ADVANCED ESCIMACES of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools for the School Year 1957-58 Prepared by the RESEARCH DIVISION National Education Association of the United States 1201 Sixteenth Street, Northwest, Washington 6, D. C. November 1957 Single copy, 25 cents Contents Explanation LBOC.CO60060000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Spotlighting 1957-58 Lo ne. rn... mm... ...0..0.... 0.00... .00000000:.n0.u0.u.0.u.00000: 00000. N General Administretion *9909900909229909994099920949909099049909900909000902992209792€ Basic Administrative Units ?9*9960009909020900909922€092099902920909992999099999295 Board METIDETS 6,eeoscecccoccececceooococesetcocooccictseiovoccccon Superintendents of Schools BO. ..ao rms. .Óómon.o...0.n0.n..0..0.0000.0.unx0u00.u.un.0..0000 . WWW w Instructional Staff Members e90009090009000909009000900090950909090000000090 Total Instructional Staff ... Emergency Teachers seccccccces Type and Location of Teacher Shortage s sss. crec oe essee daerenn ces B . B LI ^ E L] * B * * Li > . e e . B . . LI . LI D B . B t . . . . . . . . ^ Why Teachers Lea AVE ,5»5.»c00«200ce0c92009992900909009009«9909090900099999999 Needed Additional Supply 165OAO.o..o..e...m.......0.0.0.0.0.0..0...00600N000000.u0nu0.x00000 H2 O «O0 -J IMA & Teacher miata ion *9990909»994992090909909984992609909999909990900909090902090092*70999278 1l Teac chers Salaries *99"999999999999998299299999999999»9994990900909090599929*29€ 1 Pupil Enrolments 1LOrce..re.. e... e... nm. mo... nr .e.”.em..e..c<.”.”... HEHEHE EERE E TERE 14 School Finance 1B.050005500000000000000010000000000100000000000000000000000 qu Revenue Receipts "99999999999 9*29999929*9?992»9*999?9292999»999»9»99?9»929»2929292299292292^9^9 16 Nonreyenus NSSSAPES .. order rr PURevsesocseooesceóceoeccocoosaveeee b Expenditures "9999999799999 999?952599299252»2999?»99299?9?»9?999999?522»9299929929292909292292292^9?^9*9* PY Current Expense 1B'O056.0060055100510500000000000000000500000000000000000000000000 18 Current Expimse Por Puyll im ADA ist sesvdesiades o AAA 18 Tables l. Estimated Number of Easic Administrative Units, Board Members, and Superin tenden its, 1956-57 and 1957-58 ?999099099099»9000009090209999 20 2, Estimated Number of Instructional Staff Members in Public Elementary and Seco ndar y Schools, 1956-57 cs. n.o.... e... ..e...... 21 3. Estimated Number of Instructional Staff Members in Public EN and Secondary Schools, 1957-58 .sooorooccrcconcno.. 22 4, Estimated Number of Lam cuts (Emergency) Teachers, 19 156- 57 and 1957-58 BO 1M.4.w406000510000000000000000000000000000000000 23 5. Estimated Number of Public-School Teachers Leaving Teaching, by Reason for Leaving 1956-57 and 1957-58 .cccccccccccccccccecs 24 . Estimated Average Salaries and Purchasing Power, 1957-58 ........ 25 . Estimated Distribution of Classroom Teachers! Salaries, 1957-58.. 26 8. Estimated Revenue Receipts (in thousands), 1956-57 and 1957-58 .. 27 9. Estimated Receipts and Expenditures, 1956-57 ..ccccccccccccccccecs 28 10, Estimated Receipts and Expenditures, 1957-58 wcccccccccccccccccece 29 11, Estimated Pupil Enrolment, 1956-57 and 1957-58 ccccccweeccccccces 30 12, Estimated Extent of Teacher Shortage and Status of Teacher-Education Enrolments, cde A A TT 31 13, Estimates for Alaska, Canel Zone, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands, ] 956 -57 and 1957- 58 *"**9*999?999292902909999999999992292^9?^2909 32 N i Explanation These advance estimates are compiled to fill the need for current data 414 $2 Y A on enrolments, suppl} f and laries of instructional staff, and revenues and expenditures of state public elementary and secondary schools. is re- port is the sixteenth in a series of annual estimates begun in ] . 1001 year 1957-58 are based on trends of pre- the states, economic and social conditions, expert opinion. In most cases, these figures have been d by the state departments of education» The figures given for the school year 1956-57 are revisions of last year's estimates, T Previo: s that for the national degree of accuracy; for the state by 2 summaries these state summaries, a reasonable pa accuracy. Therefore, these figures ot official or final figures. Nor jf official figures after the official (0 IPA rs nee 7 Tn 1D) | ^od A r Lassroom teachers: ,240,424 - up ho: over 1956-57 Emergency te 37,319 - up 0.8% over 1956-57 Teacher turnover: 116,000 - up 0.7% over 1956-57 “Tocernn tor nas. ; E ^ 2. 78 vLassrc vteacners: 0 70 = UD f Revenue receipts: 211.] 3 (0 An 4 a vif 1 1054-57 nevenue ecelpus:; elLl,142, Mahe y DN u je (P OVer 1950-5 / I r 0114171 T ThAe Le Es 3 E E Expense per pupil in ADA: ¿320 - up 6.7% over 1956-57 General Administration Administrative Units (Table 1, Columns 2 and 5) fo v do Q In organization, the basic administrative units of public-school sys- tems vary thruout the United States. According to the 1957 Census of Govern- nents ,2/ the responsibility for the public schools of the 48 states rests as follows: (a) with independent school districts in 29 states; (b) with county, city, or town governments in 4 states; and (c) with both (a) and (b) above in 15 states. The number of school districts has declined from 127,244 in 1931-32 to an estimated @9,477)in 1957-58. The number of basic units in/1956-57)was estimated at/53,197y Board Members (Table 1, Columns 3 and 6) With a decrease in the number of administrative units has come a de- crease in the number of schoolboard members and trustees, These are the lay persons who are elected or appointed to determine policy and to exercise general supervision over the operations of the local school districts. In 1933 the U. S. Office of Education reported a total of 423,974 schoolboard members, By 1956-57 the number of board members was estimated at 207,908. By 1957-58 the number of board members was estimated at 198,108. Superintendents of Schools (Table 1, Columns 4 and 7) The superintendent is & professional person in charge of the direction of the activities of the local school district. The number of superintend- ents was estimated at 14,437 for 1956-57 and at 13,765 for 1957-58. These totals are smaller than the total number of persons with the title of 1/ U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1957 Census of Governments. Vol. 1, No. 1, Governments in the United States, Washington, D, C.: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 1957. p. 3. -4L- "superintendent of schools" since they do not include superintendents of "intermediate units" (such as counties in the Western states) and a few other ao . special type H ^" istructional Staff Members The term instructional staff includes principals, classroom teachers, supervisors, librarians, and guidance and psychological personnel. Total Instructional Staff (Tables 2 and 3) ) : 7 The estimated total instructional staff for 1957-58 is 1,329;55t. This / ao is an increase of 4; percent over the estimated total for the year 1956-574 L The estimates of NEA Research Division on the number of classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, and other instructional staff are shown below for each year since the last available biennial survey of the U. S. Office of Education (1953-54): Instructional staff 1954-55 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 Elementary classroom 77756» A dae d wow aov 690, 987 718,772 750,702 780,247 Secondary classroom Vig (1f VORCDETS cccovcescccocveoccee 389,342 408,329 440,163 4605479 Principals and supervisors ... 60,832 64,620 67,808 26-799 Other instructional staff .... 9,594 11,369 17,481 18,328 Total soooporororororsrso 1,150,755 1,203,090 1,276,154 Y.329,551 Over the past nine years the total instructional staff has increased 43.2 percent or on an average of 4 percent a year. The lO-year trend in the total instructional staff is shown on the next page by combining official data of the U. S, Office of Education with Research Division estimates (estimates are starred): - 5- Percent gain Instructional Over pre- Over School year staff vious year 1948-49 Ge TAY AS Ls dn saa E BS psu 928,655 gee ets LNMDO O DA 962,174 3.6% 3.6% ESSI y aawe dde eso e dina ie 995, 241 3.4 j^. 