INDEX TO VOLUME V Ability, to pay taxes, teachers in large cities, ! men, 135; native, of teachers, Ability to support education See Administrative officers, ilaries, 109, 122, 139, 145, 147: number of, 112, Adult education, Directors of. See, American Education Week, 197. American Legion, 197. Americanization directors See, Superv Apportionment of school funds, inequali 34, 36, 37, 39-40. Army draft of 1918, ability to read ar 135. Assistant directors and upervisors officers. Assistant principals, salaries, . 935 tt Assistant superintendents. See, Administra Attendance, increase in, 33, 200, 206, 207 portionment of school funds, 34; percent daily, 200; progress in, 206-207; basi regularity, 263; responsibility minimum regulations, 266 Attendance officers. See, Other school empl Attendance records. See, Census and Attend Automobiles, expenditures for, 135 Ayres, Leonard P., educational rank of states Ri R3 Barnard, Henry, advocate of public taxation for of education, 199, Bibliography, state school finance, 51-63; teachers 181-190; school records and reports, 325 346. Boards of education, secretaries of, see, Administrat cers; reports, sec, Superintendent and Board repo Budget, principal items of teacher's, 167; annual ment of school, 234. , Building construction, Expenditures for, a measure of vd state’s economic power, 7-9, 17, 135, 218-219; compared Ed ‘ with school costs as a measure of state’s e to support tional education, 8-9, 17, 19; amount of, 17, 19, 135, 218-219 Efficiency, Buildings and grounds, Superintendents of ee, Admin 22; « istrative officers. Effort t Business managers. S< Administrative officers l Capital outlay, increase during last forty years, 204 Census and attendance records, importance of adequate, 262; necessary information contained in, 262; present weaknesses of school census, 262-263; objectives of cx tinuing census, 263; teacher's reports on regularity attendance, 263; basic standards of regularity of “mmons, k E., report tendance which should be recognized, 263; recommend h for effective servi 263-266; illustrative forms : 265, 266; responsibility of state, 266 é Census, School, a basis of apportioning state aid, 34, Enrolments, present weaknesses, 262; responsibility of state for, 26¢ See al Chicago citizens’ committee, report on teachers’ salaries, Evening 168. Expectatior Cincinnati salary study, 168. ciety, Clerical workers, percent receiving less than twenty d Expend lars a week, 149; percent receiving more than th dollars a week, 149; salaries in manufacturing transportation industries, 176; index of salaries in mat facturing and transportation industries, 177; aver: salary of, 211. See also, Other school employees. ; Clerks, School. See, Other school employees State Committee on Uniform Records and Reports, 233, 249, ation 262. Financial Commodities, increase in cost of, 216, 220. ferentiatior f st s, 233; handbook Continuation schools, Directors of. See, Supervisory officers departmer 1 of uniformity, Corporations, net income by states, 47; federal tax on net for smaller hool systems, z ; classificat income, 47, 48; possible revenues from state tax on net names of essential, 1-244; characteristi income, 47, 51. cal 233-244: i Cost of living, in large cities, 77; in cities of varying 235, 236, 237, 23 239, 240, 241 population, 166; in small cities, 166; a criterion for procedure, 237; distribution fixing rates of salary schedules, 166; defined, 167; re in general ledger, 239-240; lated to standard of living of a homogeneous group, 167; treasurer, 41: of revolving f of professional man with family, 168; index of, 169, 241-242 h, 242; of indebtedn 170, 172, 173, 174, 175. board, H 44; bibliography, 327-33 Cost and expenditures, for building construction, 7, 8, 9, Financial sury , quoted, 32-34, 36-41 17, 19, 135, 218-219; for life insurance, 7, 8, 9, : Food, percent of teachers’ income ex] for certain luxuries, 7, 8, 20, 24, 25, 27, 2! of retail pr , 169; percent incr 219; for schools, 7-29, 42, 43, 135, 216, 218 I government, 8, 20; for higher education, 10, » Bae Gainfully 17, 18, 21, 24, 25; for tobacco, 48, 49, 50, 51; f yu 79, 82 chase and upkeep of automobiles, 135; for health and income, sanitation in large cities, 201, 202; for school buildings 151, 154, and sites, 216, 217; for labor, 216, 220; for various com- income, modities and services, 216, 220. See, also, Capital out defined, ro thor [ 347 ] 153, 154; median income, 