INDEX TO Adams, Logan S., study cited, 23, 25, 26. | Adult education, as factor in crime prevention, 183; references, 200 : , as factor associated with crime, 161 Alabama, object of school survey quoted, 82; total for public schools, 206. Alcohol, as factor associated with crime, 156 Mien, Ira M., study i 18 ack, +» quoted, 7. oy Association of University Women, interest in education, 183. American Education Week, suggestions for observing, cited, 51 American Medical Association, health program, 177 Anderson, Earl W., study cited, 19. Ann Arbor, Michigan, plan for sabbatical leave, cited, 63, 64 Arizona, achievement testing program in school survey, cited, 97; appraisal of school plants by survey staff, 85. , Arkansas, achievement testing program in survey : cited, 97 Attendance, School, as measure of state school efficiency, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116, 126; check list for laws relating to, 89; data on, f¢ ind territories. discussion of as factor in measuring school efficiency, 116; effect of increase on school costs, 223; effect of school environment upon, 123; presentation of data on, 114, 115; ranking of the states on, 115; relationship between ruralness and, 126; sectional differences on, 126, 127; data on, 114. Automobiles, passenger, expenditures for, 220. Ayres’ Index, as basis of other indexes, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108; compared with homicide rates, 161; description of, 104; etect on state school leadership, 104; use and limitations 104, 105. Ayres, Leonard P., indexes of state scribed, 104, 105; quoted, 104 Bachm-n, Frank P., quoted, 11 Bagley, W. C., study cited, 163 Baltimore, causes of absence leave-of-absence policy, 53. Barnes, Harry Elmer, quoted, 161. Bates, Sanford, expression of appreciation to, 138 Behavior Problems, See Maladjustment; Delinquency Delinquent Children. Bell, Marjorie, expression of appreciation to, 138 Bellingham, Washington, plan for disability insurance, 58 Bibliographies, crime costs and school expenditures, 188; employment of married women as teachers, 28: extended leaves of absence for professional improvement, 69, 70: extensive state testing programs, 100, 101, 102, 103; factors associated with crime, 188; factors determining the teacher's place on the regular schedule, 67; miscellaneous problems in the selection of teachers, 29; problem of the delinquent child, 191; salary scheduling as a principle, 67; sick leave and related problems, 68, 69; social agencies of crime pre- vention, 196; special bonuses, 68; state school surveys, 94, 95, 96; statistical measures of school efficiency, 110, 111, 112; statistics on crime, 187; super-maximum salaries, 67, 68; teacher rating, 70; teachers’ contracts and term of em- ployment, 66; teachers’ salaries and salary scheduling, 67, 68; training requirements for newly appointed teachers, 28. Biennial Survey of Education, 1928-30, source of data, cited, 114, 122. Bigelow, William F., quoted, 212. Binet, Alfred, referred to, 129. ir, F. G., article cited, 104. Board of Education, State, check list for, 92. | Boston, list of conditions under which leaves of absence may be granted teachers with full or part pay, 53 Boston Trade Union College, work in education of laborers, 183 Boy Scouts, a study of interests, 169. Brearley H. C., study cited, 155, 156, 161, 163. iggs, Thomas H., study cited, 42. Brooks, E. C., article cited, 104. Brookwood, residential labor college, 183. Brown, E. E., ranking of Oklahoma on certain educational factors, 108. Brubacher, John S., study cited, 18. Bucki , B. R., quoted, 5, 6, 7. Building Construction, compared with school costs, 220. au of Curriculum Research, Teachers College, Columbia University, rating scale for courses of study, cited, 86. » Cyril, study cited, 169. Butterworth, Julian E., plan for rating the small school plant, cited, 86; use of rating scale in New York, Texas, Utah, West Virginia surveys, 86. California Commission for the Study of Educational Problems, report quoted, 83. ifornia, interviews and conferences reported Staff, apoted, oe post-card survey, 83; university of, medical school report, 167. Cardinal Principles of Education, 184. Carrothers, George E., study cited, 18, 54, 55, 57, 60. vis, L er V., study quoted, 121. Certification of Teachers, by examination, 5: 90; state requirements for, 5, 11 expenditure adult yr states 11 il sources compared with school 220; t costs, school efficiency, among school by tenure laws, survey 37; check list for, [ iii VOLUME X Champlin, Carroll D., ’ Character Education, as factor it bibliography, 200 seventh yearbook tenth yearbook, 184 Child Labor, bibliogr 89 Child Study Association of America, reference Children’s Charter, lis children's rights, 176, 1 Chronological Age, of criminals, 161 Cicero, Illinois, allot m: for sick leave, 55 Cincinnati Labor College, work for adult education, 183 Clinics, Behavior, bibliography, 195; work described, 1 Combs, rginia counties rtair crime Department ee De 184 partment 192: check list M. L., ranking \ tional factors, 108 Committee on Tenure, teacher tenure, 37 Community Relations, bibliography, 200 Connecticut, ratio school costs to tax co Connecticut State Board