RESEARCH BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL VOL. XV - No. 2 EDUCATION MARCH - 1937 ASSOCIATION Salaries of School Employees, 1936-37 Published by the RESEARCH DIVISION of the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. RESEARCH BULLETIN or me Published five times each year in January, March, May, September, and November President, ORVILLE C. PRATT NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Executive Secretary, WILLARD E. GIVENS Director of Research: William G. Carr; Associate Director: Frank \W. Hubbard Assistant Directors: Richard R. Foster, lvan A. Booker, Hazel Davis Research Assistants and Section Heads: Frances G. Bradley, Louise B. Sease, Helen H. Cox, Anna Haddow, Madaline K. Remmlein, Jennette R. Tandy, and Ruth Shirley. Executive and Editorial Offices 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Copyright, 1937, by the National Education Association Entered as second-class matter February 10, 1923, at the Post Office at Washington, D. 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Address communications to the Research Division, National Education As- sociation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. CONTENTS age FOREWORD 60 INTRODUCTION 61 Method of Making Survey 6] Size of Sample 61 TRENDS IN SALARIES, 1930-31 To 1936-37 62 THE RANGE AND DIsTRIBUTION OF SALARIES IN 1936-37 68 INTERSTATE COMPARISONS 78 INTERCITY COMPARISONS 80 Sources of Further Information 80 SUPPLEMENT—CERTAIN Data ON RURAL TEACHERS’ SALARIES 83 ForMs AND DerFiniTions Usep In CoLLecTING Data 86 List of Tables Page 1. Number of School Systems Included in Study 61 2. Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities over 100,000 in Population 62 3. Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities 30,000 to 100,000 in Population 63 4, Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities 10,000 to 30,000 in Population 64 5. Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities 5,000 to 10,000 in Population 65 6. Trends in Salaries Paid Employees in School Systems in Cities 2,500 to 5,000 in Population 66 7. Distribution of Salaries Paid Teachers in Cities over 30,000 in Population in 1936-37 68 8. Distribution of Salaries Paid Teachers in Cities under 30,000 in Population in 1936-37 69 9. Distribution of Salaries Paid Principals in Cities over 30,000 in Population in 1936-37 70 10. Distribution of Salaries Paid Principals in Cities under 30,000 in Population in 1936-37 71 11. Distribution of Salaries Paid Certain Administrative and Supervisory Officers in Cities over 30,000 in Population in 1936-37 79 12. Distribution of Salaries Paid Certain Administrative and Supervisory Officers in Cities under 30,000 in Pepulation in 1936-37 73 13. Distribution of Salaries Paid Secretarial and Clerical Employees in 1936-37 76 14. Distribution of Salaries Paid Other School Employees in Cities over 30,000 in Population in 1936-37 77 15. Distribution of Salaries Paid Other School Employees in Cities under 30,000 in Population in 1936-37 77 16. Median Salaries Paid Teachers in Cities over 30,000 in Population by States in 1936-37 78 17. Median Salaries Paid Teachers in Cities under 30,000 in Population by States in 1936-37 79 18. Median and Arithmetic Mean Salaries Paid Kindergarten and Elementary-School Teachers by Cities over 100,000 in Population in 1936-37 80 19. Median and Arithmetic Mean Salaries Paid Junior and Senior High-School Teachers by Cities over 100,000 in Population in 1936-37 8] 20. Sample Table from the Special Salary Tabulations g? 21. Salaries Paid Rural Teachers in 33 States 83 [ 59] Tntraductian FOREWORD HIS BULLETIN of the Research Division summarizes the eighth biennial "ees of the salaries of school employees. The pertinence and complete- ness of the data are due largely to the excellent cooperation of local and state superintendents of schools and their staffs. The completion of the ques- tionnaires meant in many instances the devotion of considerable time and energy. All who use this information will appreciate the extent and the success of this cooperative effort. One encouraging fact revealed by this survey is that salaries are beginning to return to pre-depression levels. The report made two years ago estimated that salaries reached their lowest point between 1932-33 and 1934-35. As compared with 1930-31, salaries in 1934-35 were lower by 10 to 20 percent, depending on the size of city, the largest reductions being in the cities under 10,000 popula- tion. With the school year 1936-37 an upward trend has become apparent. This improvement is particularly noticeable in the cities over 100,000 in popula- tion where the medians generally exceed those of 1932-33. However, even in these larger cities, salaries are still below those of 1930-31. In cities of less than 100,000 population the restoration of salaries continues to lag. Here, where salary cuts were most drastic the medians are, in most cases, lower than in the school year 1932-33. The few indications of an upward turn give hope of better things to come. The most depressing facts are to be found in the supplement dealing with salaries in rural areas. Again and again the data show teachers working for an income which condemns them toa bare subsistence level. The National Educa- tion Association is deeply interested in this situation. Thru the Committee on the Economic Status of the Rural Teacher detailed study is being made of rural conditions. Strenuous efforts are also being made to obtain federal aid for the states thru the passage of the Harrison-Black-Fletcher Bill. It is important that all teachers lend their active support to the advancement of these two activities. Laymen, as well as members of the profession, are interested in providing a reasonable income for school employees. Adequate salaries for teachers are an investment in the future of America. The members of the National Education Association believe that America can afford to place in every classroom a well- paid and competent teacher. As an important contribution toward that end the present bulletin deserves widespread distribution and study. WIiarp E. Givens, Executive Secretary National Education Association. [ 60 ] Introduction Biennially, since 1922-23 the Research Divi- sion of the National Education Association has conducted surveys of the salaries paid in city school systems. This Research Bulletin presents a summary of the salaries paid city school employees for the current school year, 1936-37. This introduction deals with the way in which the survey was made, and the number and proportion of cities and school employees included. The rest of the bulletin is divided into the following four major parts: Trends in salaries, 1930-31 to 1936-37 Range and distribution of salaries in 1936-37 Interstate comparisons Intercity comparisons A supplement presents certain data by states on salaries paid in rural schools. The expense of conducting a rural salary study, comparable in detail to that for city schools, makes such an undertaking impossible at present. As a tem- porary substitute, data on rural salaries were collected from the state departments of edu- cation. That the National Education Associa- tion is deeply interested in the rural situation is shown by the plans of the Committee on the Economic Status of the Rural Teacher. Within the next two months 30,000 questionnaires will be distributed to rural teachers thru selected county superintendents or other rural super- visory officers in twenty representative states. The report of this study will be looked forward to with considerable interest. Method of Making Survey The procedure in making the study was similar to that followed in previous years. The inquiry forms were mailed to superintendents of schools on September 21, 1936. Reference to this questionnaire as illustrated on page 86 of this bulletin will often help to interpret the data presented. Various follow-up letters and telegrams were sent to secure the largest pos sible sampling. Correspondence with individual cities was carried forward whenever a reason able doubt occurred concerning the meaning or accuracy of the report received. Size of Sample In reporting this study the usual practise of grouping city school systems according to the population is followed. ‘Table | shows the classification used, the number of cities in each of the five population groups, and the number and percent of such cities submitting usable replies. The fi columns | and 2 of Table 1 are followed con ve population groups as defined in sistently thruout this bulletin and are referred to by Roman numbers hereafter, both in text and in tables, so as to conserve space and avoid cumbersome repetitions. A total of 1895 cities is included in the salary survey for this year. This represents three-fifths of all city school systems and 92 percent of the school systems in cities with more than 30,000 population. It is estimated that 85 percent of all employees in city school systems in the United States are included in the tabula tions. This is a remarkably complete coverage for questionnaire studies of this type. The Re- search Division and all others interested in teachers’ salaries are grateful to the superin tendents and other school officials who have submitted detailed reports. The number of school employees of all classes included in this study is 407,557. TABLE 1.—NUMBER OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS INCLUDED IN STUDY Group Population number ranges a Over 100,000 I 30,000 to 100,000 Ill 10,000 to 30,000 _ ae §,000 to 10,000 ¥ 2,500 to 5,000 Total Number of city Number of school systems ; Percent oe city school ; pov pece ted systems reporting replying 3 4 5 93 91 97.85 232 207 89.22 670 408 69 85 859 488 56.81 1,301 641 49.27 3,155 1,895 60 06 Trends in Salaries, That salaries of school employees were greatly reduced during the economic depression is a well-known fact. How far they have re- covered is shown in the tables in this section of the bulletin. Table 2 gives median’ salaries paid the various types of school employees in cities over 1 Those not familiar with the term “median’’ may look upc as the familiar “arithmetic mean’’ or ‘“‘average.’’ More specifica 1930-31 to 1936-37 100,000 in population in the four bien: periods since 1930-31. From inspection of th). table we find that median salaries paid all type. of employees decreased from 1930-31 to 193) 33, and decreased still further in 1934-35, |, 1936-37, salaries show an upward trend. |; practically every type of position in cities oj mn it as having, for ordinary purposes, the same general sign lly, the best paid 50 percent of a group of teachers seiee equal to, or greater than, the median salary, and the poorest paid 50 percent of a group of teachers receive salaries equal less than, the median. Median salaries are computed for all school employees of each classification concerned except in a few cities wher schedules for white and colored teachers were reported separately. In these cases only the salaries paid white teach: included. Salaries paid colored teachers in cities maintaining separate salary schedules for white and colored teachers are ta and available for reference on request. A minus sign ( calculated from the information given, but is somewhat below -) before a median figure means that an exact f 3 : median can: the sum following the minus sign. TABLE 2.