GOR yodicaAl —, PER AL LIBRAR 7 109 guy. oF ted Te TOUrnad L oir NATIONAL EDUGYTION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES 5 A SER ES A | bat ee ee HIGH above the historic Hudson River swings this “STORM AFTERMATH” graceful suspension bridge, connecting upper Manhat- A photograph of the George Washington tan with the Palisades of New Jersey. It is one of many inspiring views awaiting teachers who attend the NEA Bridge by Lawrence Ulshen, New York City Convention in New York City, June 26-30 For program, see pages 148-51 May 1 93 8 4 THE ROAD TO SAFETY New Buckley—White—Adams—Silvernale THis new series, centered around the following eight main topics, provides for the elementary grades an impressive and comprehen- Light-Book sive course in Safety Education. The books are the outgrowth of the distinguished work done by the authors in the schools in and around Cleveland for the past Sories 12 years. They are filled with realistic, absorbing stories and richly illustrated in color. THE EIGHT MAIN TOPICS Cn School Safety Fire Prevention Street Safety Home Safety SAFETY First Aid Safety in Out-of-Doors Vacation Safety Winter Safety EDUCATION THE TITLES OF THE BOOKS Away We Go Happy Times In Storm and Sunshine In Town and Country Here and There Around the Year On Land and Water Who Travels There? * To be accompanied by Workbooks and Manuals AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY New York Cincinnati Chicago GOALS IN SPELLING Here is a series of text-workbook Spellers that blazes a new trail all its own in the teaching of Spelling. GOALS IN SPELLING provides both the method and the materials for reaching the following vital objectives: @ Spell each word correctly and automatically. @ Pronounce each word clearly and accurately. @ Know the meaning of each word. @ Use each word correctly. Definite provision is made in the primary grades for solving difficulties in word recognition, in letter forma- tion, and in the association of print with either cursive script or manuscript writing. There is a book for each grade from two through eight. If you are considering a change in your Spelling program, please write us for examination copies of these books. WEBSTER PUBLISHING CO. 1808 WASHINGTON AVENUE ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Atlanta Dallas San Francisco Announcin [ov A New Chemistry Text NEW AUTHORSHIP—B. S. HOPKINS, University of Illinois, Department of Chemistry, Urbana, IIli- nois; G. M. BRADBURY, The High School, Mont- clair, New Jersey; R. E. DAVIS, Head of Chemistry Department, Lane High School, Chicago, Illinois; M. V. McGILL, Lorain High School, Lorain, Ohio; H. R. SMITH, Head of Chemistry Department, Lake- view High School, Chicago, Illinois. NEW PEDAGOGY—Here is a new chemistry text that presents the subject in a step-by-step manner—start- ing in with easy concepts and building logically until the more difficult concepts are reached. This is the first time that any chemistry text has attempted this procedure. NEW EMPHASIS—Emphasis is given to everyday life activities and to the interests of pupils. Principles of chemistry are stressed. NEW PRESENTATION—Here is a text that is inter- esting alike to the pupil and to the teacher. It makes chemistry a living, teachable subject. PUBLICATION DATE—June 30. If you are planning to change chemistry texts this year be sure to delay your selection until you have had an opportunity of investigating this new type of chemistry text. LYONS AND CARNAHAN Chicago Dallas San Francisco Atlanta New York | Bei i N O have Pupil \ realiz ested have by ha of gre the c under where of all wortl sible, least It we careel perm sions, of pu ress, | and s to su teach his p siona grow knov never didn’ } who is ke with T Si Section VOL ee ete a ame Between Edztor and Reader NE OF THE PRIVILEGES of being a teacher is O to keep track of one’s students after they have passed from under his immediate care. Pupils are benefited and often inspired by the realization that the teacher is enough inter- ested in their growth to follow them after they have left his classes. The teacher is benefited by having an opportunity to see the process of growth and its influence on various traits in the child’s character. It is not always easy under city conditions or even in the country where teachers move frequently, to keep track of all pupils. If this cannot be done, it is still worthwhile to keep track of as many as pos- sible, choosing some of the best, some of the kast promising, and some of average ability. It would be well if at the beginning of his career every teacher would buy a substantial permanent ledger with alphabetical subdivi- sions, writing in from time to time the names of pupils, notes about their needs, their prog- ress, their new addresses, contacts with them, and suggestions made to them. Time devoted to such effort is so well spent that every teacher may well consider it a regular part of his professional endeavor. Beyond its profes- sional value is a human significance which grows richer with every passing year. I have known many consecrated teachers and I have never talked with one about his life who didn’t speak with pleasure of particular pupils who had done well. Blessed is the teacher who is kept ever young by a host of friendships with new life and leadership! True worth is in being, not seeming; In doing, each day that goes by, Some little good—not in dreaming Of great things to do by and by. For whatever men say in blindness, And spite of the fancies of youth, There’s nothing so kingly as kindness, And nothing so royal as truth. —From Nobility by Alice Cary. The Journal goes to all members of the National Education Association The payment of $2 active membership dues entitles a member to attend all meetings of the Association and its departments, to vote for delegates to the Representative Assembly, to hold office, and to receive THE JOURNAL. The payment of $5 instead of $2 entitles an active member, in addition to the privileges of the $2 member- ship, to receive the Research Bulletins and the Annual Volume of Addresses and Proceedings. The payment of $100 gives the priv ileges of the $5 active membership for life. Subscription to non members is $2 per year; single copies, 25 cents. Advertising rates % application. Please report at once any change of address, giving old as well as new address. THE JOURNAL is a member of the Educational Press Association of America, Published monthly, except June, July, and August, by the National Education Association of the United States, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, | C. Entered as second-class matter October 23, 1920, at the ys evn at Washington, D. C., under the act of August 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in ‘ection 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 26, 1921. VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; MAY 1938 NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES JOY ELMER MORGAN, Editor H. A. ALLAN, Business Manager VOLUME 27 NUMBER 5 CONTENTS FOR MAY 1938 South Carolina Takes the Lead . . ....... The New Federal Aid Bill A Visit to the White House . Developing Esthetic Intelligence thru Flower Arrangement - EDITORIAL 129 HOWARD A. DAWSON 130 CAROLINE S. WOODRUFF I2I FLORENCE W. RAGUSE 133 “It’s Fun To Be Intelligent” . ALEX DESOTO 134 Gaining Background for Teaching . LILLIAN GRAY 136 The National Honor Society . C.C. HARVEY 138 Henry Barnard, a Hero of Civilization RALPH C. JENKINS 139 The American Guide in the Schools . . . . .... 5... 140 I Like the Junior College Planning for American Education Week HARRY E. TYLER 142 LYLE W. ASHBY 143 Vacation—Profit or Loss? . ELEANOR CRAVEN FISHBURN 144 Ribot Goatees cc 4 Ariss + eet le Elementary-School Service ‘ 146 A New Calendar fora New World . . . HOES Es. « Ee cn ee The Road to Peace World Citizens CAROLINE S. WOODRUFF 150 Thee New: Neiks City Pregrein:, ~jaale wre: ieee BELMONT FARLEY 148 51 The NEA Director—A State and National aie bc oe lee Recommendations for Recodification of the Bylaws R 153 Proposed Amendments to NEA Bylaws mia) a (954 The Status of Tenure Legislation DONALD DU SHANE 155 Saiepuarding “Teateers Salaries wk e.g Feu Dhaak Thetis Masnetan <4. acaiisis [oaiicas s FR Oe Second Annual Conference on Elementary Education. . . . . . 157 Notes and Amnowhcements Se... a Learning To Be Professional Eiee abel’ > oltaent 25 SULA ee Beomer ROM GE tE INEA . ... . + + ¢ «ce se eee The articles herein printed are the expressions of the writers and not a statement of policy of the Association unless set by resolution Published by the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION of the UNITED STATES 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. CAROLINE S. WOODRUFF, President WILLARD E. GIVENS, Executive Secretary J. W. CRABTREE, Secretary-emeritus Directors of Divisions Mary J. Winfree ..H. A. Allan Agnes Winn Charl Ormond Williams T. D. Martin Accounts & Records Business . Classroom Service Field Service Membership Publications........ Research Associate Director Rural Service Secretary’s Office Joy Elmer Morgan William G. Carr Frank W. Hubbard Howard A. Dawson Harriett M. Chase Secretaries of Departments Located at NEA Headquarters Deans of Women Kathryn G. Heath Elem. School Principals. ...Eva G. Pinkston Secondary School Principals School Administrators S. D. Shankland Supvrs. & Dirs. of Instr. Mary F. Hazell Director, Discussion Group Project Walter E. Myer [J SCHOOL NEWSPAPERS ARE INVITED TO CONNECT WITH A POWERHOUSE OF IDEAS Here’s a message with meat in it for every school which now issues or plans to issue a school newspaper. You doubt- less know that such publications have been fostered by a simple, graphic, and inexpensive method of stencil printing — the Mimeograph Process. Now we are taking a forward step in providing organized assistance for pupils in the handling of school newspapers. This is not a lip service but a genuine and wholehearted measure of cooperation with a clearinghouse angle. This added benefit is offered at no cost to the school. It is good business for us to do it because schools are among our most valued customers. Space does not permit of telling here the details of this newly created aid for school newspapers. But per- haps you owe it to yourself and your pupils to find out all about it. A postcard will bring complete information and your copy of a crisp, new folder entitled, ‘A National Service for School Publications.” Please address Educational Department, A. B. Dick Company, Chicago. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATIO: E es és 4 for ECONOMY’S sake Specify: ALPHA DUSTLESS CRAYON EASY TO WRITE WITH EASY TO ERASE ACTUALLY GOOD FOR BLACK. | BOARDS FOUR 36-STICK BOXES FOR CON- VENIENCE AND ECONOMY ONLY ALPHA IS AVAILABLE IN a QUARTER-PAK COSTS NO MORE THAN CONVENTIONAL CRAYON IN METAL TheSensation of 16mm.PROJECTION in MODERN SCHOOLS See it — Hear it— Price it Many new surprising, exclusive features that make a HOLMES the most practical and convenient rojector ever devised. Don’t ake Our Word for It. Check the mechanical specifications in our catalog with any projector costing up to double our and COSTELLO DOUBLE SEWED ERASER NEW LOW PRICE ECONOMICAL EFFICIENT -NOISELESS COMFORTABLE TO USE EASY TO CLEAN Samples on request to 4 ne, hes ‘ BON SPREADING — y rem om . moat Lae WEBER COSTELLO CO. UFACTURERS CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL. STHE «2 1S QUICKER y Interchangeable Units. TH AN THE Projector and amplifier d shown above in position for sound on film projec-. ---Teach With tion— 10 seconds and speaker can be locked to PICTUROLS and Speed Up Learning! ‘When facts of History, Chemistry, Primary Reading essons, Geography and other subjects are illus- a with PICTUROLS, students “‘see” and under- stand. e individual views on each Picturol are pro- jected onto a wall or screen by a S. V. E. Projector, of which there are many styles including the new Tri-Purpose unit, which shows single and double frame film- slides and natural color film frames mounted in 2” x 2” glass slides. Write for S.V.E. Pic- turol and Projector cata- logs. ~¥ , ¢ DEPT. 5 NEA, 327 S O&'TH LA SALLE STREET CHICA GO, SLLINOIS Society For Vi suAt EDUCATION, INC. W- (anu facturers, Produce. 3 and Distributors of Visual Aids | OLUME 27, NUMBER 535, MAY 1938 amplifier for use with turn- table or microphone. One or more speakers or micro- phone may be used for very large audiences or athletic fields. Speaker. amplifier and projector to-- tal weight only 60 lbs. Write for full details and specifications HOLMES PROJECTOR CO. 1815 Orchard St., CHICAGO Fine | _—— || Asso | OREGON SUMMER SESSIONS | | ' | | OREGON STATE COLLEGE, Corvallis w Fe | PORTLAND SESSION, Portland quarte UNIVERSITY OF OREGON, Eugene page I | INSTITUTE OF MARINE BIOLOGY, Coos Head mittee | Oregon Normal School, Monmouth | Associ Southern Oregon Normal School, Ashland | follow panydige Eastern Oregon Normal School, La Grande -* Combine profitable summer ; ; CES, * study with healthful recrea- First Session, University, College, and Portland, June lic rel tion in Minneapolis, gateway 20—July 29; Normal Schools, June 6—July 15. Second | | and r to the famous “Land of 10,000 Sessions, University, August 1—August 26; College, ||“. . August 1—September 2; Normal Schools, July 18— c1atio! Lakes.” Lakes, parks, muse- August 19 ums, art centers, concerts, theaters, and famous summer : ing ™ resorts afford varied entertainment. GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE WORK to pa’ CHOOSE FROM 700 COURSES IN A COOL AND REFRESHING CLIMATE Memb: : : BETWEEN THE MOUNTAINS AND THE SEA $ 00.0 Leading to Baccalaureate or Advanced Degrees in Edu- rsd . -"} cation—including Educational Interpretation, Guidance, Lakes, ocean, forests, and streams within daily reach a Radio in Education, Visual Aids, Social Studies, Physical The following publications will be issued: — Education and Coaching School, Demonstration School, Bulletins 125° . . . . : 0.0 Speech, Play-Production, Music, Painting, Sculpture, and Se ey Sunenee eptateee ten a : over 600 other courses. Da State —— we « regon Se) 3 ummer cat u 200.4 FACULTY OF 350 Portland Session “loreal tae al, ® including men and women of na- Leaflets 250.4 tional and international reputation. Destitingsy, snneuneament a leaflet " a 7 : ) arine Biology leaflet ibrary leaflet “1° TWO TERMS Write for Complete Bulletin Special Education leaflet Industrial end leaflet 300.4 June 13—July 22 Abies ome Economics — ay Coaching School leaflet nae aw School leaflet a July 25—Aug. 26 Director of Summer Sessions : 350° 243 Administration Bldg. For bulletins and leaflets, address 375. | Alfred Powers, Director of Summer Sessions, 4oo. State System of Higher Education 425 814 Oregon Building, Portland, Oregon 450 Authorized by 47 State Board of Higher Education 500 | hve itcntnieteneiiinninn — i — 525. 550. yon 575: | Cont. from page 158| consumers’ coopera- “[3] A department of propaganda analysis. to consumers, 78 percent going for profit | __ tive which entitles you to buy books thru “[4] Another department to teach people the and expenses. For the country as a whole Wo it indefinitely and to receive the annual re tachnie AF -aennenaas. 58 percent went for profit and expens ‘ Sores y ee ‘ 2 “f5] A department to teach cultural perspective. ? I See : Po ae ae” ie funds on savings. Each member receives a ¢ is important that the individual knows where he which is far too high. he 1 regular monthly periodical, Reader’s Ob- _ stands in the whole course of history—to study his- aw server, and enjoys the opportunity of buy- tory backward, to see how we got to be the kind W orld Education low ing special books at wholesale prices. The ° People we are. . accc ot : ¢ THE WORLD FEDERATION OF EDUCATION money you spend for carefully selected Th b d ae ts ner bheoindl reading is probably the best investment e task of toda) ee onic eT sl taps FP with the May issue of World Education, ,; m o Ps the sense of value rom official publication of that organization, ~ oroperty to humanity. ‘ ' : “Americans Are Individually In- aes ev President Paul Monroe will assume active | , telligent and Collectively Dumb” The National Congress of Parents editorship. The size of the periodical will , y be increased. of vy Tuis ts the assertion of Harry O. Over- and Teachers Dp: street, chairman of the philosophy depart- +” More THAN TWO MILLION PEOPLE in 26,- Horace Mann Schools te > ~ > " > ‘ 7 c y 4 ° . ( ment, College of the City of New York, 000 local parent-teacher associations work sv Missourt—Construction has begun on : before a Town Hall audience in Washing- i Jati “ ss of Par- % ony ae | e ; audience in V ashing- together in the National Congress of Pal . Qe Bhemee: Mond Laboratory School at | Cur ton, D. C. Dr. Overstreet forecast “the com- ents and Teachers, whose offices are in the the Northwest Missouri State Teachers N — : new Horace m5 w ee a nate NEA headquarters building; Washington, College, Maryville, Mo. The building, for |< P . en wea ‘ee D. C. The 42nd annual convention Of which the Misssun legislature appropri- where to he i NC . . ey, ‘ : . 1 p people meet their social an NCPT will be in Salt Lake City, Utah, aq $240,000 during the last session, will | « economic problems on a collective and co- May 15-20. . E op > house the college nursery school, kinder- | °™ operative basis.” There would be at least ott sleet: sain’ or high y five different departments of this insti: The High Cost of Fire Insurance sty ree 4 on emery . E : sc - 4A Lorado Lait placque of Fiorace | fy, tution: T a ' ‘ ; w THE SS who govern the Mann will have a prominent place in the r “[1] A department of social understanding, to District of Columbia are asking Congress foyer of the building. Ga learn about conditions that affect us all, taxation, for legislation to empower the Superin- : currency, and soon. = _ tendent of Insurance to control rates on fire yy” Uran—The Horace Mann Highschool My [2] A department of criminal research. It is . ae tn the District. Betw f Salt Lake Ci a {arch most important to know the insidious criminal /S¥fance written in the District. Between of Salt Lake City was dedicated on Marc ) enterprises that go on without our being able to 1932 and 1936 in the District only 22 per- 25, 1938. Does your community have a | % detect them. cent of each insurance dollar was returned school named in honor of Horace Mann? ve [ A-06 | THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION TION ning tion, tion, ctive will n on ol at chers , for opri- will nder- high orace 1 the chool farch ve a ann? TION | Funk, Jacob. War Versus Peace. Fine W ork by Hawaii Education Association sy Few THINGS that come to NEA head- quarters are more impressive than the 107- page mimeographed book of Annual Com- mittee Reports of the Hawaii Education Association, including statements by the following committees: Educational poli- cies, legislative, constitution revision, pub- lic relations, finance, social-economic plans, and retirement system. The Hawaii Asso- ciation has an interesting plan of arrang- ing membership dues on the basis of ability to pay. The dues for 1938-39 are: Member’s monthly income Annual dues $00.00 to $ 49.99 $ .50 50.00 to 99.99 1,00 100.00 to 124.99 2.50 125.00 tO 149.99 3.00 150.00 to 174.99 3-50 175.00 to 199.99 4.00 200.00 tO 224.99 4.50 225.00 to 249.99 5.00 250.00 to 274-99 5.50 275.00 to 299.99 6.00 300.00 to 324.99 6.50 225.00 to 349.99 7 00 350.00 to 374.99 7.50 375.00 to 399.99 &.00 400.00 to 424.99 . 8.50 $25.00 to 449.99 9.00 450.00 to 474.99 9.50 475.00 to 499.99 10.00 500.00 to 524.99 10.50 525.00 to 549.99 11.00 550.00 to 574.99 11.50 575.00 to 599.99 12.00 World Goodwill Day, May 18 vy “THE ROAD TO PEACE” on page 148 will be useful to schools in their preparation of a World Goodwill Day program. The fol- lowing bibliography has been prepared to accompany the article: Allen, Devere. Fight for Peace. New York: Mac- millan Co. 1930. 740p. Beale, A. C. History of Peace. New York: Lincoln MacVeagh, Dial Press. 355p. Boeckel, Florence Brewer. Between War and Peace. New York: Macmillan Co. 1928. 591p. League of Nations, World Court, International Law Esp. p198-277; Monroe Doctrine p334 ff. 1... Progress of the Centuries Toward World Organization. Washington, D. C.: National Council for Prevention of War. 1927. 23p. Curti, Merle Eugene. Bryan and World Peace. Northampton, Mass.: Department of History of Smith College. Smith College Studies in History. Vol. XVI, No. 3-4. April-July, 1931. p113-262. ++. . Peace or War, 1636-1936. New York: Nor- ton. 374p. Encyclopaedia Britannica. New Allen Co. Ninth Edition. Vol. Esp. p590-9I1. 1936. York: Henry G. 23. Truce of God Elain, Ill.: Breth- ren Publishing House. 1910. 175p. Cf. p1o7 fi. Galpin, William F. Pioneering for Peace. Syracuse: Syracuse Univ. 1933. 237p. Myers, D. P. Handbook of League of Nations. New York: World Peace Foundation. 1935. 388p. Newfang, Oscar. Road to [Cont. on page A-98] > VOLUME 27, The NATIONAL ASSOCIATION of TEACHERS AGENCIES A national organization for the clarifying, standardization and improving of teacher place- ment procedure in the interests of education. Recognized and recommended by leading educators For complete list of members write Secretary, 533 Genesee Blidg., Rochester, N. Y. ALBERT Teachers’ Agency 25 E. Jackson Bivd. Chicago, Ill. Reynolds in September and through the new school year. Perry Picture next month, at close of school. The slightly rough paper, are especially attractive TWO CENTS EACH for 30 or more, assorted as desired. subjects. A smaller size, ONE CENT EACH for 60 or more. Extra Size, 10 x 12, TEN CENTS EACH for 6 or more. Miniature 60 cents’ subjects, FREE, to teachers giving name and school. PERRY PICTURES CATALOGUE of 1600 small illustrations, 64 pages, for 15 cents in coin or stamps. Established 1885. Good increase in 1937 placements; vacancies doubled. Strong demand for Home Eco- nomics, $1200 to $3600; Elementary, city and choice suburban; Grade Supervisors; Critics for Normals; Physical Education (women) supply inadequate. Com- merce, Music, Art. Send for folder today. NATA Cor. Agencies: 535-5th Ave., N.Y. Hyde Bldg., Spokane, Wash. LOOK AHEAD! Plan now to use ‘The Perr Pictures Give each pupil a beautiful *‘Boston Edition’, on page 514 x 8, and in Sepia (brown) And they eost only Postpaid, 2250 and or 3 x 3%, not in the “Boston Edition.” 1000 subjects. Colored Pictures. worth or more. ONE CENT and TWO CENTS EACH for 400 subjects. Ask for a sample and lists of Send for it today. The Perry Pictures Company Box 4, Malden, Massachusetts AWARDED Four GoLp MEDALS You HAVEN’T SEEN NEW YORK UNTIL YOU'VE SEEN Rockefeller Center * ROCKEFELLER CENTER OBSERVATION NUMBER 53 MAY 1938 * Be sure to visit the internation- ally famous "City of Buildings* the world’s largest privately owned building development GUIDED TOUR Chief points of interest, including 70-story Observation Roofs . . $1 OBSERVATION ROOFS Over 1-6 mile high afford thrilling view of city and vicinity 40¢ SKY GARDEN TOUR Beautiful landscaped rooftops. The famous Sky Gardens 50¢ NBC STUDIO TOUR Behind the scenes of modern radio broadcasting ‘ Including Tax 55¢ “HALL OF MOTION” The mysteries of science revealed 25¢ Inquire Information Desks or write Rockefeller Center Observation Roofs, R. C. A. Building, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New Yor City, N. Y. ROOFS x at the push of a button [ A-97 | NPEGHAL RATES FOR COLUMBIA SUMMER SESSION If you are attending Columbia University summer school this year you can enjoy comfort and convenience—at special rates. For many seasons now Hotel Whitehall has been the preferred choice of summer school stu- dents. So close is the hotel to the campus and so outstanding are its numerous advantages that even now we have many reser- vations from students who stayed here previous summers. It is ad- visable to make EARLY reser- vations. Every Whitehall room is outside and has a bathroom with tub and shower. The special rates for the entire six weeks session (July 6 through Aug. 13) are ONE ROOM $70. for one person ~ 45. each—for two persons (Studio Couches or Twin Beds) TWO ROOM SUITES $55. each for two persons 40. each for three persons 35. each for four persons TWO ROOM WITH KITCHENETTES $70. each for two persons 50. each for three persons (Hotel does not supply kitchen china, table linen, silver, etc.) There are NO “‘extra’”’ charges. HOTEL WHITEHALL BROADWAY AT 100th ST. NEW YORK CITY FREDERICK C. HALL Manager [ A-98 | | Cont. from page A-97| World Peace, New York: | G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 1924. 372p. International Law Esp. Ch. Ill. p2o ff. Perris, George Herbert. Short History of War and Peace. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 1911. 256p. Phillips, Walter A. Confederation of Europe. New York: Longmans, Green and Co. 1920. 320p. Holy Alliance Esp. Pt. IV. Scott, James Brown. Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press. 1909. 2 vol. Trueblood, Benjamin F. Development of the Peace Idea. Boston: Plimpton Press. 1932. 243p. Esp. pi-35. Pax Romana p7 ff; Truce of God p14 ff; Hugo Grotius p17 ff; Hague Conferences p123 ff. Turner, Tell A. Causes of War. Boston: Marshall Jones Co. 1927. 228p. (Causes of wars from battle of Spanish Armada, 1588, to World War 1914-18) Vreeland, Hamilton. Hugo Grotius. London: Ox- ford University Press. (American Branch, 114 5th Ave. N.Y.) 1917. Watkins, Arthur C. Story of the Paris Pact. Wash- ington, D.C.: National Capital Press. 1934. 149p. White, Andrew Dickson. First Hague Conference. Washington, D. C.; American Peace Society. 