The JOURNAL of the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION VOLUME XI January-Decempser, 1922 (For index see page 434) THE NATIONAL EpuCATION Assoc! ATION OF THE UNITED STATES 1201 SIXTEENTH STREET NORTHWEST WasHincton, D. C. 1922 The National Education Association of the United States 1. Is composed of more than 130,000 members actively engaged in the practice of teaching or interested in the cause of education. — TH | 2. Was organized as the National Teachers’ Association in 1857; added to itself the American Normal School Association and the National Superintendents’ Association in 1870 under the new name The National Educational Association. 3. Was especially chartered by Congress in an act approved by Pres- ident Theodore Roosevelt June 30, 1906, as the National Education Asso- ciation of the United States. we Me bd 4. Was reorganized on a representative basis at Salt Lake City in July, 1920, by the adoption of a new set of By-laws, which give every teacher in the land—from the humblest to the highest—an opportunity to have a part in shaping the plans and policies of the Association. mam TTT i} 1] Ht} Hilt HI 5. Is dedicated to the purpose of elevating the character and advanc- ing the interests of the profession of teaching and to the advancement of | \ a ee the cause of education. 6. Has a dynamic program for the improvement of education which would give an equal opportunity for a fair start in life to every boy and girl in the Nation. 7. Prepares for its summer meeting each year a program which stim ulates thinking on educational problems and quickens educational enthu- siasm throughout the country. 8. Has twenty-three departmental organizations which prepare pro grams in their special fields and make enormous contributions to the educa tional advance. \ g. Maintains a National headquarters with a carefully-selected staff : \ of experts in the various activities of professional organization who guard the interests of teachers and children every day of the year. Ne pe nee 10. Issues a Journal that each month carries to the Association's grow- ’ ing membership reports of its activities, accounts of educational progress, and facts and material which every teacher needs for professional and personal growth, i) ae YR wD) Vol. 11, No. 1 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION How We Made It Accurate and Authentic If you were selecting an Editor- in-Chief of your encyclopedia wouldn’t you select a man like Dean Guy Stanton Ford, of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota—or a Managing Editor like Samuel Bannister Harding, well- known writer and professor of History. Assisting these men as Advisory Editors were men like Sir Robert Borden, former Prime Minister of Canada Lotus D. Coffman, William Lyon Phelps, and John M. Coulter. The complete list of the eminent experts and schol- ars who made this encyclo- pedia is a guarantee of the accuracy and authenticity of the work. How We Made It Com- plete and Up To Date This is the only encyclopedia written wholly, every word of it, since the World War. In its eight volumes is covered clearly and thoroughly every field of the world’s knowledge. It is not a revision. It is not a modernization of an older work. It is not pieced together from other material. Every word of it has been written within the last three years, and carries the new world perspective that came out of the war. In the last volume, the eighth, is given a complete index toevery fact in the whole work. Outlines of the whole field of knowledge are given. One glance shows at once that this is much more than an encyclopedia. It is a verit- able child’s library, yet one which he will never outgrow. How We Made It Pictorial Visual education is one of the new advances upon which this encyclopedis is based. Pic- tures were gathered from all over the world from which to This encyclopedia is really select the many thousands used in this work. There is a picture for every idea that needs a picture. There are hundreds of pictures in color. The captions under each pic- ture are especially written, not lifted out of the text. A large staff of skillful artists was used exclusively for the art work of this encyclopedia. Each pic- ture is clear, new, and interest- ing so that the child will be drawn into the fascination of acquiring knowledge. How We Made It Inspirational a short-cut to learning. It does not exact a penalty of children for learning things, by making the obtaining of each fact a dry-as-dust task. The breath of inspir- ation is everywhere evident for each article has been written from a clear, fresh viewpoint. Each article starts with the salient point and takes the child on a fascinating little journey right to what he wants to know. One article is an in- spiration toread another. The child’s mind is stimulated, his ideals directed toward the best things in life. For this is more than an encyclopedia—it isa child’s library that opens up a pathway to all of the world’s knowledge. How We Made It Attractive In justice to the man who made this work possible it was evident that its physi- cal appearance must be as attractive as its contents. A special paper was made at the mills, smooth yet free from the glare that hurts children’s eyes. Beautiful color plates are interspersed throughout the whole work. The type itself is clear and readable. The binding would do justice to any millionaire’s library. The layout is artistic and pleasing. Each volume is Mention Tue Journat, when writing our advertisers. easy to handle and will stand any usage the child gives it. Regardless of expense this en- cyclopedia has been made as beautiful as it is serviceable. Your Opportunity To See This New Encyclopedia—at the N. E. A. Convention Won’t you examine this en- cyclopedia and see whether we have lived up to the aim expressed in this Fore- Foreword word. An encyclopedic, alpha- betically arranged survey os as of the whole field of knowl- ee mga a Sang — ss, ness, an W alluringness, and eae e are | . h h t | . . ituctration thet it should printing be- Bsci® Sektout anywtere ff low a little awe § invitation which we would like you to clip out so that you will remember to call at our booths, 86 and 87, Leiter Bidg., during the coming Educational and Commercial Exhibit of the N. E.A., February 27 to March 3. Let us show you this encyclo- pedia. See if it isn’t well worth the $450,000 that was spent just to make it. Why not tear — out this little invitation now and slip it into your note book? F. E.. COMPTON & CO. 58 East Washington St. Chicago, Illinois Invitation You arecordially invited toexamine F. E. Compton and Company’s new 1922 Encyclopedia at Booths 86 and 87 Leiter Bldg., Congress and State Sts., Chicago, during the Educational and Commercial Ex- hibit of the N.E.A., February 27 to March 3, inclusive. If you are not able to attend the session of the N. E. A., just fill in your name and address below and we will be glad to send you complimentary sample pages and full information, Mm A-3 A-4+ Tue JouRNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION World Book Company at The N.E.A. Meeting Department of Superintendence Chicago, Illinois February 27 to March 2, 1922 N EW textbooks, professional books, and stand- ard tests will be shown at booth No. 120 in the Leiter Building. Dr. Arthur S. Otis, Director of Test Service for the company, will be present to offer assistance to those interested in testing. Suite 1102 (the Presidential Suite) at the Con- gress Hotel will be company headquarters and reception room which you are invited to visit at any time. World Book Company Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York 2126 Prairie Avenue, Chicago ““A Sensible Book’’ NEELY AND KILLIUS Modern Applied Arithmetic An alert, enthusiastic teacher will revitalize the common school subjects by its use. It lends itself to correlation with many other school subjects. “This arithmetic appeals to me as the most sensible book of its kind that I have seen. It ought to find a place in every arithmetic class to supplement the usual type of text.” Velumet, 7oc Cloth, $1.00 P. BLAKISTON’S SON & CO. PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA January, 1922 VISIT D. APPLETON & CO.’S TWIN BOOTH EXHIBIT (1) IN THE LEITER BUILDING (2) IN THE CONGRESS HOTEL During the National Education Association Meeting at Chicago, February 26-March 3 Watch for These Grade Schools, Junior High Class Room and General Ref- Schools, High Schools and erence Books. College Text Books. School Library Books (in- Supplementary Reading. cluding juvenile fiction of Teachers’ Books. educational value). D. APPLETON & COMPANY PUBLISHERS 35 WEST 32D STREET, NEW YORK Meet your friends at our booth At the Convention See our Books and Journals [c= THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Mention Tue Journat when writing our advertisers. FOR SERVI ORE THAN sixteen years of intimate association with teachers, superintendents of schools, principals of private schools, and presidents of normal schools, colleges and universities have afforded a unique opportunity to study first hand their personal and professional needs. ‘These needs are many and diverse. They range in scope from securing positions to investing sav- ings and supplying legal advice. They call for a clearing-house where specialists of various kinds may be quickly obtained. It was in a measure to supply this growing demand that the American Educational Service Bureau and the National ‘Teachers Service Bureau were established a few years ago in connection with the Fisk Teachers Agency of Chicago and the American College Bureau. In order to de- velop this service so that it may be available to every teacher and school wishing assistance of any kind, these several organizations have been con- solidated under one head called EDUCATION SERVICE. For the time being, however, each organi- zation will retain its present status. EDUCATION SERVICE aims to render every conceivable kind of service to teachers and schools. One of its striking features is its effort to render this service at the lowest possible cost. It feels that the non- commercial spirit insures the highest degree of unbiased personal service. EDUCATION SERVICE has an office in Washington, near the varied governmental activities — the U. S. Bureau of Education, the Na- tional Education Association, the American Council on Education, and other National organizations. Other offices are located in Chicago, Evans- ton, New York, and Boston. The National was organized during the war as a Teachers Agency CHICAGO Steger Building EVANSTON Security Building WASHINGTON Southern Building Mention Tuer Journat when writing our advertisers, special service to schools, to the Gov- ernment, and to teachers. The urgent need of a teachers agency National in scope, and yet centrally controlled, having been demonstrated. The American College Bureau limits its field to colleges, universities and teachers colleges, and its various offices are under one management. Its personnel work is distinctly pro- fessional. Both the National Teachers Agency and the American College Bureau work on a cost basis. While self- supporting, they are non-commercial. There are no membership fees. If there is a surplus at the end of the year it is refunded pro rata to each person or school paying a commission. Detailed policies, plans, records, and books are open to any properly ac- credited officials of leading National educational organizations. The Fisk Teachers Agency of Chi- cago, the largest of the Fisk agencies, has been a corporation for several years. Last year it did about one- third of the business of all the Fisk agencies combined, and about one- half of the college work of all those agencies. The increase in volume of business the past year over the year preceding was more than three times the entire volume of business fifteen years ago. “This enormous growth is the result of the professional atti- tude which the agency brings to its work. The volume of business is an indication that this attitude is appre- ciated and that professional success means commercial success. The vari- ous Fisk agencies are merely afhli- ated, each operating independently. The affiliation consists primarily in exchanging candidates and vacancies in cases where this is advantageous to all concerned. DUCATION SERVICE will have booth No. 97 in Exhibit Hall at the meeting of the Superintendence in Chicago, February 27 to March 3. extends a cordial welcome to all attending this meeting to call at its booth. The American Educational Serv- ice Bureau aids both teachers and schools. Personnel work of a high order is supplemented by several other forms of service. It offers special discounts on books and maga- zines. In its travel service it arranges for congenial groups to travel to- gether, and it is frequently able to secure special privileges and rates for such parties, particularly for Euro- pean trips. In its thrift and savings work, it encourages thrift campaigns, and through leading banks and bond houses of New York and Chicago it is able to offer a special investment service. Through these financial houses the Bureau is able to secure inside in- formation in regard to stocks and bonds which may be offered to teach- ers. It urges teachers not to purchase miscellaneous securities without first permitting the Bureau to consult re- liable sources as to their value. ‘This service is entirely free. It also ar- ranges for school surveys, and in the purchase of supplies frequently it is able to effect a material saving. It furnishes secretaries and directors of financial campaigns. The National Teachers Service Bureau is the trade name used for the mail-order work. ‘The aim is ulti- mately to be able to purchase for the teacher or the school any article that is available or to give information as to where it may be procured. In ad- dition to this kind of mail-order work, it plans to become the official repre- sentative of a few firms supplying staple needs of teachers and schools. For example, it already has the mail- order agency for the Sheaffer foun- tain pen. The whole endeavor of EDUCA- TION SERVICE iis service. It aims to render the greatest aid to the largest number at the lowest cost. Your suggestions will be welcomed. Codperation is the key to successful service. Consult us freely. NEW YORK 1254 Amsterdam Avenue Department of It BOSTON 14 Beacon Street ERNEST E. OLP, Director A-5 A-6 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpUCATION ASSOCIATION 3 make a memorandum (and write the letter) * if you wish to endorse the active support rendered your Association by the following group of responsible advertisers who are helping by the use of advertising space to make THE JOURNAL a BETTER and BIGGER magazine. They will appreciate your business only in so far as they merit it by supplying goods and service of a high quality. You may feel secure in dealing with them. Tell them you liked their advertisement in THE JOURNAL. It will assure you of the best service and attention. ALL JOURNAL advertisers are glad to supply information and answer inquiries free. January, 1922 They maintain service bureaus for this purpose. ARCHITECTS ERASERS MAPS PROJECTION Coffin & Coffin. Rowles Co., E. W. A. Denoyer-Geppert Company. LANTERNS Gordon, M. E. Faber, Eberhard. McConnell Map Co. Spencer Lens Company. Hussander, A. F. Rand McNally & Company. ittner, William 5, FIRE ESCAPES PUBLICATIONS Lockhart, G. a ‘ Dow Company, The. s oI gy Aa Habe Pathfinder, The. Lowinson & Schubert. pencer Lens Company. FURNITURE RECORD SYSTEMS AUDITORIUM : : . PENCILS sam ‘ eet American Seating Co. ‘ : Williams & Son, Inc., C. F SEATING Columbia School Supply Co. | Faber, Eberhard. sys paige amgets American Seating Co. Rowles Company, E. W. A. PENMANSHIP SAVING SYSTEMS" BLACKBOARDS— HEALTH SCALES Palmer Company, A. N. ag Banking Machine COMPOSITION Continental Scale Co, Spencer Penmanship Co. op | Rowles Company, E. W. A. Fairbanks, Morse & Co. PIANOS SCALES | INK Mi Pi C Continental Scale Works. BOOK PUBLISHERS Miessner Piano Company. I ¢ > - 7 T b ks NV e American Book Company. Rowles Co., E. W. A. PICTURES Fairbanks, Morse & Co | Appleton ompany, V. LABORATORY , SCIENTIFIC Blakiston’s Son & Co. P. FURNITURE Perry Pictures Co., The. aeeameten Compton & Co,, F. E. Columbia School Supply Co, PLAYGROUND Compton-Johnson Company. | Kewaunee Manufacturing Co APPARATUS Rowles Company, E. W. A, Ellis Publishing Company. i 5, Welch Manufacturing Co,, Ginn & Company. LABORATORY Hill-Standard Company. W. M. Gregg Publishing Company. SUPPLIES Houghton Mifflin Company. | Rowles Company, E. W. A. sciannk ane SEWING MACHINES appincott C Se : . the alae ee ae > ap 0 Coe — MANUAL TRAINING | American Portable House Co.| ™™8¢F Sewing Machine Co. University of Chicago Press. BENCHES PRINTERS SHOES Columbia School Supply Co. Wiese Laboratory Furniture] Judd & Detweiler, Inc. Morse & Burt Co.—Cantilever BULLETIN BOARDS Co. Williams & Son, Inc., C. F. Shoe, World Book Company. TEACHERS’ Kewaunee Mfg. Com- Wiese pepeteiney Furni- Education Service. ture Co. ’ e Fisk Teachers’ Agency. | _.. SHARTS Directory of Advertisers National Teachers enoyer-Geppert Co. gency. McConnell Map Co. Western Teachers’ Ex- Rand McNally & Co. Page. change. CRAYON American Banking Machine Corp. A-13 Judd & Detweiler, Inc : American Book Company........ A- 8 Lippincott Company, J. TEACHERS’ Rowles Co., E. W. A American Portable House Co. AvIr Lockhart, G. INSURANCE DIPLOMAS American Seating Campany..... vee a McConnell Map Company....... A- ep ‘ ‘ Appleton & Company, D........ A- Macmillan Company Teachers Casualty Un- Welch Mfg. Co., W. M. 3eck Duplicator Company....... A- eseeener PIANO Co..s 6c cicnses A- derwriters DOMESTIC Blakiston’s Son & Co., P ee ee A- ‘ ? \ National Kindergarten College... A- SCIENCE Columb & Pee pany wae = an. Teachers’ Agency...... A- TOOTH PASTE AND olumbia Schoo upply Co..... A- Pa r Ye a eee EQUIPMENT E. Compton & Co..........+. A- Pathfinder, The’ c TOILET ARTICLES Kewaunee Mfg. Com- es Johnson Company ..... A- Perry Pictures arr-. f Colgate & Company. Continental Scale Works....... A- Rand McNally & RE Peres A-15 pany, Wiese Laboratory Furni- ture Co. Singer Sewing Machine Co. DRAFTING ROOM FURNITURE Kewaunee Manufactur- ing Co. Wiese Laboratory Furni- ture Co. DUPLICATORS Beck Duplicator Co. Frank .Irving Cooper........... A- Denoyer-Geppert Company Dow Company, Education Service Ellis Publishing Co...........-. A-ts Faber, Eberhard Fairbanks, Morse Fisk Teachers’ Agency.......... A- Ginn & Company. « oc .0 ce cow A- Gordon, M. E Gregg Pr seuaning Co... ...cs00- Hill-Standard Co. Houghton —s Co Hussander, Ittner, Willian - B Radway esawee A- | ee A- Research University ........... A- Rowles Company, E. W. A..... A- Singer Sewing Machine Co.. % Spencer Lens Company......... Spencer Rhythmical Penmanship. A- Spencer Turbine Company...... A- Teachers’ Casualty Underwriters A- 8 Temple University University of Chicago Press.... A- Welch Manufacturing Co.,W.M. A- Western Teachers’ Exchange.... A- Wiese Laboratory Furniture Co. A- Williams & Son, Inc., C. F UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES National Kindergarten College. Research University. Temple University. University of Chicago. VACUUM CLEAN- ING SYSTEMS Spencer Turbine Com- pany, The. Vol. 11, No. 1 HE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION A-7 —help you check malnutrition N eminent authority, upon investigating the condition of pupils in the schools of one of our largest cities, found that over one- third of them were seven per cent or more below normal weight. This condition naturally affected their school work. He declared, further, that ninety-seven per cent of such malnutrition cases were the result of neglect or ignorance of the facts. Fairbanks Health Scales should be used in every modern school to give ac- curate daily weight records of the pupils. They point out, as nothing else can, the need for proper food, prop- er assimilation or other cor- rective efforts. Send the coupon below for free Height and Weight Chart, and circular telling how these scales should be used in classroom work. , The pe oagpeed Health FAIRBANKS PORTABLE stewie Seale weighs up to 300 | e i as ; pounds by % pA all HEALTH SCALE i” ee as on the beam —no loose | , Pg : weights. The measuring . 4 ‘ : , rod will give the height ; } ‘ yt f of children or adults. ks ey. . 4 The Portable Health Scale © ; ps Soe en 44 is compact, and_ easily ! . in gt” > carried around from — — —_— school to school in out- - . | ies: lying districts. ' & if ‘ < — -- ~ OS Ce ee eae Be Fg Be sure to see our exhibit | at the Annual Convention, F Chicago, February 27th AIRBANKS HEALTH SCALE to March 3rd, 1922. Fairbanks Scales CHICAGO NEW YORK g00 South Wabash Avenue Broome and Lafayette Streets and forty other principal cities in the United States Mention THe Journat when writing our advertisers. A-8 THE JoURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION AssocIATION The Great Success of THE BEACON METHOD OF READING Is due to the fact that it was the first system to put the teaching of phonetics on a scien- tific, successful basis. With this system pupils get a practical work- ing knowledge of phonetics more easily and earlier in the course than with any other method. Because of the simplicity of the method they are able to do more supplementary reading. The nation-wide use of the Beacon Method is testimony to its appealing simplicity. GINN AND COMPANY New York Chicago London Dallas Boston Atlanta Columbus San Francisco “Who will pay your doctor. your nurse and your board bill when you are sick? Now is the Time to Think About It Winter is here with its colds, chills and fevers, its la grippe and pneumonia, its tonsilitis and other afflictions-—also its long list of Accident possibilities. A NEW SERIES Story Hour Readings By E. C. HARTWELL, Superintendent of Schools Buffalo, N. Y. NTORY HOUR READINGS provide the kind of .) reading material for which there is the most press- ing need in our schools today.. The selections make for the development of character and for the training for citizenship. The material included represents the best authorship in the different fields regardless of time or nationality, and affords excellent opportunity for training in silent reading. An unusual amount of space is devoted to modern writers. Among these modern writers are: Kip- ling, Stevenson, Howells, Joel Chandler Harris, Roose velt, Wilson, Cleveland, Mark Twain, Riley, Kilmer, Foss, Masefield, Van Dyke, and Noyes. Every effort has been made to give the child a taste for books, to develop his character, to provide training for citizenship, and to teach him to read with reasonable speed and to retain what he has read. The series is intended for the pupil after he has mastered the mechanics of reading and may be used to follow any method taught in the first three years. AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY NEW YORK BOSTON CINCINNATI CHICAGO ATLANTA January, 1922 A FEW CENTS A DAY KEEPS DANGER AWAY The Teachers Casualty Underwriters is the only institution of its kind in the world. It is the National Organization of Teachers. It was ‘projected and organized, and is now conducted by Teachers for people who have had a long experience in teaching. It is the one protective agency of the profession. Thousands of teachers, by enrolling in the T. C. U., have realized peace of mind and certainty of income. Send your name and address for complete information as to what the T. C. U. will do for you. You are equally entitled to this protection. Teachers Casualty Underwriters goz2 T. C. U. BUILDING - LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 16 the T.-C. U., T. C. U. Building, Lincoln, Nebr. Please send me information about your Protective Benefits. «Name \ddress Mention Tue Journat when writing our advertisers. JANUARY, 1922 Professional Progress and the Task Ahead HE YEAR JUST CLOSED marks an era of gratifying progress in the profession of teaching. The shortage of teachers brought about by war-conditions led to substantial in- creases in salaries and impelled the pub- lic to a new appreciation of the teach- ers work and worth. ‘There are in- numerable evidences that this awakened appreciation will not permit the insistent demand for retrenchment in public ex- penditure to keep the salaries of teachers from being placed and maintained on the higher levels now recognized as the only sound basis of a permanent teach- ing profession. ‘There can be no ques- tion of the great advantages that will come to education when the work of teaching is permanently freed from the handicap of inadequate financial rewards. The efforts of the organized profession of education must not cease until salaries have reached a satisfactory basis, which means for most communities still further increases. In the first place, it is clear that a con- . tinuance of this favorable attitude de- mands renewed and enlarged efforts on the part of teachers everywhere to prove by their work that the confidence of the public has not been misplaced. Pro- fessionally-minded teachers recognize this responsibility. They know that good work wherever done contributes to the good repute of their profession. They know, too, that the individual teacher’s faults and shortcomings are likely to be charged against the profes- sion as a whole. The present attitude of the public toward the teacher has not been easily won. Through hard work and devotion to the cause, individual teachers by the hundreds of thousands have commended themselves to their communities. When the crisis came and the attention of the “man in the street” was called to the teacher-short- age, he visualized one individual or at most a few individuals—Miss Smith or Miss Jones or Mr. Brown, perhaps all three and one or two others. What- An Editorial ever part he had in shaping policies was determined largely by what he knew of these individuals. In the aggregate his word was law, and that he decreed a ONFIDENCE is a price- less asset. The teaching profession has this asset and should conserve and strengthen it at any cost. This is no time to murse grievances, either imagined or real. It is dis- tinctly a time to render service, to do more than one is paid for doing, to bring duty once more into the foreground as the cor- relative of rights and privileges. The responsibility for setting this example rests upon the teaching profession as it rests upon no other group. The school stands today as the one major agency through which the forces that threaten disin- tegration can be successfully counteracted. LL IN ALL it has been a year of real progress in our profession—not spectacu- lar but permanent and endur- ing progress. Professional standards are taking form and substance. Professional or- ganization is insuring unity of effort. Individual enthusiasm is being sustained and nour- ished by a heightened profes- sional consciousness which gives rich promise of reaching a greatly increased number of teachers during 1922. better treatment for teachers as a group simply means that the number of indi- vidual teachers who had done good work was legion. It is a still greater tribute that with the passing of the first crisis and the coming of another quite dif- [1] ferent in character the disposition of the public has not essentially changed. The obligation now rests upon the organized teaching profession to con- solidate and extend the gains that have been made—to confirm and still further justify this public confidence by a re- newed consecration to the cause in which its services are enlisted. There are abundant evidences that professionally- minded teachers are alive to this re- sponsibility and that the proportion of such teachers is steadily increasing. In a recent issue attention was called to the increased enrolments in the summer ses- sions as indicating the rapid extension of a fundamental standard of the new pro; fession of teaching—the ideal of con- tinuous growth. On page twelve of this issue are statistics of the summer registrations, which show for the various types of institutions increases over the preceding year ranging from twenty-five to fifty per cent. More than a quarter of a million students, of whom a large majority were teachers, made up this enrolment. It is a conservative esti- mate that one fourth of the teachers in public-school service went to school in the summer of 1921. If one asks how teachers are spending the money that has come from the salary-increases, the question may be partly answered by these facts. If to the teacher-students in the summer sessions there were added those who are this year enrolled in the extension courses of the colleges, uni- versities, and normal schools, the grand total would be even more impressive. This demonstrated recognition by teach- ers themselves that the teacher must always be a learner sets a standard that no other profession has even approached and is convincing evidence that the teach- ers of the Nation clearly recognize the obligation to confirm and justify the confidence that the public has expressed in them and their work. To recognize this obligation is in no sense to take a servile attitude toward those who employ teachers. It neither 2 * THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpuCATION ASSOCIATION admits that the recent recognitions were not long overdue nor expresses the kind of gratitude cynically characterized as a