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS IN CITIES OVER 100,000 IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1936-37 Type of school employee Median salary paid in Percent of change 1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1931- 1937 1933- 1937 | 1935- 1937 1 2 3 + 5 6 7 . Classroom teachers: IS eto ocd gcd Gmh te 6 a6.6 $2,077 $1,909 $1,926 $2,045 1.54 + 7.12 ¢ ee 2,118 1,947 1,922 2,027 — 4.30 + 4.11 5 4 DS 5 kw cegin come ease ean 2,372 2,100 1,996 2,182 ~ 8.01 + 3.90 ) NE Re re ee 2,348 2,204 2,078 2,303 1.92 + 4.49 10.8 ligh school. ES ae 2,731 2,479 2,436 2,551 6.59 + 2.90 4 Part-time or continuation school 2,695 2,793 2,693 2,886 + 7.09 +- 3.33 Heads of departments in high school. 3,436 3,008 2,913 3,288 — 4.31 + 9.31 1 Deans: Junior high school....... 3,092 2,730 2,539 2,888 6.60 + §.79 +13 ON Ea eee 2,942 2,667 2,268 2,464 —16.25 —~ 7.61 + & ¢ Principals: Elementary school Assistant principals.............. 4,280 4,614 4,042 4,245 — 0.82 — 8.00 + 5 ( Teaching principals. See oe 2,436 2,184 2,135 2,207 —~ 9 40 + 1.05 + 3 Supervising principals.......... 3,519 3,102 3,016 3,225 — 8.35 + 3.97 ( Junior high school Assistant principals.............. 3,496 2,899 2,850 3,106 —11.16 + 7.14 + 8.98 Dd te weecwes es cee Sy 4,500 3,961 3,718 4,064 — 9.69 + 2.60 + 93 High school Assistant principals...... ee Ee ; . 5,544 3,647 3,453 3,569 —35.62 — 2.14 + 3.3 Principals ia el tii nd le axel Guta 5,100 4,468 4,252 4,473 —12.29 + O.11 + §.2 Part-time or continuation school | PUIG sc wtenecseweerweses. 4,111 3,700 4,125 5,125 +24.67 +38.51 +24 Administrative and supervisory staff: Superintendents. ...... 0.2... 6e sess sees . 10,000 8,267 7,288 7,825 —21.75 — §.35 Associate, assistant, or deputy superintendents. . cccee Se 5,672 5,578 5,645 —13.51 0.48 i i ca eREATEE Rec K Sd cececes 5,361 4,500 4,186 4,543 —15.26 + 0.96 8.5 Directors, assistant directors, or supervisors of : Research, tests, and measurements............ 3,400 3,010 2,925 3,020 —11.18 0.33 VO@GROIORE GUMGREIOM. 00. ccc ccc ccc cscccess 3,550 3,380 3,075 3,187 —10.23 — §.71 3:64 Es coc t hide beeeccdcceccscnces 3,100 3,123 2,909 2,989 — 3.58 — 4.29 + 2 eS ee a eae wide Aa doe e 60.0 . 3,167 2,500 2,800 2,175 —31.32 —13.00 ? Gs nwa pen awewdbdns bEdCcevsdos ay 3,325 3,000 2,700 : —18.80 10. 0¢ Americanization classes. ........-....0--000585 3,240 3,033 2,750 2,950 — 8.95 — 2.74 + Pc GAR EDAMNESS Vaated OPE DeerEceonseevenrcaes 2,867 2,744 2,687 2,860 — 0.24 + 4.23 6.44 saa P coe heeekoasd cdcdces eerste se . 2,909 2,825 2,569 2,813 — 3.30 — 0.42 + 9.50 ETT ee CC Oe 2,933 2,789 2,727 2,907 — 0.89 + 4.23 6.6 Manual training or industrial arts............. 3,450 3,308 3,278 3,136 — ¢.10 — 5.20 4 DREN 6 cc akaeaeeeadeesecsecscnonr 3,219 2,967 2,818 3,040 — 5.56 + 2.46 88 Other school employees: Secretarial and clerical employees Secretaries to superintendents. ................ 2,329 1,978 1,779 1,918 —17.65 — 3.03 8 Secretaries of boards of education............. 4,450 3,700 3,333 3,767 —15.35 + 1.81 13.0 Clerks in principals’ offices................55-. 1,281 1,133 1,147 1,218 — 4.92 + 7.50 6 —- = other administrative and supervisory A iS te oo i aa . 581 1,442 1,450 1,528 — 3.35 + 5.96 5.38 Superintendents of buildings and grounds.......... 4,267 3,400 3,109 3,156 —26.04 — 7.18 1.5 a a os dxkéy s cace hha gh Oe RRA 6CAe EE O8 500 2,000 1,564 2,657 + 6.28 +32.85 +69 88 — Det hS pean sdee es dens dase ate dceeowhe nes 1,541 1,265 1,211 1,297 —15.83 + 2.53 + 7.10 EE en cn cens Gane ewe hey tNEA been ctuans 2,138 2,029 1,875 1,943 — 9.12 — 4.24 3.¢ Ps int nktn dh ARR Oks eCRED on edeee ccd eece 1,715 1,611 1,512 1,706 — 0.52 + 5.90 12.8 Chief ED GEOR. on cic cccwdrccscccccrscens 3,125 2,783 2,530 2,767 —11.46 — 6.57 + 9.3 RIES, 5 wien Ob ee chess cba ceccesccees 2,078 1,971 1,888 2,063 — 0.72 + 4.67 + 9 Prin Uther 51937 38 RR 10 63 83 ta Ne, this size the 1936-37 salaries are higher than those of 1934-35, and in most cases they exceed those of 1932-33. However, salaries are still considerably lower than those for 1930-31. Tables 3 to 6 give similar data for cities of the other population groups. These tables also show an upward trend for 1936-37. But the salaries are, in most Cases, still lower than those tor 1932-33 for 1930-31. While salaries in cities under 100,000 in popu lation have increased somewhat, the recovery as well as those has been much less rapid than in the large cities. A study of the details of Tables 2 to 6 re TABLE 3.—TRENDS IN SALARIES IN CITIES 30,000 TO 100,000 veals a number of interesting facts. shows the trends in cities over 100,000 in popu lation. ‘The median salaries of kindergarten teachers reached the lowest point in 1932-33; in 1934-35 there was some improvement ; and by 1936-37 the medians were only 1.5 percent 1930-31 Median salaries of elementary teachers apparently reached their below the level. lowest point in 1934-35. These salaries have lagged behind the recovery of kindergarten sal aries as shown by the fact that they are still 4.3 1930-31. Median ot junior high-school teachers are percent salar 1es | QO? percent below behind, and the median salaries of senior high PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1936-37 Median salary paid in Percent of change Type of school employee 1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1931-1937 1933-1937 1935-1937 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 lassroom teacher Kindergarten $1,609 $1,557 $1,469 $1,566 > 6 0 58 ». 60 Elementary school 1,609 1,526 1,412 501 6.71 1.64 , 20 Atypical classes 1,850 1,747 1,611 t, 708 68 » 23 6 0? Junior high school 1.860 1.761 1.612 1.74 6 OR 0 20 8 High school » ant 1,994 1,834 054 7 44 > Of 6 54 Part-time or continuation school 166 » O17 1.90? O71 4 39 . 2 68 2 20 Heads of departments in high schools 575 2,482 2.412 552 0.89 ? 82 80 Jeans: Junior high school » 36 308 » 150 325 | 074 14 High school » §23 » 294 » 270 350 6 6 14 Principals: Elementary school Assistant principais 56 ». 471 300 rT 1k 8 > 51 & Teaching principals » O11 1,872 1 38 876 6.71 0.21 n Supervising principals ? 646 569 ? 364 52 4 50 1.63 6.90 Junior high school Assistant principals >. 743 », 508 >. 563 S00 & 86 0.32 + Principals 3,353 3,037 ? 833 ; O12 10.17 0.8 High school Assistant principals 3,053 » 975 ?, 850 3,017 1.18 + 1.41 L § g¢ Principals ; 4.281 3,885 3.635 3,839 10.32 1.18 5 61 Part-time or continuation school Principals 3,050 > 900 » 800 188 4.52 9 93 13 &¢ Administrative and supervisory staff: Superintendents of schools. . 2 6.758 6.090 5.51 6,006 11.13 1.38 2 R6 Associate, assistant, or deputy superintendents 4.587 4.267 +,033 +, 160 9 31 » 51 . 9 os susiness managers waewa'® ‘ 3.690 3,220 3,060 3,075 16.67 1.50 + 0.49 Directors, assistant directors, or supervisors of: Research, tests, and measurements » 450 2,467 ?, 100 267 7.47 8 11 } 95 Vocational education 3,200 3.075 2.675 3.100 3.13 0.8 15 8&9 Physical education 2,479 2.553 2,288 431 1.94 4.7 6.25 Health , 2,125 2 367 1,850 ?, 500 17.65 5.62 35.14 Evening schools 1,033 1,000 1,325 1,100 6.49 16.98 Americanization classes 933 2,150 1,875 2.075 29.25 49 10.6 Art ham 2,324 ?,219 ? 096 ? 213 4.78 0 27 5 58 Music.... 2,375 2,342 » O71 ?, 238 5.77 4.44 8 06 Penmanship ? 300 2,300 2,275 417 5.09 5 09 6.24 Manual training or industrial arts 2,892 2,650 2,445 », 788 3.60 5.21 14.03 Home economics aces ?, 300 2,233 1,953 ?, 294 0.26 2.73 17.46 Other school employees: Secretarial and clerical employees Secretaries to syperintendents of schools 1,815 1,622 1,508 1,604 11.63 1 6.3 Secretaries of boards of education 2,514 2,357 2,143 2,508 0.24 + 6.41 17.03 Clerks in principals’ offices 1,046 1,000 1,000 1,000 Clerks in other administrative and supervisory Offices. ; 1,268 1,180 1,105 1,201 5.28 + 1.78 + 8.69 Superintendents of buildings and grounds 2,700 2,513 2,313 2,438 9.70 ? 98 5.40 Head janitors P 1,978 1,916 1,700 1,882 4.85 e370 10.71 Janitors 1,444 1,287 1,233 1.298 10.11 L 0.85 5 27 Head nurses 1,973 1,787 1,660 1,733 12.16 3.02 4 40 Nurses. ... 1,651 1,558 1,454 1,573 4.72 + 0.96 8.18 Chief attendance officers 2,033 1,911 1,838 1,905 6.30 0.31 3.65 Attendance officers 1,736 1,617 1,450 1,557 10.31 3.71 38 school teachers are still 6.59 below those paid in 1930-31. Principals and superintendents have apparently recovered less rapidly than any of the preceding classroom groups. As com- pared with the high point of 1930-31, their median salaries are still below: 8.35 percent for supervising elementary-school principals ; 9.69 percent for junior high principals; 12.29 percent for senior high principals; and 21.75 percent for superintendents of schools. In cities between 30,000 and 100,000 in population similar facts may be pointed out. According to Table 3 the median salaries of kindergarten teachers reached the lowest point in 1934-35. This trend was also true of teach- ers’ salaries in elementary, junior high, and senior high schools. During the current year, however, salaries have begun to recover, altho all are below the 1930-31 level. The median salaries are less than those of the highest year by the following percents: kindergarten teach- ers, 2.67 percent; elementary-school teachers, 6.71 percent; junior high-school teachers, 6.08 percent; high-school teachers, 7.44 percent; supervising elementary-school principals, percent; junior high-school principals, 1().|7 percent ; high-school principals, 10.32 percen: and superintendents of schools, 11.13 percen; Table 4 shows the salary trends in citie between 10,000 and 30,000 in population. A. in cities in Group I and Group II, median sa! aries reached their lowest levels in 1934-35, |; many types of positions the medians for 1936 37 show that recovery has set in, altho ther has been no apparent gain in some cases. Fo, example, the median salary of business may agers reported for 1936-37 is below that oj 1934-35. This condition is also true for dire tors of research, for supervisors of physic education, penmanship, and manual training and for secretaries of boards of education. Eve for the positions where salaries are improving the medians are below the 1930-31 level: el; mentary-school teachers, 9.17 percent; junio: high-school teachers, 10.07 percent ; high-schoo! teachers, 11.09 percent; supervising elemen tary-school principals, 7.07 high-school principals, 10.57 percent; junio percent; hig! TABLE 4.