RESEARCH REPORT 1960-R15 Estimates of School Statistics, 1960-61 ANS National EM pa e a —=—=—=—=—=—=—=— RESEARCH REPORT 1960-R15 Estimates of School Statistics, 1960-61 RESEARCH DIVISION National Education Association of the United States 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington 6, D.C. DECEMBER 1960 REPRODUCTION OF MATERIAL Address communications to the Publications Editor, Research Division, National Education Association, 1201 Sixteenth Street, Northwest, Washington 6, D. C. NEA departments and affiliated associa- tions may reproduce excerpts from the Report in their official publications without authorization other than this notice. How- ever, when quotations are used in publica- tions sold commercíally by individuals, organizations, or corporations, written per- mission must be obtained. In all cases, re- production of the Research Report materials must include the usual credit line. 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RESEARCH REPORT 1960-R15 Copyright (C) 1960, by the National Education Association of the United States. All Rights Reserved. President: CLARICE KLINE Executive Secretary: WILLIAM G. CARR Assistant Executive Secretary for Information Services: FRANK W. HUBBARD RESEARCH DIVISION Director: SAM M. LAMBERT Associate Director: HAZEL DAVIS Assistant Directors: VICTOR O. HORNBOSTEL RAY C. MAUL GLEN ROBINSON MARTHA L. WARE Administrative Assistant: VALDEANE RICE Publications Editor: BEATRICE CRUMP LEE Research Associates: JEAN M. FLANIGAN DAVID H. BARNES Research Assistants: DAVID IWAMOTO EVELYN S. BIANCHI FRIEDA S. SHAPIRO ANNA H. JONES ELEANOR DONALD Chiefs of Sections: FRANCES G. BRADLEY, Statistics GRACE BRUBAKER, Information WALLY ANNE SLITER, Typing-Production FRANCES H. REYNOLDS, Library Project Director, Estimates of School Statistics, 1960-61: FRANCES G. BRADLEY FOREWORD The Research Division of the National Education Association presents herein its nineteenth annual compilation of Estimates of School Statistics. This report includes estimates for 1960-61 and revised estimates for 1959-60. The purpose ís to supply greatly needed current data on administrative organization, pupils, staff members, and revenues and expenditures of public elementary and secondary schools. This project is a co-operative one, involving the state departments of educa- tion and the state education associations as well as the NEA. Estimates are first prepared by the NEA Research Division, using all available information on new legislation and current facts on economic, social, and demographic developments. The Division's estimates are then submitted to the state departments of education and the state education associations for verification or revision. All 50 states participated in the development of this year's report--some verifying or revising all the estimates and some only part of them. In the tables of this report, state figures which have not been approved, revised, or altered in light of the comments from a state are marked as NEA Research Division estimates. Experience indicates that in recent years the estimates of national summaries have had a high degree of accuracy, and state-by-state summaries, a reasonable de- gree of accuracy. Over the years the state figures have improved as the users of thís report and the estimators on our staff have gained experience. Nevertheless, the figures should be identified as estimates, not as official or final figures. These data should not be used in lieu of official figures after the Biennial Survey of the U. S. Office of Education becomes available. With few exceptions, which are noted in the report, these estimates are consistent in definition with the final figures reported later by the state departments of education to the U. S. Office of Education. The totals for the United States for 1957-58 and for prior years include 48 states and the District of Columbia. Alaska is included in the totals for 1958-59; and both Alaska and Hawaii, in the totals for 1959-60 and 1960-61. Figures for the Canal Zone, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands are given in Table 14. FRANCES G. BRADLEY, Chief of the Statistics Section, prepared the estimates for this report. The text was prepared by JEAN M. FLANIGAN, Research Associate. Sam M. Lambert Director, Research Division CONTENTS Bie AES 1990-01 450 1959-907, 17. cee duo vn o» eV tos e a A Ri TEEN uu roads enia Rx. wm "nA RA eRe See DUER DÜnfts ..2. e FR Claw tae A Song one eid Se o E RTT AM US. Pupil Population, Enrollment, and Average DOLLY Attendaneec)llu ausus euh ono ir ride thE teli PR caer Pees TEED GI "Age 1... clave bh dad ca A e es PERLE AAA 2c ccwspwicecs US cee ecesceaes PSs ten A nona pium. 2X 49 e RA n ae instructions lb Staft Members -;.22:232- 5.4.1434 AAA DILGER MOR OA e e AL AA s ze Teachers Lacking Full Certification ................ BERNER SORE KE" SEERE Es BREE NURSE UA A e b Y ET Fase quadam O »»x 5l ih "d OREO E+ FAMOUS AS PETI. zi sos 29943 v254 6s VM LL ati Lr SS Nis wan ec ab ar Ane bade * te POOL MODULE aan so cm ole bo) OS 2 meni cates LOtalibwpundiUunES As. vi ots x ad ir diia ds Larcmnt. BopesaddUDTAS 0... Fs PUR e aa STS PUES Current Expenditure per Pupil in ADA ............... ie DINAR PAD Aa an ue ED. SE RR ES RSS 4023 AE dn TICA Peer carr AAA DA D Tables 9 o9 9 » 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 49 9 9 9 eee eee 9" 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9" 9 9 * 9" 9 9 9 9 9 9 * 9 * * » * Un MJ KO cJ 10 10 12 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 Un HIGH LIGHTS: 1960-61 AND 1959-60 1960-61 1959-60 Change Percent of change Basic administrative units: FALSIG 40,148 -2,995 -7.5% Pupil enrollment: THURLES alc kh Ceiba thle tweak 37,244,284 36,037,937 1,206,347 43.3 Elementary 4. Ive Sse es ste do e six 25,265,620 24,538,843 +726,777 +3.0 Secoddasy. ¡Din id clave 6 11,978,664 11,499,094 +479,570 T4.2 Average daily attendance: 33,188,161 32,083,194 +1, 104,967 +3.4 Instructional staff: 1,526,079 1,464,930 +61,149 +4.2 Classroom teachers: Total 35 o a S VHS A 1,408,962 1,353,055 55,907 T4.1 A oiu. cxo2DR ET e" sod 857,353 827,875 +29,478 +3.6 rr wid Seow ce oh A 551,609 525,180 +26,429 +5.0 Emergency teachers: 93,917 93,543 +374 +0.4 Teacher turnover: 126,665 124,520 +2,145 +1.7 Average salaries: Instructional staff .......... $5,389 $5,159 +$230 +4.5 All classroom teachers ....... $5,215 $4,995 +$220 +4.4 Elementary teachers .......... $5,034 $4,815 +$219 +4.5 Secondary teachers ........... $5,500 $5,276 +$224 +4.2 Revenue: Total feceipts ..5.3 23434 5 GSEs $17,694,104,000 $16,558,153,000 $1,135,951,000 46.9 Revenue receipts ............. $14,778,972,000 $13,721,551,000 $1,057,421,000 +7.7 Nonrevenue receipts .......... $ 2,915,132,000 $ 2,836,602,000 $ 78,530,000 +2.8 Source of revenue: POGOERE cs kaldane bo > sane dues sone $ 527,366,000 $ 508,458,000 $ 18,908,000 3.7 Sta icin cae pho dmn da d $ 5,931,466,000 $ 5,424,635,000 $ 506,831,000 +9.3 BEARS SS Se Aes ere A, $ 8,320,140,000 $ 7,788,458,000 $ 531,682,000 +6.8 Expenditures: NERE A O $16,476,135,000 $15,283,847,000 $1,192,288,000 +7.8 Cutruntz Ags ir obs aree ln $12,929, 564,000 $11,939,219,000 $ 990,345,000 +8 .3 Capital olle a $ 3,094,621,000 $ 2,937,118,000 $ 157,503,000 +5.4 A A ode 20.8 su $ 451,950,000 $ 407,510,000 $ 44,440,000 +10.9 Current expense per pupil in ADA: $390 $372 $18 +4.8 GENERAL ADMINISTRATION The school systems are the basic administrative. units for the operation of local elementary and secondary schools and for contracting for school services. In complexity of operation, basic units ranged from one-teacher rural systems to large metropolitan systems serving thousands of pupils. A system may be an independent governmental unit or a part of a state government, county, or other local government unit. The governing body of the system is the school board. The chief administrative officer is the superintendent. Basic Administrative Units (Table 1, columns 2 and 5) In organization, the basic administrative units of the public school systems vary greatly throughout the United States. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the responsibility for the public schools of 50 states and the District of Columbia rests as follows: (a) with independ- ent school districts in 29 states; (b) with county, city, or town government in four states; and (c) with both (a) and (b) above in 16 states. In one state, Hawaii, the whole state is one basic unit for school operations. The basic unit in the District of Columbia is the District government. The number of basic administrative units has declined from 127,422 in 1931-32 to an estimated 40,148 in 1959-60 and to 37,153 in 1960-61. The number of Systems decreased 2995, or 7.5 percent, from 1959-60 to 1960-61. The trend in the total number of basic administrative units in the states and the District of Columbia is shown below by combining the figures of the U.S. Office of Education with NEA Research Division estimates (NEA estimates are starred): School year Basic administrative units dece RRIXTIEETICUUCUPPYTI UG S PEE 83,614 PEEL ai Mais ob a Sv 60k Chik Salm 70,993 Ree Pee AR IN ERA TA AS 62,969 A Y Ces A Alo nh. 54,859 a as A PA: TO DR 53,197* terio IA VLC RENE CV as a Ad ITO 47,594 A A A A A AN 43,507* CI hee ete PLP Ee Pe hr ee 40, 148* a LIA E Pledessnonilol 37,153* The number of public school systems in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 1956-57 was reported by the Bureau of the Census as part of the 1957 Census of Governments;2/ and the number in 1959-60, in a special study.J/ The U.S. Bureau of the Census reported 52,943 public school sys- tems in 1957 and 42,429 public school Systems in 1960. For 1959-60 the NEA estimated 2281 fewer basic operating units than the Census Bureau reported. About three-fourths of the difference in the 1959 figures is attributable to the difference in the number of districts reported for one state, Pennsylvania. The NEA reports the number of operating units in Pennsylvania, and the Census Bureau reported the basic legal entities, the districts. The Census Bureau figures also include public systems at the college level. Other differences arise from variations in time and method of col- lecting the figures. Board Members (Table 1, columns 3 and 6) With the decrease in the number of administrative units has come a decrease in the number of school-board members and trustees. These are citizens elected or appointed to determine policy and to exercise general supervision over the operations of the local school districts. The U.S. Office of Education reported a total of 423,974 school-board members in 1933. By 1959-60 the number of school-board members in basic units had decreased to an estimated 175,630. In 1960-61 the number of school-board members was estimated at 166,820. Superintendents of Schools (Table 1, columns 4 and 7) The superintendent of a school System is a professional person in charge of the administration of the activities of the local school district. The number of superintendents in basic units was estimated at 13,440 for 1959-60 and at 13,392 for 1960-61. These totals are smaller than the total number of persons with the title of “superintendent of schools" since they do not include state 1/ U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Public School Systems in 1960. State and Local Government Special Studies, Series G-SS, No. 44. Washington, D.C.: the Bureau, November 3, 1960. - p. I. 2/ U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1957 Census of Governments. Vol. E, No. 1, Governments ín the United States. Washington, D.C.: Superintendent of Documents, Govern- ment Printing Office, 1957. p. 21-22. 3/ U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Public School Systems in 1960. State and Local Government Special Studies, Series G-SS, No. 44. Washington, D.C.: the Bureau, November 1, 1960. p. 8. Superintendents of intermediate units (such as counties in the Western states), and a few other special types. PUPIL POPULATION, ENROLLMENT, AND AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE School-age population (5 to 17), enrollments, and average daily attendance are basic to the measurement of the size and cost of the public schools. State figures and the totals for the 50 states and the District of Columbia for these three series are shown in Table 2 for 1959-60 and in Table 3 for 1960-61. Population 5-17 Years of Age (Table 2, column 2, and Table 3, column 2) The population aged 5-17 years is the age group which is significant for the elementary and secondary enrollments. Trends in the Census Bureau figures for this age group are shown below as of July of the years 1950 through 1960. The total population of the United States and the per- cent the age group 5-17 years is of the total population are also shown. All figures are from the U.S. Bureau of the Census Current Population Report. The Census Bureau estimates shown here for 1960 are not revised for changes which will be made after the compilation of the 1960 Census of Population. Population 5-17 years Total population, including of age Armed Forces overseas Percent of Year, as of Number Percent Number Percent population July 1 (in thousands) increase (in thousands) increase 5-17 years over 1950 over 1950 of age + SE 30, 7308/ Ai 151,683a/ Dd 20.3% 9k A. s... 31,418a/ 22% 154, 3608/ 1.8% 20.4 HR sac. 33,1932/ 8.0 157,0288/ 3.5 21.1 1983-4... 5 34, 5858/ 12.5 159,6364/ 5.2 21.7 19089 5L 35,973a/ 17.1 162,4178/ pei 22.1 1945 ...... 37 ,342a/ 21.5 165,2704/ 9.0 22.6 A on 38,7722/ 26.2 168,1768/ 10.9 23.1 1939. 5 vss 40, 2388/ 30.9 171, 198a/ 12.9 23.5 1958. a5. ix 41,837b/ 36.1 174,0548/ 14.7 24.0 1959: S vus 43, 566£/ 41.8 177,103c/ 16.8 24.6 1960 ur 45, 044€/ 46.6 180, 529c/ 19.0 25.0 a/ Total of 48 states and District of Columbia. b/ Total of 49 states and District of Columbia. c/ Total of 50 states and District of Columbia. The school-age population (5-17) has increased from 30,730,000 in 1950 to 45,044,000 1n 1960, an increase of 46.6 percent. The total population of the United States, including the Armed Forces overseas, increased from 151,683,000 in 1950 to 180,529,000 1n 1960, a gain of 19 percent. The School-age population was 20.3 percent of the total population in 1950 and increased to 25.0 per- cent of the total population by 1960. From July 1959 to July 1960 the school-age population in- creased 3.4 percent while the total population increased 1.9 percent. Public-School Enrollment (Table 2, columns 3 to 6, and Table 3, columns 3 to 6) State-by-state estimates of enrollments for 1959-60 and 1960-61 are shown in columns 3 to 5 of Tables 2 and 3. The NEA estimates include kindergarten in the elementary-school enrollment, include junior high schools in the secondary-school enrollment, and omit junior-college enroll- ments. These figures reflect enrollment by organization level, elementary and secondary, through the end of the school year. The following figures show the enrollments for the years 1950-51 through 1960-61 in the NEA series. School year Public-school enrollments Elementary Secondary Total 19308] icc witless POSES raa? dea Ape 19,010,554 6,783,956 25,794,510 19210998 uxo vice e iv oh Rees 19,713,202 6,998,454 26,711,656 I9 3e E chus T ese 2 d dud Rm ox 20,121,866 7,410,569 27,532,435 1953-545: 4298 1-9 tbv 93 URAC 0's 21,029,384 7,887,319 28,916,703 218545538 55 31056 o eden P9 e c5 21,774,216 8,191,836 29,966,052 1939-90... ea roe A Vor e vos 22,519,049 8,622,289 31,141,338 SS. oa Le O EE aa vv o 9 we 22,986,381 9,282,078 32,268,459 E9807488. vi T EV AO os 23,560,341 9,776,108 33,336,449 18389239 ca aos da ds suo! v ura 24,125,361 10,826,916 34,952,277 CN tee gt gla ase TET T TT a eee 24,538,843 11,499,094 36,037,937 ON EEL NL 60's. aia vo sav 25,265,620 11,978,664 37,244,284 A total enrollment of 37,244,284 is estimated for the school year 1960-61. This is an in- crease of 3.3 percent over 1959-60 and an increase of 44.4 percent over 1950-51. The percents of increase in enrollment over 1950-51 and for each year over the previous year are shown below. Increase in enrollment Increase in enrollment over 1950-51 over previous year School year Elementary Secondary Total Elementary Secondary Total 1989152 cus 3.7h Le 3.6% Jes 5 3.2% 3.6% 1952953 vee 5.8 9.2 6.7 2.1 5.9 Je 1953-54 .... 10.6 16.3 T2: 4,5 6.4 5.0 1956555 .... 14.5 20.8 25.2 E 3.9 3.6 1955456 Jus 18.5 27.1 20.7 3.4 25.3 3.9 1956-57: .... 20.9 36.8 25.1 2.1 "m 3.6 1957-58 .... 23.9 44.1 29.2 > Po 2e 3.3 1958-59 .... 26.9 59.6 33.5 2.4 10.7 4.8 1959-60 .... 29.1 69.5 39.7 1: 6.2 34 1960-61 .... 