lively anticipation of benefits yet to come. Questions of benefit and grati- tude, whether personal or professional, are in no way involved. ‘The best asset that the teaching profession can have in promoting the cause of education is con- fidence on the part of the public that its motives are impersonal and_ unselfish. We are living today in an era of dis- trust and suspicion. Not only do na- tions distrust one another, but groups within each nation question each other’s motives. In our own em- ‘ployers and employed are held apart by sullen hostility. Rural America dis- trusts industrial America, end industrial America with than suspicion the agricultural “bloc” and the forces that lie behind it. Pro- ducer, distributor, middleman, and con- sumer are at four-cornered loggerheads. All this represents in part the continued maladjustment of those social transformation that began with the invention of the steam-engine’ and the end of which is not yet in sight; but the problem has been infinitely compli- cated and aggravated by the war. Con- fidence—even the absence of distrust— becomes under these conditions a price- less asset. The teaching profession has this and should conserve and strengthen it at any cost. This is no time to nurse grievances, either imagined or real. It is distinctly a time to render service, to do more than one is paid for doing, to bring duty once more into the foreground as the correlative of rights and privileges. The responsibility for setting this example rests upon the teach- ing profession as it rests upon no other group. The school stands today as the one major agency through which the forces that threaten disintegration can country, views something more processes of asset, be successfully counteracted. Fortunately the school is in a much better position than ever before to meet and solve this problem. The educational forces of the country are on the way to a thoroughgoing professional organiza- tion. The progress that has been made during the past year has already been chronicled in THE JouRNAL: the multi- plication of State and local teachers’ as- sociations; the development of central State-association officers in charge of full- time secretaries; the ment in the programs and publications of teachers’ associations, and finally the af- filiation of State and local organizations marked improve- with the National Education Association. The direction which these organizations have taken is particularly significant in the light of the problems that lie ahead. They are truly professional in their spirit and purpose, devoted explicitly and avowedly not to the promotion of HE TRANSFORMATION of the normal schools into teachers’ colleges means more than a change of name—more even than a change of status. It means fundamentally a changed attitude on the part both of the public and of the profession toward the tasks in- volved in teaching little chil- dren. It means that mere lip- service recognition of the basic importance of elementary edu- cation is no longer sufficient. An outstanding function of ele- mentary education is to lay the foundations of a common un- derstanding, common aspira- tions, and common sympathies among all the people. These integrative forces must be de- pended upon to counteract the tendencies toward disintegra- tion and group antagonism that present-day social and indus- trial development so clearly involves. | EACHERS may well enter upon the tasks of the year ahead with renewed assurance that one problem after another will find solution. For the task that lies ahead we have, if not new vision, certainly new ele- ments of strength. In conse- quence of organized professional effort—National, State, and lo- cal—universal education will more and more be recognized as the major function of demo- cratic government. L class-interests but to the promotion of the cause of education. ‘They include all groups engaged in school work with- out discrimination as to official rank or status. They are essential agencies for the integration of educational forces— for insuring the dominance of common purposes and the coéperation that is es- sential to the realization of these pur- poses. January, 1922 Closely related to the development of these professional organizations is the progress that the past year has witnessed in the preparation of teachers. While the enrolment in the regular sessions of the professional schools is still far from what it should be, the need ‘of broader and better programs for the pre-service education of teachers is becoming more generally recognized. The transforma- tion of the normal schools into teachers’ colleges means more than a change of name—more than a change of status. It means fundamentally a changed attitude on the part both of the public and of the profession toward the tasks involved in teaching little children. It means that mere lip-service recognition even of the basic importance of elementary An outstanding function of elementary edu- cation is to lay the foundations of a com- mon understanding education is no longer sufficient. g, common aspirations, and common sympathies among all the people. ‘These integrative forces must be depended upon te counteract the tendencies toward disintegration and group antagonism that present-day social and industrial development so clearly in- The brunt of this task must fall upon the elementary teacher, who will need a breadth of vision and an equipment of knowledge and skill far in advance of that represented in the mea- ger training programs of the past. The movement toward the development of teachers’ colleges to replace the normal schools is a long step in the right direc- tion. The various types of professional ad- vancement heretofore discussed have contributed something toward an ulti- mate solution of the most serious and complicated of educational prob- lems—the problem of the rural school. While standards of training for rural- school teachers—both in-service and pre- service—still deplorably low, there is among educational leaders and country people themselves growing dis- satisfaction with low standards. Public sentiment is gathering at any time it may break out in a Nation-wide volves. our remain force movement for the thoroughgoing reor- Mean- while the pattern is being set, the plans laid. progress is being made. ganization of rural education. Over relatively wide areas rapid There are now some twelve thousand consolidated schools, euch replacing from four to twelve one-teacher schools, of which there are still left enough—-some two hundred thousand—to constitute a grave le m ist he id ial ist ho vO ve Vol. 11, No. 1 problem. But it is good to know that the leaven is at work. Of great signif- icance, too, is the strong professional organization of rural-school leaders with its constructive and far-reaching pro- gram, and a new journal devoted ex- clusively to its problems. There are other educational fields in which the year records substantial prog- ress. Revised salary schedules show a marked tendency to erase distinctions as between the different “levels” of service and to recognize especially the factor of training as a determinant of salary- increases, thus strengthening mightily the ideal of continuous growth as the foundation of the new profession of teaching. The problems of school taxation are being studied as never before, and new sources of possible revenue will doubt- less be disclosed by the extensive investi- gations now in progress. School architecture and school sanita- tion are taking on new life in the effort to catch up with the building programs that could not be put through during the period of high prices. Auxiliary agencies—medical and den- tal inspection, the school-nurse, and the visiting teacher—are being stabilized and extended to new areas, and especially, under cooperative arrangement, to groups of small-town and even open- country schools. Last but by no means least, the scien- tific study of the problems of teaching and learning is steadily progressing. Here, too, organization is much in evi- dence. With organization have come new technical journals, and these have surprised and gratified their promoters by the wide circulation that they have obtained among classroom _ teachers. The distrust of scientific research in edu- cation is passing with the clear demon- stration of its value in making the work of the teacher, not easier perhaps, but more effective, and consequently more satisfying. All in all it has been a year of real progress in our profession—not spectac- ular, but permanent and enduring prog- ress. Professional standards are taking form and substance. Professional or- ganization is insuring unity of effort. Individual enthusiasm is being sustained and nourished by a heightened profes- sional consciousness which gives rich promise of reaching a greatly increased number of teachers during 1922. Teachers may well enter upon the tasks of the year ahead with renewed assurance that one probiem after an- other will find solution. For the task that lies ahead we have, if not new vision, certainly new elements of strength. In consequence of organized professional THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 3 effort-—National, State, and local—uni- versal education will more and more be recognized as the major function of democratic government. ‘Taxation and Education JOHN A. H. KEITH President of the State Normal School, Indiana, Pennsylvania MERICAN EDUCATION WEEK has emphasized the im- portance of keeping facts about educa- tion clearly before the taxpayers of the country. “There are many persons who believe that taxes should and can be materially reduced, but there is no de- mand for reduced expenditure where such retrenchment would cripple the work of public education. In this con- nection it is interesting to consider the cost of education as it relates to taxes collected by the Federal Government from various sources. The Federal income and excess-profits tax for 1920 yielded $3,956,936,003.60. This sum would carry out in full all the provisions of the Towner-Sterling bill for a period of thirty-nine years. The transfer of estates of decedents (Federal inheritance taxes) yielded $103,635,563.24 in 1920. This is in excess of the upper limit of Federal aid provided in the Towner-Sterling bill. In 1921 the increase in this item alone was more than $50,000,000. The liquor business was dying in 1920, but the tax on distilled spirits and fermented liquors for that year amounted to $139,871,149.80. This is just the Federal tax on spirits and liquors—not the money spent for them. Then there is the little matter of tax on tobacco that yielded $295,809,355 .44 in 1920—a bagatelle that would support the National program in education for almost three years. The automobile business paid in Fed- eral taxes in 1920, the neat sum of $143,922,796.01, while transportation of freight, express, and persons (includ- ing sleeping and parlor-car charges) netted $153,244,610.48. . Candy con- tributed $23,142,033.53 to the Federal treasury; articles made of fur added $15,311,214.24; jewelry paid $25,863,- 607.00 in Federal taxes; beverages, in- cluding soft drinks, was a mere matter of $57,460,956.04; capital stock of corporations paid $93,020,420.50; the- atres, concerts, cabarets, and the like yielded $76,720,555.43. It is easy to make up a little list, ex- cluding all of the foregoing, that yielded, in 1920, in Federal taxes, a total in ex- cess of the $100,000,000 needed to finance a National program in educa- tion.’ Pianos, organs, and the like.. $13,624,121.46 SPSLGRE MOOG... 2. 0sccceece + 2,944,912.84 Chewing gum ......... pedieee 1,124,943 -34 PE Gavia ouinnae cocccse 4)644,793-45 WEE GOOD. 65.0000 :itnehees 1,919,398 .44 Motion-picture films .,....... 4,381,276.31 Perfumes, medicinal articles.. Theatres, museums, circuses. Bowling alleys, pool tables... Passenger automobiles....... 6,427,881 .08 2,048,806 .31 2,782,156.85 2,040,243 .61 Pleasure boats, power boats.. 862,236.56 eS re ree 5,198,001 . 31 CROMEATBATING ©... 0.0002 aace 3,728,276 .05 eT ree 18,421,754.01 Telegraph, telephone, and ra- ee eee ra 26,631,837.20 PRMUMINCRIOS 655-6500 sdb50cki 3,088,462 .02 Oil by pipe lines............ 8,426,405 .68 MSs hsayeaee ee awe $108,295,506. 52 The internal revenue taxes collected in each of the following twelve States, in 1920, exceeded the maximum amounts to be expended annually under the pro- visions of the Towner-Sterling bill :? CRONE ods.00 doa cdeends $179,267,565.78 COMI ois coves dancean 106,849,898 . 84 OS eran 443,728,892 .32 Daneeacnusetts .....ccceess 352,022,233 .29 PR re ee 283,296,068 . 66 IR oi 5.5 50:0 onde darn 149,492,682 .08 PE nksasaasecuwrn 155,176,800. 93 New York...... sob dabae we 1,418,336,728 .18 North Carolina............ | 162,665,947.23 MM ncosevdenaws $660600 ° 373,747,085 .08 Pennsylvania ...cseccseess 557)379,411.38 TEE ciswe 06565 500060084 105,097,962 .63 (0 Pe - $4,287,061,276.40 One half of the total amount col- lected by the Federal Government in internal revenue in 1920—$5,407,580,- 251.81—would endow the National 1These figures may be found on pages 95-96 of the Annual Report of the Commis- sioner of Internal Revenue, 1920. 2See Annual Report of Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 1920, page 99. ( + THE JOURN: AL OF THE NATIONAL Er DUCATION ASSOCIATION “Art gives scope alike to the skill of the hands, the genius of the mind and the dream of the heart.” 20 tee N aan - a2 é a and County Taxes ©) Oakland Schools use from program in education, if it were invested at four per cent annually. In a recent daily paper, there is the following statement from Washington: “Statisticians for the Government have labored hard to bring the relative figures as to military expenditures and the amounts spent by the people of the country for amusements and minor lux- uries out so sharply that their signif- icance would be seen at a glance. “One set of tables shows that against $418,000,000 spent for the army in 1921, the country spent $750,000,000 in candy and chewing gum, $834,000,000 in soda and confections, and $959,000,- 000 for perfumery, jewelry, silk stock- ings, and other articles for personal adornment. ‘The smokers poured out $1,151,000,000 for tobacco in all forms. Baseball fans, theatre-goers, cabaret fre- quenters, and those attending concerts paid $897,000,000.” The total of the above sums is $4,591,- 000,000, enough to finance the National program in education for forty-five years. These facts serve to show the enor- mous wealth of the United States. Cer- tainly a people which can spend such enormous amounts for luxuries can af- School’s Share in Nation’s ee OAKLAND SCHOOLS USE LESS THAN TWO-FIFTHS OF THE TAXES Ex at This nation spends annually on our Public Elementary School Education. i ASS Each year the nation spends on face \\ Lotions and “beautifying” Cosmetics. [a as tt, Normal Schools training teachers in the f] Se United States of America cost yearly. ae AL fee, The bill paid with jolly alacrity for Bs Mm te Chewing Gum in this broad land..... 50,000,000 —§ Higher Education totals yearly i in the ag ; Institutions of Learning in America. . 137,055,415 : Sundaes, sodas and Drinking Fountain ae et Delights cost annually and gleefully. . pak ~ All Departments of Education in the Whole Nation cost annually less than. A= Joy Rides and Pleasure Resorts present a We 4 Yearly Bill totaling the goodly sum of 3,000,000, 000 s fz In the year 1920 to 1921 in California ae a\¢ Crime cost this sunny, golden State. . - 1920 to 1921 School Education In California cost its citizens only.... Be EE PPUPOES, 2. oc cn cc ccccdcceveccccscon 5.12 City and County Taxes only............. ane Re $ 762,259,154 750,000,000 20,414,689 390,000,000 1,000,000,000 99,130,206 47,455,957 1.84 ford to maintain adequate public educa- tional facilities. “These are only a few of the facts which can be used to drive home the comparatively low cost of edu- January, 1922 and comparisons for their various localities. The comparison of the cost of education with the cost of any one of the numerous luxuries in a given State or community is a good problem for students in teacher- training institutions. well make similar investigations F ALL THE problems competing for the attention of college author- ities none transcends in importance that of teaching efficiency. Each college should organize a committee to study teaching personality and efficiency and give it power to study, analyze, and formulate recommendations for improve- ment. Such a committee could collect information about teaching personality, methods, and classroom procedure from all sources, could visit classes in its own institution or in others, observing, re- cording, and analyzing. ‘Then the avu- thorities and faculty, on the basis of the knowledge and recommendations, could formulate minimum standards of teach- ing personality and methods. The various departments of the faculty could also be engaged in studying their own pedagogical problems.—David E. Berg, in Personality Culture by College Facul- ties. Breathe hard, play hard, rest hard, work hard, up and at it, no matter what it is—Theodore Roosevelt. No man knows how much joy there is cation. Authorities in each of the va- in the world until he gets concerned in rious States, cities, and counties may the sorrows of others.—Selected. City or Town __ — — on — — , —— —_ —— Name of person making this report— - No. a Street, Post Otfice oa Mass. The Massachusetts Teachers Federation desires authentic information regarding teachers’ salaries, as per December 1, for publication in Common Ground. Will you be so kind as to answer this questionnaire, and return itt not later than DECEMBER TENTH ? As an acknowledgement of the favor, a copy of Common Ground, containing the complete statistics, will be mailed you as soon as published. Please make no changes in the form. one amount in each space. Give no supplimentary information. PP y Wute only maxima, and only MAXIMUM SALARIES (Give the amount paid per onvum) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Elementary Primary Grammar Teachers Principal Principal Principal Teachers JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHCOL Heads of Departments Women Men Women Men Principal What increase is contemplated or requested : fea Emst Makechnie, Secretary, 238 Elm Street, Somerville 44, Mass. NFORMATION about teachers salaries is being gathered in Massachusetts by the use of this form. Association will gather similar statistics. tion thus gathered at the earliest moment. Other associations affiliated with the National Education The Journal wishes to receive informa- c2 Vol. 11, No. 1 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 5 } nd ing the last 125 years. This chart is =, The School Plant and the School significant to the school architect. It on indicates at a glance that it is useless to US attempt the impossible with the school ty W. B. ITTNER plant of yesterday. -I- Architect and School Specialist, St. Louis, Missouri We must go even farther than this chart - HERE IS MUCH greater interest mow demanded by the enriched cur- and note that the curriculum since 1900 ng and far more, skill in schoolhouse — riculum. has not been static. The recent em- yr- planning today than formerly. In fact, In Dr. E. P. Cubberley’s Public Edu- phasis on physical education is demand- at there is more to it. Schoolhouse plan- cation in the United States there is an ing extensive and varied health facili- ch ning at the present time constitutes an to interesting problem in architecture. It rT cy also involves an interesting study in edu- 4 ad cational development. A _ school archi- 'e- tect who does not keep in constant touch ct with changes in educational objectives, y, with new types of organization and ad- “- ministration, and with the evolution and vn enrichment of the curriculum cannot -e- successfully plan schools. u- School Plants of Y esterday and To- he day—Fifty years ago schools were little ld less than an aggregation of classrooms, h- usually about eight- or ten-room build- he ings. ‘They were more or less standard- ld ized structures—that is, a building in n one community would readily fit an- g, other community. But today every i]- school is an individual problem and must fit ‘specific educational programs. Fur- thermore, no progressive school today d, can afford to be merely a group of class- = rooms because no Peery eee HE ENRICHED curriculum calls for auditoriums in all schools. would adhere to the 1775 curriculum. Modern school plants will include class- ~ pel na = ee is rooms, to be sure, but these will consti- interesting chart showing the expansion Expansion of Elementary Schoo! Curriculum From 1775 to 1900 in tute only a part of the varied facilities of the curriculum at periodic times dur- In 8S. mene e — - om 9 [oupeas emasazn | i+ NOTE—Adapted from ‘Dr. E. P. Cubberiey’s Public Education tn the United States ” ties in all schools. The increased num- ty ber of manual occupations and the insistence on citizenship training have also necessitated quarters that were not demanded by the 1900 curriculum. So the educational program is ever chang- ing and growing, and in like measure must the school plant change and grow. Some Causes Back of School Prog- ress—It may be appropriate here to reconsider several of the causes of the expansion of the curriculum and the school plant. (1) Social and industrial changes have forced changes in educa- " jy TH THE present-day emphasis on physical education, gymnasiums and tional thought and to a limited degree play quarters are as essential as classrooms. in practice. ‘The centralization of_ in- 6 | THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION January, 1922 LEMENTARY SCHOOLS of the past did not approach the architectural all individuality evidenced by this school. dustry caused fundamental changes in the living and working conditions of our great commonwealth. It changed the home and created new community demands. Some constructive issues have developed from this pressure outside the school. (2) Scientific experiments, educa- tional surveys, and research have been operating for several years in a number of private and progressive public schools, and in departments of education and laboratories of our universities. All of this work and study has had a tendency to develop a scientific attitude of mind toward educational procedure. Our progressive school literature abounds in accounts and records of educational ex- periments, surveys, and research, and all of it emphasizes the inability of the schools of yesterday to meet the changed needs of today. (3) Practical demonstrations in a number of progressive school communi- ties in the country have been potent factors in determining the limitations of the school of yesterday. Schools in such communities have towered aloft like shining lights in a world of semi- darkness. ‘Their originators have blazed the way, have coped with the problems of fundamental changes, and have with- stood the assaults of the ultra-conserva- tives. (4) By far the most pronounced cause in the educational awakening has been the revelations of the world war. While scientific research, progressive literature, and practical demonstrations were more or less effective in stimu- lating attention to present-day educa- tional needs, it required the use of cold- blooded statistics to force the attention of all concerned to the seriousness of the neglect of certain fundamentals in edu- cation. Hence the recent marked at- tention upon health, recreation, manual occupations, and citizenship. And these later changes in fundamentals are de- manding richer facilities in the school plant. The Modern School Plant—Un- fortunately, only a few elementary school plants include the facilities de- manded by the present-day enriched curriculum. However, all progressive school authorities and architects are working for adequate sites, playgrounds, work shops, auditoriums, and_labora- tories in schools. The school people at Gary, Indiana, were probably the pio- neers in developing enriched educational! environments for children of all ages. I remember while planning the Emerson and Froebel schools of that city several years ago, that the five- and twelve- acre sites of these schools were some- what startling; now large sites are com- monplace. ‘Then, the extensive physi- cal-education quarters at these schools were considered extravagant; now prac- tically all schools are clamoring for more room for physical training. Fur- thermore, the continuous use of the auditorium was attacked. Now school superintendents recognize the unlimited possibilities of auditorium activities in schools. The extensive shop facilities have also been targets for criticism. One of the most interesting schools I have planned for an unusually rich cur- riculum was the Franklin School at Port Arthur, Texas. The school authorities at this city had called Miss Marie An- derson, of Gary, Indiana, to institute a reorganization of their elementary- school system, which consisted as usual of a number of small units. The net re- sult of this reorganization was a cen- dustry, and good citizenship. I dees SCHOOLS of today are offering opportunities for practice in thrift, in- “age ee Y ct a Vol. 11, No. 1 THE JOURNAL OF THE tralized school plant equivalent in hous- ing to seven small schools. A ten-acre site provided adequate space for playgrounds, gardens, and lawns. Standard-sized gymnasiums, pools, clinics, showers, dressing-rooms, and roof gymnasiums were included in the physical-education quarters. Four stand- ard laboratories and two classroom-sized greenhouses opening to handwork rooms and gardens served the science groups. Although the full capacity of this school was 2,600, the auditorium seated only 800, for the type of organization at this school - (work, study, play) required seatings for only ten classes at a time. A group of seven shops for boys and six home economics rooms for girls provided rich opportunities for the prevocational activities, and these as well as a school library and music and drawing studios supplemented the _ physical-education quarters in recreational activities. The Old and New Way of Planning School-Building schools, like ‘Topsy, just grew up. Some- times they were needed, but oftentimes they grew up from ulterior motives. The modern method of determining school-building needs is quite different. Recently I had the opportunity, while in Detroit, to discuss the matter of school planning with the men in the architectural research department of the Board of Education. It was truly in- spiring to listen to these men explain their survey of present conditions in their city relative to industrial, com- Programs—Formerly, NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 7 SCHoeL BUILDINGS can and should be beautiful as well as useful. mercial, and transportation conditions and to note how carefully these studies had been projected into the future. The most interesting of all was their plan to absorb the small worn-out school plants into fewer and larger units, in order to insure the economic possibility of ade- quate sites and enriched facilities. While planning for the enriched fa- cilities necessary for their enriched cur- riculum, they were also solving their housing problems, by means of their particular type of organization, which OLOR HARMONY, sunshine, and free space make this kindergarten a para- dise for little children. they designate as the “platoon” plan. This organizing device hovers constantly over their building plan, checking waste space, adjusting proportions, and in- creasing multiple uses. Detroit is most assuredly solving her problem of an en- riched curriculum for all children (1) by a reconstruction of educational ob- jectives; (2) by an expanded curriculum and enriched school plant, and (3) by a new type of organization. Certainly, this kind of school procedure means economy and progress. I have been much interested in the surveys by the Federal Bureau of Edu- cation. The economy of centralization and the necessity for a new type of or- ganization if full educational advantages are to be enjoyed by all children are emphasized in the reports of these sur- veys. The convincing element is the comparison in housing, in costs, and in educational advantages between the small traditional classroom school and the centralized unit. Administration a Factor in Building Economy—The real meaning of eff- ciency and economy in school buildings The school archi- tect is not alone responsible for such service. School plants may be planned efficiently and economically for their educational programs, but unless their operating programs call for the fullest use of facilities, economy becomes a mis- School administrators must as- is Maximum service. nomer. sume responsibility for a large amount of waste in buildings. Maximum and a ae 8 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION multiple use of facilities can be realized only through skilful methods of organi- zation and administration. If proper recognition in the building plan is de- sired for physical education, manual skill, citizenship, recreation, and the like, then due recognition should be given these activities in the operating plan. It is an undeniable truth that the ex- panded curriculum and the modern school plant demand a new type of or- ganization. The traditional plan of or- ganization makes the new school a finan- cial impossibility.. It is only when all parts of the enriched school plant serve as definite a place in housing as class- rooms do, that the new school will be eco- nomically possible for all communities. Other Factors in Economy—Although adjusting a school plant to its educa- tional program is by far the most im- portant factor in school-building service, there are certain mechanical matters in planning and constructing that effect economies and aid administration and instruction. For instance, width of cor- ridors, size, number, and location of stairways, lockers or cloakrooms, show- ers, and dressing rooms may be success- fully standardized under certain condi- tions. Also certain matters concerning safety, lighting, ventilation, and heating may be reduced to standards—for ex- ample, height of building, number of exits, and amount of window surface. Comparison of One and Two-Story Schools—Height of buildings has been a mooted point in school-house planning. ‘The one-story elementary school has been recommended rather indiscriminately on the grounds of safety and economy. That the two-story building, if planned efficiently, is as safe as the one-story has been demonstrated. The following study of comparisons of the two types of schools, made for the Dallas Board of Education, has convinced the writer that all other things being equal, the two- story structure is the more economical. (1) Site comparisons revealed the fact that the one-story building would need a fifteen and one-half per cent larger site if the amount of play area per pupil was to equal that of the two- story plan. (2) There were 570 square feet more corridor space in the one-story building. (3) In cubical content the one-story plan exceeded the two-story by 54,336 cubic feet. (4) The cost of the one-story school was $20,648 in excess of the two-story building. Altogether, the above comparisons re- vealed that the one-story school had no educational advantages, no lighting or safety advantages over the two-story plan although its cost was more than eight per cent greater. The Mt. Auburn and E HAVE seen many pe- riods which tried the soul of our Republic. We shall see many more. There will be times when efforts will be great and profits will vanish. There have been and will be times when the people will be called upon to make great sacrifices for their country. Unless Americans shall continue to live in something more than the present, to be moved by something more than material gains, they will not be able to respond to these requirements and they will go down as other peoples have gone down before some nation possessed of a greater moral force. The will to endure is not the creation of a moment; it is the result of long training. That will has been our possession up to the present hour. By its exercise we have prospered and brought forth many wonderful works. The object of our education is to continue us in this great power. That power depends on our ideals. The great and unfailing source of that power and these ideals has been the influence of the classics of Greece and Rome. Those who believe in America, in her lan- guage, her arts, her literature, and in her science will seek to perpetuate them by perpetu- ating the education which has produced them.