1951-599 155v543 eee» oe S 1,012,384 are 9.0 PES puoi E Me e 1,050,613* 220 1353 2059-58 o's om deitas ki nod 1,098,320 eS 18.3 LAN A e 1,1507759& 4.8 23.9 cs O ERA RI CITE 1,203 ,090* 4.5 29.6 13990 Ud AN S EETAS A E omnis ca 1,276,154* p BT et 4,2 4272 + 1957"88 correr ere. 1,329,551* Emergency Teachers (Table 4) Standards for certification of teachers vary widely among the states. Because of the acute shortage of qualified teachers, most states have per- mitted the employment of teachers under substandard or emergency credentials. The levels of preparation and experience required for emergency certification also vary among the states. These emergency teachers are filling in until the state has an adequate supply of fully qualified teachers. It should be noted that the state officials estimated the number of emergency teachers according to their respective definitions of this type of certificate. The number of emergency teachers understates the broader problem of teacher shortage because it does not include (a) the number of unfilled posi- tions and (b) the number of teachers needed to reduce class size and teacher work load, The figures on page 6 show the ratio of emergency teachers to the total number of classroom teachers for each school year beginning with 1948-49. In the past nine years the number of emergency teachers has been reduced numerically, and the ratio to the total number of teachers employed is more favorable. However, in the past six years the number of emergency teachers has increased steadily in about the same proportion as the number of class- room teachers, Columns 3, 4, 7, and 8 of Table 4 show for each state where the practice of employing emergency teachers is most prevalent for the years 1956-57 and 1957-58. For both these years, about 3 out of 4 of the total number of emergency teachers were teaching in elementary schools. About 2 out of 3 were teaching in rural areas, Emergency Total number of Year teachers classroom teachers Ratio ION dais vaa: 400, 4D 865,178 (Est.) 1:8 1949-50 ecccccccccceore 95,146 904,439 1:10 1950-51-02» 4009 oov 75,079 927,617 1:12 LISTA arar o... 69,848 956,458r , 1:14 1952-53. ce eo oce ee ec 69,626 992,582. 1:14 1953-54 ..ecococo ceo 78,85Q 1,024,747 ' 1:13 1954-55 ccccccccccccces 80,674 1,080,329 1:13 1955=56. ,Josveeesocccoo 79,403 1.127102 1:14 1956-57 ccccccccocvecce 86,616 1,190,865 1:14 1957-58. coocoenoroscrone. Bn 37 4 1,24504,4524 /. te 245 MN. Y a 2 There are several reasons for the prevalence of emergency teachers in elementary schools as opposed to secondary schools and in rural schools as opposed to urban schools: (a) The salary schedules of secondary schools and urban schools are higher than those of elementary schools and rural schools. (b) In regard to elementary schools versus secondary schools, the postwar wave of increased enrolments due to the increased birth rate has affected enrolments in the elementary schools for about lO years. Hence the shortage of teachers to staff elementary classrooms has been more acute, The influx of increased enrolments is just beginning in the secondary schools. No doubt, within the next two years, unless secondary teaching positions are made more attractive, the number of emergency teachers in the secondary schools may be expected to increase. Columns 5 and 9 of Table 4 show that for both 1956-57 and 1957-58, about 3 out of 5 of these emergency teachers had less than four years of college. Type and Location of Teacher Shortage (Table 12) The state officials estimated the extent of the teacher shortage for 1957-58 in terms of "some," "small," and "large" by type and location of the shortage as follows (no information was available for Iowa; the District of Columbia has no rural schools and Rhode Island has no rural secondary schools): Number of states report- Type and location of shortage ing teacher shortage as: Some Small Large Rural teachers: Elementary cecccccscccccccccccccccccccccccces 30 2 15 Secondary .o..coccccocccccccccceccccccececcce 36 9 ji Special* ...6..000coc000c000000000020c0006c00 36 2 8 Urban teachers Elementary cccccccdcccecvcccccsovesesecceses 29 13 6 Secondary cceocccccccccccccccccsccccccccccces 21 27 ... Special? .scoccocnrncconsicncoscnrscrcins. 32 10 6 * "Special" refers to such fields as industrial arts and physical educa- tion. Here, too, the teacher shortage appeared to be more acute in the elemen- tary schools and most acute in the rural elementary schools. For 1957-58, the shortage of elementary-school teachers was large in rural districts in 15 states and large in urban districts in six states. The shortage of secondary-school teachers was large in rural districts in one state and in no urban districts of any state, The problems of eliminating the shortage of teachers and reducing the number of emergency teachers hinge on two factors: (a) increasing the reten- tion rate for qualified teachers and (b) preparing more teachers in our in- stitutions of higher education, Why Teachers Leave (Table 5) Forty-two states reported estimates of the number of teachers leaving the profession in 1956-57 and in 1957-58. These figures do not measure the XS turnover within a state--the transfer of teachers from one school to another. The following assumptions for the national picture are based on the data for 42 states: 1/7 l. About 446 thousand teachers will Leave Acaching in 4957-58. This 7% is a turnover of 87 percent. About 1157000 teachers left in 31956=57. This is a turnover of 9-9 percent. d y Y Co 2, About 19 percent of the teachers who leave the profession in 1957-58 will migrate to another state. Some of these will continue to teach. 3. About 31 percent of the teachers who leave in 1957-58 will leave for marriage or family reasons. Some of these may be expected to return to teaching in later years. \ 4. About 15 percent of those who leave will retire because of dis- ability or age. ¢ 5. About 13 percent will leave to enter other types of employment. 6. About 22 percent will leave for miscellaneous reasons including attendance at college, travel, dissatisfaction with teaching condi- tions, and temporary or permanent dislocation. As we learn more about teachers and their work, the real problems of the local school districts in retaining the qualified teacher become appar- ent. The teacher is highly mobile. He can transfer to another teaching job with a minimum loss of proficiency. Higher salaries and better working con- ditions in another school system are great inducements to the teacher to transfer, The school systems which pay above the average in salaries are usually the same systems which offer the best working conditions. Qualified college graduates in education, as well as experienced teach- ers, have skills which are highly attractive to other types of employers. Vocational, mathematics, and science teachers are especially likely to leave (or never enter) the profession because of higher salaries paid in private industry. Moreover, the skills of all good experienced teachers and teacher graduates in management, public speaking, writing, etc., make teachers highly desirable employees in several other fields of employment, L| NO) L| Almost 3 out of 4 classroom teachers are women and about 2 out of 3 women teachers are or have been married. A permanent or temporary retire- ment for family reasons can be expected for the women teachers. ; e a 1onal ouppl Needed Addit Estimates of the needed additional supply of teachers must accgunt for (a) new teachers needed because of increased enrolments; (b) new/teachers needed to replace emergency\teachers; (c) new teachers needed/to reduce class size, and (d) new teachers neéded to replace those who leave the profession. Many schools now do not have staff to provide necessary/services, such as remedial work, or a basic part of the curriculum, sugh as science and mathe- matics. Teachers necsásary to add these services Must be included in the estimate of the need. In the 1957 teacher suppYy and demand report2/ the demand for teachers, as of September 1956 was/summarized as follows: Replacements ..... 00 eee fee 95, 000 Relieve overcrowding .4...M.. 30, 000 Serve added enrolment /....... 