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NWN 272 ° eperht LIBRAR 








N. EF. “A. BULLETIN 


September, 1919 


Vol. VIII, No. 1 Whole Number 42 














Entered as setond-class matter December 8, 1917, at the post-office at Washington, D. C., under 
the Act of August 24, 1912. Publisht every month of the year except July and August. 





NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 
OF THE UNITED STATES 


Jour hai 


CONTENTS 


Semi-Centennial Meeting 


Outlook For The Coming Year 


Resolutions 

Active Members Instruct Officers.._.........2..22 24225 6 
oe me. Ac Gace Sypetedt Revised... 0 i Sh cn ee 9 
OD fe ee ae aa ame pee TR 9 
Public Education and Federal Aid 


Journal of Proceedings, Milwaukee Meeting 


The Association’s Program of Work 

Changes In The By-Laws 

The Smith-Towner Educational Bill 

Work of N. E. A. Commission 

Pay and Standards 

1918-19 Drive for New Members 

Suggestions of Committee on Suffrage 

The Membership Card 

N. E. A. Program of Service 

mei the People Save Their Schools..osci nck connec iinsnne cd 30 
100% Enrollment 

meer Child and very TOGO 2 ~ ccdicdeiie se eciicinn cine tnnkpe 


Securing Cooperation For Better Salaries___.__....__._..._._______34 





Publisht by the National Education Association 
1400 Massachusetts Ave. N. W., Washington, D, C. 


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OFFICERS 
De Ceres Preston, Wena ee nee bdiviencens Olympia, Wash, 
See Ws MUMOPOS, “DOCTOIAT Yoon nn er rn eo nn eee Washington, D. C, 
ae a a ee Tempe, Ariz, 


EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 


I gS SE ee Eee Olympia, Wash. 
I i chiney Soe enn ner eben apeeenagenen New York, N. Y. 
Carroll G. Pearse, Chairman of Board of Trustees_.....-.__----__----___________ Milwaukee, Wis. 
Ss lashes ent een ns ned ages fies npn cenpares eon seipanilnen estan Tempe, Ariz, 
nny i, MEAN EUINIIN R* RONOO ie k a Sector dobabuncation Mena, Ark, 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


Carrolf’G. Pearse, President State Normal School_........._....________._._..... Milwaukee, Wis. 
I cl esha lc ta cosa peip en aoe ytin en pn ctocn anes ean La Grange, N. C 
Walter R. Siders, Superintendent of Schools._.......-......_--.------......... Pocatello, Idaho 
Agnes E. Doherty, History and Sociology, High School____--_-_-__-__---.--.-..-.. St. Paul, Minn. 
George D. Strayer, Teachers College, Columbia University____.___.___.-__-..-.__-__ New York, N. Y. 
VICE-PRESIDENTS 
i a cs iol some ndgeicbos Sack hash sor cbarnigsnn snows ip mmndavesanhgebion snionag New York 
iad na nl mt csio ll m sie snnsgss sh ch leon tn ss leteps Snniom Sets enema ee Pennsylvania 
I i a a ish ae csi cr en noc ae Se oom mere cgeningpsnmensaniaccoonegiaatl Colorado 
EES SINR ae Se AR ec aC we Ce) PO See ee SERA Se ee ame Ce Minnesota 
I a a a cc a eh oti eis ein pce = ponent sees eoepiemesiaemen nines demise ihe Michigan 
ES EEE IS OSE ERAN, SATO TEE SOO: OP: OT ET OO RT Texas 
ESSAI 2S RE RO REO SN SES ORE 5 eT Se Virginia 
ES EERIE GASES ES Pe rs SE PECL EOS CENCE ee SCRE NE California 
I hk a aL Sencha eect riie sects iceberg rere tee Sng geinvcaitnnsinapaten cipabibinalalen pri —-Montana 
ee IE A as mneticnenmsincnece anion pier oieben fa ancnets ce Guibas Bib oeenntnnen ce New Hampshire 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


Directors Ex-Officio 
Josephine C. Preston._.._.....Olympia, Wash. Carroll G. Pearse._........__ Milwaukee, Wis. 
George D. Strayer_-..-.---- New York, N. Y. J. W. Crabtree_........___ Washington, D. C. 
A. J. Matthews___-....__-.-_-._.__Tempe, Ariz. 


LIFE DIRECTORS 


ih: DOIN Deco nnn wee Orono, Me. Harvey, Lorenzo D..--.--.- Menominee, Wis. 
Bradford, Mary C. C._--------- Denver, Colo. IE IA cia tenciet..epeginecbtaaaaal Abilene, Kan. 
Bicknell, Thomas W.-------- Providence, R. I. Johnsen, David B...--..----_ Rock Hill, S. C. 
Board of Education___-.----. Nashville, Tenn. Jordan, David Starr,Leland Stanford Univ., Cal. 
Brown, Elmer Ellsworth_.__.New York, N. Y. Joyner, James Y........-..La Grange, N. C 
Butler, Nicholas Murray-.._._New York, N. Y. Marshall, T. Marcellus...Stouts Mills, W. Va. 
Petes, Ps. Pa... Washington, D. C. Maxwell, William H...---.-- New York, N. Y. 
rn SOG We. eee DeKalb, Ill. Pearse, Carroll G............ Milwaukee, Wis. 
Cooley, Edwin G._------------~~- Chicago, Ill. Skinner, Charles R...........-_Albany, N. Y. 
Corson, Oscar T.-.----------- Columbus, Ohio State Teachers’ Association of Illinois 

Eliot, Charles W.----------- Cambridge, Mass. Swain, Joseph................ Swarthmore, Pa. 
a a ceenilintnsion Denver, Colo. Eg he Re re eae Decatur, Ill 
Graham, H. A._--__------ Mt. Pleasant, Mich. Teachers’ Institute___.._.____ Philadelphia, Pa. 
Green, James M._------------- Trenton, N. J. White, Charles G...-...-.._- Menominec, Wis. 


HEADQUARTERS STAFF 


J. W. Crabtree, Secretary Helen Hixon, Recorder 
Hugh S. Magill, Field Secretary Wm. E. Snodgrass, Ass’t Secretary 


1400 Massachusetts Ave., Washington, D. C. 


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THE N.EA BULLETIN 3 
————e——eEe=SSSSSSSaaeE=E=E=E=Eq~klq]=>—>=E=EjEjEeEeEE—e—_———_—_—X—XX—__—_ 

STATE DIRECTORS 

Alabama, W. C. Griggs, Superintendent of Schools__........._........_______._ Gadsden 
Arizona, C. O. Case, State Superintendent of Public Instruction-_._..............____. | Phoenix 
Arkansas, S. D. Lucas, Superintendent of City Schools._._.ttcc............_ Augusta 
California, F. M. Hunter, Superintendent of City Schools__............. ==. Oakland 
Colorado, H. B. Smith, Secretary Colorado Education Association, 232 Century Bldg..._-_-_- Denver 
ceemectieut, W. S. Dakin, 17 Westland Aventie. nnn. cnccn cscs cc ceeee ed, West Hartford 
Rieware, A. BR. Spaid, Commissioner of Edneation.............. 2... Dover 
District of Columbia, Flora Hendley, Supervising Principal Public Schools_____________ Washington 
Florida, F. A. Hathaway, County Superintendent of Schools__._.....___._______________ Jacksonville 
Georgia, M. L. Brittain, State Superintendent of Schools_.........._-..__-___________ Atlanta 
toeme, W. R. Siders, Superintendent of Schools... £2... scent Pocatello 
.-. <9, stoops, Bupermabemmemt OF Seba ie 6 cea a ssc ecstlicn etn wn centieemeictnn Joliet 
Indiana, H. Lester Smith, Dean School of Education, Indiana University_._...._._....__ Bloomington 
en 46 2e. mespeel, Saperintendent of Schedles. <n cccck oe eek nen Fort Dodge 
Banees, 1. W. Butcher, President State Normal School... 0s enn Emporia 
Kentucky, F. C. Button, State Supervisor of Rural Schools_.........-..-.-__-__________ Frankfort 
Louisiana, J. M. Gwinn, Superintendent of Schools_..._...._.___._-.--.-.._---___----__ New Orleans 
Maine, Glen W. Starkey, Deputy State Superintendent of Schools_......_...-...__.-.___-_ Augusta 
Maryland, William Burdick, Supervisor Physical Education, McCoy Hall__--..-_--_-_-___ Baltimore 
Massachusetts, Caroline Armitage, 57 Madison Street-__-..-_-.--.----_-------------__- Somerville 
Michigan, T. E. Johnson, State Superintendent of Public Instruction__._...___-_._--.-_------- Lansing 
Minnesota, L. D. Coffman, College of Education, University of Minnesota._.__._--~_~..-_ Minneapolis 
Mississippi, E. E. Bass, Superintendent of Schools................-.-_---_--------_---. Greenville 
Missouri, Samuel A. Baker, State Superintendent of Public Schools__.__.__--_---_----- Jefferson City 
Montana, W. K. Dwyer, Superintendent of Public Schools-__...-.-__-_-_-----_-_------_ Anaconda 
Nebraska, E. L. Rouse, President State Normal School_.....-.-.-.-...--.----~------...-.--- Peru 
Nevada, Samuel O. Welday, Superintendent Elementary Schools_._._-_-----_------------------ Elko 
New Hampshire, Theodora Richardson, Grade Teacher, 481 Lincoln St.-_..---_.__--_-___- Manchester 
New Jersey, Z. E. Scott, Assistant Commissioner of Education-._..-_--.------------_----- Trenton 
New Mexico, E. W. Bowyer, Superintendent of Schools_._....------_---_------------------- Clovis 
New York, Olive M. Jones, Principal Public School No. 120-----------~----_------------ New York 
North Carolina, Robert H. Wright, President Teachers Training School__.-..--------__-- Greenville 
rr 2 C, inca etsiticesini i ee pepsin dee cette taiesinaesciensbtiati dons sion bahamas Bismarck 
Gua vw. WW. Melutire, Principal High Schieel... 1. ns et en es sk Norwood 
Oklahoma, E. E. Oberholtzer, Superintendent of Schools_.....--..--------------------.---- Tulsa 
Oregon, W. C. Alderson, County Superintendent of Schools_..........-.---~---.-------- Portland 
Pennsylvania, Grace G. Swan, Principal Cowley School, 1201 Sherman Ave.___--~------- Pittsburgh 
Rhode Island, Walter E. Ranger, Commissioner of Public Schools-_._.__-_-._-_----_--~-- Providence 
South Carolina, J. E. Walmsley, Winthrop Normal and Industrial College_..._.____.-.__-~~- Rock Hill 
South Dakota, J. W. Ault, Superintendent of City Schools-.....-.__-.--_----------~----- Madison 
Tennessee, C. P. Jester, Principal Central High School__..--.--------------_----_------- Memphis 
"ee, 4. D. Fillers, Superintendent of Schools... ns ete en Bonham 
Utah, Milton Bennion, Dean School of Education, University of Utah--.-----------_ Salt Lake City 
Vermont, Caroline S. Woodruff, Principal Junior High School__.--------_-----_---__ St. Johnsbury 
Virginia, Cornelia S. Adair, 1301 Grove Avenue, Teacher, Special Class Work _~-.--~---- Richmond 
ees, Jennie M. French, Earlham Court.........--.--~ ~~. +2 5 sa oe es Tacoma 
West Virginia, M. P. Shawkey, State Superintendent of Free Schools__....-.-..__~~---- Charieston 
Wisconsin, J. F. Sims, President State Normal School.....--..----~_~---_---~------ Stevens Point 
Wyoming, J. J. Early, Superintendent of Schools.....--.----------------.-------------- Sheridan 
Alaska, L. D. Henderson, Commissioner of Education..--_.------------------------------ Juneau 
Philippine Islands, Walter W. Marquardt, Director of Education___.......--.-------------~- Manila 
Hawaii, Vaughan MacCaughey, College of Hawaii-...._._._.._--------------------------- Honolulu 
Porto Rico, Ralph S. Garwood, University of Porto Rico---------------.---------------- Mayaguez 