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS IN CITIES 10,000 TO 30,000 IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1936-37 Median salary paid in Percent of change Type of school employee "1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1931- 1937 1933- 1937 1935-1937 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ~ Classroom teachers: Elementary school!.............. ere $1,428 $1. 360 0: .288 $1,297 — 9.17 — 4.63 SS oe . 1,619 ,525 1,390 1,456 —10.07 — 4.52 4 igh school..... an ae 1,876 1347 1,603 1,668 —11.09 — 4.52 4.0 Part-time or continuation schools............ eee 1,864 1,741 1,550 1,070 —42.60 —38.54 30 Principals: Teaching elementary school........... 1.742 1,648 1,476 1,561 —10.39 — 5.28 5 Supervising elementary school...... 2,349 2,252 2,119 2,183 — 7.07 — 3.06 3 ao ah ay wan't 6-4 oe ada 6 ‘ ik . 2,763 2,493 2,307 2,471 —10.57 — 0.88 ee a a ae So anaig wea 0s «. 8,683 3,300 3,010 3,061 —15.28 — 7.24 + 1 Administrative and supervisory staf: ee CO ee ee eee ... 5,149 4,600 4,242 4,419 —14.18 — 3.93 + 4 Assistant superintendents .................. . 2.950 2,800 2,750 3,175 7.63 +13.39 15 4 IR ds dg an cc ubyiaee sed e's ; 3,200 2,788 2,575 2,550 —20.31 — 8.54 0 Directors, assistant directors, or supervisors of: Research, tests, and measurements........ . 2,303 25 1,950 1,836 —14.60 —11.52 5.8 Vocational education............. Se aaene a sa ee ee —17.96 + 1.02 Physical education............... cdecessecre e)6|6nee6| lo 1,870 — 6.92 — 2.81 0. 8 RSE Caen dus ook a Ow redees 630650 cisco . ae 1,579 1,388 1,650 — 6.62 + 4.50 +18.8 Evening schools............... eee a —500 —500 —500 esas Americanization classes................ > 625 —500 900 —$00 etree Md AeA 6 has Ka bwe teen dwiaweds « wees £2 Qe See | hee — 6.35 — 4.26 3.39 inde re Ee ok oaads eenkas. ewe salt ‘ 1,943 1,842 1,685 1,744 —10.24 — §.32 3. Sf te te ale a i ai hae Bb-eeD ... 1,888 1,830 1,883 1,817 — 3.76 — 0.71 3.51 Manual training or industrial arts......... 2,194 2,081 1,879 1,860 —15.22 —10.62 1.01 RE IN 1,718 1,688 1,575 1,605 — 6.58 — 4.92 + 1.90 Other employees: Secretaries to superintendents............. ees 1,453 1,297 1,202 1,254 —13.70 — 3.32 + 4 Secretaries of boards of education......... iccvcee 5,008 Tae) Se. 68 — 6.00 + 9.81 4 Clerks in principals’ offices . nO ‘ 966 836 787 820 —15.11 — 1.91 4 Clerks in other administrative or supervisory ‘offices. 1,113 1,074 940 1,022 — 8.18 — 4.84 + 8.72 Superintendents of buildings and grounds........... 2,175 2,007 1,930 1,979 — 9.01 — 1.40 + 2.54 — RT OS ee 2 oc > ae Be ee sain | 1,267 1,192 1,231 — 9.49 — 2.84 + 3 Ls Sbincddta'h ti os dese ee eberecuebeusce ond. eee 1,598 1,467 1,493 —15.27 — 6.57 + 1 Attendance officers. ... 0.0... cece eee eens 1,195 1,190 1,080 996 —16.65 —16.30 7.78 | | 1 Includes kindergarten teachers. [ 64] ect A tre He cor pa san idm > ' J Pa App * ~1937 3 l l "wae = 39 01 90 school principals, 15.28 percent; and superin rendents of schools, 14.18 percent. In Table 5 are given the median salaries between 1930-31 and 1936-37 for 5.000 to 10,000 population. Unlike the cities of Group III (10,000-30,000) the medians reported are almost all consistently higher for cities of the current year than they were in 1934-35. There is, however, considerable lag as com pared with 1930-31. For example, the median for elementary-school teachers is 11.74 percent ; junior high-school teachers, 10.98 per cent; and high-school teachers, 11.94 percent. Principals’ salaries also have not recovered: down supervising elementary-school principals, 7.95 percent; junior high-school principals, 14.33 percent ; and high-school principals, 10.90 per cent. The median salary of superintendents is still 13.01 percent behind the 1930-31 median. Finally, we may examine Table 6 for the trends in cities 2,500 to 5,000 in population. Here also are many signs of improvements as Com parisons with 1930-31, however, reveal the compared with the survey of 1934-35. same conditions pointed out in connection with the larger cities. Median salaries are generall\ below those of 1930-31. the was that teachers’ salaries in the statement small cities Earlier in this section made recovering more slowly than in tact by reviewing the percentages that the mediar are apparently the large cities. This may be illustrated salaries of 1936-37 are below the 1930-31 level In order of city size the median salaries of elementary-school teachers are lagging as fol Group I, 4.30 percent; Group II, 6.71 percent; Group III, 9.17 percent; Group IV, 11.74 percent; and Group V, The lag of high-school teachers’ salaries lows: i329 percent ] also shows the influence of city size: Group I, 6.59 percent; Group II, 7.44 percent; Grou III, 11.09 percent; Group IV, 11.94 percent and Group V, shown that in the largest cities the median sal aries for 1936-37 have passed the 1932 for cannot be made for the smaller cities, even tho 14.93 percent. It may also be 33 level most types of positions. This statement 1936-37 salaries show some improvement ove 1934-35. These facts are shown graphically in Figure I, page 67. TABLE 5.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS IN CITIES 5,000 TO 10,000 IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1936-37 Median salary paid in Type of school employee 1930-31 i 2 room teachers: Elementary school! $1,303 Junior high-school 1,494 High-school 1,692 Part-time or continuation school 1,454 Principals: Teaching elementary school 1,583 Supervising elementary school 2.239 Junior high-school 2.184 High-school 2,825 idministrative and supervisory staff Superintendents 4.188 Assistant superintendents 3,300 Business managers » 500 Directors, assistant directors, or supervisors of Research, tests, and measurements 2. 425 Vocational education 2,350 Physical education 1,884 Health 1,588 Art 1,688 Music 1.729 Penmanship 1.579 Manual training or industrial arts 2.041 Home economics 1.613 ther employees: Secretaries to superintendents 1,392 Secretaries of boards ot education 558 Clerks in principals’ offices 800 Clerks in other administrative or supervisory offices 1,057 Superintendents of buildings and grounds 1,900 Janitors 1,275 Nurses 1,641 Attendance officers 600 ‘Includes kindergarten teachers Percent of change 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 1931-1937 1933-1937 1935-1937 3 4 5 6 7 8 $1,217 $1,050 $1,150 11.74 5.51 + 9 1,376 1,208 1,330 10.98 3 34 +10.10 1 575 1.379 1,490 11.94 5 40 8 Os 1,500 R38 900 38 10 40 00 40 1.465 1.246 1.398 11.69 4.57 } 0 2.314 1,962 061 7.95 10.93 + § OS 1.956 1,669 1.871 14. 33 4.35 1 10 2.603 35 517 10.90 3.30 ? 3.818 3,440 3,643 13 01 4.58 5 90 » 650 283 30.82 1 x ?, 163 1,700 32.00 1 41 > 250 2,225 8 25 { 2.225 1.833 > O13 14.34 9 53 » g 1,719 1,585 1,663 11.73 3.2 4 9 1.000 1.250 1.750 +10.20 +75 00 10 00 1,563 1.406 1,525 9 66 ?. 43 8 46 1,57 1,415 1,518 12.20 3.50 " 8 1,325 975 1,050 33.50 0.75 ) 1.8523 1.593 1.732 15.14 6.53 8.73 1,460 1,277 1.384 14.20 5 21 e 22 1.079 946 1,037 13.00 3.89 547 532 627 +12.37 14.63 783 687 732 8 50 6 51 ( 053 R56 ORD 7.28 > 2% 14.4 1,860 1 6 1,838 3.26 1.18 + 0 1.144 969 1,068 16.24 6.64 10 1,494 1,329 1,431 12.80 4.2 600 600 600 TABLE 6.—TRENDS IN SALARIES PAID EMPLOYEES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMs IN CITIES 2,500 TO 5,000 IN POPULATION 1930-31 TO 1936-37 Median salary paid in Percent of | of change Type of school employee 1930-31 ~ 1932- 33 | 1034-35 1936-37 1931-1 1937 1933-16 1937 1935-1937 1 2 3 - 5 6 7 . Classroom teachers: Elementary school!. avibies diwane P $1,162 $1,089 $961 $1,008 —13.25 — 7.44 Junior high school. . rr : 360 1,270 1,125 1,183 —13.01 — 6.85 Lg 4 High school. . aan os 1,547 1,429 1,260 1,316 —14.93 — 7.91 + 4 44 Part-time or continuation school... ... 700 950 —600 —600 ence - gave Principals: Teaching elementary school....... 1,409 1,353 1,181 1,233 —12.49 — 8.87 14 Supervising elementary school........ 2,175 2,000 2,038 1,950 —10.34 — 2.50 4 Junior high school................. won a 1,775 1,536 1,433 1,508 —15.04 — 1.82 es ie ia wtp dbee ap Ob ereuis: caw 2,403 2,134 1,851 1,986 —17.35 — 6.94 Administrative and supervisory staff: ee bey a cewen ete cess & ale . BRS 3,216 2,850 3,044 —14.61 — §.35 + 6.2 Business managers................005055 taal Sina. 6 1,400 1,850 2,050 re +46.43 +108 Directors, assistant directors, or supervisors of: Vocational education. . ek. TR NE Ee . 2500 2.5696 1,617 1,750 —30.00 —19.54 1 8 Physical education............. ig aise eoa Bee 1,714 1,559 1,492 —15.03 —12.95 4 30 SR en ee Seer 950 1,050 1,350 + 3.85 +42.11 +285 REE ree es 1,450 1,427 1,419 1/438 — 0.83 + 0.77 + 1.34 SSR Se ee ee eee 1,439 1,374 1,266 1,338 — 7.02 — 2.62 EE CEO TT TTT Oe ae ee 1,350 1,350 950 —25.49 —29.63 ) Manual training or industrial arts............. 1,867 1,731 1,554 1,625 —12.96 — 6.12 $ Home economics. ‘es pagel arial iNtuse See 1,384 1,250 1,330 —12.84 — 3.90 6.4 Other employees: Secretaries to superintendents...................5- 885 833 790 846 — 4.41 + 1.56 } 0 Secretaries of boards of education................. —500 —500 —500 —500 ae eee Clerks in principals’ offices.................. . 781 710 656 675 —13.57 — 4.93 7 Clerks in other administrative or supervisory offices. . 764 739 663 775 + 1.44 + 4.87 1 Superintendents of buildings and grounds.......... 2,150 1,750 1,550 1,600 —25.58 — 8.57 + PE oF UP EAEC CCK CSeOECELS RENEE ED cossonadede 1,190 1,045 946 1,023 —14.03 — 2%11 8.14 EERE RRS Re ys Sea eee eee 1,546 1,354 1,140 1,216 —21.35 —10.19 ¢ fi --. 600 —600 —600 —600 : ak SR oi prn de esd aCe A medrecd Cede 1 Includes kindergarten teachers. HE ECONOMIC STATUS of any teacher is naturally of major personal concern to that teacher. The economic status of teachers as a group is, or should be, a matter of fundamental professional concern to all educators and to parents and citizens generally. From the purely personal point of view, a satisfactory economic status is important because it means having the necessities of life in sufficient amounts for one’s self and depend- ents; a reasonable amount for giving to worthy causes outside one’s own household ; ample opportunity for wholesome recreation and for cultural and professional growth; and a chance to make adequate provision for future emergencies and for retirement. From the strictly professional point of view, these things are important because they help to maintain the morale of teachers and to improve generally the efficiency of our schools. The profes- sion of education may well give even more careful consideration than in the past, to the economic conditions and problems of its members and to ways of getting other citizens to do the same. This is essential to the well-being of one of society’s most potentially valuable groups, and hence essential to the effectiveness of the work which society expects this group to do.