4b. Disk A Compiled November 1955 Issued December 1955 ADVANCE ESTIMATES OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1955-56 Prepared by Research Division, National Education Association of the United States p S COMPARED WITH the school year 1954-55, the present report shows THIS SUMMARY is a series of estimates that 1955-56 will be characterised by: based upon information supplied by state and territorial departments of education * an increase of 1,273,000 in enrol- and education associations, It is the ments in public elementary and fourteenth in a series of national esti- secondary schools mates begun in 1942-43. 9 an increase of nearly 51,000 in Most of the fi timat instructional staff pubis T EE ms EUR MH τση based upon facts of previous years, ad- justed by expert opinion and preliminary * an increase of $630,000,000 in state studies. A number of the states current expenditures have not completed their statistical compilations for 1954-55 and only a few have systematic data for 1955-56, 9 an increase of $11 in the average expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance On the basis of previous experience š I it is believed that the present summary an increase of 3.8 percent in the presents a reasonably accurate picture average salary of instructional of nationwide conditions as of October staff (classroom teachers, prin- 1955. Adjustments of facts of individ- cipals, and supervisors) ual states may be expected from official studies in the next two years, Elaborate manipulation of these figures, beyond those shown, is not advisable, 9 a relatively static condition in the number of teachers who hold emergency or temporary certifi- cates Most of the foregoing changes were not unexpected but some of them, such as in- creasing enrolments, indicate a further piling up of the instructional, financial, per- sonnel, and housing problems which have adversely affected schools during the past few years, In several respects the outlook for 1955-56 is clearly unfavorable: 9 The enrolment in teacher-education institutions is not gaining rapidly enough to fill the need for qualified teachers, * The accelerated growth in pupil enrolments is still compelling school Systems to employ large numbers of teachers who are not fully qualified for standard cer- tificates, 9 The shortages in buildings and qualified teachers continue to deprive 850,000 to 900,000 pupils of full-time schooling. 9 The shortages of buildings and qualified teachers, especially critical in the elementary schools in recent years, are now producing serious problems at the secondary-school level, especially in urban school districts, ed x The gain of 51,000 in the total number of instructional staff, between 1954-55 and 1955-56, took place at the same time that the number of emergency teachers re- mained relatively static between 80,600 and 80,800 (see Table 4). Number of emergency teachers--In 1939-40 there were relatively few classroom teachers who did not hold "regular" certificates for teaching in their respective states, While state standards of preparation required of emergency teachers vary widely, as they do also for those holding standard certificates, the total number of emergency teachers both within & single state and for the nation as a whole is in- dicative of the shortage of qualified teachers, Actually, it is an understatement of the shortage since the total includes two other conditions which are not readily measured: (aj the number of unfilled positions or vacancies and (b) the number of classroom teachers needed to reduce classes to reasonable size. The number of persons employed who held substandard certificates was about 1 in 340 of the public-school teachers in 1940-41; the proportion jumped to 1 in 7 by 1946-47, Then the proportion declined steadily from year to year until it reached 1 in 15 in 1951-52 and 1952-53, The ratio was 1 in 14 for 1953-54, 1 in 13 for 1954-55, and is expected to be 1 in 14 in 1955-56, The 1953 report estimated that about 