Saskatchewan, A. A. Kennedy, Inspector of Schools__..---------------~---------------- Weyburn 





Lee BBA. BULLETAN 


THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL MEETING 


The next meeting of the Department of Superintendence will be held in 
Cleveland, Ohio, February 23 to 28. The new Cleveland Hotel has been selected 
as registration headquarters. The President of the Department, Superintendent 
E. U. Graff of Indianapolis, Indiana, is giving time and attention to the prepara- 
tion of the program. 

Important problems will be discust at this meeting. The fact that it will be 
the Semi-Centennial Session of the Department increases the interest in the 
meeting and doubtless means a record breaking attendance. The October Bul- 
letin will give further information concerning the meeting. 


CLEVELAND HOTELS 


Cleveland Hotel, Superior West at Public Square, room capacity 1,000; }. E. 
Murphy, manager. 

Colonial Hotel, 523 Prospect Avenue, room capacity 150; Geo. V. Fulwell, 
manager. 

Euclid Hotel, Euclid Avenue at East 14th Street, room capacity 200; A. Car- 
lin, manager. 

Gillsy Hotel, 1811 East 9th Street, room capacity 350; W. L. Murphy, mar- 
ager. 

Hermitage Hotel, 1310 Huron Road, room capacity 80; Jack Meyers, man- 
ager. 

Hollenden Hotel, Superior Avenue at East 6th Street, room capacity 800; 
J. H. Thompson, manager. 

Kennard House, West 6th Street at St. Clair, room capacity 103; M. J. Me- 
Graw, manager. 

New Amsterdam Hotel, Euclid Avenue at E. 22d Street, room capacity 350; 
M. S. Hobson, manager. 

Olmsted Hotel, Superior Avenue at East 9th Street, room capacity 253; 
W. H. Byron, manager. 

Statler Hotel, Euclid Avenue at East 12th Street, room capacity 1,000; T. P. 
Cagwin, manager. 

Winton Hotel, Prospect Avenue at East 9th Street, room capacity 600; C. M. 
Snyder, manager. 

These are all good first class hotels and listed as such by the Cleveland 
Chamber of Commerce. They are all near the meeting places. Those who desire 
to engage rooms in advance are requested to write the manager of the hotel or 
A. C. Eldridge, Assistant Superintendent of Schools, Cleveland, Ohio, who is 
chairman of convention arrangements. 


TEACHERS’ SALARIES AND SALARY SCHEDULES 


The National Education Association will soon issue a report on “Teachers’ 
Salaries and Salary Schedules,” which will give the most complete up-to-date 
information obtainable on this very important subject. The report covers all the 
states, and the information is very carefully classified. It will contain between 
150 and 200 pages, and should be in the hands of every superintendent and board 
of education. 

Cost of this report, and full information concerning it, will be announst in 
the Bulletin as soon as it is ready for delivery. 





THE N. EA BULLETIN 


OUTLOOK FOR THE COMING YEAR 


I am looking forward with confident expectation to a very successful year in 
the N. E. A. The program of work and service which was so well begun under 
my predecessors will be carried forward, and we hope for most gratifying results. 
The officers and committees have assumed their respective duties with an earnest 
purpose, and our headquarters staff has taken up the work for the coming year 
with renewed devotion, determined to make this year the greatest in the history 
of the Association. 

The National Education Association is lookt upon as the great professional 
organization which represents the teachers of the United States. Much is ex- 
pected of us and we must measure up to our responsibilities. In promoting the 
interests of the teachers we must not lose sight of the fact that the most im- 
portant thing, after all, is the promotion of the welfare of the children. 

To accomplish the best results, there must be cooperation and unity of action 
on the part of all who are engaged in the teaching profession. Those in adininis- 
trative positions should be keenly interested in the welfare of the class room 
teachers and should lead in every movement to promote their interests. The class- 
room teachers should be interested in administrative problems and cooperate 
heartily with those charged with administrative responsibility. 


For a great many years educational policies have been shaped almost en- 
tircly by those in administrative and supervisory positions. This class of edu- 
cators has comprised the majority of the active members of our Association and 
their contributions to the promotion of education have been of the greatest value. 


But the leading educators of the country are coming to recognize, just as the 
great captains of industry are recognizing, that those who serve in the ranks 
should be given a voice in shaping the policies and determining the conditions 
under which they work. If there is to be a democratization of industry, there 
must also be a democratization of the administration of our public school system. 


We hope to see the dignity and importance of administrative positions mag- 
nified rather than diminisht. We believe that education is so important that the 
very best talent of the country should be enlisted in determining the policies and 
methods of our educational systems. But we are equally confident that our best 
classroom teachers are able to contribute, from their experience and personal 
touch with pupils and other teachers, much that will be of value in shaping edu- 
cational policies. We trust, therefore, that the National Education Association 
may be instrumental in bringing about a more perfect cooperation of all educa- 
tional forces. 


There are many organizations of teachers, differing more or less in their 
policies, but all striving to bring about beneficial results. The N. E. A. will work 
harmoniously with every other organization that is engaged in promoting the 
common cause in which we are all interested. We invite all to unite in carrying 
out the purpose set forth in the charter of our Association ,granted by Congress: 
“To elevate the character and advance the interests of the profession of teaching 


and to promote the cause of education in the United States”. 
—-Josebhine Corliss Preston, President, National Education Association, 





THE N.EA. BULLETIN 


ACTIVE MEMBERS INSTRUCT OFFICERS 


The active members at the business session of the Milwaukee mecting in- 
.structed the officers of the Association: 


To publish the Annual Volume of Proceedings in September or Oc- 
tober. 

To continue the Emergency Commission on Education another year. 

To continue the Drive for New Members during the next school year. 

To invest part of the permanent N. E. A, fund in Washington prop- 
erty to be used for rental purposes, and as national headquarters for the 
Association. 

‘Lo prepare, in their discretion, a complete index of the bound Annual 
Volumes of the proceedings of the Association. 

To secure a revision of the system of records and accounts of the 
Association. 

To employ, in their discretion, not to exceed four assistant field sec- 
retaries. 


RESOLUTIONS 


The resolutions adopted at the Milwaukee meeting constitute a program in 
American Education. The statement is prefaced by an outline of the fundamental 
lessons taught by the war. The aims of a program of education are then stated. 

chen follows: “National Measures,” and “State Measures.” Important items 
occur under each head. Some of the specific resolutions appear in this number 
of the N. E. A. Bulletin, and still others will appear in later numbers of the Bul- 
letin. 

Teachers Salaries: There are evidences that the campaign for adequate, just 
and appropriate salaries for teachers is beginning to show results, but we also 
know that deplorable conditions still too generally exist. We, therefore, stand 
for the minimum of $1,000.00 for any and all legally qualified teachers, and for 
legislative enactment to that end. Since thru the magnanimity of public-spirited 
citizens who have purchast space in metropolitan daily papers for the promulga- 
tion of the teachers’ salary cause, and used their journals for that end, we have 

ad demonstrated to us the effectiveness of that form of support and promotion, 
we therefore urge thru increast publicity the continuance of this campaign for a 
living saving, culture wage for ait competent teachers, until the public mind is 
imprest with the patriotic and social importance of this cause as it affects the 
future welfare of our country, and with its justice as it affects our profession. 

The League of Nations: One of the revelations brought to us out of the 
great world war is the knowledge that no country can preserve its ideals in iso- 
lation from the rest of the world. If our ideals of democracy and humanity are 
to continue, even for ourselves as an American people, it is essential that we es- 
tablish with other nations of the world such relations as will tend to preserve the 
peace of the world, demand from all nations the education of their people in the 
fundamental ideals and principics of good government, and secure for all peoples 
the opporiunity to pursue their industries and commerce without interruption 
by unnecessary wars or interference because of the selfish ambitions of any one 
people or ruler. 





THE N.EA BULLETIN 7 


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Therefore, this Association heartily approves the action of President Wil- 
son in his support of the League of Nations and urges upon the United States 
Senate the adoption of the treaty without amendment and, the recognition of 
the League of Nations as a non-partisan measure, designed to secure the peace 
and happiness of all people and the propagation and preservative of true de- 
mocracy. 

Thrift Instruction: The subject of thrift and savings is, thru the efforts of 
the Treasury Department at Washington, engrossing and receiving attention 
of all thinking people in this Republic; furthermore, the safety of the democ- 
racy in which we live depends largely upon the stability of the government and 
the improvement of the financial condition of the majority of our people. We 
accordingly endorse this movement and the work of the N. E. A. Commission 
on Thrift to universalize and render permanent the habit of thrift and savings 
among our people, and we urge that the teaching of thrift and savings be made 
a compulsory part of every school curriculum in this country. 

Suffrage: Since the Congress of the United States with commendable jus- 
tice and recognition of the rights of suffrage to women, has past the separate 
amendment to the Constitution granting the ballot to the womanhood of America, 
we urge the Governors of all states “hat have not already ratified the amend- 
ment to call a special session of their respective state legislatures so that the 
amendment may speedily become a law and our great country may take this 
great additional step in becoming a true democracy. 

