~ 


A. BULLETIN 


NE. 





VOL, VIII, Number 4 December, 1919 Whole Number 45 








Entered as second-class matter December 8, 1917, at the post-office at Washington, D. C., under 


the Act of August 24, 1912. Publisht every month of the year except July and August. 








at BR, 
NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSMCIATION Vp, 


OF THE UNITED STATES NOV 991016 


“The purpose and object of the said corporation shall be to clopgte the character and advance 
; t th si teachi t tote the caits ed toma % Uni 
the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the cai ve weptiorngs yt tee United 


States.’’—Charter of Association granted by Act of Congress 





CONTENTS 


Page 
NS ge a ee a ee ee ee eS 3 


Association Membership Growing Rapidly 


The American Library Association 
The Plan of Cooperation 


Teachers’ Organizations, Hugh S. Magill 


Democracy Training in the Public Schools, I. M. Allen 
Constructive Participation By Teachers, Ethel M. Gardner 
Need for a Cooperative Type of Organization, Lotus D. Coffman___11 


A Plea for Greater Democracy in Our Schools, Frances E. Harden__12 


pee aeecner Supoly Proteins... cs. 2 o2c 3 eee. SS Ae ee 19 
Secretary’s Minutes, Milwaukee Meeting 


Executive Committee Meeting 





Publisht by the National Education Association 
1400 Massachusetts Ave. N. W., Washington, D. C. 














2 THE N. Ev A BULLETIN 











OFFICERS 
Josephine Corliss Preston, President-----------~----~---------------------------- 
J. W. Crabtree, Secretary-------------------------------------------------- 
A. J. Matthews, Treasurer_-._-.-------------------------------------------------- Tempe, Ariz, gene 
Eme 
Tw 
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE org: 
; , that 
Josephine Corliss Preston, President-------------------------------------------- Olympia, Wash. at 
| George D. Strayer, Vice-President-._-.--~------------------------------------- New York, N. Y. te 
| Carroll G. Pearse, Chairman of Board of Trustees_._.___---.---------------------Milwaukee, Wis. edu 
A. J. Matthews, Treasurer..___....-.--------~---~------------~-------------------- Tempe, Ariz, 
George B. Cook, Member by Election-....-..-.----~.------~------~-------~----------- Mena, Ark me 
Hu 
BOARD OF TRUSTEES Al 
ors 
Carroll G: Pearse, President State Normal School_.._......................-.---- Milwaukee, Wis. the 
NE Th. FORRES cncte mr ecirgetieein dence nbeeteennnamesasecaeescnnnensneee La Grange, N. C. | te 
eer Ey Sacer, Suscrintentent of Schools... .......6..... .........~....-..--- Pocatello, Idaho 
Agnes E. Doherty, History and Sociology, High School---__----------------------St. Paul, Minn. 
Josephine Corliss Preston, State Superintendent of Public Instruction--------~-~-~-~- Olympia, Wash. ye 
wi 
VICE-PRESIDENTS to 
ol 
George D. Strayer, Teachers College, Columbia University-__...__._..._._-._._.....New York, N. Y. it 
Wee Be. Geeeeeen, Banerintencent of Schocle... ..n.nnnncnccnsticnncenmesesnccsscun Pittsburgh, Pa. w 
a PRI ease cianensindginnpeiian ens dooneninemesicganabapessiceueiandncnastoin Denver, Colo. 
J. M. McConnell, State Superintendent of Education__.-.-----.----.-----------.--St. Paul, Minn. s' 
Te ee i SO EUIIIINS. OE ONNE nn ctiectin nn ne dieeremannamsenmens Highland Park, Mich. 
Annie W. Blanton, State Superintendent of Public Instruction___-..-_--------_---~__/ Austin, Tex. 
J. A. C. Chandler, President College of William and Mary--~--~-~- ~~ ~~ ~-~---- Williamsburg, Va. 
Sueen M. Dorscy, Aest. Superintendent of-Schools................~...-.<4--2.--.<= Los Angeles, Calif, 
May Trumper, State Superintendent of Public Instruction--__..-------------------- Helena, Mont. 
x. D. Hetzel, President New Hampshire College... nn. on enn conn Durham, N. H. 
W. S. Booth, Asst. State Superintendent of Public Instruction___._-_.__._____-__-___--_Springfield, IIL t 
] 
{ 
DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE 
President, EZ. U. Graff, Superintendent of Schools..............................- Indianapolis, Ind. 
First Vice-President, D. J. Kelly, Superintendent of Schools___._._.___._-_--___--_ Binghampton, N. Y. 
Second Vice-President, H. S. Johnson, Superintendent of Schools-__._-----_-_-____-_- Ogden, Utah 
Secretary, Charl O. Williams, County Superintendent of Schools__-_-_.---.---_--__ Memphis, Tenn. 
HEADQUARTERS STAFF 
J. W. Crabtree, Secretary Helen T. Hixson, Recorder 
Hugh S. Magill, Field Secretary Wm. E. Snodgrass, Ass’t Secretary 


1400 Massachusetts Ave., Washington, D. C. 





! 


ash, 


Vis, 
riz, 
Ark 


THE N. E. A. BULLETIN 3 
———o——————————————— 


TEACHERS’ COUNCILS 


No educational suggestion has ever been taken up more quickly and more 
generally thruout the entire country than that of the N. E. A. Commission on the 
Emergency in Education concerning the organization of Teachers’ Councils. 
Two items in the suggestion met with instant approval everywhere, that of an 
organization in which teacher, supervisor and principal could work together, and 
that of requiring by law that all questions of school policy be submitted to the 
teachers’ council for consideration before being made effective by the board of 
education. — 

Teachers, superintendents and school officers were alike ready for this recom- 
mendation and the Commission was the one body in a position to say the word. 
Hundreds of teachers’ councils have been organized during the last four weeks. 
A teacher council wave is literally sweeping over the country. Councils are being 
organized rapidly and boards of education are preparing rules in harmony with 
the general plan. It is based on the principle of democracy in school administra- 
tion. 

This is one of the most important steps in the educational progress of the 
year. It prepares for team work in every school system. It does not do away 
with other organizations among teachers, but it provides a means for all getting 
together on the best things thought out in special groups and elsewhere. With- 
out this all inclusive group there is ever the danger of a house divided against 
itself instead of a house whose parts are bound solidly together. With all forces 
working together great things will be accomplisht during the period of recon- 
struction in education. 


ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP GROWING RAPIDLY 


The list of schools and school systems securing complete enrolments of their 
teaching forces in the National Education Association is increasing rapidly. 
Every mail brings in new lists of names, many of which constitute 100 per cent 
enrolments, and results so far would indicate that the membership growth during 
the present year will far surpass all previous records. The interest that is being 
taken in this drive is indicated by the fact that over 2,000 city superintendents 
have sent in requests to the Secretary for supplies of membership blanks and 
other literature for use in carrying on their local campaigns for 100 per cent 
enrolments. 

The list given in this Bulletin represents the schools which hawe attained the 
100 per cent mark before November 15. Many of the lists of names sent in are 
not accompanied by a statement as to whether or not they comprise complete 
enrolments, and only sehools which have reported their enrolments as being com- 
plete are included in this list. Any school, school system, college, teachers’ asso- 
ciation, or other educational unit, which has sent in a 100 per cent enrolment of 
its teachers and which has not been listed in the N. E. A. Bulletin should notify 
the Secretary at once, in order that due credit may be given. 

The special One Hundred Per Cent Enrolment Certificate is being lithographt 
on a fine quality of parchment paper and will be well worth framing. It will be 
sent in recognition of complete enrolments as a mark of appreciation of the As- 
sociation and as a commendation for high professional spirit. 











4 een. EF A. BULLETIN 


THE AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 


Members of the National Education Association will be interested in the new 
Enlarged Program of the American Library Association. This Association has 


the same relation to the libraries’ of the country that the National Education As- 
sociation has to the schools. 


A section of the Enlarged Program reads: 


Many states have no adequate library systems. Whole sections are en- 
tirely without libraries. Millions of Americans do not have free access to 
books and magazines. A continuous campaign will be made to establish and 
develop complete library systems which will serve every community, every 
school, every penal and charitable institution. 


Adequately supported libraries the country over, administered after some such 
comprehensive plan as the county library system in operation in California, will 
be a great boon to teachers. Not only will they aid teaching and enrich the 
school life of the children, but they will also provide teachers the books and jour- 
nals needed for their own professional improvement. They will help teachers to 
fix in the minds of children that the business of the school is to lay the founda- 
tion for a life of intelligent and useful activity, 

Teachers will be glad that The American Library Association is undertaking 
a peace time service fully worthy of its much praised service to the Army, Navy 
and Marine Corps during the war. They will rejoice es} cially to know that it 
plans to encourage and promote the development of library service for every man, 
woman and child in America. Members of the National Education Association 


will doubtless aid in carrying out this worthy mrogram in every community in 
every state. 


THE PLAN OF COOPERATION 


There is a strong desire on the part of teachers for a plan of affiliation be- 
tween the National Education Association and the state and local teachers’ asso- 
ciations. Congress will be askt at the next session to amend the charter of the 
Association making provision for affiliation and for a form of government in 
which all teachers’ organizations may have representation. In the meantime a 
plan of cooperation is being carried out which is highly satisfactory. Each teach- 
ers’ council, or other local association, desiring a closer cooperation with the Na- 
tional Association designates its president or someone else to correspond with the 
officers of the N. E. A. to secure assistance in local educational campaigns and to 
direct the local group in doing its part in making effective the big educational 
program of the Association. The N. E. A. is giving special attention to the re- 
quests for help coming from local associations. 


Members of Parent-Teacher Associations who are willing to serve on the 
committee for the enlistment of citizens as associate members of the National 


Education Association are requested to write the Secretary for the necessary 
blanks and literature for this work. 





ing 
whe 
ject 


vi 








THEM. BA BULGE Tin 5 











TEACHERS’ ORGANIZATIONS—LOCAL, STATE AND NATIONAL 
Hugh S. Magill, Field Secretary, National Education Association 


Note: Mr. Magill has been out in the field continuously since the middle of October, work- 
ing for the teachers and in the interests of education. He has been enthusiastically received 
wherever he has been. He has come in close touch with the situation and has considered the sub- 
ject from all angles. This article was prepared by him while in Kansas City.—Secretary. 


The subject of teachers’ organizations is a very live question with the teach- 
ers of the entire country. Its importance is emphasized by its relation to the more 
vital question right now of how teachers may secure just compensation under 
present economic conditions. 

Notwithstanding an almost universal feeling of anxiety and unrest among 
the teachers, due to economic conditions, there is shown everywhere a splendid 
spirit of loyalty and devotion to duty. While some have become embittered and 
resentful, the great majority are maintaining a fine professional spirit under most 
trying circumstances. But they are determined to do all they can to bring about 
better conditions, and are considering how they can best accomplish their pur- 
poses. 

I would suggest a few principles with respect to teachers’ organizations 
which seem to me fundamental if we are to be at all effective in the accomplish- 
ment of our purposes. It is essential,that we see clearly our objective. We must 
know just what we have to do, and then consider how best to do it. 


