Compiled October 1954 Issued November 1954* ADVANCE ESTIMATES QF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1954-55 Prepared by Research Division, National Education Association of the United States / \ S COMPARED WITH the school year J 1953-54 the present report shows that 1954-55 will be characterized by: ϱ an increase of 1,259,000 in enrol- ments in public elementary and secondary schools e an increase of 43,000 in instruc- tional staff € an increase of 2000 in the number of teachers who hold emergency or temporary certificates e an increase of $480,000,000 in current expenditures e an increase of $11 in the average expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance e an increase of 5 percent in the average salary of instructional staff (classroom teachers, prin- cipals, and supervisors) Most of the foregoing changes were creasing enrolments, indicate a further sonnel, and housing problems which have years. In several respects the outlook THIS SUMMARY is a series of estimates based upon information supplied by state and territorial departments of education and education associations. It is the thirteenth in & series of national esti- mates begun in 1942-43. Most of the figures are estimates based upon facts of previous years, ad- justed by expert opinion and preliminary state studies. A number of the states have not completed their statistical compilations for 1953-54 and only a few have systematic data for 1954-55. On the basis of previous experience it is believed that the present summary presents a reasonably accurate picture of nationwide conditions as of October 1954. Adjustments of facts of individ- ual states may be expected from official studies in the next two years. Elaborate manipulation of these figures, beyond those shown, is not advisable. not unexpected but some of them, such as in- piling up of the instructional, financial, per- adversely affected schools during the past few for 1954-55 is clearly unfavorable: e The enrolment in teacher-education institutions is not gaining rapidly enough to fill the need for qualified teachers. e The accelerated growth in pupil enrolments is compelling school systems to employ increasing numbers of teachers who are not fully qualified for standard certifi- cates. e The shortages in buildings and qualified teachers continue to deprive at least 7000,000 pupils of full-time schooling. ο The shortages of buildings and qualified teachers, especially critical in the elementary schools in the past eight years, are now producing serious problems at the secondary-school level. * Reissued February 1955 with minor corrections. ed. Number of emergency teachers--In 1939-40 there were relatively few classroom teach- ers who did not hold "regular" certificates for teaching in their respective states. While state standards of preparation required of emergency teachers vary widely, as they do also for those holding standard certificates, the total number of emergency teachers both within a single state and for the nation as a whole is indicative of the shortage of qualified teachers. Actually, it is an understatement of the shortage since the total includes two other conditions which are not readily measured: (a) the number of unfilled positions or vacancies and (b) the number of classroom teachers needed to reduce classes to reasonable size. During World War II, when many te&chers entered the armed services and others took high-paying positions in business, industry, and nonteaching governmental service, it was necessary for school systems each year to employ increasing numbers of persons not fully qualified for regular or standard certificates. The number of persons employed who held substandard certificates was about 1 in 340 of the public-school teachers in 1940-41; the proportion jumped to 1 in 7 by 1946-47. Then the proportion declined steadily from year to year until it reached 1 in 15 in 1951-52 and 1952-53. The ratio was l in l4 for 1953-54 and is expected to be the same in 1954-55. The 1952 report estimated that about 64,000 emergency classroom teachers would be employed in 1952-53. The actual number was close to 70,000. The outlook in October 1953 was that the total would be about 72,000 in 1953-54 but the present survey indi- cates that actually public schools had to employ 78,850 in 1953-54. The outlook for 1954-55 is that the total will be 80,680. The "emergency teacher" situation, thought to be & condition which would disappear within 10 years after World War II, is appar- ently increasing again (Table 4). d locat t acher shortage--Details on this point are given in Table ll. A summarized comparison of reports for 1953-54 and 1954-55 is as follows: N of sta h t hortage is Type of position Very small Considerable Very large 1952-54 1954-55 1953-54 1954-55 1953-54 1954-55 Rural elementary teachers ...... 3 4 29 27 16 17 Rural secondary teachers Regular ......«4 eewe« Vie es 26 27 20 19 1 1 Special im see0a ise. us ES 4 6 35 33 8 8 Urban elementary teachers ...... 11 13 29 31 8 4 Urban secondary teachers Regular ................... 39 27 9 11 0 0 *Special ............. sere ate a 12 13 24 32 2 3 τ term "special" applies to such fields as industrial arts and physical edu- cation. Why teachers ]eave--Thirty-four states (Table 5) have reported estimates of the number of teachers leaving the profession in their states in 1953-54 and in 1954-55. The total of about 70,000 in 1954-55 indicates a turnover of about 8.0 percent of the instructional staffs in those states. The "turnover" does not mean a complete loss to the profession since, on the average for the 27 states reporting reasons for leaving, 18 percent left to go to other states where presumably a majority will continue in teaching. Therefore, it is estimated for the nation as a whole that the total turnover is about 90,000; of these, about 75,000 drop out of teaching. -5- Teacher education--So as to give a general idea of trends in the potential supply of teachers, ihe present series of advance estimates each October has asked for opin- ions on how the total enrolled in teacher education ín the current year compares with the enrolment in 1940-41. The general national situation for a period of years is shown by the following: N tates r ting current e ents as School year Much smaller About t same Much larger i ΠΒ as 1940- than 1940-41 1949-50. . Sis δν xx pa esu Vua Rena 2 13 33 1050-51 ο πμ 5 11 22 1951-52 (οκ esegue μἰόλνηλθηκοὟ κακά 3 19 26 1952-53 ............ οπου 4 17 27 1953-54 2. aneas eiqsavatelate rer S xs 6 18 24 1954-55 .,/ vicio" alee ὁ δι δί5 65 ο ved 9 9 30 The year 1949-50 has been the most favorable since World War II with respect to the proportion of the states reporting teacher-education enrolments as "much larger" than in 1940-41. Since 1950 the trend has been somewhat unfavorable because of the competition for manpower arising from expanding industries and governmental services, and the heavy manpower demands of the military forces. Consultants also were asked for opinions on how the 1954-55 enrolments in teacher education compare with the enrolments in 1953-54. One state reported that this year's enrolments are smaller; 23, that enrolments are about the same; and 24, that enrol- ments are much larger than in 1953-54. In anticipation of the next few years state officials are asked to estimate how well the teacher-education enrolments in 1954-55 would meet the probable demand for teachers in the next three years. The estimates for the individual states are given in Table 11, colums 10 and 11. Comparisons with other years may be summarized as follows: Type of N expect 8 the next t teacher To be short To be balanced T u 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 Elementary .. 45 48 45 3 0 3 0 0 0 Secondary ... 9 22 30 27 20 . 16 12 6 2 From a review of the foregoing opinions with regard to teacher-education enrol- ments it can be seen that the outlook is not a favorable one. Nearly all states expect the shortage of elementary-school teachers to continue into the next three years. With regard to secondary-school teachers 30 states expected a shortage in the next three years. In 1953-54 the number in the "oversupply" column was 6; for 1954-55 the number is 2. In other words, the increasing enrolments, which struck the elemen- tary schools in greater numbers about 1947, shows increasing effect in secondary schools. Teachers’ salaries--The estimated average salary for all instructional personnel (classroom teachers, principals, and supervisors) in 1954-55 is $3932, an amount 5 percent higher than the $3741 estimated for 1953-54. Table 6 gives detailed figures. The purchasing power of the average salary of the instructional staff is shown by two methods of calculation. In 1953 the U. S, Bureau of Labor Statistics issued a re- vised Consumers! Price Index, with 1947-1949 as the base of 100.0 instead of 1935-1939 -7- In a special report2/ made in May 1954, the NEA Research Division estimated that the 1954-55 enrolments in public elementary schools would be 23,400,000; in Grades IX thru XII, 6,600,000--& total for all public schools of 30,000,000. These May esti- mates differ from the October 1954 estimates by 11,157. The May 1954 report of the NEA Research Division estimated that the 1954-55 enrol- ments in nonpublic schools would be: 3,500,000 in elementary schools and 800,000 in high schools--a total of 4,300,000 in nonpublic schools. These figures combined with rounded numbers of public-school enrolments indicate a total enrolment of approximately 25,292,000 in all elementary schools and 9,019,000 in all secondary schools--or a grand total of 34,311,000 in all public and nonpublic schools. For comparative purposes the public school enrolments reported by the U. S, Office of Education have been as follows: Year Elementary Secondary Tota] 1949-50. ος ese areas Sie dis δώ 19,404,693 5,706,734 25,111,427 19502551 iu SE μμ μα ολο 19,900,000 5,806,000 25,706,000 1951-52. SESS E ERI ewig eco .oce emer aate 21,318,000 5,456,000 26,774,000 1952-53 xmi etti A ere — M es 22,039,000 6,197,000 28,236,000 1953-54 ......... M ET LT vi 22,801,400* 6,288,000** 29,189,400'* 1954-55 ............ NU Loos rar oss $^. 24,091,500 6,582 ,300** 30,673, 800** (**Figures for 1953-54 and ΠΡ taken from press release issued August 29, 1954, by the U. S. Office of Education. Children deprived of full-time schooling--The Steadily increasing enrolments, combined with the shortage of qualified teachers and the lack of school buildings, have produced conditions in many communities whereby thousands of children are deprived of full educational opportunities. The most obvious type of deprivation are those com- munities where children must attend schools in shifts or for so-called "half day" Sessions. Each year this present series of advance estimates has attempted to present an estimate of the number of children who must attend school for less than a full day. It has been difficult to obtain complete and entirely stable statistics on the problem. School systems have not always reported crowded conditions by October and, with the completion of new buildings during the school year, some of those on part-time sessions are restored to the regular school hours. On the basis, therefore, of incomplete reporting, the 1952 advance estimates showed that at least 500,000 children and youth were on half day or similar part-time arrangements. The estimate for 1954-55 is that the number may be close to 700,000 (that is, total enrolment multiplied by 2.3 percent, columns 7 and 8, Table 10}. The U. 8. Office of Education has estimated that communities are building &p- proximately 50,000 classrooms a year. Despite this construction the Office stated that construction is not keeping pace with classroom needs. The needs arise not only 3/ Prepared in May 1954, an unpublished revision of: National Education Associa- tion, Research Division. "The Outlook for School Enrollments." Journal of Teacher Education 4: 46-52; March 1953. 207s The purchasing power of the 1953-54 per-pupil expenditure of $250.62 in prewar dollars (1935-1939 base) was $130.12; on a base of the years 1947-1949 its purchasing power was $217.55 Both of these calculations are based upon the indexes for Sep- tember 1953 (192.6 on 1935-1939 base; 115.2 on 1947-1949 base). The purchasing power of the $261.68 in prewar dollars is $136.43; in 1947-1949 dollars the estimated 1954-55 per-pupil expenditure has a purchasing power of $228.14. (For indexes see footnote, Table 6). In 1939-40 the per-pupil expenditure averaged $88 for the United States; that amount had a purchasing power of $88 in prewar dollars. The gain between 1939-40 and 1954-55 is estimated as 197 percent in current dollars, but in πω. power the gain is only 55 percent (that is, in terms of 1935-1939 dollars). BUILDING SHORTAGE The present lag in school construction began with the depression of the 1930!s because of a lack of funds; it continued during the World War II period because of a lack of materials, funds, and manpower for construction purposes. Meanwhile the birth rates in the years since 1940 have accelerated enrolments far beyond the pre- dictions made in the 1930's. Table 12 summarizes the reports for 1954-55. Comparison. of the conditions in the states (omitting District of Columbia) in 1953-54 and 1954-55 can be summarized as follows: N tat t d shorta, 8 I of scho ——NVery small — Considera — Very large _ 1922-24 1954-55 1953-54 1954-55 1953-54 1954-55 Rural Elementary ............... 17 20 25 21 6 7 Secondary (omitting Rhode μμ ασ 16 14 25 28 6 5 Urban Elementary ............... 1 0 22 27 25 21 Secondary ....... site's 35b sore 7 3 34 37 7 8 The foregoing summary suggests that the building situation for the nation as a whole has improved slightly since 1953-54 with respect to rural elementary schools. Last year about 65 percent of the states had "considerable" or "very large" building shortages; in 1954-55 about 58 percent are in a similar predicament. In urban school systems the building problem has definitely become worse. In 1953-54 all but one state had serious shortages in elementary schools and in 1954-55 all states have such shortages. The secondary-school shortage has reached substan- tial proportions. In 1953-54, 41 states estimated that they had serious needs for additional buildings for secondary schools; in 1954-55 the number has jumped to 45. This fact, plus other evidence on the teacher shortage, indicates that the housing of present enrolments now affects both elementary and secondary schools in a majority of the states. Additional classrooms and class size--This year the survey asked state leaders to estimate the number of additional elementary classrooms needed, if all regular classes were limited to 30 pupils. Only 32 states supplied estimates (see Table 12). TABLE 1.--ESTIMATED NUMBER CF BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS, BOARD MEMBERS, AND SUPERINTENDENTS, 1953-54 AND 1954-55 [164 State Administra- ive units 2 ΑΕ ος κ κο να 111 Ariz. 453 TERS Sais core 304 Ark. Gus ον δω Cus 422 Calif: v4 volte ssw 1,961 5615. ο 1,117 Conn. Fendi eens 172 Del. socati eww OR 110 D. ΟΝ. aoii ‘catchers 1 Fla; 4x9 wes E 67 Ga. iis asta'ews ο εν IiS T 203 Idaho sosea cai ramas v 190 DD ip. qq ορ ANNEER ἃ 2,400 Ind, 4 μμ. *1,095 Lowa: § pese Exo 4,558 Kanse seamen se) s 3,375 KY's: ος ον ον 228 Lgs cete xim RDUM 67 Maine «ass κώνο ἀπό *492 Μος ον EN 24 MASS... jug denea vis Paene 348 Mich; wey karania E. 4,532 Minn; τος 56349 xke 4,722 MSS. δρ euis ρώτα 1,370 MOS. Sameiet oani 4,331 Montis cei ee 1,175 Nebr. ieu penpe ssa 6,100 Nevs Pores Eense Ge 175 NeH. ees rens es 235 Nini i: «ὑπολέχοϊθ; asna ars 254 Ν. Mex. ........... 101 δεῖ. «ροφός is 2,648 Το... pisomne sarate aa 174 Ne Dak, «ώς siaran *2,000 Ohio wis axes nacunda 1,340 OK18» s iege: neses 1,888 Oregi « «ewe vex wisis 794, P8 ut Μηνά aAa 2,490 Rl ie aguas Le 39 Θωζων cans a] σα ae scenes 103 S. Dak. ........... 3,383 afeat o O is 152 Texas sew ο utis 2,045 Utah «s Sisi δι 6ο 40 MUS AERA ost slenex 262 MB. ανν ών atin 127 Wash. ............. 535 W: Va. ως μα νι 55 Wis. «wweeaesceu wes 4,958 MyOs saeua εἰ) i 301 Total muesescesetate n 63,874 Board members 562 * Estimated by NEA Research Division. ——————————— "UO Superin- tendents 111 365 795 Administra- tive units 115 295 60,416 Board members 233,849 EX Superin- tendents 174 40 15,120 E TABIE 3.--ESTIMATED NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, 1954-55 State Elementary-school Secondary-school classroom teachers Women Total Princi- pals and supervi- Total sors a = A S) ς ———————— Ala, 444v Aii iian Total... * Estimated by NEA Research Division. Men Women Total Men 2 1,700 15,300 17,000 3,720 1,044 4,121 5,165 780 *1,020 *6,828 7,848 — *2,430 10,500 42,000 52,500 12,500 1,681 *6,850 8,591 *1,385 1,316 8,084 9, 400 2,160 161 1,164 1,325 601 79 1,899 1,978 560 1,050 12,700 13,750 3,950 1,119 18,229 19,348 3,810 #565 2,593 3,158 *965 5,505 31,195 36,700 8,185 *2,960 *11,840 *14,800 *5,175 903 14,165 15,068 4,142 1,517 10,151 11,668 3350 1,775 12,387 14,162 1,767 1,250 11,530 12,780 2,550 *458 — *4,117 *4,575 — *1,200 919 7,925 8,844 3,150 1,760 14,930 16,690 4,795 5,630 22,510 28,140 7,605 9719 10,878 13,597 4,611 1,020 9,780 10,800 2,157 2,031 15,969 18,000 3,167 612 3,450 4,062 860 510 8,400 8,910 1,775 222 1,081 1,30 247 224 1,815 2,039 615 2,250 19,550 21,800 5,000 1,564 3,652 5,216 608 10,010 40,040 50,050 17,440 *5,000 *18,885 23,885 *3,680 *430 — *4,620 *5,050 *810 *3,275 | *25,870 *29,245 — *9,550 1,290 9,50 10,790 3,150 ,833 133 9,167 1,555 3,484 32,808 36,292 14,264 175 2,325 2,500 790 850 11,510 12,360 2,000 #415 *4,990 *5,405 *1,250 1,786 16,072 17,858 2,704 4,429 33,106 37,535 7,964 558 25724. 728 1,650 95 1,755 1,850 350 *675 *15,075 *15,750 *2,930 *2,620 10,477 13,097 *2,204 750 8,090 8,840 2,370 2,120 14,120 16,240 4,360 *125 — *1,750 *1,875 *625 94,084 596,144 690,228 173,466 8,315 16,500 *6,325 *11,500 3,341 7,483 2,970 6,320 590 1,450 1,550 3,2325 182 429 599 1,214 *525 — *1,150 202,540 376,006 2,550 *1,500 1,023 1,883 1,050 *175 60,327 27,110 7,3775 13,898 84,900 12,456 14,675 2,515 3,859 24,375 29,391 5,439 55,750 *27 800 23,774 19,871 2,680 *26,600 19,140 16,390 24,933 *3,200 1,126,561 ——————————————— -15 - TABLE 5.--NUMBER OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL TEACHERS IEAVING TEACHING BY REASONS FOR LEAVING, 1953-54 AND 1954-55 Number of Number of Percent leey. cause of: teachers teachers Marriage Retire- Going Entering Miscel- who left who will or family ment for to other laneous State teaching leave reasons old age other types of other in 1955-54 teaching or dis- states employ- reasons in 1954- abilit ment Γη] Ες κ μι ‘anche 7,000 7,400 40% 254 15% 54 154 Colo. Ἠμβθκα διὰ ends 1,130 1,200 26 12 35 23 4 Conn " i 700 750 é sis Del. $3698 dows 348 365 Dist. of Columbia.. 175 180 39 à Fla, ..... μες 2,372 2,400 10 ; Ga. &/ ο ο te STEN ; , Idaho& PS oo " a Τη}, PRA ta Ind ces dus » sad à Ιονεαβ/,,........... "T > ᾽ Kans. .... πο 2,000 2,250 Ky. «αφή αραβ οσα ‘ 2,313 2,000 15 9 12 9 55 L8. .. osni ος 500 400 30 55 5 10 0 Μεποθ/,,,,,,,,,.,, ‘ e "X M "m ^. ; Md, 4 pause nai Res 2,593 2,7700 35 4 28 6 27 Mass. ....ι.... δρ, 1,200 1,300 25 33 16 8 18 Mole sated utbs 4,500 4,700 X Won bee a is Minn. .. "— 2,422 2,400 42 15 11 29 Miss.a/ πο ους scat . MOs ο να opcs: 3,500 3,500 28 1 35 24 12 Mont.&/ ..... anu awa wie ceive Nebr.2/ ......... j Ras S 4 Nev. POE NS " ἅπας elis " Νη Ην uve uS 430 450 20 10 25 25 20 Nae. fal ets p 2,170 2,260 31 19 16 7 27 Ν. Mex. ........... 988 860 20 5 10 20 45 NG a schist ώς 6,000 6,000 55 15 15 10 5 Νεο, waguxh isis "Wie 2,632 2,700 45 13 13 22 N Dak. a/ erc] |]|]|] 5 5 e.. bee . b. Ohio ενος ρε, eae 4,439 3,787 20 15 10 15 40 18. sevu winyeseieraiete.s 2,151 2,000 19 15 25 24 17 OOE- dein» isaconayonetese 800 600 1 3 50 25 21 Bu Εαν Vea RR s 3,128 3,500 6 45 11 18 20 R.I.RÁ/ gesida Senay e s , Ce a VR GS. eRe 5 1,500 1,500 45 10 17 11 17 SDak, ereen oigani 1,9 1,920 47 3 1 32 lent. sce weder 950 sais $ is Texas ...... ο 1,346 1,200 23 40 3 7 27 Uteh 2. «-caseievererdiateieresiia 581 581 13 5 18 17 47 Vitis. neve οσο 364 360 60 8 10 10 12 VE c drain Seis 2,938 3,000 14 6 16 45 19 Wash, 33 sasssióoaos 1,845 1,900 29 13 23 10 25 Ν. V&. «ences aitas 700 1,056 26 4 37 10 23 Wis. a.s.a.. ina 2,261 2,321 45 10 15 13 17 WY Oise que νο τς τῶν 650 675 28 8 16 10 38 Total (27 states) 57,493 57,570 32% 15% lef 14% 21% Total (34 states) 69,088 69,715 8/ Data not available. aq. TABLE 7,--ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION OF TEACHERS! SALARIES, 1954-55 Classroom teach- Percent of teachers paid State ers! average sal- Below $2,500- $3,500- $4,500 ary, 1954-55 $2,500 3,499 4,499 and —————————————————————————— Pc Alas. ώμο. seats $2,550 55.0% 35.4% 10.0% 0.0% ADiZ. ος κος eres *4,150 0.0 22.0 43.0 35.0 Πο Φα ary ο ως *2,165 73.0 25.0 2.0 0.0 Calif. sersa vevwis neida 4,925 0.0 0.3 45.0 54.7 COMO. ~ ες στρες inca 3,530 6.0 60.0 24.0 10.0 Conn. secans stewie ale eia aiu 4,250 0.0 35.0 35.0 30.0 Del. auieseseies) rdum ss 4,220 1.0 24.0 55.0 20.0 Da ou pma Aud am Lin 3,725 3.0 64.0 31.0 2.0 αν ETÀ 2,875 22.0 70.0 8.0 0.0 Idaho. ον «ο νά πως 3,424 1.0 58.0 39.0 2.0 Πο πονῶ; κών 4,350 6.0 30.0 29.0 35.0 Ind PPP *4,100 *3.0 *27.0 *40.0 *30,0 IOWA. «ος τα ιο area s ej rein 3,190 14.0 45.0 29.0 12.0 cur P 3,350 12.0 45.0 34.0 9.0 Kye qauvdjeduearewdyd o eo aa *2,475 62.0 28.0 6.0 4.0 Lag ο ιο Scefbss uie ators 3,850 5.0 25.0 40.0 30.0 Maine ......... senis 8 *2,800 *48.0 — *42.0 *9.0 *1.0 Md. Queens égextrorevece kni 4,147 0.6 30.3 36.5 32.6 Mass. ouest SES as 4,045 0.0 25.0 50.0 25.0 | T1 σοκ sepsis 4,300 5.0 30.0 40.0 25.0 MAREC BAS R 3,500 8.0 38:0 30.0 21.0 MiSS. 6 cles etx — 2,050 79.2 16.0 4.7 0.1 Mo, mowr T ο σα 3,235 29.0 40.0 17.0 14.0 Mont ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΡ 3,575 6.0 53.0 37.0 4.0 NEU ο sU cde suite 2,900 *35.0 — *45.0 *12.0 «8.0 Nev. dsewewkaseaaapenan i 4,074 0.0 11.0 67.8 21.2 MUo e penaa 3,360 3.0 63.0 31.0 3.0 I, JR. easievais AEN AIEI reta ice 4,260 0.0 23.8 33.0 43.2 N Mex. ewieanenmuee — 4,240 0.0 20.0 60.0 20.0 | EBORE UNAM 4,950 0.0 18.0 26.0 56.0 Nos ο ο t ao 3,228 9.0 83.4 7.5 0.1 Ns Dak, ws. comeare *2,800 *45.0 *46.0 *8.0 *1.0 ONL: f.araraceiiaeierayererete noan , 3,9'75 0.7 41.3 31.8 26.2 Okla «Οικ ations wives " 3,445 5.7 92.4 1.4 0.5 Oreg, ον ο coast 4,150 0.0 20.0 62.0 18.0 Pei oabi OD Jes 4,020 1.2 42.0 38.4 18.4 Ril. sase κος NESE THES 4,025 0.5 37.5 45.0 17.0 DIU. τν etd africa SiS 2,803 27.0 66.0 7.0 0.0 Ss DENCE ness A vele 2,900 30.0 42.0 14.0 14.0 Tenn. duh ineaewbared ke: : 2,710 51.0 38.0 8.0 3.0 Texas ais vies via ae S Rite as 3,842 2.0 50.0 37.0 11.0 Utah. sq sereu iiid maus 3,950 0.0 60.0 37.0 3.0 ο ο ο πα 2,890 25.0 55.0 19.0 1.0 MÁS να μονο», 3,130 22.0 55.0 20.0 3.0 Wash. eee ακ/αίο toic ia "P 4,310 *0.0 *8.0 *65.0 *27.0 W: Vas «ee vk οφ ule vs 2,975 24.0 60.0 15.0 1.0 κο ew) ο ονομά 3,732 10.0 38.2 26.8 25.0 WYO. sere sees vas SCA *3,475 *2.0 *51.0 *36.0 *11.0 Total awwpivaudrebueruaMa $3,816 11.9% 36.6% 29.2% 22.3% eee * Estimated by NEA Research Division. eee -19 - TABLE 9-A,--ESTIMATED CURRENT EXPENSE AND CAPITAL OUTLAY, 1953-54 Total current d Current ex- Total capital Percent of total State expense 175 - pense per outlay revenue from in thousands em ; 7,55 πμ... 43,000 265.28 18,748 27.0 Ark, c adds 44,600 125.00 14,000 50.5 πο ORAN 713,000 324.00 250,000 48.9 Colo. adds 65,400 272.71 28,000 18.9 Conn. α...... 90,085 288.44 31,893 17.2 Del. "ates wand 16,205 315.00 6,000 84.8 DGS. bean μη 25,000 277.00 3,313 0.0 Flas eas iri 117,933 217.00 41,032 50.7 Gay meets ο εν 110,995 157.28 20,000 72.6 Idaho wedge : 220.39 77,956 22.1 ni j 384,488 293.21 139,237 10.9 Ind. aspis are *171,310 *252.00 *20, 000 *38.0 IOWa ee 132,000 273.00 *40, 000 10.1 Kans . 86,208 260.00 6,300 20.5 Εν ώς í 74,000 146.00 8,150 40.2 La. .. f 112,373 230.00 34,463 65.4 Maine ....... *29,000 *195.00 *3 000 *17.7 Lee aisles 98,758 231.008/ 48,161 35.9 Mass. ....... 167,000 249.008/ 35,000 16.2 Mich. seaun. 300,000 263.16 135,000 61.8 Minn. ....... 153,135 305.00 76,392 39.2 Miss. ....... 54,554 113.01 3,458 50.7 μη: ; 140,000 232.00 40,000 33.5 Mont is 35,800 301.908/ 6,700 24.1 Nebr. ....... 55,000 245.00 6,180 10.0 Nev 9,664, 271.16 5, 774. 41.2 Nah. -wnpretemes 19,711 249.168/ 2,433 i Ns. ns piget 234,000 338.00 47,000 16.5 N. Mex, ..... 39,861 270.00 *6,000 82.5 i 716,000 356.00 255,000 36.4 N.C 141,724 161.00 22,094 69.9 Ne Dak. ..25 *29, 000 *250.00 *5,000 *24.1 Ohio ἀφο. 333,600 241. 808/ 128,000 24.8 Okla. μα : 223.2 24,518 30.7 Oreg. ud scares 89,900 332.00 40,000 30.1 fü. deu gage 426,200 275.00 175,000 33.0 R.I , 28,000 275.00 2,500 11.6 Sec κ, 79,724, 173.00 52,184 74.7 S. Dak. ..... 31,251 269.05 4,910 12.0 Tenn. cess... 98,194 154.00 28,500 61.0 Texas ..... " 214,402 227.75 83,918 51.1 Utah ών να 36,099 216.42 13,908 41.9 Vts nay eap 14,519 238.00 3,216 26.3 Va. ους PN 110,651 177.24 70,747 32.2 Wash. ssc; ó 127,797 290. 08 43,016 53.9 W, Vas asaan. 72,318 176.00 19,872 63.2 Wis. alsana. 135,000 285.00 35,000 19.3 WYO oiaren 20,135 360.00 2,046 34.8 Total .... $6,540,333 $250.62 $2,101,174 37.7% * Estimated by NEA Research Division. Please note that three zeros should be added to amounts listed in colums 2 and 4. a/ Per pupil in ADM. 2o TABIE 10,--ESTIMATED PUPIL ENROLMENT AND PERCENT NOT ATTENDING REGULAR FULL-TIME SCHOOL DAY Percent not L st 1953-54 enrolment 1954-55 enrolment in full-time State Elementary |). vui Total Elementary Secondary Total attendance, ad *S 6ο l Ala. .... 437,297 248,724 686,021 448,970 254.677 703,647 1.0% Ariz 151,600 36,500 188,100 158, 000 39,500 197,500 3.0 Ark. e.. 268,674 153,000 421,674 271,000 155,000 426,000 3.0 Calif 1,646,817 450,412 2,097,229 1,778,400 483,400 2,261,800 6.5 Colo. 204,165 62,369 266,534 224,000 68,000 292,000 13.0 Conn. 224,764 ^ 115,609 340,373 231,000 126,000 357,000 0.0 Del. 2, 35,905 20,435 56,340 35,372 22,549 57,921 2.5 D.C. 65,369 r441 1027810 66,103 38,388 104,491 0.9 Els, v4 415,909 232,700 648,609 444,000 252,000 696,000 4.0 Gar lv 650,882 211,879 862,761 *663,800 *221,200 * 885,000 1.0 Idaho 101,613 34,763 136,376 103,176 35,883 139,059 *1.0 iil. me 1,058,524 ^ 340,466 1,398,990 1,132,400 357,600 1,490,000 *1.0 Ind. .... *550,630 *204,723 *755,353 *569,400 *210,600 *780, 000 *1.0 Iowa 400,300 125,000 525,300 411,000 130,000 541,000 *1.0 Kans 270,311 91,424 361,735 285,225 92,822 378,047 1.0 Ky. ..... 484,837 . 108,381 593,218 494,534 115,968 610,502 1.0 las a pus 443,214 109,227 552,441 460,000 115,000 575,000 0.0 Maine *132,000 «38,000 *170,000 134,940 38,060 *173,000 κο, M, ..... 279,514 147,961 427,475 289,037 164,763 454,800 3.0 Mass. 468,000 204,000 672,000 472,000 226,000 698,000 0.3 Mich. 832,438 422,028 1,254,466 879,000 445,500 1,324,500 1.0 Minn. 355,053 204,081 559,134 368,945 210,357 579,302 1.0 Miss. 450,110 90,047 540,157 451,000 91,000 542,000 0.0 MO eua 556,000 154,000 710,000 575,000 157,000 732,000 2.0 Mont. 84, 829 27,950 112,779 89,614 29,028 118,642 0.2 Nebr. 186,000 59,000 245,000 195,000 60,000 255,000 0.0 Nev. .... 