Recruiting the Teaching Profession: There is a growing disinclination of 
young men and women to enter upon teaching as a profession, evidenst by the 
lessening number of graduates from Normal Schools and Teachers’ Colleges, also 
admissions to these institutions, and by the steady decrease in the number of 
college seniors who become teachers. Many of the best teachers are leaving 
the profession of teaching for more attractive and lucrative employment. The 
consequent shortage of teachers is depriving many thousand children of ade- 
quate instruction, and we affirm that the future of our country depends upon 
giving the children today the sort of training that will produce efficient, intelli- 
gent and patriotic citizens, prepared to uphold the ideals of American democracy. 
It is impossible for teachers of mediocre ability or of insufficient ideals to train 
properly the citizenship of tomorrow: 

We therefore insist that all teachers’ organizations as a part of the cam- 
paign to increase salaries of teachers, also conduct a systematic campaign to 
interest desirable men and women to enter the teaching profession, and that 
the National Education Association, and each State Commissioner of Education 
secure the services of men and women best equipt to conduct such a campaign 
among high schools and colleges. 

A Few National Recommendaticns: We advocate the enactment of the fol- 
lowing measures as fundamental beginnings of a national program in education: 

(1) The passage by Congress of the Smith-Towner Bill. H.R. 7 S. 1017. 

(2) An act providing for a year of compulsory civic, physical, and voca- 
tional training under the proposed department of Education, 

(3) A nation-wide plan for the enlistment of all teachers as active members 
of the National Education Association. 

(4) A policy of interpretation and administration of the Smith-Hughes law 
consistent with the above named purposes of an educational program. 





THE N.E.A. BULLETIN 


A Few State Recommendations: An American program in education is de- 
pendent to a great degree upon the support of education afforded by the states, 
We recommend the adoption of a specific program in public education by each 
of the states, adapted to the special problems of the states respectively, but in 
general conforming to the national program, and seeking finally a common pur- 
pose with it and all other public education programs. 

The responsibility for such a plan must rest chiefly upon the legislature 
of each state and upon the educational leadership and organization within the 
respective states. 


We specifically recommend the following steps and measures: 

1. Provisions by each legislature for more adequate financial support of 
public cducation in order to 

(a) Vay salaries sufficient to maintain the teaching profession upon an 
efficient basis, consistent with the ideals and standards of living in this democ- 
racy. 

(b) Establish a plan of systematically recruiting the profession. 

(c) Develop a teacher-training system adequate for the general and special 
phases of education. 

(d) Initiate a plan for “all-year schools.” 

2. Laws clearly defining education as a function of the state rather than 
the municipality, and making impossible the control of the public educational 
system of any community, rural or urban, by the factional politics of the local or 
municipal government by establishing no fiscal independence of school districts, 

3. Laws definitely establishing an efficiently organized, supervised and ad- 
ministrated system of rural schools upon the basis of a larger unit than the local 
district, such as the county unit plan. 

4. Legal provision for the development of flexible and adaptable courses of 
study, methods of instruction and systems of promotion to meet the needs of 
all classes of children, 

5. Legal provision for compulsory full-time education to the age of 16, and 
compulsory continuation schools upon the employers’ time to the age of 18. 

6. Laws providing for compulsory registration of minors as a basis for ef 
fective enforcement of the compulsory education laws. 

7. Effective compulsory education laws in all states. 

8. Legal provision for compulsory classes in Americanization for all illiter 
ates and all who are not able to read and write the English language with 
proficiency equivalent to a sixth grade standard, which standard shall be neces 
sary for admission to citizenship of the, United States. 

9. Legal requirement for the use of English as the medium of instructiogl 
in all schools. 

10. Legal provision for compulsory physical education in all units of th 
public educational system. 


Resolution of Sympathy: Your Committee on Resolutions feels that it is 
together fitting that we turn for a moment from consideration of questions of 
immediate practical interest to this Association and pay tribute, by at le 
brief mention, to the memory of the men and women, who within the year have 
been called by death from our midst. 


All of them were for many years honored members of the National Edw 
cation Association. Several were, by their loyal, active support and wise counsé 





THE N.EA BULLETIN 9 


nn nnn ee nO OOOO eee 
a ne 


potent influence in shaping the progressive policies of this organization. Ella 
Flagg Young, and Nathan C. Shaeffer, each served as president of the National 
Education Association, and John C. Shoop as president of the Department of 
Superintendence. To these names must be added those of others among whom 
are Henry R. Pattengill, of Lansing, Michigan; Fred L. Keeler, State Superinten- 
dent of Michigan; Samuel L. Dutton, Professor Emeritus of Columbia University, 
New York; John J. Keene, Archbishop of Dubuque, lowa,.and Charles B. Rob- 
ertson, Superintendent of Extension, Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Resolved, that for these brave, loyal and earnest souls who so immeasurably 
helpt onward and upward this Association, and the best it stands for, we hereby 
‘ acknowledge our obligations and express our sincere gratitude. 


N. E. A. OFFICE SYSTEM REVISED 


An increase of more than one hundred percent in membership during a period 
of eighteen months brought out the necessity for a change in the system of rec- 
ords and accounts in operation at the national headquarters of the N. E. A. This 
system, tho well adapted to the requirements of a small membership, had proved 
inadequate to care for the greatly increast enrolment. 

The need of a simpler and more elastic system was presented by the Secre- 
tary at the Milwaukee meeting of the Executive Committee and he was authorized 
to secure expert advice in the revision of the office system. The Association se- 
cured the services of Major Bengert, an expert of wide experience in the installa- 
tion of accounting systems, who has workt out and put into operation a system 


which will enable the office force to handle the increast membership without ex- 
cessive cost for clerical help. 


THE NEW PLAN OF MEMBERSHIP DUES 


Owing to the higher costs of printing and of other items of operation, the 
Association found it necessary either to increase the annual membership dues or 
else to make extensive savings on publications for members. The Executive 
Committee and the office staff were at first of the impression that an increase of 
at least fifty per cent in membership dues was iniperative. Discussion and in- 
vestigation, however, developt the following facts which led to the adoption of 
the new plan: 

i. The majority of the active members who were consulted did not care 
particularly to have the bound volume in their private libraries, provided they 
could have access to it in the school or public library. It is believed that less 
than half of the active members retain the bound volume for more than one year. 
Thousands of these valuable volumes are being destroyed each year at, rooming 
. houses thruout the country, simply because it is not convenient for teachers who 
do not have homes of their own to take care of these heavy volumes. 

2. Nearly all members who were consulted were anxious to be kept in closer 
touch with the work of the Association and its committees. There proved to be 
a strong desire for a good monthly magazine of live Association information in 
place of the bound’ volume. 

2. Nearly all members who were consulted were anxious to be kept in closer 
receive all other regular publications of the Association without ordering each 
separately. Librarians have been anxious all along to receive all publications as 


they come from the press and willing to pay a larger annual membership fee for- 
the same. 





Zee. NEA BULLETIN 


These and other facts led to the decision to enlarge the scope of the N. E. A 
Gulletin, and to make it a monthly publication taking the place of both the old 
N. E. A. Bulietin and the N. E. A. Journal, and containing the information mem- 
bers most desire. While the cost of the new Bulletin will be more than twice 
the cost of the old Bulletin and while it will be greater than the cost of the 
N. E. A. Journal, the saving in discontinuing the Journal and in not sending out 
bound volumes, where not especially desired, will enable the Association to send 
the Bulletin to each active member and yet to have funds for carrying forward 
the campaign for increast salaries and for promoting other interests of the pro- 
fession. The membership fees remain at $2 except that for those who wish the . 
bound volume and all other publications it will be $5. 

The new plan was workt out by the Executive Committee and office staff 
and adopted by the active members at the Milwaukee meeting. It is believed 
that all active members will appreciate the time and attention given to a difficult 
problem by the officers of the Association, and that all will be pleased with the 
plan so carefully workt out. 


PUBLIC EDUCATION AND FEDERAL AID 


Federal aid to elementary, secondary, and higher education is a practical 
necessity, and is amply justified on every consideration of justice, political theory, 
and expediency. The nation has quite as direct an interest in the preparation 
of its citizens to fulfill their national obligations as have the states in their prepa- 
ration for local citizenship. This involves not merely ability to read and write, 
but also fitness as workers, as parents, as self-governing members of a free and 
progressive nation, as men and women who know how to use their leisure a::d to 
live a good life. 

We have already liberally subsidized certain kinds of higher and vocational 
education. We must now begin farther back, by cooperating with the states in 
abolishing illiteracy, increasing the pay of teachers, insuring a modicum of pro- 
fessional preparation for tcaching, lengthening the school year, making easier 
the path of those who want more than elementary education, promoting the 
use of school and public libraries, standardizing and unifying our whole educa- 
tional system—while leaving the states free as heretofore to develop their own 
plans, to learn from their own mistakes and from the experience of one another. 


Not less than $100,000,000 should be appropriated for elementary education 
alone for the first year, and this amount should be increast year by year until 
some approach has been made to a national, comprehensive educational system. 
Two-thirds of the whole cest might be borne by the states. 


Various bills calculated to accomplish these purposes will be introduced in 
Congress. The one which represents the views of the National Education Asso- 
ciation provides for federal aid thru a federal department and carefully safeguards 
the powers of the educational authorities of the states. There are great advan- 
tages in combining the provisions for state aid with that for cabinet representa- 
tion. The spokesman for the cause of education in the national government 
should not be in a subordinate bureau. He should have an educational policy 
for the whole nation, and should command the widest and most respectful hearing 
in announcing and advocating it. 


—Part of a report on Social Reconstruction by the Committee on National Pregram of which 
Edward T. Devine of The Survey is Chairman. 





THE NEA. BULLETIN 11 


NS 
ee 


JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL 
MEETING OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 
MILWAUKEE, WIS., JUNE 28-JULY 5, 1919 

The feature of the Milwaukee meeting was the emphasis laid on the actual 
work of the association. About 6,200 badges were given out at the meeting, which 
means that there was an approximate attendance of 6,000, including local teachers. 
The reduction in railroad rates did not give the increase in attendance that was 
expected because of the refusal of the Railroad Administration to allow stop over 
privileges. An outline of the Proceedings and the Resolutions, and other work 
of the Association follows. 


FIRST DAY’S PROCEEDINGS 
Opening Session—Monday Evening, June 30, 1919, 8:00 o’clock 

The Fifty-seventh Annual Convention of the National Education Association 
was opened in the Main Hall, Auditorium, Milwaukee, Wis., Monday evening, 
June 30, 1919, at 8:00 o’clock. 