Must Educate and Arouse Public Sentiment 


Our first big job is to educate and arouse public sentiment to an appreciation 
of the situation as related to the welfare of the children, the community, the state, 
and the nation, as well as to the teachers. The people must be made to feel, 
what every intelligent person knows if he would stop to think, that the public 
schools are organized and carried on by them to do for them a very necessary 
work; that if their schools are not properly supported they can not be efficient 
and will ultimately deteriorate; that it is most important in this very critical 
period of our history that there shall be competent, well trained teachers in all 
the schools; that under present conditions thousands of competent teachers are 
leaving the profession, and promising young men and women are not being at- 
tracted to teaching; that thousands of schools in the rural districts are without 
teachers today, and the outlook for the future is not encouraging; that the only 
remedy for these conditions is to place the schools on a sound economic basis 
and give them adequate support. In short, that the whole problem is one of 
public concern which must be solved by the people themselves in their own in- 
terests, as well as in justice to the teachers. 


Teachers Must All Pull Together 


Now, how are we to make the public see the relation of the present educa- 
tional crisis to public welfare? It is very evident, in the first place, that as educa- 
tors we must all pull together. We should lay aside all class differences and 
stand unitedly as a profession for the common welfare of all. Then we should 
seek the sympathetic and active cooperation of all classes of society, labor and 








6 THE NWN. E£ A BULLETIN 








capital, employers and employees, men and women; in fact, all who are inter- 
ested in promoting the public welfare. As we gain the support of other organiza- 
tions our movement will grow in influence and power. We should keep constantly 
in the foreground the fact that the schools belong to the people for the education 
of all the children, and that we are merely urging them to care for their own. 


Local Organizations Can Accomplish Much 
All local organizations of teachers should cooperate in a community move- 
ment to solve the problem in so far as it can be solved by the city or school 
district. But local school systems are organized under state laws, and it is often 
necessary to secure the revision or enactment of state laws before satisfactory 
conditions can be brought about. 


State Associations Have an Important Work 

Experience has shown that the most effective way to secure action by the 
state legislature is thru a strong state teachers’ association. Such organizations 
have been formed in a number of states. Where possible a secretary should be 
employed to devote his entire time to the work, and keep the teachers of the state 
informed on all subjects pertaining to the welfare of the profession and the cause 
of education in the state, particularly when the legislature is in session. The 
state association, to be most effective, should have the hearty support of the teach- 
ers and the cooperation of the local teachers’ organizations. 


Teachers’ Interests Must Be Represented Nationally 

Finally, the interests of the profession and the cause of education must be 
promoted nationally. The American people are coming to recognize more and 
more the interests which we have as citizens of a common country. Our highest 
ideals and purposes are not limited by state lines. We think broadly of what is 
for the welfare of all the people of our entire country. “To elevate the character 
and advance the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the cause 
of education in the United States” is the particular purpose of the National Edu- 
cation Association as set forth in its charter granted by Congress. 


Work of the National Education Association 

The National Education Association should continue to lead in promoting 
the passage of the Smith-Towner educational bill by Congress. Nothing could 
give greater impetus to the promotion and support of education in all the states 
than the establishment of a Department of Education with a Secretary in the 
President’s cabinet, and the granting of federal aid to education. The asso- 
ciation should continue to collect facts concerning educational conditions and 
give them national publicity. It should give every possible support to state and 
local organizations in carrying on a nation-wide movement for better salaries and 
higher professional standards. In addition to the work of the officers and head- 
quarters staff, the field secretary and two assistants are now in the field devoting 
their entire time to this work. 


Professional Organization Will Bring Results 
If the teachers of the country will organize professionally and work together 
thru their local, state and national organizations, they will undoubtedly get re- 
sults. The outlook is encouraging. A better day is dawning. Education, which 
is the hope of our country, is bound to receive the loyal and generous support of 
all public spirited, patriotic men and women of America when they are made to 
comprehend the crisis in public education. 





bein 
grat 


tion 
rep! 


tiot 


doi 








nter- 
niza- 
antly 
ition 


Ove. 
oo] 
ften 


the 
ons 
be 


ate 


Ise 
he 

+h- 

De 

id 


—— wy 


THER &. B.A BULGE zis 7 








COMMENTS ON WORK OF ASSOCIATION 


The following extracts from letters recently received indicate the attitude 
being taken by educators thruout the country toward the great constructive pro- 
gram of the National Education Association: 

“Would not care to remain in the profession were it not for a better recogni- 
tion hoped for thru your splendid efforts. Hope within the next thirty days to 
report our faculty 100 per cent enrolled.” 

“A number of my teachers feel the need of organized effort to better condi- 
tions in our profession. We heartily approve of the work the N. E. A. has been 
doing along this line and wish to give our support by becoming members. If 
we can assist in other ways we are anxious to do so.” 

“I wish you success in your efforts to increase the membership of the N. E. A. 
and I might add that the literature with which you supplied me made it an easy 
matter for me to show the other teachers where their duty lay in the matter of 
organization. This schoo! system is 100 per cent enrolled.” 

“T am very glad to know that our active membership list is growing so rap- 
idly. The Association has proven itself of sufficient worth to merit the member- 
ship of every individual engaged in the profession.” 

“You are doing fine work. My active membership dates from 1895. Never 
did we get so much for the money spent for dues.” 

“The work of the N. E. A. is bringing results all along the line. Success to 
its aggressive spirit.” 

“I am renewing my membership tho not in active work in school. I retired 
a year ago and thought to give up my membership, but a life time of interest pre- 
vents me from doing so.” 

“IT feel that I can not deny myself the privilege of active connection with the 
N. E. A. if I am to do my best work as chairman of Rural Schools in the General 
Federation of Women’s Clubs.” 

“I am very vitally interested in the N. E. A.’s campaign for a Federal De- 
partment of Education, and if, thru my Federation connection I can be of further 
service, I hope you will let me know.” 





THE NEW REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SUPERINTENDENTS’ 
PROBLEMS 


The new report of the Committee on Superintendents’ Problems will consist 
of two parts, as follows: Part I, Administrative Cooperation in the Making of 
Courses of Study In Elementary Schools, and Part II, Report of Subcommittee 
on Curriculum. 

This report is included in the Volume of Proceedings for 1919, just from the 
press, which is being mailed to members paying the $5.00 annual fee. Owing to 
the demand the Association is publishing this report in a separate edition, limited 
to 1,000 copies, which will come from the press the latter part of December. 
The price to members will be fifty cents. 


The general unrest among teachers, as among other workers, is largely be- 
cause they are not receiving an adequate living and saving wage. 








| 
} 
{ 


a 


THE N. E. A. BULLETIN 


a 








ONE HUNDRED PER CENT ENROLMENTS 


Over 2,000 schools and colleges are trying for a 100 per cent enrolment in 
the National Education Association. Many of these have the work well under 
way and will soon be ready to report. A few places have completed their reports 
Special Certificates are being prepared for all 100 per cent schools and colleges. 
The following places reported 100 per cent enrolment before November 15: 


Akron, Mich., City Public Schools, Ralph Rourke, Superintendent 
Allegan, Mich., City Public Schools, A. H. Robertson, Superintendent 
Americus, Ga., High School, C. M, Hale, Principal 

Appleton, Wis., High School, Paul G. W. Keller, Principal 

Bainbridge, N. J., High School, G. Harold Carl, Principal 

Ben Avon, Pa., City Public Schools, H. M. Merritt, Supervising Principal 
Beverly, Ohio, City Public Schools, F. J. Taylor, Superintendent 
Bogata, Tex., City Public Schools, Murry H. Fly, Superintendent 
Buffalo, Wyo., Johnson County High School, S. R. Bumann, Principal 
Bryant, S. D., City Public Schools, Edmund Steele, Superintendent 
Carleton, Mich., City Public Schools, E. H. Bremer, Superintendent 
Center, Colo., City Public Schools, S. W. Todd, Superintendent 
Centerville, S. D., City Public Schools, Robert Favell, Superintendent 
Chisago City, Minn., Graded School, J. A. Petska, Principal 

Clovis, N. M., City Public Schools, E. W. Bowyer, Superintendent 
Cohasset, Mass., City Public Schools, Harry H. Lowry, Superintendent 
Connell, Wash., City Public Schools, J. L. Hunt, Principal 

Delphos, Ohio, High School, Fred C. Snodgrass, Principal 

East Troy, Wis., City Public Schools, A. W. Krueger, Principal 
Elmhurst, Ill., City Public Schools, Lydia Vantsmier, Superintendent 
Elko, Nev., City Public Schools, S. O. Welday, Superintendent 

Elyria, Ohio, City Public Schools, F. M. Shelton, Superintendent 
Eureka, Nev., County High School, Joseph Dickinson, Principal 
Freeland, Mich., City Public Schools, H. B, Fisher, Superintendent 
Freeport, Me., High School, Oscar F. Smith, Principal 

Garber, Okla., City Public Schools, R. D. Eaton, Superintendent 
Gardner, Me., High School, T. C. Chaffee, Principal 

Grand Valley, Colo., City Public Schools, L. W. Martin, Superintendent 
Grass Lake, Mich., City Public Schools, A. W. Glas, Superintendent 
Greeley, Colo., State Teachers College, J. G. Crabbe, President 

Idaho Springs, Colo., City Public Schools, Charles E. Greene, Superintendent 
Ithaca, N. Y., City Public Schools, F. D. Boynton, Superintendent 
Ipswich, S. D., City Public Schools, E. M. Paulu, Superintendent 
Jacksonville, Ill., High School, H. C. Hopkins, Principal 

Knoxville, Pa., Union High School, C, B. Critchfield, Principal 

Las Vegas, Nev., City Public Schools, R. H. McPeak, Superintendent 
Lawrenceville, Ill., Township High School, R. R. Denison, Principal 
Lewisburg, Pa., High School, H. S. Bourne, Principal 

Locust Grove, Ga., City Public Schools, J. Henry P. Thomas, Principal 
Maple Lake, Minn., City Public Schools, Hugh Graham, Superintendent 
Milbank, S. D., City Public Schools, H. C, Souder, Superintendent 
Millville, N. J., City Public Schools, F. J. Sickles, Superintendent 
Minnesota Lake, Minn., City Public Schools, E. H. Englebart, Superintendent 





- wo «= Oo ce 








THE N. E. A BULLETIN 9 


———————————————————————————ooooooooomowESEqTqEQDNECODS 


Morris, N. Y., High School, Ross E. Cameron, Principal 


New Bedford, Mass., Betsy B. Winslow School, Allen P. Keith, Superintendent 


Noblesville, Ind., City Public Schools, A. C, Payne, Superintendent 
Okmulgee, Okla., High School, E. S. Griggs, Principal 

Orland, Ind., High School, F. Ray Rogers, Principal 

Otis Orchards, Wash., City Public Schools, E. H. McHenry, Superintendent 
Peabody, Kans., City Public Schools, Webster P. Reese, Superintendent 
Quincy, Ill, Adams School, Sara Louise Derrick, Principal 

Racine, Wis., City Public Schools, L. M. Longanecker, Superintendent 
Rochester, N. H., High School, Bernard Ross, Headmaster 

Rochester, Vt., High School, L. B, Badger, Principal 

Rocky Ford, Colo., City Public Schools, R. J. Walters, Superintendent 
Rockford, Wash., City Public Schools, M. E. Brown, Superintendent 
Rossford, Ohio, City Public Schools, E. N. Littleton, Superintendent 
Roy, Wash., City Public Schools, N. E. Wilson, Superintendent 
Rudyard, Mont., High School, N. W. Lawrence, Principal 

Salem, W. Va., High School, Paul N. Musgrave, Principal 

Schleswig, lowa, City Public Schools, C. D. Vance, Superintendent 
Sharonville, Ohio, Village School, Sarah E. Williamson, Principal 
Sherburn, Minn., City Public Schools, O. L. Troxell, Superintendent 

St. Francis, Kans., City Public Schools, Mae Bertram, Principal 

St. Louis, Mo., Eugene Field School, E. J. Sexton, Principal 

St. Louis, Mo., House of Detention School, Bertha Hensel, Principal 

St. Louis, Mo., Lindenwood School, Margaret Gartenbach, Principal 

St. Louis, Mo., Penrose School. 

