-~Bette lt? tes) tenden ‘. lent ¢ oO, Chi ‘sity ¢ chook twenty lingtor Laxso ainfielf 3eneze Evan; Gwin ew 0; Davit s, Pitt t G rman. nt Ci nt Ge it OC lucatie 4 Wh | the ntende urg, f ie For sdu- FER 7 . 192] pitt?” FEBRUARY, 1921 The JOURNAL of the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Privileges of Membership—An Editorial Problems of Tenure Educational Trend in Europe Teacher’s Part in Administration The Stranger Within Our Gates Editorials Educational Opinion Smith-Towner Bill Reported Fevnsiile The Educational Advance ; Committee Work of the Association Notes and Announcements Department of Superintendence—Program Tentative Programs of Departments and Allied Organizations National Council of Education—Program Published monthly, except July and August, by the NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES 1201 SIXTEENTH STREET NorTHWEST, WASHINGTON, D. C. Application pending for entry as second class matter at the post office a Which is the most success- | . ful speller published? | | cAnnouncing the AST month the State of New Mexico adopted New- | | NEW BEACON PRIMER Worwtp Speier for basal and exclusive use. The map below shows how the progressive West has set the : ; - example. This map lecates Spokane and fourteen coun- Brand new in content and illustration. The ties in Washington (the nearest competitor having charming pictures in black and in colors by only ten counties), and the independent cities of Port- 7 land and Denver. The adopticns in Nevada and Utah Blanche Fisher Laite make this one of the most are co-basal. Oregon, Montana, Arizona, New Mexico, beautiful books ever published for school use. It and Texas use NEw-WorLpD SPELLER exclusively. Other 5 . rie ‘ exclusive State adoptions not shown on the map are is an important addition to the extensively used Indiana, Virginia, and North Carolina. The close of 1920 found us with ten State adoptions Beacon Method of Reading (also the Philippine Islands and Alaska), for our spellers, while the nearest competitor had only six State adoptions and no other publisher more than two State A method which is widely acknowledged the adoptions. Five other spellers had one State adoption simplest and most logical system of teaching each. These facts give our answer to the question : se er Reger reading. The distinguishing characteristics are We have a valuable teachers’ manual, Sgla” s : : a brief, a guide for examination, and a Elimination of blend difficulties by tying series of twelve bulletins on NeEw- peer: tae b ese. Seietan which oe dee ete the vowel to the initial consonant and story about the book. They are yours thereby making the teaching of ‘‘fam- for the asking. | ilies’’ unnecessary. WORLD BOOK COMPANY Absence of diacritical marks. Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York Teaching of unphonetic words by sight. 2126 Prairie Avenue, Chicago | 313 South Preston St., Dallas . — Ginn and Company See our exhibit of books and tests is booths 100 and 101 at the Boston New York Chicago San Francisco Atlantic City Meeting “It is not school systems as such but children that are important” WILSON AND HOKE’S HOW TO MEASURE N. E. A. CONVENTION —explains the use of standard IN ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. tests and measurements in such February 26-March 3, 1921 a way that the classroom teacher will be able to measure the ability of the individual pupil and to test the efficiency of methods of teaching. y BE SURE TO ATTEND The Avenue Hotel Association of Atlantic City, rep- ; resenting several hundred good hotels at moderate rates, A simple untechnical handbook will send free on request a list of hotels, with rates, loca- that will assist the teacher in measuring class advancement and locating individual difficul- ties. tions, and other information. If you cannot attend the convention come to the World's Greatest Resort at your earliest opportunity. A book full of inspiration for - study and discussion in the For full particulars, address, Teachers’ Reading Circle. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY AVENUE HOTEL ASSOCIATION vk tee Cle ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. Dallas Atlanta San Francisco IDENTIFICATION CERTIFICATE (Instructions to Ticket Agents) Each member in order to secure the . ¢ ; - IDENTIFICATION CERTIFICATE (1) This certificate is not valid un round-trip rate for the meetings of the Department of Superintendence National Education Association a — $y 2 ts the author. and allied associations must present Department of Superintendence ized selling dates as _ specified in an Identification Certificate to the tariffs. ticket agent. The railroads of the Atlantic City, N. J. (2) This certificate is not valid un country are granting the round-trip rate of one and one-half fares this year instead of at the rate of one and Ticket Agent: by the purchaser whose name appears one-third fares allowed for previous eee NYE vears This certifies that : Ate x. 2 February 24-March 3, 1921 less signed in ink in the presence of ticket agent in space provided below a: ef § Nat; | Ed (3) Ticket agent must satisfy him The sntification Certificate Is a member o Nationa ~ducation ° . I he Identifica ertificat on Laas self that the person who presents this this page may be cut out and used by \ssociation, Department of Superin e ° certificate is entitled to the reduced writing in the name of the member. , : =e ; ef? ed , It must be signed, however, in the tendence, and 1s entitled to purchase’ fare under the conditions specified in eresence of the ticket agent. Tt is... ci. ecco scene round-trip ticket. tariffs and herein. already signed, as required, by the - 3: . P . , (4) Ticket agents will be governed = dy s a. I ti , : » Atlantic City, N. J., for himself (or ' ; & 8 Secretary oO ie Association. , . by instructions shown in tariffs R E herself) and dependent members of It will be possible to purchase 7 gow round-trip tickets from every point in bis (or her) family at the reduced the United States. The tickets will > 2¢ > OVI ys > ; > reac . - ‘ . rr: . : be on sale giving ample time to reach Salad Rain inn peenion gall te ae report to Ticket Auditor as authority. Atlantic City February 24. It may (5) Ticket agents will endorse hereon description of ticket or tickets fare and under the regulations author- issued and attach this certificate to be well to speak to the ticket agent a cordance with the conditions appear week or ten days before date of pur- ing hereon. (Signature of purchaser.) chase, so that if he is not already sup plied with round-trip tickets, he can make the necessary arrangements for them. Insert below names of dependent members of family for whom excur- sion tickets are purchased, giving re- . lationship: In case additional Identification Certificates are needed, they may bs secured from the State Director, who will be provided with an ample supply. Kewaunee Laboratory Furniture Means Better Results for Instructors and Pupils Colleges, Universities and Schools have been using Kewaunee Laboratory Furniture for many years. See our exhibit, meet our sales Engineers, and make booths one hundred fifteen, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen vour headquarters from February Twenty- 7 o ~ 7 fourth to March Third. inclusive. LABORATORY Sewauiledd Cer KEWAUNEE, WIS. é C. G. CAMPBELL, General Manager AT LAD --- Chairs of different sizes for Children of ditferent sizes ALL-IN-ONE Desk- Tablet-Arm Chairs “Isn’t it strange that no one ever thot of this before is the re- mark most often made by people who see these chairs for the first time. Made so strong that the makers guarantee them for the life of the building. Absolutely simple — nothing to get out of order. No adjust- ments Straight chairs to match, also made in several sizes See these chairs in our booths at the entrance to the Exhibit Hall at the Atlantic City meeting of the Na- tional Education Association, Febru- ary 27 to March 3. MANUFACTURED BY NORTHWESTERN SCHOOL SUPPLY CO. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Send for full information and name of nearest distributor NFP ke BEAK AEN FEBRUARY, 1921 Privileges of Membership HE platform of the National Education Association declares that every teacher should be a member of a local teachers’ organiza- tion, a State teachers’ association, and the National To justify this assertion it must be shown that such membership will contribute to the wel- the teacher, to the interests of teachers collectively, and to Association. fare of individual the cause of education. The advantages of membership in a local teachers’ organization are so apparent that they need not be demonstrated. ‘The teachers of a community have common interests and are confronted by common problems. They are generally quick to realize the benefits to be derived from ship, common sel, and united fort. They nize that the combined knowl- edge and strength of all will contribute to the success of each, promote the welfare of their entire group, and advance the interests of their profession. Likewise, the advantages of membership in the State asso- farce” good _ fellow- coun- ef- recog- should be appreciated by ciation every thoughtful teacher. ancy Because of the terri- torial extent of the State, teachers can- not come into so close a relationship in the State association as in their local associa- tions, but the educa- tional problems of the State are of the highest importance to every teacher. The State is the source of educational authority. The laws under which pub- lic schools are organized and conducted are State laws. The teachers of a State must look to their legislature for the enactment of such statutes as will estab- lish proper standards, furnish adequate support, and give just recognition to the teaching profession. that a Experience has demonstrated strong, effective An Editorial organization of the teachers of a State is essential not only to their welfare but to the cause of education. But what are the privileges and ad- vantages of membership in the National Association ? real and important than the benefits derived membership in State and They are no _ less from local Copyright, 1920, by N. Y. Evening Post, Inc., The War and Navy Departments are asking Congress for more than Six- teen Hundred Million Dollars ($1,600,000,000), for the next fiscal year. friends cf education are asking for only one-sixteenth as much for education The National Associa- tion the unified ideals and purposes of the teaching profession of the United States. The work of each State pro- moted and supported by the combined influence of all as represented in the National State and local campaigns to obtain higher salaries for teachers have had the effective support organizations. represents and local organization is Association. of a nation-wide campaign conducted by the National Association, with national [17 ] i and used by their permission publicity in the magazines and press ot the country which State or local association could possibly have obtained. Representatives of the National Associa- tion have appeared before State legisla- tures to assist in securing needed legis- lation, and have given direct assistance no in local campaigns for higher salaries and higher standards. ‘The best salary schedules and professional accomplish- ments of a State or community are im- mediately brought to the attention of the entire country by the National Associa- tion, so that all may share in the highest attainments of each. The influence of the Na- tional Education Association has been potent in developing and uni- fying _ educational standards and methods throughout the coun- try. Although there are forty-eight separate school systems in the United States, there is a marked uniform- ity in the essential elements of these different systems. This, admittedly, has been brought about largely through the meet- ings of the educa- tors of the country in the National As- sociation, and by the published reports of the committees of the association on educational prob- lems. Through the National Association there has been de- veloped a national consciousness in edu- cation, and a great educational program has been projected which is command- ing nation-wide attention? The National Education Association is a federation of State and local asso- ciations. Through it they exert a united and national influence. Their programs become its program, their purposes its purposes. The policies of the National Association represent the collective will The =a Seinageea Pena s taag Songs 4 een toe a 7 me. Ck. sees SECT NY Le = q SS ee eS Bey ge a. i : i } ; i of the teachers of the Nation as deter- mined by their chosen representatives. Every member of the National Associa- tion is kept in touch with its work through the JouRNAL, which now has a circulation of seventy-five thousand copies. An active member is privileged to attend all meetings of the Association and its departments, to hold office, to participate in its programs and in the election of the respective departmental officers, to vote for the election of dele- 18 ; eRe Ss Re THE JourNaL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Representative Assembly from the affiliated State and local asso- ciations to which such member may be- long, and to take part in the discussions at the annual meetings of the Represen- tative Assembly. But above all is the privilege of having some part with the organized teachers of the carrying forward a program for the ad- gates to the country in vancement of the teaching profession and the promotion through education of the highest welfare of the Nation. Problems of Tenure JOSEPH SWAIN President, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania HE PRESENT unrest in educa- tional affairs affords the teaching profession a unique opportunity for taking stock of itself and for consider- ing the essential conditions that will make the profession attractive to new recruits, that will endow the profession with the dignity that it merits, and that will most satisfactorily promote the educational welfare of this country. The economic crisis through which we are now passing has necessarily directed and concentrated attention on the prob- lem of salaries. But the problem is not merely one of raising salaries to meet the high cost of living; it is not merely a problem of economics. A statesman- like and professional view of the situa- tion must look to the future. Merely to increase salaries this year will not ensure the retention of able teachers or secure a constant flow of promising can- didates into the teaching profession. Future prospects and status weigh as much or perhaps more than immediate compensation in the choice of a voca- tion. Absence of rewards for experience and faithful service, unsatisfactory con- ditions of appointment and promotion, and lack of protection against disability or old age are strong factors in deter- mining the kind of recruit that the teaching profession will obtain. The question of salaries has been ade- quately kept before the public by the National Education Association; the problem of pensions was the subject of discussion in this Committee for more *Extract from the preliminary report on Tenure of Teachers by the Chairman of the Committee on Teachers’ Salaries, Ten- ure and Pensions, delivered before the National Counci! of Education, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 6, 1920. The full report will appear in the 1920 Volume of Pro- ceedings. than three years and resulted in the Re- port on Pensions for Public School Teachers prepared by the Carnegie Foundation. On the third fundamental condition of service, tenure, much has been written and somewhat extensive statistics have been published, but no concerted investigation of the subject has yet been made. Thus although it is known that 125,000 teachers annually leave the profession, a study has not been made of the laws governing the appoint- ment and dismissal of teachers. While the subject of tenure has been adequately settled in the civil service, in the teach- ing profession the theory that should underlie tenure has not yet been dis- cussed. The prevailing