31,967 7,948 39,215 33,289 8,898 42,187 8.7 N.H. 61,2698/ 19,003 80,272 59,290 24,4438/ 83,733 0.5 N.J. 643,000 164,000 807,000 670,000 169,000 839,000 4.0 N. Mex 138,155 35,113 173,268 149,207 38,273 187,480 *2.0 N.Y. 1,473,900 842,000 2,315,900 1,556,000 860,000 2,416,000 4.0 N.C, 759,419 206,323 965,742 798,417 219,650 1,018,067 0.1 N, Dak *90,597 *27,710 *118,207 *93,555 *27,945 *121,500 *0.5 Ohio 978,734 440,715 1,419,449 1,031,827 4693580 1,501,407 1.5 Okla 399,392 123,578 22,970 410,000 125,000 35,000 2.0 Oreg 236,745 75,819 312,564, 249,287 78,611 327,898 0.15 Pav paoka 1,140,634 609,000 1,749,634 1,171,868 637,000 1,808,868 5.8 D To ae 73,000 35,500 108,500 75,710 37,290 113,000 0.5 S.C. -. 398,019 141,418 539,437 410,608 122,701 553,489 0.0 S.Dak. , 884 0,555 128,439 101,000 31,000 132,000 0.0 Tenn. . 580,200 136,095 716,295 599,643 140,657 740,300 0.03 Texas 1,256,130 335,404 1,591,534 1,313,733 351,096 1,664,829 0.02 Utah 114,386 68,778 183,164 119,799 72,033 191,832 0.0 Vt. 1... 49,998 17,907 67,905 52,500 18,057 70,557 0.0 Ven ul. 521,112 174,165 695,277 *540,000 *180,000 *720,000 *7.0 Wash 351,820 106303 458,123 372,431 112,368 484,799 1.0 W.Va, 297,564 154,427 451,991 298,000 159,000 457,000 0.7 Wis. .... 397,000 157,000 554,000 401,000 160,000 561,000 0.0 Wyo. .... 52,821 15,450 68,271 *54,000 — *16,000 *70, 000 *0.0 Total.. 20,897,801 7,854,331 28,752,132 21,792,170 8,218,987 30,011,157 2.3% * Estimated by NEA Research Division. Column 8 should indicate percent of total enrolment on half-day sessions or any plan providing less than full regular school day. a/ Includes grades 7 and 8 of junior high schools. an a TABLE 12.--ESTIMATE OF SCHOOL BUILDING SHORTAGE, 1954-55 Number of additional elemen- Rural schools Urban schools tary school classrooms needed State Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary (if all regular classes were limited to 30 pupils) 2 Ala. saa *Some *Some *Large *Some suis Ariz. .... *Small *Some *Some *Some iios Ark. ges Large Some Large Large 200 Calif. ... *Some *Some *Large *Some Y Colo. .... Some Some Lerge Some 2,000 Conn. .... Some Large Large Some 475 Del. «esse Some Small Some Some 20 D.C. ike aa ias Some Some 409 Flas: auae Large Large Large Large 900 Ga. ...... *Some *Some *Large *Some T Idaho .... Some Some Some Some erste Ill. ..... Small Some Some Some cei Ind. eus * Some *Small *Large *Some es Iowa ..... Small Small Large Some 2,982 Kans, .... *Small *Small *Some *Some — Kya. eee Large Some Large Some 10,000 Lae 35 Some Some Some Some 2,087 Maine .... *Some *Small *Some Some ins Mi. $222 Small Small Some Some 928 Mass. .... Small Some Large Large 500 Mich. .... Some Some Large Some 300 Minn, .... Small Some Large Large M Miss. .... Large Large Some Some sii Mo. ...... Small Sma11 Large Some 2,350 Mont. .... Small Small Large Some 406 Nebr. .... Small Small Some Some 500 Nev. ..... Small Small Some Some 70 NH, Voss Some Some Some Some 120 Nd. vues Some Some Large Large 330 N.Mex. ... Large Large Some Some 400 N.Y. eda Some Some Some Small 2,500 Nal. suu Large Some Large Large ues N.Dak. ... *Small *S3mall *Some *Some s mia Ohio ..... Small Some Some Small 2,000 Okla. .... Small Small Some Some 3,100 Oreg. .... Some Some Some Some 603 PR. sasa Some Some Some Some 2,251 Rol. sanis *Small vs *Some *Small "€ S.C, ..... *Some *Small *Large *Large aa S.Dak. ... Small Small Some Some 200 Tenn. .... Some Some Some Some 1,800 Texas .... Small Some Large Some 6,000 Utah ..... Some Some Large Some 560 Mop Large Large Some Some 400 Vas uod s *Some *Some *Some *Some ices Wash. .... Some Some Large Large FEM W.Va. . Small Some Some Some 1,580 Wis. seise Small Some Some Some 700 Wyo. ..... Small Some Some Some 100 Total .. sere eere T ‘ne 46,841 (32 states) *Estimated by NEA Research Division.