш» 26,692,000* 14.8 4.1 1955-50 ^. se re ses 27,740,000 19.3 3.9 1956957 oon 28,871,000* 24.1 4.1 1957-58 idem €». «X. 29,722,000 27.8 2.9 1958-59 „секое evo oin" 31,095,000* 33.4 4.6 1959-60. „а.е еее 32,468,772 39.6 "4.4 1960-61 coe. 33,425,470* 43.7 2.9 1961-62 27.729 o2 » 4^ 34,518,190* 48.4 3.3 Average daily attendance was 89.2 percent of the total enrollment in 1960-61, and 89.3 per- cent of the total enrollment in 1961-62 (Table 2, column 10, and Table 3, column 10). Average daily attendance as a percent of enrollment is shown below for the school years 1951-52 through 1961-62: School year Percent ADA is of enrollment 1951-52 .... aio» «vivis 87.67 1952-53 ........ T— 88.9 1953-54 ......... — 88.9 1954-55. ,ome t en . 88.8 1955-56 ........... m 89.0 1956-57. Tss eee e ж» efi 89.3 1957-58 ........... .. 88.6 1958-59... c. sse .. 88.8 1959-60 ........5 — 89.8 1960-61 ........ 4. os 89.2 1961-62. ......... — 89.3 10 Column 11 of Tables 2 and 3 gives the percent that average daily attendance is of average daily membership for 1960-61 and for 1961-62. The difference between 100 percent and the percents shown in this column is the percent of average daily absence. INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF MEMBERS The instructional staff comprises classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, librarians, guidance and psychological personnel, and related instructional workers. In these estimates the figures for the total instructional staff are closer to the actual figures than are the figures for the components of the staff. Over the years, the increased accuracy of state reporting has ac- counted for part of the shift among components of the staff. Another factor in the shift between classroom teachers and principals has been the gradual elimination of the position of teaching principal. The teaching principal, who was formerly classified as a classroom teacher, has become a nonteaching principal because of the consolidation of small districts or the growth of enroll- ments in districts. Total Instructional Staff (Tables 4 and 5) The total instructional staff in 1961-62 is estimated at 1,577,653. This is an increase of 3.7 percent over the revised estimate of 1,521,966 staff members in 1960-61. The estimates of the NEA Research Division on the numbers of classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, and other in- structional staff are shown below for each of the past four years. Instructional staff 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 Elementary-school classroom teachers ...... 808,475 827,875 848,853 875,959 Secondary-school classroom teachers ....... 484,248 525,180 554,483 578,403 Total classroom teachers .......... e o s> Ty292 723 1,353,055 1,403, 336 1,454, 362 Principals and supervisors .............. T" 78,790 81,480 83,292 85,703 Other instructional staff ....... еа «е ‚л> 23,400 30,395 35,338 37,588 SOON ACRES ones vélo ec yo) Pais 1,394,913 1,464,903 1,521,966 1,577,653 Since 1951-52 the instructional staff has increased 55.8 percent, an average gain of 4.5 per- cent a year. The trend in the total instructional staff since 1951-52 is shown below as a combina- tion of the figures of the U.S. Office of Education and NEA Research Division estimates (NEA Re- search Division estimates are starred): Instructional Percent gain School year staff Over Over pre- 1951-52 vious year 2991-54 RR Se аа 1,012, 384 ВОЗА BR ру 1,050,613* 3.8% 3.8% 1953-56 ee ae 1,098, 320 8.5 4.5 MISES C. is erede qu 1,150,755* 13.7 4.8 a b> 2 esse aqu. 1,213,459 19.9 5.4 1356-57. ..... eon 1,271,191 25.6 4.8 a AR 1,333,332 31.7 4.9 sor APETETER слој 1,394,913* 37.8 4.6 eG CET E ET UT TS 1,472,974 45.5 5.6 одл Nc cn зале 1,521, 966* 50.3 3.3 з У Onin u's slain 7 1,577,653* 55.8 3.7 Trends in the number of elementary- and secondary-school classroom teachers since 1951-52 are shown below in a combination of U.S. Office of Education figures and NEA Research Division esti- mates (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): 11 Total class- room teachers Secondary-school classroom teachers =aa8sroom teachers Elementary-school classroom teachers School year 1931-52 Titec ike tobe 619,804 343,060 962,864 1952993 „е وة‎ 9» 642 , 