practice may be sound, but there are no standards by which it can be measured. The subject is a delicate one but it is fundamental to the efficiency of the schools. While intimately associated with the question of salaries and pensions, it is also closely allied to the problem of professional preparation of teachers, since uncertainty of tenure will not warrant intending teachers in undertaking lengthy prepa- ration. Although the situation in the matter of tenure has improved considerably in recent years, this only means that there have been fewer cases of unjust dis- missals or of oppressive treatment. The question of tenure is determined mainly by two factors: satisfactory compensa- tion and the provisions of the school laws. Other factors, such as equipment and housing, conditions of supervision and relations with the administrative authorities, the conditions of service generally, play an important part but are generally subconscious and intangi- ble. Judged from the standpoints of these two conditions—compensation and February , 192] school legislation—the situation cannot be viewed with While custom and practice have moved in the direction of stability and permanence, the salary inducements have not kept pace. The result is seen in the tremen- dous shifting of the teaching population each year—and this not merely among rural-school or classroom teachers, Under present conditions teachers and administrative officers cannot be blamed if they see that the only line of advance. ment for them lies in change of position, satisfaction. President Coffman in a recent report concluded that we have 125,000 vacan- cies annually. It is generally assumed that this condition does not apply to administrative and supervisory officers, but another study by President Jessup shows that the median tenure of super- intendents is less than three years and that from one-third to two-thirds of the principalships in some states are vacant each year. An efficient school system cannot be built upon such a foundation, The administrative and supervisory off- cer cannot develop a suitable program and policy if he changes his position every three years; the classroom teacher cannot realize the cumulative benefit of experience if she has her eye on a new position for the coming year. Improved conditions can only be secured by better remuneration and advancement in_ the position held. An adequate solution of the problems of tenure accordingly involves a number of other factors for which answers are now being sought: 1. What should be the preliminan professional training of teachers? 2. How shall teachers be certificated locally or by the State? If by the State what sort of State authority should as sume the duty? 3. Is the practice of annual elections “our barbarous school guillotine,” as f has been called, in the interests eithe of educational efficiency or of the pro fessional growth of the teachers? 4. Assuming that the practice of at nual elections is inefficient and wasteful should appointments be for a term @ years or on an indefinite tenure duritl good behavior and efficient service? 5. Should indefinite tenure be pr ceded by a _ period of probationaf service ? 6. In adopting indefinite tenure hor can schools be protected against the i competent or the unprogressive teachél 7. What ‘s the relation between ® sound system of tenure, salary scale and pensions? | TS hn )? ~ 1 not hile the nce, cept 1en- tion jong ers, and med nce- tion. port ican- imed y to cers, essup uper- , and if the acant ystem ation, y off- gram sition -acher fit of i new yroved better in. the oblems umber “TS are minar} ? ficated, » State uld a ections ” ast ; either he pre ; > of at vasteful term @ - durin ice? be prt ationat ure hor t the i teacher tween i The Educational Trend in Europe JAMES F. Hosic Chicago Normal College; Associate National Director, Junior Red Cross HE following observations as to the trend of education in Western Europe are based upon a ten- weeks’ visit to France, England, Hol- land, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. The main object was to present to the ministers of education and other leaders the peace-time program of the American Junior Red Cross. This provided a definite issue to which those whom I ap- proached could react. I bore also a let- ter from Commissioner Claxton com- mending me to educational officers and authorizing me to make inquiries as to educational conditions. A similar letter from President Hunter and Secretary Crabtree empowered me to represent the National Education Association. I had no difficulty, therefore, in getting interviews and in being admitted to schools. The main proposition which I had to make was that the ministers of education in the countries named should approve and support the plan of inter-school cor- respondence and educational exchange which the Junior Red Cross is institut- ing. In all of the six countries the proposition was heartily received. Since France is undoubtedly the most conservative of the six countries, my ex- perience there may serve as illustration for all. The first interview was held with M. Salles, Assistant to M. Hon- norat, the present Ministre d’Instruction Publique et des Beaux Arts. M. Salles lent a willing ear to the details of the proposed plan and promised to arrange interviews with the Minister and with the directors of primary and secondary education. This he did. M. Honnorat gave unqualified approval and explained that he was himself collecting a compre- hensive library to represent the intellec- tual movements of present-day civiliza- tion, Even more significant was thee atti- tude of M. Bellin, director of secondary education. “Before the War,” said he, “we felt well satisfied with our schools. We were not conscious that we needed America. Now, we realize that in some respects you are many years in advance of us. We are eager to profit by your example.” He described his efforts to establish in the Ecole Normale pour Jeunes Filles at Sevres the first practice school in the French secondary normal schools and urged a visit to that institu- tion, where would be found Mlle. Amieux, a real progressive. He asked for bibliographies of secondary education in America and lists of publications re- flecting our newer educational move- ments. Mlle. Amieux proved to be indeed a progressive. “What we need in France,” said she, “is a thorough-going reform of our whole system. democratic school system.”’ We need a ja — on a — - | Educational Attachés N important provision of the | Smith-Towner bill is the ap- pointment of | tachés” to our foreign embassies. Is such a_ provision significant? The answer will be found in the following statement from the ad- dress of Sir Auckland Geddes be- fore the National Citizens Con- ference on Education held in Washington last May: “It ultimately matters more to your State Department than any- thing else in the whole range of | their manifold duties to know the color of the education given in the British Empire, in France, in Ger- many, in all the countries of South A merica—yes, in all the countries of the world: for, if your Secre- tary of State knows, let us say, the French color of education, he will know well how that nation will be thinking ten years hence.” “educational at- With this remark we come to the main fact about the educational trend in Western Europe which I have to report. The educational leaders of the countries which I visited have accepted the democratic conception of social life and are seeking in various ways to em- body this in their schools. ‘To this ef- fort the Great War and America’s par- ticipation in it gave new and stronger impetus. England, of course, leads. Most of the provisions of the well-known Fisher bill have now become operative. The effect of the bill is clearly to develop a [19] new sense of the importance of a na- tional system of education which shall equalize the opportunities for all chil- dren by providing first-rate facilities everywhere, with differentiation of courses as the period of actual emplovy- ment approaches. England is at last providing the single, unified school or- ganization which the ideals of the Protestant Revolt and democratic move- ment of the Renaissance called for. In the provision for day schools with compulsory attendance to sixteen and the supervision and inspec tion of all schools, private and parochial as well as public or “board” schools, she is in advance of America. Italy, too, is advancing. The new minister of education, E. Benedetto Croce, introduced into the Italian pay liament in November a bill calling for extensive changes, particularly in sec- ondary education. Modern languages and technical courses are to receive in- creased emphasis. Extensive provisions are also made for new elementary schools, with an intensification of their program, in order to combat illiteracy. There is also a great popular movement for the care and education of orphans and for adult education. Greece under Venizelos was on the way to a modern system of schools. First of all, a common language was to be established by means of instruction in the grammar of modern spoken Greek and practice in writing the spoken lan- guage. The newspapers of Greece are still published in a form so ancient as to constitute almost a dead language to the masses of the people. New and modern textbooks were in preparation, teachers’ institutes being held, and normal school facilities being extended. Benches were being supplied to many children who last year stood or sat on the floor. American works on education, particu- larly those by John Dewey. were being studied, and representative leaders in America were translating our educa- tional literature into Greek. How much of all this will come to fruition under the restored Constantine party no one knows. Switzerland is making much of trade education for adults. Diplomas in many trades may now be secured by pursuing continuation war t Erg H } fh | + a id tf H ' — == LLL 20 THE JouURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION February, 1 921 courses regularly laid out and passing the examinations set. Thus are the trades in Switzerland becoming profes- sions. Holland, too, has her reform bill. Standards for the preparation of teach- ers are to be raised and _ extensive changes in elementary education are planned. Once more the ends in view are the same—increased, more nearly equal, and more varied opportunity for the individual. France has her educational commis- sion in the Chamber, to which has been referred the Viviani bill and other pro- posals for reform. Most ambitious is the program of Les Compagnons. This society, founded during the War by university men on leave from the trenches, is carrying on an active cam- paign for complete reorganization of the French “Université.” First of all, they wish to make it possible for all the children of all the people to pass on to the higher schools no matter what school they have attended up to the age of twelve. This means the practical unifi- cation of the system. The distinction between primary and secondary educa- tion as the French use the term would disappear. In the second place, the so- ciety would decentralize and insure to each schoo! unit and region more free- dom to adapt instruction to the needs of the students and particularly to the facilities which a given region affords, as agriculture, mining, and manufactur- ing. In general, education would be- come less formal, bookish, and abstract, and more practical and vital. While there is no immediate prospect that the visions of this group of young enthusiasts will soon become reality, and while, as such veterans as Ferdinand Buisson and Paul Crouzet say, they do not know enough of the actual conditions to pro- vide a working scheme, nevertheless, they have obtained a hearing and are able to claim that in several important features of their program they have the cordial support of the ministry, particu- larly as regards universal physical train- ing. Thus Europe, or at least important parts of it, is seeking to realize higher ideals of life and education. While the political and economic reactionaries both at home and abroad are looking back- ward and prating of the human nature that will not change and the inevitable- ness of things as they were, the school men are dreaming dreams of a new and better world and are working unremit- tingly to make their dreams come true. Teacher's Part in Administration of the School System AGNES S. WINN President, Seattle Grade Teachers’ Club, Seaitle, Washington os eich does not gracefully re- linquish her leadership in any- thing, and yet, as I have listened to the splendid plans and achievements brought forth by my colleagues and have sur- veyed the accomplishments of other American cities in the great movement for democracy in education, I am con- vinced of the necessity for taking back to our Seattle teachers a new incentive to shoulder their part of the responsibility in the great national program for widen- ing the vision and increasing the efh- ciency of the classroom teacher. Even as a phrase, “democracy in education” has a splendid ring, but when put into active operation, it opens up a new world alike to teachers and school officials. Although there has been a growing unrest among teachers during Alabama School Progress, Dec. 1, 1920. the past ten years due, no doubt, to a longing deep down in their hearts to ex- press themselves on school problems, it may be doubtful whether, up to the pres- ent time, many of them have sought or cared for an active participation in the shaping of school policies, or, perhaps, were even prepared to exercise such a privilege, but it is doubtful now, with every teacher a trained and valuable part of the great educational system, with every teacher gaining daily in breadth of outlook and capability of judgment, that she can long be with- held from active co6peration in the ad- justment of problems of which she has first-hand working knowledge. In communities that have made the greatest progress, according to a recent National Education Association report by the Commission on the Emergency in Education, boards of education and su- perintendents have requested teachers’ organizations to make specific recom- mendations on courses of study, adop- tion of textbooks, types of buildings and equipment, organization of special classes, and formulation of budgets, al- ways keeping in mind that the ultimate aim should be*the development of the highest type of citizenship. We know, the report continues, that nothing will do more to raise the status of the pro- fession and make its service attractive to the kind of men and women that the schoolroom needs, than the adoption of a policy that will lift the classroom teacher above the level of the mere rou- tine worker carrying out, in a mechani- cal fashion, plans and policies that are handed down from above. We hear much of teachers’ councils, but it is a far-western city that has struck the highest note in this new phase of education. In Oakland, California, a classroom teacher sits with full power of discussion and suffrage in the Super- intendent’s Council. In closing | wish to leave with you two points very clearly set forth by a well-known educator in a message to teachers contributed to the June number of the Seattle Grade Club Magazine: “Teachers should insist upon ridding the school system of rubbish, lost mo- tion, red tape, and autocratic methods, and exert their influence to introduce simple, direct methods in teaching the big, useful things of life. They should everywhere maintain broad, _ liberal standards of recreation and out-of-school activities, and should face their respec- tive communities as red-blooded, full- grown humans who dare live abun dantl* and love little children. With a shoulder-to-shoulder stand for these big things, the classroom teachers of Amer- ica may continue to form the inspiring ~ soul of the system as they seek advance: ~ public welfare.” i sad 7 1Address before the of School Boards, Superintendents, and Classroom Teachers, Salt Lake City, July” 8, 1920. di co w im th m so th ers [ | ere de to ing im pu sug pre ing im gro Re imi sinc carr of 1 ber ' the ed r hifti and rose near vear nine abov atte) reco; creas ment through definite contributions to” ™™e g thirt ' Dur National Congress © - 33 "A I ake 1 The Stranger Within Our Gates * HE GREATEST GOAL for a rt = ‘ : a nation is the production of the “il highest possible type of man or rs’ woman. Immigration is the most im- oh portant of the greater public problems p- of this nation because the immigrant is nd a fundamental factor in the production jal of the American of tomorrow. al- The theme, Immigration, naturally ate divides into two great divisions; that the concerned with the international policy, yw. which should control the inflow of new vill immigrants, and that concerned with yro- the domestic treatment of aliens once ad- >to mitted. The domestic policy has been the so frequently and so fully presented to . of | the teachers of America under the gen- yom eral heading of Americanization that rou- | beg privilege entirely to pass this ani- great phase of the subject. I shall are devote the brief quarter hour allotted to me to outlining some of the lead- cils, _ ing reasons why complete restriction of has immigration to this country should be hase put into effect. I have time but to mia, suggest these leading reasons and shall wer present them under three main _ head- iper- — ings: Mass, Massing, and ‘Alienness.’ The mere mass, the mere volume of you immigrant inflow in recent years has by a grown so huge that it is imperiling the € tO Republic. Record of the inflow of new nber immigrants, taken with fair accuracy zine: — since 1820, shows that such immigrants ding came by the thousands until the forties m0o-'" of the past century. The annual num- hods, " ber rose to one hundred thousand for duce the first time in the early forties, mount- : ed nearly to half a million in the middle heel tifties, dropped off during the Civil War chal and the crisis times of the seventies, and or PRA er — — J § <3. = + i LO ETT LEST AT NE ET ET PT Vol. 10, No. 2 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL ‘EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ° 23 ern Europe, utterly alien in history, closing suggestions in terms of world discontented spirits who in the preceding tradition, culture, and tongue. In 1870 only one incoming immigrant out of a hundred came from Russia, Austro-Hungary, and Italy. In that ten-million-immigrant decade from 1905 to 1914 nearly seventy immigrants out of every hundred came from Russia, Austro-Hungary, and Italy. This shift in geographic source, multiplied into the increasing number of comers, has massed an ‘alienness’ which checks our demo- cratic progress at every step. For one illustration only of the dire danger to the Republic through this ‘alienness’ of the immigrant masses, note the growing spirit of exploitation in our land. An undoubted factor in the wretched development of this spirit is the fact that the recent immigrants are so totally different from the older line Americans that they are in danger of being dealt with as though they were strange animals. Pungent illustration of this exploitative spirit may be cited in the case of that dreadful mine dis- aster, costing many human lives, where the first question of the mine superin- tendent was, “Are the mules saved!” It would cost money to replace the mules, but the shattered humans could be quickly replaced without cost from the clamoring line of new immigrants at the gate! For another illustration con- sider a conversation. When labor leader Healey was standing with a mine over- seer and watching the ‘Hunkies’ clam- bering into the cage, the overseer said, “Look at ’em! Don’t you see they’re just cattle? Just common, ord’ary cattle?” Healey replied, ‘Oh, no, they’re humans, just as you and I.” “No, I say they’re cattle. You got to put a ring in their nose and lead ’em around on their job.” “Well,” said Mr. Healey, “why don’t you employ Americans?” “They won't’ work.” “Oh, yes, they will,” responded Mr. Healey, “but they won’t work at your wages and under your conditions.” The cattle concept of human beings within the bounds of this Republic im- perils the Republic. It is breathing hot and cold in the same breath to proclaim belief in democracy and to insist that in the name of more rapid industrial com- mercial growth America must continue to have an incoming million of ignorant, cheap-labor aliens to exploit each year. The mere ‘alienness’ of the congest- ing huge masses of recent immigrants imperils the Republic. As I have outlined this brief, it may seem a selfish one. May I make three rather than national ends? First, it is in question whether per- mission for tens of thousands to come from some congested European nation in any wise really lessens the congestion in that nation. For a generation the little boot-state of Italy, cradle of the world, has sent out half a million of its citizens a year to permanent residence Ignorance Breeds Unrest Henry van Dyke, in Scribner's Magazine E ARE ignoring the right- ful claim of every citizen to be prepared for the duties which the State lays upon him. debasing the the Republic. We are human currency of We are laying un- baked bricks in our foundations and building our walls with un- tempered mortar. We are heap- ing up at the doors of our own temple piles of tinder and quick- flaming fuel, ready for the torch of the anarchist or the insidious slow-match of the cunning usurper. We are recruiting the sullen armies of ignorant unrest. For every soul denied the right to grow ; Beneath the flag, shall be its secret foe. De- But who denies that right? mocracy denies it by neglect and parsimony, by a careless disregard of the crying needs of popular education. elsewhere, and yet, during this same generation, the population of Italy has steadily risen. Second, I sometimes wonder whether the Old World nations, whose citizens flee by thousands to this Republic on the ground that they find Old World life relatively unendurable, would not much more readily develop endurable condi- tions for their home peoples if their more sensitive citizenry did not find so easy and so alluring asylum in this New World. In the concrete, I cannot help wondering whether in 1904 and 1905 great Russia might not have achieved a stable constitutional monarchy if those in almost permanently successful rebel- lion against the more despotic govern- ment had been aided by the brain and brawn of the hundreds of thousands of quarter of a century had fled their Rus- sian discontent and sought easy asylum here. Had these discontented hundreds of thousands been denied asylum here, had they remained in increasing discon- tent in their own land, their added strength might have made possible full transition in 1905 to a permanent con- stitutional monarchy. This would have meant bettered life for all Russiz’s one hundred eighty millions and might easily have changed the whole course of the world’s history since that date in a way that would have saved human suffering and advanced human happiness in an amount vastly greater than the added betterment of the individual lives of those hundreds of thousands of Russian immigrants who were received into our Republic. The third and final suggestion is that the closing of America’s doors to alien immigrants is not necessarily a closing of world asylum. Rather it is narrow- ing the range of the asylum. The great South American lands, Chile, Argentina, and Brazil, are today in the stage of development in which our land was in the fifties and sixties of the last century. These lands desire immigrants and are offering special inducements to them. There are, therefore, other desirable, wide and real asylums for those who still would flee their Oid World dis- contents. Wholly to prohibit incoming alien laborers will not solve any of our greater American democratic problems, but it will greatly simplify the solution of every one of these problems. It will not insure the attainment of a supreme American type, but it will remove an otherwise perennial stumbling-block | in the way of progress towards that great goal of the Nation. With more than a hundred million of people already within the Republic, with tens of thousands of its best farmers overflowing into a neigh- boring commonwealth because our richer public lands are now all taken, with a potential army of fifteen millions to pro- tect the Republic against any possible foreign invasion, with our rich natural - resources all in full process of exploita- tion, our Republic has reached the time and the conditions when and under which it is wisdom to close the door against further alien incomers, at least for long enough time that we may again locate the fixed stars in Democracy’s heaven and regain and maintain the di- rect democratic course for our Ship of State! ees Ee = ¥: Spear ore pent or Mee cacao an ct eS MNES BE et i BO SS 2 Boer om a a rb = The Journal of the National Education Association Published monthly except July and August by the National Education Association of the United States. Fred M. Hunter J. W. Crabtree President Secretary The payment of $2.00 active membership dues entitles a member to attend all meetings of the Association and its de- ts, to vote for delegates to the Representative Assem- y, to hold office, and to receive the Journal monthly. The pa t of $5.00 instead of $2.00 entitles an active member, in addition to the peviagee of the $2.00 member- ship, to receive the complete bound volume of Proceedings, all committee reports, and other regular publications of the Association. One dollar of each membership fee is for a year’s subscrip- tion to the Journal. Subecription to non-members is $2.00 year; single copies, 25 cents. Advertising rates on application. Application pending for entry as second class matter at the ppli — Srice at Washington, D. C Editor-in-chief William C. Bagley Editorial Council Names of members will appear later. Publication Staff Joy Elmer Morgan R. S. Erlandson Managing Editor Business Manager EXECUTIVE AND EDITORIAL OFFICES: 1201 Sixteenth Street N. W., Washington, D. C. Why College Teachers Should Affiliate HE NATIONAL Education Asso- ciation earnestly desires to bring all educational workers together in a strong professional organization. In the educa- tional service there can be no invidious class distinctions. Primary teachers and college teachers, State commissioners of education and _ rural-school teachers, high-school principals and music super- visors, city superintendents and teachers of backward children—all must work together and think together for the common cause. It is especially gratifying to note that college faculties as groups are affiliating with the Association. This is as it should be. The officers of the Associa- tion are frequently asked what the Na- tional organization can offer to the teachers of the higher institutions. The answer is single and simpie: the oppor- tunity to participate in carrying through the far-reaching program of educational betterment that the Association has pro- jected. The active codperation of college teachers is especially needed by the Asso- ciation. In many ways the men and women in our higher institutions ap- proximate more closely than does any other group the ideals which the Asso- ciation is striving to realize for all teachers. “They are mature; they have been selected on a basis of merit; they have paid the price of earnest prepara- tion for the privilege of service; they regard their calling as a permanent life THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION work. On the other hand, they share with elementary and high-school teachers many of the hardships that have hitherto hindered the advancement of the profes- sion; as a group, they are poorly paid; as a group, they~are handicapped by the low regard in which the actual work of teaching is held—a condition that has led many of them to seek recognitions and rewards, not in teaching as such, but in writing, in research, and in outside services related to their special subjects. A little reflection will convince col- lege teachers that their professional in- terests coincide with the professional interests of teachers in the lower schools. The great public, after all, does not draw sharp distinctions in these matters, and what is characteristic of teachers generally will inevitably attach in the public mind to each and every member of the group. ds long as the great masses of our public-school teachers are transient, immature, untrained, and un- derpaid, the status of every educational worker will suffer. Even from motives of selfish ex- pediency, college teachers could find no more effective means of advancing their own interests than to join with all other groups of educational workers in an aggressive effort to build the profession anew from the foundation up—and the foundation, it will be generally con- ceded, must be located in those branches of the service now most seriously neglected—the rural schools and the lower and intermediate grades of the urban schools. Every improvement here will be reflected and magnified on the secondary and higher levels. To the earnest consideration of our fellow workers in the colleges we com- mend the basic ideal to which the Asso- ciation is committed: 4 competent and well-prepared teacher for every public- school position in the United States. The Larger Task HE JourNAL oF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION is but a part of the varied work of the Asso- ciation, whose activities on behalf of advanced legislation and better salaries and working conditions for teachers are laying the foundation for a great united teaching profession whose supreme purpose shail be the welfare of the childhood of America. In a_ larger sense the task of every teacher is educa- tional leadership on behalf of a finer and richer civilization to participate in which he is training his pupils in high ideals, in useful skills, in right attitudes, as February, 192] and in the codperative spirit upon which modern civilization is built. Higher Salaries Mean Higher Standards EACHERS'’ salaries have made gratifying gains during the past two years, and no effort should be spared to prevent a setback during the period of retrenchment that lies ahead. The public, we are sure, will be sympa- thetic with this effort, for right-thinking citizens everywhere acknowledge the absurd inadequacy of the older level, and many are willing and anxious to promote further advances. It is clear, however, that higher standards of prepa- | ration must go hand in hand with | higher salaries. To safeguard the gains already made and to open the way for new gains, the emphasis in our profes- | sional policies must be upon an improved ; and extended preparation as a condition | i of entering the service. H International Educational ; Conference HAT there is a real need for an international conference on educa- | tion has been apparent since the Armi-/ stice. Such a conference was suggested early in 1919 by the educational leaders of France, and the proposal of these leaders that American educators take} the initiative in calling the conference was ,favorably received by the Emer- 7 gency Commission of the National Edu- | cation Association. Committees were | appointed and the preliminary work of organization was begun. The failure of the United States to enter the League! of Nations apparently gave rise to mis understandings; at any rate, the French | enthusiasm for the project subsided and’ the Emergency Commission, whether | wisely or unwisely, gave up its plan.” The attitude of the American people! toward ‘internationalism’ was clearly” revealed by the November election.” Anything that is suggestive of a ‘super | state’ we may be sure will be promptly” rejected. There are, however, large possibilities of promoting a better under- standing among nations through educa tion. Thoroughly to canvass these pos” sibilities in an open conference can do) no possible harm and may conceivably! result in far-reaching benefits. The National Education Association has @) special committee on international rela?! tions, and the chairman of this commit tee, State Superintendent A. O. Thomas of Augusta, Maine, would