149; number having incomes of less than $3000, 149; typical income, 151, 156; in- dex of income, 176, 177. Ganders, Harry S., co-author of report, 245-261. Government employees. See, United States government employees. Government expenditures, compared with school cost, 8; total, in United States, 20. Handwriting. See, Penmanship. Health, purchasable commodity, 201; part played by public school in promotion of, 201; increase in expenditures by large cities, 201, 202. Health directors. See, Supervisory officers. Hiealth standards, need of adequate standards based on healthful living, 201. Heck, Arch O., co-author of report, 245-261. High schools, salaries of deans, 72, 75, 80, 83; salaries of department heads, 72, 75, 80, 83; salaries of teachers, 72, 74, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 89, 90, 95, 96, 101, 102, 142, 143, 144, 164, 165, 166; salaries of principals, 76, 77, 84, 85, 91, 92, 97, 98, 103, 104, 106, 142, 144, 145, 165, 166; curriculum, 212; increase in enrolment, 1880 to 1925, 214, Higher education. See, Costs and expenditures. Ideals, in American education, 199-200. Illiteracy, amount of, in natien, 135; in states having the best schools, 200; and national income, 220 Illustrative forms of records and reports, financial rec- ords, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243; pupil records, 247; census and attendance records, 264- 265, 266; teachers’ reports to parents, 271-273; person- nel records, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279; reports of state school systems to United States Bureau of Education, 290-297; reports of city school systems to United States Bureau of Education, 304-309, Income, a measure of economic power, 7, 8, 9, 14, 24; compared with school costs as a measure of effort, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 24, 28; yearly, in the United States, 10, 135, 136, 137, 148, 218; yearly, of states, 10, 218, 219; state taxes on personal net, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 50, 51; personal net, by states, 45; federal tax on personal net, 45, 46; net, of corporations, by states, 47; federal tax on corporation net, 47, 48; state taxes on corpora- tion net, 47, 48, 50, 51; of gainfully occupied persons, 77, 79, 82, 85, 90, 93, 96, 99, 136, 139, 145, 146, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 176, 177, 178, 208, 211; percent of, spent by teachers for food and rent, 167; amount of total net, reported in incomes of $3000 or more, 148; number of persons reporting $3000 or more 148; number of persons reporting a million dollars or more, 148; number of persons reporting over five million dollars, 148; average of persons having incomes of less than $3000, 149; national, and illiteracy, 220. Index, of ratio of school costs to various measures of eco- nomic power, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28: of wholesale prices, 168, 169; ‘of retail price "of food, 169; of purchasing power of the dollar, oe 170;. of cost of living, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 17 5; composite of wages an " salaries, 173 178; it wages, 175; of real wages, 175; of income of infully occupied persons, 176, 177; of ministers’ salaries, 177; of purchasing aed of various wages and salaries, 17 77; of salaries of ited States Government employees, 177; of teachers’ salaries, 177; of wa and salaries in manufacturing and transportation industries, 177. Insurance, Payments for life, a measure of state’s eco- nomic power, 7, 9; compared with school costs as a measure of state’s effort to support education, 8, 9, 17, 18; amount in United States, 17, 18; amount by states, 18. Intermediate grades, Directors and supervisors of. See, Supervisory officers. feniwere, See, Other school employees. unior high schools, salaries of teachers, 72, 73, 74, 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 89, 90, 95, 96, 101, 102, 142, 164, 165, 166; salaries of ‘principals, "76, 77, 78 83, 84, 85, 91, 92, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 105, 166, i42 "165, 166; salaries of directors and supervisors, See, Super: visory officers. Kindocgnrten directors and supervisors. See, Supervisory rs. Kindeogerten teachers, salaries of, 72, 1 75, 76, 77, 80, 82, 83, 87, ees ee 164. King, Willford I, quoted, 216 Labor, percent increase in cost of, 216, 220. a. = legislation, of states, ‘affecting school finance, 52- Length of school life, 214, 