First Vice-President Mary C. C. Bradford, State Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, Denver, Colo., presided at the opening of the session. 

The meeting opened with community and patriotic singing, led by A. J. Gant- 
voort, College of Music, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

The invocation was given by Paul B. Jenkins, Pastor Immanuel Presbyterian 
Church, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Addresses of welcome were given by C. P. Cary, State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, Madison, Wis.; M. C. Potter, Superintendent of Schools, Mil- 


waukee, Wis.; Ellen C. Sabin, President Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, 
Wis.; and responded to by Annie Webb Blanton, State Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, Austin, Tex. 

President Strayer then delivered the presidential address, which was entitled, 
“The National Education Association’s Program of Work”. 


SECOND DAY’S PROCEEDINGS 
Second Session—Tuesday Morning, July 1, 9:00 o’clock 

The session was opened with community singing led by M. Teresa Finn, 
Supervisor of Music, St. Louis, Mo. 

After the musical program, the meeting was called to order by President 
Strayer. 

The general topic for the session was, “The New World and the Demand That 
It Will Make Upon Public Education,” nd addresses were given by the following 
persons: 

John H. Puelicher, Government Director of Savings, 7th Federal Reserve 
District, Milwaukee, Wis., representine manufacturing and commercial interests. 

Henry J. Waters, Kansas City Siar, Kansas City, Mo., representing agri- 
cultural interests. 

Ella S. Stewart, President Departiient of School Patrons, National Educa- 
tion Association, Chicago, IIl., represcnting American homes. 

Frank E. Spaulding, Head of Amcrican Education in France, Paris, France, 
representing war education abroad. 

In the absence of Henry Sterling, Legislative Representative American Fed- 
eration of Labor, Washington, D. C., representing organized labor, his speech 
was read by Hugh S. Magill, Field Secrctary National Education Association. 








THE N.E.A BULLETIN 


Third Session—Tuesday Evening, July 1, 8:00 o’clock 


The session was opened with community and patriotic singing, led by Edgar 
B. Gordon, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

After the musical program, the meeting was called to order by President 
Strayer. 

The general topic for discussion was, “The Organization of Public Education 
for Service in the New Democracy,” and the following program was presented: 

“Rural Education”’—Lee L. Driver, County Superintendent of Schools, Win- 
chester, Ind. 

“Elementary Education”—T. C. Gecks, Supervisor Primary Department, St. 
Louis, Mo. 

“Secondary Education’—John L. Tildsley, Associate Superintendent of 
Schools, New York, N. Y. 

“Higher Education”—E, C. Elliott, Chancellor University of Montana, Hel- 
ena, Mont. 


THIRD DAY’S PROCEEDINGS 
Fourth Session—Wednesday Morning, July 2, 9:00 o’clock 


The session opened with community singing led by Osbourne McConathy, 
Northwestern University, Evanston, III. 

After the musical program, the meeting was called to order by President 
Strayer. 


The general topic for discussion was, “The Work of the Association,” and 


the following program was presented: 

“Principles Underlying the Necessary Reorganization of the Association”— 
William B. Owen, President Chicago Normal College, Chicago, IIl. 

“The Work of the Commission on the Emergency in Education”—Margaret 
S. McNaught, State Commissioner of Elementary Education, Sacramento, Calif. 

“The Work of the Commission on the Emergency in Education”—Mary C. C. 
Bradford, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Denver, Colo. 

“The Work of the Committee on Rural Education”—J. Y. Joyner, Raleigh, 
N. C. 

“The Work of the Field Secretary”"—-Hugh S. Magill, Field Secretary Na- 
tional Education Association, Washington, D. C. 


Fifth Session—Wednesday Evening, July 2, 8:00 o’clock 


The session opened with the singing of the following national hymns ren- 
dered by the Children’s Chorus, Seventh and Eighth Grades, Milwaukee Schools, 
with Helen \oole, Milwaukee, Wis., director and Judith Rebinquist, Milwaukee, 
Wis., accompanist. 

La Brabanconne Belgium 
La Marseillaise France 
Rule Britanica : England 
I eiiatnd les 
Star Spangled Banner 

After the musical program, the meeting was called to order by President 
Strayer. 

The general topic for discussion was, “Education for the Establishment of a 
Democracy in the World,” and addresses were delivered by the following persons: 


























THE N.EA BULLETIN 


eS 
———_ — —— — ——/972°0@—(_ nna _&_  ———eeeeeeeV—eV—OeVVOeVeVO—VOeeVOeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 


P. P. Claxton, U. S. Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C., repre- 































ar senting the United States. 
Albert Feuillerat, Head of the Department of English, University of Rennes, 
‘nt Rennes, France, and Ferdinand Buisson, University of Paris, President of the 
League of the Rights of Man, Paris, France, representing France. 
on President Strayer read a cablegram received from Herbert Lewis, M. P., 
sd: Parliamentary Secretary, Board of Education, London, England, stating that he 
in- was prevented from leaving London in time to reach America for the meeting, 
expressing deep regret because of his inability to attend and sending kind greet- 
St. ings from the teachers of his country to the National Education Association. 
Senorita Aurelia Viera, a delegate from the National Anti-Alcoholic League 
of of Uruguay and also a representative of her government for the study of indus- 
trial education for social reform methods, with her interpreter Hardynia K. Nor- 
[el- ville, of Buenos Aires, Argentina, South America, brought greetings from the 
teachers of Uruguay to the teachers of America. 
Leonard P. Ayres, Colonel U. S. Army, New York, N. Y., spoke on “The 
Necessity of a Health Program as Evidenst by the War”. 
thy, FOURTH DAY’S PROCEEDINGS 
lent Sixth Session—Thursday Morning, July 3, 9:00 o’clock 
The session opened with community singing led by Lillian Watts, Mil- 
and waukee, Wis. : 
After the musical program, the meeting was called to order by President 
‘ Strayer. : 
The general topic for discussion was, “The Contribution of Teachers to De- 
aret velopment of Democracy,” and the following program was presented: 
‘alif. “Rural Schools”—Alma L. Binzel, Northrup Collegiate School, Minneapolis, 
. ¢ Minn. 
“Elementary Schools”—Marie Turner Harvey, Porter Rural School, Kirks- 
igh, ville, Mo. 
“Secondary Schools”—Essie V. Hathaway, Teacher of English, East High 
Na- School, Des Moines, Iowa. 
“Higher Education’—Guy Stanton Ford, University of Minnesota, Minne- 
apolis, Minn. 
After adjournment of the general session, the meeting was called to order by 
ren- Mary C. C. Bradford in the interest of national women’s suffrage. 
ools, A motion was past unanimously adopting a memorial to Anna Howard Shaw. 
ukee, Addresses were delivered by Katherine Devereaux Blake, Principal Public 
School No. 6, New York, N. Y., and Maude Wood Park, National American 
Women’s Suffrage Association, Boston, Mass. 
Seventh Session—Thursday Evening, July 3, 8:00 o’clock 
The session opened with community singing led by Milton H. Rusch, State 
ident Normal School, Milwaukee, Wis. 
After the musical program, the meeting was called to order by President 
o Strayer and the following program was presented: 


“Physical and Health Education”’—John H. Finley, Commissioner of Educa- 


soma tion, Albany N. Y. 


THE N.E.A BULLETIN 


“Americanization”’—Allen T. Burns, Director Survey Committee, Cleveland 
Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. 

“Adequate Supply of Trained Teachers”—D. B. Waldo, President State Nor- 
mal School, Kalamazoo. 


FIFTH DAY’S PROCEEDINGS 
Eighth Session—Friday Morning, July 4, 9:00 o’clock 
Business Session. 
Ninth Session—Friday Afternoon, July 4, 3:30 o’clock 


The session opened with community singing led by Peter W. Dykema, Song 
Leader, U. S. Army. 

After the musical program, the meeting was called to order by President 
Strayer. 

The general topic for discussion was “Child Welfare Agencies Cooperating 
with the Schools”, and the following program was presented: 

“The Children’s Bureau”—Julia Lathrop, Department of Labor, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

“Safety Education in the Schools”—Albert W. Whitney, General Manager 
National Workmens Compensation Service Bureau, New York, N. Y. 

“Girl Scouts’—Laura Peirce Holland, Director Girl Scouts, Allegheny 
County, Pa. 

“The Community Center Movement”—Henry E. Jackson, Bureau of Educa- 
tion, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 

“Red Cross”—Minnie Lee Davis, Supervisor of Primary Grades, Rich- 
mond, Va. 

J. W. Crabtree, Secretary. 


THE ASSOCIATIONS PROGRAM OF WORK 


Your president feels that it is his obligation to present for your consideration 
an account of the work, which has been done during the past year, and to propose 
for your consideration the measures which should be taken to increase the ef- 
fectiveness of the National Education Association. This has been preeminently a 
year in which the officers and members of the Association have been engaged in 
carrying forward the program of work which was adopted at our last annual 
meeting. There is a real satisfaction in reporting to you the achievements of the 
past year. It is more important, however, to propose plans which are necessary 
for the further development of a program which shall make certain the realiza-— 
tion of the ideals of our profession in the building of a greater and more efficient 
system of public education. \ 


Education Commands World-Wide Attention 


During the period of the war, and even more certainly for the period of re- | 
construction, education has become the chief concern of the statesmen of the 
world. In England, in that notable report on education in relation to juvenile 
employment, there appeared in the opening paragraph this sentence, “any inquiry — 
concerning education at this juncture is big with issues of national fate”. The 





THE BREA BULLETIN 


Fisher bill which past the English Parliament during the period of the war has 
furnisht the basis for the education of all English boys and girls on full time 
until fourteen years of age and either on full time or on part time until eighteen 
years of age. England has recognized the fact that her future security and her 
place among the nations of the world is dependent upon the education of all her 
citizens, In the United States without a representative of education in the Presi- 
dent’s cabinet and without any satisfactory definition of problems of reconstruc- 
tion by our national government it became the obligation of our profession to 
provide a statement of program which would make possible the realization of a 
democratic system of public education, and which would at the same time meet 
the emergencies of which we became conscious during the period of the war. 