—T he Teacher's Economic Position, Research Division, National Education Asso- ciation, 1935. [ 66 ] FIGURE I SALA 1800 1400 1200 1000 800 $2200 2000 TRENDS IN ELEMENTARY- SCHOOL TEACHERS’ SALARIES, 1930-31 TO 1936-37 RY POPULATION GROUPS Cities Over 100,000 —| Cities 30,000 to 100,000 Cities 10,000 to 30,000 Cities 5,000 to 10,000 Cities 2,500 to 5,000 oe ho 1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 TRENDS IN HIGH-SCHOOL TEACHERS ’ SALARIES, 1930-31 TO 1936-37 SALARY POPULATION sone GROUPS 2600 ities er 100,000 2400 2200 2000 Cities 30,000 to 100,000 1800 — Cities re 10,000 to 30,000 Cities oe 5,000 to 10,000 Cities sia 2,500 to 5,000 1930-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 Research Division, National Education Association For the exact amounts upon which these graphs are based consult Tables 2 thru 6. [ 67 ] The Range and Distribution of Salaries in 1936-37 The median salaries reported in the preced- ing section summarize as well as is possible in any single figure the general status of city teachers’ salaries. It is important, however, to know how the salaries are distributed above and below the median figure. Table 7 presents this information for the three main groups of teachers in cities over 30,000 in population, and Table 8 gives this same information for cities under 30,000 in population. Tables 9 and 10 show the distribution of salaries for the four main groups of principals in cities over 30,000 and in cities under 30,000 in population, respectively. Tables 11 and 12 give these data for certain administrative and supervisory officers. Table 13 presents the distribution of salaries paid to secretarial and clerical employees, while Tables 14 and 15 show this information for attendance officers, nurses, and janitors. The tables in this section bring out clearly TABLE 7.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID TEACHERS IN CITIES OVER the relative position of the median salarie the different population groups and the ex: to which the distributions themselves ove They show that, altho the median sala: various groups of teachers increases wit! size of the city in which the teacher is ployed, there is a considerable amount of lapping in the distributions of the salarj There are some types of positions in the la cities in which many individuals receive loy salaries than some persons in like positions the smaller cities. Differences in the experience and training of the individuals involved, the salary schedu of the cities, and variations in living costs among the factors which account for this ov: lapping. It will be seen that the larger cities general, show a wider spread of salaries t! the smaller cities. The distributions fo: smaller cities tend to spread less. Tables 7 to 15 also give the total numbx 30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1936-37 Elementary-school teachers Salary groups Junior high-school teachers High-school teachers Group I! Group II! Group I Group il Group I Group II 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $4,000 and over 2 34 3,791 3,800— 3,999 23 58 33 616 3,700— 3,799 22 1 12 22 647 3,600— 3,699 149 35 17 506 3,500— 3,599 2,709 1 2,512 27 532 4 3,400- 3,499 ; 226 160 35 551 3,300- 3,399 63 2 27 24 348 3,200— 3,299 423 49 235 59 2,199 5 3,100— 3,199 : 8,402 4 41 24 206 ) 3,.000— 3,099 391 45 324 04 1,549 18 2,900— 2,999 1,057 205 165 50 2, 806 130 2,800— 2,899 363 109 2,459 81 2,984 149 2,700— 2,799 1,115 188 911 149 1,560 524 2,600-— 2,699 1,972 151 942 217 2,040 3 2,500— 2,599 2,348 201 1,104 315 1,870 509 2,400— 2,499 3, 806 283 1,640 280 3,227 545 2,300— 2,399 3,258 351 979 324 1,631 639 2,200— 2,299 9,698 663 1,096 689 2,645 1.039 2,100— 2,199 4,385 879 1,488 439 1,874 624 2,000— 2,099 6,905 1,013 956 614 1,534 879 1,900- 1,999 9,687 1,540 1,078 659 1,882 1.07 1,800— 1,899 4,669 2,831 1,047 1,072 1,755 94 1,7 1,799. 4,736 2.022 947 899 1,270 &( 1,600— 1,699. 3,988 2,337 840 930 971 1,01 1,500— 1,599. . 5,292 2,230 825 993 857 890 1,400— 1,499 3,498 2,778 736 887 507 584 1,300— 1,399... 3,719 2,556 778 635 646 4¢ 1,200— 1,299... 2,69¢ 2,978 647 726 547 473 1,100— 1,199.. 2,007 2,270 493 406 445 296 1,000— 1,099.. 1,649 2,032 456 337 292 5 Below 1,000 1,641 2,468 187 332 229 44 Total ‘ ey 90,902 30,187 23,212 11,339 42,517 13,10 Bs wanes euenueegs $2,027 $1,501 $2,303 $1,747 $2,551 $1,954 Arithmetic mean $2,099 $1,558 $2,315 $1,808 $2,615 $2 , 01 1 For population ranges, see Table 1, page 61. [ 68] wwe wn eT +} various employees reported by the cities ie vered in this survey and the median and .rithmetic mean for each type and city size. lables 7 and 8 bring out the usual tendency for salaries to increase with the size of the city Figures II to V in salaries paid the main classes of school on pages 74 and 75 show medi employees in cities in the various population groups. [he tendency to pay higher salaries to teach ers giving instruction to older children is also The median salary of teachers in the junior high evident from the figures of these tables schools in cities over 100,000 in population is approximately $275 higher than that of ele ot high-school teachers is nearly $250 higher than mentarv-school teachers, and the salary that of junior high-school teachers. Another comparison between median sal iries, paid for various positions in cities over 100,000 population, may be made by index numbers. Taking the median salary of elemen 1 ) tary-school teachers (‘Tal LUO. ow is i the index numbers of othe posit unior high-school teachers, 113.6; high-schoc teachers, | Sa Pe teaching elementaryv-schnoo principals, 108.9; and supervising elementary incipals, 159.1. Altho not presented in this bulletin, similar school pr comparisons may re made for the other city groups. In Department of Elementary School Principal proposed a salar to $7000 for supervising elementary principal According to Table 10, 1+ principals out of 6500 have approached any t! At least elementar\ principals received 1936-37. s9 and not more than where near lis proposed maximum { a AS) supervising less than $2000 n 1928 the Committee on Standards of the chedule ranging from S2000 ) For the first time since the 1928-29 survei the Research Division presents, in Tables | to 15, the detailed distributions for the salaries of superintendents, assistant superintendents directors, supervisors, and various types of non professional s« hool employees TABLE 8.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID TEACHERS IN CITIES UNDER 30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1936-37 Elementary and kindergarten teachers Salary groups Group Group Group Ill IV! Vi l 2 3 4 100 and over 5 39 3 3,000-— 3,099 3 12 4 ) 900- 2,999 4 9 4 800— 2,899 5 9 ? 700— 2,799 24 13 14 » 600- 2,699 35 14 10 500-— 2,599 51 14 28 2.400- 2.499 109 19 18 ? 300- 2,399 106 6 »3 2,200— 2,299 135 51 6 2,100— 2,199 188 53 6 2,000— 2,099 324 123 56 1,900— 1,999 565 159 56 1.800— 1,899 927 263 102 1,700-— 1,799 1,280 259 134 1,600— 1,699 1,600 539 336 1,500- 1,599 1,872 650 3905 1,400- 1,499 3,291 1,417 541 1,300— 1.399 2,419 1.091 545 1,200- 1,299 2,883 1,312 801 1,100- 1,199 2.768 1,461 1.085 1,000- 1,099 3,043 1,673 1,558 900. 999 2.367 1,898 2,142 800. 899 997 1,241 1,137 700 799 684 781 919 600 699 286 338 576 Below 600 82 137 734 Total 26,053 13,601 11,275 Median $1,297 $1,150 $1,008 Arithmetic mean $1,331 $1,206 $1,071 For population ranges, see Table 1, page 61 Group ITI $1 $1 High-school teachers Junior high school teachers Group Group Group Group Gr IV Vv Ill IV 5 6 7 8 ?) 10 ) 4 12 61 4 6 43 1 | 8 3 13 i8 0 } 4 90 45 18 5 5 126 43 5 Ss . 178 bet 68 13 ; 95 91 i 60 10 5 61 101 123 1 6 4106 121 } 115 4 ) 450 162 9 09 30 16 609 169 8 19 35 1 5 63 301 60 1 R14 339 5 374 04 1.086 420 ) 422 100 5 1.071 51 a4 106 152 17 1,39 76 650 173 105 1.151 696 1 50 270 114 1,119 6 58 851 9? 189 4.2 818 904 68 324 72 932 858 199 55 »42 335 578 543 g59 515 30 54 448 432 9 311 22 4 23 455 tO l 110 51 ao a? 129 102 4 8 3? 69 18 18 43 15 58 315 46 1,983 13.622 8.043 065 456 $1.330 $1.183 $1,668 $1. 490 $1 510 $1,398 $1,240 $1,724 $1.55 $1 ~ 69 TABLE 9.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID PRINCIPALS IN CITIES Over 30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1936-37 Elementary-school principals - : — —————————————__ Junior high-school High-scho Salary groups Teaching Supervising principals principals Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Gro I! II: I Il I II I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $8,000 and over 43 7,500— 7,999 3 ¢ 7,000—- 7,499.. , petits , 1 2 2 6,500— 6,999 13 71 18 6,000— 6,499 238 1 15 3 7 5 ,500— 5,999 oad 75 7 12 4 47 5,000— 5,499... r wie oii 35 10 41 6 79 4,800— 4,999. aes bie 22 5 45 31 4,600— 4,799 93 7 12 1 35 4,400— 4,599 58 7 22 3 77 4,200— 4,399 ; al 69 13 44 6 43 4,000— 4,199 ‘ ey 308 12 39 20 35 3,800— 3,999. , Pe ‘ 123 37 46 17 43 3,600— 3,799 : 12 425 38 27 32 32 ’ 3,400— 3,599 : 3 243 62 43 40 40 } 3,200— 3,399 ; P : > 11 1 341 69 28 22 20 3,100— 3,199... feWee ; , 1 7 118 45 29 23 21 3,000— 3,099... ere ‘ 6 15 280 84 16 13 13 2,900— 2,999... oe e aents es 9 2 198 42 15 17 3 x Sk | Ser , 34 3 150 49 13 20 10 2,700— 2,799... ee ee et ee 9 13 155 76 18 3 4 CO Ee eee 40 9 219 68 15 23 1 RO Te Per oe Tee rer 48 23 158 83 5 18 4 2,400— 2,499... 52 19 138 84 3 25 1 Oh a eee 34 25 86 52 2 16 9 2,200— 2,299 37 43 120 64 7 0 3 BSS rer 27 61 101 73 6 3 2 a 41 OF 55 87 10 2 kh Scena 42 105 57 100 1 2 See MAS veo rciconesoncns 57 106 55 ee 6 1,700-— 1,799........ 47 102 27 57 1 2 1,600— 1,699 15 58 24 | eee D. —ineieat ee Sk See 21 52 13 ee a ee a wales 1 ,400- 1,499.......... 14 62 2 . ekaves 1 PO fe Err ee 12 24 mW Gases 1 re oe x 19 3 ete " ~ & aa aes 7 48 ey eee ; Total. ery Tee Te eT 587 891 4,004 1,385 581 383 628 291 ee rer Se "| $1,876 $3,225 $2,527 $4,064 $3,012 $4,473 $3 , 839 Arithmetic mean............ $2,220 $1,893 $3,423 $2,629 $4,291 $3,127 $4,746 $3 , 82 1 For population ranges, see Table 1, page 61. HERE adequate minimum-salary standards are lacking some com- munities may set salaries so low that the selection of teachers, regard- | less of their qualifications, is limited either to those who are willing to live at very low levels or to those who can depend on relatives for part of their living expenses. A salary law which eliminates competition for appointment below a certain salary level places a premium on superior qualifications and | competence, and thus tends to improve the teaching service —/V/inimum- | Salary Laws for Teachers, NEA Committee on Tenure, 1937. [70] OVER ho als TABLE 10.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID PRINCIPALS IN CITIES UNDER 30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1936-37 Elementary-school principals High-school Junior high-school principals principals Salary groups Teaching Supervising Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Ill IV Vv Ill IV Vv III! Iv! vi III V 1 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 64 000 and ovei ) 5 500— 5,999 | 5. 