of Education, rei division of 1 surveys, 105 Contracts, Teachers, See Teacher Tenure Cost of living, data on, | ished by National Ir erence Board, 50 , published by 1 ted St Rureau of Labor St t data, 49, 50 Costs and expenditures, iles, 220; building constr n, 220; crime and s 146, 147; effect of depre« n of doilar n 3: effect of veme educational 225; nger nd increased attendam on school, for summary statemet protection 148, 149; governmental, 2 ife insurance 220; recent trends it 223; school and other gove mental, 214: school y states, 215, 216, 21 pared with other exper *s, 219 Courtis, S. A., plan for rati teaching efficiency, ci Crabtree, J. W., foreword, 2, 34, 78, 136, 204 Crime, age of criminals, 137; bibliography on cost, 188; bib graphy on factors associated with, 188; bibliography cial agencies of prevention, 5 196; bibliography on stat 187; classification 139; comparisons with school <¢ 152; correctional treatment, 149; administra criminal justice, 145; « compared with school exper 145; cost of criminal work of state police, 147; cost ederal penal treatment, 146; federal prosecutior 146; cost of state penal and corrective treatment, 147 141; definitions 139; extent estimated by prison populations, 141, 142; factors associated with, 155 ederal costs, 145; incre of, 137; indirect losses to the cor munity due to the existence of, 151; insured losses, 150 violations as measure of, 140; municipal costs, 147; organiz tions interested in prevention of, 186; percent in cities, 140 police record 140; private expenditures for protectior igainst, 148, 149; private losses due to criminal acts, private protective 148; protective devices, relation education, 138; significance of educators, 154: significance to educators of statistics on 143; significance to education of factors associated , 164; agencies for prevention, 175; state costs, 147 Statistics of arrests, 140; summary statement of c« 152 tabulations of adult, 140; total cost of federal justice, 146; typical beliefs, 137. Crime prevention, extension ol public health and recreational activities, 176; improving agencies of justice, 178; promotior of economic welfare, 175; religion, 180: 175, 196. Criminals, age discussed, 137; classification of, 139; commitments to prison, 139; intelligence of, 162 State reports of court st ce research ar ita on , 123; sources nob 145, 22 impr effect of k 24 iga 19 4 | servict 0 223, scho ted, &5 ist cost of tures, cost of Statistics, ol, ase 149 costs agencies, to 137, wit! social st crimin social agencies, of 161 ned, 162 chronological age, 141; def mental and emotional defects tistics, 141, Davis, Calvin O., study cited, 25. Defectives, bibliography, 190; problem of, 177 Delaware, achievement testing programs, 98, school survey quoted, 82 Delinquency, bibliography, 188; extent of juvenite, juvenile, defined, 139, 140; motion pictures as factor in, 169 race as a factor in, 165, 190; statistics on juvenile, 142: truancy as factor in, 169; unemployment as factor in, 168 Delinquent Child, report of White House Conference, 167, 177 Delinquent Children, age of, 166; bibliography, 191; defective: 177; educational tacilities for, 171; general characteristics 165; home environment, 167; intelligence of, 166; mental defects of, 167; nativity, 166; physical status, 167; problem f, 165; problem of, meaning to education, 174: ratio 166; report of White House Conferences 99 165 boys to girls, 165; total number each year in United States, 165: of, 161; work of juvenile courts, 182. Denver, Colorado, data on illness among teachers, 54 Depression, effects on education, 205. Detroit, Michigan, plan for disability insurance, 58 Dillard, J. H., quoted, 6. District of Columbia, court decisions on married tea question, 18; regulations governing leaves of absence married women teachers, 21; tenure laws, 37 tru Doll, Edgar A., quoted, 178. Dollar, seociolion of, effect on school costs, 223. Dozier, Miriam, study cited, 26. Economic Welfare, as factor in crime prevention, 175; bib- liography, 197; principles underlying, 175. Educational Service, improvements, effect on cost, 225. Efficiency, as measured by teacher-rating devices, 64, 65, 66, 83, 84, 85; bibliography on rating teachers’, 70; bibliography on state surveys as measures of state school, , 95, 96; bibliography on state testing programs as Leotaen of, 100, 101, 102, 103; bibliography on statistical measures of, 110, 111, 112; Courtis plan for coal of teaching, cited, 85; criteria of administrative, 88; effect of environmental factors upon teachers’, 61; effect of period and frequency of salary payments on teache rs’, 48; effect of term of employ- ment on teachers’, 36; effect’ of turnover on teachers’ » 33; estimates of school, based on single factor, 109; factors measuring state school not weighted, 113; factors used in present study for measuring state school, 113; geographical differences in school, 126; indexes of city and county, 105; indexes of state school, 164, 105; interviews and conferences as means of obtaining information on school, 83; measures of state, used in present study, 113 to 131; measures of teach- ing, by survey staffs, Indiana, 83; New ‘York, Texas, Utah, 84; Virginia, West Virginia, 