71,000 emergency classroom teachers would be employed in 1953-54, The actual number was close to 79,000. The outlook in October 1954 was that the total would be 80,680 in 1954-55 and the present survey indicates that actually public schools employed 80,674 in 1954-55. The outlook for 1955-56 is that the total will be 80,815, The "emergency teacher" situation, thought to be a condition which would disappear within 10 years after World War II, is now apparently static (Table 4), Type and location of the teacher shortage--Details on this point are given in Table ll. A summarized comparison of reports for 1954-55 and 1955-56 (exclusive of the District of Columbia) is as follows: Number of states in which the shortage is Iype of position Very small Considerable — Very large _ 1954-25 1955-56 1954-55 1955-56 1954-55 1955-56 Rural elementary teachers .,... 4 1 27 32 17 15 Rural secondary teachers Regular "090909009090000909020002027 27 13 19 33 1 1 *Special *-e9.0(0?9*00900050505€0€0224602920€0 6 1 33 41 8 5 Urban elementary teachers ..... 13 12 31 32 4 4 Urban secondary teachers Regular v9909909090000000000000 37 28 11 20 0 0 *Special 9 "9090909090900009000090900 13 12 32 32 3 4 E term "special" applies to such fields as industrial arts and physical edu- cation. State departments of education were asked to list the types of teachers or sub- jects where the greatest shortages existed. Of the 32 answering the question: 21 listed science; 17, mathematics; 17, physical education; 14, music; 13, home econom- ics; and 13, elementary. ub e education institutions produced 86,696 persons in 1954-55 qualified in their respec- tive states for regular certificates. If it is assumed that about 66 percent of this number (or 57,000) obtain employment in teaching, then a gap of 114,000 exists be- tween that number and the estimated 171,000 actually needed, Part of the 114,000 need is met by the employment of 80,800 emergency teachers; the remainder of the need (ap- proximately 33,200) is not met except by enlarging classes and other improvisations, Teacher education--3o as to give a general idea of trends in the potential supply of teachers, the present series of advance estimates each October has asked for opin- ions on how the total enrolled in teacher education in the current year compares with the enrolment in 1940-41. The general national situation for a period of years (ex- clusive of the District of Columbia) is shown by the following: Number of states reporting current enrolments as School year Much smaller About the same Much larger than 1940-41 as 1940-41 than 1940-41 1950-51 €0*0000$0600000000092090002€9929€ 5 1i 32 1051-59 vvv Res vro t hi n e vi os sie 3 19 26 1952-53 "-e90600209026000000€00020€006€006$6099€9 4 17 27 1953-54 ""99099099099*099099999*99*97099*299* 6 18 24 1954-55 .Ψο9οοοοφοσοΟΦ0οΦΦο0Ουὐθοοὀοφφους 9 9 30 1955-56 999000 5050000009 099Φο0ουὐύόθυοσοο 4 6 38 The year 1949-50 has been the most favorable since World War II with respect to the proportion of the states reporting teacher-education enrolments as "much larger" than in 1940-41, From 1951-52 thru 1953-54 the trend was unfavorable because of the competition for manpower arising from expanding industries and governmental services, and the heavy manpower demands of the military forces. In 1954-55 there was an up- ward turn in teacher education enrolments which continues for 1955-56. Consultants also were asked for opinions on how the 1955-56 enrolments in teacher education compare with the enrolments in 1954-55, One state reported that this year's enrolments are smaller; 22, that enrolments are about the same; and 25, that enrol- ments are much larger than in 1954-55. In anticipation of the next few years state officials are asked to estimate how well the teacher-education enrolments in 1955-56 would meet the probable demand for teachers in the next three years, The estimates for the 48 states are given in Table 11, columns 10 and 11, Comparisons with other years may be summarized as follows: Number of states expecting supply in the next three years Type of To be short To be balanced To be an oversupply teacher 1952-54 1954-55 1955-56 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 Elementary ... 