1905. | Henry Barnard: An Introduction y¢ Tuis 1s THE TITLE of a biography of this great educator which should be in the pos- session of every teacher. The authors are Ralph C. Jenkins and Gertrude Chandler Warner; the publisher, the Connecticut State Teachers Association in Hartford; the price, 25c. Dr. Jenkins is the author of the article on page 139 of this issue. Financing Public Education in West Virginia yy THE CLASSROOM TEACHERS ASSOCIATION of West Virginia has recently issued an admirable bulletin on Financing of Public Education in West Virginia by Dr. Robert D. Baldwin, professor of education, West Virginia University. The bulletin presents a careful analysis of the present plan of raising and spending revenues for public education in that state. It is intended to be used as a source of information for discus- sion groups both lay and _ professional. Dr. Baldwin points out desirable changes needed in the state’s revenue system, and the principal weaknesses in the plan now used for distributing state funds to local school units. He has made an especially forceful case for state uniformity in the assessment of property for taxation pur- poses and for the desirability of greater leeway in levying local taxes for improving the educational program beyond the mini- mum guaranteed by the state. This effort to bring about an intelligent understand- ing of tax problems thru public discussion is to be commended. 2 BLOCKS . East of ' GRAND CENTRAL STATION Outside rooms with private bath, tub and shower, Colonial Maple furni- ture, Venetian Blinds, innerspring mattresses and comfortable chairs. SINGLE FROM *) DOUBLE from $3 Also weekly and monthly rates Private Parks and Tennis Courts in Tudor City available to guests HOTEL nd Or IN BEAUTIFUL TUDOR CITY tana st. NEW YORK See the HUDSON It’s packed with History and Legends! When you visit New York for the N. E. A. Convention, or dur- ing yourvacation, DON’T MISS THE WONDERFUL HUDSON! It may be the most important travel day of your entire summer. NATURE used her most spectacular materials to build the Palisades and the Highlands. HIS- TORY has lent interest to almost every mile ofa Day Line Steamer Trip. LEGENDS of Rip Van Winkle andthe Headless Horseman are cradled in the Hudson Valley. FREE ---A MAP of the HUDSON We will gladly send to each teacher, on request, a map showing sights and historical places along the Hudson; also details and time-table of Day Line Steamer Service. Daily Service including Sundays—May 26th to September 24th. Hudson River Day Line (Dept. 85) West 42nd Street Pier New York, N. Y. NOTE: Through rail tickets accepted from Albany t@ | New York and from New York to Albany. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION —the 1 Times west, b for its of econ A GEOGRAPHY LESSON every one should know —the most home-like hotel in New York is the Hotel Times Square, bounded on the north, east, south and west, by everything worth seeing and doing—unexcelled for its food—renowned for its friendly service—a gem of economy ($2 single, $3 double). HOTEL TIMES SQUARE 43d Street West of Broadway, New York EUROPE, MEDITERRANEAN, HOLY LAND The summer tour supreme—56 glorious days, 3 continents, is countries and islands. Travel with congenial companions on the most popular summer cruise ever offered. Espe- cially appealing to teachers and educators. ALL EXPENSES *640 Por full information write to DR. W. L. BENNETT, Tour Conductor, Sylvania Avenue and Jackman Road, Toledo, io. Bestereopticon $23.00 Write For Trial Offer BEST SALES SERVICE 217FilmBuilding Cleveland, Ohio Make Your Own Slides on Your ea Typewriter—use— : RADIO MATS Write for free sample RADIO-MAT SLIDE Cco., INC 1819 Broadway Dept. E New York, N. Y. Talk from your screen with quickly TYPEWRITTEN a MESSAGES 50 Radio-Mats $1.50 I White, Amber, Green Ez Accept no substitute Travel under official auspices of _THE WORLD FEDERATION | OF | EDUCATION ASSOCIATIONS A world-wide Federation of National Educa- tion Associations through which teachers of the world are brought together to exchange ideas and work towards a definite program for international good will . . . Take advantage of the services of the World Federation of Education Associations Travel Bureau, Inc., organized through the cooper- ation and under the expert supervision of a com- | mittee of idealistic trave! experts from all lines | of travel, to help teachers travel economically, comfortably and provide contacts with worth- while educational and cultural groups in other | countries in the interest of better international understanding. Send for next summer's travel program and in- formation on the many other activities of the World Federation of Education Associations. Address Dr. Uel W. Lamkin, Secretary-General, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. True Heroism yy Tue services of teachers too often go unheralded, but the courageous action of Kansas teachers during the devastating tor- nadoes which recently swept the state de- serve special tribute. Eighteen-year-old Virginia Sappington, teaching her first school this year (Piety Hill rural school, Chetopa, Kansas), saved the lives of her twenty-one pupils as the black funnel of a cyclone lashed across the fields in their direction. Knowing that the children would have no chance of surviv- ing if they did not have something to hold on to, Miss Sappington marshalled the children into an orderly column and or- dered them to run for the ditch, lie in it, and hold to the hedge roots with all their strength. With the full force of the storm upon them, the teacher crawled nearly twenty feet in the mud and rain and dark- ness to make sure of their comparative safety, injuring her hand and arm slightly. A second twister followed the first. The school building was demolished but all twenty-one of Miss Sappington’s charges were safe. In the same storm, 110 school children in the town of Columbus, Kansas, were saved when teachers and the school jani- tor crowded them from classrooms into the corridors before the twister crushed the outside walls of the building. The American Association of School Administrators vy The theme of the Seventeenth Year- book of the American Association of School Administrators, a Department of the National Education Association of the United States, will be “Schools in Small Communities.” The yearbook will be ready for distribution at the 1939 winter meeting. The commission preparing this report recently held a three-day meeting at Chicago, with ten members in attendance. First drafts of practically all chapters were presented in mimeographed form. Each chapter was read aloud and careful notes were taken of all criticisms and sugges- tions in the light of which revisions are | to be made during the next few months. Classified List of Educational Periodicals s& THE FOURTEENTH YEARBOOK of the Edu- cational Press Association of America, which will be off the press the last of May, lists approximately 500 educational periodi- cals with editors, publication address, sub- scription price, under 34 classifications in- cluding journals issued by state education associations, local organizations, and state departments of [Cont. on page A-100| VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; MAY 1938 SAVE VACATION DAYS BY FLYING UNITED To Cileradn, Boulder Dam, Yellow- stone, Rainier, California, Alaska, Honolulu, and the Eastern U. S. CIRCLE TOURS ... OPTIONAL ROUTINGS. Ask about United’s circle tours to California, Pacific Northwest. Go one way; return another. See twice as much. Economical fares. "Vacation by Air"—send for interesting illustrated booklet on air service to the nation’s playgrounds, For this and all other air travel information, drop a post card to: United Air Lines, Dept. B1,221N.LaSalleStreet, Chicago, Ill., or call your local United office. If you are coming to the Con- vention in New York City, letthe | MANHATTAN PERSONAL GUIDE & SIGHTSEEING SERVICE | plan and secure your accommo- _ dations and arrange your sight- seeing schedule. Send for explanatory circular Manhattan Personal Guide & Sightseeing Service 509 Madison Avenue, New York City hk ERINCE GS Sth AVENUE at 28th STREET NEW YORK ALBURN M. GUTTERSON, Mer. a Where a Warm Welcome Awaits EDUCATORS Attending the N.E. A. CONVENTION * 1000 Rooms with Bath Single from $2.50—Double $3.50 [ A-go | UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT Summer [Cont. from page A-99| education. To secure the Yearbook, send 50¢ in cash o1 check to Educational Press Association, 1201 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. From a Journal Reader s& WE HAVE FELT for some time that we wanted to express our appreciation of the NEA student membership plan (see page 159) and the excellent content of Tue UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SUMMER SESSIONS BERKELEY and LOS ANGELES JUNE 27 to AUGUST 5 Wide choice—more than 260 courses, in 35 academic depart. ments, on either campus. Distinguished visitors. Morethan59 | courses in Education. Special lectures, recitals, drama, ath. letics. Mountains, a Redwoods and many other scenic points of interest near-by. For announcements of address: Dean of the Summer Session, University of Cali. fornia, Berkeley; or, Dean of the Summer Session, Univer. sity of California at Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Session At Burlington ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN July 5 to August 13 Graduate and undergraduate courses in Liberal JourNAL. Students at our college who were not preparing for teaching have seen THE JouRNAL on my desk and in the classroom and, after glancing thru the. table of con- tents, have asked for copies. New Commissioner of Education for Arkansas yx From the Arkansas State Department of Education comes the announcement Angeles, California. |] SCHOOL OF LIBRARY SCIENCE DREXEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY offers A Summer Course for School Librarians braries. JUNE 27 TO AUGUST 5 For information address: Dean of the Library School Drexet INstITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY gem Eaeeas ents haedeaedion ona | wat on April 16 T. H. Alford became Philadelphia, Pa. Engineering. Instruction in Art, Vocal Music, | Commissioner of Education for Arkansas. — — Organ, Piano, and Violin. Special School of | e - a Drama. Courses for Superintendents, Principals Mr. Alford, who succeeds W. E. Phipps, and Teachers. Excellent musical and dramatic ° : Gant Study ata programs. Delightful climate. Excursions on Lake | Was formerly superintendent of schools in | | a SA Somer tote Champlain, to the Green and White Mountains, 3 . . , ae 4 ae ~DecA ™“/ ental eed Gates | North Little Rock. In 1936-37 he was presi- | ( \ ( specializing in Write for illustrated Catalogue BENNETT C. Douc ass, Director Burlington, Vermont CANTON, CAMP SILVER BIRCHES, ¢AX7o" for discriminating women who love to combine rustic simplicity with modern convenience. Cabins with sanitary plumbing. Meals in central dining-room. Large recreation hall with great stone fire-place. Lovely lake with white sand beach. Swimming in- structor. 125 acres situated in the Oxford Hills. $18-$22.50 weekly. Booklet. Color Wheels $1.75 up Bestereopticon $23.00 Write today for complete information and folders BESY SALES SERVICE 217 Film Building Cleveland, Ohio Study in Comfort University of Denver | SUMMER SCHOOL Many special courses for teachers. Graduate and undergraduate work in Arts and Sciences, Commerce, «, Librarianship, Education. Fees determined by courses taken. ==: Enjoy cool, delightful week-ends in Cwo Cer ms SPOTLIGHT 5 dent of the state education association. Dr. Ryle To Be Inaugurated ve WaLTER H. RYLE will be inaugurated as the seventh president of the Northeast Mis- souri State Teachers College, Kirksville, on May 19. On the same day will be held dedicatory ceremonies at the laying of the cornerstone of the Baldwin Hall now being constructed. Dr. Ryle was appointed to the presidency following the death of Eugene Fair in August 1937, and has been serving during the present school year. The Educational Policies Commission | ¥y THE coMMIissIon participated in the Pennsylvania Schoolmen’s Week confer- ences early in April, one afternoon meeting being devoted to the work of the Commis- sion, as presented by Dr. William G. Carr, Secretary. Approximately two hundred teachers and administrators attended and took part in the discussion which followed. A luncheon for Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware Consultants to the Commis- sion was attended by thirty persons. yx THe commission held its semiannual meeting at Chicago, April 22-26. Several new statements of policy were approved by the Commission and will be published during the next two months. Community Service by a Rhythmic Expres- sion. A complete change. NOYES | FOLDER: Valerialadd, Hote!Winslow RHYTHM CAMP 45 East 55 St. New York City Complete education for teaching in elementary grades, kinder- garten and nursery school. Chil- (4 _ : Write for list of successful alumnae. National College of Education EDNA DEAN BAKER, PRES. BOX 816-E VERMONT SUMMER SCHOOL OF THE AMATEUR THEATRE Morrisville in the Highlands Workshop practice in everything a Teacher needs to know about Acting, Play Production, Puppetry Course of three weeks, July or August: $75 Good food, mountain climbing, swimming, golf, rest. For Folder address: Griswold Williams, Director | 16 Beacon Street Boston, Mass. mM Lemembe: MAKE UP WHEN YOU PLANA PLAY! Make-Up Secrets! for your fre © copy of “ys booklet on | | and Teachers in charge of School Li- | 52nd hool. C dren’s demonstration school and observation center. Special summer classes. Beautiful resident hall. Located Chicago's “~~ lovely North Shorenear lake. Cultural edu- cation plus vocational training. B.E. degree conferred also 3-year diploma and 2-year certificate. EVANSTON, ILL. the Colorado Rocki ° amen | Highschool |W. June 20 to July 22 & July 25 to Aug. 26 ! saccade | Ro DENVER | ¥¢ Hicuscnoots in Utah are utilizing their | 716 UNIVER SITY OF eran tlie debating activities for useful civic purposes. Kindly send me your Summer School Bulletin. For the past two years representatives ol | --- NAME participating highschools have attended a | Na Street & No. one-day session of a legislative assembly of cury } Ad City & State highschool students, held in the state capi- | I Ci | tol. In 1936 the ses- [ Cont. on page A-102 = | Vol | A-roo | THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION SUMMER SESSION Colorado College Dr. THURSTON J. DAVIES, President June 20 to July 29, 1938 LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE of the West offers graduate and undergraduate courses in Outdoor Sciences, Mathematics, History and the Social Sciences, _ including Education and Psychology, Language, Litera- ture and the Fine Arts, with emphasis on Drama, Music _and the Plastic Arts in conjunction with the Colorado _ Springs Fine Arts Center. | Course Subjects—Art Appreciation, Biography, Biology, Bot- | any, Chemistry, Design, Drama, Education, English Literature, | The Teaching of English, Economics, Econometrics, French, German, Geology, History, Mathematics, Painting, Physics, Psychology, Religion, Sociology, Social Relations of the Child, | Spanish, Music, Dance. Economics Seminars—Summer Art Course Those who attend Colorado College Summer Sessions will have opportunity to attend Seminars of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics | during four weeks from June 27th to July 22d. The Summer Sessions of the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center will be from June 27th to August 20th. Six Weeks of Cool Comfort in a Famed Scenic Setting Spend your summer vacation where living is enjoyable and | learning a pleasure—in the wonderful Pikes Peak region. | Rooms and meals in the College Halls and Dormitories for the six weeks, $60. Tuition, $40 for normal academic load of six — hours; $25 for four semester hours; $15 for two semester ours. | For information address Dr. Ralph J. Gilmore, Director, 105 amie Building, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, olo. ani | | f Feeeeess MOFFAT TUNNEL O"SAN FRANCISCC via the ROYAL GORGE or thru the MOFFAT TUNNEL @ Travel through the scenic splendor of the Colo- rado Rockies on your way to California this summer. Choose either of two glorious daylight routes—one through the spectacular Royal Gorge and over towering mountains via Tennessee Pass; the other through the famous 6-mile Moffat Tun- nel far below the snowy summit of the Continental Divide. Ride in luxurious, air-conditioned comfort. Enjoy this year’s many economy features. Unusually low vacation fares—economy meals served in coaches, chair and tourist cars—free pillows for coach passengers. ROUND TRIP FARES TO CALIFORNIA {Exclusive of sleeper fare} From St. Louis—Chicago Sights and Scenes For Standard Pullman travel $85.60 $90.30 For Tourist Pullman travel 74.00 CALI FORNIA- COLORADO For Coach or Chair Car travel 61.60 65.00 Correspondingly low fares from all other places Go to California over either of these magic day- light routes. From Chicago, the famous DENVER —will delight you with their memories until your next vacation—and longer. YOSEMITE - YELLOWSTONE + ROCKY ZEPHYR takes you to Denver, just et al- lowing a full sightseeing day in Denver with no loss MOUNTAIN - CARLSBAD CAVERNS of time enroute. Thence, through the Rockies, not The big four of western National Parks in one around them, on the circle trip via the de luxe Golden State Limited or SCENIC LIMITED or the the Economy-Luxury Californian Chicago to Cali- PANORAMIC to the Pa- fornia—Rocky Mountain Limited to Colorado—all cific-Coast. Or, convenient air-conditioned. Low Summer fares. “through” Pullman service Ask About Economy All-Expense Tours to from Chicago is provided Old Mexico, California and North Pacific by the ARISTOCRAT or Coast. Also to Colorado and Yellowstone. the OVERLAND EX- PRESS. From St. Louis, the COLORADO LIMITED. lw.s ' 1 LEAHY, Passenger Traffic Manager A. Cotsworth, Jr., Passenger Traffic Mer Rock Island Lines orli 4 We “i pp Station, Chicago, Ill. | Burlington Railroad, Dept. 1544 | | 547 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, Ill. Please send me complete information about: : : | | Please send me, without cost, illustrated booklets and full information about a trip to California via the ‘““‘Daylight Scenic Routes.” I as. cena casethsatevat athe hahha» ceut& ae | | | is as a eatin ec ae Bde eee ane | || Sity Ea ne TO eee ey es 2391-9 VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5 meAY IA 8 - TION /> 5» 3 [ A-ror | Vacation after your convention New York is the starting point of the grandest of all holidays . . . sea trips in great Cunard White Star liners... with the superb service, the care-free serenity and the brilliant entertain- ment that this oldest and largest At- lantic line has evolved from Britain's sea-tradition. Plan yours now! FRANCONIA NORTH CAPE CRUISE JULY 2 from New York in cooperation with Raymond- Whitcomb .. . to Iceland, North Cape, Nor- wegian Fjords, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Danzig, Denmark, France, England. Return sailing from England any time between Aug. 10 and Dec. 31 included in rates of $550 up. BRITANNIC 4th OF JULY WEEK-END CRUISE . in a splendid motorliner to cool Nova Scotia ... from New York Friday night (July 1), returning Tuesday morning (July 5)... 4 days for only $45 up. OTHER CRUISES... TRIPS TO EUROPE Right from New York Cunard White Star offers you the widest choice of transatlantic sailings . . . to France, England, Ireland or Scotland. Rates as low as $175 Cabin, $135 Tourist, $93.50 Third Class . . . 20% reduction on sabbatical leaves sailing Aug. 15 - Mar. 30. Other cruises, too . . . six others in July and August, 4 to 13 days, rates from $45 to $145. Your local agent or Cunard White Star, 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Ave., N. Y. THE BRITISH TRADITION DISTINGUISHES CUNARD WHITE STAR [ A-102 | |Cont. from page A-100] sion was de- voted to four amendments to the state con- stitution which were before the citizens of Utah. The assembly was held a week be- fore the state election, and oddly enough, the state vote followed the assembly vote. In 1937 the second assembly was called on questions the highschools themselves sub- mitted, questions representing local inter- ests in state policies. Some of the advan- tages of the legislative assembly over the tournament debate are that: [1] The attention of the student is focused on the problems of Utah; [2] his arguments are di- rected to securing a vote on a live and personal question; [3] his method of approach is based on a personal want that may be satisfied by his con- temporaries; [4] his reward goes back into accu- rate information for parents who have not the leisure the school affords for research. Citations for Outstanding Contri- butions to Educational Research s& THE COMMITTEE ON AWARDS of the American Educational Research Associa- tion announces the following awards for outstanding researches during the past year: In the field of mental development :—Bay- LEY, Nancy. Mental Growth During the First Three Years: A Developmental Study of Sixty-One Children by Repeated Tests. Genetic Psychology Monographs, Vol. 14, No. 1. Worcester, Mass.: Clark University Press, 1933. 92p. In the field of psychology of learning:— BRENNER, BENJAMIN. Effect of Immediate and Delayed Praise and Blame upon Learning and Re- call. Contributions to Education, No. 620. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1934. 52p. In the field of history of education:—Curti, MERLE. The Social Ideas of American Educators. Report of the Commission on the Social Studies, American Historical Association, Part X. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1935. 613p. Morison, SAMUEL ExioT. The Founding of Har- vard College. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univer- sity Press, 1935. 472p. Morison, SaMuEL Exior. Harvard College in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936. 2 vols. In the field of mental hygiene :—Jersivp, ArtHuR T., and Hoimes, Frances B. Children’s Fears. Child Development Monographs, No. 20. New York: Teachers College, Columbia Univer- sity, 1935. 