85; mechanical and social defined and compared, 79; of married women teachers, 17, 18; estimating state school. in the future, 128, ; of school lants in Arizona, Florida, Missouri, New York, Texas, Jtah, Virginia, and West Virginia, 85, 86; of teachers, estimated by random observation, 83; upil progress, as measure of school, 86; questionnaires ting to problem of school, 82; rating as salary factor, 40, 41; rating scales as measures of, ‘83; standing of the states on five factors related to school, 126; school, ect of sabbatical leave, 62; school, in relation to’ crime prevention, 184; self-survey plan for estimating state school, 88; state school, as measured by achievement tests, 97, 103; state school, how measured, 79; statistical comparisons as means of measuring state school, 83; statistical measures of school, 104 to 129; statistical records concerning school, sy validity of factors selected as Pg of state school, 113 isbree, Willard S., study cited, 49. Equipment, School, check list for, 92. plan for disability insuraace, 58. Brenden BE. S., quoted, 10. Ewing, Stephen, quoted, 16. Finance, Public School, amount spent for public schools, 1930, 206; discussion, 205; national income and governmental costs, 211, 212; national wealth, 209, 210; recent trends in school costs, 223, 224; school costs and certain other ex- penditures, 219, 220, 221, 222; school and other govern- mental costs, 214, 215, 216, 217; yearly income of states, 1930, 206-08. F id, Gustave A., quoted, 117, 118. . ‘achievement testing program in school survey, 97; interviews and conferences reported as survey procedure, 83; object of school survey a 82; state testing pro- grams, 99; survey investigation of age-grade status, 86; a of rating cards for measuring efficiency of school plant, , 86. France, per capita wealth, 212; percent of income spent for . 11. tasier, G. W., study of a sates efficiency, 105. jionment, 92. ition, estimate of construction, 220. Gorin, m, 2. E., study cited, 88. tz, W. H., study quoted, 121. Gehike. tnd Moley, quoted, 161, 162. Comments eo capita wealth, 212; percent of income spent for taxes, Girl Scouts, a study of interests, 169. Glueck and Glueck, quoted, 4 161, 163, 166; study cited, 168. » Floyd, study cited, Comes Britain, per capita ~F- 4 compared with that of United tates, , L. R., study of efficiency of Illinois county school systems, 108. Handbook of Peneiee JOrganizations, reference to, 186. Handbook of Social Resources, cited, 186. Harve C. A. measure of city school efficiency, 105. Health, bibliograp! 197; environmental — contributing to teachers’, 61; illness among teachers, S4, 5 7, 60; of married and single women teachers compared, 55; research studies on teachers’, 51, 53, 54, 55, 57; study of physical efficiency of teachers, 18. report of absence and sick leave of Hillebos, Gay L La study er 170. power of criterion of school efficiency 113, 116, 117, 118, ag) gnanene influencing, 116, 117, 118, 119; index of, 109, 119; not closely related to proportion of urban or rural population, 126; colons of educators on, 116, 117, 118; ranking of the states on, 119; secti ences in, 126, 128. Home, influence of, 181. Idaho Industrial School, superintendent quoted, 169 Illiteracy, as a factor associated with crime, 155 Literacy. Immigration, as a factor associated with crime, 157 Income, in Alabama, 206; national, compared wit mental costs, 211; national and public school costs Per capita, compared with other countries, 212: spent for taxes in United States, compares with : tries, 211; ratio of, to state and local taxes, 212 Indexes, Statistical, academic and financial, 108; bi! including references to, 210, 111, 112; difficulties it formulating, 109; factors used in formulating, formulated by various investigators, 104-09: m, formulating, 104, 105, 108, 109; of city and cour efficiency, 105; of holding power, 109, 119; of st efficiency, 104, 105. Indiana, achievement testing in school survey, 97: ( for sick-leave fund, 55; object of school surveys q 82; survey report quoted, on methods of rating efficiency, 83; tenure laws, 37. Insurance, disability insurance plans in certain « group health insurance protection against long p absence of teachers from school, 58; health, 59: pared with school costs, 219; mutual benefit plan in | Arizona, 59; mutual benefit plans as means of sup; ing sick-leave allowances, 59. Intelligence, of criminals, 162; bibliography, 190. International Association of Chiefs of Police, reports o! 140. International Ladies Garment Workers’ Union, work education, 183. Towa, self-survey plan applied to school system, 89-9 Italy, fy capita wealth, 212; percent of income taxes, 211 ewish Board of Guardians in New York, records cit ustice, Agencies of, bibliography, 195; educational pr of prisons and reformatories, 179; ethics of legal pr 179; improvement of court procedures, 178; improving law "enforcement, 179; probation and parole, 179. Juvenile courts, work with delinquent children, 182 Kansas, object of school survey quoted, 81. Ken My ge testing program in school su Koch, Harlan C study cited, 42. Koos, Leonard V., study quoted, 116, 118. Lawes, Lewis E., article cited, 184; expression of app: to, 