welcome suggestions. AS 2: ERE al ide ast the ad, pa- | ing the vel, to ar, rith AiNs for as ; tion | 8 ame uca- | rmi- | sted ders hese take | ence _ mer: | Edu- | were | k of re of ague | mis- ‘ench - and | ether plan. eople | early tion. © uper | nptly © large nder- duca- > DOs in doy vably | The has a) rela” mmit: | omas, Lecomte > 5 PME TT . % e V ol. 10, _No. 2 Iowa Makes Preparations HE enthusiasm of the people of lowa over the next meeting of the National Education Association to be held in Des Moines July 3-9, is quite remarkable. ‘The State Superintendent, the officers of the Lowa State Teachers’ Association, the county and city super- intendents of the State, and the teach- ers generally are planning for a great meeting. They have assured the off- cers of the National Association of an Iowa membership of at least ten thou- sand. But even more striking than the un- usual interest of the educators is the attitude of the Governor and other pub- lic officials of the State, who declare that Iowa will ex- tend such a_ wel- come to the teach- ers of the Nation as has never before been given. Iowa has made great progress in public education during recent years, particularly in con- solidated rural schools. Those who attend the Des Moines meeting will have an oppor- tunity to see what has been accom- plished by a wide- awake, progressive State.in solving the rural school prob- lem. Des Moines -. ll r i Af ‘ THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucaTion AssociATION 5 ficial resemblances are swamped by a most important difference. What is this difference? Is it that hogs are only with all their Not at all. So trifling a distinction would, indeed, be quite beside the mark. ‘The great and essential difference is that we have a ‘science’ of hog-culture while we lack beasts faults, while children, are human? = =al = i eh is | Congressman Baer in Minnesota Daily Star can furnish first- class hotel modations accom- for ten thousand visitors. The ‘Hog’ Argument XCEPTION has been taken to the ‘hog’ argument as a justification of Federal participation in the support of schools. The objection to the argument is not based upon the inelegance of its designation nor yet upon the unsavory character of the comparison but upon the validity of the analogy—for analo- gies are always treacherous. Is there, the objector asks, any resemblance be- tween hogs and children that should cause the Government to modify its Present policy of solicitously looking after its hogs and neglecting its chil- dren? No, he concludes, tesemblance, or at any there is no rate, all super- . How the U. S. Pie is Divided a ‘science’ of child-culture. The Gov- ernment, by employing specialists in the science of hog-culture, he assures us, can help the farmers without encroaching upon the rights of the sovereign States, but in the lack of a science of child- culture the Government cannot show any interest in children without invad- ing States’ rights. The impact of this logical tour de force is overwhelming until one asks how much ‘science’ of hog-culture there was when the Gov- ernment first began to subsidize the study of this important hog problem. All that the Smith-Towner bill proposes is that the Government Department of Education, start doing now for children what it began doing thirty-odd years ago for hogs. through a Normal School Reorganization N CONNECTION with the para- mount problem of raising the stan- dards of preparation, the reorganization of the normal schools into teachers’ col- leges is both significant and heartening. More than a year ago New York au- thorized the extension of the standard normal-school curriculum to three years with a four-year requirement as a’ not distant goal. The new program based on this authorization will go into effect, next California the normal schools will September. In soon become four- year teachers’ col- leges; in Rhode Island a similar re- organization is now well under way; ANO Auu THE | Pennsylvania has taken steps in the same direction. All of this is reassuring to those who have feared that the shortage of teachers would result in a serious lowering of standards. Leadership Wanted F Ngeniam Paws rural life needs leadership. It espe- cially needs the far- sighted leadership of teachers who are ise] adequately trained for service in rural education and whose lives are per- manently dedicated to the important task of building a great rural civilization. There is fear in some sections of sal- ary decreases for teachers as the high cost of living recedes. A genuinely high quality of professional service, combined with sane community leadership, is the best insurance against such decreases. There are over five million people in the United States who can neither read nor write in any language and over three million more non-English-speaking peo- ple—a total approximately equal to the combined population of eighteen States —a challenge to the educated leadership of the Nation. Education for the profession of teach- ing is the highest form of education for citizenship. The really great citizen is always a great teacher. 26 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpuCATION ASSOCIATION An Association of Gentlemen URING the years 1857 to 1870 the National Association was known as the National Teachers’ Asso- ciation. During most of that time it was an association of gentlemen. The first paragraph of Article II of its first constitution reads: Any gentleman who is regularly occupied in teaching in a public or private elementary school, common school, high school, academy or scientific school, college or univer- sity, or who is regularly employed as a private tutor, as the editor of an educational journal, or as a superintendent of schools, shall be eligible to membership. Not until the meeting of 1866 was the word “gentleman” in this paragraph re- placed by the word “person.” However, there is ample evidence in the early records that years prior to 1866 womanly influence had its place in the councils of the Association. On the recommendation of the Board of Direc- tors ladies might become honorary mem- bers which entitled them to present written essays to be read by the secre- tary or other member. The minutes of the meeting held in Cincinnati in 1858 record the presence of a woman for whom the gentlemen had such high re- gard that they sought to honor her with the following resolution, which is printed on page 13 of the Journal of the Proceedings: * Resolved, That we are encour- aged in our work by the approving smiles and encouraging words of woman; and that we regard her as the most accomplished and success- ful teacher; that we hail as honored co-laborers, every “Lady Pilgrim,” who, “with high and holy aims, and calm and happy mind” produced “by the perusal of . God’s holy Word,” and “with healthful and robust body,” devotes her powers to the noble work of education. It has been suggested that the woman whose presence inspired this resolution may have been Susan B. Anthony, who in the early fifties had become known as a leader in the movement for profes- *The Journal of Proceedings of the Na- tional Teachers’ Association at the first anniversary held in Cincinnati, Ohio, Au- gust 11, 1858, with the constitution and lec- tures; published by order of the Board of Directors, Albany, N. Y. James Cruik- shank, 35 State Street. 1858. 62 p. sional recognition of the work of women teachers. Whether for her or for one of her worthy contemporaries, this resolution, couched in the expres- sions peculiar to its time, remains a fitting tribute to the many thousands of February, ¥ 192] women who in more recent years, en- joying all the privileges of membership in National as well as in State and local associations, have brought great gifts to the cause of education and to the Na- tion. 0S mar bss sn Ht DR, RANA NN Da eM 2000/0 aNe, DRL RM NHN RANE BR 09 BN aN 84 5 NN ABER NEN 888 DMN UNM, ANOUK MR AFR 908 ne od EDUCATIONAL OPINION * By Force of Faith HE TEACHER must be con- vinced, like any other salesman, of the value of the commodity in which he deals. Of the teachers I have known whose teaching was a failure, the greater number seemed to have lost faith in their subject. It is the one great law of teaching that it goes by infection. Many a half-hearted pupil, unwillingly or unwittingly dragged into chemistry, has caught fire from the flaming zeal of the teacher.—H. N. MacCracken in the Atlantic Monthly, January, 1921. Sabbatical Year Advocated SABBATICAL year for teachers is advocated by the Ohio Educational Monthly for November. and the members of this committee are the Te is following: Edward Bok, Cleveland H. ot a Dodge, Mrs. Maud Wood Park, Mrs. great) Thomas G. Winter, Mrs. Percy Penny- ank) backer, Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, Wm. C. Redfield, George Wharton Pepper, Henry Bruére, Alvin E. Dodd, Asa G. Candler, Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, Mrs. Joseph H. Swan, Miss Mary Garrett Hay, Matthew Woll, Frank A. Van- derlip, Mrs. W. S. Jennings, Mrs. John D. Sherman, Mrs. Edward Franklin White. The National Education Asso- ciation is represented on this committee by George D. Strayer, Chairman of the Legislative Commission. A New Army School HAT effort is being made to make the army a genuine institution of education is indicated by a statement from the Adjutant General’s Office, an- nouncing a new mercantile school in the Fifth Division, stationed at Camp Jack- son, Columbia, S. C. In this school soldiers are given training which will enable them to perform the clerical du- ties of the several branches of the Army, at the same time qualifying them for positions in the business world. Special effort is made to develop self-reliance, initiative, perseverance, and judgment. Each student has a desk and fixings similar to those in the office of a business executive. “Typewriters, comptometers, filing apparatus, and adding machines of late model are part of the machinery of the well-lighted and ventilated class- rooms. After the student has become pro- ficient, he acts as bookkeeper for a store, where he meets and solves all the prob- lems he would find in a similar position in civil life. He buys and sells, does business with a bank, a wholesale house, and individual consumers; he makes rec- THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpuUCATION ASSOCIATION es a ords of actual transactions, and deter- mines the progress of his business, its costs, and profit or loss. In addition, there is training in ordering goods, in- voicing, advertising and salesmanship, time-keeping and costs. Instruction in business law and ethics is also part of the course. A Program Worth While HE Ohio Federation of Women’s Clubs, regarding education as the fundamental need of our democracy, has adopted the following creed and program: 1. Adequate financing of our public schools. 2. A specially trained teacher in every schoolroom, with a sal- ary in proportion to her efficiency. 3. Equal opportunities and a high- school education for every child in the State. . 4. Well-equipped centralized schools in rural districts, with courses of study suited to the needs of the rural child. 5. Every school open 12 months in the year, for instruction in some form. 6. Teachers employed 12 months in the year. 7. Vocational education and physical training in every school. 8. Visual education—films for pri- mary teaching in every school, and for geography, history, and literature in the upper grades. competent, 9. Every school a community center for organized activities. 10. Ohio ranking first, instead of twelfth, in education. China HINA, according to the Educational Review (Shanghai), is adopting a forward-looking program in education, which, when realized, will provide for the extension of education throughout the republic, for “the trial of coeduca- tion when allowed by local conditions,” for codperation in vocational education and for a system of teacher certification. The Minister of Education has sug- gested that, following the plan already in operation in the province of Shansi, the provinces should introduce free schools according to the following pro- gram: 1921, provincial capitals and commer- cial ports; 1922, district cities and large towns; 1923, towns and villages with more than 500 homes; 1924, centers with more than 300 homes; 1925, 6 cen- ters with 200 or more homes; 1927, villages with more than 100 homes; 1928, villages with less than 100 homes. Iowa COMMITTEE of Iowa educators has prepared legislation which would increase high school tuition 25 per cent and provide that the maximum amount that can be raised per pupil for the support of public schools be raised to $80 in places where it is now $60 and to $100 in places where it is now $80. An account of Iowa’s preparations to entertain the National Education Asso- ciation is given on page 25 of this JouRNAL. Kansas ANSAS has sixteen hundred school teachers, approximately one-tenth of the teachers of the State, receiving in- struction from the Kansas State Normal School through week-end classes in their home communities and by correspond- ence study. Maine AINE is the first State in the Union to have all its -county associations afhliated with the National Association. Dr. A. O. Thomas is State Superintendent of Public Schools and H. A. Allan is agent for rural edu- cation. New York HE 1920 legislature passed several laws on education. Three are of general interest. The first measure ap- propriated $20,550,000 for the purpose of increasing the salaries of teachers throughout the State. It provides that the salary of each teacher employed in a common school district shall not be less than $800 for a term of forty weeks. Higher minimum salaries are fixed for elementary and high-school teachers in union and city school districts. The sec- ond measure established higher salary schedules for the faculties of New York State normal schools. The third pro- vides a comprehensive, scientific pension system for teachers. A survey of rural and village schools of New York State has been planned to include schools outside of cities and vil- lages having a population of 4500 or over. This survey will emphasize the importance of the school as a munity institution. com- 30 Ohio HIO State University has adopted the full four-term year of 48 weeks, with the summer session as the fourth quarter. ‘This plan enables am- bitious students to complete their courses in three years and makes it possible to serve a much larger enrolment with the same accommodations—an important consideration in these days of university crowding. Oregon N ANNUAL TAX of two mills for the support of elementary educa- tion has been approved, in addition to other income already provided. ‘The law was referred to the people by the 1920 legislature and approved by them May 21. At the same time a tax of 1.26 mills was voted for the support of higher educational institutions. Rhode Island HE Rhode Island Normal School has become the Rhode Island Col- lege of Education and will grant the degree of Bachelor of Numerous extension courses Education. are pro- vided for teachers in service. Texas RECENTLY called session of the Texas legislature made a special appropriation of $4,000,000 to increase salaries of public school teachers. This was in addition to the State appropria- tion previously made of the proceeds of a 3%-mill tax and the special appropri- ations for rural schools of $2,000,000 per year. The board of education at McAllen, Texas, has built a teachers’ club costing $35,000, which will house thirty-two teachers and furnish meals at cost to many more. There are thirty-two bed- rooms, each equipped with running water, a built-in dressing table, dresser, and a large clothes closet. There are also five screened porches, parlor, a re- ception room and lobby, one with a tiled floor, kitchen, large dining-room, four bathrooms, manager’s room, and servants’ room. A competent hostess- manager has been employed at a salary of $1800 for eleven months. Utah T THE recent election a consti- A tutional amendment was ratified which will make it possible for the legis- lature to levy a school tax sufficient to THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpuCcATION ASSOCIATION provide $25 for each person of school age in the State. Utah’s State school fund is distributed among the school districts by the State superintendent on the basis of school population. * Wisconsin ACINE has adopted a policy affect- ing the professional betterment of the teachers in the public schools which might very well be emulated by other cities. Teachers who spend the sum- mer in study at an approved educational February, 192] institution are paid their expenses up to a maximum of $100. adequate to meet the expenses of study in normal schools and universities, ex. J This amount is § % | | cept those on the Atlantic and Pacific | coasts. the items of expense which will be paid by the Board of Education are the rail. road fare from either Racine or the teacher’s home to the city in which the institution is located, tuition, board and lodging —Wisconsin Journal of Fadu- cation, November, 1920. Committee Work and the National Program The needs of education demand also | National Education Associa- tion is committed to a_ national program in education. President Hun- ter and the Executive Committee be- lieve that the work of the Association’s committees should be made an integral part of the larger program upon which the Association is now at work. The activities of these committees in gather- ing and presenting data and in shaping policies are fundamental. At present more than thirty com- mittees are listed on the Association’s records. Of these, two-thirds are in- active. The Executive Committee be- lieves that the possibilities of effective committee work have not been fully appreciated by the membership of the Association as a whole. Any failure on the part of committees to realize the full importance of their work is certain to handicap the national program. The Executive Committee is, therefore, ask- ing that all existing and all new com- mittees formulate and state clearly the objectives sought. It is also asking committees to present to the Associa- tion at the Des Moines meeting in July specific working programs for the various units of educational organiza- tion in the United States. If satisfac- tory results are to be obtained, commit- tees must at least report progress at that time. It is hoped that most of them will do more. HE If the Association is to have a comprehensive program around which the united profession can rally as a dynamic force, its committees must be clear-minded, active, and vigorous. They must have their aims constantly before them and make their work con- tribute to the accomplishment of the larger task which the Association has set for itself. a new type of com iittee, the purpose of which shall be to centralize and co- ordinate the varied work of the Asso- ciation. ‘This does not mean that com- mittees engaged in research and the determination of technique should cease to function; it means rather that just now, while our Association is welding itself into a united and progressive or- ganization there must be two or three committees whose business is to plan, to recommend, and to assist in carrying out the policies of the reorganized As- sociation. For this purpose, the Ex- ecutive Committee has appointed three commissions. First, a commission whose function is to carry out the legis- lative policy of the Association—the Legislative Commission. Second, a commission whose function is to co ordinate the work of all agencies which are studying the problems of education, and to work out a policy whereby these agencies will contribute to the program advocated by the Association—the Commission on Coordination of Re- search Agencies. whose purpose is to help bring to all teachers and to the friends of educa- It is specified in the rules that | 5 Third, a commission | tion the purposes and achievements of | the Association and of its various de- partments and committees—The Edi- torial Council. The newly appointed committees are — as follows: Legislative Commission George D. Strayer, Teachers Col- lege, Columbia University, New York City; Mary C. C. Bradford, Denver, Colo. ; J. A. C. Chandler, Williamsburg, Va.; Randall J. Condon, 3818 Wind- ing Way, Cincinnati, Ohio; Thomas E. Finegan, Harrisburg, Pa.; T. E. Johnson, 206 North St., Lansing, © 921 | ip to nt is tudy , ex. acific © that © Paid © rail- | the | 1 the and Edu. a Sh il el also rose 1 co- Asso- com- the cease just Iding | e or- three in, to rying | As- Ex- three ission legis- —the d, a » CO vhich ation, these gram —the Re- ission | 0 all” duca- its of | s de Edi- S are - Col- York nver, burg, Vind- © 1omas ~ rsing, a Vol. 10, No. 2 wi THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 31 Mich.; Charl O. Williams, Court W. Studebaker, 525 Park Blvd., Des Farl Apt., Lincoln, Nebr.; W. W. House, Memphis, Tenn.; Agnes §. Moines, Iowa; Olivia Pound, Lincoln, MclIntire, Ohio University, Athens, Winn, 2517 10th Ave., W. Seattle, Nebr. Ohio. Wash.; Dwight B. Waldo, 157 Thomp- ; ‘ : : ; son St., Kalamazoo, Mich.; Will C. Committee on Teachers’ Salaries Committee on Foreign Relations Wood, Sacramento, Calif.; William D. B. Waldo, Chairman, Kalamazoo, (This committee appointed by the outgoing M. Davidson, Pittsburgh, Pa. Commission on Coordination of Research Agencies Jesse H. Newlon, Denver, Colo., Chairman; W. C. Bagley, Pleasantville, N. Y.; John W. Withers, St. Louis, Mo.; J. W. Studebaker, Des Moines, lowa; Mary D. Bradtord, Kenosha, Wis.; Walter A. Jessup, Lowa City, lowa; L. D. Coffman, Minneapolis, Minn.; Edwin L. Rouse, Peru, Nebr.; J. G. Crabbe, Greeley, Colo.; W. W. Theisen, Madison, Wis. ; Gesens Mel- cher, Kansas City, Mo.; Virgil E. Dickson, Oakland, Calif.; Burdette R. Buckingham, Urbana, Ill.; Thomas H. Briggs, New York, N. Y.; Charles E. Rugh, Berkeley, Calif.; W. F. Russell, lowa City, lowa; Annie Webb Blanton, Austin, Texas; Jessie E. Colburn, Pub- lic School No. 61, New York, N. Y.; Phoebe E. Matthews, 158 Morrison Ave., Somerville, Mass.; Robinson G. Jones, Cleveland, Ohio; C. P. Cary, Madison, Wis.; James W. Gowans, Winfield, Kans.; Stuart A. Courtis, 82 Eliot St., Detroit, Mich.; Franklin Bobbitt, Chicago, Ill.; Frank G. Pickell, Cleveland, Ohio; Albert S. Cook, Baltimore, Md. Committee on Financing Delegates to the Representative Assembly Cornelia S. Adair, 1606 Grove St., Richmond, Va.; Agnes E. Doherty, 207 Summit Ave., St. Paul, Minn.; Jose- phine Corliss Preston, Olympia, Wash. ; Olive N. Jones, 105 E. 17th St., New York City; E. C. Brooks, Raleigh, N. C.; J. W. Crabtree, 1201 16th St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Committee on Sources of Revenue William B. Owen, 370 Parkway, Chicago, Ill.; Margaret Noonan, Harris Teachers’ College, St. Louis, Mo.; John H. Beveridge, 5012 Chicago St., Omaha, Nebr.; C. P. Cary, Madison, Wis.; Nickolaus L. Engle- hardt, ‘Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City; T. E. Johnson, 203 North St., Mich.; Archibald H. 1253 Park Ave., Fremont, Nebr.; S. D. Shankland, 120 River St., Wil- loughby, Ohio; Walter R. Siders, 1031 N. Garfield, Pocatello, Idaho; John Normal Lansing, Waterhouse, Mich.; J. M. Gwinn, New Orleans, La.; Margaret Haley, 127 N. Dear- born St., Chicago, Ill.; Sara L. Rhodes, 1001 Herkimer St., Brooklyn, N. Y.; E. C. Brooks, Raleigh, N. C. Committee on Teacher Tenure Charl O. Williams, Chairman, Mem- phis, Tenn.; Grace Strachan Forsythe, 20 West 72d St., New York City; D. B. Johnson, Rock Hill, S. C.; Ernest C. Moore, Harvard University, Cam- bridge, Mass.; Harlan Updegraff, Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Committee on Teachers’ Pensions Joseph Swain, Chairman, Swarth- more, Pa.; Francis G. Blair, 629 S. 2d St., Springfield, Ill.; John W. Carr, Frankfort, Ky.; James Ferguson, Chico, Calif.; Alice M. Cusack, 303 Lei Lau Se arm x= 0S sanranuane seameBAG fi Seeutive Committee will meet Saturday, February 26, at 4:00 p. m., at the Traymore Hotel. las of Directors will meet Tuesday, March 1, at 4:00 p. m., at the Traymore Hotel. Enrolment and Affiliation FFILIATIONS and hundred per / \ cent enrolments are coming in daily. The list will be printed in the March JOURNAL. Official Program HE programs of the departments of the N. E. A. and of allied asso- ciations will appear in the official >zo- gram. Some of these programs are al- ready complete. All copy for the offiuul program which is not now in the hands of the Secretary should be sent in at once. Railroad Rates RRANGEMENTS by which members may obtain special rail- road rates are explained in full on an- other page. Mrs. Thomas, Preston) Chairman, Maine; Zenos E. Ky.; James W. 10th St., Winfield, McClinton, 2305 Colo.; Abbie L. president, Augustus O. Capitol, Augusta, Scott, Louisville, Gowans, 902 E. Kans.; John W. West St., Pueblo, Day, University of Nevada, Reno, Nev.; Caroline Armitage, 57 Madison St., Somerville, Mass.; W. K. Dwyer, 505 Hickory St., Anaconda, Mont.; Earl W. Bowyer, 517 N. Pile St., Clovis, New Mexico. Committee on Visual Education I. B. Bush, Erie, Pa.; Mable Bush, Sparta, Wis.; Ernest Crandall. 157 E. 67th St., Mies York City; Howard O. Welty, 5710 Fleming, Oakland, Calif. ; Herbert S. Weet, 53 Hancock St., ‘Rochester, N. Y.; Ida Lee Woody, 4405 Forest Park Blvd., St. Louis, Mo NOTES and ANNOUNCEMENTS | Registration—Atlantic City EGISTRATION Headquarters will be located at the left of the entrance to the Million Dollar Pier. All members should register immedi- ately after arrival in Atlantic City. N. E. A. Postoffice HE N. E. A. Postoffice will be conveniently located at the right of the entrance to the Million Dollar Pier. Members may leave letters at this post- office for their friends and should call there for messages for themselves. Let- ters and telegrams sent in care of the National Education Association will be placed in this postoffice. The N. E. A. Postoffice will have the Atlantic City addresses of the members in attendance at the Department of-Superintendence. Inaugural Trains to Washington AILROAD officials have promised to run special trains which will leave Atlantic City the night of March 3 and reach Washington on the morn- ing of March 4. At the time of going 32 to press it is not certain that a sufficient number of Pullman coaches can be pro- vided. Day coaches will be added, if necessary, to accommodate those who wish to attend the inauguration of President-elect Harding. Members who expect to come to Washington on these special trains, who have not already ap- plied for reservations, should apply at once to J. W. Crabtree, Secretary N. E. A., 1201 Sixteenth Street N. W., Washington, D. C., giving full name and address. Accommodations in Washington ASHINGTON is crowded dur- ing inaugural week and rooms are dificult to obtain. President Kendall has arranged for a local committee to which members desiring accommoda- tions should apply at once. Letters should be addressed to the chairman of the committee, Superintendent Frank W. Ballou, Office of Board of Educa- tion, Franklin School Building, Wash- ington, D. C. Commercial Exhibits HE EXHIBITS are this year un- der the direct management of the Association and have been located on the Million Dollar Pier in Machinery Hall. This location will make it easy to go from the Auditorium, where the meetings are held, or from Registration Headquarters, which are also on the Pier. In addition to many other inter- esting exhibits, every member will want to see the complete model of an ideal school plant which has been prepared for Winchester, Virginia, by the trustees of the John Handley Fund at a cost of $2000. All of the 114 booths have been sold and many applications could not be filled for want of space. Half of the exhibitors will also exhibit at the meeting of the National Society for Vocational Education, which meets immediately before the Department of Superintendence. Atlantic City Hotels HE names and rates of Atlantic City Hotels were printed in the Supplement to the January JOURNAL. To the list should be added the follow- ing, which will also issue certificates without charge permitting free entrance to all piers and convention meeting places: American plan: Austine, New York and Pacific Avenues, $3-$3.50; Aron- dale, Pacific and Kentucky Avenues, $3.00; Beaumont, Tennessee Avenue, THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucaATION ASSOCIATION February, 192] $3.50-$4; Chester Inn, New York Ave- nue, $3.50-$5; Channell, Pacific and Illinois Avenues, $3.00 up; Clarendon, Virginia Avenue, $4-$5; Clearview, 2117 Pacific Avenue, $3.50-$4; Grand Atlantic, Virginia Avenue, $4-$6; Ger- stel’s Lelande, Massachusetts Avenue, $6-$7.50; Grossman’s, New Jersey Ave- nue, $5.50; Majestic, Virginia Avenue, $4-$5; National, Tennessee Avenue, $3-$4; Pierrepont, New Jersey Avenue, $4-$6; Walton, Virginia Avenue, $3.50; New England, South Carolina Avenue, $3.50-$6. European plan: Absecon, Virginia Avenue, $1.50 up; Beaumont, Tennes- see Avenue, $1.50-$2; Ralston, St. James Place, $2-$3; Wellesboro, Ken- tucky Avenue, $2. The Atlantic City plan, which takes care of local conven- tion expenses, requires guests of the few hotels not included in these lists to pay an additional dollar for the privilege of attending meetings on the Million Dol- lar Pier. Teachers living in Atlantic City also pay this additional dollar. Hotel reservations may be had by writ- ing to R. S. Erlandson, Assistant Secre- tary, 1201 Sixteenth Street N: W.., Washington, D.C. Many of the larger hotels are already booked full and some range of choice should be allowed in making requests. Mr. Erlandson will make special effort to accommodate members. Election of Officers Department of Superintendence E, the members of the Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association, reassert our be- lief in democracy. We reaffirm our convictions that a system of public education is funda- mentally essential to a democratic civil- ization. We believe that such a system of pub- lic education should train all our youth in good citizenship by the practice of the habits of democratic behavior as well as by formal instruction. We further believe that the procedure and practice of our educational organi- zations, such as the Department of Sup- erintendence, must conform to the ideals which we set for our youthful citizenship and to the principles to which we give allegiance. Therefore, be it resolved by the De- partment of Superintendence of the N. E. A. that our procedure in the election of our officers be so changed that the rank and file of our membership shall have a voice in the selection of the offi- cers of the Department. Be it further resolved that the officers of the Department shall be elected in accordance with the following plan: 1.—Any active member of the Depart- ment of Superintendence may between January 1st and February 15th of each year, file with the Secretary of the N. E. A. a nomination for each office in the Department, which nomination shall be placed upon the primary ballot as here- inafter provided. 2.—In each January issue of the N. E, A. Bulletin, the Secretary of the N. E, A. shall print a notice calling for nomi- nations for the several offices of the Department of Superintendence. 3.—In each February issue of the N. E. A. Bulletin, the Secretary of the N, E. A. shall print an alphabetical list of all persons who have been nominated for each of the several offices by - the date when the Bulletin is issued. 4.—The Secretary of the N. E. A. shall prepare printed primary ballots on which shall be alphabetically arranged under each office to be filled the names of all persons who have been nominated for that office by February 15th of that year, together with the educational position occupied by the person named and the date when he joined the Association. 5.—Each active member of the De- partment who registers before 5:00 p.m. of Wednesday of the week of the meet- ing shall be given a primary ballot on which he may indicate by means of a cross his choice for each office to be filled. In case three nominations shall not have been made for any office, voters may write in the names of another candidate, but if three nominations shall have been made, votes for other candi- dates shall not be counted. 