583* 350, 000* 992,583 13933995. i Lord nos 657,520 374,618 1,032,138 1996-55 cioe doo» 690,987* 389,342* 1,080, 329* 1953556 2.5.4 722,890 410,203 1,133,093 1936-5 E TAT 750,702* 440, 163* 1,190, 865* 1957-398. гае 778,324 459,525 1,237,849 1958859 „85555. ale 808, 475* 484, 248* 1,292,723* 1959-60. Fc cvesro 827,875* 525,180* 1,353,055* 1900-0175 10.9 oka on 848, 853* 554, 483* 1,403, 336* 1962-62 AEXTETTIT YO. 875,959* 578,403* 1,454,362* The elementary-school classroom teachers totaled 875,959 in 1961-62, a gain of 3.2 percent »ver the revised estimate of 848,853 for 1960-61. The elementary-school classroom teaching staff has increased 41.3 percent since 1951-52. By 1961-62 the secondary-school classroom teachers numbered an estimated 578,403, a gain of 4.3 percent over the revised estimate of 554,483 for 1960-61. Over the years since 1951-52 the number of secondary-school teachers has increased 68.6 percent. For 1961-62 the total number of classroom teachers is estimated at 1,454,362, a gain of 3.6 percent over the revised estimate of 1,403,336 for 1960-61. Since 1951-52 the total classroom teaching staff has increased 51.0 percent. The figures below show the percent of change in the number of classroom teachers since 1951-52 and changes year by year. Increase in number of classroom teachers over previous year Increase in number of classroom teachers over 1951-52 Elementary Secondary Total Elementary Secondary Total 199893 е» ev г. ар 3.7% 2.07 3:14 3.7% 2.0% 3. 1X 19339998 o i2 AEN 6.1 9.2 а а 7.0 4.0 1954055 оне kia 12.5 13.5 12.2 5.1 3.9 4.7 1955-56. „5... aA Stave 16.6 19.6 0757 4.6 5.4 4.9 Ки ТУРУ л: rg ay | 28.3 2347 3.8 753 DL bY fo ee ди n 25.6 33.9 28.6 3:7 4.4 3.9 1958-59. 2:5 swiss vil ire 30.4 41.2 34.3 3.9 5.4 4.4 1959960. э» REE 33.6 53.1 40.5 2.4 8.5 4.7 19605015. (s. wach 37.0 61.6 45.7 2.5 5.6 3272 120 Же Жер, КМК 41.3 68.6 51.0 3 4.3 3.6 Teachers Lacking Full Certification (Table 6) Standards for certification of classroom teachers vary widely among the states. Because of the shortage of qualified teachers, most states have permitted the employment of teachers under substandard, temporary, or emergency credentials. Other states issue provisional certificates which are not deemed substandard since all teachers involved are presumed to be working toward Standard certificates. The levels of preparation and experience (all of which represent less than full certification) vary among ment of these teachers is authorized until the states can obtain required for these certificates the states. The temporary employ- an adequate supply of fully quali- Should be noted that the number of fied teachers or until these persons become fully qualified. It emergency teachers by state is estimated according to the states' respective certification require- ments. Since 1951-52, many states have increased the requirements for full certification so that many individuals who would have qualified for full certification in a state a few years ago now qualify only for these provisional certificates. On the other hand, the number of teachers lacking full certification understates the broader problem of teacher shortage because it does not include (a) the number of unfilled positions, (b) the number of teachers needed to reduce class size and teacher work load, and (c) the number needed to eliminate half-day sessions. A full report on the 12 broader problem of teacher shortage may be found in the NEA Research Division Report 1961-R9, Teacher Supply and Demand in Public Schools, 1961. The figures below show the ratio of emergency or each school year on the basis of the require- teachers to the total number of classroom teachers f ments for the standard certificate that year, beginning with 1951-52 (NEA Research Division esti- mates are starred): Emergency Total number Proportion Percent emergency Year teachers of classroom of emergency teachers are of teachers teachers total teachers 399132 24 РОТ 4s 6s 69,848* 962,864 l in 14 7.3% 1954953 "Nx dee cde is 69,626* 992,583* l in 14 7.0 2999 9" EE. qe e» dos e 78,850* 1,032,138 б 13 7.6 2389590955 4 c Pe LT 80,674* 1,080, 329% l in 13 7.5 Mut. au ero ova 79,403* 1,133,093 l in 14 7.0 RSS ORG. QE do uam d.a 86,616* 1,190,865* l in 14 7.3 ЖАЛА ee «cuis v E 94,732* 1,237,849 上 RS 7.7 1998-39 ДНА, Leve oo 94, 010* 1,292,723* l in 14 ^3 I DULL ed T T TRI. 93, 543* 1,353,055* l in 14 6.9 1960-61 Owen we 96,799* 1,403, 336* l in 14 6.9 ie eas А 97, 348% 1,454, 362% luda 15 6.7 The number of emergency teachers has increased from 69,848 in 1951-52 to 97,348 in 1961-62, a gain of 39.4 percent. While the number of emergency teachers has increased substantially, the percent of classroom teachers lacking full certification has remained fairly constant, at around 7 percent of the total number of classroom teachers, for each year since 1951-52. It should be kept in mind that over the 10-year period shown above, states were increasing standards for full certification and that many teachers reported as emergency teachers in 1961-62 would have fully qualified under previous standards. In 1961-62, of the teachers who lack full certification, 68 percent are employed in the elementary schools; 43 percent, in the rural schools. Forty-seven percent of these teachers have less than four years of college preparation. Teachers’ Salaries (Tables 7 and 8) The revised estimates of the average salary of the instructional staff in 1960-61 was $5449 (Table 7). The estimate for 1961-62 is $5716 (Table 8). The gain of $267 represents an increase of 4.9 percent. These average salary figures are for the entire instructional staff--classroom teachers, prin- cipals, supervisors, and other instructional personnel. In the computation of the national aver- age, each state average is weighted by the number of instructional staff members in the state. The trend in average salaries is shown below as a combination of figures of the U.S. Office of Education and estimates of the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): Percent of increase Year Average annual salary Over Over pre- of instructional staff 1951-52 vious year IE MAE DIT. $3,450 кае T PEE e Rs 3,554* 3.0% 3.0% ip Jos eat а Pt eee eee 3,825 10.9 7.6 PORI tate one cleo ae 3,950* 14.5 Sad 1955-98 7.15. d eed e 4,156 20.5 2.4 1353023 $5. e tence 4, 350% 26.1 4.7 Shy ae Li a ао 4,702 36.3 8.1 1958-59 ..... dais" 4,939* 43.2 5.0 1959-60 Tc ea 25139 48.8 4.0 1960-61 ..... e^» e wa e 5,449* 57.9 6.1 1961-62 . ii. x. ates 5,716* 65.7 4.9 Salaries of the instructional staff have gained every year in the past 10 years, at an aver- age annual rate of 5.2 percent. The average salary per member of the instructional staff in 13 1961-62 is estimated at $5716, an increase of $2266, or 65.7 percent over the average salary of $3450 in 1951-52. However, in terms of purchasing power as measured by the Consumer Price Index of the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (1947-49 = 100.0) the average salary of instructional staff members was $3056 in 1951-52 and had advanced to $4455 in 1961-62. Insofar as the Consumer Price Index is an accurate measure of the increases in the cost of living for in- structional staff members throughout the United States, the real gain in the purchasing power of average salaries amounted to 45.8 percent in the 10 years since 1951-52. For 1960-61 the estimated average salary of classroom teachers was revised to $5275, or 97 per- cent of the average salary of the total instructional staff. The revised average annual salary of elementary-school teachers in 1960-61 was $5075; and of secondary-school teachers, $5543. For 1961-62 the average salary of classroom teachers is estimated at $5527, or 97 percent of the figure for the entire instructional staff. This is a gain of 4.8 percent over the figure for 1960-61. The estimated average salary of elementary-school teachers in 1961-62 is $5325; and of secondary-school teachers, $5800. The average salaries of elementary-school teachers are lower than those of secondary-school teachers; however, over the past years the difference appears to be growing smaller. In 1951-52 the average annual salary of elementary-school teachers was 83.1 percent of the corresponding fig- ure for secondary-school teachers. By 1961-62 the average salary of elementary-school teachers increased to 91.8 percent of the salary estimated for secondary-school teachers. The decrease in the difference may be the result of several factors: (a) increased preparation of elementary- School teachers, (b) more acute shortage of elementary-school teachers in the past 10 years, (c) longer periods of service, and (d) improved status of the position of elementary-school teachers. Table 8, columns 6 through 11, and Table 9, columns 8 through 13, show by state the percent distribution of classroom teachers by salaries paid. The trend in this distribution for the United States is shown below: Percent of classroom teachers paid School year Below $3, 500- $4, 500 $3,500 41499 and over 1954-53 mune 62.0% 25.0% 13.0% 1853988 -.. x v ei ИШ 55.8 26.6 17.6 19354933 ies 48.5 29.2 22.3 1053-50 „еее 42.6 31.4 26.0 19552557 Ж» co used" бей 35.0 33.0 32.0 1987938 «2 ves E 25.6 4355 40.9 1958939 2. o eo 08 17.0 31.7 3153 1959960: «oo vvo2«3 M 12.8 29.7 27.5 3960-61 |: itso cone n 9.2 26.0 64.8 1961-62 „еее s ens 6.4 21.8 71.8 In 1952-53, about 6 classroom teachers in 10 were paid less than $3500. It is estimated that in 1961-62 about 6 classroom teachers in 100 will be paid less than $3500. In 1952-53 only about l classroom teacher in 8 was paid $4500 or more; in 1961-62 almost 6 in 8 will be paid $4500 or more. Tables 8 and 9 give a more detailed breakdown of the salary classification, $4500 and over. In 1961-62, 43.0 percent of all classroom teachers will be paid $5500 or more; 21.4 percent, $6500 or more; and 8.6 percent, $7500 or more. State and sectional differences in teachers' salaries are great. The following figures show average salaries paid the instructional staff by region for the years 1959-60 through 1961-62. Region Average annual salary of instructional staff 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 New. England oo eoo ножи $5,305 $5,599 $5,803 Middle Atlantfc онер 5,771 6,091 6,314 Southeast. «hwo sas sque MA 4,045 4,365 4,596 Маја. „боле год dtt же XA os 5,343 5,610 5,868 Southwest ........» 550 жез 4,784 4,868 5,388 Northwest 7...» аикидо ER 4,480 4, 700 4,890 Far West) sins ciao o LS 6,233 6,653 6,945 Total, 50 states and Dist. of Columbia ...... $5,159 $5,449 $5,716 a/ Includes Alaska and Hawaii. 14 In 1961-62 a difference of $2349 exists between the average salary paid in the Southeast and the average paid in the Far West. In 1959-60 the dollar gap was $2188; in 1960-61 it was $2288. In these three years, the dollar gap has widened, but the percent relationship has closed slightly. SCHOOL FINANCE The total revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools are esti- mated at $19,474,187,000 for 1961-62. This is an increase of 7.5 percent over the revised esti- mated total receipts of $18,111,701,000 in 1960-61. The total expenditures, including current ex- pense, capital outlay, and interest, increased from $16,807,934,000 in 1960-61 to an estimated $18, 105,285,000 in 1961-62, an increase of 7.7 percent. Revenue Receipts (Tables 9 and 10) In this series, revenue receipts include all monies received from the general funds of the federal, state, county, and local governments; receipts from taxes levied for school purposes; in- come from permanent school funds and endowments; income from leases of school land; interest; tuition; gifts; and charges. For 1961-62, revenue receipts are estimated at $16,646,781,000, an increase of 8.7 percent over the revised estimate of $15,320,340,000 for 1960-61. From 1951-52 through 1961-62, school revenue receipts increased a total of 159.1 percent at an average annual rate of 10.1 percent for the decade. Below are shown the revenue receipts since 1951-52 as reported by the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): Revenue receipts School year Amount Percent increase Percent increase (in thousands) over 1951-52 over previous years ОДЕА, кочан овака 5 6,423,816 1992293,7; 25220849 7,265,115* 13.1% 13.1% 1253-96. 5. 25 ... 7,866,852 22.5 8.3 ES ae 8,467, 128% 31.8 7.6 1995556... av 3.8* 39.8* 56.4* то "ЧИРЕВИ A yr 3.7* 40.2* 56.1* For the United States as a whole, the distribution of school revenue by source has remained fairly constant since 1955-56; about 4 percent from federal, 40 percent from State, and 56 percent from local and other sources. State-by-state figures are given in Tables 9 and 10, columns 6 through 8, for the years 1960-61 and 1961-62. 15 Nonrevenue Receipts (Tables 9 and 10) Nonrevenue receipts include all monies received from loans, sales of bonds, sales of property purchased from capital funds, and insurance adjustments. The nonrevenue receipts for 1961-62 were $2,827,406,000, up 1.3 percent from the estimate of $2,791,361,000 for 1960-61. From 1951-52 to 1961-62, nonrevenue receipts increased 133.1 percent. The trend in nonrevenue receipts is shown in a combination of figures from the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): School year Nonrevenue receipts roc ызгы» LT IN $1,213,068,000 192908 е Edda x os 1,824,004,000 1985996. OVER RE T» Ax 2,356,189,000 19974 5B Lus Save QW». »5 20 2,514,676,000 1939960... cei ei nc сь 2,591,496,000 Бо: HERE EE TEN 2, 791, 361, 000* а 0 Буба оре 53140 iu А 2,827 ,406,000% Total Expenditures (Tables 11 and 12, column 8) The total amount to be spent during 1961-62 for current expense, capital outlay, and interest on school debt is estimated at $18,105,285,000. This represents a 7.7-percent increase over the total expenditures of $16,807,934,000 in 1960-61. The total expenditures over the past 10 years, as reported by the U.S. Office of Education and by the NEA Research Division, are as follows (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): Total expenditures School year Amount Percent increase Percent increase (in thousands) over 1951-52 over previous year LU LO Ki. + aa Ut RR $ 7,344,237 awe = 1952» 99 Васа ves. Tor Sn 8,346, 313* 13.67 13.67, 1959-86 PEE a o S 9,092,449 23.8 8.9 1958988 oues "——ÓÀ 9,824,499* 33.8 8.4 19335996 crores noa d RN 10,955,047 49.2 11.5 1956-87 Lie unii a V» kaa 11,994,992* 63.3 9.5 1957-88 -. eed een 2 eee 6 sosise 13,569,163 84.8 13.1 1958950... oo tales TR E 14,253,239* 94.1 5.0 1959-00 E ene ика едвај 15,643,519 113.0 9.8 1960961. os мйне во se минаа 16,807, 934* 128.9 7.4 LO N ak re vr a 18,105, 285* 146.5 dud Current Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools (Tables 11 and 12, column 2) Current expenditure of elementary and secondary day schools includes amounts paid for general control, instructional service, operation, maintenance, fixed charges, and other school services at all levels of administration--state, intermediate, and basic local. Current expenditure com- Prises all governmental contributions to the retirement fund and expenditure for school services including attendance, health services, transportation, food services, and others. This figure does not include payments for capital outlay and interest on school debt or, except when otherwise noted, amounts spent for community colleges, adult education, summer school, and community Services. The estimated current expenditure increased from $13,147,075,000 in 1960-61 to $14,279, 385,000 in 1961-62. The following figures show the increases in current expenditure as reported by the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are Starred): School year 1951-5289 ..... 25 $ 5, MEL n 6, 1953-54b/ ......... 6, nes em. 7, 1955-56b/ ......... 8, Ето SI сс: 8, 1957=58ру 14. 10, e a A 10, 1959-60b/ .......... 12, UNUM ......... 13, 人 14， a/ Includes expenditur b/ Includes expenditur school programs in Califo Annual increases over the 1951-52, percent. per Pupil in ADA Current Expenditure » column 3) (Tables 11 and 12 The current expenditure per pu ary day schools for 1961-62 is esti $393 for 1960-61. Amount (in thousands) Current expenditures for public and secondary da Percent increase over 1951-52 722,162 «ағ 235, 000* 9.0% 790,923 18.7 340, 300* 28.3 251,420 44.2 921, 100% 55.9 251,843 79.2 851,079* 89.6 388,028 116.5 147,075* 129.8 279, 385* 149.5 es for community services. es for с rnia. past 10 years have averaged 9.6 percent. current expenditures for public elementary and secondary day sch pil in average daily attendance ommunity colleges, adult education, elementary Schools Percent increase over previous year ws . ~ ho Со © . . m" Со Ow +^ un г со - O н һә Сохо ҥн рро. апа summer- In the 10 years since ools have increased 149,5 Current expenditure Per pupil in ADA for elementary and secondary day schools School year Amount Percent increase over 1951-52 MODE dig elena zer $244.24 A eur D ЧАСЕ 255.00* 4.47, DIJO Со... 264.76 8.4 MISES КМ 275.00* 12.6 (LS a Seal 8 294.22 20.5 Sr Lies es os 309. 00* 26.5 1957-58 РСА 341.14 39.7 IS IS cruises 350.00* 43.3 1999-80 ЕЕС... 376.00 53.9 1 393.00* 60.9 se PI 414.00* 69.5 Current expenditure per pupil in 1961-62, a gain of 69.5 percent. great. Estimated expenditures per $615. Expenditures per pupil in AD as. follows: Current expendit elementa and s in pu A ure per pupil in ADA for econdary day schools $200-249 ........ 250-299 . 300-349 ...... 350-399 .. 400-449 ***9060600606000006062029 ооооооеооооо о о о о оооооооооооо ео о о о 0090000 CEO OC CeCe даа 450-499 ... 500-549 ,, 550-599 .... 600 and over "c ьо "^ n n Percent increase over previous year 9 8 н .م نی تی ل ی © د۸ یہ یځ‎ олсо 00 0 上 上 上， an estimated $414 Number of states 17 Current Expenditures per Pupil in ADM (Tables 11 and 12, column 4) Average daily membership (ADM) is recommended as a better measure than ADA for use in comput- ing per-pupil expenditures. It represents an average of the pupils belonging--those attending (ADA) plus those absent--and Provides a better measure of the number of pupils for whom the expend- itures were made. Because some States have not adopted this method of pupil reporting, figures on expenditures per pupil in ADM are incomplete. Column 4 of Tables 11 and 12 gives the expenditure per Pupil in ADM for 1960-61 and for 196 1-62 for the 40 states and the District of Columbia reporting ADM. From this incomplete return, the NEA Research Division has estimated the expenditure for the 50 states and the District of Columbia per pupil in ADM to be $369 for 1960-61 and $388 for 1961-62, or about 94 percent of the expenditure per pupil in ADA for each of these years. Current Expenditures for Other Programs (Tables 11 and 12, column 5) Current expenditures for programs other than elementary and secondary day school programs in- clude expenditures for summer schools, community colleges, adult education, and for community serv- ices (public libraries, community centers, recreational programs, etc.) when operated by local school districts. Current expenditures for other programs amounted to $272,295 in 1960-61 and to $318,870 in 1961-62, an increase of 17.1 percent. Capital Outlay (Tables 11 and 12, column 6) Capital outlay was estimated at $2,885,391,000 for 1960-61 and at $2,953,999,000 for 1961-62. The total figure for capital outlay excludes the outlay by state and local building authorities be- of current expenditures. The amounts spent by the authorities in four states, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania, totaled $220, 500,000 in 1960-61 and $221,000,000 in 1961-62. The 10-year trend in expenditures for capital outlay is given below for the years 1951-52 through 1961-62 by combining figures from the U.S. Office of Education and estimates of the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): Capital outlay Percent increase Percent of change over School year expenditures over 1951-52 previous period Kin thousands) от Rk SR сй $1,477,332 6% us 1999 SA оче 2,055,178 39.1% +39.1% (2 years) 1935938 acu SUIS 2,387,187 61.6 T16.2- (2 years) КОРЕЕ rete eode 2,852,747 93.1 *19.5 (2 years) 21959900 соо; 9 2,659,484 80.0 -6.8 (2 years) 1900981 vue eden 2,885,391* 95.3 8.5 (1 year) 1301-62 Ts dana 2,953,999* 100.0 *2.4 (1 year) Expenditures for capital outlay show substantial increases from 1951-52 through 1957-58, a decrease for 1959-60, and increases for 1960-61 and for 1961-62 at a less rapid rate than for the early 1950's. Interest on School Debt (Tables 11 and 12, column 7) For the school year 1960-61 the total expenditure for interest was estimated at $503,173,000. For the school year 1961-62 this expenditure increased to $553,031,000, a gain of 9.9 percent. The trend from 1951-52 through 1961-62 is shown below by combining figures from the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): 18 Expenditures School year for interest (in thousands) л کے‎ «Адак $114,310 dab e 153,884 29589996 Се. осо... 215,699 1957998 „„......... 341,922 1999-00 ee 459,238 1960-61 ....... booo 503, 173* E Sa лока 553,031* Percent increase over 1951-52 34. 6% 88. 199. 301. 340. 383. Onn E ы Percent increase over previous period 34.6% (2 40.2 (2 58.5 (2 34.3 (2 9.6 (1 9.9 (1 Since 1951-52, interest payments on school debt have almost quintupled. In years) years) years) years) year) year) 1951-52, interest on school debt constituted 1.6 percent of the total expenditures; by 1961-62 an estimated 3.1 per- cent of the total expenditures will be paid in interest. 19 т TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS, BOARD MEMBERS, AND SUPERINTENDENTS, 1960-61 AND 1961-62 1960-61 1961-62 Basic adminis- Board members Superin- Basic admínis- Board members Superin- State trative units in basic units tendents trative units in basic units tendents (elementary in basic (elementary in basic and secondary) units and secondary) units l 2 3 4 5 6 7 J O N A Se a eee ee See 50 States and D. C. 37,475 166,571 13,012 35, 330 159,049 12,923 Alebana ....40 2 090902 114 577 114 114 578 114 Alssha" Girne 29 150 29 30 150 30 AfÍSORA (e. oes eeocee 297 850 135 297 850 135 OE oe AS ~ 419 2,203 373 418 2,198 372 California „599999599 1,656 7,270 900 1,612 7,060 890 Colorado .............. 340 1,360 205 250 1,250 180 Connecticut ........... 177 1,370 118 177 1,370 121 Delaware .............. 93 384 + 92 387 45 а susie én soo 67 339a/ 67 67 339a/ 67 Georgia ..... c occ 198 1,131 197 198 1,131 197 Hawaii ...... 4. oco? 1 8 1 1 8 1 Idaho cose ioe clio o ooo 137 641 105 118 569 106 фу. Ва“ зами 1,607 10,249 1,328 1,552 9,924 1,350 Indiana" ...... 0 25v 900 1,100 211 888 1,050 218 Тома ........ ооо оооооо 1,575 10,000 571 1,364 8,750 517 Каваад .... УУ ТК ҮҮ 2,414 7,860 346 2,200 7,500 346 Kentucky .............. 211 1,055 211 209 1,045 209 Louisiana ccc 67 712 67 67 712 67 Maine «cccccecsaccceceve 460 1,550 119 463 1,570 121 Maryland .............. 24 127 24 24 130 24 Massachusetts ......... 378 1,630 252 390 1,690 242 Зра: 1,977 8,709 656 1,825 8,209 660 Minnesota ........5..5... 2,410 9,400 475 2,275 9,000 472 Mississippi ....... 50-5 150 750 150 150 750 150 к eee Te 1,732 7,455 554 1,600 7,035 550 ОРА РИТУ ААР 1,050 3,300 175 1,025 3,225 175 Nebraska .............. 3,560 11,950 416 3, 500 11,750 410 Nevada ................ 17 103 16 17 103 16 New Hampshire ......... 230 834 48 230 835 48 New Jersey ............ 588 4,486 323 588 4,486 323 New Mexico ............ 91 455 91 91 455 91 Nu Yotk .... ores io 1,292 4,859 297 1,275 4,935 298 North Carolína ........ 173 961 173 173 961 173 North Dakota .......... 1,070 4,000 139 1,000 3,600 139 DEDE LS e eur е АТА S uh 862 4,310 306 834 4,170 307 OU does tx se rr E 1,274 4,973 574 1,231 4,837 572 Oregon cccccccsescceses 510 2,650 205 486 2,538 210 Pennsylvania .......... 958b/ 12,082 193 956b/ 11,887 193 Rhode Island .......... 41 226 37 41 226 37 South Carolina ........ 109 710 206 109 710 206 South Dakota .......... 3,012 9,538 251 2,950 9,346 248 КИЙМ ..4,» rec es 154 1,010 154 154 1,010 154 CEE ee 1,531 9,157 1,047 1,488 8,928 1,037 QC qe umen 40 207 40 40 207 40 roo ЖР ЧИНГ hs 267 911 54 265 905 54 с 7 Soo, ccnp AN 130 660 117 131 660 118 Washington ............ 415 1,780 340 405 1,730 335 West Virginia ......... 55 275 55 55 275 55 Wisconsin ............: 2,400 9,400 414 1,700 7,250 414 We 212 845 88 204 756 85 District of Columbia .. 1 * Estimated by NEA Research Division. a/ In addition, 156 serve in an advisory and supervisory capacity but exercise no control over schools. b/ Operating units only. ل TABLE 2.--ESTIMATED SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION AND ENROLLMENT, AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, AND AVERAGE DAILY MEMBERSHIP IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS, 1960-61 Population Enrollmentb/ Average Average Percent en- Percent Percent ADA (col. 7) 5-17 years Elementary Secondary Total daily mem- daily at- rollment ADM (col. is of State of age, bership tendance (col. 5) 6) is of Enrollment ADM April 1, of popula- popula- (col. 5) (col. 6) 1960a/ tion 5-17 tion 5-17 years years (col. 2) (col. 2) 1 2 3 E 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 50 States and D. C. .. 43,881,109 25,436,897 12,052,584 37,489,481 35,672,900* 33,425,470 85.4% 81. 3%* 89.2% 93.7%* Alabama 899,614 469,233 330,099 799,332 Average annual salaries Instructional staff .......... $6,500 96,750 $4,028 $4,454 $2,815 $3,020 $4,000* $4,200 Classroom teachers: Elementary school .......... 