138; quoted, 139, 158, 183. ves of absence. Sce Sick ere: Sabbatical leav« Lee, ey = A., study cited, ” ude cited, 168; expression ciation = 138. Lewis, E. E., quoted, 5; study cited, 14, 17, 42. as factor in measuring school efficiency, || 125, {31: of white and colored races, 125; ranking states on, 125; sectional differences in, 128, 131; s presented limited to native-born, 125. residents as teachers, arguments for and aga — in city school systems with respect to emp of, 22. California, regulations poruning leaves absence of married women teachers, 21. Los a ig California, classification a teachers on | basis, 6 compared with school costs, 220, 22! a Lynd io ote study cited, 176. ptr wr Mo W. C., study cited, 17. justment, among school children, 170; num B., study cited, 165, ‘orace, ne , 154, 185; reference to, 205 wie children, 170; types of behavior problem s arguments for and against, ! ee aa of cana toward, 16; bibliography, 28; decisions on employment of, 18; data concerning a)se' ct 18; decision of Maryland State Board of Educatio: effect of tradition on employment of, 16; efficiency 17, 18; leaves of absence for, 20; legal aspects of the m teacher question, 18; opinions of educators concern! 15-17; physical efficiency, 18; practices in city school sys‘ems affecting employment and ‘dismissal, 19; regulations con- cerning leaves of absence in Minneapolis, Minnesota, 0% Beach, California, and District of Columbia, 2! and economic loss involved in discrimination again of practice relative to employment and dismiss: 2 decision of State Board of Education on dismiss« agen Sana 19; illustrations of state is Ww > = survey plan sovlie to school system 1, 92, oo ccuiee tane, of a" Sinainsin. advantages estes of, 109, 113; based on a single factor, 10« ay on, 110, ‘111, 112; by certain investi 105-12; choice of depends on, 113; difficul: liv] mar }: sh ri I em Men as te arg! ient idir nent ipon, 4 Mental hy Merit sys’ Millikan, Minneapo chers rried Mississip] ws gC rvey, Missouri, Moehlma Montefior Motion pi 193. Murchiso! Myers, Al Myers, Cl National | Report 152, 15. National | National ' National educati National 50, 123 National National } Nebraska Negro Ch Nevada, | New Jer 85; Sta New Yor 98; Dir mittee federal school on esti Newspap Nietz, North 97; illu North Ds Oakland, Occupati Ohio, lav Oklahom Omaha, payme Palmer, | Parent-T womer Parental Parsons, Pennsyls survey Philadel, 166 Philadel; Phillips, Phillips’ Phoenix, Physical Plants, | in Ari Virgin measu school. ed in developing, 109; indexes used as, 104-12; of city county, 105-9; of state, city and county school efficiency, nmarized, 106, 107; of state school efficiency, discussion, ‘04: should be cautiously interpreted, 109; weighting of ms, 94, 104, 109, 113. See also Statistical indexes and ficiency. wm as teachers, absence as compared with women teachers, 55: arguments for and against higher salaries for, 42; de- jents of, study cited, 42; number and percent of cities providing salary differentiation in favor of, 43; percent in elementary and secondary schools, 42; relative demands upon, 42. Mental hygiene, as factor in crime prevention, 177. Merit systems. See Teacher rating. Millikan, Robert A., quoted, 222. Minneapolis, Minnesota, plan for payment of substitute teachers, 53; regulations governing leaves of absence of married women teachers, 21. Mississippi, achievement testing program in school survey, 97; laws governing teachers’ contracts, 36; object of school survey, quoted, 81. : a Missouri, interstate comparisons from survey, 84; Survey Report, use of rating scales for courses of study and school buildings referred to, 86. Mitchell, Alice M., study cited, 169. Moehlman, A. B., research study reported, 17-18. Montefiore Special School, day school for special cases, 172 Motion pictures, as factor related to crime, 161; bibliography, 193. Murchison, Carl, study cited, 155, 162. Myers, Alonzo F., quoted, 7. Myers, Charles Everett, article cited, 104. National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, Report on the Cost of Crime, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 158, 166, 168. National Committee on Mental Hygiene, study cited, 167. National Conference of Social Work, report, 171. National Congress of Parents and Teachers, work for adult education, 183. National Education Association, cited as source of information on purchasing power of teachers’ salaries, 50; Commission on Character Education, quoted, 180; Committee on Tenure, 37; Department of Classroom Teachers, Yearbook cited, 50, 175, 184; Department of Superintendence, Yearbook cited, 181, 184; Division of Publications, 51; health program compiled with cooperation of American Medical Association, 177; plan of Research Division for self-survey of school systems, 88; principles of teacher rating, 65; publication cited, 51; quoted, 201; report of committee cited, 62, 171; Research Division, 3, 9, 13, 20, 48, 50, 88, 120, 138; Salary Committee, 3. National Industrial Conference Board, cited as source of data, 50, 123; estimate of national wealth, 209. National Probation Association, reference to, 138. National Recreation Association, suggestions on recreation, 178. Nebraska, laws