32.9 76.6 44.4 3.0 4,2 32 Elementary enrollment increased 3.0 percent from 1959-60 to 1960-61, and since 1950-51 it has increased 32.9 percent. Secondary enrollment increased 4.2 percent from 1959-60 to 1960-61, and since 1950-51 it has increased an estimated 76.6 percent. Table 2, column 6, shows the 1959-60 enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools as a percent of the population aged 5-17; and Table 3, column 6, the 1960-61 enrollment as a percent of the population aged 5-17. In both 1959-60 and 1960-61, public elementary and secondary schools enrolled 82.7 percent of the population aged 5-17. The trend in enrollment as a percent of the population aged 5-17 is shown below: School year Percent enrollment is of population age 5-17 195 3l Aa rene omnia 83.97, RESI San te ned 84.5 BP ILS DS ile ade arto eats 82.9 RE oe ae 83.4 Ue ek ee ce ore d 83.3 o ds Li. en dhe diee 83.5 ISJO SE DV E Pit) ere 83.2 ROT ODS: 2e lur esas v 82.8 TESI V un evel m9. * v 83.5 a a r "DERE eae ie 82.7 I2320U DI Vua deoa ne 82.7 The two enrollment series compiled by the U.S. Office of Education differ from the NEA series. For the fall enrollment series the U.S. Office of Education collects the figures on an organization basis (elementary and secondary enrollments rather than grade levels K-8 and 9-12. These are the enrollments at the beginning of the school year. The NEA enrollment estimates are cumulative en- rollments to the end of the school year. The enrollment figures reported in the Biennial Survey of the U.S. Office of Education are comparable to NEA estimates in respect to time and method of computation but differ in that the U.S. Office of Education divides total enrollment into grade levels rather than into the organiza- tion levels of the NEA estimates. The NEA estimates of total enrollment and the total figures re- ported later by the U.S. Office of Education in the Biennial Survey .are comparable. The estimates of the total enrollment in the NEA series shown above and the total enrollment figures reported in the Biennial Survey series of the U.S. Office of Education shown below have differed only slightly for the years 1950-51 through 1957-58. The difference between the U.S. Office of Education projec- tions of total enrollment for 1960-61 and the NEA estimates for the same year is less than 1 percent. Kindergarten Grades 9 through School year through 12 and post grad- Total grade 8 uates S e ai ule dre HT I A 19,900,000 5,806,000 25,706,000 LINEAS e AR onn 20,680,867 5,881,797 26,562,664 $c jm ale an > eat ee 21,624,582 5,881,948 27,506,630 Ob ek Fo” ES aw o.» 22,545,807 6,290,245 28,836,052 R9 PD rms «na 23,471,000 6,574,000 30,045,000 13256 a 9 01» 30 24,290,257 6,872,586 31,162,843 Ne? up eap o» o 25,016,000 7,318,000 32,334,000 19597258:4 9. swat vise’ 25,668,820 7,859,771 33,528,591 PELA py vi e 26,683,0008/ 8,318,0002/ 35,001,0008/ 1950 80 Lon pio hs on 27,767,0008/ 8,403,000a/ 36,170,0002/ 1900961...» »w25:» ^» «» 28,559,0008/ 8,992,000a/ 37,551,0008/ a/ Projection. Average Daily Attendance (Table 2, columns 7 and 8 and Table 3, columns 7 and 8) The average daily attendance for the school year is the aggregate days the pupils were in school divided by the number of days school was actually in session. From 1959-60 to 1960-61, average daily attendance increased 1,104,967 to a total of 33,188,161, an increase of 3.4 percent. The figures below show the trend in average daily attendance by combining the figures of the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA interpolations and estimates are starred): Average Percent of increase School year daily Over Over pre- attendance 1950-51 vious year 19299951 222.9144 22,747,000 PE A 8951-392 à ee AES 23,257,000 2.2% 2.2% e A 24,451,000* rye 58 1933-5: zuo ke s re 25,644,000 12.7 4.9 19255 Lee tara 26,692,000* 14.3 4.1 Se | Kaere 27,740,000 22.0 3.9 a ee IA s^ 28,871,000 26.9 4.1 LÅ yo 7 dio - ar eo are 29,722,000 30.7 2.9 19230-2802. 24277... 31,042,000* 36.5 4.4 19299 Berpet yas 32,083,194* 41.0 3.4 1950-51. SS es wu 33,188, 161* 45.9 3.4 Average daily attendance was 89.0 percent of the total enrollment in 1959-60, and 89.1 per- cent of the total enrollment in 1960-61 (Table 2, column 8, and Table 3, column 8). Average daily attendance as a percent of enrollment is shown on the following page for the School years 1950-51 through 1960-61: 10 Percent ADA is of enrollment School vear 1950451:.14262. 19 ¿0.68 88.2% ISLA RTR. dar. 87.6 19525537. $5.7 SEE Ve TR. 88.8 1953955 PIES doe Ion 88.9 1954-35 arrastrar ida 89.1 LL AA 89.0 o E AA TN 89.3 da ESETT 88.6 18938959 :4 cr Sl. 88.8 195996075 We iio T es 89.0 IIA Irc aa 89.1 INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF MEMBERS The instructional staff comprises classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, librarians, guidance and psychological personnel, and related instructional workers. In these estimates the figures for the total instructional staff are closer to the actual figures than are the figures for the components of the staff. Over the years, the increased accuracy of state reporting has accounted for part of the shift among components of the staff. Another factor in the shift between classroom teachers and principals has been the gradual elimination of the position of teaching principal. The teaching principal, who was formerly classified as a classroom teacher, has become a nonteaching principal because of the consolidation of small districts or the growth of enroll- ments in districts. Total Instructional Staff (Tables 4 and 5) The total instructional staff in 1960-61 is estimated at 1,526,079. This is an increase of 4.2 percent over the revised estimate of 1,464,930 staff members in 1959-60. The estimates of the NEA Research Division on the numbers of classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, and other in- structional staff are shown below for each year since the 1955-56 Biennial Survey of the U.S. Office of Education. Instructional staff 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 Elementary-school classroom LeaCcDATN Sakse corr ooo re... 750,702 778,414 808,475 827,875 857,353 Secondary-school classroom COLCOAES sa aura we RARAS AO 440,163 459,529 484,248 525,180 551,609 Total classroom teachers .... 1,190,865 1,237,943 1,292,723 1,353,055 1,408,962 Principals and supervisors ........ 67,808 76,003 78,790 81,480 84,546 Other instructional staff ......... 17,481 23,951 23,400 30,395 32,571 Tükel-aLaff 2. a ERR ERE ro 1,276,154 1,337,897 1,394,913 1,464,903 1,526,079 Since 1950-51 the instructional staff has increased 53.3 percent, an average gain of 4.4 per- cent a year. The trend in the total instructional staff since 1950-51 is shown on the following page as a combination of the figures of the U. S. Office of Education and NEA Research Division estimates (estimates are starred): 11 Instructional Percent gain School year staff Over Over pre- 1950-51 vious year 1950-51 .....4.5e0ocececo9o ^os 995,241 "m oo 1951-52 cc dede Een 1,012,384 1.7% 1.7% OSA 1,050,613* 5.6 3.8 1953-54 oses osio iese Pse o eo 1,098,320 10.4 4.5 1954-55 .ooooocorccrroncsrnrsssoso 1,150,755* 15.6 4.8 1955-56 ..... eo^ eee 1,213,459 21.9 5.4 1956-57 .... oce eo etos OTTEET TET 1,271,191 27.7 4.8 1957-58 ..... ede eee ee dte coso 1,333,332 34.0 4.9 1958-59 seere eders 1,394,913* 40.2 4.6 1959-60 ...... oo ovo ooo oon 1,464, 930* 47.2 5.0 1960-61... 00 24. 6020 dine dices VT. 1,526,079* 53.3 4.2 Trends in the number of elementary- and secondary-school classroom teachers since 1950-51 are shown below in a combination of U.S. Office of Education figures and NEA Research Division esti- mates (estimates are starred): School year Elementary -school Secondary-school Total class- classroom teachers classroom teachers room teachers 19505155 cres vs 604,131* 323,486* 927,617* 1951992 $1.34». 619,804 343,060 962,864 15525 S S eov 653,573* 339,010* 992, 583 1859-86 uS e. . . 657,520 374,618 1,032,138 IO di E E OE 0... 690,987* 389,342* 1,080, 329* 1999-38 ^ $55 PEET EE 722,890 410,203 1,133,093 o im vb po tao 750,702* 440,163* 1,190,865* FIS Fs sok oov 778,414* 459,529* 1,237,943* 1528 299 54 aM» to ras 808,475* 484,248* 1,292,723* 19389600- 9445 20 929 827,875* 525,180* 1,353,055* 19605601 3500000 857,353* 551,609* 1,408,962* The elementary-school classroom teachers totaled 857,353 in 1960-61, a gain of 3.6 percent over the revised estimate of 827,875 for 1959-60. The elementary-school classroom teaching staff has increased 41.9 percent since 1950-51. By 1960-61 the secondary-school classroom teachers numbered an estimated 551,609, a gain of 5.0 percent over the revised estimate of 525,180 for 1959-60. Over the years since 1950-51 the number of secondary-school teachers has increased 70.5 percent. For 1960-61 the total number of classroom teachers is estimated at 1,408,962, a gain of 4.1 percent over the revised estimate of 1,353,055 for 1959-60. Since 1950-51 the total classroom teaching staff has increased 51.9 percent. The figures below show the percent of change in the teaching staff since 1950-51 and changes year by year: Elementary-school class- Secondary-school class- Total classroom teachers School room teachers room teachers Gain over Gain over pre- year Gain over Gain over Gain over Change from 1950-51 vious year 1950-51 previous year 1950-51 previous year 1951-52 352.25772: 2.6% 2.6% 6.1% 6.17% 3.8% 3.8% 1952353 2,4 244.2 8.2 5.4 4.8 -1.2 7.0 3% 1953-54 ...ooros. 