The Smith-Towner Educational Bill 


My predecessor in office appointed a Commission on the Emergency in Edu- 
cation. This body with the assistance of a large number of the leaders of our 
profession and in cooperation with bodies of laymen interested in public education 
prepared a general education bill which has been introduced in both Houses of 
Congress. This bill provides for the recognition of education in our national gov- 
ernment and for the acceptance of responsibility by the nation in stimulating the 
states to meet the emergencies which exist thruout the nation. The bill proposes 
the creation of the office of a Secretary of Education, who shall sit in the Presi- 
dent’s cabinet. It is the belief of our profession that education is fundamental 
to the perpetuation of our democratic institutions. It is our conviction that the 
failure to provide adequately for education in any part of the nation involves a 
weakness in our body politic no less serious than the failure to provide for the 
common defense or to guarantee the rights of the individual. We believe that in 
the United States, as in all the democracies with which we were associated in the 
Great War, we should have a Minister of Education. We need his voice in the 
councils of the President’s cabinet. He should be responsible for the administra- 
tion of a department in which are coordinated the educational activities of the 
nation. 

This organization of a national program in terms of national legislation is 
to be thought of, not as the culminating act in our long history of work for the 
development of public education in the United States, but rather as one step 
ahead in the realization of the responsibility of our profession in the develop- 
ment of our public school system. This association has sought to enlist the pro- 
fession in support of this most important measure. The N. E. A, has recognized 
its obligation for leadership in presenting the cause of education to other bodies. 
We have secured the endorsement of the general education bill by the Gen- 
eral Federation of Woman’s Clubs of the United States, by the American Fed- 
eration of Labor, by scores of chambers of commerce, by rotary clubs, parent- 
teachers associations and other organizations thruout the nation. We have suc- 
ceeded in arousing the opposition of those who would limit the development of 
public education in the nation. We must continue to enlist the support of those 
who believe in a policy of public education, which will provide a maximum of op- 
portunity for physical development, for intellectual achievement, for social train- 
ing and for vocational efficiency to every individual in the nation. We may well 
look forward to the development of policies which will carry us far beyond our 
present program, for education must develop to meet the need of our developing 
democracy. 





THE N,E A BULLETIN 


Assistance Given in States’and Localities 


The National Education Association has always been interested, not only in 
matters of national policy, but also in the development of education in the states 
and in our smaller administrative units. Our program of work during the current 
year has involved active participation in the legislative program of many states, 
We have sought to bring about that type of ‘egislation which would mean a maxi- 
mum of opportunity to American boys and girls. We have helpt to secure legisla- 
tion which provides a living wage for teachers in American schools. We have 
workt on behalf of laws, which would make possible the type of educational or- 
ganization which promises the highest type of efficiency for our educational sys. 
teni. We shall continue as a national association to be concerned with the work 
of local boards of education. We know that at times we can bring to the local 
group the assistance which the local school authority or the local group of teachers 
must have in order to establish in the public mind the legitimacy of the program 
which they seek to carry thru. We should expect to establish such confidenm «: in 
the public mind as will mean that our Association will be called upon to furnish 
expert advice with respect to the educational chapter of state constitutions, the 
codification of laws relating to education within the state, the writing of rules of 
boards of education, the recommendation of suitable schedules of salaries, the 
proposal of types of educational reorganization, and the like. 


Association Has Made Remarkable Growth 


It gives your President satisfaction to report that during the past year the 
Association has grown in numbers as well as in its conception of its program of 
work. There are now more active members of the National Education Associa- 
tion than ever before in its history, There are more than 20,000 associate mem- 
bers, who have come into the Association with the confident expectation of be 
coming active members, and in support of the program which the Association has 
presented for their consideration. The promise of support for a greater National 
Education Association, which was made at our last annual meeting, has been 
iulfilled, We confidently believe that as teachers thruout the nation come to 
know definitely of the work which is being done that they will in still larger num: 
bers join themselves with those who have accepted the professional responsibili 
involved in membership in our Association. 


Sustained in Crisis by Loyal Friends 


In any account of the work of the year there should be recorded the suppor 
of those who, in the days of doubt and uncertainty, due to the epidemic whi 
closed our schools and which made impossible the meetings of the state asso 
ciation, came forward with their voluntary contributions in support of the work @ 
the Association. The money that was contributed involved in every case a re 
sacrifice. The motive which prompted the contribution was, I am confident, ont 
of professional obligation in the light of the crisis which confronts us in publ 
education. The officers of the Association went forward with renewed zeal i 
carrying out the instructions given them, because of the expression of confident 
embodied in the contributions which were made. 


The Field Secretary and His Work 
Your Executive Committee was instructed at the last annual meeting 
employ a Field Secretary and to provide for him such assistance as might be nee 
essary in carrying forward the work of the Association thruout the country. 





| tT UL UU Le el ee ee el” | Le he 


THE NEA BYULERPETAN 17 


em a a nn ee 
a SS rr 


were very fortunate indeed in being able to secure a part of the time of two men 
who served us during the first half of the year. More recently we have succeeded 
in bringing to the staff of the Association a man experienst in our profession and 
practist in the securing of legislation. His work during the past five months has 
been known to all of you. He will report it in some detail at the meeting which 
is devoted to the work of the Association. It will suffice to say that in the judg- 
ment of the Executive Committee and Board of Trustees the office of Field Sec- 
retary has justified itself to a degree that makes us willing to ask for authoriza- 
tion to employ during the coming year such assistance as may be necessary for 
the further development of the work of this office. A woman should be appointed 
in the very near ituture whose time shall be spent very largely in the field in 
support of the program and policies of our Association. Other field secretaries 
should be added as rapidly as the funds of the Association permit and the growth 
of its work requires. 


Splendid Service of General Secretary 


Your President would report his appreciation of the splendid achievement of 
the General Secretary of the Association. Thru days which were dark, as wcli as 
during the more recent period of assurance that we would be able to meet our 
obligations and that we could carry out the instructions which were given us at 
the last meeting, the Secretary has workt day and night in the interest of the 
development of our Association and for the realization of the ideal of our pro- 
fession in the nation. No one has more unselfishly devoted himself to the cause 
of public education in the United States and no one has more successfully workt 
for the realization of our program than has the Secretary of the National Educa- 
tion Association. Your President has had the most splendid support, and you 
have had the most disinterested service from all members of the staff employed 
in our national headquarters. 


Reorganization of Association Necessary 


Those, who have been most actively at work carrying forward the program 
voted at the last meeting, feel most keenly the necessity for the reorganization 
of our Association. We need, first of all, a recognition by all members of our 
profession of the ideal which was in the minds of all of us at the Pittsburgh mect- 
ing. We are banded together as a group charged with the responsibility of rep- 
resenting our profession. We have a program of work to be accomplisht and that 
program will grow as we devote ourselves to its accomplishment. It is impera- 
tive that in this situation we bring about an organization of our profession which 
will be representative of teachers and of the supervisory and administrative offi- 
cers in all parts of our great public school system. We must have local organiza- 
tions of teachers who feel their responsibility to the state association and to our 
national body. They must realize that as members of the profession they are 
concerned not merely with the development of education locally, but also with 
the realization of our democratic ideal of providing education in the state and im 
the nation. The deplorable inequalities which exist in public education today 
must be their concern. The obligation to provide trained teachers for all Ameri- 
can boys and girls must be recognized as a professional obligation. The campaign: 
for living wages must be carried forward in the spirit of the profession that would! 
seek to enlist the ablest young men and young women in our profession, in order 





18 THE N.E,A. BULLETIN 


that the children of America may be taught by those who can transmit to them 
the ideals and purposes of our democracy. 


Closer Relations with State and Local Organizations 


The state and national association must accept responsibility for the local sit- 
uation. We can no longer hold aloof as a national body and satisfy ourselves with 
passing resolutions which nobody reads. We must be able and willing to go into 
the state, the county or the city to present the cause of public education and to 
secure for our profession the recognition without which our schools cannot be 
effective. We must develop a professional staff at our national headquarters 
competent to give advice and to provide the evidence and argument that may be 
necessary in order to awaken the public to its obligation in the field of public 
education. The work which is to be done will involve discussion and debate in 
our national assembly. The policies of the Association cannot be developt by any 
group of officers nor by an official staff, We must become in increasing measur¢ 
a deliberative assembly. If we are to develop this type of an Association, and if 
we are to make the impression upon the country which the profession should 
make, we must have a representative body charged with the responsibility of 
conducting the business of the Association. 


England’s Attitude Regarding Education 


We are face co face with a great crisis. It was a highly significant utterance 
of a great labor group in England that suggested: “The most important of all the 
measures of social reconstruction must be a genuine nationalization of education 
which shall get rid of all class distinction and privileges and bring effectively 
within the reach not only of every boy and girl, but also of every adult citizen, 
all the training, physical, mental and moral, literary, technical and artistic, of 
which he is capable.” We must extend the period of compulsory full time edu- 
cation in the United States to sixteen years of age. During the period between 
sixteen and eighteen we must establish continuation schools in which education 
for the proper use of leisure time, and education in the obligations and practice 
of citizenship, go hand in hand with the study, both theoretical and practical, of 
the vocations in which young men and young women are engaged. We must get 
a conception of the obligation of the state which will bring our rural schools to a 
standard of efficiency achieved in our more progressive communities. The major 
support of education in all localities must, if this ideal is to be realized, come from 
the state and the supplementary support from the locality. In cities as well as in 
rural communities, social centers which offer an opportunity for the discussion of 
the problems of the community, of the state and of the nation must be establisht. 
A campaign of education must be carried on which will result in the acknowledg- 
ment of those principles of organization and administration which make for the 
highest degree of educational efficiency. 


Our Obligations to Other Nations 


Our obligation is not alone to our own people. We have today a place of 
leadership among the democratic peoples of the world, In our democracy we 
must train men and women to have a world view. We must teach a new 
kind of geography and history which will place us in our proper relationship 
as debtor to the other peoples of the world, and which will develop among 





THE NEA BULLETIN 19 


a 
a 


us a feeling of responsibility commensurate with our indebtedness. We must 
enter into more sympathetic relationships with other peoples thru a more 
significant study of their language and literature, and thru more frequent and 
more intimate association with their current problems and ideals. It is our obli- 
gation to lead in the establishment of an international bureau of education in con- 
nection with the League of Nations. It will be the function of this bureau to keep 
all of the nations acquainted with the development of educational theory and 
practice in each of them. Thru this bureau will be provided the exchange of 
students and of teachers, and the organization of educational commissions to 
study and report upon the development of education in the several countries com- 
posing the League. The bureau will arrange for international conferences on 
education in which the plans, the methods, the organization, and the administra- 
tion of education in the democracies of the world will be discust. If we are to 
take our place in this development of education for world democracy, we must 
bring to pass a great national association of teachers conscious of the power and 
able and willing to accept its responsibility. 