governing teachers contracts, 36. Negro Child Study, Joint Committee, study cited 165. Nevada, laws governing teachers’ contracts, 37. New Jersey, interstate comparisons from survey report, 83, 85; State Home for Boys, 167, 168. New York, achievement testing program in school survey, 97, 98; Division of Tests and Measurements of the Joint Com- mittee on Rural Schools, testing program, 98; illustration of federal tax collections, 212; self-survey plan applied to school system, 89; size of survey reports, 87; survey report on estimating teaching efficiency, 84. Newspapers, effect in connection with crime, 158. Nietz, John A., study cited, 24. North Carolina, achievement testing program in school survey, 97; illustration of federal tax collections, 212. North Dakota, laws governing teachers’ contracts, 36. Oakland, California, plan for super-maximum salary, 45. Occupations, Types of, as factors associated with crime, 158. Ohio, laws governing teachers’ contracts, 36. Oklahoma, achievement tests used in school survey, 97. Omaha, Ne » Plan for disability insurance, 58; plan for payment of substitute teachers, 53. Palmer, Emily G., quoted, 118. Parent-Teacher Associations, vote on employment of married women as teachers, 16, 17. Parental schools, 171. Parsons, Philip, quoted, 137. Pennsylvania, laws governing teachers’ contracts, 37; self- survey plan applied to school system, 89. Philadelphia Bureau of Compulsory Education, report cited, 166 Philadelphia Labor College, work for adult education, 183. Phillips, F; M.,, study of state school efficiency, 105. Phillips’ rank method, description of, 105. Phoenix, Arizona, cumulative sick-leave plan, 59. Physical welfare, as factor in crime prevention, 176. Plants, Public school, efficiency of, measured by rating cards in Arizona, Florida, Missouri, New York, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West. Virginia, 85, 86; use of rating cards for —s efficiency of, 85,,86. See also Property, Public Cv] Pontiac, Michigan, plan for merging sick and sabbatical leave, 57. Portland (Oregon) Labor College, work for adult education, 183 Potter, Ellen C., quoted, 137. Poverty, as factor associated with crime, 155. Prisoners, educational achievement of, 160; number male received in State and Federal prisons, 141; number under sentence during one year, 144; percent distribution by educational status, sex, and type of offense, 160; ratio of educational status of, to general population, 160 Prisons, commitments, 141; educational programs, 179 Statistics on populations, 141. Prohibition, as factor associated with crime, 156; laws, bib- liography, 191. Property, Public school, as educational agency, 123; as factor in measuring state school efficiency, 113, 123, 124, 125, 130: average value of, by states and territories, 124; dependent upon type of community, 123; effect on school efficiency discussed, 123; kind of, depends on money invested, 123; quotation on, from Texas Educational Survey Commission, 123; rank of states on value of, 124; relation to urban popul tion, 127; sectional differences in value of, 127, 130; value of, national, 209, 216; value of, bases for calculating, 124 value of, by states, 210. See also Plants, Public school Public opinion, bibliography, 199; effect upon crime, 181 Pupil personnel, check list for administration of, 89. Questionnaires, number and percent of responses to question naires used in present study, 4, 5, 35; plan of presenting results, 4; survey of opinion on married women as teachers, 17; used in this study, reproduced, 30-33, 72-75; used in state school surveys, 82, 83. Rating scales, applied to the school plant, 84, 85, 86; as factor in administration of teachers’ salary schedule, 64; as measure of teachers’ efficiency, 83, 84, 85; bibliography on teachers’, 70; extent of use of teacher rating, 65; for courses of study, 86; limitations of, as applied to teachers, 64; reports use of, by survey staffs to measure efficiency of school plants in Arizona, Florida, Missouri, New York, Texas, Utah, Vir- ginia, West Virginia, 85, 86; reports use of, by survey staffs to measure teaching efficiency in Indiana, New York, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, 83, 84, 85; use of, in city school systems to rate teachers, 65. Recidivism, as a factor associated with crime, 159 Recreation, as factor in crime prevention, 177. Reed, Anna Y., study quoted, 117. Reeves, Charles E., quoted, 15. Reeves, Margaret, study cited, 173. Religion, as factor in crime prevention, 180. Research Bulletins of the National Education Association, cited, 35, 36, 48, 49, 50, 88, 177, 220, 222; quoted, 39; references on health cited, 177. Research Division, cites sources of data on crime, 138; cites sources of information on salary problems, 48; plan for self survey of state school systems, 88; presents data on educa tion of teachers, 120, 121; Special Salary Tabulations cited, 50; studies made of personnel practices, 3, 9, 35; study cited, 13, 20. Retirement, Teacher, check list for, 91 Revenues, School, check list for administration of, 91. Robinson, William M., quoted, 6 Rogers, James F., study cited, 54 55 Sabbatical leave, bibliography, 69, 70; effect on teachers professional attitudes, 62; for professional improvement, 62; number and percent of cities granting, 63; plans for certain cities, described, 62, 63; present practice reviewed, 62; principles governing administration of, 62, 63; why grant pay during, 62. See also Sick leave. Salaries, Teachers’, agencies publishing statistics on, as related to cost of living, 49, 50; amount of, closely related to percent of urban population, 126, 127; as indication of quality of teaching, 120, 121, 122, 123; based on measures of teaching efficiency, 40, 41; bibliography, 67, 68; check list for laws governing, 91; distribution of payments over year, 48; effect on supply of teachers, 10; Gaumitz, W. H., quoted on, 121; increases in, as reward for professional study or travel, 46, 47; influence on cultural level of teacher, 120: influence on efficiency of teacher, 120, 121; number and percent of cities granting increases in, as reward for summer school attendance, and educational travel, 47; plans of cities granting super-maximum, cited, 45; policies as to period and frequency of payment, 48, 49; ranking of the states on, 122; relationship between education of teachers and, 120, 121; relation to school achievement, study cited, 121; Salary Committee inquiry, 3; sectional differences in amount paid, 127, 129; sources of information on, 48-50; super-maximum defined, 44; trend of practice with respect to granting bonuses, 47; validity as measure of quality of teaching discussed, 122. Salary schedules, advantages of, 39; bibliography, 67, 68; bonus plan, 46, 47; defined, 39; differentiation in favor ot men, 42, 43; factors determining teacher's place on, 40, 43; illustrations of, 44, 45; more common among larger cities, 39; number and percent of cities granting bonuses, 47; number and percent of cities having definite, 39; number and percent of cities providing for super-maximum salaries, 45; number and percent of cities using combinations of factors determining teacher's place, 43; number and percent of cities using position held as factor, 40; number and percent of cities using professional training as factor, 40; number and percent of cities using years of service as factor, 40; opinions of educators on bonus plan, quoted, 47; selective influence of, 120, 121; “‘single salary schedule,"’ 42; sources of information on, 48-50; super-maximum salary plan adds to flexibility, 44; trend of practice with respect to granting bonuses, 47; trend of practice with respect to super-maxi- mum salaries, 44. Schenectady, New York, plan for merging sick and sabbatical leave, 58; plan for sabbatical leave, quoted, 64. Schools and education, as related to crime, 159; costs, com- pared with life insurance, 219; costs, compared with luxuries, 220, 221; costs, compared with other governmental costs, 214, 215; effect of increased attendance on costs, 223, 224, 225; effect of increased enrolment on costs, 224, 225; expenditures for, compared with other governmental expenditures, 214; factors responsible for increase in cost, 223; finance, 205; improved service, effect on costs, 225; ratio of costs to tax collections, 215, 216, 217; recent trends in costs, 223; total expenditure for, in Alabama, 206. Schrammel, Henry E., study of state educational efficiency, 105. Sears, Jesse B., quoted on the school survey, 96 Seattle, Washington, plan for disability insurance, 58. Seibold, Louis, quoted, 137. Shaw Bernar » quoted, 142. Sias, A. B., reference to study on measure of school efficiency, 109. Sick leave, absence of men and women teachers compared, 55; amount of, and proportion of salary granted in various classes of cities, 54-60; bibliography, 68, 69; Cicero, Illinois, allotment for, 55; conditions for granting leaves of absence with pay, 53; disability insurance plans of certain cities, 58; effect on teacher's efficiency, 51; flexible administration desirable, 61; Gary, Indiana, plan for administering, 55; granted by larger cities more frequently, 54; group health insurance protection against long periods of, 58; mutual benefit plans as means of supplementing allowances for, 59; names of cities with plans for merging with sabbatical leave, 57, 58; need for additional research, 61; number and percent of cities granting, with some salary, 55; number and percent of cities reporting provisions for teachers’, with part or full pay, 56; number and percent of cities reporting policies governing employment of substitute teachers, 52; number and percent of cities having cumulative plan, 57; plans of certain cities for, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61; policy for granting in Baltimore, 53; protection against long illnesses, 57; principles governing, 51, 52; recent data con- cerning, summarized, 55, 57; recommendations regarding plan for, 55; reducing ill health to minimum, 61; safeguarding against abuse, 59, 60; safeguarding pupil welfare during, 52; substitute service during, 52, 53, 55 Slawson, John, study cited, 166, 167. Social agencies of crime prevention, promotion of economic welfare, 175; public health and recreational activities, 176. Sonnets, assachusetts, data on illness among teachers, 54, 57, 60. Standardizing agencies, Southern Association and North