8.8 0.6 15.8 10.5 113 4.0 1955-55 1. 15e e 25 14.4 25-1 20.4 3.9 16.5 4.7 1955-56. .... 5... 19.7 4.6 26.8 5.4 2272 4.9 1956-54 ne 24.3 3.8 36.1 7v3 28.4 5.1 1957-58... .. 2. .* 28.8 357 42.1 4.4 3355 4.0 1958-59 ........ 33.8 3.9 49.7 5.4 39.4 4.4 1959-60- ¿ninio 0 37.0 2.4 62.4 8.5 45.9 4.7 1960-61 ........ 41.9 3.6 70.5 5.0 51:9 4.1 12 Teachers Lacking Full Certification (Table 6) Standards for certification of classroom teachers vary widely among the states. Because of the shortage of qualified teachers, most states have permitted the employment of teachers under substandard, temporary, or emergency credentials. Other states issue provisional certificates which are not deemed substandard since all teachers involved are presumed to be working toward standard certificates. The levels of preparation and experience required for these certificates (all of which represent less than full certification) vary among the states. The temporary employ- ment of these teachers is authorized until the states can obtain an adequate supply of fully quali- fied teachers or until these persons become fully qualified. It should be noted that the number of emergency teachers by state is estimated according to the states' respective certification require- ments. Since 1950, many states have increased the requirements for full certification so that many individuals who would have qualified for full certification in a state a few years ago now qualify only for these provisional certificates. On the other hand, the number of teachers lacking full certification understates the broader problem of teacher shortage because it does not include (a) the number of unfilled positions, (b) the number of teachers needed to reduce class size and teacher work load, and (c) the number needed to eliminate half-day sessions. A full report on the broader problem of teacher shortage may be found in the NEA Research Division Report 1960-R7, Teacher Supply and Demand in Public Schools, 1960. The figures below show the ratio of emergency teachers to the total number of classroom teachers for each school year, based on the requirements for the standard certificate that year, beginning with 1950-51 (NEA estimates are starred): Emergency Total number Proportion Percent emergency Year teachers of classroom of emergency teachers are of teachers teachers total teachers 1950-53] 5 E 75,079* 927,617 L In 12 8.1% 19915358 x0 2 402. des 69,848* 962,864 1] in 14 rss 1952-33 S50 css mato: 69,626* 992, 583* l in 14 7.0 19539 Wee Cas de. 78,850% 1,032,138 L in 13 .6 1954-55 >t D de 80,674* 1,080, 329* |. iR 13 725 1935920 ied cox er 79,403* 1,133,093* ] in 14 7.0 1856-57 rias dfe 86,616* 1,190,865* l in 14 wes 1957-58: : secs Gusis« 94,732* 1,237,943* l1 du I3 avi 1958559 A 94,010* 1,292,723* ] in 14 EH 1939-60 2... v. ° 93, 543% 1,353,055* l in.14 6.9 1960-61 ..... e Ra Je 93,917* 1,408,962* 1] in 15 6.7 The number of emergency teachers has increased from 75,079 in 1950-51 to an estimated 93,917 in 1960-61. While only little progress has been made in reducing the number of emergency teachers, the percent of classroom teachers lacking full certification decreased from 8.1 percent of the total number of classroom teachers in 1950-51 to 6.7 percent of the classroom teachers in 1960-61. This occurred at the same time states were increasing standards for full certification. In 1960-61, of the teachers who lack full certification, 70 percent are employed in the elementary schools; 52 percent, in the rural schools. Fifty-two percent of these teachers have less than four years of college preparation. Instructional Staff Turnover In 1960-61 an estimated 126,665 persons, or 8.3 percent of the total instructional staff of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, will leave the public schools. The loss in 1959-60 was estimated at 124,520, or 8.5 percent, of the total instructional staff. These total figures for the nation are based on estimates of 46 states and the District of Columbia for 1959-60 and on esti- mates of 45 states and the District of Columbia for 1960-61. Forty-four states and the District of Columbía estimated that 1.4 percent of the total instructional staff would retire in 1960-61 be- cause of old age or disability; these retired persons account for 16.3 percent of the estimated number leaving the public schools in these states. Because of the great differences among states in the age distribution of the instructional staff and the varying provisions for retirement, no estimate was made for states not supplying information. These figures do not show the movement of persons from one position to another within the school district. Neither do they reflect the turnover within a state, that is, teachers transferring from 13 one school district to another in the same state. The totals do include instructional staff mem- bers who move to other states. A number of these persons will continue in teaching positions in the state of their new resídence. Teachers' Salaries (Tables 8 and 9) The revised estimate of the average salary of the instructional staff in 1959-60 was $5159 (Table 8). The estimate for 1960-61 is $5389 (Table 9). The gain of $230 represents an increase of 4.5 percent. These average salary figures are for the entire instructional staff--classroom teachers, prin- cipals, supervisors, and other instructional personnel. In the computation of the national average, each state average is weighted by the number of instructional staff members in the state. The trend in average salaries is shown below as a combination of figures of the U.S. Office of Education and estimates of the NEA Research Division (estimates are starred): Average annual Percent change Year salary of instruc- Over Over pre- tional staff 1950-51 vious year 1950951: ... SBS ct wes $3,126 Es s E 1951-52-21... 520 e 3,450 10.47 10.4% 19532653 PP rie a 3, 554% 13.7 3.0 139939 s ouo eme n 3,825 22.4 7.6 19565-5858. Lise d ie ove 3,950* 26.4 3:3 1933-36 ......» Aa. 4,156 32.9 5.4. 1995-57 soner e eer 4,350* 39.2 4.7 1957958 ...... s 4,702 50.4 8.1 1938-59 PAPA 4,939* 58.0 5.0 1939-60... 20 o LE 5,159* 65.0 4.5 19600561 ..... 0-2 v 5,389* 72.4 4,5 Salaries of the instructional staff have gained steadily in the past 10 years at an average annual rate of 5.6 percent. The average salary per member of the ínstructional staff in 1960-61 is estimated at $2263, or 72.4 percent greater than the salary in 1950-51. The real gain in pur- chasing power of the salary is reduced by increases in the cost of living as measured by the Consumer Price Index of the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. In September 1960, the Index (1947-49 = 100.0) stood at 126.8. The purchasing power of the average salary of instructional staff members in terms of 1947-49 prices was $2876 in 1950-51 and had advanced to $4250 in September 1960-61. Insofar as the Consumer Price Index is an accurate measure of the in- creases in the cost of living for instructional staff members throughout the United States, the real gain in the purchasing power of average salaries amounted to $1374,or 47.8 percent in the 10 years since 1950-51. For 1959-60 the estimated average salary of classroom teachers was revised to $4995, or 97 percent of the average salary of the total instructional staff. The revised average annual salary of elementary-school teachers in 1959-60 was $4815; and of secondary-school teachers, $5276. For 1960-61 the average salary of classroom teachers is estimated at $5215, or 97 percent of the figure for the entire instructional staff. This is a gain of 4.4 percent over the figure for 1959-60. The estimated average salary of elementary-school teachers in 1960-61 is $5034; and of secondary-school teachers, $5500. The average salaries of elementary-school teachers are lower than those of secondary-school teachers; however, over the past years the difference appears to be growing smaller. In 1950-51 the average annual salary of elementary-school teachers was 81.9 percent of the corresponding figure for secondary-school teachers. By 1960-61 the average salary of elementary-school teachers increased to 91.5 percent of the salary estimated for secondary-school teachers. The decrease in the difference may be the result of several factors: (a) increased preparation of elementary- school teachers, (b) more acute shortage of elementary-school teachers in the past 10 years, (c) longer periods of service, and (d) improved status of the position of elementary-school teach- ers. 14 Table 8, columns 6 through 10, and Table 9, columns 8 through 12, show by state the percent distribution of classroom teachers by salaries paid. The trend in this distribution for the United States is shown below: Percent of classroom teachers paíd School year Below $3,500 - $4. 500 $3, 500 4,499 and over 19532293 4. cr Eve» 27 62.07. 25.0% 13.0 1953988 ^. vu. v en ra 55.8 26.6 17.6 1934408 o EV oh. rs 48.5 29.2 22.3 A ie i A 42.6 31.4 26.0 1956-51. ax 4260 v tee 35.0 33.0 32.0 19527398 nr ween edes 25.6 3345 40.9 1958-89 oai eo cave Fio 17.0 134.4 51.3 1959960 oo ooo 12.8 29.7 575 1960-61206 see. rarere 9.6 27.2 63.2 In 1952-53, about 6 in 10 classroom teachers were paid less than $3500. It is estimated that in 1960-61 fewer than 1 classroom teacher in 10 will be paid less than $3500. In 1952-53 only about 1 classroom teacher in 8 was paid $4500 or more. In 1960-61, almost two-thirds of the class- room teachers will be paid $4500 or more, almost one-third will be paid $5500 or more, and almost l in 7 will be paid more than $6500. State and sectional differences in teachers' salaries are great. The following figures show the average salaries paid the instructional staff by region for the years 1958-59 through 1960-61: Average annual salary of instructional staff Region 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 New England .......... $4,981 $5,305 $5,523 Middle Atlantic ...... 5,662 5,771 5,929 Bout E AI 3,877 4,045 4,315 E ERP, FR 5,079 5,343 5,592 Southwest. +... 4,715 4,784 4,880 Nowehweee J.kxkesuéeske 4,219 4,480 4,666 A O 5,8428/ 6,233b/ 6,5672/ Total, United States 4,9398/ 5,159b/ 5, 389b/ a/ Includes Alaska. b/ Includes Alaska and Hawaii. In 1960-61 a difference of $2252 exists between the average salary paid in the Southeast and the average salary paid in the Far West. In 1958-59 the dollar gap was $1965; in 1959-60 it was $2188. In these three years, the dollar gap has widened, but the percent relationship has not changed. SCHOOL FINANCE The total revenue and nonrevenue receípts of public elementary and secondary schools are esti- mated at $17,694,104,000 for 1960-61. This is an increase of 6.9 percent over the revised esti- mated total receipts of $16,558,153,000 for 1959-60. The total expenditures, including current ex- pense, capital outlay, and interest, increased from $15,283,847,000 in 1959-60 to an estimated $16,476,135,000 in 1960-61, an increase of 7.8 percent. Revenue Receipts (Tables 10 and 11) In this series, revenue receipts include all monies received from the general funds of the federal, state, county, and local governments; receipts from taxes levied for school purposes; in- come from permanent school funds and endowments; income from leases of school land; interest; tuition; gifts; charges; and the value of commodities received under the National School Lunch Program. For 1960-61, revenue receipts are estimated at $14,778,972,000, an increase of 7.7 percent over the revised estimate of $13,721,551,000 for 1959-60. From 1950-51 through 1960-61, school revenue receipts increased a total of 148.5 percent at an average annual rate of 9.6 percent for the decade. Below are shown the revenue receipts for the past ll years as reported by the U.S. Of- fice of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred; double stars indicate a revised estimate): Revenue receipts of school districts School year Amount Percent increase Percent increase (in thousands) over 1950-51 over previous years 1959981: i. e. $ 5,946,828 spe vs oos que a ME C PF e C 6,423,816 8.0% 8.0% 1992453 A 7,265,115* 22.2 13.1 1909 IA 7,866,852 5243 8.3 19548985 de ¿Ti 8,467,128* 42.4 7.6 10839908 55. s eS 9,686,677 62.9 14.4 KR ie oS eva 10,431, 700** 75.4 Loa ye oe A PR 12,181,513 104.8 16.8 1958059 = 2225.0 e 12,423,756* 108.9 2.0 rr AS 13,721,551* 130.7 10.4 1900 8T i.v ee 14,778,972* 148.5 Vat The following figures show the percents of revenue receipts from federal, state, and local sources for the years 1950-51 through 1960-61 as reported by the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): School year Percent of school revenue derived from Federal State Local sources sources sources 1990»51. 2 ous Ë 99,4 3.15 39.7% 57.2% A ec - Me 38.6 57.9 1952-33. 22.» 9 "Ve » 2.2* 36.5* 61.3* 19996954 4. 0261» 4,5 37.4 58.1 1955-55. ¿RAP 2.5* 37.3* 60.2* 1955-56. 2.0 559» Fr 4.6 39.5 55.9 INSUMSE v.» anes 3.7* 39.8* 56.5* 195/938 S Veo $$ s 4.0 39.6 56.4 193589394... vow ah så 3.6* 39,5* 56.9* eb | EA è Je?* 39.5* 56.8* 1960-61 ...... v vs 3.6* 40.1* 56.3* The U.S. Office of Education 1959-60 estimates of school revenue show a total ($14,264,150,434) slightly higher than the NEA Research Division total, and a distribution by source slightly differ- ent from the NEA Research Division distribution. The U.S. Office of Education distribution is as follows: Percent POGGTAL ....- 4.6% SENEST PET she 40.4 RU Es y qii PEA 55.0 IO 03 > 100 .0% Nonrevenue Receipts (Tables 9 and 10) Nonrevenue recelpts include all monies received from loans, sales of bonds, sales of prop- erty purchased from capital funds, and insurance adjustments. The nonrevenue receipts were $2,915,132,000, up 2.8 percent from the estimate of $2,836,602,000 for 1959-60. From 1951-52 to 1960-61, nonrevenue receipts increased 140.3 percent. The trend in nonrevenue receipts is shown in a combination of figures from the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): 16 School year Nonrevenue receipts 1951058 cick sede duo dk. S $1,213,068,000 [1:55 PTT TN 1,824,004,000 1855-96. 2 .ivsbs oed ev i 2,356,189,000 MEN A A 2,514,676,000 MUSS RP cies 2,811,214,000* Vill AS TT 2,836, 602,000* 10-61 coria dardos 2,915,132,000* Total Expenditures (Tables 12 and 13) The total amount to be spent during 1960-61 for current expense, capital outlay, and interest -percent increase over the total expendi- is estimated at $16,476,135,000. Thís represents a 7.8 tures of $15,283,847,000 in 1959-60. The total expenditures for public elementary and secondary day schools as reported by the U.S. Office of Education and by the NEA Research Division are as follows (NEA Research Division estimates are starred; the double stars indicate revised estímates): Total expenditures School year Amount (in thousands) Percent increase over 1950-51 Percent increase over previous year INN PRA A SEES Age ae $ 6,520,252 ewe woe 1991-82 AAA A 7,313,805 12.2% 12.27 1332739-. 0o vp uw O EE eco 8,346,313** 28.0 14.1 lette a C (0 "TP TTTTPT 8,999,985 38.0 7.8 IND MIILISU PISA To RP 9,824,499** 50.7 9.2 1922936 Loos va NET ev» vee 10,854, 306 66.5 10.5 1996-97... 2$ EWA CE oo vw 11,994,992** 84.0 10.5 19397538. ,.. NES TE RAN 13,446, 512 106.2 12.1 A A A AA 14,253,239* 118.6 6.0 1939-60 .... oo VENUS ooo ex 15,283,847* 134.4 Led 1950961 ¿e ca eke o vec 16,476, 135* 152.7 7.8 Current Expenditures (Tables 12, and 13, columns 2 and 3) Current expenditure of elementary and secondary schools includes amounts paid for general — — — control, ínstructional service, operation, maintenance, fixed charges, and other school services at all levels of administration--state, intermediate, and basic local. Current expenditure com- prises all governmental contributions to the retirement fund and expenditure for school services including attendance, health services, transportation, food services, and others. This figure does not ínclude payments for capital outlay and interest or amounts spent for junior colleges, adult education, summer school, or community services. Current expenditure School year Amount (in thousands) $ 5,100, 520 Percent increase over 1950-51 € Percent increase over previous year MOSS MA A 3,444, 162 12.2% 12.2% 129349999 APO 6,235,000** 22.2 9.0 A O O RA 6,790,923 33.1 8.9 a ATA EAN 7,340, 300** 43.9 8.1 19539956... 5$ 224 2$ eov 8,251,420 61.8 12.4 3936-39-52. .2, 22 9*2 8,921,100** 74.9 8.1 1997238: .., 09 $59 5o »2» 10,251,843 101.0 14.9 1958-99. 5, .. 