The Appeal of Our Program 


We are enlisted in a great cause. We seek to perpetuate the democratic in- 
stitutions in the defense of which we pledged our lives, our fortunes, and our 
sacred honor. We are ready to assume the place of leadership which our pro- 
fession must take, and we have faith in the response which the people of our 
country will give in support of our program. 

—Part of President’s Address, George D. Strayer, Teachers College, Columbia University, New 

York, N. Y., at Milwaukee Meeting. 


CHANGES IN THE BY-LAWS 


The Milwaukee meeting made important changes in Article I of the By-Laws. 
The new Article makes all who pay the annual dues active members of the Asso- 
ciation. ‘t guarantees that each member shall receive the N. E. A. Bulletin, which 
will he. ster be printed every month. The Bulletin will keep members definitely 
informed of the meetings of the Association, of the success of the campaign for 
increast salaries of teachers, of the progress of state and national educational 
legislation and of other important work of the Association, Both the new Article 
I of the By-Laws and the old are given herewith. The new form follows: 


ARTICLE I—MEMBERSHIP (as amendcd at Milwaukee Meeting). Section 1. The mem- 
bership of the National Education Association of the United States shall consist of three classes, 
Active, Associate, and Corresponding, whose qualifications, rights and obligations shall be as herein- 
after prescribed. 


Section 2. Active members of the Association shall be those actively engaged in the profession 
ef teaching dr other educational work at the time of their becoming members. 


Sec. 3. The annual dues of an active member shall be $2.00, which shall entitle him to attend 
all meetings of the Association and its several departments, to receive the Bulletin free, and on 
application, to secure all publications of the Association at a price fixt by the Publication Com- 
mittee, which shall be the approximate cost. By ‘he payment of annual dues of $5.00, an active mem- 
ber shall receive, in addition to the Bulletin, w'thout application or other condition, the Volume of 
Proceedings and all other regular publications »f the Association, including reports of committees 
and all special bulletins and announcements wh n issued. 


Sec. 4. All life members and life directo: shall have the rights and privileges of active mem- 
bers without the payment of annual dues, and shall receive free without application or condition the 


publications of the Association. ‘ 





THE N.E.A BULLETIN 


Sec. 5. Associate members of the Association shall b. persons who are not actively engaged in 
*the profession of teaching, but interested in the promotion of education. The annual dues of an 
Associate Member shall be the same as the dues of an active member and he shall have the same 
rights and privileges excepting the right to vote and hold office. 


Sec. 6. Eminent educators not residing in America may be elected by the Board of Directors 
as Corresponding Members. The number of Corresponding Members shall not at any time exceed 
fifty. They shall pay no dues and may receive free the publications of the Association. 


Sec. 7. The annual dues of all members shall be paid at the time of the annual meeting of the 
Association or shall be sent to the Secretary on or before November 1. An active member {viling 
to pay his dues as herein provided shall forfeit the privileges of membership, and after being in ar- 
rears oné year shall be dropt from the list of members. 


Sec. 8. The membership year shall be the same as the fiscal year of the Association, from 
June 1, to May 31, inclusive. New members may join at any time, and the membership of those 
joining between March 1 and June 1 shall extend to the end of the following membership year, 
Those joining after January 1, may, if they so elect, have their dues apply to membership for the 
following year. 


Sec. 9. The Secretary of the Association shall furnish each member of the Association a Mem- 
bership Card, declaring him to be a member of the National Education Association for the year for 
which his dues are paid, and as such entitled to all the rights and privileges granted by the Charter 
and By-Laws of the Association. 


Sec. 10. The right to vote shall be limited to active members of the Association whose dues 
are paid. The right to hold office in the Association or in any department shall be limited to active 
members whose dues are paid. The right to vote and hold office im_the Council shall be limited to 
members of the Council whose dues are paid. Each active member sh:dl have one vote. 


ARTICLE I (before amendment at Milwaukee meeting) Section I. Teachers, others actively 
engaged in educational work, and educational institutions as defined in Section 2, may become active 
members of the National Education Association of the United States upon the payment of an en- 
rolment fee of two dollars and the annual dues for the current year. 


Sec. 2. Educational institutions shall include schools, school boards, library boards, educa- 
tional publishers, and such clubs and similar organizations as are distinctly educational or have 
educational departments properly organized with a definite membership. 


Sec. 3. Educational institutions as defined in Section 2 may be enroled as active members and 
represented by any person regularly connected with or a member of the institution, and such repre- 
sentative may exercise all the rights and enjoy all the privileges of active membership, including the 
tight io vote at business meetings; provided, That such representative presents a certificate showing 
that the person named therein has been regularly elected as such representative of the facuity or 
membership of such institution; but no person shall under any circumstances have the right to cast 
more than one vote. 

Sec. 4. The annual dues of active members are two dollars, which shall be paid at the time 
of the annual meeting of the Association, or shall be sent to the Secretary before November 1 of 
each year. An active member may discontinue his membership by giving written notice to the Sec- 
retary before November 1. An active member forfeits his membership by being two years in arrears. 
Those who have forfeited or discontinued their membership may exercise the option of renewing 
the same by paying all arrears and getting the publisht Proceedings of the intervening years, or of 
becoming memb°rs on the same terms as new members. Active members shall be entitled to the 
publisbt Procee: ings without coupon or other conditions. 

Sec. 5. Al. life-emembers and life-directors shall be denominated active members, and shall 
have all the righ:s and privileges of such members withour the paying of the annual dues. 

Sec. 6. The right to vote and to hold office in the Association or the departments is open to all 
active members whose dues are paid; the right to vote and hold office in the council is open to 
members of the Council whose dues are paid. J 

Sec. 7. Any person may become an associate member for one year by paying a membership fee 
of two dollars. 

Sec. 8. Eminent educators not residing in America may be elected, by the Board of Directors, 
corresponding members. The number of corresponding members shall at no time exceed fifty. They 
shall not pay any dues. ~ 

Sec. 9. The names of active and corresponding members shall be printed in the publisht Pro- 
ceedings, or the Yearbook of the Asseciation, with their respective educational titles, offices, and 
addresses. 





THE NEA BULLETIN 


_—— = a a 


oan Te eee eee Sa 


THE SMITH-TOWNER EDUCATIONAL BILL 


The Smith-Towner Bill creating a Department of Education with a Secretary 
in the President’s Cabinet’ and authorizing the appropriation of $100,000,000 to 
encourage the states in the promotion of education, has made markt progress 
during the summer months, notwithstanding the many other national and inter- 
national questions occupying the attention of Congress. 


The committees on education of the Senate and House held joint hearings 
on the bill on July 10 and 11, and again on July 22. About twenty persons from 
all parts of the country and representing various interests spoke in favor oi the 
bill, and no one in opposition. The last hearing was held particularly to give the 
opponents an opportunity to present their arguments, but no one appeared. 


“The following national organizations were represented at the hearings and 
placed themselves on record as endorsing the bill: National Education Associa- 
tion, American Federation of Labor, American Federation of Teachers, National 
Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers ‘Associations, General Federation of 
Women’s Clubs, American Library Association, and the National Civic Better- 
ment League. In addition to the above, scores of other associations have sent 
in resolutions of endorsement. 


Opposition to the bill so far has come mainly from two sources, those who 
oppose the use of federal money for the promotion of education, and those who 
fear that the creation of a Department of Education may interfere in some way 
with private and parochial schools. It is conceded that proper education is of 
very vital importance to the nation, and the surest safeguard against revolution 
and anarchy. It is granted that the extent of illiteracy in this country is a na- 
tional disgrace and a national menace. It is also granted that our immigrant 
population must be Americanized. But it is claimed by those opposing federal 
aid that the states unaided should perform this important service. 


Those who are supporting the bill in Congress call attention to the fact that 
the states have been working on these problems for more than a hundred and 
thirty years, and ‘hat the situation is growing more serious. The precedent for 
federal aid to education was establisht at the very beginning of the Government, 
and has been recognized ever since. Millions of acres of land and millions of dol- 
lars have been contributed by the Government for the promotion of both ele- 
mentary and college education. But the efforts of the Government in the 
past have been directed very largely to education along special lines, such as 
agricultural and vocational. This bill would give the sanction of the Government 
to general education as well as to special’ “All that is askt is that the Federal 
Government shall give the same recognition to education as it gives to agricul- 
ture; that the education of the children of the nation shall be considered as im- 
portant from the national standpoint as the raising of crops and the breeding of 


live stock. We have a Secretary of Agriculture in the President’s cabinet. Why 
not a Secretary of Education? 


Then there is the opposition which comes from the representatives of certain 
private and parochial schools. The bill is in no way antagonistic to parochial 
schools, but some of the over-zealous guardians of these schools have imagined 
things which do not exist. On July 28 Senator Hoke Smith addrest the Senate in 
answer to these charges. After setting forth the purpose and provisions of the 
bill, Senator Smith classified the charges against the bill as follows’ 





rHE N.EA BULLETIN 


First. That the whole educational machinery of the country is to be placed 
inder the control of one autocratic overseer here in Washington, 


Second. That the bill takes away the duty and’ right of parents to educate 
their own children and the right of the children to be so educated. 


Third. That the bill would banish God from every schoolroom and is a 
direct assault upon religion. 


In answer to these charges Senator Smith declared: 


“So far from giving the department here control over the work in the re- 
spective states, it is specifically provided in section 14: 


That this act shall not be construed to require uniformity of plans, means or methods in 
the several States in order to secure the benefits herein provided, and the use of the funds and 
all the educational facilities encouraged by the provisions of this act and accepted by the 
States, shall be organized, supervised and administered exclusively by the legally constituted 
State and local authorities of said States. 

And the Secretary of Education shall exercise no authority in relation thereto, except as 
herein provided, to insure that all funds apportioned to said State shall be used for the purposes 
for which they are appropriated. 


“The language cf the bill shows how absurd was the charge that the educa- 
tional machinery of the country is to be placed under the control of one auto- 
cratic overseer here in Washington. 


“A provision is made that each State must duplicate the fund offered by the 
National Government if it is to be received by the State, and a further provision © 
is found in section 10 that in order to share in the apportionment provided by this 
section (which is the appropriation to be used in public elementary and secondary 


schools for the partial payment of teacher’s salaries), a State shall establish and 
maintain the following requirements, or these requirements shall be approximated 
as nearly as constitutional provisions will permit: “(a) A legal school term of 
at least 24 weeks in each year for the benefit of all the children of school age in 
such State; (b) a compulsory school attendance law requiring all children be- 
tween the ages of 7 and 14 to attend some school for at least 24 weeks in each 
year; (c) a law requiring that the English language shall be the basic language of 
instruction in the common-school branches in all schools, public and private.” | 


“The purpose of the bill is to aid the States in furnishing an opportunity for 
each child to attend a public school and to aid in improving the work of the 
school; to require a term of at least 24 weeks in each year for the benefit of all 
children is a reasonable provision, and the least that any State should furnish. 