25,000 Add necessary services .....X 12,500 Replace the unprepayed ...... 65,000 Total EP PIERO A ER LL The same study reported that 97,586 college graduates in the class of )56 were qualified for teaching Ao the extent of at Veast 120 semester hours / A / | (4 years). Information about the previous years graduates (1955) indicates that only about 70 percent of/those qualified were actually employed the next 4 \ year as teachers. ! \ A Yet all classrooms aye staffed. The shortage is met by recruiting emer- gency teachers, by incrgasing class size, and by having some \pupils attend \ school less than a full day. \ / / / \ 2/ National Edugation Association, Research Division, "The 1957 Teacher upply and Demand Report." Journal of Teacher Education 8: 17-68; March 5 DC Su 1957. -10- Teacher Education (Table 12) Table 12 shows for each state the estimates of teacher education enrol- ments for 1957-58 as compared with 1940-41 (column 8) and 1956-57 (column 9) in terms of "larger," "same," and "smaller." Officials in 31 states esti- mated that in 1957-58 enrolments in teacher education institutions were "larger" than for the previous year 1956-57. Officials in 16 states indi- cated that enrolments were about the same as for the previous year (1956-57). The following data summarizes the trend of enrolments in teacher education for each year beginning with 1948-49 as compared with 1940-41: Number of states estimating Estimate made for teacher education enrolments as school year Smaller S ame Larger than in as in than in 1940-41 1940-41 1940-41 LAIR io eu RA id dida Ere qid d 9 14 25 TUM ircecunaveecseuweoked Vs 2 13 33 o 01e s ovowane denve.es E 5 E 32 i V oda eique Heinen sed» ips 3 19 26 daa Ans we A se dod Mega 4 L4 27 EIU ARANA A Oks ons s 6 18 24 TEES. 22» circa ARO 9 9 30 25945 A A occ oo 4 6 38 LOI Mo, us uice cota v9 V onto diate 3 3 42 DEP ME PS es mora o 1 4 43 As of 1957-58 teacher education enrolments at least equaled prewar enrol- ments in all except one state, In 43 states teacher education enrolments are reported as larger than prewar enrolments. Columns 10 and 11 of Table 12 give the estimates of state officials on the outlook for a balanced supply of graduate teachers within the next three years. This would include graduates thru 1960. No state is expecting an oversupply of either elementary- or secondary-school teachers. Only one state is anticipating a balanced supply of elementary-school teachers and only six states can look forward to a balanced supply of secondary-school teachers, These estimates of the potential supply of new teachers to meet increased e a A enrolments should be fairly accurate for the short range of three years since the children who will be in school in the next three years are already born and the teacher education students are already enrolled in at least the freshman level of college. Unexpected decreases in the supply of teachers could emerge if the present unfavorable imbalance between salaries of teach- ers and salaries in private employment, or other conditions of employment, should become less favorable to the teaching profession. This would tend to draw more teacher education graduates off into other fields of employment as well as reduce the supply of experienced teachers. Teachers'Salaries Table 6 gives the estimated average salary for the instructional staff for 1956-57 as $4350 and for 1957-58 as $4650. The estimated average salary of the instructional staff (teachers, principals, and supervisors) for the nation as a whole for 1957-58 has increased 6.9 percent over 1956-57. Aver- age salaries of the instructional staff for the 10 years are as follows (estimates of the NEA Research Division are starred): Average annual salary . Percent increase _ tear per instructional staff Over pre- Over member vious year 1948-49 IO orion $2,846 ar ES ec A A 3,010 5.8% 5.8% 1950-51 cooocrccrsron. 3,126 3.9 9.8 1981704. AAA 3,450 10.4 21.2 1999-223 I T O 3,554* 3.0 24.9 1953-54 co r..o..........o 3,825 7.6 34.4 1954-55 co. rns........... 3,950* 359 38.8 1955-56 .co..o..s.........o 4,135* 4.7 4 ue 1956-57 "2090250022999 4,350* X ? Diet 52.8 Se 1957-58 .c.ne..s......... 4,650" Lo f A b9- : 3sty Eos VIS -SG , Y, IIS tf, ( 73. 4 Salaries of the instructional staff have gained steadily in the past nine $7 years at an average annual rate of about 6 percent. The average salary per v 772 NA member of the instructional staff in 1957-58 is estimated to be Pa Secum larger than in 1948-49. = [Din The net gain is reduced by increases in the cost of living. This is a measured roughly by the Consumers! Price Index of the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. In September 195%, the Index, based on 1947-1949 as 100.0, stood at 121-4, The purchasing power of the average salary per instructional staff member in terms of the purchasing power of 1947-1949 dollars was $7646 in 1957-58 as compared with $2774--the corres- A EY gos q 8 the year 1948- b^ This represents & net gain d» teachers "y ^of $1066 or à F^ percent over the mimewyear period from 1948-49 thru mesg, 4 Oy , The average salary of classroom teachers was estimated at $4299 or 5%. percent of the average salary of the total instructional staff for DAA. The average salary of classroom teachers for 1957-58 was estimated at $4520 or 97 percent of the corresponding figure for the entire instructional staff. Z é GS SH =S » The average annual salary for elementary-school teachers for 197738 w Y eT 29 //0 $4325; for secondary-school teachers, $4850. The average salaries of elemen- tary-school teachers are lower than those of secondary-school teachers; how- ever, over the past years, the difference appears to have been narrowing. In 1950-51 the average annual salary for elementary-school teachers was 81.9 percent of the corresponding figure for secondary-school teachers. By 10 the average salary of elementary-school teachers has increased to Gd. per- cent of the salary estimated for secondary-school teachers, A further narrow- ing of the difference may be expected &s long as shortage of elementary- School teachers estie more acute EET calet sone or ON for secondary- school teachers, and 25—_Long-a the Level—of preparation required for elemen- ye - A et, VA vl m. fA. v 4 tary-school teachers increases, (tee: el cce. Va "t y “LCE A AAA ADLON SEL P m n At tf i, yox > A ; ^Gáins in teachers!” salaries have been outstripped by-gafns in salaries / Y of wages 3 other employment areas. /In 1939 the average calendar-year salary be the deat adt adn staff was $1420, The aver&ge annual wage paymerits of - 13 - production workers in manufacturing was $1363. .Düring the war and-fostwar years the salaries of both groups increased; however/, the average salary of production workers gained faster and sínce 1941 has exceeded the average calendar-ye&r salary of the instructional staff. In Table 7, the annual average salaries of classroom teachers by state are distributed in intervals of $1000. The follewing-dete-show the trend in this distribution for the nation as a whole since the school year 1952-53: Percent of teachers paid $3,500- $4,500 School year Below $2, 500- 2 32.500 2,499 4,499 and over ROG Ar TO odas dite cosi ibunt OE 42.0% 25.0% 13.0% 1953-9 A E A pg O 7 le: | 41.7 26.6 17.6 IN tire aha ania UR SD a 119 36.6 29.2 22.3 19 PME EP E A A 8.8 33.8 31.4 26.0 1956 9 Ed E vim A as 6.0 29.0 33.0 32.0 I99E A E A 3.7 21.9 44 33.5 0.9 In 1952-53 there were Lin 10 classroom teachers who were paid $2500 to 5499. By 1957-58 there were 4 in 10 classroom teachers being paid $4500 or more, | Thruout the United States the state and sectional differences im teach- ing salaries are great. The following figures show the average salaries paid the instructional staff by region: Average annual Region salary 7 New England "99999999999 97"099?999999922929^99 $4,618 Middle Atlantic *®@eeeeeveneae eee ea eeeeaeeeee# 5,280 Southeast UBOÓ .........o............... ...... 