48 45 48 0 3 0 0 0 0 Secondary .... 22 30 40 20 16 8 6 2 0 From a review of the foregoing opinions with regard to teacher-education enrol- ments it can be seen that the outlook for an adequate supply is not a favorable one. All states expect the shortage of elementary-school teachers to continue into the next three years, With regard to secondary-school teachers 40 states expect a shortage in the next three years, In 1953-54 the number in the "oversupply" column was 6; for 1954-55 the number is 2; and for 1955-56, zero, In other words, the increasing enrolments, -7- Year Elementary Secondary Total 1950-51 Ὁ EOE HEHEHE Ee 19,010,554 6,783,956 25,794,510 1951-52 99992020009 "η, η »η”η πη 19,713,202 6,998,454 26,711,656 1952-53 9959599999 696599696959595969 59 20,121,866 7,410,569 27,532,435 1953-54 Φος 99409099 ο 0064649006 20,029,384 7,887,319 28,916,703 ΡΟ Ου ο eoo o 21,774,216 8,191,836 29,966,052 1955-56 "909040090029 902029*90097999*9 22,630,933 8,607,930 21,238,863 The total of 31,238,863 for October 1955 is a substantial estimate of the number of children and youth who will be enrolled in public schools in the school year 1955-56. It is 1,272,811 above the estimated enrolment in 1954-55, The total column is more reliable than the "elementary" and "secondary" columns taken separately be- cause of variations in the states in classifying Grades VII and VIII, The estimates, compiled by the NEA Research Division (page 6), indicate that the 1955-56 public school enrolment, as of about October 1, exceeded the 1954-55 enrol- ment by 1,272,811, Early in September 1955 the U. S. Office of Education predicted that the 1955-56 enrolment would be 1,352,200 iarger than in 1954-55. In November 1955 the U, S. Office of Education Circular No, 467 showed an increase of only 1,048,172, It is probable that the actual facts are an increase of about 1,300,000, The September estimates of the U, S, Office of Education were that private and parochial schools in 1955-56 would enrol 1955-56 total was estimated as 4,469,900. aN more pupils than in 1954-55, The For comparative purposes the public school enrolments reported by the U. S. Office of Education have been as follows: Year Elementary Secondary Total 1950-51 9990000 09000000 0ὀφσουσοσ 19,900, 000 5,806,000 25,706,000 1951-52 99000004009206009099697€6* 20,680,867 5,881,797 26,562,664. 1952-53 ΟΠ 21,572,000 6,167,000 27,739,000 1953-54 *e90600060002000000600099 22,794,000 6,389,000 29,183,000 1954-55 Φου 09 0ο 600 00000000 0οθαᾳ9 24,091, 500" 6,582,300" 30,673,800 1955-56 €0e0006e00000270602090692096 25,215,000* 6,811,000 32,026,000** (**Figures for 1954-55 and 1955-56 taken from press release issued September 8, 1955, by the U. S. Office of Education, ) Children deprived of full-time schooling--The steadily increasing enrolments, combined with the shortage of qualified teachers and the lack of school buildings, have produced conditions in many communities whereby thousands of children are de- prived of full educational opportunities. The most obvious type of deprivation are those communities where children must attend schools in shifts or for so-called half day sessions, Each year this series of advance estimates has attempted to present an estimate of the number of children who must attend school for less than a full day. It has been difficult to obtain complete and entirely stable statistics on the problem, 3/ U. S. Office of Education press release, Thursday, September 8, 1955, and November 1955, Circular No. 467, Fall 1955 Statistics on Enrollment, Teachers, and Schoolhousing in Full-Time Public and Secondary Day Schools, EA The distribution of average expenditures per pupil for the two years (48 states and the District of Columbia) are as follows: Amount 1954-55 1955-26 $100-$149 