356p. A Life of Service THE FOLLOWING EDITORIAL from the Minneapolis Journal for April 7 is a fine tribute to a classroom teacher. It reflects the spirit of many unknown teachers who each year pass to their reward: It would be impossible to enumerate the men and women, young and oldish, who count among the blessings of memory, gifted teachers whose councils and talents for imparting knowledge have contributed immeasurably to fostering right rela- tionships with the world about them. Give such a teacher forty years of educational association with the generations that pass thru highschool, r THE OPEN ROAD is forming 25 groups for travel this summer in EUROPE MEXICO SOVIET UNION You see how life is really lived —you meet the people—you travel with companions of your own mental age in a small in- | formal group—those things best || done together are done cooper- atively; otherwise you pursue your own interests—services and rates are generously inclusive. l Denmark, Sweden, Norway under leadership of Prof. Hartley W. |] Cross. Cities and countryside includ- | ing Norway's fjords and mountains. jf ! Study of cooperatives and folk schools. Sailing July 1. Back August 29. | Italy, Turkey, | Soviet Union and Germany || under leadership of Prof. Goodwin || Watson. A contrasting study of the jf psychology of social change. Sail- ff ing June 29. Back September 4. i Central and : Balkan Europe | Auspices Oneonta State Normal jf || School, Vienna, Budapest, || Venice, Geneva, Paris, plus several i weeks of Balkan peasant life and | | art. Sailing July 7. Back August 29. i Fourth Annual | | Travel Collective | in the Soviet Union | under leadership of Dr. Joshua | Kunitz. Leningrad, Moscow, Ukraine, Caucasus, Soviet Armenia, | Crimea. Sailing July 6. Back | September 1. Mexico : under leadership of Julien Bryan. More than a month in the cities and jj native villages. Sailing July 14. Back August 23. i ] | * i For information regarding itineraries social and cultural programs, rates, etc., on these or other trips, address: 8 W. 40th ST. NEW YORK | Cooperating in the Soviet Union with Intourist =_— THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION as Was L there is that abi dasses 1 then fo Sterrett not rote by far t as an a business the kne to then schools, admirir | Miss St Mis 1938, since take 2 Ford tr Fo garde of the Michi chairr report preset crops struct to the of art in he highs dens kengt sched garde Date Jur tors C lege f "Ju tation Jur Home Au qual For ii of the Jur Busin Busin Ju ing F tional St., D Nat Civ * 7 ENT! foru beer ers | in tl Adi Flor chai Vol js was the experience of Litiian J. STERRETT, and there is no measuring of the treasured memories that abide with those who have passed thru her dasses in mathematics, first in “Old Centra!” and then for thirty years in West Highschool. Miss Sterrett made algebra and geometry living subjects, got rote worriments over abstract problems. More by far than this, she viewed the teaching profession 4s an agency in preparing youth for the art and business of living, in which to apply intelligently the knowledge that she induced them to impart | to themselves. There are such teachers in most | shools, but few whose service can be counted so | aimiringly and gratefully as do the hundreds of | | Miss Sterrett’s former pupils. Miss Sterrett, who passed away April 3, 1938, had attended every NEA convention since 1923 and had influenced others to take a part in the Association’s work. Fordson Horticultural Gardens ty Four HUNDRED AND SEVENTY individual | garden plots are being planted by students | of the Fordson Public Schools, Dearborn, Michigan, this spring. Paul H. Jones, chairman of horticulture for these schools, reports that the philosophy underlying the presentation of gardening is that soil and tops are natural resources. Gardening in- struction is given in the junior highschool | to the seventh-grade students, a correlation | of art, mathematics, and science. A course | in horticulture is offered in the senior | highschool. During the summer the gar- | dens operate the same as a school for the kngth of the vacation period, with classes | scheduled five days a week. Demands for | gardening education have grown rapidly. Dates To Be Remembered June 9-11—Ninth Annual School Administra- tors Conference to be held at George Peabody Col- lege for Teachers, Nashville, Tenn. *June 26-30—Convention of the National Edu- tation Association. See p151. June 28-July 1—Meeting of the American Home Economics Association in Pittsburgh, Pa. August 7-19 and August 15-27—Second An- nual Cooperative Conference-Tour, Nova Scotia. For information write to the Cooperative Leaguc | of the U. S. A., 167 West 12th St., New York City. | June 30-July 1—Fifth Annual Conference on | Business Education to be held at the School of | Business, University of Chicago. June 30-July 3—Annual Conference on Print- ing Education. For information address the Na- tional Graphic Arts Education Guild, 719 15th St, N. W., Washington, D. C. National Council for Adult Civic Education ¥y THE NINETEEN SCHOOL SUPERINTEND- ENTs who had school-administered public to one's California basis vacation, does this gay,new economy train CAPITAN @ Twice weekly it streaks between Chicago and Los Angeles in just 3934 hours, does this gay new all-chair-car Santa Fe streamliner dedicated entirely to economy travel... Why, El Capitan travelers (even those living on the Atlantic seaboard) can enjoy 12 days in California within the limits of a 2-weeks’ vacation ! @ And the cost on this unique train? Just add a very small extra-fare (a maximum of $5) to the lowest existing coach fare! For example, the total one- way fare between Chicago and Los Angeles is $44.50; for the round trip, only $75! You'll like, too, the beauty, comfort and friendly service on El Capitan. There are deep-cushioned reclining chairs; large dress- ing rooms; carpeted aisles; broad windows; individual overhead lights; radio; free porter and registered courier-nurse service. And the cheery lunch counter-diner serves delicious low-cost Fred Harvey meals. One’s E/ Capitan trip is a vacation thrill in itself! SCOUT — DAILY ECONOMY TRAIN @ The Scout — Santa Fe’s popular transcon- tinental coach and tourist-sleeper economy train with mo extra fare — departs from Chi- cago, Kansas City, and Los Angeles every day. @ Swift, modern, air-conditioned, it carries a special car for women and children; a modern club car for tourist-sleeper passengers; a cheery Fred Harvey diner serving delicious 90c-a-day meals to all; and provides free porter and registered courier-nurse service. ONLY 3934-HOUR ALL-CHAIR-CAR TRANSCONTINENTAL STREAMLINER @ Mail this coupon for full details about El Capitan and Scout @ forums in their communities last year have been joined by more than a hundred lead- ets of civic and educational organizations in the formation of a National Council for Adult Civic Education. Superintendent Floyd B. Cox of Morgantown, W. Va., is chairman of the [Cont. on page A-104] T. B. Gallaher, P.T.M., Santa Fe System Lines 1179 Railway Exchange, Chicago, Illinois Send El Capitan; Scout; and California picture folders; and fares Glen clan dhctaacnstnesstnnctianiens encecenses lp hsssesascianvensenensbenesnenzensvenasrsunstgnttusnetntorneinSTTisiSussiSSisnsnStSSensiasssns EE I a A rE ee RT OEE ee I ii ciesynssisteis titi niiaaririaitiatealiialiaiaslasiainnremenenaniaiisitiiaiincenicntateninntinilimiaiainéi . 1938 IS A SANTA FE YEAR VOLUME 27, NUMBER 53; MAY 1938 | Cont. from page A-103| group. Informa- tion concerning the forum movement and the council’s program may be obtained by writing to the executive secretary of the National Council for Adult Civic Educa- tion, Ernest R. Bryan, 1201 16th St., NW., Washington, D. C. Turning War Debts into an Education Fund sy THE RECENT PROPOSAL of Herbert Hoo- ver that nations which borrowed from the United States after the World War pay their debts into a fund to be used for higher education, research, and exchange scholar- ships, recalls the proposal of John Finley a decade and a half ago that the international debt arising out of the war be converted into a perpetual trust fund for the educa- tion of thé children of the world. Dr. Fin- ley’s plan was discussed in THE JourNAL for December 1922. Such proposals are worth the serious consideration of educa- tors everywhere. A Letter from Helen Keller vv At THE ATLANTIC CITY CONVENTION of the American Association of School Ad- ministrators an honorary Life Membership in the National Education Association was presented to Helen Keller by President Caroline S. Woodruff. (See pages 105-06 in the April 1938 JourNAL.) President Woodruff has received the following letter from Miss Keller: “Dear Miss Woodruff: Gratefully I acknowledge the certificate which makes me a Life Member of the National Education Association. Not only is it an honor which I shall cherish; it is also a symbol of creation. As it was with the earth, so it is with the child--the beginning of creation is light. Divine truly is the teacher’s task to impart the light of knowledge, to replace the chaos in the young mind with orderly thinking and creative purpose. Yes, Polly and I hope we may see you again some sweet summer day and perhaps visit some of your friends in Vermont. With our united love, and with proud memories of the educators’ welcome in Atlantic City, I am, Cordially yours, Helen Keller” Vacation—Profit or Loss? yy THE FOLLOWING REFERENCES may be helpful in connection with this article on page 144: “The School Garden,” April 1937 JouRNAL, pi25 “Summer Activities for Children,” May 1937 JOURNAL, Pp149-50 “Play and Playmates,” April 1938 Child Study Magazine “The American Guide in the Schools,” p140-41 of this JouRNAL Department of Rural Education sy THE NAME OF CHLOE C. BALDRIDGE, di- rector of rural education, State Department of Public Instruction, Lincoln, Nebr., was inadvertently omitted from the list of off- cers for this Department which appeared in the April JourNAL. Epytu Lone, president of the Future Teachers Club of the Batesburg-Leesville Highschool, Bates- burg, S. C. Sytvia Bocostow, president of the Future Teachers Club of Walterboro, S. C. See page 129. Your Life in the Making yy “THE ENCLOsED money order for two dollars is to pay for 200 of the leaflets, ‘Your Life in the Making.’ They will be splendid little mementoes to give to ‘my seniors’ at their class day party in June. As their class adviser, I had been looking for something worthwhile, within my means, to give to the 162 young men and women in our June class. Some of the rest of the leaflets will be appropriate for mem- bers of a girls’ club I am sponsoring in my home neighborhood.”—A Camden, N. J., teacher. Sample copies of this leaflet may be had on request. The price is one cent each in ACTIVE MEMBER FOR LIFE we oor or or nrc cena cscs cscs ce se ee I this A pplication foday | —— eae ee The Life Membership Certificate of the National Education Association is a valued possession among educational leaders. It suggests a permanent interest in the teaching profession, an enthusiastic professional spirit. additional cost, the Journal, the Research Bulletins, and the annual Volume of Proceedings. payments of $10 each, puts this ideal membership within the reach of every true teacher. Mr. WILLARD E. GIVENS, Executive Secretary 1201 Sixteenth Street, Washington, D. C. Life Members receive for life, without The deferred payment plan, ten annual Dear Mr. Givens: Please enrol me as a Life Member of the National Education Association on the deferred payment plan—ten an- nual payments of $10 each. first payment. P Enclosed please find $8 or $5 balance due. of the NEA publications to me at the address indicated below. I understand that membership dues already paid for the current year, 1937-38, may be applied on the Kindly send my Life Membership certificate, card, pin and my copies an) cof or | As: con Adt pag at bus’ bee! Pric Hig of 5 mal rept coll don anc ent fres ent den rer seli spe stuc the gui coll con vat bel; anc scri gra bee Res soc safi siV ( tor tog No list tha tisi bec fro sea Bo we Ed ou rec of ge ed: sul Pri azi of Su are 25 to D. any quantity. No orders for less than 25 copies. Cash must accompany orders for $1 or less. Order from the National Education Association. ~) OPublications The Official Report of the recent Atlantic City convention of the American Association of School Administrators is an attractive volume of 256 pages. It contains the text of addresses delivered at the general sessions and the official records of business transacted at the convention. Copies have been sent to members of the American Association. Price to nonmembers, $1. The Research Bulletin for March 1938, “From Highschool to College,” deals with the transition of young people from highschool to college. Pri- marily, it is a survey of present practice, based on reports from 1600 highschools and 423 liberal arts colleges and universities, describing what is being done by highschools and colleges by way of guid- ance toward or away from college. It examines entrance requirements and admissions procedures, freshman week activities, course requirements for entering students, maximum and minimum stu dent loads, orientation courses, provisions for remedial instruction, systems for student coun- scling, health supervision, regulations with re- spect to living arrangements for entering college students, the assistance given to students with their financial problems, and other aspects of guidance having to do with the orientation of college freshmen. Attention is called not only to common guidance procedures, but also to inno- vating practices. The bulletin indicates the factors believed to be responsible for both the successes and failures of the orientation programs de- scribed. Price 25¢. Sources of Safety Education Aids, a biblio- graphic list of nonschool organizations, has just been released by the Safety Education Projects, Research Division of the National Education As- sociation. This publication lists fifty-one national safety organizations which issue free or inexpen- sive materials for use in schools. A brief descrip- tion of the work of each organization is given, together with titles of representative publications. No attempt has been made to evaluate material listed, and users of the bibliography are warned that many of the publications listed contain adver- tising. The first edition of this bibliography has been prepared for free distribution to teachers from the Safety Education Projects of the Re- search Division and from the Highway Education Board, Pan-American Building, Washington, D. C. All teachers and supervisors of geography will welcome the material contained in the March Educational Method. There are twelve articles by outstanding authorities in this field, dealing with recent trends in geographic education, the place of geography in American culture, field work in geography, visual aids, and maps. The special editor of this issue is Mrs. Erna G. Gilland, Con- sultant in Geographic Education, California, Pa. Price, 50¢. The February issue of the same mag- azine contains interesting articles on the teaching of reading. Price, 35¢. Order from Department of Supervisors and Directors of Instruction, NEA. Discounts for quantities on NEA _ publications are as follows: 2-9 copies, 10 percent; 10-99 copies, 25 percent; 100 or more, 33% per cent. Send orders to the NEA, 1201 16th St., N. W., Washington, mo. C. VOLUME 27, NUMBER 53; MAY 193 [| A-105 | ROSIN RITA BUATEMALA Step out of the class- room—and into the Caribbean parade! Discover the rare charm, spectacular beauty of these West Indies shores ... from the cool, friendly decks of the Great White Fleet. Relax in the intimate, informal atmosphere aboard your first class turbo-elec- tric liner built expressly for Carib- bean service . . . with outdoor pools, delicious food, delightful cruise entertainment. Orchestras, sound movies, all outside state- rooms. Cruises from New York EVERY SATURDAY to colorful Costa Rico, including two calls at gay Havana and the Panama Canal Zone, 15 days, $175 up. EVERY WEDNESDAY to Kingston, Jamaica, B. W. 1. (2 calls) Puerto Colombia (Barran- quilla), Cartagena, Colombia, S. A., and the Panama Canal Zone. 15 days, $175 up. EVERY WEEK to Jamaica, Guatemala, Hon- duras. 19 days or more including week in highlands of Guatemala . . . age-old cities, Indian villages, magnificent scenery. 260 mile automobile tour, all expenses, $220 up. Other Guest Cruises from New Orleans and Philadelphia. +f Apply to any Author- £h ized Travel Agent or UNITED FRUIT R COMPANY, 632 Fifth Ave.,N.Y.C.; G 111 W. Washington St., Chicago; 321 St. Charles St., New Orleans; Pier 9, North Wharves, Phila.; 201 Tremont St., Boston. [| A-106 | [Cont. from page 160] Massacuusetts—Malden, Pierce PENNSYLVANIA—Northampton, Northampton Public Schools, Central, Franklin, Junior High, Senior High, Washington, Wolf W asHi1ncton—Bellingham, Columbia EicHt YEARS Arizona—Ash Fork, Ash Fork, Dist. No. 31 CaLirornia—Claremont, Claremont Public Schools CoLtorapo—Denver, Fairview, Garfield Hawati—Napoopoo, Napoopoo; Paauhau, Paauhau; Pahala, Kapapala ILLiIno1is—Cicero, Columbus New Yorx—Callicoon, Callicoon chelle, Webster OKLAHOMA—T ulsa, River View Wisconsin—Kenosha, Orthopedic-Open Air H igh > New Ro- SEVEN YEARS CatiForNta—San Diego, Alice Birney Missouri—Kansas City, Jackson Opportunity PENNSYLVANIA—Reading, 5th and Spring Sts. VirGinta—Richmond, Dickinson Stx YEARS Arizona—Elroy, Grammar, Jr. High CoLtorapo—Denver, Ironton, Maria Mitchell Ittinois—Cicero, Cicero Public Schools MaryYLanp—Smithsburg, Forrest New Yorx—Rochester, Lattimore No. 11 Ox.taHoMA—E/ Reno, Irving PENNSYLVANIA—Reading, Buttonwood and Pear Sts., 11th and Pike Sts., Elm and Moss Sts., North- west Jr. High, Park, 17th and Cotton Sts., 16th | and Hawk Sts., Spring and Moss Sts., 12th and | Winson Sts., Washington and Rose Sts. Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Mary Hill, Mitchell } Five YEARS Arizona—Globe, Globe Public Schools, Central, | Jr.-Sr. High, Noftsger Hill; Phoenix, Balsz Cotorapo—Pueblo, Keating Jr. High Hawatii—Hilo, Haaheo; Holualoa, Holualoa; Hono- lulu, Waikiki; Kilauea, Volcano, Keakealani; Kukuithaele, Kukuihaele Itt1no1is—Mount Morris, Elem. Missourt—Kansas City, Kumpf wait FLEET New YorK—Elmira, Riverside No. 7; Pine Plains, Central Oxn10o—Youngstown, Haselton Texas—Burkburnett, Burkburnett Public Schools WASHINGTON—Spokane, Willard West Vircinta—Culloden, Culloden Four YEARS Carirorn1a—Oakland, Jefferson Fiorrpa—E. Palatka, E. Palatka Hawati—Ewa, Oahu, Ewa; Hakalau, Hakalau; Hanamaulu, Kauai, Hanamaulu; Hilo, Standard, Keaukaha; Honolulu, Pohukaina; Lihue, Kauai, Huleia; Wahiawa, Oahu, Helemano TRAVEL VENTURES OF DISTINCTION Stimulating experiences in foreign lands, not just tours. Tour in the Wake of History led by Harry Elmer Barnes; Augustan Pilgrimage with Aegean Cruise. Tours of interest to Physicists, Chemists, Nature Lovers, Camera Fans, Art Lovers, Bota- nists, Other specialist's tours include English Lit- erature, Commercial Education, Natural History, Dance Instruction, Radio Broadcasting, Music Fes- tivals, Adult Education. Tours in Scandinavia, South America, National Parks and Alaska; motor tours in Britain. Also General and Survey Tours from $345. Nationally known leaders include Rei- nald Werrenrath, Harry Franck, Strickland Giili- lan, Worthington Hollyday, Fred Atkins Moore, H. E. Barnes, etc. Write us about your interests, HARVARD Send for Booklet A WILLIAM M. BARBER BABSON PARK MASS. BUSINESS MAN’S TRIP * 4 countries ; Switzerland P20 SCENIC SWISS TOUR $364* SCENIC ITALIAN TOUR * 6 weeks . . very attractive 4 61 VIENNESE LUXURY TRIP *The most successful trips abroad! All-in- clusive, personally escorted, excellent hotels and meals. Casino parties, unusual motor go Tourist or Cabin if you prefer. Send for Travel Map NEA TRAVEL Specialists in European Travel 260 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. SEMINAR OF THE TO EUROPE These privileged groups will visit famed schools—meet em- travel-values—have wonderful summer! Good fun, good com- pany always. Director, Prof, Architecture & Division of Fine Arts, Harvard University. Bureau's 46th Year. leisurely 5 countries * 14 cities . . Salzburg Petive|s 009 trips. The popular third class on steamers; Metropotitan SERVICE INC. STUDY TOURS inent Europeans—gain extra Kenneth J. Conant, Dept. of Write to Box J-23 NEAR EAST Itt1nois—East Aurora, E. Aurora Public Schools, | ALSO cas U REA U Indian Creek; Payson, Payson ; | Child Art, Classics, OF UNIVERSITY Inptana—Bloomington, Fairview; Indianapolis, Bell | Languages, Politics, T RAVE L the st No. 60; Petersburg, Petersburg Public Schools | Seandinavia, Art Pil- Kansas—Manhattan, Wilson | grimage, Russia Newton Massachusetts Yo Massacuusetts—Brookline, Baldwin; Rutland, Rut- ~" land : Missourt—Kansas City. Bruce, Linwood : larger Nevapa—White Pine Co., White Pine Co. High vet th No. 1 Tew = Bank Public Schools, @ by/ C ‘@) Naw Jexsty—Red Bank, Red Bank Public Schools. | Hie] @ WAM °4 3 op] UL egg te} - New Yorx—Batavia, Morris sky - PENNSYLVANIA—Lewistown, Fifth Ward, Logan St., ‘@) Wayne St.; Montgomery Co., Lower Salford Le) EUR PE | ntras Twp.; Pittsburgh, Greenfield; Reading, Mulberry Capit and Green Sts., Northeast Open Air; Westmore- r land Co., North Bell Vernon Borough ee: West Vircinia—Middlebourne, Ellsworth All Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Bay View High |Z to THREE YEARS your Carirornta—El Modena, Lincoln, Roosevelt; Glen- write dale, Marshall; Oakland, Burckhalter, Chabot, Fre- | Box 1¢ mont High, Hawthorne, Highland, Lafayette, Man- a zanita, Parker, Peralta, Sherman, Whittier; | <* | MOV Sacramento, Donner, Fremont, Bret Harte; San | patical leave! | | of Yose Francisco, Hancock-Cooper ducators om Sab 1 sailings t0 | Hawatt—Honaunau, Honaunau; Honolulu, Aliio- oe Ee ries apply on ¢ ug. 15. df lani, Likelike, Manoa, Robello, Waialae; Kohala, Reduce n ports between Oct. 15 te Halawa; Laie, Oahu, Laie; Pearl City, Oahu, Europea stbound ive folder a0 | Pearl City; Wahiawa, Oahu, Kipapa Mar. 5. Send for descrip ; local trave i InpIANA—/ ndianapolis, Public No. 72 july list - - = %° ig ew York a | Kansas—Manhattan, Roosevelt sail 95 Broadway: | Kentucky—Maysville, Maysville Public Schools, | 900 —— Center, Fee Industrial High, First Dist., Forest | } Ave., Jr. High, Sixth Ward | | Missourt—Kansas City, Van Horn Onto—Niles, Lincoln; Van Wert Co., Pleasant | CUNARD WHITE STAR Twp. | THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION VOL | ‘ION If we could move a MARIPOSA BIG TREE into Wall Street... .. HIS IS how it would look...a grizzled giant of 3000 years, choking traffic in the street known ’round the world. Yosemite has 600 of these stately land- marks in its Mariposa Grove. Many are larger than the Wawona Tree shown here, yet the grove is just a foretaste of the world- wonders in Yosemite Valley. A family of sky-high waterfalls ... Glacier Point’s mtrancing nightly firefall . .. massive El Capitan... brooding, mile-high Half Dome ...all ranged in startling panorama. All-expense Yosemite tours range from )to 4 days and from $25 to $62.50. See your nearest travel or ticket agent, or write to Yosemite Park and Curry Co., | Box 105, Yosemite National Park, California. MOVIES: Ask for a list of 16 mm. motion picture films of Yosemite scenery. Various subjects at $6 per bundred feet. NO CALIFORNIA TRIP 1S COMPLETE WITHOUT AND MARIPOSA BIG TREES OKL_aHoMa—Tulsa, Lanier PENNSYLVANIA—Bradford Co., E, Athens, Ulster; Pittsburgh, Overbrook Jr. High; Reading, Schuyl- kill Ave., and Greenwich St., 13 and Union Sts. Texas—Te tarkana, Whitaker Vircinta—Norfolk, Great Bridge High WasHINGTON—Tacoma, Grand West VirGinta—Randolph Co., Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Pleasant View, Siefert; Racine, Stephen Bull, Garfield, Horlick Sr. High, Jefferson, Knapp, N. Racine, Washington Jr. High Harperton Two YEarRS Ataska—Aniak, Aniak; Candle, Territorial; Egegik, Egegik; Wasilla, T erritorial Ar1zona—Mesa,. Mesa Public Schools, Franklin, Irving, Lincoln, Washington, Webster CaLirornia—Hermosa Beach, Hermosa Beach Pub- lic Schools, North, Ocean View, Pier Ave., Pros- pect Ave., South; Oakland, Fruitvale, Hamilton Jr. High; Tarzana, Tarzana Cotorapo—Denver, Gilpin; La Salle, Big Bend District oF CotuMsia—Washington, Logan Fior1pa—Dade Co., Lee Jr. High Georcita—Macon, Bellevue Hawatt—Hilo, Intermediate; Honokaa, Kaapahu; Honolulu, Kalihi-Waena, Leahi Home, Palolo; Holualoa, Puuanahulu; Kailua, N. Kona, Kalaoa; Kaunakakai, Molokai, Holomua; Kohala, Maka- pala; Waipahu, Oahu, Ahrens Inrt1nots—Eldorado, Lincoln; Springfield, Dubois Inprana—Oaktown, Oaktown; Terre Haute, Davis Park Iowa—Sioux City, East Jr.; Waterloo, (West Side) Edison, Emerson, Irving, Kingsley, Lowell, Wal- lace Jr. High, Waterloo Jr. High, West High, Whittier Kentucky—McCreary Co., Cooperative, E. Apple Tree, Fidelity, Gilreath, Greenwood, Hill Top, Marshes Siding, Silerville, Smithtown, W. Apple Tree, Whitley, Wiborg, Yamacraw Lovistana—Acadia Parish, Crowley High, Egan Jr High, Habetz, Iota High MaryLanpo—Cecil Co., Warwick Elem. MassacHuvusetts—Norwood, Shattuck Micuican—Detroit, Durfee, Northville Open Webster, White Missourt—Kansas City, Faxon New Yorx—Montauk, Montauk No. 6; Oneonta, River St.; Port Jervis, E. Main St.; Schenectady, Woodlawn Nortu Carotina—High Point, Johnson St. : Oun1to—Beaverdam, Beaverdam; Clermont Co., New tonville: HW’. Carlisle, Perry Pike Rural High Air, Pennsytvanta—Bradford Co., Overton Twp.; Har- risburg, Hamilton, Open Air; Indiana, Indiana Public Schools, Mann, Stevens; Reading, Elm and Madison Sts., Northmont, Oakbrook, Speech Teachers, 13th and Green Sts., Tyson-Schoener Sovutn Carotina—Newberry, Newberry Public Schools Texas—Dallas, Brown VerMont—St. Albans, Barlow St. WasHINGTON—Seattle, Gatzert; Spokane, N. Cen tral High, Sheridan, Webster West Vircinta—Beryl, Beryl; Hot Coal, Hot Coal Wisconstn—Milwaukee, Oklahoma Ave. Wyominc—Casper, Harding; Cheyenne, Carlett CurrENT YEAR Ataska—Mountain Valley, Mountain Valley CattFornta—Los Angeles, Fremont Ave.; Pomona, Emerson Jr. High; San Francisco, Garfield Cotorapo—Gunnison, Gunnison Co. High FLortpa—Miami, Kinloch Park Hawatt—Aiea, Oahu, Aiea; Hanalei, Hanalei; Hawt, Kohala, Kaauhuhu; Hilo, Piihonua; Honolulu, Kalihi-uka, Kapalama, Teachers College Elem.; Honomu, Honomu; Kai, Malino, Hookena; Keau- hou, Keauhou; Ninole, Ross; Ookala, Ookala; Papaikou, Kalanianaole; Wahiawa, Oahu, Wahi- awa; Waialua, Oahu, Waialua High Garfield Island, Boggy Iitt1no1s—Charleston, Franklin; Danville, Lovistana—Catahoula Parish, Block, Sicily New Enterprise, Harrisonburg, Manifest, Bayou, Island Bayou, Larto MaryLanp—Chiesapeake, Elem. Micuican—Grand Rapids, Lexington NespRASKA—Omaha, Monmouth Park New Jersey—Hackensack, Broadway; Long Branch West End; Pemberton, Pemberton Borough New YorK—Hollis, Public No. 35, Queens; Manhat- tan, Public No. 127; Middle Village, Public No. 128 Queens OKLaHomMa—Muskogee, Muskogee Public Schools Central High OrEGoN—Turner, Cloverdale PENNSYLVANIA—New Cumberland, Fifth St., Manor, New Foos, Cumberland High, Seventh St.; Reading, Millmont, Stout, 12th and Buttonwood Sts.; Rummerfield, Fisher Texas—Dallas, Wilson High VERMONT—Burlington, Adams; Fair Haven, Fair Haven; Middletown, Middletown Springs; Pom- fret, Pomfret; St. Albans, Church St. WasHINGTON—Bellingham, Franklin West Vircinta—Layland, Jr. High Wisconstn—Miilwaukee, Burbank, Windlake Ave. Wyrominc—Cheyenne, Central VOLUME 27, NUMBER 53 MAY 1938 North Western offers through service to more of the fascinating summer playgrounds of the west than any other route. Maximum comfort at low cost—fast air-conditioned trains— thoughtful, friendly service —and to many destinations you may go one way and return another without extra cost. a =MAIL THIS COUPON= 4 i ~R. THOMSON, Pass’r Traffic Mar. Chicago & North Western Railway 400 W. Madison St., Chicago, III. Please send me, without charge, full information and literature about the “North Western” vacations checked: OBLACK HILLS 2,59uT# DAKOTA— Nearest mountain vacationland and America’s last pomoeee frontier. Majes- tic scenery. Mighty Mt. Rushmore. Eco- nomical hotel and lodge accommoda- $26.45 of WiSs- CONSIN, UPPER MICHIGAN, MINNESOTA— Pine forests, sparkling lakes. W onder- ful fishing. Favorite mid-western vaca- tion region. Resorts to suit all purses. Only a few hours from Chicago on North Western’s fast afternoon train, = ro mg - —— over- night trains. Round trip rai O06 00 GOW OB oe 4060's 0 cs $9.35 © YELLOWSTONE ;..4737i24 land of gey- sers, Canyons, water falls, forests. Round trip rail fare from Chicago aslowas......-.... *49.30 O COLORADO “rer: i inspirin raha mountains, beautifu lakes, invigorating climate. Thrilling outdoor sports. Resort accommodations at all prices. Only an overnight trip from Chicago Round trip railfare ¢ from Chicago as low AF ree $31.10 i i I i i I ! i ; i —_ ! OZION, BRYCE, GRAND ; i I i I ) ) I ) i i I tions. Round trip rail fare from Chicago as lowas .. ONORTH WOODS CANYON NAT'L PARKS — America’s ~_ most colorful scenic wonderland. Round trip rail fare Chicago to Lund, Utah gateway),aslowas .. = $50. 