3,752 Middle BO BLEODOIOLSO5005000000000000000000000 4,705 Southwest "9999?9999*299999?999709999299929292929^99 4,451 Northwest UB.06060005000000000000000000000000000 3,925 Far West UB0561005051005000000600000000000500400000 5,692 Total United States UB80.0600000500000000000 $4,650 There is a difference of $1940 between the average salaries paid in the Southeast and those paid in the Far West. "4 e Pupil Enrolments (Table 11) An estimate of pupil enrolment, when made in October, is likely to be an understatement of the total enrolment for the school year. On the other hand, enrolments compiled at the end of the school year include a number of duplications brought about by changes of residence within states and across state lines. These are the chief reasons for differences between the NEA Research Division series and the total enrolment reported by the U, S. Office of Education. State-by-state estimates of enrolments for 1956-57. and 1957-58 are shown in Table ll, The totals shown in columns 4 and 7 are more reliable than the figures for elementary and secondary enrolments taken separately because of state variations in reporting Grades VII and VIII.. The following figures show the total enrolment for the United States for the past lf years. Public-school enrolments School year Elementary Secondary Total SMS o iss ae viso ho to nod de: RMON ZOO 6,653,383 24,653,383 LIDO qeessneocesccceesoososesr 05012 ,406 6,523,028 25,185,436 VI er minas naro aipaieo cn AOS 6,783,956 25,794,510 PEE ¿ecos run caro E E a e O 6,998,454 | 26,711,656 A ERO QE V. T 0S 7,410,569 X 27,532,435 CO Co OP AEN AAA so A 7,887,319 28,916,703 Co CD BEES RENNES SHORE ER S0 Ab 8,191,836 |. 29,966,052 ES O 222919, 049 8,622,289 ^ 31,141,338 lg S] uostodeooccosgesensosa, 0059809201 9,282,078 \ 32,268,459 1957-58 ... eere rare Iris AXy8LA,6Pl — 95694593) 33750878H- 3«J y d ; AF. Á. A total enrolment of 33,700,084, is estimated for the school year 1957-58. 2.0 p This is an increase of 378 percent over the enrolment estimated for 1956-57 Z2 $ and an increase of 3579 percent over 1948-49. The percent increases in enrolments over 1948-49 and for each year over the previous year are shown on the next page. - o e Percent increase in enrol- Percent increase in enrol- ments over previous year Elementary Secondary Total 19489409, 09 (2 eoo o» ; eod eise 699 eee asd soo Len Ar SO avere 3.4% -2.0% 2.2% 3.4% -2.0% 2.2% LSO es 5.6 2.0 4.6 240 4.0 2,4, L9 CT ees esis f. vy". 8.3 Det Le, Jub lU Ee A 12.1 11.4 11.7 2.4 5.9 31 UES se A OT OL 4» 16.8 18.5 1743 4.2 6.4 5.0 152577 Lp ieee 21.0 23,1 d 3.9 3.9 3.6 a "Poe dee eee 25.1 29.6 26.3 3.4 523 3.9 RUE, TS as eM PS wes 2d 39.5 30.9 261. Tot 3.6 32, 45,7 2549 3.6 berr Ht 3-85 1957-58 Data on enrolments compiled or projected by the U. S, Office of Educa- tion are presented below for purposes of comparison with the NEA series. In- cluded here.are the enrolments projected to the school year 1964-65: ` s the eo | aa Be “ se E80 ind Pog : . Gr 5 9-12 and Total es 1-8 (in thousands) School year ended Wet steraduates — n^ thousands) 4,399 6,601 25,678 21,279 25 9434 0.0.0 000.9.0.0 0,0-0 0.0i0.0;00 50 6 re 18, 833 1950 cccvccccecesccccccosesos 19,386 5,725 225111 1952 e neqoadybooond d Mié eso nes 20,681 5,882 26,563 OPEM RAPIDE Pe ae setae 22,546 6,290 28,836 1955 *e"0990090092002*902020972*9*999€9 23,579** 6,419** 29, 998 1956 *e"9005000909909020202029999€99*9*9 24,5023** 6,640** 31,143% 1957 ccccvvcccccccccccccceses 25,282** 6,876** 32,159 1958 DICIT e n v rae eB, or 1929 RII PI , : : FYT 196073 derrocar oe, . . 27,876 r : LL 961 1961 MEN TIT im 7,152 a —— 1962 8,977 37,718 RF tee edness once casa IL 28, 864, 9,597 38,461 1964 29,005 10, 228 39,233 1965.4. reet rw) Pen E 29,206 AA ae ý 10, Crs 40,023. X * Fall enrolment increas sed by 2 percent to convert to School-year basis, Ou en. ARN A f BR a di A Ms TAD MS School Finance The total income of public elementary and secóndary schools is estimated This is an increase of &,9 percent over the at $13,960+8 million for 1957-58. > 16 Ped 1956-57 income of $t2,826,0 million. School income includes all monies re- ceived, both revenue and nonrevenue receipts. Total expenditures increased y from $11; 737. 4 million in 1956-57 to $424883.7 million fer 1257-58, an in- / crease of E percent. Revenue Receipts (Tables 8, 9, and 10) In this series, revenue receipts include all monies from general funds of federal, state, county, and local governments, receipts from taxes levied for school purposes, income from permanent school funds and endowments, from leases on school bands, interest on bank deposits, tuition, gifts, charges, and the value of commod kains received under ‘the, national sehool.lunch program. Pot AE dry For 1956-57 revenue receipts vere estimated at 10,07: dion; for 1957-58 the estimate’ Lie sacs Ae, This is an increase ‘of: $. 4 per- cent. The following figures show in percents, the revenue receipts from federal, state, and local governments for the past 1¢ years as reported by the U, S, Office of Education and the NEA Research Division. (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): Percent of school revenue derived from esp Àchool year Federal State Local A DET Lui ggurees . . "sources . Sources 1948-49 AN y sas 2.2%: ¿38.5% 1759.31 1949-50 eéecososc cose 229.5 ^v "749,8 " WHT, 3 00 nu 0005000000092 eenen 3.1 39.7 Slee DEEN De coves cccctceveessoe 3.5 38.6 57.9 VEN" Ie oorvisoecccccesecoce 2,2* 36.5* 61.3* eae 1953-54 OHO Ce ROC oo Coe eee eee) © "T : "tw 372A 58.1 N B AEAEE KIUI OCI i-a E E vi Re i A, " : 1955-56 conecciones 3 3,7% . DO Li adh = | 58. 6% a p -57 TI 3 3. = Á f 39.8% i as 56. 5x - 1957-58 ILE Aja. 9 9. a, 2 "i E a Ec (2, A Wm oo AA was estinatedft revenue receipts of ie or schools OG awn? Ata?» 1d AAA Ar Ld fo reached an all-time high. The following data shows the revenue receipts for >» AY. the past 10 years as reported by the U. S, Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA Research Division estimates are starred): Revenue receipts of school districts Amount Percent increase Percent increase School vear (in thousands) over 1948-49 over previous years bw Re ee re 4,921,022 ace ... pa get an eee ar Oe 5,437,044 10.5% 10.5% LOTE EN 92 5,946,828 20.8 9.4 leto arie RE v RB de eld qr npe qe 6,423,816 30.5 8.0 AE aise ga sie eee ee oc 7,265,115* 47.6 13451 TOL durada ME PE pat. 7,866,852 59,9 8.3 l9 Re eem C uas d o à 8,467,128* tel 7.6 1955-08 22 arena t cede. <4 9,431,797* 91.7 1 la e LUE ARANA IP IE 0,157,481* 106.4 Tat TO fhe a eS EE TA HHi2.0454* RE þr? School revenue receipts have increased $e a total of 2, percent from 1948-49 to 1957-58. E Nonrevenue Receipts (Tables 9 and 10) Nonrevenue receipts include all money received from loans, sale of bonds, sale of property purchased from capital funds, and insurance adjustments. For 1956-57, nonrevenue receipts were estimated at a total of $2,668:5 million. e Aj By 1957-58 nonrevenue receipts totaled $2,812,7 million, an increase of Sk percent over the last school year. Nonrevenue receipts, mostly from the sale of bonds, are expected to remain at a high level because of the increased Y amount of construction of new classroom facilities. mi Expenditures (Tables 9 and 10) IPS "SS The total amount spent during 1957-58 for current expense, capital out- LY, ITS € 357 lay, and interest is estimated at a total of $:2,862427 million. This repre-.. 7.6 AIS OG COX sents an increase of percent over the total expenditures of $11,737.4 / million for 1956-57. e , e 1B Current Expense (Tables 9 and 10) Current expense includes amounts paid for general control, instructional service, operation, maintenance, fixed charges, and auxiliary services. This figure does not include payments for capital outlay, interest, or debt retire- A ment. nae mw E “A f 2 Total current expenditures increased from an estimated 2857 bitttior in Ga Pg A : 27 / s 1956-57 to $975. billion in 1958-564 The following data show the increases f in current expenditures as reported by the U. S, Office of Education and the NEA Research Division (NEA estimates are starred ): Current expense Amount Percent in- Percent in- School year (in thousands ) crease over crease over 1948-49 previous year MESA PR A A $4,248,622 ... eee MEN ian T vasa dons 4,687,274 10.3% 10.3% TOREM A REET 000-60 5,100,520 20.1 8.8 MA atan weaken’ 5,752,908 35.4 12,8 A AS O ALA e 38.3 2.1 EP AAN 4.8.6.0: 6,883,387 62.0 1r ife. ETON DF tees eo Eana o do dine ono 7,182,329 69.1 4.3 E aka... cet ens 7,902, 702% 86.0 10.0 ROM ina ee S 8,663,532* p 103.9 9.6 MEN cherie nhs eos no 94,5497,320* G, 77 - 2 24.7 PL ET pe jd 10,739 0v s- 152.6 x y Current expense for public elementary and secondary schools has increased 475. 