e€»02850005€090095066000000000056020009099 2 2 150- 199 eesc$e660e5088006060€0000009060992099906 8 8 200- 249 **009090049099000000000000000069200099€ 9 5 250- 299 eeoeeseseseosengoeeoeonooeeseneres 17 15 300 and over €escae0e(4240900490900260€00090606600602069206297^0 13 19 Total 9€*090060002006900009000000000202€0906 49 49 The purchasing power of the 1954-55 per-pupil expenditure of $264.58 in prewar dollars (1935-1939 base) was $137.95; on a base of the years 1947-1949 its purchas- ing power was $230.67. Both of these calculations are based upon the indexes for September 1954 (191.8 on 1935-1939 base; 114.7 on 1947-1949 base). The purchasing power of the $275.47 in prewar dollars is $143.40; in 1947-1949 dollars the estimated 1955-56 per-pupil expenditure has a purchasing power of $239.75. (For indexes see footnote, Table 6), In 1939-40 the per-pupil expenditure averaged $88,09 for the United States; that amount had a purchasing power of $88.09 in prewar dollars, The gain between 1939-40 and 1955-56 is estimated as 213 percent in current dollars, but in purchas- ing power the gain is only 63 percent (that is, in terms of 1935-1939 dollars). BUILDING SHORTAGE The present lag in school construction began with the depression of the 1930's because of a lack of funds; it continued during the World War II period because of & lack of materials, funds, and manpower for construction purposes. Meanwhile the birth rates in the years since 1940 have accelerated enrolments far beyond the pre- dictions made in the 1930's, Table 12 summarizes the reports for 1954-55, Comparison of the conditions in the states (omitting District of Columbia) in 1954-55 and 1955-56 can be summarized as follows: Number of states in which the building shortage is Type of school Very small Considerable Very large 1954-55 1955-56 1954-55 1955-56 1954-55 1955-56 Rural Elementary ..sccccccccvcce 20 20 21 22 7 6 Secondary (omitting Rhode Tsland ) "9902999002090002002€9 14 14 28 29 5 4 Urban Elementary φοσοοφοουουυσοσοσοὺ 0 0 27 28 21 20 Secondary sesssoocesoensos 3 4 37 31 8 13 The foregoing summary suggests that the building situation for the nation as a whole has improved slightly since 1954-55 with respect to rural elementary and sec- ondary schools. RON TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS, BOARD MEMBERS, AND | 9 ss- SUPERINTENDENTS , 1954-55 AND 1955-56 o E 1954-55 1955-56 Administrative Board members Superin- Administrative Board members Superin- State units (elemen- and trustees tendents units (elemen- and trustees tendents tary and high - tary and high Se ee d MR ως. B 1 2 Α18, α..».»..... 111 565 111 112 570 112 Ari2. «κε... 780 98 285 900 99 ATK. «96669... 2,197 365 424, 2,200 366 Calif. ,...»... 8,000 893— 1,880 7,950 925 = Colo. ........; 2,779 180 1,003 2,470 180 Conn. «96666105 1,252 104 175 1,252 104 Del. .......... 105 432 17 102 420 17 D, C. osooso 1 9 I 1 9 1 Fla. «6966 00000 67 536 67 67 536 67 Gas «...»... 203 1,050 203 203 1,050 203 Idaho ... 178 853 103- 168 823 102 Ill. ος οδος 2,317 13,750 2,800 = 2,2007 10 ! 12,400 2,700— Ind. ... eene 1,110 1,500 270 1,080 1,500 2i Ü TOW ».....»».. 45 417 18,700 C8295 4,1429 4,9 18,300 (81 3 Kang. cocsccces 3,234 10,131 342 3,120 9,789 42 Ky, secccsccecs 224 1,120 224 224 1,120 224 La. ccccecvvees 67 689 67 67 689 67 Maine ...... 492 1,478 117 492 1,478 117 MA. ————— 24 1,360 24 24 1,360 24 MASS. ά.»»»»»», 348 1,548 229 348 1,548 229 4,000 14,000 606 3,750 13,850 606 4,261 14,507 452 3,700 12,750 455 Miss. ... enn 869 3,950 431 600 4,000 435 Mo, secvacccone 3,794 13,863 594 3,600 13,260 590 Mont, ... nnn 1,194 3,780 185 1,173 3,719 185 Nebr. ,,..2.»... 5,669 18,417 465 5,347 17,400 456 Nev. 9696066656 172 520 27 170 514 27 N. H, 9965090090 *230 *823 *48 #230 *823 *48 Ν. δ, ooccoooce 562 4,284 261 564 4,302 263 Νο Mex, α...... 97 485 97 97 485 97 2,253 6,972 169 1,950 6,600 169 " 174 963 174 174 963 174 Dak, ....... 1,950 5,900 138 1,900 5,700 135 0π1ο,,...»,.... 