Research Bulletin 


OF THE 
National Education Association 





INDEX TO VOLUME XVIII, 1940 


Academic freedom: conclusions as to public opinic yn recognit 36-37; changes 
8: oaths required of classroom teachers, 72; publ 1938-39 in | ls of preparation of, 
opinion on question, Should teachers discuss issues?, 19% 1919-; 1938-39 in years of experi 
08, 213; public opinion on question, Should youth discu in citi¢ ver | in population, 1 
issues?, 197, 208, 213; references on, 78; status of the of experier ( in service in certain 
teaching profession, 72-73. changes in percent of, with 4 or more years ¢ 
Administration of local schools: adapted to needs of f in 10 school sy , 14; comparative status 
fessional teachers, 36. 161; comparati atus of rural and, in the 
Administrators: responsibility for improvement, 15 p with respect raining, experience, tenure 
iso Rural superintendents. 161: constr ogram of professior 
Age: estimated median, of teachers, 55 service, 37 liff ces in preparation 
Alexander, Thomas: referred to, 12, 38, 3 salaries of, in to size of city, school 
Altstetter, M. L.: referred to, 38. region, 1938-39, 29; encouraging, to continue 
Alves, Henry F.: referred to, 77, 78, 152, 153. fessional growth, 33; enriched curriculum 
American Association of Teachers Colleges: referré tive, 36; estimated average annual salaries 
to, 38. 22; estimated distribution of salaries paid 
American Chemical Society: report cited, 38. ; factors tending to reduce the proportion 
American City Bureau: referred to, 13, 19. fourteen years of gress of teacher pre 
American Council on Education, Commission on Teacher Pennsylvania, 14; how salary schedules recogni 
Education: studies of teacher education cited, 38 aration of 1; increased participation by n 
American Council on Education, Committee on Imple munity living, influences tending toward greate: 
mentation of Studies in Secondary Education: and permanence in the profession of, 20-21; influences tend 
survey of public opinion on youth and education, 191 ing toward transiency in the profession of, 21; length 
appointed in 1939, 188. service of, by city ze, 16-17; length of service of, 
American Federation of Labor: American Federation o region, 18; length of service of, by school divisi 
Teachers affiliated with, 69. length of servic f Negro, 18; levels of 
American Federation of Teachers: a professional as as related t distribution, 10-11; 
ciation of teachers, 69. aration of, as o school division, 
American Historical Association, Commission on the preparation of, ; ited to size of city, 
Social Studies: report quoted, 33; reports cited, 38 preparation of, 38-39, by school divisio 
American Institute of Public Opinion: fact collected of preparation of, in service, 7—15; levels of 
by, as to youth and education, 188; Sounded. 190; re of, in service, 1938-39, by geographic region, 
ferred to, 191, 192, 210; surveys conducted by, 191. of preparati of, in service, 1938—39, by size 
American Youth Commission: and survey of opinion on levels of ne aration of, in service in 122 
youth and education, 188, 191, 192 30,000 in population, 1938-39, by type of salary 
Anderson, E. M.: referred to, 159. 47: levels of preparation of, in service in 
Association for Childhood Education: report on teacher schools for Negro pupils, 1938-39, by size 
education cited, levels of preparation of, in service in segrega 
Attendance: rural school, 155-57. for Negro Is, 1938-39, detailed distrib ut 
Axtelle, George E.: referred to, 39. of city, 43; levels of training of, under salar 
of different types, 31-32; levels of prepar ation 
Bacon, Francis: quoted, 52. mentary-school, werking under two types of salary 
Bagley, William C.: referred to, 38, 77. ules, 32; levels of preparation of Negro, 11; local school 
Beale, Howard K.: referred to, 78. administration adapted to needs of | 
Benson, Lawrence: and survey of opinion on youth and median — f preparation and percent of, with 4 years’ 
education, 191, 192. preparati in 122 cities over 30,000 in population, by 
Bibliography: of public opinion on education, 210; of the type of salary schedule, 32; median levels of preparation 
status of the teaching profession, 77-78; of teacher edu of, 1938-39, by region, 10; median levels of preparation 
cation, 38-39. of, in service, 1938-39, by size of city, 7; median salaries 
Blose, David T.: referred to, 54, 77, 78. of, in Michigan, 1937 , according to level of prepara 
Blue, Harold G.: referred to, 6, 16. tion, 28: median salaries paid, grouped according to 
Boykin, James C.: referred to, 30. amount of experience of, 1938-39, 25; median salaries 
Brewton, John E.: referred to, 150. paid, grouped according to level of preparation of, 1938 
Broady, Knute O.: referred to, 157. 39, 24; dian years of teaching service of, i ervice, 
Brooks, Fowler D.: quoted, 33. 1938—39, by geographic region, 18; median years of 
Broudy, H. S.: referred to, 137. teaching experience of, in service, 1938-39, by size of 
Brunner, Edmund de S.: referred to, 137, 157. city, 17; redian years of teaching experienc ‘ i 