60 O CALIFORNIA; *«:’ round vaca- tion state. Beautiful romantic, historic. See itsmountains, ol missions, famous Cities, ocean beaches, Hollywood — center of the movie indus- try. See Boulder en route. Round trip tail fare from Chicago on the a eee OPACIFIC NORTHWEST — Vast green | ng See Mt. Rainier, Crater Lake, P’ uget Sound. Enjoy won- derful summer climate. Round trip rail _— from Chicago as low $65 00 eee eee ewes eeeee OALASKA~4 convenient side trip from the Pacific Northwest. OCANADIAN ROCKIES —Unbelievable Banff and exquisite Lake Louise in the midst of sky-flung peaks. OALL EXPENSE TOURS to many of the above regions. CHICAGO & NoaraWesters RAILWAY 2 the 400, The Slizambinenr and The Challenge [ A-107 | NEW YORK Will entertain the Seventy-sixth Annual Convention of the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION June 26—June 30, 1938 Convention headquarters will be at the Hotel Penn- sylvania where registration, exhibits and headquarters of all state delegations will be located. Registration, exhibits and some official meetings will be held beginning Saturday, June 25th. The convention proper opens with a Vesper Service on Sunday, June 26th, and will carry through Thursday, June 30th. Hotel arrangements should be made promptly. The schedule and reservation form printed below should be used for this purpose. General sessions, representative assemblies, depart- ment and allied group meetings will be held in various places. The Official Program, obtainable upon registra- tion at the Hotel Pennsylvania, will carry full details of programs and locations of meetings. HOTEL RATES FOR MEETING OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, NEW YORK JUNE 26—JUNE 30, 1938 The following list of New York Hotels, with rates, has been furnished by The New York Hotel Committee and includes hotels that are members of The New York Convention and Visitors Bureau. Address all requests for hotel reservations to Chairman, Hotel Committee, Room 1036, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Indicate three choices of hotels. If the hotel of first choice is unable to accept your reservation, the Hotel Committee will endeavor to comply with your second or third choices in the order named. You will receive confirmation direct from the hotel accepting your reservation. Be specific as to dates of occupancy, types of rooms desired and prices to be paid. To Chairman of Hotel Committee Room 1036, 233 Broadway New York, N. Y. _..........Room/(s) with bath for two persons each, twin beds—rate desired Arriving June Hotel of first choice Se ES a ee ee ri 0 ; List of occupants, other than myself, with their addresses, is attached hereto. as eee P.M. Leaving 3rd choice Please reserve sleeping room accommodations during the period of the convention of the National Education Association as noted below: ae ee ee ee a ee | Rate per day for room with bath Rate per day for : Retat i an voash with baile accommodating TWO persons rooms accommodating | — = ONE person | Double bed Twin beds Astor Broadway at 44th Street 1000 $3.50 to $6.00 $5.00 to $8.00 $6.00 to $8.00 Beekman Tower Ist Avenue & 49th Street.............. 20.0.0... 000000 tai ; 366 | 30006 GO f heeeceeees , 4.00 to 6.00 Beverly 125 East 50th Street........ Dp k aric 8p. ails Be RA Wel g aere sad 350 } 4.00 to 5.00 6.00 to 7.00 6.00 to 7.00 Biltmore Madison Avenue & 43rd Street... Ae 1000 6.00 to 12.00 8.00 to 14.00 8.00 to 14.00 Bristol 129 W. 48th Street 375 2.50 to 4.00 4.00 to 6.00 5.00 to 7.00 Chesterfield 2 ee ee 600 2.50 to 3.50 | 3.00 to 6.00 4.00 to 6.00 Collingwood ok oo. ea cc cock kb ébbietecseucae 204 3.00 to 4.00 | 4.00 to 5.00 5.00 to 6.00 Cornish Arms ok oa assy o bib db vase an eke Werkacaaiee ie « 350 2.00 to 2.50 | 3.00 to 3.50 3.50 to 4.00 Dauphin 67th Street at Broadway... 313 S600 SOR fo sess asd pjawe 8 Gat bows Hast such as Dutchess County (New Yot State). Much of the material for th local guides has been unearthed frot! private collections of historical dat which had not been available unt trunks, attics, courthouse lofts, and ! brary cellars were searched as public it terest was aroused in the Guides. _ Fourth are the tour books of whi} U.S. Number 1, tracing the 2000-mil} highway from Maine to Florida, is tt first. It is clothbound, contains 40 fi THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATIO HOE th hi ve 7 f 4 HOUGHTON MIFFLIN CO. Serie: Avie rican Ciuide photographs, map, and index. The Ocean Highway is now in press, as is The Ore- gon Trail, which will guide streamlined autos over the roads blazed by Indians, covered wagons, the Pony Express, and the cowboy. (For an article on linking the teaching of history to our national highways, see “A Forward Look with History,” by Howard R. Driggs in THE Journat for March 1938, p76-77.) Among the tour books may also be included a guide to waterways from VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; Pictures by cour tesy of the _ fol lowing publishers Blue Ribbon Books lgé-s. Nias Cas ton Printers, Cald well, Idaho; Sa vannah, Ga., Cham ber of Commerce: Modern Age Books, Inc., N.Y.: and Houghton lit Mifflin Co., Bos- ton, Mass. Norfolk to Key West entitled /ntra- coastal Waterway. Last, but not least, are literary byprod- ucts which have grown out of the vast material compiled for the guides. An example is the anthology, American Stuff, consisting of short stories, essays, poems, and American folklore, which the poet Stephen Vincent Benet de- scribes as “lively, unpretentious, and consistently interesting.” Equally enter- taining are Hoosier Tall Tales from In- diana and the anecdotal Cape Cod Pilot. Popular with young and old is the lively handbook, Who’s Who in the Zoo, a 211-page, beautifully-illustrated guide thru the wonderland of the zoo. A study of racial groups in our coun- try is another byproduct of importance to sociology students. Two books have already appeared: The Armenians in Massachusetts and The Italians in New York. Histories are also being prepared for the Irish, the Jew, and the Negro. Publication of historical and literary materials of particular interest to young people has been sponsored by the schools of many states in cooperation with the federal writers. Notable examples are: [1] Palmetto Pioneers, six stories of early South Carolinians, written in a basic English vocabulary for illiterate or foreign students, sponsored by the Division of Adult Education, South Carolina State Department. [2] Stories of New Jersey distributed in pamphlet form by the New Jersey public schools. [3] Nebraska Folklore Pamphlets, pre- pared twice monthly by the federal writers MAY 1938 in cooperation with the state superintend- ent of public instruction. [4] Old Newbury Tales, an historical reader for children, sponsored by the schools and the Historical Society of New- buryport, Mass., in the belief that “local history fills a definite need in the educa- tional background of young Americans.” [5] Brief sketches of Arizona Indian tribes, sponsored by the State Teachers College at Flagstaff. To history, geography, and social-sci- ence teachers, the U.S. guides and other materials suggest a technic for the com- prehensive study of state or locality. The Vermont Guide, for example, contains in addition to bibliography, maps, and index, the following: Introductory— How to Use the Guide General Information (such as speed laws) Calendar of Events (such as Apple Blossom Week, and “Sugaring Off”) Section I—Vermont: The General Back ground (Including natural setting, flora and fauna, history, agriculture, industry, transportation, racial elements, educa- tion, recreation, architecture, literature) Section II—Main Street and Village Green (City and town descriptions) Section III—High Roads and Low Roads (Mile-by-mile description of the state’s highways). For a teaching unit on the literature of your state or locality, for example, the guide will help you answer such questions as: What books are available compiling leg ends peculiar to your region? (Such as the Paul Bunyan tales of Washington and Ore gon; the Hoosier “tall tales” of Indiana; and various Indian legends.) What authors live in your district or were born there or have made their homes there? Were any now famous printing estab lishments or publishing houses started in your district? Are ballads and stories ciated with your district? famous asso- What works of fiction, poetry, plays, or other literary works are concerned with your district or locality? The American Guide series, described as “the first attempt on a comprehensive scale to make the country itself worth- ily known to Americans,” is an impor- tant part of the material that is to be included in the new curriculum of the schools. [ 141 | HAT Is the true meaning of American democracy? What- ever it may have meant in the beginning, it certainly connotes equality of opportunity—economic, social, politi- cal, and educational. Yet most of higher education is far from democratic. By the very nature of their philosophy, uni- versities become highly selective insti- tutions and this selection is based upon high marks earned in school, rather than ability to get along with people or evi- dence of social leadership. The success- ful university student too often is far removed from the everyday world. The California public junior college, on the other hand, opens its doors to all high- school graduates, and for that reason is a laboratory for the political and social leadership of tomorrow. Democracy implies a government with the consent of the governed, and efficiency and soundness in democratic decisions require a high level of intelli- gence on the part of the governed. If democracy is to be preserved, it will be only thru the training of intelligent leaders and followers. I am glad that I work in a public junior college because it is a training ground for democracy. Since the California public junior college opens its doors to all highschool graduates, its students comprise largely an unselected group. There are those whose abilities are certainly not equal to doing academic work, on the one hand, and on the other, students whose men- tal powers are very superior. Between these two extremes is the great majority of our students—the mainstay of democ- racy. It is to-render particular service to them that the junior college finds its greatest opportunity. Over half of the entering horde of junior college stu- dents (this year over 45,000 in California alone) end their formal education in the junior college. Ours is the opportunity to bring it to a satisfactory completion. The age between eighteen and twenty- four has been rightly called the “critical” age—made up of those too young for permanent employment and too old for highschool. This group furnishes a large percentage of wandering youth on high- ways and freights. It is from this group that the largest number of criminals is recruited each year. One of the most [ 142 | | LIKE the JUNIOR COLLEGE ASE Harry E. Tyler Dean of Counseling and Student Personnel, Junior College, Sacra- mento, California important functions of the junior col- lege is to help young people of this criti- cal age to find themselves. Many youth, thru facilities offered in the junior col- lege, are learning about themselves and their relation to the world about them. Salvaged from the morass of uncer- tainty, these young people are taking advantage of their educational oppor- tunity and with renewed hope and en- thusiasm are entering society. Thru apti- tude tests, a wide variety of classes, ex- ploratory experience in vocational fields, and with an adequate guidance pro- gram, we are trying to set them on the right road. Most of them were not mature enough in highschool to make decisions as to careers but in the junior college they have begun to settle down and to be interested in the possible op- portunities that await them. The junior college, thru a broad curriculum, offers them a chance to learn about this world in which they live. Its courses in biolog- ical science teach them about themselves as living organisms. Its social science courses give them an opportunity to understand the world’s social, economic, and political institutions. By rubbing shoulders with fellows of their own age, and thru a carefully directed student activity program, they are developing social experience. For those who have chosen their careers, we offer prepara- tory work for the professions. For those whose abilities and interests lie in the semi-professional field, we are giving a wide variety of training. There are de- partments of aeronautics, mining, busi- ness, agriculture, home economics, and the various skilled trades made avail- able to junior college youth. At the same time, the core curriculum in most junior colleges is made up of fundamentals of general education, which are so impor. tant to the citizen of today. To many young people the junior col- lege has been the means to a life of use- fulness or distinction. Some years ago, a tall, lanky youth came to us from a neighboring high- school. With practically none of the entrance requirements for the state uni- versity, and lacking in a command of the fundamental processes, he could not be called “cultured” by the greatest stretch of the imagination. After trying several courses with indifferent success, he landed in a class in psychology. There he struck fire. He wanted to go on with this field, but in talking with the in- structor about the possibilities he was informed that he would need a back- ground of biological science. So he en- tered a class in biology. Very shortly the instructor discovered the boy had a great aptitude in this field. He was in- spired to go on and was motivated to make up his previous deficiencies. After graduating from junior college he en- tered a university and became an out- standing student in biology. On gradu- ation he was awarded research scholar- ships by various institutions. Today he is one of America’s outstanding young scientists. The public junior college gave him an opportunity to find himself. I am glad to be connected with the public junior college because it is such a young institution, not hampered by age-old traditions. Here we are free to try new things, and the popularity of our institutions indicates the success we have had. Fundamentally, a junior col lege is a teaching institution, and those who cannot teach have no place on its faculties. There is no finer opportunity than that offered by America’s newest educational segment, the public junior college. It is the personification of Amer- ican democracy. I like the junior college. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION tive the pla sot: out On tive the sug ing thr mii pla at pu of col toy the Sta ou v¢ 54 ~— j+t7 col- ose its rity yest ior er- “ge. [ON ee Planning for American Education Week The Program for 1938 The American Education Week program for 1938 adopted by the three national sponsors of the observance—the National Education Associa- tion, the United States Office of Education, and the American Legion— is as follows: General Theme Sunday, November 6 Monday, November 7 Tuesday, November 8 EDUCATION FOR TOMORROW'S AMERICA ACHIEVING THE GOLDEN RULE DEVELOPING STRONG BopiEs AND ABLE MINps MASTERING SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE Wednesday, November 9 ATTAINING VALUES AND STANDARDS Thursday, November 10 Acceptinc New Civic REsPoNsIBILITIES Friday, November 11 Saturday, November 12 These topics were briefly discussed in an article appearing in the April Jour- naL. Some of these topics are being re- worded and adapted in the materials being developed by the National Edu- cation Association for use in the ele- mentary grades and rural areas. Time for State Planning Indispensable for an effective pro- gram is planning well in advance. State- wide planning as practiced in a number of states is one of the most fruitful steps which can be taken. A notable example of such planning for the 1938 observ- ance is the work being carried on in Minnesota. For several years the Minne- sota Education Association has been ac- tive in promoting American Education Week. Each year a state committee of the Association is appointed to develop plans. A group met in St. Paul, Minne- sota, on March 12, 1938, and blocked out plans for promoting the observance. On this committee was one representa- tive from each of the eight divisions of the state association. Among the plans suggested and discussed were the financ- ing of the observance in each division thru funds from that division, the com- mittees to be organized in each division, plans for presentation of the observance at the state meeting next fall, summer publicity work including presentation of the observance at each of the teacher college sessions, final reports, and other topics. The activities of this state com- mittee will stimulate participation on the part of local school systems in the state and will assist them in carrying out their program. Ho pinc Fast To Our IDEALS oF FREEDOM GAINING SECURITY FOR ALL Many other statewide American Ed- ucation Week plans might also be cited. Some follow the Minnesota plan; in some cases the state department of edu- cation takes the lead; in others there is a joint effort on the part of the state de- partment of education and the state ed- ucation association; while in still others the planning is carried out thru the co- operation of both lay and professional groups. Time for Local Planning Even where there is no state planning, an increasing number of local and county school systems are finding that SN an WOE 110 PpDuG Es ae: Entry submitted in the American Edu- cation Week Nationwide Highschool Poster Project by Frank L. Treuting, Arts Highschool, Newark, N. ]. VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; MAY 1938 it is desirable to make plans in the spring. This provides ample time for the development and fruition of plans during the summer and early fall. Why not organize your committees now? They can be appointed by the superin- tendent or by the local teachers associa- tion, or in any other manner deemed best locally. New Plan for NEA Materials An entirely new plan is being car- ried out in the preparation of materials for American Education Week by the National Education Association. Dur- ing the past few years the suggestions in the packets have consisted of hand- books and manuals dealing with all of the topics. This year the materials in each packet will be organized by folders—a folder for each day’s topic. Each folder will contain looseleaf suggestions to the ex- tent of five or six thousand words. There will be the kindergarten-primary school packet, the upper elementary-school packet, the highschool packet, the rural- school packet, and the teachers college packet. Twenty field committees are co- operating in the development of the folders for these packets. Their splendid cooperation is expected to result in su- perior and practicable materials which will be available September 1 from the NEA. Value of this Week American Education Week serves as an opportune occasion to begin or to strengthen a permanent, continuing program of educational interpretation. It is an invaluable phase of a permanent yearround program of interpretation, altho in no sense a substitute for such a program. During American Education Week there is a national emphasis upon the schools, their problems and achieve- ments, which provides a momentum too valuable for local school systems to miss. Plan now to participate in this great national celebration of our public- school system which, since the found- ing of our democracy, has been recog- nized as indispensable for a selfgovern- ing people—Lyte W. Asney. [ 143 | VACATION— Profit or Loss? HE AVERAGE SUMMER VACATION for most schools runs trom twelve to fourteen weeks. It is longer in many communities. Counting out ten hours for sleeping, each child has four- teen hours a day, or a total of 1470 hours during the vacation to spend in growth and enjoyment or in boredom. Lucky the child who has access to va- cation schools, summer play schools, camps, parks, and supervised play- grounds—even if located on city roof- tops. But however adequate such com- munity provision, there still remain long summer hours which the puzzled youngster, lacking inner resources and ideas, will dissipate in idleness, if not in mischief. Prediction is general that schools must eventually expand to an allyear program, but until prediction becomes reality, the summer vacation period is every teacher’s opportunity for leadership. The following suggestions for putting the vacation on the profit side of the ed- ucational ledger, emphasize three points: First, they encourage the child to practice skills and knowledge ac- quired at school; second, they can be carried on by the child regardless of community resources; third, they are linked with a school exhibit or assembly in September at which children may compare vacation achievements. Early planning for vacation \¥ In one rural school, vacation planning, like spring planting, begins with the first warm days. The teacher talks with the boys and girls about making the most of their vacation, urging them to use | 144 | the skills of writing, arithmetic, and music so that they will not forget them during the summer. She gives them a list of books to read. She suggests that they do one thing each day to improve their farm home, keeping a record to read at school in the fall. Enlisting parents’ cooperation \g In a rural community where recreation fa- cilities are meager, the school princi- pal writes several letters to parents each spring, enlisting their help in making the vacation happy and safe for the chil- dren. He suggests for them such vaca- tion activities as: Work some each day on the subject he finds most difficult. Take walks to study trees and flowers. Keep records of interesting places he visits and take photographs if possible. Keep samples of drill work in spelling, arithmetic, and handwriting. Read a number of good books. Planting a garden \ In a city school the children are taught by actual work in the school garden how things grow, as far as any person, child or adult, can understand that miracle. A small plot is assigned to each child. He is supplied with seeds and a hoe. He learns how to plant a garden at home so that he may exhibit his summer’s work at a school flower show in the fall. Exploring nature’s wonderland \ A carefully-planned lesson each spring on “Summer Science” opens the door to nature’s wonderland for the children of a junior highschool. A classroom library of nature books suggests sources of in- formation. Specimens desired for the school museum are listed; experiments to be completed during the sum- mer are begun; and collections to be exhibited in the fall are outlined. Riding a hobby horse \¢ That absorbing hobbies require tal- ents and skills rather than money is the basis of a resource- ful teacher’s lesson on vacation hobbies. A list of “Vacation Hobby Horses: Which Will You Ride?”—none of which re- quires much outlay—is begun in early spring. A Hobby Assem- bly is planned for the fall at which the children may exhibit Photos courtesy Works Progress Administration the results of their vacation “hobby rides.” Keeping vacation diaries \¢ Vacation diaries are used by one teacher to pro- mote skill in writing and recording. The “diary” may take the form of a questionbox in which to put science questions which the child would like to discuss at school. Making new friends \¢ Believing that one of the best fruits of a holiday is a new friendship, a city teacher each spring enlists the cooperation of parents in fostering neighborhood friendliness and at the same time eliminating dan- gerous street play. Cooperative sharing of backyards is found to yield abundant play opportunities—in one yard a pool, a pet cage, and a portable slide; in another, apparatus to climb; in the third, a summer playhouse. Going places \¢ Thru a travel club organized long before vacation, some unior highschool children learn that the urge to “go places” can be gratified on a bicycle or even on a pair of stout legs. Arrangements are made for hiking or camping expeditions to places of histori- cal interest or natural beauty within rea- sonable distances. As routes are‘planned, trafic and other hazards are discussed. A “Summer Safety” bulletin is prepared covering such matters as general traffic, the bicycle, skates and coasters, hiking and camping, water sports, cuts, burns, and poisons, How is your school putting profits in the summer vacation? Here is a field for service as pioneer as were the nurs- ery-school and adult-education move- ments a few years ago. —ELEANOoR CRrAvEN FISHBURN. x. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION SMé of t half 100 Fre of NE stur sch the pas att to the Yo an cu € - Gi?) min Ge ‘Fr -_ o vw SMALL SCHOOLS are large in number for, of the nation’s 25,000 highschools, nearly half have enrolments of not more than 100 students. FroM HIGHSCHOOL TO COLLEGE is the title of the March Research Bulletin of the NEA. 25¢. This publication reports a study of what is being done by high schools and liberal arts colleges to improve the articulation between them. See also page A-105 of this JourNat. GraDUATION GtrT—If you are seeking an attractive but inexpensive gift to present to the members of your graduating class, the 16-page gift edition of the leaflet, Your Life in the Making, may be the answer. See page A-104. TALKING IT THROUGH is a manual for dis cussion groups issued by the Department of Secondary-School Principals of the Na- tional Education Association in connection with its discussion group project. Send 15¢ to the Department, either 1201 16th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C., or 5835 Kimbark Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. AN INTEGRATED COURSE in social studies and English in the sophomore year was offered this year by Central Highschool in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The course is taught by an English and a social studies teacher working together for two consecutive sev- enty-minute periods, four days a week. A specialist in speech arts meets the stu- dents for one of these periods each week. CAREER CONFERENCE—On Saturday, April 9, Temple University, Philadelphia, con- ducted its fourth annual Career Confer- ence. At this Conference there were group meetings on 36 different professions rang- ing from accounting to writing. This Con- ference serves a very real need and might be conducted by other colleges and uni- versities thruout the country. VACATION PROJECT—Why not suggest to your students the possibility of carrying on correspondence during the summer with one or more students in foreign lands? It is a fascinating hobby with definite educational values. Names of foreign stu- dents may be secured for a small service charge from the International Friendship League, 41 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, and from the Student Forum on International Relations, Phelan Building, San Francisco. ForuUMsS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE is the title of Bulletin 1937, No. 25, of the Office of HIGHSCHOOL 7 = 4 I ay i |, lj Suggestions and contributions from readers for this page are welcomed. Education of the United States Depart- ment of the Interior. It is a study of problems and plans involved in providing forum discussions for highschool and col- lege students, and for young people in the community. This 113-page book is avail- able for 15¢ from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. ARE is the title of an impressive ritual for the induction of freshmen into the Paseo Highschool, Kan- sas City, Missouri. It has been developed in order to acquaint newcomers with the ideals of citizenship and personal con- REMEMBER WHO YOU duct which have become traditional in the school. It is the result of eleven years of cooperative experimentation and _plan- ning by the students and faculty and is said to be approved whole-heartedly by parents. AN EXCITING DOCUMENT ON EDUCATION, be- lieve it or not, is the latest issue of Buzild- ing America entitled “Education.” It de- picts the rise of the American public-school system and presents some of its problems. The issue, like others in the series, is comprised largely of pictures with con- necting text. Excellent for helping high- school pupils gain an appreciation of the importance of education to democracy. Single copies are 30¢ each. Order from the Society for Curriculum Study, c/o E. M. Hale and Company, Eau Claire, Wisconsin. SCHOLARS, WORKERS, AND GENTLEMEN is the title of the Inglis Lecture in Secondary Education for 1938 by Malcolm S. Mac- Lean, Director of the General College of the University of Minnesota. He suggests a school system “running in three parallel channels with frequent crosscuts from one to the other.” The length of these chan- nels would be indeterminate. These chan- nels would deal with skills and technics, general education, and intensive focused training. The lecture may be had in a VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; MAY 1938 clothbound book from Harvard University Press, Cambridge, $1. BisLE stupy cLuss—West Highschool in Denver, Colorado, has an organization known as “The West Highschool Bible Study Club.” Charles Johnson and Clifford F, L. Mohr, sponsors of the club, believe it to be “the first independent undenomi national Bible Study Club to be organized in the highschools of the United States.” It proved so popular that clubs were organ ized in each of the five Denver highschools. If there are such clubs in other cities THe JouRNAL would like to hear trom them. SUMMER VACATION PLANS—What can your school do to help students make the best use of the summer vacation period? A few suggestions include themes on the sub- ject in English classes, assembly talks on vacation opportunities, conferences with individual students, discussions of plans in club and homeroom groups, and lists of books for summer reading. A Boy WITH AN 1DEA—A highschool boy in Lincoln, Nebraska, proposes to record information concerning the activities of some 250 of his classmates during the ten or fifteen years following their graduation. The project is an outgrowth of his activ- ity during the senior highschool, when he kept a record of social and scholastic activ- ities of some ninety of his classmates. The results proved interesting and revealing, and the larger project promises to be pro- portionately enlightening. Particularly will this be true since the group under observa- tion includes ten who are outstanding in every way, and fifteen who are below aver- age socially and scholastically. The project will be a fascinating hobby and valuable. —Nebraska Educational Journal for Feb- ruary 1938. FUTURE TEACHERS OF AMERICA is an organ- ization for junior and senior highschool students, growing out of the work of the NEA Committee on the Horace Mann Centennial. It aims to bring together in mutual helpfulness young people who wish to develop the finest personalities and to find out thru study whether they wish to make teaching their career. Schools interested in forming Future Teachers clubs may secure a fifty-cent packet of helpful material. Local groups sending national dues of 10¢ per member, receive a charter and a Future Teachers’ Library. Make checks payable to the Hor- ace Mann Fund and send to the NEA, 1201 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. [ 145 | For an Outpoor AssEMBLY— We may shut our eyes, but we cannot help knowing That skies are clear and grass is growing; The breeze comes whispering in our ear, That dandelions are blossoming near, That maize has sprouted, that streams are flowing, That the river is bluer than the sky, That the robin is plastering his house hard by.—From “Vision of Sir Launfal” by James Russell Lowell. THE THING WE Do BEsT in life is that which we play at most in youth—Elbert Hub- bard’s “Essay on Voltaire.” Wuat About VACATIONS? —The word vaca- tion is associated in our minds with rest and recreation, but school vacations began with nothing of the sort in mind. They be- gan at a time when the role of children in the world was considered to be that of being gainfully employed as early and as fully as possible. . . . But the conditions of life today are very different . . . Ameri- cans have come to believe that the role of children in today’s civilization is not gain- ful employment. So we see that a vacation period in the old sense of three, four, or five months is entirely out of keeping with the needs of children in these modern days. Such vacation periods have no place in our life today for their causes—both physical and social—have disappeared. If a long vacation is not justified, then what are we going to do with the children during the summer?—U, S. Commissioner of Educa- tion J. W. Studebaker. (See “Vacation— Profit or Loss?” p144 of this issue.) REMEMBER THE DATES—July 1-15, 1938—of the Second Annual Conference on Ele- mentary Education of the Department of Elementary School Principals, at New York University immediately following the NEA convention in New York City. Send in your reservation early. See p157. ARE YOU TEACHING CONSERVATION ?—Every pupil in our schools should have an oppor- tunity to discuss the conservation of our natural resources, not only of trees and for- ests, but of birds and other wild life. Con- servation also includes the matter of out- door good manners, not only in forest but on parkings and lawns and in the care of flowers, trees, and shrubs.—School Bulle- tin, Sioux City, Iowa. Suggestions for teaching conservation are given in the two following paragraphs: Junior Audubon Clubs offer an oppor- | 146 | The Journal will appreciate sugges- tions from readers for this page. tunity to vitalize natural science work, as well as awaken in boys and girls an appre- ciation of the beauty and economic value of birds. There are over 6000 such clubs in the United States. Are the children in your school enrolled? For information address the National Association of Audubon So- cieties, 1775 Broadway, New York City. John Muir Centennial—Material for ob- serving the 1938 centennial of America’s great naturalist and apostle of conservation, may be secured from the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. TEACHERS AND PLAYGROUND WORKERS may secure complete lists of publications on recreation, music, and drama from the National Recreation Association, 315 Fourth Avenue, New York City. How does your school garden grow?— The entire March 1938 issue of Recreation magazine is devoted to school garden proj- ects thruout the country, based on a survey of garden interests now being made by the National Recreation Association. Here is help for schools which already have gar- dens and for those which plan to begin them. Price, 25¢ from the NRA, 315 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Nature Garden Clubs are adaptable to all age levels and clubs are registered in schools ranging from primary grades to junior college. Helps for beginning a gar- den club may be secured from Karl H. Blanch, chairman, National Committee on Nature Garden Clubs, East Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania. A HAPPY COMBINATION — The recreation summer school (see description of Wich- ita, Kansas, school, March 1935 Journat, p83-85) is a happy combination of service, play, and companionship. Every town of any size may well have at least one sum- mer school. Teaching in these recreation summer schools offers a real challenge and presents abundant opportunity for experi- mentation. How would you teach your subject to students who are to receive no credit and who are taking the course only because it is instructive and intensely in- teresting? TWELVE TESTS OF A SUMMER CAMP are given by Fred C. Lasch in the April 1938 Parents’ Magazine. Discuss these tests with parents who plan to send their children to camp: “Who is the camp director? What is the motive—man-profit or child-growth? Is the camp equipment sufficient? ‘What about the program? Is it concerned with character education? Who are the coun- selors? ‘Grub’ or food—which? What about health precautions? Water? Sani- tation? Is the daily schedule well-balanced, yet flexible? Are there art and craft actiy- ities on the program? What about the swimming and boating safeguards? Is there a good camp morale or spirit among the campers? Where is the camp located?” SHARING EXPERIENCES THRU SCHOOL AS- SEMBLIES is the title of a 40-page pamphlet by the Association for Childhood Educa- tion, 1201 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C., price 35¢. Why not Try THIs?—‘“Parent Observation of Classroom Activities” is described in the December 1937 Childhood Education mag- azine by Edith M. Erb, Leon E. Slavens, and Helen R. Gulick of the Denver schools. Two elementary schools have experi- mented during the first week of each semester, when groups of parents have been invited to spend an hour in the class- room. After forty minutes of observation the children are taken by another teacher, leaving twenty minutes for discussion be- tween teacher and parents. A XYLOPHONE ORCHESTRA, made up of more than 35 students from grade three thru junior highschool, has been organized by Edna Frances Phinney, teacher of music in School 16, Indianapolis, Ind. The pupils make their own instruments and arrange their own songs. They are always in de- mand for school programs. The xylo- phones have from two to two-and-a-half octaves and three of the members have “big” xylophones which are chromatic. FaMous MEN AND WOMEN OF MAY—Birth- days which you may wish to observe in your classroom include: Horace Mann, May 4; Florence Nightingale, May 12; Charles A. Lindbergh, May 20; Richard Wagner, May 22; Ralph Waldo Emerson, May 25; Patrick Henry, May 29; Walt Whitman, May 31. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION founc about the 1 abou: edict in W exact TI gene is di ideal years furn gori: with mar day Succ Prof year are ienc by r mul non end. of a refc wh: bes! Th yea the apf clu hav cor tior adi ple yes dr VC hm Oe OSS Se to _s - ly l, t ALU ||| 4 OR MANY YEARS, there has been an exam- ination of the ques- tion of an ideal cal- endar. In an arith- metical sense no such ideal is pos- sible. The day is founded on the revolution of the earth about its axis. The year is founded on the revolution of the revolving earth about the sun. Astronomy lays down the edict that there can never be a calendar in which such a year will include an exact number of such days. The excellence of the calendar in general use—the Gregorian Calendar— is due to a close approximation to the ideal. The year of 365 days with 97 leap years of 366 days in every four centuries furnishes what, for all practical pur- poses, is a precise solar year. The Gre- gorian Year is thus associated accurately with the solstices and equinoxes which mark the length of sun and shadow in a day of 24 hours and the accompanying succession of the seasons. No change is proposed in the length of this calendrical year as a whole. Within the structure of the year, there are certain anomalies and inconven- iences. The calendar is used, day by day, by more and more people for constantly multiplying purposes, statistical, eco- nomic, social. Imperfections in the cal- endar embarrass an ever-extending range of affairs. The movement in favor of calendar reform arises out of the conviction that what is essential to man ought to be the best that the mind of man can conceive. This movement has been growing for years, and the question is now whether the National Education Association shall appear among many public bodies, in- cluding the League of Nations, which have calendar reform under sympathetic consideration. Our broad recommenda- tion is that the Association would be well advised to express such an approach. The question to be considered is sim- ple. What is the best way of dividing a year of 365 or 366 days into smaller periods—that is, months and weeks? The number of days in the calen- drical year is either 365 or 366. Neither VOLUME 27, NUMBER 53; MAY 1938 A New Calendar for a New World of these numbers can be divided into an exact number of 7-day weeks, or into an exact number of months and quar- ters. In Egypt the difficulty was met by treating the year of months as 360 days —12 months of 30 days apiece. The other 5 days were dedicated to religion. A less drastic and more comprehen- sive adjustment than this is now pro- posed. The year is treated as consisting of 364 days within the months. The 365th day is set between the last of De- cember and the first of January. It is known as Year or Year End Day. The additional day for Leap Year is set be- tween the last of June and the first of July. It is known as Leap or Leap-Year Day. The adoption of this proposal would greatly simplify the year, since the num- ber 364 is divisible as follows: 2 Xx 182; 4X91; 7 X52; 13 X28. First, the year would contain exactly 52 weeks of 7 days. Each day of every year would be the same day of the week. The calen- dar would be perpetual. Secondly, the months are rearranged. There are two proposals for rearrange- ment of the months, the Thirteen-Month Calendar and the World Calendar. The Thirteen-Month Calendar provides for thirteen months each of exactly four weeks. But after investigation at Geneva and elsewhere, this calendar, altho con- sidered with sympathy in certain quar- ters and adopted by certain concerns for the payment of wages, has been held im- practicable for general adoption. By a process of elimination, we thus arrive at the opinion that the World Calendar, is the only reform of the Gregorian Calen- dar on which it is useful for us to pass judgment. This calendar divides the 364 days thus: Two equal half-years of 182 days; four equal quarters of gt days; each quarter to consist of corresponding months—31, 30, and 30 days. Advantages of the World Calendar: [1] It abolishes the wandering week and provides for a perpetual almanac. [2] It retains and equalizes the half years now unequal. [3] It retains and equalizes the quar- ters, now unequal. Within each quarter, the various time-units—the g1 days, the 13 weeks, the three months—synchronize. [4] It regularizes the months and re- duces their inequalities to a minimum. Educationally, by adoption of the World Calendar, we would be relieved of the necessity of giving instruction in the different lengths of months which have no significance for most children in our schools. The calendar would be brought within the framework of or- derly arithmetic. A perpetual calendar would enable us to work out our educa- tional almanac, not only for the year in question but for years to come. Many arrangements would be as perpetual as the calendar itself. The task of arranging the required number of teaching days within the school year would be standardized and simplified. Holidays might sometimes intrude themselves into the middle of the week but they could not wander all over the week. A ten-day Christmas and New Year’s holiday could include two week-ends and no split week. The Council of the League of Nations has a treaty in draft which provides for the introduction of the World Calendar on January 1, 1939. This treaty has been submitted to governments of member and nonmember States of the League. This treaty is under the consideration of the State Department at Washington. In view of these circumstances, we rec- ommend the adoption of the following resolution: Wuereas, In the opinion of this Asso- ciation a simplification of the calendar would be of great advantage to education and educational institutions; and Wuereas, The League of Nations has submitted a draft treaty for the interna- tional adoption of the 12-month equal- quarter plan known as The World Calen- dar; be it therefore Resolved, That the National Education Association hereby endorses the 12-month equal-quarter plan for the simplification of the calendar; and that copies of this resolution shall be forwarded to the Presi- dent and the Secretary of State of the United States, to the President of the World Federation of Education Associa- tions, and to the Director General of the League of Nations. —Marcaret M. Rock, chairman, Sub- committee on Calendar Reform, NEA Committee on Resolutions. [ 147 | Carved in the gray limestone over an entrance to the International Building of Rockefeller Center, New York City, is this symbol of peace by Lee Lawrie, well-known American sculptor. ee .... and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.” HE 76th annual convention of the National Educa- tion Association at New York City June 26-30 will be dedicated to the role of the schools and education in building world citizenship. The program of this meet- ing will stimulate emphasis in the nation’s classrooms upon ihe ideal of peace that springs from international under- standing and goodwill. The road to peace is a long and weary road upon which mankind finds itself yet far from the destination announced on the signposts. The following milestones along the road, while not all permanently effective, bear the mark of a high ideal. They are suggested for the teacher who may wish to show how tenaciously peoples whose history is almost a succession of conflicts have clung to the hope of ultimate freedom from war. Pax Romana—The Pax Romana, a peace of political domination, was maintained by the Roman legions at the point of the javelin. It was an enforced peace that crashed in utter confusion when the cohorts of the Caesars became ineffective. The treaties which the Roman emperors com- pelled subordinate states to accept and respect were a valu- able experience in restraint. The comparative prosperity and advancement of culture made possible by these two hundred years of freedom from conflict helped fix the ideal of peace as a way of life for mankind. [ 148 | JAD Truce of God—The Truce of God was established at the Catholic Synod of Tuluges in Roussillon in 1027, and reached the peak of its influence during the twelfth cen- tury. It provided that armies should not engage in battle from Saturday noon until prime on Monday of each week or during certain religious festivals. According to the terms of the Truce, church buildings and the persons of priests and laborers were held inviolable from the ravages of armed conflicts. Later, merchants, peasants, and women were added to the list of protected persons. Tho the Truce of God was not an armed peace, it was an enforced peace, since excommunication and banishment from seven to thirty years were penalties for its violation. The Truce lost its effectiveness as a peace instrument when the power to enforce it declined. Line of Demarcation—By the good offices of Pope Alex- ander VI, in 1493, an imaginary line was traced west of the Azores from pole to pole, dividing between the Spaniards and the Portuguese territories discovered in the New World. While there was great dissension over the exact location of this “papal line of demarcation,” its represents the effect of intervention by mutually respected authority in averting international conflict. Codification of International Law—While the horrors of the Thirty Years’ war were depressing the hearts of a gen- eration of European peoples, Hugo Grotius published the first great systematic treatise on international law, in 1625. Grotius returned to the Roman jus gentium and laid down the fundamental doctrine of international law, namely, that the evidence of what that law is is the existing practice of nations. Thus, precedent and respect for the good opinion of neighbor nations came to prevent many wars, thru mutual agreements voluntarily arrived at. Holy Alliance—-A significant event of the reign of Alex- ander I of Russia was his proclamation of the Holy Alliance in 1815. Designed to achieve universal peace by uniting all the churches of Europe, the Alliance was a confession of faith in human brotherhood rather than a treaty im- posing practical obligations to refrain from war. With the death of Alexander, the Alliance soon dissolved, exemplify- ing the futility of an imposed peace, however benevolent its author. Monroe Doctrine—In his annual message to the United States Congress, President James Monroe, in 1823, set forth in words the doctrine which since bears his name that “the American continents by the free and independ- ent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future col- onization by any European powers.” For over a century, this policy of “hands off” has kept the Western Hemis- phere free of foreign entanglements. Pan-American Union—The Pan-American Union was organized April 14, 1890, to discuss political, economic, and THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION social tries | gener has h feren the o have Soutl belon Le Natic adop ende bodic posec vote. and emp! resea Ke Gen sign on / as a the nati ing. men peac A Con end ado; year Stat Stat sely ms the ther too vers con end Ital Gr Tre fur suk abr VOL] )N 10 Pea social questions involved in the relationships of the coun- tries in the Western Hemisphere. It will hold its eighth general conference at Lima, Peru, December 1938, and has held more than one hundred special and technical con- ferences, many of them in the beautiful building owned by the organization in Washington, D. C. The conferences have done much to create friendliness between North and South American countries, all of which, except Canada, belong to the Union. League of Nations—The Covenant of the League of Nations is a plan for systematic international cooperation, adopted as Article I of the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the World War. The League is composed of three bodies. The Assembly, large representative body, is com- posed of fifty-seven member nations, each of which has one vote. The Council includes Great Britain, France, Italy and the U. S. S. R. The Secretariat, located at Geneva, employs some five hundred men and women in continuous research and clerical activities. Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact—Offcially known as the General Pact for the Renunciation of War and originally signed by fifteen important powers of the world at Paris on August 27, 1928, this instrument openly outlaws war as a means of settling disputes. Less than two years after the treaty had been presented for signatures, sixty-three nations had signed or had expressed their intention of sign- ing. Fundamentally, it is a people’s treaty, and its enforce- ment rests upon the power of public opinion to maintain peace, Arms Limitation Conferences—|1| The Washington Conference on Armaments and Pacific Ocean Problems ended its deliberations on February 6, 1922. Delegates adopted the five-power naval limitation treaty. A fifteen- year treaty established a 5-5-3 ratio in battleships for United States, Great Britain, and Japan, respectively. The United States, Great Britain, France, and Japan pledged them- selves to respect each other’s possessions in the Pacific. [2] Following the Washington Conference, an agreement was drawn up between England, Japan, France, Italy, and the United States to prohibit the use of poison gas among themselves. Invitation to join in the prohibition was extended to other nations, but ratification of the treaty has not been uni- versal. Struggle for regulations concerning chemical warfare continues. [3] The London Naval Conference, January-April, 1930, ended in disappointment because of the failure of France and Italy to reach an agreement. The agreement was signed by Great Britain, Japan, and the United States. The Washington Treaty limited only battleships, but the London Treaty went further and included limitation of cruisers, destroyers, and submarines for the three powers. All five powers agreed upon a battleship construction holiday, now apparently about to be abrogated by all signers in a world armament race. Organized Effort—The rise of international organiza- VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; MAY 1938 tions has marked the acceptance of the principle that perma- nent peace does not rest upon threats, the intervention of authority, resort to courts, treaty agreements, or huge arma- ment—all of which may be defied or ignored—as much as it rests upon individual goodwill arising from understand- ing and cooperation toward a common purpose. Among the many associations for such cooperation are the International Red Cross, the Junior Red Cross, World Federation of Education Associations, Boy Scouts, Inter- national Chamber of Commerce, Rotary International, In- ternational Kiwanis, World Alliance for International Friendship thru the Churches, and many others whose literature describes scores of projects toward peace on which the peoples of many nations are working together. In addi- tion to these there are others operating principally in the United States, continuously advocating freedom from war. Among these are the National Council for the Pre- vention of War, World Peaceways, and the Foreign Policy Association. Education—The most important unified effort to peace is organized education. International houses at universities, student and professorial exchanges, institutes on interna- tional relations are but the occasional aspects of the interna- tionalism represented in science and literature and all knowledge, which owes allegiance to no dictator and tran- scends all political boundaries, uniting the peoples of the world in pride of the achievements of mankind. To the increase of appreciation for these achievements, and to the common purpose of all nations and races in advancing hu- man civilization, the New York Convention of the National Edu- cation Association is dedicated. | For references, see page A-97. | —BELMonT Farry. The bronze figure of “Uni- versal Peace” by Jules L. Butensky in the Metro- politan Museum of Art, New York City Courtesy, Metropolitan Museum of Art [ 149 | WORLD CITIZENS By CAROLINE S. WOODRUFF HE DRAMA of human life began on the gigantic stage of the world many thousands of years ago—long, long before recorded history drew aside the curtains and threw the spotlight on the play. The first acts, for all their simplicity, had moved in ac- cordance with the theme of the Great Playwright. Charred sticks and hollowed stones, brightly daubed cave murals, and megaliths—all the discarded stage properties of long forgotten scenes—reveal the conflicts of the grand drama: struggles for food and warmth and shelter, for beauty, for personal achievement, and spiritual perfection that have characterized the players of all times. As if the struggle for survival against the odds of hostile nature and the struggle to develop the latent capacities of man himself were not enough, at some fatal moment was introduced the struggle of man against his fellows, and history’s tale begins with thundering chariots and the clash of arms. Whether or not nations are merely “struggle groups,” as a modern sociologist insists, the development of strong national consciousness, from the days of the Hyksos to the days of Hitler, has always been accompanied by a show of force. The intense conflicts associated with the kaleido- scopic rise and fall of nations during the recorded years of history have often enticed the historian from the central theme of the great human drama, which, however vaguely it may be conceived, can scarcely be self-extermination thru bigger and better wars. It is only recently that historians have given us anything that can be properly called the his- tory of mankind, in contrast to the history of nations. The great achievements of the human race, the things that have contributed most to our physical and spiritual welfare, have seldom been national or even racial in char- acter. They have been attained thru the collaboration of citizens in one or more nations, or have always had a way of crossing political boundary lines to ameliorate the existence of peoples under every flag. There is no French way of curing tuberculosis or German method of solving a quad- ratic equation. No nation has a monoply on the automobile, the telephone, the radio, the electric light, soap, the tin can, pen and ink, the music of Wagner, or the Iliad of Homer. Astronomers of every nation peer at the stars with the instrument designed by Galileo, thru the lenses invented by some long forgotten artisan; human eyes search for truth in the Koran, the Talmud, and the Holy Bible. The fruits of science, agriculture, invention, sculpture, litera- ture—the most useful and beautiful and desirable things of the world—are non-national in character. They bear the mark of no flag, the seal of no dictator. The French may well be proud of Madame Curie, but she belongs to all people. The names of Harvey, Pas- teur, Reed are celebrated in the history of mankind—they are citizens of the world. Dr. W. W. Bauer, of the Ameri- | 150 | President, National Education Association can Medical Association says: “It seems to me that in the history of medicine thru the ages, there is to be found an excellent example of what constitutes world citizenship. There are no international medical treaties, no formal pledges; but actions speak louder than words. The progress of medicine against disease is a truly international achieve- ment, spurred by healthy rivalries and seldom marred by nationalistic quarrels. Sharing the conquest of diphtheria, we find the German von Behring, Klebs and Loeffler, the Japaneses Kitasato, the French Roux and Ramon, the American Park and Zingher. Insulin, discovered by the Canadian Banting did not remain a Canadian monoply any more than did liver for pernicious anemia or ethylene gas anesthesia remain American because of Minot, Murphy, and Whipple or Luckhardt. These discoveries were given to the world freely, without thought of individual profit or selfish national advantage.” What is true in medicine is true also in the science and art of education. Comenius, Froebel, Rousseau, and Mann have influenced educational procedure from Bronxville to Bombay. The great masterpieces of literature bear no national trademark. Byron and Goethe, Tennyson and Chaucer, Emerson and Burns—their music has transcended all boundaries and will live forever in all tongues. Even great characters of fiction have stimulated imagination thru the medium of every language—Nora in the doll’s house, Ham- let in the palace of his father, Robinson Crusoe on his lonely island, Seigfried, the Knights of King Arthur, Roland, Aeneas, Jean Valjean—and there is no end. “Whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, . . . whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report”—are things in which citizens of any nation may take pride as achievements of their fellowmen. One of the first tasks of the school in laying the basis for world citizenship is to teach the drama of mankind, with its petty conflicts and wasteful, progress-delaying struggles, of course—they are part of the show of the ages— but with the focus held on the great theme, represented in the conquest of disease and hunger and want thru science and invention, and the attainment of beauty and spiritual perfection against the odds of man’s own nature and the challenge of nature in the world about him. As H. G. Wells says, “Human history is one history and human welfare is one whole.” THE R! Address— + New } Mc \ddresse: Response- of the Greetings From Edu Address- tion Mo Greeting: The beg The clas: Teach The vier Memb The life presidi Mi } Labor at New | Address- Tue Section . Intelli Uni Indiv: Cor Attitu Section Recre Los Educe Section Presei Tu Art—B, Literatu Music— We Section eee Presic an Section ton ; Mon Section Castiz We Addres I | + VOLy THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION | ™ NEW YURK CITY PRUGKAM GENERAL THEME THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EDUCATION IN PROMOTING WORLD CITIZENSHIP Sunday, June 26, 4:30 pm—Vesper Service Address—Joseph R. Sizoo, minister of The Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas, New York City Monday, June 27, 9:00 am—First General Morning Session ial ef, all ~at he his ur, ire gs ny sis 1d, ng in ice ual rhe IIs are TION Addresses of welcome—New York State and City Officials Response—Emily A. Tarbell, president, Department of Classroom Teachers of the NEA Greetings—From England—J. Sunter, London, National Union of Teachers From Canada—E. A. Hardy, Ontario, treasurer, World Federation of Education Associations Address—Caroline S. Woodruff, president of the National Education Associa- tion OO Monday, June 27, 5:30 pm—Tenth Life Membership Dinner Greetings—Caroline S. Woodruff, president of the Association The beginning—J. W. Crabtree, secretary-emeritus of the Association The classroom teacher—Daisy Lord, past-president, Department of Classroom Teachers of the NEA The viewpoint of a school teacher from Capitol Hill—Hon. Noah Mason, Member of Congress from Illinois ‘ The life and work of Mrs. Mary C. C. Bradford—Jesse H. Newlon, past- president of the NEA . Le Monday, June 27, 8:00 pm—First General Evening Session labor and industry—Leo Wolman, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York City Address—Mary E. Woolley, president-emeritus, Mt. Holyoke College Tuesday, June 28, 9:00 am—Second General Morning Session Section A—Our children Intelligence—George Stoddard, director, Child Welfare Research Station, University of Iowa Individual guidance—Edwin A. Lee, director, National Occupational Conference Attitudes—Daniel Prescott, Rutgers University Section B—The part played by recreation and education in world citizenship Recreation—George Hijelte, Superintendent of Playground and Recreation, Los Angeles Education—Goodwin Watson, Columbia University | Section C—The latest developments in radio | Presented by the National Broadcasting Company Tuesday, June 28, 8:00 pm—Second General Evening Session What the Arts Contribute to World Citizenship Art—By a nationally known artist literature—Pearl S. Buck, author Music—By an outstanding leader in this field Wednesday, June 29, 9:00 am—Third General Morning Session Section A—A symposium by lay organizations interested in education Presiding—Mrs. J. K. Pettengill, president, National Congress of Parents and Teachers Section B—New York City school pageant—Dramatic and musical presenta- ton of the history of education in New York City (To be presented also on Monday evening and Tuesday afternoon) ‘ection C—Demonstration of educational broadcasting—Columbia Broad- casting System Wednesday, June 29, 8:00 pm—Third General Evening Session Address—Hon. Fiorello H. LaGuardia, Mayor of New York City VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; MAY 1938 Thursday, June 30, 9:00 am—Fourth General Morning Session Section A—Equal opportunity for all children Handicapped children—William B. Jack, superintendent of schools, Port- land, Maine The education of Negro children—Garnet C. Wilkinson, first assistant superintendent of schools, Washington, D. C. Juvenile delinquents—Judge Camille Kelley, Judge of the Juvenile Courts, Memphis, Tennessee Section B—Learning thru seeing The place of sound pictures in education—Edgar Dale, Ohio State Univer- sity Demonstration—Teaching human relations by the use of sound pictures— under the direction of Alice Keliher, Progressive Education Association, New York City Demonstration—Selecting motion pictures for school use—under the direc- tion of Jay B. Nash, New York University Section C—Problems of American youth How fare American youth?—Homer P. Rainey, director, American Youth Commission, Washington, D. C. Presentation of youth problems by three young people Thursday, June 30, 2:00 pm—International Program at the New York World’s Fair Grounds Presiding—Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt Address—Hon. Sumner Welles, Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D.C. Address—Ambassador from Europe Address—Ambassador from South America Presentation of Life Membership in the Association to Mrs. Roosevelt Presentation of the New President of the Association Thursday, June 30, 8:00 pm—Fourth General Evening Session Demonstration of civic activities of New York City—Presented by Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia Friday, July 1—Recreation Day Sight-seeing in New York City. Planned and conducted by New York City teachers REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY Tuesday, June 28, 9:00 am—Fiérst Business Session Report of Committee on Bylaws and Rules—Cornelia S. Adair Special report from the Executive Committee on Amendments Nominations for President, eleven Vicepresidents, Treasurer, and seventeen State NEA Directors Reports: Committee on Academic Freedom—Henry Lester Smith Committee on Cooperatives—Albert Shaw Committee on Credit Unions—James Moran National Council on Teacher Retirement of the NEA—George M. Pogue Committee on Supply, Preparation and Certification of Teachers—Bess Goodykoontz Appraisal Committee, Announcement by Orville C. Pratt Wednesday, June 29, 9:00 am—Second Business Session Problems facing professional organizations—Willard E. Given: Reports: Committee on Economic Status of the Rural Teacher—William McKinley Robinson Committee on Individual Guidance—Herbert R. Stolz Joint Committee of the NEA and ALA—Margaret R. Greer Joint Committee on Health Problems in Education—Thomas D. Wood Committee on Equal Opportunity—Gertrude Mallory Committee on Salaries—Willard S. Elsbree Joint Committee of the NEA and NCPT—Mrs. J. K. Pettengill Committee on International Relations—Annie C. Woodward Committee to Cooperate with the American Teachers Association—N. C. Newbold Preliminary Report of the Committee on Resolutions—J. Orin Powers Thursday, June 30, 9:00 am—Third Business Session Reports: Educational Policies Commission—A. J. Stoddard World Federation of Education Associations—Paul Monroe Legislative Commission—Sidney B. Hall Committee on Tenure—Donald DuShane Committee on the Horace Mann Centennial—Payson Smith Committee on Necrology—Mrs. Vina Aherne Committee on Resolutions—J. Orin Powers Board of Trustees—Joseph H. Saunders Treasurer—R. E. Offenhauer Auditing Committee—Edith Armitage Budget Committee—Helen T. Collins [ 151 | THE NEA DIRECTOR A State and National Leader HE DEVELOPMENT Of leadership comes high in the list of services which the National Education As- sociation has performed for the nation. From the beginning, the Association’s Board of Directors has drawn leaders from the various states who in their de- liberations at meetings of the Board have become familiar with national needs and problems, and have formed friend- ships reaching thruout the nation. Until year NEA State Directors were elected for one-year terms. Feeling the need for greater continuity and stability in this important body, the Representa- tive Assembly at Detroit amended the Bylaws, lengthening the term of the State NEA Director to three years—one- last third to be chosen each year. Lots were drawn for the one, two, and three-year terms necessary to put the three-year plan into effect. Under this new arrange- ment, the NEA Directors are divided into three groups one of which will be elected each year: For the following states in 1938, 1941, g 3 4 1944, and at each three-year interval thereafter: District of Col- Nevada umbia New Jersey Georgia New York Illinois North Dakota Indiana Ohio Kansas Pennsylvania Kentucky South Carolina Mississippi South Dakota Missouri Utah For the following in 1939, 1942, 1945: Arizona New Hampshire Arkansas New Mexico California Oklahoma Connecticut Oregon Florida Tennessee Hawaii Washington Iowa West Virginia Maine Wyoming Montana For the following in 1940, 1943, 1946: Alabama Minnesota Alaska Nebraska Colorado North Carolina Delaware Rhode Island Idaho Texas Louisiana Vermont Maryland Virginia Massachusetts Wisconsin Michigan [ 152 | The importance of the State Director is growing in significance. While the Representative Assembly carries the ul- timate responsibility for adopting the policies of the Association, the Board of Directors helps to formulate the policies and sees that they are carried out. The Board of Directors also elects each year one member of the Board of Trustees and two members of Committee. The State Director is the official rep- resentative in his state of the national Association. He represents the national organization in the conclaves of the state association. He speaks for the national Association at state conventions. He re- ports the activities of the national Asso- ciation in the state journal and organizes the Executive and promotes enrolment campaigns. The qualifications for State Director, written into the Bylaws at the Denver convention in 1925, are as follows: Any person to qualify to serve as Direc- tor, shall have been an active member, with dues paid in the National Education Association, and in a state, or district, or territory, and a local association, if organ- ized, for a five-year period immediately preceding the election. Only delegates who are active members of the NEA, and whose dues have been paid in a state, or district or territory, and a local association, if or- ganized, respectively, shall have the right to vote for such Directors. The State NEA Director is elected at the summer convention by the Repre- sentative Assembly upon nomination gf the delegates of the state involved. Thi arrangement does not make the Stat! NEA Director actually an officer of the! state association but several states recog.| nizing the need for closer integration, between the state and national associs. tions select their State Director info, mally at the annual meeting of the stay! association. This selection is then rat.) fied technically by the delegates at the NEA summer convention. One of the most serious problem faced by the national Association is the fact that many teachers know litt about its work. Often to rural teacher especially, the NEA is little more tha a name and is confused with othe agencies. One of the chief responsibilities of the State Director is to interpret th work of the national Association so tha the teachers of his state will know abou the splendid services which the organ. ization is rendering and to encourag them to participate in its activities. If the national Association is to con tinue to grow in size and strength, i'\ must continue to have a strong Board o Directors, a Board of recognized leader who can represent their states intelli gently and who can enlist the member ship in their states effectively. State Directors receive no salaries for their services and many of them inves a great deal of time and strength in the work of their national Association. The! only reward which they receive is the consciousness of important work wel done and their expenses to the summe convention. SAFETY FIRST! Student and teachers of t Cleveland Publi Schools gather aroun the microphone im! special broadcast of on} AMERICAN SCHOOLS, 4 cooperation with National Education At sociation, to show hos safety is taught in te classrooms, on the pla ground, and in the tracurriculum activilit, of the Cleveland Schoo} System. The schools ® other cities recently ol operating with the NE?) in a series of brow) casts on OUR AMERICH) scHooLs include Oi} land, Detroit, } Denver. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATIO' HE reso ferr Rules for mittee OP jiamentar The Com of the By “Standing necessary Bylaws il printed i referred In con it is imp is merely | to Stand Committ Explar this) is : appear i to becon CAPITALS the Byla' added a: be omuitt are expl The me to Augu ited to wise rec Rule 2 The ani Executi' An Act provide and be The E: furnish bership the Na for wh to all Charte! ments associa bershir basis. Rule 4 At the Assem ing of ing of and T nomir States, the A tory, the te son fc name Tesent upon to ser ber Assoc and | year VOL iN of Thi State! F the Cog. ttion| OCi2- | rfor. | State | rat. | - the HE REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY of 1937 by resolution provided that our Bylaws be re- ferred to the Committee on Bylaws and Rules for purposes of recodificaion. The Com- mittee on Bylaws and Rules has employed Par- jjamentarian Bottolfsen to assist in this matter. The Committee recommends that certain portions of the Bylaws be classified under the heading of “Standing Rules.” To accomplish this it will be necessary for amendments to be made to the Bylaws in each case. Sections of the Bylaws as printed in the 1937 Proceedings {p686-98] not referred to here remain as they are. In considering the proposals of the Committee it is important to note that most of the material is merely a transfer of classification from Bylaws | to Standing Rules. The recommendations of the lems| s the Little| hers than rther ities + the that. bout| gan. rage con-| h, it dal ders telli aber: 5 for} Vvest| he The! - the well’ mer | } deni| f the} i blic “ound in 6) f out S, HF th| n As | hon n the} play} e a ryitie!| choo | als of ly oy NEA| rods: RICA | Ost antl 10%) Committee follow. Explanation: Material in roman type (such as this) is set forth in the same words which now appear in the Bylaws, but in the proposed plan is to become a Standing Rule as indicated. sMALL CAPITALS indicate the portion that is to remain in the Bylaws. Words or phrases in italics are to be added as indicated. Words in brackets [ ] are to be omitted as indicated. Words in parentheses (_ ) are explanatory notes of this committee report. STANDING RULES (From Article I of the Bylaws) Rule 1 [Sec. 8] Membership Year The membership year shall be from September 1 to August 31. All membership dues shall be cred- ited to the current membership year unless other- wise requested. Rule 2 [Sec. 9] Time and Place of Payment of Dues The annual dues of members shall be sent to the Executive Secretary on or before December 31. An Active Member failing to pay dues as herein provided shall forfeit the privileges of membership and be dropped from the list of members. Rule 3 [Sec. 10] Membership Card The Executive Secretary of the Association shall furnish each member of the Association a mem- bership card, declaring him to be a member of the National Education Association for the year for which his dues are paid, and as such entitled to all the rights and privileges granted by the Charter and Bylaws of the Association. Arrange- ments may be made with local and state affliated associations for the issuance of a coinclusive mem- bership card, or insignia, or both on a voluntary basis. (From Article Il of the Bylaws) Rule 4 [Sec. 2] Election of Officers and Qualifica- tions of Directors At the first business meeting of the Representative Assembly on the second day of the annual meet- ing of the Association, nominations for the follow- ing offices shall be made: President, Vicepresident, and Treasurer. Candidates for said offices shall be Nominated from the floor upon roll call of the states. On the first day of the annual meeting of the Association the delegates of each state, terri- tory, and district of the United States in which the term of office expires shall nominate one per- son for member of the Board of Directors and the name of such person shall be reported to the Rep- Tesentative Assembly at the first business meeting upon roll call of the states. Any person to qualify to serve as director shall have been an active mem- ber with dues paid in the National Education Association and in a state, or district, or territory, and a local association, if organized, for a five- year period immediately preceding the election. VOLUME 27, NUMBER 53 MAY 1938 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RECODIFICATION Only delegates who are active members of the NEA and whose dues have been paid in a state, or district, or territory, and a local association, if organized, respectively, shall have the right to vote for such directors. On the fourth day of the annual meeting officers shall be elected from the candidates by the delegates to the Representative Assembly by ballot. Said ballots shall be printed and shall contain the names of all nominees as provided above. Polls for voting shall be open from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M., at such place or places as the President of the association shall designate. The candidates for President, Treasurer, member of Board of Directors from each state, territory, or district, respectively, in which the term of office expires and the eleven candidates for the office of Vicepresident receiving the highest number of votes shall be declared elected. The President of the Association shall appoint tellers and complete all arrangements for carrying out the election. The results of the election herein provided shall be announced at the final business session of the Representative Assembly. The officers thus chosen shall