St. Paul, Nebr., City Public Schools, H. G, Stout, Superintendent 
Tonopah, Nev., City Public Schools, G. L. Delworth, Superintendent 
Wayland, N. Y., High School, A. Earle Hemstreet, Supervising Principal 
Westerville, Ohio, City Public Schools, Edward L. Baxter, Superintendent 
Williamson, W. Va., City Public Schools, A. C. Davis, Superintendent 
Winchester, Va., City Public Schools, F. E. Clerk, Superintendent 

Wind Gap, Pa., City Public Schools, Isaac Rissmiller, Principal 
Winnetka, IIl., City Public Schools, C. W. Washburne, Superintendent 
Winsted, Conn., City Public Schools, John Lund, Superintendent. 


The League of Nations has had the right of way for many weeks in the 
United States Senate, postponing action during the special session of Congress 
on many important measures. The Smith-Towner Educational Bill may have to 
wait like other measures for the regular session of Congress. It is a popular Bill 


at both ends of the Capitol. It ought to be possible to secure its passage early in 
the next session of Congress. 


“The N. E. A. has just started on a career that is bound to be of great service 
to the public schools, to public education and to public school teachers. Any 
teacher or superintendent or college faculty member, who is not a member of 
this young giant organization should be heartily ashamed of himself. 

The N. E. A. is fighting the teachers’ battles right now. It ought to have 
every teacher’s support. In a few years it will be an organization of 500,000 active 


members instead of 24,000.” —Nebraska Teacher. 











10 ame mE A. BULLETIN 


DEMOCRACY TRAINING IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
I. M. Allen, Superintendent of Schools, Springfield, Il. 


We cannot expect our teachers to train children in democracy and to stamp 
the nervous machinery of children with responsiveness to cooperative contro] 
unless the teachers find themselves in a cooperatively administered system of 
schools. Does the teacher have a voice in the making of professional rating sys- 
tems and educational requirements for salary promotions and the opportunity to 
express herself on various educational and administrative policies? If we really 
believe in democracy and expect to train children in it, then it must be practist 
in the administrative offices and organizations of the school system as well as jn 
the classroom, There is no place for a vicarious democracy in a system of public 
schools. 

In Germany is illustrated a nation seeking to establish autocracy thru a sys. 
tem of education. She succeeded. Is it possible for us thru training in the schools 
to establish a cooperating democracy? Yes, but the task is more difficult than the 
education for autocracy. Training children to feel, think, and act cooperatively 
is more difficult than training children to feel, think, and act dependently, We 
shall not, however, despair because of the enormity of our task. 


Primarily we must believe that the teacher is a self-directing, cooperating 
control machine placed in the school for the purpose of training similar machines 
to function. There will be many breakdowns in the school, and there will be 
times when the chief engineer will desire to switch back on to the old autocratic 
controls, but if he really understands himself, the machines intrustedto his care, 
and the purpose of the school he will be willing to blunder in the manipulation, 
to be disappointed in the day’s quantitative output, because he is concerned, not 
in a product made in Germany, but in a product in the making in America. 

This chief engineer is the American school teacher, and the wonderful, co- 
ordinating, cooperative, self-directing, and self-improving machines are American 
boys and girls in our public schools. The force that operates within such a 
school is the socializing force of democracy. If we really believe in it we shall 
operate our schools according to its laws. Our chief concern in the dawn of 
democracy is to discover its laws and then to apply them. 


—Part of address delivered at Milwaukee Meeting N. E. A. 


CONSTRUCTIVE PARTICIPATION IN ORGANIZATION 
AND ADMINISTRATION BY TEACHERS 


Ethel M. Gardner, Teacher, Park Street School, Milwaukee, Wis. 


In these days of the glorious rebirth of democracy and the recognition of the 
right of peoples everywhere to determine for themselves the kind of government 
under which they shall live, the desire of teachers to participate in the organiza- 
tion and administration of the school system should cause no consternation of 


alarm to the people of this greatest democracy in the world. The world has 
learned the value of team work, of cooperation. The victory of the Allies demon: 











— 
— 


str 
pre 


aw 
th 
the 
of 

ob 
br 
$0: 


te 
scl 
es! 
sc 
ga 


st 
in 


st 
in 


ue 
ne 
sc 
th 


sy 


ki 


=a « 53 8s 





tamp 
ntrol 
m of 
' SYS- 
ty to 
eally 
Actist 
as in 
ublic 


sys- 
hools 
n the 
‘ively 


We 


ating 
hines 
ll be 
ratic 
care, 
tion, 
, not 


» CO- 
rican 
ch a 
shall 
n of 


f the 
ment 
niza- 
n of 

has 
10n- 


THE W. E. A BULLETIN 11 


——————————— OOS SSSSOoenN“$TVaoeoSSSe oa 


strated its effectiveness. It is evidenst in the League of Nations. What should 
prevent its application in the industrial and educational worlds? 

The nation has awakened to the importance of the public schools. It is 
awakening to the need for better training for teachers and for better salaries that 
there may be better teachers, but it has not yet realized that the way to secure 
the best teachers is to allow them to become participators in the great scheme 
of education. We may appropriate millions for the training of teachers; we may 
obtain better salaries for teachers; we may attract to the teaching profession the 
brightest of our young men and young women; but we must allow them to be 
something more than mere automatons if we want them to be real teachers. 

For several years the feeling has been slowly developing in this country that 
teachers should have some right to express opinions on matters pertaining to 
school administration, and this has been evidenst by attempts in various cities to 
establish so-called “teachers’ councils,” or advisory committees of teachers. Some 
school boards have allowed teachers to express in writing their opinions in re- 
gard to changes in textbooks. Some superintendents have appointed committees 
of teachers and principals to report on textbooks and changes in courses of 
study. These attempts at democratizing the school system have met with vary- 
ing degrees of success. 

Of the most successful teachers’ councils—those of Minneapolis, St. Paul, 
Toledo, Boston, New York, and Portland—no two are exactly alike either in con- 
stitution or purpose, except as they offer an outlet of expression for teachers. This 
in itself is of value, for teachers must express themselves and do, tho not al- 
ways publicly; and school directors come into contact more or less with individ- 
ual teachers and listen, tho not officially. It has been claimed that “teachers have 
not that all-around and distant view” which is necessary in order to administer a 
school system. All teachers will readily agree to this statement, but we do feel 
that we have the “close-up” and intimate view which no other group in the school 
system has. We feel that a school board that would give equal recognition to the 
“all-around and distant view” of the superintendent and the “close-up” and inti- 
mate view of the teacher, that would weigh them both judiciously and fairly, 
would be a democratic and American school board, and we should have no othe1 
kind in the United States of America. 

—Part of Address delivered at Milwaukee Meeting N. E. A. 


NEED FOR THE SUBSTITUTION OF A COOPERATIVE TYPE OF 
ORGANIZATION FOR THE PRESENT SYSTEM 


Lotus D. Coffman, Dean of Education, University of Minnesota, 
Minneapolis, Minn. 


A crisis in the affairs of nations tests the foundations of existing institutions, 
During such times the revolutionist, the reformer, and the reactionary, each in 
turn, brings forward his cures for institutional ills. The chief danger is that com- 
mon sense will not get a fair hearing. The unscrupulous demagogue and the 
misguided sentimentalist make their specious appeals in behalf of the opprest 
while the stolid conservative harks back to the good old days when there was 
no unrest or instability. One does quite as much harm as the other, and neither 








12 THE N. E. A. BULLETIN 


i nn a ee 
—leeeee—Ee=eE=El 0 8 





in the long run can divert the stream of progress far from the channel in which 
wisdom and good sense have directed it. 

There are those who insist that politics, religion, industry, and education will 
never again be what they have been, and so they will not; but the changes that 
are taking place and those that are impending in education cannot be brought 
about by destroying our educational superstructure, digging up its foundations 
and casting to the four winds and high seas the traditions of the schoolmaster. 
There are those, on the other hand, who are urging us to exercise speed in drop- 
ping back into the grooves of custom. Each of these groups is receiving a hear- 
ing, each has its inning. The dissatisfied malignant reformer maintains that the 
only cure for the ills of democracy is more democracy, while the incrusted con- 
servative maintains that change is sought simply for the sake of change. The 
conservative is unwilling to accept the challenge of the new world because all 
his experience has taught him that innovation may be accompanied by chance 
failure or calamity. He fears change; the reformer fears tradition. The result 
is that both become critics and both are likely to be controlled more by their 
emotions than by their judgment. 

These two classes are found among the teaching population. There are 
those who insist that the schools must be reorganized. Admit it. There are 
those who insist that there is still much virtue in the present system. Admit 
that also. Both are true. Old lines of social cleavage are being cut across and 
new conditions and new problems lic ahead awaiting disposition or solution. A 
new order can be formed only out of the disintegrating elements of the old order. 

Before we permit the present system of school organization to be revolu- 
tionized we must ask ourselves, What is the organization of a school system for? 
What is its primary purpose? A school is organized in order that it may be in- 
structed. Whenever the element of instruction is removed, a school ceases to be 
a school. Every device, every detail, every working schedule, every salary, every 
teacher, every supervisor, must be evaluated in terms of the excellence of the 
work. Better conditions for work can be justified only on the ground of better 
work. With this as a guiding principle we have an intelligent basis for coopera- 
tive planning and cooperative organization. 


—Part of Address delivered at Milwaukee Meeting N. E. A. 


A PLEA FOR GREATER DEMOCRACY IN OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
Frances E. Harden, Teacher, Stewart School, Chicago, IIl. 


In our nation today there is no power more potent for good or for evil than 
that which lies in our public schools. 

The autocratic power exerted by the German ruling class and its influence 
over the great mass of the people has been traced directly to the training re- 
ceived in the German schools. The mental attitude created by this training, 
which began in the kindergarten and continued thruout the period of school life, 
resulted in that peculiar state of mind which made possible the Great War. 

This inherent power of the public schools rests in the hands of the classroom 
teachers who day after day touch directly the lives of the children in their care 
and thru this direct daily contact exert, cither consciously or unconsciously, an 
influence which in a large measure fixes their point of view. 





\| 


ar 
ad 
of 
ha 


ed 


ex 


th 
je 
c 


tl 
c 








iat 





THE N. =. A BULLETIN 13 


——_————OO RSS OOS — —aoaosaoa\_ «»—ww——«—«»<»—_——os 


While the very foundations of many of our establisht institutions and customs 
are being upset and while systems are in process of formation, would it not seem 
advisable to make of our public-school system a model democracy, in the conduct 
of the policies and in the execution of the activities of which all teachers would 
have an equal share and an equal responsibility? 

This work might be begun thru the establishment of self-governing, advisory, 
educational councils of teachers, and so utilize, in the conduct of the schools, the 
experience, judgment, and initiative of the men and women in direct daily contact 
with the children and the problems of the schools. 

All questions, administrative as well as educational, affecting the welfare of 
the teachers, the children, and the schools should be recognized as proper sub- 
jects for discussion and finding by these councils. All recom-nendations of the 
councils, whether on questions referred to the councils by the superintendent or 
initiated by the councils, should be made a matter ot official record. 

The opinions and judgments of teachers should be thus brought to bear on 
the formulation of school policies, not alone for the sake of the policies, but be- 
cause in no other way can a sense of responsibility be engendered in teachers 
for the carrying out of policies except by a voice in their determination. 

In the administration of the schools teachers should also have a voice. Until 
such time as the members of the educational force are permitted to choose their 
leaders from the standpoint of inspirational leadership we will have in our schools 
an autocracy permeated by petty tyrannies, with a small group ruling despotically 
and a large group subserviently obedient to the power that controls the profes- 
sional lives and activities of its members. 

People are thinking today, more seriously perhaps than ever before, about 
democracy and what it means. They are thinking perhaps that real democracy 
means more than political democracy, that it means industrial democracy as well, 
and if industrial democracy is ever to become a fact the training for it must begin 
in the schoolroom. 

If the ideals of democratic freedom for which the world-war was fought are 
to be realized, the period of reconstruction must have clear thinkers, men and 
women who are able to gather up the fragments of civilization, and out of them 
build a broader, better, fairer nation; one where justice will be assured even to 
the humblest member of society. 


—Part of Address delivered at Milwaukee Meeting N. E. A. 


“Yes, National Education Association on the envelope means much more than 
the two cent stamp. Save the money.” 
—Geo. C. Wise, Butler College. 


“The item on Saving Postage in the November Bulletin interests me. Your 
correspondence is conducted almost exclusively with men and women who know 
the meat from the shell. No difference how brilliantly the shell-may be polisht, 
they would quickly reject the meat were it not good. Why continue to spend 


fifty per cent more simply polishing the shell. Save all those pennies is my sug- 
gestion.” 


—-S. C. Folsom, President Teachers Casualty Underwriters. 





14 THE NH. EB. A. BULLETIN 


Ly 





TEACHERS’ SALARIES AND SALARY SCHEDULES 
COMMISSION SERIES NO. 6 
Some Facts Showing That There is a “National Emergency in Education” 


1. The average number of years (of 200 days) attendance at public schools 
for each individual, as indicated by the school statistics for 1916, was only 5.96, 
or less than the completion of the sixth grade for an average education for the 
citizens of the greatest democracy in the world. 

2. The total high school enrolment for 1916 was only 8% per cent of the en- 
rolment of the elementary schools. Assuming that the schools should hold stu- 
dents at least thru the high school, and that the high school course extends 
over 4 years and the elementary over 8, we might expect to find the high school 
enrolment nearly 50 per cent of the enrolment in the elementary schools, making 
a slight allowance for death rate. Instead, we find 8% per cent, or only one out 
of every six of those who should be in attendance. The “holding power” of the 
school is a mythical quaniity. Its “dropping power,” however, is not only a 
reality but so effective that of 100 children starting the first grade together, 30 
are dropt before they finish the sixth grade, 30 of the remaining 70 are dropt 
before completing the eighth grade; of the 40 graduating from the eighth grade, 
30 more are dropt before graduation from high school. About eight more are 
dropt before college and about one of the two remaining educational pilgrims 
completes his college course. 

3. There are more than 5,000,000 persons in the United States over ten years 
of age (about one in every twenty) who can neither read nor write. If we con- 
sider as illiterate all who are not able to read a newspaper and write a simple 
letter, the above figures would be increast four times, or to one person in five, 
There are many thousands of children in the United States attending schools in 
which not a word of English is spoken during the entire day. 

4. Of the 3,208,446 men examined by the Draft Boards of the United States, 
949,419 were declared physically unfit for general military service. Considering 
that these were men in the prime of life, and assuming that even the same pro- 
portion would hold for younger and older men and for women, it would indicate 
that there are 30,000,000 persons in the United States who are to a greater or less 
degree physically inefficient. 

5. About 4,000,000 children are taught by teachers less than 21 years of age, 
with little or no high school training, with no professional preparation for their 
work, and who are, in a great majority of cases, products of the same schools in 
which they teach. 

6. The normal schools and teacher-training institutions of the country found 
their attendance cut from 5 to 46 per cent, during the two years of the war, thus 
further decreasing the inadequate source of supply. 

7. Thousands of children were urged to leave school and enter some shop 
or war work industry in order that they might more directly “serve their coun- 


try,” and attendance laws were more laxly enforced in order to make this pos- 
sible. 


What Has Been Done to Meet These Conditions 


To meet the above conditions educators were able to offer prospective teach- 
ing recruits an opportunity to serve, to do work which is enervating, with many 





\| 


ou 








ols 
the 


en- 
tu- 
ids 
0! 
ng 
ut 


he 


30 
pt 
le, 
re 
1S 


rs 


le 


THE NW. EB. A BULLETIN 15 


Tt 
EEO O_O 


outside demands and long irregular hours, at an average yearly salarv of $630.64— 
less than $55 a month. 

No adjustment of the salary situation can be either satisfactory or lastine 
until it is based upon sound economic principles. Careful studies of the whole 
situation in its economic, sociological and educational aspects must be made, and 
salary schgdules must be based upon the findings of such studies. Salary adjust- 
ments can no longer be based on pity, condescension, or public charity in the 
form of temporary bonuses, nor can they be made by “flat increases” either in 
dollars or per cents. 

The National Education Association has conducted such a study this year, 
in the hope that its findings may be profitable, not only to the teachers concerned, 
but to the patrons of public schools in America who, because of their belief in 
universal education and their faith in democracy, control in a-large measure the 
efficiency of our educational system by the enlightened way in which they finan- 
cially support it. 


Teachers Financially Exploited 


The present emergency in education is a direct outgrowth of the financial 
exploitation of teachers, and no permanent corrections can be made until teachers’ 
salaries are very materially increast. Other causes for this emergency are given 
and, when analyzed, prove to be merely statements of the salary problem, in dif- 
ferent words, or from a different angle. Other reasons are given, such as inade- 
quate support, inequality of burden, shortage of teachers, and untrained teachers 
Inadequate support is a question of salaries since 57 per cent of the money ex- 
pended for school purposes in the United States in 1915-16 was for salaries, and 
it is a higher percentage now. Inequality of burden is almost entirely a question 
of salary since the big differences arise there rather than in cosi of buildings, 
school supplies, and operating expenses. A serious shortage of teachers does 
exist and has been an important element in the present emergency, but practi- 
cally all teachers who have left teaching for reasons other than marriage, ill- 
health, or old age, did so for positions paying better salaries. 

Teachers are untrained, but the graduates of all the public and private nor- 
mal schools are not more than one-sixth of the new teachers needed each year, 
and yet very few of the normal schools are carrying their capacity number of 
students. The rewards of teaching do not encourage the expenditure of time and 
money in professional preparation. This will also account for the shortness of 
the teacher training courses, being in most cases only one or two years. 


Inadequate Support of Normal Schools 


The training of teachers is influenst not only by the prospective lack of 
salary for the students but also by inadequate support of these normal schools, 
particularly in the salaries of the normal school teachers. Few states have a 
salary schedule for their normal schools which will bear comparison with the 
salaries in the better high schools of the state. As a nation we spend as much 
per student per year to educate any high school pupil or any boy in a reform 
school as we do for the training of a teacher in a normal school. We spend nearly 
twice as much for a pupil in a deaf school, more than twice as much for a college: 
Or university student, three times as much for a blind student, and nearly four 
times as much for the training of a feeble-minded child. 











16 7g 8... & KA BULLETIN 





Probably the two reasons why the question of teachers’ salaries is educa- 
tionally paramount at the present time are (1) salaries have not kept pace with 
the increast cost of living, and (2) teaching is so poorly paid in comparison with 
other lines of work that it has suffered tremendously by competition. The oppo- 
sites of these two statements are frequently claimed to be true and used as argu- 
ments against measures for the better support of schools or the increase of teach- 
ers’ salaries. It behooves all teachers to know how true they are, which the com- 
parisons in this part of the chapter will show. 


Teachers’ Salaries and the Cost of Living 


Have teachers’ salaries advanst, anc if so, how much? Table LVII will 
show that during the last twelve years the average salary for all the teachers in 
the United States has increast from $381.77 to $630.64, an increase of 65 per cent— 
‘A tremendous increase! What an ungrateful lot of money-grabbing Croesuses 
the teachers of the United States must be to have such an increase in salary and 
still be waging campaigns for more” exclaims the self-pitying and nearsighted tax- 
payer. What does an increase of 65 per cent mean when based upon such a 
salary for 1906 as $381.77 ($31.80 a month)? 


TABLE LVII 
AVERAGE ANNUAL SALARIES FOR TEACHERS (MEN AND WOMEN) IN “STATE 
SCHOOL SYSTEMS” FOR THE UNITED STATES AND FOR THE 
FIVE GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS 


FOR THE YEARS 1906-07 TO 1915-16 




















| 
United North North South South " 
oe States Atlantic | Central Atlantic Central | aa 
| 
hind 7 = 

1906-07 $381.77 $567.45 | $373.86 $235.73 $239.59 $535.95 
1907-08 414.87 581.36 436.56 232.13 260.04 550.27 
1908-09 442.89 648.07 457.07 292.38 293.92 558.31 
1909-10 488.20 611.06 468.08 281.88 . 320.48 576.25 
1910-11 466.40 604.04 480.29 303.91 332.60 607.63 
1911-12 491.62 651.24 499.18 | 308.34 354.84 668.46 
1912-13 511.86 668.52 523.22 327.19 354.29 709.13 
1913-14 524.60 696.25 537.45 328.88 360.06 699.03 
1914-15 543.31 727.28 557.78 333.58 366.60 734.00 
1915-16 563.08 728.56 569.65 342.39 413.58 797.47 
1918 630.64 4 | 

| “kz 








Such a salary is a relic of days when teaching was a side issue to some other 
occupation, requiring little or no preparation, continuing for intermittent periods 
of two or three months according to the season and the weather conditions and 
not expected, in any case, to be a total means of support. It was rather a means 
for the stay-at-home girl to make a little “ready money” and have in addition 
the “peace of mind” which is the reward of the missionary and the social worker. 

How much additional preparation can a teacher afford, how much better can 
she live, how much more optimistic can she be in her teaching even if her salary 
has increast 65 per cent within the last ten years, when she realizes that within 
the same period the cost of living has more than doubled so that her 65 per cent 
increase is in reality almost a 20 per cent decrease. 


Standard of Living Forced Down 


In this age of economic enlightenment almost every occupation except teach- 
ing has learned that there is such a thing as a “standard of living,” that this 











CH! 


La 


Br 


{n 





a- 


Lat ‘ — w t i} 


THE N. E. A. BULLETIN 17 








CHART SHOWING COMPARISON OF TEACHERS’ SALARIES IN FIVE MIDDLE WEST- 
ERN STATES WITH THE UNION SCALE OF WAGES FOR CERTAIN OCCUPATIONS 
IN THE SAME SECTION AS INDICATED BY THE AVERAGE OF THE 
WAGES PAID IN CHICAGO AND CLEVELAND 


SALARY IN HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS 










Machinists ina 
ci Le ee ee ee ee 
athers 

‘a BORRe BBE we s Bee 
Bricklayers 









{nside wiremen 
Workers, structural iron 


Blacksmiths 


Machine tenders (printing) 


















SOHNE AGH Ms Wow HO 

BERS EUR e BRR we He 

ee 
Compositors (English) 


ee ee 
BRee er WKB aseee 
BOR OEERE GT Ue 
Glaziers 
BBRSt + CBWE HA 
Plumbers 
CO ee ee 
Carpenters 
RMR SA MB we Sw 
Hodcarriers 
Bob BRHURG Bei ew 
akers 
High School Teachers BRHRRe ewe Re 
Intermediate Teachers BRRBSe ew 
Sete hos we 
Elementary Teachers 


standard of living has a direct effect upon the health, happiness, and efficiency 
of the worker and his family, that this standard varies by occupations and by lo- 
calities, that there is a minimal level below which it is socially unsafe to force 
people to live and lastly, that wages must be considered not from the point of 
view of actual amounts but in regard to what can be obtained for them. 

The keeper of a boarding house in a Western normal school town was heard 
to remonstrate upon the State’s extravagance in the payment of its normal school 
teachers. She complained that they were paying some of them almost twice as 
much as they did ten years before that. In that same ten years the price of board 
in her home had increast from $2 per week to $5. This tendency of juggling 
school expenditures by comparisons with the past, rather than the scientific for- 








18 THE N. E. A. BULLETIN 


| 
aS 


ward look which is the basis of all modern budget making, has too long pre- 
vailed. School men are, themselves, largely responsible for this attitude. They 
have practist it and allowed its use on them and their problems until now it has 
become a habit of the public mind in all school measures. Any means would be 
justifiable which would break up this habit, and the campaign of education cannot 
start too soon. 

Salaries Should Provide for Coming Year 


Teachers should realize and they must see to it that the people realize that 
salaries ought to provide for the coming year, not the one just past. They must 
provide also for additional preparation at future intervals, for a standard of living 
necessary for teachers and for a small margin of saving. The only use of past con- 
ditions should be to guide in making this estimate of future needs. 

Of what value is an increase in a teacher’s annual salary of $20, $22.50, $45, 
or even $75 or $100 (which range will include 95 per cent of the increases given) 
when all of this increase, and often more, will be needed for the additional cost 
of room and board alone? 

During the five-year period between October 1913, and October 1918, food as 
a whole was 75 per cent higher in 1918 than in 1913. The wholesale price of 
every article increast 54 per cent or more, while five articles increast over 100 
per cent (corn meal 119 per cent, lard 115 per cent, bacon 108 per cent, flour 103 
per cent, and pork chops 102 per cent). The close of 1918 found the index num- 
bers for all wholesale prices over 200, an increase of over 100 per cent since 1913, 
with an average for the year of 196+. . 

What percentage, or even fraction of a per cent, of the teachers of the United 
States were receiving in November, 1918, more than twice as much as they were in 
October, 1913? Or we might be still more modest and ask what fraction of a per 
cent of the teachers of the country had had increases of salary in that time which 
had kept pace with the lowest percentage of increase for any article of food, 
namely 54 per cent. 


Should Teachers Be Singled Out 


Some near-sighted penurious “watchdogs of the public funds” are saying: 
“Prices are abnormal now and will drop at once. Let the teachers bear their 
part of the increast cost as a patriotic duty, until things readjust themselves.” 
Why didn’t these same people object on the same grounds to the increases given 
to railroad employes, to the workers in their factories, to the farmers for their 
wheat? If patriotism consists in being economically exploited, how could these 
same objectors bring themselves to accepting higher prices for their goods or 
services? Are we making a wise investment when the teachers of the country 
are living on such a close margin that statements like the following are common: 
“I am buying a $50 Liberty ond each year, so shall not be able to attend sum- 
mer school until they are paid for.” “I put the money for my magazines into 
War Savings Stamps?” 


—Taken from report on ‘Teachers’ Salaries and Salary Schedules,” Commission Series No. 6. 


Call on the National Education Association for help in campaigns for increast 
salaries for teachers. 





Every library is expected to take out a $5 membership. 





\ 


5( 


aS 





THE MW. EB. A BULLETLN 19 















pre- THE TEACHER SUPPLY PROBLEM 
“ae | Decrease in Normal School Enrolment and Graduates 
> Nas 
d be 
ing: | 50,000 mo 
Mm ENROLMENT 
Ill GRADUATES 
that 
nust 40,000 
ving 
con- 
$45, 
ren) 30,000 
cost | 
| 
1 as 
(2 | 20,000 
100 
103 
1m- Y 
113, ZY 
10,000 Y 
ted Y 
| Z 
2 in Y 
per Y 
ich Y 
od, 
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 
The above chart represents the figures submitted to the N. E. A. by the 
ig: Presidents of 120 Normal Schools in 37 different states, and covers the total enrol- 
eir ment and number of graduates from these institutions during the period from 
5.” 1915 to 1919, inclusive. These figures are as follows: 
a 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 
| Enrolment 42,844 48,246 43,468 38,027 36,160 
pe | Graduates 11,218 13,681 14,921 13,356 9,514 
r 
ry ST 
* The price of the report of the Commission on Teachers’ Salaries and Salary 
xf Schedules is $1.50. Members, however, may have the report at cost which is $1. 
. Departments of education desiring a quantity for class use or boards of education 
ordering for a campaign for increast salaries are given advantage of the price to 
members. 
st 


Announcements concerning Dinners and Luncheons at the meeting of the 
Department of Superintendence, February 23-28, should be sent to the Secretary 
as early as possible. 








20 THE N. E. A. BULLETIN 








THE BUSINESS SESSION—MILWAUKEE MEETING 
THE SECRETARY’S MINUTES—(Continued) 


The Business Session of the National Education Association for the year 
1919 was held at the Auditorium, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Friday, July 4, 1919, 
it has been decided to publish the minutes in the N. E. A. Bulletin, publishing a 
few pages each month. 

This is an exact copy of the Secretary’s minutes following that which was 
contained in the November Bulletin on pages 20 to 26: 


A PLAN OF ORGANIZATION 


CATHERINE D. BLAKE OF NEW YORK: Is it in order to introduce an amendment to the 
By-laws? 

THE CHAIRMAN: An amendment might be offered for consideration at the next meeting. 

MISS BLAKE: Mr. President, and members of the N. E. A. I give notice that I desire to 
submit for consideration the following amendments at the next annual meeting of the Association. 
You have just adopted Article I. I was going to ask for the elimination of Section 1 of Article I, 
but I will leave that section as it is. Taking Article I of ‘Proposed Substitute for Committee’s 
Report,” which you have in your hands, as a basis, in Section 2 substitute the word ‘‘associate” for 
the word “‘active” in lines 1 and 4. Adopt Section 3, again substituting the word ‘associate’ for 
the word “active” in the first line. Adopt the second paragraph of Section 3. Adopt Section 4 en- 
tire. Omit first paragraph of Section 5, but adopt second paragraph of Section 5. Adopt the re- 
maining sections of Article I. In Article 2 omit the first Section. Change Section 2 to read as 
follows: ‘‘Each afiiliated associate member shall be entitled to elect (1) active member for each 100 
of these members who are associate members of the N. E. A.’’ Omit the last sentence of Section 3, 
and substitute instead ‘“‘The associate members of each city, territory or district, shall be entitled to 
join as active members.” Substitute for the words “delegate of representative assembly’’ the words 
“active members.” Omit the second sentence, retain the third, again substitute ‘‘active members” 
for the words “State delegates of the representative assembly.’’ Change Section 4 to read: “The 
officers of the N. E. A. elected at the annual meeting for the current year, and the president and 
secretary of the National Council and each department of the Association shall be ex-officio active 
members.”’ In Section 5 substitute the words “‘active members” for ‘‘delegates to the representative 
assembly,’”’ and change the last sentence to read: “They shall establish their own rule of procedure.” 


MISS HALEY: I make this a point of order. This material is entirely out of order. 


THE CHAIRMAN: The chair rules that it is in order as an amendment to be considered at 
the next annual meeting. 


MISS HALEY: Does the chair rule that there is power in this Association now to serve notice 
of an amendment to these By-laws, or change of By-laws not in conformity with the Charter? Does 
the chair rule that this Association has jurisdiction to waive all notice of the subject matter that has 
been withdrawn, and which was struck out by Mr. Owen and his committee. 


THE CHAIRMAN: The chair rules that the action proposed by Miss Blake is in order and 
the legality of any part of said action so proposed is a matter to be determined afterwards. 

(Miss Haley served notice that she would contest the legality of this procedure and Miss 
O’Reilly of Chicago also filed a similar objection. The Chairman continues). The chair has ruled 
and will stand on his ruling. 


MISS BLAKE: I would like to give notice of an amendment to Article 9, Section 1, “The 
proceedings of the Association, the Council, the Departments, the Commissions, and the Committees. 
shall be publisht at the discretion of and under the direction of a committee appointed by the 
Executive Committee, provided that in the opinion of the Executive Committee the funds of the 
Association warrant the publication. Each member of the Association shall be entitled to a copy 
of the proceedings.” The rest of the section to be omitted. 


MISS HALEY: I askt for a ruling of the chair when the motion to adopt the resolution asking: 
Congress for an amendment to the Charter was under consideration. I stated that I was in favor 
of this resolution and would vote for it on the condition that the report of the committee on reor- 
ganization be ruled out of order, and not before this was done, and therefore there could not be any 
other proposed amendments covering reorganization brought before the N. E. A. at this meeting. 
If I have misconstrued this, then I would like to know it. I now request that the chair rule om 














\\ 


thes 


rais 


ing 
met 
met 


o. 


mse mm et ep 





‘ar 
19, 


he 


~~ 


> =— = =_— 


THE BB. E.. A, BOLLE TES 21 


ooo OO 


these two points: the question of Mr. Owen’s report submitted at Pittsburgh, and the point I 
raised, that these other amendments could not be at this time presented to this body. 


MISS BLAKE: I rise to ask a question. I want to say that I know of no such understand- 
ing and that I would refuse to be bound by any such understanding, because I have the right as a 
member of this organization to present any kind of an amendment that I choose for the next 
meeting. 

THE CHAIRMAN: The chair rules that it is the privilege of any active member of this As- 
sociation to present matters for consideration at the next meeting and that there is no agreement 
of any sort forbidding such action by active members. 


MISS HALEY: I make this point of order. This body has no right to entertain this year any 
notice of reorganization in the N. E. A. It cannot do so until power is conferred by Congress. 
This body is without legal power to serve notice for a plan of reorganization to be voted on, and I 
would like the chair so to rule. 


THE CHAIRMAN: The chair will not so rule. The chair rules that you are out of order. 


MOTION TO RECONSIDER ACTION TO AMEND CHARTER 


MR. GILLAN: Mr. Chairman, I‘ wish to make a motion. I am going to make a motion to 
clear the ground. It seems that the only way we can prevent a movement for reorganization to be 
filed now and acted on at the meeting a year hence, is to let matters stand as they are. Therefore, 
I move the reconsideration of the motion which I made sometime ago instructing or empowering the 
Executive Committee to go to Congress and ask for a change in the Charter, which would permit 
this thing. In other words, if we cannot have fair play, let us not have anything. I move, Mr. 
Chairman, a reconsideration of the motion I made. 


THE CHAIRMAN: It is moved and seconded that we reconsider the motion which was made 
by Mr. Gillan sometime ago to ask Congress to change our Charter so as to permit of a representative 
form of government, and which was carried by a vote of the Association. 


MR. OWEN: I am not going to argue, but I want to say that the agreement made as to our 
procedure has been kept by both sides, and I had no knowledge whatever of this amendment. 
Now, I hope that we will go ahead with the plan we have decided upon. I am going to give you 
my point of view. I think it was not a proposition merely to put something over. I hope it is 


_ clear to everybody that the agreement made has been kept. 


MISS HALEY: It has been represented to me that Miss Blake meant by the amendment to 
make every member who is now an active member, an associate member, except any members who 
may be created delegates or members of the representative assembly. It has been explained to me 
on this platform that that is what it means; and if that is what it means, then itis not in order, 
because it is a reorganization scheme. Is Miss Blake proposing to present an amendment to the 
By-laws in Section 4 of. the Charter, which authorizes this body to define active, associate, and other 
members? Does the chair hold that this body is within its rights? 


THE CHAIRMAN: The chair rules that whether or not that would be so, is a matter for de- 
termination. 


MR. MARSHALL: Yow now see the difficulties that are before us in getting some of these 
changes made which very many desire to make. In my opinion we should get a new Charter. This 
present Charter in my judgment was not very meritorious when we got it, and much mere archaic 
now. 

MR. CARR: I wish to ask if the ruling of the chair as to whether Article I, as adopted is not 
part of the constitution of the Association at this time, being legally adopted by this body? 

THE CHAIRMAN: The chair so rules. 

MR. CARR: Then any motion to reconsider or to file notice of reconsideration is out of order. 
The By-laws of this Association cannot be amended without giving notice of one year. We have 
just adopted certain sections, and now we want to, without notice, reconsider part of the By-laws 
that have been adopted. I want a decision on my point of order. 

THE CHAIRMAN: The chair rules that the motion to instruct the Executive Committee was 
not a part of Article I as adopted and therefore the motion to reconsider is in order. 

MR. MARSHALL: Certainly any motion that we have past here we can reconsider here. 
The question is, how in all of this entanglement, we are to attain our freedom. That is what we 
are fighting for now. We want to be a large representative body of teachers in a democratic way, 
where we can all have an equal chance. I would prefer that this motion be reconsidered, altho I 
voted for it because I thought it was the best thing in sight at that time. I would prefer to recon- 


sider this motion and authorize the Executive Commitee, or better, appoint a special committee, to 
draw a new form of Charter. 





— 





22 THE N. E. A. BULLETIN 


ee 





I believe a good, representative committee of teachers from different parts of the United States 
can draw up articles of incorporation that will give us that democratic freedom we are fighting for 
now, and I want it reconsidered for that purpose. I am therefore in favor of a motion to recon- 
sider and later on, a motion to get a new Charter. 

MISS BLAKE: I want to say that my object in introducing these amendments was that I be. 
lieved that it would be more satisfactory to bring them up before the annual meeting of the mem- 
bers than to have an arrangement made thru 2 committee, and so I brought these amendments for- 
ward because it will make it possible in the next year for the organization as a whole to consider 
these plans and adopt, or, refuse them, as they see fit. 

A MEMBER: We ought to understand that no one is really prevented in this organization 
from expressing himself. Action was taken in this meeting, however, a short time ago which did 
in a measure tie the hands of every one of us, but should we not reconsider this question, or 
withdraw frem the agreement we all entered into? 

MR. SPRINGER: It seems to me we would be very foolish to reconsider what we have voted 
on honestly at the time. When we voted on this matter we were all anxious to get before Congress 
during the lifetime of most of us. It is a fact, and the chair was right in ruling that any member 
has a right to give notice of proposed amendments, regardless of the agreement entered into. 

MISS HALEY: So much has been said about amendments that I think we ought to have it 
cleared up as to what we mean. I mean we should have a ruling from the chair. I regret very 
much that I did not call for that ruling explicitly at the time, so we could know where we are at. 
I recall that I said that it was with the understanding that this Association was without power to 
proceed to act on matters of reorganization until the amendment to the Charter is acted upon by 
Congress; and then, and not until then, could we serve notice. I said that if that is the under- 
standing, any proposed amendments ef reorganization should be ruled out of order. 

I say this is not the time to offer these amendments, and I think it is up to the chair to say so. 
lf I had known that, I would have taken a different stand on motions made before this, and I sub- 
mit that I should have been informed as to the intentions of the chair. It was an agreement. I 
call upon anyone in this audience to say that we had no agreement. An agreement was entered 
into upon this platform. We made an open statement that the action at Pittsburgh was without 
authority. We agreed that these amendments cannot be entertained or acted upon by this body 
until Congress had acted. Now, if we have to be subjected next year to another discussion as to 
whether or not these amendments can be made, we will not have gained anything. It was clearly 
understood that there would be no attempt to act until the Charter was amended on tke subject 
matter proposed in the amendment. 

MR. HATHAWAY, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: I am a new member but I have been listening 
with great interest to everything said. I fail to understand how the chair could rule out a part 
and leave in another part. I wish to make a motion that the question to reconsider be tabled. 

CHAIRMAN: Those in favor of the motion to table the motion to reconsider say Aye. Those 
opposed, No. The chair is in doubt. Those in favor will stand. Those opposed will stand. (After 
counting) the motion to table is lost. 


WITHDRAWAL OF MOTION 


MISS BLAKE: I don’t know whether I am in order or not, but this is a question of personal 
privilege. 1 gave netice that 1 wanted these amendments acted on next year because I believe in 
democracy, because I do not believe in two or three people getting together and making arrange- 
ments which are binding upon this entire assembly. My amendment is absolutely legal, but in the 
interests of harmony, I am going to withdraw it. In doing so, friends, we are handing over our 
rights and we are doing what is wrong. I withdraw my notice of amendment because I am forced 
to do so for harmony, but I warn you that if it is possible, I will put them in next year. I there- 
fore, Mr. Chairman, withdraw all amendments except those referring to Article 9, with reference 
to the proceedings. 

THE CHAIRMAN: The proposed amendments are withdrawn. 

MR. GILLAN: Then in order to make the record clear I withdraw my motion to reconsider 
my own motion. 

MR. MARSHALL: I rise to a point of order. It is that this body has been discussing that 
for sometime and it is now in the hands of the body. 

THE CHAIRMAN: The chair rules that the motion can be withdrawn by general consent. 
The motion to reconsider is withdrawn. 

MR. GILLAN: I now rise to present two amendments to the By-laws, the first for immediate 
consideration, and the other to be laid over for action next year, in the usual way. First, that in 
Section 2 of Article 7 of the By-laws where it reads: ‘That the annual business meeting of the 





\\ 


ce 











THE NM. BA BULLETIN 23 


we 








convention, etc.,” be amended so it reads, “9:30 A. M., instead of 11:00 A. M.” I ask unanimous 
consent for immediate consideration. 


THE CHAIRMAN: The motion is accepted, but no action can be taken until the next meeting. 
A MEMBER: I suggest the change be 9:00 o’clock instead of 9:30 o’clock. 
THE CHAIRMAN: Is this amendment accepted? It is accepted. 


MR. GJLLAN: One other, and this I offer in the interests of avoiding turmoil. You know 
what a time we had at Boston in 1910 when we elected Mrs. Young. It is to save us from a repeti- 
tion of that that I am offering the following resolution: RESOLVED, That Article 5, Section 3 of 
the By-laws be amended by adding the following paragraph: 

“When the vote is taken by the Committee on Nominations for candidates for President and 
for Treasurer, the committee shall report to the active members at their annual business meeting 
the persons receiving the highest number of votes not exceeding two candidates for each office. But 
if any person shall receive two-thirds of the votes cast by the Committee on Nominations for 
either of the aforesaid offices, then the person receiving such two-thirds majority shall be reported 
as the only candidate for such office.” 

THE CHAIRMAN: Notice will be recorded for consideration next year. 


MR. DRIGGS OF UTAH: I propose the following amendment to the By-laws of the Asso- 
ciation and ask that the same lie over for one year: 

That Article XI—‘‘Amendments,” be amended to read as follows: 

Section 1. These By-laws may be altered or amended at the annual business meeting of the 
active members by unanimous consent, or by a two-thirds vote of the active members present. 

Section 2. This amendment shall take effect immediately upon its adoption. 

THE CHAIRMAN: This notice is accepted for action at the business meeting next year. 

THE CHAIRMAN: The following is proposed by Deans of Women for consideration next 
year: 

“To amend Article 5, Section 3, by adding “And except that the Department of Deans of 
Women may hold their annual meeting at the time of the meeting of the Department of Superin- 
tendence.”’ 

Notice has been given and the amendment will be acted on at the next business meeting. 

The chair will recognize the Chairman on Resolutions, Mr. Hunter. 


RESOLUTION OF TRIBUTE 


MR. HUNTER: Mary D. Bradford of this Committee wishes to present a resolution for the 
Committee. ' 

MRS. BRADFORD: (Reads) “Your Committee on Resolutions feel that it is altogether 
fitting that we turn for a moment from consideration of questions of immediate practical interest 
to this Association and pay tribute, by at least brief mention, to the memory of the men and women, 
who within the year have been called by death from our midst. 


All of them were for many years honored members of the National Education Association. 
Several were, by their loyal, active support and wise counsel potent influences in shaping the pro- 
gressive policies of this organization. Ella Flagg Young, and Nathan C. Schaeffer, each served as 
president of the National Education Association, and John C. Shoop as president of the Department 
of Superintendence. To these names must be added those of others among whom are Henry R. 
Pattengill of Lansing, Michigan; Fred L. Keeler, State Superintendent of Michigan; Samuel L. Dut- 
ton, Professor Emeritus of Columbia University, New York; Jennie Rebecca Faddis, Assistant Su- 
perintendent of Schools, St. Paul, Minn.; John J. Keene, Archbishop of Dubuque, Iowa, and Charles 
B. Robertson, Superintendent of Extension, Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Resolved, that for these brave, loyal and earnest souls, who so immeasurably helpt onward and 
upward this Association, and the best it stands for, we hereby acknowledge our obligation and ex- 
press our sincere gratitude. 


MR. HUNTER: I move the adoption of this resolution offered by the Committee on Resolu- 
tions, and express the hope that we may have a rising vote in honor of our members who have 
past away. 


THE CHAIRMAN: Let us have a rising vote. It is unanimous. 


MR. HUNTER: Miss Jones will present the portion of report concerning Teachers’ Organi. 
zations. 


THE CHAIRMAN: The chair recognizes Miss Jones. 
MISS JONES: (Reads.) 








24 THE NW. E. A. BULLETIN 








TEACHERS’ ORGANIZATIONS 


A. Previous Origin. In the past teachers’ organizations have been lightly formed, seldom with 
a wide vision of the teachers’ opportunities or with a big purpose. Generally, their origin has been: 
(1) Measures demanding legislative enactment and force of united action. (2) Some specific per- 
sonal interest which has brought together a group of teachers similarly affected. (3) A grievance. 
(4) Accidental friendships leading to the organization of a club or society as the group grew. 


B. Resultant Criticism. These haphazard methods of forming teachers’ organizations haye 
gained some advantages but are encountering certain criticisms and just cause for complaint. (1) 
Multiplicity of organizations. In consequence, none can receive full support.’ In none can the 
dues be sufficiently large to permit the accumulation of funds which make possible big activities, 
The same exist on paper only, and great jealousies are precipitated. (2) Overlapping of member- 
ship. This gives sometimes into the hands of a few the control of an entire school system, and 
when it so results, it prevents the adequate expression of sentiment by the majority. (3) Apathetic 
membership. Thru the apathy of its members an association permits unworthy persons to rise to 
the top and use the organization for self-exploitation. Thru the apathy of its members an associa- 
tion fails to secure consideration of experience of its members and recognition by boards of edu- 
cation. (4) Overlong continuance in office. Too long continuance in office gives an individual a 
sense of proprietary right in an association and ultimately discourages the attendance and interest 
of the bulk of the membership. 


C. New Programs. The fundamental cause for these failures of the teachers’ associations lies 
in the method of formation and more particularly in the lack of high purpose. Just as the fault 
for these errors rests upon the teachers themselves, so does the correction. The first great problem, 
therefore, is the method of formation of a teachers’ organization. In the preparation of a new pro- 
gram, we have frankly based our plan upon three great organizations of proved perfection. For 
this we desire to recommend to your consideration three basic ideas. 


1. There should be one all-inclusive teachers’ organization, membership open to every member 
of the entire teaching and supervising staff. 


2. The holding of office should be open to every rank of the teaching and supervising staff, 
the only condition to be fitness. 


3. Voting, whether for officers or on matters proposed for action, should be planned by each 
school system, according to its local conditions, but in observance of certain fundamental principles: 
1. That no class can control by power of numbers. 2. That no class can control by power of 
official position. 3. That the plan of nominating and electing officers shall preclude so far as 
humanly possible, the securing of office or the gratification of personal aims by means of chicanery 
or political trickery, and the long continuance in office of any one person, class or sex. 


The second great problem is the purpose of teachers’ organizations. No organization can long 
exist if it is based upon a special interest or the personal aims of an individual. Groups which 
have come together for the accomplishment of a specific purpose should immediately disband after 
their task is done. 


THE FOURFOLD IDEAL 


The proper basis of a teachers’ organization is to be found only in the union of the entire 
teaching and supervising staff of the schools of a given community in the pursuit of a high ideal in 
a practical way. This ideal should be fourfold: 


1. The discovery and recognition of and the struggle to attain the purpose of education in a 
democracy. We believe that purpose to be the training of the youth of our country in such a way 
as to produce efficient, intelligent and patriotic citizens, prepared to uphold the ideals of American 
democracy. 

2. The careful study of children so as to give each individual boy and girl the training best 
adapted to their peculiar personal need and ability, preparing to offset the handicap of unequal 
natural endowment or opportunity. 

3. The development of professional spirit to a high standard so there will develop a self- 
inspired professional growth. This would involve the establishment of a code of professional ethics 
which will govern the entire teaching body as highly trained public opinion and without the need 
of any great volume of written laws. 

It should further include the idea of service, or a recognition of teaching as a civic service, 
never possible of full financial return as in business or other vocations, yet nevertheless demanding 
a pledge of service to the children of the nation to be performed to the full satisfaction of the peo- 
ple of the nation. 





their 
othe: 


and 

prop 
cials 
prof 


Nat 
ran! 


Bul 
ers’ 
teac 


Ye | 





HT 


$< 


THEM B&B A SOULLETIN 25 


ee 
ee 


4. Propaganda will result in making the people of the nation as aware of the work of teachers, 
their living conditions, and their degree of service as the public is today aware of the work of 
other professions and the trades, and as awake to support and secure their needs. 

A teachers’ organization so constituted, guided and controlled would be entitled to a hearing 
and consideration in all matters of school policy and courses of study, and thru its officers and ap- 
propriate committees, may voice its ideas and experience to boards of education, state and city offi- 
cials, and the public, and may establish and conduct its own extension courses and institute for the 
professional improvement of its members. 

Local and state organizations so constituted will logically form a part of or cooperate with the 
National Education Association so that there will result a large, working professional body equal in 
rank, influence and public esteem with the other organizations of labor and capital. 

It is in the sense of this assembly that the National Education Association should, thru its 
Bulletins and the work of the Commission and its éfficers, promulgate the formation of such teach- 
ers’ organizations in each state, community, or city, as circumstances may permit, and thus lead the 
teachers of America to see and to meet their responsibility to the nation. 

I move the adoption of these resolutions. 

MISS BUCHANAN: May I ask if that is the only resolution on teachers’ organizations which 
the Committee on Resolutions is to present? If so, I move that these resolutions do not go thru. 
I consider it absolutely un-democratic, and I as the delegate of the grade teachers of the State of 
Washington know that if these resolutions are put thru they will greatly hamper the work of these 
teachers. 

THE CHAIRMAN: Perhaps the lady from Seattle will suggest an amendment. It was felt 
by the committee that we were entirely demecratic. 

(Several other members took part in the discussion). 

THE CHAIRMAN: All who favor the motion to adopt this resolution say Aye; those who 
are opposed, say No. The motion is lost. Mr. Hunter has the floor. 


Minutes to be concluded in January Bulletin. 


Two questions will likely be presented for consideration at the next business 
session of the Association: A plan of life membership and the question of 
adopting an N. E. A. membership pin. 





NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 
Washington, D. C. 
GILBERT GROSVENOR, DiRECTOR AND EDITOR 


October 31, 1919. 
Dr. J. W. Crabtree, Secretary, 


National Education Association, 


1400 Massachusetts Avenue, 
Washington, D. C. 


My Dear Dr. Crabtree: 

I want to express, on behalf of the National Geographic Society, our pleasure 
that the National Education Association has become our close neighbor and our 
congratulations on your exceedingly wise purchase of the handsome northeast 
corner of Sixteenth and M Streets. I do not believe you could construct a new 
building for the price you paid for the house and lot. I watcht the construction 


of this property a few years ago, and know how well built it is and what good 
materials went into the work. 


By the way, the house was occupied by Robert Bacon when he was Secretary 


of State in Roosevelt’s administration, and many notable functions were held in 
the house at that time. 


With cordial regards, I am 


Yours sincerely, 
GILBERT GROSVENOR., 


Director and Editor. 





26 THE NW. BA. BULLETIN 








EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING 
SECRETARY’S MINUTES 


The meeting of the Executive Committee, Plankinton Hotel, Room 233, 
July 4, 1919, was called to order at 8:00 o’clock by President Josephine Corliss 
Preston, with all members present. 


Cora Wilson Stewart and Arthur Chamberlain of the Commission on IIlit- 
eracy presented reasons for requesting a larger appropriation for the Commis- 
sion, after which a motion was past providing for caring for part of the printing 
for the Commission in the Secretary’s office, in case it is found that the appro- 


priation of $1,000 will not cover the necessary expenses of the work of the Com- 
mission. 


A motion was past authorizing the Secretary to take such action as necessary 
to carry out the instructions that were given the Executive Committee by vote of 
the active members with respect to securing amendment to the charter. 


A motion was past by a unanimous vote authorizing the President and the 
First Vice-President to confer next week with the Secretary and Field Secretary 
at Washington with reference to the immediate selection of two assistants to the 
Field Secretary to work with the teachers of the country. 


A motion was past instructing the Secretary to negotiate with experts on the 
matter of having the system of records and accounts of the Association revised, 
and of submitting recommendations to the subcommittee, Josephine Corliss Pres- 
ton and George D. Strayer, for approval, and then presenting the recommenda- 
tion of the subcommittee to the Executive Committee for vote by mail. 


A motion was past instructing the Treasurer to pay $300 to J. W. Searson 
and $150 to J. H. Carothers for their services in charge of the N. E. A. press ser- 
vice of the Milwaukee meeting. 


A motion was past instructing member Pearse to make arrangements with 
the University of Chicago Press for printing the volume of Proceedings and au- 
thorizing him to buy paper for the same. 

A motion was past authorizing the Publication Committee in its discretion 
to discontinue the publication of the N. E. A. Journal. 


\ motion was past instructing the Secretary to act for the Executive Com- 
mittee and the Association in putting into effect the resolution adopted at he 
business session with respect to the establishment of the International Bureau of 
Education in connection with the League of Nations. 


A motion was past instructing the Secretary to drop from the lists all com- 
mittees not now doing work for the Association, except where the committee has 
been continued by action of the Association. The motion is to apply especially 
to all committees which have not made reports during the’ past two years. 

A motion was past authorizing the Secretary to publish the N. E. A. Bulletin 
in ten numbers instead of five as heretofore, and to send it to all active and asso- 
ciate members. 

A motion was past instructing the Secretary to employ a lawyer to pdss on 
such points in the Charter and By-Laws as is necessary. 

The Secretary askt whether he should permit any committee to combine the 
appropriation of the Association with that of an Educational Foundation in car- 
rying forward its work. He stated that Miss Haley and others had askt for a 





~ Ff. & 





ry 
of 


he 


ry 
he 


on 


THE N. E. A. BULLETIN 27 


eee 
oo lllllllleee=S==SQQ“kh“El™l™l“l“lQDDODOO@@T?TwWwn$}6—ss=xoOo$q“wnaT wos 


ruling on that point. The President made the ruling that the appropriation of 
the Association should be used only by the N. E. A. Committee and that the Com- 
mittee would not be permitted to use the same in connection with funds received 
from other sources, without first having the definite approval of the active mem- 
bers of the Association. 
(Signed) Josephine Corliss Preston, President. 
J. W. Crabtree, Secretary. 


ASSOCIATE MEMBERS 


The following is the provision in the by-laws pertaining to associate mem- 
bers: 

“Associate members of the Association shall be persons who are not actively 
engaged in teaching or other professional work but interested in the promotion 
of education. The annual dues of an associate member shall be the same as the 
dues of an active member and he shall have the same rights and privileges, ex- 
cepting the right to vote and hold office.” 


CITIZENS INTERESTED IN N. E. A. PROGRAM 


Wherever representatives of the Association have presented the educational 
program of this Association to public audiences they have been imprest with the 
desire of citizens to cooperate and aid in making effective the big educational 
program now before the country. It is believed that thousands of the members of 
Parent-Teacher associations and other citizens will be glad to become associate 
members and do active work towards securing increast salaries for teachers and 
improved conditions for the schools as their attention is called to the matter. 
Many reports have been received from Parent-Teacher associations and branches 
of the National Congress of Mothers asking for suggestions as to what their or- 
ganizations can do to help the teachers. In response to this request the N. E. A. 
Bulletin will hereafter contain information and suggestions along this line. Mrs. 
J. H. Francis, President of the Patron’s Department of the National Education 
Association and Mrs. Frederic Schoff, President of the National Congress of 
Mothers, have been askt to aid in preparing these suggestions for the Bulletin. 


THE PLAN OF ENLISTING THE SUPPORT OF THE PUBLIC 


Each active member, who can give a few hours time to this work, is requested 
to make an effort to secure not less than five new associate members during the 
first half of December, listing the names on the blank and sending it to the Sec- 
retary with a check covering membership dues. Those who pay $2 will receive 
the monthly Bulletin and all general information and announcements. Those who 
pay $5 will receive the Bulletin, the bound volume of Proceedings, all committee 
and commission reports and all regular publications of the Association 





u ANII GALLOG DNOTV YvVaL 


ttt ii tet neaneieeneeiaieneeeenenenieiatel 


———————————— 


SN4ZILID AO LYOddNsS AHL ONLLSVING AO SNVW' Id YOA AOVd ONIGSAIANd AAS 











a heneiaienapeiananceanone - ———— ————sa0uD}} Wad PUD 381) Bulpuas saquiaw aayaD fo ssasppp puD awpyy 






























































yA 

—_ 

H 

ea} 

— 

— 

a 

ae 

< 

ea 

Z 

(x) 
S$ 4O zs | | NOISSS40O¥d 
ag givis ALIO 133u1S | NOILYZINYVDHO | T1INa NI SWYN 
diva | | WO NOILVOOA 





SAIQUISTA] VPEIVOSSY se sugZI}I") jo qUSUI}ST] UT 


‘O "d ‘NOLONIHSYM “'M "N ‘3NNZAV SLLAESNHOVSSVW OOr! 
S3LVLS G3LINN 


3HL AO . 


NOILVIOOSSV NOILVONGSA IWNOILVN 





| 


SEE PRECEDING PAGE FOR PLANS OF ENLISTING THE SUPPORT OF CITIZENS 





THE HN. EB. A BUELL STIS 29 








TEAR ALONG DOTTED LINE 


National Education Association 
OF THE UNITED STATES 


New Active Membership Enrolment 


J. W. CRABTREE, Secretary N. E. A., 1400 Mass. Ave., Washington, D. C. 


Dear Sir:—I hereby enrol as an active Member of the NATIONAL EDU- 
CATION ASSOCIATION and agree to pay annual dues before September 
1 of each year, reserving the right to discontinue such membership by giving 
notice to the Secretary before September 1 of any year. 

I wish my active membership to begin with the year 1919-20. 


Ree: MTDNA RUT OUCRI So os es ee a ee ee ene a 


Titles or Degrees (if any), with date and source of each____-________-__-_-- 


NT NN a ke a a a ee ae 
(Cancel line which does not apply) 
Baeeuee firid remittance by check: tor... =... 2. sed $2.00 - 
OR 
Buemeeed Gnd remittance by check fers. 22-2... 5 a ee $5.00 


The payment of $2.00 entitles an active member to attend all meetings 
of the Association and departments, to vote and hold office, and to receive 
the N. E. A. Bulletin. Each active member will receive a membership card. 

The payment of $5.00 instead of $2.00 entitles an active member to re- 
ceive, in addition to the above, the complete volume of proceedings and all 
committee reports and all other regular publications of the Association. 

The N. E. A. Bulletin will give complete information concerning the 
work of the Association. It will keep members definitely informed of the 
meetings of the Association, of the success of the campaign for increast 
salaries for teachers, of the progress of state and national educational legis- 
lation and of other important work of the Association. It will hereafter 
apPear as a monthly bulletin, (10 months). 

The By-Laws require the annual dues to be paid before November 1. 
Mentmers agree to pay before September 1, in order not to miss receiving 
the September Bulletin, or other literature issued in September and October. 








SHE RW. &A BULLETIN 
—<—_— — 
CLEVELAND HOTEL RATES 


AMERICAN HOUSE 
(150 rooms) 
639-49 Superior Avenue, N. W. 


Room for one person—without bath_____--____-___-__-_--____--_--- $1.00 to $1.50 
ee ee a 2.00 
Room for two persons—with bath....____...__________-___________- 3.00 
Room for two persons—without bath__._______-_____________________ 2.00 to 2.50 


HOTEL CLEVELAND 
(1,000 rooms) 
Superior Avenue, N. W. at Public Square 


Room for one person—private bath..........._-____-_...-___-~~.--- $2.50 to $6.00 
Room for two persons—private bath_-_-__-------__----------_----- 3.50 to 8.00 


COLONIAL HOTEL 
(150 rooms) 
Prospect Avenue at Colonial Arcade 


Room for one person—without bath____-_-------__--_-_-___~.------ $1.50 to $2.50 
Room for one person—private bath_...............__...--_....---- 2.00 to 3.50 
Room for two persons—without bath___--____--_-__-__--_-----____- 2.50 to 3.50 
Room for two persons—private bath___--_--------____-____---_____- 3.00 to 5.00 


HOTEL EUCLID 
(200 rooms) 
Euclid Avenue at East 14th 


Room for one person—without bath______--_.__.-_-___------___ $1.50 to $3.00 
Room for one person—with bath___-__-..-__-__--__._---___-______- 2.00 to 5.00 
Room for two persons—without bath_...._...____-_________________ 2.50to 3.50 
Room for two persons—with bath....._..______-___+_______________ 3.00 to 6.00 


HOTEL GILLSEY 
(350 rooms) 
East 9th Street at Chester Ave. 


Room for one person—without bath_.._.._..._._____-_____..._._____. 1.25 to $1.50 
meee ee ee retirees. BT tk nce neecees 1.50to 3.00 
In rn I RNS I i a a seenerentsinenios 2.50to 4.00 
Room for two persons—without bath__._._.________________________. 2.25 to 2.50 


HOTEL HERMITAGE 
(80 rooms) 
Euclid Avenue at E. 13th Street 


Room for one person—without bath_......._._...____________________ 1.25 to $1.50 
Room for two persons—without bath_...._-_.________________________ 2.00 to 3.00 


HOTEL HOLLENDEN 
(800 rooms) 
Superior Avenue at E. 6th St. 


I ee ee $2.00 to $5.00 
Room for two persons—private bath_._...___._______________________ 3.50 to 6.00 








\ 


Roc 
Roc 
Roc 
Roc 


Ro 
Rot 


Ro 
Ro 


Ro 
Ro 


Re 
Re 


nit 
jus 
fo 


Ft od 


be 


Te 





| 


1.50 


2.50 


5.00 
3.00 


”.50 
3.50 
). 50 
00 


00 
00 


50 
0 


THE N. EB A BULLETIN 31 
————————— OOo aos 
KENNARD HOUSE 
(103 rooms) 

St. Clair Avenue at W. 6th St. 


Room for one person--without bath_------------------------------- $1.00 to $1.50 
Room for one person—with bath_.-.------------------------------- 1.50to 2.00 
Room for two persons—-with bath...........---.--.--..----- Fe Se ere 3.00 to 4.00 
Room for two persons—without bath-_--------------------~--------- 2.00 to 2.50 


NEW AMSTERDAM HOTEL 
(350 rooms) 
Euclid Avenue at E. 22nd St. 


I CRG SerseR—WiIth Belin e mde annnenesemensesinin $1.50 to $2.00 
nsec two persons—with Death... sn ecinnennencnsncsnse 3.00 to 4.50 


HOTEL OLMSTED 
(300 rooms) 


Superior Avenue at E. 9th 


ae: one perecti—privaté bath... adn cccce anew ccenee $2.00 to $4.00 
reer (wo persons—Wwith Dalt......5~. 6. wee 3.00 to 5.00 


HOTEL STATLER 
(1,000 rooms) 
Euclid Avenue at E. 12th St. 


Reraet ORC PeTeOn— rivale BAG. oo} oon on ck keene $2.00 to $5.00 
am wer two persons—private bath... ey ee ccs 3.50to 7.00 


HOTEL WINTON 
(600 rooms) 


Prospect Avenue near E. 9th St. 


net One pereon—Private bathe... cocina. $2.00 to $6.00 
veer two persons—witn Beth... oo tcc eeceeen 3.00 to 8.00 


The theory that the dollar is a cheaper dollar than we had before the begin- 
ning of the war seems to be gaining ground. The cost of living has already ad- 
justed itself to the new value of the dollar. The compensation for certain forms 
of labor has been brought up to the new level. The pay of teachers should con- 
form to the same standard. If this is a correct theory, the cost of living will 
remain high, and in order that teachers may have a square deal their salaries must 
be increast so as to bear the same relation to the cost of living as when the dollar 
possest higher purchasing power. 


The membership card is also a receipt for membership dues. 


Application has been made to the United States Railroad Administration for 
reduced railroad fare for the Cleveland meeting and it is expected that a favorable 
decision will be given within a short time. 











DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE 


THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL MEETING, CLEVELAND, OHIO 
FEBRUARY 23-28, 1920 


HE educational forces of Cleveland have’ perfected a complete or- 
ganization to manage the local arrangements for the meeting of the 
Department. A conference of this committee with Supt. E. U. Graff, 

President of the Department, was held in Cleveland early in November at 
which Dr. Spaulding acted as host. Assistant Superintendent R. G. Jones 
is in general charge of the local arrangements. The work of the local 
committee has been divided into the following departments: 


Auditoriums and Hotels, Elementary, Catherine T. Bryce 
A. C. Eldridge Kindergartens, Margaret A. Trace 
Publicity, Chas. A. Lake : r Chas. S. Howe 
Entertainment, S.D.Shankland University, { Chas. F. Thwing 
Exhibits, George Carrothers Normal, Ambrose L. Suhrie 
Transportation, O.M. Eastman Art Museum, FF. Allen Whiting 
Information, H. A. Bathrick Art School, Henry Turner Bailey 
Pamphlets, J.B. Welles Suburban Schools, W. H. Kirk 
Music, J. Powell Jones County Schools, A.G. Yawberg 
Extension, George Carrothers Buildings, F. G. Hogan 
High Schools, R. G. Jones Public Addresses, A. S. Suhrie 


The local arrangements are in good hands and the members of the 
Department may be well assured that their comfort, convenience and 
entertainment will be amply cared for during their stay in Cleveland. 


The Clevelend School authorities will present a pageant for the en- 
tertainment and instruction of the delegates. The general direction of 
this work will be in the hands of Catherine T. Bryce, Assistant Superin™ 
tendent. No doubt the members of the Department will find a feature of 
this kind especially attractive. The Cleveland schools have been espec- 
ially successful in presenting historical pageants and it will be a fine 
opportunity to see how such work is done. The great interest shown in 
the demonstration by children at the Chicago meeting last year points to 
the interest in this type of program. It will afford a change from the 
routine of papers and speeches. 








the 


\\ 


Sta