n 


pre té | 6; 


Brutus: Cassius’ classic reply to, 52. service regated schools for Negro pupils 
Bryce, James: quoted, 189. by size of city, 18; percent of, at each of 
Buckingham, B. R.: referred to, 39 preparation, 1938-39, by school division, 9 


Butterworth, Julian E.: referred to, 152. with 4 or more years of preparation, 1938-39, 
city, 8; percent of, with 4 or more years of preparation, 


Cantril, Hadley: and survey of opinion on youth and edu- 1938-39, by region, 11; preparation and experience of 
cation, 192; Rcmeed 1 signed by, 188; referred to, 210 Negro, as related to salaries, 24-25: recognition of full 
Carr, William G.: foreword signed by, 188. professional status of elementary-school teaching, 33; 
Cassius: classic reply to Brutus, 52. regional comparisons of salaries of, as related to training 
City teachers: a look ahead, 35-37; administration of and experience, 26; regional differences in prepara 
salary schedules, based on preparation of, 32; average tion, experience, and salaries * 1938-39, 27; relation 
levels of preparation of elementary, in 14 school systems ship of various factors to levels of salaries of, in Minne 
1916-17 and 1938-39, 14; average salaries paid, by ge sota cities below 30,000 in Bnd om ving 937-38, 2¢ 
graphic region, 1938-39, 25; better social and economic salaries and experience of, 24; salaries and preparati ion 


[1] 


l 











perience ot 
pupils, 1938-39 
teachers in city 
teachers 


the future 





protession Necting 

lark, Harold F referred to, 77 

laxton, P. P referred to, 14 

Walter D referred to, 143 
University, Teachers College, 

Studies: Pittsburgh l 


School 


( 
C 
Cocking, 
Columbia 

Fie ld 


Community 


Division o 


Survey reterre t 


living: increased participation by teachers 1 





Consolidation. See Rural educatior 
Cook, Katherine M.: referred to, 10 
Cooperative Study of Secondary 
tud f teacher education cited, 38 
Curriculum and instructional supplies in 
| lopment in rural education, 
pr pective te ichers, 36 


Cyr, Frank W.: referred to, 


School Standards 


rural « 
68; deve 173; enriched, f 


152 


David, Paul T.: foreword 
Dawson, Howard A.: refer 
Dawson, Virginia: referred to, 159 
Democracy: current public discussion 
fe ation in a, 76; public opinion 


188 


signed by, 
red to, 152. 


and 
and, 189 


reinterpret 


} 
iu¢ 


Dunn, Fannie W.: referred to, 158 

Economic status: of teachers, 60—61; references or 

Edwards, Newton: and survey of opinion on youth and 
education, 191 

Eells, Kenneth W.: referred to, 78 

Eells, Walter Crosby: referred to, 77 

Elsbree, Willard S.: referred to, 77. 