1,306 6,536 306 1,270 6,356 306 Okla, ..... oo 1,802 6,534 665 1,736 6,336 669 Oreg. α».»»».».».. TH, 3,872 113 750 3,752 120 Pa, coccccccces 2,461 12,733 195 2,436 12,616 189 Re οσους 39 212 37 29 212 37 S, C. cecvceses 104 575 195 106 590 197 8. Dak, cescoee 3,374 10,820 338 3,319 9,957 337 Tenn, sesvcscee 152 1,000 152- 152 1,000 152 TexaS ,....».».».. 1,950 11,700 1,092 =~ 1,875 10,900 1,100 =e 40 207 40 40 207 40 263 850 54 261 860 54 130 692 113 130 692 113 Wash, ,........ 520 2,177 253 480 1,978 253 We VB. cosceces 55 275 55 55 275 55 Wide 9999009000 4,601 15,200 116 4,290 14,800 118 WyO. verra. 291 1,089 89. 260 985 91 >2 Total ...... 59,908 231,656 14,504 56,571 ἃ {΄ 222,247 14,431 OM . ed by NEA Research Division, y 1,18 ba 30l fl nav 2 γω 3 MOUS! = 30) a 4G € nf κ. ; Y Tb A gsto Lar pua 4y State oy + Col. 1 Alae (oor nnn AriZ, «κοκ... Ark, 2..»»».»». Calif. sssesess Colo, sescscece Conn, s.n nnn. Del, ...»».»»»».» De C, «λάκκο Idaho α.»...... Ill, 99.99.1490 Ind, "i Tr ee Iowa . 434. Kans. ...»..»»» Mich. «κ.κ... Minn, «99696500 MISS. «9.699... Mo, socccceccce Monte .....-.«» ΠΠ e Dak. ο... Ohio α..».».»,ὐ Okla, ,....»».. Oreg, 5»..»»:.»»., Pas «ο. «6.99 R, I. Utan .......... Vt, cecccvccece Vas ο ο ο...) Wash, α.....».» We Va. voee ιο Ἡγο, eet nn {, 12% Total el +13- TABLE 3,--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 1955-56 Elementary-school classroom teacher * Estimated by NEA Research Division, Men Women Total 2 *1,700 315.550 — *17,250 1,362 4,436 5,798 660 7,240 7,900 11,500 45,000 56,500 *1,780 *7,296 9,076 1,575 8,625 10, 206 195 1,303 1,498 ; 1,834 1,930 14, 000 15,400 18,707 19,857 *2,863 3,488 5,700 33,500 39,200 3,890 DE 14,450 703 13,469 14,17 1,000 10,790 {tae 13,550 15,515 12,100 13,250 *4,400 *4,900 8,527 9,453 2,173 15,680 17,853 6,200 24,800 31, 000 2,720 10,880 13,660 900 9,900 10,800 2,184 16,566 18,750 549 3,515 4, 064. 8,860 9,375 1,201 1,453 11,950 *2,200 21,100 23,500 4,275 4,840 46,440 51,600 *5,200 — *19,566 24,766 480 4,820 5,300 "4,170 «27,920. «32,690 860 8,650 9,510 *1,915 *7,654 9,569 3,404 32,052 35,456 175 2,275 2,450 850 11,400 12,250 445 5,030 5,475 1,725 15,110 16,835 5,900 35,900 41,800 900 2,950 3,850 110 1,790 1,900 630 16,370 17,000 *1,920 — *"10,082 12,002 940 8,050 8,990 2,30€ 14,500 16,800 512 1,538 2,050 94,277 627,574 721,851 Secondary-school Princi- classroom teachers pals and Men Women Total supervi- sors Z 3,656 6,400 10,050 700 1,291 683 1,974 450 2,365 3,235 5,600 555 13,000 16,000 29,000 6,000 1,445 *1,735 3,180 936 2,450 2,550 5,000 800 698 506 1,204 152 585 1,127 1,712 236 4,600 5,800 10,400 1,300 3,900 6,178 10,078 900 *815 751 1,566 404 8,800 8,700 17,500 3,300 4,940 5,210 10,150 20300 4,959 4,308 9 Kap 1,279 3,286 3,201 »487 31900 1,910 3,550 5,460 1,075 2,750 3,950 6,700 1,445 *1,025 *904 *1,929 *200 25 485 4,191 7,676 1,015 5,610 5,883 11,493 1,200 9,000 11,000 20,000 1,775 4,545 5,555 10,100 990 2,275 3,225 5,600 390 3,230 3,670 6,900 1,360 1,017 684 1,70 251 2,050 1,710 3,760 368 269 204 473 132 "645 *620 *1,265 175 5,300 5,650 10,950 1,625 450 1,306 1,750 700 14,465 26,860 41,325 4,825 13,825 *4,877 8,702 1,922 810 1,040 1,850 225 *11,550 *9,840 *21,390 *1,900 3,600 4,500 8,100 2,000 *1,615 *1,978 3,593 1,170 14,002 14,003 28, 005 4,243 925 1,175 25100 320 2,150 4,200 6,350 450 1,325 *849. *2,174 205 2,554 3,832 6,386 2,800 10,575 12,925 23,500 1,850 1,800 975 2,775 420 365 395 760 85 3,100 6,150 9,250 2,450 *2,980 *3,647 6,627 1,199 2,425 3,325 5,750 1800 4,460 3,385 7,845 1,150 570 530 1,100 190 183,541 222,966 406, 507( 36 63,117 Other Ων instruc- Total A tional 1j staff J 1 T" *28,000 225 8,447 60 14,115 1,350 92,850 150 13,342 eee 16,000 m" 2,854 107 3,985 800 27,900 170 31,005 Tm 5,458 sss 66, coc 1,100 31,000 eve 718. hY ee 20,273 eee 22,050 84 21,479 ... 7,029 eee 18,144 40 30,586 T 52,775 ae 24,690 1.9 m" 16,79C T" 27,010 13 029 , eee a > (6 5 Tm 2,058 ... *3,640 ... 36,075 eee 7,290 ... 97,750 . ... 35,390 . ids 7,375 1,3 *120 *55,500 40 19,650 293 14,625 2,264 69,968 Tm 4,870 TP 19,050 m "S -87 ῃ ... 