216. See also, Attendance. Local communities, share in school support, 31, 33; wealth per child in rich and poor, 32; differences in ability to support education, 35. Luxuries, Expenditures for, a measure of state’s economic power, 7, 8, 9; compared with school costs as a measure of state’s effort to support education, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28; amount of, 24, 25, 135, 218-219. Manual training, Directors and supervisors of. See, Super- visory officers. Manufacturing industries, average weekly wage of workers, 149; average number of weeks workers are employed, 149; salaries of clerical and low salaried workers, 176; index of average annual wage, 177. Massachusetts “Physical Record,” 256, 257. Median, defined, 74. Meredith, Albert B., report by, 284-286. Michigan State Department of Education, cumulative rec- ord card of, 252 Mills, H. L., co-author of report, 233-244. Mineral products, value by states, 49; possible revenue by state taxes on, 49, ls Minimum essentials of education, need of clear statement, 37; differences in states, 37; statement of four, 38; en- actment of measures providing for, 38. Mitchell, Wesley C., quoted, 220. Moehlman, Arthur B., on fixing rates of salary schedules, 168; pupil’ s cumulative record devised by, 252. Music directors. See, Supervisory officers. National Bureau of Economic Research, quoted, 220. National Association of Public School Business Officials, 233 National Education Association, salary data collected by, 124; editorial quoted by President, 199. Committee on Uniform Records and Reports of Department of Super- intendence, 233. National Tax Association, plan for model system of state and local taxation, 42, 43, 46, Newspapers, editorial of 1884, quoted, 199; in American Education Week, 197. Normal school, reduction in enrolments, 210. cooperation Opportunity, Educational, inequalities in, 32, 33; minimum essentials, 37, 38; equalization of, 38; dependent in many countries on birth and social position, 199; use made of, 207. Other school employees, salaries, 78, 79, 80, 86, 88, 93, 94, 99, 100, 106, 107. Parents, visits to school, 199. Parish, unit of school support in Louisiana, 32. Pasteur, quoted, 200. Penmanship, Supervisors of. Permanent funds, need of establishing substantial, 38-40. Personnel records, importance of adequate, 274; names and descriptions of most important, 274-279; teachers’ application blank, 274, 275; recommendation blank, 276; teachers’ permanent history card, 274, 277, 278; teach- ers’ rating card, 274-279; illustrative forms, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279; j bibliography, 340-341. Phillips, Frank M , educational rank of states, 221, 222. Physical defects, percent of children suffering from, 201. Physical education, Directors of. See, Supervisory Officers. Population, groups of cities included in salary tabulations, 71; increase in, compared with increase in high-school enrolments, 214. Principals, salaries in elementary schools, 76, 77, 84, 85, 87, 91, 92, 97, 98, 103, 104, 106, 142, 144, 145, 165, 166; salaries in junior high schools, 76, 77, 84, 85, 91, 92, 97, 98, 103, 104, 105, 106, 142, 165, 166; sala- ries in high schools, 76, 77, 84, 85, 91, 92, 97, 98, 103, 104, 106, 142, 144, 145, 165, 166; salaries in village and small town high schools, 142, 144; salaries in city school systems, 154; salaries in rural high schools, 154. Professional status, of teachers’ salaries, 136-137, 208. Property, possession, a measure of taxpaying ability, 33; tax as a source of state revenue, 33, 34, 44; classifica- tion for tax purposes, 41, 43; assessment of, 44; value of tangible, 44, 135; value of " school, 204, 205. Property, School. See Property. Publications of the eighteenth century, quoted, 200. Pupil records, objectives, 245-246; recommended perma- nent and cumulative, 245 246-261; standards, 246; teacher’s daily register , 246, 248- 249; illustrative forms, 247, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, See, Supervisory officers. 260, 261; "definitions used in, 248, 249, 250; general cumulative, 249-256; health, 256-257, 258; guidance, 259-260; psychological clinic, 260; principal's office, 260, 261; bibllography, 333-338. Purchasing power of the dollar, fluctuations in, 168, 169, 170, 171; index of, 169, 170; less in, and increase in amount of capital invested in ‘school property, 204; loss in, and reduction in normal school enrolments, 210. Qualifications, of teachers, 77, 162, 163; of groups recog- nized in salary schedules, 161, 163. [ 348 ] Rank of states, Educational, 221, 222. Real wages, criterion in fixing rates of salary schedules, 165, 170, 173, 178; imdex of, 175; in years subsequent to 1900, 172; in years subsequent to 1913, 173; increase in, 178, 179. Record systems, financial, 233-244; pupil, 245-261; census and attendance, 262-266; personnel, 274-279; list of agencies publishing and selling forms, 323-324. Reperts, teachers to parents, 267-273; superintendent and board to county and state, 280-283; state to public, 284 286; state to United States Bureau of Education, 287-303; forms for state to United States Bureau of Education, 290-297; of city school systems to United States Bu reau of Education, 303-309; forms for city, to United States Bureau of Education, 304-309; list of agencies publishing and selling forms, 323-324. Residence, of teachers, 163, 164. Research directors. See, Supervisory officers. Revenues, School, sources of, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 50, 138; amounts by states, 51; amounts various forms of state taxes would yield, 51. Rewards of teaching, need of emphasizing tangible, 136, 138; intangible rewards, 139, 158. Rural schools, salaries paid, 139, 142, 144, 153, 154. Salaries, data included in tabulations, 71, 72; median of elementary school teachers, 71, 75, 83, 90, 96, 102, 164, 165, 166; in cities over 100,000 in population, 72-79 109-112; special tabulations, 72, 73, 76, 108; distribu- tion of elementary school teachers’, 72, 73, 80, 89, 95, 101; distribution of high school deans’, 72, 80, 83; dis- tribution of high school department heads’, 72, 80, 83; distribution of high school teachers’, 72, 80, 89, 95, 101; distribution of junior high school teachers, 72, 80, 89, 95, 101; distribution of kindergarten teachers’, 72, 80, 89, 95, 101; distribution of special class teachers’, 72, 80; median, of kindergarten teachers, 74, 75, 76, 83, 90, 96, 102, 164, 165, 166; median maximum, of elementary school teachers, 74, 76; median minimum, of elementary school teachers, 74, 76; maximum, of elementary school teachers, 74, 76, 82, 89, 95, 101; maximum of high school teachers, 74, 82, 89, 95, 101; maximum, of junior high school teachers, 74, 82, 89, 95, 101; maximum, of kindergarten teachers, 74, 82, 89, 95, 101; minimum, of elementary school teachers, 74, 76, 82, 89, 95, 101, 164; minimum, of high school teachers, 74, 82, 89, 95, 101, 164; minimum, of junior high school teachers, 74, 82, 89, 95, 101, 164; minimum, of kindergarten teachers, 74, 82, 89, 95, 101, 164; median, of high school teachers, 75, 81, 83, 90, 96, 102, 142, 143, 144, 164, 165, 166; median of junior high school teachers, 75, 81, 83, 90, 96, 102, 165, 166; median, of high school deans, 75, 83; median, of high school department heads, 75, 83; median, of spe- cial class teachers, 75, 83; median, of kindergarten teachers, 83, 90, 96, 102; median, of elementary school teachers, 75, 83, 90, 96, 102, 142, 143, 144, 164, 165, 166; distribution of elementary school principals’, 76, 84, 91, 97, 103; distribution of high school principals’, 76, 84, 91, 97, 103; distribution of junior high school principals’, 76, 84, 91, 97, 103; minimum, of elementary school principals, 76, 84, 91, 97, 104; minimum, high school principals, 76, 84, 91, 97, 104; minimum, of jun- ior high school principals, 75, 84, 91, 97, 104; of forty percent of teachers in United States, 77; maximum, of elementary school principals, 77, 85, 92, 98, 104; maxi- mum, of high school principals, 77, 85, 92, 98, 104; maximum, of junior high school principals, 77, 85, 92, 98, 104; median, of elementary school principals, 77, 85, 92, 98, 106, 142, 145, 165; median, of high school principals, 77, 85, 92, 98, 104, 105, 106, 142, 144, 145, 165, 166; median, of junior high school principals, 77, 85, 92, 98, 104, 105, 106, 142, 165, 166; distribution of other school employees’, 78, 79, 86, 93, 99, 106; median, of other school employees, 79, 85, 94, 100, 107; in cities, 30,000 to 100,000 in population, 80-87, 88, 112- 117; in cities 10,000 to 30,000 in population, 88-93, 94, 118; in cities 5,000 to 10,000 in population, 94-97, 100, 119-121; in cities 2,500 to 5,000 in population, 100-107, 122, 123; median, of superintendents of schools, 108, 109, 113, 118, 119, 122, 145, 153, 155; distribution of administrative officers’, 109, 112, 113, 118, 119, 122; median, of administrative officers’, 109, 112, 113, 118, 119, 122, 145, 147; distribution of superintendents of schools’, 109, 113, 118, 119, 122; distribution of super- visory officers’, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123; median, of supervisory officers, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123; form used in collecting data on, 124-127; pre- war, of teachers, 135; pre-war of unskilled and semi-skilled workers 135; increase in_ teachers’, 135, 167, 173, 178, 180, 208; professional level of teachers’, 136-137, 208; typical, of teachers, 136, 151; median, of teachers in rural communities, villages, and small towns, 137, 142, 144; city school workers, 139; rural school workers, 139; median, of eight groups of teachers in rural schools, 142, 144; principals in village and small town high schools, 142, 144; in tw eacher schools, 142, 144; distribution of teachers’, cx npare with distribution of incomes of gainfully occupied pe sons, 146, 151, 152, 153, 154; United States government employees, 149, 150, 155; various grades of and sub-professional government employees, median, of teachers in two-room rural sch median, of principals in city schools co ired wit average income of gainfully occupied persons 154 median, of principals in small high schools, 154; teact ers, compared with salaries of United States government employees, 155; differentials in, of various g¢ s of school employees, 164, 165, 166; differentials in, in cities of varying population, 165, 166; Minneapolis st f teachers’, 167; New York study of teachers’, 167; Cl cago study of teachers’, 168; Cincinnati study of t ers’, 168; average, of teachers in 1913, 171, 210; purchasing power of, 172, 173, 174, 175, 1 age, of various groups of workers, 176; clerical ar low-salaried workers in manufacturing and transport tion industries, 176; index of, 176, 177; ministers ‘ 177, 209, 210; average, of teachers compared t in come ot gainfully oc cupied persons, 179, 208, 211 vel age, of teachers in 1926, 180; increase in teachers’, compared with increase in wages and salaries general 180; percent increase in average, of several groups 8; percent increase average of teachers, principals, and superintendents of schools, 211. Salary schedules, characteristics of, 159; class specifica tions of groups included in, 161-164; criteria fé fixing rates of, 164, 166, 168, 173, 178; defined, 159; flexibil ity of, 159; groups most frequently recognized in, 160; percent of cities having, 159; qualificat f groups recognized in, 161, 163; scientific, pro ting school efficiency, 180; single, 161. Savings deposits, amount by states, 16, 213, 19; cor pared with school costs as a measure of state’s effort to support education, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 24; total, in United States, 14, 16, 135, 218. School costs. See, Costs and expenditures; Costs, Scl School support. See, Support of education Schools, increase of attendance, 33, 200, 206, 209: attend ance as a basis of apportionment of school funds, 34 number of teachers as a basis of apportionment of school funds, 34, 36; number of teachers, 34, 36, 139, 141, 151, 153, 173; efficiency of, 135, 156, 159, 180, 221, 222; burden placed by society upon, 136; attacks , 199; our greatest productive institution, 199; enrol ment in, 199, 214; controlled by all the people, 200 daily attendance in, 200; objectives of, 200; functions of, 212; flexibility of, 213; average cost of buildings and sites per pupil in attendance, 216, 217; expenditures for, see, Costs, School; Costs and expenditures; Salaries paid in, see, Salaries; Superintendents of, see, Superin tendents of schools; Support of, see, Support of edu cation. Secondary education. See, High schools. Simpson, Alfred D., report by, 280-283 Sites, School, percent purchased since 1920 for elementary schoois, which are five acres or more, 204; average cost of buildings and, per pupil in attendance, 216, 217 Snyder, Carl, composite index of wages, 173, 178. Special salary tabulations, 72, 73, 76, 108 Standard of living, in large cities, 77; of a homogeneous group and cost of living, 167; teachers, 167, 216; « terion for fixing rates of salary schedules, 173, 178; compared with standard of educating, 216 State, unit of school support, 32; responsibility for educa tion, 37, 38, 39; functions in education, 266-280, 284 State aid. See, Apportionment of school funds State reports to Federal Government. See, United State Bureau of Education. State reports to public, education a state function, 280, 284; biennial, of state school officers, 284: accounta bility of state school officers to people, 284; aims of biennial, 284; recommendations as to, 284-286; statist cal contents, 285; bibliography, 344-346. State school funds. See, Apportionment of state school funds; Permanent funds. Stenquist, J. L., pocket system of, 252. Strayer, George D., physical record card developed by, 256, 258. Superintendent and board reports, dependence on adminis trative units of school system, 280; educational functions of state in relation to, 280; .need of development by states of adequate system of, 281, 282, 283; basic points in developing state system of, 281-282; outline a pro gram for developing system of, 282-283; bibliography, 341. Superintendents of schools, salaries, 108, 109, 113 118, 119, 122, 139, 145, 153, 155. Reports of, see, Su perintendent and Board reports; Secretaries of, see Administrative officers. [ 349] salaries, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 139. teachers in rural schools, 142, 144; principals in village Supply and demand, Law of, effect on quality of teaching service, 161. Support of education, measures of ability of states, 7-29: percent of economic power devoted to, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 2 27, 29, 135; effort defined, 8; effort of states compared, &, 9, 24, 27, 29; effort in Alabama, 14; effort in Florida, 115, 116, Supervisory officers, 17; effort in Illinois, 17; effort in Massachusetts, 20; only minor fraction of state’s economic power required, 24, 216; ability and _ effort of states, 27, «29; ability of California, 28; share of local communities, 31, 33; units of, 32, 138; sources of revenue, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 50, 138; ap- portionment of state funds, 34-36, 37, 39-40; differences in ability, 36; responsibility of state, 37, 38, 39; need of state funds, 38, 39, 156, 159; amount of revenues by states, 51; amounts of revenues which various forms of state taxes would yield, 51; legislative plans, 52-55; property tax as a principal source, 138; ability of the nation, 138, 156, 216; public taxation advocated by Henry Barnard, 199; adequate, and per capita income of states, 220. See also, Apportionment of school funds; Capital outlay; Costs and expenditures; Costs, School; Revenues, School; Tax; Tax collections; Taxation. source of state revenue, 33, 34, 40, 38, 42, 43, 44, 50, 51; local, 39, 41, 199; Tax, general property, 41, 43, tangible property, 33, 34, district, for school support, 39; business, 40, 41, 42, 48; severance, 40, 41, 49, 50, 51; state on net income of corporations, 40, 41, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51; state, on personal net income, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 50, 51; classified property, 41, 43; inheritance, 41, 43; on luxuries, 43, 48, 49, 50, 51; federal, on personal net income, 45, 46; federal on net income of corporations, 47, 48; tobacco, 48, 49, 50, 51. See also, Tax collec- tions; Taxation; Revenues, School; Support of education. Tax collections, measure of state’s economic power, 7, 9; compared with school costs as a measure of state’s effort to support education, 8, 9, 20, 21, 22, 23, 42, 43; com- pared with total government expenditures, 20; total, in United States, 20, 21; state and local, by states, 21. Taxation, methods, 29, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 138, 155; rates, 30, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 56; newer types, 41, 43; funda: mental principles of state and local, 42; plan of National ‘ax Association for model system of state and local, 42, 43, 46, 48; public, for school support advocated by Barnard, 199. Teachers, number as a basis of a portioning state aid, 36; salaries in elementary schools, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 80, 82, 83, 90, 95, 96, 101, 102, 164, 165; salaries in 1485 city school systems, 72-107; salaries in junior high schools, 72, 73, 75, 80, 81, 83, 89, 90, 95, 96, 101, 102, 104, 142, 165, 166; variation in salaries of, 74, 76; salaries in high schools, 74, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 89, 90, 95, 96, 101, 102, 142, 143, 144, 164, 165, 166; salaries of forty percent of, 77; ability, 77, 156, 162, 163, 164; qualifications, 77, 156, 162, 163, 164; training, 77, 136, 138, 155, 162, 163, 164; pre-war sal- aries, 105; increase in salaries, 135, 167, 173, 178, 180, 208; supply, 136; typical salary, 136, 151; salaries of classroom, 137; economic position, 138, 155, 179, 180; salaries in cities, 139; number, 139, 141, 151, 153, 173; median salary in two-room rural schools, 153; number receiving less than average wages of regularly em- ployed union workers, 154; median salary of classroom, 154, 155; attitude of public toward adequate compensa- tion, 158; salaries of, compared with salaries of United States government employees, 155; need of better trained, 158; groups most frequently recognized in sal- ary schedule, 159, 160; dependents, 162, 163, 164; ex- perience, 162, 163, 164; residence, 162, 163, 164; attitude toward their work, 163, 164; principal items in the budget, 167; average salary in 1913, 176, 177, 208, 210, 211; average salary compared with average income of gainfully occupied persons, 179, 208, 211; average sal- ary in 1926, 185; over-supply, 210; reports to parents, 267-273. Teachers’ reports to parents, purpose of committee report on, 267; uniformity, 267; ehiectives, 267-268; defi- ciencies of traditional marks, 268-269; guiding princi- ples for use of schools, 267-271; illustrative forms of cards, 271-273; bibliography, 338-340. Teaching, importance to nation’s welfare, 137, 158; tangi ble rewards, 138; intangible rewards, 138, 156; product deferred, 158. Teaching profession, erage salary of members, 151, Tobacco, expenditures for, 48; yielded by five percent tax on tax, 48, 49, 50, 51 Township, unit of school support, 32, 138. Trade unions. See, Union workers. Training of teachers, pre-war, 135; need of better, 136; standards of adequate, 138; and specifications of salary schedules, 162, 163, 164. Trabue, M. R., report by, 267-273. number of members, 139, 151; aver- 155; status, 155. revenue that would be expenditures for, 48; Union workers, average earnings, 134, 149, 154, 155, 211; average hourly wage rate, 149; average number of hours in full-time week, 149. United States Bureau of Education, contribution to devel- opment of financial records, 233; importance of statisti- cal data contained in _ reports of state school systems, 287; list of items included in form for state reports, 287; general statistics included in reports of state school systems, 287, 289-300; financial statistics contained im reports of state school systems, 287, 297-298, 300-303; other data of value contained in reports of state school systems, 288, 303; form for reports of state school sys- tems, 290-297; personnel statistics of reports of city school systems, 303, 310-311; fiscal statistics of reports of city school systems, 303, 311-315; forms for reports of city school systems, 304-310, 316-322. United States Bureau of Internal Revenue, 148. United States Government employees, salaries, 149, 150, 155. United States Treasury Department, 20, 46. United States Government employees, salaries, 149, 150, 155; duties and qualifications, 150. Universities and colleges. See, Higher education. Vocational education, Directors of. See, Supervisory officers. Wages, average, of union workers, 134, 149, 154, 155, 211; pre-war, of unskilled and semi-skilled workers, 135; average, of unskilled and semi-skilled workers, 136; in- crease in, since 1913, 136, 173, 175, 179, 208; average hourly rates of union workers, 149; average weekly, in manufacturing industries, 149; average annual, in manufacturing industries, 149, 155, 176, 177, 178, 210; of unskilled labor as a criterion for fixing rates of sal- ary schedules, 168; composite index of, 173, 178; index of, 175, 177; imcrease in, compared with increase in teachers’ salaries, 180. Wall Street, Magazine of, quoted, 166. Wealth, measure of state’s economic power, 7, 9; com- pared with school costs as a measure of state’s effort to support education, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 24, 28; value of tangible, of states, 10, 218, 219; per child in Alabama, 32; per child in rich and poor local communities, 32. Williams, J. F., health record recommended by, 256-25 Wholesale prices, index of, 168, x Wood, Ben D., revision of cumulative record form, 252. Wood, Thomas D., estimate of percent of children suffer- i from physical defects, 201 Woolley, Helen T., psychological clinic records developed by, 260. Wright, Frank W., report by, 287-288. Year, School, length of, 221. [ 350]