Eurich, Alvin C.: referred to, 15 

Evenden, E. S.: referred to, 6, 7, 16, 19, 30, 33, 39, 


Experience of teachers. e City teachers 


Feder al Works Agency, PWA, Division of Information 


ess release cited, 

Finenes: conclusions as to public opinion on finan¢ ind 
federal aid, 209: for rural schools, 146—49; increase 
decrease in percent of school revenue obtained from te 
sources in 1938 as compared with 1928, 147; legislat 
affecting rural schools, 143-44; percent of school reve r 
obtained from state sources in 1938, 148; public opinior 
on question, Is too much spent for schools?, 201; publ 
opinion on question, Should the poorer states be helped 
102; public opinion on question, What should be spent 
for Negro education?, 204; recent trends in rural school 
upport, 146—47; trends in acquiring and spending public 
revenue, 75-76; trends in state school support, 147—4 
urgent needs in rural school support, 146 

Frazier, Benjamin W.: referred to, 39, 77. 


Friswold, I. referred to, 152. 


founded American Institute of Publi 

referred to, 210 

referred to, 6, 16. 
referred to, 6, 


Gallup, George: 
Opinion, 190; 
Gamble, Guy C.: 


Gaumnitz, W. 10, 








General Education Board: funds obtained from, 38, 188, 
101 

Givens, Willard E.: forewords by, 4, 52, 84, 132 

Glenn, Charles B.: referred to, 5 

Gowans, Harry W.: quoted, 34 

Grace, Alonzo G.: referred to, 152 

Havighurst, Robert J.: and survey of opinion on ith 
nd education, 191 

Health: health services in rural schools, 171-72; instru 
tion in health education in rural schools, 171; publi 
pinion on required physical examinations for school 
children, 200; references on mental and physical health 
of teachers, 78; status of classroom teachers, 70-71 

Henzlik, Frank E.: referred to, 15, 39 

Herring, E. Pendleton: referred to, 210. 

Holy, T. : referred to, 152 

Hope, James H.: referred to, 155. 

Hoskins, E. R.: referred to, 158. 

Hubbard, Frank W.: and survey of opinion on th and 
education, 192 

Hubler, Richard G.: referred to, 210 


[2 


International Institute of Teachers C 


Manley E 


Irwin, 


referre 
Jaggers, Richard E.: referre 
John Dewey Society: yearlx 
Juckett, E. A referred t 
Keesecker, Ward W.: ref« 
Keith, John A. H referre 
Kentucky Department of E« ee at 
King, Roberta: referred to, 


Kolb, John H.: referred t 
Latham, Frank B.: referre 
Legislation iffect 1 
Academic freedom Ret Tet 
Library of Congress, Legislative 
terred to, 14 
Library services: in 
Lincoln, Abraham 





rural s 
quote | 
Marital 

and w 


Mathematical 


teachers 
who are 
Association of America 


of 


teachers 


status 


men 


McGehee, Tom: referred t 

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, We 
sion: report cited, 78 

Michigan Réncetion Associati 
eferred to, 191, 210; Sul iP 
lems Commiuttee referred t 

Minnesota Education Associati ( 
ind Information referred t 

Mobility: of teachers, 59; refer 

Modern Foreign L anguage Stud eport 

Moffett, M’Ledge: referre 

Morphet, Edgar L.: referre« 

Murchison, Carl A.: referre 

National Committee on Science Teaching 


9 


National Council for the Social Studies: r« 
National Education Associatior lresse 
ys referred t Be n | ed t ) 
tion of te ichers in, 1939 ‘ t 
studies of teacher education t ) 
National Education Association, American As 
of School Administrators: I ted 


National Education Associati¢ on, C 
Freedom: report 
National Education Association, C 


mmittee on 
cited, 78 


nomic Status of the Rural Te aher re} 
to, 60, 8 9, 160, 1 

National Education Association, C mmittee or 
nomic Status of the Teacher t te 

National Education Associati Committee 
Opportunity: referred t 

National Education Associati Committee 


referred to, 31; study of city t rs suggest 

National Education Recocled n, Committee 
Preparation, and Certification f Teachers 
cited, 39 

National Education Associatior 
reports cited, 78, 145, 

National Education Association 
room Teachers: yearbook refe1 

National Education Association, 
Schools: referred to, 38 

National Education Association, 
Education: 1 


— 


mmittee on 
De partment 
De p artment 


Department 
reports cited, 154 158 


National Education Associatio esearch | 
ferred to, 2 28, 56, 58 1, 66, 77 
143, 144, 148, 147, 154. 15 

National Education Association, Research Divi 


Association of School 
cational search Service Cir 
National Education Association 
National Council on Teacher 

78, 145. 
National Education Association and 


American Administrat 


Re reterre 
Research Divi 


Retirement: re 


American 


tion of School Administrators, Educational 
Commission: and survey of nion on youtl 
cation, 192; referred to, 78: rey t 1oted, ( 

National Society for the Study of Education ( 
on General Education in t American College 
to, 15 

National Society of College Teachers of Ed 
yearbook referred to, 12, 3' 


National Study of Sesteasionnl E lucation in He 
Physical Education: report g 





National Survey of the Educati of Teacher 
l¢ 10, 33: referred to, 39 

National Youth Administration lic inf 
opinion on, 206-207, 208 

Negro education: public opin s to wha 
spent for, 204. See also Negro teachers in city 














David: referred t 154 


N c M & ms reterre lt ] 14, > 
North Central Association of Colleges and Se 


Oberholtzer, E. E.: referred t 


) Howard W.: refer 


sylvania Department of Public Instruction: refer 


Lily: referred t 


ps, Burr W.: referred to, 38 


tion trends: affecting the future status of 
in enrolments, 19 nd 194 
ent ment ) 6 
aration of teachers ee City teacher 
fessional associations of teachers: members! 
ecognition of the need for professional unit 


+ g 


fessional growth in service: construct 








nnn nnortunities for 4 
Progressive Education Association: a professior 
f teachers, 69; Commissior n the Relat 
1 ( llegwe referred +t 9 Cc. tter W 
nd Field Servi referred to ) t r { t 
cited ) 
Pu opinion: and det 189 nd educat : 
nswers to questions tabulated b stain characte 
f sample population, 214—16; classification of 


{ i 
s interviewed, 192; determining factors, 














t 1 n qt t » hi schools | 
ot } ji juesti Do hig l 
aieias 
| 
7 
sft € 
C} 
F 
S at 
te 
| ) 
of 
Pi 
Public relations: community problems ed t 
re 69: conclusions on, 209; current | < 
1 reinterpretation of education in a democracy, 7 
2 ral education, 174; included in checklist on rur 
‘ Gene 


, 181. See also Public opinior 
Purin, C. M.: referred te . 


Pyle, Theresa P.: referred t 





Questionnaire: number and percent of replies from 1 
rintendents in ea region, 133; of opir j 
education, reproduced, 217-18; on professional t1 








and teaching experience, distribution f. 5; same 
ed, 40; on rural education, distribution of re 
34; survey of opinion on youth n r 
1 7 1< > z 
ved, 191-92 
Rae, Saul Forbes: referred to, 190, 21 
feeves, Floy< -: appointed committee to dire I 
Reeves, Floyd W { ted t t poll 


blic opinion, 188 
Retirement: active state enabling laws, 85-86; actu 
estigation of service and death experience, 103 























4 3; administration of system, 91-9 106, 1 
iticipated security of classroom teacl compul 
tirement, 109-10, 120; ailed tabulations of local pr 

s, 89-124; st of local provisions, R88 ; 
retirement, 95-96, 101-102, 110~—11 ] 
nt state enablir laws, 125-26; employee part 
a tion in administration of system, 91-92, 99, 105—10¢ 
loyee’s contributions, 92-93, 99-100, 106-107, 117 
yer’s contributions, 92-93, 99-1 106-1 11 
s insufficient, 114; financial structure { pl 
linneapolis, 97; financial structure of plan in Ne ( 
ns, 115; financial stru “ork 





ture of plans in New 
Baltimore, 124; legal basis of plans a ( 


al authorization, 117; local, by special state legislati 





pte 





1 solely ut 














R 
R 


eynolds, Ivar 


oberts, C. EI 
gers, Jame 5 
oosevelt, fF 















ope, r 
oper. 
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stior 
tst 
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if 
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' 
em 
6 ri 
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ende 
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hecklist { 
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rural 
ricnce 
6: equit 
examples 
152 exemTl 
ittendance be 
experience 
tivitie { 
ne, 14¢ ) 
139—42 
eme 


eve 
with 
mind the t 
16; le t 
tecting t 
pupil t 

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eplies fr 
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types now in operation as compared with the percent Schatzmann, I. E.: referred to, 157. 
recommended by 521 rural superintendents, 151; the Scott, Cecil Winfield: referred to, 78. 
problem of, 135-38; professional preparation of rural Sex: proportion of men and women teachers, 
teachers, 159-60; professional training of rural ele- Sexson, John A.: referred to, 
mentary teachers, 159; public relations, 174; question Skidmore, Charles H.: referred to, 153. 
naire, distribution of replies, 133-34; recent trends in Status of the teaching profession: academ 
rural school support, 146-47; regional differences, 169; 72-73, 78; annual salaries of classroom teacher 
responsibility for rural supervision, 161-62; rural and of city, 60; anticipated retirement security of 
urban enrolments, 1930 and 1940, 135; salaries of rural teachers, 66; classroom teachers rate their pr 
teachers, 160—61; school housing and equipment, 154—55; loads, 62; college preparation of classroom tea 
schoolboard practices, 169; service period of teachers in distribution of classroom teachers by schoc 
the same school, 160; short school terms, 169; size of one- 54; educational preparation and certification, 
teacher schools in various regions of the United States, gener: al composition of the teaching populatior 
137; size of school, 166-67; size of teaching staff, 137; 77; general health status of classroom tea 
sizes and types of schools, 136-37; some grave defi mental and physical health, 70-71, 78; oaths 
ciencies of, 165-70; some noteworthy achievements of, of classroom teachers, 72; professional associa 
170-7 some outstanding problems in, 165; sources of teachers, 68-69, 78; professional experience and 
data on, 133; special significance of, 137-38; special types 58-59, 77; professional experience of classroom 
of educational service, 173; specific examples of strength 58; professional load, 62—63, 78; proportion of 
and weakness in programs, 165-75; state leadership in, the National Education Association, 1939, 
177; suggested improvements in the superintendency, visions for tenure, 64-65, 78; provisions for re 
163-64; summary of defects mentioned by superin 66-67, 78; salaries and economic condition, ¢ 
tendents, 165; supervisory activities of rural super- sources of information, 77—78; tenure protection { 
intendents, 162; teaching procedures, 172; teaching room teachers, 64; trends affecting the future 
service, a problem of, 167-68; the teaching staff, 159-61; typical public school teacher, 55. See also City 
ten-year trend in certain phases of, as reported by 1000 Negro teachers in city schools; Rural teachers 
rural superintendents, 142; ten-year trend with respect to affecting the future status of teachers. 
certain phases of, in 43 states, 140-41; terms of office Stoddard, A. J.: referred to, 5 
and service periods of rural Superintendents, 163; too Strayer, George D.: referred »: i Bee 22, 
many grade levels, 169; trends in state school support, Stribling, Grace: referred to, 1 
147—49; urgent needs in rural school support, 146. See Studensky, Paul: referred to, 78. 
also Rural superintendents; Rural teachers. y 

Rural superintendents: administrative and supervisory Teacher load: of classroom teachers, 62-63; refe 
leadership, 161; the advice of, as to next steps in rural 78. ; as : 
education, 175; amount of consolidation recommended by, Teachers. See City teachers; Negro teachers 
in various regions in the United States, 151; amount of schools ; P Rural teachers; rrends affecting th 
further consolidation recommended for their respective status of teachers; Status of the teaching profe 
counties by 521, 150; areas of outstanding achievement Tenure: references on, 78; protection for classroon 
in rural education, mentioned by 454, 170; changes in 64-65; provisions for, 64-65; years of expe 
rural education believed to be most urgently needed by teachers in service, 16-21. 
864, 176; changes with respect to status of county Thayer, V. T.: referred to, 39. 
superintendency recommended as urgently needed in Threlkeld, A. L.: referred to, : 
their respective communities by 637, 164; educational Tippetts, J. R.: referred to, 153 
background of, 162-63; educational experience of, 163; Trends affecting the future status of teachers 
implications for, 175; instruction in specified depart ahead as to preparation, salaries, and experien 
ments or subjects, 170; length of continuous service in current public discussion and reinterpretation 
present position as reported by, 163; number and percent tion in a Cumneerety, 76; in acquiring and spen 
of questionnaire replies from, in each region, 133; num lic revenue, 75-76; in rural education, 193 
ber and percent of replies recommending various 139-64; movements within the profession to il 
methods of employment for, 164; percent of schools of quality of teaching service, 74; occupational, 
various sizes and types now in operation as compared tion, 74-75; recognition of the need for pt 
with percent recommended by 521, 151; questionnaire unity of teachers, 76; recent trends in ru 
submitted to, 133-34; specific examples of strength and support, 146-47; the trend toward longer service 
weakness in rural programs mentioned by, 165-75; school teachers, 19-21; trends in state school 
suggested improvements in the superintendency, 163-64; 147-49; upward trends in levels of preparati 
supervisory activities of, 162; ten-year trend in certain school teachers, 12-15. 

phases of rural education as reported by 1000, 142; terms 


Trent, W. W.: referred to, 1 


of office and service periods of, 163. See also Rural Umstattd, J. G.: referred to, 78 
education; Rural teachers. United S Civil Servi Pt ai } 
Rural teachers: average experience of ‘elementary, 160; nited States Civil Service Commission: referré 
average length of service in the same teaching positions United States Department of Labor, Bureau of La 
for elementary, 160; average salaries of elementary, 161; Statistics: referred to, 22, 26. e 
comparative status of urban and, 161; comparative status ar ee a Education: referred 
of urban and, in the same districts with respect to train N 54, 64, 66 4 the Ei. 137, 143, 149, 155, 159 
ing, experience, tenure, and salary, 161; experience of, I ational Survey of the Education of Teachers refer 
160; improvements in rsonnel, 173; legislation affect- te 2 om 
ing, 145; professional poco of, 159-60; profes- Updegraf, Robert R.: referred to, 210. 
sional training in elementary, 159; salaries of, 160-61; Van Til, William: referred to, 210 
service period of, in the same school, 160; size of rural ‘ 4 a eer 
teaching staff, 137; teaching service, a problem of rural Waltermire, Helen M.: referred to, 166. 
education, 167-68; the teaching staff, 159-61. See also Wattenberg, William W.: referred to, 39. 
City teachers; Rural education; Rural superintendents; Wechsler, James: referred to, 210. 
Status of the teaching profession. West Virginia Department of Education: bulleti: 
157. 
Salaries. See City teachers; Rural teachers; Salary Wilks, S. S.: referred to, 210. 
schedules of city school teachers. Wilson, W. K.: referred to, 153. 
Salary schedules of city school teachers: administration Winegarner, Lewis: referred to, 158. 
of, based on preparation, 32; encouraging teachers to Wofford, Kate V.: referred to, 157. 
continue their professional growth, 33; how they recog- 
nize preparation, 30-31; in relation to levels of prepara- Youth: conclusions as to public opinion on opp 
tion, 30-34; levels of preparation of elementary-school for, 208, 209; public information and opinion on N 
teachers, working under two types of, 32; levels of 206-207; public opinion on question, Should gover: 
preparation of teachers in service in 122 cities over provide work for youth?, 206-207; public opinior 
30,000 in population, 1938-39, by type of, 47; levels of question, Should many high-school students stop scl 
training of teachers under different types of, 31-32; and go to work?, 205; public opinion on quest 
median levels of preparation and percent of teachers Should youth discuss issues?, 197; survey of opini 
with 4 years’ preparation, in 122 cities over 30,000 in education and, described, 191-92; same, repr 


population, by type of, 32. 217-18 














——