26,021 1,750 68,900 205 7,250 160 2,905 PP 28,700 826 20,654 us pee Tm η eve 3,346 9,917 1,201,392 -15- TABLE 5,--NUMBER OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL TEACHERS LEAVING TEACHING BY REASONS FOR LEAVING, 1954-55 AND 1955-56 Number of Number of teachers teachers State who left who will teaching leave in 1954-55 teaching Percent leaving in 1954-55 because of: Marriage Retire- Going Entering Miscel- or family ment for to other lanecus reasons old age other types of other or dis- states employ- reasons in 1955-56 ability ment l 2 Ala, "rr TP ... Ariz, 3/ ————M P TE Ark, ""——— 2,880 2,900 Calif, sevcveccecvcevececece 9,126 9200 Colo, covcsceccevecccessove 1,200 1,200 CONN v: peii uim o nir ono tini tim 1,100 1,176 Del. sescccccccccceccccoevs 373 400 184 19¢ 2,334 2,406 Idaho sossoccocoseceooosoos 1,004 1,040 Ill. ο EETTEEEEEET TE coe Ind, geecverecsviicsecsveces 2,200 2,400 IowaB/ .,,,»»..»»»»»»»»»»»»» m m Kans, «99966900 1,968 2,300 κ 2,380 2,350 AE al eee tiered eee ... MEIN — nn 683 *700 Md. ————— 2,776 #2,850 MESS, ive κκ κε adus 1,800 2,020 Mich. coccccveccccveccssccs 4,700 4,850 2,422 2,500 3,100 3,100 Mont. ..eeesccccecececceeeec 325 375 Nebr δράμα eee TP NOV, 9999990999 9099000 377 400 N. H, cccccccccvccccccccccs *450 *470 N. Je cecvcccvccccccvccesce 2,469 2,550 ΦΥ 5 70C 5,200 5,400 2,321 2,450 Dak, seoccccccecccccvcces 300 300 Οὐ ecce quin ROCA XN ee S 4,439 4,060 Okla, «9ο ο ο ος 94020050 2,001 2,200 Oreg.8/ "P TP ... | αμα 3,500 4,115 Β, IDA ,,, ies vis S, C. »..5.. 700 70C S, Dak. ... 1,900 2,350 Tenn, Β/ socsososovovonocsoo eve vee TOKAS cocccrcvccsccevsccces 1,206 4,006 Utah ο ο ο ee o oat es 901 1,000 Vte coccccccvccccccccccences 138 140 3,500 3,600 1,500 1,500 1,150 1,60C Wi8S, eescoocececceccccecece 2,363 2,400 WyO. ος ος 9999999999 660 700 Total (32 states) ...... 66,353 72,280 Total (38 states) ...... 76,289 82,820 * Estimated by NEA Research Division. a/ Data not available, b/ Upstate only; not including New York City. E 124 308 “los "251 38 20 19 7 16 26 12 35 23 4 26 20 35 7 12 2 "3i a se as HM 11 ix ae wht 'u = “Ὁ "ui 'u 32 gi “21 EU E "al "9 13 E 38 "30 "15 E: E "25 32 10 27 7 24 40 26 15 5 14 p US ET! al E "s z η "i "s 47 17 15 17 4 #20 #10 #25 #25 #20 46 16 15 5 18 25 9 12 7 47 40 15 20 17 8 51 12 16 16 5 20 2 30 40 8 19 12 11 12 46 18 ll 36 20 15 7 “5 10 18 "20 “50 10 "20 10 10 47 3 15 3 32 'u κῃ "5 vs 2 19 3 7 15 56 39 18 29 10 4 14 6 16 45 19 29 13 23 10 25 21 4 30 8 37 46 10 15 8 21 24 10 28 12 26 31% 14% 20% 14% 21% 2174 TABLE 7,--ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION OF CLASSROOM TEACHERS! SALARIES, 1955-56 Classroom teach- ercent of teachers d State ers! average sal- Below $2,500- $3,500- $4,500 ery, 1955-56 $2,500 3,499 4,499 and above L 2 3 Ζ 5 é ALS, occcvceedresedeces $3,100 20.0% 70.0% 10.0% 0.0% AriZ, (esee ton 4,500 0.0 16.0 42.0 42.0 ADEs νὰ Eco arg s.s.. 2,280 62.0 37.0 1.0 0.0 Calif, scancssccseceser 5,000 0.0 0.1 39.9 60.0 Colo, «ο ο 9902201900 3,780 3.0 46.0 35.0 16.0 Conn, seccccceccsvvevee 4,450 0.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 Del, sseccccccvccececee 4,300 0.5 15.0 39.5 45.0 Fla;8/ μεν 3,980 3.0 55.0 40.0 2.0 3,125 12.0 70.0 17.5 0.5 3,475 1.0 56.0 38.0 5.0 4,550 3.0 25.0 30.0 42.0 Ind. secccccesecesceves 4,100 2.0 22.0 41,0 35.0 ο »͵».-͵͵͵»ν͵ν»͵»ο»ο5 3,388 12.0 43.0 32.0 13.0 KanSs cocsccccsvccsevas 3,510 10.0 47.0 34.0 9.0 KY a «1ο 29ος 94540500 2,450 76,2 17.0 6.6 0.2 La. seseessecocosocesse 3,850 5.0 25.0 40.0 30.0 Maine .... se etn *2,900 *45.0 443.0 *10,0 *»2,0 45326 0.4 20.0 36.8 42,8 4,140 0.0 33.0 42.0 25.0 4,500 2.0 25.0 33.0 40.0 4,000 1.0 32.0 35.0 32.0 MiSS. ον c teco 2,281 65.0 30.0 4.0 1.0 | cevcccccesecvcveses 3,420 24.0 43,0 18.0 15.0 Mont. cecccccccccccccce *3,807 2,0 36.0 41,0 21.0 Nebr. scccesccccecceces 2,900 35.0 45.0 12.0 8.0 ο 4,378 0.0 3.6 54.7 41.7 N. He scsvvcccccccsvces *3,500 *1.,0 *60.0 *34.0 *5,0 Ν Ja cocvevvescoosscece 4,655 0.0 12,2 34.5 53.3 N 4,450 0.0 8.0 80.0 12.0 N. 5,150 0.0 12.0 29,0 59.0 N 3,300 7.1 84,7 8,1 0,1 N 