000— 5,499 10 4+, 800-— 4,999 1 4,000-— 4,799 1 3 { PA 4. 400-— 4,599 l 15 4 200— 4,399 1 | 10 4,000— 4,199 3 1 l 3 } + 200 3,999 9 4 Ss 3,600— 3,799 12 } 8 ;. 400— 3,599 1 15 ) 1 1 | $1 1 3'200- 3.399 20 10 5 45 { 3,100— 3,199 2 6 10 1 17 s 3,000 3,099 1 4 0 } 1 3 1 41 4 10 » 000— 2,999 3 18 g ) < 11 » g00— 2.899 6 Ss 6 3 9 1 6 | x > 700— 2.799 7 7 31 5 1 19 3 As) «0 11 » 600 2,699 6 3 25 ] } 1Y 4 1 »S5 An) 1 » 500— 2,599 27 2 3 41 ) 3 ) 3 ; 3 41 18 » 400— 2,499 21 10 5 59 11 1 1 4 l i » 300 2.399 27 11 ? 50 7 8 0) r { 9 1 1 ?,200-— 2,299 31 15 3 55 7 4 »3 9 6 13 1 ?.100— 2,199 47 27 5 61 13 4 19 9 8 ) ?'000— 2,099 74 31 16 55 14 9 9 5 11 8 1.900— 1,999 93 28 x 64 9 6 14 9 U 5 19 1,800— 1,899 126 4 29 56 16 11 : 19 6 13 { 14 1,700 1,799 142 75 29 39 11 4 ba 13 4 9 ( 1|600— 1.699 170 91 17 50 16 . 4 12 9 i 1.500— 1,599 189 152 60 35 7 ; 13 19 18 10 s 1,.400-— 1,499 221 138 69 16 6 6 13 ) 15 1,300— 1,399 207 146 84 15 12 3 8 14 } 1 1,.200— 1,299 121 149 80 l l l ’ 1 4 l 1.100— 1,199 99 140 04 6 5 l 4 2 14 4 1|000- 1,099 50-1121 91 3 3 10 1 Below 1,000 44 108 203 1 5 10 1 Total 1,714 1,322 828 813 191 104 320 ~=—«-:153 159 472 136 168 Median $1,561 $1,398 $1,233 $2,183 $2,061 $1.950 $2,471 $1,871 $1,508 $3,061 $2,517 $1,986 Arithmetic mean $1,681 $1,448 $1,299 - $2,262 $2,187 $2,087 $2,545 $1,986 $1,586 $3,170 $2,554 $2,033 ‘For population ranges, see Table 1, page 61. HE COMMITTEE is of the firm and deep conviction that in the proper operation of salary schedules lies the possibility of obtaining better and superior teaching in the public schools. To gain this high objec tive however, the schools must have forceful and intelligent leadership. In short, superior teaching is predicated upon superior leadership. The Com mittee, therefore, places great stress upon having strong outstanding prin cipals. Thus, it recommends such salary changes for principals as will attract and hold the highest types of persons, with outstanding educational and teaching leadership.—Pittsburgh Citizens’ Committee on Teachers’ Salaries, 1928. 19 I 9{GB. 39s ‘saxuri uoryt 1 104] ors 7$ L8Z'¢$ ole 7$ L¢6'7$ 17s ‘7$ wes ¢$ Li¢'es$ 966 S$ 98s 7$ Sil t$ 967 tS OS7 '9$ 860° 9$ 16S ‘S$ ural ONawy Wy igh 7$ 686 '7$ Ec 7$ fis’ 7$ 8tP cs 9St eS $.0'¢$ rs F$ 80S 7$ LOL’ e$ O91 F$ sto'ss 900 ' 9$ S78 L$ URIPIW 69 rol Laxe BSZ I¢l orl 9 zy ttl gl vl PrZ 607 16 je] I Ll 000' 1$ *Oj°g l 1 t 1 z I 6611 000° 1 t 8 s z 1 + 66 1 007 I zl 1 91 t L Z z s Z 66S 1 OOF I el ¢ et 8 9 ol I s I 66L'1 -009'T ol 6 I¢ 07 | | t 6 I 1 666° 1 —O08' 1 97 ol OF sl 1Z L Ss 9 s 661°% -000°7 9l rat 97 ¢Z zt ol t z z 66¢ 7 007 7 91 sl £7 $7 I L 8 t zt £ if 668 7 OOF 7 tl tl IZ ize tl ~ s Zz L t 1 if 66L°7 009 7 tl st 6 SP rat t ¥ I t s Zz 666 7 O08 7 et LI 91 07 8 91 8 t 6 + L + 1 66l'¢ —Oo0'F zi 8 8 i L 1 £ 1 9 z b Zz Z 66r'£ —OO07'¢£ S 91 Z 6 S Z Z 1 L 6 ¢ Zz Z 66s’ —OOr'E t ol s 8 t L 7 t 9 ¢ 8 s rd 66L'¢ —O009'¢ ¢ 9 t 8 Z Z 1 9 ri t + 6 666° —OOR'S 1 L 4 L z L 1 v4 z 9 s s b 661°% —000'F a § ¢ | Zz s t ¢ z ¢ s ol s 66f'b —-O07'F o1 t 9 t + | L L r ra 9 zi iI 60s OOF FP o~ t 1 t S z z | ¢ t tl t 66L°t 009'F - 1 1 t 9 c 1 91 L 666'% —OO8'F i l 1 l 9 $ Ss r P x 87 qt L 66h 'S 000° s l t t t 1 I t L It Sz z 6660'S OOS 'S | + s Z z si It 6 66r 9 000°9 l Z t 1 I Zz zi 07 ol 666'9 00s 9 Z if t I 6 tl iI 66F L 000° L > 1 1 I I et ol ol 666°L —O0S'L l Z ra Z tl zl 666°8 —-000°8 I or t > : 666°6 —000°6 I 1 | I st 3 666° 11 -000°O! c z Zz 666 'F1$-000'°Z1 I I s 4aA0 puke OOO' SIS SI tI el zt Il ot 6 8 Z 9 s + £ z I I1dnoig = dnoin udnoiy = dnoig dnoiy =p dnoin Idnoiy J] dnoiy dnoiy = dnoiy dnoiy ydnoiy ry dnoiyn , [ dnoiy uoneonpe dISNU JO SJOSIA spunoi3 pue sio3vuew uoljEINps syUspuszuedns S]004IS jo sdnoid Aivjes yeo1sAyd jo siosta -lJadns 10 ‘810}99I!p SZuIpling jo ssouisng 10 Spiv0qg Ayndap 10 Sjuepuajuiadng -iadns 10 ‘810}90I1p jUBISISSe ‘s10}90I1G sjuspuajutedns JO S811¥}9199S ‘ay BID0SSB ‘ju SISSY JuB}SISSe ‘S10}901IG L€-9€61 NI NOILV1NdOd NI 000°0€ AXHAO SAHILIO NI SHHOIBHO AMOSIANAdMNS AGNV AAILVALSININGY NIVLYAD AIiVd SHIAVIVS AO NOILNAINLSIG— II AIAVL t > ; ‘ x > t ‘ ¢ r 81 6 tl t ~ ¢ ‘ t I t 4 f t t 9I sl bl A AI Ill dnoiy dnoiyg dnoiy uoneonpe jesishyd jo SiosiAsodns 10 *S10}JIBIIP JUB}SISSB ‘S10}991IG * S t is Ss S * Ss Ss " s xs .* t < Ws ¢ +< x $s ~ S$ tt s " s Xt Ss ¢ $s 0 $s s s t > | ¢ It t8 Ti O6< sct t xT 5 OU ist OF } i oH Os tl ) t . 2 Ol 0 ' c? 2 t ; $7 Ot t | Ol s t cl 87 l t 6 7 qt I l | ) | | zl a | t t wl l $i t | t YI] ) t tl t 6 S | l il t Ol | t V1 é St 9 1 l ¢ RS y Os $ l ) | ts A t l y 1 | St tt l l S l a y | ¢ ) l $ ) 16 os | ¢ | 1 é ( S I ri l l I 1 Ot zs Bi 1 r é ts t9 Bt | wl Si ié 666 Si St es 661 ( Si tt 66t ! iT 81 zs 6060S S 6 91 O6L 8 a eZ 66006 ol 67 £9 66> 8 Ol 67 666 1 9 91 Ss el ZI Il ol 6 x Z 7) S + t Zz I A AI Ill A AI Ill A Al Ill tA AI 1 Ill dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy dnoi9g dnoiyy dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy dnoiy IsNull JO SiOstAsodns 10 spunol2 pue s2urpiing UCHEIM ps jo Spiv08g sjooyos jo sdnoiz Areyes *$10}IOIIP JUBISISSE ‘S10}I91IG jO sjuspuajuledng JO $3118}9199S sjuspusjuledng t t t t t t Ss 007 OOF 009 008 000 007 OOF 009° OO8 000 S$-O00S$ 1aA0 PUB OOO ™ wnt te tT SHILIO NI Le-9€61 NI NOILVINdOd NI 0000 AHANN SHHODIHHO ANOSIANAdMNS AGNV HAILVALSININGYV NIVLAASD GIiVd SHIAVIVS HO NOILNAIALSIG—ZI ATAVL FIGURE II MEDIAN SALARIES PAID ELEMENTARY- SCHOOL TEACHERS IN CITIES, 1936-37 2000 POPULATION GROUPS Q $200 400 600 _890_1090_1200 14901600 _ 1800 Cities Over 100,000 Cities 30,000 to 100,000 Cities 10,000 to 30,000 Cities 5,000 to 10,000 Cities 2,500 to 5,000 Research Division, National Education Asso For details consult Table 7 and Table 8. FIGURE III MEDIAN SALARIES PAID JUNIOR HIGH - SCHOOL TEACHERS IN CITIES, 1936-37 POPULATION GROUPS 2 $200 400 600 890 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Cities Over 100,000 Cities 30,000 to 100,000 Cities 10,000 to 30,000 Cities 5,000 to 10,000 Cities 2,500 to 5,000 Research Division, National Education Association For details consult Table 7 and Table 8. [74] FIGURE IV MEDIAN SALARIES PAID HIGH - SCHOOL TEACHERS IN CITIES, 1936-37 POPULATION GROUPS 9 $290 490 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 Cities Over 100,000 Cities 30,000 te 100,000 Cities 10,000 to 30,000 Cities 5,000 to 10,000 Cities 2,500 to 5,000 Research | on, National Education — ———__ For details consult Table 7 and Table 8 FIGURE V MEDIAN SALARIES PAID SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS IN CITIES, 1936-37 POPULATION GROUPS ° $1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Cities Over 100,000 | Cities 30,000 to 100,000 Cities 10,000 to 30,000 Cities 5,000 to 10,000 Cities 2,500 to 5,000 Research Division, Netiona! Education Associati yn For details consult Table 1! and Table !2. [75] tate een A AA nN A ne ts ane natant i I | Liss PRRs 000° 1$ lit ‘Is 6L8$ s6o$ 860 I$ 787 1$ LL49'1$ O8ss 0801s Loe i$ 9g9' I$ t81°7$ uve! IHeUIyIY z7eL$ O78S 000'I$— SIZ I$ SLL$ O86$ 7z0'1$ loz‘ I$ = szs' Is OF8$ Leo'IS FSz7°' I$ F09'IS Blo'l$ *UeIpE b9l zs 876 ole 'T ss0'9 LUl BSI £6t £¢8 LLU'Y wz 78 ctt 10Z L6 [BIOL OL Lol sol 67 LZ SZ IL 97 ¢ 009$ “Oleg rt 76 O87 ee 9g BL LL ZL 67 66L 009 9% ss Sz BSL v7L I wz 81 8 £S7Z LOF 69 IZ 74 tI Poa * "3 666 —008 zl zw 67 697 £Pl'l 91 Le 09 z9l 86F oF $8 88 SZ £ *** "661° -000'T tI RI +8 z91 £L40'1 9 gt 9L P81 0S ay 19 zor 67 L “**"668'T -007'T t tl zt $6 OFS s 6 te $6 196 Li I¢ 19 zw ol """66S'T -O0F'T t t ral tt 6SZ £ + ral ts tit s LI 6t 87 7 “""66L'T -009'1 l 1 6 LZ zt z 9 6 Le tlt t tl tz It i 666'1 -008' 1 ‘ é SI sol I 8 91 Slt Zz tl 91 Il *"661'7 -000°Z 1 t Sl l xia £ Zz oll I s ® ol “"*"668°7 —007'°Z - z " ¢ 1 z 6 1s 1 on 2 ol 8 ‘-66s'z -oor'z l LZ l 1 6 orl ? I 66L°7 —009°7 £1Z ! z LZ I I z 666'°7 —008'7Z st I I Zz 661'¢ —000'¢ IL I £ -" °°" "Ee C “OEE aa z I I 66S —00'¢ bz ; c.f) == I 66L°¢ —009'¢ ce , ‘ wie + §666'¢ -008'S 1g ‘ cone ~ See + “++ "=" 4900 pur 900'F$ oI st tI €I zI II ol 6 s Z ) s + £ z I abe athe alli, enti endsp abe alte eltle ene ends aide ant, at, adi, enn - - -—- sdnoi3 Areyes S20yo ,sjedroutd ui sy1915 seco Alosiasodns pue aanesysiurmpe Ul SxJ215 S}UspuajuLedNsS 0} Sa11B}0199g L€-9€61 NI SHAAO TIANA IVOINATIO AGNV TVIAVLAXORS AIVd SHIAVIVS JO NOILNAIALSIG— El ATAVL TABLE 14.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID OTHER SCHOOL EMPLOYEES IN CITIES OVER 30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1936-37 | , Chief attend- Attendance Head Head ance officers officers nurses Nurses janitors Janitors Salary groups Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Grout 1 II! I II I II I II I II I Il | | l 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 ¢4 000 and over i4 1 39 ) 50 gno— 3,999 1 1 1c 00 3,799 4 - ‘ l 400— 3,599 3 1 1 0— 3,399 6 1 | l 1 4 l ba! ; QOO— 3,199 4 5 4 1 I 6 1 ) > 200 2 909 6 7 282 1 ] 4 l 3 ( » 600— 2,799 6 3 24 9 ) J 13 ’ 134 s00-— 2,599 4 12 58 5 ) 3 1 4 4 y 183 34 00 2,399 9 16 49 10 4 } ) . 4 13 99 Ri) ooo— 2,199 5 10 176 14 5 5 4 4 10 19 SR5 s00- 1,999 $ 21 175 13 15 i ' 39 1,374 468 1.600— 1,799 6 9 97 14 ¢ 15 304 RR ? 19 1 51 ) 490- 1,599 ) 16 136 13 5 13 189 5 1 1 ) 0 09 m0-— 1,399 1 18 $2 ] Ol 04 1 t we Q | N00— 1,199 2 7 52 i1 ? 116 55 3,13 | w $1,000 6 12 1 3 8 19 5 3.160 1 $4 | Total 76 134 1.193 138 36 70 1. 206 494 54 132 16.659 | Median $2.767 $1,905 $2,063 $1,557 $1,943 $1 733 $1,706 $1,573 $2,657 $1,882 $1,297 $I 8 | Arithmetic mean $3,053 $1,961 $2,157 $1,630 $2.039 $1,763 $1,607 $1,613 $2.773 $1,903 $1,408 $1,33 } For population ranges, see Table 1, page 61 TABLE 15.—DISTRIBUTION OF SALARIES PAID OTHER SCHOOL EMPLOYEES IN CITIES UNDER 30,000 IN POPULATION IN 1936-37 Attendance officers Nurses Janitors Salary groups Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group | Ill IV: V Ill IV V Ill IV V l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ) $3,000 and over I l I 900-— 2,999 1 } » 800— 2,899 l 1 | 2,700— 2,799 1 1 1 1 2,600— 2,699 1 l 1 1 1 3 | ’ 500— 2,599 4 3 6 4 | 400— 2,499 5 ) 1 1? | 300-— 2,399 ) . 1 ) 14 } 2.200-— 2,299 4 1 s } 19 . } | » 100-— 2,199 6 1 10 1 0 14 ) 2.000 2.099 5 3 18 10 3 33 0 1,900— 1,999 s 1 4 56 4 14 1,800— 1,899 12 1 35 1 9 14 8 1,700— 1,799 6 3 1 33 . 9 178 1,600- 1,699 12 3 ) 59 { 13 312 114 1,500— 1,599 i8 4 3 } ) 18 471 153 3 1,400— 1,499 13 5 1 61 ) 1 42 146 be 1,300— 1,399 21 9 1 52 0 590 1 1 1,.200— 1,299 16 14 8 49 4 19 795 ) 188 = 1,100- 1,199 10 7 5 29 3 4 364 158 01 1,000— 1,099 15 bel 6 »3 1 2 460 4 35 = 900. 999 23 13 6 i1 { 6 492 314 10 a 800 899 18 11 1 5 4 44 135 128 700 799 18 14 3 4 j 8 219 14; 123 ~ 600 699 12 9 7 6 4 ] 2 3 1 49 4 w $600 BO 130 121 6 6 20 56 504 is Total 312 237 171 48 72 228 5 636 > gS 70 Median $996 $600 $600 $1,493 $1,431 $1,216 $1,231 $1,068 $1,0 a 8 Arithmetic mean $1,124 $600 $600 $1.523 $1,442 $1,247 $1,202 $1,098 $1,074 For population ranges, see Table 1, page 61 Interstate Comparisons Tables 16 and 17 compare the median sal- ‘Table 17 includes, for comparative purpose: ! aries paid by states.’ Table 16 gives figures on the average salary paid all teachers, principals \ teachers’ salaries by states for cities over 30,000 and supervisors as reported by the in population, while Table 16 gives similar States Office of Education for 1933- data for cities under 30,000 in population. — latest year for which these figures are avai! | 4 - 3+. the ~ 1 In certain cases data were insufficient to make it worthwhile to calculate medians for certain sizes of cities and employees. In these cases medians are omitted. The general rules for reporting medians followed in this bulletin a: Special Salary Tabulations are as follows: when as many as ten cities of a given population group in a single state r when 50 percent or more of all cities of a given size in a state report, a median is calculated. Except: when the n é q individual employees reported is less than five, a median is not calculated. When the use of a calculated median nm state median larger than the maximum salary actually received by teachers in the cities within the state, the maxin rather than the computed median is reported. ik TABLE 16.—MEDIAN SALARIES PAID TEACHERS IN CITIES OVER 30,000 IN POPULATION BY STATES IN 1936-37 High-school Part-time 3 Median salaries paid in city school systems to Kindergarten Elemenitary- Teachers of Junior high- States teachers schoolteachers atypical classes school teachers? teachers? school teachers Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Grou, Al I? Ii? I I I II I I I II I i me capital 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 Cal Continental U.S... $2,045 $1,566 $2,027 $1,501 $2,182 $1,708 2,303 $1,747 $2,551 $1,954 $2,886 $2.0 - el Ee ee 1,485 1,026 1,475 1,300 ...... —1,000 1,809 1,418 . Dis Arizona.......... Se - Merrie Re. Skanes - canons pales 1,565 8.925 .. Flot Arkansas......... ma vais Bad ao |. ere ere - 1,179 1,385 00 California........ 2,194 1,908 2,225 1,941 2,366 2,046 2,596 2,285 2,640 2,511 2,750 54 Colorado......... 2,096 1,550 2,238 1,490 - fees 2,524 1,700 2,540 1,882 2,543 Idal Ili Connecticut... ... 1,802 1,675 1,845 1,758 1,891 1,806 2,109 1,790 2,454 2,144 .. indi ee, Oe ee 1,912 A Sere SRM wicieoen 1,991 eee ‘ low: Dist. of Columbia... 2,246 ...... x | irre

, 101 Michiga®......+.. 2,076 1,435 2,161 1,529 2,606 1,657 2,818 1,733 2,813 1,892 2,769 1,78 Nebr p Neva Minnesota........ ie 1,709 Beene 1,992 re | ees New DE: Viteeti Basaea sicense [Sa a= ee a eae 1,041 1,200 “ae New e+ i. 00 eae eee | dasha 1,892 —1,000 1,771 1,025 1,980 1,281 2, 591 rf New OS i ee ae ae. ae ; aa aaa ; ‘ ee Nebraska......... 1,528 1,133 1,523 1,180 1,333 See 1,295 1,800 = i= New North New Hampshire... ...... - eerrr 2 IPP ong eo oe * ee 2,021 . Nortl New Jersey....... 2,335 2,025 1,975 1,984 2,290 2,250 2,082 2,320 2,593 2,429 2,350 2, O5( Ohio New York........ 3,10 ‘ 3,102 1,904 3,524 1,980 3,528 2,099 3,470 2,283 3,713 2, 066 Oklah ci. teens Sieeege dees aearre 6 ae 1,107 . ° Bs cctosasseuse 1,971 2,083 1,853 1,394 2,008 1,595 2,238 1,682 2,294 1,998 2,550 rego Penns Oklahoma........ - eS 1,593 —1,000 i ar 2a 1,894 Rae: weness Rhode — ae PF errr } aa J eae ee et Orr Br et South Pennsylvania... .. 2,075 1,767 2,218 1,818 2,407 1,855 2,746 1,980 3,241 ee Steve South Rhode Island..... 2,013 1,500 1,840 1,628 2,029 1,600 2,298 1,668 2,485 Se agar Kanade” weekee -ad+<0e = eee i aa i ae ae Tenne lexas South Dakota..... ...... OU ewsane Dae 4a dented? Nike | 06k oes ia BM vaca Utah CC toca cokes . ROKR ale Sen nates. weceek aitbune errr SS errr fans Verme | ea 1,192 1,138 1,462 1,220 1,400 1,850 1,612 1,330 1,775 ee Virgin aa Me weenss 1,610 1,139 BP ere 1,450 1,839 5 eer WE wosinesce c6vece 1,340 1,398 1,219 1,438 1,100 1,879 1,342 2,172 1,487 \ ashi West \ Washington....... Bee onssey 1,979 1,615 2,088 1,625 2,043 1,667 2,305 1,923 2,300 Wiscor West Virginia..... ...... es Se ree et eithth steers Sanane 1,228 . = SPR . Wyom Wisconsin. ....... 2,426 1,415 2,440 1,566 2,435 1,617 2,435 1,812 2,646 ee b,Lid — = 1 ] 2] 1 For population ranges, see Table 1, page 61. 2 Includes teachers in pre-vocational schools. 8 Includes teachers in vocational schools. [78] ; 0 IN '-time teachers Group 13 1,020 > ne Os 2, V6l In Tables 16 and 17, the states of New York — V cities in Arkansas supply the lowest medians und Arkansas occupy the extremes of the rangs elementary-school teachers, less than S600 n median salaries. In cities of Group I in New Tennessee also reports $600); junior high York, the median of elementary teachers’ sal school teachers, $654; and high-school teachers ries is $3102; junior high-school teachers, $776. Other comparisons, particularly with $3528; and high-school teachers, $3470. Group — the national medians, will be of interest TABLE 17.—MEDIAN SALARIES PAID TEACHERS IN CITIES UNDER 30,000 IN POPULATION BY STATES IN 1936-37 Average Median salaries paid in city school systems to salaries paid all teachers, Elementary and Junior high- High-school States principals, kindergarten teachers school teachers teachers and supervisors, Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group 1933-34 ! III IV : ‘ III I V III IV Vv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ll yntinental United States $1,227 $1.297 $1,150 $1,008 $1.456 $1,330 $1,183 $1.668 $1.490 $1 3t¢ \labama 625 R76 732 200 7s 905 03) \rizona 1,309 1,230 1,277 1.46 744 1.670 Arkansas 465 084 600 600 R38 670 654 1.019 R50 6 California 1.899 1.664 1,489 1,461 1,868 1,544 1.629 ?.189 > 155 > OR Colorado 1,172 1,353 1.160 1,081 1.458 1.271 1.232 1.614 1.399 1.33 Connecticut 1.607 1,510 1,239 1.567 1,460 1.930 1,400 Delaware 1,484 District of Columbia 2,004 Florida 806 Georgia 640 791 7R6 1.130 Idaho 794 1.328 1,237 1,021 1,384 1,350 1.043 1,655 1.507 1.318 Illinois 1,397 1.125 1,096 952. 1,236 1,192 1,028 1,543 1,503 1,414 Indiana..... S827 1,166 1,061 1,026 1.379 1.244 :. 133 1.573 1.338 1.290 lowa ° 834 1,168 981 936 £320 1,138 1,037 1,530 1,296 1.211 Kansas 858 1,068 986 875 1,319 1,207 1,003 1,450 1,351 1,170 Kentucky 676 981 843 810 1,026 1,270 967 1,284 1.135 1.018 Louisiana... 725 S44 1.166 Maine 803 1,141 769 660 892 1,571 1,050 950 Maryland 1,409 1,173 1,099 1,367 1,356 1,27 Massachusetts 1,730 1,491 1,327 1,293 1,596 1,531 1,588 1,832 1,630 1.500 Michigan... . e 1,162 1,303 1,233 1,152 1,620 1,362 1,269 1,770 1,511 1,401 Minnesota 1,006 1,266 1,125 979 1,453 1,262 1,162 1,588 1,349 1.276 Mississippi 474 936 970 944 9R3 1,082 1.175 Missouri 1.175 1,035 880 821 1,089 993 950 1,399 1.117 1. 166 Montana 957 1,557 1,307 1,326 1,629 1,357 1,367 1,877 1.533 1,439 Nebraska 749 1,109 975 1,290 1,091 1,422 1.263 Nevada 1,ae 1,559 1.650 1.883 New Hampshire 1,182 1,137 1,005 1,023 1,273 1,217 1,083 1,554 1,213 1,314 New Jersey 1,873 1,482 1,448 1,375 1,790 1,705 1,489 1,864 1.855 1.625 New Mexico , . 994 1,222 1,133 1,027 1,261 1,095 1,070 1,517 1,500 1,260 New York 2,361 ers 1,722 1,393 1,940 1,939 1,687 2,082 ? 007 1,76 North Carolina 576 North Dakota 621 1,170 991 1,391 1,047 1,509 toon Ohio 1.420 1,205 1,131 1,090 1,508 1,435 ‘279 1,654 1,623 1.446 Oklahoma 815 1,040 858 916 1.215 949 932 1.438 1.098 1.012 Oregon ‘ 921 Ye) 1,194 996 1,333 1,243 1,233 1,430 1,391 1,284 Pennsylvania 1,531 1,444 1,430 1,024 1,591 1,486 1,282 1,685 1,641 1,361 Rhode Island 1,509 1,335 1,150 1,388 1,317 1,671 South Carolina , 599 South Dakota ee 614 1,080 1,093 1,083 1,329 1,533 1,122 1,445 1,575 1,315 Tennessee . ; Ja 725 814 719 —600 980 750 790 1,183 1,090 R3R . =< aer 849 986 883 840 1,086 1,106 964 1,388 1,216 1,124 Utah 1,094 1,025 961 1,272 1,198 1,325 1,433 Vermont 770 1,204 1,425 1,671 Virginia 779 1.159 906 1,247 1,339 1.087 Washington........... 1,217 1,343 1,231 1,186 1,483 1.329 L222 1,641 1,529 1,44 West Virginia. . . : ; 913 1,009 1,039 1,144 Wisconsin sie . 1,211 1,267 1,084 1,067 1,600 1,256 1,158 1,760 1,432 1,359 .... oan ; 967 1,598 A 1,770 1,900 : Figures in column 2 from U. S. Office of Education, Statistics of State School Systems, 1933-34. * For population ranges, see Table 1, page 61. Intercity Comparisons Tables 18 and 19 compare the median and average (arithmetic mean) salaries paid kinder- garten, elementary-school, junior high-school, and high-school teachers in the various cities over 100,000 population. Sources of Further Information Altho for most purposes the summary tables contained in this bulletin will be sufficient, the Research Division stands ready to supply addi- tional information needed by those conducting intensive salary studies or campaigns. For example, superintendents of schools ary committees, and others desiring det figures by individual cities may need . more of the Special Salary Tabulations. ‘| tabulations give detailed information cannot be included in the Research Bullet general circulation. The Special Salar; 1936-37 school year will Tabulations fo become ava during April and May of 1937. Five ditt tabulations will be published. The key nu T TABLE 18.—MEDIAN AND ARITHMETIC MEAN SALARIES PAID KINDERGARTEN AND ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS BY CITIES OVER 100,000 IN POpy LATION IN 1936-37 “al Elementary- Elementary; Kindergarten school Kindergarten schoo teachers teachers teachers teachers City — - City - Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median Mea: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Birmingham, Ala $1,485 $1,483 Omaha, Nebr $1,528 $1,441 1,523 $1 Long Beach, Calif $1,975 $1,941 2,107 2,055 Camden, N. J 1,615 1,610 1,720 a Los Angeles, Calif 2,202 2,031 2,219 2,118 Elizabeth, N. J 1,975 1,820 1,845 Sal Oakland, Calif 2,345 2,264 2,363 2,330 Jersey City, N. J. 1,350 1,440 1,884 San Diego, Calif 1,945 1,850 1,969 1,964 Newark, N. J. 2,769 2,677 2, 56¢ ~ San Francisco, Calif 2,225 2,121 2,527 2,357 Paterson, N. J 2,100 2,050 1,875 Bri Denver, Colo 2,096 2,154 2,238 2,160 Trenton, N. J 1,683 1,646 1,753 Ha Bridgeport, Conn. 1,442 1,505 1,630 1,610 Albany, N. Y 1,957 1,936 1,989 Ne Hartiord, Conn 1,888 1,752 1,930 1,832 Buffalo, N. Y 2,000 1,954 2,052 New Haven, Conn 1,822 1,739 1,858 1,832 New York, N. Y 3,124 2,918 3,12 n Wilmington, Del 1,500 1,483 1,912 1,688 Rochester, N. Y 2,182 2,181 2,09 Jac Washington, D. C 2,246 2,225 2,234 2.156 Syracuse, N. Y 2,000 2,000 2,000 Mi Jacksonville, Fla 1,038 1,053 Utica, N. Y 2,000 2,000 2.000 Tai Miami, Fla 1.350 1,362 Yonkers, N. Y 2,879 2,803 2,892 Atl Tampa, Fla 1,203 1,169 Akron, Ohio 1,780 = Atlanta, Ga 1,314 1,326 1,398 1,361 Canton, Ohio 1,516 Evi Chicago, Ill 1,913 1,913 1,913 1,864 Cincinnati, Ohio. . 