“If the bill stimulates every State to furnish public schools, open for not less 
than 24 weeks each year to all the children of the State, it will do great good. 

“Surely no one will question the propriety of making the English language 
the basic language of instruction in the common schools, public and private. 

“This disposes of two of the three requirements necessary to sharing in the 
appropriation. 

“The provision requiring a compulsory school-attendance law does not re- 
quire that the children shall attend the public schools but requires the 24 weeks’ 
attendance to be in some school, public, parochial, or private, leaving the choice 
to the parents. That all children may have a chance to go to school, the State 
must see to it that the opportunity is given, but no requirement is made upon 
parents that their children shall attend the public school. 

“The charge that this bill would banish God from every school is without 





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~~ 


THE N.E.A. BULLETIN 


the slightest toundation. The bill can only be considered an assault upon religion 
by those who oppose public schools, and by those who believe ignorance on the 
part of the masses increases religious faith. The charge is really an attack upon 
public education and shall not be permitted to hide behind an exprest attack on 
this bill. It is founded upon opposition to taxing all the people that all the chil- 
dren may have an opportunity to obtain an education. It is an assault upon our 
public-school systems in every State, and carried to its logical consequence 
would abolish all public education conducted by State or local authorities. 

“1f public education were supprest, more than half of the children of our 
country would grow up in ignorance. 


“T need not dwell upon the calamity which would be visited upon our country 
if the opportunity for education at public expense were supprest. 


“Taxes paid for the support of public schools are the highest contribution 
made by wealth for the welfare of our citizens and for the future of our country.” 


The outlook for the bill is very encouraging. Senater Smith and Judge 
Towner expect the bill to be reported out favorably by the committees of the 
Senate and House, and they are both hopeful of its passage by the Sixty-sixth 
Congress. 


THE WORK OF THE N. E, A. COMMISSION ON THE EMERGENCY IN 
EDUCATION 


During the progress of the World War, all countries began to realize that 
world modifications on a huge scale were to be the results of that mighty conflict. 

The National Education Association was among the first organizations of 
national scope to attain this self-realization and to consecrate itself to meeting the 
demands of the new day. It is fitting that the body of people representing the 
moulders of the soul stuff of the world, should lead in this great task, and the 
teaching force of the United States may well congratulate itself that its own 
organized means of self-expression proved equal to the great opportunity offered 
by the mighty years Nineteen-seventeen, Eighteen and Nineteen. While en- 
velopt in the murk of war clouds, the teachers’ organization was preparing itself 
to serve when the normal light of peace conditions should have returned. It pre- 
pared a plan thru which war time activities in the school might merge into peace 
time development of educational opportunity. It developt a national program for 
education that will meet present and future educational needs and by so doing, 
rendered a service of incalculable value to the Republic. 

These accomplishments were effected thru the Commission on the Emergency 
in Education and the Program for Re-adjustment During and After the War 
created by the President of the National Education Association at the beginning 
of the year Nineteen-cighteen, ratified by the executive committee in February 
of that year at Atlantic City, and again endorst, its work approved and its ex- 
istence continued at the annual meeting of the National Education Association 
held in Pittsburgh in July Nineteen-eighteen. 

This Commission provides a permanent body thru which the Association may 
develop a permanent policy. Bedore its creation, the Association largely func- 
tioned as a means for “unlimited academic discussion.” There should have sprung 
some more definite action from the world famous progress of this great body of 
school people. Yet, this was impossible without a continuing body to formulate 





24 THE NEA BULLETIN 


policies, develop principles, and executive plans. The Commission provides such 
a means of crystallizing the thought and incarnating the will of the school people 
of the United States. 


From the beginning, the President of the Commission has been George 
D. Strayer who has also been the President of the Association since the close of 
the Pittsburgh meeting. To his clarity of mind and consecration of purpose are 
largely due the progress made by the Commission during the seventeen months 
of its existence, and he has received a very loyal support from all its members. 


The first meeting of the Commission was held in Atlantic City when a skele- 
ton organization was formed in February. Since that time there have been four 
meetings held at national headquarters in Washington, one at Pittsburgh, and one 
at Chicago. At each, conferences have been held with representatives of the 
national government, all other educational bodies, the American Federation of 
Labor, and numerous welfare societies. A great campaign has been maintained 
for the creation of a National Department of Education whose Chief shall have a 
seat in the President’s Cabinet, and which shall be so constituted that the prepa- 
ration, supplying and compensation of teachers shall be placed upon an honorable 
professional and advanst business basis; that the importance of rural education 
shall be recognized and its needs further met; that a complete program of physi- 
cal and health education may be made possible; that the problems of immigrant 
education and adult illiteracy may be solved with glory to the country, that 
compulsory continuation schools may be establisht and maintained. 


A mighty and successful propaganda is now in progress for the increase in 
the salaries of teachers, and a drive is on for increast membership in the Na- 
tional Education Association, to the end that the nearly eight hundred thousand 
American public school teachers may each realize the vital relation between the 
welfare of the great organization which can become efficiently and universally 
helpful to them only when they maintain a one hundred per cent membership in 
this historic body. 


The Commission nas done remarkabl® work, not only on its own initiative, 
but in collecting, classifying, co-ordinating the latest and best conclusions of 
educational thought and providing a coherent and courageous organism thru 
which to challenge unsound thinking and iniquitous discrimination. It demands 
with boldness that a hundred million dollars a year be given to public school edu- 
cation and sturdily claims congressional recognition for education that is par- 
tially at least commensurate with the dominating part it plays in the national de- 
velopment, 


The members of the Commission represent the great historic privateiy en- 
dowed colleges and universities; universities, colleges and normal schools, sup- 
ported by public taxation; state departments of public instruction, and the great 
city systems fromthe kindergarten to the superintendencies. A thoroly represen- 
tative group is this, and its members hold themselves as the chief servants of the 
teachers of the United States. To so serve them that the teaching profession may 
be exalted, the educational activities of local community, commonwealth and 





THE NEA. BULLETIN 25 


ES eee Or Ore ee 


Nation may be efficiently harmonized, and that the childhood of America may be 
recognized as its most precious asset, and government so constituted that all the 
children of all the people shall have free opportunity for a full and happy develop- 
ment as conscious citizens of the highest governmental emprise yet known to the 
mind of man, is the supreme aim and the dearest hope of this Commission. 

This is your creation. Use it. Modify it, Challenge it. Test it. Sustain it; 
to the end that it may the more fully meet its obligation to civilization. 


—Part of address by Mary C. C. Bradford, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Denver, 
Colo., at Milwaukee Meeting N. E. A. 


THE TEACHING PROFESSION—PAY AND STANDARDS 


The teaching profession must be made attractive to the ablest young men 
and young women of this generation. Public schools must afford opportunity to 
render service untrammeled by needless annoyances and obstacles. Every teacher 
should have a fair chance for service and for satisfaction. Modern school build- 
ings of suitable arrangement, adequate equipment and supplies, reasonable teach- 
ing hours and classes with working numbers must all be assured. Teaching serv- 
ice and teachers should command the respect and challenge the admiration of 
every community where public schools exist. Public recognition justly earned is 
a social sanction absolutely essential in the school system of a genuine democracy. 

Teachers everywhere must be paid adequately. There must be a decent thrift 
salary as a minimum. There must be a rapid increase above this minimum to 
salaries that shall be commensurate with experience, scholarship, training, pro- 
fessional skill, and personal worth. In every community there should be special 
salary rewards for exceptional teachers. These rewards should be large. Such 
special rewards should be sufficient in number to prove an attraction to the rank 
and file of our public school teachers. Under ordinary conditions there should be 
no salary of less than a thousand dollars. The salaries of grade teachers in many 
places should start at a minimum of $1,200 and rapidly increase to not less than 
$2,000. Above this the exceptional teacher who teaches a red-letter lesson every 
day should be rewarded just as the exceptional lawyer, physician, or business 
manager is rewarded. We need many hundreds of superintendencies and adminis- 
trative positions in teacher-training. colleges that shall pay from $10,000 to 
$25,000 a year. 

When proper standards are establisht, adequate teacher-training schools pro- 
vided, opportunity for social service and satisfaction assured, and just salaries are 
paid, the supply of trained teachers will rapidly increase. This increase may be 
hastened by due publicity and propaganda. Superintendents of schools, high 
school principals, and teachers‘ under these conditions should call to the profes- 
sion many of the ablest high school graduates. Normal schools everywhere should 
resort to all legitimate means of publicity. Scholarships should be offered. In- 
creast state aid and generous federal aid must be provided if the problem of a 
good teacher for every school is to be solved in a reasonable length of time. 
The Smith-Towner bill, which provides among other things an annual appro- 
priation of $15,000,000 for teacher training institutions, should receive the sup- 
port of every teacher and every friend of the public schools. Eventually, our 
people will insist on a good teacher for every child. If eventually, why not now? 


—Parl of an address by D. B. Waldo, President State Normal School, Kalamazoo, Mich., at Mii- 
waukee Meeting N. E. A. 





THE NEA BULLETIN 


DRIVE FOR NEW MEMBERS 1918-1919 


The drive for new members has been much more successful than was thought 
possible in October and November. In September supplies for the canvass of 
new members were sent to practically every county and city superintendent in 
the United States. About the time the canvass was to begin word was received 
that the armistice had been signed. Teachers who had for months been doing 
double service, relaxt and for the first time became conscious of the fact that their 
endurance was near the point of breaking. Many teachers were actually sick in 
bed the next week after the strain of war work was over. Just at this time influ- 
enza svrept the country. Schools were closed everywhere. 

After some improvement in conditions and when schools were about to open, 
a second wave of influenza swept the country and later a third, forcing the 
schools in some of the states to remain closed for nearly half the school year. 
Few of the state associations held annual meetings. All thought of the canvass 
for new members dropt out of the plans of superintendents, These were dark 
days for those in charge of the big N. E. A. program adopted at the Pittsburgh 
meeting, But the Executive Committee, the Board of Trustees and the N. E. A. 
Commission did not allow themselves to become discouraged. They arranged to 
borrow money to meet current bills. On the recommendation of the President 
they made a call for contributions to an emergency fund for pushing the campaign 
for increast salaries and for the educational bill before Congress. A Field Sec- 
retary, a Statistician and other help were employed. 