2,900 42.0 48,0 8,5 1.5 *4,165 *0.0 *35.0 836,0 *30.0 Okla, sesoesvossooooeos 3,550 4.0 85.0 10,0 1.0 Oreg, scccescvcccvevere 4,350 0.0 7.0 65.0 28.0 PA, veccevccccescooosce 4,351 0.1 30.9 49.0 20.0 Re I, «2ος 22299026 4,275 0.0 32.0 45.0 23.0 8, C, secccvccvcceseves 2,975 10.0 80,0 10.0 0.0 S. Dak, sesoccecococeoo *3,050 30.0 42.0 14.0 14.0 Tenn, cosvecevccvecvese 3,000 32.0 50.0 11.0 7.0 3,850 3.0 45.0 43.0 9.0 3,680 0.0 20.0 70.0 10.0 3,084 19.0 58.3 21.7 1.0 3,250 *18.0 *53.0 *25.0 *4.0 LIT €——M 4,475 0.0 3.0 62.0 35.0 Wa Vae cocccccccccesces 3,000 24.0 57.0 17.0 2.0 ΝΘ, οο9ο 5959919090 09ο0 3,967 7.0 35.0 32.0 26.0 Wyo. wedéveseseseeodeVse 3,625 7.0 40.0 40.0 13.0 Total je s ruso oo $4,000 8.8% 33.8% 31.44 26.04 * Estimated by NEA Research Division. a/ Includes junior colleges. zo [1 $5 7^ TABLE 9-A,--ESTIMATED RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, 1954-55 Receipts, 1954-55 Expense, 1954- Revenue receipts Nonrevenue Total re- Current expense Capital Total Total (in Percent receipts ceipts (in Total Expense outlay expense State thousands) from (in thou- thousands) (in thou- per pu- (in thou- (1n thou- state sand DS sands)—~ pil sands) sand 1 2 Ala, ,..... $ 96,000 72,95 $ — 7,500 $ 103,500 $ 95,000 $150.50 $ 11,000 $ 106,000 μυ 55,7212 24.8 15,866 71,578- 50,595 288.10 17,571 68,166 μμ 57,918 54.7 8,500 66,418 46,000 126.00 16,489 62,489 Calif.8/... 945,000 42,3 225,000 1,170,000 750,000 316.46 300,000 1,050,000 Colo, sesso 89,823 17.1 18,177 108,000 74,625 289.70 28,000 102,625 Conn, sees. 101,195 16,2 40,000 141,195 101,195 308.50 36,913 138,108 Del, ...... 30,000 88.2 4,880 34,880 16,850 320.00 9,500 26,350 DSe Ca νόσο 35,372 0.0 0 35,372 27,874 290,57 7,375 35,249 Fla,&/ ,... 166,407 50.5 59,661 226,068 132,880 224,75 56,151 189,040 Gae «ων 150,000 73.3 25,000 175,000 135,000 180,00 30,000 165,000 Idaho ..... 535,000 *24.0 *10,000 *45,000 *29,500 235,00 *6,000 *35,500 Ill, νεο. 610,000 13,1. 150,000 760,000 437,000 336.00 140,000 577,000 Ind. ...... 228179 32.7 42,604 270,783 189,564 270.00 35,572 225,136 Towa ,..... | 169,223 Mal. 43,000 212,233 136,000 — 274.0 54,000 190,000 Kans. seess 107,551 — 23.1 18,583 126,134 98,700 — *267.00 36,782 135,482 Ky: rs ον 96,054 36.4 8,400 104,454 80,814 155.10 16,283 97,097 151,595 — 62.9. 38,882 190,477 126,576 250.00 36,238 162,814 31,790 23.8 5,175 36,965 33,456 211,38 4,246 37,702 138,600 30.4 19,400 158,000 110,300 243.00b/ 47,300 157,600 215,000 16.7 50,000 265,000 206,000 320.00 57 ,000 263,000 420,000 50.6 150,000 570,000 352,362 294.00 150, 809 503,171 184,343 39.7 71,079 ' 255,422 164,998 316.00 65,311 230,309 Miss. ..... 62,718 54.8 4,000 66,718 59,936 135,39 3,542 63,478 Mo, 2. 162,955 32,7 40,000 202,955 148,600 244.00 53,500 202,100 Mont, ..... 43,136 25.6 14,095 57,231 37,882 342.00 12,664 50,546 Nebr. ..... 65,000 4B 3,000 68,000 60,000 263,00 9,000 69,000 Νον.,..... 12,813 Δ3,7 8,058 20,871 11,750 293,82 9,032 20,782 N. He «ων *22,900 — #4, *4,500 *27,400 *21,000 «290.00 *4,000 *25,000 Ne Jo ..... 283,900 I8.7 63,000 346,900 240,000 332.00 63,000 303,000 N. Mex. ... 47,837 76.9 *7,500 455,337 47,134 304.00 7,825 54,959 N. Y. ..... 900,000 37.3 300,000 1,200,000 785,000 375.00 350,000 1,135,000 N.C, ..... 181,226 72.4 20,000 201,226 152,421 166.00 39,805 192,226 N. Dak. ... 33,700 25,2 2,000 35,700 30,000 266.00 4,000 34,000 Ohio .,.... 457,549 28,7 132,000 589,549 380,000 «268.00 130,000 510,000 Okla. ..... 100,328 46.7 *20,710 *121,038 100,328 ^ 224.92 20,710 121,038 0568 sesno 127,000 26.3 18,000 145,000 98,932 348.00 38,000 136,932 Pas ες 548,100 37.5 55,361 603,461 446, 200 281.89 200,000 646, 200 Re “To ον ον 30,750 — 12,2— 2,000 32,750 28,000 285.50 4,400 32,400 Ss "US iaae 80,103 60.4 39,824 119,937 79,748 169,00 42,957 122,705 8, Dak. ,., 30,3500 12,2_, 6,534 36,834, 33,506 282,46 5,628 39,134 Tenn, eseese — 107,872 59,0 21,000 128,872 101,000 152,00 25,000 126,000 Texas ..... 375,356 58.2 65,954 441,310 361,300 246.49 85,534 446,824 Utah ...... 