—From an ad- dress delivered by Vice-Presi- dent Calvin Coolidge before the American Classical League, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 7, 1921. the Austin elementary schools at Dallas were planned as two-story structures after this comparison had been submit- ted to the Board of Education. Further- more, the report detesmined the future policy of the Board relative to one- and two-story buildings for Dallas. January, 1922 What is known as the “open plan’”’ is a factor that affects the efficiency of school buildings. This arrangement permits classrooms along but one side of the corridor. Its first cost is greater than by the closed plan where the cor- ridor has classrooms on both sides. The facts that corridors have maximum light and that the natural ventilation of the whole school is affected favorably by the “open plan” make it ultimately stand out as a “high light” when building service is considered. Therefore it should be considered a factor in economy. The elimination of basements is a for- ward step in school planning, both as re- gards safety and economy. Basements were fire-breeders in schools. The isola- tion of the heating plant and fuel rooms in the rear in quarters similar to shop additions, is the safe and wise plan. Elasticity of the building plan is im- portant economically, as well as educa- tionally. Recently I noted in a pam- phlet describing the primary work of the Highland Park, Michigan, school that, for purposes of improving instruction, the partition between two of the primary rooms had been removed and three rooms of unequal size constructed. To the experienced architect this kind of read- justment from time to time is antici- pated, and he so plans that changes, by a re-arrangement of partitions, can read- ily be made. In fact, in a number of recent buildings large undivided spaces are planned for shop quarters and the partitions installed as required. School Architecture—The architec- tural expression of schools is receiving far more attention than formerly. The school building of today is becoming an architectural asset to the community. Plans have recently been made for the Central Technical High School of Co- lumbus, Ohio. This building is the first of a civic group. It will therefore in- corporate the key design for the build- ings to follow. To the experienced school architect, the exterior development is but an evo- lution of the interior. As the interior plans will vary in different communit:es, so will the exterior. This should iead to architectural individuality. School plants can and should be beautiful as well as useful, and all educationists can assist in bringing this result about by insisting that the buildings stand out preéminently as the most thoroughly planned and best-designed and executed structures in the community. Ce rere eo Historic Boston O THE AVERAGE American coming nor the increasing numbers of The Town began around the Market who has not yet visited Boston, the Scotch and Irish, naturally attracted to Place, at the head of the present State word ‘Boston’ is sufficient to recall those the largest port in the colonies, impair Street, where the Old State House now spectacular scenes in Colonial history so vividly impressed on his schoolboy’s memory—the Bos- ton tea party, Paul Revere’s ride, the battle of Bunker Hill. Strive as he will to visualize modern Boston— as he knows it must now ap- pear—he utterly tails for habit and imagination are stronger than knowledge. And to some extent his dream of Old Bos- ton would find it- self come true were he to wander to- day down some of the crooked little streets which bear such strong re- semblance to Lon- don courts and alleys, along nar- row foot passages cutting between thoroughfares and under sheltering arcades. The founders of Boston, though naming the town after Boston in Lincolnshire, Eng- land, endeavored to make another London, and in truth it was the center of English interests in the New World. Not stands. Here the first homes were built along those legendary “cow paths.” State and Washington Streets were the first high- ways; Merchants Row, Newbury, Hanover, and Ann Streets followed. Milk Street was once known as Fort Lane, High Street as Cow Lane, and Boylston as Frog Lane. The Town’s west boundary, till into the nineteenth cen- tury, was the edge of the Common on the margin of Back Bay; the southern limit was Essex and Boylston Streets. Its whole territory comprised less than eight hun- dred acres. Now the city is nearly forty times as large with a_ population of more than 750,- 000 people. Thanks to the Massachusetts His- torical Society and a small number of preservers of our Nation’s historic landmarks, the old State House, built in 1749 on the site of the former ROM THE BELFRY of Old North Church Paul Revere’s signal warned Town Hall and the minute-men of the march of the British on the eve of the battle of Lexing- inside its outer until the coming jon. Jts communion service was presented by George II in 1733; the chimes date Walls, has been of the French _ from 1744. Thousands of teachers will visit this center of Revolutionary activity preserved for pos- Huguenots toward ext July. the end of the seventeenth century did any foreign ele- ment change the atmosphere of English austerity. However, neither did their terity after years the English influence, and even up to 1820 the city preserved its English char- acter and appearance. ‘[9] of struggle with business interests. With the exception of the street floor and the basement— now used for a tunnel railway station by id THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION AssOcIATION aoe HE ABOVE PICTURE shows Faneuil Hall, the scene of all the areat gatherings of the people previous to and during the Revolution. Here Lee, Otis, Quincy, Adams, Hancock, and other patriots exerted their talents of vigilance against foreign encroachments. Not far from Faneuil Hall stands the birthplace to impress the _ necessity of Paul Revere, well-known in song and story. The building, which 1is shown here, is a veritable mecca for tourists. the local transit ecompany—the building is protected by further en- Its upper floors are oc- law from croachment. cupied by the Bostonian Society, whose collection of old Boston traits, prints, and manuscripts is so rich rareties, por- and varied that every teacher will wish to examine it. Fanueil Hall, “the Cradle of Ameri- can Liberty,” built in 1763 within the original structure of 1742, Fanueil Hall Square. Its name recalls James Otis, who dedicated the Hall to the “cause of liberty,” the re- péal of the Stamp Act, and the siege of Boston. During the Revolution, the Committee of and “The Little met here, and since that time hosts of National leaders have spoken from its rostrum. stands in very Boston Correspondence Senate” Here Webster delivered his eulogy on \dams and Jefferson and Wendell Phil- and Charles delivered speeches famous in history. lips Sumner The massive stone walls of King’s Chapel surmounted by its heavy square pes « ree Te ee I aN tower and wooden Ionic columns pre- sent an appearance little changed from January, 1922 Province days when it was the official Its in- The high pulpit and reading desk recall a Lon- don church. church of the royal governors. terior is no less interesting. The old communion table the mural tablets are of interest. The church registers, the plate, a royal and gift, and the vestments—all removed during the Revolution, have been re- stored. In the heart of the Italian colony on North Street is the low wooden house Paul Revere lived during the Revolution, and near it on Salem Street stands the oldest church in Boston, Christ Church, erected in 1723. a o-s si = @%8 o§ ° z § ne F: . Saies|48iesel ao] 3 | Se gis gol gm] & 3 - 5-4 3 3 o5 ° n 662 = $5 1b. | ww a i 32 Ht c eg ae 3 ec | ¢ | Se|ee| 28/822] 3 | ee|d8 | 23] 2) 61st] asl 281 3) 2 | ee a a fo 39] Go| 0 | wet = $5 | $s Bo io za | 23 “ 8 : $3 S 7} Aw | Ar os 2° = S es % oF de ete OE |] ae 3 “s = ~ 2 6 =< |S] se] 9° |S83| < $81 os | *s “Se a Be . ke o 2 Sg | og | SE | OSB 03 | 26 ¢* 5 = Ha] 2 : 3 ‘S e 5 a a9] SS | +8 | ots } @9 | se 1c aa “ ye a a t a © — I ae > @ 6a = ad | Ss 2 ve ep) n a 4 & G = of = a » = —_ SF | | =o se bo e ~ & » 2 | _ 5 wis |? alas | § . a) a | * poe 7 3 2 er Pen : beast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 | 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ee oS ing y = = _ i > | " 5 | — ? F = ir. Sy wins og Alabama Apr...| No Y es | No | Yes | No 1.00 | Yes! No 3 $1500] No | Yes | Yes | Yes {10,008} 7,000) 70 Arizona. Nov..}| No | Yes| No | Yes} Yes 1.00 | No | No 1 abe: ee No No | Yes | No | 2,000) 1,500} 75 Arkansas. . Nov. .|. Yes Yeart.....1. 4.0014 No |: Ne 3 . No | Yes] Yes | Yes | 9,000} 8,500) 95 California Apr...}| No | Yes | No | Yes | No 2.00 | Yes} Yes} 1 S00G, No] Yes | Yes | ¥esi......1...5.4 oo Colorado.. . Nov..| No | Yes Yes | Yes 2.00 | Yes} No 3 750} No | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7,000) 6,140) 87.7 Connecticut . Feb.. No | Yes | No | Yes} No 1.50} No | No} 1 No | No | No | No | 7,850} 7,040; 90 Delaware. . Nov..| No | Yes| No | Yes} No 1.50 | Yes} No 1 | No | No No |. 1,047 842) 80.4 Florida*..... Dec...| Yes | No | No | No | No 1.00 | No | No 1 No | No lt ¥Yes | No t.;.. <4... .cue ae Georgia. . | Yes| No | Yes| Yes] 2.00] No} No 3 No | No | No 16,000} 1,200) 7.5 Idaho’... | Nov..| Yes| No | No | No | No 1.00 | No | No ...-| No | No | Yes | Yes 100 Illinois* Dec...}| Yes | No | No | No | No 1.00 | Yes | Yes 1 4000} Yes | No | Yes] Yes]..... 70 Indiana* Oct...| No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes 1 OO t:.. No JG. B. 600} No | No | No] No|l..... | 63 Iowa . Nov..| No | Yes | No | Yes] Yes 1.50 | Yes | Yes 4 3500) Yes | Yes*} Yes | Yes |26,000 16, 876| 65 Kansas.... Nov...| No | Yes | Yes | Yes]}..... 2.00 | No | Yes 4 4200} No | Yes | Yes | Yes 13,265) 75 Kentucky... Apr...| No | No } No | Yes} No 1.00 | No | No 3 1000} No | No | Yes] Yes |14,000] 5,000} 36 Louisiana. . Apr...| No | Ya; No | Yes j.....- 1.00 | No} No 3 150} No | No | Yes| No | 7,300] 2,600] 36 Maine... | Oct...| No | Yes | No.] Yes | Yes 4 No | No |..... No | No | No mE) Maryland. Nov...| No | Yes| No | Yes} No | .50]| No | No 1 No | No | Yes | Yes | 50 Massachusetts Oct No No | No | No No | 40 | Yes| No 1 1200} No | No | Yes} No 75 Michigan. Oct No | Yes} No | Yes | Yes 1.00 | Yes| No ]..... 600} No | Yes | Yes} Yes |24,302)14,000) 58 Minnesota. Nov..| No | Yes| No | Yes | Yes 2.00 | Yes | Yes 2 4200} No | No | Yes | Yes |20,000)10, 500) 52.5 Mississippi* May..| No | Yes| Yes}.....}. 2.00 | Yes} Yes; 1 3600} No | Yes | Yes | Yes e.-) OS Missouri*. . Nov..| No | Yes} No | Yes| Yes| 2.00] Yes} Yes 3 3000] Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes 75 Montana’. . Nov..| No | Yes} No | Yes | No 1.50 | No | No No | No } Yes | Yes 50 Nebraska. | Nov...| No | Yes} No | Yes} Yes| 1.00] Yes| No 1 Noii Not: No | Necd:....<....% 45 Nevada* Nov..| No | Yes| Yes| Yes| No | 1.00} Yes} No i Sere No | No | No | No ee New Hampshire’. Oct...| No | Yes| No | No} No| 1.00] Yes| No | +1 were, sw sats 3 eee eee 16 New Jersey. Dec...| Yes | No | No | No | No .50 | No | No 3 400} No | No | Yes| No 89 New Mexico*. Nov..| No | Yes | Yes | Yes 2.00 | Yes | Yes |G. B No | No | No | No 75 = ; ; /1.00\] y 2 ae nig boo 2 , New York*. Bowe Ss eee ere ere | 3 50} Yes | Yes |G. B 350} No | Yes | Yes| Yes 50 North Carolina* Now. Yebst2 ox; No | No} No .50} No | No 1 650} Yes} No | No |] No 75 North Dakota* Nov..}| No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes 1.50} Yes| Yes| % 3000} No | No | No | No 40 Ohio*..... Dec...| Yes | No | No | No | No 1.00 | Yes| No 1 |......| No | No} No} No 70 Oklahoma* | Feb...| No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes 2.00 | Yes | Yes 1 3600} No | No | Yes| Yes 95 Oregon...... Dec Yes | No | No] Nol..... 00 | Yes | No 1 600] Yes | No | Yes} Yes] 6,250} 5,528] 88.4 Pennsylvania. Dec Yes | No} No | No | No .00 | Yes} Yes} 6 7500} Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |45,000/35 000} 78 Rhode Island* Oct No | Yes | Yes | Yes} No 78 i. .| No 1 ...0f Seen Mo do | No f..-..- sda. ess 95 South Carolina. Mar..| No | Yes| No | Yes] No |50¢&1.00] No | No 3 100i No | No | Yes} No | 5,000} 1,200} 24 South Dakota*. | Nov..| No | Yes} No | Yes] Yes .50| No | No] 3 350} No | No | Yes} Yes 45 Tennessee* Apr...| No | Yes} No | Yes SD Re Pet Sere Noti Mo | Youd Veet...264 wal oe ee Nov. .| Yes} Yes | No | Yes| No 50 | No | Yes + 3000| No | Yes | Yes | Yes }27,000)14,000} 52 al Ee Oct...]| No | Yes} No 25 | Yes | No 1 500} No | No | Yes] Yes 90 Vermont...........| Oct...]| No | Yes | No |} Yes 4 No | No Pain Yess) Me |. Me I -SNOo t...... 2 xs 70 Virginia... Nov..| No | Yes| No | Yes | No 50 | Yes | Yes |PofB) 3750} No | Yes }. Yes | No /11,500/10,000} 87 Washington Sept..| No | No | No} No | No| 2.00] Yes| Yesj| 1 3600} Yes | Yes | Yes| No |10,000} 4,886) 49 West Virginia .| Nov..| No | Yes} No | Yes | Yes : a Yes | No | 1-3 450} No | No | Yes | Yes 5,000} 40 Wisconsin* | Nov..| No | Yes| No ].....].....| 1.00] Yes} No 3 650} Yes | Yes ? 45 Wyoming. . Oct...| No | Yes} No.| Yes} No 1.00 | No | No 1 Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 2,500) 2,500/100 Troe end gee * / Sefuloseen ballinatieCxiceaieteteen * a x % 5 lo | bo THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 5 The Journal of the National Education Association Published monthly except July and August by the National Education Association of the United States. President, Charl Ormond Williams Secretary, J. W. Crabtree The payment of $2.00 active membership dues entitles a member to attend all meetings of the Association and its de- partments, to vote for delegates to the Representative Assem- bly, to hold office, and to receive the Journal monthly. The payment of $5.00 instead of $2.00 entitles an active member, in addition to the privileges of the $2.00 member- snip, to receive the complete bound volume of Proceedings, ail committee reports, and other regular publications of the Association. One dollar of each membership fee is for a year’s subscrip- tion to the Journal. Subseription to non-members is $2.00 per year; single copies, 25 cents. Advertising rates on application. Members are kindly requested to report at once any change of address, giving old as well as new address. Entered as second-class matter October 28, 1920, at the post- office at Washington, D. C., under the act of August 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage pro- vided for in section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 26, 1921. Editor-in-Chief, William C. Bagley Pablication Staff R. S. Erlandson Business Manager Joy Elmer Morgan Managing Edivr EXECUTIVE AND EDITORIAL OFFICES: 1201 Sixteenth Street N. W., Washington, D. C, Protesstonal Organization in 192] DUCATIONAL PROGRESS fol- lows surely in the wake of im- proved professional organization, whether in locality, State, or Nation. The year 1921 has seen remarkable advancement in this field of educational activity. The keynote of this advancement is the ideal of professional organizations which shall be genuinely representative and_ thor- oughly inclusive. The delegate form of organization has met with increasing favor not only in the National Associa- tion but also in State associations. The increase in membership has been large. In January, 1921, the member- ship in the National Education Associa- tion was 52,850. There is reason to be- lieve that by the end of the present school year there will be more than 100,000 members and that that ratio of growth will continue. Reports re- ceived from several States indicate that growth in State associations and among the local associations has been no less marked than in the National Associa- tion. A complete enrolment in the local as- sociation is mow expected in a large number of communities, while the teach- ers of several States are getting within striking distance of complete enrolment in the State association. Particularly fortunate among the State associations is the growing prac- tice of employing full-time paid secre- taries. This office is one of such un- usual opportunity as to attract men of great promise. ‘lhe secretary of a State association comes into his work as the friend and leader of all the educational forces in his State. He has no special interest to promote and is in a position to view comprehensively every phase of education and to encourage that unity of effort among all types of educational activity which too frequently has been lacking in the development of education in America. During 1921, -five States which have not hitherto had full-time secretaries have created that office. The new secretaries are: Minnesota, C. G. Schulz; New York, Richard A. Sear- ing; Pennsylvania, James Herbert Kel- ley; Washington, Arthur L. Marsh; Virginia, William T. Sanger. Associa- tions in several other States will employ full-time secretaries during 1922. Another feature of professional or- ganization which merits special mention is the use of the budget system for col- lecting dues. The ideal in professional organization as in government is to ob- tain the maximum results with the lowest cost to the individual. The amount of money spent by local, State, and Na- tional associations on the mere mechanics of getting new members and collecting dues from old members is necessarily large. The ideal is for the local associa- tion to collect dues for State and Na- tional associations along with its own, thus dividing the overhead cost by three and releasing money for direct service, which comes back to the local association. This plan is already in use in many localities and is certain to grow in favor. Just as during the war, leaders in the “Seven Sisters” organizations found that they could make a stronger appeal when com- bined than when working singly, so lead- ers in professional organization are fast learning that it is easier and better to present the advantages of unified pro- fessional organization—local, State, and National—than it is to present the cause of only one of these interests. considerable sums of The Classroom Teacher in 192] HE CLASSROOM teacher, whose hands touch daily the child life of the Nation, is the bulwark of education. January, 1922 HARLES EVANS HUGHES, Chairman of the Conference on the Limitation of Armaments, whose definite and sweeping program for the reduction of naval armament has been the basis of the negotiations at the Conference. If she does her task well, the future of the Nation is assured. If the teacher in the classroom fails, all is lost—no amount of effort elsewhere can redeem the situa- tion. Hers is the ultimate, intimate, con- stant contact that gives direction, in- spiration, and character to childhood. This truth has had clearer recognition during 1921 than ever before. ‘Wise ad- ministrators throughout-the country have seen the wisdom and the necessity of conserving the enormous initiative and originality that is to be found in every teaching staff. The problem is not an easy one—especially in a large teaching organization—but justice, democracy, and sound educational practice join in demanding that a wise solution be found. That such a solution will be found is evidenced by the great influence which during 1921 teachers have been called upon to exert on the formation of courses of study, school building, methods of supervision and—most important of all—upon professional organization. The great demonstration at Des Moines of the success of representative govern- ment in teacher organization marks an epoch in the history of education. It means that every teacher in the land, whether in remote rural district, in city, in college, in high school, or in elemen- tary school, may be represented in the comprehensive organization which more a Ee: a ————————————————— TN a ee Vol. 11, No. 1 and more will be looked to tor leadership in matters educational. ‘The classroom teacher at Des Moines was a decided success in every relationship and oppor- tunity of that significant meeting. Educational Journalism in 1921 HE YEAR 1921 has seen highly commendable improvement both in the educational press and in the treat- ment which the general press has given education. The educational press has improved both in the form and the qual- ity of its content. Editors who have continued their work of previous years have outdone their former records and editors who have taken up anew the task education have settled quickly into their responsibilities and of promoting have set new standards for educational journalism. ‘The improvement in State educational marked. The Sierra Educational News, representing the California State association, has kept journals is especially pace with the striking educational prog- ress of that State. School Journal, under the editorship of the new executive secretary of the State association, has assumed a form worthy of its rich content and is bringing new life into the association. The North- west Journal of Education has been taken over by the State association and becomes The Washington Educational Journal. It also is under the guiding hand of one of the new full-time State secretaries who knows how most effect- The Pennsylvania ively to promote educational progress. The Virginia Journal records the strong influence of another full-time These examples taken along with others that might be mentioned are ample evidence of a new interest in education on the part of the teachers themselves. The increased interest of the general public in education is reflected in news- The practice of having a school editor with a daily or weekly department has spread among newspapers. of Education secretary. papers and magazines. The editorial columns ot such magazines as the Saturday Evening Post have given frequent attention to matters educational while in the ‘quality group” of magazines, the Atlantic Monthly has led off with a series of articles of the highest importance. The best teachers read two or more educational journals and pay some at- ANFORD MacNIDER, of Ma- son City, Iowa, recently elected National Commander of the American Legion, who has been appointed by the National Education member of the Joint Advisory Committee on American Educational Week. Association as a tention to articles in newspapers and magazines, but there are still too many teachers who do not appreciate the im- portance of sharpening their minds by frequent contact with the minds of their fellows through the great world of print. The practice of asking candidates for positions about the educational journals they regularly read is growing among superintendents and teachers’ agencies. Teacher-training schools are placing more and more emphasis on this im- portant phase of preliminary training. On the whole, the prospects have never been brighter for a well-read teaching profession. The State Superintendency in 192] HE STATE SUPERINTEND- ENCY or commissionership of edu- cation at its best is one of the outstand- ing opportunities in public education. In 1850 there were State school officers in only sixteen of the then thirty-one States. Of this number nine were ex officio while seven were regular officers whose primary work had to do with the THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 23 schools. Frequently when the office was being established in the various States there was insistent opposition—some- times sufficiently strong to obtain the re- This opposition combined with a popular con- peal of the law creating the office. ception of the office as clerical or politi- cal was a serious handicap. However, in spite of these circumstances the State school officers were able to do invaluable work. The quality of State school leadership has steadily improved and the office has been correspondingly elevated until no State is without its school officer in the State government, while in an increasing number of States there are officers of the highest professional rank. The Representative Assembly of the National Education Association at its meeting last summer adopted a resolu- tion in favor of putting the professional administration of the schools in the hands of administrative officers selected by lay boards of education elected by the people. The clear intent of that resolution was to combine democratic control of education with the advantages of expert administration by officers chosen without regard to geography or politics. There are evidences that the prevailing tendency is in that direction. There been eleven changes among the forty-eight chief State school officers during 1921. In Arizona, Miss Elsie Toles was elected to succeed Mr. C. O. Case. In Colorado, Mrs. Kathe- rine Craig took office, having been elected to succeed Mrs. Mary C. C. Bradford. In Delaware, Mr. H. V. Holloway suc- ceeded Mr. A. R. Spaid. In Indiana, Mr. Benjamin J. Burris was appointed to fill the unexpired term of Mr. L. N. Hines, who resigned to become president of the Indiana State Normal School at Terre Haute. In New Jersey, Mr. John Enright was appointed to succeed the late Calvin H. Kendall. In New Mexico, on January 1, Mr. John V. Conway, who had been assistant super- intendent, succeeded Mr. Jonathan H. Wagner. In New York, Dr. Frank Pierrepont Graves succeeded Dr. John H. Finley, who resigned to become a member of the editorial staff of the New York Times. In Utah, Mr. C. N. Jen- sen is the new superintendent. In West Mr. George M. Ford was elected for a four-year term and took office on July 1. In Wisconsin, Mr. Tohn C. Callahan, who was elected for a four-year term to succeed Mr. C. P. Cary, took office on July 1. In Wyo- ming, which has two State school officers, have Virginia, PN ADS UNG inate 6 at te iV Te Hopes Mr. Lewis C. Tidball, Jr., is the new commissioner of education. This list is a rather long one. The turnover seems heavy. However, there 24 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION is much strong leadership among the new officers and the outlook for 1922 is promising. Education in Michigan During 1921 JOHN P. EVERETT Secretary of the Michigan State Teachers’ Association, Kalamazoo, Michigan HE YEAR 1921 has been one of genuine progress in Michigan. The legislative program enacted resulted in