Central Association, 11. State 4 ay of Education, check list for, 92. Steiner, M, A., study cited, 26. Sub-Commission on Causes and Effects of Crime, study cited, 166. Survey, school, application of self-survey plan to seven state school systems, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93; biliography, 94, 95, 96; characteristics of, 81; contributions to research procedures, 81, 88; cost of state, 87; emphasis, usually given to, 87; Garlin’s study of, 88; interstate comparisons used in, 84, 85; interviews and conferences reported by, 83; methods of measuring state school efficiency given in reports, 79, 81-96; objectives of, in Washington, Kansas, Indiana, and Missis- sippi, 81, in Alabama, Florida, Delaware, Indiana, 82; obstacles to success, 88; organization and administration ot state, 87; plan for self-survey, 88, 94; province of, 87: purpose and scope of various state, 81, 82; reports of inter- views and conferences in California, Florida and West Virginia, 83; reports of statistical comparisons between states, 83, 84, 35; defined, 81; self-survey, plan for, 81, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93; staff, typical, 87; state, authorization of, 87; study of factors conditioning success, 88; time required for, 87; use of achievement tests in, 97, 98; use of general observation in, 87; use of measures of pupil progress in Florida, 86, 87; use of questionnaire in, 82; use of rating scales in, 83, 84, 85, 86; use of statistical records in, 82; use of standard tests in, 87. Sutherland, E. H., quoted, 163. Taxes, collections compared with school costs, 215, 216, 217, 218; federal collections, 211, 212; local collections, 211; ratio of income to state and local, 212; ratio of school costs to, 215; state collections, 211, 212; total collections in United States, 1930, 211. Teacher rating, as basis for differentiation of salaries, discus- sion, 40, 41; as means of improvement, 64; bibliography, 70; by rating scales in state school surveys, 83, 84, 85, 86; increase in use of, 41; limitations of, 40, 41; teachers’ attitude toward, as factor in determining salary, 41; number and percent of cities having definite plan for, 65: , percent of cities using rating scales as fact schedule, 40; steps in successful administration report of committee of National Education Ass principles of, 65; trend of practice relative to, 65 Teacher retirement, check list for administration Teacher tenure, bibliography, 66; check list for adn of, 90; general principles for establishment of, 37. 3+ and percent of cities having various types of, 37: | practice in city school systems, 37; types of state | ing, 36, 37; use of formal contracts in city school s Teachers, as criterion of quality of education offer: : 120; bonuses for study and travel, 46, 47; certific 11, 90; classification on health basis, 61; cul affected by salary, 120; dependents, 42: effec: environment upon, 123; effect of supply and de: standards, 9, 10; employment, check list for adm of, 90; employment of local residents as, 22, 23 requirements, 12, 13; health insurance for, 58, 59 on school, 120, 121; married women as, 14, 15 16 20, 21; oversupply of certificated, 10; policies a in city school systems relative to appointment, sional organizations, check list for, 91; rating o! 66, 70; restrictions on personal freedom, 16 systems, check list for, 91; routine procedures ir 23, 24, 25, 26, 27; sabbatical leave, 62, 63, 64: s 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 122, 129; salary schedules for, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 leave, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61: suitable candidates, 23; state requirements for ce: 5, 6, 7, 11; substitute, 51, 52, 53; term of em 36, 37, 38; training requirements of newly a; 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; written examinations as basis tion, 26. See also Married women as teachers; mer ers; and local residents as teachers. Teachers’ examinations, less dependence upon, States, 5; number and percent of cities using as selection, 24; written, as basis of supermaximum sa Teachers, Experience requirements, effect of exp: minimum training requirements, 9; for newly 12; objections to, 12; present practice in « systems, 12, 13; trend of practice, 13. Teachers, Selection, a function of the superinten discussion of physical examinations as basis, 27; quality of teaching provided, 122; influence of sa! 120; number and percent of cities reporting use o! « tion as basis, 24; number and percent of cities repor of application blanks, 24; number and percent reporting use of physical examination as basis, 24; tion of classroom work as basis, 26; personal intervi« candidates as basis, 26; routine procedures used systems, 24; sources of suitable candidates, 23; s use of formal application blanks, 24, 25; use o! : and letters of recommendation, 25, 26. Teachers, Training, adequate training necessary, 5 of state school surveys toward, 6, 7; bibliography o requirements for newly appointed 28; check administration of, 89; data on percent of teachers two or more years of, 120, 121; desirable minimum ' 6; effect of monetary rewards for, 120; effect of su; demand upon standards of