58,060 39.5 11,662 69,722 42,235 241.00 19,732 61,967 Vite: esee eis 16,757 26.2 4,932 21,689 15,531 224.44 3,930 19,461 Va. ....... 150,983 35.7 23,288 174,271 123,251 190,00 53,648 176,899 Mash. ..... 172,323 50,7 40,636 212,959 133,187 300,91 40,834 174,021 We Vas sese 81,506 59.0 , 8,604 90,110 73,090 176.00 14,418 87,508 Wis, essees 172,784 15.5 38,500 211,284, 155,000 283,00 78,000 233,000 WYO. ....., 26,400 34.1 500 26,900 22,000 380.00 2,500 24,500 Total ... $8,467,128 37.3% $1,967,375 $10,434,503 $7,182,329 $264.58 $2,484,199 $9,666,528 * Estimated by NEA Research Division, a/ Includes junior colleges. b/ Per pupil in ADM. ο E TABLE 10.--ESTIMATED PUPIL ENROLMENT AND PERCENT NOT ATTENDING REGULAR FULL-TIME SCHOOL 19 «5 -— Percent not 25” 1954-55 Enrolment 1955-56 Enrolment in full-time State Element ^ Second Total Elementary Secondary Total attendance, pi 2 Ala, α......»» 453,990 ΑΤΊΦ, soevccee 166,041 42,793 Ark, ssccccsee 269, 803 148,497 Calif, ,...., 1,787,679 495,033 Colo. .... s 211,500 70,500 Conn, .».»»»εν 234,505 129,878 Del, α.»»»»»»» 37,921 22,547 D, C, coccccce 65,702 38,648 Flas ον... 445,873 255,611 666,808 225,659 *103,176 *35,883 1,027,886 325,274 646,899 192,989 Towa ......... 420,000 128,000 Kans. ...».»... 323,160 95,300 Kyo 9999600006 483,133 115,596 Las i$ ssTsora 457, 664 117,302 Maine ........ 138,730 34,891 Md. α.....».... 289,037 164,763 Mass. .... nn 450,000 275,000 Mich. κοκ 897,000 447,000 Minn, «ον νεα σσ 366,211 216,762 Miss. ....»... 448,780 93,158 Μο, α.»..».»»»»» 568,000 158,000 Mont. α.».».»»» 90,000 30,300 Nar., κκ 193,200 59,550 38,358 9,841 N *59,290 *24,443 N. ο κε 670,000 174,000 N, Mex, scosse *143,000 *37,000 Ns Y. «ο 900. 1,484,000 897,000 N. C, mariana 785,005 215,070 Νοε Dak, ...», 96,500 29,500 Ohio ......».. 1,121,819 320,156 Okla, ... o 394,231 135,649 Orage α.».»:»» 245,341 79,424 Pa, soovsecsee 1,119,161 ^ 643,549 Re. Is secseves 77,194 37,014 B. Co ενός 398,138 154,811 S, Dak. sscece 100,784 31,393 Tenn, 9969900 600,076 140,857 Texas ,,...... 1,318,616 354,985 Utah ,........ 119,476 71,976 Vis ners eesto 51,320 18,022 Mis. Leere 435,404 160,000 WYO. cecccovee 52,493 15,708 Total ..... 21,774,216 8,191,836 * Estimated by NEA Research Division. 720,478 2,282,712 282,000 364,383 60,468 104,350 701,484 892,467 #139,059 1,363,260 839, 888 548,000 418,460 598,729 574,966 173,621 453,800 725,000 1,344,000 582,973 541,938 726,000 120,300 252,750 48,199 *83,733 844,000 *180,000 2,381,000 1,000,075 126,000 1,441,975 ,880 324,775 1,762,710 114,208 552,949 132,177 740,933 1,673,601 191,452 69,342 724,475 484,995 457,768 595,404, 68,201 29,966,052 1,130,522 179, 000 409,100 108,590 623 ,000 1,380,000 120,236 53,100 570,000 391,324 296,000 455,404 55,000 22,630,933 8,607,930 31,238,863 1955-56 * ΟΓΝΟΟΙ” ΙΙ ΣΣ οσουι οἑε-ο!- ot 9 © ο ο ο - WODOOUAUMABOOOOOOOOO .- ese 9 à eee = eee ο - * ο. ax N ΟΡΟ ΟΟΟ”ΟΟΟΟ ΓΟΝΝΙ ο 3 ^ se ο à 9 . ΠΜ ωΟοΟΟΟΙ ὉώοΟὈΟ ώλ ο ΓΗ ΟΟΟΡΟΟΟΟΟΟΟΟΟσΟΟΙ” ἃ State Ál&, ο ο” AriZ, eee ος 62900500 ο ο ο. Calif, »...»..»».»»»»»»» Colo, .... Conn, ο. Del, scccevsccccecssece De ο Fla, secccccccccsesecos Ga. ccvccseveccescooces Idaho — lll 00.566€» v6 πα Inds: sities assis ο 10348 ssccccccccccsoncves Kans. sevccccccescevecs Maina soccccceccvccceve Mde — MASS. ccccccccccccccccs Mich, ο «ος 0562461900 © ssse0e00200cecc050000co0€ Mont, νο 940050 Lp M mo 9 9 91. «εκ... ..... N N N N. Y, cecccesccccccvecs N N « Dak. ο ο ος 9666000 Ohio .,. eese eooeoocooc Okla, .......» ÜPeg. 2v Fes μα. Pa. ——— R, Is ssccrcccccccccocs ERU NP E S. Dak. ο.” Tenn, cacncccccsscccsce TexaB ..,».»»««»»͵»»»»»» Utah »....»».»»..»»»»». Vt, Ον We V&, οκ ος rarhs εν MyO, «ο ος «66.56. Total (42 states)... TABLE 12,--ESTIMATE OF BUILDING SHORTAGE, 1955-56 Build shorta Rural Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary -23- Number of additional ele- mentary-school classrooms needed (if all regular classes were limited to 30 ils κατ. r MÀ * Estimated by NEA Research Division, a/ Data not available, ————————————————————————— ———————D