placing upon the statute books the fol- lowing laws: A nine months’ school law which is obligatory in all except eighteen of the smallest districts in the State; A tuition law which provides for the payment of tuition to some neighbor- ing high school by all non-high school districts, the amount of tuition to be the actual cost up to $60; A teacher-training law which pro- vides for a year of professional training beyond a four-year high school course by 1925 for all persons entering the service. For some years the minimum professional training required by the best city and village schools of the State has amounted to two years beyond the high school, but rural teachers have quite generally had no professional prepara- tion for their work. There was written into the laws what some have declared to be the best con- solidated school law in the United States, and another new law provides for an excellent township unit organization. A law was also passed providing for the supervision of private and parochial schools by the Department of Public In- struction. A year ago a constitutional amendment was proposed which would have eliminated private and _ parochial schools altogether. The amendment failed of adoption by a large majority, but as a result of the agitation the pri- vate and parochial school people them- selves came before the legislature this year and urged the passage of the law placing their schools under the super- vision of the State Department. By a new law district boards are per- mitted to devote necessary funds to place their buildings in safe and sanitary condition. Besides these acts a large number of lesser importance were passed. The success and scope of educational legis- lation enacted is largely due to the work of our State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Mr. Thomas E. Johnson, but the program is significant in that it had the support of all the educational institutions of the State. This is also significant as indicating the harmonious spirit of codperation to be found among all of the school interests of Michigan. Neither in school politics nor as between the various types of educational insti- tutions—university, normal school, agri- cultural, and college, are there to be found any cliques or factions. At the 1922 election an amendment will be voted upon which increases the membership of the State Board of Edu- cation from four elected members to six and which places in their hands the ap- pointment of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction and the control of normal-school funds of the State. At the University of Michigan the hopes and plans inspired by the appoint- ment of Dr. Marion L. Burton as presi- dent have been abundantly realized dur- ing the past year. The enrolment has increased to 10,623, the largest in the history of the University. The teach- ing staff has increased from 445 to 521. With this unwonted number of stu- dents the inadequacy of the present build- ing equipment made itself apparent, and it is therefore exceedingly fortunate that the University can look forward to im- mediate relief in the way of increased facilities made possible by the action of the Legislature of 1921, which appropri- ated for building purposes alone, to be available during the biennium 1921-23, the sum of $5,100,000. Nothing that has“*been done durjng the past year is probably of more sig- nificance than the establishment of the January, 1922 new School of Education at the Uni- versity. The first university in America to establish a chair devoting full time to the science and art of teaching was the University of Michigan. The latest of the great universities to elevate the work of this kind to the independent status of a profession is likewise the University of Michigan. The first steps looking in this direction were taken in 1879 under the wise direction of the then President James B. Angell, but it has taken more than forty years to bring about the con- summation of the plans then initiated. However, now through the appropriation of $650,000 for a new building and a sum sufficient to provide for the main- tenance of an adequate corps of profes- sors and instructors, it will be equipped to care fully for immediate. demands. The University has long had a Depart- ment of Education which has been able to attract to its faculty several of the more eminent authorities on education, so that the new school is well fitted to assume its role of a separate college co- ordinate with the other professional schools—law, medical, dental, engineer- ing—and having its own organization, faculty, budget, degrees, and powers. Shortly it will also have its own separate buildings, laboratories, libraries, and practice and experimental schools. The acting dean of the new School of Education is Professor A. S$. Whit- ney, under whose able direction the De- partment of Education has grown dur- ing the past twenty years from one man to include the full-time services of four- teen professors and instructors, together with several part-time lecturers. The Michigan State Teachers’ Asso- ciation has grown to 14,000 members. Owing to the peculiar geographic struc- ture of the State, the Michigan State Teachers’ Association has always been the organization of the lower peninsula, while the upper peninsula has its own association under the name of the Upper Peninsula Education Association, with a membership of 1650. The two associ- ations include almost exactly two thirds of the teachers of the State. The vil- lage and city schools of Michigan have a membership of practically one hundred per cent. The rural schools have not been so directly influenced. The M. S. T. A. has just been re- organized so as to provide for the dele- gate system of representation in its busi- ness meetings, and the holding of six district meetings in various sections of the State. There will probably be ap- a RE SE a a AR Nate a OR Vol. 11, No. 1 pointed a field secretary on full time, who will devote his energies to the gen- eral interests of the and education in Michigan but will place special emphasis upon reaching and in- Association fluencing the rural-school situation. The M. S. T. A. has during the past year carried on and printed, or is about to print, comprehensive reports on pro- fessional ethics, standards of teachers, and office of teachers, the project in early elementary education, rating scales for teachers, and salaries of teachers. appointment tenure of During the com- ing year the investigations will be con- tinued along all of the lines mentioned above except “rating scales for teach- ers,” and in addition an intensive study of school taxation undertaken with a view to equalizing the distribu- tion of funds available for the support of education as between the richer and the poorer sections of the State. Two important changes in adminis- trative offices are to be noted. Dr. Vic- tor C. Vaughan, for many years the efficient head of the Medical School of the University, has retired, and Dr. will be RS. THOMAS G. WINTER, president. of the General Federa- tion of Women’s Clubs, is an enthusi- astic friend of the program of the Na- The Gen- eral Federation has long and earnestly advocated better support for education. tional Education Association. Hugh Cabot, Professor of Surgery, suc- ceeds Dr. Vaughan as dean. At Albion College Dr. Samuel Dickie, whose term of virile service has witnessed the con- tinual growth of the college, has re- signed, and Dr. John B. Laird has assumed the reins of leadership as presi- dent of the college. [HE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION 25 The outlook for the future in Michi- gan is full of hope. With material ex- pansion, the maintenance of scholarly and professional standards will go hand in hand, and the development of clean, democratic, American ideals will con- tinue to be the underlying policy of the educational forces of the State. Education in lowa During 1921 CHARLES Fe. PYE Secretary, lowa State Teachers’ Association EGISLATION—tThe 1921 session of the legislature met in the midst of the most trying and critical times that ever confronted an Iowa General As- sembly. Instead of growing better mat- ters became worsé and more dishearten- ing from day to day. Farm products continued to decline in price and the eco- nomic horizon became darker and darker until it is not to be wondered at that there was a decided tendency toward conservatism and sluggishness in attack- ing the problems of the schools. In spite of this unfavorable atmosphere, some twenty-five school bills were enacted into law and another ten or fifteen relative to health and social wel- fare in which the schools were more or less interested were passed. The financial emergency measures were of perhaps prime importance—A. The maximum interest that school bonds could bear was raised from five to six per cent. B. The maximum amount that a school corporation could levy for school purposes was raised from sixty to eighty dollars per pupil and in consolidated districts the amount was increased to one hundred dollars per pupil. C. An emergency tax levy was author- ized to meet overdrafts that had been incurred because of the unexpected raise in teachers’ salaries and unexpected in- creases in school costs in general. D. The amount of tuition that one school corporation could charge another was raised from eight dollars per pupil to twelve, provided that in no case can the amount charged be in excess of the actual cost of instruction. Other measures were :— A. The strengthening of the consoli- dated school law; B. A bill making it mandatory to teach the Constitution of the United States in all schools of the State above the eighth grade; C. A bill was passed enabling coun- ties to increase the salaries of the county superinterdents of schools; D. Two,important bills were passed relative to the education of deaf chil- dren; E. Fifty thousand dollars was voted as State aid for mining-camp schools; F. Other bills related to school sites, board of educational examiners, and the transfer of school funds monthly ; G. The appropriation for vocational ed- ucation was increased by twenty per cent. This work is being received with gen- eral approval throughout the State. All classes of vocational education authorized under the Smith-Hughes bill, including industrial rehabilitation, are carried on. The work in agriculture has increased thirty-three and one-third per cent over 1920; H. The appropriation for higher in- stitutions of learning, though consider- ably less than the amount asked, was sufficient to enable these institutions to carry forward their work and provide for several new buildings that are badly needed. All records for attendance at both the University at Iowa City and the State College at Ames have been broken. Current Events—A. The outstanding event of the year was the convening of the National Education Association in Des Moines in July; B. Several important changes have been made in the personnel of the State Department of Public Instruction. Dr. O. H. Longwell, a valued member of the department, died early in the sum- mer and his work was taken over by Z. C. Thornburg, formerly superintend- ent of schools of Des Moines. In Oc- tober, Harry D. Kies, well known to inetusindien tduiatis sundinek no. oe dete \ i ee aioe ieee, ees aad emeerteh aekad i Bar ie 26 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION January, 1922 lowa school people, was made Inspector of Mining Camp Schools. Miss May Francis, who was Inspector of Stand- ardized Rural Schools, resigned in Oc- tober to take up work in Columbia; C. Changes in positions were not as numerous this year as for the year 1920. The most important ones were the trans- fer of J. H. Harris from the superin- tendency of the Dubuque schools to the superintendency at Pontiac, Michigan, and the election of O. P. Flower, Super- intendent of Schools at Oskaloosa, in his place. Superintendent J. J. Mc- Connell, of Cedar Rapids, resigned and his place has been filled by Superintend- ent Arthur Deamer, formerly at Fargo, North Dakota. J. J. Lynch succeeds Superintendent Flower at Oskaloosa and Superintendent E. M. Bosshard succeeds A. L. Boyer at Atlantic. Professional Growth—A. Professional growth has been very eviden® during the past year. This movement was given a decided impetus by the coming of the National Education Association to the State. The inspiration and help that came by participating in the first meeting of the Representative Assembly and from hearing the remarkable addresses concerning the teacher and her work de- livered during this important meeting have had their influence throughout the State. Tangible evidence is given by the fact that more superintendents of schools have voluntarily forwarded the fees to bring their State Teachers’ As- sociation membership up to the one hun- dred per cent mark than ever before; B. Local teachers’ organizations are more active and alert than formerly. They have discovered that there is work to be done and are -vigorously setting about to do it. Cedar Rapids, Keokuk, Sioux City, and other local associations have done most effective work during the year 1921; C. One of the by-products of this pro- fessional interest is the renewed enthusi- asm for legislation tending to stabilize the profession. An organization has been effected known as the Iowa Teachers’ Annuity Committee for the purpose of raising $15,000 to secure the services of an actuary and for publicity purposes in behalf of teachers’ annuity. The Sioux City Teachers’ Club has taken the initia- tive in this important movement. For every ten dollars that a high- salaried man draws he gets nine dollars for what he knows and one for what he does.—Selected. Education in Wisconsin During 1921 M. A. BUSSEWITZ Secretary of the Wisconsin Teachers’ Association, Milavaukee, Wisconsin EGISLATIVE PROGRESS—The last legislature enacted thirty-four provisions relating to education. Most of them are of minor importance, but one piece of legislation deserves attention. The legislature enacted a comprehensive, liberal, and just pension law for all teach- ers and administrators engaged in the public schools of the State, including teacher-training institutions and the State university. Senior teachers, that is those who have reached the age of twenty- five years, automatically come under the provisions of this law. They contribute five per cent of their salaries to the pen- sion fund. The State contributes an amount based on the teachers’ contribu- tion which varies from fifty to two hun- dred per cent of the teacher’s contribu- tion. ‘This increase in percentage is ar- rived at by adding five per cent each year to the percentage of the State’s contribution until this percentage reaches its maximum of two hundred per cent of the teacher’s contribution. In case the teacher gets a salary in excess of $1200 the State deducts one per cent from its percentage for every one hun- dred dollars by which the teacher’s sal- ary exceeds $1200. In case the teacher’s salary exceeds $3000, the State will not base its contribution on any amount the teacher contributes above her contribu- tion which would result if she were em- ployed at an annual salary of $3000. In addition to this the State contributes a flat amount of $25 for each year of service. For those teachers who have been in the service previous to the enactment of this law, the State will make up its back payments in the following manner: When such teacher has completed her twenty-fifth year of service the State will make its back contribution for the service rendered in Wisconsin to the same amount as if the law had been in effect during the time she was in service. The teacher need make no contribution for her own past service and she is al- lowed an amount which would equal the State’s contribution at the time it would have been made plus four per cent on this sum to date of end of her twenty-fifth year of service. Liberal provisions are made in case of disability before the twenty-five year period is finished. When teachers re- tire voluntarily before the pension age is reached, they may withdraw their entire contribution with interest at the rate of four per cent. Proposed Legislation—The Wisconsin Teachers’ Association and other educa- tional agencies are planning to secure through the next legislature adequate provision for thoroughly training the teachers for the schools of the State. The normal school courses are to be ex- tended to three and four years beyond the high school, and the county training schools for training teachers for the rural schools, to at least two years be- GNES E. DOHERTY is a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees of the National Education Association. Miss Doherty is a member of the Na- tional Council of Education and served on the Commission on the Emergency in Education during the War. She was State Director for Minnesota for several years. : 2 y rf ' \ ae. mene earns sa eee SRE RRP a ST TEES Vol. 11, No. 1 yond high school graduation; adequate financial support for carrying through this program is to be secured. It is felt that Wisconsin is entitled to a_ well- qualified teacher in every public school. Changes in Important Educational Positions—Wisconsin records very few changes in important educational posi- tions. John Callahan, formerly the Di- rector of Vocational Education in Wis- consin, has become our State Superin- tendent. Other important positions are held by former incumbents. In the rural schools, however, the turn-over is still too large, about one-third of the schools having secured new teachers. Building Program—Wisconsin has a building program of some $20,000,000 now just completed or in process of com- pletion. In this Milwaukee shares to the extent of one high school and two grade buildings, amounting to $2,250,- 000. It also has a building project in its continuation schools amounting to $3,000,000. Among other large buiid- ing projects may be mentioned Janes- ville, which is erecting a junior high school at a cost of $800,000; Beloit two junior high schools at $430,000; Mari- nette a junior high school at $300,000, and Merrill at $300,000; Sheboygan a high school and vocational school at $350,000 ; and Two Rivers a high school at $450,000. Professional Organizations—The Wis- Teachers’ unani- mously voted to reorganize upon a rep- resentative basis. A secretary will be elected who will give his entire time to the affairs of the association. ‘The as- sociation voted unanimously to affiliate with the National Education Associa- tion, and movements are on foot in numerous localities to adopt a budget program, submitted by the National Education Association. It is proposed to make this the customary thing in all counties of the State. consin Association Educational Finance to be Investigated HE AMERICAN COUNCIL on - Education has announced the appoint- ment of a commission to conduct a com- prehensive investigation of educational finance in the United States. For sev- eral years legislators, philanthropists, and the general public have been aware of the increasing difficulty of supporting public education. Educational officers have come to regard the problem: of financing education as the outstanding problem now before them. The para- mount importance of the matter was emphasized at the citizens’ conference on education called by the United States Commissioner of Education in 1920. This conference passed resolutions urg- ing a thorough investigation of the cost of education and of public available to support it. A group of the leaders of the Department of Superin- tendence of the National Education As- sociation meeting in Atlantic City, Feb- ruary, 1921, likewise designated this problem as the most vital one now con- fronting school administrators and ap- pointed a committee to assist in launching an investigation if means might be found to carry it on. The American Council on Education then sought contributions for this pur- resources It is now assured of funds suf- ficient to undertake such an investigation on a scale never before attempted. One hundred and seventy thousand dollars has been raised for the study. The Council has appointed a commission com- posed of recognized specialists in educa- tion, taxation, and business to conduct the inquiry. The commission of the following persons: pose. consists Samuel P. Capen, Director of the Ameri- can Council on Education, Washing- ton, D. C., ex officio. Ellwood P. Cubberley, Dean of the School of Education, Stanford Uni- versity, Stanford University, Cali- fornia. Edward C. Elliott, Chancellor of the University of Montana, Helena, Montana. Thomas E. Finegan, State Superintend- ent of Public Instruction, Harris- burg, Pennsylvania. Robert M. Haig, Associate Professor of Business Organization in Columbia University, New York, N. Y. Victor Morawetz, Attorney-at-law, New York, N. Y. Henry C. Morrison, formerly State Superintendent of Public Instruction THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucaTion AssOciATION . 27 of New Hampshire, Professor of Edu- cation, University of Chicago, Chi- cago, Illinois. George D. Strayer, Professor of Edu- cational Administration and Director, Division of Field Studies, Institute of Educational Research, Teachers’ Col- lege, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. Herbert S. Weet, Superintendent of City Schools, Rochester, N. Y. Dr. Strayer has been selected as Chair- man of the Commission and Director of the inquiry. It is generally recognized that during the past decade all kinds of public schools have developed and expanded in an ex- traordinary manner. The war seemed to stimulate rather than to retard the growth of every grade of instruction given at public expense. What will it cost to support on a uniform basis a sys- tem of public education as at present organized? In what way can this un- dertaking, especially in the rural regions, be reconciled with the other obligations entailed by the conduct of the public’s vital concerns? Educational workers and public-spirited citizens throughout the country have agreed that the issue has become one of cold, hard facts. The primary aims of the Educational Finance Inquiry will be to study in typ- ical States and communities the existing program of public education, the extent to which this program is carried out and the present and prospective costs in- volved. It is proposed to investigate the relation of educational expenditures to other necessary governmental expendi- tures, the methods of raising revenue for the support of education, and the possi- bility of effecting economies. According to Spencer, the three stages through which human opinion on any subject passes are (1) the unanimity of the ignorant; (2) the disagreement of the inquiring; (3) the unanimity of the wise. In our country and in our times no man is worthy the honorable name of statesman who does not include the highest practical education of the people in all his plans of administration.— Horace Mann. Moral inspiration can never come from a man who is not able to do his own first and great duty, and to do it well. From such an one inspiration flattens into exhortation.—Selected. 28 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION January, 1922 + — a Principal; Pitcher School, Mary Dean, j Principal; Ruthruff School, Earl Laing, ec ENROLMENT azd AFFILIATION Completed Enrolments HE following schools have com- pleted their reports for one hundred per cent membership enrolment in the National Education Association since the list was published in the September JOURNAL: ABERDEEN, S. D., Aberdeen City Teachers’ Association, Maebell Jarman, Secretary. ALEXANDRIA, MINN., Alexandria Public Schools, Theodore Utne, Superintendent. ALLIANCE, On10, School Number One, Byron E. Saffell, Principal. Attoona, Pa., Altoona Public Schools, S. H. Layton, Superintendent; Adams School, L. C. Smith, Principal; Allegheny Furnace School, Helen M. De Gabrielle, Principal; Altoona High School, G. D. Robb, Prin- cipal; Central Grammar School, W. H. Burd, Principal; Curtin School, Alice M. Rowe, Principal; ‘Emerson School, Eliza- beth W. Hazlett, Principal; Fairview School, H. H. Beacham, Principal; Frank- lin School, D. L. Hoffman, Principal; Gar- field School, M.A. Dively, Principal ; Irving School, Catherine Shoup, Principal; Jeffer- son School, H.C.Smith, Principal; Madison School, J. J. Hamilton, Principal; Miller School, Lillian M. Tussey, Principal; Penn School, Nan J. Miller, Principal; Stevens School, Anna Wolfe, Principal; W ashington School, Crezella Beamer, Prin- cipal; Webster School, Ira S. Wolcott, Principal; Wright School, Laura Russell, Principal. Ann Arpor, Micu., Mack School; Perry School. Avusurn, NEsR., Auburn Public Schools, A. M. Nelson, Superintendent; Antioch School, Bessie Leeper, Principal; Athens School, Ruth E. Gishpert, Principal; High School, Bertha Wellhausen, Principal. BeprorD, Ou10, Bedford Public Schools, A. E. Moody, Superintendent. BELMONT, Mass., Brighton Street School, Eva Burns, Principal; David Butler School, Alice Farrar, Principal. BLOOMINGTON, IND., Bloomington Junior High School, Mary A. Kerr, Principal. Boyne City, Micu., Boyne City Public Schools, A. A. Metcalf, Superintendent. BripGETON, N. J., South Avenue School, Nor- man A. Wright, Principal. BurLIncTON, VT., Adams School, Emma J. Chapman, Principal. Cepar Rapips, Iowa, Jefferson School, Irene Garrett, Principal. CENTERVILLE, Iowa, Centerville Public Schools, H. M. Taylor, Superintendent; Central School, Carrie Treon, Principal; Garfield School, Mrs. Laura Veach, Principal; Grammar School, J. W. Howar, Superin- tendent; High School, E. W. Fannon, Prin- cipal; Lincoln School, Lucille Spooner, Principal; McKinley School, Sara Ritchel, Principal. CHEYENNE, Wyo., Churchill School, Mrs. J. C. Liston, Principal; Corlett School, Grace McCormick, Principal; Johnson School, Lavinia Cole, Principal. Cuicaco Heicnts, ILt., Franklin School, Idel- ette Ferguson, Principal; Garfield School, Mae Cassels, Principal; U. S. Grant woh School, Florentine Peters, Principal; Jef- ferson School, Floyd T. Goodier, Acting Principal; Roosevelt School, Floyd ‘T. Goodier, Principal. CINCINNATI, Ou10, Vine School, E. E. Ellis, Principal. CLEVELAND, Ono, Landon School, Ella B. Money, Principal. Co_umBus, On10, Fulton School, Belle Tor- rey Scott, Principal. Dayton, Onto, Parker High School, A. E. Clagett, Principal: Detpuos, On10, Delphos High School, Samuel C. Warner, Principal. DENVER, CoLo., Boulevard School, Joseph M. Erwin, Principal. LIVE M. JONES is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Na- tional Education Association and also a vice-president. Miss Jones is Principal of Public School 120, New York City, and editor of “The Principal,” which is the official organ of the New York Prin- cipals Association. Detroit, Micu., Bellefontaine School; Belle- vue School, Florence E. Greer, Principal; Carstens School, James G. Lake, Principal; Chandler School, Amelia Smith, Principal ; Columbian School, Rachel McKinney, Prin- cipal; Dexter School, Audrey Jackson, Principal; Grayling School, Mrs. Eliza- beth W: Hawke, Principal; Keating School, Mrs. Amelia Durst Young, Principal; Le- land School, Grace«Woolfenden, Principal ; Marr School, Florence Stratemeyer, Prin- cipal; Monteith School, Hortense E. Burns, Principal; Newberry School, Jean Lan- nin, Principal; Philip School, Etta Riley, Principal. DunpeEE, ILL., Carpentersville School, Mrs. Jane Martin, Principal; Dundee-Carpen- tersville Public Schools District No. 32, Osher Shilaifer, Superintendent; Dundee School, Cora Lockwood, Principal; School District No. 217, Ada M. Andrews, Prin- cipal. East Cuicaco, ILt., Garfield School, Carrie Gosch, Principal; Lincoln School, Edna Ivey, Principal; Marks School, Ida M. Haines, Principal; Wm. B. McKinley School, T. E. Williams, Principal; Wash- ington High School, Howard H. Clark, Principal; James Whitcomb Riley School, Alfred C. Senour, Principal. East CLEVELAND, Oun10, Superior School, Belle L. Parks, Principal. E.LcIN, ILL., Columbia School, Thomas W. O’Connor, Principal; Abby C. Wing School, Mrs. Mattie H. Walls, Principal. Etwoop, Inpb., Public School Teachers of El- wood, E. B. Hargrave, Secretary; Edge- wood School, Ruth M. Bennett, Principal; High School, William F. Smith, Principal; Junior High School and Central School, Grace DeHority, Principal; Linwood School, Carrie House, Principal; Osborn School, Minnetta Manring, Principal; — School, Mary Leeson, Princi- pal. EtyriA, Oun10, Elyria Public Schools, F. M. Shelton, Superintendent. EMERYVILLE, CALIF., Emeryville School, D.B. Lacy, Superintendent. HIGGINSVILLE, Mo., . Higginsville Public Schools, D. W. Brannon, Superintendent. IRoNWooD, Micu., Central School, E. O. Arnold, Principal; Newport School, Carrie Bond, Principal; A. L. Norrie School, Doyce M. Heggaton, Principal. Kansas City, Mo., Switzer School, Grace Slocomb, Principal. LARAMIE, Wyo., South Side Myrtle Gloyd, Principal. LexincTon, Mo., High School, Roy G. Bige- low, Principal; Lexington Central School. Lonc BeaAcH, CALIF., Horace Mann School, S. F. Holland, Principal. LoncmontT, Coro., Longmont Public Schools, C. C. Casey, Superintendent. Los ANGELES, CALIF., Cahuenga School, Mrs. Violet B. Philbrook, Principal. LOUISVILLE, Ky., Emmet Field School, Ada G. Bache, Principal. LYNCHBURG, VA., Biggers School, Anna D. Le Grande, Principal; Rivermont School, Berta C. Miller, Principal. MANISTEE, Micn., Lincoln