72 iia. 10,851,079* 112.7 5.8 1339-80. i na e kA vic 11,939,219* 134.1 10.0 22009813 2s gren nx 12,929,564* 153.5 8.3 17 The estimated current expenditure increased from $11,939,219,000 in 1959-60 to $12,929,564,000 in 1960-61. The figures on page 16 show the increases in current expenditure as reported by the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred; the double stars índicate revised estimates). Annual increases over the past 10 years have averaged 9.6 percent. In the 10 years since 1950-51, current expenditure for public elementary and secondary schools has increased 153.5 percent. Current Expenditure per Pupil in ADA (Tables 12 and 13, column 3) The expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance (ADA) for 1960-61 is estimated at $390, an increase of $18 over the revised figure of $372 for 1959-60. The following figures show in amounts and percents the increases in current cost per pupil in ADA for each year since 1950-51 (NEA Research Division estimates are starred; double stars indicate revised estimates): Current expenditure per pupil in ADA School vear Amount Percent increase Percent increase over 1950-51 over previous year 19399951. Loue doo noQ. O4 $224.23 gad ar E ease ése do ds 244.24 8.9% 8.97 IN o PET dado 255.00*c* 1357 4.4 LODE vore EE. maou’ 264.76 18.1 3.8 LEE rus A 275.00** 22.6 3.9 1229.96. ues pns oco PERLES 294.22 31.2 7.0 IMS 202.9. o kp 309 .00*x* 37.8 5.0 3291 ETTEN TT 341.14 $24.4 10.4 EN A A 350 .00* 56.1 2.6 a RS PARARE: Fs 372.00* 65.9 6.3 BRE: Qccovompesessil 390.00* 73.9 4.8 Current expenditure per pupil in ADA increased from $224.23 in 1950-51 to an estimated $390 in 1960-61, a gain of 73.9 percent. The median current expenditure per pupil in ADA in 1960-61 was $378. Variations among the states in expenditures per pupil are great. Estimated expenditures per pupil in ADA for 1960-61 vary from a low of $217 to a high of $585. Expenditures per pupil in ADA for the 50 states and the District of Columbia are distributed as follows: Current expenditure Number of per pupil in ADA states HOD A e rr TEM CE cu 7 250-299. 15 o — eee 50 4 300-340 iata vevécss cdi as 8 1902990. 25 eue AS PE Eyoss 10 O PS RAS FR O 15 850-499 iis. ar 4 DENM Cere Carine es ee e 1 A ANA ie 2 Capital Outlay (Tables 12 and 13, column 4) Capital outlay was estimated at $2,937,118,000 for 1959-60 and at $3,094,621,000 for 1960-61. The total figure for capital outlay excludes the outlay by state and local building authorities because the annual payments to the authority by the local school units are included in the esti- mates of current expenditures. The amounts spent by the authorities in four states, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania, totaled $220,900,000 in 1959-60 and $250,500,000 in 1960-61. The trend in expenditures for capital outlay is given on page 18 for the years 1950-51 through 1960-61 by combining figures from the U.S. Office of Education and estimates of the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): 18 Capital outlay School year expenditures (in thousands) ED Qoo AMPNVSPEISCHNDIFERDEN E $1,477,332 1939988... Co THAIS ves essc. 2,055,178 1935456 0569.40 423745 2,387,187 e "BO. swe tee re ve veces 2,852,747 KIR OE cub h baw sous Rn 3,060,375 2929 SOU vd 93 phu win" mue 2,937,118* PO ORE Vor onic Vio. De ge 3,094,621% The revised estimates of capital outlay for 1959-60 indicate a decrease of 4 percent from the estimates for 1958-59. Estimates for 1960-61 show an increase of 5.4 percent over 1959-60--a rate which is lower than the rate of increase registered over the years 1951-52 through 1958-59 when expenditures for capital outlay more than doubled. Interest (Tables 12 and 13, column 5) For the school year 1959-60 the total expenditure for interest was estimated at $407, 501,000. For the school year 1960-61 this expenditure increased to $451,950,000, a gain of 10.9 percent. The trend from 1951-52 through 1960-61 is shown below by combining figures from the U.S. Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): Expenditures School year for interest (in thousands) 1951-52 L.C ese. $114,310 1983954... Bebe es oS ss 153,884 0899-368. A A, sees è 215,699 1957458533 2. 5x SE by (v d. 341,922 1958439 «0579: 20 22V 9. é 341,785% 1959-80 1. V ve M bel so o s 407,510* 1220-61 2. rito evo rre 451,950* TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF BASIC ADMINLSTRATIVE UNITS, BOARD MEMBERS, AND SUPERINTENDENTS, 1959-60 AND 1960-61 —— "— —————À—HÀÍ( 1959-60 1960-61 Basic adminis- Board members Superin- Basic adminis- Board members Superin- State trative units in basic units tendents trative units in basic units tendents (elementary in basic (elementary in basic and secondary units and secondary units i 2 3 4 5 6 7 50 States and D. C. .... 40,148 175,630 13,440 FAN Aa 166,820 13,392 A HEER SE SES sce he 114 578 114 114 578 114 KIER Bere rey eh eee 29% 150% 29% 29% 150% 29% ASTUCIA. ¿<> osas 297 854 135 297 850 135 ASRSREEB < sraon ios. 422 2,202 374 419 2,187 373 CaliftloMía .... AN adus 1,721 7,525 924 1,686 7,420 94 COTO 55 cc ceeds 475 1,900 225 385 1,540 200 Gonmacticut rss 178 1,368 119 77 1,368 118 DATOS ran dd do» 94 389 44 93 384 44 A ¿us dildo «v2 « 67 3374 67 67 3375 67 aus ETT T 198 14132 198 198 i 2132 198 BENE oa. olia: dave. 1 8 1 1 1 A OA 150 670 104 137 641 105 L1 MES. ias oM 1,727 10,489 1,328 1,633 10,207 vo LL > rd okie uni. 958 1,186 208 957 1,194 211 LA 406.09 is maios 2,052 11,579 622 1,575 10,000 571 BOGOR cies A AN 2,607 9,000 600 2,400 8,500 600 acu auc AER TTE EM A oes 212 1,079 212 211 1,077 211 LIMEN ar ca 7 688 67 67 688 67 A AAA 456 1,500 118 438 1,450 119 A A A 24 126 24 24 128 24 Massachusetts .......... 372 1,628 249 375 1,630 252 AA one Vase ss 2,146 9,390 684 2,010 8,948 695 MIOS ry ae ae 2,579 9,525 476 2,400 9,000 475 Mississippi ............ 151 755 151 150 750 150 O v vi» vvv pss. 1,921 8,052 548 1,600 7,068 543 A PR Er v 1,055 3,621 176 1,050 3,500 173 Bebracke RR eS also 3,569 11,900 435 3,250 11,000 430 lu. ou A kee 17 103 16 17 103 16 New Hampshire .......... 230 823 4 230 834 48 UV. JORSÉN soos» we es 588 4,400 318 590 4,454 323 Neu RIEKER RR A A 92 460 92 92 460 92 A AAA A 1,329 5,439 302 1,293 5,415 299 North Carolina ......... 174 966 174 173 961 173 BorthBakota .. 2. 1,360 4,800 139 1,070 4,000 139 CELA a xd» «2 947 4,735 306 894 4,470 306 GRIGG occ ccqevevesses me 5,138 586 1,274 4,973 574 a 2 SR TT TETEI.II T TTA 572 2,884 203 518 2,672 206 PORNOVLVARED nocivos 1,0009 12,235 189 9309 12,000 190 Rhode Island ........... 39 212 38 41 226 38 South Carolina ......... 108 704 212 109 710 213 South Dakota ........... 3,066 9,708 255 2,988 9,464 250 Tennessee ............»* 154 1,010 154 154 1,010 154 TUERAS vice 0 0 o. voe day «d. 1,581 9,455 1,072 1,531 9,157 1,100 er ee 40 207 40 4 207 40 Vermont. 4:0 000.0 Im» sows 265 947 54 268 997 54 VARGA. 5200. cites ttp 129 660 115 130 663 115 VIII aca ea 414 1,800 335 400 1,780 335 West Virginia ........ ee 55 275 55 55 275 55 WESTON oes rt, 5 ANN 2,800 10,150 420 2,400 9,400 414 212 845 84 WYMAN DRNTYPTIUPTYS Den 223 879 84 FEE rai ya eI tte pe ET d T 1 9 1 1 9 1 District of Columbia *Estimated by the NEA Research Division. aj Another 167 serve in an advisory and supervisory capacity but exercíse no control over schools. b/Another 161 serve in an advisory and supervisory capacity but exercise no control over schools. c/ Operating units only. — HH a MM oo € 20 TABLE 2.--ESTIMATED PUPIL POPULATION, ENROLLMENT, AND AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, 1959-60 eeu — A mS Estimated pop- me ja 3 Percent total Average daily Percent ADA ulation 5-17 ee EI RN enrollment ittendance in (col. 7) is State years of age, Eleme - -5 7 T — — == ET 1] (col. 5) 1s of public elemen- of total July 1, 1959 wat USA MEO rA population 5-17 tary and sec- enrollment ti A: years (col. 2) __ ondary schools (col. 5) 1 4 * j + AS 6 T ur 8 50 States and D. C. .... 43,566,000 24,538,843 11,499,094 36,037,937 82.7% 32,083,194 89 . 07; REG. servo es d MpcOP (ud 891,000 470,635 316,634 787,269 88.4 709,047 90.1 AED TUE IP TRE D EA 54,000 32 ,465* 6,813 39,278* p ES. 34 , 000% 86.6 PN LL eso ska 319,000 235,717 66,955 302 ,672 94.9 257,836 85.2 MIA I e 467 ,000 240,474 182,166 422,640 90.5 373,614 88.4 A E A pde ne s 3,512,000 2,340,000 1,080,000 3,420,000 97.4 2,970,000 86.8 nr rr rr as wae a con dili, c 444,000 231,658 131,442 363,100 81.8 343,900 94.7 GuMBoOticut ...... 7 vci 541,000 332,400 130,779 463,179 85.6 425,006 91.8 o A Wes ve 111,000 45,399 32,362 77,761 70.1 72,673 93.5 o rr eo ves rU in ws e 1,068,000 613,226 407,235 1,020,461 93.3 870,511 85.3 era PRESSES SE ANER A 1,069,000 672,596 276,503 949,099 88.8 820,968 86.5 WEE ok avo o's cored bee s. e: 166,000 84,314 56,177 140,491 84.6 132,061 94.0 er, s ssi 181,000 93,318 69,521 162,839 90.0 144,448 88.7 CEE idas 2,318,000 1,273,429 410,013 1,683,442 72.6 1,504,203 89.4 DM pra A 1,170,000 752,969 236,290 989,259 84.6 890,333 90.0 BEN P nea Wiad wien Od cabo 690,000 390,716 195,360 586,076 4.9 523,707 89.4 MOOS. 5.0000 0b ecce é vy vive 530,000 366,150 115,000 481,150 90.8 423,000 87.9 MOREM essa dea eau 819,000 479,789 177,053 656,842 80.2 565,885 86.2 LOGISÍEBR rencor cdit 882,000 542,379 150,823 693,202 78.6 619,456 89.4 AAA PEEN 233,000 150,285 46,862 197,147 84.6 180,000 91.3 MEME AAA cantante 4 760,000 348,411 232,682 581,093 76.5 533,906 91.9 Massachusetts .......... 