6.—The Secretary and Vice-President of the Department shall constitute a canvassing board to count the ballots cast by the active members of the De- partment and the result shall be re- ported by the President at the first regular session of the Department held on Thursday. 7.—Election ballots shall be by the Secretary of the N. E. A. con- taining under each office to be filled the names of the two persons who in the primary ballot had received the largest number of votes for that office, arrang- ing the names in the order of number of votes received. In case two or more persons were tied for second place in the primary ballot, all such names shall be placed on the election ballot in alpha- betical order. 8.—At the annual business meeting the active members shall elect the ofh- cers by majority vote from the nomina- tions made as the result of the primary election, using the election ballots pro- vided. A motion was passed to appoint a committee of five to report on the see- ond day of the meeting of 1921, on such other suitable ways and means as may be necessary to carry into effect the spirit and purpose of these resolutions. This committee consists of the follow- ing: A. E. Winship, Boston, Mass., Chair- man; R. G. Jones, Cleveland, Ohio; Her- bert S. Weet, Rochester, N. Y.; J. W. Sexton, Lansing, Mich.; E. C. Hartwell, Buffalo, N. Y. prepared Nominations HE nominations on going to press are as follows (others will be printed in the March JourNAL): For President—Wil- liam L. Ettinger, Superintendent City Schools, New York City; John F. Keat- ing, Superintendent City Schools, Pueblo, Colo.; Herbert S. Weet, Superintendent City Schools, Rochester, N. Y.; Charl 0. Williams, County Superintendent of Schools, Memphis, Tenn.; John W. Withers, (Continued on page 37) EME TCO TT TEI TT RR Ye PRET m -Q a re Be Jo = wD = < H F F , E. mi- the N. N. of ited the hall lich ider all for ear, tion the n. De- .m, eet- on fia be hall hice, ther hall ndi- lent e a lots De- re- first held 1red -on- illed the vest ing- r of lore the | be pha- ting offi- \ina- nary pro- it a sec- such may the ions low- hair- Her W. well, ; are d in Wil- City Ceat- eblo, ident of hers, EET ES BAD USIC will be conducted through- out the meetings of the Depart- ment of Superintendence by Albert E. Brown, Boston, Massachusetts. Officers Calvin N. Kendall, Commissioner of Edu- cation, Trenton, N. J., President. &. A. Smith, Superintendent of City Schools, Evanston, Ill., First Vice- President. J. M. Gwinn, Superintendent of City Schools, New Orleans, La., Second Vice-President. Belle M. Ryan, Assistant Superintendent of City Schools, Omaha, Nebr., Sec- retary. Morning Service Sunday, February 27 Henry van Dyke, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. Evening Service John H. Finley, recently Commissioner of Education of the State of New York. Monday Morning February 28, 9:30 o’clock The Great Problem in American Educa- tion—The Rural School. What has been accomplished? What is the solution? (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) Will C. Wood, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Sacramento, Calif. Ralph Decker, Superintendent of Schools, Sussex County, N. J. W. L. Harding, Ex-Governor of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. W. C. Bagley, Teachers College, New York, N. Y., THe Arms oF RURAL EpUCATION. Open discussion, speakers limited to ten minutes, led by Ernest Burnham, State Normal School, Kalamazoo, Mich.; Elizabeth Kelly, Department of Education, Raleigh, N. C. Monday Afternoon February 28, 2:30 o’clock Some Ideals and Accomplishments of the School System I Represent (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) H. S. Weet, Superintendent City Schools, Rochester, N. Y. David B. Corson, Superintendent City Schools, Newark, N. J. Frank B. Cooper, Superintendent City Schools, Seattle, Wash. Randall J. Condon, Superintendent City Schools, Cincinnati, Ohio. Monday Evening February 28, 8:00 o’clock (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) Frank V. Thompson, Superintendent of City Schools, Bostorl, Mass., THE SCHOOLING OF THE IMMIGRANT. Frank Cody, Superintendent of City Schools, Detroit, Mich, WHat ONE REPRESENTATIVE City Is Doinc IN TEACHING AMERICANIZATION. Arthur W. Dunn, Specialist in Civic Edu- cation, U. S. Bureau of Education, and Associate National Director, Juntor Red Cross, Washington, D. C., Proc- RESS IN THE Civic TRAINING OF YOUNG AMERICA, Department of Superintendence Tuesday Morning March 1, 9:00 o’clock Best Use of the Superintendent’s Time (Speakers limited to twenty-five minutes) James H. Van Sickle, Superintendent City Schools, Springfield, Mass. Charles S. Meek, Superintendent City Schools, Madison, Wis., and Professor of Education, University of Wisconsin. H. B. Wilson, Superintendent City Schools, Berkeley, Calif. Charl O. Williams, Superintendent of Schools, Shelby County, Memphis, Tenn CALVIN N. KENDALL President Department of Superintendence Open discussion, leaders limited to ten min- utes each, led by Bennett B. Jackson, Superintendent City Schools, Minne- apolis, Minn.; James O. Engleman, Superintendent City Schools, Decatur, Ill. First Business Meeting, 11:30 o’clock— Report of the Committee on the Method of Electing Officers of the Department. Tuesday Afternoon March 1, 2:30 o’clock The Probable Future of Education in the United States—Its Policies and Programs (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) Henry Snyder, Superintendent City Schools, Jersey City, N. J. Lotus D. Coffman, President University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Frank E. Spaulding, Head of Department of Education, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. M. L. Burton, President University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 133 | Open discussion, leaders limited to fifteen minutes, led by Robert J. Aley, Presi- dent State University, Orono, Maine. and John W. Withers, Superintendent City Schools, St. Louis, Mo. Tuesday Evening March 1, 8:00 o’clock Livingston Lord, Principal of State Normal School, Charleston, Ill., THe IpEALS oF THE TEACHER, Wednesday Morning March 2, 9:30 o’clock The Great Need of the Schools—Bettes Teaching. How Shall We Get It? (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) Mrs. Susan M. Dorsey, Superintendent City Schools, Los Angeles, Calif. Zenos E. Scott, Superintendent City Schools, Louisville, Ky. Walter A. Jessup, President University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Charles H. Judd, Dean of Department of Education, University of Chicago, Chicago, III. Wednesday Afternoon March 2, 2:30 o’clock Departmental Meetings Cities less than 50,000—Chairman, H M. Maxson, Superintendent City Schools, Plainfield, N. J. General Subject Grading Teachers’ Salaries E. S. Evenden, Columbia University, New York, N. Y., Founpation PrINcIPLES; T. J. Knapp, Superin- tendent City Schools, Highland Park, Mich., A MuicHiGAN PLAN; U. G. Wheeler, Superintendent City Schools, Newton, Mass., A Massa- CHUSETTS PLAN; F. E. Downes, Superintendent City Schools, Har- risburg, Pa. A PENNSYLVANIA PLAN. General discussion—Leaders: M. N. Mc- Iver, Superintendent City Schools, Oshkosh, Wis., and H. D. Hervey, Superintendent City Schools, Au- burn, N. Y. Cities 50,000 to 250,000—Chairman, Louis P. Benezet, Superintendent City Schools, Evansville, Ind.; I. M. Allen, Superin- tendent City Schools, Springfield, Ill, A PLAN FOR REPORTING TO PARENTS THE RESULTS OF EDUCATIONAL MEASURE- MENTS. Debate: Is THE JUNIOR HiGH ScHoor ‘Dre LIVERING THE Goons’? Affirmative, Bal- lard D. Remy, Principal Forest Park Junior High School, Springfield, Mass. ; Negative, L. C. Ward, Superintendent City Schools, Fort Wayne, Ind. Open discussion, leaders limited to five minutes, led by J. W. Studebaker, Super intendent City Schools, Des Moines, Iowa; A. W. Beasley, Superintendent City Schools, Peoria, Ill.; Charles S. Foos, Superintendent City~Schools, Read- ing, Pa. Cities 250,000 to 450,000—Chairman, J. M. Gwinn, Superintendent City Schools, New Orleans, La. General Subject How May TeacHers Be Pai Accorpinc TO Merit RATHER THAN BY A SCHEDULE (Continued on page 37) 34 THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucaATiION ASSOCIATION _February, 19a Tentative Programs of Departments and Allied Organizations MERICAN School Citizenship A League and The Junior Red Cross will hold a joint meeting on Saturday afternoon, Feb. 26, at St. Paul’s M. F. Church. _The following program, followed by a discussion, will be given: E. O. Sisson. President University of Montana, The New World Outlook and the American School Citizenship League; J. F. Hosic. Chicago Normal College and Associate National Director of the Junior Red Cross, The Program of the Junior Red Cross; F. P. Woellner, Buffalo Normal School, A New Point of View in His- tory—The Demand for a New Organiza- tion and a Subject Matter. The officers of the American School Citizenship League are: President, Ran- dall J. Condon, Cincinnati, Ohio; Secre- tary, Fannie Fern Andrews, Boston. Mass. ; The chairman of the Junior Red Cross is: Arthur W. Dunn, National Di- rector Junior Red Cross, Washington, D.C SSOCIATION of Teachers of Crip- 4 \pled Children will hold a round table Wednesday afternoon, March 2, at Room 16, Hotel Chalfonte. The officers are: President, Mrs. Julia L. McGrew, 1805 Dupont Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.; Chair- man, B. Jackson, Superintendent Schools, Minneapolis, Minn. OMMISSION on the Reorganization of Secondary Education will hold morning and afternoon conferences on Wednesday, March 2, at the High School Auditorium. The morning conference will be ad- dressed by Edmund B. De Sauze, Direc- tor of Foreign Languages, Cleveland, Ohio; Edwin L. Miller, Principal North- ern High School, Detroit, Mich.; Dr. David Snedden, Professor of Educa- tional Sociology, Teachers College, Co- lumbia University; and Dr. J. L. Tildsley, District Superintendent of Schools, New York City, on the topic, The Place of Foreign Languages in Secondary Educa- tion—Why, for Whom, When, and How Much, followed by general discussion. The afternoon session will be ad- dressed by Otis W. Caldwell, Director Lincoln School, New York City, Chair- man of the Committee on Science; Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin, U. S. Bureau of Education, Chairman of the Committee on Home Economics; J. W. Young, Dartmouth College, Chairman of the National Committee on Mathematical Requirements, the Mathematical Asso- ciation of America: and J. A. Foberg, Crane Technical High School, Chicago, Ill., Vice-Chairman of the National Com- mittee on Mathematical Requirements, the Mathematical Association of Amer- ica. These speakers will discuss the fundamental principles in the reorganiza- tion of subjects in the various depart- ments which they -represent. The Chairman is C. D. Kingsley, Department of Education, State House, Boston, Mass. OMMUNITY Center Section under the auspices of the National Com- munity Center Association will hold conferences Saturday morning and after- noon, February 26, and Thursday after- 3, in Room 17, Hotel noon, March Chalfonte. The officers are: President, Mrs. Louis D. Brandeis, Washington, D. C.; Chair- man, Clarence A. Perry, New York City; Secretary, Eugene C. Gibney, New York City. ONFERENCE on Sex Education in Schools under the auspices of the U. S. Bureau of Education and the U. S. Public Health Service, Saturday after- noon, February 26, at Massachusetts Avenue School; Dr. B. C. Gruenberg, Assistant Director of Educational Work, U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C., in charge. OUNCIL of State Superintendents will hold conferences Friday and Saturday, February 25 and 206. The Friday morning conference will be addressed by Lorraine Elizabeth Woos- ter, State Superintendent of ‘Schools, Topeka, Kans.; N. P. Shawkey, Charles- ton, W. Va., County Superintendents’ Salaries; Mary C. Bradford, Denver, Colo., Thrift in Our Schools. The Friday afternoon conference will be addressed by C. P. Cary, Madison, Wis, Election of State Superintendents; P. E. McClenaham, Des Moines, Iowa, County Normal Institutes; John N. Mat- zen, Lincoln, Nebr., Elimination of Non- Essentials. The Friday evening meeting will be addressed by Dr. A. E. Winship, Editor Journal of Education, Boston, Mass., Non- Essentials in Courses of Study; M. C. Brumbaugh, Ex-Governor of Pennsyl- vania, Philadelphia, Pa., Physical Educa- tion. Saturday morning the conference will be addressed by L. N. Hines, Indian- apolis, Ind., Certification of Teachers; Sam A. Baker, Jefferson City, Utah; L. T. Muir, Sa:t Lake City, Utah. Saturday afternoon the conference will be addressed by Will C. Wood, Sacramento, Calif.; Annie Webb Blanton, Austin, Texas, Federal Aid to Schools; Harry E. Olcson, Chief Justice, Munici- pal Court, Chicago, Ill., Needed Care of Defectives. Saturday evening after dinner the con- ference will be addressed by Senator Capper, Congressman-elect Robertson of Oklahoma, Congressman Simeon D. Fess of Ohio, and Congressman An- drews of Nebraska. Mr. Harding may be present. The officers are: President, Lorraine Elizabeth Wooster, State Superintendent of Schools, Topeka, Kans.; Secretary, Augustus O. Thomas, State Superin- tendent, Augusta, Maine. EPARTMENTS of Education in State Universities and Land Grant Colleges will hold a conference Saturday afternoon, February 26, at 3:30 o'clock, at Marlborough Park Avenue Hall. All delegates attending this conference are requested to come prepared to par- ticipate in the following discussions: The purpose, function, and constituency of the Association, including justification for its existence, its concrete problems as opposed to those in non-State institu- tions, the question of holding open meet- ings or of limiting meetings to accredited & should be formal or informal; extensig, services to the public schools, to teachey as individuals, and to local communities! and the organization, financing, and aq ministration of such services; the training) of teachers to meet the provision of tt} Smith-Hughes law; how to make effec.§ tive the provisions of the Smith-Towne! bill on passing; the legal right to certif., cate teachers, the accrediting of normal delegates, and whether its en school work, validating of interstat? certificates; ways of fostering State school legislation. The officers are: President, C. Q Davis, University of Michigan, Am Arbor, Mich.; Secretary, F. J. Kelly University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans DUCATIONAL Press Associatio, of America wiil hold a conference q 2 o'clock, Thursday, February 24, iy) Meeting Room, Hotel Dennis. Some syb! jects to be discussed are: One Hu dred Per Cent Subscriptions for the Stat Educational Journal, Voting Contest and Prizes for Stimulating Subscriptions Popular Features or Departments, Edy cational News Field, Lower Productigy’ Costs and Former Postage Rates, King! of Advertising, etc. Some of these topig) have been accepted; select your topic anf write the secretary at once. The officers are: President, H. G. Wi liams, Editor, Ohio Teacher, Columbus Ohio; Secretary, Geo. L. Towne, Edito; Nebraska Teacher, Lincoln, Nebr. NTERNATIONAL Kindergarte Union will hold a conference Thurs) day morning at 9 o'clock, March 3, af St. Paul’s M. E. Church. c The topic for the session, Condition That Make for Unification of Kinder. garten and Early Grades: (1) In the Curriculum, (2) In Method, (3) I Equipment, will be introduced by Lug Gage, George Peabody College fo Teachers, Nashville, Tenn., and discusse by the members of the Internation Kindergarten Union and the Nationd Council of Primary Education. The Bureau of Education Committe of the I. K. U. will meet Wednesday @ 2 o’clock at the Park Avenue conference room of the Marlborough-Blenheim. Al’ members of the general committee a well as the sub-committees are urged te be present. The officers are: President, Nina ( Vanderwalker, Bureau of Education Washington, D. C.; Secretary, May Mur ray, Springfield, Mass. ODERN Health Crusaders will pre sent a pageant on the Million Dol lar Pier, Monday noon, February a This pageant was staged twice in Wash) ington, D. C., last June, and it is est mated that some 25,000 children, teach ers, and parents attended. Modern Health Crusaders is an orgat ization under the direction of the Junio Red Cross andethe Tuberculosis Associa} tion. Charles W. De Forest, 381 Fourtl Ave., New York, N. Y., is Crusade Executive, in charge of the program. ATIONAL Association of Deans 0” Women will hold conferences @ Friday and Saturday, February 25 aft 26, at Hotel St. Charles. a The morning conference, which begitiy at 9:00 o'clock, will be addressed by Kristine Mann, The Health Center ff Women and Girls, New York City, Pay ing the Price for Health; Cora Franct) ees i= = OF Or Ly ihn Se ne ll aan | , 1921) ——} grams) EN Sigg achery! INitieg | id ad? ‘aining! of the} effec.! owner) certifi! 