School, Lundbom, Principal. MareEnisco, Micu., Marenisco Public Schools, G. L. Blough, Superintendent. Mayview, Mo., Mayview Public Schools, John M. Rush, Superintendent. MicBank, S. D., Milbank Public Schools, H. C. Souder, Superintendent. MILLVILLE, N. J., Western School, Elizabeth Davis, Principal. MrT. CLEMENS, Micu., Mt. Clemens Public Schools, L. W. Fast, Superintendent. New Ramer, Coio., New Ramer Centralized Schools, A. A. Birdick, Superintendent. Nixes, Micu., Niles Public Schools, Otto W. Haisley, Superintendent. NorFo_k, Nesr., Norfolk Public Schools, H. B. Simon, Superintendent; Grant School, Anna Johnson, Principal; Jefferson School, Myrtle Barry, Principal; Junior High School, Lorena J. Lewis, Principal; Lin- coln School, Eleanor Mueller, Principal; Senior High School, E. C. Denny, Princi- pal; Washington School, Harriet Mather, Principal. NorFo.tk, VA., Henry Clay School, M. J. Ober, Principal. School, Mrs. Emma a es Pomme ss en TT ET A Ns A RN SSSA Nene nee ng al. \e@- " ae ol, 0 d lic £. rie al, ace pe- vol. al, als, [rs. ida vol, ma ols, als, als, eth blic zed ool, ool, ligh Lin- yal; nci- her, — ee Ee Vol. 11, No. 1 OpessA, Mo., High School, Veda McKinney, Principal. OKMULGEE, OKLA., Okmulgee City Schools, H. B. Bruner, Superintendent; Emerson School, E. S. Briggs, Principal; Franklin School, Gelene Nichols, Principal; Lee School, Julia Harris, Principal; Longfel- low School, Carrie May Keller, Principal ; Okmulgee High School, Eugene S. Briggs, Principal; Roosevelt School, Agnes Morri- sey, Principal; Webster School, Marian Walsh, Principal; Wilson School, Lena Pitts, Principal. OmAHA, NEsR., Howard Kennedy School, Franc Eaton, Principal. PonTIACc, ILL., Pontiac Public Schools, G. J. Koons, Superintendent; Cehtral School, Elizabeth Dunlap, Principal; Ladd School, Eva Fristoe, Principal; Lincoln School, Verna Fillingham, Principal; Washington School, Edna Wilson, Principal. PoRTLAND, Me., Allen School, Will O. Her- sey, Principal; Bethel Kindergarten, Ruth W. Newhall, Principal; Casco Street School, Amy N. Furlong, Principal; Chap- man School, Will O. Hersey, Principal; Nathan Clifford School, Helen M. King, Principal; Cummings School, Will O. Hersey, Principal; Emerson School, Mar- ada F. Adams, Principal; Jackson School, Leon N. Williams, Principal; Leland School, Susan J. Sawyer, Principal; Libby School, Amy N. Furlong, Principal; Long- fellow School, Will O. Hersey, Principal ; Monument Street School, Clara L. Soule, Principal; Morrill School, Will O. Her- sey, Principal; North School, E. E. Par- menter, Principal; Park Street School, Amy N. Furlong, Principal; Pearl Street Kindergarten, Lucy L. Mann, Principal; Presumpscott School,’ Susan J. Sawyer, Principal; Riverside School, Margaret V. Hughey, Principal; Riverton School, Min- C. SMITH has been selected © to act as the first president of the newly created Department of Immi- grant Education and is now at work on the program for the Boston meeting. Mr. Smith is Supervisor of the Immi- grant Education Department in the State of New York. nie R. Bailey, Principal; Roosevelt School, Helen M. King, Principal; Saunders School, Susan J. Sawyer, Principal; Shai- ler School, Clara L. Soule, Principal; Sherman Street Kindergarten; Special Teachers; Summit Street School, Will O. Hersey, Principal; Supervising Principals ; West School, Alice L. Custis, Principal; Willard School, Nora F. Honan, Princi- pal; Woodfords Kindergarten, Anna C. Bullard. PRINCETON, ILL., Logan School, Margaret T. O’Donnell, Principal. Quincy, ILL., Adams School, Adeline E. Jan- sen, Principal; Jackson Schceol, Johanna Shanahan, Principal; Washington School, Edith Hall, Principal. Rep BuiurF, CALiF., Monroe Schaol, Edna Bayles, Principal. RoyaL Oak, Micu., Greenville Park School, W. H. Allmendinger, Principal. St. Crain, Micu., St. Clair Teachers’ Asso- ciation, Ruth Y. Johnston, Secretary. St. CLoup, Minn., St. Cloud Public Schools, P. R. Spencer, Superintendent; Franklin School, Beulah Gilman, Principal; Lincoln School, Sara Ellis, Principal; Roosevelt School, Arisia Maybury, Principal; St. Cloud Teachers’ College, J. C. Brown, President; Technical High School, Eliza- beth Clark, Principal; Union School, Mary Gallagher, Principal; Washington School, Edith Perkins, Principal. St. JosEPpH, Mo., Jackson School, Frances Burris, Principal. St. PauL, Mrinn., St. Paul City Schools, H. G. Stout, Superintendent. SAGINAW, West Court, Micu., John Moore School, R. M. Johnson, Principal. SAN Francisco, CALiF., Buena Vista School, Lucy Cotrel, Principal; Patrick Henry School, Frances R. Lewis, Principal. SAULT Ste. Martz, Micu., Sault Ste. Marie Public Schools, George G. Malcolm, Su- perintendent; High School, C. W. Bemer, Principal ; Junior High School, E. D. Pierce, Principal; Garfield School; Jefferson School; Lincoln School; McKinley School; Park School; Washington School. SepaLia, Mo., Sedalia Public Schools, C. A. Greene, Superintendent; Arlington School, Minnie Clare Murphy, Principal; Broad- way School, Lida M. Burress, Principal; Jefferson School, Ethel McCluney, Super- visor; Horace Mann School, Belle Steele, Principal; Sedalia High School, Martha M. Letts, Principal; Summit School, Lydia Duncan Montgomery, Principal; Wash- ington School, Anna L. Greer, Principal; Whittier School, Minnie A. Shaffer, Prin- cipal. Facoma, Wasu., Grant School, O. C. ney, Principal. TIFFIN, OH10, Monroe Street School, Wil- bert W. Martin, Principal. Waimea, Kanal, P. I., Junior High School, G. S. Session, Principal. WALLA WALLA, WasH., Green Park School, Elouise Thomas, Principal. Wyominc, De, Caesar Rodney Gilbert Nichol, Superintendent. Whit- Schools, Affiliated State and Local Associations HE following associations are in ad- dition to the affiliations which were reported in the September JouRNAL: ASHLAND, Wis., North Wisconsin Teachers’ Association, Lida E. Doolittle, Secretary. ATKINSON, Kans., Atkinson Educational As- sociation, Alsie Lasell French, President. Auburn, NEsr., City Public School Teachers, P. Katherine Webber, Secretary. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 29 N. Taylor became on June Ist e the full-time secretary of the Mississippi Teachers’ Association, which has a membership of 6221 out of a pos- sible 8000. Mr. Taylor is business manager of the “Educational Advance,” the organ of the Association. BLOOMFIELD, N. J., Bloomfield Teachers’ As- sociation, Edith M. Albinson, Secretary. Boutper, CoLo., Boulder Teachers’ Club, Blanch Ricketts, Secretary. Boyne City, Micu., Boyne City Teachers’ Club, Agatha Manausa, Secretarv. BRATTLEBORO, VT., Vermont State Teachers’ Association, Florence M. Wellman, Secre- tary. BrRooKLyn, N. Y., Public School No. 103, Francis W. Powers, Principal; Public School No. 112, Thomas H. Hughes, Prin- cipal. Carats, Marine, Calais Teachers’ Club, E. Doreen Gregory, Secretary. CARLINVILLE, ILL., Illinois State Teachers’ As- sociation, Robert C. Moore, Secretary. Carson City, Nev., Nevada State Educational Association, E. L. McKeown, President. COLCHESTER, CONN., Connecticut State Teach- ers’ Association, Samuel P. Willard, Cor- responding Secretary. CorvVALLIs, OrE., Oregon State Teachers’ As- sociation, E. D. Ressler, Secretary-Treas- urer. CrysTAL LAKE, ILL., Illinois State Teachers’ Association, N. E. Section, H. A. Dean, Treasurer. DANVILLE, VA., Pittsylvania County Teachers’ Association, Rose L. Brimmer, Secretary. DayTONA, Fua., East Volusia County Teach- ers’ Association, Jenny Morrill, Secretary. DeELAND, Fia., West End Volusia County Teachers’ Association, Gertrude A. Scott, Secretary. Des Mornes, lowa, Bureau of Education, Des Moines Chamber of Commerce, Clay D. Slinker, Secretary. East HArTForD, Conn., East Hartford Teach- ers’ Association, P. S. Barnes, Superin- tendent. East Stroupspurc, Pa., East Stroudsburg State Normal School, Frank E. Baker, Principal. Erte, Pa., Erie City Teachers’ Institute, H. E. Stone, Secretary. Fort Scott, KANSAS, Fort Scott Teachers’ As- sociation, Mary D. Stevens, Secretary. _ GRANTHAM, Pa., Faculty of the Messiah Bi- ble School, Clara E. Hoffman, Secretary. HakaLau, Hawau, Hawaii Education Asso- ciation, E. §. Capellas, Treasurer. Hampton, VA., Hampton Normal & 4gri- cultural Institute. Heaton, McKIniey Co., New Mexico, Mc- Kinley County Teachers’ Association, Lil- lian M. Wilson, Secretary. Heser, Utan, Wasatch County Teachers’ Association. HrawaTtHa, Kans., Brown County Teachers’ Association, Margaret E. Funkhouser, Sec- retary. Jackson, Micu., Jackson Teachers’ Club, F. Cortright, Secretary. KaLaMaAzoo, Micu., Michigan State Teachers’ Association, John P. Everett, Secretary. KirksviLLe, Mo., Faculty of State Teachers’ College, John R. Kirk, President. KNOXVILLE, TENN., High School Teachers’ Association of Knox County, William L. Stooksbury, County Superintendent. Lone Beacu, Cauir., Long Beach Teachers’ Club, W. P. Rankin, President. MAMARONECK, N. Y., Mamaroneck Teachers’ Association, J. V. Kennedy, President. MANZANOLA, COoLo., Otero County Teachers’ Association, Clifford A. Bushey, Secretary. Mempuis, TENN., Shelby County Teachers’ Association, Laurie Cash, Treasurer. MIDLAND, Micu., Midland City Teachers’ Club, T. M. Armstrong, Secretary. MILWAUKEE, Wis., Milwaukee Teachers’ As- sociation, Mima S. Griffith, Secretary; Wisconsin Teachers’ Association, M. A. Bussewitz, Secretary. NEGAUNEE, MicuH., Negaunee Teachers’ As- sociation, Gordon K. Lindley, Secretary. New York, N. Y., Public School No. 27; Public School No. 30, Borough of Manhat- tan, Albert Loerrithon, Principal; Teacher Clerks’ Association of New York, Maie L. MacLean, President. OAK Park, ILL., Chicago Public School Kin- dergarten Association, Belle Booth, Secre- tary; Oak Park and River Forest Town- ship High School, Arthur G. Bobbitt. PALMETTO, FLA., Manatee County Educational Association, A. H. Flowers, Secretary. Price, UTAH, Carbon County Teachers’ As- sociation, Mary F. Mathis, Secretary. Rep Biurr, CAuir., Tehama County Teach- ers’ Association, J. D. Sweeney, Secretary. REDONDO BEACH, CALIF., Teachers’ Club of Redondo Union High School District, Anna M. K. Hansen, Treasurer. RICHMOND, IND., Indiana State Teachers’ 4s- sociation, C. O. Williams, Secretary. RICHMOND, VA., Henrico County Teachers’ Association, Lottie M. Evans, Secretary. Rocuester, N. Y., New York State Teachers’ Association, R. A. Searing, Secretary. Rock HI, S. C., South Carolina State Teach- ers Association, R. C. Burts, Secretary. ROCKVILLE, Mp., Montgomery County Teach- ers’ Association, Eleanor L. Smith, Secre- tary. Rosette Park, N. J., Teachers’ Association of Roselle Park, N. J., Edith H. McCallion, Secretary. St. CHar_es, Mo., St. Charles County Teach- ers’ Association, Irwin Tuepker, Secretary. St. CLoup, MINN., Central Minnesota Edu- cation Association, Karl L. Adams, Secre- tary. Sauispury, N. C., Salisbury Local of North Carolina Teachers’ Assembly, Sadie E. Klutz, Secretary. San Francisco, CAuiF., California Education Association, Arthur H. Chamberlain, Ex- ecutive Secretary; San Francisco Prin- cipals’ Association, Susie A. Ward, Secre- tary. 30 THe JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpuCATION ASSOCIATION SEATTLE, Wasu., High Schogl Teachers’ League, Margaret M. Gorman, President. STILLWATER, MINN., Stillwater Teachers’ Local Association, Anna M. Curry, Secre- tary. STOCKTON, CALIF., Stockton Elementary T each- ers’ Association, May Butler Wiles, Secre- tary. Superior, Wis., Lake Superior Teachers’ As- sociation, John H. Andrews, Secretary. Taison, Bonot, P. I., Talibon Teachers’ As- sociation. Tusa, OKLA., Tulsa Public Schools, E. E. Oberholtzer, Superintendent. Usay, Bono, P. L., Ubay Teachers’ Associa- tion. UvatpeE, Texas, Trans-Medina-Cis-Pecos Teachers’ Institute, A. W. Evans. Warerrorp, N. Y., Waterford Teachers’ 4s- sociation, Mary D. Ameden, Secretary. Wayne, Nesr., State Normal School, U. S. Conn, President. WestFieELp, Mass., Westfield Teachers’ 1sso- ciation, Anna M. Kennedy, Secretary. West New York, N. J., Faculty of Public School, No. 1, Dolores Mulvihill, Secretary. WEsTPporT, CONN., Westport Teachers’ League, Theresa L. Custer, Secretary. Wisconsin Rapips, Wisc., City Superintend- ents’ Association of Wisconsin, E. G. Doudna, President. Affiliations Renewed for 1921-22 ApriAN, Micu., ddrian Teachers’ Club, A.J. Hypes, President. ALTOONA, PA., Altoona Institute, S. ton, Superintendent. H. Lay- January, 1922 BeLFast, Maine, Belfast Teachers’: Club, Annie L. Black, Secretary. BripGeton, N. J., Irving Avenue School, Emma M. Westcott, Principal; Vine Street School Association, Mrs. Clara T. Mul- ford, Secretary. BRIDGEWATER, VA., Rockingham Teachers’ Association, Lina E. Sanger, Secretary. CHEBOYGAN, Miucu., Cheboygan Teachers’ Association, Carl Titus, Superintendent. CLEVELAND, On10, Cleveland Teachers’ Fed- eration, H. T. McMyler, President. CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, OHI0, Cleveland Heights Teachers’ Association, Charlotte E. Wil- liams, Corresponding Secretary. E.woop, Inp., Public School Teachers of El- wood, E. B. Hargrave, Secretary. GRAND Rapips, MicH., Grand Rapids Teach- ers’ Club, Mary Frances Hyland, Secre- tary. Iota, Kawns., Iola Teachers’ Charles A. Kohler, Secretary. Mempuis, Mo., Teachers’ Association of Scot- land County, Mabel Wildman, Secretary. PoRTSMOUTH, VaA., Portsmouth Teachers’ As- sociation, George B. Ish, Secretary. READING, Pa., Reading Teachers’ Associa- tion, G. Gilbert Hintz, President. SouTtH HAvEN, MIcH., South Haven Teachers’ Club, Helen L. Monroe, Secretary. West ORANGE, N. J., Teachers’ Association of West Orange, Sarah N. Staats, Secre- tary. WILMINGTON, N. C., New Hanover County Teachers’ Association, Julia H. Hill, Sec- Club, Mrs. retary. WINSTON-SALEM, N. C., Winston-Salem Branch of the North Carolina Teachers’ Association, J. W. Moore, Treasurer. PENNSYLVANIA STATE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OrRcANIZATION AND Lire MemBeRrs ADMINISTRATION Associate Mensers DerPartmMent OF DEPARTMENTS LOCAL BRANCHES Teachers Instilules One Delegate for (00 Nembers DISTRICTS One Delegate for /00 Members HOUSE NORMAL SCHOOLS Schools eo Education COLLEGE One delegate keen Committee on le grate tion COMM. ON Nt SPECIAL COMMIT TEE. PUBLIC INSTRUCTIO ONE DELEGsTE oF DELEGATES Committee on Jecond Resoluts ons | |Viee Fresidenh \ President ‘Omni ieeeon Ed:tormi Po Sehoel d One delegate each Pres: dent of each is Member of Erecutive Council College and Teacher Trainin Oistrict Superintendence Superr'sing Principa/s Superintendent or Puglie Jlastection &s Officio Firat Vice President és Offrcrvo EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Trustees of the Executive Secretary Permanent Fund Bue Mgr ana Editor Apfituated § Organzations Child HVGIEWE Fround Table | [Fem manship Teachers ona Tobie) Otner Employ NEW DEPARTM S Established by Amendment to tne Constitution on tne written application SILLY memnbert and upon recommendation of (he frseoutive Council Society of College Teachers cf Laducation rs’ fe= ot- ry. l s- la- rs on ity PC- rs ee eee EINE ey CORD (2 SU Pe I a—~ amram Vol. 11, No. 1 NN NE ~- GUIDE TO NEW BOOKS’ Tn ese Of The found- Bost. At- 482 p. illus. ApAMs, JAMES TRUSLOW. ing of New England. lantic monthly, 1921. maps. $4. A history corrective of many extreme opin- ions on colonial life. “He has discarded tradition and hero-worship and written his- tory. He has put:colonial New England in its place, not as a heaven-inspired experi- ment apart, but as a phase of American and British development.”—Nation, 113:100, 27 Jl 21. Written for the general reader (with source references) the book puts a human touch into the New England tradition, show- ing motives other than religious governing the lives of the immigrants. Index. CoHEN, HELEN Louise, ed. One-act plays by modern authors. N. Y. Harcourt, 1921. 342 p. illus. $2.25. An anthology of one-act plays combined with a discussion of the modern theater, the little theater, the workmanship of the play, staging, and use of theaters in schools. The text includes The boy will—Beauty and the Jacobin—The Pierrot of the minute—The maker of dreams— Gettysburg — Wurzel- Flummery—Maid of France—Spreading the news—Welsh honeymoon—Riders to the sea—A night at an inn—The _ twilight saint—The masque of the two strangers— The intruder—Fortune and men’s eyes— The little man. Each play is preceded by a brief discussion of the author. Useful in any library. Corr, Henry Freperick. The par- ent and the child. N. Y., Doran, 1921. 184 p. $1.50. What shall parents do with disobedience, with lying and swearing, with children who do not care to help at home, with mischief, movies, outside interests, with pocket money, with family worship? This book contains discussions of the questions which arise in every family where there are children. It is arranged as a study text with references and presents common-sense views. Draper, GeorGE O., comp. School, church, and home games. Com- munity recreation; rural edition. N. Y. Assn. press, 1921. 148 p. $1. Games for small and large pupils in school and at home and for older people at social gatherings. Many of these are new and the collection is useful where good judgment is used in the selection and supervision of the gdmes described. E:inert, MarGaAret THERESE. The rhythmic dance book. N. Y., Long- mans, 1921. 96 p. illus. $1.50. The spontaneous interpretative dance for children and young people explained inter- estingly as an instrument for developing health and grace. There are several ex- amples of this kind of work. They are accompanied by directions for rather infor- mal rhythmic exercises, verse dancing, and plastic posing. Good photographs. Bound in boards. Franck, Harry ALVeRSON. Work- ing north from Patagonia. N. Y.., Century, 1921. 650 p. illus. $5. Mr. Franck’s usual free-as-air tramp, in- formative and gossipy, covering, together with his Vagabonding down the Andes, all of South America. Delightful portraits. For school or home reading. N. Y., Putnam, 176 p. The glass of fashion. Lond. Mills, 1921. $2.50. The gentleman with a duster is here per- haps less amusing because more caustic than in The Mirrors of Downing Street. He holds up a glass which is keenly critical of the new aristocracy of England—the Repingtons and the Margot Asquiths—who stand in the limelight and offer to the lesser classes an example of “all that is fast, furious, and fashionable.” Cites the Gladstones as per- fect examples for public and private life. illus. GILBERT, CHESTER GARFIELD. Amer- ica’s power resources, by Chester G. Gilbert and Joseph E. Pogue. N. Y., Century, 1921. 326p. illus. $2.50. A collection ‘into book form of papers on investigations at the Smithsonian institution regarding the importance and conservation of national resources. Includes discussions of human labor and mechanical work, coal, oil, natural gas, waterpower, smokeless fuel, three-dimensional transportation. Illustra- tions are maps, diagrams, and graphs. Very readable and useful to libraries. HALL, GRANVILLE STANLEY. Aspects of child life: and education, by G. Stanley Hall and some of his pupils. N. Y., Appleton, 1921. 326 p. $2. A group of readable papers compiled from experiments by Dr. Hall and his associates to describe the nature of the child mind and to enlighten parents and instructors on meth- ods of teaching and correction. The topics include: The contents of children’s minds; The psychology of daydreams; Curiosity and interest; The story of a sand pile; A study of dolls; The collecting instinct; The psy- chology of ownership; Fetichism in children; Boy life in a Massachusetts country town forty years ago. Not an essential first book to buy since more compact material is in smaller handbooks, but an authoritative col- Titles and notes selected from The Book- list of the American Library Association, 78 East Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois, by students in the book selection course at Western Reserve University Library School, Cleveland, Ohio, under the direction of Miss Thirza E. Grant, acting director of the school. Teachers may obtain these and other books from their local public library. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 31 lection of good illustrative material. Many of the papers in it are not new and the bib- liographies are not up to date. James, HERMAN GERLACH. Local government in the United States. N. Y., Appleton, 1921. 482 p. $3.50. A survey of the diverse forms of so-called local government in the United States—city, village, town and county—and of their ori- gin in French and English governments. The author whose earlier text discusses municipal government, here shows that city government is only one of the interlacing parts of government as a whole. A thorough discussion of possibilities and facts in gov- ernmental functions of small units. Many, JOHN MattrHews. Contem- porary British literature; bibliog- raphies and study outlines, by John Matthews Manly and Edith Rick- ert. N. Y., Harcourt, 1921. 196 p. $1.25. Of great interest to students and critical readers of British literature is this arrange- ment with a skeleton of facts about each author and a wealth of sources on lives and works. There are questions for study, a list of British verse anthologies, and one each of general reference works and of indexes and critical periodicals. Authors are arranged alphabetically and indexed according to the nature of their writings. Moses, Montrose Jonas, ed. Repre- sentative plays by American drama- tists. v. 3, 1856-1911. N. Y., Dutton, 1921. 926 p. $8. Volume three of the series includes plays from 1856 to 1911 chosen from among texts not easily available in other anthologies. The playwrights of whom biographical and bibliographical notes are given are Charles Burke, Oliver Bunce, Steele Mackaye, Bron- son Howard, Augustus Thomas, Clyde Fitch, Langdon Mitchell, George Boker. Eugene Walter, and David Belasco. Volume two (1815-1858) is to follow. . Little Plays for am- New YorK Drama LEAGUE. theatre department. ateurs; a selected list. N. Y., Wil- son, 1921. 24 p. Paper, 60c. “An attempt of the Little Theatre Depart- ment of the New York Drama League to answer in one systematic and comprehensive piece of work the daily inquiries from ama- teurs of all kinds as to plays suitable for their varying capacities and purposes.”— Preface. There are one-act plays for men and women, plays for men, plays for women, long plays, out-door plays, and plays in ori- ental setting. Plays for high-school age are starred. Annotations give characters, setting, and nature of plot. Very successful. PERKINS, JEANETTE ELoisr. The May- flower program book, prepared by Jeanette Eloise Perkins in collabora- tion with Frances Weld Danielson. Bost. Pilgrim Press, 1920. 229 p. illus. music. $2. An arrangement of twenty-six programs for children from six to eight. Its emphasis 32 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION is upon service and world friendship. It is intended ,as a week-day church school out- line and is complete in offering of materials. Dramatized Bi- N. Y., Russe__t, Mary M. ble stories for young people. Doran, 1921. 92 p. $1.50. Brief dramas of one or two scenes usually, arranged for little or no stage trappings and intended to be given by young people in their teens in place of the scripture reading of a church service. The stories are of Moses, Naaman, Esther, Bartimeus, Christ’s birth and resurrection, Isaac and Rebecca, the ten virgins, Nehemiah, the good Samari- tan, Miriam, and Ruth. Interesting not only in itself but as a suggestion of numerous dramatizations which may easily be ar- ranged for churches. Sims, Newer Leroy, ed. The rural community, ancient and modern. N. Y., Scribner, 1920. 916 p. illus. $4.50. A survey, in the form of collected read- ings, of the problem of rural community life. An historical background is given in the de- scription of the primitive village, the me- dieval manor, and the village community in America. The community of the present with its types and institutions is defined and the problems are stated and reconstruction measures presented. One of the most com- plete discussions of the subject by a professor of rural sociology in Massachusetts Agricul- tural College. SmitH, Atice Mary, ed. Short plays by representative authors. N. Y., Macmillan, 1920. 318 p. $1.80. A junior high school selection of plays representing the humors and atmospheres of many nationalities. Contents: The Hraun farm, by Johann Sigurjonsson—The merry, merry cuckoo, by Jeannette Marks—The locked chest, by John Masefield—The post office, by Rabindranath Tagore—Six who pass while the lentils boil, by Stuart Walker—The silver lining, by Constance d’Arcy Mackay—By ourselves, by Ludwig Fulda—The rider of dreams, by Ridgely Torrence—Spreading the ~ news, by Lady Augusta Gregory—The swan song, by Anton Tchekhoff—The man on the kerb, by Alfred Sutro—The shadowed star, by Mary MacMillan. SNEDDEN, Davin SAMUEL, ed. Voca- tional home-making education. N. Y., Teachers’ College, Columbia Univ., 1921. 149 p. Paper, $1.50. Snedden’s usual research into objectives and projects for education. This pamphlet is the result of a summer session of teachers studying the home-making problem at Co- lumbia. It contains a short theoretical dis- cussion and outlines for studies and projects in cooking, housekeeping, child care, and sewing. Practical for teachers. TAyLor, STEWART. Clay modelling for schools (Pitman’s handwork series). N. Y., Pitman, 1921. 139 p. illus. $2. An English school outline presenting an excellent grasp of the value of modelling as a means of expression. of developing dexterit, and correlating art work with other school subjects. ‘The work ranges from kinder- garten play to plaster casting and really artistic production. All elementary teachers and many art students will find the book useful. Wittiams, Basi. Cecil Rhodes (Makers of the nineteenth century). January, 1922 N. Y., Holt, Lond. Constable, 1921, 353 p. map. $3.50. A portrait drawn truly, with the master- ful, the lovable, the faulty, and the highly romantic all in view. The character is as interesting as the background of the diamond fields and South African history. The nar- rative moves slowly at times but builds up a story which both the student and general reader will enjoy to study or skim. School Buildings and School Architecture Ayres, L. P., and Ayres, May. School Buildings and Equipment. Survey of the Cleveland Foundation, 1916. 117 p. 25c. This report constitutes one of the twenty- five sections of the Cleveland Survey and is the result of a thorough investigation of the physical school plants of that city. The criticism of false practices and the develop- ment of standards for construction are de- cidedly commendable. Ayres, May, WILuiiaAMs, Jesse F., and Woop, Tuomas D. Healthful Schools: How to Build, Equip, and Maintain Them. Houghton, Mif- flin Co., 1918. 292 p. $1.50. This volume is a condensed but thorougt review of the subject of school hygiene. The field comprises two main headings— provision of healthful, physical environment and the conduct of healthful schqol activi- ties. This volume contains a wealth of sug- gestive material for the architect, school board, or superintendent contemplating school construction and should meet with wide use as a text in school hygiene in teacher-train- ing institutions. DoNnovAN, JOHN J., and Others. School Architecture: Principles and Prac- tices. Macmillan Company, New York, 1921. Illus. 724 p. $20. Mr. Donovan and his collaborators in a comprehensive treatise have clearly indi- cated the best architectural practices in mod- ern school erection. Building planning; construction costs; departmental equipment; heating and ventilation; and electrical in- stallations are a few of the topics that pro- vide a wide fund of information. This vol- ume is profusely illustrated with pictures of all types of buildings, various types of rooms, laboratories, and offices and with sug- gestive floor plans. This is the best treatise on school buildings and school architecture that has been produced. DressLAR, FLetcHer B. American Schoolhouses. Washington, D. C. Government Printing Office, 1911. U. S. Bureau of Education, Bulletin 5, 1910. 133 p. illus. 75c. A discussion of the requirements of school buildings from the educator’s point of view. A major part of the excellence of this vol- ume is due to the collection of pictures and places of school buildings erected in dif- ferent parts of the country. ‘ ENGELHARDT, N. L. School Building Program for Cities. Columbia Uni- versity Contributions to Education No. 96, 1918. 130 p. $1.60. Mounting costs of school buildings necessi- tate careful planning for future needs. The author has carefully selected the elements essential in a study of a _ school-building program for an American city and has de- veloped a technique for the scientific solu- tion of the problems raised. This study is of great value to school boards and city superintendents who are contemplating new buildings or the remodelling of old build- ings. The study of a school-building situa- tion after the manner indicated in this vol- ume will invariably result in distinct saving to the community. LockHarT, G. L. Public Schools. H. W. Kingston Co., St. Paul, Minn., 1918. 211 p. A non-technical discussion’ of the construc- tion, ventilatiop, sanitation, lighting and equipment of various types of school build- ings. The author has included many sug- gestions of practical importance to the school architect not ordinarily found in similar books. Mixis, W. T. American School Build- ing Standards. Ed. 2. Franklin Educational Publishing Co., Colum- bus, Ohio, 1915. 