2,129 2,116 2,329 Fo! Peoria, Ill 1,500 1,415 1,500 1,480 Cleveland, Ohio 2,046 1,828 2,138 Evansville, Ind 1,400 1,346 1,739 1,670 Columbus, Ohio 1,735 = , Fort Wayne, Ind 1,550 1,605 1,701 1,577 Dayton, Ohio 1,481 7 : Gary, Ind 1,480 1,525 1,429 1,446 Toledo, Ohio 1,943 1,901 1,922 I Indianapolis, Ind 1,839 1,790 Youngstown, Ohio 4 1,731 Kal South Bend, Ind 1,525 1,382 1,603 1,542 Oklahoma City, Okla 1,364 1,503 1,387 : Des Moines, lowa s=+s- Bonen 1,763 1,732 1,728 Tulsa, Okla 1,550 1,535 1,783 ‘ Kansas City, Kans 1,350 1,350 1,520 1,428 Portland, Ore 1,092 1,296 1,760 1 a Wichita, Kans 1.310 1,358 1,676 1,616 Erie, Pa 1,850 1,758 1,851 1 Bal Louisville, Ky 1,642 1,538 1,431 1,435 Philadelphia, Pa 2,200 s New Orleans, La 1,210 1,200 1,344 1,316 Pittsburgh, Pa 2,236 2,129 2,233 , Baltimore, Md 1,692 1,708 1,615 1,641 Reading, Pa 1,400 1,500 1,929 1 “pes Boston, Mass 1,943 1,920 2,331 2,229 Scranton, Pa 1,640 1,586 1,864 ne Fall River, Mass 1,351 1,346 Providence, R. I 2,013 1,687 1,840 Pee Lowell, Mass 1,500 1,482 1,700 1,700 Knoxville, Tenn 1,023 ms Lynn. Mass ‘ iia « 1,900 1,811 Memphis, Tenn 1,370 cual New Bedford, Mass 1,533 1,456 1,547 1,535 Nashville, Tenn 1, 266 Wor Somerville, Mass 1,600 1,620 1,982 1,824 Dallas, Texas 1,668 be Springfield, Mass 2.079 1,956 2,032 1,895 El Paso, Texas 1,067 1,100 1,106 Flin Worcester, Mass 2,000 1,971 2,053 2,035 Fort Worth, Texas 1,350 1,255 1,405 tal Detroit, Mich. . 2,281 2,138 2,344 2,171 Houston, Texas 1,533 1,469 1,838 et Flint, Mich 1,469 1,470 1,453 1,424 San Antonio, Texas... 1,473 Min Grand Rapids, Mich 1,530 1,433 1,533 1,463 Salt Lake City, Utah 1,367 1,327 1,610 St] Duluth, Minn 1,343 1,386 1,389 1,428 Norfolk, Va. 1,302 7 Minneapolis, Minn 1,963 1,857 2,118 1,998 Richmond, Va 1,800 St. Paul, Minn 1,544 1,532 1,544 1,521 Seattle, Wash. 1,993 1,954 2,093 Kansas City, Mo 1,630 1,599 1,670 1,67 Spokane, Wash.. 1,790 St. Louis, Mo 2,538 2,429 2,514 2,196 Tacoma, Wash 1,800 Milwaukee, Wis. 2,426 2,273 2,440 [ 80 ] f{ each tabulation together with a brief de- scription of it follows: labulation—Salaries paid teachers, principals, and certain other school employees in cities over 100,000 in population. Shows for various groups of school employees, and for each city individually: (a population of city; (b) arithmetic mean salary paid in 1927, 1931, 1935, and 1937; (c) the median salary paid in 1937; (d) the number of employees in each type of position; and (e) a distribution of salaries paid in 1937. Same as tabulation I-A except that it includes cities of 30,000 to 100,000 Bound together in one cover Sa aries paid elementary, junior higl and high-school teachers in cities Ey to 30,000 in population. The tabulations are arranged so that cities of approximately the same population are placed together. Shows for each city (a its population; the number of teachers employed in each of the three groups in 1937; (c) the arithmetic mean salary paid in 1927, 1931, 1935, and 1937; and (d) the median salary paid in 193 TABLE 19.—MEDIAN AND ARITHMETIC MEAN SALARIES PAID JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH-SCHOOL TEACHERS BY CITIES OVER 100,000 IN POPULATION IN 1936-37 Francisco, Calif Conn New Haven, Conn mington, Del.. Jacksonville, Fla Fort Wayne, Ind Indianapolis, Ind South Bend, Ind les Moines, lowa New Orleans, La Fall River, Mass New Bedford, Mass Somerville, Mass Springfield, Mass Worcester, Mass Grand Rapids, Mich Minneapolis, Minn Kansas City, Mo Junior high- Senior high- school teachers! school teachers Median Mean Median Mean 2 3 4 5 Ala $1,811 $1,716 ng Beach, Calif $2,525 $2,441 2,521 2,401 s Angeles, Calif. 2,675 2,569 2,773 2,591 y 2,623 2,485 2,638 », 509 2,405 2,378 3,204 » 919 2,524 2,320 2,540 2, 358 1,906 1,752 1,950 1,874 1,994 1, 966 2,963 ? 881 2,100 2,074 2,462 2,495 1,800 1,666 1,991 1,998 ( 2,444 2,403 2,841 2.785 1,184 1,194 1,293 1,283 1,399 1,401 1,535 1,521 1,225 1,204 1,280 1,261 1,756 1,648 1,798 1,719 2,813 2,649 1,594 1,581 1,968 2,900 2,123 2,026 2,176 2,143 ? 022 2,019 2,332 2,154 1,756 1,682 » 069 1,992 1,827 1,829 1,987 1,982 Kansas City, Kans 1,723 1,655 2,138 ? 020 1,746 1,717 1,759 1,692 1,658 1,661 2,109 2,089 1,843 1. Fan 1,886 1,807 2.347 2,294 », 446 2,434 3,074 3,140 1,652 1,673 1,819 1,749 2,258 ery 2.141 2,123 2,367 2,429 1,908 1,908 2,242 2.183 1,994 1,893 2.138 Rats 2,299 2,238 2,794 2,712 2,519 2,432 2,772 2,841 2,849 2,822 2,857 2,815 1,583 1,587 1,759 1,734 1,832 pe 1,858 1,842 1,712 1,668 1,912 1,741 2,113 2,010 2,306 2,154 2,088 1,969 2,115 2.037 1,980 1,954 2.185 2,190 3,161 3,062 Excludes teachers in pre-vocational schools * Excludes teachers in vocational schools Texas Junior high- Senior high school teachers! school teachers Median Mean Median Mean 7 8 Q 10 $1,800 $1.653 $2,000 $1,898 2,238 ?, 154 ? 027 ?.050 2,400 » 394 3.163 2,465 2,983 » 6 2.192 2.520 3.055 3,064 2,250 >. 113 1,996 1,931 2,572 » 458 2.376 2,384 » 400 2,400 2 459 7 65 3.534 3,389 4.000 4 3,62 2.678 ’ 666 400 2,330 2,400 » 400 2,093 2,086 2,444 2.373 4,479 3,196 3,740 3.378 1,883 1,834 1,958 1,809 2,492 2.319 2.661 » 590 2.386 2.164 2.863 » 651 234 2,118 2,240 » 160 i, fae 1,656 2,88 1,928 ? 074 2,072 2,340 2.24 Oo 2,093 2.136 2,679 2,481 Okl 1,353 1,476 1,892 1,813 1,825 1,824 1,895 1,941 1,930 1,84 ?.125 2,063 2, 282 44 ? 800 2,721 3,246 3.14 ». 732 2,671 3,278 3,331 2.097 2.059 > 335 » 300 2,200 2,020 > 200 031 » 208 1.973 2.545 2.24 1,281 1,305 1.522 1,511 1,423 1,354 1,719 1,65 1.346 1.345 1,700 1,700 i, fae 1.662 2,22 2,119 1.238 1.279 1,405 1,350 1,716 1,570 1,817 1.766 2,169 ) Ol¢ 1,608 1,562 1,659 1, 6€ Utah 1,839 1.681 1,445 1.405 1.683 1.609 ».103 » O19 2.224 ». 141 ? 337 ) 243 2 381 2 2&3 1,956 1,893 2.009 1,959 1,931 1,817 2.005 1,921 2,435 2,330 2,646 2,652 l'abulation—Salaries paid administrative and su- earlier years may also be obtained by I-B _pervisory officers. Shows the salary wishing to study trends in particular cit paid in 1937 to each administrative rR ine : aye The cost of preparing and publishin, and supervisory school ofhcer in cities over 100,000 population. bulletin is paid out of the general funds ot } National Education Association thru the k, search Division budget. For each of th Special Salary Tabulations, however, it is Tabulation—Same as tabulation I-B except that it II-B includes cities from 30,000 to 100,000. Table 20 illustrates the type of information — sary to fix a special charge of $5 to coy carried by these tabulations. Tabulations tor cost of preparation and publication. TABLE 20.—SAMPLE TABLE FROM THE SPECIAL SALARY TABULATIONS SaLaRTES PalD CLEMEWTART-SCHOOL TRACHERS IN 1936-1957 Cities Over 100,000 in Population = aon say fartor ] pees " Poye- arithmetic Meer et tar of i Distribut ton of salaries States ant ottics lation 4 oe Pe Oe tencn~ [FaTow] WO TYR] TAIT] TSO LEN] THO] LOO] LV] LEO LPO] HO] LTO] OO T= TENT EOS LCT ) TIOTENT asao | wer] isan) 1995) tar] U997 | Fe re] §1200| to | to | to | to | to | so} to} ve | to | te | to | to | te | te S ‘0 |"sser | so99) Lavo] 1299] 1399} 1699/1599] 1e99 ame many mene 2599 | .699/ 27 } Tad mi = _ ++ _ ee ee ee ee ee ee eee a TTY 77 Ls Ae A ee SSS See yea ae es ess Tmited States ee «e« | 2976 | $1975 | G2099 | Gz027 | 90,902 | 1641 | 1649) 2007/ 2699/5719) 2498) SzN2) S908 696 | S256 | S808 | 2308/1972 11) $63/1087| Sileeoe| 425) 43 + . + + $-— $---4+-—4---+ + a eee | 1625) 1293) 1408) 1408 620 | one. | 53) 209) 38) Se) 90) 40) L0F ee fecee|eove loses} 259,070/91491 | lezs | 1293) 1483) 14685 53} 119] 38) pet 2} #/} 1 seehecsolo California eee er moss nel 22> «| eee ” | Leng peaor 42,082) 197) 2188 1999 wo au Lee ararier 1,297,680) 1919 208 <007' aw aw Oakland’ 204,063 33¢ z ahd 2330 se San Diego 7,998) WL) 175 wu 1908 aves San Prancises ose, 900) azez| esne| atez| 2307| ase7 Se lerede cone | 2260) 1906] meo oer .eei| ous | 2200 | 965 | 2160 / 2238 : Connecti owt cose | cece | IMO] D766) Leas 1 Bridgepe rt 146,716) 1988 | wez0| .... | 1620 | 1680 2 Martfore 164,072)... | seve | 2688] ese] 1990 ow Raven 192,000) 1008) ....| 1823 | 1832/18 re leware | eevee | 2780) 1001) eSB) 1918 71 Latngton 106,997 reo | 1601 | lees | 192 Piet. of Columia wee 2103 196) ze uM 406,609 2103 | 1981 | 2ise| 2234 Plorite | 1% | -1000 193 4200 Jaokwerviile 129,549) «06 ) 270") 10x08] 1088) Lose Dade County in- | chat ing siamt®/ 120,697] sees | 2004] ..0e | ane) seo! Ml isverougt County } ineluding Tape wn,ist| sora | 1240 |-2000 | raes | 1208 Ooorgia cece ise | i298 867 | eons Atlante 270,300 sen | 1398 547 | woes | Thbimete ecoe a} we | 7,888) 4 | Chieage 3,976,438 sees | wast | 7,954) .... peorts 104,969 1soot Bet ‘ Tet tae wero | avis | a,see| az Svaneville 102,289 1ero | 799 ae} 7 Port Gane Laas i” ive. 30 7) Oery 10,406 14a BAA | nnee Ind tanmpoit > 306,262 aro | asse | 1,104). 4}. South Sent ws,195/ seer | 700 | nese | isee | 1908 26 4) ">] as] as} 32 low case | M003 | 18ee | I720 | i732 ws ‘ eves] 9} wl 2 Dee Moines 142,509) 1779 | wees | i545 | a7ze | i782 wo cosefecee| 9] 04] 2 tances | «eee ive My 1 198d el. nt aa “ ™ ae anmer City i2a,eer| asoe | see | ieee | tage | 1520 ave 30} wm] 25} 1] 10 Pion ite 121,120] 1980 | seer | 1999 | Lore | i6r6 we |. 4] 2] we) a} 2 eves | 1608) Mees) 1486) 1451 Loe om; sf) 6; 77) of Lestavtile sor,ra6| i423 | 1808 | 1200 | 14968 | 1432 sez se} se] 63] 77) 56 eats ia: | «eee oes isle ise ime on 2 72} 103] ase) 156 few Orleans 48,702] ses | 1963 | isle | isle | Asee om v2] 72/ 103) 266] ise eylant cece a leze ie 14s 1,7 a y 7) 365 ” Bal tioore ooe,e7e| see wsar*) saze | issn! 1815 1,788} .. = | 1} 127] 305) 99 | i L I | Supplement—Certain Data on Rural Teachers’ Salaries [he expense of conducting comparable in detail to that a the ¢ indertaking impossible at present. As figures on rural salaries. The data of Table TABLE 21.—SALARIES PAID ] l TIVE! ties In the preceding sections, makes such an iry substitute, this supplement presents cer ra were supplied by state departments of educ: salaries lables 16, 17 Ri Seare h Bull TEACHERS IN state basis may by comparing LS, and 19, fin Tor March 1935, be 33 STATES ited by the various columns in the table Consult p tion and are comparable only to the extent ind ] Some further general comparisons on a sta made between urban Table 1 with " uso ) ONS State Year l 2 - O32 1O%5—A¢ Definition of rural Township Open ce unt distr 3 Grovos of teachers 4 Type of measure 5 Me Me Me Annual Salary 6 531.00 5 00 S23. Of 444 OO 621. Of } (x 4 om 4290 OO 5 Oo 410 Of 694 00 43 00 moo tH 460. 