APR 10 193 
orn 
NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 


| RESEARCH BULLETIN 


VOL. XVII - No. 2 MARCH - 1939 








Salaries of School Employees, 1938-39 


Published by the RESEARCH DIVISION of the 


NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 
of the UNITED STATES 


1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 








RESEARCH BULLETIN o: »: 


Published five times each year 
in January, March, May, 
September, and November 


President, REUBEN T. SHAW 


NATIONAL 
EDUCATION 
ASSOCIATION 


Executive Secretary, WILLARD E. GIVEN 





Director of Research: William G. Carr; Associate Director: Frank W. Hubbard 
Assistant Directors: Richard R. Foster, lvan A. Booker, Hazel Davis, Charles R. Tupper 


Research Assistants and Section Heads: Frances G. Bradley, Louise B. Sease, Helen H. Cox, Anna 
Haddow, Madaline K. Remmlein, Mildred Wharton, and Theo C. Hartman 





Executive and Editorial Offices 


1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 





Copyright, 1939, by the National Education Association of the United States 


Entered as second-class matter February 10, 1923, at the Post Office at 

Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing 

at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 
1917, authorized February 10, 1923. 





Subscriptions 


The payment of the $5 membership fee 
of the National Education Association 
entitles one to receive for one year the 
Research Bulletin, the Journal, the An- 
nual Volume of Addresses and Proceed- 
ings, and certain other publications of the 
Association. One dollar of each $5 mem- 
bership fee is for a year’s subscription to 
the Research Bulletin. 


The Research Bulletin may be received 
regularly thru a special subscription at 
$1 per year. Many of the early issues of 
the Research Bulletin are already out of 
print. The special subscription at $1 per 
year offers an opportunity to maintain a 
complete file of future Research Bulletins. 


Those entitled to receive the Research 
Bulletin regularly are asked to report at 
once any change of residence, giving old 
as well as new address. 


Purchasing Copies 


Additional copies of this issue of the 
Research Bulletin may be obtained at the 


\ 


following prices, postpaid if remittance 
accompanies order: 

Single copies, 25¢. 

2 to 9 copies—10% reduction. 

10 to 99 copies—25% reduction. 

100 or more copies—33 14% reduction. 

Orders for Research Bulletins not ac- 
companied by remittance are subject to 
transportation charges. Make checks pay- 
able to National Education Association. 


Reproduction of Material in 
Research Bulletins 


Material appearing in the Research 
Bulletin is copyrighted. However, de- 
partments and regularly affiliated organi- 
zations of the National Education Asso- 
ciation may reproduce parts of these bul- 
letins for the advancement of education. 
These departments and organizations need 
no authority other than this notice previous 
to such reproduction. In other cases appli- 
cation for the release of materials is re- 
quired. Address communications to the 
Research Division, National Education 
Association, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W.., 
Washington, D. C. 





CONTENTS 


FOREWORD 


[INTRODUCTION 


, , 


[RENDS IN SALARIES, 1930-31 To 1938-39 


[HE RANGE AND DIsTRIBUTION OF SALARIES IN 1938 
COMPARISONS BETWEEN POSITIONS AND LEVELS 

INTERCITY COMPARISONS 

SUPPLEMENT—CERTAIN DATA ON RURAL TEACHERS’ SALARIES 


FoRMS AND DEFINITIONS USED IN COLLECTING DA1 


List of Tables 


Number of School Systems Included in Study 
Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities over 100,000 in Population 
Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities 30,000 to 100,000 in Population 
rrends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities 10,000 to 30,000 in Population 
Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Svstems in Cities 5,000 to 10,000 in Population 
Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities 2,500 to 5,000 in Population 
Distribution of Salaries Paid Teachers in Cities over 30,000 in Population in 1938-39 
Distribution of Salaries Paid Teachers in Cities under 30,000 in Population in 1938-39 
Distribution of Salaries Paid Principals in Cities over 30,000 in Population in 1938-39 
Distribution of Salaries Paid Principals in Cities under 30,000 in Population in 1938-39 
Distribution of Salaries Paid Certain Administrative and Supervisory Officers in Cities ov 
in Population in 1938-39 
Distribution of Salaries Paid Certain Administrative and Supervisory Officers in Cities unde: 
30,000 in Population in 1938-39 
Distribution of Salaries Paid Secretarial and Clerical Employees in 1938-39 


Distribution of Salaries Paid Other School Employees in Cities over 30,000 in Population in 1938-39 


Distribution of Salaries Paid Other School Employees in Cities under 30,000 in Population in 1938-39 

Median Salaries Paid and Index Relationships in Cities over 30,000 in Population, 1930-31 and 
1938-39 

Median Salaries Paid and Index Relationships in Cities under 30,000 in Population, 1930-31 and 
1938-39 

Median and Arithmetic Mean Salaries Paid Kindergarten and Elementary-School Teachers by 
Cities over 100,000 in Population in 1938-39 

Median and Arithmetic Mean Salaries Paid Junior and Senior High-School Teachers by Cities 
over 100,000 in Population in 1938-39 

Sample Table from the Special Salary Tabulations 


Salaries Paid Rural Teachers by States 














FOREWORD 


\ ’ 71TH the help of more than 1,800 superintendents of schools, the 


Research Division has been able to complete its ninth biennial survey 
of the salaries of city school employees. All of those who have helped 
to bring this survey to successful completion deserve the genuine thanks of 
the profession. These data will be the primary source of information on 


teachers’ salaries for the next two years. 


The general conclusion to be drawn from the present survey is that average 
salaries for most types of positions continue to move toward the point which 
they held prior to the depression. If present trends continue, the next biennial 
survey in 1940-41 should show general salary levels equal to or possibly even 


better than those prevailing a decade ago. 


The greatest lag in 1938-39, as in 1936-37, continues to be in the smaller 
communities. For example, in the cities of 2,500-5,000 population the average 
salary of elementary-school teachers is nearly 6 percent below that of 1930-31; 
secondary-school teachers’ salaries in this city-size group are on the average 
about 9 percent retarded. Yet, even in these smaller towns and cities, the 


situation in general is greatly improved over 1936-37. 


The data supplied by state departments with regard to rural teachers’ 
salaries, as well as the report of the Committee on the Economic Status of 
the Rural Teacher, remind us of the deplorable conditions existing in many 
rural areas. These facts should be placed before state legislatures, school- 
boards, and lay organizations with the expectation that appropriate improve- 


ments will be forthcoming. 


We are tolerating conditions which no nation should long endure. Recent 
population studies show that the nation is replacing its human resources largely 
thru the children born in rural areas. Yet a large proportion of these children 
will receive their early schooling from teachers who receive a mere subsistence 
wage. In some states conditions can be improved thru better district organiza- 
tion and more efficient plans of financial support. Many states, however, will 
be able to establish acceptable educational standards only with the financial 
assistance of the federal government. Let us here highly resolve that in our 
generation all of America’s children will have their rightful educational 


opportunity. 
Witiarp E. Givens, Executive Secretary 
National Education Association 


[ 68 | 





in 


in! 


or 
ot 
in 
ul 








Introduction 


Biennially, since 1922-23 the Research Divi 
of the National 

conducted surveys of the salaries paid in 
city school This Research Bulletin 
presents a summary of the salaries paid city 


school employees for the current school year, 


Education Association 


sion 
has 
systems. 


1938-39. 

This introduction deals with the way in 
which the survey was made, and the number 
and proportion of cities and school employees 
included. The rest of the bulletin is divided 


into the following four major parts: 


Trends in salaries, 1930-31 to 1938-39 

Range and distribution of salaries in 1938-39 
Comparisons between positions and levels 
Intercity comparisons 


A supplement presents certain data by states 
on salaries paid in rural schools. The expense 
of conducting a rural salary study, comparable 
in detail to that for city schools, makes such an 
undertaking impossible at present. As a tem 
porary substitute, data on rural salaries were 
collected from the state departments of edu 
cation. That the National Education Associa- 
tion is deeply interested in the rural situation 
is shown by the work of the Committee on the 
Economic Status of the Rural 
cooperation with the Research Division, the 


Teacher. In 
Committee has issued a report, “The Rural 
Teacher’s Economic Status” (Research Bulle- 
iin, January 1939). The complete report cov 
ering the status of 10,000 rural teachers will 
be available in April 1939. 


Method of Making Survey 


The procedure in making the study was 
similar to that followed in previous years. The 


inquiry forms were mailed to superintendents 


TABLE 1.—NUMBER OF SCHOOL 


of schools on September 21, 1938. Reference 
to this questionnaire as illustrated on page 95 
of this bulletin will often help to interpret 


data presented. Various follow-up letters and 


the 


telegrams were sent to secure the largest pos 
sible sampling. Correspondence with individual 
cities was carried forward whenever a reason 
able doubt occurred concerning the meaning 


or accuracy of the report received. 


Size of Sample 


In reporting this study the usual practice of 
grouping city school systems according to the 
Table | the 


classification used, the number of cities in each 


population is followed. shows 
of the five population groups, and the numbe: 
and percent of such cities submitting usable 
replies. 

The five population groups as defined in 
columns | and 2 of Table 1| are followed con 
sistently thruout this bulletin and are referred 
to by Roman numbers hereafter, both in text 
and in tables, so as to conserve space and avoid 
cumbersome repetitions. 

A total of 1,850 cities is included 
salary survey this This 
59 percent of all city school systems and 92 


in the 


for year. represents 
percent of the school systems in cities with more 
than 30,000 population. It is estimated that 82 
percent of all employees in city school systems 
in the United States are included in the tabula 
tions. This is a remarkably complete coverage 
for questionnaire studies of this type. The Re 


all 


teachers’ salaries are grateful to the superin 


search Division and others interested in 


tendents and other school officials who have 
detailed The ot 
school employees of all classes included in this 
390.897. 


submitted reports. number 


study is 


SYSTEMS INCLUDED IN STUDY 





Group Population 
number ranges 
1 2 
BY a Over 100,000 
Il 30,000 to 100,000 
Ill 10,000 to 30,000 
IV 5.000 to 10,000 
V 2,500 to 5.000 


Total 


Number of city 


school systems Number of Percent 
according to city school replying 
1930 census systems reporting 
3 4 5 
93 88 94.62 
232 212 91.38 
670 442 65.9 
R50 491 57. 16 
1,301 617 47 43 
3.155 1,850 58.64 





[ 69 ] 





Trends in Salaries, 1930-31 to 1938-39 


That salaries of school employees were various types of school employees in cit 
greatly reduced during the economic depression 100,000 in population in the five 
is a well-known fact. How far they have re- periods since 1930-31. From inspectio: 
covered is shown in the tables in this section of | table we find that median salaries paid 
the bulletin, and in Figure I, page 75. of employees decreased from 1930-31 

Table 2 gives median’ salaries paid the 33, and decreased still further in 1934 


— 


1 Those not familiar with the term ‘median’? may look upon it as having, for ordinary purposes, the same general 
as the familiar “arithmetic mean” or ‘‘average.”’ More specifically, the best paid 50 percent of a group of teachers rx 
equal to, or greater than, the median salary, and the poorest paid 50 percent of a group of teachers receive salaries « 
less than, the median. 