616 p. $5. This manual of school architectural prac- tice is a systematic review of the problems which confront designers of school build- ings. Legislative requirements and city codes are utilized in showing standard practises and a future edition of this handbook, bring- ing such material up to date, will be wel- comed. Strayer, G. D. and ENGELHaArnt, N. L. Standards for Score Card for City School Buildings. Teachers College Bulletin, 11th ser. No. 10. Colum- bia University, New York City, 1920 45 p. 50c. The evaluation of any school building is dependent upon the sum total of all of the ‘This list was compiled by G. C, Gamble, As- sociate in Educational Administration, Teachers Coliege, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. eetienettieeeeheeeeacine eae tae ee 22 dif- ling J ni- tion essi- The ents ding de- solu- ly is city new uild- itua- vol- ving ols. aul, truc- and uild- sug- ‘hool nilar uild- ‘klin [um- Drac- lems uild- codes ctises ring- wel- N. L. City llege lum- 920 ig is f the ” As- chers . = RR RENEE IS ae gene omer persone wet Vol. 11, No. 1 elements which make up a satisfactory school plant. As a result of the study of over a thousand schools, the authors have developed a score card upon which is recorded the num- ber of points on the basis of a thousand assigned to a particular building. The score card and its accompanying standards can be utilized first in the evaluation of school buildings for the purpose of develop- ing a building program, and second, in the checking of plans for new buildings. The authors have also published a correspond- ing score card and standards for rural school buildings. STRAYER, G. D., ENGELHARDT, N. L., and Evenpen, E. S. Public Im- provement ‘ommission, Baltimore, Md. Baltimore School Survey— The School Plant and School Build- ing Program—Vol. I. 1921. A new note in the technique of school surveying. ‘The conditions of each of the 140 buildings comprising the, Baltimore school system were thoroughly analyzed and specific recommendations made for each. The school building program is based on an intensive study of population growth and increase in school enrolment over a period of years. An especially commendable fea- ture is the introduction of a large number of pictures and charts, graphically present- ing many of the phases of the Baltimore situation. RTHUR WOODS, chairman of the committee of civic and emer- gency measures of the President's Con- Unemployment. Colonel Wood’s work as police commissioner of New York City attracted wide attention. His record overseas and his service as ference on Assistant Secretary of War in charge of establishing service men in civil life have peculiarly qualified him for his present task of combating unemployment. School building is urged as one of the most im- portant measures of relief. THE JOURNAL OF THE STRAYER, G. D., ENGELHARDT, N. L., and Hart, F. W. A Schoolhousing Series—1920. C. F. Williams & Son, Inc., Albany, N. Y. A series of checking lists and forms de- vised to assist boards of education in secur- ing schoolhouses which meet modern school- housing standards. The following are the forms comprising the series: Architect’s Form I. Data Essential to Pre- liminary Sketches of New School Build- ings (for use by architects and school boards) Architect’s Form II. Data Essential to Work- ing Drawings and Specifications (for use by architects and school boards) Schoolhousing Form III. Checking Chart and Score Card for School Building Plans and Specifications (for use by State and local building authorities) NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 33 Architect’s Form IV. Standard Require- ments for Plans of School Buildings and Sites (for use by architects and school boards) Architect’s Form V. Blank Form for Archi- tectural Competitions (for use by school boards) UNIVERSITY OF STATE OF New York. School Buildings and Grounds. Vol. 3 of the 11th report of the State De- partment of Education, Albany, 1917. This State publication is an authoritative description of New York’s standards for school buildings and grounds. A section devoted to financial statements contains a wealth of data for comparative statistics. Unemployment and School Building HEN the President’s Unemploy- ment Conference began to study possible measures for the relief of unem- ployment it immediately fixed upon the construction of public works as one of the chief opportunities. It was soon apparent that the big item in needed public works was school building. School building was suspended during the war and has been resumed slowly since the war. As a result there is no large city in the country that has not been forced to resort to part-time sit- tings, while many smaller cities have been obliged to use the same makeshift, to rent temporary quarters ill-suited for school purposes, or to continue to use buildings that are unsanitary, unsafe, and poorly adapted to the uses of the modern comprehensive school. The JOURNAL Mr. Hoover’s request to the National December recorded Education Association to codperate with the permanent committee in its effort to find relief for the grave unemployment crisis, which is expected to continue throughout the early months of the new year. It also emphasized the impor- tance of encouraging school building. Reports from the field indicate that school authorities are responding to the call—that authorized building is being speeded up and that new building enter- prises are being provided for. In order to determine the extent of school construction the Association asked for reports from various State superin- tendents and from county superintend- Careful reports have come from a considerable number of States, while other State school officers have described the general situation. Likewise the re- quest for reports from county superin- tendents brought a hearty response. So far as space will permit reports from county superintendents are summarized in the table on another page. It is hoped to continue this table as a regular feature of THE JoURNAL and to make it a complete, continuing school-building progress. Assistant State Superintendent Helen S. Benedict, of Arizona, reports that $422,000 is being spent for school con- struction now under way, while addi- tional construction has been authorized to the extent of $1,321,000. This latter figure includes $750,000 for a new high school at Tucson. State Superintendent Bond, of Arkan- sas, writes that on account of the bond market little construction is now con- templated in that State. The school authorities of Little Rock are consider- ing the question of a junior high-school building. Commissioner Meredith, of Connecti- cut, reports that construction is under way to the extent of $2,649,600.50 and that the amount of: construction author- ized but not begun is $3,798,000, while a total of $15,000,000 additional con- struction would be required adequately to house the schools. State Superintendent Holloway, of Delaware, reports a building program of ents. survey of i] i j ‘ f ‘i 4 5 4 4 $400,000 for colored schools—mostly one and two-room buildings. State Superintendent Sheats, of Flor- ida, estimates that about $700,000 will be spent for school buildings during the current year, including $100,000 for the State university at Gainesville and $200,000 for the State college for wo- men at Tallahassee. State High School Inspector E. A. Pound, of Georgia, reports $440,000 worth of building under way or soon to be erected. State Superintendent Harris, of Louisiana, wires that Louisiana built last session for White children twenty- one brick houses at a cost of $1,661,661 and one hundred four. frame houses cost- - ing $553,317. $200,000 was spent on fifty-four houses for negro schools. A revival of school building is expected as soon as interest rates on school bonds can be adjusted. State Superintendent Thomas, of Maine, reports $462,000 of construction under way; $1,000,000 authorized but not begun, while $2,025,000 additional would be needed adequately to house the schools. Mr. Virgil Chapman, State super- visor of rural schools in Kentucky, re- ports $612,000 in construction under way or recently completed, $1,420,000 authorized but not begun and an addi- tional $2,320,000 required to house the schools in conformity with reasonable standards. State Superintendent Johnson, of Michigan, reports building operation under way in a number of localities, but the precise figures are not yet available. State Superintendent Hunting, of Nevada, reports $89,000 worth of con- struction under way, and $255,000 au- thorized but not yet begun. Mr. Frank H. Woods, chief of school buildings and grounds in the State de- partment of education in New York, reports about $50,000,000 actually be- ing spent or soon to be spent on school construction. For Pennsylvania, Mr. Fred Engel- hardt, director of the administration bureau, submits a comprehensive report which shows that approximately three and a half billion dollars are being spent for school buildings now wynder con- struction in the Keystone State. State Superintendent Swearingen, of South Carolina, estimates that school buildings in process of construction or contemplated in that State amount to about $3,000,000. 34 Tue JourRNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION State Superintendent Shaw, of South Dakota, gives a list of building projects under way amounting to $3,730,000. State Superintendent Jensen, of Utah, reports construction under way aggre- gating $1,393,450; authorized but not begun, $800,000; additional needed ade- quately to house the schools, $4,500,000. These figures, most of which are ap- proximate rather than exact, indicate that an enormous amount of school con- struction is under way, that a large ad- ditional amount is authorized, and that a still greater amount is needed to pro- vide the accommodations demanded by reasonable standards of hygiene, sanita- tion, and educational practice. The authorities of several States are gathering figures but were unable to have them ready in time for this number of THe JourNnat. The reports taken as a whole reveal a startling lack of uni- formity in the relation which State de- partments have to school-building proj- ects. In some States plans must be ap- proved by competent architects, while at the other extreme are the States in which new projects are not even reported to the State authorities, except as they are included incidentally in general re- ports. The Editorial Council HE EDITORIAL COUNCIL of the National Education Association served during the year 1920. There was some delay in completing the list of members, which is here published in THE JouRNAL for the first time. “ Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean of Sim- mons College, Boston, Mass. C. W. Bardeen, formerly Editor of the School Bulletin, Syracuse, N. Y. Katherine D. Blake, Principal of Pub- lic School No. 6, New York, N. Y. Annie Webb Blanton, State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, Austin, Tex. B. R. Buckingham, Department of Research, State University, Urbana, III. Kenyon L. Butterfield, President State Agricultural Amherst, Mass. Arthur H. Chamberlain, Editor of Sierra Educational News, San Fran- cisco, Calif. Loretta M. Chester, Public School No. 3, New York, N. Y. Lotus D. Coffman, President of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn, College, January, 1922 Susan M. Dorsey, Superintendent ot Schools, Los Angeles, Calif. Lee L. Driver, State Rural School Inspector, State House, Harrisburg, Pa. Julia Fliseh, Teacher, Tubman High School, Augusta, Ga.’ Mary L. Fulkerson, Public Schools, Salem, Oregon. Carlton H. Gibson, Superintendent of Schools, Savannah, Ga. Frank P. Graves, New York State Commissioner of Education, Albany, N. ¥. John A. H. Keith, President State Normal School, Indiana, Pa. James H. Kelley, Secretary of the Pennsylvania Teachers’ Association, Harrisburg, Pa. Vaughan MacCaughey, Superintend- ent of Public Instruction, Honolulu, Hawaii. T. J. McCormack, Superintendent of Schools, La Salle, Ill. Joseph G. Masters, Principal of the High School, Omaha, Nebr. L. H. Minkel, Superintendent of City Schools, Fort Dodge, Iowa. Jesse H. Newlon, Superintendent of Schools, Denver, Colo. M. V. O’Shea, Department of Edu- cation, State University, Madison, Wis. J. J. Pettijohn, Assistant to the Presi- dent, University of Minnesota, Minne- apolis, Minn. Charles F. Pye, Secretary of the Iowa Education Association, Des Moines, lowa. H. W. Rockwell, President State Normal School, Buffalo, N. Y. W. Carson Ryan, Jr., Associate Ed- itor of School and Society and Professor of Education, Swarthmore College. Swarthmore, Pa. J. W. Searson, Department of Eng- lish, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr. George L. Nebraska Teacher, Lincoln, Nebr. Nina C. Vandewalker, U. S. Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. Charl Ormond Williams, Superin- tendent Shelby County Schools, Mem- phis, Tenn. H. G. Williams, Editor of the Ohiv Teacher, Columbus, Ohio. Agnes S. Winn, Teacher, Schools, Seattle, Wash. John W. Withers, Dean of the Schoo! of Education, New York University, New York, N. Y. W. C. Bagley, Teachers’ College. Columbia University, New York, N. Y.., chairman. ; Towne, Editor of the Public CT TT Nene AEN lu, he ot of —— Bond issues, architects, contracts let, and other essential information. Name of State and County 1 Alabama Mobile. Montgomery Montgomery Montgomery Montgomery Montgomery Colorado Otero Otero : . Connecticut Litchfield Florida Orange Orange Georgia Madison Madison. . Tatnall... Walker . Walker Illinois Crawford. .. Crawford Crawford. . Crawford . Logan. Logan Vermilion i Indiana Benton. Blackford.... SS eee a Grant. Hancock Hancock Hendricks. ... Hendricks... . Towa Dallas Dallas Buena Vista Clinton Linn... Page. . Page. Polk... Kansas Graham. Louisiana Evangeline Orleans... . Richland i ae Maine York : Maryland Anne Arundel. Anne Arundel Frederick. .... Frederick Washington Washington Worcester Michigan Grand Traverse. Washtenaw Wayne.. Wayne... Wayne. . Wayne SCHOOL-BUILDING PROGRESS Name of Town or District \Seat- Name and Kind | of Building Nm | Mobile a Cloverdale... .. Chisholm Catoma Pintlala . Pine Level...... CHOTOW «0. ves LaJunta.. Thomaston... Ocoee Orlando Danielsville Ila Riedsville Rossville LaFayette Hutsonville | Robinson Robinson Seneca Beason Hartsburg Danville Joliet, Dist. No. 86. Freeland Park Harrison . New Waverly Washington Twp |} Franklin | Fortville | Wilkinson |} Lizton Pittsboro Redfield De Soto 13 new Bidgs. 6 new Bldgs Cedar Rapids Clarinda.... Coin Des Moines Hill City Ville Platte New Orleans Rayville Marion Saco Glen Burnie Millersville Walkersville . | Emmitsburg Hagerstown | Williamsport Massachusetts | Douglas Traverse City Ann Arbor (50008) Phineas Redford River Rouge Wyandotte Consolidated...... | High High . White High...... White High . Township High . Township High.. Vocational Community High High High High High addition. . Consolidated Grade & High Consolidated Consolidated Grade Grade & High . ee High ae Junior High. High ee ee Elementary . High Cop eae ON .scibencns High . i Spebeeas ee | Elementary... PE is sted es 4 Elementary Grade ing Ca- pac- ity 4 600 300 300 300 300 600 1400 400 11200 240 | 600 | 250 550 550 150 | 100 | 100 11500 /1000 300 300 250 350 250 | Consolidated High.| 16 800 300 320 300 300 350 350 1900 | | 500 | 900 Cost of Amo Building or unt | of App | | 5 \$159, 100, 50, 50, 50, 50, 130, 200, 161, 40, 250 | 25, 20: 24 80, 75 80 85 125 60, 100, 60, 1,000 800, 60, 140, 54, 75, 1D, 65, 1,000. 1,000 1,000 | 140, 134,000 100, 126, 56, 150, TO- | priation 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 * 000 000 000 | 000 000 | 000 , 000 000 , 000 , 000 ;000 , 000 000 000 000 ,000 000 | 000 | 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 ‘000 ‘000 000 1,500,000 135; 100 | 136 53 300, | 225, 1,000 1,000 oe [35 000 | , 000 150, 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 000 | 000 ,000 ,000 000 | ,000 | I School officers are requested to send reports on all neu buildings. More reports have been received than can be published in this issue. Others will appear latter. Jate Author- ized 6 1921 5 nN wn 10/21 | ‘15/21 aa j | 20 | | | 21 | 1919 1920 1920 ~ ~ — Date Contract let or to be let soon soon 1920 1921 1921 1921 1921 1921 1922 Name of School Officer in Charge Name of Architect A. F. Harnmian... A. F. Harman. A. F. Harman. A. F. Harman. . | Sec. of Board. | R. M. Tirey.. R. N. Brown | County Board. | County Board. J. R. McFarland. . | W. B. Shaw.... E. J. Evans E. O. May E. O. May W. A. Graves | C. E. Cope | H. Van Gerpen 27 1/227) | L. W. Smith | Fred Callaway C. A. J. Shull. J. A. Van Duzen P. F. Watkins Otha Dale W. A. Queale. | C. A. Mark J. D. Wardle... E. L. Weaver. | R. W. Tallman E. E. Mullaney Y.L. Fontenot | E. E. Keelder | J. N. Warner. i is oung | Frederick Count y Board of Ed'n. | Board of Ed’n. . ake . Loomis. . | J. W. Patchin Chairman of Building Com- mission H. E. Rigg | Frank Lockwood ad | Okel & Cooper | Sen eon 626 © als oS | Mountjoy& Frewen | Mountjoy& Frewen Fred Webster F. H. Trimble F. H. Trimble Clarence Jones | | Reister & Robach | Reister & Robach | J. Hannifin A. L. Pillsburg | Deal & Ginzel | Lewis & Dougherty | Burnham & Co. | W. Brown Kopf & Wooling | | Elmer Dunlap Rugh Keffer & Jones Gordon Favrat & Livandais E. A. Christy | Ed. F. Neild | J. W. Smith | H. S. Coombs J. M. Armstrong J. M. Armstrong . | Randall, Boston Frank Ellsworth L. H. Field Childs & Smith L. H. Boynton Baker & Gamble Cost of Seat- Building Name of State Name of Town Name and Kind | ing | or and County or District of Building Ca- | Amount | | pace | of | ity | Appro- | priation 1 2 3 4 | 5 Minnesota Beltrami.......| Bemidji.......... High.. | 800 | 350,000 Cameem.......-) Bei... ....... | 100 | 40,000 Cariton.... Wrenshall........| ‘Grade... 200 | 40,000 Missouri Bates...... » Seer 600 42,000 Montana Fergus........| Lewistown........| Junior High.... | 180,000 Gallatin. ......| Manhattan.......} Consolidated. | 40,000 Glacter........| Binckfoot........ | 25,000 Nebraska a ee Se 30,000 New Jersey | Atlantic . eee Sey... . .) MAME... 2000 |1,600,000 Atlantic. |. Egg Harbor City Rae ie eee 68 ,000 New York | Broome..... Dickinson. . 8 room...........} 300 | 100,000 Brie... | West Seneca.... 8 rooms..........| 300 | 90,000 Madison. . | Canastota... Bienh............-| 900} 100,000 Onondaga. | Onondaga... LPS Te ore ...., 200,000 Rockland. | Orangetown..... High & Grammar..| 600 | 250,000 Steuben. .... AeR............| Umon & High.....| 250 30, 000 North Carolina Orange. Hilisboro........ ....| 700 ; 100,000 Rockingham. .| Reidsville........| High (white) . oe gear 300 | 150,000 Rockingham... .| Reidsville........| Negro........... 500 50,000 Union. Er To, 5 wala 8-4 awl 500 | 100,000 Ohio Greene........| Xenia.. | High (white)......| 800 | 375,000 Greene........} Xenia.. High (negro)......} 300 | 175,000 Jackson...... | Oak Hill. . | High.. : 320 50,000 SO, 5. cu ccoul WOM «cc: 6 room addition . 240 50,000 SOMSCE... i. .s% | Bloomville..... 1] 350 | 140,000 ee | Jackson.... .. 350 | 100,000 | Seneca....... | Hopewell....... | oes 75,000 | Oklahoma Marion. . o:| MEVERCOR, ...... Grade............| ee 60 , 000 Sequoha.. . IN, os olds «ba clare ea Raden o> 0 oe | 18,000 Oregon Lane. .....! Springfield... High.............| 400 | 47,500 Pennsylvania | Jefferson...... | ¢ Cordica Borough. .| Vocational........| 150 25,000 Northampton. Palmer Twp... OS Seen 2 ae rae Potter | Genesee...... High.............| 300 | 30,000 | South Carolina Greenville..... Greer.... High.... | 350 | 125,000 Greenville Sam-Poe Dist. ed ihe aa | 450 | 39.000 Tennessee Claiborne... . New Tazewell.....| Consolidated......| 600 | 25,000 Texas Fisher... McCaulley.... 600 | 20,000 Jones..... Manna...... ii8 5,000 | Jones Turner..... | | 3,750 Utah | Weber 3 aciditions...... 60,000 Verment Rutland. ee Le 50 4,000 Virginia | Accomack.....| Atlantic......... 250 45 ,000 Accomack 5 ae 450 41,000 Accomack.....| Onancock....... 500 45 ,000 Elizabeth City..| Hampton........ High .. ; | 500 | 130,000 Elizabeth City. | Phoebus........ E lementary & Gymnasium . | 300 | 50,000 Elizabeth City..| Wythe. ..........| 3 Elementary. . 300 | 180,000 | each | Pittsylvania....| Dan River Dist... High...... | ....-| 30,000 | West Virginia Gilmer..... Sand Fork........| Grade & High.....|.....| 40,000 Logan.... "Bee aa RG: sit ate ee oc 85,000 Logan. . | of ae 60 , 000 Logan.... a ..| 500 | 70,000 Wisconsin Crawford . EE Ee eee ere Crawford . . “eae ke 40,000 Green... .... Browntown...... Sree a 100 | 25,000 Green...... ROO. ©... 5s sch See te .. t @ 40,090 Oe oO A ene ; 100 | 15,000 Waueers......| Jt.3.............} Grade.. ....-| 70 20,000 | 7 SS ae High.. ..+--.| 150 | 85,000 Waushara Wautoma....... County Training . 100 | 44000 Pass: Date Author- ized 10/ 4/21 1921 10/—/21 9/14/21 5/25/21 1/13/20 11/—/19 11/—/19 11/—/21 10/—/21 1920 1921 1920 8/24/21 10/ 1/21 8/15/21 3/ 1/21 1921 | 4/ 3/21 4/ 3/21 4/ 3/21 6/ 4/21 6/ 4/21 6/ 4/21 [36] Date Contract let or to be let ‘ 8/—/21 soon 10/28/21 10/—/21 1922 5/ 1/21 | 6/15/21 | 6/—/20 6/—/20 3/—/22 ii/—/2i 6/—/21 Je eee eeees ay ifi 1922 | 1922 10/20/21 1/ 1/22 1921 9/20/21 9/13/21 8/1/21. 6/ 6/21 1/ 1/21 9/—/21 10/ 1/21: 1/1/21 SCHOOL-BUILDING PROGRESS—Continued Name of School Officer in Charge | Name of Architect 8 School Board... H.C. Hanmegon.... J. E. Ouerlie..... E. E. Robinson. .. ‘Lloyd Johnson. . .. School Board... . G. P. Remer..... Lewis B. Glenn... S. H. Decker..... 9 Broomhall | Ellinger J. T. Rowland a Re eG re | ee F H. ©. Germer..... Se E. R. Saas E. C. Gledhill... . a ere ae Co. Supt. . S. G. Hawfield. C. A. Waltz...... C. A. Waltzs...... J. P. Webster..... Morton Crance.... J. O. Renebold.... Se P. mM. Roth. ....: TP, Merth.....: M. D. Easton... . W. E. James.... R. W. Arrington. Kellog Sharp A. C. Turner Archer | J. }. me Hildreth. L. Js Pease. .... Hastings. Benson & Benson. . J. W. Robertson. . j. m. Beent....... 2) }. Hi. Brent... .. .. Board of Educ’t’n. | Ella Farrell. ...... Ella Farrell....... .| B. M. Bates Ella Farrell...... J. N. Burns f! C. C. Campbell. . W. C. Haney. W. T. Peck.. E. J. Fitzpalmer. . ‘Henry Drake... .. | | J.T. Rowland | Ingham & Veazie Milburn-Hiester Co W. C. Northup W. C. Northup Louis Asbury Albert Pritzinger Albert Pritzinger Glass & Austin Glass & Austin Glass & Austin O. O. Howard C. N. Freeman | Burggraff Bailey Bur. of School Bldgs Jones & Trott E. ‘H. Hall | L. J. Parris J. W. Jones W. J. Mathews J. M. Pilchard C. M. Robinson C. M. Robinson C. M. Robinson A. N. West & Bro B. M. Bates B. M. Bates Preok Davis.....>.).. Clark & Stark | E. Tonger E. Tonger ee ee eee ae mR RRRORRENRSRRIMTMEe mee Lepartment of Superintendence Tentative Programs for Its Meeting and for the Meetings of Other Departments of The National Education Association and Affiliated Organizations at Chicago, Illinois, February 24—March 2, 1922 HE GENERAL PLAN of this program of the Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association is designed to pro- ject a panorama of country-wide educa- tional needs. The plan as proposed is gen- eral in character that it may, if desired, serve as a basis for detailed study of the issues regarded in administrative circles as fundamental and insistent upon solu- tion. 1. What types of education does this country require? 2. What physical property will be necessary to insure its promotion? 3. What technique in education may be expected from our advanced curricula? 4. How much country afford? we secure for our money through elimi- nation of wasteful processes and organi- zation ? 5. What benefits shall accrue to the children of the United States through public education ? All meetings of the Department of Superintendence, education can the How much more can otherwise noted, will be in the Auditorium T)icatre. except as Saturday Evening February 25, 1922 The National Society for the Study of Edu- cation—Gold Room, Congress Hotel. Monday Morning February 27, 1922 Department of Superintendence A. The Outlook in Education (1) for Cul- tural Education; (2) for Technical Educa- tion; (3) for Commercial Education. B. Business Meeting—Nominations of of- ficers from the floor. Monday Afternoon February 27, 1922 Department of Superintendence Executive Session as Authorized at Atlantic City and Des Moines 1. A constitution and by-laws will be submitted for consideration. 2. Official decision upon the financial pol- icy of the Department. 3. A review will be made of all groups which may be considered for allied relation- ship with the Department; final decision to be made by vote of the Department. 4. Reports of committees. 5. Any or all business which may be pro- posed by members of the Department. National Association of Secondary School Principals—Ball Room, Hotel La Salle. National Society of College Teachers of Ed- ucation—Ball Room, Auditorium Hotel. National Council of State Departments of Education—Pine Room, Stratford Hotel. Department of Rural Education—Florentine Room, Congress Hotel. City Training School Section—Red Room, Hotel La Salle. Council of Primary Education—Place to be announced. National Council of Education—Ball Room, Hotel Sherman. | ee OBINSON GODFREY JONES, President of the Department of Superintendence, 1921-22, whose pro- appears herewith. Mr. Jones, who is superintendent of the Cleveland, Ohio, Schools, went to Cleveland as deputy superintendent from Rockford, Illinois, in 1917, and after a year as act- ing superintendent became superintend- ent in 1919. gram Monday Evening February 27, 1922 Department of Superintendence A National Educational Policy—To be pre- sented by an official representative from the U. S. Government at Washington. [37] Tuesday Morning February 28, 1922 Department of Superintendence Building and Physical Equipment—This program, which is in charge of Superintend- ent Randall J. Condon, Cincinnati, Ohio, will be as extensively and intensively pre- sented as time will permit. In addition to the speaking program, there will be a visual program of plans, exterior, details of equip- ment, and construction costs of the finest school buildings in the country. It will be supplemented by an exhibit in a separate room. It will be esteemed a great favor if any superintendents who have constructed new buildings or know of successful construction or plans will submit them fo Dr. Condon for consideration. Tuesday Afternoon February 28, 1922 The allied groups, each in its own fash- ion, will discuss building operations and equipment as applied to particular interests. National Association of Secondary School Principals—Ball Room, Hotel La Salle. National Society of College Teachers of Ed- ucation—Ball Room, Auditorium Hotel. Department of Rural Education—Florentine Room, Congress Hotel. City Training School Section—Red Room, Hotel La Salle. Department of Elementary School Princi- pals—Ball Room, Morrison Hotel. National Association of Directors of Educa- tional Research—Gold Room, Congress Hotel. National Association of High School Super- visors and Inspectors—Banquet Room, Auditorium Hotel. National Council of Education—Ball Room, Hotel Sherman. Department of Vocatienai Room, Hotel La Salle. Education—E ast Tuesday Evening February 28, 1922 National Society for the Study of Educa- tion—Joint meeting with the Depart- ment of Superintendence in the Audi- torium Theatre. National Association of Secondary Schoo! Principals—Ball Room, Hotel La Salle. Department of Rural Education—Florentine Room, Congress Hotel. National Council of Education—Ball Room, Hotel Sherman. Wednesday Morning March 1, 1922 An analytic study of the process of financ- ing education on an economic as well as social basis. In charge of Dr. Thomas E. Finegan, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 11:00 A. M.