training, 9, 10; need [or qualitative standards, 10; need for research on, 1! of standardizing agencies concerning specific trai! opinions of educators concerning, 5, 6, 7; required appointed teachers in city school systems in 1930 references on special, 195; requirements for newly a 4, 5, 8; specificity of training, 10; statutory requi: 5, 11; trend of requirements in city school sys ultimate goal, 7. Teaching, Quality, amount of training as measure 121; as measured by salaries paid, 120, 121, 122; d lacking, 120; influence of salary on, 120, 121; influ selection on, 122; limitations of salary as measure selected, as measure of school efficiency, 113; va salary as measure of, discussed, 122. Tenure, See Teacher Tenure. Terms, School, lengthened, effect on school costs, 223 Tests, as approach to exact measure of state school et! 113; bibliography on state-wide achievement, 100, || 103; standard, as m. : hod of measuring state schoo! efi 87, 97, 98, 99, 100; state testing programs, illustrati 99, 100; state-wide achievement, as used in surv: value of, 100. Texas, achievement testing used in school survey, 9 laws applying to teachers’ contracts, 36; report of sur estimating teaching efficiency, 84; study of school ad tration in, 25, 26. Texas Educational Survey Commission, qucted, 123 Thomas A, Edison School for Boys, day school for cases, 172. Thompson, R. M., rating of city and town school systems Thorndike, E. L., quoted on tests, 103. Tiegs, Ernest W., quoted, 27. Training schools for delinquents, work described, 173 Trenton, New Jersey, illustration of one type of super mum , 45. Troy, New York, plan for merging sick and sabbatical lea, Truant School in Manhattan, study of inmates, 166, 168 [vi] Unemplo} United Si activit United S 140; E reports Universi Utah, ac survey survey Unemployment, as factor associated with crime, 157 United States, average compulsory school age limit, 119; cost utomobiles, 220; cost of luxuries, 220, 221, 222; govern ntal costs, 211; income per capita compared with other ntries, 212; national wealth, 209, 210; number children in ol population, 224; percent of income spent for taxes, percent of taxes invested in public education, 214; tax ections and school costs by states, 215, 216, 217; value of all buildings estimated, 220; value of public school property, 209, 210. United States Bureau of the Census, as source of data, 114, 116: classification of crimes, 139; data on prisoners, 142 estimates of luxury costs, 220; report cited, 137, 147, 162 United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, cited as source of wmation, 50; statistics on cost of living referred to, 123. United States Census of Construction, estimate of construc- United States Children’s Bureau, plan for total juvenile court statistics, 142; quoted, 137; report cited, 166, 169 United States Department of the Interior, cost of ictivities, 145. United States Department of Justice, Bureau of 140; Bureau of Prisons, 138; cost of police reports, 149 United States Department of Labor, cost of police Investigation activities, 145; police activities, 145. United States Interstate Commerce Commission, cost of police activities, 145. United States Office of Education, bulletin cited, 50; cited as source of information on salaries, 48, 49; estimated value of public school property, 209; quoted on value of schoo! property, 124; reference to Statistics Division, 105; source data on certain factors related to state school efficiency 114; source of data on public school property, 124; source { information on social agencies, 186; study quoted, 121 University of Cincinnati, publication quoted, 7. Utah, achievement testing used in school survey, 97 survey staff on estimating teaching efficiency, survey plan applied to school system, 89. ; report of 84; self- Van Denburg, oseph K., q Van Waters, iriam, study Virginia, achievement testing yr tration of state testing | estimating teachir effic school plants report d bv Wang, Charles K. A., Washington, illustrat ot survey qi system, 89 Washington, D. C., salary, 45 Wealth, as fac is national, 209, 210 West Virginia, achievement Cavins study of 1001 views and c report of teacher rating b rating cards for meast 85, 86; self-survey 91, 92, 93; survey White House Conference Children's Charter, 176, 1 report, 170; The Care of Handi 165, 167; sociate ynferences re lan apped Chi School H cited, 201 Wickersham, G. W., quoted, Wickersham reports, cited, Wiley, R. B., ranking of ¢ 108. Witham, Ernest C., index of school efficiency, 109, 119 Workers’ Education Bureau World War, effects on Wyoming, state testing prog rwency iring the efhiciency of quoted, alife crime, Wundt, Wilhelm, referred to, 1oted, cited ised grams, 85 99 use survey, 85, 86 ted, 24, 25, tate testing pri survey plan a type 1 with crime, testing used in school achievement in, cited, 121 ‘ported as survey procedure, y survey staff, 85; report survey the school pl applied to school 89 83 on Child Health and Protection, 77; Committee on Special ¢ system Delinquent Child, 177; Organization ldren, publication of, 1 ealth Program, 177; quot 138. i140 nia counties on schox holding power, 109, 119 , work for adult educati 156 129. rams, 99, 100