Median salaries are computed for all school employees of each classification concerned except in a few cities w 
schedules for white and colored teachers were reported separately. In these cases only the salaries paid white 
included. Salaries paid colored teachers in cities maintaining separate salary schedules for white and colored teachers ar: 
and available for reference on request. A minus sign (—) before a median figure means that an exact median 
calculated from the information given, but is somewhat below the sum following the minus sign 


TABLE 2.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS 
IN CITIES OVER 100,000 IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1938-39 





Median salary paid in Percent of change 


Type of school employee 1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1938-39 1931-1939 1935-1939 1937-1930 
1 3 ” 8 


Classroom teachers: 

Kindergarten ‘ $1,909 $1,926 $2,045 +14.64 
Elementary school 1,947 1,922 2,027 

Atypical classes os 2,100 1,996 2,182 

Junior high school... .. of 2,204 2,078 2,303 

High school... + ey 2,479 2,436 2,551 

Part-time or continuation school . , 2,793 2,693 2,886 

Heads of departments in high school 3,4: 3,008 2,913 


Deans: 


Junior high school : 3 2,539 
High school... ; a 2,942 6 2,268 
Principals: 
Elementary school 
Assistant principals. . et a , 4,042 
Teaching principals : = © , 2,135 
Supervising principals -“ 3,4 3,102 3,016 
Junior high school 
Assistant principals , ; ; 2,850 3, 3,318 
Principals ee : . 3,718 ‘ 4,359 
High school 
Assistant principals... . ‘ . ’ 3,453 3, 3,992 
Principals : ; 4,252 47: 4,758 
Part-time or continuation school 
Principals . 4,125 5, 3,900 
idministrative and supervisory staff: 
Superintendents of schools.... . ' , 267 7,288 
Associate, assistant, or deputy superin- 
tendents ‘ 5,578 ; 5,971 
Business managers. ‘ ; 
Directors, assistant directors, or super- 
visors of: 
Research, tests, and measurements 
Vocational education. . . ae 
Physical education. .... . 
Health 
Evening schools 
Americanization classes 
Art 
Music 
Penmanship , 
Manual training or industrial arts 
Home economics. 
Visual education 
Other school employees: 
Secretarial and clerical employees: 
Secretaries to superintendents 
schools. . ‘ 
Secretaries of boards of education 
Clerks in principals’ offices... .. 
Clerks in other administrative and 
supervisory offices.......... 
Superintendents of buildings and | grounds. ‘ 
ENS vc da vss cleteses — 
Janitors in iea ins 
Head nurses. ....... 
Nurses ‘ 
Chief attendance officers 
Attendance officers. 


,647 
2,633 
, 339 


8,286 











936-37, and in 1938-39, salaries show an up 


ward trend. In practically every type of posi 
n in cities of this size the 1938-39 salaries 

higher than those of 1936-37, 

ses they exceed those of 19: 

[ables 3 to 6 give similar pam for cities of 
the other population groups. These tables also 
show an upward trend for 1938-39. But the 

ries continue, in most cases, to be lower 
than those for 1930-31. While salaries in cities 
100,000 in population have increased 


¢ 
( 


and in most 


under 
somewhat, 
rapid than in the large cities. 


the recovery has been much less 


‘Tables 2 to O re 
facts. lable 
shows the trends in cities over 100,000 in popu 


A study of the details 


veals a number of interesting 


lation. The median salaries of kindergarten 
teachers reached the lowest point in 1932 
in 1934-35 there 
by 1938-39 
that for 1930-31 
tary teachers 
point in 1934-35. 
the recovery of kinderg 

but by 1938-39 the median is 4.7 percent 
1930-31 level. In 1938-39 the median 


»2 
$3: 


Was some improvement; and 
the median was 6 percent above 
Median salaries of elemen 
apparently reached their lowest 
These salaries lagged behind 
rarten salaries in 1936-37 


above the 


TABLE 3.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS 
IN CITIES 30,000 TO 100,000 IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1938-39 





Median salary paid in 


Type of school employee 1930-31 


1 2 


ussroom teachers 
Kindergarten 
Elementary school 
Atypical classes 
Junior high school 
High school. . 
Part-time or continuation school 
Heads of departments in high school 


pf 


DONS RS ee ee 


,609 
,609 
850 
, 860 
,111 
166 
,575 


Deans 


Junior high school 2,367 
High school 523 
Principals: 
Elementary school 
Assistant principals 
Teaching principals 
Supervising principals 
Junior high school 
Assistant principais 
Principals 
High school 
Assistant principals 
Principals 
Part-time or continuation school 
Principals 
{dministrative and supervisory staf: 
Superintendents of schools 
Associate, assistant, or 
tendents 
Business managers 
Directors, assistant directors, or super- 
visors of: 
Research, tests, and measurements 
Vocational education 
Physical education 
Health ; 
Evening schools 
Americanization classes 
BOS i «3 
Music ‘ 
Penmanship 
Manual training or industrial arts 
Home economics 
Visual education 
ther school employees: 


Secretarial and clerical employees: 
Secretaries to superintendents of 
schools , 
Secretaries of boards of education 
Clerks in principals’ offices 
Clerks in other administrative and 
supervisory offices 
Superintendents of buildings ‘and grounds 
Head janitors ‘ee 
Janitors..... 
Head nurses 
Nurses. ... 
Chief attendance officers 
Attendance officers 


deputy superin- 


NNNNNN RENN Wh 


—Ne 


ee 


1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 


Percent of change 


1938-39 1931-1939 1935-1939 1937-1939 


6 9 


517 
033 
060 


100 
675 
288 
850 
325 
,875 
» 096 
,O71 
,275 
,445 
953 


~NNNNRK NN wr 











salaries of junior high-school teachers are 4.34 
percent above, and the median salaries of senior 
high-school teachers are 2.16 below those paid 
in 1930-31. Principals and superintendents 
have apparently recovered less rapidly than any 
of the preceding classroom groups. As com- 
pared with the high point of 1930-31, their 
median salaries are stiil below: 5.12 percent 
for supervising elementary-school principals; 
3.13 percent for junior high principals; 6.71 
percent for senior high principals; and 17.14 
percent for superintendents of schools. 

In cities between 30,000 and 100,000 in 
population similar facts may be pointed out. 
According to Table 3 the median salaries of 
kindergarten teachers reached the lowest point 
in 1934-35. This trend was also true of teach- 
ers’ salaries in elementary, junior high, and 
senior high schools. During 1936-37, however, 
salaries had begun to recover. Recovery con- 
tinued into 1938-39 altho only the median for 
kindergarten teachers rose above 1930-31 levels. 


The other median salaries are less than 

of the highest year by the following percen: 
elementary-school teachers, 1.55 percent ; j\ 
high-school teachers, 0.91 percent; high-sc} 
teachers, 3.88 percent ; supervising element: 
school principals, 6.76 percent; 


junior 
percent; high-sch; 
and superintendent 


school principals, 4.12 
principals, 5.28 percent; 
of schools, 9.37 percent. 
Table 4 shows the salary trends , 
between 10,000 and 30,000 in population. A, 
in cities in Group I and Group II, median sa! 
aries reached their lowest levels in 1934-35, |» 
many types of positions the medians for 1936 
37 show that recovery had set in, altho ther 
had been no apparent gain in some cases. Fo; 
example, the median salary of business mar 
agers reported for 1936-37 was below that 
1934-35. This condition was also true for dire: 
tors of research, for supervisors of physical 
education, penmanship, and manual training 
and for secretaries of boards of education. |p 


TABLE 4.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS 


IN CITIES 10,000 TO 30,000 IN 


POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1938-39 





Median salary paid in 


Type of school employee 1930 “31 1932- 


Percent of change 


33 1934- 35 1936-3 37 1938-39 1931-1939 1935-1939 1937-1939 





4 5 6 7 











Classroom teachers: 
Elementary school ! 
Junior high school. . 
High school....... 
Part-time or continuation school 


Principals: 
Teaching elementary school 
Supervising er eat school 
unior high school : 
figh school. . 


.428 $1,3 
,619 i. 
, 876 1,7 
, 864 1 


. 742 
349 
. 763 
613 


6 
mY 


idministrative and supervisory staff: 
Superintendents of schools 
Assistant superintendents 
Business managers 
Directors, assistant 
visors of: 

Research, tests, and measurements 

Vocational education 

Physical education 

Health 

Evening schools 

Americanization classes 

Art 

Music . 

Penmanship 

Manual training or industrial arts 

Home economics ; 


, 149 
,950 
. 200 
or 


directors, super- 


Other employees: 
Secretarial and clerical employees: 
Secretaries to superintendents 
schools... . 
Secretaries of boards of education 
Clerks in principals’ offices... . 
Clerks in other administrative 
supervisory offices... 
Superintendents of buildings and grounds 
gamer ; Bas 
urses.. 


Attendance officers 


of 


or 


525 
741 


$1,297 $1,405 
1,456 1,589 
1,668 1,779 
1,070 1,736 


60 $1 
1, 
1, 
ie 


,231 
390 


550 


47 


48 
52 


| + 
waa 


> OON ew 





1 Includes kindergarten teachers. 





















1938-39 all but one of the median salaries re 
red exceed the 1934-35 level, and with two 


port 
? — rr 
exceptions they exceed the 1936-37 level. The 
‘an salaries for almost all types of positions 


med 
are still below those for the school year 1930-31. 
In Table 5 are given the median salaries 
herween 1930-31 and 1938-39 for cities of 
5000 to 10,000 population. Like the cities 
of Group III (10,000-30,000) 


reported are almost all consistently higher for 


the medians 


the current year than they were in 1934-35 
and 1936-37. There is, however, considerable 
lag as compared with 1930-31. For example, 
the median for elementary-school teachers is 
down 3.99 percent ; junior high-school teachers, 
7.16 percent; and high-school teachers, 5.02 
percent. Principals’ salaries also have not re 
covered: supervising elementary-school princi 
pals, 9.42 percent; junior high-school princi- 
pals, 7.28 percent; and high-school principals, 
8.07 percent. The median salary of superin 
tendents is still 9.74 percent behind the 1930- 


3] median. 


TABLE 5.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS 
IN CITIES 5,000 TO 10,000 IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1938-39 





Finally, we may examine Table 6 for the 
trends in cities 2,500 to 5,000 in population 
Here also are many signs of improvements as 
compared 1934-35 and 


1936-37. Comparisons with 1930-31, however, 


with the surveys of 


reveal the same conditions pointed out in con 
nection with the larger cities. Median salaries 
are generally below those of 1930-31. 

In the 1936-37 summary the statement was 
made that teachers’ salaries in the small cities 
were apparently recovering more slowly than 
in the large cities. This fact may be illustrated 
median 


1930-3] 


by reviewing the percents that the 
salaries of 1936-37 were below the 
level. In order of city size the median salaries 
of elementary-school teachers were lagging as 
follows: Group I, 4.30 percent ; Group II, 6.71 
percent; Group III, 9.17 percent; Group IV, 
11.74 percent; and Group V, 
The lag of high-school teachers’ salaries also 


13.25 percent 
showed the influence of city size: Group I, 
6.59 percent; Group II, 7.44 percent; 
Il, 11.09 percent; Group IV, 11.94 percent ; 
14.93 percent. 