1,082,000 565,000 308,000 873,000 80.7 753,000 86.3 MISSAM RA E S 2,056,000 999,821 610,072 1,609 ,893 78.3 1,481,102 92.0 a A rs 862,000 411,000 271,000 682,000 79.1 627,400 92.0 Mississippi ............ 625,000 451,918 114,503 566,421 90.6 485,747 85.8 KM IN N: I 996,000 628 ,032 196,350 824,382 82.8 704,877 85.5 AA EE ee BE 181,000 97,2338/ 42 ,7008/ 139,9333/ 7.3 135,000 96.5 wai te E ESTEE kann DS E 356,000 190,568 85,234 275,802 77.5 260,390 94.4 DEVE uu sona xs ode E aw 70,000 52,242 14,173 66,415 94.9 55,223 83.1 New Hampshire .......... 137,000 70,779 31,966 102,745 75.0 94,564 92.0 MU OOS o, quesito ces 1,329,000 676,5233/ 338,1708 1,014,69383/ 6.4 924,500 91.1 Mn NOM Lite deme ius 252,000 141,688 89,301 230,989 317 201,606 87.3 cc E Oi ER 3,614,000 1,678,000 1,157,000 2,835,000 78.4 2,440,000 86.1 North Carolina ......... 1,253,000 844,599 261,078 1,105,677 88.2 1,003,455 90.8 North Dakota >s, odes cn 176,000 100,000 36,000 136,000 Stas 124,700 91.7 REG us ania ear eves aes 2,346,000 1,263,283 587,008 1,850,291 78.9 1,665,000 90.0 oo a peer ee ae 557,000 325,713 208,215 533,928 95.9 485,559 90.9 CRON euis Uke vds sd 450,000 288,638 ; 100, 134 388,772 86.4 345,041 88.8 Pennsylvania ........ 2,597,000 1,125,225% 789,271Y 1,914,4968/ 73.7 1,759,230 91.9 Ne Island 1. docs nv 195,000 75,7274/ 52 ,6794/ 128 , 4064, 65.8 117,776 91.7 South Carolina ......... 717,000 404,343 205,756 610,099 85.1 531,385 87.1 South Dakota: ........... 184,000 114,000 37,000 151,000 2.1 135,000 89.4 TUMEMESQO recono «oo 916,000 628,572 181,728 810,300 88.5 735,660 90.8 A Ss. FR 2,553,000 1,600,998 451,872 2,052,870 80.4 1,803,909 87.9 A T MER T 257,000 142,569 93,365 235,934 91.8 216,319 91.7 A "Civis duse d amd 93,000 52,108 20,714 72,822 78.3 67,438 92.6 VB ara 1,018,000 597,674 243,900 841,574 82.7 751,493 89.3 WVEBLESton- «es 707,000 384,930 224,105 609,035 86.1 548,100 90.0 et Virginia anke, > 527 ,000 289,215 171,214 460,429 87.4 420,503 91.3 HEDE +. «0560 be ERS 987,000 502,000 198,000 700,000 70.9 637,000 91.0 mo m ET A RTEIT TT TTE 87,000 62,298 19,146 81,444 93.6 71,862 88.2 District of Columbia ... 161,000 77,817 38,770 116,587 72.4 105,801 90.7 *Estimated by NEA Research Division. a/Enrollment not cumulative but as of a specific date. 21 ).--ESTIMATED PUPIL POPULATION, ENROLLMENT, AND AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, 1960-61 TABLE Estimated pop- Percent total Average daily Percent ADA ulation 5-17 enrollment attendance in (col. 7) is State years of age, 7 Public-school enrollment (col. 5) is of public elemen- of total July 1, 1960 Elementary Secondary Total populaticn 5-17 tary and sec- enrollment years ondary schools 2 3 A 5 6 7 8 30 States and D. C. .... 45,044,000 25,265,620 11,978,664 37,244,284 82.7% 33,188,161 89.1% A ai 899,000 482 ,000* 321,250* 803,250* 89.3 722,000* 89.9 MM os use S E 60,000 35,000* 7 ,400* 42 ,400* 70.7 36,600* 86.3 MENON. «dis esi ok 339,000 256,500 73,500 330,000 97.3 277 ,000 83.9 AERRRENS: e. A 463,000 240,701 182,339 423,040 91.4 374,003 88.4 Calffoenia Dit... 3,712,000 2,460,000 1,140,000 3,600,000 97.0 3,135,000 87.1 Guille. bo 466,000 242,759 137,741 380,500 81.7 360,900 94.8 Connecticut ............ 563,000 343,000 137,000 480,000 85.3 440,000 91.7 A ho cio ced 117,000 47,572 34,634 82,206 70.3 76,822 93.5 Noli BRS TR N I 1,136,000 647,520 437,727 1,085,247 95.5 926,000 85.3 nnus 5 ooo vans n 1,095,000 677,596 291,503 969,099 88.5 844,963 87.2 tt^ We peser ee 172,000 85,409 59,283 144,692 84.1 136,010 4.0 MMC Ld IA 185,000 96,118 71,607 167,725 90.7 150,953 90.0 Lus uU ee dm 2,404,000 1,324,366 426,413 1,750,779 72.8 1,554,203 88.8 oan t eae dete Ld 1,215,000 775,000 243,000 1,018,000 83.8 916,200 90.0 OUT ete a he d 705,000 394,620 203,335 597,955 84.8 532,000 89.0 Kenge SER JE 550,000 376,000 117,000 493,000 89.6 430,000 87.2 A ie aA Sr 828,000 487,836 179,884 667,720 80.6 583,856 87.4 Lai A eser 912,000 559,000 155,000 714,000 78.3 638,000 89.4 orca E RO METEO iR Rp 237,000 155,898 48,885 204,783 86.4 185,000 90.3 MET VOOR 21:2. e 27M 794,000 358,022 249,341 607,363 76.5 558,150 91.9 Massachusetts .......... 1,105,000 576,000 327,000 903,000 81.7 786,000 87.0 E RIA A 2,149,000 1,028,537 636,203 1,664,740 77.5 1,531,561 92.0 E uoces Pl 890,000 420,000 280,000 700,000 78.7 644,000 92.0 Nisetsietppl AAA. aves 629,000 457,000 118,000 575,000 91.4 495,000 86.1 A Sr er EN 1,024,000 636,197 204,52 840,723 82.1 718,820 85.5 ndi o. ad 187,000 100,6363/ 44,200%/ 144,836 77.5 139,700 96.5 A o E 367,000 195,000 88,000 283,000 7741 266,000 94.0 uas, E ca ES REO VEAS 76,000 57,100 15,150 72,250 95.1 60,070 83.1 New Hampshire .......... 140,000 72,384 33,322 105,706 75.5 97,600 92.3 > oves» sb 1,385,000 700,0008/ 350,0008/ 1,050,000 75.8 960,000 91.4 A T «o. de 263,000 146,638 95,115 241,753 91.9 212,453 87.9 MEME o mr a 3,729,000 1,726,000 1,184,000 2,910,000 78.0 2,510,000 86.3 North Carolina ......... 1,278,000 850,000 270,000 1,120,000 87.6 1,024,000 91.4 North Dakota A eros 180,000 101,000 36,800 137,800 76.6 126,300 91.7 S005 i cn Tn RES 2,446,000 1,331,900 626,782 1,958,682 80.1 1,762,813 90.0 P D T rar ee 560,000 324,000 215,000 539,000 96.3 490,000 90.9 TY ES IA SÅ 464,000 294,795 102,503 397,298 85.6 352,607 88.8 Pennsylvania ........... 2,658,000 1,133,5768/ 817,0153/ 1,950,59183/ 73.4 1,792,398 91.9 Rhode Island ........... 201,000 76,9638/ 54,5508/ 131,513a/ 65.4 120,000 91.2 South Carolina ......... 734,000 409,000 210,600 619,600 84.4 539,052 87.0 South Dakota ........... 189,000 115,200 38,000 153,200 81.1 137,000 89.4 ZEN: , rae ww awe 930,000 636,800 187,200 824,000 88.6 748,000 90.8 SERE vana al 2,659,000 1,657,540 472,427 2,129,967 80.1 1,881,021 88.3 Uli kin Vee mim dnx RE 267,000 145,939 97,832 243,771 91.3 228,105 93.6 NOME ris die ene RD i 94,000 53,393 21,498 74,891 79.7 69,370 92.6 SART revista cet Suis 1,051,000 625,000 254,500 879,500 83.7 780,475 88.7 Washington ¿mes coo cs 732,000 406,630 238,270 644,900 88.1 580,400 90.0 West Virginia .......... 525,000 282,000 175,000 457 ,000 87.0 417,000 91.2 MscguN iB 1 nnn Cis de 1,021,000 517,000 208,000 725,000 71.0 659,250 90.9 hoses REE TT ee 90,000 64,050 19,650 83,700 93.0 73,300 87.6 District of Columbía ... 169,000 80,425 40,679 121,104 71.7 108,206 89.3 *Estimated by the NEA Research Division. a/Enrollment not cumulative but as of a specific date. TABLE 4.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF MEMBERS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 1959460] 4. > Z Classroom teachers Princi- Other State Elementary school Secondary school Total pals and instruc- Total Men Women Total Men Women Total classroom supervi- tional teachers sors staff 1 2 3 E 5 6 8 9 10 11 50 States and D. C. ...... 119,442 708,433 827,875 270,811 254,369 525,180 1,353,055 81,480 30,395 1,464,930 Alabama ....... nnn nnn 877 14,407 15,284 4,648 6,850 11,498 26,782 1,158 ... 27,940 Alaska .....oo.«ooooo..... 316% 9437 1,259* 215* 226* 441% 1,700* 24) T 1,824 Arizonā ........ooooo.oo.o.».. 2,093 6,276 8,369 1,829 986 2,815 11,184 503 100 11,787 Arkansas ................. 569 7,431 8,000 2,805 3,662 6,467 14,467 553 23 15,043 California ........oo...... 14,000 56,258 70,258 26,000 15,130 41,130 111,388 7,966 3,657 123,011 Colorado ........oo.o...... 2,526 6,289 8,815 3,000 3,601 6,601 15,416 1,312 317 17,045 Connecticut ....ooooo...... 2,012 9,340 11,352 4,197 3,202 7,399 18,751 1,182 1,200 21,133 Delaware ..... 2 o ttn 237 1,587 1,824 933 703 1,636 3,460 175 — 3,635 Florida .........o.o.o...... 2,040 17,717 19,757 7,578 7,914 15,492 35,249 1,745 1,671 38,665 Georgia .................. 1,577 19,505 21,082 4,860 6,553 11,413 32,495 1,046 407 33,948 Hawaii .......ooooo.oo.o..».. 150 2,694 2,844 800 1,022 1,822 4,666 288 298 5,252 Idaho ....ooooooooooomoo.. 422 2,858 3,280 1,487 1,140 2,627 5,907 373 eee 6,280 Illinois ................. 9,825 37,806 47,631 11,578 10,736 22,314 69,945 3,770 2,055 75,770 Indiana .................. 4,170 16,681 20,851 8,341 5,560 13,901 34,752 1,980 379 37,105 Iowa ..... ee hn 684 13,945 14,629 6,230 4,479 10,709 25,338 1,567 228 27,133 Kansas sortere 1,530 10,910 12,440 4,368 3,432 7,800 20,240 2,230 674 23,144 Kentucky ....ooooooo..o.o... 1,972 13,358 15, 330 3,373 4,246 ,619 22,949 1,222 350 24,521 Louisiana ................ 1,653 13,848 15,501 4,175 5,577 9,752 25,253 1,729 104 27,086 Maine .... eee hmm hn 686 4,820 5,506 1,366 1,159 2,525 8,031 180 75 8,286 Maryland ................. 