10rmal er state! State! C. @ Am Kelly, Kans Ciation -T1Ce a 24, iM e Stat on tests ptions , Edu luction! Kind? topig” ic and x. Wil lumbus Editor r garter Thurs: n 3, ae 1 dition: K inder. In the (3) th y Lug ze for scussel lationa jationa i mitte sday ai ferenc im. Aly ttee a rged te yina. ( ucation ry Mur vill pre yn Dol ary a Wash is esti teach orgat: | Junior \ssocia: Fourt! rusade am. eans 0 ices of 25 an - begia” sed by” iter for y, Pay Francés Vol. 10, No. 2 Stoddard, Director Scientific Temperance Investigation, Boston, _Mass., Health Considerations in the Entorcement of the Eighteenth Amendment; Lilian Welsh, Goucher College, Baltimore, Md., Health Instruction and Supervision. The afternoon meetings on Friday and Saturday, which begin at 2:30 0 clock, will be given over to the sectional con- ferences of University Deans of Women, College Deans, and Deans of Women, Normal School Deans ot Women, and High School Deans of Girly At the evening meeting Carrie Chap man Catt will give an address, The New Call to Women An informal reception will follow. Che which beg'ns at 9:00 o'clock, will be ad- dressed by Susan Miller Dorsey, Super- intendent of Schools, Los Angeles, Calif., Position and Responsibility of Women nold, Mass.; Bureau of York City, The National Federation of Business Clubs. Saturday given, at Smith College, will speak on The Inter national Federation of University Saturday morning’ conference, Public Education; Sarah Louise Ar- Dean, Simmons College, Boston, Emma P. Hirth, Director, The Vocational Information, New and Professional Women’s a luncheon will be Ada Comstock, Dean, noon, which Women, (Continued on page 36) National Council of Education Program for Its Meeting at Atlantic City, New Jersey, Saturday, February 26, and Tuesday Afternoon, March |, 1921, at Presbyterian Church HE leaders of the open forum will preside at their respective sessions, provide the speakers, conduct the discus- sions and make reports of the work and decisions to the secretary of the Council. Each leader should réport full list of all members of the Council in attendance at the conference. Officers Homer H. Seerley, President Iowa State Teachers College, Cedar Falls, Iowa, President. Josephine Corliss Preston, State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, Olympia, Wash., Vice-President. Adelaide Steele Baylor, Federal Agent for Home Economics, Washington, D. C., Secretary. First Session Saturday Morning, 9:00 o’clock General Meeting of All Members and Visitors President’s Address, THE Errects or Epvu- CATIONAL ExpaNsion, Homer H. Seerley, President Iowa State Teachers College, Cedar Falls, Iowa, ten minutes. Business, fifteen minutes. Statements of leaders of conferences, ten minutes each. Open Forums, separate rooms Conference on Social Hygiene, program and leader furnished by authority of the Committee on Health Program with the cooperation of the American Social Hy- giene Association; Leader appointed by Committee on Health. Conference of the PARTICIPATION OF THE IN SCHOOL Committee on TEACHERS MANAGEMENT; Leader, Harlan Updegraff, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., Chairman; Members: Susan M Dorsey, Los Angeles, Calif., P. W. Horn, Davidson, Houston, Tex., William M. Conference on Address, Statements of Conference of the Pittsburgh, Pa., Anna Laura Force, Den- Colo., Stella New Orleans, La., Cornelia S. Adair, Richmond, Va. NEEDED IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CouRSE—NEW Swus- JECTS TO BE ADDED, OLD SUBJECTS TO BE Omitted; Leader, Katherine D. Blake, Principal Public School No. 6, New York, N. Y. ver, Herron, CHANGES Second Session Saturday Afternoon, 2:00 o’clock General Mecting of All Members and Visitors THE IMPORTANCE OF AMERICAN Epucation, Fred M. Hunter, Superin- tendent of Schools, Oakland, Calif., fif- teen minutes. Business, ten minutes. leaders of conferences, ten minutes each. Open Forums, separate rooms Conference on THE EDUCATIONAL SURVEY Its Purpose, Motives, AND ACCOMPLISH- MENTS, SHOULD Its AIM BE AUTOCRACY, ARISTOCRACY, OR DeEMocRACY IN Epuca- TION; Leader, Dr. A. E. Winship, Editor Journal of Education, Boston, Mass. Organization of a committee for future reports will be provided if those in at- tendance so desire. Committee on Dermoc- RACY APPLIED TO EpucaATION: THE Cur- RICULUM Survey; Leader, Dr. A. Duncan Yocum, University of Pennsylvania, Phil- adelphia, Pa., Chairman; Members: Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean Simmons College, Boston, Mass., Fanny Fern Andrews, Boston, Mass., Walter S. Athearn, Boston University, Boston, Mass., Dr. W. C. Bagley, Columbia University, New York, N. Y., Arthur H. Chamberlain, San Fran- gee Calif., Olive N. Jones, New York, N. Y. Conference of the Committee on THE Re- ORGANIZATION OF THE SEVENTH, EIGHTH, AND NintH Grapes; Leader, Charles H. Judd, University of Chicago, Chicago, IIl., Chairman; Members: James M. Glass. Rochester, N. Y., J. H. Bentley, Rich- mond, Ind., Arthur Gould, Los Angeles, Calif., Charlies E. Chadsey, Urbana, III. Address, ‘THe JouRNAL OF THE NATIONAL’ EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 3 J. W. Withers, St. Louis, Mo., Ella J. Switzer, Denver, Colo., Annie Webb Blanton, Austin, Tex., Josephine C. Pres- ton, Olympia, Wash., Katherine D. Blake, New -York, N. Y., J. M. Gwinn, New Orleans, La. Third Session Saturday Evening, 7:30 o’clock General Meeting THe AMERICAN TEACHER, J. G. Crabbe, President State Teachers College, Greeley, Colo., fifteen minutes. Business, ten minutes. Statements of leaders of conferences, ten minutes each. Open Forums, separate rooms Leaders of each conference in charge as C ~ presiding officer. onference on THE STATE ADMINISTRATION oF Pusiic Epucation; Leader, C. P. Cary, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Madison, Wis.; Members: May Trumper, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Helena, Mont., Thomas E. Finegan, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pa., E. W. Butterfield, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Concord, N. H., Annie Webb Blanton, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Austin, Tex., T. tendent of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich., George Reavis, Assistant State Superintendent, Baltimore, Md. E. Johnson, Superin- ‘onference on TEACHER ProGREss By CoL LECTIVE ORGANIZATION; Leader, Olive N. Jones, New York, N. Y. Program will be organized, plans determined and confer- ence conducted by the leader. Committee will be organized permanently if those attending make such decision. Fourth Session Tuesday Afternoon, 2:00 o’clock General Meeting Address, EpucATION AND HEALTH, Thomas D. Wood, Columbia University, New York, N. Y., Chairman of Committee on Health Problems. Business, ten minutes. Report of the Committee on Health Prob- lems, Presbyterian Church. The commit- tee is composed of members of the Na- tional Education Association and of the American Medical Association; Thomas D. Wood, Columbia University, New York, N. Y., Chairman; Members: Robert J. Aley, Crono, Maine, Katherine D. Blake, New York, N. Y., Mrs. Mary C. Bradford, Denver, Colo., William H. Burnham, Worcester, Mass., P. P. Clax- ton, Washington, D. C., F. B. Dresslar, Nashville, Tenn., Ada Van Stone Harris, Pittsburgh, Pa., Clark W. Hetherington, Sacramento, Calif., William B. Owen, Chicago, Ill., Mrs. Josephine C. Preston, Olympia, Wash., Albert E. Winship, Bos- ton, Mass., Mrs. Ira Couch-Wood, Chi- cago, Ill., John F. Keating, Pueblo, Colo., Charles H. Keyes, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Mrs. Margaret S. McNaught, Sacramento, Calif. Conference of the Committee on Thrift, First Presbyterian Church; Leader, Ar- thur H. Chamberlain, Editor Sierra Edu- cational News, San Francisco, Calif.. Chairman. The program will be organ- ized, plans determined and conference conducted by the leader. The Committee on Rural Education has postponed its re- port until the meeting at Des Moines, lowa, July, 1921. Meeting of Committee on Rural Education, John F. Sims, Chairman. a Fe PERT LT APL Se OT Ne TI ne ee ‘Function of Supervision; THE JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL — TENTATIVE PROGRAMS (Continued from page 35) and M. Carey Thomas, President, Bryn Mawr College, on International Relation- ships of University Women and Inter- national Club Houses. The officers are: President, Mina Kerr, Dean, Milwaukee-Downer College, Mil- waukee, Wis.; Secretary, Katherine S. Alvord, Dean of Women, De Pauw Uni- versity, Greencastle, Ind. ATIONAL Association of Directors of Educational Research will hold morning and afternoon meetings for members only on Saturday, February 26, the morning meeting to be held at the Garden Room and the afternoon meeting at Room 21, Hotel Chalfonte. An open meeting will be held Thursday, March 3, morning and afternoon sessions at Had- don Hall and the evening session at Hotel Traymore. The morning conference, which begins at 9:00 o’clock, will discuss The Use of Intelligence Tests. It will be addressed by B. R. Buckingham, University of Illi- nois; O. S. Johnson, St. Paul Public Schools; Charles Fordyce, University of Nebraska; Harriet L. Barthelmess, Bos- ton Public Schools; Guy M. Whipple, University of Michigan; Ira J. Bright, Leavenworth Public Schools; E. L. Thorndike and Ben Woods, Teachers College, Columbia University. The afternoon conference, which con- venes at 2:00 o'clock, will be addressed by W. S. Gray, University of Chicago, Diagnostic and Remedial Steps in Read- ing; Ernest Horn, University of Iowa, A Constructive Program in the Develop- ment of Ability to Read Complicated Materials; Harold O. Rugg, Lincoln School, Teachers College, Columbia Uni- versity, The Curriculum in Economic and Social Studies; S. A. Courtis, Detroit Public Schools, Research as a Distinct Carter Alex- ander, Department of Public Instruction, Wisconsin, How to Present Educational Measurements in such a way as to Influ- ence the Public Favorably; J. Ash- baugh, University of Iowa. At 6 o’clock there will be a dinner at Hotel Traymore, followed by the presi- dent’s address and business meeting. The president is M. E. Haggerty. School of Education, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. ATIONAL Association of Directors of Supervised Student Teaching will hold conferences Monday morning, Feb- ruary 28, Tuesday afternoon, March 1, and Wednesday evening, March 2, on the veranda of Hotel Breakers. At the Monday and Tuesday confer- ences the subject, Student Teaching as a Definite Part of Teacher Training, will be discussed. After the dinner, Wednes- day evening, 6 o'clock, a short business meeting will be held. The officers are: President, A. R. Mead, Ohio Wesleyan University, Dela- ware, Ohio; Secretary, Robert A. Cum- mins, State Normal College, Natchi- toches, La. ATIONAL Association of Teachers’ Agencies will hold a_ conference Tuesday afternoon, at 2 o’clock, March 1, at the Casino of Hotel Brighton. The meeting will be addressed by Dr. Edwin A. Shaw, School of “Education, Harvard University, The Agency and the Teacher; Superintendent Elmer E. Arnold, Pelham Manor, N. Y., The Agency and the Em- ployer; Walter E. Russell, Principal State Normal School, Gorham, Maine. The officers are: President, C. W. Mul- ford, 366 Fifth Ave., New York City; Secretary, C. W. Cary, Hartford, Conn. ATIONAL Child Welfare Associa- tion will hold a conference-breakfast at the Hotel Chalfonte, Wednesday, March 2, at 8 o’clock. The meeting will be addressed by Dr. A. E. Winship, Bos- ton, Mass., The Child as a Twenty-four Hour Problem; Dr. George D. Strayer, Columbia University, Child Welfare and the Schools; Dr. Ernest L. Crandall, Board of Education, New York City, The Value of Visual Instruction; Charles F. Powlison, National Child Welfare Association, New York City, Lectures through Pictorial Representation. The officers are: President, Judge Wil- liam H. Wadhams, New York City; Sec- retary, Charles F. Powlison, 7o Fifth Avenue, New York City. ATIONAL Conference on Educa- tional Method will hold morning and afternoon conferences on Tuesday, March 1, at St. Paul’s M. E. Church. The meetings will be addressed by Dr. James F. Hosic, Chicago Normal Col- lege, Chicago, Ill., The Scope and Signifi- cance of Educational Method; Rose Car- rigan, Boston, Mass., Experiments in Project Teaching and Supervision; C. L. Wright, Huntington, W. Va., The High School Project; Margaret Noonan, Har- ris Teachers College, St. Louis, Mo., Relation of Text Books to Project Method; C. C. Certain, Detroit, Mich., Administrative Conditions for Project Teaching. The officers are: Chairman, W. H. Kilpatrick, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City; J. F. Hosic, Chicago, III. Secretary, go tag em Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations will hold afternoon and evening confer- ences on Thursday, March 3, at the First Presbyterian Church. The afternoon conference, which be- gins at 2:30 o’clock, will be addressed by Julia Wade Abbott, U. S. Bureau of iducation, Washington, D. C., What the School Owes the Child; M. V. O’Shea, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., The Parents’ Responsibility to the Child and the Neighbor’s Child; Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education, Boston, Mass., The State’s Responsibility to Its Children. The evening conference, which con venes at 8 o'clock, will be addressed by Julia Lathrop, Chief Children’s Bureau, Washington, D. C., The Nation’s Re- sponsibility to Its Children; W. C. Bag- ley, Teachers College, Columbia Uni- versity, New York City, The Nation’s Opportunity in the Training of Its Citizens. The officers are: President, Mrs. Mil- ton P. Higgins, Worcester, Mass.; Sec- retary, Florence Watkins, 1201 Six- teenth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. ATIONAL Council of Administra- tive Women in Education will hold afternoon and evening conferences on Wednesday, March 2, at the First Pres- byterian Church. The afternoon conference will be ad- dressed by Wilbur F. Gordy, Chairman History Committee, American School Epucation _ASSOCIATION February, 192 Citizenship League, A Complete Course | in History for the Elementary Schools: Edward O. Sisson, University of Mop. tana, The Teaching of Foreign Rela. tions; Reports from Vice-Presidents ang§ the Committee on Training for Civic Responsibility, this committee having | charge of the program for the evening session. The officers are: President, Mary D Bradford, Kenosha, Wis.; Secretary, E}. vira D. Cabell, Chicago, Il. ; a ATIONAL Council of Garden’ Teachers will hold conferences Sat.§ urday afternoon, February 26, and Mon.) day morning, February 28, at Room 7) Blackstone Hotel. ; The Saturday conference, which begins f at 2 o'clock, will consist of a meeting off the committees on Constitution and By.f Laws, Garden Courses in Normal cho Garden Courses in Large Cities, Garden! Courses in Small Cities, and Schoolf Credit for Gardening. The Monday conference, which begins at 10 o'clock, will be devoted to reports of the committees named above, repre. sented by C. M. Weed, L. S. Ivins, John] A. Hollinger, Orton W. Lowe, and F, Af Merrill. e The Secretary is John Hollinger, Ful. ton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. 9 gerd reggae Council of Primary Edv. cation will hold its annual meeting; aw afternoon, March 3, at St! Paul’s M. E. Church. The topic for the session, Conditions which Make for Continuity in Subject} Matter and Method in Kindergarten and! First Grade, will be jointly discussed by | The National Council of Primary Educa-= tion and The International Kinde rgarten Union. The chairman is Ella Victoria Dobbs. University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. ATIONAL Council of Social Science Teachers—a preliminary organiza tion meeting will be held Thursday, March 3, at 2:30 o’clock, at the Casino, Hotel Brighton. a This meeting will be addressed by® E. U. Rugg, Teachers College, Columbia University; D. C. Knowlton, Lincoln School, New York City; H. H. Moore, Washington, D. C.; J. M. Gambrill, Teachers College, Columbia University; R. L. Finney, University of Minnesota; H. V. Church, J. Sterling Morton High* School, Cicero, Ill. A general discussion 7 precedes the appointment of an organ | zation committee. Following a dinner of the Social Sci ence Teachers, Thursday, March 3, at 6 o'clock, there will be a report of the committee on organization of the Coun 7 cil, and addresses by A. E. McKinley. Managing Editor, Historical Outlook, Phil adelphia, Pa., and W. C. Bagley, Teach- ers College, Columbia University. ATIONAL Council of Teachers oi” Mathematics will hold conferences” bg afternoon and evening, March? 3, at Hotel Chalfonte, Rooms 16 and 17 : The afternoon conference will be aé dressed by Dr. David Eugene Smith Teachers College, Journals of Europe? ons Teachers of Mathematics; J. R. Clark, 7 Editor, The Lincoln School, New York? City, Plans and Policy of The Mathematics) Teacher. A round-table discussion follows | The evening session wll be addressed by W. E. Betz and Raleigh Schorling | The Lincoln School, New York City 7 ig s gee Gee CR Oe egins © 1g of) | By-# hools, ” arden chool © eging ports ‘epre- John F. Aj Ful- Edu. -eting t itions ibject n and ed by = ‘duca- © rarten Ue Jobbs, Mo. cience aniza- rsday, ‘asino, | d byt umbia incoln Moore, mbrill, ersity; esota: High © ussion yrgani- © al Sci- 3, at 6 of the Coun: © Kinley. >, Phil- T each- 1ers ol srences March ind 17. be ad- é Smith, © Europe © . Clark, © + York © ematics — ollows | dressed rorling, | k City, % Vol. 10, No. 2 ——— THE Jou and Dr. Geometry Art; Lecture on Illustrated ¢ i Nature and Appreciation in W. Young, Dartmouth College, The Work of the National Committee on Mathematical Requirements. A discus- sion follows. : The officers are: President, C. M. Aus- tin, Oak Park, IIL; Secretary, J. A. Fo berg, 3829 N. Tripp Ave., Chicago, III. ATIONAL Society of College Teach- N ers of Education will hold conter- afternoon and_ evening, and Saturday morning, February 26, in the Traymore library. The afternoon session, which begins at 2 o'clock, will be devoted to reports of the Committee on Preparation ot Curriculum in Education, A. J. Jones, chairman, and the Committee on Stan- dardizing Colleges, Schools, and Depart- ments of Education, J. E. 3utterworth, chairman. Short addresses will be given by A. Duncan Yocum, Uniform Nomen clature; H. W. Nutt, Common Content in Special Method Courses; A. J. Jones, The Determination of the Actual Needs of Teachers; S. H. Courtis, Standards of ences Friday February 25, Teaching Ability; A. R. Brubacker, Measuring Teaching Personality; S. B. Davis, A Teacher-[mprovement Score Card. The Friday evening session, which be- gins at 8 o'clock, will be addressed by H. H. Foster, Student-Teaching under the Smith-Hughes Law; A. V. Storm, Student-Teaching in Land Grant Col- leges; W. S. Gray, Distribution of the Student-Teacher’s Time; C. F. Fordyce, Correlations between Tests and Rating of Student-Teachers; L. B. Hill, A Prog- ress Report on the Ratings of Student- Teachers; W. P. Burris, The Cincinnati Plan of Student-Teaching; A. L. Hall- Quest, Training Teachers to Supervise Study; F. C. Lansittle, Giving Effective- ness to Observation Work; W. B. Rus- sell, Scientific Method of Determining the Distribution of School Funds; E. O. Sisson, The Relation of the American School Citizenship League to the Train- ing of High School Teachers. The Saturday morning session will be given over to ten-minute reports on The Use of Intelligence Tests in certain insti- tutions as represented by L. L. Thurs- tone, Carnegie Institution of Technology; Stephen S. Colvin, Brown University; Agnes L. Rogers, Goucher College; R. A. Kent, Duluth City Schools; W. L. Dearborn, Harvard University. Studies in Curriculum-making will be reported by Ernest Horn, University of Iowa; W. W. Charters, Carnegie Institute of Technology; H. O. Rugg, Teachers Col- lege, Columbia University; John M. Brewer, Harvard University; Chas. H. Judd, University of Chicago. The officers are: President, F. J. Kelly, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.; Secretary, Florence E. Bamberger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. NATIONAL Vocational Guidance As- sociation will hold morning, after- noon, and evening conferences on Friday and Saturday, February 25 and 26, at the High School Auditorium. At the Friday morning session, which begins at 10 o’clock, the topic, Accom- plishments in Tests in Relation to Voca- tional Guidance, will be discussed by William Proctor, Stanford University; Ruth L. Clark, Vocational Guidance Bu- reau, New York City; Hermione Dealey, University of Minnesota; Maurice S IRNAL OF THE NATIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION Vitelles, Helen T. Cincinnati The University of Pennsylvania; Woolley, Vocational Bureau, Public Schools. afternoon session, which begins at 2 o'clock, will be addressed by John M. Brewer, Cambridge, Mass.; A. J. Cloud, San Francisco, Calif.; Annie F. Slattery, Malden, Mass.; Helen M. Ben- nett, Chicago, Il.; Lucy W. W. Wilson, Philadelphia, Pa. The evening session, which begins at 7:30 o'clock, will be addressed by Fred- erick G. Bonser, Teachers College, Co- lumbia University; Anna B. Pratt, Phila- delphia, Pa.; Alice K. Pollitzer, New York City; Josiah B. Buell, Russell Sage Foundation. The Saturday morning conference, which begins at 9 o'clock, will consist of reports from the field associations in New York City, Chicago, Minneapolis, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, New England, and California, as well as from Wash- ington Junior High School, Rochester, N. Y., and other organizations and cities. he afternoon session, following lunch- eon, will be devoted to business. The evening session will be given over to demonstrations and stunts. The officers are: President, John M. Brewer; Treasurer, I. B. Morgan; Secre- tary, Russell H. Allen, 261 Broadway, New York City. CHOOL Garden Association of Amer- ica will hold conferences Tuesday afternoon, March 1, and Wednesday af- ternoon, March 2, at Hotel Blackstone. The Tuesday conference will be ad- dressed by M. A. Bigelow, Teachers College, New York City, Educational Foundations of School Gardens; Jessie B. Colburn, Prin. P. S. 61, Manhattan, New York City, School Gardening in the Tenements; O. M. Eastman, Supervisor of Gardens, Cleveland, Ohio, Horticul- ture for the City Schools; Mrs. Susan Sipe Alburtis, Normal School, Washing- ton, D. C., Status of Nature-Study and Gardening at the National Capital; Jo- seph S. Taylor, District Superintendent, New York City; School Gardens in Con- gested Neighborhoods; H. D. Hemen- way, President Connecticut Chautauqua, Landscape Gardening; George A. Bren- nan, Principal Van Vlissingen School, Chicago, Ill, Practical School Gardening; Georgia P. Devine, Teacher P. S. 40, Manhattan, N. Y., Food Gardens; A. J. Pennell, Superisor Agriculture, Bloom- field, N. J., A School Garden Fair; Ruth C. Miller, State Director Vocation Edu- cation, N. Mex., The School Garden and the Community. The Wednesday conference will be ad- dressed by Ray P. Snyder, Supervisor New York State, School Directed Garden Projects; Ellen Eddy Shaw, Curator Elementary Instruction, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, School Garden Codperation; John A. Hollinger, Director Nature Study and School Gardens, Pittsburgh, Pa., Gardening in the City School Cur- riculum; Mrs. Harriet R. McGraw, De- troit, Mich., School Gardening in Detroit; W. H. D. Meier, Department of School Gardening, Normal School, Framingham, Mass., Instruction in Food Values in Relation to Gardening; Nellie P. Hewins, Newton High School, New York, N. Y., the School Garden, a Lab- oratory for Nature Study and Biological Sciences; F. A. Merrill, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.., The Educational Phases of School Gardening; E. Ruth Pyrtle, Principal McKinley School, Lincoln, Nebr., School Gardens of Lincoln; L. A. De Wolfe, Director Rural Science, Truro, Nova Scotia; W. A. Torrance, Principal Gram mar School, Jamestown, N. Y., How Can We Make the Most Out of Ameri can Gardens?; A. C. Gorham, Director Rural Science, N. B., Obstacles Con fronting Semi-Rural School Gardening. The officer in charge is: First Vice President, V. E. Kilpatrick, 124 W. 30th St., New York City. ISUAL Education Section will hold a conference Wednesday afternoon, March 2, in the Traymore Rose Room. It will be addressed by John A. Hol- linger, Director of Visual Department, Pittsburgh, Pa., Materials and Methods of Visual Education; J. W. Shepard, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla., Shall We Harness the Motion Picture: W. M. Gregory, Cleveland, Ohio, Mate- rial and Its Arrangement for Educa- tional Motion Pictures. The round- table discussion which follows will be led by Supt. C. O. Detrich, Kane, Nebr. The officers are: President, L. N. Hines, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Indianapolis, Ind.; Chas. F. Pye, Secretary I. S. T. A., Des Moines, Iowa. NOTES AND ANNOUNCEMENTS (Continued from page 32) Superintendent City Schools, St. Louis, Mo.; R. G. Jones, Cleveland, Ohio; J. M. Gwinn, New Orleans, La. For Vice-President— E. C. Broome, Superintendent City Schools, East Orange, N. J.; Will C. Wood, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Sac- ramento, Calif. For Second Vice-Presi- dent—Frank W. Ballou, Superintendent City Schools, Washington, D. C.; Will C. Wood, State Superintendent of Public In- struction; Sacramento, Calif. For Secre- tary—Theda Gildemeister, Winona State Normal School, Winona, Minn.; Belle M. Ryan, Assistant Superintendent City Schools, Omaha, Nebr. DEPARTMENT OF SUPERIN- TENDENCE (Continued from page 33) Pay1inc ALIKE Goop, Poor, ANp INDIF- FERENT. Special Subjects THE MEANING OF MerIT; THE QUALITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS THAT SHOULD BE REWARDED BY More Pay; By Wuom SHOULD THE MERIT oF A TEACHER BE MEASURED? How SHoutp Merit Be MEASURED ? AND GROWTH KELATION OF SCHOLARSHIP IN SCHOLARSHIP TO MERIT AND Pay; RELATION oF YEARS’ ExXpE- RIENCE TO MERIT AND Pay; SALARY DIFFERENCES, IF ANy, BASED ON RANK OR CLASS OF THE TEACHER; RELATION OF DIFFICULTY oF PosITION AND QUANTITY oF WorkK To Pay; RELATION oF NEEDS OF THE CHILD AND THE SUPPLY OF TEACHERS To Pay; How Swart Merit Be Ex- PRESSED IX THE SALARY” SCHEDULE? Leaders of discussion, limited to seven min- utes each—R. J. Condon, Cincinnati, Ohio; D. A. Grout, Portland, Oregon; B. B. Jackson, Minneapolis, Minn.; E. U. Graff, Indianapolis, Ind.; David B. Cor- son, Newark, N. J.; Frank B. Cooper. Seattle, Wash.; F. W. Ballou, Washing- ton, D. C.; Jesse Newlon, Denver, Colo.;° H. S. Weet, Rochester, N. Y.; Henry ZEA Printing As a‘Prevocational Subject RINTING combines virtually all the desirable features that are re- quired of the ideal manual activity in education. Printing is an art in which the raw materials are words— words of all languages—requiring in its finished product a utilization of the principles of nearly all academic stud- ies. Included in these studies are reading, grammar, spelling, punctua- tion, word division and capitalization. As aVocational Subject T HE Printing industry needs men —competent and well-trained workers in all branches of the indus- try. Employers and employees are fully alive to the seriousness of the shortage of workmen in the printing and allied industries and probably would welcome a suggestion that they co-operate in apprentice education. Many schools are now furnishing edu- cation in printing. For information regarding these schools and sugges- tions regarding co-operation between educators and the printing industry, write to Frank K, Puituips, Manager Epucation DEPARTMENT eAmerican 1 ype Founders Co. 300 Communipaw Avenue Jersey City, N. J. SELLING HOUSES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES THE JOURNAL OF THE NaTIONAL EpucATION ASSOCIATION February, 19) Snyder, Jersey City, N. J.; I. I. Cam mack, Kansas City, Mo. General discussion, speakers limited to four minutes. Cities 450,000 and up—Chairman, Wm. M. Davidson, Superintendent City Schools Pittsburgh, Pa. Wednesday Evening March 2, 8:00 o’clock (Speakers limited to forty minutes) Congressman H. M. Towner, Corning, lowa, NATIONAL Ap FoR EDUCATION. P. P. Claxton, Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C. ‘The Plunge That Purities Makes Old School Desks Look Like New Our “CASMIRE PROCESS’’— for the sanitary renovating of School Desks —removes all the dirt, gum, germs and grime, the old paint and varnish without injuring the wood, the glued joints or the original enamel on the iron frames. Makes them as good as new for 60c to 75e per Desk. Results Guaranteed. Cleans Erasers Clean Our Haynes Blackboard Eraser Cleaner cleans erasers by electricity and vacuum process, removing all the Chalk Dust without fuss or muss. The only Eraser Cleaner that actually does the work. See Our Display—Atlantic City National Wood Renovating Co. SOLE MANUFACTURERS 317-319 E. 8th Street KANSAS CITY, MO. E. E. OLP, Manager. SPECIALISTS eases OTHER OFFICES: PORTLAND, ORE. MINNEAPOLIS LOS ANGELES KANSAS CITY.® N.W. Bank Bldg. Lumber Exchange Cham. of Com. CHICAGO SOCIETY FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, February 24 to 26 DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE. February 27 to March 3 During the meeting at Atlantic City, we shall have a conveniently located office on Youngs Million Dollar Pier, the official headquarters, where we shall be glad to have you call. . you will inform us beforehand as to the teachers you may need, either for emergency vacancieé or for next vear, we shall probably be able to arrange to have candidates meet you in Atlantic City, New York, Philadelphia, or Washington. FISK TEACHERS’ AGENCY except in vocational Thursday Morning March 3, 9:30 o’clock (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) Thomas E. Finegan, State Superintends of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, } How May THE Pusiic UNneErs? WHat SERVICE THE SCHOOL Is REnp ING THE COMMUNITY? Edward C. Elliott, Chancellor Univerg) of Montana, Dillon, Montana, Log INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSELL Sy FOUNDATION RANKING OF MONTANg EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Final Business Meeting, 11:30 o'clock Report of Resolutions Committee—Hep S. West, Baltimore, Md., Chairma Frank W. Ballou, Washington, D, ¢ Carleton B. Gibson, Savannah, Ga.;] I. Cammack, Kansas City, Mo.; Milt C. Potter, Milwaukee, Wis.; George Strayer, New York, N. Y. Report of Committee on the Status of Superintendent—Charles E. Chad Urbana, Ill., Chairman; E. C. Broo East Orange, N. J.; N. L. Engelharg New York, N. Y.; James H. Harp Dubuque, Iowa; E. C. Hartwell, By falo, N. Y.; Frank V. Thompsg Boston, Mass.; A. S. Whitney, Ap Arbor, Mich.; J. W. Withers, Louis, Mo. ARCHITECTS Wm. B. Itrner, F. A. I. A.J Architect and School Specialist a BOARD OF EDUCATION BUILDING SAINT LOUIS MISSOURI © G. L. LOCKHART Architect 391 ENDICOTT BUILDING ST. PAUL, MINN, TEACHERS’ AGENCIES ALBANY TEACHERS’ AGENCY 8: CHaApeL STREET ALBANY, N, Y. Supplies Schoels and Colleges with competent teachers. We can increase your range of choice and save you time and trouble. Harlan P. French, Pres. Willard W. Andrews, Sec. LP ae ROCKY I97- TEACHERS AGENCY 410 U.S.NaT. BANK BLDG DENVER, CoL' UNEXCELLED SERVICE—FREE ENROL! MENT In All Offices 28 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago. EDUCATIONAL BUREAU _ BERKELEY, CALIF. - ODEON BLDG.,ST. LOUIS,M9