00 109 OO 1 iM) 344 00 on) 178 OO 18 00 445 00 SO 00 140 OO 20 00 190.00 6 OO o5 19 46 O03 OO 4 Ous ; 912 69 516.00 O44 OO 452 00 654.00 628 00 0.00 60 OO 832.00 711.00 003 .00 877.00 011.00 305.00 TABLE Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan. . Minnesota. Mississippi Missouri. . Nebraska...... Nevada..... New Hampshire... . New Jersey. New Mexico...... New York..... North Dakota. ... Ohio Pennsylvania South Dakota...... Year 2 1935-36 1936-37 1936 1934-35 1935-36 1936-37 1935-36 1936-37 1936-37 1935-36 1935-36 1935-36 1934-35 1935-36 1936 1935-36 1935-36 Definition of rural (*) a According to census(*) All schools under county superintendents() Towns under 5,000 population non-high schools According to census(*) Open country—one- and two- teacher schools According to census(*) Not reported Open country—non-high-school districts One- or two-teacher schools One-room schools Not reported All unincorporated villages Towns under 4,500 population Not reported Districts under 3,000 population Towns under 5,000 population All unincorporated towns Groups of teachers Type of 4 5 Elementary White Median Negro , High schools White Negro Elementary-White One-teacher schools Mean Two-teacher schools Three or more teacher schools All elementary Elementary—Negro High schools White Negro Elementary (¢) Men Mean Women * Junior high school(¢) All teachers Men Women Mean All teachers Men Median Women + All All teachers White Mean Negro 7 Rural Men white Women “ Men negro Women ‘ Mean Elementary (town districts) Men white Women “ Men negro Women “ High school Men white Women “ Men negro Women “ One- and two-teacher All teachers All teachers schools Median Mean Range of medians One-room rural schools en Mean Women s Two-room rural schools All teachers en Women Mean All teachers One-room rural Mean Graded and consolidated in open country Graded and consolidated All teachers Elementary in towns Mean Median Junior high schools All other high schools All teachers Elementary M en Mean Women ay measure es 21—SALARIES PAID RURAL TEACHERS IN 33 STATES—(Continueg) Annua Salz QORX 170 8 248 646 ( 496 456 379 348 706 750 849 , 153 997 106 093 ii9 ,309 611 800 046 00 0 oO 00 00 OO 00 00 7.00 7.00 00 OU 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 886 00 , 260.0 ,215.0 932 00 ~u [ 84 ] mate! ‘ atel ' appre 00 a 00 OO 00 00 OO OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OU 00 OO OO 00 00 TABLE 21.—SALARIES PAID RURAL TEACHERS IN 33 STATES—(Concluded) —_— : Type of Annual State Year Definition of rural(* Groups of teachers measure salary 1 : 3 4 5 6 Tennessee 1935-36 County school system Elementary Men white Mean 571.04(« Women §71.20(! Men negr 408.73 Women 333.41 High school Men white 1,014.00(* Women 824. 88(! Men negr 627.52 Women 495.04 xas 1935-36 According to census(* All schools Men white Mean 893.00 Women " 743.00 Men negro 55 569.00 Women ‘* = 435.00 1936-37 One- and two-teacher schools Rural teachers Mean 645 .00 Elementary teacher ‘ 946.49 High-school teachers 1,286.62 All teachers 918 91 Virginia 1935-36 County school systems Elementary White Mean 592.00 Negro 378.00 Both races os 535.00 High school hite 818.00 Negro §23.00 Both races 788.00 All teachers White 649 00 Negro 391.00 Both race 588.00 Vashington 1936-37 One-room schools Elementary Men Mean 790.06 Women 774.92 West Virginia 1936-37 Towns under 5,000 population All teachers Mean 1,027.00 Wisconsin 1935-36 One-teacher schools All teachers Median 671.77 Wyoming 1935-36 One- and two-teacher schools All teachers Mean 630.91 (*) The United States census classifies as rural communities with a population of less than 2,500. The term “rural n this table is not in every instance defined in strict accordance with the census classification (>) Altho there are cities in some of the counties, the salary schedule prevails thruout each county for all schools in cities or rural territory. (¢) Includes principals and supervisors. (a) Mean salary recorded $55.43 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school term nately 8.2 months in 1935-36 (*) Mean salary recorded $69.46 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school term mately 8.8 months in 1935-36 (f) Mean salary recorded $89.41 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of school term mately 8.95 months in 1935-36. (8) Mean salary recorded $71.38 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of scho approximately 8 months in 1935-36. (") Mean salary recorded $71.40 per month. See footnote (*) for method of deriving annual salary 2 as used whether (') Mean salary recorded $58.39 per month. Annual salary derived by multiplying the average length of schoo ipproximately 7 months in 1935-36. (1) Mean salary recorded $47.63 per month. See footnote (') for method of deriving annual salary (*) Mean salary recorded $126.75 per month. See footnote (*) for method of deriving annual salary (') Mean salary recorded $103.11 per month. See footnote (®) for method of deriving annual salary (™) Mean salary recorded $78.44 per month. See footnote (*) for method of deriving annual salary (") Mean salary recorded $61.88 per month. See footnote (*) for method of deriving annual salary (°) Includes non-towns 2,956 to 6,226 in population. A To illustrate the method by which the study was made, part of one of the forms used in collecting figures is shown below. On request, the Research Division will send a complete set of forms used. The form reproduced below was sent to cities over 30,000 in population. This questionnaire also called for similar informa- tion on principals and all other school em- ployees. Teaching principals were defined as those doing so:ne regular classroom teaching, while supervising principals were those giving full time to administration and supervision. Vice- principals, assistant principals, and deans were Forms and Definitions Used in Collecting Data to be reported under these classifications only if the persons concerned devoted half time or more to administrative or supervisory duties. The form sent to cities under 30,000 in popu- lation is similar to the one reproduced below except that the classification for elementary teachers was expanded to include kindergarten teachers, teachers of atypical classes, and teach- ers rated as assistant or vice-principals in ele- mentary schools. Similarly, the classifications of junior high-school teachers and high-school teachers were expanded to include teachers rated as heads of departments, and assistant principals or vice-principals in these schools. FIGURE VI.—_SAMPLE SECTION FROM QUESTIONNAIRE FORM SPECIAL DIRECTIONS: On pages 2, 3 and 4 report the salaries you expect to pay for the school year 1936-37. Deduct all direct or indirect losses arising from salary reductions, teaching part of the year without pay, voluntary return of a portion of salaries to the school board, and other similar losses. DO NOT include school employees paid out of Federal or State WORK-RELIEF FUNDS. DIRECTIONS: In answering this yy give figures ONLY for individuals employed for FULL TIME. Read notes (a) to (k) at foot of this page BEFORE filling out this section. Give the number of teachers whose salaries fall in each of the salery groups indicated below Creme mumeeinry grows maieted below in each of the groups indica CLASSROOM TEACHERS OTHER SCHOOL EMPLOYEES Elementary High Schoo! | y ty pA hd Kindergar- |6 dod where grades ‘—_ Teachers | Clerks in ten teach- Teachers | and &, or 7,| junior high in School | offices of ers. See junlor high of 8 and 9, school is | High school| part-time School Attendance Schoo! clerks in | administra- mote (a) | schoolsare| atypical [when main-| maintained, or continua nurses. officers. tors. | principals’ | tive and below sot main- classes. | tained asa | otherwise tion schools.| See note See note note offices. supervisory tained See note | sepafate grins See note | (g) bélew | (h) below | (i) below note | officers. Poy (c) below | school or- | Ii Ga (f) below (j) below see See note See note | See note (bd) below (d) below | (¢) below ’ 2 ; 4 5 6 ? s ¥ 10 | “u a2 “3 e. -— |_——— aoe en teachers in full charge of a kindergarten room. Also include kindergarten teachers jon to = rten class. teachers, include elementary hi ated as or vice-princi- concaings also include teachers of wosuiioaal and pode = aes in regular elemen- ad = In column ¢ include teachers of ungraded rooms, sub-normal groups, open-air classes, cardiac classes, and other special or atypical to regular junior high school teachers, include those rated as heads of Cee: assistant or vice- inci yon yt ~- yy | time to cl. ; and of 1 and special jects in regular junior high ry addition t regular ~ school teachers, include those ante as assistant or vice-principals, etc., who devote more A se a. ; also i —— and special subjects in | high schools. ~~ _— who bom y part time only. princ’ not include head nurse in column 9 (See li on goes @) Do not include chief a 1 (See line 7 on page 4) i In column 11 iy A - -time janitors employed individually on the annual or school year basis. Do not include tor on this line 9 on in column iB eescae 9 on page full ‘ime clerks to ‘ipals’ offices for clerical duty. ‘n column 13 include y regular, full-time sts, c etc., in these offices. Do not include secre- tary to the superintendent or secretary of Board ard of Education on this page (See lines 2 on page 4). [ 86 ] N. E. A. PUBLICATIONS ON THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF TEACHERS ® Salaries of School Employees, 1934-35 A report of the median salaries paid in city school systems during the school year 1934-35. March 1935. 32 p. 25¢. (Similar reports available for 1928-29, 1930-31, and 1932-33.) / . e,° ® The Teacher’s Economic Position A report, by the Committee on the Economic Status of the Teacher, of the finan cial resources and current expenditures of teachers in certain school systems. September 1935. 104 p. 50¢. ® The Preparation of Teachers’ Salary Schedules: Part |: Administrative and Fact-Finding Procedures A discussion of administrative and statistical procedures in the preparation of teachers’ salary schedules in city school systems, based upon opinions of 222 cits superintendents and an analysis of 22 local salary studies. January 1936. 48 p. 25¢ ® The Preparation of Teachers’ Salary Schedules: Part Il: Drafting the Schedule Calls attention to questions which arise in making decisions on detailed provisions of salary schedules and presents a list of items for consideration at successive stages of schedule-making process. March 1936. 48 p. 25¢. ® Minimum-Salary Laws for Teachers A presentation of the varying types of minimum-salary laws for teachers found in twenty states and something of their operation. A report of the Committee on Tenure, January 1937. 38 p. 25¢. Single copies of these publications at prices quoted above. In quantity orders, accompanied by funds, the following discounts are allowed: 2 to 9 copies, 10 percent; 10 to 99 copies, 25 percent; 100 or more copies, 33'/3 percent. Orders not accompanied by remittance are subject to transportation charges. Make checks payable to National Education Association, 1201 Sixteenth St., N. W., Washington, D. C. N OUR OWN COUNTRY, where many paths, Li brilliant with the trophies of opulence and renown, allure the youth of the land, there is no other way to secure a fair proportion of the genius and erudition of the community for the depart- ment of teaching, than to requite its services with a fair share of all the honors and emoluments which society has to confer. And never, until this is done, shall we see the teacher in possession of his rights, and education fully invested with its high prerogatives.—Horace Mann, Common School Journal, 1884. —— oar Poe ee ne Aa emi