—6:00 P. M., ballot boxes open for voting. ae ah H 38 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ERLE PRUNTY, President of the National Association of Sec- ondary School Principals, which will meet at Chicago, February 27 to March 2. Mr. Prunty is principal of the Cen- tral High School, of Tulsa, Oklahoma. Wednesday Noon March 1, 1922 Department of Superintendence—Luncheon Meeting A study of the advancement in the tech- nique of education. In charge of Mr. J. W. Studebaker, Superintendent of Schools, Des Moines, lowa. Wednesday Afternoon March 1, 1922 National Association of Secondary School Principals—Ball Room, La Salle Hotel. National Society of College Teachers of Ed- ucation—Ball Room, Auditorium Hotel. Department of Elementary School Princi- pals—Ball Room, Morrison Hotel. National Association of Directors of Educa- tional Research—Gold Room, Congress Hotel. National Council of State Departments of Education—Pine Room, Stratford Hotel. National Association of High School Super- visors and Inspectors—Banquet Room, Auditorium Hotel. Department of Rural Education—Florentine Room, Congress Hotel. National Council of Education—Ball Room, Hotel Sherman. Department of Vocational Education—East Room, Hotel La Salle. Wednesday Evening March 1, 1922 Department of Superintendence This evening will be given over to college to the regular college dinners, an intercol- to the regular college dinners, an inter col- legiate dinner will be given under the man- agement of Mr. Frank Cody. Tables will be arranged for all colleges not holding dinners of their own. A program of espe- cial interest is under preparation. This evening is in charge of Mr. Frank Cody, Superintendent of Schools, Detroit, Michi- gan. Thursday Morning March 2, 1922 Department of Superintendence This program will set up the ideals to be achieved by public education. Dr. W. O. Thompson, President of Ohio State Uni- versity, will make the opening address. Final business session. Thursday Afternoon March 2, 1922 National Association of Directors of Educa- tional Research—Gold Room, Congress Hotel. National Association of Secondary School Principals—Ball Room, Hotel La Salle. Department of Rural Education—Florentine Room, Congress Hotel. Superintendents of Cities under 25,000o—Ball Room, Blackstone Hotel. Superintendents of Cities 25,000 to 100,000— Ball Room, Auditorium Hotel. Superintendents of Cities 100,000 to 250,000— Ball Room, Hotel Sherman. Superintendents of Cities 250,000 to 450,000— Pine Room, Stratford Hotel. Superintendents of Cities over 450,000— Green Room, Congress Hotel. Round Table of County Superintendents— Florentine Room, Congress Hotel. Thursday Evening March 2, 1922 National Association of Directors of Educa- tional Research—Florentine Room, Con- gress Hotel. International Kindergarten Room, Congress Hotel. Union—Gold HE NATIONAL Council of Educa- tion will meet at the Sherman House, Chicago, Monday afternoon, February 27, Tuesday afternoon and evening, February 28, and Wednesday 1922. Addresses will be given by Hon. John J. Tigert, U. Miss Charl Ormond Williams, President of afternoon, March 1, S. Commissioner of Education; the National Education Association; Supt. R. G. Jones, President of the Department of Superintendence; Mrs. Josephine Corliss Preston, Vice-President of the National Coun- cil of Education, and Homer H. Seerley, President of the National Council of Educa- tion. January, 1922 Reports are promised by Committee on Changes Needed in Elementary School Courses, Katherine Blake, Chairman; by Committee on State Administration of Schools, C. P. Cary, Chairman; by Commit- tee on Rural Education, John F. Sims, Chair- man; by Committee on The Status of the American Woman ‘Teacher, Anna Laura Force, Chairman; by Committee on Con- tinuity of Education, J. M. Gwinn, Chair- man; by Committee on Teaching Democracy, A. Duncan Yocum, Chairman; by Committee on American Teachers Colleges, Charles McKenny, Chairman; by Committee on Re- organization of Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Grades, Charles H. Judd, Chairman; by Committee on Educational Surveys, A. E. Winship, Chairman; by Committee on Char- acter Education, Milton Bennion, Chairman; by Committee on Health Problems, Thomas D. Wood, Chairman; by Committee on Par- ticipation of Teachers in School Manage- ment, Harlan Updegraff, Committee on Vocational Education, Ade- laide Steele Baylor, Chairman; by Commit- tee on Adult Illiteracy, Mrs. Cora Wilson Stewart, Chairman; by Committee on Gradu- ate Education, W. A. Jessup, Chairman. Chairman; by The report on State Administration of Schools is announced as a final report and that of Changes Needed in Elementary School Courses, as a semi-final report. The officers are: President, Homer H. Seerley, Cedar Falls, Iowa; Vice-President, D. SHANKLAND, Secretary of e the Department of Superintend- ence. Mr. Shankland is president of The Andrews Institute for Girls, Wil- loughby, Ohio, and also treasurer and executive secretary of the North-Eastern Ohio Teachers’ Association. Ce ee Soe eerrennraeamteceerpenin ee on 01 by of \it- ir- the Ira n- cy, tee les Xe- ath lit- son du- of ind ary H. ont, of nd- of 7 j1- ind ern ET TREN TES ES hh SR Tim | rammSETR Y 8 pes SS cmon eam Vol. 11, No. 1 Josephine Corliss Preston, Olympia, Wash- ington; Secretary, Adelaide Steele Washington, D. C. Baylor, HE DEPARTMENT of Rural Edu- cation will hold conferences on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday after- neons and Tuesday evening, February 27 to March 2d. The Monday afternoon session will be de- voted to a general discussion ‘of leadership and achievement in rural education with ad- Miss Charl Ormond Williams, President of the National Education Associa- dresses by tion, Dr. Ernest Burnham, of Michigan, and others. afternoon will be Tuesday assigned to a discussion of the rural high school and Tuesday evening to a presentation of the same theme through motion-picture reels. At this time, views of the consolidated rural high schools of Colorado will be shown, and three reels also from the Consolidated Rural School at Chazy, New York. Wednesday devoted to section meetings. afternoon, March 1, will be Five sections will meet as follows: Section I. State Super- of Rural Schools— Section II. County and Rural School Ill. Rural Normal IV. Vocational Workers. Consolidated visors and Instructors Congress Hotel at 2 p. m. Superintendents Super- visors. Section Direct- Directors and *Section V. Vil- School ors. Section Rural Extension lage and Principals. For each of these sections programs are now well under way and able discussions are guaranteed. The closing session of the department on Thursday afternoon, March 2, will be de- EE L. DRIVER, Chairman of the Association's Committee on County Superintendents’ Problems, is director of the Bureau of Rural Education, State Department of Public Instruction, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. voted to an outstanding address by a na- tional leader in rural education and to the This meeting will be held in conjunction with the business activities of the department. County Superintendents’ Section of the De- partment of Superintendence. In this way all rural interests of the association will be co-ordinated in one strong concluding ses- sion, The ofhcers are: President, Dr. Ernest Burnham, State Normal School, Kalamazoo, Michigan; Vice-President, J. C. Muerman, U. §. Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C.; Secretary, Mabel Carney, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City. ATIONAL Association of High School Supervisors and Inspectors will hold two sessions, Tuesday, February and Wednesday, March 1, at Both sessions will be in the Banquet Hall of the Auditorium Hotel. 28, at 2 p. m. 2 p. m. A program for constructive work on the part of super- visors and inspectors is being prepared, and further details will be announced later. The officers are: President, H. A. Hollis- ter, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Secretary, J. B. Edmonson, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. “T HE NATIONAL Association of Sec- ondary School Principals will hold its meetings on Monday and Tuesday after- Tuesday and Wednesday and Thursday February 27 to The consideration Fundamental Responsibilities of a Principal, 2. What Round Table Discussions, 5s. noons, evening, afternoons, March 2. subjects for will be: 1. Democratized Procedure, 3. Next in Secondary Education? 4. Committee Re- ports and Discussions. Four committees have been appointed, one to report on the distribution of students’ time, one to standardize teachers’ marks, one to standardize the school requirements for high- graduation, and one to standardize the best methods of office procedure. The officers are: Merle Prunty, Principal of Central High School, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Vice-President, William A. Wetzel, Prin- cipal of Trenton High School, Trenton, New Jersey; Secretary, H. V. Church, Principal of J. Sterling Morton High School, Cicero, T}linois. ATIONAL Association of Deans cf Women will hold their annual meeting in the Blackstone Hotel, Chicago, February 23 to 25. i hag INTERNATIONAL Kindergar- ten Union will hold a meeting Thurs- at 8 o’clock, in the Gold Room of Congress Hotel. The topic, “What Should We Hold selves Responsible to Attain in the Kinder- discussed. Miss The International Kindergarten Union and Miss Alice Temple day evening, March 2, Objectives Our- garten?’’, will be Luella Palmer is president of is chairman of the program committee. CHE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpUCATION AssocIATION 39 McCLENAHAN, President 7 e of the National Council of State Departments of Education, which will meet in Chicago with the Department of Superintendence. Mr. McClenahan is State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion for lowa. HE NORMAL-SCHOOL Presidents will meet in Chicago during the last week in February. Their program will be announced later. THE NATIONAL Council of Primary Education will meet February 27. The usual luncheon. will be served at noon fol- The Com- Matter and Method is making a study of the Content of a Term’s Work. for discussion. lowed by an afternoon meeting. mittee on Subject Their report will be the chief topic In this study the Council is coéperating with the Bureau of Education in gathering and tabulating information. Ignorance is the weakest protection possible to innocence.—Selected. He who dare not be misunderstood never says anything worth understand- ing.—Selected. Strength is largely a matter of discover ing allies —Selected. By six qualities may a fool be known: anger without profit, change without motive, inquiry without cause, speech without an object, trust in a stranger, and incapacity to distinguish between friend and foe.—Selected. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpuCATION ASSOCIATION IN THE FIELD THE SUM OF FOUR MILLION dollars to aid in paying teachers’ salaries was made available by the 1921 legislature in Massachusetts. The revenue was derived from income taxes. THE GREAT EXTENT of university ex- tension in a typical State is set forth in Bulletin Serial No. 1090 of the Ex- tension Division of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Among the services described are municipal ref- erence libraries and the lending of mo- tion-picture films. THe Mertropotitan Museum OF ART makes its enormous resources avail- able to the children in the New York City schools. Teachers wishing a de- scription of this work should write Mr. Henry W. Kent, secretary of the Metro- politan Museum of Art, New York, N. Y. i THE WASHINGTON EpuUCATION As- SOCIATION in coGperation with the State Parent-Teachers’ Association is making plans to initiate a measure to increase State aid from twenty to thirty dollars per census child. The State Education Association voted at its recent meeting to ask each teacher to contribute one dollar toward a campaign fund. The move- ment will be directed by Mr. Ralph W. Swetman, of Ellensburg, who is the as- sociation’s retiring president. Worp comes from Mr. A. T. Allen, secretary of the North Carolina Teachers’ Assembly, that a full-time secretary will be employed beginning January 1. Mr. Cuartes F. Pys, secretary of the Iowa State Teachers’ Association, reports a budget of $27,740.37 for that association for the year 1921-22. The largest single item of expenditure is the printing of the association’s official organ, Midland Schools, for which the sum of $6600 is provided. Mr. James Nose Rute, National Director of the Junior Red Cross for the past two years, has recently taken up work in the Department of Public Instruction in Pennsylvania. He is suc- ceeded by Mr. Arthur W. Dunn, who has been assistant director under Mr. Rule. THe AMERICAN AcaApEMy of Po- litical and Social Science announces a volume dealing with The Ethics of the Professions for publication in May. This Th) . volume will be of special interest to offi- cers of teachers’ organizations, many of which are now working on codes of pro- fessional ethics. Copies may be ob- tained from the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 36th and Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania. LUXURIES CONSUMED IN 1920 Cosmetics $750,000,000 300,000,000 ree ree Toilet soaps Cigarettes Cigars Tobacco and snuff 350,000,000 400,000,000 800,000,000 510,000,000 800,000,000 Jewelry Luxurious service Chewing gum 500,000,000 3,000,000,000 50,000,000 THE WASHINGTON EpucaTIon As- SOCIATION at its meeting in Bellingham on October 28th adopted resolutions urging the creation of a Federal Depart- ment of Education with a Secretary in the President’s Cabinet, and endorsing the Nation-wide program of the Na- tional Education Association, particularly with reference to the improvement of the rural schools. SUPERINTENDENT W. H. Kirk, of East Cleveland, Ohio, has been elected President of the Ohio State Teachers’ Association for the coming year. SOME SALARIES OF TEXAS superin- tendents, as given in The Journal of Education for November 3, are as fol- lows: Austin, $4200; Beaumont, $6000 ; Cleburne, $4000; Dallas, $7200; El Paso, $4500; Fort Worth, $5600; Gal- veston, $4800; Houston, $6000; Tem- ple, $4000; Waco, $4800; San Antonio, $6000; Wichita Falls, $5000. THE CENTRAL Coast and the North Coast sections of the California Teach- ers’ Association voted at their recent meeting to increase membership dues to $5 effective in 1923. ScHOOL AND SOCIETY announces the addition to its editorial staff of Dr. W. Carson Ryan, Jr., Professor of Edu- cation at Swarthmore College, and Ray- mond Walters, Dean of Swarthmore College. This arrangement is designed to allow the editor and founder of this . January, 1922 excellent magazine, Dr. J. McKeen Cattell, time to take up special work in psychological organization and research. A NEW MEDICAL COLLEGE has been opened in Pekin, China. The faculty is composed of specialists from the United States, Europe, and’ China. The scien- tific practice of medicine is greatly re- tarded by the ancient beliefs of the na- tives who still hold that illness is a visi- tation of higher powers and a punish- ment for sin. TWENTY-FIVE FELLOWSHIPS will be offered during 1922-23 for, open com- petition among graduates of American colleges by the Society for American Field Service Fellowships for French Universities. Applicants must have a working use of French. Dr. I. L. Kan- del, 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., will answer any inquiries. THE Present Status or Music INSTRUCTION IN COLLEGES AND HIGH ScHOOLs, 1919-20, is the report of a study made by the U. S. Bureau of Edu- cation and a joint committee of the Na- tional Education Association, the Music Teachers’ National Association, and Music Supervisors’ National Conference. Copies may be had by asking the Bureau of Educatioh, Washington, D. C., for Bulletin 1921, No. 9. THe Caprrot Eye, a new magazine published in. Washington, D. C., dis- cusses in parallel columns the pros and cons of pending National legislation. The December number features the Towner-Sterling bill, to establish a De- partment of Education; the Fess-Capper bill, for the promotion of physical edu- cation; and the Myers bill, to exempt dogs from vivisection. ; Tue \U. §. DEPARTMENT OF Com- MERCE, through the Bureau of the Census, gives statistics of school at- tendance from the returns of the Four- teenth Decennial Census, taken as of January 1, 1920. ‘The total population 5 to 20: years of age, inclusive, enumer- ated in continental United States, num- bered 33,250,870. Of this number, 21,373,976 attended school at some time between September 1, 1919, and Janu- ary 1, 1920. The total population 7 to 13 years of age, 15,306,793, included 13,869,010 children attending school. The percentage attending school among the population 5 to 20 years of age in- creased from 59.2 for 1910 to 64.3 for 1920; and the corresponding percentage for children 7 to 13 years of age in- creased from 86.1 for the earlier to 90.6 for the later year. PiTTSBURGH PROVIDES night schools and commercial centers, afford- forty amen nae sen eee isi- an an ich a an- ee SIC GH a du- N a- Isic ind ice. eau for ‘ine dis- and on. the De- per du- npt 2M - the at- yur- of tion ner- um- ber, ime inu- ] to ded ool. ong in- for tage in- 90.6 ight ord- Vol. 11, No. 1 ing opportunity for 20,000 adults from three to five nights each week. A WORKABLE LIST of educational motion-picture films, selected by the Na- tional Board of Review, is published in The Inter-Mountain Educator for No- vember. The list includes films on zoology, biology, and botany. This and other lists may be obtained for 25 cents each by writing The National Board of Review at 70 Fifth Avenue, New York, _-t. A SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS on Educa- tional Progress is being published by Houghton, Mifflin Company. These monographs are planned to acquaint teachers with new educational move- ments. The first monograph, Sifent and Oral Reading in the Elementary School, appeared in November. PROGRESS IN COUNTY-LIBRARY WORK is shown in the report of the Monterey (California) County Library. This in- stitution cost in 1920 nearly $12,000 more than when it was established in 1914. Then it had eleven branches and 1942 books; now it contains over ninety branches and more than thirty thousand books. SCHOLARSHIPS IN CONTINUATION schools to the extent of twenty thousand dollars annually are provided in an act of the 1921 Wisconsin legislature. A sixteen-page report describing the ad- ministration of these scholarships may be had from the State Board of Educa- tion in Madison, Wisconsin. The Board will experiment during the present year to determine the effectiveness of the use of the scholarship fund as a loan fund. OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDY AT AMERICAN GRADUATE SCHOOLS, by George F. Zook and Samuel P. Capen, describes the organization of education in the United States, explains the work of The Association of American Uni- versities, and gives in detail the offerings of graduate work at twenty-eight uni- versities and colleges. Copies may be had by asking the Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C., for Bulletin, 1921, No. 6. THE RELATION OF THE PRINCIPAL TO THE TEACHER, AND STANDARDS FOR JupGING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING, by Olive M. Jones, is the leading article in School and Society -for November 26th. Tue Kansas State TEACHERS As- SOCIATION has appointed a_ Research Committee to assist the State School Code Commission. A STUDY OF THE ACADEMIC AND PRO- FESSIONAL PREPARATION of all teachers of high-school subjects in the eighteen States comprising the association, is be- ing made by the Commission on Second- ary Education of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. THE FORMAL INSTALLATION of Dr. David Kinley, President of the Univer- sity of Illinois, took place on Decem- ber Ist. CHARLES FRANKLIN THWING, Presi- dent of Western Reserve University and | ~Bu bietine tan . - THE UNITED States (AE GOVERNMENT THRoucH | MPR THE POST Office pe- Fae PARTMENT, OFFERS Youlgrt | POSTAL SAVINGS |, | FOR THE DEPOsSE.s HE GOVERNMENT makes it easy for every man, woman, and child to practice thrift. Ten cents will buy a postal savings stamp and one dol- lar will open a savings account or buy a treasury savings stamp. Treasury certifi- cates bearing attractive interest may also be had in denominations of $25, $100, and $1000. Such securities can always be converted into cash in an emergency. Write Mr. Orrin C. Lester, Acting Di- rector, Division of Savings, Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. or see your local postmaster for full informa- tion. Adelbert College, of Cleveland, Ohio, for thirty-two years, resigned recently. In his retirement address Dr. Thwing reviewed the period of his presidency, emphasizing especially the development of democracy in the administration of higher education. Tue Micnuican State NorMAL CoLLEGE at Ypsilanti publishes a monthly magazine called The American School Master. SHALL THE STATE PAY the expenses of teachers during their period of train- ing? This and related problems are dis- cussed in State Maintenance for Teach- ers in Training, by Walter Scott Hert- zog, recently published by Warwick & York, Baltimore, Maryland, at $1.60. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION 41 Tue Housinc AND EQUIPMENT OF KINDERGARTENS is the subject of Bulle- tin, 1921, No. 13, recently published by the Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. THE TASK OF TRAINING American citizens under the conditions that have followed the war is discussed in the re- port of Mr. G. W. Gerwig, Secretary of the Board of Public Education, Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania. Copies of the re- port may be had from Mr. Gerwig. THE INTERNATIONAL CORRESPOND- ENCE ScHOOoLs of Scranton, Pennsyl- vania, publish an attractive educational magazine called Trained Men, edited by Mr. D. C. Vandercook. Leading articles in the December number are de- voted to the problem of increased reve- nues for education and the task of bringing together the worlds of business and education. AMERICAN EpucCATION WEEK was enthusiastically celebrated in the Terri- tory of Hawaii, according to a letter from Mr. Vaughan MacCaughey, Ter- ritorial Superintendent of Public In- struction. TeExTsooxs have a most important place in American educational practice. The Selection of Text Books, by Dean Maxwell of the College of Education of the University of Wyoming, was re- cently published by Houghton, Mifflin Company in the Riverside Educational Monographs. SCORES OF ORGANIZATIONS have pub- lished special circulars and bulletins to promote American Education Week. AMERICAN EpucaTion WEEK has been featured in various issues of the American Legion Weekly. The issue of November 25th contains especially use- ful suggestions and programs. PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, has or- ganized as a local branch of the Pennsyl- vania State Education Association, with a one hundred per cent enrolment of its 2631 teachers. Allegheny County also has a one hundred per cent enrolment of its 1965 teachers. AT A RECENT MEETING the Educa- tional Association of western Pennsyl- vania decided to form a convention dis- trict to hold meetings under the auspices of the State association. THE ScHoot CommMITTEE of the city of Boston has selected Dr. Jeremiah E. Burke, who was Assistant Superintend- ent, to succeed the late Dr. Frank V. Thompson. THE OFFICERS OF THE MAINE TEACHERS’ AssociaTION for 1921-22 are: president, Principal G. Herbert Foss, Fort Fairfield ; vice-president, Miss 42 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Helen M. King, Portland; secretary, Mr. Adelbert W. Gordon, Augusta; treasurer, Superintendent True C. Mor- rill, Bangor; assistant secretary, Miss Carolyn G. Colvin, University of Maine, Orono; auditor, Principal H. W. Mann, Maine School of Commerce, Auburn; member of executive com- mittee for three years, Principal John C. Parlin, Albion. A UNIQUE EFFORT to bring rural schools up to reasonable standards of performance is 4n Index Number for District School Systems of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. This pamphlet, published by Assistant Superintendent J. M. Schrope, follows the method used by Colonel Ayers in comparing the effectiveness of State school systems. THE CHILDREN’S BurEAU of the De- partment of Labor has called a con- ference of persons interested in the ad- ministration of child labor laws to meet in Boston during the meeting of the National Education Association next July. The President of the National Education Association has appointed a committee to codperate with the Chil- dren’s Bureau in conducting the con- ference. Mrs. Mary D. Bradford, formerly Superintendent of Schools, Kenosha, Wisconsin, is chairman of the committee. LEAVENWORTH, Kansas, has voted $450,000 school bonds to provide for a system of Junior High Schools, includ- ing five or six fire-proof buildings. AN ANALYysIs OF 100 cases of unem- ployed ex-soldiers in New York showed that 75 per cent were unskilled and of those 80 per cent were illiterate. Such was the testimony of Harry D. Jacobs, President of the Ex-Service Men’s Un- employment Bureau in New York, given before the Unemployment Conference Committee in Washington. RGANIZED. EDUCATION has hardly tapped the intellectual and spiritual energies of youth. These young people have ambitions which are _in- finitely precious. To a large degree our ability to meet successfully the baffling social problems of our present civiliza- tion rests upon our utilization of these energies and ambitions. The future de- pends largely upon our young people. If they are given an opportunity to pre- pare themselves, not only will they play their part courageously, but they will bring a high degree of genius to the solution of the most intricate problems humanity has ever been called on to face—Harry M. Moore, in the School Review. | NOTES and ANNOUNCEMENTS - The beginning of a new year is prop- erly a time for taking inventories. It serves as a milestone in the onward march of spiritual as well as of material prog- ress. The year 1921 has been a year of uncertainties in almost every field of activity. Humanity seems to have been going through ‘a sobering-up process after the orgies that followed the war. There are evidences that the huge sel- fishness that was the aftermath of war is loosening its grip and that people are settling down to attack with spirit the problems of the period of reconstruction. This period will be shortened in pro- portion as every individual citizen de- votes himself unselfishly to the task of rendering the maximum service. The ideal of service is the very heart of any code of professional ethics. Mr. Arthur Pound, the author of a significant series of articles in the Atlantic Monthly, be- lieves that this professional ideal is find- ing a place of rapidly increasing impor- tance in business and industrial manage- ment. Perhaps this recognition of the service ideal has sprung from the influ- ence of high-minded teachers on school children. The new year may well be a time of renewed dedication to the great ideals that underlie democracy which free public education exists to perpetuate. The Journal starts on its second year with more than three times the number of pages contained in the issue of Jan- uary, 1921, and twice as many pages as it has had in any previous issue. This enlarged service is made possible by the increased faith of advertisers in the future of THE JoURNAL and by the en- thusiastic support that the members of the Association have given its campaigns for the enlistment of the profession. The officers of the Association are eager to make THE JouRNAL truly representa- tive of the new era in education. Sug- gestions looking to its further improve- ment will be received gratefully. The State Director as the Associa- tion’s official representative in each State is looked to for leadership in matters professional. The success of member- ship drives and of the Association’s work depends largely upon the efforts of the + State directors. THE JOURNAL and the officers of the Association appreciate the faithful service of the State directors and bespeak a year of growth for pro- fessional organization in 1922. American Education Week has been received with a degree of enthusiasm not expected by its warmest advocates. The movement to celebrate such a week has earned a permanent place not only in the programs of the National Education As- sociation and the American Legion, but also in the plans of hundreds of other organizations, whose officers have de- voted much time and thought to the enterprise. “The movement will more and more become an effort of the laity rather than of the profession itself. The part which pupils, teachers, school executives, and educational associations will play will come more and more to be an incidental one, leaving the chief responsibility with the many lay organi- zations whose leaders recognize that the success of democratic government de- pends upon the intelligence of its citi- zenship. Hotel reservations for the meeting of the Department of Superintendence in Chicago should be made through Mr. M. G. Hogge, Chairman of the Hous- ing Committee, 650 South Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois. Plans are now well under way for the commercial exhibit at the time of the Chicago meeting. The exhibit will be held in the Joseph Leiter build- ing, which is centrally located. It promises to be the largest and most in- teresting exhibit yet held. The Field Secretary, Mr. Hugh S. Magill, returned on December 5 from an extended trip through the central and. Pacific-coast States. He _ reports great enthusiasm for professional or- ganization and appreciation of the serv- ice of the National Education Associa- tion. An Illiteracy Conference of the East- ern States was held at the Waldorf- Astoria in New York City on Novem- ah i nd ite rO- en 10t 1as the \s- yut 1er de- the ore ity lf. ool ons to lief ni- the de- iti- ing nce ir. us- eet, yay ime ibit ild- tral yrts or- TV- cia- ast- orf- Vol. 11, No. 1 ber 25 and 26, by the Association’s II- literacy Commission, of which Mrs. Cora Wilson Stewart is chairman. This was the first of four conferences which the Commission will hold in different sec- tions of the country. The Conference recommended State and Federal legisla- tion to remove illiteracy in the shortest time possible and endorsed the Towner- Sterling bill, whose objects are to estab- lish a Department of Education in the Federal Government and to provide continue until late next summer. new department. Under existing conditions, the National -Education Association is con- Present Status of Towner-Sterling Bill HE FIRST REGULAR SESSION of the Sixty-seventh Congress convened on Monday, December 5, the special session called by Presi- dent Harding on April 11 