6,130 6,350 3,673 4,046 2,550 2,740 3,250 3,440 Secondary school ........... 6,340 6,550 4,188 4,648 2,900 3,130 4,400 4,600 Total classroom teachers ............. $6,235 $6,450 $3,875 $4,305 $2,682 $2,880 $3,710 $3,910 Expenditures Total current expense (in thousands) ............. $4,575 $5,038 $3,140 $3,180 $74,246 $80,367 $2,095 $2,294 Current expense per pupil in ADA ....„«»«»»»+»»»ә»өвөөөөө”ө 449.00 480.00 244.40 244.37 145.00 159.00 326.00 345.00 Current expense per pupil in ADM 1... 2.006 000000000000 419.00 446.00 231.15 231.24 135.00 147.00 302.00 323.00 Total capital outlay (in thousands) ............. 699 613 560 1,890 3,604 2,763 35 1,000 * Estimated by NEA Research Division. vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv ———— — —— 1961-К1 1961-R2 1961-R3 1961-R4 1961-R5 1961-R6 1961-R7 1961-R8 1961-R9 1961-R10 1961-R11 1961-R12 1961-R13 1961-R14 1961-R15 1961-R16 1961-R17 1961-R18 1961-R19 1961-R20 1961-R21 1961-R22 RESEARCH REPORTS Rankings of the States, 1961. January 1961. 42 p. 75€. Stock 143-573. Salary Schedules, Classroom Teachers, Urban Districts 30,000-99,999 in Population, 1960-61. Public-School Salaries Series. February 1961. 79 p. 75€. Stock #43-574. Why Have Merit Plans for Teachers' Salaries Been Abandoned? Public-School Salaries Series. March 1961. 51 p. 756€. Stock 143-575. Economic Status of Teachers in 1960-61. March 1961. 52 p. 75$. Stock #43-576. Salary Schedule Maximums for School Administrators, 1960-61, Urban Districts 30,000-99,999 in Population. Public-School Salaries Series. March 1961. 60 p. $1. Stock 743-577. The Pupil's Day in Court: Review of 1960. School Law Series. April 1961. 51р. 75е. Stock 1443-578. The Teacher's Day in Court: Review of 1960. School Law Series. April 1961. 46 p. 75€. Stock 743-579. Salaries Paid Classroom Teachers, Principals, and Certain Others, 1960-61,Urban Districts 100,000 and Over in Population. Public-School Salaries Series. Мау 1961. 88 p. 75е. Stock 743-580. Teacher Supply and Demand in Public Schools, 1961. April 1961. 48 p. $1. Stock 743-581. Administrative Practices in Urban School Districts, 1958-59. May 1961. 73 p. 75¢. Stock 743-582. Salaries Paid Central-Office School Administrators, 1960-61, Urban Districts 100,000 and Over in Population. Public-School Salaries Series. June 1961. 83 p. 75$. Stock 843-583, Teacher Supply and Demand in Universities, Colleges, and Junior Colleges, 1959-60 and 1960-61. May 1961. 88 p. Single copy free while supply lasts. Stock 143-584. Salaries Paid Classroom Teachers and Certain Other School Employees, 1960-61, Urban Dis- tricts 30,000 to 100,000 in Population. Public-School Salaries Series. July 1961. 90 p. 75€. Stock #43-585. Salaries Paid Principals and Certain Other School Employees, 1960-61, Urban Districts 30,000 to 100,000 in Population. Public-School Salaries Series. July 1961. 91 p. 75$. Stock 743-586. Salaries Paid Central-Office School Administrators, 1960-61, Urban Districts 30,000 to 100,000 in Population. Public-School Salaries Series. August 1961. 103p. $1. Stock #43-587. Statistics of Retirement Systems To Which Teachers Belong. October 1961. 59 p. 50%. Stock 743-588. Salaries and Salary Schedules of Urban School Employees, 1960-61. (Summary of the Biennial Salary Survey.) Public-School Salaries Series. October 1961. 91 р. 75%. Stock 743-589. High Spots in State School Legislation, January l-August 1, 1961. October 1961. 86 p. 50¢. Stock 743-590. Salary Schedules, Classroom Teachers, Urban Districts 100,000 and Over in Population, 1961-62. Public-School Salaries Series. November 1961. 31 p. 50%. Stock #43-591. Selected Statistics of Local School Districts, 1960-61. December 1961. 66 ps 756. Stock #43-592. Salary Schedule Maximums for School Administrators 1961-62, Urban Districts 100,000 and Over in Population. Public-School Salaries Series. December 1961. Stock #43-593. In process. Estimates of School Statistics, 1961-62. December 1961. 31 p. 50¢. Stock #43-594. 中 RESEARCH DIVISION NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION WA atte 4 UE -- VP t “ 4 ` , = i f 7 š FIN * | ач "£4. и J - 1 f : m D y t * ы i : i " ۴ + \ deu ў < {git IC ' : , [^ [ ‘ ј нај ^ t M РА ELS 4 4 ¢ ‚ р J , ' ۱ л