5 . to a total of 1249 percent since 1948-49. Gains over the past three years j have averaged abuotrt-+89-. percent per year. l Current Expense Per Pupil in ADA The expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance (ADA) for 1957-58 was $320.00. The following data show in amount and percent the increase in per pupil costs since 1948-49. ) 2.7 ~ - 19 - Current expense per pupil in ADA Percent in- Percent in- School year Amount crease over crease over 1948-49 vious year AO A COLIT. O9 T ... LM rio E 2120,94 6.4% 6.4% Loan 409986 ain vo 104 © 6 224.23 13.4 6.6 195 19005. cise 0.0 o ANNUO v o0 9.9.5 247.36 25e 4. 10,3 T9 o osque» oW» Q3 235.48* 19.1 -4.8 IA «ts a Sa gine ee sive el 268.42 3555 14.0 19959239... 522994922 990 9»e6e 264,, 58* 33.9 -1.4 oov MNUTYIIIYTS D 17 TT 280, 00% 41.7 5.8 ISDEM A E T 300, 00% iq. Tre TITO een Ie 320. 00% 61.9 6.7 Current expense per pupil in ADA increased from $197.65 in 1948-49 to an estimated $320 for 1957-58, a gain of 61.9 percent. For the past three years the gain per year has been estimated at about $20. The variation among the states in per-pupil expenditures is great, Per-pupil costs range from a low ' of $158 per year in Mississippi to $482 per year in New York. In intervals of $50, the average expenditure per pupil in ADA are distributed as follows for the 48 states and the District of Columbia: Expenditure Number of states per pupil 1957-58 $150-9199 ¿iva o oo oso dee ZUG Ae aos. oc aos 7.0 EP AAA 300- 349 ....e.....e....o...... Tat SS Y, Pav MN BAD a eoovcccebée o 0s HOU" ID. A cece cet A 5| HH i: IP] rgowo-2f4 The median expenditure per pupil in ADA is $2317. -20- TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS, BOARD MEMBERS, AND SUPERINTENDENTS, 1956-57 AND 1957-58 1956-57 1957-58 Basic adminis- Board members Superin- Pasic adminis- Board members State trative units and trustees tendents trative units and trustees (elementary and in basic units in basic (elementary and in basic units high school) — units high school) PE A 2 6 CER ien S o li wi MESE = > nis x JOA E 112 568 112 112 568 Peto PARRA 305 870 93 307 900 Arkansas cocccccccvcece 423 2,200 368 422 2,195 Californié ass carecas. 1,851 7,800 854 1,792 7,650 S, E e een 966 3,000 244 850 2,900 Connecticut: ..o.ooo..o»» 176 1,307 112 176 1,307 DOTONREO” Racccaccocccne 102 412 16 99 40 Dist. of Columbia .... 1 9 1 1 9 La A ecco 67 536 67 67 536 Georgia ....... .escoos 203 1,050 203 199 1,030 Idaho «conos. "T" 168 72 105 154 681 IL pack eceashéde 2,100 11,700 2,600 1,850 10,400 Indiana sccccccccccese 1,050 1,650 263 1,013 1,680 IOWA AAA 3,691 15,500 787 34349 14,300 NN Joi cse quoo secos 3,176 9,860 342 3,025 9,400 Kentucky ceccccccsccce 221 1,L14 22 216 1,099 Lonisiana ....2. cmap 67 689 67 67 689 Maine scsccctsscovescos 491 1,500 117 485 1,478 Maryland ..... 55 .... 2 1,360 24 24 1,360 Massachusetts ........ 348 1,658 231 354 1,714 Michigan ..scccscecces 3,100 12,000 650 2,700 11,200 Miinasoim S 3,600 10,680 479 3,297 11,693 Mississippi ......... 2 723 3,615 414 151 820 EA AS 2,890 11,121 582 2,500 10,000 Montang $224, T roo 1,156 3,736 178 1,144 3,730 VATIC e aaa ias 4,989 16,400 455 4,984 16,300 A, AS oe-0'4 7 103 16 17 103 New Hampshire ........ 229 823 48 230 828 New Jersey .... ecco 569 4,186 282 573 4,222 leu Maxioo ccccccceces 97 485 97 96 480 EN PONE AAA 1,712 6,174 305 1,481 5,800 North Carolina ....... 174* 966* 174* 174* 966* North Dakota ....oo... 2,000 6,485 138 1,950 6,335 DUCI "——————— Lag 5,770 303 1,119 5,570 Oklahoma .cccccccccces 1,644 6,066 664 1,468 5,652 Oregon ./6es6coocce ó 716 3,582 126 700 3,500 Pennsylvania ......... 2,420 12,500 190 2,405 12,400 Rhode Island ......... 39 212 36 39 212 South Carolina ....... 107 697 175 107 697 South Dakota .......».. 3,295 10,514 269 3,247 10,265 Tennessee ..oooooos.s». 153 1,005 153 153 1,005 Do ae RPM 1,799 9,000 1,139 1,738 8,700 O A 40 207 40 40 207 WORMS Luoséecccessev 263 865 54 263 872 A doc c. 130 685 114 129 685 Washington ...... «e 461 1,900 265 441 1,860 West Virginia ........ 55 275 55 55 275 Wisconsin imp... vo. 3,874 13,400 120 3,500 12,500 Wyoming cccccccccccccs 250 950 89 246 935 Total, Continental United States .... 53,197 207,908 14,437 49,477 198,108 * Estimated by NEA Research Division. Superin- tendents in basic units 7 222 93 - 21 - TAELE 2,--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF MEMBERS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 1956-57 Elementary-school Secondary-school Princi- Other E classroom teachers pals and instruc- Total 1 Women Total supervi- tional —— A sors staff y P POR PRATS AR out , 000 8,000 11,000 1,000 2d 26,000 1,382 779 2,161 431 222 9,236 2,375 3,325 5,700 577 62 14,259 9,677 11,700 31,377 7,155 2,746 100,000 , 367 2,894 5,261 1,044 228 14,388 1,676 8,65€ 10,332 3,145 2,731 5,876 958 414 17,580 2 1,394 1,603 729 535 1,264 157 ... 3,024 X 1,981 2,077 586 1,120 1,706 236 119 4,138 145 14, 484 15,937 $5313 6,144 11,457 1,422 1,235 30,051 ,18 19,530 20,710 3,950 6,550 10,500 918 172 32,300 2,305 2,885 976 1,192 2,168 405 ose 5,458 5, 900 35, 41,000 9,350 9,250 18,600 3,600 awe 63, 200 i 4,2393 16,748 21,141 5,382 4,453 9,835 2,159 1,059 34,194 [OWA ooo... "Cin CER 1,082 15,030 16,112 4,495 3,479 7,974 1,318 74 25,478 as 1,785 0,96 12,745 3,540 2,895 6,435 1,932 jv» 21,112 12,670 14,442 2,706 4,159 6,865 1,061 179 22,547 2,660 13,874 3,176 4,564 7,740 1,462 120 23,196 4,565 5,085 1, 200 1,000 2,200 215 "n 7,500 8,937 10,041 3,847 4,339 8,186 1,090 ry 19,317 16, 284 18,600 7,600 6,103 13,703 1,099 40 33,442 25,700 2,100 9,275 11,325 20,600 3,800 2,500 59,000 11,500 14,400 4,875 5,875 10,750 1,000 ene 26,150 9,758 10,671 2,475 3,509 5,984 419 aad 17,074 16,839 19, 204 3,763 3,900 7,663 1,493 245 28,360 3,597 4,182 1,139 640 1,779 253 17 6,231 2,131 2,300 1,990 4,290 518 120 14,059 1,587 325 224 549 136 19 2,291 2,247 647 629 1,276 187 108 3,818 24 , 000 6,110 6,890 13,000 1,900 ane 38,900 5,075 460 1,390 1,850 725 sé 7,650 49,150 54,950 23,100 22,450 45,550 5,500 1,600 107,600 22,700* 25,363* 3,912* 5,186* 9,098* 1,958* ... 36,419" 4,550 4,985 . 845 845 1,690 275 con 6,950 31,2108/ 35,4608/ 13,6908/ 12,3258/ 26,0158/ 2,050* 125* 63,650 10,291 11,633 3,400 4,309 7,709 1,291 50 20,683 Dd gd IA Dulce soo o 1,266 8,300 9, 566 1,898 2,451 4,349 1,338 442 15,695 Pennsylvania ........ 3,522 33,744 37,266 14,671 14,671 29,342 4,401 2,348 73,357 Rhode Island ........ 185 2,365 2,550 975 1,250 2,225 279 ... 5,054 South Carolina ...... 732 11,210 11,942 2,379 4,779 7,158 540 ant 19,640 South Dakota ........ 455 5,119 5,574 1,390 741 2,131 70 ... 7,775 Tennessee ........... 1,835 15,865 17,700 2,685 4,025 6,710 2,130 pes 26,540 TOXAS wwoeccccecce eese 6,500 38, 969 45,469 11,000 13,747 24,747 1,809 1,935 73,960 ULA vano casitas WE 661 3,056 3,717 1,848 948 2,796 541 273 7,327 Veludnt: «oos y APTA 124 1,829 1,953 395 406 801 86 172 3,012 Virginia; .oesoco nde Ve 716 16,238 16,954 3,477 6,448 9,925 2,406 «p 29,285 Washington cesccecsee 2,079 10,631 12,710 3,400 3,928 7,328 1,240 934 22,212 West Virginia ....o... 950 8,100 9,050 2,365 3,365 5,730 1,784 168 16,732 Wisconsin s..ooos.or.. 2,550 15,080 17,630 4,700 3,300 8,000 1,250 is 26,880 Wyoming ..... ved é ese é 180 1,950 2,130 640 470 1,110 190 See 3,430 Total, Continental United States ... 95,375 655,327 750,702 212,935 227,228 440,163 67,808 17,481 1,276,154 ~ * Estimated by NEA Research Division. ' Estimated by NEA Research Division on the basis of the following actual distribution of the total instruc- a, VE tional staff as reported by the state department of education: elementary-school men, 4,760; elementary-school women, 31,700; total elementary-school teachers, 36,460; secondary-school men, 14,739; secondary-school women, 12,451; total secondary-school teachers, 27,190. 