continue in office until the close of the annual meeting subsequent to their election, and until their successors are chosen, except as herein pro- vided. The Executive Secretary and the Treasurer shall enter upon their duties at a date which shall be determined by the Board of Trustees and which shall not be later than the first of October and shall continue in office during the term for which they are separately chosen and until their suc- cessors are duly elected. Sec. 5 EacH AFFILIATED ASSOCIATION, LOCAL, SHALL BE FURNISHED A MEMBERSHIP. | and] BOTH STATE AND CERTIFICATE OF Rule 5 Relationship: National, State, and Local Each affiliated association shall be entitled to the active assistance and support of the National Education Association in promoting the interest of such affiliated association and its members inso- far as such interest comes within the purpose and object of the National Education Association as set forth in its Charter. The Executive Secretary of the National Education Association shall, with the advice and approval of the Executive Committee, make such arrangements for mutual cooperation between the National Education Association and the state and local affiliated associations as will promote the welfare of all and advance the inter- ests of the teaching profession. (From Article III of the Bylaws) Sec. 2 THE ExecuTIvE SECRETARY SHALL KEEP A FULL AND ACCURATE RECORD OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENERAL MEETINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND ALL MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, SHALL CONDUCT THE BUSINESS OF THE ASSOCIATION AS PROVIDED IN THE ACT OF INCORPORATION AND THESE BYLAWS AND, IN ALL MATTERS NOT DEFINITELY PRESCRIBED THEREIN, SHALL BE UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE BoarD OF DIRECTORS OR OF THE EXECUTIVE Com- MITTEE ACTING FOR THE Boarp OF DiRECTORs, AND, IN THE ABSENCE OF INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE BoarD OF DIRECTORS OR THE EXECUTIVE TEE, SHALL BE UNDER THE DIRECTION OF ComMITtT- THE PresipENT. [He] OF THE BYLAWS Rule 6 Other Duties of the Executive Secretary The Executive Secretary shall receive or collect all moneys due the Association and pay the same each month to the Treasurer. He shall counter- sign all bills approved for payment by the Board of Directors, or by the Executive Committee act- ing under the authority of the Board of Directors, or by the President acting under authority of the Board of Directors or of the Executive Committee. The Executive Secretary shall have his records present at all meetings of the Association, of the Board of Directors, and of the Executive Com- mittee. He shall keep a list of members and shall revise said list annually. He shall be secretary of the Board of Directors. He shall be the custodian of all the property of the Association not in charge of the Treasurer and the Board of Trustees. He shall give such bond for the faithful performance of his duties as may be required by the Board of Trustees. He shall submit his annual report to the Executive Committee not later than fifteen days before the annual meeting of the Association, which report shall be transmitted to the Board of Directors at its annual meeting. At the expira- tion of his term of office, he shall transfer to his successor all money, books, and other property in his possession belonging to the Association. The Executive Secretary shall not print, publish, or distribute any official report or other document without the approval of the Board of Directors or of the Executive Committee acting under the gen- eral instruction of the Board of Directors. Sec. 2 THE TREASURER SHALL PERFORM THE DUTIES PRE- SCRIBED BY THE ACT OF INCORPORATION AND THES! BYLAWS. HE SHALL RECEIVE FROM THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE BoaRD OF TRUSTEES, SHALL HOLD IN SAFEKEEPING ALL MONEYS PAID TO THE ASSOCIATION; SHALL PAY THE SAME ONLY UPON THE ORDER OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. AND, Rule 7 Other Duties of the Treasurer The Treasurer shall notify the President of the Association and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees whenever the surplus funds in his pos- session exceed $500; shall keep an exact account of his receipts and expenditures with vouchers for the latter, and said accounts, ending the thirty-first day of May each year, he shall render to the Executive Committee not later than ten days before the annual meeting of the Association, and when approved by said committee, these ac- counts shall be transmitted by this Committee to the Board of Directors at its meeting held in con- nection with the annual meeting of the Associa- tion and a copy of the report shall be transmitted to the Representative Assembly for its information. The Treasurer shall give such bond for the faith- ful performance of his duties as may be required by the Board of Trustees. At the expiration of his term of office, he shall transfer to his successor all moneys, books, and other property in his pos- session belonging to the Association. on Rule 8 [Sec. 4f] Other Duties of Board of Di- rectors The Board of Directors shall appoint at its annual meeting a Budget Committee for the ensuing year, whose duty it shall be to prepare and present a budget to the Board of Directors. at its next meeting. The Budget Committee shall have au [ 153 | thority to secure the support of the Auditing Committee in preparing this budget. (From Article VI of the Bylaws) Rule 9 [Sec. 1] Auditing Committee Not later than five months before the end of the fiscal year, the President shall appoint an Audit- ing Committee, consisting of three active members of the Association, no one of whom shall be either a trustee or a director; to this committee shall be referred the report and audit of the expert account- ant or accountants, together with the communica- tion of the President transmitting the same as provided in [section 5 of this Article] Rule 13 of these Rules; and the committee shall report its findings to the Board of Directors. Rule 10 [Sec. 2] Delegates Meet by States On the first day of the annual meeting of the As- sociation, at such time and place as shall be desig- nated on the annual program by the President of the Association, the accredited delegates to the Representative Assembly from each state shall elect one member and one alternate who are active members of the Association for each of the following committees, to serve for the ensuing year: Credentials, Resolutions, and Necrology. The Committee on Credentials shall receive the official list of delegates from the Executive Secre- tary and report thereon to the Representative Assembly. Rule 11 [Sec. 3] Resolutions The Committee on Resolutions shall report at the annual Business meeting of the Representative As- sembly, and except by unanimous consent or by a two-thirds vote, all resolutions shall be referred to said committee without discussion. This com- mittee shall receive and consider all resolutions proposed by active members, or referred to it by the President; some time during the second day of the annual meeting of the Association the com- mittee shall hold a meeting, at a place and time to be announced in the printed program, for the purpose of receiving proposed resolutions and hearing those who may wish to advocate them. Rule 12 [Sec. 4] Necrology The Committee on Necrology may prepare for the published proceedings brief memorial tributes to members who have died during the year. Rule 13 [Sec. 5] Examination of Accounts Within thirty (30) days prior to the time of the annual meeting of the Association, the President shall appoint a competent person, firm, or cor- poration, licensed to do business as expert ac- countants; the accountant or accountants so ap- pointed shall examine the accounts, papers, and vouchers of the Executive Secretary, the Treasurer, and the Board of Trustees, and compare the same; shall also examine the securities of the permanent fund held by the Board of Trustees. The report of said accountant or accountants shall be filed with the President not less than ten days before the opening day of the annual meeting of the Asso- ciation, and shall be by him submitted to the Auditing Committee with such comments as he may think proper. Rule 14 [Sec. 6] Bylaws and Rules There shall be a Committee on Bylaws and Rules which shall serve as an advisory and interpreting committee. The committee shall consist of five members appointed by the President as follows: In July 1935, the retiring President shall appoint two members, one to serve for three years and one to serve for four years. The incoming President | 154 | shall appoint three members of this committee: one to serve for one year; one to serve for two years; and one to serve for five years. In July 1936, and in each July thereafter, the President shall appoint one member to serve for five years. All proposed amendments to the Charter and to the Bylaws shall be referred to this committee for comment. This committee shall be responsible for recommending and presenting rules of pro- cedure to the Representative Assembly from year to year. This committee may render decisions on any points referred to it by the Executive Com- mittee, the Executive Secretary, or the President of the Association. Rule 15 [Sec. 9] Publishing Committee There shall be a Publishing Committee consist- ing of five members elected by the Representative Assembly by the method known as the Hare Sys- tem of Proportional Representation. Nominations shall be made by petitions signed by ten delegates and presented to the Executive Secretary on the second day of the annual meeting. The election in 1936 shall be held on Thursday by printed ballot. Provision shall be made by the Rules Com- mittee for the nomination and election in 1937 to be held on the first day upon which the Repre- sentative Assembly meets. ‘This committee shall be responsible for editing and preparing that por- tion of the minutes of the Representative Assembly which shall be published in the printed pro- ceedings. Rule 16 [Sec. 7] Additional Committees The Representative Assembly may provide such additional committees as it may deem wise. Rule 17 [Sec. 8] In all committees, boards, or councils in which the entire personnel is named that year by the Presi- dent, the President shall appoint the chairmen, all other cases, the committee, board, or coung] shall elect its own chairman. (From Article VII of the Bylaws) Rule 18 [Sec. 2] Meetings of Assembly, Directors and Trustees (A) The annual business meeting of the Rep. resentative Assembly shall begin at 9 a.M., on the second day of the annual meeting of the Associa. tion. A regular meeting of the Board of Directoy shall be held in connection with the annual me¢. ing of the Association. The time and place of such meeting shall be designated in the program. The Executive Secretary shall notify the members of the Board of Directors of the time and place of meeting, not less than thirty (30) days before the meeting. (B) The first regular meeting of the new Board of Directors shall be held as soon as practicable and within twenty-four hours after the close o the last session of the annual meeting. The place and time of this meeting shall be announced in the printed program. (C) The Board of Trustees shall hold its annual meeting at some convenient time and immed- ately following the meeting of the new Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Trustees may be called by the chairman and shall be called on request of a majority of the Board of Trustees, Due notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees shall be given to every member of the Board by the secretary thereof. Note: These standing rules may be amended in au cordance with Article 1X, 3 of the Bylaws. Section CorneELiA S. Apatr, Chairman REUBEN T. SHAW PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO NEA BYLAWS Additions to the Bylaws are printed in italic type. ARTICLE II, SECTION 2 Amend the sixth sentence as follows: (This is proposed in order to meet certain problems in con- nection with arranging the program for the con- vention in 1938): On the fourth day of the annual meeting, officers shall be elected from the candidates by the dele- gates to the Representative Assembly by ballot, provided, however, that in the year 1938 this election shall be held on the third day. ARTICLE III, SECTION I Amend line two of the first sentence by th- addition of the following words after the word “Bylaws”: “and Standing Rules.” ARTICLE Ill, SECTION 4(d) Amend line five by the addition of the follow- ing words after the word “Bylaws”: “and Stand- ing Rules.” ARTICLE III, SECTION 4(e) Amend by omitting the last clause in the first sentence: [“shall elect members of the National Council of Education, as provided in Section 2 of Article IV of these Bylaws.” | ARTICLE Ill, SECTION 4(e) Amend by adding at the end of the sentence the following words: “and Standing Rules.” ARTICLE III, SECTION 4(g) Amend by adding the following words aftet the words “Board of Directors”: “and Committe on Bylaws and Rules.” ARTICLE V, SECTION 3 Amend by adding the following words in the third line after the word “Bylaws”: “and Standing Rules.” ARTICLE IX, SECTION 2 Amend line two by the addition of the follow ing after the word “Bylaws”: “and Standing Rules.” ARTICLE IX, SECTION 3 Amend by the addition of new Section 3 as follows The Standing Rules may be amended at tht annual meeting of the Representative Assembly, without notice by a two-thirds vote of the Reptt sentative Assembly, and by a majority vote of tht Representative Assembly if the amendment shal have been proposed in writing at the annual bus ness meeting next preceding the one at whith action is taken. ARTICLE X, SECTION 2 Amend the first part of the first sentence 5 substituting the following: “In all voting proposed amendments to the Charter, Bylaws, # Standing Rules” ... in place of “In all votiig on proposed amendments to the Charter and proposed amendments to the Constitution of the Bylaws..." DC Chai mitte Scho N SIX? soev' teacl ax state: mployn wal cor ifm co wovisiol ases of achers year tO } it speci eventec protecte visions. Five viding | year to by a sp not to | In one dass ci mainde for cor Montar contint period are not ing fo Minne mM col dismis: sipula teache: Tea for cor redres: teache renew that t tunity the er In | Wide, tain ¢ lation mere] by th Th Séven ally, THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION VOL) nc! tors, Rep- the Cia. ctors leet: such s of ¢ of cable e of dlace d in nual redi- d of ry be 1 on tees, stees d by n ae the after pittee ding low: ding lows: + the nbly, epre: f the shall bus hich e by ry on is, OF oting r the ION The Status of Tenure Legislation DONALD DU SHANE Chairman, NEA Tenure Com- mittee and Superintendent of Schools, Columbus, Indiana soever has been passed to protect the teacher’s tenure of position. T wenty- ix states have laws providing for the mployment of teachers beyond the an- wal contract. In several of these, long- fm contracts are permitted but this wovision does not always eliminate aes of unfair dismissal. In six states tachers’ contracts are continuous from ar to year terminable only upon cause, it specified dates, with due notice. In eventeen states teachers are more or less protected by tenure laws of varying pro- visions. Five states have statewide laws pro- viding that teachers are employed from year to year continuously unless notified by a specified date that the contract is not to be renewed for the ensuing year. ln one other state, Minnesota, the first- ass cities are on tenure while the re- mainder of the state is under provisions for continuing contracts. In one state, Montana, the contract does not become wntinuous until after a probationary yeriod of two years. Causes for dismissal are not usually included in laws provid- ing for continuing contracts, but the Minnesota law stipulates that teachers m continuing contracts shall not be dismissed for reasons other than those tipulated for the dismissal of tenure ttachers in the firstclass cities. Teachers employed under provisions or continuing contracts do not have any redress in case of dismissal, but notice to ttachers whose contracts are not to be ttnewed must be given early enough so that they will have reasonable oppor- tunity to seek employment elsewhere for the ensuing year. In six states the tenure law is state- Wide. In ten states it applies only to cer- tain districts or those of specified popu- tion size. In one state, Michigan, it is merely permissive, to be accepted or not by the voters of local districts. The school employees covered by these *venteen varying tenure laws are, usu- ally, all certificated employees. In four [ SIXTEEN STATES no legislation what- states—Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, and Wisconsin—superintendents are in- cluded. Sometimes the assistant prin- cipal and visiting teachers are specifi- cally mentioned. The Pennsylvania law specifies “teachers, supervisors, supervis- ing principals, principals, directors of vocational education, dental hygienists, visiting teachers, school secretaries, the selection of whom is on the basis of merit as determined by eligibility lists, school nurses, who are certified as teach- ers, and any regular fulltime employee of a school district who is duly certified as a teacher.” Pennsylvania is the only state which provides tenure from the beginning of employment without a probationary pe- riod. In the other fifteen states teachers must serve satisfactorily during a pro- bationary period of from one to five years before earning tenure protection. In some states teachers are placed on tenure automatically at the end of the probationary period while in other states election to tenure status is required at the end of the probationary years. Under the latter conditions schoolboards are occasionally tempted to dismiss teachers at the end of the probationary period to avoid placing them on tenure. Michigan has provided for continuing contracts for probationary teachers; Michigan and Kansas stipulate that probationary teachers may not be dismissed except for reasons specified as legal causes for dismissal of the teachers on tenure. The causes usually specified for legal dismissal of teachers on tenure are im- morality, incompetency, inefficiency, in- subordination, neglect of duty, conduct unbecoming a teacher, and justifiable decrease in number of teaching posi- tions. In addition, the Oklahoma and Pennsylvania laws mention that tenure shall not interfere with the age for superannuation retirement or the provi- sions for disability retirement. The Cali- fornia and Indiana laws include the proviso that tenure shall cease at the age of sixty-five—employment in California thereafter to be at the discretion of the employing schoolboard. The Colorado and Oklahoma laws state that dismissal shall not be for religious or political reasons and the Indiana law reads “po- litical or personal reasons.” When a teacher under tenure is to be dismissed, he is to be given notice of from ten to ninety days. The New Jer- sey law mentions only that “reasonable notice” be given. The hearing of charges against the teacher follows notice of dis- missal automatically in five states, but must be requested by the teacher in ten states. Hearings may be public or pri- vate, usually at the option of the teacher. The decision of the schoolboard is final in three states altho practice has proved that this limitation does not always pre- clude civil court action. In three states the teacher may appeal to the state super- intendent; in three states a tenure com- mission is created by the tenure law to serve as a court of appeal. No provision for appeal of cases is included in Colo- rado, Massachusetts, or Minnesota laws. Tenure legislation is under consider- ation in several states and will doubtless be enacted into law during the next year. VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; MAY 1938 Photo by Signal Corps, U. 8S. Army The skyline of lower Manhattan as seen from Governors Island in New York Harbor [ 155 | Safeguarding Teachers Salaries VITAL IssuE—The question of teach- A ers’ salaries has again become acute as a result of economic con- ditions. Only by systematic action can harm to the schools thru reduced salaries be averted. Thru continued effort by the National Education Association and the various state associations, teachers’ sal- aries had improved greatly during the years before the depression. The decline which took place during the depression is being corrected in many communities by salary restorations, but these are now threatened by the new crisis. The average salary paid to teachers in this country in 1917 was $655. The biennial salary survey made a year ago by the NEA Research Division showed that this average had increased to $1440 in 1931, that it declined to $1227 during the depression, but that in 1937 it re- turned to $1325. What can be done at this time to prevent a general recession in teachers’ salaries? NEA Salary Committee meets—To safeguard gains and prevent further re- duction, the National Education Asso- ciation has appointed a National Com- mittee on Salaries, which met at head- quarters recently. It is expected that the Committee will issue bulletins dealing with problems of teachers’ salaries and plans of salary scheduling. These bul- letins will be useful to local salary com- mittes of teachers, boards of education, and superintendents. Members of the Committee are: Dr. Willard S. Elsbree, Teachers College, Columbia University, chairman: Dr. John Guy Fowlkes, University of Wis- consin; Dr. Lida Lee Tall, president, State Teachers College, Towson, Mary- land; Dr. Dennis H. Cooke, George Peabody College; and Miss Clara L. Jahnke, classroom teacher, Spokane, Washington. The work which is being done by state and local groups to. meet the salary crisis is indicated in the following para- graphs: Wisconsin Assoctation in action—The state teachers association in Wisconsin has conducted a vigorous campaign for complete restoration of salaries in 1938- 39. A bulletin prepared for use in the | 156 | Sy campaign, Facts To Be Considered in Determining Salaries for 1938-39, will be helpful to other committees working on salary problems. It presents the case for restoration, by use of diagrams, charts, and statistics based on economic trends and living costs. Copies may be secured from O. H. Plenzke, Wisconsin Education Association, 404 Insurance Building, Madison, Wisconsin. The chart on this page is from the Wisconsin bulletin. New Jersey Association on guard— In Trenton, New Jersey, the board of education last fall failed to restore sal- ary cuts in compliance with the state minimum salary law. A test case, fi- nanced by the New Jersey State Associa- tion, was carried to the State Commis- sioner and State Board of Education. The decision in favor of teachers is re- garded as important not only in Tren- ton, but in every New Jersey community which failed to make full salary restora- tion on July 1, 1937. Elizabeth Teachers’ Assoctation se- cures adjustment—The effective work of the Research Committee of the Eliz- AVERAGE SALARIES OF OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AT SEVERAL POINTS OF SERVICE g° ss: 2660 E ae 9400 Orchiclecture i Sato 6470 Laur Engineering S310 a Medicine | HR Dentestry f) oo Oe ing 3S aie Library Wort, iso Journalism 25 Ministry @ ie —— _ fm 333 toch leaching 2256 Social Wort § ‘228 Nursing 13h prerrr ) "aching % bal Becinning Saary C—) Arrer 5 Years [0 ® Meoian Sacary Arter 30 Years Sl From a bulletin of the Wisconsin Education Association abeth, New Jersey, Teachers’ Associ tion shows what local group action mg accomplish. With the approval of the board of education, the teachers pre pared a 20-page bulletin entitled Th Teachers Present Their Case: The Shy, gart Plan of Adjusted Increments. The Shugart Plan did not seek py, marily to increase salaries, but only y provide a partial restoration of the ip crements due the teachers. Following adoption of the Plan by the Board ¢ School Estimate, the Elizabeth Dail Journal commented editorially: “The teachers went about it wisely a manner that appealed to the city official and the people. They refused to as restoration of the thousands of dollars the had individually lost. They refused to tak any other attitude than that of sharing th community’s hard times and financial wor ries. Moreover, they asked only partial pay ment of what would be their losses ove another long term of years, if nothin more were granted than restoration of a nual increments. The justice of their ap peal was apparent. . . . The city will reap results from its fair dealing. It has aug mented its reputation for interest in publ education and loyalty to its schools.” Other local groups at work inclut the teachers of Wichita, Kansas; Peoria Illinois; and Montgomery Count Maryland. These are but a few of th places that have written to the NEA Re search Division for bulletins and bibl ographies. The forthcoming Nation Education Association Report, Cow# Decisions on Teacher Tenure, contait a number of implications for those inte'| ested in salary problems. Copies of thi bulletin, which is just off the press, ma be obtained for 25 cents from the NEA W hat is your community doing?-t your state or local association has beet| active in the salary field in recet| months, send a full account to the S#| ary Committe of the National Educatidt| Association, 1201-16th St. N. W., Wast ington, D. C., so that your experient) may be made available to other groups The Committee is particularly eager © receive reports of salary campaigns até bulletins and leaflets that have prove effective. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION g the wor Pay over thing fan: I ap reap aug bli Ri sori unty,| f te \ Re bibl: jona Court tains} inter may NEA Pt beet ecenl | ; Sal] ation | Vash} jenct} oups rer i) s ane on \ TION The Magic That Is Manhattan THREE OF THE HUNDREDS OF VIEWS WHICH WILL BE ENJOYED BY TEACHERS ATTENDING THE NEA CONVENTION IN NEW YORK CITY, JUNE 26-30. Horydcezak Second Annual Conference on Elementary Education SPONSORED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS AND THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION OF NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, JULY I-15, 1938 Theme: The American School in Transition HIS CONFERENCE will be held immediately following the con- i teticion of the National Education Association. It will consist principally of three types of programs, as outlined below: I. AssEmBLies—The entire group will meet daily for lectures by prominent social analysts and educators who will discuss these topics in the American scene: The School in a Changing Society, Philosophy of the New School, and The Administration of the School in Transition. II. Sections—The following sections will be adjusted to suit the desires of the registrants: Section 1: The Pupil—Growth, Personality Adjustment, Adapt- ing Schools to Needs, Guidance Program, Grouping, Grading, Developing Creative Expression, Developing Social-Economic Consciousness, Gifted, Maladjusted, Individual Records, etc. Section 2: The Teacher and Teaching—Making Teacher Par- ticipation a Success. The Teacher: Education, Adjusting Mal- adjusted Teachers, Training in Service, How to Inspire Teach- ets to Secure Broader Professional Outlook and Greater Interest VOLUME 27, NUMBER 5; MAY 1938 waseme man ee ee ee ey - erro ee" Pies eS AR RE Edward Ratcliffe Harris & Ewing in World Affairs. Teaching: Improvement, Teaching the Whole Child, Types of Procedures, Special Education, etc. Section 3: The Curriculum—Interpretation of and Its Develop- ments, Broadening, Developing an Integrated Curriculum, Building of Curricula, Curricula in Modern Schools, Various Subjects, Activity Units, Individual Instruction, etc. Section 4: Evaluation: Appraising the Elementary School. Section 5: Practicum: A round table to discuss problems and issues that do not fit naturally into the other sections. III. SoctaL EVENTS AND ENTERTAINMENT—There will be group socials, symphonies, band concerts, opera and theatre programs. Fees, Credits, Housing Accommodation, and the like—Univer- sity fee for those who do not wish college credit is $15. The University fee for those who wish two points of credit is $22. Registration and discussion of summer conference plans will take place on Saturday, July 1, at 10 aM, in the auditorium of the School of Education Building, 35-41 West Fourth Street. The entire group will be accommodated at the Prince George Hotel. If you are interested in this conference, write for full informa- tion to Eva G. Pinkston, executive secretary, Department of Elementary School Principals, National Education Association, 1201 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. [ 157 ] Classroom Teachers Dinner, Summer Convention 3 From Hawa came the first reservations for the annual dinner of the Department of Classroom Teachers to be held on Thurs- day evening, June 30, at the Grand Ball- room of the Hotel Commodore in New York City. Reservations for this affair, which will climax the NEA convention, may be made with Solomon Greenfield, Stuyvesant Highschool, 345 East 15th Street, New York. Tickets are $2.50 each. First reservations will receive the best tables. Only 2500 may be accommodated. The committee headed by Miss Constance Friend is planning an unusually distinctive program. Departments and Allied Organiza- tions at New York y% IN appiTIon to the general sessions and meetings of the Representative Assembly the following departments and groups allied with the National Education As- sociation will conduct programs: National Council of Education; Departments— Administrative Women in Education, Adult Edu- cation, Art Education, Business Education, Class- room Teachers, Deans of Women, Educational Research, Elementary School Principals, Kinder- garten-Primary Education, Lip Reading, Music Education, Rural Education, Health and Physical Education, Science Instruction, Secondary Educa- tion, Secondary School Principals, Social Studies, Special Education, Supervisors and Directors of Instruction, Supervisors and Teachers of Home Economics, Visual Instruction, Vocational Educa- tion; Allied Groups—American Association of Visiting Teachers, American Classical League, Conference on Industrial Arts, Conference on School Libraries, National Association of Journal- ism Directors, National Association of Secretaries of State Teachers Associations, National Associa- tion of School Secretaries, National Association of Teachers of Speech (Elementary School Commit- tee), National Conference on Student Participation in School Government, National Congress of Par- ents and Teachers, National Council of Geography Teachers, National Council of Teachers of Eng- lish, National Council of Teachers of Mathe- matics, National League of Teachers Associations, National Vocational Guidance Association, Na- tional Youth Administration, School Garden Asso- ciation of America, School Public Relations Asso- ciation, The Forgotten Pupil yy Tue meetine of the Department of Sec- ondary Education in connection with the NEA convention in New York City, will be devoted to the theme, Pupil.” “The Forgotten This Department issues a Bulletin four times a year which carries articles written by highschool teachers. Contribu- tions are invited on the practical aspects of the teacher’s work in the secondary school. Send them to 1201 16th St., N. W., Wash- ington, D. C., and they will be placed in the hands of Ernest D. Lewis, editor. | 158 | YY py OI) “Mlb tlh hhildddld tld ts / NOTES Teachers Will Visit Gettysburg vx A TRAVEL Tour of special educational importance will be convenient and avail- able at little extra cost for teachers who at- tend the 76th annual convention of the NEA in New York City June 26-30, 1938. At historic Gettysburg, Pa., scene of the three-day decisive battle of the Civil War, the Blue and the Gray will assemble to ob- serve the 75th anniversary of the engage- ment in what is likely to be the final joint reunion of the surviving veterans. This event will be a fitting climax to a conven- tion of which the theme is to be “The Re- sponsibility of Education in Promoting World Citizenship.” The celebration will begin June 29 and extend thru July 6. A feature of the reunion will be the dedica- tion on July 3 of the “Eternal Light Peace Memorial.” Delegates who leave New York via Harrisburg, Pa., may make convenient connection by bus or rail from Harrisburg to the battlefield in time for the dedication. Department of Classroom Teach- ers Revises Bylaws sv AT THE SUMMER MEETING of the NEA Department of Classroom Teachers in New York City, June 25-July 1, consideration will be given to a revision of the consti- tution and bylaws of the Department. Copies of the constitution and bylaws as they will be if the proposed amendments are adopted may be had free on request from the Department of Classroom Teach- ers, 1201 16th St., N. W., Washington, D.C. Department of Kindergarten- Primary Education 3 Dr. PATTY sMITH HILL, who retired last July from active service at Teachers Col- lege, with the emeritus title, will be the speaker at the Tuesday afternoon program of this NEA Department meeting this summer. The luncheon preceding will be in honor of Dr. Hill, Miss Annie Moore, and others. THE JOURNAL OF Life Membership Dinner yy THE TENTH ANNUAL Life Membership Dinner will be held at the Hotel Astor in New York City, Monday, June 27, 1938, at 5:00 pm. Life Members, their friends, and prospective Life Members are invited to attend. Reserve this date and plan to be there. National Convention on Student Government yy For tnrormation regarding the eighth annual convention of student-government officers and their faculty advisers, to be held in New York City June 28-30, write to the National Association of Student Officers, 5835 Kimbark Ave., Chicago, Ill. School Public Relations Association 3% THIs oRGANIZATION will meet in New York City Saturday afternoon, June 25, and Sunday morning, June 26, in advance of the general sessions of the NEA. The Saturday afternoon session of the SPRA will be devoted to radio programs. At the Sunday morning session topics to be em- phasized include photography and typog- raphy. A Dynamic Membership Goal yy Tue wear that each state shall make at least 10 percent growth in NEA mem- bership each year is gaining headway and is now the accepted policy in an increasing number of states. Some states are so neat the mark that a few more members will win the goal. A little additional member- ship effort at this time will help to make a good showing when reports are given at the summer convention in New York. A Permanent Home for the NCEA yy THE NORTH CAROLINA EDUCATION ASSO- ciaTION has purchased property in Raleigh for the permanent headquarters of the As- sociation. The property comprises about four-fifths of an acre, almost in the heart of the city. The amount paid was $22,500. For Summer Reading yy First, turn to page 66 of THe Journat for March 1938 and note the titles that are starred on that page. Second, turn to page 123 of THe Journar for April 1938 and scan the list of sixty educational books for titles that concern you. Third, become a member of the Cooperative Book Club, 118 East 28 Street, New York City. For $2 you can buy a share in this | Cont. on page A-96| THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION N THE l grow! sill in t school of in the b sponsibil began fc ship in | Under institutic NEA as without fall thos ciation secured dent wh tion to | Stude year, be fectiven its oper students colleges quainte: The in’ teachers other ¢ mental Impe movem institut: waL for once a report tember as the | In tl followe and th CALIFO W. ' lege. ILLINO sity, KENTU Tea Maryi Coll Stat Micnt Coll Missot Tea Nor Uel NEBR, lege NEw Col New Un Ont0- En; OKLA Co PENN Sa ers TEN» Scl Ariz Gi Vol ~~ = so re re id or th yu | N THE BELIEF that the lifelong professional issuth of a teacher should begin while he is sill in training and that the teachers college and shool of education have an important part to play in the building of this professional spirit and re- gonsibility, the National Education Association began four years ago a plan of student member- ship in the Association. Under this plan students in the senior classes of institutions participating may be enrolled in the NEA as of January 1 and receive THE JouRNAL, without charge, January thru May. The following fall those students securing positions join the Asso- cation and for their first $2 dues have thus secured an eighteen-month membership. The stu- dent who secures no position is under no obliga- tion to pay dues after graduation. Student membership has grown steadily each year, both in the numbers reached and in the ef- fectiveness of its administration. The first year of its operation 25 colleges participated, with 2456 students enrolled. This year 5710 students in 99 colleges have had the opportunity to become ac- quainted with the farreaching services of the NEA. The invitation to participate is extended to state teachers colleges and schools of education. A few other colleges have been included on an experi- mental basis. Important points in the development of the movement are: [1] To find a strong leader in each institution to be in charge; [2] to use THE Jour- yaL for regular class study and discussion at least once a month; [3] and to make sure that students report their teaching address to the NEA in Sep- tember following graduation or as soon thereafter as the teaching address is known. In the following list, the name of the city is followed by that of the school and the president, and the number of student members enrolled. FOUR YEARS Cattrornia—Fresno, Fresno State College, Frank W. Thomas, 78; San Jose, San Jose State Col- lege, T. W. MacQuarrie, 42 Ittinois—Normal, Illinois State Normal Univer- sity, R. W. Fairchild, 370 Kentucky—Richmond, Eastern Kentucky State Teachers College, H. L. Donovan, 25 MaryLanp—Salisbury, Maryland State ‘Teachers College, J. D. Blackwell, 13; Towson, Maryland State Teachers College, Lida Lee Tall, 55 Micnican—Kalamazoo, Western State Teachers College, Paul V. Sangren, 111 Missourr—Kirksville, Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, Walter H. Ryle, 19; Maryville, Northwest Missouri State Uel W. Lamkin, 94 Nepraska—Kearney, Nebraska State Teachers Col- lege, Herbert L. Cushing, 44 New Jerser—Trenton, New Jersey State Teachers College, R. L. West, 78 New Mexico—Las Vegas, New Mexico Normal University, Harry C. Gossard, 28 Onio—Kent, Kent State University, Engleman, 250 OkLaHomMa—Alva, Northwestern State Teachers College, Ernest E. Brown, 53 PennsyLvania—Indiana, State Teachers College, Samuel Fausold, 36; Shippensburg, State Teach- ers College, Albert L. Rowland, 45 Tennessee—Clarksville, Austin Peay School, P. P. Claxton, 17 Teachers College, James O. Normal THREE YEARS Arzona—Tempe, Arizona State Teachers College, Grady Gammage, 42 VOLUME 27, NUMBER 53; MAY 1938 LEARNING TO BE PROFESSIONAL Arkansas—Arkadelphia, Henderson State Teach- ers College, J. P. Womack, 20 CaLirornia—Chico, Chico State College, Aymer J. Hamilton, 77; San Francisco, San Francisco State College, Alexander C. Roberts, 96 CoLtorapo—Gunnison, Western State College of Colorado, C. C. Casey, 6 Connecticut—New Britain, Teachers College of Connecticut, Herbert D. Welte, 93 District oF CotumB1A—- Washington, Miner Teachers College, Eugene A. Clark, 82; Wash- ington, James Ormond Wilson Teachers College, Edgar C. Higbie, 63 FLoripa—Gainesville, University of Florida, Col- lege of Education, J. W. Norman, dean, 22 GrorciA—Milledgeville, Georgia State College for Women, Guy H. Wells, 27 ILL1nois—Carbondale, Southern Illinois State Nor- mal University, Roscoe Pulliam, 44; Charleston, Eastern Illinois State Teachers College, Robert G. Buzzard, 59; DeKalb, Northern Illinois State Teachers College, Karl L. Adams, 156 lowa—Cedar Falls, lowa State Teachers College, Orval R. Latham, 18; Fairfield, Parsons College, Clarence W. Greene, 10; Pella, Central College, Irwin J. Lubbers, 25 MainE—Gorham, Western State Normal School, Walter E. Russell, 101 MaryLanp—Frostburg, Maryland State Teachers College, John L. Dunkle, 29 MINNEsoTA—S?¢. Cloud, State ‘Teachers College, George A. Selke, 18 NesrasKa—Peru, Nebraska State Teachers Col- lege, W. R. Pate, 20; Wayne, Nebraska State Teachers College, J. T. Anderson, 26 New Hampsnuire—Keene, Keene Normal School, Walter E. Mason, 14 Nevapa—Reno, University of Nevada, School of Education, Fred W. Traner, dean, 57 New JersEy—Paterson, New Jersey State Teachers College, Clair S. Wightman, 15 New Yorx—Buffalo, State Teachers College, Harry W. Rockwell, 107; Potsdam, State Nor- mal School, R. T. Congdon, 117 NortH DaxorA—Minot, State Teachers College, George A. McFarland, 13 Oxn1o—Oxford, Miami University, School of Edu- cation, E. J. Ashbaugh, dean, 142 Ox.aHoma—T ahlequah, Northeastern State Teach- ers College, John Vaughan, 7; Weatherford, Southwestern State Teachers College, W. W. Isle, 52 Orecon—La Grande, Eastern Oregon Normal School, Charles A. Howard, 35 PENNSYLVANIA—California, State Teachers College, Robert M. Steele, 124; Mansfield, State Teachers College, Joseph H. Noonan, 79; Millersville, State Teachers College, Landis Tanger, 132; Slippery Rock, State Teachers College, Charles S. Miller, 54; West Chester, State Teachers Col- lege, Charles S. Swope, 146 SoutH DakoTa Aberdeen, Northern Normal and Industrial School, Carl G. Lawrence, 22; Mad- ison, Eastern State Normal School, V. A. Lowry, 2 Texas—Commerce, East Texas State Teachers College, Sam H. Whitley, 1 Uran—Salt Lake City, University of Utah, School of Education, Milton Bennion, dean, 58 VeRMontT—Jo/nson, State Normal School, Donald W. McClelland, 27 Vircinta—Farmuille, State Teachers College, J. L. Jarman, 56; Williamsburg, College of William and Mary, K. J. Hoke, dean, 38 WasHincton—Bellingham, Western Washington College of Education, C. H. Fisher, 146 West Vircinta—Athens, Concord State Teachers College, J. Frank Marsh, 27 W vominc—Laramie, University of Wyoming, Col- lege of Education, Charles R. Maxwell, dean, 69 TWO YEARS CALIFORNIA—Arcata, Humboldt State College, Ar- thur S. Gist, 7 IpAHo—Lewiston, Lewiston State Normal School, John E. Turner, 76 ILLtinois—Carlinville, Blackburn College, William M. Hudson, 32 InpianA—Muncie, Ball State Teachers College, L. A. Pittenger, 21; Terre Haute, Indiana State Teachers College, Ralph N. Tirey, 71 Kentucky—Murray, Murray State Teachers Col- lege, James H. Richmond, 14 Maine—Farmington, State Normal School, Wil- bert G. Mallett, 100 MicuicaN—M¢. Pleasant, Central State Teachers College, E. C. Warriner, 63 New Jersey—Montclair, New Jersey State Teach- ers College, H. A. Sprague, 187 New Yorx—Albany, New York State College for Teachers, A. R. Brubacher, 207; Brooklyn, Pratt Institute, Frederic B. Pratt, 14; Hamilton, Col- gate University, George B. Cutten, 18; Oneonta, State Normal School, Charles W. Hunt, 84 NortH Carotina—Cullowhee, Western Carolina Teachers College, H. T. Hunter, 20 Orecon—Albany, Albany College, Thomas W. Bibb, 9 PENNSYLVANIA—Bloomsburg, State Teachers Col- lege, Francis B. Haas, 56; East Stroudsburg, State Teachers College, T. T. Allen, 74 Texas—Huntsville, Sam Houston State Teachers College, Charles N. Shaver, 82 Wisconsin—LaCrosse, LaCrosse Teachers College, George M. Snodgrass, 36; Ripon, Ripon College, Silas Evans, 24 CURRENT YEAR Avaska—College, University of Alaska, Charles E. Bunnell, 6 Connecticut—Danbury, Ralph C. Jenkins, 33 Kansas—Hays, Fort Hays Kansas State College, C. E. Rarick, 30 State Normal School, MainE—Presque Isle, Aroostook State Normal School, San Lorenzo Merriman, 20 MissourI—Warrensburg, Central Missouri State Teachers College, George W. Diemer, 42 New Yorx—Cortland, State School, H. D. DeGroat, 36; Geneseo, State Normal School, James B. Welles, 73 NortH Caro_tina—Asheville, Asheville Normal and Teachers College, John E. Calfee, 25 Nortu Daxota—Ellendale, State Normal and In- dustrial School, J. C. McMillen, 9 On1to—Bowling Green, Bowling Green State Uni- versity, R. E. Offenhauer, 80 PENNSYLVANIA—Lock Haven, State Teachers Col- lege, John G. Flowers, 63 VeERMONT—Lyndon Center, State Normal School, Rita L. Bole, 21 Vircinia—Harrisonburg, State Teachers College, Samuel P. Duke, 16 Wisconsin—Platteville, Normal State Teachers College, A. M. Royce, 3; River Falls, State Teachers Col- lege, J. H. Ames, 32; Whitewater, State Teach ers College, C. M. Yoder, 94 [ 159 | om IS SOMETHING especially friendly about a convention, a something that warms the heart, skips the first two chap- ters of the book on “Introductions” and “Polite Conversation” and begins imme- diately on “Friendship.” The perfectly strange teacher at the general assembly turned and confided, “You know, I do like organizations. I suppose if ever I do get to heaven, and St. Peter says, ‘Now, we have tenure and retirement up here, and this is your vacation on full pay; you are to forget all about paper grading and report making, I might get thru Saturday and Sunday all right. But something tells me that when Monday morning came around, I should begin looking for all the little angels and get a class together in The Growing of Pinfeathers, or A Course of Study in Harp Appreciation.” — Naomi White in The Oklahoma Teacher, March 1938. ———$—<— + —_—_——_ COUNTY HONOR ROLL The following counties have reported 100 per- cent eftrolments for the current year, 1937-38. The county is given in italic. The superinten- dent’s name follows that of the county. ALaBAMA—CaAilton, Luther E. Little; Montgomery, C. M. Dannelly; St. Clair, James A. Baswell Fioriwa—Palm Beach, John I. Leonard Grorcia—Decatur, Andrew Avery; Glynn, G. W. Wannamaker Kentucky—Bullitt, W. H. McFarland; Campbell, J. W. Reiley; Fayette, D. Y. Dunn; Kenton, Robert E. Sharon; McCreary, Wm. O. Gilreath; Nelson, Chas. W. Hart LouisitanA—Acadia, A. T. Browne; Ascension, L. J. Babin; Avoyelles, L. A. Cayer; Catahoula, H. W. Wright; Iberia, L. G. Porter; St. Charles, J. B. Martin MaryLanp—Queen Annes, Franklin D. Day Nevapa—Clark, Eureka, Ormsby Onio—Carroll, L. X. Johnson; Clinton, Carl H. Shanks; Crawford, Kenneth W. Whaley; Har- din, F. C. Ransdell; Logan, Glenn Drummond; Sandusky, H. E. Ryder PENNSYLVANIA—Berks, A. F. Kemp; Pike, C. B. Dissinger; Tioga, Walter G. Clark SoutH Caro.tina—Lexington, H. O. Harman TENNESSEE—Davidson, W. C. Dodson; Shelby, Sue M. Powers Utran—Box Elder, Hervin Bunderson; Duchesne, W. J. Bond; Emery, W. O. Bickmore; * Jordan Dist., C. N. Jensen; *]Juab Dist., Ralph F. Nilsson; Morgan, J. R. Tippets; Piute, J. E. Oscarson; San Juan, H. Lloyd Hanson; * South Sanpete Dist., L. E. Anderson; Utah, David Gourley and Owen L. Barnett; Wasatch, Clar- ence Ostlund; Weber, Keith Wahlquist Vircinta—Nansemond, H. V. White *Utah operates under a consolidated system. For the most part, counties and school districts are identical. The districts marked with an asterisk represent approximately one-half counties. a [ 160 | ———_ ¥&— —___—_ TEACHER TRAINING HONOR ROLL New Life Enlistments _ TOTAL NUMBER of Life Members enrolled in the National Education Association prior to April 1 was 5916. The following Life Members have been reported since the list was published in the April JourNac: Ca.ttrornia—Mabel Seeds Spizzy Gerorcia—Edith Ruth Brown Hawaii—Cecil K. Dotts ILtinois—E. N. Cassady, Marion Jordan MicHiGaANn—Stanley B. Biernacki, M. A. Kopka New Yorx—Helen Keller Texas—Ona Manahan, C. L. Yarbrough Completed Enrolments a FOLLOWING SCHOOLS have completed their 100 percent enrolments in the National Educa- tion Association since the list was published in the April JouRNAL: SEVENTEEN YEARS CaLirornia—Santa Barbara, Lincoln EIGHTEEN YEARS Minvesota—Minneapolis, John Hay FIFTEEN YEARS Micuican—St. Joseph, Washington Texas—Beaumont, Averill Elem FourTEEN YEARS Catirornia—Monrovia, Monroe; Oakland, Emerson THIRTEEN YEARS MINNESOTA—Minneapolis, Whittier PENNSYLVANIA—Reading, 1oth and Green Sts. Wisconsin—New London, Dixon High, Lincoln, McKinley, Northport TWwELvE YEARS Hawaii—Hookena, Alae Oxn1o—Maumee, Maumee Public Miami, High, Riverside, Union PENNSYLVANIA—Delaware Co., Ridley ough Public School Schools, Fort Park 3or- ELEVEN YEARS Hawait—Honokaa, Kawailoa, Kawailoa Micuican—Detroit, Edgar Guest On10o—A shtabula, W. Ave. Grade Texas—Texarkana, Junior College Kapulena, ; Oahu, TEN YEARS Inpiana—Newcastle, Weir New York—Rochester, L. H. Morgan Oxnto—Willoughby, Browning PENNSYLVANIA—Reading, 15th and Perkiomen Sts. Nine YEARS Hawatt—Anahola, Kauai, Anahola; Hilo, Kaiwiki; Kurtistown, Kurtistown; Lihu, Lihue; Pahoa, Kalapana [Cont. on page A-106] THE JOURNAL OF Union, Kauai, j TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTIONS are the” springs of professional spirit for prospec: tive teachers. Membership in profession organizations is an outward and visit symbol of an inward grace. Professio ideals must be taught but professie spirit must be caught. From institutions” where the members of the faculty are en thusiastic members of their professional” organizations—local, state, and national—) the graduates are likely to have a perso understanding of the importance of operative action and a proper professio perspective. The following teacher-trai ing institutions have reported the enrok ment of all members of their faculties im@ the NEA for the year 1937-38. The na of the president follows the name of the college. i i} AtaBaMA—Jacksonville, State Teachers College C. W. Daugette Arizona—Phoenix, Phoenix Junior College, E. Montgomery Grorcia—Young Harris, Young Harris Colle T. J. Lance ‘ Ipano—Albion, Albion State Normal School, R.F Snyder ILLinois—Charleston, Eastern Illinois State Teach ers College, R. G. Buzzard; Normal, Illinois State Normal University, R. W. Fairchild Kentucky—Murray, Murray State Teachers Cok lege, James H. Richmond; Richmond, Eastett Kentucky State Teachers College, H. L. Donovatiy} Maine—Gorham, Western State Normal Schook Walter E. Russell; Machias, Washington Normal School, P. H. Kimball; Presque Aroostook State Normal School, San Lorefi Merriman Missouri—St. Joseph, St. Joseph Junior Collé Nelle Blum; St. Louis, Harris Teachers Colle C. G. Vannest; Stowe Teachers College, 3 M. Harris Nesraska—Kearney, Nebraska State Teachers G [3 lege, Herbert L. Cushing ae New York—Geneseo, Geneseo State Normél : School, Jas. B. Wells; New Paltz, State Normal Y School, L. H. van den Berg ‘ NortH Daxota—Grand Fork, School of Educe j tion, University of North Dakota, J. V. Breit | 7 wieser; Park River, Walsh Co. Agriculture and | Training School, E. J. Tainor ie PENNSYLVANIA—Bloomsburg, Bloomsburg State Teachers College, Francis B. Haas; California, $ State Teachers College, Robert M. Steele; Edin- ~e 4 boro, State Teachers College, Carmon Res} | Indiana, State Teachers College, M. J. Walsh; Kutztown, State Teachers College, Q. A. W. ; Rohrbach; Mansfield, State Teachers Collegt : Wm. R. Straughn; Slippery Rock, State Teal ers College, C. S. Miller a SourH Daxora—Aberdeen, The Northern Norm Z and Industrial School, Carl G. Lawrence — Wisconsin—Ashland, Ashland Normal School County —_—_— + ———_—_ THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION