LT. ec ? ——h (Cf ; z | 4 {r J P. tL 5 Th JOURNAL of the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION R (-— ——— ? { 3eZ < E i (—— Our Coming Conventions Geography: for War or Peace? World Federation of Education Associations World Goodwill Day Britain’s Vacation Course for Teachers The State of Indiana . Is Bird Study Your Hobby? A Sketch of Alice Freeman Palmer. National Cathedral at — oo < Editorial . Child Labor is Bad Economy On to Indianapolis The Teacher’s Health : A Home for Retired Teachers Our Debt to Science Home Economics in Education The Working Program of the Educational Press “Amociation Guide to Books International Friendship through Children’ s ; Books Lecture and Entertainment Courses : : Mrs. Snaffy on Books Problems of the Curriculum Enrolment and Affiliation Metric System in Schools A New Education Bill 7 ; Problems for Teachers’ Meetings Notes and Announcements Hotel Rates at Indianapolis Published monthly, except July and August, by the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES 1201 SIXTEENTH STREET NorTHWEST, WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second class matter October 28, 1920, at the postoffice at Washington, D. C., under the Act of August 24, 1912. Acceptance or mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 26, 1921. ew RY Se GRR eT aS ‘REDE ED rtm cep inpalrete ay Aa * Gig ew ps De Tose + Oph ~ DON aS AE ae Oe eee be SFP. aS dani Tees val. at ach Tels hileaiin Bia w EM NEW BOOKS HOW AND WHERE WE LIVE By NEuuIE B. ALLEN An introduction to geography in simple narrative form, with many beautiful pictures. A unique preparation for regional geography. THE PROJECT METHOD IN CLASSROOM WORK By E. A. HorcukKiss A scholarly presentation of the principles under- lying the project method of teaching in all grades from kindergarten to high school. THE HAPPY CHILDREN READERS By Mary E. PENNELL AND ALICE M. Cusack The right kind of material for oral and silent reading. Delightful stories that keep children guessing and interested. For grades one and two. GINN AND COMPANY BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO ATLANTA DALLAS LONDON COLUMBUS SAN FRANCISCO WINSTON ‘RED UCED IN ‘PRICE CYCLOPEDIA ¢& EDUCATION Edited by Paut Monroe Teachers College, Columbia University This indispensable reference work has just been made available in three volumes, on thin paper, and at the reduced price of $15.00. It has proved most satisfactory as a textbook in edu- cation, a complete reference library on every division of education, a key to the vast library of educational literature, and an authoritative guide, the only one in the English language, to the sanest theories and the soundest practices of the profession. The new reduced price brings this valuable work within the means of teach- ers and superintendents all over the country. “‘Marks an era in educational progress.”— Education. “Most important single contribution to educational literature in America.”—School Review. The new price is $15.00 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO ATLANTA DALLAS’ SAN FRANCISCO Give a Few Minutes’ Study to This Interesting Diagram Note the relationship between Geography and some of its contributing sciences. The diagram also shows the proportion of each science that should be used in the proper presentation of Geography. The interpretation of Geography in the elementary schools is now definitely defined by all educators as the study of the earth as the home of man—Human Geogra- phy. In explaining the earth as the home of man, the geographer must use material from many sci- ences. He is like the builder of a house who takes bricks, stone, sand, cement, nails, wire, lath, boards, shingles and glass—the product of many industries —and builds them into a symmetrical structure which is not any one of the many things that have entered into it, but is instead a house for the occupancy of man. In similar fashion, Dr. J. Russell Smith, Professor of Economic Ge- ography, Columbia University, has taken material from many sciences and fields of knowledge for HU- MAN GEOGRAPHY, Book I— Peoples and Countries, Book II —Regions and Trade. Dr. Smith, in building HUMAN GEOGRA- PHY, has used something of phys- iography, something of botany of history; of government, and has built them into a symmetrical structure which is not any one of the contributing sciences, but is a study of the earth as the home of man —Human Geography. Send for illustrated literature describing HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, sample maps in colors, and specimen pages from the books and Teachers’ Manuals THE JOHN C. WINSTON COMPANY HOME OFFICE AND MANUFACTORY, WINSTON BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO TORONTO FOR TEXTBOOKS annu catio in J bient erati will lems angl fresk leave their homes in June to gather in Indianapolis at the sixty-third annual convention of the National Edu- cation Association. Others will gather in July in Edinburgh, Scotland, for the biennial Conference of the World Fed- eration of Education Associations. ‘They will spend a week considering new prob- lems and discussing old ones from new angles, gathering increased power and fresh points of view, learning to plan and to codperate, discovering themselves, developing stronger faith in education and higher courage for the tasks ahead. The Nation and the world will have its attention called to matters educational. Policies will be formed and programs of work adopted so that during the coming year the teachers may exert a greater influence on the problems of our common life. Things like this do not just happen. They rise out of the very soil of history. Such meetings would not be possible without the glorious past of our Associa- tion. They are the fruitage of the years of struggle since a few men gathered in Philadelphia, in 1857, to lay the founda- tions of the vast Association that has since grown up. We who teach today are the debtors of the men and women who have labored through the years that our Association might have life and power. These meetings are also the growth of an individual vision. Up from the Nation’s teachers comes a leader. He has fought the battles of our children and our teachers until he begins to stand out among his fellows. His leadership is recognized. He is proposed for the high office of the presidency of the Asso- ciation, and finally comes election, re- sponsibility, and opportunity. From his high office the new president looks back over the history of education and of the Nation, he looks about the country at its extensive educational activ- ities, at the needs and possibilities of its myriad educational institutions. He Tie THOUSAND teachers will tries to gather up into central themes the main course of thought and work. He writes letters, holds conferences, meets with fellow officers, and through months of busy planning frames the skeleton of Our Coming Conventions the program that is to be. Men and women are invited to speak. The best minds, the choicest spirits, the most ef- fective workers among educators and lay- men are canvassed that the program may be rich. Many accept; others cannot OMER H. SEERLEY was born in 1848 on a farm in what is now the City of Indianapolis. This loved president of the Iowa State College at Cedar Falls, will re- turn to his birthplace in July. It will be the fiftieth anniver- sary of his attendance at the Association’s meeting in Bal- timore in 1876. Good judg- ment and clear vision are out- standing qualities in Doctor Seerley’s career. The larger problems and the call to profes- sional service have always ap- He pealed to him strongly. has never missed a meeting if he could possibly attend or sat idly by if he had a contribution to make. He has valued his fellows in the profession and they have valued him. He urges his host of young friends to make the most of teachers’ organizations for their individ- ual growth and as a means of collective achievement. Many a professional career will find its turning point at Indianapo- lis as Doctor Seerley’s began at Baltimore in 1876. .. come and the gaps have to be filled. But finally the program is complete and there is prepared for the thousands who will gather intellectual and spiritual refresh- ment. While the President plans his pro- gram, other matters require attention. A meeting-place must be chosen. ‘The larger cities of the Nation are canvassed. The staff at headquarters has gathered facts showing their hotel capacity, their ability to accommodate a variety of meet- ings, the effectiveness of their chambers of commerce and local organizations which must codperate, the adequacy of exhibit halls, and other factors which are necessary if the meeting is to be suc- [141] cessful. ‘Through conference, letter, and telegram the choice is narrowed down to a few cities in the section of the country where it is desired to hold the conven- tion. Representatives from the head- quarters staff, familiar with the prob- lems involved, visit these cities, confer with local workers, obtain tentative con- tracts for meeting halls and hotels, and report back to the secretary and the exec- utive committee who have the final choice. Other forces are at work. The city and State that are to entertain the great gathering must make extensive plans. It is not easy to provide comfortably for ten or twelve thousand guests, partic- ularly when they are selected guests from every corner of the Republic. No city wishes to undertake the task and not do itself justice. If the teachers see the city at its best they go back to the thousands of schoolrooms and fellow-teachers to tell what they have seen, and the city has a new significance in the minds of the children of the Nation. If the visitors are not well-treated, or if things go wrong, they return with a different story and the city is the loser. ‘These preparations that are made in advance involve many phases of the city’s activ- ity—its hotels; its business men, who must provide meeting-places and exhibit halls, often at considerable expense; its educational workers, who must aid in many ways; its newspapers and press as- sociation representatives, who must un- derstand the meeting in order that they may interpret it to the people. The teachers of the State must be reached, for it is properly believed that if the Asso- ciation is to honor a State with its pres- ence the teachers thereof should give evi- dence of their own professional spirit— their willingness to contribute to the common program of professional or- ganization. Meanwhile another type of activity is going on. In recent years the railroads have been less inclined than formerly to be generous with conventions. These huge meetings are so common and make such heavy demands upon Pullman and passenger companies that they are in- clined to make the requirements difficult. The railroads require special identifica- 142 tion certificates which must be issued to members individually with a record at headquarters. Conferences with officers of the passenger associations are neces- sary and sometimes much pressure has to be exerted in order to obtain reason- able advantages for those who attend. These are only a few of the many activities that are carried on for many months in order that when the teachers gather in convention they may make the most of the few days together. With Indianapolis and Edinburgh as objectives the officers of the National Education Association and of the World Federation have been making programs and laying plans. At Indianapolis, June 28-July 3, the National Education Association with its constellation of allied groups will hold scores of sessions. There will be the meetings of the Representative Assembly composed of delegates from State and local associations throughout the coun- try. There will be the great inspira- tional general sessions with amplifiers to carry vital messages to the large au- diences. There will be numerous meet- ings of departments and allied groups dealing with special phases of education. Breakfasts, luncheons, and dinners will bring together like-minded people and promote professional fellowship. President Jesse H. Newlon, who is superintendent of the Denver schools, has chosen for the general theme, “In- terpreting the schools to the public, or twenty-five years of educational prog- ress.” There will be much of encourage- ment in the survey and many lessons for the second quarter of the twentieth century. At Edinburgh, July 20-28, will gather the biennial convention of the World Federation of Education Associations. It will continue the notable work begun at San Francisco in 1923. It represents the same type of planning and leadership that is now focusing on Indianapolis, only over a larger area. It will bring carefully chosen men and women from the remote corners of the globe. If they do nothing more than become acquainted the conference will have rendered great service, but they will go much further than that. ‘They will discuss those cen- tral educational themes that are so es- sential to world harmony and codpera- tion—so necessary to that attitude toward affairs which will enable the world to live by its best impulses rather than by its worst, to codperate for the service of all rather than to fight for the destruction of competitors. TuHE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucaTION ASSOCIATION The president of the World Federa- tion is an American, Dr. Augustus O. Thomas, State commissioner of educa- tion, Augusta, Maine. The special American delegation, which will rank with similar delegations from other na- tions, is headed by Dr. William F. Rus- sell, associate director of the Interna- tional Institute of Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. The delegation includes representatives whose JUNIOR RED CROSS LET 5 8E FRIENDS HIS poster, from a series issued by the League of Red Cross Societies, suggests the spirit of the ten million boys and girls of forty countries which make up the League. Says a member of the Hungarian Junior Red Cross: “We like to think of ourselves as the stone carriers in a great army of workers, building a temple of human love, but we believe that that temple will only fulfil its true destiny if its foundation stones are formed from love of one’s own country.” names are known widely—five former presidents of the National Education Association and other men and women who have given outstanding service. In addition to the small body of carefully selected delegates there will be alternates and participating delegates whose creden- tials from the National Education Asso- ciation will entitle them to sit in group conferences and to enjoy other privileges. Many American teachers will plan their summer travel abroad to include the stay in Edinburgh that they may partake of the spirit of this great gathering. All this is done that education may move ahead. Every teacher benefits directly or indirectly. Those who at- May, 1925 Cee eee EEE EE EE tend benefit most, but their fellow-work. ers, the children they teach, the com. munities they serve are also helped. The results sometimes seem intangible, byt we may be sure they are there. What is civilization after all but a structure of thoughts and ideas, the fruit of common aspirations, the sum total of knowledge put to work? What has done more to develop this structure over wider and wider areas than the conferences and conventions that have grown up, extend. ing their reach from the locality out to State and National borders, and even to the ends of the world? HE PROBLEM OF the twentieth century, then, and probably of other centuries to come, is how the constructive forces in modern society, of which the schools of nations should stand first, can best direct their efforts to influence and direct the deeper sources of the life of a people, so that the national character- istics it is desired to display to the world will be developed because the schools have instilled into every child these na- tional ideals. Many forces must co- operate in such a task, but unless the schools of nations become clearly con- scious of national needs and of interna- tional purposes, become inspired by an ideal of service for the welfare of man- kind, substitute among national groups competition in the things of the spirit— art, architecture, music, sports, educa- tion, letters, sanitation, housing, public works, and such applications of science as minister to health and happiness— for competition in the creation of ma- terial wealth, the piling-up of arma- ments, the extension of national boun- daries, and the present overemphasis of a narrow nationalism, and direct the energies of coming generations to the carrying out of this new and larger hu- man service, nations must inevitably fail to reach the world position they might otherwise have occupied, destructive in- ternational competition and warfare will continue, and the advancement of world civilization and international well-being will be greatly retarded thereby.—E. P. Cubberley, in The History of Education. HERE is a flavor of high adventure in the pursuit of knowledge. The investigator is to himself the hero in 4 romance; he is keener than the sleuth of the detective tale and knows it. He has his territorial disputes, his ententes, and his wars with his fellow scientists— James Harvey Robinson in the Human- izing of Knowledge. visic tical petit hero All pupi hort adm and art ¢ wor nest prov pils ence peri the | the abst disd: disp ure at t hapy at tl the ; like wor fact: thei: resu som then muc quai like is pi crea We of | that acti to ¢ up cou: tica — eS 6) 6 Geography: for War or Peace? O HELP in the education for peace, some of us are trying lessons on the horrors of war, the pro- visions of the World Court, or the prac- ticability of the golden rule in a com- petitive business world. Some are using hero tales of other than military person- ages and of lands other than America. All of these help. But even though our pupils lose sleep over future Lewisite horrors; the United States enter the League of Nations; our pupils learn to admire King Khama, of Betuanaland; and have a profound admiration for the art of Japan, yet most of our geography work is quietly but surely spoiling the nest of the dove of peace while we try to provide a few perches for her. The pu- pils may learn to respect the antiquity of China’s learning and to admire her defer- ence to age; and to appreciate the su- perior musical ability of the Negroes and the Karens, the abstinence from liquor of the Mohammedans or the powers of abstract thought of the Hindus, but their disdain of all others than Americans is displaced by respect only in small meas- ure and for a few virtues. They giggle at the efficient Hollanders because they happen to sleep under feather beds, and at the beautifully robed Chinese because the garments of their men are something like those of our women. The teacher is so busy getting the “real geography work” of location, products, and trade facts across that she is not conscious of their attitude, and more harm than good results. Her pupils are going to be just as willing to drop bombs on those people some day as if they knew nothing of them—perhaps more willing. Yet they are right who feel there is much good psychology in “Get ac- quainted with your neighbor, you might like him,” and that therefore geography is probably the best subject by which to create the attitudes that make for peace. We have but to select the right methods of handling the facts. The prime essential is to recognize that since contempt is the natural re- action to unusualness, time must be taken to counteract this reaction and to build up stronger attitudes of a better sort. This might be done in several ways. Actually to live among any people counteracts the contempt but is imprac- tical for our pupils. To counteract it by BLANCHE E. ATKINS pictures, projects, dramatizations, and pageants would take thousands of pic- tures of each country and a prohibitively long time. Stronger than z sf reaties HHE recent gift of $3,000,000 of former U. 8. Senator, John Simon endowing a Memorial with fellowships for ad- vanced study in any subject, in any coun- Guggenheim, Foundation try in the world, will cement the nations as no treaty can. These scholarships are open to men and women of any race or creed and are intended for somewhat older and more experienced persons than those to whom the Rhodes scholarships are open. Since elimination of antipathy by familiarity is not feasible, there remain two methods. ‘The first involves the establishment of two beliefs and the sec- ond that of a habit. The first of the two beliefs to be established is that most customs have adequate causes in environ- ment. The second belief is that if other peoples do unreasonable and “queer” things, so do we; and sometimes we do queerer things than they! The habit to be formed is that of practical helpfulness, not limited by the us-four-and-no-more and charity-begins-and-stays-at-home at- titude, but the helpfulness that habitually disregards distance. We have all done a little toward estab- lishing the first belief. We have made the children feel that for desert peoples [143] to have only a tent home is not shiftless but wise; for Arctic peoples to eat heat- producing blubber is necessary ; and that if we lived in the hot shady tropics we should wear as little clothing as does the African negro. But with locations, topography, and commerce to teach, we have neglected to make evident the causes of many customs, so the children do not believe that there often is a cause. We have failed perhaps to have them notice that it is in the undrained regions that tea is inevitable and that it is in regions without fuel with which to boil laundry that cooties are common. Some- times the conditions are so very different from ours it is hard to see the cause. We do not realize that if we faced the furnace-like heat of the desert, heavy wrappings would be uncomfortable, or that if we had to take our baths in snow houses sitting on ice cakes, our baths might be as rare as those of the Eskimo. Hunger is so unknown to us that we can- not comprehend that it is the hunger of centuries which has allowed to the poor- est Chinese parents the custom of putting out the little new life as mercifully as possible before an individuality develops to be loved and to suffer. We have failed to bring out causes. But environment does not give the cause for some differences. People have adopted without reason the customs of their ancestors. At first this seems a proof of low mentality, especially as some customs are “‘so terrible.”” We are apt to argue that we never could have been made to believe with the Chinese family that it is right to go hungry in order that expensive offerings be burned for the dead, or a daughter be sold into slavery to provide money to care for the grand- mother’s grave; nor to believe with the Mohammedan that it advances one’s status in heaven to torture and kill non- Mohammedans. Possibly the fact that our ancestors have been Christian for centuries causes us to be born humane. But more probably we are so because from birth the ideal of helpfulness to those around us has been as all-prevalent as the air we have breathed. ‘The ideal is now a part of us; we call it “human nature” and think we were born so. That we, as other nationalities, hold many of our fundamental beliefs because of custom, not reason, can easily be made Tue JouRNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION “In Spainwe all vay , Peels aud sea ays Pedro “We never push and , De ey and No Spaniard would act so. We try to be polite and kind Wherever we may go. 4o'™* so virhe SER Sra" clear to any group of pupils. Ask for a show of hands of those belonging to some political party or any common religious denomination. Young people always indicate a decided preference; the younger and more ignorant, the more decided the preference is. “Then ask for those who belong to the party or de- nomination opposite that of their parents. The group usually has to laugh at the completeness with which each stands convicted of being “just like the heathen,” in holding as his own, opinions he has adopted without reason. They thus must admit they too would burn incense and hire witch doctors and kill twins if their ancestors had always done so, for it is custom that makes most things seem right. One 4th of July, I was at an Indian rese1vation and watched a dance. For the most part, the Indians moved solemnly Spain around in a circle, but part of the time the men “danced the dance of Pau Pau Keewis” in fantastic garb of feathers, ribbons and yellow, black, and red paint. It was evident that the brave with the most decorations and paint secured the most admiration from the surrounding circle of squaws. But at a white folks’ dance, perhaps you have known the girl with the most extreme costume and most black, white, and red cosmetics on her face to have the most partners from the surrounding group. In one race the men paint and the women admire; in the other the women paint and the men admire. Are these customs so different that one is “disgusting savagery” and the other “refined society” ? Indian music we label “queer.” It is on a five-point scale, while ours, with eight tones, is “right.’”” The Chinese we call ridiculous because they shave the May, 1925 forehead. We know that not the upper but the lower part of a man’s face should be shaved. They use yellow and white for mourning while black and white are the “real” mourning colors. They say the brightness and joy of earliest life are best expressed by dressing babies jp brilliant hues and gradually subduing them with age. Of course, they are right on the last point, but babies should be dressed in white. The Chinese men do such a scandalous thing. They wear the tails of their shirts outside their trousers! ‘They belong inside. It is the tails of coats, not shirts, that belong out- side. Some of the men of Hungary and Greece wear short skirts, while skirts belong on women. The women of Mos. lem lands and of China, constituting considerable percentage of the women of the world, wear trousers, but neverthe. less, trousers “belong” on men. Ip savage hot Africa the chiefs wear tails of oxen and of lions hung around their necks as decorations. Thus they show their importance. At Palm Beach, in hot Florida, American women wear ermine, fox, and skunk tails to show that their husbands have money. African ladies polish their noses for social pres- tige. American women carefully remove the shine from their noses and put it on their finger-nails. Arabs put butter on their hair, surely a disgusting custom, Americans are civilized and put cold cream on their faces and “Curline” or “Stacomb” on their hair. Hindus, who go barefoot because of the hot climate, wear rings on their toes as well as on their fingers, where rings “ought” to be worn. Their ladies put jeweled studs in their noses instead of hanging their ornaments from the lobes of their ears, as they should. One of the things that most offends the “civilized” man who visits an Asiatic city is odors. We wonder how the in- habitants can endure them, especially as they indicate an unsanitary condition, We usually conclude, with contempt, that it is because they are “‘so used to those awful conditions.’’ But the Chinese who bring their beautifully embroidered gowns to our cities find them ruined by the smoke and grime no closet can keep out. It takes one of us who moves from a farm to a city, some years to become accustomed to the gray tint that linen there assumes. But we “get used to it.” In southeast Asia, the people have the “disgusting habit” of chewing betel-nut. This stains the saliva blood red, and for one to meet these stained addicts on the street is surely offensive to the eye. But it is to b oftet smol the men ther’ set-t banc arte are | Orit teac this but mou If tl ing, gela hoot mill Ori eat have on ¢ chic mea live his oyst the the to a two “ in ¢ thin We oth wit wic sani sani sho hou and inte thei Th ent ren sho Set edu blu she Vol. 14, No. 5 it is offensive to the nostrils and lungs to be unable on Main Street to swerve often or far enough to avoid the tobacco smoke of the Americans one meets. In the back rural districts of China, wo- men’s feet are still bound. Perchance there are some back rural districts in America where women’s waists are cor- set-bound. It .is said the binding hat- band stops the flow of certain scalp arteries and makes our men bald. We are sorry, but we are “used to it.” Our children in school read that Orientals eat birds’ nest soup. Many teachers have failed to make it plain this does not mean sticks, mud, and hairs, but the gelatinous product of birds’ mouths, exuded on the sides of sea cliffs. If this truth leaves the children shudder- ing, we should remind them that our gelatin comes largely from horns and hoofs, that honey has gone through the body of the bee, and that to drink cows’ milk seems a disgusting custom to most Orientals. The geographies tell of people who eat mice or boa-constrictor steak. We have to remind our pupils that mice live on crumbs, grain, and garbage, as do the chickens that we eat and call choice meat; and that the boa-constrictor has lived on herbivorous animals; so how can his flesh be any less clean than that of oysters and sardines, of which we eat the entire creature, not even removing the digestive system or its contents? Quite often the thoughtful person has to admit our custom is the worse of the two. The Chinese gentleman has the “crazy” custom of shaking his own hand in greeting instead of doing the “right” thing by shaking that of his neighbor. We go to a reception and, by shaking others’ hands, mix microbes, and then, without washing our hands, eat sand- wiches. The Chinese custom is the more sanitary. Africans rub noses in greeting. Americans touch lips. Are we the more sanitary? Japanese step out of their shoes on entering a house and their houses are clean. We track the offal and tuberculosis germs of our streets into the house, where the rugs collect them ready for the baby’s damp fingers. The American man removes his hat on entering his home. It is “civilized” to remove the hat, but “heathenish’’ to leave shoes outside a door. A Chinese girl came from the Straits Settlements to America to continue her education. She was furnished with a blue serge middy blouse to wear to school. The cloth interested her and she saw its value for the lowering THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 145 Enrico says-in Italy, We never are cast down; for song and sunshine are the rule each Italian town. Will 2®@ YOZS NATIONAL CHD WEARS ABBOCIATION THC. VO PUTS at. wow YORK OOTY. temperature. At the end of a week, she started to put it into the laundry bag, but was told the red silk trimming would not wash. “Am I to wear it this way some more?” she asked, and looked puz- zled at the affirmative answer. That week she was noticed to hesitate each morning before putting it on. Her ex- pression led her roommate to ask, “Did you spill something on your middy?” But she had not. The third week she put on a summer dress. On being asked why, she said she had nothing else. ““Why don’t you wear your middy?” With the impatience of endurance past the break- ing point she cried, “But I have worn it two whole weeks and it hasn’t been washed once!” ‘Then the American realized that this girl of another race, before coming to America, had never worn a garment more than a day with- out its being washed. This Oriental is A son of sunny Italy never sulk and frown: ” Italy in an American university now, and is becoming accustomed to several of our Uirty ways. The adjective is mine, not hers. She is always courteous. Centuries ago, our ancestors roasted the auroch whole and with stone ax chopped off huge pieces from which they bit mouthfuls for consumption. We shudder at the thought. We wish to forget the animal when we eat our beef- steak, even though we do want it a little red. But we still set the entire carcass of the smaller creature on the table and serve by wing, leg, or breast. The Orientals tell us they did the same in their long ago barbarous stage when they ate with knives and forks. Now their food is cut into small pieces out of sight in the kitchen and eaten daintily with chopsticks. Perhaps in a few more cen- turies we too shall learn to complete the butcher’s work in the kitchen. 146 Tale HEEL At home in France. § “We. simply Untid And though Were always mati sad ‘dinty we may be clean and neatly dressed, THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucaTION ASSOCIATION May, 1925 lalla a ee ele a a Sbecibes Marie, v phot ure clothes; ated “OF that you may be sure. ~MATIONAL WELPRARE ASSOCIATION IMC 3® 93 -Se YORE ciTr~ But these are all little matters and we will admit China is not any worse—or maybe even better—than we in some minor customs; but what can we say when the pupils report that the papers said the terrible bandits over there actually killed an American last week? For one thing we can remind them that the news could truthfully have been sent to Africa that we lynched a negro last week, and one two weeks before, and twenty-six, of them last year. If lawlessness and government’s lack of control over evil men be men- tioned, we merely need refer to the num- ber of Federal and State officers killed and wounded in America by lawless moonshiners and rum-runners. Yet we wonder why China does not develop a government strong enough to put down those who defy her laws. One missionary recently remarked that two women, France she felt much safer in China with bandits than in America where automobiles killed eight thousand children and nine thousand other persons last year. We hope we can firmly establish in pupils’ minds the beliefs that most cus- toms have present causes and that we can match those which do not have, with equally unreasonable ones of our own. These beliefs will make the chil- dren respect the Jewish housewife who tries to get dishes clean without the soap which to her is “unclean,” the Hindu who starves rather than eat beef, and even the Turk who massacres because he believes it will please the god of Islam. This will be a notable achieve- ment for geography and probably is all it can do now about beliefs. The children do feel that the suffering such beliefs cause is not right and that we who know better should teach the others. But to change religious beliefs is the work of adults, and we must tell the childrep their part in the endeavor to follow the old Book and be their brothers’ keepers is to do practical things for them. During the last decade our pupils haye made clothes for French orphans and sacrificed gum or movies to send milk to European babies. They have sent dolls and bandages to Near East orphans. Such activities must increase. The Inter. national Junior Red Cross, with head. quarters in Washington, can now help any teacher to put her pupils in contact with a specific group of European oy Asiatic children about their own age, The magazine of this organization js skilfully sowing seeds of understanding between peoples, picturing all children, not as queer and different, but as inter- esting, lovable, and alike. The children who have worked happily and painstak- ingly to dress a doll and write a descrip. tion of their games for a foreign school, and have in a doll in Czecho- slovakian or Japanese costume, which, though smaller, is dressed in clothes made with a degree of skill far beyond their own, are not snobbish thereafter, Though the language of the accompany- ing letter is unreadable, its appearance, like the sewing, is “better than even our teacher can do,’ and _ through the accompanying translation the grateful hearts of refined personalities shine so plainly that our conventionally cruder and materially richer children are hum- bly admiring and more desirous of shar- ing whatever they can. ‘The establish- ment of such personal acquaintanceship with the habit of active helpfulness is the best thing geography can do _ toward building a stable world society. return ORLD FEDERATION OF EDUCATION ASSOCIA- TIONS—The following announcement describing the relation of the National Education Association to the World Federation has been sent to Delegates, Alternates, and Participating Represent- atives certified by the Association to the meeting of the World Federation Edin- burgh, Scotland, July 20-28, 1925: In order that the representatives of the National Education Association of the United States who attend the Edin- burgh meeting may understand fully the policies of this Association in relation to the World Federation, we are quoting the action taken by the Executive Com- mittee and advising representatives to stand for these policies and principles at the Edinburgh meeting: ta) th Wi th Vol. 14, No.5 “After discussing the question of credentials for delegates to the World Federation of National Education Asso- ciations at Edinburgh, Scotland, in July, and after expressing interest and pride in the new organization, the following motion was made by Miss Jones, sec- onded by Mr. Siders and carried by a unanimous vote of the Executive Com- mittee: The President of the Association is hereby authorized: (1) To appoint three classes of delegates: delegates with full participating and voting rights in the conferences and in the Delegate Assem- bly, alternate delegates with such par- ticipating and voting rights as are granted by the Delegate Assembly of the World Federation, and participating repre- sentatives with the right to participate in the work of group conferences and to such rights and privileges in the Delegate Assembly as may be accorded to Partici- pating Representatives of affiliated na- tional education associations. (2) To appoint a chairman of the delegation and to acquaint him with the action taken by the Executive Committee at the Chi- cago meeting in 1924 and to call his par- ticular attention to the points of rela- tionship which the National Education Association believes should exist between national education associations and the World Federation. (3) To have the credentials printed on a good quality of paper and in dignified, attractive form to be signed by the president and secre- tary of the Association. (4) To instruct the delegates, alternate delegates, and participating representatives to discuss with the delegates from other associations the importance of restricting the voting privileges in group meetings and in the Delegate Assembly to those who hold credentials from the affiliated associations composing the World Federation’ — meeting of Executive Committee, Febru- ary 24, 1925. Policies and precedents—Since at the first meeting the policies of the new or- ganization are to be adopted and prec- edents established, the importance of guarding the principles set forth in the meetings of the Executive Committee is evident to all representatives of the Na- tional Education Association of the United States. The following was the action taken at an earlier meeting: “To construe the by-laws of the World Federation to mean that only one nation-wide association could be accepted to membership in the World Federa- tion.” The president of the World Federation, Dr. A. O. Thomas, and other officers stated that they believed THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 147 Fi were Says Jakob, Holland is the place re sturdy folks belong. On our canals‘in winter-time, The red-cheeked skaters throng, We shout and skate and slide and co Thatis why were all so ee 5@ Torrrent ih et Vomee ABIOCIATION Le this to be the intent of the by-law and that they would so construe it. The National Education Association of the United States believes that all other organizations in the United States should function only through this Asso- ciation—and that this principle might be made to apply to the national associa- tions of other nations. Aim of the World I ederation—lt has been stated that the aim of the World Federation is to promote good will and peace through education. Its chief pur- pose, however, is much broader than that. It is to promote the highest edu- cational ideals of all nations. It is to aid in advancing the time when every child in every land may have that educational opportunity Which gives a fair start in the race of life. Let the great purpose of the World Federation be to serve as a clearing-house for the best thought and Holland for the most pronounced developments in education throughout the world.—J. W. Crabtree, Secretary. DVICE to Schoolmasters—You are the most important people in the whole civilized universe. The school- master’s place is not only important, but supremely important. That is my thesis. I want to put it with boldness, shame- lessness, arrogance, and aggression. I want to suggest that they should up and take hold of the world. I shall tell you nothing new if I betray a consciousness that arrogance in taking hold of the world is not a characteristic of all school- masters. It is extraordinary what a lot of schoolmasters seem to be unconscious not of the importance but of the range of their functions—H. G. Wells, in the Manchester (England) Guardian Weekly, January 4, 1924. annual World Goodwill Day, to be observed under the auspices of the various National Associations com- posing the World Federation of Educa- tion Associations, has been announced by a HE PROGRAM for the second Augustus O. Thomas, presi- dent of the World Federa- tion. It will be observed on Monday, May 18. No action taken by the World Conference on Edu- cation was more significant than this setting aside of the anniversary of the first Hague Conference as a day when all our acts and studies should be related in some way to the larger problems of the world’s good. Teach- ers may well look forward to a time when the day will be set aside by legislative bodies in all nations as a great holi- day, to be observed not by ceasing our usual activities, but by relating them in a new way to the world’s larger needs. Perhaps the time may come when every government in the world will proclaim this day in some such significant way as Amer- ica now _ recognizes the Fourth of July and France the Fall of the Bastille. It is the hope of the World Federation that on this day especially all schools will keep the idea of friendship and international codpera- tion in mind in all lessons which have to do with our national neighbors, and in addition will emphasize the importance of goodwill and friendliness as the basis of World Goodwill Day To be observed Monday, May 18, 1925 several countries fly higher and more proudly by building a greater self-re- spect. “Czechoslovakia led the way in estab- lishing a goodwill day. Its distinguished educator-statesman, President Masaryk, Goodwill Day Created HEREAS, One effective means of promot- | ing the spirit of international goodwill is to | set aside a day in the year to be observed in the | schools of the world as “Goodwill Day”; and, Whereas, This day should in itself be a significant landmark in the movement for international friend- ship; Therefore be it resolved: 1. That the eighteenth of May, which commemo- | rates the opening of the first Hague Conference— the first gathering of the nations in time of peace for | the consideration of means of settling international | differences by peaceful methods—is especially ap- | propriate for concentrating upon the ideals of jus- tice and world friendship. 2. That on the eighteenth of May instruction should be given concerning the results of The Hague Conference and also the later efforts to bring the world together in a codperative body, and that this instruction should be accompanied by songs, both | _ national and international, plays and pageants, which carry out the spirit of the day. Be it finally resolved: 1. That the economic, social, and intellectual wel- fare of humanity demands uninterrupted co6dpera- | tion among the nations of the earth, and the reign of reason and justice founded upon international | goodwill. , 2. That such teaching will show the high signifi- cance of those things which enter into a true con- ception of civilization, and 3. That the acceptance and promulgation of these ideals will form a sound foundation for the promo- tion of higher spiritual values in the schools of the world.—Resolution adopted by the World Confer- ence on Education at San Francisco, July, 1923. to do some kind act to relieve distress and to say helpful things. ' “All the great teachers and_philos. ophers have promulgated a golden rule. Confucius, hammed, Christ all taught the principles Buddha, Zoroaster, Mo. of this new commandment which should apply to na. tions as well as to indj- viduals. The things which we teach and which are of most use to the taught are the things which become ay- tomatic with the individyal —things which in some way we weave into the web of human character. Justice should become automatic in order to make it efficient. If the teachings of the golden rule as applied to nations are to become automatic they must be given in childhood, before the mind is prej- udiced.” The observance of World Goodwill Day may take the form of special emphasis in connection with regular les- sons, opening exercises, and special periods. Courtesy, helpfulness, justice, honor, kindliness, charity, friend- ship, and goodwill should be emphasized throughout the day. Perhaps the most suc- cessful way to inculcate de- sired lessons is to provide a special program of songs, drills, pageants, recitations, essays, and descriptions of great characters. American children may well memorize such choice statements as the one by Bishop Oldham, of Albany, New York, “Amer- ica First,” which appeared in mutual prosperity and happiness. Says Doctor Thomas: “In teaching lessons suggested for this day it is well to keep in mind that we desire to build a more wholesome patriotism for the people of the country; a patriotism based not upon hatred and revenge and jealousy, but upon love of country and pride in the achievements of our countrymen and race. We should make the flags of the set apart a day for national observance of the great virtues which underlie jus- tice and goodwill. On this day each neighbor puts aside misunderstanding and contention and lives in harmony with his fellows. On this day men-cease to speak ill of any, sue no man, make none unhappy. But it is not alone a day of negation. It is a day of affirmative action. On this day we try to forgive, [148] Tue Journat for April and other quotations which emphasize the impor- tance of ideals, principles, character, sympathy, love, and understanding as safe guides for international as well as for individual conduct. In this way can there be prepared in the hearts of children the soil from which may grow a saner and more in- telligent world order. NE OF THE LARGEST and most splendid banqueting halls in Europe; a perspective of black coats, white shirt-fronts, brilliant gowns. A note of scarlet—the toastmaster’s coat—draws the gaze to the only con- tinuous long line in all that array. The long line is the Chairman’s table, stretch- ing from end to end of that great hall. There is soft music from the musicians’ gallery: black-coated waiters glide on silent feet: an occasional burst of laugh- ter punctuates the steady hum of con- yersation. The inauguration—The toastmaster raps three times and prays silence for the Right Honorable Chairman. From the middle of the long line rises a tall, spare figure. Face and voice are alike familiar, for the Chairman is one of the greatest ministers for education Britain has ever known. He turns to his right. He sees the upturned faces of peers of the realm, members of Parliament, great journalists. He turns to the left, where his gaze is greeted by the eyes of distin- guished soldiers, great newspaper pro- prietors, celebrated educationists. “My Lords!’—that is for the top table. “Ladies and Gentlemen!’—now he seems to take in with one comprehen- sive glance the five hundred guests seated before him. The Right Honorable H. A. L. Fisher, M. P., former president of the Board of Education, the historian, the diplomat, the seer, addresses the five hundred teachers, members of The City of London Vacation Course, whose studies he directs. This banquet inaugu- ip eS Britain s Vacation Course E. H. ALLEN London, England rates the course. From every corner of the British Isles have come these teach- ers. Tonight they meet together for the ISS MABEL JANE WELLOCK, who is now touring the States, is the holder of the scholarship for research in education, founded by The City of London Vacation Course in Education. Miss Wel- lock’s presence in America should focus at- tention on one of the most remarkable edu- cational enterprises ever undertaken in Great Britain. first time. Tomorrow morning they will worship together in Westminster Abbey. The day after tomorrow, in the glorious Guildhall of the City of Lon- ae eos EE for [Teachers don, the City Fathers will welcome them and they will hear words of encourage- ment from men and women who are making history. The inspiration—The City of London Vacation Course was founded in 1922 by Mr. Robert Evans. There were in- numerable vacation courses for teachers already in existence—courses in this sub- ject and in that, courses for primary teachers, for secondary teachers, courses for specialists, courses for the teachers whose business it was to teach every- thing. These were courses in education. But Mr. Evans conceived a course which should be unlike any course hitherto known anywhere, and the originality of his conception lay in his definition of education. For him, ‘education’ meant the education of teachers, and through them the education of the taught. That was one step forward. The next was not a step—it was a leap. The education Mr. Evans had in mind was education in the art of living as well as in the art of teaching. He saw the teacher’s problem perhaps better than the teacher saw it. Here were men and women earnestly absorbed in the task of teaching children how to live and of giving them instruction in the knowledge necessary for living. For the teachers, the little world of school tended to be the universe. If that little world were in a remote, inaccessible district, it was perforce but a span in breadth. To in- struct such teachers merely in the tech- nique of their craft would be but to tighten the chains of habit that bound [Yf EMBERS, lecturers, and staff of the City of London Vacation Course for 1924 grouped on the steps of the British Museum. [149] The Right Honorable H. A. L. Fisher, M. P., is principal and director of studies. 150 them. ‘That instruction was needed, and it should be of the best that could be pro- vided, but the real education of the teacher would begin when he _ was brought into contact again with that world from which his grasp had slipped. The _ best teachers must be made conscious of their importance, not only as teachers, but as members of the community, not only as individuals, but as a class. ‘Therefore, during the course, they must be sur- rounded by those outward and visible signs of social consideration. Instead of being lodged in scattered boarding- houses, they must be accommodated in luxurious hotels. Again, as teachers seeking to perfect themselves in their art, they must be brought into contact with educationists. But these educationists must be great by reason of their their achievements, and the public considera- tion they enjoy. So we find Lord Burn- ham president of the course. The prin- cipal in 1922 was Professor Sir John Adams, M. A., B. Sc., LL. D.; in 1923 and 1924 it was an ex-minister for edu- cation, the Right Honorable H. A. L. Fisher, M. P. The Vice-Principal was Mr. Frank Roscoe, M. A., secretary of the Teachers’ Registration Council and one of the greatest educational experts of Great Britain. ‘There was an Ad- visory Council composed of outstanding figures in the world of education, men whose names begat confidence in the mind and heart of every teacher. Was this enough? No, the teachers mus: meet educationists who could talk to them of problems solved in other lands. So the president of Columbia University, the President of the University of Chicago, and Dr. Viljoen, of South Africa, addressed them. The world of education—was this enough? It would have been but for the definition of education which in- spired the Course. The teachers had yet to be brought into touch with the world of men and things outside the school. So the Course was held in Lon- don. Day by day the members went to renew contact with the great buildings which enshrine the history of the race and of its achievements. And they went not as visitors but as guests. They had not to glean what inspiration they could from cold stone or inanimate exhibit. They were received by those whose voices could make dead stones live for them. Dignitaries of the Church re- ceived them at Saint Paul’s and at West- minster. The Governor of the Tower class-consciousness — The attainments, THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION himself led them through the fortress- monument. The curators of the gal- leries and museums themselves displayed the treasures under their care. Shapers of thought—Still was this education deemed incomplete. The day’s work would have included lectures by foremost experts on the art and craft of Honorable Viscount 7 HE Right Burnham, C. H., president of the City of London Vacation Course since its beginning in 1922. the teacher and visits to great historical collections. The inspiration that could only come from great men and women had yet to be provided. So a wide net was Men and distin- guished in most diverse fashion, brought to the teachers, assembled at lunch, messages of encouragement, recitals of experiences in innumerable _ spheres. Politicians like Lord Birkenhead, one- time Lord Chancellor, Mr. E. F. L. Wood, Minister for Education, Sir Robert Sanders, Minister for Agricul- ture, opened to the eyes of the members windows giving views of international affairs. Sociologists like Lady Astor, the Duchess of Atholl, Mrs. Wintringham, Miss Margaret Bondfield, all those great women who were the first to reach the legislature, brought, with the glory of their prestige among their sex, the indefinable charm of personality which is at the root of all influence over others. Leaders of religious thought so far asunder as Cardinal Bourne and Miss Maude Royden, musicians and writers K. Chesterton and cast. women, so diverse as G. May, 1925 ————— Geoffrey Shaw, leaders of business so fay removed from each other as Viscountess Rhondda and Mr. Gordon Selfridge— all these came to help make this Course an education. The completion—Not even yet was the process thought to be consummated. Hospitality, both civic and private, was graciously offered and gratefully ac. cepted. The Ancient Livery Companies of the City of London threw open their historic halls for the entertainment of the members. Viscount and Viscountess Astor received them in their home at Cliveden. A fortnight memorable by the rich. ness and variety of its experiences. The success of ‘The City of London Vacation Course is the measure of the skill which has gone to make the education of that fortnight a complete one. ‘Taken singly, the components of this education would The in the methods and subjects of pedagogy js essential. “The contact with the civiliza- tion of a great city is desirable. The inspiration which comes from the spoken word of great men and women is be- yond price. be true education for the teacher. Com- bine them and the teacher takes a new hold on life. A new spirit—Other eftects have not failed to declare themselves. Members of the Course, stimulated to a new in- terest and zeal for their calling, have sought to continue their studies. Thirty thousand teachers have taken part in the lecture courses associated with The City of London Vacation Course, which have been conducted all over the country. In view of these developments, the founda- tion of a Research Scholarship in con- nection with the Course was almost in- evitable. Miss Wellock, whose stay and work in the United States of America are bound to excite much interest, is at one and the same time a product and a symbol of the Course under whose aus- pices she travels. be valuable. instruction But none of these alone can work for more than wages, factories must turn out more than merchandise, or there is naught but black despair ahead. If material rewards be the only measure of success, there is no hope for a peaceful solution of our social questions. But such is not the case. Men struggle for material success because that is the path, the process, to the development of char- acter.—Calvin Coolidge. EN must | | | yeal agri ind kno for the Stat tion cons mini will indu ally Stat of t of t Eng grou and scha phre tive Stat livin justi grou welf that up 1 popt trib men Fift tow! raily tric fifty pave lead trial road of 1 2421 Stat ( Fe think the n is th THe may — imate The State of Indiana Grorce H. Mosser Managing Director of the Indiana State Chamber of Commerce NDIANA, pronounced by Irvin S. Cobb the “middle slice of the great American cake,” within the past ten vears has changed from a predominantly agricultural to a 50-50 agricultural- industrial State. Roger S. Babson, internationally known statistician, predicts that Indiana, for many years to come, will continue as the center of population of the United States and by reason of its strategic loca- tion, closeness to basic raw materials and consuming markets, wealth of its soil in minerals and for agricultural purposes, will remain a star in the galaxy of great industrial States. The Hoosier population is more typic- ally American than perhaps any other State in the Union. At the crossroads of the Nation, so to speak, it is a blend of the conservatism and thrift of New England, the polish and political back- ground of the South, the hearty virility and enterprise of the Middle West. Hoosiers take their politics, their schools, and their religion seriously. ‘The phrase is widely current that “every na- tive Hoosier is a born politician.” . RCHITECTURE has been called the noblest of the arts and poetry the finest. place in the education of the citizen. One may add dignity to our common life, the other inspiration and guidance to the individual life. This is the architect’s drawing of the National Cathedral at Washington, Both may well have a larger D. C., the construction of which is already well advanced. In its sacred precincts lie the remains of Woodrow Wilson. From its chambers each Sunday afternoon are broadcasted divine services by Bishop James E. Free- man to an increasing audience of listeners-in. America’s capital is richer in great architecture than any other center in the world. A Prophecy~ ALFRED TENNYSON For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see, Saw the Vision of the world, wonder that would be; and all the Saw the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails, Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales; Saw the heavens fill with shouting, and there rained a ghastly dew From the nations’ airy navies grappling in the central blue; Far along the world-wide whisper of the south wind rushing warm, With the standards of the peoples plunging thro’ the thunder-storm; Till the war-drum throbbed no longer, and the battle-flags were furled In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world. There the common sense of most shall hold a fretful realm in awe, And the kindly earth shall slumber, lapt in universal law. —Locksley Hall, Poetical Works of Alfred Tennyson, T. Y. Crowell Co. Lincoln Memorial RUTH EVELYN HENDERSON I saw it first as Gareth, eager eyed, Glimpsed Camelot—a distant gleam Of misty columns, high In a far, dim sky; Stretching the heart wide, Ethereal as a dream. And though on closer view So startlingly it loomed and grew Above me on its hill, In clear-cut purity of line Above the trees, in shine Of steps and colonnade—it kept the distance still. So, Lincoln, is your life to other men: A vision that grows more large and gracious, Intangible in chastity and light, Beckoning us more near; but when We would possess the soul with spacious, It kee>s beyond us still, upon its height. reach so Small Things BERNARD BENSON Small things are very great indeed: An earth must blossom from the seed; The raindrop is the rainbow’s need; The ray of sunlight in a room Dispels the deepest kind of gloom; The song that is a little thing Yet helps the heart, and makes it sing; A look, the pressure of a hand, Give these, and all will understand; The gem of language, join the third: No wealth is like the kindly word! Te Smile of a Child RUTH M. RICHARDS There’s something that cheers me daily Though the hates of the world dash wild,— Thru the care-cloud rifts a sunbeam sifts, ’Tis the loving smile of a child. There’s something that cheers me often When my heart is by doubt beguiled,— My faith returns and my glad zeal burns From the trusting smile of a child. 156 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpuCATION ASSOCIATION May, 1925 The Journal of the National Education Association Published monthly, except July and August, by the National Education Association of the United States President, Jesse H. Newlon Secretary, J. W. Crabtree The payment of $2.00 active membership dues entitles a member to attend all meetings of the Association and its de partments, to vote for delegates to the Representative As- sembly, to hold office, and to receive THE JOURNAL monthly The payment of $5.00 instead of $2.00 entitles an active member, in addition to the privileges of the $2.00 member- ship, to receive the complete bound volume of PROCEEDINGS, all committee reports, and other regular publications of the Association. One dollar of each membership fee is for a year’s subscrip- tion to THe JOURNAL. Subscription to non-members is $2.00 per year; single copies, twenty-five cents. Advertising rates on application. Members are kindly requested to report at once any change of address, giving old as well as new address. Tue JourRNAL is a member of the Educational Press Asso- ciation of America and is published in accordance with the standards of that organization. Entered as second-class matter October 28, 1920, at the post- office at Washington, D. C., under the act of August 24,1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of Oct. 3, 1917, authorized Jan. 26, 1921. Harold A. Allan Business Manager Joy Elmer Morgan Managing Editor EXECUTIVE AND EDITORIAL OFFICES: 1201 Sixteenth Street N. W., Washington, D. C. World Goodwill HE ultimate hope of permanent peace rests with the schools. When teachers disarm the hearts of children, wars will cease. The world is ready for treaties which will declare aggressive war outlawed and establish a world court. “These are immediate prospects. Beyond them are many world political, moral, economic, and social questions that must be solved one after the other if there is to be that codperation which will prevent wars. Back of the solution of all of these problems is a willingness to tolerate dif- ferences of view and custom, which have grown up with various races and peoples, until by the slow process of education the best customs and ideals shall have op- portunity to prevail. In international affairs as in the education of the indi- vidual child intelligent self-interest is far more powerful than repression and conflict. Let us teach to all children sympathy for all peoples and an appreciation of their worth. Let us teach them the com- mon obligations of service and fair deal- ing. Let us encourage world confer- ences, foreign travel; the reading of for- eign magazines, scholarships for foreign study, and educational attachés who will study the educational problems of the various nations as our diplomatic organi- zations now study military and com- mercial problems. Let us make Good- will Day a universal symbol of the triumph of intelligence and right over might in the solution of the common problems of humanity. A Timely Salary Report CHOOL boards look’to the National Education Association for reliable figures upon which to base advanced sal- ary schedules. For years the Associa- tion’s work in this field has been out- standing. Every teacher owes it an eternal debt of gratitude for having put into the hands of progressive school of- ficers material for use in their efforts to lift teaching to its proper place in the community. The Research Division of the Associa- tion has just published a bulletin on Public School Salaries in 1924-25, which is the most comprehensive report yet issued. It gives salary facts for over half a million teachers and school em- ployees. What is more, it gives this comprehensive data in time for the use of school boards now actually facing the salary problem. A study of this report shows plainly that the schools seek their teachers in a competitive market. Salaries deter- mine largely the caliber of the people at- tracted to the profession, the quality of their training, the kind of teachers re- tained, the morale of the teaching staff, and the place of teachers in the com- munity. Teachers deal with the greatest com- mon problem of the community—that of training its young. ‘They should ex- ercise large influence in determining pub- lic policies. Much of their work is ren- dered futile by conditions over which they have no immediate control but which they should greatly influence through their active performance of the duties of citizenship with the needs of children in mind. Teaching is sacred business. No true teacher thinks primarily of salary, but every teacher covets for himself and his fellows an income which will make pos- sible a life rich and full in order that there may be abundant energy for the challenging opportunities of the school- room. Let us all stand shoulder to shoulder in a continued demand for higher salaries for better teachers until every teacher is enabled to live the kind of life that we wish the best people in our communities to live. The Child Labor Outlooh SOME quarters there is discourage. ment over the adverse action of a gon. siderable number of States on the Child Labor Amendment. As the Situation now stands three possibilities present themselves: First, that the child labor abolitionists will admit failure of efforts to obtain National regulation and gop. centrate on State regulation. Second, that a new Amendment with a lower age limit and a different phraseology will be drawn and submitted for ratification, Third, that the fight for the ratification of the present Amendment will be con- tinued—that States which have for the moment rejected will come to a fuller appreciation of the whole situation and eventually ratify, making up the required three fourths. Every indication points toward the third possibility as the way out. The present Amendment was carefully drawn after thorough hearings, represents the common-sense judgment of those familiar with the problem, was adopted by both houses of Congress by much more than a two thirds vote, and has the indorse- ment of all leading political parties and of many National, educational, civic, and religious organizations. ORD EUSTACE PERCY, presi- dent of the English Board of Edu cation, and member of the Baldwin cab- inet, is pledged to smaller classes, better buildings, and the development of central schools and adult education. He ts @ graduate of Eton and Oxford and has had a variety of diplomatic, educational, and political experience. A Nation’s concern over education measures its interest in its future. rel shi the dr we wa in of nes tio ph abl inv — — —_ - Child Labor is Bad Economy E HEAR much nowadays of preparedness for war, but the discussion is confined to the relative merits of airplanes and battle- ships. Conscription is talked about and there are people who are advocating the drafting of wage earners in industry as well as to fight in the ranks in the next war. But all those who are engaged in shouting for preparedness ignore one of the most vital principles in prepared- ness—that is, that we must build a na- tion of real men and women, morally, physically, and mentally, who will be able to fight in the event our country is invaded. In the last war it developed that 25 per cent of the boys between 21 and 31 were illiterate. “The cause of this curse to our Nation was the greed of those who cased nothing for the rights of chil- dren, who had no compassion for the stunted forms and weak minds of those who had been forced into industry and prevented from living the life of a child. The cause of illiteracy in the United States is easily explained when it is known that 37 States permit children to engage in gainful employment without a common school education. Eighteen States do not make physical fitness for work a condition for employment and 14 allow children under 16 to work from 9 to 11 hours a day. Nine States have no law prohibiting all children un- der 14 from working in both factories and stores and two do not regulate in any way the daily hours of the labor of children. Those States which permit the employment of children under fourteen place us in the same category as India, China, and Japan. Unfair employers seek the labor of children because it is cheap. Fathers are discharged and their children hired. Grinding the very souls out of the young appears to be regarded as an “indoor sport” by those whose greed has de- stroyed their consciences. Children should be forbidden entrance to the fac- tories and workshops and should be com- pelled to attend school and spend a cer- tain portion of their time in the play- grounds. For that is where physically and mentally fit children are made. WILLIAM GREEN President, American Federation of Labor Washington, D.C. When Lord Wellington was asked how the battle of Waterloo was won, he said: “It was won on the playgrounds of Eton.” For forty-four years the American Federation of Labor has used its influ- ILLIAM GREEN, who on the death of President Gompers, be- came the head of the American F edera- tion of Labor, the most powerful labor organization in the world. Prior to his election, he was international secretary- treasurer of the United Mine Workers of America for eleven years, and served two terms as member of the Ohio Senate, where he did much for Ohio workmen. ence in every State and in the Federal congress for laws for the protection of child life. In 1910 the convention of the American Federation of Labor thus explained the objective which labor was seeking: “Organized labor contends for the im- provement of the standard of life, to uproot ignorance and foster education, to instill character and manhood and an independent spirit among our people, to bring about a recognition of the interdependence of the modern life of a man and his fellow-man. It aims to establish a normal workday, take the children from the factory and the work- [157] shop and place them in the school, the home, and the playground.” Two child labor laws were passed by Congress but declared unconstitutional, and it is not out of place to recall that the first blow struck at protection for children was in North Carolina, where the same judge declared both laws un- constitutional. And now from that State comes the propaganda from “The Farmers’ States Rights League, Inc.,” which appeals to the several legislatures to defeat ratification. A textile mill owner is president of the league; a banker is vice president, and the editor of a textile subsidized paper is the propagandist for this alleged farmers’ or- ganization. Great sums of money have been expended in advertising in farm papers, and the farm papers have fought the amendment in the interest of the advertisers. It is being said that the amendment will give the Federal Gov- ernment control over children, that it will be taken from the parents. The States now have control over the lives of children up to 21 years of age. The amendment only asks the Federal Gov- ernment be given power to limit, reg- ulate, or prohibit their labor up to 18 years of age. There would be no need for a Federal law if the States were sufficiently interested in children to en- act laws to protect them. Mill owners in New England com- plain that they must reduce wages be- cause of the cheap child labor in the textile mills of the South. Massachusetts has child labor laws. North Carolina and a number of other States have not yet passed legislation that would be ac- ceptable to the children-loving people of our Nation. In order to give them that protection which would permit them to be educated and morally and physic- ally able to meet the struggles of life, it is necessary that there should be a con- stitutional amendment that would per- mit the Federal Government to protect persons under 18 years from exploitation. There is no time limit for the ratifica- tion of the amendment and labor will fight for years to come as it has for the last forty-four to save American children from exploitation. Sixty-third Annual Convention, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 28-July 3. SEMBLY of the National Edu- cation Association, which will con- vene in Indianapolis in June, is the fifth Assembly since the Association’s reor- To be a delegate ganization in 1920. to this Assembly is one of the greatest honors that can come to an educa- tional worker. It matters not wheth- er the delegate be a teacher, a prin- cipal, or a superin- tendent. He de- rives his right to speak for his col- leagues from the fact that he is selected by them. He has a responsi- bility to reflect their spirit and their attitudes on the great questions that are before the teachers of the Nation. He has an obligation to carry back to them something of the outlook, the en- thusiasm, and the inspiration of the great legislative group in which he is privileged to serve. The creation of the Representative Assembly is one of the expressions of the democratic movement in edu- cation. It isa part of the effort to en- able the seven hun- dred thousand teachers of the Nation to have their part in shap- ing the policies of the Association and to exert a larger influence on the life of the Nation itself. In the early days of the Asso- ciation both teach- On to Indianapolis HE REPRESENTATIVE AS- ers and administrators were practically untrained. All were poorly paid, and it was chiefly the most fortunate adminis- trative workers who were able to gather at the historic early meetings. condition has been changed only as teach- That On To Indianapolis Partial Payment of the Expenses of Delegates TATE and local associations every- where are rallying to the slogan: stabilized all-inclusive membership, and the entire profession at work on its prob- lems.” The goal is a one hundred per cent active membership in local, State, and National Associations. Because of the great in- crease in the membership of the National Education Association, there will be a record number of official delegates attending the In- dianapolis summer meeting. While Indianapolis is conveniently located for teachers in the South and the Middle West, the problem of delegates’ ex- penses is a serious one to associations situated on the east and west coasts. These associations will be glad to know that the Executive Committee has voted to continue the plan of setting aside $10,000 from Associa- tion funds to be used for the payment of a portion of the expenses of official delegates to its Assembly. The $10,000 will be appor- tioned on the same basis as last year, when this same amount was used in paying the expenses of those dele- gates to the Washington meeting whose _ railroad and Pullman fares were over fifty dollars. Each delegate to Indianapolis will receive a sum in pro- portion to the amount that his railroad and Pullman fare exceeds fifty dollars. That each official del- egate may know the exact amount he will been prepared. Each delegate from the States listed will or receive the amount indicated in the table. The figures given in the table are the re- sult of calculations carried on under the Cornelia §. Adair, receive, this table has direction of Miss “A Amount Allowed Each Official State Delegate Arizona . $34.50 California ....... 38.50 Colorado ........ 11.00 Connecticut ...... 5.50 Delaware ....... 2.50 OS ae 6.00 ND er 32.00 Louisiana ....... 4.00 i ae: 12.50 Massachusetts ... 7.00 Montana ........ 23.50 Ce ae 2.50 ee 29.00 New Hampshire... 9 .00 New Jersey ..... 2.50 New Mexico .... 20.00 New York ...... 3.50 North Carolina .. 3.50 North Dakota ... 9.00 Oklahoma 2.50 Cs 5. 04:5 via 8 40.00 Rhode Island..... 8.50 South Dakota .... 7.50 TET Aus 0s See ee 11.50 SS aeees aee 23.50 Vermont ........ 8.00 Washington ..... 39.00 Wyoming ....... 13.00 ers oo» 050 94.50 ME ed. eae 106.00 Porto Rico ..... 78.50 Virgin Islands ... 81.50 how tion. chairman of the Committee on Financing Delegates. These calculations are based on careful estimates of delegates expected at the meeting and a statement furnished by a reliable railroad representative showing number of Indianapolis the the expenses of a delegate traveling from the capital of each State to Indian- apolis, Indiana, and return. The expenses considered were the cost of a round-trip railroad ticket,one and one- half fare, and a Pullman fare both ways. On the basis of these facts calcula- tions were made, so that each delegate whose ex- penses were over fifty dol- lars would receive a pro- portionate share of the $10,000. The amounts ar- rived at are given in the table. In considering this table these facts should be kept in mind: 1. No delegates from States not listed in the table will receive any part of their expenses from Asso- ciation funds. The cost of railroad fare and Pullman from the capitals of the States not listed is less than $50; therefore they do not share in the $10,000 set aside for financing del- egates. 2. Only participating of- ficial delegates will re- ceive any part of their ex- penses. 3. Each delegate from the States listed will re- ceive the same amount, that given in the table, no mat- ter from what part of the State he comes. 4. Every official State or local delegate attending will receive the amount given, no matter how large small the total State delega- 5. The amount due a delegate .will be paid at Indianapolis at the close of the summer meeting. On to Indianapolis. [158] The National Education Association belongs to all the teachers of the Nation. ~ State ers have. become better trained, better paid, and more able and eager to share in the work of professional organization, For example, in 1908 fewer than five thousand teachers had become active members of the National Education Association. Now over a hundred thousand members are sharing” its ob- ligations and op- portunities and membership js steadily increasing as teachers come to realize that the public will not take them and _ their work seriously un- til they place a higher value upon themselves and their service to society. The men and women who will gather at Indian- apolis in June will come as the fe- sponsible servants of their respective and local professional organ- izations. They will consider mat- ters of no less mo- ment than _ those which come before the Congress of the United States. What the Rep- resentative Assem- bly does in July will do much to shape the Nation’s destiny. That As- sembly will largely influence school programs and the status and work of teachers. It is a challenge to every teacher to make his contribution, to the common _ services of the profession from which he de- rives his livelihood and through which he renders service. of | do. ser’ gra sho inal hea tior mu all to. hab gra chil Th ing the the less mui and pow zatl the and I peri ice don dem Con One ers in tl tem in¢ orge ago, tion com app teaci triti coln Con the pals, terec T fifty incre day hun com prob are ¢ ‘- | of ry Nis on le- ich Jol. 14, No. 5 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION The Teacher's Health Dr. KATHARINE H. K. WoLrFE Director of School Health, Public Schools Lincoln, Nebraska HERE IS reason to believe that school systems are taking less care of their employees than industrial plants do. “How can we stimulate teachers in service to practice a full health pro- gram?” is often asked. Such a program should include a personal health exam- ination and a remedial and constructive health program following such examina- tion. To be effective, such a program must indicate methods for stimulating all teachers—from the health enthusiast to the teacher with fixed wrong living habits—to practice a full health pro- gram. Teachers are influenced, even as children are, by the powers higher up. The child reflects his teacher in his liv- ing habits; the teacher, her principal ; the principal, the superintendent; and the superintendent reflects, in greater or less degree, the sentiments of the com- munity leaders. A pedagogical head with a health vision and a resistent backbone has it in his power to set up a school health organi- zation which will cause 100 per cent of the teachers to build up their own health and deliver health goods to their pupils. If it is necessary to stimulate the su- perintendent before the teacher in serv- ice can be reached, it can probably be done most effectively through community demand, as by the organization of a Community Child Health Committee of One Hundred, made up of active lead- ers of men’s and women’s organizations in the community and in the school sys- tem, especially these already interested in child health. Such a committee was organized in Lincoln, about two years ago, to bring the problem of malnutri- tion in children to the attention of the community, and to gain the community’s approval for raising money to help pay teachers’ tuition at Dr. Emerson’s Nu- trition Institute, when he came to Lin- coln. The Community Child Health Committee was largely responsible for the fact that forty-six teachers, princi- pals, and supervisors in Lincoln regis- tered for Dr. Emerson’s course. This committee consisted at first of fifty members, and the number was later increased to one hundred members. To- day it would not be difficult to find two hundred members to serve on such a committee. When a special child-health problem arises, the committee members are called to meet on twenty-four hours’ notice at a twelve o'clock luncheon at our chamber of commerce building. The response is enthusiastic. A committee of this sort exerts an influence which will open the eyes of any superintendent blind to the health needs of his teachers and pupils, and gives him the support essential for success. The full health program should in- clude a physical examination for teach- ers. What evidence is there that such a periodic physical examination of teach- ers is needed? Very definite evidence was found when a study was made of absences, due to illness, of Lincoln teach- ers during the 1922-23 school year. It was found that 76.7 per cent, or 344 out of 448 teachers, had been absent one half or more days during the school vear, and 37.0 per cent of the teachers had been absent 3 or more days. The average time of absence per teacher, based on the total number of teachers in the system, was 2.6 days. Lincoln’s 344 teachers were absent on account of illness, during the school year 1922- 1923, a total of 1388 days. The cost of substitute teachers for this period (at the average rate of $4.50 per day) amounts to $6246. A school district is justified in de- manding that teachers who were absent three days or more during the previous school year shall have a medical exam- ination. It should adopt the policy of insurance companies in employing ex- pert medical examiners to do this work free of charge for all teachers willing to accept this service. Such a plan would attract the attention of all teach- ers to their health condition ; would pro- vide the best medical service for teach- ers; would reveal hidden physical defects and diseases and give the school medical examiner opportunity to urge corrective work; would assure better quality of teaching from the regular teacher; and would diminish the cost of substitute teachers. The problem of how to stimulate teachers in service to practice a construc- tive health program is at the very heart of health education. Personally, I am convinced that the average teacher knows no more about how to live prop- erly than the laity, and is just as desir- ous as other persons to gain reliable information on the subject. Two years ago I talked to teachers of Interpreting the schools to the public is the Indianapolis theme. 159 a poorly ventilated school building on school ventilation. Upon entering the room where the teachers had assembled, I met an interesting situation. The air was fresh, with window sashes open at top and bottom, and most of the teach- ers wore their heavy overcoats and fur collars and looked their disapproval. I commented on their good ventilation, but called attention to the fact that the room was still rather too warm—72 de- grees instead of 64 to 68. I devoted my fifteen minutes not to ventilation, but to the function of the heat-regulating mech- anism of the human machine, and the relation between overdressing indoors and susceptibility to colds. The win- dows of that building opened up. When teachers understand, their attitude and practices change. To summarize, the following ten sug- gestions are offered as helpful in stimu- lating teachers in service to practice a full health program. 1, Organize a community Child Health Committee of One Hundred to foster phys- ical, mental, and moral child health work. 2. Have an administrator with a health vision at the head of the school system. 3. Request all teachers who have been absent three or more days on account of ill- ness during the previous school year to present evidence that they have had a com- plete medical examination by a physician in good standing. 4. Persuade the board of education to em- ploy a medical examiner (a woman physician for women teachers) whose services shall be available free to all teachers desiring an annual medical examination. 5. Make every teacher a health teacher. 6. Make daily outdoor exercise of at least twenty minutes a day, except on stormy days, compulsory for both teachers and pupils. Group children according to three physical types—strong, “borderline,” weak—and put a teacher of the same physical type as the children in charge of the group, to exercise with the group. 7. Outline health lessons for the use of teachers in each grade in the school system. These lessons should contain as many im- portant facts connected with the subject of the lesson as possible, and should present health information in an interesting way and in simple enough language to appeal to all teachers, and be easily understood by them. 8. Provide a full supply of the best ref- erence books, charts, films, slides and other apparatus on health subjects for the use of the teachers. 9. Bring local and out-of-town lectures on health subjects into the school district as frequently as possible. 10. Provide a medical health leader for the school district—a real alive, gloriously healthy leader—one who is able by training and experience to be the enthusiastic direct- ing force behind the thrones of the Com- munity Child Health Committee and the su- perintendent of schools. 160 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION A Home for Retired Teachers Ouive M. Jongs Principal, Public School No. 120, New York City, and Vice-President of the National Education Association te THE DEVELOPMENT of the cause of education, the work of the National Education Association has divided into two broad fields of activity, which may be described as the interests of teaching and the interests of the teacher. These two words, teaching and. teacher, include practically every phase of professional progress. The first, teaching, occupied the attention of the National Education Association throughout its first years. This was en- tirely proper, because the subject-matter and method of our profession had to be studied and its importance, its relative values—its materia educata we may call it to parallel materia medica, a similar field in a fellow profession—had to be improved and dignified before the worker could gain respect and attention. But the second field, that of the teacher, has been for several years now the main subject of our attention. I am rather fond of saying that teaching can rise no higher as a profession unless the teacher, the worker in the field, receives consideration and conditions which en- able him or her to live and work as a member of an honored profession must. By teacher I mean every rank, grade, and type of worker in the field of educa- tion. When the expert theorist in edu- cation and superintendent cease to be proud of the title of teacher, they have blocked the progress of professional development. And I believe that every policy of salary, tenure, and pension which we are developing as part of those necessary conditions of living as a mem- ber of an honored profession apply with equal force to college professor, superin- tendent, principal, and grade teacher. The point to which I invite your par- ticular attention is a newly recognized need. If I were not myself an un- married woman, willing to own up to a quarter of a century of teaching, discov- ering that time and the natural progress of events in family life are likely to leave me without any close relative when old age comes, I might not have had this hitherto unrecognized need of the teacher forced upon my attention. But last year’s work as President of the Association brought to my attention innumerable instances, a few of which I relate. In August of 1923, happening to be present at a meeting where teachers were receiving their assignments for the new school year, I saw two women of over sixty left without contracts. Both had given forty years of satisfactory service. ‘The State has no proper pen- sion law. Both told me that they were without homes or funds, except the charity of uncongenial distant relatives. One had provided for an invalid father and brought up and educated his two children by a second marriage. The president of the Board of Educa- tion in a southern city told me that a large number of aged teachers had been discovered in poorhouses and _ insane asylums of her State. ‘The discovery was made during a legislative investiga- tion of State and county institutions. She did not know of my interest in the old-age conditions of teachers, but was citing the instances in connection with the struggle to prevent salary decreases in that State. Among my personal acquaintance are. several lonely old women, to whom a few of us give as much attention as our busy lives permit. They have a pension, so that they are in no need of food or clothing or room, but they have outlived all upon whom they might rightfully depend for companionship. Many mem- bers of the Association have told me of former teachers similarly situated in their own towns. The need of a home in old age is par- ticularly the problem of the unmarried woman teacher. The majority of men have families and look to the grateful care of sons and daughters. ‘The un- married woman teacher has no such future hope. In addition, her salary has usually been smaller, her opportunities for making “extra” money have been few, and she usually has the support and care of her own parents and aged rela- tives, being the last one left in the family home. A retirement allowance, actuarially computed and professionally propor- tioned with due attention to the questions of promotional opportunity, merciful provision for the aged, and the recruiting for new teachers is an essential among the conditions for honored living for the worker. But such an allowance does not entirely meet the problem of the teacher May, 1925 a facing a lonely old age. Money alone, no matter how liberal the pension allow. ance may be, cannot buy companionship, It will secure only mercenaries as care. takers. Provision of a home for the lonely retired old teacher is the rounding out i our activities to improve the essential conditions of living: Salary, tenure, pension, old-age care. Other occupations have set us the example—actors, ship. builders, sailors. The fraternities afford striking _ illustrations — the Order, the Moose, and others. The Ella Flagg Young Club, of Chi. cago, volunteered in February, 1924, to make a preliminary investigation to demonstrate whether need for any such home actually exists. Miss Isabella Dolton, president of the Club, appointed a committee which began work at once under the direction of Miss Jane Neil as chairman. Four months later, after q survey of but a limited area, Miss Neil reported that in answer to the query, “How many retired teachers do you know who need companionship and care at present?”’, the total number was 1263. Out of 8194 questionnaires syb- mitted, 3545 voted that they might at some future time need the facilities which a colony or residence for retired teachers would offer. Nearly 2500 said that if such a project were successfully undertaken they would like to become a resident, granting, of course, that the conditions were conducive to comfort and happiness. Opponents of the old-time poorhouse and old-style institutional care for the aged are in some parts of our country struggling to pass old-age pension laws and in connection therewith planning schemes of boarding out the lonely and uncared for aged men and women. Imagine such a fate for man or woman with the degree of education we have the right to demand in a teacher! How can a plan for a home for retired teachers be financed? ‘This opens up 4 problem which is being considered by an advisory council recently selected to meet the issue. Every State in the Union has at least one representative in that Coun- cil; many have three or four. That Council will decide upon what methods will be selected. Half a dozen have been proposed—a small annual volun- tary contribution, bequests, an insurance plan, a loan, a drive, etc. My object is to urge your sympathetic consideration. If any of you would help the cause along, write me for the names of your State representatives. Masonic 85,000,000 people live within thirty hours’ train ride of Indianapolis. GALILEO—GALILEI (1564-1642), the great Tuscan as- HANS GUTENBERG (1400-1468) in his workshop at tronomer, whose discovery of the telescope led to his trial Strasburg, Germany, showing the result of his invention— before the Inquisition in Rome. His discoveries in the printing on parchment from movable wooden types. Each theory of motion, in the laws of falling bodies and the letter of the alphabet was carved in relief on one side of motion of projectiles laid the foundation for modern physics. the type, bored with a small hole and strung. WILLIAM HARVEY (1578-1657), an English physician, JAMES WATT (1736-1819), the Scotch inventor, is mak- demonstrating his theory of the circulation of the blood, ing a youthful experiment with spoon and kettle in the one of the most important known laws of animal nature. condensation of steam. His inventions were many, but it is upon his steam engine patents that his fame rests. DR. LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895) was born in Déle, DR. EDWARD JENNER (1749-1823), the discoverer of France. His passion for chemistry led to his discovery vaccination, was born in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, Eng- of the germs of disease and their conversion into vaccines. land. He is here seen vaccinating a small boy with virus from the hand of a milkmaid. All Indiana is preparing a generous welcome for tke Nation’s teachers. 162 Tue JoURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION May, 1925 Home Economics in Education HELEN W. ATWATER Editor of Journal of Home Economics, Washington, D. C. HAT has now become home eco- nomics first appeared in our public school system as skill in needlework and cookery, but there were fortunate in- fluences at work which widened the significance. Prominent among these was the group of highly trained, broad- minded men and women, who, under the leadership of Ellen H. Richards, met an- nually from 1899 to 1908 in the Lake Placid Conference to consider the eco- nomic, social, and hygienic aspects of the home and their essential connection with right living. To reach the lives of the people it was recognized that “the whole general scheme of education, from grade school through college life, must incor- porate courses of study and methods of presenting subjects within range of daily life and personal application . developing knowledge of the true rela- tion of things to the welfare of the in- dividual and giving to the people a sense of control over their environment.” In 1908 a paper read by Mrs. Rich- ards before the National Council of Edu- cation gave a convincing statement of the true place of home economics in the edu- cational scheme and was followed by her election to the Council. Another fortunate influence was the attitude of the nutrition investigations of the U. S. Department of Agriculture which were organized in 1894 under the direction of Professor W. O. Atwater and of which the present Bureau of Home Economics is the outgrowth. The national and economic importance of educating the public in the scientific knowledge of nutrition was recognized from the start and the Department’s early publications on nutrition, which for years were almost the only reliable ones available, were many of them pre- pared with the needs of the students and teachers in mind. ‘This close connection between scientific research and teaching, which had then no parallel in other countries, made it much easier to broaden cookery to include nutritive values and food selection and paved the way for scientific research in clothing, household equipment, and other branches of home economics. That home economics has attained the ideals of its pioneers no one will claim. There is still all too much chance of duplicating Miss Bevier’s experience with the teacher who when asked what order she followed in her food class said she began with potatoes because they were cheap, then took up chocolate be- cause the children liked it, and then creamed cabbage because chocolate nat- urally led to it; or that of the girl who was painstakingly cutting and mending a three-cornered hole in her school patch while a similar honest-to-goodness tear in her dress grew more frayed with every movement. Fortunately, however, the main cur- rent of home economics teaching is set- ting in a more enlightened direction. On the one hand, it has felt the influence of the newer educational ideas and prac- tice; it defines its objectives with more precision, develops its courses with closer reference to the whole curriculum, deter- mines their content by the observed needs of the pupils and their homes, and emphasizes them at the ages to which the subject most naturally appeals. On the other hand, the public is more con- scious that industrial and social changes are changing the activities and relation- ships of the family and that the boy and girl of today need new guidance best to serve and enjoy the home and to make the home most serviceable and enjoyable for all concerned ; the popular campaign for health education has shown how vital to physical well-being are the sub- jects treated under home economics, just as the food conservation and thrift cam- paigns showed that national welfare may depend on how individuals choose their food and spend their money. The progress of the underlying nat- ural and social sciences is giving a firmer, less empirical foundation for home eco- nomics subject-matter. The psychology of child care, the hygiene of clothing, the economics of consumption are points on which long-needed technical information is beginning to accumulate. The social, esthetic, and spiritual elements of home life are receiving increased attention from economists, sociologists, and home economists alike; with increased under- standing of their actual nature and significance these important but in- tangible factors can be handled with less risk of vagueness and sentimentality. As a result of all this, home economics is changing its mode of attack. If the girls help with housework at home the care and simple decoration of their own rooms may be the point of departure for house-wifery, house furnishing, and esthetic appreciation. In a neighborhood where most of the girls take care of the younger children at home, a simple course in child care can be made of vital interest. When the objective of home economics is the development of the art of right liy. ing by the application of organized knowledge, it interests others besides girls and homemakers. Boys are quite as keen as their sisters to develop strong bodies. At present there seems to be a ten. dency to concentrate the work in schools into grades seven, eight, and nine. |r fits most readily into the type of cur. riculum offered in the junior high school: it opens up different avenues of experi- ence from other subjects, appeals to those who think in concrete rather than ab- stract terms, suggests a considerable range of vocational opportunity ; and it can en- rich the general educational content of the curriculum for boys as well as girls. There are those who feel that in the lower grades home economics may tend to permeate and merge into the general or practical arts courses, acting as a sort of service material for making healthy, happy, useful members of society. If this happens some special provision should be made for the over-age girl whose general training stops with the elementary school. In high schools some home economists detect a tendency to limit the home economics courses to electives, especially when the basic sciences are given a more definite slant toward every-day experience. If this continues, short unit courses in specific phases of homemaking may be found most useful for older girls as well as for women. In the colleges also there is a noticeable tendency to show the con- nection of the various arts and sciences with daily experience. Especially inter- esting in this connection. is the newly- established division of euthenics at Vas- sar and the fact that Smith has been scrutinizing its courses of study with the idea of bringing out their possible rela- tions to the problems of the home and family. Exactly how these ideas will shape the future of home economics, no one can see. Certain it is that the underlying conception of using organized knowledge to teach more efficient living is permeat- ing our educational thought more rapidly and generally than its original advocates could have expected. A great convention is an investment for the teacher, the children, and the Nation. pan the pur of | cei\ to ele con our dut inte cea wh the abu the jou tur sch Tr the Re are of | gra suc for as and pol nal of | ber tior this stat for hav =a we eS SS o vs 7 wm — evr = Te i a es ee 6h, ee, ee — oS te 4) ronan neneememamenant < Selected and graded, it aug- ments and reinforces the work of the elementary grades, giving the earnest teacher happy, helpful lit- erature which the children intut- tively love. Recommended by The American Library Association in its official organ, The Booklist, as “an excellent selection for children’s reading chosen from folk-lore, legends, children’s classics, modern literature and ” poetry Endorsed by educators and educational journals: “If we could give the child but one set of books for ) J $ his literary education, we should choose this series t See our Booth at the N. E. A., Indianapolis, or Write for Booklet, ‘‘Right Reading for Children”’ The BOK HOUSE /or CHILDREN 360-J North Michigan Avenue, Chicago New York Boston Kansas City New Orleans Mention Tue Journat when writing advertisers. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION A-119 THE NEW BARNES PLAN Insures Concerted Effort Toward a Common Goal THE TEACHERS’ PLANS The First Unit in Reading —Grades One, Two and Three. The Second Unit in Reading—- Grades Four, Five and Six. 7he Planis so simple and definite that each teacher can inform herself of the GOAL for any grade or group of grades. A Supervisor After seeing the NEW BARNES READ- ERS I am sending for sets of them to use in my school next semester. I consider them the very thing I need in silent reading. These books would, in my judgment, be splendid basic readers, as they present an exceedingly simple method by which the teacher is to teach. eo prary Sure® . ts Cambri ag®- Mase of our etaaenté nave sexed file each yest or the Lest é ° er. two nore They ase eee cert. pa eects apeorved ip Because © their pterest ana intense ft u gonoentretion : nevite of life invaluable to any indi ere formed. 7 ai iaual nave waren A Superintendent A set of attractive, well graded, well bound and fascinating readers with an unusual Plan. posi tion® tele ale wpe ana scours canta, te S10 Gaceities Meseeet is re tb Crterts thoreagD the eo the kage of at xpowl A Principal I find in this Plan a lot of meat which for the real teacher will be an inspiration, for the mediocre an encyclopedia, and for the poor one a crutch. They can all use it and use it to advantage. petnods- 7 bh the Liore sisfies 3% ene = and grees i: grecustee ar a omes to o ehich © , reeehe vusicees office youre very tF™ly- Write for Further Information on This Unit Plan Laidlaw Brothers 2001 Calumet Ave., 118 East 25th St., Chicago New York Eager to learn filing —with the new L. B. Practice method In the Omaha Technical High School pupils “are eager, fascinated and entirely absorbed” in learning filing by the new L. B. Practice method. EF COMMON SENSE MUSIC | [4th EDITION by SIGMUND SPAET George H. Gartlan, Director of School Music, New York City, writes: “How often when you have been striving to teach children the appreciation of music have you felt the need of a textbook that would tell you exactly what to teach and how to teach it in a way that would make the subject under- standable to your pupils? “The material in this book can be used both in assembly and in class rooms. It further pro- vides a general course for pupils in the junior high school who want to know about music What a contrast to the old fashioned lecture method that was dull to the student and difficult for the teacher! Each L. B. Practice outfit is a complete minia- ture filing system. With it, each student actually files and finds correspondence as she would in a modern business office. In the 2 years since the first of the L. B. Practice outfits was made, over 400 schools have adopted them with marked success. The coupon below will bring you a free copy of the booklet “Making filing fascinating to teacher and pupil.” It tells what you, too, can accomplish— and how easily—if you teach filing by the new L. B. Practice method. and serves as a medium of expression and mental determination for all who love the beautiful side of life.” THE COMMON SENSE OF MUSIC is one of the most popular works on music ever written. It has Library Bureau Administrative school records and files for superintendents, principals, department heads and secretaries Chicago SENSE OF MUSIC, with» an introduction by George H. Gartlan, will be for- Boston warded on request. Write NewYork Philadelphia 89 Federal St. 214W.MonroeSt. 380 Broadway 910 Chestnut St. proved of inestimable value to Mr. Julian M eseeee Library Bureau, Educational Division, Cambridge, Mass. in the teaching of music. A _ care of Boni and Liveright, Please send me your booklet, “Making filing fascinating to copyofTheTeacher’s Man- 61 West 48th Street, New teacher and pupil.” ual to THE COMMON York City. ~—— ES SN Ee GOOD 61 WEST 48°" STREET NEW YORK.NY BOWIE LIVERIGHT BOOKS ES A fe Vat City. J.N. ELA, 6-25 Mention THe JournaL when writing advertisers, A- 120 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpuUCATION ASSOCIATION _ ALL ABOUT TRAVEL & TOURS IN ALL EXPENSES Before Booking for EUROPE Send for the NORTH GERMAN LLOYD booklet— “29 EuropeanTours” for the Professor, Student and Teacher andkindred Tourists. The unusual attractive TOURIST CLASS accomodations of three fine steamers are exclusively reserved. From New York S. Ventana, June 13 Bremen, June 25 Muenchen, June 30 (Midnight) From Bremen Bremen, Aug. 15 Muenchen, Aug. 29 (France and England one day later.) “82° *150 (One Way) (Round Trip) and upward One of the 29 Tours Offered: 16 *:::::°100 Continent Travelling by the NORTH GERMAN LLOYD will double = pleasure because of the world ous service, attention and cuisine, Address: 32 Broadway, N. Y. or any local S. S. Agent German LLOYD EUROPEAN TOURS Sailing June 6 - July 3 Join our European Summer School for travel and study. University leadership. Moderate prices. Special French-Spanish tour with Pro- fessor A. S. Aiton, of the Uni- versity of Michigan. Write early for plans Bureau of University Travel 56 Boyd Street Newton, Mass. SWEDEN & DEN . DINAVIAN TRAVEL BUREAU 286 AY. GEN. AGENCY. NEW YORK City CHR. T. RAVEN, DIRECTOR. To ITALY and Return $193 Intermediate Second Class Reserved Exclusively for Teachers, Students, Artists, Journalists, Professional Men and Women on the Magnificent Oil-Burner COLOMBO 12,087 Gross Tons 21,000 Tons Displacement The ideal season and the ideal route. From New York June 30. From Phila- delphia July 1. Through the Straits of Gibraltar, across the blue waters of the Mediterranean, to Naples in ro days. Arriving in Rome for the Holy Year at a time when the Eternal City is thronged with pilgrims from the four quarters of the globe. Returning from Genoa July 21, from Naples July 22, or later. One-way Fares: Intermediate Second Class $107, One Class Cabin $155. Ask for Illustrated Folder showing spacious cabins and social rooms ftatian Line NAVIGAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA 48 Whitehall Street, New York or any authorized Tourist Agent Educational Tours For Men and Women Europe, 1925 67 Days $395 and up College instruction and credit if desired For full particulars address NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Tours Division 110 East 42nd Street, New York We furnish costumes wigs,etc.,for all school lays and operas. Enckesperian and his- torical costumes jour specialty. 40 years’ ex- perience. informa- tion address Fritz Schaultz & Co. Box 68 W. Lake Street Chicago, Il. SYSTEM OF GRADING FOR PERSONALITY AND VOCATION 50,000 of the noted ‘‘record charts’’ from Edward Amherst Ott’s Text on Guidance are in use in schools, homes, and indus- tries. Send 10c for copy. School of Chautauqua and Lyceum Arts Ithaca Conservatory, Ithaca, N PROFESSORS, TEACHERS Do you wish to earn a trip to Europe by or- ganizing a party of five? Tours, $300 to $2,000, Passport and Visas included. Established 1900 COLLEGE TOURS 136 Prospect Street East Orange, N. J. Mention THe Journat when writing advertisers, May, 1925 * Prang # IK Peng, i ° 3 ° ‘ Ghe. AMERICAN Crayon fom PANY Farka ibe Write for detailed booklet in colors TEACHERS, ATTENTION! NEW SCHOOL BOOKS The Modern School Readers: by Ruth Thomp- son and Supt. H. B. Wilson. New material emphasizing social efficiency. Primer, Book I, Book II, and Book III. Europe: by Dr. H. W._ Fairbanks; 134 colored illustrations. A Reader developed ac: cording to the problem method. Jingles: Mother Goose adopted for School use by Alice Rose Power. An About-Face in Education: by Adelia by Ethel I. Salis. Adams Samuels. An Activity Curriculum: bury. Wanted representatives for summer months. Send for catalog. Harr Wagner Publishing Co., 149 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California, Publishers of “Western Books by Western Authors,” THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT A CHART FOR CLASSES IN CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIP. Shows Clearly and Concisely the Organization and Activities of the American Government, Sample print, 18 x 26 inches, 50 cents. Substantial reduction in quantity lots. NATIONAL DRAFTING SERVICE, 5823 Colorado Avenue. ¥, CHARTS, GRAPHS, MAPS. Washington, D. ¢. A SUGGESTION— Cid that |you are a member of the National Education Association, make an effort to se cure ANOTHER MEMBER. VERY teacher has not been invited to become a member of the Association. Do your part toward giving all the opportu nity. N increased membership makes it more easily possible for the Association to work ef fectively on teacher’s problems. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION —_—S< Direct from LOS ANGELES Fortnightly sailings with giant liners. $97§-°° —and up, according to steam- ship and hotel accommoda- tions selected—covers every necessary Steamship, Sight- seeing and Hotel expense for the three weeks’ trip frem Los Angeles to Hawaii and return, including a 3-day side trip to Hilo to see the Volcano and other wonders in Hawaii National Park. Send for Illustrated Booklet LOS ANGELES STEAMSHIP CO. New York: 280 Broadway Chicago: 539 Marquette Bldg. Los Angeles: 517 S. Spring St. EUROPE*155 and Return is The NEW Tourist Third Cabin Tourist Speciale—Entire Third Cabin accommodations on great ships reserved exclusively for students, teachers, professional men and women and tourists. Neat, comfortable staterooms. Good table and service. Broad decks for games and lounging. Commodious, well- appointed public rooms. Over 25 sailings from New York, Boston and Montreal to England, France and Belgium, with direct connection for all other European countries. Complete choice of return dates. All-Expense Inclusive Tours from New York $215(up) for 24 days. From Mont- real $330 for 36 days. For booklets and helpful information apply to No. 1 Broadway, New York; 127 So. State Street, Chicago; McG Bldg., Montreal, our offices elsewhere, or any authorized steamship agent. WHITE STAR LINE ATLANTIC TRANSPORT LINE-RED STAR LINE INTERNATIONAL MERCANTILE MARINE COMPANY Dancing on deck—A glimmer of moonlight, adi ish of wat- er. Stars, laughter and music. Mention THe Journal when writing advertisers, Make Your Reservations Now FOR THE EDINBURGH CONVENTION JULY 20-28, 1925 This is the first convention of the World Federa- tion of Education Associations. Educators from all parts of the world have signified their intention of attending. Men prominent not only in the educa- tional field of Europe, but leading figures in political and governmental circles will be present and actively participate in the convention program. In order that the trip to the convention, the re- turn to America and post-conference British and Europe tours could be arranged with the least trouble and expense to the convention delegates, the American Express Travel Department has been ap- pointed official transportation agent. The official sailing direct from New York will be on the S. S. Canopic, July 8, Boston (July 9.) Those wishing to sail earlier or on a different ship should write in their requests now owing to the Already the American Express European organization has pre- heavy travel prevailing at that season. pared a number of appropriate post-convention tours both through historic Great Britain and over the Continent. ‘These tours vary in price from $255 to $495. In Edinburgh is a well-manned, local American Express office ready to serve visiting delegates. In Europe alone, the American Express staff numbers They will unite in making your journey carefree and com- fortable. The widespread United States American Express offices make it convenient to do your booking. more than two thousand employees. Complete information will be sent immediately upon your request. Mail the attached coupon to the nearest American Express office or direct to 65 Broadway. Please send me further facts concerning the World Federation of Education Association at Edinburgh. City and State coe essere eee eeeseeseesesseeessesesesbeeeese Street SCHAAR ASCH SFC CHOSSOCOCORESHKSC CHOBE SBOE eo S284 64D OR OEE AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL DEPARTMENT 65 Broadway, New York City A-122 T T T t T E T T T T Fi z bf 5 | z T T T t T T Z T T T T T T ys T T T T T I i i i 4 i i 4 4 4 i Es + i 4 t i i i i 4 i i pi i i t i i i 4 t i i 4 t 4 i i 4 t i THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpUCATION ASSOCIATION May, 1925 A Summer School by the Sea OCEAN CITY STATE SUMMER SCHOOL OCEAN CITY,N.J. Sap? For those who are or who wish to become PRINTING TEACHERS Ocean City State Summer School is conducted by the New Jersey State Board of Education. Five weeks, six days a week. Courses open June 29, close August 1, 1925 COURSES: Teacher Training in“ Methods” FOR PRINTERS AND PRINTING TEACHERS The Theory and Practice of Printing FOR ANY ACADEMIC OR INDUSTRIAL ARTS TEACHER OR SUPERVISOR WHO DESIRES TO SECURE A KNOWLEDGE OF PRINTING PROCESSES Linoleum-Block Printing FOR ALL TEACHERS Art, as Applied to Printing and Linoleum-Block Printing FOR ALL TEACHERS ——— FD Ocean City, N.J., where the State Summer School is located (only twelve miles from Atlantic City) is one of the most delightful summer resorts along the Atlantic Coast. Hotel and boarding house rates are very reasonable. Tuition rates for teachers outside the State of New Jersey are nominal—no charge is made to New Jersey teachers. Send for illustrated booklet describing the printing and normal school courses and Ocean City’s delightful attractions CMe For further information address W.S. AcKERMAN James M. STEVENS Chief of the Bureau of Credentials, State Principal Ocean City State Summer School Dept. of Education,Trenton, N. J. High School, Ocean City, N. J. F. K. Parties Director of Printing Department, Ocean City State Summer School 300 Communipaw Avenue, Jersey City, N. J. Mention THe Journat when writing advertisers, Tue JouRNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION WILL YOUR SENIOR CLASS COMPLETE THEIR EDUCATION? Without a Trip to WASHINGTON, D. C. Give Your SENIOR the Benefit of Personal OBSERVATION of MT. VERNON— Home and Gomb of Washington the Beginning of Our Country ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA— with its Many Historical Points, Surveyed by WASHINGTON, its LEADING CITIZEN. THE NATION’S CAPITAL And its Wealth of Historical Associations. Write for Folder and Information. Itineraries and Costs Furnished Free. WASHINGTON - VIRGINIA RAILWAY COMPANY MT. VERNON ELECTRIC LINE Station and Terminal: 12th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue N. W. WASHINGTON, D.C. READING OBJECTIVES cA Guide Book FOR TEACHERS OF READING BY Charles J. Anderson and Isobel Davidson, Department of Public Instruction, Wisconsin. Research.—Recent investigations in the field of Reading have influenced profoundly educa- tional opinion. Interpretation.—Scientific data must be inter- preted for teachers and applied in a concrete manner in order to be effective. Reading Objectives does just that—it in- terprets and illustrates the most recent thought and practice in the pedagogy of Reading. Single copies, postpaid Laurel Book Company NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA TOURIST THIRD CABIN MENU SUNDay, SEPTEMBER 14,1924 BREAK FAST a Grape Fruit ‘om Oatmeal Porridge—Mit - . Hl Cc Flak orn akes Broiled Breakfast Bans, mouth Bloaters Ser Boiled Ramee wper i Eggs and Tomatoes Cou P Beef Lyonnaise Potatoes Scihios ks Griddle Cakes—Maple Syrup nt ities ~ *kfast Rolls White, Rye and Swedish Bread armelade Coffee LUNCH EON wo Pea Soup Grilled Chicken’. {acaroni~-Sicilienne Roast Tea Broi lead roiled Ham appetising Cuisine is a feature iy the — to and EUROPE CUNARD VACATION SPECIALS ROUND TRIP FARE 9155 Comfortable, well-ventilated private staterooms for two or three persons, many baths, large dining halls, lounges and libraries, plenty of deck space for exercise and recrea- tion will appeal particularly to professional people, college men and women and others off for a summer vacation. For those who wish to spend some time on the other side, interesting, inexpensive tours have been arranged: $22 oe about three weeks to London and $331 for a brief tour of Great Britain, Ireland and parts of the continent (with a wide choice of itineraries). Longer tours at correspondingly moderate rates. Read what a Cornell student, a Wellesley girl, and a pro- fessional man traveling with his wife and child say about the accommodations, service and company on a Cunard Vacation Special. They were winners of the $600 in cash prizes offered by the Company for the best descrip- tions of actual voyages, and their stories are now pub- lished in booklet form. Write for the THREE PRIZE-WINNING STORIES Full information and sailing schedules on request. Reservations are being made now. THE WORLD'S FASTEST PASSENGER SERVICE DE LUXE RENOWNED CABIN STEAMERS CUNARD and ANCHOR Lines 25 Broadway New York or Branches and Agencies THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION For Health’s Sake use FAIRBANKS SCALES ODERN school authorities are taking over responsi- bility for the physical well-being of every child under their care. They realize good health is an essential to the greatest success both in school days and in after life. An important part of this work is am accurate record of every child’s height, weight and age. This enables special attention to be given underweight, undernour- ished children. Records prove such cases are by no means con- fined to poorer homes. Very often the higher percentage of underweight children is found among well-to-do families. A Fairbanks School Scale makes it easy to keep these rec- ords. It can be read sitting or standing. A measuring rod is supplied, if desired. The scale can be moved from room to room on a sub-base mounted on casters that can be had for a small extra charge. The finish is mahogany. The scale weighs to 300 pounds by quarter pounds on the beam. A similar scale, the Fairbanks Health Scale, finished in white enamel, is suitable particularly for office and hospital use. Write for further information about Fairbanks School, Baby, Clinic, Health or portable scales. FAIRBANKS SCALES NEW YORK Broome and Lafayette Streets CHICAGO 900 South Wabash Avenue And Forty Other Principal Cities in the United States Travel Now or This Summer An old established firm has a position open to a teacher who is available immedi- Work along line of education and travel. Must be over 28. No ately; also one for Summer vacation. Salary from start. Affords income of at least $200 monthly. previous experience required. Write for particulars. J. S. PERRY Dept. A-15 913 GARLAND BUILDING, CHICAGO NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING Reports indicate that hotel accommodations are fast being taken up. Indianapolis, June 28—July 4, 1925 Make your reservations today. See Hotel List, page A-144. Mention Tue Journat when writing advertisers, TIMELY PUBLICATIONS Reports, Yearbooks and Bulletins of the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION A Selected Group from the Asso- ciation’s List of Publications e William T. Harris: His Edu- cational and Related Philo- sophical Views, by John §. Roberts. (Cloth Bound.) I 5 nds Shinn ss sacl $2.00 Report of Joint Committee on Grammatical Nomenclature, December, 1913. Revised October, 1923. 76 pp....... 25 Report of Committee on School House Planning. rere 1.00 Health Education, a program for public schools and teacher training institutions. By 0 bse d eee sad en ensiee 1.00 Third Yearbook of the Depart- ment of Superintendence, Research in Elementary Cur- riculum Construction. 412 pp. 2.00 Third Yearbook of the De- partment of Elementary School Principals. The Status and Professional Ac- tivities of the Elementary School Principal. 634 pp... .1.50 e Many other publications of high value to school workers. List fur- nished on request. All orders for publications should be accompanied by funds in payment for same. Make checks and money- orders payable to NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 1201 Sixteenth Street N. W. Washington, D. C. May, 1925 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Watsonville High School Building, Watsonville, California. San Francisco. ee a ee eee ee ee Mr. H. W. Weeks, Architect, Medusa White Cement used for facing the cast architectural trim stone. Cast stone by A. Knowles, San Francisco. Cast Architectural Trim Stone HE school board wishing to combine permanence and beauty, at reasonable cost, will do well to investi- gate the possibili- ties of cast archi- tectural trim stone. Much of the high quality cast stone that is made in this country today is faced with Medusa White Portland Cement. The colors of natural stone are made possible through the use of varied aggregates. Your architect will gladly ad- vise you the names of firmsin your ter- ritory who make cast architectural trim stone of known quality. Also, if you wish, we'll send you litera- ture covering the many uses of Medusa White Portland Cement in modern school-house construction. Entrance detail showing the really beautiful results possible in cast stone made with Medusa White Portland Cement. The Sandusky Cement Company Engineers Building Manufacturers of Medusa White Portland Cement Medusa proofed) ; Cleveland (Plain and Weater- W ater proofing Paste); Medusa Gray (Powder or Cement: (Plain and Waterproofed); and Medusa Cement Paint. MEDUSA WHITE CEMENT Mention Tue Journal when writing advertisers, THe JoURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION May, 1925 Vol. INDIANAPOLIS INVITES YOU and promises to entertain and provide you with every accommoda- tion. The City has entertained some of the world’s largest conven- tions and ever the word comes back—lIndianapolis is truly a city eA F | courteous; a city with unequalled accessibility, facilities and | OYTmu d hospitality. THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION MM. ethod is assured a real Hoosier welcome on the occasion of its sixty-third annual meeting, June 28 to July 4, 1925, at Indianapolis. es . Act promptly to secure hotel reservations. Special rail- O ] eachin 4 road rates of one and one-half fares for the round ‘a trip are granted to members of the N. E. A. Identifica- . tion certificates are necessary to secure special rates. | These may be secured on application to N. E. A. Head- ‘| e °F quarters or to your State Director. rit metic (1 i =| 111 z 5 | 1 ee | Separates the study | A complete assortment ee SRE id Seating equipment fo of Formula from Sa Of seating equipmentfor 1 n schools, «! e ~t clas rooms, offices, rest PLY “i — a the study of Figures. Makes Arithmetic interesting to the student. importance of correct seat- As a result, Heywood-Wakefield [ys ing is nowhere more evident school equipment is carefully, F°“S,4 Ask for a co f : te re ee pane of the than in the educational institution. sturdily and scientifically built to |, m¢—“ sieasretg ea ; the highest ideals of quality and article ormula hee ag eee sit for the best ideas of practicality. } Method of Teaching hours, posture a consider- Ea pS Arith * 9? able effect upon thecomfort,health Through application to any ( rithmetic. and efficiency of the individual. | Heywood-Wakefield warehouse, this accumulated knowledge may To meet these particular require be brought to bear upon your ments the best recommendations seating problems by H-W school of mass-seating authorities have equipment experts. This consult- been combined with our 99 years ing service is available to you of seat-building experience. a = ts MONROE —'S ————— ——— | Calculating Machine Co. General Offices has 7 . FS oe 7; | Woolworth Building, New York, | | me : N. Y. — + a +53 — Se to - ae " = = We cam 2 SIE ~ =. Monroe Machines and Service are Available in hs Wy = all Principal Cities of the U. S., Canada, Great = — ale ; Britain, Europe and throughout the orld te A a i St REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. po 1 ae © | ae Fay ae Fp == — - om he i a Or ee eS az Sane 9: Se eee ee 2 See Mention Tue Journal when writing advertisers, THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Let the Kiddies Play You can help them have a regular playground. You'll enjoy the fun of starting it yourself. Write for Catalog M-14 and the booklet, “Planning a Playground,” which shows you many easy ways of raising funds and suggests the proper equipment with which to make a start. Fred Medart Mfg. Co. Potomac and De Kalb Sts. St. Louis, Mo. New York Chicago San Francisco When educators, psychologists, teachers of method and the hundreds of classroom teachers now using these books are in accord that the page arrange- ment shown here is of unique value in the learning process, a great gain pedagogically, don’t you think you should inform yourself about these re- markable publications? WE AND OUR GOVERNMENT Jenks and Smith Shows plainly just how our Government is constituted and how it operates in the situa- tions of every-day life. Carries a tremendous inspirational message. For 7th, 8th and goth years; also night schools. WE AND OUR HISTORY Albert Bushnell Hart A real biography of the American people. Drives home our country’s social, economic and industrial development. Contains a remarkable analysis of the Constitution. For 7th and 8th years. THE SPIRIT OF WE AND OUR WE AND OUR Angelo Patri Joseph French Johnson E. George Payne An inspirational civics reader for the 6th, Meets the call for economics in the oth year. A new four-book series for the elementary 7th or 8th year. An expression of the spirit Simple, non-technical, splendidly illustrated. grades and high school. Conforms to the new of American traditions done with a combina- Bound to make for good citizenship in its course of study recommended in the joint re- tion of sympathy, understanding and style that | broadest sense. Widely adopted for vocational | port of the National Education Association and amounts to real genius. and part-time continuation classes. the American Medical Association. at gone pevite along the right road to health and good citizenship , amen wagnaniien: Ssidigen, “ai Gilani" New Yok Cig: at: ese fascinating books. I meri ’ ’ : FREE POSTERS. We shall be glad to send upon request illustrated (0 Please send me copies of your posters. . posters—valuable teaching aids—showing “How a Bill Becomes a Law” | Please send me examination copies of the following books checked: and the “Daily Rules of Right Living.” | (1 Government, [] Work, (] History, (J) Spirit of America, [] Health. l OOOO OOOO SOHO SS SHOW SOSA SCHOO EHESHECEP SHES SES OEHODES SESE SSS American Viewpoint Society, Inc. 13 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK CITY eee ee eee SSeS EHS HEHE SEEES EEE HEHEHE HEHE EHTS EES HEHEHE ES ESS ee ee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee ee se IE) FOSIMOM . 4. gw esos esses essss Mention THe Journat when writing advertisers, THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Spend a Profitable Summer Traveling And Go Back to Your School Room Neat Fall with a Wonderful Store of New Knowledge and Experience and a Nice Bank Account If you had an op- portunity to spend an invigorating summer amid the constantly shifting delights of new scenes and new faces— if you knew that it would not only make you a more valuable teacher, but would also add sub- stantiallytoyourbankaccount, would you do it? Of course you would! And that’s been the immediate reaction of many other teachers. That's why we have added many teachers to our organization each sea- son. Last summer several made more than $1000 during the vacation period, and the average was better than $50 a week. 33% of the women were offered permanent positions in September and are valuable members of our staff today. Are you between the ages of 25 and 40? Are you wiiling to learn, ambitious, keen, free to travel? Then, if you ve had two years’ Nor- mal School or College training and three or more years’ teaching expe- rience—your opportunity is HERE! Write usa letter—a complete sketch of your interests and ambitions, edu- cation and experience. Make it a real portrait of yourself and include such important facts as age, health, the date you can begin, and length of time you can work. Preference will be given to those who can begin earliest and work longest. Training is part of the equipment we provide free of charge, along with all the regular requirements of the business. We pay railroad fare—and you enjoy a profitable, happy vacation. While you are learning, a regular weekly check arrives for necessary ex- penses. And as soon as you under- stand the rudiments of the business, you will be given an oppor- tunity to earn at least $50 $5000 per Year a week. ‘I haveaveraged dur- $4000 per Year ing my five yearsmore “To have visited the places and seen the sights I have seen would have taken quite asum of money, but traveling with Compton’s has made it possible for me to earn $4000 per year and see the country also.”"—Ruth Rounds. than $5000 per year, have beenabletosave a substantial part of my earnings, and with the help of the Com- pany to invest it so that it is paying mea splendid return.” —Emma M. Baum. $75 per Week “‘I am making more money than I made in the schoolroom, and the work is much more inter- esting. I am aver- aging now around $75.00 per week.’ —Grace B. Patton. Learn tomorrow whether you are qualified by writing TODAY. Address Dept. N.E.A.-1 F. E. COMPTON & COMPANY Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois Mention THe Journat when writing advertisers. Public School Salaries | in 1924-1925 A comprehensive survey of the salary situation in 1924. 1925 for approximately 1,500 cities. Seventy-two pages of the latest information on the ever-present — salary question; illustrated by forty-nine tables and four- teen charts. RESEARCH BULLETIN National Education Association Vol. Ill, Nos. 1 and 2 DOUBLE NUMBER 72 PAGES 50c. per copy Lots of ten or more at reduced rates, Special Salary Service Are you in need of salary data for cities the size of yours? Sets of 14 tables, giving complete distribution of salaries paid 14 groups of school employees in in- dividual cities, arranged according to five popula- tion groups, are available. The cost of a set of 14 tables for any population group is $5.00. National Education Association 1201 16th Street Northwest Washington, D. C. May, 1925 Q2eerearwroeoecantrxn sas G@Eaoee 5 oO EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION The Nation’s History By Arthur R. Leonard and Bertha E. Jacobs Central H. S. North H. S. Columbus, Ohio For seventh and eighth grades and junior high schools OUR DEBT TO THE OLD WORLD, 36 pp. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW WORLD, 107 pp. THE BIRTH OF THE NATION, 72 pp. THE YOUTH OF THE NATION, 72 pp. THE TESTING OF THE NATION, 96 pp. THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATION, 64 pp. THE NATION ON THE WORLD STAGE, 101 pp. Appendix and Constitution, 29 pp. Biography, 36 pp. material text! An organization of surpassed by no other HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 19 West 44th St. New York 149 New Montgomery St. San Francisco 6 Park St. 2451 Prairie Ave. “hi Boston Chicago GAIN IN NEW REVISIONS that put them that pace ahead which characterizes real leader- ship in effecting better teaching through use of better books are: Ritchie-Caldwell New-World Health Series Wohlfarth-Rogers New-World Speller On their first appearance, the Ritchie books blazed a new trail in teaching hygiene that has led to their being the most widely used health textbooks. In the Third Revision (1924-1925) they continue their leadership, They incorporate well-estab- lished methods of the new hygiene in a way unequaled for discriminating choice and for simple, interesting presentation of vitally important and usable health principles, The Second (1925) Revision of New-World Speller is the result of perhaps the most extensive checking of scientific vo- cabulary studies that has ever been made, This speller now contains the common words—as unquestionably as comparison of vocabulary investigations can determine them—that should be taught. The distinctive New-World Speller method, which proved its sound worth, is retained in the new revision of this modern spelling textbook, These revised editions maintain in all respects the high stand- ards which have made the two series eminently successful in the classroom, They merit careful consideration in any adop- tion, WORLD BOOK COMPANY Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York 2126 Prairie Avenue, Chicago EEO THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION This Valuable Book FREE to You— School Superintendents and School Directors It Shows How Your Ideas on Ventilation Can Be Realized You know what good ventilation is. You know that when fresh outdoor air properly warmed comes into each schoolroom con- stantly, causing seven to nine complete air changes an hour, you have good ventilation. The purpose of our special edition of Univent Ventilation is to show you how you can obtain these results for your school with the greatest ultimate economy. You don’t need to be an engineer to recog- nize, understand and prove the facts. It is your right and duty to help decide in- telligently how your school shall be venti- lated. This book shows how to choose—and enables you to show others the unarguable reasons for your choice. It covers the essentiai facts of good ventilation. HERMAN NELSON CORPORATION 1921 Third Avenue, Moline, Iil. Vv “Ventilation HERMAN NELSON CORPORATION, 1921 ird Avenue, Moline, Illinois Gentlemen: Kindly send me without obligation special edition of your valuable book “‘Univent Ventilation’’ which I wish to read in the interest of my school. 5 i Rp erry Hy Pere rere ere errr fete eet GK cb Srevceaeaalins tot ce oe b60s 65.00.bh-05 vs. i0 vn t5esh mAwegee ane ey AMIN sag 5555s v0 onal 0 sin tine v0 16.00.0045.0040 06n9uy en eee ere Mention THe Journat when writing advertisers, A-130 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION May, 1925 fol. 1 School House Planning The Report of the Committee on School-house Planning associated with Committees of the National Association of Public School Business Officials, the Ameri- can Society of Heating and Ventilat- ing Engineers, and the National Fire Protection Association. Superintendents, Principals, Teachers: Graphically illustrated — complete, concise and definite in its concly- sions. The result of a five-year study by experts. Invaluable for those who have school-building problems. Should be in the hands of every adminis. trator and board member. Position in Religious Edu- cational Work. Must be earnest Christian (Prot- estant). Must possess good Personality and Leadership. Larger Opportunity for Service, Income, Advancement. The Following Chapter Headings Show the Material Included The Process of Planning and Constructing a School Build- ing. Determination of the Schedule of Rooms. Choice of the General Plan. Capacity of Instruction Rooms. Capacity of Library and Study Halls. Detecting Waste in the Plan. State Regulations. Illumination, Safety to Life. Specifications. Estimating the Cost of a Build- ing. Planning Gymnasiums and their Accessories for Junior and Senior High Schools. Write for Special Summer Offer and Booklet “THE WORLD’S GREATEST NEED” Library Classification adopted by the Committee. 164 Pages Price, $1.00 per copy 10 per cent discount for purchase of two or more copies LARA AAAAAAAAAAAAAMA AA MAD bbb bb bbb bbb bbb bb bb bb bb bbb bb bobbi bin’ JUST OFF THE PRESS ORDER NOW National Education Association 1201 Sixteenth Street N. W. Washington, D. C. JOHN RUDIN & COMPANY INC. 2313 Prairie Avenue CHICAGO eerepinccassaresnastcssaTacss Saas Mention Tue Journat when writing advertisers. PEPHSSESESOOEOOOOH fwwwerrererrreroe rere oS Sete eee aaa bbhs LAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA DAA aL ooo THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION The Status and Professional : Activities of the Elementary ‘The Perr ictures School Principal SE STE PICTURES FOR CLASS STUDY. Size 3 x 3% Published as the Third Yearbook of | : TF 4 One Cent Each for so or more. The next size, 5% x 8, more ef- Reproductions of the World’s Great Paintings fective and better for Picture the*Department of Elementary School Sn — BN Principals. ArtTHurR S. Gist, Editor. ag Two Cents Each for 25 or more. a : ' The Ten Cent Size, 10 x 12, for 5 = 4 > or more, are excellent for inex- pensive classroom decoration and or collections. A VOLUME OF REAL SERVICE Rosey sxcrunss 1x | school principals | NATURAL COLORS to e cmemtary school principals, to ec il i ae. Three Cents Each for 15 or more. cators in general, and to students of Les Gam Eee | Size 7x9. ° ‘ i Send 75 cents for 25 common elementary education. . 4 i Birds and a very brief description of each. 440 pages—Price, $1.50 et : ' Fé, ‘ Artotypes. Large Pictures for eer = “4 Framing. Size 22 x 28, Make checks payable to CoURTLAND V. Davis, 7veas. hore SRR wager 9: Feeley ° ' ~* . < h for two o re; i A limited number of copies are a cone peee fee five Gt NE Te for one. available. It is advisable to order , oe @eee| Hand Colored, same size, at $1.50 each for two or more; $2.00 for promptly. Both the First and Second Girl with Cat Hoecker one. Yearbooks are out of print. CATALOGUES “We have enjoyed your pictures in our school work for several Send 15 cents for our 64- years and still find use for new page Catalogue of 1,600 ones.” Department of Elementary School Principals conte : . “I have used them a great deal miniature illustrations and 4 in my school work and have never National Education Association cisliiea Poly, Padied in my school work, 1201 16th Street N. W. Washington, D. C. ‘The Je rry-ictures G. sox vu. s.. MALDEN, mass. Choose this desk and your choice has been con- firmed 4,000,000 times HE thing to buy in school desks is stamina... = er for, as you well know, a desk of doubtful origin 4 Ser may become, after a year or two,a source of con- ¥ 84 stant annoyance and expense. To build stamina intoour desks, we do everything that is humanly or mechani- cally possible, and the result is that officials have chosen to buy more than 4,000,000 of our tubular steel model alone. Such purchase is the pinnacle of praise. Such popularity makes this the standard school desk of America. Make it the standard desk in your school . . . for, with such a rec- a oa For every school pur- ord behind it, you can be certain that strength and endur- . ale VICMVETY pose, the American ance are built into it. $ Excellence. With 31 branch offices and distributing organise” | | ? ae | : dene. where this merchandice is aleeady stored . . . in anticipa- If this desk costs a little more in the beginning, that is ; [tunic wtwemiaia. only because it has been built to cost far less in the end erican Seating Company 14 East Jackson Boulevard, Chicago The Factory is in Michigan, but the Service is Local to You! ee Mention Tue JourNnat when writing advertisers. _ THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION May, 1925 =~ AMERICA’S NEED for EDUCATION AND OTHER EDUCATIONAL ADDRESSES By CALVIN COOLIDGE A book that every teacher and every school = 2 fi triki ts fr ] official should read , 5 ea ee | ° this book of national importance l during the summer AMERICA’S NEED FOR “Education has come to be nearer to the hearts of the American people than any | EDUCATION other single public interest.” | in th Poa” bo paths tay) 7 wine It is not too much to say that the need of civilization is the need of teachers. The RIVERSIDE EDUCATIONAL contnbution which they make to human welfare is beyond estimation. In our own MONOGRAPHS hi : b formed th h day.” country this service was never better performed than at the present day. 80 cents, Read 6 ‘ ‘ . ; y Postpaid May 15 Certain mental tests have been tried for the purpose of estimating the intellec- tual capacity of individuals, and there has been an attempt to draw the conclusion that there exists a large body of people endowed with only a moderate mentality, But the capabilites of these people to respond to educational training is still unknown | and no one has yet put a measuring-stick on the possibilities of the human soul.” | | “One of the leading characteristics of modern life is its impatience. People are ambitious to secure the result without being willing to pay the necessary price for its attainment. They want the results of discipline without submitting themselves to be disciplined,’ HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY Boston New York Chicago San Francisco cANNOUNCING THE NON-THEATRICAL RELEASE of THE CHRONICLES OF AMERICA PHOTOPLAYS A series of vivid and inspiring motion pictures reproducing with The Films Produced Thus Far: historical accuracy striking events in the annals of the United States. Columbes $$ | ee, " cs ; : , Jamestown Planned by the Yale University Press under the direction of mem- The Pilgrims bers of the Departments of History and of Education of Yale Uni- Le, — : Bin - the duca. Asso. series to be 1. ¢ ation Miss | for tates Ction ative gis- for Bill nor | be has ide ver the du- the of ing | on Lou O’Hargan, Binghamton, N. Y., resentatives, apply himself industriously and enthusiastically to recewe a big compensation financially. teachers a and get a good deal of pleasure from the work.’ ‘HE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION one of our rep- says: “‘All in all, one need only to It really gives chance to double their school salaries ‘ee The Things You Want due to better business conditions. tion without delay. $500.00 for Your Summer Vacation We desire to fill these positions with people of unusual ability and utmost refinement, because the work calls for that type of person. Each one of the 1o will be ap- pointed an exclusive representative, and will be given an exceptional proposition bound to produce a good income. In past Those chosen will receive every advantage; guaranteed income from the day they start to work, and all railroad fare paid. Ambi- tion, plus the careful Weedon training and Each of these positions carries with it an opportunity to travel. This feature, although Inquiries Invited from / / We invite inquiries from responsible teach- } ers. Upon receipt of your inquiry we will send you a “High Way to Success,” de- scriptive of the kind of work, the position, and the Company; and a personal letter, telling you whether or not you can fit into one of these openings. Remember, we have been in business over 20 years, and will place those accepted in positions that not 7016 EUCLID AVE. Keep abreast in your subject Some courses in Edu- cation are ‘‘Genetic Psy- chology,’’ ‘‘Story Telling in Primary Grades,’’ ‘*The Rural Teacher’s Prob- lems,”’ “‘Study of Psycho- pathic Children,”’ ‘‘Meth- ods of Teachingin Elemen- tary Gredes,’’ ‘The Junior Hie School Movement,” “Elementary School Ad- AT Courses in 40 subjects com- ng credit ministration and Supervi- towards a Bach- sion,’’‘‘Educational Meas- elor degree. urements,”’ etc. Begin any time The University of Chicago $1 Ellis Hall CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Perry Kindergarten Normal School Founded 1898 by Annie Moseley Perry. Three-year course of training for kindergarten, primary, and yground positions. Supervised practice teaching. Enroll now for entrance this fall. HARRIOT HAMBLEM JONES, Principal %5 Huntington Ave., Room 316, Boston, Mass. 28 Teachers Have Every Advantage to Those Chosen / —and Travel Responsible Individuals Been Lucky —Only 10 More Can Be W=* NEED only 10 more teachers to fill our quota of 38 unusual opportunities for added income this summer—these positions being available So far we have chosen 28 for this high type of position that is very agreeable and highly remunerative. With but 10 such excellent positions now available, we urge that you send in your applica- summers some of our special representa- tives have averaged $1000.00, a number earned over $600.00, and a great many $500.00 or more. This is at the rate of $3000.00 a year or better for those who qualify for positions in our permanent organization. constant help, will start those accepted on an exceptional business career along school lincs. Agreeable associates, of course, and | of the highest type. secondary, should carry weight when you consider this summer’s plans. only offer a chance to exchange a summer of leisure for one of income and travel, but which also may lead to a permanent con- nection. Please state your age, education } and qualifications in reply. With only 10 positions of this type remaining, we sug- gest an immediate inquiry. Address S. L. Weedon, President. | THE S. L. WEEDON COMPANY Dept. 4-E CLEVELAND, OHIO The College of William and Mary WILLTAMSBURG, VIRGINIA Dr. J. A. C. CHANDLER, President Summer Quarter: First term, June 15 to Ju 25; second term, July 27 to September 2, 192 ly 5. For Men and Women Special courses for teachers, principals, su- pervisors, and superintendents leading to the Elementary, Normal Professional, Special, Col- legiate, or Collegiate Professional Certificates; and courses for students preparing for law, medicine, business, engineering, or social work. Credit for all courses can be counted toward a degree. Special attention given to certificate requirements. Write for particulars to DEAN K. J. HOKE Director of Summer Quarter “PROBLEMS IN CURRICULUM CONSTRUGTION”’ By LAWRENCE A. SHARP, Ph. D. A new problem book especially adapted for group work among teachers and for summer school classes. Com- plete bibliography; extensive problems; notebook size; unched, ready for classroom and pages perforated and ibrary use. Released from press May 1, 1925. Price, $1. PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION DIVISION Boulder, Colorado Mention THe Journal when writing our advertisers. A-139 School teacher sells first novel to famous publisher NITA PETTI- BONE, author of the great new novel, “The Bitter Country,” was a country school teacher. Her school was in a backwoods community of the great Northwest. The houses were rude; the salmon-packers and lumbermen worthy folk, but rude too. There was no stir of life to quicken the imagination—no crowds, no lights, no theatres, music, commerce or play. Only the great trees ringing the ham- let, the river running away from that place to gain the open sea, and at night — the dark. Could imagination grow in such sur- roundings? Could it create? Or would it be bludgeoned by a dull life into dullness? Could she—this country school teacher — learn how to write when she was thousands of miles from the venters of learning? Or must she go without professional guidance and instruction, and miserably fail? To these questions, the success of “The Bitter Country” makes a splendid answer. This novel has just been published by Doubleday, Page & Co. Critics everywhere are hailing Anita Pettibone as a “discovery.” How did she do itP Miss Pettibone signed a ceupon similar to the one appearing at the bottom of this an- nouncement. By return mail she received the Creative Test, by means of which the Palmer Institute of Authorship helps the ambitious to find out whether they stand a chance fer success as writers. Miss Petti- bone filled out this Creative Test, and the educational authorities of the Institute ex- amined and graded her replies. So far she had incurred no cost, no obligation. Because she passed the Test satisfactorily, Miss Pettibone was invited to enroll for training by the Institute. Her instructors were in Hollywood; by that time, she was working in a department store in Spokane. She was still far from the Institute, but home study and the use of the mails enabled her to obtain the professional guidance needed to put her on the road to success. Write for Free Creative Test Put yourself in Miss Pettibone’s place. Are you far from the seats of learning? Is your occupa- tion seemingly dull? Is your life apparently without color and movement? But do you feel that, given the opportunity, you, too, might be- come a writer? Then send for the Creative Test—the same test that meant so much to Miss Pettibone. We'll be glad to send it to you free. Just mail the coupon, ANITA PETTIBONE Author of ‘The Bitter Country”’ PaLMER INSTITUTE OF AUTHORSHIP Affiliated with Palmer Photoplay Corporation Dept. 74-S, Palmer Bldg. Hollywood, Calif. Please send me, without cost or obligation, a copy of your Creative Test, and literature describing the subject I have checked below— (C Short Story Writing CD Photoplay Writing C) English Expression Name Address... ™ All corrcspondence strictly confidential THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION May 1925 , RELATION of TEACHERS SALARIES N-E-A MEMBERSHIP Median Salary-Elementary Rachers § PerCentof Teachers Members of N-E:A’ Denver lene ey Philadelphia POS | Detroit | 1960 | 2 £4) St. fouis | 1956 | 29 50) SanFrancisco eet bikonges coe Kansas City Mo. poche St. Pal oa TY si. | Providence i Baltimore Satire ° 400 800 1200 1600 2000 #2400 National Education Association and the jnterest in their own problems. salaries of teachers. There are only exceptions enough to prove the rule. The showing would be even Any wide-awake citizen takes deep pride in point. | more pronounced should we take into account member- ship in the local and State associations. N x the relation between membership in the much for his teachers until they began taking an active | ing out to visitors the educational advantages of the city when conditions justify it. In some instances it One superintendent says that this tabulation shows ™#Y Seema selfish pride, but, be that as it majuaaag that the public respects the teachers who respect their fact that educational conditions have much to do with profession. Another says that he was not able to do the growth and rank of the city in public esteem. Summer Positions : for Energetic Superintendents and Principals if you have an state where formal 4 ple: is issued . . . endorsed leading . y Automobile we have members of the N. E. A... . used a job for you in thousands of schools today ... Comp- Th ] d ton’s Pictured Encyclopedia offers you, e principals and superinten- now, a greater opportunity than ever dents who last Summer handled before. Sales reach new records every blocks of territory for us and earned 2 to 3 times their regular salary for a similar period, will earn even more this Summer. FoR more than fifty years Spencerian Steel Pens have been the standard among better schools. They outwear any two ordinary pens. Children quickly learn the art of good penman- ship when they are given these h smooth-writing, long-wearing month. pens for their work. Join us. Increase your salary this Summer in the worth-while Compton service. We will give you training under an experi- A sample card of one dozen as- sorted pens for a dime. Please mention this publication. Spencerian Pen Company enced man and every assistance 349 Broadway New York to assure your success. We be- No. 1—Coll int ; doubl Compton’ s Pictured lieve this te be by far the most 5 earthen sae arent Encyclo edia is known y No, 2—Counting House, excellent P profitable Summer opportunity for bookkeeping No. 5—School, fine point; semi- elastic. No. 47—Intermediate, medium No. 2 point; stiff action. e. Spencerian School Pens the school world over as offered to school men . . . and the finest reference work the most dignified and desir- ever published. It is re- $1650 able. A limited number of per- In 13 weeks last Manent positions also open. mecenre Se. ne by Summer, E. a. Write for complete details of every school in the coun- gr sar he OUr proposition today, as ter- try. Approved by every Compton Service. ritories will soon be assigned. F.E. COMPTON & CO, sso Washinaton Street, CHICAGO Mention THe Journat when writing advertisers, Vol. — University of Vermont t On Lake Champlain At BariineUMMER SESSION | July 6, 1925, to August 14, 1925 I} Study and Health Improvement Gombined for students desiring graduate, iraveduate or normal school work Subjects include Arithmetic, Fine | Arts, Public School Art, Commercial Subjects, School Administration and | Supervision, Educational Psychology, Philosophy of Education, Educational Measurements, Junior-Senior High School Administration, General Meth- ods, Rural Education, English and Literature, Latin, French, Spanish, German, Expression, Vocal and In- strumental Music, Public School Music, History, Hygiene, Science, Social Science, Physical Training. SUPERIOR LOCATION, MILD CLIMATE, DORMITORY PRIV- ILEGES, EXCELLENT LIBRARY, WHOLESOME FOOD, THOR- QOUGH INSTRUCTION, UNEX- CELLED RECREATIONAL OP- PORTUNITIES ON LAKE CHAM- PLAIN AND IN THE GREEN AND ADIRONDACK MOUN.- TAINS. Write for further information and descrip- tive bulletin to DIRECTOR OF SUMMER SCHOOL University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont tive | ° Special itiesherts) an Geltbact int- Moody Bible Institute, July 7th to 31st the ee ol workers desiring bet- ‘ ter ment for varied S$ it lines of Church, Missionary j | and Sunday Seet gg isa Oy ow ee charge by the Institute's reg- vith staff. Also dis- tinguished ial Instruc- tors. Many students of canes _ apes 34. years returning for intellec- »-D.D. tual and spiritual refresh- Pres. of the Inst. ment. Room and board less Apply Early than $10 per week. Pro- gram mailed free on re- quest. Address Superin- Tiaepittiiees tendent of men, or of MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE 153 Institute Place Chicago, Il. Arnold College- FOR HYGIENE AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION hree-year Degree Course NEW HAVEN NORMAL SCHOOL OF GYMNASTICS rse Two-year Diploma Cou f or ful in placing uates, 1466 Chapel Street faculty. Complete indoor equipment and outdoor es, including camp. Appointment Bureau, success- New Haven, Conn. Plan Your Vacation Now Play and Study in Chicago 1886 NATIONAL 1925 Kindergarten and Elementary COLLEGE SUMMER SESSION Jane 19 to July 31, 1925 Summer Session Curriculum includes the latest developments in Kindergarten and Elementary methods for Teachers Demonstrations with Children 1925 Summer Bulletin upon application to: National Kindergarten and Elementary College Registrar, Summer School, Box 26 2944 Michigan Blod., Chicago Temple University PHILADELPHIA, PA. Phone, Columbia 7600 College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Teachers College School of Commerce Professional Schools: Theology, Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Chiropody School of Music Training School for Nurses University High School Summer Session July 6 to August 14, 1925 SEND FOR BULLETIN THE JOURNAz OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION A-141 MoOSUSUSOSUSUSUSM from College Centers to Scenic Center PEND your summer in Logan, Utah, in the pic- turesque “Heart of the Rockies.” Here America’s greatest summer faculty will be at your service—28 distin- if guished educators offering courses in all the major branches of learning. Earn graduate or undergraduate credit, study for term of 6 weeks or full summer quarter, in a school standard- ized and accredited. Such celebrities as Carver and Turner of Harvard, Ell- wood of University of Missouri, Mc- Collum of Johns Hopkins, Kilpatrick of Columbia, Cowles of University of Chicago and Franzen of University of California. Ellwood and Carver will teach full quarter, nearly all the others for term June 15 to July 25. The National Summer School Yellowstone, Zion National Park, Bryce Canyon, and Grand Canyon of Colorado easily accessible from Logan. Spend your vacation in the West, com- bine education and pleasure. , Use excursion rates with stop-over privilege. Ist Term: June 15 to July 25. 2d Term: July 27 to Aug. 29. Register June 12 or 13. Registration fee: $25 Ist term, $35 full quarter. Write for Catalog. Utah Agricultural in the heart of the Rockies.» Logats Uli RESEARCH IN CONSTRUCTING The Elementary School Curriculum The Third Yearbook of the Department of Superintendence 424 pp.; price, $2.00. Discount on quantity orders A volume abounding in definite help and information for those who have problems of curriculum construction PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 1201 Sixteenth Street Northwest, Washington, D. C. Mention THE Journat when writing advertisers. UNIVERSITY of MAINE SUMMER SESSION JUNE 29-AUGUST 7 Special courses for teachers. Grad- uate courses. Make your reservations now. Write to H. M. Ellis, director of the Summer Session, Orono, Maine. A-142 IF IT’S CALLED EVERWEAR A Complete New Everwear Ocean Wave No. B-210, patented Ovk Engineering Department works under one positive, standing order at all times. It is—“If it is to be called EVERWEAR, it must be worthy of the name.” How well this order influences the design, workmanship, and quality of materials used in producing Everwear Steel Play- ground Apparatus is amply shown in the testimonial letters we receive and the daily experience on thousands of play- grounds, where millions of children find the SAFE recrea- tion their natural instincts demand. Mark this—if it is called “EVERWEAR,” then it is the kind of apparatus on which you can trust your children to play, as we do ours. PRICED A LITTLE HIGHER, BUT WORTH MANY TIMES THE DIFFERENCE Our Catalog No. 17 is now ready THE EvERWEAR MANUFACTURING COMPANY World’s oldest and largest exclusive makers of playground apparatus SPRINGFIELD, OHIO THE JoURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucaTion AssociaATION May, 1925 ForsE WEAR-PROOoF Adjustable Window Shades Made of soft-finish wash- able Wear-Proof fabric jn ten different models Beautiful tan color; translucent, admitting dif. fused light. Perfect con. trol of light and ventila. tion with the Forse Duo-Roll The standard for 20 years, Fine buildings everywhere use them. Ask for free sample of fabric and com- plete catalog of all styles, Benton Harbor High School, equipped with these shades, illustrated below. FORSE MANUFACTURING 60, 600 LONG STREET, ANDERSON, INDIA The Honor of Life Membership The Life Membership in the National Education Association is the highest form of credential that members of the profession can carry either in this country or abroad. Are you willing to deposit one hundred dollars in the bank of Life Membership? Those who are engaged in teaching as a life service should take out the Life Membership early as possible in their career. Associations and groups of teachers are encouraged to take out the LIFE MEMBERSHIP National Education Association 1201 Sixteenth St. N. W. Washington, D. C. TO THE SECRETARY: I am interested in Life Membership and request you to send me the leaflet which gives . “ ° ‘ . 1 Prepared by the Joint Committee on Health Duplicating Dollars”. » > te ; . ‘Ts T N/ open in “apy oye ] oe D. Me ood, M. We shall be glad to send you ALS h wi “Sgr ager th: sed ‘it ot be further information about the for as been so great that a third edition has been Underwood Revolving Dup- eat pee wssary. - licator showing how it can be ut- 164 pp.—$1.00 a copy. 10% discount on orders of from 2 \ used in your business. Just ‘ial to 9 copies; 25% discount on orders of 10 or more clip the coupon below. ion (The above revised prices are effective May 1, 1925) - 4 Other School Health Publications SUNDERWEDD la- Prepared by the Joint Committee on Health Problems ees Chart set—Fifty-eight charts, each 22x 28 inches, a Per set (transportation extra) $7.00 =] 1 the Sets tinned top and bottom with hangers $9.00 a Revo vin Health Chart Report—showing miniature , Gentlemen: ile Health Improvement in Rural Schools, {_] Please send me further information about the Under- . Each 25 cents; per hundred $15.00 wood Revolving Duplicator showing how it can be used in 7, Health Service in City Schools, my business. 4 Each 25 cents; per hundred $15.00 “ORR eee Sr eat ° ° . . " National Education Association Pi nnn DN EE Le TREE, TI eS NA 1201 16th St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Mention THe Journat when writing advertisers. A’'SUMMER PROPOSITION fo teachers Exchange Your Leisure This Vacation for a Prof- itable Summer of Travel Unusual Advantage with Agreeable Associates OMEN teachers wanted to travel during the summer vacation. Definite Income to start, with all rail- road fare paid. Interesting work along school lines offering splendid chance to travel; business training and good income assured. Those who can start earliest and work longest given pref- erence. Pleasant summer territory open. Several teachers last summer averaged $500 to $1000 for their vaca- tion. This may lead to a successful permanent business career for you. Give full particulars concerning age, education and time you can start work, in first letter. Address R. A. WHITE Dept. N, 638 Keith Building Cleveland, Ohio Prestocopy Stencil Duplicator offers the easiest, simplest, most efficient and least expensive method of making copies of writing, typing and drawing. Any one can operate it. Price within the reach of every school. A boon to the overworked teacher, a decided help to the scholar. Indorsed by leading educators. Guaranteed without qualification. It must give satisfaction or money will be refunded in full. Three sizes: post card $10.00, note $14.00, letter $18.00, fully equipped, delivered at ° your post office. THE PRESTOCOPY CO. 951 Eddy Street The Draper Sanitary Roller Shade Patented Jan. 8,’07; Aug. 7, 1928 The Draper Line of Adjustable Cotton Duck Shade Meets School Requirements Sold by Most of the Leading School Supply Houses Mauufactured by The Luther O. Draper Shade Co. Spiceland, Ind. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION San Francisco, Calif. May, 1925 TEACHERS WANTED For Schools and Colleges Every Day of the Year NATIONAL TEACHERS’ AGENCY, INC. MAPS McConnell-made high-grade maps of all kinds for educational institutions. D. H. Cook, Gen. Mgr. Home Offices Philadelphia, Pa. TUNNELL MAP CO, Branches: Pittsburgh, Pa.; Indianapolis, Ind.; Syracuse, N.Y. Formerly McConnell Map Co. Northampton, Mass.; Auburn, Maine. 213 Institute Place Chicago, Il. No charge toemployers. No charge to candidates till elected. Positions waiting. Correspondence confidential. HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS DOUBLE YOUR INCOME If you are a high school teacher we can offer you a most unusual opportunity to increase greatly present income, without interference with your school duties. We have nothing to sell you, nor an expect you to do any selling or canvassing. Your work for us will be strictly confidential in and can be handled entirely within the privacy of your home. For full particulars address: Department 2, National Business Institute, 3902 Sheridan Road, Chicago we character Largest Teacher Placement Work in the U. S. Under one management (direction of E. E. Olp, 28 E. Jackson Blwd., Chicago) Fisk Teachers Agency, 28 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago. American College Bureau, Chicago Temple, Chicago. College work only. National Teachers Agency, Southern Bldg., Washington. Education Service, 1254 Amsterdam Ave., New York. Through our various connections we cover every section of the country Professional Placement for Progressive Teachers Discriminating Service to School Officials THE J. M. HAHN TEACHERS AGENCY We fill every sort of educational position from the kindergarten to the university. Our field is the twelve westernmost States, the Islands, Alaska, the Orient and Latin America. We are alwa $ in quest of outstanding people for important positions. " April Bulletin: We want first-class, experienced private school teachers; technical men for th Orient; experienced commercial teachers of university standing; school and public health nurses ‘ J. M. HAHN and Blanche Tucker, Managers 2161 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley, California Albert Teachers’ Agency 437 Fifth Avenue, New York 25 E. Jackson Blvd., Symes Building, Denver CHICAGO Peyton Building, Spokane Fortieth year. Well prepared Teachers for Grade Work, Junior and Senior High Schools, Supervisors, Principals, Superintendents, College and Normal Instructors and Professors wanted at all times. Our clients are the best schools and pay highest salaries. Send for booklet “Teaching as a Business.” ; 402 Dillaye Bidg., Syracuse 210 Title Bidg., Birmingham FISK TEACHERS’ AGENCIES 1420 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1020 McGee St, Kansas City 549 Union Trust Bldg., Pittsburgh 409 Journal Bidg., Portland 120 Boylston Street, Boston $17 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio 2161 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley 225 Fifth Avenue, New York 28 East Jackson Blvd., Chicago 548 Spring St., Los Angeles Send for Circular and Kegistration Form to any address above PAUL YATES, Manager THE YATES-FISHER TEACHERS’ AGENCY «20 soutn michiGaN AVENUE, cHicaco Telephones: Harrison 2642 Other Office: PORTLAND, OREGON, 911-12 Broadway Bldg. — ~~ SOUTHERN TEACHERS’ AGENCY xitinon Vc: coisa: Continuous registration. Four offices. No advance fees. Booklet. WE PLACE TEACHERS — see? 3 a ye THE H. D. YATES TEACHERS’ BUREAU, 728-30 Stahlman Building, Nashville, Tenn. No branch offices. Member of National Association of Teachers’ Agencies. FLORIDA TEACHERS’ AGENCY, Clermont, Fla. Trained, experienced teachers wanted. High School and special teachers in great demand. Write the Agency. rue Great Lakes Teachers’ Agency reaciioe, cumore mow FREER AOLO RES = AN] OM INT ON coe i oe etre rd SPECIALISTS Baers EDUCATIONAL BUREAU - ODEON BLDG.,ST. LOUIS,M9 Mention Tue Journal when writing advertisers, ols, a2 enn ee Oe ce QO ML OO (ee What are You doin “Keeping School ? Or Developing Future Presidents? Why The World Book Is Preferred Nearly 7000 pages—2 3 more than similar works 4 times as many subjects covered 10 volumes 5100 pictures Teachers’ outlines Lists of questions Related subjects Visualized instruction Monthly service bulletins Loose-leaf annuals Approved by 27 States Only work of its kind included in the ‘Graded List of Books for Children’ prepared by the Elementary School Committee of the Library Section of the National Education Associa- tion. 4 OU know the story of the three men breaking rock at the side of the road. Grunted the first, “I’m breaking rock.” Growled the second, “I’m making $5.00 a day.” Smiled the third, “I’m building a cathedral.” What are you doing? Just “keeping” school—or developing the great men and women of the future? Today, somewhere in the school- rooms of America, is an eager, ac- tive youngster who some day will be President of the United States. He may be in your room. There may be others in your room des- tined to become presidents of great business concerns, of educational institutions, leaders in social, po- litical and business life. Will they some day look back and _ think gratefully of the hours they spent answering your questions, asking you questions and listening to the words of wisdom and understand- ing which fell from your lips? The responsibilities and possibilities of your work are tremendous. You need every professional aid you can command—and you need the best. You need THE WORLD BOOK, the preferred reference work—ac- knowledged first in schools and libraries and endorsed by leading educators throughout the country. Nothing else can take its place. It helps you to make lessons interest- ing. It helps you to fan the spark of ambition, present in every child, into a flame which will light his pathway through the years. It helps you to give the child some- thing he cannot get from textbooks, blackboard exercises or parrot-like recitations—an understanding of the world in which he lives—its peoples and its problems. Before you choose any reference work, see THE WORLD BOOK and compare! Send for Free Booklets Check either or both of the free offers in the coupon below. Also note special offer to teachers on “Projects and Problems.” l POs 0. caceeh ak bees beepers caeieee g? THE WORLD BOOK is edited by M. V. O’Shea, Professor of Education, University of Wisconsin, assisted by a staff of 1% authorities. Prof. O’Shea is the author of many books for teachers, parents and pupils. He is intimately in touch with educational movements throughout the country, ana called upon frequently to inspect schools in every sec- tion Member of Board of Directors of numerous scien- tific, educational and parent- teacher organizations. 22, 154, East Erie Street, Chicago I | I | ; a I the project method. A 68-page book by Prof. M. V. O’Shea, William C. Bagley and |! other well-known educators. Regular price, 50 cents. Special | [Please enclose 25 cents , I I i W. F. Quarrie & Company, Dept. 1 Please send me the booklets checked below: | O“The Verdict of Educators.” Tells what authorities say about I THE WORLD BOOK [Free]. O “Making School Days Count.” Describes contents of THE | WORLD BOOK, including specimen pages [Free]. | (1 “Projects and Problems.”” A valuable booklet for teachers using I Geo. A. Work, Chas. A. McMurry, l | to readers of this magazine, 25 cents. : in stamps or coin if you want “Projects and Problems.” ] I , R , My Name and Full Address.........-. Sie re ee gee ot ey eer sin sama ‘slic: in: Sa i> ds de sme ahs ta “mga alle Cael, teas: ines: al W. F. QUARRIE & COMPANY « Dept. 122 ¢ 154 East Erie Street, Chicago THE WORLD BOOK ORGANIZED KNOWLEDGE IN STORY AND PICTURE When Space is at a Premium * Teachers appreciate a chart which saves the bother of eras- ing and drawing new diagrams. Colgate & Company has prepared a complete chart for illus- trating lessons in Dental Hygiene. Copies of this chart are sent, free, one to a school, during the present year as part of our service to teachers in solving classroom problems. This Colgate educational material is designed to present one fundamental idea—the prevention of tooth troubles. Preventive dentistry is the new forward step in dental science. It is sweeping the United States—and with it Colgate’s Ribbon Dental Cream is closely allied. Colgate’s is a preventive dentifrice. It removes causes of tooth decay. The delightful flavor of Colgate’s helps children to form the toothbrush habit. It is a habit which will help them keep their teeth safe for a lifetime. Colgate & Company A series of important and interesting bulletins regarding dentifrices and their action on the teeth has been pre- pared by an _ unbiased authority. Copies will be sent to educators who request them. COLGATE & CO., Dept. 654 581 Fifth Avenue, New York City ESTABLISHED 1806 Please send me free of charge the following: (Mark with FER. sien menancencdansnaaieosen a cross in the square opposite the article desired.) —<—<——— Town i a [] Tube of Ribbon Dental Cream (trial size) (1 Bulletin No. 1. The True Acidity or Alkalinity of Citene: td Mixed Normal Human Saliva. , C] Bulletin No. 2. A Comparison of Soap-containing and Soapless Dentifrices. State_.._.. Pn PA TRE 0! SAR Ca eg 0 Bulletin No. 3. ‘“‘Curdling’’ of Mucin in the Saliva. (Only requests filled out on tl be honored) C) Bulletin No. 4. The Comparative Effect of Mildly Alka- line and Acid (Soapless) Dentifrices and Certain Flavoring Materials on the Flow of Saliva.