2:22 TABLE 3,--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF MEMBERS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND State 1 Alabama .cccccvccece Arizona ..ooo.oor..o Arkansas ...o....... California ...ooo.o.. Colorado ....oooo.o... Connecticut ........ Delaware ..ooooooos». Dist. of Columbia .. Florida ...oooooroooo Georgia ...oooooooorso Idaho ..oooooosvosss I111noi8 +... 0... 5500000 Indiana ..ooooooor.. IOWA cccccccccccccce Kansas ceccccccccces Kentucky ....oo...o.. Louisiana ....o..... Maine +..ooocoror.r.. Maryland .....ooo.o.».. Massachusetts ...... Michigan cccccocccce Minnesota ...oooo.». Mississippi ........ Missouri ..ooooorooo Montana ..ooooooosso Nebraska ...ooooooo.. Nevada ...ocosorccsoo New Hampshire ...... New Jersey .....o..o.. New Mexico .......»* New York .ocacósioso North Carolina ..... North Dakota ....... Ohio scccvccceccccce Oklahoma ,.c.oo.ooooo. Oregon ccccccccccece Pennsylvania ....... Rhode Island ....... South Carolina ..... South Dakota ....... Tennessee ...ooooor.. Texas ———— Utah Vermont ccccccccccee Virginia ...... o Washington ......... West Virginia ...... Wisconsin ......o... Wyoming +............ Total, Continental United States .. * Estimated by NEA Research Division. SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 1957-58 Elementary-school classroom teachers Men 2 500 1,644 650 12,600 1,680 1,810 208 105 1,603 1,200 595 6,100 4,600 1,126 1,850 1,800 1,500 525 1:172 2,500 6,550 3,100 925 2,477 708 450 313 251 2,550 790 6,000 2, 775% 435 4,405* 1,350" 1,566 3,628 200 747 475 1,905 6,600 706 130 800 2,200 955 2,650 185 99,594 Women 13,750 5,006 7,360 50,400 6,725 9,365 1,448 2,121 15,981 20,300 2,377 36,300 17,600 15,081 11,375 13,034 13,000 4,700 9,482 16,500 26,650 12,100 9,850 17,640 3,715 8,609 1,308 2,097 22,950 4,510 50,800 23, 225* 4,500 32,375" 10,425" 9,158 34,774 2,550 11,434 5,175 16,272 40,150 3, 216 1,850 16,825 11,050 8,145 15,380 2,015 680,653 Total 14, 250 6,650 8,010 63,000 8,405 11,175 1,656 2,226 17,584 21,500 2,972 42,400 22, 200 16, 207 13,225 14,834 14,500 5,225 10,654 19,000 33,200 15, 200 10,775 20,117 4,423 9,059 1,621 2,348 25,500 5,300 56,800 26,000* 4,935 36,780* 11,775* 10,724 38,402 2,750 12,181 , 5,650 18,177 3,922 1,980 17,625 13,250 9,100 18,030 2,200 780, 247 Secondary-school classroom teachers Men 3,000 1,409 2,420 21,400 2,525 3, 200 735 595 5,862 4,000 1,036 9,550 5,700 4,705 3,590 2,750 3,300 1,275 4,117 7,800 9,500 5,200 2,500 3,980 1,261 2,300 334 702 6,425 470 24,500 4, 000* 860 14,200* 3,445* 2,098 15,119 1,000 2,427 1,310 2,735 11,500 1,938 405 3,575 3,500 2,370 4,800 660 222,083 Women MÁ RFT VERIS AMIA PY REST 3 8, 250 794, 3,370 12,600 3,100 2,800 552 1,129 6,880 6,900 1,266 9,450 4,710 3,489 2,935 4,382 4,800 1,050 4,643 6,325 11,800 6,200 3,500 4,140 795 2,158 230 658 7,215 1,480 23,900 5,475% 860 12,790* 4,2370* 2,782 15,119 1,300 4,875 810 4,153 14,624 1,000 415 6,650 4,025 3,380 3,420 485 238,094 Total 7 —- 11,250 2,203 5,790 34,000 5,625 6,000 1,287 1,724 12,742 10,900 2,302 19,000 10,410 8,194 6,525 7,132 8,100 2,325 8,760 14,125 21,300 11,400 6,000 8,120 2,056 4,458 564, 1,360 13,700 1,950 48,400 9,475* 1,720 26,990* 7,815* 4,880 30, 238 2,300 7,302 2,120 6,888 26,124 2,938 820 10,225 7,525 5,750 8, 220 1,145 460,177 Princi- Other pals and instruc- Total supervi- tional sors _staff 8 9. 10 1,000 ... 26,500 445 235 9,533 585 100 14,485 7,600 3,000 07,600 1,025 250 15,305 1,000 440 18,615 157 ... 3,100 241 128 4,319 1,467 1,363 33,156 925 175 33,500 410 ... 5,684 3,800 $e 65,200 2, 200 1,085 35,895 1,350 85 25,836 1,950 $39 21,700 1,100 200 23,266 1,600 130 24,330 225 + ... 7,775 1,211 . 20,625 1,150 40 34,315 4,000 2,600 61,100 1,025 ... 27,625 800 .. 17,575 1,550 $3. 29,787 342 20 6,841 525 134 14,176 160 14 2,359 185 95 3,988 2,000 ... 41,200 750 ... 8,000 5,800.x 1,650 112,650 2,025* ... 37 ,500* 275 ... 6,930 2,100* f. . 130% 66,000 1,300* 60* 20,950* 1,285 460 17,349 4,536 2,417 75,593 350 ... 5,400 540 eee 20,023 75 ... 7,845 2,135 ... 27,200 1,8654 1,935 76,674 580 285 7,725 90 175 3,065 2,450 ... 30,300 1,260 950 22,985 1,810 172 16,832 1,350 eee 27,600 195 ... 3,540 70,799 18,328 1,329,551 TABLE 4,--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF TEMPORARY (EMERGENCY) TEACHERS, 1956-57 AND 1957-58 per NON 1956-57 1957-58 cr Number Percent Percent Percent with Number Percent Percent Percent with State employed in ele- in rural less than employed in ele- in rural less than mentary schools four years! mentary schools four years' schools college prep- Schools college prep- = NP d "Tn zi aration = ; > aration ac cS TS ü : d 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEADOO ceccceonnivies 4,000" 75%" EV E 3,800* 76f* 8Of* 75%" oh AS evo o iuo 60 100 95 98 50 100 95 98 RPEORSOR. E S C 59 70 OC 3,750 60 72 1CO alifornià ccivesccere 7C 70 43 3, 50C 70 7C 40 Colorülo ,.. 099 o06ov 85 84 70 500 33 84 70 Connecticut&/ .,....... 1,452 78 7 31 1,720 7€ 8 27 e s ceoeev o oetve 347 80 75 93 400 80 75 95 Dist, of Columbia .... 600 60 0 65 650 65 0 7C doy We ian RT PES 679 20 40 100 60C X 40 100 GOOPZIA .cccccceveceecs 250 9 2 10 225 99 93 DADO «+0. rior 1 2s 68 190 71 £9 ÍA docs sans +. 85 7C 0 3.000 o "60 7É Indiana O 0990690 3,456 33 82 44, 3,500 82 BO 4 AP O ode se 02 59 65 37 130 58* 65* 40% A A 0 ... PON ees 0 ... eee .. BEC. A ean 2,838 75 30 92 2,850 76 90 93 LOIN TEMA. c's ces enondas 1,381 70 75 37 1,40C 70 75 38 MMLC PIPPE PPOP TEE 450 35 85 40 450 35 85 0 Maryland .escoscccccee 4,160 77 55 44 4,300 78 58 43 Massachusetts ........ 783 70 37 40 900 70 30 40 MIOBISED sooonosccsoso 6,500 80 55 65 6,700 82 55 67 Minnesota .ccccccccece 42 70 2 75 519 8 32 75 Mississippi ......0.0»» 4,739 85 8 100 4,30C 85 83 100 PEE ¿arras 2,300" 65* Cx 65* ,400* 67* 50% 5* MORGANE ....50000000c» 601 85 80 91 489 85 80 9C ooo CTPPEHTPEPEPR 1,067 50 27 1,20 52 28 60 RA AAA 2 100 0 100 1 0 10 00 New Hampshireb/ ...... 22 74 53 2 210 62 44 21 New Jersey .... eee eoe 4,600 85 42 7 5,000 83 2 2 NOW Medion IA A 0 ... ies ... 0 ... ... ... AAA A 6,60 70 : see 6,600 70 ... ... North Carolina ....... 2,100* 90* 83* 90* 2, 200* 90* 85* go North Dakota ......... 750 23 B6 93 350 85 71 85 A TIN, 3,000 97 60 44 3,100 9€ 6 46 o ... eee ... IEA rr 0 T ... ... Oregon T 1,658 16 PennsylvaniaS/ ....... Rhode Island ......... 175 67 0 £U South Carolina ....... South Dakota ......... Tennessee ceccocccccce 1,150 0 TOXEB wccccsecescocece 2,649 75 0 32 3,000 76 60 35 Utah —————— 1,205 65 30 56 839 70 65 65 Vermont 002220995905» 29 466 80 0 85 490 7 31 80 Virginia cvsevasoosveo 2,605 81 70 95 2,700 85 75 95 Washington ..ooooror.. West Virginia ........ 1,600 ) 8 Wisconsin .cccccccccee 1,481 80 0 80 1,400 80 40 80 Wyoming cccccccccccoce Total, Continental United States .... 86,616 75% 63% 61% 87,319 76% 63% 60% * Estimated by NEA Research Division. a/ All these teachers are working toward standard certificates. Their present certificates are emergency but not substandard, [This condition undoubtedly exists in other states as wel1,/ b/ Pattern of credentials changed in 1957-58. c/ Represents those persons qualified for half or less of the teaching load. - 24 - TABLE 5.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PUBI Number of REASON FOR LE TEACHERS LE AND 1957-58 AVING TEACHING, Number of Percent leaving in 1957-58 because o teachers teachers who Marriage Retirement ving State who left will leave or family for old to other teaching teaching in reasons age or dis- states eT E 1920727 . 1057-728 ability — — MCjes d l 2 : PES E * HA > A mi AlabamaB/ ....oooooooooo ... eee ... eee ... Arizona ,... 0 ec ococ eco 674 726 35% 13% 16 APKONEES..cccceccccccecce 3,000 2,000 21 ) 3( California socstóscocoso 9,800 9,600 35 20 2 A A A és aa ve oe ven Connecticut ....... 4.5. 1,430 1,400 31 17 31 Delaware .coccccccccccecs 388 425 ... ... ... Dist, of Columbia ...... 185 200 ... 22 eee Florida .cccccccvcccccce 3,686 3,200 ... 8 ... Georgia cccccccccccccese 3,400 3,600 a ee . Idaho —————— 900 175 15 4 4 PURINE A cccaaseess iam org "s - ss Indiana occcocccscccecee 2,400 2,450 32 11 21 le T"—— ... ... ... ... . NANO: csccceccatccocedss 2,400 2,450 ... ... ... Kentucky ccccccccoccccece 2,100 2,050 21 7 16 Louisiana ..ooonooooooo. 1,522 1,550 ... ec ... Maine ceccccccccccccccce 700 715 5 12 27 Maryland ccccovccescoecs 2,900 2,850 33 9 27 Massachusetts8/ ........ ... ... ... eae ... IN corres 4,850 4,800 40 19 8 se AAA ET T E 2,600 2,700 45 8 14 Mississippi ..cccccccces 1,300 1,500 15 La 28 Missouri ...oooooroorooso 3,150 3, 200 30 7 30 Montana ceccccccccccccce 800 810 51 1 28 Nalaskü “a scccccccscccce 2,000 2,250 55 1€ Nevada scccccccccccesece New Hampshire .......... New Jersey ..oooooorroo. New Mexico ....... coco A EETIITIITDITITIT 5,300 North Carolina®/ ....... ... North-Dakota secoccoors..». 300 ORIG “sideccccvccescecese 6,000 CREMMOMG stcccetcceccoes 2,593 Oregon2/ "TIOTTITTIIITT Pennsylvania ........... Rhode Island South Carolina ......... South Dakota ........... 1,450 TOUMEMEOS ccccevcccescee RUM o oras UM caneecnsevoceascooces O adsense. VIRGIN soscossosdoosss 3,549 Loo VOUPITTTTTTITITT West Virginia .......... dod EO scvccceuses os. WYOMING “cooncororccoroso Total (34 states)... 77,690 Total (42 states)9/... ^ 95,550 a/ Data not available, of employ- b/ States giving complete information. c/ States giving information only for columns 2 and 3. AND PURCHASING POWER, 1957-58 9,--ESTIMATED AVERAGE SALARIES AND Classroom teachers, 1957-58 " Purchasing power of > Elementary Secondary A11 salaries in column 39 School School teachers 1935-1939 1947-1949 PU L cs 3 en Ecc dollars ^ dollars DL TU "OSA A OU ER [ ws vd a ALabana $3,375% $3,600* 33,475" $1,753. 12,31 Arizona 4,850 5,600 5,075 2,556 4,273 Arkansas 3,025 3,400 3,180 1,595 2,667 'aliforn 5,500 6,20 5,750 2,926 4,893 »lLorado 4, 4,500 4,250 2.173 3,633 ,onnectic 1t O 4,866 5,10 4,800 5,200 4,950 2,519 4,211 5,70 5,300 5,650 5,450 2,815 4,707 5,018 4,825 4,975 4,900 2,478 4,144 3,600 3,350 3,750 3,450 1,778 2,973 3,975 3,680 4,270 3,900 1,963 3,282 bs 5 4,895 SEO 4,995 2,516 4, 207 4,550 4,350 4,75C 4,500 2,321 3,881 3,617 3,360 4,578 3,855 1,940 3,244, 3,816 3,575 4,260 3,860 1,960 3,278 , 943 3,050 3,275 3,125 1,593 2,663 4,435 4,585 4,300 4,740 4,450 2,264 3,786 3,300 3,550 3,300 3,800 3,400 1,753 2,931 4,800 5,100 4,850* 5,125* 4,970 2,519 4,211 4,520 4,720 4, 500* 4,850* 4 ,650* 2,331 3,898 5,000 5,200 4,950 5,350 5,100 2,568 4,294, 4,300 4,500 4,100 4,800 4,400 2, 222 3,716 2,525 2,65 2,335 2,875 2,525 1,309 2,188 Missouri "2990999992929 3,887 4,157 3,916 4,432 4,063 2,053 3,433 MONGEDR 2202006006 m0 4,070 4,250 3,900 4,600 4,200 2,099 3,509 WODPSNKR cecccoseceetuas 3, 200 3,320 2,935 4,040 3,250 1,640 2,742 4,918 5 5,222 4,959 2,531 4,232 3,693 3,967 4,162 3,890 1,959 3,276 5,000 5,330 5,955 5,210 2,632 4,401 4,90€ 5,050 4,950 4,850 2,494 4,170 2s 02 5,800 6,100 5,687 2,864 4,789 3,850* 3,725* 3,825* 3,750* 1,901 3,179 3, 300 ,000 3,800 3,250 1,63C 2,725 4 4,600 4,400 4,700 4,525* 2,272 3,799 3,942 1,260 4,08 4,235 4,160 2,104 3,518 4,675 4,875 4,65( 5,100 4,800 2,407 4,026 Pennsylvania . — 4,652 4,852 4,527 4,865 4,681 2,296 4,007 Rhode Island ........... 4,600 4,850 4,675 4,900 4,775 2,395 4,005 South Carolina ......... 3,105 3,350 3,200 3,400 3,250 1,654 2,766 South Dakota: coscsvevece 3, 200 3,300 3,050 3,850 3,250 1,630 2,72 Tennasaéé cogdcccocedecs 3,250 3,450 3,200 3,650 3,350 1,70 2,849 TeX8B ccccccccccestdseve 4, 000 4,350 4,110 4,290 , 200 2,148 3,592 A «2 TEET 4,800 4,500 4,800 4,650 2,370 3, 964, Vermont "t 3,350 3,700 3,350 3,900 3,600 1,827 3,055 Virginia ..ooooororro..»o 3,562 3,750 3,500 3,700 3,625 1,852 3,097 REEL Un 4,660 5,275 5,07 5,350 5,175 2,605 4,356 Washington . West Virginia ...... «00» 3,542 3,640 3,245 3,915 3,525 1,798 3,006 Wisconsin .ccccccccccces 4,265 4,470 4,025 4,950 4,275 2,207 3,691 i 3,850 4, 000 3,625 4,450 3,925 1,975 3,303 Total, Continental z United States ...... $4,350 $4,650 $4,325 $4,840 $4,520 $2,296 $3,840 * Estimated by NEA Research Division. &/ Based on Consumers! Price Index, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 1957. Column 7, index of 202.5 (19 1 8, of 121.1 (1947-1949 as 100.0) = 26-< TABLE 7,--ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION OF CLASSROOM TEACHERS?’ SALARIES, 1957-58 Percent of classroom teachers whose salaries fall in Classroom teach- each of the following salary groups: State ers! average sal- Below $2,500- $3,500- $4,500 ary, 1957-58 $2, 500 3,499 4,499 and "reg — ee ae a 1 2 3 NY. EX 6 o cocvosddéchecetccediva $3,475" 8. 08% 30. 0%6 9.0%" ^ — . 3.0f* A A TTT TE 5,075 0.0 0.0 35.0 65.0 Arkansas ————— 3,180 15.0 59.0 25.0 1.0 California —— 5,750 .0 0.0 7.0 13.0 Colorado ..ooooccorcrrcrcroso. 4,250 0.0 31.0 47.0 22.0 CanmetiodU ccdddeéococesciaee 4,950 0.0 5.0 45.0 50.0 POLIS To origen corro dio 5,450 0.0 1.0 43.0 56.0 Florids coccccissececocevedees 4,900 0.0 5.0 50.0 45.0 Georgia wccccccsccccccccccsece 3,450 6.0 61.0 30.0 P Idaho «—— PR 3,900 0,0 30.0 60.0 10.0 EVEN soccddadhvisesscesdive 4,995 0.0 10.0 32. 58.0 Indiana scocccccccccccvcccccce 4,500 0.0 10.0 40.0 50.0 CE ANA coo. e:Sso 3,855 6.0 40.0 36.0 18.0 A PAR AS 3,860 5.0 45.0 39.0 11.0 A: PI 3,12 38.0 51.0 10.0 1.0 LOUIS (orecccoveceosccoccve 4,450 1.0 19.0 25.0 55.0 MalnS “ccccoccedcodececcsoescsee 3,400 5.0 57.0 33.0 5.0 MAPPER oreoocevecococceceovee 4,970 0.0 5.0 33.0 62.0 Massachusetts .ecccccccccccecs 4,650* 0.0 10.0 48.0 42.0 FACCIÓN seacresesaoscceoqgvece 5,100 0.0 12.0 2340 55.0 A TY T P PTTYTT 4,400 Mississippi .ccocccccecccecese 2,525 bcr v PARIDAS 4,063 4, 200 3,250 D h ooooo » o e o y Jn O A AP .0 25. 40.0 35.0 N TE N 21. 27. 31.0 11.0 eo. XT TZLITITITI, 4,959 0.0 0.0 24.6 75.4 New Hampshire ........ e eon 3,890 0.0 33.0 45.0 22.0 New Jersey cccccccccccccccccce 5,210 0.0 0.5 24.5 75.0 BN -MEMEO So dedsvdsddvoccecce 4,850 0.0 1.0 54.0 45.0 0.0 0.0 25.2 74.8 Now IOK PP — 5,687 ) De 25.2 74,8 Nor Carolina ,2.520eeocccvio» 3,750* ROPIDSDGNOUA ceceesecccescesie UNIS sivesecedeodaacscoesccedbe 4,525* CELE soorosscncoroacessoson 4,160 . w N Vn o w OO OUND s ooooqc wn Ww C . . Ooo0oo Q - O D o Y . o AA A OT OA 4,800 . 2. 55.0 43.0 DNE QS cctccouccucec eves 4,681 0.0 8.0 45.0 47.0 A > er a 4,775 0.0 10.0 35.0 55.0 SOU CATOLINE Qivvecccoocevsve 3,250 4.0 80.0 16.0 0.0 SON -DaKolé- .2eoevovecvecco»e 3,250 20.0 46.0 18.0 16.0 20.0 54.0 17.0 9.0 TenneB8GO ccccccccccccececcéoe 3,350 i07 NTTITTTTTTTLXG T TITTIITT I ULAD weccccccccccccvcccccccccs 4, 4,6 REN AAA AO PAR 3,6 3,6 5,4 . QO 09 n OOo * OOOOooO VIPginla —— Waabington cccccvdveccocceccese DIAM VO D NTITTTTTIPPM 3,525 MINUM cecesececoceoocccooo 4,275 Dio 5 PTITTIZTITTT YA TITIO Total, Continental United States ....ooooooo.. $4,520 3.7% 21.9% 33.5% 0.% a/ Estimated by NEA Research Division. «= 27 = TABLE 8,--ESTIMATED REVENUE RECEIPTS (IN THOUSANDS), 1956-57 AND 1957-58 Se eens SR ORES |: AE ARE 27 VOTA 2n "ane. Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total d ka 2 3 4 — 6 7 8 9 Ala. coosossorss $ 13,000 $ 95,000 $ 27,000 $ 135,000* $ 13,500* $ 110,000* $ 29,000* $ 152,500* UL Deere 2,904, 25,003 43,523 71,430 3,750 25,212 64, 243 93, 205 Ark. teyeecccees 8,750 29, 700 30,98C 69,430 8,000 44,000 35,000 87,000 COLL 11.5.09. 45,000 518,000 617,0CO 1,180,000 50,000 570,000 665,000 1,285,000 0036, 29094 $e$ dv 4,500 22,300 82,250 109,050 5,000 28,000 88,000 121,000 Uni re ad 2,540 27,350 37,210 127,100 3,000 39, 000 100,000 142,000 LOL. eso... ese 450 21,500 4,800 26,750 500 26,400 5,500 32,400 D APRENDES 5,780 , e 33,822 39,602 6,790 dre: 42,129 48,919 Fla, ocscosuroro 7,7818/ 106,9508/ — 95,5498/ 210,2808/ 9,766 155,405 107,205 272,376 Ul, o care 9,000 130,000 38,000 177,000 9,500 142,000 40,000 191,500 IGRI ov Volo vm 2,237 8,793 37,780 2,587 11,903 27,250 41,740 Lilo nen oe o»ev? va 8,500 100,000 511,000 9,200 118,000 458,800 586,000 pe AA 6 on 7,500 86,000 263,500 7,800 91,000 180,000 278,800 IOWA .... eee... 5,000 23,500 73,500 5,000 23,500 150,00 178,500 Kang, seo oues 9,800 32,010 135,370 9,000 32,500 98, 000 139,500 AMPARA 5,324 54,785 62,608 122,717 5,500 57,200 97 , 300 130,000 Las cecccccccee 5,260 145,771 58,313 209,344 5,500 155,331 61,813 222,644 NO oves oco 700 7,900 26, 000 34,600 800 10,900 27,500 39, 200 Md, cecvccoccoce 11,700 58,000 99, 200 168,900 10,000 67,000 118,000 95, 00C MENES “cccccacece 3,500 8, 000 210,500 252,000 000 40,000 220,000 264, , 000 MICH. -ccocccdesee 15,000 260, 000 247 , 000 22,000 17,000 260,000 270,000 547,000 Minn. .....0000. 