having adjourned on Wednesday, November 23. The special session was necessarily devoted largely to measures emphasized by the President when he called Congress in extraordinary session. regular session will be free to consider general legislation, and will probably The Towner-Sterling bill, as introduced at the opening of the special session last April, is recognized as one of the most important measures now before the Committees on Education of the Senate and House. because of the impending reotganization of the Executive Departments, Congress is not likely to take action on any of the pending bills providing for Federal aid and Federal codperation until it shall be definitely known under what department the administration of the proposed act would come in the reorganized Executive Departments. It is conceded that the reorganization plans will be pressed by President Harding and by Congress, and it can be stated on good authority that a Department of Education, or a Department of Education and Welfare in which education shall be the dominant element, will be established. A person prominent in administrative circles, who previously favored a De- partment of Welfare, recently conceded that educatidn should be given “primary recognition,” as persistently advocated by the National Educa- tion Association and other friends of education, and interpreted “primary recognition” to mean that education should be named in the title of the THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 43 Federal aid for the removal of illiteracy and other grave educational needs. The American Legion has added the name of Miss Charl Ormond Wil- liams to the Joint Advisory Committee on American Education Week, and the National Education Association has added the name of the National Com- mander of the Legion. The committee is now composed of: J. M. Gwinn, chairman, superintendent of schools, New Orleans, La.; Lindsey Blayney, The However, centrating its efforts on securing proper recognition for education in the reorganization of the Executive Departments. Friends of education every- where are urged to write or telegraph to the members of the Reorganization Committee: Senators Reed Smoot, James W. Wadsworth, Pat Harrison; Congressmen C. Frank Reavis, Henry W. Temple, W. R. Moore; and Walter F. Brown, chairman, representing the President, urging that pri- of America. be vigorously pressed. mary recognition be given education in order that it may render the high- est possible service in the development and training of the future citizens Support of the Towner-Sterling bill as a whole will be continued, and as soon as the Department is established, the features of the bill making provision for Federal aid to the States for the promotion of education will Notwithstanding the fears of the faint-hearted, those in close touch with the situation are confident of ultimate success. Rice Institute, Houston, Tex. ; Anna M. Tibbets, Fargo College, Fargo, N. D.; Ambrose Cort, Public School No. 73, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Robert H. Wright, East Carolina Teachers’ Training School, Greenville, N. C.; F. O. Nor- ton, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa; William M. Davidson, superin- tendent of schools, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Charl Ormond Williams, president of the National Education Association, Memphis, Tenn.; and Hanford Mac- Nider, National Commander of the American Legion, Mason City, Lowa. The committee will start early next year to make plans for an even greater American Education Week including specific programs for each day of the week, suggested activities for various co- éperating organizations, and important facts about educational needs. Immigrant Education—The following officers have been named for the new Department of Immigrant Education, created by .the Representative Assembly at Des Moines: President, William C. Smith, supervisor of immigrant educa- tion, State department of education, Albany, New York; secretary, Grace M. Shepherd, department of education, Northwest Missouri State Teachers’ College, Maryville, Missouri. At the meeting of the Executive Committee on September 30, Mrs. Helen T. Hixson, head of the Depart- ment of Records and Accounts, recom- mended that the membership year of the Association be made to coincide with the calendar year. ‘The Committee author- ized Mrs. Hixson and the Secretary to make a thorough study of the various considerations involved in the proposal. and to submit a report at its February meeting. Changed addresses cause many copies of THE JOURNAL to be missent. Over 7000 members of the Association changed their addresses last year with- out notifying headquarters. Members who change their place of residence should _ promptly notify headquarters, giving both the old and the new address. On the invitation of the President of the Association, Dr. A. O. Thomas, chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, spent a part of December in Washington in conference with repre- sentatives of various foreign govern- ments, looking toward the proposed In- ternational Congress of Education. ET IT NOT BE forgotten that the printed page and the ability to read it with understanding and apprecia- tion, is about all that keeps us from sliding back into savagery. Legend is soon spent if not recorded; and hear-say becomes too distorted to be of great value. Our civilization depends upon our ability to build upon the founda- tions of the past; and especially are our democracies dependent upon the under- standing of past human experiences— and only by reading can we hope to get accurate information of the success and failures, the heights and the depths, the joys and despairs, of those who have been long gone.—Miss M. Dalton, in South- ern School Journal. EACHERS ORGANIZATIONS, such as the N. E. A., State, and local associations will, I believe, be the educa- tional policy-determining forces of the future in the United States—Dean Smith of Indiana University, Blooming- ton, Indiana. ° PEAKING OF ENEMIES, don’t have them. Don’t fight. Don’t get even. Ignore. Life is too short for grudges and vengeance. Go on. Let the other fellow stew. You keep sweet. Nothing can punish him worse. If a man doesn’t like you, keep away from him. It’s a large roomy world. And, thank God, there is always another side of the street.—Frank Crane. HE “NEW” NATIONAL Edv- cation Association is a federated body made up of affiliated State and local associations. With all due respect for what this organization has achieved “in the past, it is no exaggeration to say that its real period of usefulness has just begun. Being tied up to the local and State associations as it now is, it cannot help but wield a mighty influence toward unifying all our educational ef- forts and will develop a national con- sciousness in education that will result in placing our Nation in the very front rank educationally—H. V. Hornung, President of the Detroit Teachers’ As- sociation, Detroit, Michigan. Education is the developing of the power to behave successfully under vary- ing emergencies.—Selected. Habit is a cable; we weave a thread of it each day and it becomes so strong we cannot break it.—Horace Mann. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION January, 1922 ; - . = - - I LL OUR ADVERTISERS D. APPLETON AND CoMPANY have just published in book form the play that won the $1000 Pulitzer Prize at Columbia University as this year’s finest American play, thus making it available for high-school use. ‘The book contains forewords by authori- ties on the drama and both of the endings used on the stage. THE UNIverRsiTy OF CHICAGO Press has recently published four books of unusual significance to educators: A Source Book for the Economic Geography of North America, by Charles C. Colby; An Introduction to the Science of Sociology, by Rob- ert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess; The Financial Organization of So- ciety, by H. G. Moulton; and Busi- ness Administration, by L. C. Mar- shall. These volumes with others will be on exhibit at the Department of Superintendence at Chicago. Dr. ArtHUR S. Oris, the inventor of the group method of mental testing and the author of the Otis Group Intelligence Scale, is now with of Test Service. In this capacity World Book Company as Director Dr. Otis will offer assistance to per- sons using or planning to use stand- ard tests. Tue New Wor _p, by Dr. Isaiah Bow- man, a book dealing with the eco- nomic, political, and geographic sta- tus of the world today, has recently been published by World Book Com- pany. In the New York Times Book Review Mr. Maurice Francie Fagan said of this volume: “There seems to be no question concerning the foreign affairs of this moment that is not satisfactorily touched on by Dr. Bowman.” Tue Rosert LinpBLom HicH SCHOOL planned by Architect A. F. Hus- sander, is the latest new public high school in Chicago. It is three stories high, with exterior of gray pressed brick and stoné trimmings and of en- tirely fireproof construction. It has accommodations for approximately 3000 pupils. In addition to class- rooms, laboratories, and shops, it has an assembly hall, a boys’ gymnasium, a girls’ gymnasium, and a swimming pool. THE PROCEEDINGS of the Conference on the Limitation of Armaments are be- ing recorded by Frank R. Hanna and Herman N. Pechin in Pitman’s shorthand. ‘The selection of these experts by the Secretary of State in- dicates the importance of shorthand in the machinery of every-day official and business life. Mopern APPLIED ARITHMETIC, by Neely and Killius, is one of the new books published by Blakiston’s, of Philadelphia, which has received wide approval. The book is designed to re- vitalize the common-school subjects. ENJAMIN J. BURRIS was ap- pointed to succeed Mr. L. N. Hines on October 1, 1921, as State Su- perintendent ef Public Instruction in Indiana. on be- ina in’s lese in- and cial 1ew N. | Su- 2 in ee - Vol. 11, No. 1 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpUCATION ASSOCIATION Poise begins at the feet S HOSTESS in your own home, your poise, the most desirable of social graces and .your attentive interest in others which causes friends to call you charming—these depend a lot upon comfortable footwear. IIl- fitting shoes, forever nagging one, are on your mind and spoil your conversational ability. As hostess and as guest, at tea or the theater, shopping, working or walking, you feel comfortably shod and more at your ease in Cantilever Shoes. Free from the foot-strain which you may have experienced in other shoes, your mind will be easier, livelier and your manner more charming. Trim boots, smart oxfords, it is easy to feel and look your best in Cantilever lasts. Cantilevers are pat- terned upon the lines of the foot. They are graceful, comfortable shoes. There is toe room without cumbrous width. The smart heels are set to establish good posture, which medical authorities proclaim essen- tial to good health. A flexible shank allows the foot perfect freedom. No concealed steel shank-piece restricts the movement of the muscles. In Cantilevers the feet grow supple and healthy because the muscles exercise as you walk. Circulation is stimulated. Foot troubles, poor carriage, nervousness and fatigue are banished if you wear Cantilever Shoes. Try them on, at one of the stores listed at the right. If none of these dealers is near you, write the manufacturers, Morse&BurtCo.,10 Carl- ton Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., for an interesting shoe booklet and the ad- dress of a nearby dealer. antilever Shoe Cantilever Stores Akron—11 Orpheum Arcade Albany—15-17 N. Pearl St. Altoona—Bendheim's, 1302—11th Ave. Asbury Park—Best Shoe Co. Asheville—Anthony Bros, Atlanta—Carliton Shoe & Clo. Co. Austin—Cari H. Mueller Baltimore—325 No. Charles St. Battle Creek—Bahlman's Bootery Bay City—D. Bendall Co. a Birmingham—z219 North 19th St. Boston—Jordan Marsh Co. Bridgeport—W. K. Mollan Brooklyn— 414 Fulton St. Buftalo—639 Main St. Butte—Hubert Shoe Co. Charleston—J. F. Condon & Sons Charlotte—221 Piedmont Building Chicago—3o0 E. Randolph St. (Room 502) Cincinnati—Tne McAlpin Co. , Cleveland—Graner-Powers, 1274 EuclidAv. Colorado Springs—M. B. Rich Shoe Co, Columbia, S. C.—Watson Shoe Co. Columbus, O.—The Union Dallas—Leon Kahn Shoe Co. ¥ Davenport—R. M. Neustadt _& Sons Dayton—The Rike-Kumler Co. Denver—A. T. Lewis & Son Des Moines—W. L. White Shoe Co. Detroit—T. ii Jackson, 41 E. Adams Av. Easton—H. Mayer, 427 Northampton St. Elizabeth—Gigl’s, 1053 Elizabeth Ave. Elmira—C. W. O'Shea El Paso—Popular Dry Goods Co. Erie—Weschler Co., 910 State St. Evanston—North Shore Bootery Fitchburg—Wm. C. Goodwin Fort Dodge—Schill & Habenicht Galveston—Fellman's Grand Rapids—Herpolsheimer Co. Greenville, S. C.—Pollock's Harrisburg—Orner's, 24 No. 3rd St. Hartford—86 Pratt St. Houston—Clayton's, 803 Main St. Huntington, W. Va.—McMahon-Diehl Indianapolis—L. S. Ayres & Co. Jackson, Mich.—Palmer Co. Jacksonville—Golden’s Bootery ersey City—Bennett’s, 411 Central Av. ohnstown, Pa.—Zang’s .ansas City, Kan.—Nelson Shoe Co. Kansas City, Mo.—300 Altman B'ld’g. Knoxville—Spence Shoe Co. Lancaster—Frey's, 3 E. King St. Lansing—F. N. Arbaugh Co. Lawrence, Mass.—G. H. Woodman Lincoln—Mayer Bros. Co. Little Rock—Poe Shoe Co., 302 Main St Los Angeles—so5 New Pantages Bidg Louisville—Boston Shoe Co. Lowell—The Bon Marche Macon—The Dannenberg Co. McKeesport—Wnm. F. Sullivan Meridian—Winner, Klein & Co. Milwaukee—Brouwer Shoe Co. Minneapolis—21 Eighth St., South Missoula—Missoula Merc. Co. Mobile—Level Best Shoe Store Montgomery—Campbell Shoe Co. Morristown—G. W. Melick Muncie—Miller’s, 311 So. Walnut St. Nashville—J. A. Meadors & Sons Newark—897 Broad St. (opp. City Hall) New Britain—Sloan Bros. New Haven—153 Court St. (2nd floor) New Rochelle—Ware's New York—22 West 39th St. Norfolk—Ames & Brownley Oklahoma City—The Boot Shop Omaha—1708 Howard St. ™ Passaic—Kroll’s, 37 Lexington Ave. Pawtucket—Evans & Young Philadelphia—1300 Walnut St. Pittsburgh—The Rosenbaum Co. Pittsfield—Fahey's, 234 North St. Plainfield—M. C. Van Arsdale Portland, Me.—Palmer Shoe Co. Portland, Ore.—353 Alder St. Poughkeepsie—Louis Schonberger Providence—The Boston Store Reading—S. S. Schweriner Richmond, Va.—Seymour Sycle Rochester—148 East Ave. Rock Island—Boston Shoe Co. Saginaw—Goeschel-Brater Co. St. Louis—gs16 Arcade Blidg., opp. P. O. Salt Lake City—Walker Bros. Co. San Antonio—Guarantee Shoe Co. San Diego—The Marston Co. San Francisco—Phelan Bldg. (Arcade) San Jose—Hoff & Kayser Santa Barbara—Smith’s Bootery Savannan—Globe Shoe Co. Schenectady—Patton & Hall Seattle—Baxter & Baxter Shreveport—Phelps Shoe Co. Sioux City—The Pelletier Co. Sioux Falls—The Bee Hive South Bend—Ellsworth Store Spokane—The Crescent Springfield, Ill—A. W. Klaholt Springfield, Mass.—Forbes & Wallace Stamford—L. Spelke & Son Syracuse—136 S. Salina St. lacoma—Fidelity Bldg. (8th floor) Terre Haute—Otto C. Hornung Toledo—LaSalle & Koch Co. Trenton—H. M. Voorhees & Bro. Troy—wW. H. Frear & Co. Tulsa—Lyons’ Shoe Store Waco—wavis-Smith Booterie Walla Walla—Gardner & Co. Waltham—Rufus Warren & Sons Washington—13109 F St. Waterbury—Reid & Hughes Co. W heeling—Geo. R. Taylor Co. Wilkesbarre—M. F. Murray Winston-Salem—Clark-West brook Worcester—J. C. MacInnes Co. Yakima—Kohls Shoe Co. Yonkers—Louis Klein, 22 Main St. York—The Bon Ton Youngstowa—PE. McManus Co. Mention Tue Journat when writing our advertisers. THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpUCATION ASSOCIATION Little Lives— Protect Them! Think of the horror of fire. Consider the dreadful toll of death paid by the thousands of unfortunate little souls each year ensnared in death traps with no possible means of escape. [Protect them! Give each precious little life the utmost of safety. Dow Spiral Slide Fire Escapes can save them all. Entire school buildings equipped with Dow Fire Escapes can be emptied of their human contents in less than two minutes. In escaping through a Dow all that is necessary is to slide. Millions have passed through the hundreds now installed without a single mishap. THE DOW CO. ' INCORPORATED 311 Buchanan St., Louisville, Ky. o'teeeius ‘ % > \ ee | J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY’S Exhibits of New Text Books At the FEBRUARY MEETING OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION WILL BE FOUND IN The Leiter Building and The Congress Hotel (State 4 Van Buren) CHICAGO (Michigan & Congress) A cordial invitation is given to inspect these exhibits and to visit our Chicago offices at the ad- dress given below. J. B. Lippincott Company 2126 Prairie Avenue E. Washington Square Chicago Philadelphia The little matter of 25 cts. (coin or stamps) will bring you the Pathfinder 13 weeks on trial. a The Pathfinder is a cheerful illustrated weekly, published at the Nation's center for people every- where; an independeft home paper that tells the story ofthe world's news in an interesting, understandable way. Now in its 29th year. . ae This _— id National a supplies — elt want; it costs but @ year. you Will bring Yo want to know what is going on in the Fi the world, this is your best means. Ifyou want a paper rom in your home which is reliable and wholesome; if 5 you would appreciate a paper which puts everything clearly, strongly, en- | tertainingly, briefly—here it is. Splen- did serial and short stories and miscel- lany. The Question Box Answers YOUR questions and is a mine of information. Send 15 cts. toshow that you might like such a paper and we will send the Pathfinder on probation 43 weeks. The iat OO? Ty 15 cents does not repay us, but we are lad te invest in new ‘riends. Try it for 13 weeks. Address : Pathfinder, 622 Langdon Sta., Washington, D. C. The Fisk Teachers’ Agencies Founded by Everett O. Fisk, 1884 Boston, 2a Park Street Chicago, 814 Steger Bld. New York, 225 Fifth Ave. Kansas City, 1020 McGee St. Syracuse, 402 Dillaye Bldg. Denver, 317 Masonic Bld. Philadelphia, 1420 Chestnut St. Portland, 604 Journal Bld. Pittsburg, 549 Union Arcade Berkeley, 2161 Shattuck Av. Birmingham, 809 Title Bldg. Los Angeles, 510 Spring St. Send to any address above for agency manual Teacher's for Schools Schools for Teachers We serve teachers and schools everywhere— No charge to employers—No fee from teachers till appointed. CAUTION—Do not confuse us with any other National Teachers’ Agency. We are in- corporated and have first right, to use of name. ¢ guarantee personal service. NATIONAL TEACHERS’ AGENCY, D. H. Cook,Gen. Mgr. Offices: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Syracuse DENVER, COLO. Gas and Electric Bldg. CHICAGO, ILL. Peoples Gas Bldg. WESTERN TEACHERS’ £> Orfices Serve You Our Methods are MODERN and PROFESSIONAL Gas and Electric Building, DENVER, COLO. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Summer Session June 19 to August 11 1922 Practical courses for Kindergarten and Primary Grade Teachers. Credit toward diploma. Dormitories on Col- lege Grounds. Observation in Kin- dergarten and Primary Grades of Public Schools and in the College Demonstration School where Project Method is used. Ideal recreations for Summer Students in Chicago. Write the Registrar for Bulletin and Book of Views. National Kindergarten and Elementary College 36th Year . Accredited Box 26 2944 Michigan Blvd. Chicago Temple University PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA The College of Liberal Arts The Teachers College The School of Commerce Schools of Theology, Medi- cine, Law, Dentistry, Phar- macy, Chiropody, Music Training School for Nurses Second Semester Begins February 6, 1922 RUSSELL H. CONWELL, President SEND FOR CIRCULAR RESEARCH UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON, D. C. Home-study and residence courses. school for teachers. Two hundred courses taught by Federal experts. Send for catalogs, and utilize spare time. Louis Win Rapeer, Ph. D., President Summer EXCHANGE BERKELEY, CALIF. Plymouth Bldg. Berkeley Bank Bldg. January, 1922 22 Vol. 11, No. 1 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpUCATION ASSOCIATION A-11 ROBERT LINDBLOM TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL—CHICAGO A. F. HUSSANDER, Architect SCHOOL BUILDING SPECIALIST A. F. HUSS ANDER 25 N. DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO CONSULTING ARCHITECT SERVICES Reom 614 MEMBER NAT'L EDUCATION ASS’N ARCHITECT Telephone, Randolph 2897 Exhibition Booths, Exhibits Operating a j : ARCHITECT and Displays, Designed Nation-wide School Specialist and School Surveys Constructed, Decorated ‘ Ill ted School Le oid Seinatiod: Service ustrate 00 ctures 1353-55 University Ave. St. Paul, Minn. FRANK IRVING COOPER Specialist in Schoolhouse Design 33 CorNHILL - BOSTON, MASS. Chairman N. E. A. Committee on Standardiza- tion of School-house Planning and Construction Wm. B. Ittner, F.A.I.A. Tae Architect and School Specialist Exhibit Board of Education Building Architect SAINT LOUIS MISSOURI 160 N. Wells Street COFFIN & COFFIN Architects 522 Fifth Avenue New York H. &rrol Coffin, B.S.,A.1.A. Specialists in Chicago Kenneth Ford Coffin, B. Arch. the Des: Thomas J. O'Brien = of Schools In charge of the Rugs, Furniture, Exhibits of the N. E. A. Flowers, Plants, LOWINSON and SCHUBERT in Chicago, Feb. 27 Decorations, Etc. Architects and &ngineers to March 3, 1922 Supplied at Low Cost School Buildings 366 Fifth Avenue New York ‘*American”’ Portable Schoolhouses Portable in Name—Permanent in Performance From Maine to Mexico, from Alaska to Florida “American” Portable Schoolhouses are housing the over- flow. In almost every State in ‘the Union they have been in constant use more than twenty years. In some cities these economical, sturdy little buildings have been dis- mantled and rebuilt three, four and five times, saving their cost many times. Average cost, delivered to your city, is less than $1.10 per square foot of floor space. Write for our new catalogue, just off the press. American Portable House Co., 2-ROOM; MODEL No. 216; 3: x 59 FEET. 4096 Arcade Bldg., Seattle, U. S. A. Mention THe Journat when writing our advertisers. A-12 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION AssOcIATION January, 1922 Make your work easier and more efficient The Prime Essential for Teaching DOMESTIC ART The art of sewing and the construction of garments constitute the most important parts of the Domestic Art curriculum, and selecting the right sewing machine is, therefore, the first consideration. The SINGER should, as a matter of course, be pre- ferred because most teachers have become familiar with its use in their college course and it is already installed in most schools throughout the country. For school use these machines are usually mounted on five-drawer, drop-head cabinet tables for operation by treadle. Education in the use of electrically driven household appliances is gradually extending, and many schools are THE BECK SELF-FEEDING DUPLICATOR by using installing SINGER machines equipped with electric motors or are purchasing SINGER Sewing Motors for For Making 50 to 100 Copies of attachment to the treadle machines now in use. Music pee OR When economy of class room is desired, it can be svEUsIC xamuination Questions attained by using SINGER Portable Electric Machines, Drawings Lecture Notes easily handled for putting away or for mounting in Maps Laboratory Directions position for sewing. Tinds of Class T SINGER SHOPS are located in every city, and in and All Kinds of Classroom Work nearly every town; thus local SINGER employes are NO STENCILS NO PRINTING INK near at hand and easy of communication, always ready This Self-Feeding Duplicator makes copies direct . . a 12 “ . to supply needles and oil or to make such machine adjustments as may be required, This service is unique, from the original written on ordinary bond paper, and is appreciated by all teachers. with typewriter, pen, or pencil. So easy to operate We furnish schools, WITHOUT CHARGE, large that any school boy or girl can use it. wall charts illustrating stitch formation, also text-books 4 ote : for sewing classes. Write us today for full information about our For special prices and terms, address: FREE TRIAL OFFER TO SCHOOLS. Singer Sewing Machine Company, Inc. THE BECK DUPLICATOR CO., Singer Building, New York Room 94, 476 Broapway NEW YORK, N. Y. Order February Pictures Now. | Washington, Lincoln, Longfellow, Lowell, Dickens Send 50 cents for 25 pictures of these men, their homes, etcr Each 5% x 8 No two alike, or 30 cents for 30 pictures, 3 x 3%, of these subjects. ‘Tha Perry Pictures DECORATE YOUR SCHOOLROOM WITH BEAUTIFUL PICTURES ‘The Anges pone Do you realize how much of beauty will be added to the life of ARTOTYPES the children? They will carry through life the appreciation of art LARGE PICTURES FOR FRAMING which they acquire now. Reduced price since September 1, 1921. $1.50 for one; $1.25 each for two or more. Postpaid. Size, 22 x 28, including margin. 150 subjects. Think of getting really beautiful pictures at these prices! The following are attractive and popular subjects: lhe Lake, by Corot; Baby Stuart, Sir Galahad, Sistine Madonna; Saved, Landseer; President Harding. Send $2.50 for any two subjects shown here, or $5.00 for the four, or $1.50 for one. All of the pictures shown here and many others are published in the Hand Colored Artotypes, same size, at $2.00 for one; $1.50 each for two or more. REPRODUCTIONS OF THE WORLD’S GREAT PAINTINGS | One Cent Size. 3x 3%. For s0or more. Two Cent Size. 5%4x8. For2sormore. Ten Cent Size. tox 12, Forsormore. | als RECOMMENDATIONS } 1 -@ > , : ° ° ° + ) 3; oO ’ C Ra gee preety ni soe ec gen me school I find it impossible to carry on history or They are one of the best means of art edu- t : eir equal. geography work without the use of your pic- cation we know. tures. I have just received the pictures and am delighted with them. I find them a great help in creating interest among my students. BIRD PICTURES IN NATURAL COLORS. 7x 9. Three Cents Each for 15 or more. CATALOGUES. Send 15 cents for our Complete 64-page Catalogue of 1600 miniature illustrations, unless you have ou: latest 1920 edition. (Please do not send for the Catalogue without sending the 15 cents in coin.) The Perry Pictures ©. sox u.s. MALDEN,MASS. The Mill Ruysdael The Lake Corot Mention Tue JournaL when writing our advertisers. 922 Vol. 11, No. 1 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucaTION AssocjATION A-13 OUR FREE SERVICE i teaching the Mechanics and Pedagogy of Palmer Method Penmanship is still offered a Rete, to all teachers whose pupils are provided with individual copies of our manual. OTHER TEACHERS may enrol for the complete correspondence course upon payment of the small fee of ten dollars. OUR THIRTY VISITING INSTRUCTORS cover the entire United States, and their services are stil] ree to all schools having Palmer Penmanship adoptions THE PALMER METHOD PLAN pope a9 poe = cunaty cade to engurinn, Weptuuiing, which becomes g asset in schovi, business, and social life. ° | : b> ] 6“ FINE WRI ING PALMER METHOD PENMANSHIP is written at commercial speed and is as plain as print. Thus, . it conserves the time of the writer and the time of the reader. 3 Palmer Method Penmanship compels healthful posture while writing, thus conserving health and vision. The Pencil of the Schools PALMER METHOD SPELLERS yo in Palmer Method Penmanship are attracting more and more the at- : . ention of modern educators. Follow immediately the Palmer Method E 8B E by fad A RD FAB ER Penmanship lesson with the Palmer Method Spelling lesson, and the results in both subjects will be highly gratifying. y PALMER METHOD STANDARDIZED PENMANSHIP SUPPLIES Pees in very great- increasea quantities, because they offer the greatest value. THE A. N. PALMER COMPANY - ~— = Xa 30 Irving Place, New York City. 2128 Calumet Avenue, Chicago. Pittock Building, Portiand, Oreg. “The Oldest Pencil Factory in America” NEW YORK SUPERVISORS’ AND ‘TEACHERS’ SCHOOL Peerless : SPENCER RHYTHMICAL PENMANSHIP Adjustable — : by A scientific course in Rhythmical Penmanship and Spelling through Mental and Physical Develop- ment. Outlined for students of all ages. Adapted to all systems of muscular penmanship. The Movable Swing-Slant Letter Songs are the inspiration of leading High School and grade teachers in every = section of the United States. On California High School list and many County Supplementary Chair Desk lists. Ask your County Free Library for the books. At Tittle more than (a no SPENCER RHYTHMICAL PENMANSHIP BOOKS the cost of old style PANU ADR * Spencer Rhythmical Penmanship Pedagogy Penmanship and Spelling Correlated (Teachers’ stationary desks. Hi (Letter Songs) Manual) Detroit School Board i : . Students’ Edition (Elementary) Script Word Building Cards recently purchased q MA sl Students’ Edition (High School) Script Wall Charts over 4,000 of these. ita Trains Grade and Special Penmanship Teachers Trains Institute Lecturers Let us tell you more and Supervisors Outlined Correspondence Course about them. Many teachers by a special course have secured High School certification to teach Penmanship and Spelling in High School. There is demand for our graduates. Spencer, Zaner, and Palmer COLUMBIA SCHOOL Certificates secured. Phone 15006. SUPPLY COMPANY Indianapolis, Ind. 232 South Hill Street 204-205 Music Art Studio Building LOS ANGELES, CALIF. HELP THE UNITED STATES PREPARE TIC RECEIVING TELLER for the inevitable future competition among nations, | -AUTOMA -LLER