( rroup 


and Group V, 











Type of school employee 





1 


Classroom teachers 


Elementary school $1,303 $1,217 
Junior high school 1,494 1,376 
High school 1,692 1,575 
Part-time or continuation school 1,454 1,500 


Princtpals 


Teaching elementary school 1,583 1,465 
Supervising elementary school 2,239 2,314 
Junior high school 2,184 1,956 
High school 2.825 ? 603 
idministrative and supervisory staff 

Superintendents of schools 4.188 3.818 
Assistant superintendents 3,300 

2, 500 


Business managers 
Directors, assistant directors, or super 


visors of: 


Research, tests, and measurements 2,425 

Vocational education 2,350 2,225 
Physical education 1,884 1,719 
Health 1,588 1,000 
Art 1,688 1,563 
Music 1,729 1,573 
Penmanship 1,579 1,325 
Manual training or industrial arts 2,041 1,853 
Home economics 1,613 1,460 


Other employees 


Secretaries to superintendents of schools 1,192 1,079 
Secretaries to boards of education 558 547 
Clerks in principals’ offices 800 783 

Clerks in other administrative or super 
visory offices 1,057 953 
Superintendents of buildings and grounds 1,900 1,860 
Janitors 1,275 1,144 
Nurses 1,641 1,494 
600 600 


Attendance officers 


Includes kindergarten teachers 


Median salary paid in 


1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1938-39 








Percent of change 


1931-1939 1935-1939 1937-1939 











8 9 









4 5 6 7 








$1,050 $1,150 $1,251 3.99 +1914 8.78 
1,208 1.330 1.387 7.16 +14 8) } 4 ) 
1,379 1,490 1.60 5.02 +16 53 ji 7 os 

R38 900 1.475 + 1.44 +76 O1 +63. 89 








1,246 1,398 1,481 6 44 +18 &6 5 904 
1,962 » 061 >? O28 9 42 + 3 36 1 60 
1,669 1,871 ? 025 7.28 +21. 33 L 2.33 
2.235 2,517 » 597 8 07 +16 270 3.18 
3,440 3.643 3.780 9 74 + 9 BR 6 
2.650 2,283 2.600 21.21 1 89 13.89 
2.163 1.700 Ue 13.00 + 0 55 7 O4 
2,250 2,225 1,850 23.71 17.78 16.85 
1,833 2.013 » 093 10.94 +14 18 3 9 
1,585 1.663 1,710 9 24 + 7 89 i 2 83 
1,250 1 50 1.550 2.39 +24 00 11.43 
1,406 1,525 1,590 5 81 +13 09 L 4 2¢ 
1,415 1,518 1,567 9 37 +10.74 3 23 
975 1.050 1.350 14.50 +38 46 as 
1.593 1 3? 1.708 16 32 i. 7 99 1 39 
1,277 1,384 1,435 11 04 +12.3 3 68 
946 1.037 1,092 8.39 +15 43 5.30 
532 627 658 +17.92 +23 68 4.94 
687 732 783 2.13 + 13.97 6.97 
856 980 958 9 37 +411 9 »4 
1,767 1,838 2.100 +10.53 +1885 14 25 
969 1.068 1,170 8 24 +20.74 0 55 
1,329 1,431 1,490 9°20 +12.11 4.12 
600 600 600 





















In 1938-39 we find that salary recovery con- be lower than in 1930-31. However, t! 
tinues to proceed most rapidly in the largest cent that these are behind the high p 
cities. The median salary of elementary-school 1930-31 is in most cases about half of wha: ;, _— 




















teachers in cities over 100,000 population is 4.7 was two years ago. In other words, if | 
percent higher than it was in 1930-31 before trends continue, by 1940-41 median salaries { 
the depression. The medians for all other city most types of city school positions will . 
sizes and for high-school teachers continue to or exceed the medians reported in 1930-2 
TABLE 6.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS 
IN CITIES 2,500 TO 5,000 IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1938-39 
Median salary paid in Percent of change 
Type of school employee 1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1938-39 1931-1939 1935-1939 1937-)939 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
Classroom teachers: 

Elementary school!................ .... $1,162 $1,089 $961 $1,008 $1,096 — 5.68 +14.05 + 8 
unior high school.............. — 1,270 1,125 1,183 1,283 — 5.66 +14.04 + 8.45 
SS eee os eee 1,429 1,260 1,316 1,410 — 8.86 +11.90 n 14 

Part-time or continuation school. ... . : 700 950 —600 —600 1,150 +64.29  ..... ; 

Principals: 

Teaching elementary school........... . 1,409 1,353 1,181 1,233 1,301 — 7.67 +10.16 5 

Supervising elementary school............ 2,175 2,000 2,038 1,950 1,928 —11.36 — 5.40 1.1 

aed SS ar ee 1,775 1,536 1,433 1,508 1,579 —11.04 +10.19 
ted Band Mitek s eenn dane dees 2,403 2,134 1,851 1,986 2,156 —10.28 +16.48 

idministrative and supervisory staff: 

Superintendents of schools............... 3,565 3,216 2,850 3,044 3,244 — 9.00 +13 .82 + 6.5 

EN I 5 a aiden dict alieleieee RAS 1,400 1,850 2,050 2,050 doateid ak +10.81 0.00 

Directors, assistant directors, or super- 
visors of: 

Vocational education................ 2,500 2,175 1,617 1,750 2,057 —17.72 +27.21 +17.54 
a Pee ee eee 1,756 1,714 1,559 1,492 1,550 —11.73 — 0.58 + 3.89 
Ciel: detaendgaudermin eae a oe 1,300 950 1,050 1,350 1,150 —11.54 + 9.52 14 
SS ae © ees a Pe 1,450 1,427 1,419 1,438 1,469 + 1.31 3.52 + 2-1 
hos. dy nd. a ee Rhee’ wale & alone 1,439 1,374 1,266 1,338 1,415 — 1.67 +11.77 + 5 
NEE OLE eT PEE 1,275 1,350 1,350 950 950 —25.49 —29.63 0.0 
Manual training or industrial arts.... 1,867 1,731 1,554 1,625 1,688 — 9.59 + 8.62 + 3 
PE Ghesddetdhas-ebeccancass 1,526 1,384 1,250 1,330 1,298 —14.94 + 3.84 ».4 
Other employees: 

Secretaries to superintendents ot schools. . . 885 833 790 846 921 + 4.07 +16.58 + 8.8 

Secretaries ot boards of education........ —500 —500 —500 —500 —500 eka wade 

Clerks in principals’ offices............... 781 710 656 675 709 — 9.22 + 8.08 + 5.04 

Clerks in other administrative or super- 

I 55 bated eure ada eens die eae 764 739 663 775 759 — 0.65 +14.48 — 2.06 
Superintendents of buildings and grounds... 2,150 1,750 1,550 1,600 1,800 —16.28 +16.13 +12.50 
SS Di waey Ar ctatan C00 ice memes Owen 1,190 1,045 946 1,023 1,131 — 4.96 +19 .56 +10. 5¢ 
re ieetaeassbadenecbaueds 1,546 1,354 1,140 1,216 1,360 —12.03 +19 .30 +11.84 
pO err Tee eee ee .. —600 —600 —600 —600 —600 Baa 7 Spe 
1 Includes kindergarten teachers. 











VEN FROM a purely selfish standpoint, every individual is personally 
affected by the education afforded children. The schools determine in 
no small measure the character of the community in which the individual 
lives, and they are mainly responsible for the fact that the people with whom 
he mingles daily are decent, healthy, cleanly, literate, and alert. Moreover, 
universal suffrage will soon give the children of today power at the polls, 
where one man’s vote counts just as heavily as another’s, Each man’s welfare 
is thus dependent to a large extent upon the schooling given his neighbor’s 
children. Teachers’ salaries, then—in so far as they affect the actual instruc- 
tion of the younger generation—are not merely an academic problem, but a 
matter of deep and vast significance to every citizen——Willard S. Elsbree, 
Teachers’ Salaries (1931), p. 2-3. 











[ 74] 





FIGURE I 





TRENDS IN ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS’ 
SALARIES, 1930-31 TO 1938-39 


SALARY POPULATION 
GROUPS 


Cities 
2200 Over 100,000 


$2400 


2000 


= Cities 

1600 30,000 to 100,000 
Cities 

1400 10,000 to 30,000 
Cities 

1200 5,000 to 10,000 
Cities 

1000 2,500 to 5,000 


6co0 
1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1938-39 


TRENDS IN HIGH-SCHOOL TEACHERS’ 
SALARIES, 1930-31 TO 1938-39 


SALARY POPULATION 
$2800 GROUPS 
Cities 
2600 Over 100,000 


2400 


wig Cities 

2000 30,000 to 100,000 
Cities 

1800 10,000 to 30,000 
Cities 

1600 5,000 to 10,000 
Cities 

1400 2,500 to 5,000 


1200 
1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1938-39 


F ' ‘ 
Research Division, National Education As 








For the exact amounts upon which these graphs are based consult Tables 2 thru 6. 




















The Range and Distribution of Salaries in 1938-39 


The median salaries reported in the preced- 
ing section summarize as well as is possible in 
any single figure the general status of city 
teachers’ salaries. It is important, however, to 
know how the salaries are distributed above 
and below the median figure. Table 7 presents 
this information for the three main groups of 
teachers in cities over 30,000 in population, and 
Table 8 gives this same information for cities 
under 30,000 in population. 

Tables 9 and 10 show the distribution of 
salaries for the four main groups of principals 
in cities over 30,000 and in cities under 30,000 


TABLE 7.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID TEACHERS IN CITIES OVER 


in population, respectively. Tables || 
give these data for certain administrat 
supervisory officers. 

Table 13 presents the distribution of . 
paid to secretarial and clerical employees, w} 
Tables 14 and 15 show this information ; 
attendance officers, nurses, and janitors. 

The tables in this section bring out cle 
the relative position of the median salaries 


the different population groups and the extey: 


to which the distributions themselves over! 
They show that, altho the median sala 
various groups of teachers increases wit! 


30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1938-39 








Junior high-school teachers High-school teachers 














Salary groups —- —_—— —__—_____———— 
Group I! Group II! Group I Group II Group I Group II 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
$4,800 and over 8 
4,700—- 4,799 
4,600—- 4,699 108 
4,500— 4,599 3,825 
4,400- 4,499 387 
4,300— 4,399 
4,200—- 4,299 57 
4,100—- 4,199 349 
4,000— 4,099 9 76 73 622 1 
3,900- 3,999 -— | aneceee oo | States 20 331 19 
3,800— 3,899 2,808 2,686 37 728 51 
3,700- 3,799 ‘ 5 14 28 126 35 
3,600—- 3,699 486 144 34 932 4 
3,500- 3,599 9 1 121 21 205 5 
3,400— 3,499 188 2 122 26 829 8 
3,300- 3,399 9,404 32 29 14 347 5 
3,200— 3,299 387 24 187 31 2,422 14 
3,100—- 3,199.. J 950 74 88 28 716 13 
3,000— 3,099 “4 309 211 570 54 1,566 13¢ 
2,900—- 2,999 1,143 115 1,167 64 2,602 204 
2,800— 2,899 1,867 125 3,347 170 2,311 342 
2,700— 2,799 1,592 156 437 290 1,572 594 
2,600—- 2,699 1,882 178 761 254 2,867 389 
2,500—- 2,599 2,210 367 1,166 319 1,675 64 
2,400—- 2,499 4,076 358 1,468 328 2,422 780 
2,300— 2,399 ; 5,354 409 1,183 486 1,810 774 
2,200— 2,299 8,810 818 803 1,908 1,135 
2,100—- 2,199 4,392 912 1,406 558 1,912 888 
2,000— 2,099 4,649 885 851 713 1,598 1,062 
1,900— 1,999 4,283 1,562 1,037 877 1,272 1,133 
1,800— 1,899 : . 4,173 3,361 1,103 1,145 1,352 1,230 
1,700— 1,799 3,447 2,134 907 914 1,066 954 
1,600— 1,699 3,817 2,704 856 1,017 979 905 
1,500— 1,599 3,787 2,646 625 814 618 749 
1,400—- 1,499 2,948 2,436 635 678 577 440 
1,300— 1,399 2,266 2,893 552 687 509 609 
1,200— 1,299 1,851 2,485 382 495 457 439 
1,100- 1,199 1,343 1,818 361 381 301 35 
1,000—- 1,099 966 1,332 175 195 196 163 
900. 999 385 1,093 37 159 59 96 
800 899 120 389 4 47 24 25 
Below $800 48 163 13 9 22 12 
Total 79,965 29 683 23 ,293 11,769 41,667 14,832 
Median $2,217 $1,584 $2,450 $1,843 2,672 $2,029 
Arithmetic mean $2,277 $1,622 $2,477 $1,905 $2,784 $2,084 





' For population ranges, see Table 1, page 69 





[76] 


a i a 











of the city in which the teacher is em 


s1ze 
nloved, there is a considerable amount of over 
pl 


lapping in the distributions of the salaries. 
[here are some types of positions in the larger 


cities in which many individuals receive lower 
salaries than some persons in like positions in 
the smaller cities. 

Differences in the experience and training of 
the individuals involved, the salary schedules 
of the cities, and variations in living costs are 
umong the factors which account for this over- 
lapping. It will be seen that the larger cities, in 
general, show a wider spread of salaries than 
the smaller cities. The distributions for the 
smaller cities tend to spread less. 

Tables 7 to 15 also give the total number of 
the various employees reported by the cities 
covered in this survey and the median and 
arithmetic mean for each type and city size. 


‘Tables 7 and 8 bring out the usual tendency 
for salaries to increase with the size of the city 
Figures II to V on pages 82 and 83 show 


median salaries paid the main classes of school 


employees in cities in the various population 
groups. 
he tendency to pay higher salaries to 


teachers giving instruction to older children is 


from the figures of these tables. 
the 


also evident 


The median salary of teachers in junior 
high schools in cities over 100,000 in population 
is $233 higher than that of elementary-school 
teachers, and the salary of high-school teachers 
is $222 higher than that of junior high-school 
teachers. Yet in spite of these differences there 
exists a growing trend toward salary schedules 
based upon preparation rather than upon school 
position. Of 180 new 


1936, 1937, and 1938) 55 percent were of the 


schedules adopted in 


TABLE 8.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID TEACHERS IN CITIES UNDER 


30,000 IN POPULATION IN 


1938-39 





Elementary and 
kindergarten teachers 
Salary groups 


Group Group Group 
III Vv! Vv 
1 2 3 4 
$3,600 and over 19 
3,500— 3,599 3 
3,400— 3,499 9 
3,300— 3,399 1 14 1 
3,200— 3,299 4 5 1 
3,100— 3,199 5 10 6 
3,000— 3,099 5 11 
2,900— 2,999 6 8 6 
2,800— 2,899 27 17 3 
2,700— 2,799 31 17 
2,600— 2,699 60 18 17 
2,500— 2,599 143 23 36 
2,400— 2,499 143 23 22 
2,300— 2,399 149 48 24 
2,200— 2,299 206 56 2 
2,100— 2,199 372 86 37 
2,000— 2,099 551 208 75 
1,900— 1,999 842 168 60 
1,800— 1,899 1,078 285 123 
1,700— 1,799 1,552 430 260 
1,600— 1,699 1,771 601 390 
1,500— 1,599 2,631 953 478 
1,400— 1,499 3,236 1,661 627 
1,300— 1,399 2,865 1,396 728 
1,200— 1,299 2,377 1,336 1,027 
1,100— 1,199 2,515 1,265 1,159 
1,000— 1,099 2,292 1,562 1, 366 
900- 999 1,486 1,570 1,822 
800. 899 582 1,046 775 
700- 799 225 385 689 
600 699 106 118 385 
500- 599 27 85 163 
Below $500 5 13 30 
Total 25,293 13,439 10,349 
Median $1,405 $1,251 $1,096 
Arithmetic mean $1,431 $1, 286 $1,161 


1 For population ranges, see Table 1, page 69 


High-school 


Junior high- 
teachers 


school teachers 


Group Group Group Group Group Group 
Ill IV Vv III IV 
5 6 7 8 9 10 

3 . 37 35 3 

1 28 5 
4 i $1 10 4 
4 27 1S 

13 1 1 58 1? 
11 1 2 61 10 16 
10 i] 3 102 34 10 
18 3 100 8 16 
23 4 3 136 61 24 
45 3 207 ] 22 
70 9 5 297 0 40 
84 1 4 369 132 63 
140 19 5 387 16 75 
138 13 8 480 172 71 
189 11 10 703 253 94 
211 34 14 615 66 129 
330 59 20 901 398 209 
390 RS 40 965 450 259 
573 13 45 1,333 626 429 
525 113 66 1,241 615 388 
780 224 106 1,363 910 459 
776 262 152 1,151 812 617 
683 272 189 941 719 723 
715 368 256 034 79? 126 
548 323 »75 640 647 860 
387 15 246 504 473 644 
319 205 186 416 355 305 
208 16 170 190 292 401 
42 55 54 45 68 149 
32 28 59 iS 36 112 
16 13 0 10 14 »9 
1 17 1 4 
1 1 2 1 4 1 
290 2.65 1,964 14,185 & 560 183 
$1,589 $138 $1,283 $1,779 $1,607 $1,410 
$1,637 $1,441 $1,322 $1,837 $1,665 $1,488 











preparation or single salary type as compared 
with 31 percent of the schedules adopted be- 
tween 1928 and 1934. For further details on 
salary schedules consult the Educational Re- 
search Service Circulars No. 1, January 1939 
and No. 3, March 1939. 

In 1928 the Committee on Standards of the 
Department of Elementary School Principals 
proposed a salary schedule ranging from $2,000 
to $7,000 for supervising elementary principals. 
According to Tables 9 and 10, only 226 prin- 
cipals out of 6,650 have reached or exceeded 
this proposed maximum. At least 989 supervis- 


ing elementary principals receive less 
$2,000 in 1938-39. Stated another way, 


principa 


supervising elementary-school 


ceives less than $2,000 a year in salary 
1 in 6 receives $4,000 or more. Teachin; 
mentary-school principals’ (teaching half- 
or more) salaries range from over $5,000 
less than $700. One in 9 teaching prin 
receives $2,500 or more per year; nearly | 
are paid less than $1,300 annually. 
In the five city groups there are 1,617 ju: 


high-school principals. One 


in 4 


receives 


$4,000 or more per year; | in 7 receives less 


TABLE 9.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID PRINCIPALS IN CITIES OVER 
30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1938-39 





Elementary-school principals 





Teaching 


Junior high-school 
Supervising principals 





if Group Group 
I! II! 


Group Group Group Group ; 
I II I II 


High-schoo! 
principals 


Group 
I 


Group 
II 





3 





-— 
— 


SS888 E8888 895 


ai Hud 18 


333 


BAwwem Pre UDA w2OO 


Sunce 
SSSSE 


0 
9 
8 
7 
7 
6 
6 
5 
5 
4, 
4 
4, 
4, 
4 
3 
3 
3 
3, 


3 


2 § 


Sees 


33 
$3 


NNNNh NNN ww 


—— eh 


, 300- 
elow $1,300 


Total 


ew 


Lor Se 








Median 


$2,467 $4,359 $3,215 





Arithmetic mean. 


$2,637 $4,665 $3 ,330 


625 
$4,758 
$5,254 


300 


$4,055 


$4,047 





‘ For population ranges, see Table 1, page 69. 











Aa 


Ins 
lf 
Ct) 



























$2,000. Of the 2,243 high-school prin-  tendents often exercise a wide range of func 


| in 3 receives $4,000 or more per year; tions. In some instances these officials may have 







) receives less than $2,000 annually. been reported in terms of their major assign 
[he Research Division presents, in Tables ments such as “director of research” or “‘dire« 
15, the detailed distributions for the sal- tor of physical education.” The present sum 
of superintendents, assistant superintend- mary omits a number of the salaries reported 





ts, directors, supervisors, and various types for various types of supervisors, directors, and 





assistants. For these details with regard to spe 





f nonprofessional school employees. 
‘ing these tables it should be kept in cific cities attention is calle he Special 
In studying these tables it should be kept in cific cities attention is called to the Special 






mind that city organization for school admin- Salary Tabulations mentioned on pages 88-90 
; 5 I 





stration and supervision varies widely. It might of the present bulletin. For salary schedule pro 





be inferred that few cities provide for a par- visions consult the Educational Research Ser\ 





> 


ticular function when such is not the case. ice Circulars No. 1, January 1939 and No. 3, 









For example, assistant and associate superin March 1939. 





TABLE 10.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID PRINCIPALS IN CITIES UNDER 
30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1938-39 














Elementary-school principals 
Junior high-school High-school 


Salary groups Teaching Supervising principals principals 


Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group 
II! IV! Vv Ill IV Vv Ill IV Vv Ill IV Vv 





















1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

$6,000 and over 1 3 

5,500- 5,999 5 2 
5 ,000— 5,499 3 1 2 1 13 4 
4,800— 4,999 A 

4,600— 4,799 4 5 11 

4,400— 4,599 3 1 5 1 4 
4,200— 4,399 1 1 1 1 4 15 5 
4,000— 4,199 11 1 $ 8 8 
3,800— 3,999 8 1 6 31 

3,600— 3,799 »3 3 1 12 ) 3 1 








3,400— 3,599 1 28 9 4 20 3 40 17 5 
3,200— 3,399 2 20 10 l¢ 2 1 17 8 ) 
3,100— 3,199 2 1 13 ) ) 1 14 1 

3,000— 3,099 6 7 31 5 4 3 $4 4 0 
2,900— 2,999 1 

















2,800— 2,899 6 2 31 7 4 19 3 19 ! 8 
2,700— 2,799 13 1 2 34 3 4 19 2 4 15 8 0 
2,600— 2,699 15 3 44 12 15 3 1 17 2S 15 
2,500— 2,599 16 12 3 79 8 5 5 1 0 $ 6 
2,400— 2,499 7 ) 


















2,.300— 2,399 19 8 4 34 15 15 Ss « ' 3 
2,200— 2,299 29 11 6 76 19 6 17 9 4 ) 34 
2,100—- 2,199 32 19 6 56 18 ¢ 14 11 5 11 $4 
2,000— 2,099 110 40 14 68 18 15 12 16 ) ( 2 44 
1,900— 1,999 108 35 9 71 15 4 10 8 7 ( 6 
















1,800— 1,899 2 2 4 0 
1,700—- 1,799 142 &8 28 57 20 10 3 y j ’ 21 
1,600— 1,699 i81 113 34 43 26 13 8 ] 10 } 4 13 
1,500— 1,599 167 133 61 42 2 6 10 19 1 3 
1,400— 1,499 133 126 60 33 12 ) 2 s 4 5 14 











1,300— 1,399 , 4 
1,200— 1,299 70 103 80 20 5 11 
1,100—- 1,199 51 73 83 1 1 2 ) 1 } 
1,000— 1,099 25 9 62 3 5 } 8 
900-— 999 11 45 57 3 5 








800—- 899 4 
700— 799 1 7 10 
3elow $700 5 6 
Total 1,400 1,123 659 1,061 296 163 312 142 152 451 419 448 











Median $1,676 $1,481 $1,301 $2,231 $2,028 $1,928 $2,667 $2,025 $1,579 $3,309 $2,597 $2,156 





Arithmetic mean $1,724 $1,514 $1,355 $2,317 $2,159 $2,055 $2,757 $2,073 $1,651 $3,373 $2,724 $2,211 











1 For population ranges, see Table 1, page 69 











[79] 





Sutit> Mi Vaaviesv s2OVeeeQr. i © 














69 efed ‘| a[qe] eas ‘saduei uoneindod 304 , j 


£79 7$ TLb es OF 7S bZ1 ¢$ Bel 7$ OlF $$ OF9 ' ¢$ L76' $ 90F ' 7$ 660 't$ 































£7b FS 078 9$ Ose 9$ 190° 6$ ural! SnewYyIuy 
3 
009° 7$ zst ¢$ Ite’ 7$ 968 '7$ 18s‘ 7$ oss’ e$ 00S‘ £$ ILS t$ ose 7$ sz78'¢$ ose’ t$ 1L6°S$ S71‘ 9$ 987 ' S$ ueIpaW 
pL vol TL7 9£7 Lal 001 68 +9 Lot eA $9 17Z £12 98 [BIOL | 
I LI 000° I$ “jeg 
8 I t if t 6611 -000' I 
b I 6 I 9 66€°T -007'T 
8 t BI 9 ! ¢ s 66S'1 -O0r'T 
tl t 07 Ol s 1 s 66L'T -000'T 
ol 8 It 9 ol + 1 8 z I 666'T —008'T 
rl 9 87 Sz st t t § t 661°% -000'7 
LI 6 oF Al st 1 t s L i 668° -007‘Z 
tl 6 Sz ral 8I s L z 9 9 if 66S°Z —OOF'Z 
a | 8 SZ ol 9 s s Zz ol z £ 66L°7 -009'Z 
zl I¢ tl or ol 8 t L + I 666'Z -O008'Z 
£Z 1Z Sz 67 ol ol 6 s l t 9 66l'€ -000'F 
6 L + 6 ol s S if z t Z t 66£°€ -O07' 
6 It lL It I + s | t + t Z I 66S'°€ —OOF'Es 
+ zt 6 zl 6 8 s Zz s I t s z 66L°€ -909'¢ 
s zt L st £ ¥ $s s b s Zz I 666'€ —OO08'¢ 
z It I (al z s L 4 I s z t if 661'% -000'F 
£ s Zz + Zz z z z I Z 9 ¢ ¢ 66¢'% -O0Z'F oa 
z + Zz s z i ¥ L £ I l LI L 66S‘ -—OOP't ~*~ 
s I £ I z I z l It s 66L‘% -—000'F ows 
if I t 1 z z $ z I . l 666° -008'F 
I 8 1 s I p s 6 ¢ l ol 8Z St t 66%'S -000'S 
if t 1 t Zz t if Zz 9 97 97 I 666'S —00$ 'S 
L z t t s z t 87 tf 9 66b'9 -000'9 
1 z t z I z 87 L 666'9 —00S'9 
{ 1 Z z tI 61 L 66b'L -000'L 
1 1 + l I 4 I 8 Il tl 666'L -O0S'L 
J t I s 8 tl 666'°8 -000'8 
I 1 I I £ L zi 666°6 -000'6 
! te 9 i 666° TT -000‘0T 
J J 6 z L 666‘ FT —000‘Z1 
y ¢ 49A0 PUR 000‘ STS 
$I +I et ZI Il ol 6 8 Z W s + £ z I 
Udnoiy = dnoin Irdnoign = dnoiy I1dnoiy =] dnoin I1dnoiy =] dnoiy Irdnoiy | dnoiy dnoiy =| dnoin iI. dnoiy , | dnoiy - 
uonPvonps dISNuUl JO SJOSIA spunoi2 pue sia3vueWw uonBonpe sjUuapuejuedns s]ooyurs jo 
yeorsdqd jo ss0sta -Jedns 310 ‘810}9eIIp SZurpiing jo ssoursng jO Spi1¥v0q Ayndap 30 swuopucenodag et, 
-sedns 10 ‘810}20IIp JUBISISSY ‘8$10}990IIG sjUepusjuuedns JO $9118}9199¢ ‘a}BID0SS¥ ‘jUR)SISSy . 
JUBISISSB ‘810}90IIC 









6€-8£61 NI NOILW1NdOd NI 000°0€ HHAO 
SHILIO NI SHA0IAAO AMOSIAAAdMNS ANV AAILVALSININGV NIVLYAD AlVd SHIAVIVS AO NOILNAINLSIG—II ATaVL 








VN 
I 


O0OS$ “OlO" 
60s OOS 
669 009 
662 OOL 
668 OO8 
66060 006 
660 000 
Oot 
0072 
O0t 
OOF 
OOS 
O09 
OOL 
OO8 
006 
000 
001 
007" 
00f - 
OOF 
OOS 
009 
OOL 
O08 
006 
000 
007 
OOF 
009° 
008 
000 
007° 
O00F 
009° 
008 * 
-000' 
00S" 
66F° 000° 
666° -—00S' 
aA0 pure O00’ 


VY 
66Ll 
668 
606 
6000 
ool 
667 
oot 
66F 
66S 
609 
66L 
608 
666 
66! 
66% 
66S 
661 
6606 
66! 
66¢ 
00s 
66L 
666 
66P 
666° 


Om OMIM Om! 
NMA se 


Taek een! 


CHM FTE PEMMMMMAANAAANANN 


1 
l 
t 
I 
; 
t 
l 
I 
' 
; 
c 
< 
< 
< 
< 
c 
< 
+ 
t 
t 
t 
t 
t 
t 
; 
; 
? 
s 
§ 
9 
9 


N 


wanm 
N 


oI SI tI el ZI Il ol 6 8 Z 9 s 4 € Zz 
A AI Ill A AI Ill A Al Ill A AI III A AI Ill 
dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy dnoisy dnoiyy dnoiy dnoisy dnoiy dnoiy dnoisy dnoiy dnoiy dnoin dnoin dnoiy 


uceyneonpe jeorsdyqd o1snur jo ssostasedns 10 spunoi3 puv s8urpiing uoT}wINpe jo sprv0Og s]ooyos jo 
JO s10SiAsedns 310 *810}30IP JUBISISSY ‘S30}901I1C jO Syuspuajuedns JO $9118}91995 8}U9 pusjuLedns 
‘S10}00JIP JUBISISSB ‘870}901IC 


sdnoi3 Areyeg 





6€-8t6l NI NOILVINdOd NI 000°0€ HHANN 
SAHILIO NI SHAHOI4AO AMOSIANAdGNS ANV AAILVALSININGY NIVLYAD AIivd SHINWIVS AO NOILONAINLSIaA—z 


ra 





FIGURE II 





MEDIAN SALARIES PAID ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL 
TEACHERS IN CITIES, 1938-39 


POPULATION © $200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1800 1600 1800 2000 
A ." A A. A 


GROUPS casa a . nm i 
Cities 
Over 100,000 





Cities 
30,000 to 100,000 


Cities 
10,000 to 30,000 


Cities 
5,000 to 10,000 


Cities 
2,500 to 3,000 


Research Division, National Education Associa 








For details consult Table 7 and Table 8. 





FIGURE III 








MEDIAN SALARIES PAID JUNIOR HIGH-SCHOOL 
TEACHERS IN CITIES, 1938-39 


P 
OPULATION ° $200 400 600 600 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 


GROUPS 
Cities 
Over 100,000 





Cities 
30,000 to 100,000 


Cities 
10,000 to 30,000 


Cities 
5,000 to 10,000 


Cities 
2,500 to 5,000 


Research Division, National Education Associa 








For details consult Table 7 and Table 8. 





[82] 














FIGURE IV 





- MEDIAN SALARIES PAID HIGH-SCHOOL 
TEACHERS IN CITIES, 1938-39 


POPULATION 


GROUPS © $200 400 600 6800 1000 1200 1400 |1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 260¢ 
A. A. 4. A. A. A. ole ~~ = A. 








Cities 
Over 100,000 


Cities 
30,000 to 100,000 


Cities 
10,000 to 30,000 


Cities 
5,000 to 10,000 


Cities 
2,500 to 5,000 


Research Division, National Education Associatior 








For details consult Table 7 and Table 8. 








FIGURE V 





MEDIAN SALARIES PAID SUPERINTENDENTS 
OF SCHOOLS IN CITIES, 1938-39 


| POPULATION 


GROUPS ° $1en0 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 





Cities 

Over 100,000 
Cities 

30,000 to 100,000 
Cities 

10,000 to 30,000 
Cities 

5,000 to 10,000 
Cities 

2,500 to 5,000 





For details consult Table 11 and Table 12. 











[ 83 ] 








AJBLPBS sty) Ul UPAIS SAINAY « 


L16$ 790'I$ 9LF'IS Z#8$ LIO‘IS = LET‘'IS L8zZ‘IS = =OzZ" ISt'I$ €1b'IS SOLIS ZEE'ZS ure SNewYyIWy 
Z98$ 9960$ 667‘ 1$ 6SL$ 8so$ L90'I$ LeZ'IS 06S ZoO'I$ §=LSE'IS 899'I$ SL0'7$ : ueiIpeny 
$66 gss'l 6LE'S 901 ; £88 06F' 96 [BIOL 

89 g . . . OOS$ MOlog 
6l } 66S —-O00S$ 
oll 669 —009 
Stl ; ¢ 7 66L 

Stl ; 668 

1zI r 666 

sg ; 660° T 

It > 6611 

08 ; 

oF 
67 
€1 
0z 


HANNAN TOMOM 


8 
z 
I 
I 

Z 
¢ 
+ 
t 

+ 


BANK NK NE ONS 
ae te el Net FDOWOPFAAWMALAAS 


as 


$ 





st val eI It ol 6 8 Z 9 s + £ 





| 





Al Ill II A AI Ill II I tA 1 Al 11 tI il 
dnoiy dnoig dnoig dnoiy dnoin dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy dnoiny dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy 





am sdnoi8 Areyes 
Sooo .sTedioutd ur syse[5 Sexo Aiosiasedns puv oanessTUrUIpe UI 84xI9/> S{Wapus,ULJedNs 0} $915¥}9190G 





6€-8f61 NI SHAAOIMWA TVOIMAIO AGNV IVIMNVLAXOAS AIVd SAIMVIVS AO NOILNAINLSIG—EI ATAVL 








TABLE 14.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID OTHER SCHOOL EMPLOYEES 
IN CITIES OVER 30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1938-39 





Chief attend- Attendance Head Head 
ance officers officers nurses Nurses janitors Janitors 
salary groups 
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group 
II I II lI I ll I Il I II 


8 9 10 11 12 13 


1,600 . 
500 : d 9 
400 . 6 
300 ‘ 4 
200 2 5 
100 3 
1.000 2 
‘low $1,000 7 


71 139 049 3 38 ¢ 1 543 137 
Median $2,788 $1,919 $2,219 $1,569 $2,000 $1,809 §& 3 $2 .063 
Arithmetic mean $3,257 $2,005 $2,369 $1,644 $2,116 $1,845 $§ 88 § $2,466 §$ 


For population ranges, see Table 1, page 69 





TABLE 15.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID OTHER SCHOOL EMPLOYEES 
IN CITIES UNDER 30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1938-39 





Attendance officers Nurses Janitors 


Salary groups Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group 
III! IV Vv III IV Vv Ill IV Vv 


2 é : 8 9 10 


000 and over 
900-— 2,999 
800. $99 
2,700 799 
600 699 
500 599 
400 499 
300 399 
200 299 
100 , 199 
000 ,099 
900. 999 
800. 899 
700 ,799 
600— 1,699 
500- 599 
.400—- 1,499 
300. ,399 
200. 299 
, 100 ,199 
000. ,099 
900- 999 
800 899 
700. 799 
600 699 
500. 599 

Below $500 








oe ee ee bet et eet et et ee BD DD BD DD ND BD BS A A 





Total 
Median ‘ $—500 $-—500 
Arithmetic mean i $745 $652 $1 


For population ranges, see Table i 











Comparisons between Positions and Levels 


Tables 16 and 17 present comparisons be- 
tween median salaries on the basis of index 
numbers. In each city-size group the median 
salary of the elementary-school teacher group 
is taken as 100. Indexes have been computed 
for 1930-31 (the year when salaries were gen- 
erally at their highest point) and for the 
current year 1938-39, 

These indexes are most significant in the 
case of teaching and administrative positions 
found in a majority of school systems. Types 
of positions which occur only in the more finan- 


cially able school systems are likely to 
high median salary as compared wit! 
positions ;common to all school syste: 
Group I we find that, taking the median 
of elementary-school teachers as 100, th: 
of other medians is as follows: junio: 
school teachers, 111; senior high-school 
ers, 121; elementary principals, 151; 
high-school principals, 197; senior high 
principals, 215; and superintendents of sc! 
374. Other similar comparisons can be 
in Table 16 and in Table 17. 


TABLE 16.—MEDIAN SALARIES PAID AND INDEX RELATIONSHIPS IN CITIEs 
OVER 30,000 IN POPULATION, 1930-31 AND 1938-39 





Positions 


1930-31 1938-39 1930-31 1938-39 


Median salaries 


~ Group I 


Index of relationship, elementary 
teachers’ salary=100 





Group II Group I Group II 


1930-31 1938-39 1930-31 1938-39 





8 9 





Classroom teachers: 


Kindergarten 

Elementary school 

Atypical classes 

Junior high school 

High school. . 

Part-time or continuation school 
Heads of departments in high school 


Deans: 
unior high school 
igh school 
Principals: 
Elementary school 
Assistant principals......... 
Teaching principals. 
Supervising principals 
Junior high schoo! 
Assistant principals 
Principals 
High school 
Assistant principals 
Principals 
Part-time or continuation school 
Principals 
Administrative and supervisory staff: 
Superintendents of schools , 
Associate, assistant, or deputy superintendents 
Business managers : 
Directors, assistant directors, or supervisors of: 
Research, tests, and measurements. ..... 
Vocational education 
Physical education 


Evening schools 
Americanization classes 
Art 


Penmanship. ..... 
Manual training or industrial arts. . . 
Home economics 
Visual education 

Other school employees: 

Secretarial and clerical employees: 
Secretaries to superintendents of schools... . 
Secretaries of boards of education......... 
Clerks in principals’ offices 
Clerks in other administrative and super- 
visory offices 


— eh 


Chief attendance officers 
Attendance officers 


NOK NeK Nee 











eI rat ol 6 


O€-BEGI TE-OF6I GE-BE6T ITE-OFGT 


A dnoin AI dnoip Ill dnoig 


OOT=Areyes ,Ssioqove} Arejuemele ‘diqsuoneiel jo xepuy 


6Of-8E6I IE-Of6I G6F-BEST 


009 
OFS 

06! 

ost 
POL 
Isl 
00S 
S88 


97S 


198 


SLi 
ort 
OSt 
Oo¢ 
OSL 
OOS 


Te-0f61 
A dnoiy 


b 


6E-8E6I T£-Of6I 
AI dnoin 


SolJ¥[eS ULIPe 


Of-8E6I TE-Of61 
III dnoin 


SasiINN 
saojviuel 
juUspUuaIULadNS 
19430 UI S¥sa]D 
ftouuid ul sysayy) 


i U “ 0} Sa@LIPJ3INaS 


Saakojdms 49410 


" 
UOT BON pa [et A 
ju XINSPIUI PUB ‘8}89} ‘YOIeVs9ay 
IAJQGNS JO ‘S10}IVIIP JUBISISSE ‘SIOIIIIICG] 
SIVBEULUI SSoUISNg 
SJUIPUIIULIBANS JUPISISSY 
sjooyds jo S}UapUajzULIadNS 


{pis Kaostasagns pud aasjvajssusmp| 
pooyos YysI 
jooyos ysiy sorunl 
jooyos Arequd a Zurstassdns 
jooyNs AieUVWala Zuryoea pL 
SpDg19utsg 
nenunuos Qull}-yeg 
JOoyos YsIV 
jooyos ysry so1unf 
1 ss ATV UIUII[A 


S49YID9Y ULOO4SSD]D 


suoTIsOg 





6€-8f6l AGNV 
le-0£61 “NOILV1NdOd NI 000‘°0€ HHANN SHILIO NI SdIHSNOILVIEA XAGNI GNV CIVd SAHINWIVS NVIGAN—LI ATAVL 





Intercity Comparisons 


Tables 18 and 19 compare the median and For example, superintendents of sch: 
average (arithmetic mean) salaries paid kinder- ary committees, and others desiring 
garten, elementary-school, junior high-school, figures by individual cities may need 
and high-school teachers in the various cities more of the Special Salary Tabulation 
over 100,000 population. tabulations give detailed information 
cannot be included in the Research Bul! 


Sources of Further Information 


Altho for most purposes the summary tables 
contained in this bulletin will be sufficient, the 
Research Division stands ready to supply addi- 
tional information needed by those conducting 
intensive salary studies or campaigns. tabulations will be published. The key : 


general circulation. 
The Special Salary Tabulations { 
school year 1938-39 will become ayail 


during April and May of 1939. Five ditfere, 


TABLE 18.—MEDIAN AND ARITHMETIC MEAN SALARIES PAID KINDERGARTEN 
AND ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS BY CITIES OVER 100,000 IN POpy 


LATION IN 1938-39 





Elementary- Elementary 
Kindergarten school Kindergarten schoo 
teachers teachers teachers teachers 


Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median Mear 


1 2 73a 7 8 9 


494 a Camden, N. J. 805 805 $1.919 $1 x 
401 Elizabeth, N. J 100 926 1,968 1.8 
329 Jersey City, N. J 550 650 2,162 

458 Newark, N. J ,068 ,919 7 

168 Paterson, N. J 000 ,778 


Trenton, N. J 
Albany, N. Y 
Buffalo, N. Y 
New York, N. Y 
Rochester, N. Y 





Ff 


an 
We Ne 


mNMNNN NNN! 


Birmingham, Ala 
Long Beach, Calif $2,401 $2,212 
Los Angeles, Calif 2,309 2,134 
Oakland, Calif 2,448 2,400 
San Diego, Calif , 163 2,193 


NNN he 
NN 
wn 
x 


050 986 
963 , 966 
200 , 200 
326 3,063 
205 ,213 


527 
620 
,030 
269 
855 


2 

San Francisco, Calif 2,025 2,091 
Denver, Colo 2,550 2,425 
Bridgeport, Conn. 1,725 1,774 
Hartford, Conn 2,217 2,070 
New Haven, Conn 1,824 1,712 


NWN rh 
NWNNh 


m=Nem hh 


000 ,000 
000 ,000 
890 915 


, 100 
. 233 
, 280 
539 


Syracuse, N. Y 
Utica, N. Y 
Yonkers, N. Y 
Akron, Ohio 
Canton, Ohio 


Wilmington, Del ,600 1,583 
Washington, D. C , 246 2,194 
Jacksonville, Fla hinted ava 
Miami, Fla.* 

Atlanta, Ga , 767 1,693 


mm Nh 
— ee 

NNN 
=m wh th 


Cincinnati, Ohio 
Cleveland, Ohio 
Columbus, Ohio 
Dayton, Ohio« 
Toledo, Ohio 


Peoria, Ill , 700 1,546 
Evansville, Ind ,600 1,404 
Fort Wayne, Ind 1,750 
Gary, Ind 1,756 
Indianapolis, Ind. ‘ 


Nee Nh 


Youngstown, Ohio 
Oklahoma City, Okla 
Tulsa, Okla 
Portland, Ore 

Erie, Pa..... 


Philadelphia, Pa 
Pittsburgh, Pa 
Reading, Pa 
Scranton, Pa 
Providence, R. I. 


South Bend, Ind... » ea 1,628 
Des Moines, Iowa... . 1,810 
Kansas City, Kans F 1,412 
Wichita, Kans “ 1,475 
Louisville, Ky a 1,646 


— ht het pe 
a 


New Orleans, La : 1,593 
Baltimore, Md . 1,875 
Boston, Mass 95 1,956 
Fall River, Mass é 1,261 
Lowell, Mass . ‘ 1,443 


— ND ee ee 
— ee ee 
NeNMNr 


555 


Knoxville, Tenn 
Nashville, Tenn 
Dallas, Texas 

El Paso, Texas 
Fort Worth, Texas 


,925 
,543 
,010 
061 
050 


Lynn, Mass 

New Bedford, Mass 
Somerville, Mass 
Springfield, Mass 
Worcester, Mass 


1,481 
.775 1,700 
069 2,016 
,035 1,871 


400 2,169 
, 288 1,330 
,638 1,568 
,629 1,665 
, 102 1,949 


“Nee 


Houston, Texas 

San Antonio, Texas 
Salt Lake City, Utah 
Norfolk, Va 
Richmond, Va 


,412 
449 
,657 
696 
, 139 


Detroit, Mich 

Flint, Mich 

Grand Rapids, Mich 
Duluth, Minn 
Minneapolis, Minn 


St. Paul, Minn 1,655 1,682 
Kansas City, Mo 1,689 1,640 
St. Louis, Mo sacce aetee 2,563 
OE OES 1,419 





Neem PD NNN ee 


Wm memen Wh meme 
ND me ome me WD 


Seattle, Wash. . 
Spokane, Wash 
Tacoma, Wash. . 
Milwaukee, Wis 


,652 
,695 
700 
.519 


| mmr 


= Ne ee 
mn ee 





* Dade County including Miami. 

> Excludes teachers engaged in special services. 

© Figured on the basis of a nine months’ school term. 

4 Kindergarten teachers are included in elementary teachers. 
* Includes kindergarten and atypical teachers. 





[ 88 | 


















¢ each tabulation together with a brief de mean salary paid in 1927, 1931, 1935 

gee: ee 1937, and 1939; (c) the median salary 
». »f it follows: .. : ’ : 

scription ot paid in 1939; (d) the number of em 






































fabulation—Salaries paid teachers, principals, and ployees in each type of position; and 
I-A certain other school employees in cities e) a distribution of salaries paid in 
over 100,000 in population. Shows for 1939 
various groups of school employees, 
“ and for each city individually: (a) labulation—Same as tabulation I-A except that it 
/] population of city; (b) arithmetic II-A includes cities of 30,000 to 100.00 
f TABLE 19—MEDIAN AND ARITHMETIC MEAN SALARIES PAID JUNIOR AND 
SENIOR HIGH-SCHOOL TEACHERS BY CITIES OVER 100,000 IN POPULATION 
oN IN 1938-39 









Junior high- Senior high- Junior high- Senior high 








































































































































, school teachers school teachers* school teachers school teachers* 
City City 
SARTEN Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean 
1 POpy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
irmingham, Ala $1,793 $1,687 Camden, N. ] $2,233 $2.080 $2 48 $? 3201 
i, ng Beach, Calif $2,910 $2,865 ».910 2,831 Elizabeth, N. ] 2.167 » 183 600 $13 
mentar Angeles, Calif 2,813 2.621 2.907 2.671 Jersey City, N. ] 2 2c6 3 n7 2 
schoo Oakland, Calif 2,819 2,631 2 , 833 2,640 Newark, N. J ?,172 » 654 3, 240 3; 260 
achers San Diego, Calif 2,516 2,417 2,807 2,552 Paterson, N. J +.050 ) 
an Mea San Francisco Calif 2,389 2 383 3,204 2,892 rrenton, N. J » 244 » 242 3.100 » 033 
lenver, Colo 2,825 2,532 2,843 2 636 Albany, N. ¥ » 369 » 359 > 404 370 
7 Bridgeport, Conn 2,200 2,088 2,356 2,266 suffalo, N. \ 619 » 45? 
: Hartford, Conn 2,300 2.243 3,256 3.140 New York, N. \ 3,830 3,618 4.455 3908 
©} New Haven, Conn 2,100 2,053 2,461 2,506 Rochester, N. \ 68 8 
Wilmington, Del 1,856 1,811 ? 050 ? O58 Syracuse, N. \ » 400 ? 349 » 400 100 
Washington, D. C 2,451! 2,412 2,841 2,792 Utica, N. ¥ » 440 418 
Jacksonville, Fla 1,364 1,339 1,302 1,305 Yonkers, N. \ 3.619 3,300 3,876 3,460 
Miami, Fla.¢ 1,616 1,557 1,612 1,562 Akron, Ohio 1, O7¢ 010 
Atlanta, Ga 2,402 2,080 2,457 2,332 Canton, Ohi ? 209 012 
Peoria, Ill 1,721 1,652 2,065 2.082 Cincinnati, Ohio 2,528 » 411 » 823 6 
Evansville, Ind 2,221 2,107 Cleveland, Oh 2,738 » 408 3.19 019 
Fort Wayne, Ind ? 463 2,374 Columbus, Ohi ? 331 2.180 2.33 17 
Gary, Ind 2,140 2,053 Dayton, Ohi 2,042 1,957 2.439 ) 338 
7 Indianapolis, Ind 2,185 2,136 Toledo, Ohio ee, 2,143 2,459 » 360 
7 South Bend, Ind 1,863 1,878 2,320 2.231 Youngstown, Ol 2.429 2.415 2.9438 » 6ORa 
' Des Moines, Iowa 1,807 1,836 1,987 1,947 Oklahoma City, Okl 1,398 1,493 1,925 1,874 
F Kansas City, Kans 1,905 1,747 ?, 100 ? 053 Tulsa, Okla 1,824 1,822 1,861 1,952 
Wichita, Kans 1,837 1,791 1,857 1,792 Portland, Ore 2,124 1, 97¢ 
Louisville, Ky 1,810 1,763 2,267 ? 191 Erie, Pa 2,150 2,095 2,311 64 
| New Orleans, La 2,230 1,943 Philadelphia, P 2,800 2.723 3,251 +.189 
; Baltimore, Md 2,057 1,995 2.737 » 588 Pittsburgh, Pa 2,832 » 722 3 1 3. 269 
1 Boston, Mass 2,443 2, 423 3.055 3.082 Reading, Pa 2,303 ? 233 » 539 » 494 
Fall River, Mass 1,745 1.723 1,904 1,778 Scranton, Pa 2,229 2,088 2,175 082 
1 Lowell, Mass 1,854 1,881 1,971 2,144 Providence, R. | 2,402 2,072 » 661 427 
Lynn, Mass 2,150 2,170 2,367 2,447 Knoxville, Tenn 1.533 1.509 1,675 1.668 
1 New Bedford, Mass 1,908 1,867 2,232 2,231 Nashville, Tenn 1,352 1,364 1,746 1,742 
18 Somerville, Mass 2,102 2,016 2,156 2,131 Dallas, Texas 1,858 1, 808 » 314 221 
Springfield, Mass 2,399 2,378 2,972 2, 849 El Paso, Texas 1,529 1,542 
44 Worcester, Mass 2,516 2,285 2,768 2,767 Fort Worth, Texas 1,473 1,456 1,900 1,684 
1 Detroit, Mich 2,868 ? 871 2,870 2,842 Houston, Texa 1,825 1,793 2.163 1,991 
1.8 Flint, Mich 1,596> 1,602 1,683 1,691 San Antonio, Texas 1,636 1,627 1,678 1,704 
1 Grand Rapids, Mich d i 2,1894 2.1484 Salt Lake City, Utah 1,989 1,786 
Duluth, Minn 1,987 1,903 2,194 2,058 Norfolk, Va 1,548 1,526 1,500 1,503 
1 Minneapolis, Minn 2,148 2,118 2,501" 2,272 Richmond, Va 2,103 2,013 », 224 », 137 
1 681 St. Paul, Minn 2,222 2,121 2,237 2,200 Seattle, Wash 2,647 2,467 2,676 2.511 
1.350 Kansas City, Mo 1,941 1,972 2,199¢ 2,177: Spokane, W: 2,117 2,067 2,209 », 204 
1 454 St. Louis, Mo 1,600 2,035 3,691 3.313 Tacoma, Was! 1,988 1,863 2,005 1,933 
Omaha, Nebr 1, 800! 1,660! Milwaukee, Wis 2,424" 2.247* 2.655 2,614 
1 gO ——$_$_i—_. - ---— —— 
‘ * Excludes vocational school teachers unless otherwise noted 
5 * Includes junior-senior high-school teacher 
» Includes vocational school teachers 
5 * Dade County including Miami 
) * Junior high-school teachers are included in high-school teachers 
a * Includes junior college and teachers college 
‘ Includes heads of departments 
* Excludes teachers engaged in special services 
" Figured on the basis of a nine months’ school term 
'‘ Includes cooperative high-school teachers who teach 11 months 
! Includes normal school teachers 
* Includes junior trade school teachers. 
' Includes boys and girls technical schools and junior-senior high-school teachers 





[89] 








Tabulations—(Bound together in one cover) Sal- 


III-A 
IV-A 
and 

V-A 


aries paid elementary, junior high-, 
and high-school teachers in cities 
2,500 to 30,000 in population. The 
tabulations are arranged so that cities 
of approximately the same population 
are placed together. Shows for each 
city: (a) its population; (b) the 
number of teachers employed in each 
of the three groups in 1939; (c) the 
arithmetic mean salary paid in 1927, 
1931, 1935, 1937, and 1939; and (d) 
the median salary paid in 1939. 


Tabulation—Salaries paid administrative and su- 


pervisory officers. Shows the salary 
paid in 1939 to each administrative 
and supervisory school officer in cities 
over 100,000 population. 


Tabulation—Same as tabulation I-B except ¢ 
II-B includes cities from 30,000 to 


Table 20 illustrates the type of info: 
carried by these tabulations. Tabulatio 
earlier years may also be obtained by, 
wishing to study trends in particular citi: 

The cost of preparing and publishing , 
bulletin is paid out of the general funds of +, 
National Education Association thru the R, 
search Division budget. For each of the | 
Special Salary Tabulations, however, it is 1: 
sary to fix a special charge of $5 to cov: 
cost of preparation and publication. 


20.—SAMPLE TABLE FROM THE SPECIAL SALARY TABULATIONS 
SALARIES PAID ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS IN 1938-39 
Cities Over 100,000 in Population 








Srates and «ities 


Distributias of salaries 
2RL0 











ibe 


Fo |SaS 


oa) fe 
te | to | te te | to | to we | we 


z 


te | te 





‘BOO 
to | te 
uw 
sa. 





minim ae) we me 


4 





=k 





181 


2 





= 
é 








wer fises] we 





Ls. 
errs 
1688 
nee 
eee 
fe 
ne 
ree 
ave 
pu 
eee 
reac 
8 


a 








i $s¢o0: sespeees: Eee 


ESREEESS |E 
PESSSESESE (EP 


4 





BStte 


MERE SREEE 


SSESCee. sne.k..ste 








ad ? 
SE2463 
s ~BewnS#8:: 8 
5 
sBSsseteeskscess 








ueettes. 
i sBSeeee 
esae2 
— 
Gisesesoseezt. eet: 
i sega 8ceucecessessf.ored 


o> Bead®sSSnn5:: 
ERE: ~~ mer? -: 
SE Beet 


~ 
Samal 


. 
= 
a 


deebaisivieetcacensseetvaensezsseee 


2 
2 2BSSoSeces8S: Be 
igte.: -ssee8e 


= 


SEIZIETESSE 
i see: Bacleesrasoneas 


ba 





i Si SoSo8i BursseectsrsssShescc esti eucessceneches Fccees Eso300: 3Re: 


its! eesseseeslS$.ebsesesshs.c 8 


8883 














oEs88 





























SRAERES UBER ERLEGESENGEEER ELI NEE TE 


GRESESECERREREDESESEES 











SRROGUBEE: BEEREESEECE SELLE? 


£8835.5.255 


i BStee: Be 


i sES. sees .53..8: 


253cetistk. 


wa 


eam eet eSESES 














tucB.§ss 


i Sue Seers bo ten 
™ i -BESUEGET. tone Fes 








eesesck: g8:: 


 -SSrsceseeese: 8uBee 
i -seES! served. 8.8. 
i Eben! tepesereBed: : 
ii weue! seBeoes ii 


+ EBB .4-528:: 











; B8- 











wtEsscreeeS aS eeecetdieer 
i 88-228: Sessbess$..... 


: s8BEsxes: :: 


i $8s2- 


i guseeeteuSt.ex: x: 
eaBsece.: seen: F 
aeszssa.: 23858: 

i $-$u8s3.: B3een:: 

i eas: 


Peet ettit ite) 


iewsesSressesh: 


ce: : 
: BGESse8. ose 28! : 
ri ea8 c8e: ee: 8: 


ot obSSueu: ge. 
$8: stxsse: o8:2:::: 


Gi esEnses 
i ot Shsshcess5B: 


te 
== 
. 
Ree 













































































Supplement—Certain Data on Rural Teachers’ Salaries 


[he data presented in the first six columns 
[able 21 were supplied by state departments 
ication. Comparisons between states can 


ide only 


within the limits imposed 


and 5. Column 7 of this table 
was taken from Statistics of State School Sys 


1935-36 


columns 2, 3, 4, 


tems, prepared by the federal Office 


by of Education 


TABLE 21.—SALARIES PAID RURAL TEACHERS BY STATES 





Definition of rural* 


fornia 
lorado 


nnecticut 1936-37 


Delaware 


ation 


Counties having no ci 
with 2,500 or mort 
population 


Georgia According to census* 


1935-36 Township 


1936-37 I 
school districts 


Towns under 2,000 popu- 


Open country—non-hig! 