4,500 84, 000 140,500 229,000 5,000 95,000 157,000 257,000 MISES s.orsooreso 7,304 37,402 1,317 76,023 7,500 39,500 32,500 79,500 MO. sasccesccces 6,505 73,739 138,352 218,596 6,500 78,500 148,000 233,000 Montv- (i eoveos d» 2,400 12,000 43,600 58,000 2,500 16,000 44,500 63,000 [o ¿NS 2,600 4,100 68, 000 74,700 2,600 4,100 70,000 76,700 WIN 200 0.30 suh 1,349 9,339 9,152 19,840 1,786 10,011 9,761 21,558 (eos A > 987 1,487 26,328 28,802 1,000 1,949 28, 784 31,733 Bins. we vewesuba 7,000 97, 000 268, 000 372,000 7,000 107,000 308, 000 422,000 NONE erp ves 8,000 41,000 11,000 60,000 8,500 44,500 12,500 65,500 Nu AAA 26,100 460,000 718,000 1,204,100 26,400 507,000 791,000 1,324,400 B8. De. oceeécceeevs 11,500* 147,500* 48,000* 207 ,000* 11,500* 170,000* 50,000* 231,500* o RSS 750 9,250 23,500 33,500 750 9,700 24,550 35,000 QUÍO 25.290002 «9 11,000 180,00 320,000 511,000 12,000 185,000 350,000 547,000 ORDIN ooo" v aao 7,500 59,000 55,000 121,500 8,000 63,000 57 , 000 128,000 Url. a0 vues even 5,167 36,632 96,973 138,772 5,046 45,242 104,160 154,448 PR, cosccevesces 12,500 271,800 323,000 607,300 13,000 332,300 342,000 687,300 Ro Le a5eccovoco 2,950 6,050 0,000 39,000 3,100 8,630 32,500 44,230 Soe: PES 8,900 57,500 30,600 97,000 9,500 62,500 1,000 1C3,000 S; REC AS 1,924 4,187 38,833 44, 944, 2,000 4,500 39,000 45,500 Tenn uosa 23. DD 80,000 42,500 127,500 5,000 87,880 43,700 136,580 TEXAS ccoccccccece 28,000 260,000 191,410 479,410 30,000 285,000 188,000 503,000 a ood 2,588 25,354 37,142 65,084 2,600 32,567 41,044 76,211 ES EEG: 538 4,491 16,686 21,715 00 5, 200 16,700 22,500 VA. coccccccccce 17,500 65,000 120,000 202, 500 17,000 70,000 125,000 212,000 Wash. covccovese 12,300 121,900 79, 200 213,400 13,200 140,000 90,000 243,200 W. Vas: ooocvoo62 4,00 56,634 32,118 92,752 2,500 57 ,000 35,500 95,000 Wig. ee evécecé qe 4,000 34,000 169,000 207,000 4,500 45,000 174,700 224, 200 WyO, covcscccses 690 12,500 17,500 30,690 700 13,000 18,000 31,700 Total, Conti- aa" 22 4 z ef nental United - J ¿ Joss States ...... $377,778 $4,042,427 $5,737,276/ $10,157,481 \ $395,975 $4,527,430 $6,219,639 $11,143,044 * Estimated by NEA Research Division, a/ Includes junior colleges. 4H > 9, - -ESTIMATED AND ENDITURES, 1956-57 me: Receipt 1956-57 a ESE Expenditure 4 1956- i : Je Y 18 Nonrevenue Total re- 7l nt expense €C [ Total e State ( P i ceipts (in I Expense outlay and rent expense, > thousands (in thou p 1 interest capital state sands thou- Y CCOU ih A TR T7 n ATA Š * ) Ala, ......... $ 135,000" Lt" $ 3,500" $ 123,500* 000* $ 133,000 Js PAP 71,430 35.0 3,032 9, 46 765 38,645 Ark. ... oer 69,43 42,8 2 ), 730 ) 74,178 D 14a g^ PT 1,180, 43.9 85, 1,465, 000 1,370,00 COLO. +5... 109,051 20.4 20,000 129,07 000 118,5 Goi hene sch ac 127,1 "i P, 33, 160,1 127-4 44.0 65,10€ 192, 200 Del. — 6,750 80.4 7,70 34,45C o 326. 0 14,8 34,80 gi Css neces se : 0€ 07 5,831 39,537 KE ¿oo cos 1,884 27 65,145 227 029 GAS Iso eovocvce 165,000 O 40,000 205 y 00 Idaho s...oo.oo 32,001 36.00 10,00C 42,000 Illi — 491,00 70. (X 159,000 650,000 Inds —M 225,000 285.00 71,00C 296 , 000 ÍOWA ..o.ooooroo 153,000 300.00 40,00( 193 ,000 RIA 116,0 300.00 38,500 154,500 "ecco ttt 100,523 186.40 22,450 122,973 — 164,355 295.00 58,223 222,578 coge meii 5,000 210.00 40,000 144,000 206,00 71^ MISS. o...0... MODUS: ose svon DoF de TYTTITT 74,700 5.5 AA 19,840 47.1 Mas Há dé we 3 "des ave Ve eeeeeeee E AAA 4 364.00 35,00€ 146,000 8 335.50 199,000 748,20 5 310.00 4,000 37,100 3 192.00 36,500 131,000 3 286.17 7,872 47,463 7 168. 00 24,000 141,000 2 260. 00 100, 000 520,000 4 258.00 18,564 67,221 252.00 10,100 28, 200 m J 32.1 210.00 45,00 195,000 1 57,400 270,800 153,820 319.00 55,000 208, 820 1 5,000 97,752 O 207.00 10,500 97,300 E per ANA ATAR a de ff ee de 80, 00€ 287,000 33 - OC 85,000 270,00 7 600 31,290 00.00 3,500 28,500 Total, Conti- nental United States .... $10,157,481 39.8% $2,668,497 $12,825,978 $3,073,892 $11,737,42 , , * Estimated by NEA Research Division. a/ Includes junior colleges. "P M M Ve e . iK 10 , B reg. ie » exas Yue se VB. of ndituras 1057 = xpenditures, 195 I L . Capital I cur- P sutlay E S itlay and nt expense, receipts I ou- interest out- e se (in thou- lay and in- sands ) terest (in ra E 2. thousands ) T E ^C a E ^W > ° , i y . , , el , , 11 506 ^ de e La , 92225, * , nd , : 45, 87, 1 365.0 75,000 217,000 , s 40,9 400.0 10,00C 36, 00( d» 48,9 381.11 10,642 48,869 . 15,479 1895 ) 8 290. 91,386 11,044 : M Port ae ve alo Le $ ; 3 15.0 25 ,OC E » 240 48. 00C 48,00€ E : 170, 700. 000 Ac ut bis A oe 49 0 47, . , 25 K^ AAN ,00 . , b.s I» ) e , tf. ID» 42, o , P Do ( je , 0 Jete ^* , a ^ J ) ) . , 9 70 46.4 , 8,558 De 14, 666 46,399 r 7 4 " . , OC De OOU s , 154, , d + E El EN «4 , Me 26 49 ENN . , J0y IM . , y OC 47, dhs DU y UL É ^ 172 Jg . ^ y ATL + LI 225 2,3 ae a L £20 . , 46,631 Ln” 5& AAN 122 noc . 25 , 3 ga e 7 255 45, E 3 161,580 he > , roo De , 4c. , T 2 EN 3.1 ik 20 YA APA PP ^v en é e ^ 303.200 260.00 YO 57. 60, 00C 303, 20C 36 40,00 >. ^^ Q An 5,1) nn^ oo ^ 60. 4,500 y 200 14.0 39, QCC x ) "^v^ 41) nn ^^ 5 w^ £ , DOC 314, 200 345.00 290, 001 e En > IEN IAN rv ^ bl. pit 32,351 430.00 30,75€ 7,745 $13,960,789 $9,547,320 $320.00 $3,336,394 $12,883,714 = 30 < TABLE 11,--ESTIMATED PUPIL ENROLMENT, 1956-57 AND 1957-58 State Public-school enrolment, 1956-57 Public-school enrolment, 1 957-58 E Elementary Secondary Total Elementary Secondary Total 1 2. c Ms ak 6 7 07 SE AS eue 459,702 744,475 466,089 288,711 754,800 DD APA 191,933 242 "389 211,000 55,000 266, 000 Arkansas ic ccccccccocccs 262, 000 418,000 261,000 156,000 417,000 California&/ .......... 1,845,532 2,634,539 1,975, 000 ) 2,815,000 A eO ouceéececoocde 247,50 320,000 265,000 342,500 Connecticut&/ ......... 273,000 126,000 399,000 290,000 132,000 22,000 Delaware ...ommorscroo. 39,830 26,085 65,915 41,985 27,357 69,342 Dist. of Columbia ..... 70,225 37,087 107,312 72,766 37,275 110,041 Florida cocccccccccccce pe 311,762 826,628 561,000 341,000 902, 000 OTTO dadas 690,000 249, 000 939,000 705,000 260,000 965,000 Idaho -cccccccccoviecess 111,019 37,965 148, 984 113,000 40,500 153,500 115: 7 A 1,200,001 370,000 1,570,000 1,260,000 385,000 1,645,000 Indiana ..oosvoros...sso 688, 212,535 901, 517 715,000 220,000 335,000 Towa) .,.6»o0cc0c0005^ 401,31 129,718 531,029 407,449 134,044 541,493 Kansas ———— —— 342,000 103,000 445 ,000 347 , 000 105,000 452,000 EEG" cl areoieecc 488,155 Tode 614,926 495,000 130,000 625,000 LOUÍSIANA Se oeceveocce 492,520 131,232 623,752 510,600 137,800 648,400 NAINO .00.. ovo cevesovve 139,000 44,000 183,000 140,500 44,500 185,000 Maryland ccocccecescces 319,560 187,274 506,834 334,332 197,916 532,248 Massachusetts ......... 523,581 268,357 791,938 525,000 277,000 812,000 MITOS: 109v. A 946, 000 506, 000 1 ,452, 000 990, 000 535,000 1,525; Mimesóla 10. eooov coco 385,000 232,000 617,000 400,300 245,300 645,600 Mississippi ..... ee coe? 446,491 98,740 545,231 445 , 000 102,000 547,000 173,550 756,442 592,877 179,330 772,207 ROME ¿do eee 32,046 129,575 99,761 33,239 133,000 MOMUGHE occur raro Nebraska .... eee eese 195,000 74,000 267,000 200,000 75,000 275,000 o sors 43,601 11,459 55,060 47,000 12,750 59,750 e New Hampshire ........* 63,883 27,255 91,138 65,780 28,52 9,306 A RRA 679,000 202,000 881,000 711,000 211,000 922,000 New Mexico ...osoroo.soo 153,000 1,000 194,000 157,500 42,500 200,000 Ney. York A o sevevso 1 985,000 2,569,000 1,650,000 1,030,000 2,680,000 North Carolina ........ 818,000* 232,000* 1,050,000* 833,000* 242,000* 1,075,000* North Dakota cscccccece 97, 000 31,500 128,500 99,000 32,500 131,500 BIOS e a ery 1,278,639 379,375 1,658,014 1,300, 000 400,000 1,700,000 a A, esses es 332,565 199,539 532,104 337,000 203,000 40,000 ÜrSgon veccccsoccccccee 262,812 87,517 350,329 270,057 92,134 362,191 Pennsylvania bpe oces oe 1,123,894 688,097 1,811,991 1,168,084 702,618 1,870,702 Rhode Island LI . . > ES S f LI LI ......... .. ZO" 9 30 * Li 30'c8 20 *€8 20°69 89 9 9 /? /? zo'c6 zo'€c A ae ds s 9 S41dTeoel MUAJI [93103 JO UƏJIƏd ... . ante n6 of TAT Are Anas ^ ‘ys ..... 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