1,209 10,444 11,653 5,142 5,306 10,448 22,101 1,454 166 23,721 Massachusetts ............ 2,625 17,320 19,945 7,989 6,506 14,495 34,440 2,603 506 7,549 Michigan ................. 5,275* 30,367* 35,642% 14, 934* 9,597* 24,531* 60,173 2,838 1,892 64,903 Minnesota ................ 2,980 11,920 14, 900 6,050 6,850 12,900 27,800 1,350 600 29,750 Mississippi .............- 630 9,782 10,412 3,050 3,978 7,028 17,440 1,293 T 18, 733 Missouri ................. 2,780 17,947 20,727 4,831 4,52 9,357 30,084 1,726 I 31,810 Montana ...... err II 750* 3,734 4,484 1,440* 841* 2,281 6,765 601 37 7,403 Nebraska ................. 435 8,975 9,410 2,325 2,040 4,365 13,775 520 140 14,435 Nevada .....oooooooooo.... 259 1,295 1,554 565 382 947 2,501 184 68 2,753 New Hampshire ............ 306 2,201 2,507 820 702 1,522 4,029 204 166 4,399 New Jersey ............... 6,652 19,955 26,607 8,647 8,640 17,287 43,894 2,100 550 46,544 New Mexico ....... nnn 750 3,948 4,698 2,100 1,547 3,64 8,345 580 104 9,029 New York ......o.o......... 7,000 56, 500 63, 500 27,000 24,900 51,900 115,400 7,200 4,500 127,100 North Carolina ........... 3,155 23,610 26,765 4,315 6,132 10,447 37,212 2,101 eee 39,313 North Dakota ............. 485 4,115 4,600 1,260 840 2,100 6,700 220 150 7,070 Ohio ....... err 5,750* 34,450* 40,200* 18,100* 13,000* 31,100* 71, 300* 4,819* — 76,119 Oklahoma ........o.o........ 2,450 9,070 11,520 4,100 4,600 8,700 20,220 1,235 75 21,530 Oregon .....oooooomomo..o.. 3,726 7,234 10,960 2,553 2,006 4,559 15,519 1,015 753 17,287 Pennsylvania ............. 4,77 33,070 37,849 17,782 17,084 34,866 72,715 4,152 4,464 81,331 Rhode Island ............. 300* 2,364* 2,664* 1,290* 1,270* 2,560* 5,224* 347* 156 5,727 South Carolina ........... 770 11,535 12,305 2,810 5,390 8,200 20,505 539 98 21,142 South Dakota .......... 545 5,200 5,745 1,600 800 2,400 8,145 175 eee 8,320 Tennessee ....... nnn 2,113 17,32 19,441 2,875 4,440 7,315 26,756 2,175 ... 28,931 Texas ....oooooooooroo.o»» 7,407 45,693 53,100 11,206 14,160 25,366 78,466 4,585 1,778 84,829 Utah ....... eccoseosooooce 895 3,510 4,405 2,391 1,152 3,543 7,948 559 383 8,890 Vermont ....ooooooooo.o.o.». 169 1,865 2,034 513 460 973 3,007 92 197 3,296 Virginia ...........o...... 1,078 17,641 18,719 4,275 7,151 11,426 30,145 2,552 ... 32,697 Washington ............... 2,385 11,641 14,026 4,150 5,070 9,220 23,246 1,364 1,639 26,249 West Virginia ............ 960 8,280 9,240 2,493 3,607 6,100 15,340 1,820 180 17,340 Wisconsin ................ 2,925 16,400 19,325 5,100 3,675 8,775 28,100 1,500 … 29,600 Wyoming ......«...o........ 415 2,062 2,477 727 406 1,133 3,610 235 99 3,924 o 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EEE EES District of Columbia ..... 145 2,304 2,449 595 1,133 1,728 4,177 259 162 4,598 * Estimated by NEA Research Division SS 23 TABLE 5.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF MEMBERS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 1960-61 Classroom teachers Princi- Other State Elementary school Secondary school Total pals and instruc- Total Men Women Total Men Women Total classroom supervi- tional teachers sors staff 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 50 States and D. C. ....... 125,477 731,876 857,353 285,632 265,977 551,609 1,408,962 84,546 32,571 1,526,079 Alabama wcccccccccvshoccens 900 14, 775 15,675* 4, 790* 7,030* 11,820* 27,495? 1,205 28,700 Alaska: ..... o. eec ese eoo? 3407 1,010 1, 350* 230 245* 475* 1,825 135 e 1, 960* Aimee «500 twas cdo 2,281 6,840 9,121 1,993 1,074 3,067 12,188 548 130 12,866 Arkansas ....oooooomoooro.o 57 7,446 8,017 2,808 3,670 6,478 14,495 555 5 15,075 California ........ c 15, 500 59,000 74,500 29,250 15, 500 44,750 119,250 8,500 4,150 131,900 Colorado ...oomomm..oósos.» 2,800 6,500 9,300 3,300 3,800 7,100 16,400 1,400 200 18,000 Connecticut ...ooooooo.».».» 2,025 9,725 11,750 4,300 3,300 7,600 19,350 1,200 1,445 21,775 Delaware ...... 40000» c0 257 1,720 1,977 75 736 1,711 3,688 190 coe 3,878 Florida ..ccccvccscsvcccces 2,204 19,167 21,371 8,199 8,563 16,762 38,133 1,891 1,808 41,832 Georgi& ....... 00e oon 1,642 19,690 44,294 5, 175 6,988 12,163 33,495 1,075 425 34,995 Hawaii .......0 oco ooo 160 2,740 2,900 850 1,150 2,000 4,900 2 310 5,50 Idaho 4.2... 29092000900 500 3,000 3, 500 1,500 1,300 2,800 6,300 375 ,675 REI C———R— 10,130 38,978 49,108 11,937 11,069 23,006 72,114 3,887 2,119 78,120 Indiana ....... 0009» oc 0 4,360 17,441 21,801 8,72 5,814 14,534 36,335 1,990 75 38, 700 oin seernes reen ere 900 14,003 14,903 6,843 4,518 11,361 26,264 1,839 221 28,324 KanS88 5.0 roede 1,784 10,956 12,740 4,521 3,552 8,073 20,813 2,190 700 23,703 Kentucky ........ o ttn 1,950 13,780 15,730 3,470 4,299 7,769 23,499 1,286 425 25,210 Louisiana ....... c nnn 1,722 14,234 15,956 4,551 6,091 10,642 26,598 1,750 105 28,453 Maine n 705 4,904 5,609 1,386 1,180 2,566 8,175 180 80 8,435 Maryland ........ 500 ooo 1,280 11,025 12,305 5,518 5,697 11,215 23,520 1,540 170 25,230 Massachusetts ............. 2,700 17,840 20, 540 8,230 6,700 14,930 35,470 2,680 520 38,670 Michigan ....oooooomon.oo... 5,500* 32,000* 37,500" 16,500* 10,576* 27,076* 64,576 3,000 2,000 69,576 Minnesota ...... eo eot 3,080 12,320 15,400 6,300 7,050 13,350 28,750 1,400 650 30,800 Mississippi ............... 650 9,969 10,619 3; 179 4,206 7,381 18,000 1,200 » v» 19,200 Missouti ....... 2» ooo 2,850 18,430 21,280 5,020 4,720 9,740 31,020 1,760 ees 32,780 Montana ....». 299992220 750* 3,729* 4,479 1,520% 880% 2,400 6,87 600 40 7,519 Nebraska ....ooooooooooosoo 445 9,150 9,595 2,360 2,080 4,440 14,035 550 150 14,735 Nevada ..... oc eoe 286 1,400 1,686 620 413 1,033 2,719 190 75 2,984 New Hampshire ............. 330 2,219 2,549 904 767 1,671 4,22 210 148 4,578 New Jersey ....... o nnnm] 7,100 21,180 28,280 9,035 9,035 18,07 46,350 2,200 600 49,150 New Mexico .....ooooooo..».». 831 4,200 5,031 2,230 1,690 3,920 8,951 595 111 9,657 New York ...oooooooroo.oo.. 7,300 58,800 66, 100 28, 100 25,900 54,000 120, 100 7,700 4,800 132,600 North Carolina ............ 3,411 23, 500 26,911 4,330 6,217 10, 547 37,458 2,149 473 40,080 North Dakota .............. 500 4,000 4,500 1,280 850 2,130 6,630 220 150 7,000 OhíO .cveccccccvccereccceee 6,050* 36,300* 42,350% 18,900* 14,325* 33,225* 75,575* 4,996* ie 80,571 Oklahoma .........500 c on 2, 500 9,220 11,720 4,200 4,770 8,970 20,690 1,235 75 22,000 Oregon ...o.ooooomooncmo.?oss» 3,780 7,337 11,117 2,585 2,031 4,616 15,733 1,028 767 17,528 Pennsylvania" .............. 4,84 33,511 38,355 18,512 17,7 36,298 74,653 4,212 4,525 83,390 Rhode Island .............. 310* 2,434* 2,744* 1,380* 1,355* 2,735* 5,479* 389 172* 6,040 South Carolina ............ 785 11,800 12,585 2,840 5,465 8,305 20,890 600 105 21,595 South Dakota .............. 560 5, 300 5,860 1,620 800 2,420 8,280 175 40 8,495 Tennessee .......ooooo...»» 2,158 17,723 19,881 2,935 4,565 7,500 27,381 2,150 e». 29,531 TOMAS Nese ct cece ccecetecvce 7,630 47,300 54,930 11,760 14,720 26,480 81,410 4,740 1,900 88,050 Utah M "— 900 3,600 4,500 2,480 1,220 3,700 8,200 580 390 9,170 Vermont ...ooooooooocorsoso 17 1,886 2,056 535 47 1,010 3,066 95 200 3,361 Virginia ......... o tnn 1,100 18,200 19, 300 4,400 7,400 11,800 31,100 2,600 pie js 33, 700 Washington ......... ect 2,410 11,900 14,310 4,400 5,390 9,790 24,100 1,400 1,750 27,250 West Virginia ............. 970 8,260 9,230 2,530 3,660 6,190 15,420 1,825 180 17,425 Wisconsin ......o.ooooooo»». 3,000 16,900 19,900 5,472 3,775 9,050 28,950 1,550 T 30, 500 Wyoming .......oooooooo.o.»» 416 2,091 2,507 750 408 1,158 3,665 220 103 3,988 District of Columbia ...... 150 2,443 25.2393 610 zi 1,782 4,375 271 179 4,825 Estimated by NEA Research Division. EU ester C ARE oce óc EUER DL qu P TERTII ONES PENA A TER TEST m cr ME UT —————————————————————————————— TABLE 6.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF TEMPORARY (EMERGENCY) TEACHERS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 1959-60 AND 1960-61 1959-60 1960-61 bx Total num- Percent of total temporary teachers Total num- Percent of total temporary teachers ber of In ele- In rural With less than ber of In ele- In rural With less than State temporary mentary schools four years of temporary mentary schools four years of teachers schools college prepa- teachers schools college prepa- employed . ration employed ration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E 50 States and D. C. ....... 93,543 707.8. 517» 54%£/ 93,917 7072) 52%b/ 5275 Alabama ....ooooooooorosooso 3,450* d d 15* 3, 3007 d d 15* NG SET VERE: o cR « 61 90 87 64* 58 87: 80* 56 ARD y. o rotar radio. 50 7 74 35 0 .. py TY rer eee eee oso 262 53 72 90 250 52 4 88 CálffemniaSJ/ i. b