Average annual 
salary of rural 
supervisors, prin 
cipals, and teach 
ers in 1935-36 
as reported by 
federa! Office of 
Education 


Annual 
salary 


Type of 


Groups of teachers measure 


Negro 
All teachers 
White 


Negro 


Elementary 
Men whit 
Women whit 
Men negro 
Women negr 
High school 
Men white 
Women white 
Men negro 
W 1en neg 


Elementary 
Men eat 108 
Women 096 
All teacher 096 
or high 
Men 
Women 
All teachers 
H gh s hool 
Men 
Women 
All teachers 


Elementary 
White 
Negro 

H gh S¢ hool 
White 


te 


Negro 


White teachers 


Negro teachers 


Elementary 
White 
Negro 

High school 
White 
Negro 


All rural teacher 


All rural teacher 











TABLE 21.—SALARIES PAID RURAL TEACHERS BY STATES (Continued) 





2 3 


4 





Kansas 


Kentucky 


Louisiana 


Maine 
Maryland 


Massachusetts 


Michigan 


Minnesota 


Mississippi 


Missouri 


Montana 


Nebraska 


Nevada 


New Hampshire 


1936-37 Not reported 


1937-38 According to census*® 


1936-37 According to census* 


1937-38 One-room schools 


1936-37 All schools under county 
superintendents@ 


Towns of less than 2,500¢ 
population not main- 
taining high schools 


According to census* 


1937-38 According to census* 


1936-37 According to census* 


Rural districts not main- 
taining high school 


Districts with less than 
1,000 population 


1937-38 


One-and-two-teacher 
schools 


1937-38 


One-and-two-teacher 
schools 


1938-39 


1937-38 One-room schools 


One-teacher elementary 
schools 
Men 
Women 
Two-or-more-teacher schools 
(elementary only) 
en 
Women 
Two-or-more-teacher schools 
(both elementary and 
high schools) 
Men (elementary) 
Women - 
Men (jr. high school) 
Women ; 
Men (high school) 
Women + 
Rural high schools 
fen 
Women 


Elementary 
Men white 
Women white 
Men negro 
Women negro 
High school 
Men white 
Women white 
Men negro 
Women negro 


Elementary 
White 
Negro 

High school 
White 
Negro 

All rural schools 
White 
Negro 


All teachers 


Elementary—White 
One-teacher schools 
Two-teacher schools 
Three-or-more-teacher 

schools 
All elementary white 

Elementary—negro 

High school 
White 
Negro 


Elementary and junior-high 
school teachers> 


Communities 500 to 1,000 
Men 
Women 
All teachers 
Communities 1,000 to 2,500 
Men 
Women 
All teachers 


Elementary 
Ungraded 
Graded 

High school 


All teachers 
White 
Negro 

Men white 

Women white 

Men negro 

Women negro 


One-teacher elementary 
schools 

Two-teacher elementary 
schools 

Three-or-more-teacher ele- 
mentary and high schools 


All teachers 
Men 
Women 


All teachers 


All teachers 


Mean 


Median 


Median 


Mean 


269.14 
983 .33 
,069 83 


Mean 


,217.80 
,068 .24 
Sas 78 


608« 
855° 
1 ,049¢ 


Median 


458 .00 
150.00 


648 .00 
614.00 
520.00 
500 


Mean 


Mean 


Mean 680 


800 
$615 
Mean 
1,407 


Median 1,001 





[92] 





TABLE 21.—SALARIES PAID RURAL TEACHERS BY STATES (Continued) 





> 
“ 


1935-36 


1936 


1936 


1936 


Dakota 


1936 


regon 


nsylvania 


de Island 1936 


ith Carolina 


ith Dakota 


1936-37 


1937-38 


Not reported 


Ack 


ording t 


Towns under 4,500 popu 
lation 


no cit 


untts 


ounties h 
administr 


iving 
itive 


Not reported 


Districts under 3,000 


population 


Distrycts under 5,000 
population 


According to census*® 


All unincorporated areas 


According to census* 


According to census* 


County school district 


n rural sche 
Men 
Women 
room rural scl 
Men 
Women 
ite teachers 
Men 
We 


men 


All tea 


Both races 


One-room rural 
Graded and consolidate 
open country 


Graded and consolidate 


town 


~achers 


Elementary 
H gh s hool 
All teachers 


Elementary 
High school 


All men 
All women 


Elementary 
Men white 
Women white 
Men negro 
Women negro 
All elementary 
High school 
Men white 
Women white 
Men negro 
Women negré 
All high schoo! 


Elementary 
Men white 
Women white 
All white 
Men negro 
Women negro 
All negro 

Junior high 
Men white 
Women whit 
All white 
Men negro 
Women negro 
All negro 

High school 
Men white 
Women whit« 
All white 
Men negro 
Women negro 
All negro 


Element&ry 
Men 
Women 

Junior high 
Men 
Women 

High school 
Men 
Women 


00 
00 


00 
00 


j 
l 


Median 


Mean 


595 
532 


646 
620 
585 
Sil 

613 


036 
840 
691 
540 
911 


821 
893 
885 
564 
549 
551 


376 
386 
384 


Mean $1 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 


Mean 
941 


1,300 
1,121.44* 
96* 
18* 


1,487 
1,176 













21.—SALARIES PAID RURAL TEACHERS BY STATES (Continue 








2 3 

























Vermont 1938-39 One-and-two-teacher Elementary 
schools Men Mean 679.81 
Women ¥ 665 .25 


All teachers 665.91 
















Virginia . 1936-37 All areas not chartered Elementary 


cities* White Mean 617.00 
Negro . 394.00 
Both races . 557.00 
High school 
White “ 846 .00 
Negro , 554.00 
Both races ™ 815.00 
All teachers 
White ‘ 676.00 
Negro ‘ 405 .00 


Both races 613 
















Washington 1937-38 According to census* All teachers 
Men Mean 
Women 7 


080.17 
091.19 


West Virginia 1936-37 Towns under 5,000 popu-_ All teachers Mean 1,027.00 1,0 
lation 











Wisconsin All schools under county One-teacher schools 
































superintendents Men Median 738 .00* 
Women : 711.00* 
Two-or-more-teacher schools 
(elementary only) 
Men . 963 .00* 
Women . 810.00* 
County high school including 
Elementary grades 
Men « 981 .00* 
Women . 900 .00* 
High-school grades 
Men - 1,323 .00* 
Women . 1,071 .00* 
o 
Wyoming .. 1935-36 One-and-two-teacher All teachers Mean 630.91 865 


schools 





* The United States census classifies as rural, communities with a population of less than 2,500. The term 
} this table is not in every instance defined in strict accordance with the census classification. 

> Includes principals and supervisors. 

¢ Computed from distribution of salaries reported. 

4 Altho there are cities in some of the counties, the salary schedule prevails thruout each county for all schools w! 
cities or rural territory. 

* Includes about 5 towns over 2,500. 

ft Estimated. 

® Median salary reported $74 per month for those with nine months’ school term and $66 per month for those with « 
months’ term. Annual salary derived by multiplying the monthly median salaries by the length of term by the number of tea 
and obtaining an average. 

» Mean salary reported $55.43 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school term, approx 
8.2 months in 1935-36. 

' Mean salary reported $69.46 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school term, approxi! 
8.8 months in 1935-36, 

1 Mean salary reported $89.41 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school term, approx 
8.95 months in 1935-36. 

* Computed from mean salaries of individual districts and the number of teachers. 

1 Mean salary reported $80.80 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school tern 
months in 1937-38. 

™ Mean salary reported $77.52 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school ter: 
months in 1937-38. 

™ Mean salary reported $73.22 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school term 
months in 1937-38. 

© Mean salary reported $63.91 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school term 
months in 1937-38. 

P Mean salary reported $76.69 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school ter: 
months in 1937-38. 

& Mean salary reported $129.62 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school tern 
months in 1937-38. 

® Mean salary reported $105.00 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school tern 
months in 1937-38. 

* Mean salary reported $86.49 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school ter: 
months in 1937-38. 

* Mean salary reported $67.55 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school ter: 
months in 1937-38. 

" Mean salary reported $113.89 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school ter: 
months in 1937-38. 

¥ Includes a few communities over 2,500. 

* Includes 17 towns over 2,500. 

* Computed from distribution of monthly salaries reported. Annual salary derived by multiplying by a school ter: 
months which applied in most cases. 

















[94] 





Forms and Definitions Used in Collecting Data 


lustrate the method by which the study 
je, part of one of the forms used in 


be reported under these classifications only 
if the persons concerned devoted half time or 
duties. 


more to administrative or supervisory 


g figures is shown below. On request, 
Research Division will send a complete set 
The form reproduced below was 
“ This 


juestionnaire also called for similar informa- 


The form sent to cities under 30,000 in popu 
lation is similar to the one reproduced below 
except that the 
teachers was expanded to include kindergarten 


{ forms used. 


nt to cities over 30,000 in population. classification for elementary 


teachers, teachers of atypical classes, and teach 


le- 


on principals and all other school em- 
as assistant or vice-principals in e 
mentary Similarly, the 
of junior high-school teachers and high-school 


ovees. ers rated 
Teaching principals were defined as those schools. classifications 


loing some regular classroom teaching, while 
supervising principals were those giving full teachers were expanded to include teachers 


Vice 


principals, assistant principals, and deans were 


time to administration and supervision. rated as heads of departments, and assistant 


principals or vice-principals in these schools 


FIGURE VI—SAMPLE SECTION FROM QUESTIONNAIRE FORM 





On pages 2, 3 and 4 report the salaries you expect to pay for the school year 1938-39 
Deduct all direct or indirect losses arising from the salary reductions, teaching part of 
the year without pay, voluntary return of a portion of salaries to the school board, and 
other similar losses. DO NOT include school employees paid out of Federal or State 
WORK-RELIEF FUNDS. 

In answering this inquiry give figures ONLY for individuals employed for FULL TIME 

Read notes (a) to (k) at foot of this page BEFORE filling out this section 


SPECIAL DIRECTIONS 


DIRECTIONS: 





5ive number ¢ of employees whose calaries fall in each of the 


Give the number of teachers whose salaries fall in each of the salary groups indicated below alary groupe indicated b 


EMPLOYEES 


OTHER SCHOOL 


CLASSROOM TEACHERS 








| 
Miempntery Junior high | High Schoo! | 
Salary Groups grades 1. 2, | 

4, S and | | | Clerks in 

School offices of 
School clerks in | administra 
| janitors Principals’ | | tive and 
See note | See note fh 
h) below | (i) below 
| 


All salaries should be in 


| 3. 
Kindergar- 16 and where| Teachers 
terms of yearly salary | of 


ten teach- | , separate 
ers. See 


Teachers 
n Attendance 


| an unter high 
officers 


atypical | when main-| school is | Highschool | part-time 
tained asa maintals ved | department | or continua 

separate otherwise 4 tion schools 

school or- | grades 9 | See note 

ganization. | 10. ik and | () below 


junior high | 


See not te | 


| ban note 


below 


6 

















Notes: 
(a) In column 2 include regular kindergarten teachers in full charge of a kindergarten room. Also include kindergarten teachers teaching a sectior 
of the first grade in addition to kindergarten class 

(b) In column 3, in addition to regular elementary classroom teachers, include those rated as assistant or vice-principals who devote more than half 
time to classroom teaching: also include teachers of vocational and special subjects in regular elementary schools. 

(c) In column 4 include teachers of ungraded rooms, sub-normal groups, open-air classes, cardiac classes, and other special or atypical groups 

(d) In column 5, in addition to regular junior high school teachers, include those rated as heads of departments; assistant or vice-principals devoting 
more than half time to classrcom teaching; and teachers of vocational and special subjects in regular junior high schools. 

(e) In column 6, in addition to regular high school teachers, include those rated as assistant or vice-principals, etc., 
to classroom teaching; also include teac of vocational and special subjects in regular high schools. 

(f) In column 8 include teachers of schools for employed children who attend part time only. 

‘f ) Do not include head nurse in column 9 (See line 8 on page 4). 


Do not include chief attendance officer in column 10 (See line 7 on page 4). 
ually on the annual or school year basis. Do not include head janitor on 


who devote more than half time 


ti In column 11 include only regular, full-time janitors employed indivi 
this page (See line 9 on page 4). 
j) In column 12 include oniy regular, full-time clerks ca to principals’ offices for clerical duty 
(k) In column 13 -j— onl lar, full-time stenograp typiats, clerks, etc., employed in these offices 
intendent or secretary of of ucation on this page (See lines 2 and 5 on page 4). 


Do not include secretary to the super 




















ere should pay enough— 


To attract young persons of the highest personal 


and professional qualifications. 


To hold in teaching those who, beginning with first- 
class qualities, continue to improve themselves thru ex- 


perience, travel, and further study. 


To permit those who remain in teaching to live with 
the material and the cultural surroundings commensurate 


with their responsibilities to youth and to the state. 


To provide savings whereby those incapacitated by age 
or disability may retire in decency, making way for a new 


generation of teachers.