Conditiens changed during the second half of the year. The attendance and 
hence \the receipts of the Chicago meeting were double that of any previous meet- 
ing of the Department of Superintendence. The commercial exhibits provided 
$1,800 for the salary campaign and for legislation. Emergency contributions 
added more than $3,000 to this fund. About this time cities and states began 
sending in lists of new members. Many cities, normal schools and colleges en- 
rolled all their teachers, so that at the present time we have a total membership 
of more than 30,000 and the unexpected has taken place. The note of $5,000 for 
funds borrowed during the dark days, has been paid, a big legislative and salary 
program has been launcht, and there is a balance of a few thousand dollars in the 
treasury for beginning the work of another year. The outlook for next year is for 
an increast enrolment and a more general cooperation of all forces in carrying 
forward the N. E. A. program. 


—Part of the Secretary's annual report. 


SUGGESTIONS OF COMMITTEE ON SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT 


At a public meeting in Milwaukee on July 3, 1919, Mary C. C. Bradford pre- 
siding, the following committee was appointed to promote successful legislative 
action in the adoption of the Suffrage Amendment to the Constitution of the 
United States. 

Albert E. Winship, Boston, Chairman; Josephine F. Murphy, Milwaukee; 
Wis.; Josephine Corliss Preston, Olympia, Wash.; Katherine D. Blake, New 
York, N. Y.; J. A. C. Chandler, Richmond, Va. 

The committee issues the following suggestions to teachers and other educel 
tors, especially to those connected officially or otherwise with the National Edu- 
cation Association, or officially with State Education: 





THE NEA BULLETIN 27 


Were there no other reason for the adoption of the Woman Suffrage Amend- 
ment to the Constitution of the United States by the State Legislature, the 
schools would furnish all-sufficient reason. The civilized world recognizes as 
mever before the significance of healthy, educated, virtuous, loyal children. It is 
recognized as never before that there is no other organized way to promote the 
highest efficiency of children than thru a public school system abundantly pro- 
vided with the means of furnishing desirable school buildings and grounds; ample 
equipment for the best service; skilful, loyal and worthy teachers. 

This necessitates sufficient public moneys and the elimination of partisanship 
in school affairs, municipal, state and federal. 

This requires active participation in all public affairs of women whose knowl- 
edge of children is most intimate, and whose devotion to them is demonstrated by 
innumerable sacrifices. 

Any teacher or other educator, and any lover of his country who neglects to 
make the utmost effort to secure favorabie legislative action on the Constitutional 
Amendment providing suffrage for women would seem recreant to a sacred duty 
to country and to humanity. 


—A. E. Winship, Chairman. 


THE MEMBERSHIP CARD 


This Certifies that 


P,P. CLAXTON 


isan ACTIVE MEMBER oF tne 


NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 
OF THE UNITED STATES 


AND ENTITLED TO ALL THE RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES 
GUARANTEED BY THE CHARTER AND BY-LAWS OF THE 
ASSOCIATION 


DUES PAID TO JUNE 1, 1920 


This card will be sent to members during September and October. It is 
printed on a good quality of bristol board. This copy of the card does not show 
the water mark effect of the letters N. E. A. and the numbers 1919-1920 which 


are in colors under the printing. Members will be pleased with this membership 
‘ecard. 





THE N.E,.A BULLETIN 


N. E. A. PROGRAM OF SERVICE 


The National Education Association has, for more than sixty years, repre- 
sented the best educational thought of the country. It has promoted the discovy- 
ery and adoption of the most approved educational methods, and has upheid the 
highest professional standards, Without neglecting these fundamentals, the As- 
sociation is now committed to a program of active service to be carried on ag- 
gressively thruout the year. This program was inaugurated at the Pittsburgh 
meeting in 1918, and has been promoted vigorously since. At the recent Mil- 
waukee meeting the following resolution was unanimously adopted: 


Declaration of Purpose 


“The object of the National Education Asseciation of the United States is 
set forth in its Charter granted by Congress as follows: “To elevate the char- 
acter and advance the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the 
cause of education in the United States”. To accomplish this object it is impera- 
tive that the public shall give generous support to public education in order that 
men and women of the highest character and scholarship shall be attracted to 
the profession of teaching as a career, and that the highest professional stand- 
ards shall be developt and maintained and the most efficient service rendered by 
those engaged in the teaching profession. 

The Association will, therefore, exert all its influence thru its officers, its 
committees, its publications and its official staff to the accomplishment of the 
following objects: 

(1). To secure the enactment of such state and federal legislation as will 
give proper recognition and support to public education and provide adequate 
compensation for teachers; and 

(2) To establish and maintain such educational standards with respect to 
the training and qualifications of teachers, length of school terms and compulsory 
attendance, sanitary buildings and modern equipment, organization for the elimi- 
nation of all class distinction and privilege, and the most approved educational 
policies and methods attainable thru the continued investigation and study of 
educational problems, in order that public education shall make ‘':e largest pos- 
sible contribution to the welfare of the community, the state and the naticn.” 


Teachers Must Work Collectively 


To carry out this purpose the Association must have more than the confi- 
dence and respect of the teachers of the country. It must have their cooperation 
and support as active members. This is a day of organization. The trades are 
organized. So are the farmers and the business men. Those engaged in the 
other professions have found it necessary to organize and work collectively in 
order to accomplish their purposes. Teachers must do likewise if they are to 
promote their own welfare and advance the interests of their profession. 


N. E. A. Great Professional Organization 


The National Cducation Association is recognized as the greatest profes- 
sional organization of teachers in America. It is so considered not only in this 
country, but abroad. Its publications are sought by the foremost educators of 
foreign countries, and are found in the leading libraries of the world. Honorable 
Simeon D. Fess, Chairman of the Committee on Education of the House of Rep- 





THE N.E.A BULLETIN 29 


Seen ene eaas aa SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSsseeeeee 
EEE ———————_— nn. 


resentatives, declared publicly before members of Congress that he considered 
the Volumes of Proceedings of the National Education Association the best col- 
lection of educational literature in the world. Every teacher in the country 
should consider it a privilege and an honor to be an active member of this As- 
sociation. 


Led In Salary Campaign 


The Association has led in the nation wide campaign for more adequate sup- 
port of public education. It sent out during the past year tens of thousands of 
letters to boards of education urging the necessity of higher salaries for teach- 
ers in the interest of the children of the nation. It sent letters containing facts 
and arguments on the same subject to all the leading newspapers and magazines 
of the country. The numerous editorials and articles which have appeared in 
support of this movement were inspired very largely by the appeals of the Asso- 
ciation, and the information furnisht has been generally quoted and used thruout 
the country. The Association has continually urged that just recognition and 
generous support of public education, including higher salaries for teachers, was 
necessary in order to prevent the deterioration of our public schools and the dis- 
astrous results which must follow. 


Promoted Smith-Towner Bill 


The Association has also led in the movement to give proper recognition te 
education by the establishment of a Department of Education with a Secretary 
in the President’s cabinet. It has cooperated with other great organizations in- 
terested in the same cause, and has prepared and publisht arguments in support 
of this measure which have been accepted by all. Its representatives are fre- 
quently called upon by members of Congress for information and advice in the 
drafting and consideration of educational bills, and its officers and official staff 
are invited to appear before the largest and most influential organizations in the 
country to discuss educational questions. 


Membership More Than Doubled 


Notwithstanding the war, the influenza, the high cost of living and the low 
salaries of teachers, the Association has more than doubled its membership dur- 
ing the past two years. It now has about 35,000 members, But there are more 
than 700,000 teachers in the United States. Surely a majority of them ought to 
belong to the professional organization which is fighting their battles and work- 
ing to advance the interests of their profession, and which is doing this in -such 
a way as to command public confidence and respect and promote the welfare of 
the children of the nation. The more members the Association has the greater 
will be its influence for good. The larger the organization the greater its power. 


All Teachers Active Members 


At the Milwaukee meeting, in July, 1919, the by-laws of the Association were 
amended to permit all teachers to become active members by the payment of 
$2.00, without any additional fee for enrollment or initiation. Active membership 
in the Association entitles a teacher to receive the N. E. A. Bulletin, 
to attend all meetings of the Association and its departments, to vote, hold 
office and serve on the committees of the Association, and to receive every as- 





30 THE N.E.A BULLETIN 


sistance which the Association can give. But, most of all, it offers to every 
teacher in the United States the opportunity to be associated actively with other 
educators of the country in the advancement of the teaching profession, and the 
promotion of the cause of education. To be a part of the organized teaching pro- 
fession develops self respect and increases a teacher’s efficiency. Many boards 
of education are coming to recognize this fact. 


Has Undertaken Great Work 


The National Education Association has a proud history, but it is not living 
in the past. It has undertaken a great work for the present. It is committed to 
a great cause, Its forces are devoted to the advancement of the teaching pro- 
fession, ‘and thru the teaching profession the promotion of the highest welfare 
of the nation. The Association will work in hearty cooperation with every other 
organization that promotes the welfare of the teachers and upholds high pro- 
fessional standards. It invites to active membership all the teachers of the 
country. Its organization is purely democratic, every active member prescuit at 
the annual business meeting having an equal voice with every other active mem- 
ber in determining its policies. 


Association Invites Cooperation 


Those not actively engaged in teaching, but interested in the promotion of 
education, may become associate members on the same terms as active members, 
and enjoy the same privileges except the right to vote and hold office. The As- 
sociation seeks the cooperation of men and women of intelligence and vision 
who believe that the right kind of education should be guaranteed to every child 
and citizen of the nation, that we may preserve our own treasured institutions 
while we would light the pathway of freedom for all the world. 


WILL THE PEOPLE SAVE THEIR SCHOOLS? 


All the powers of organized government, federal, state and municipa!, are 
grappling with the subject of the high cost of living. We are no longer at war. 
Hostilities on the European battlefields ceast over nine months ago. The 
American armies have returned to our shores. But prices continue to rise. The 
railroad employees, whose wages were increast about one billion dollars a year, 
are asking for another increase aggregating about eight hundred million dollars 
a year to enable them to meet the increasing cost of living. 

But what of the school teachers of the country whose salaries are only 
slightly above what they were before the war, with the cost of living doubled? 
It is true that in some places school boards have increast the salaries of their 
teachers considerably, but in many more places only small increases were given. 
From the special bulletin issued in June by the National Education Association on 
“Higher Salaries for Teachers”, which gives the very latest data on the subject, 
we quote the following: 

‘What has been accomplisht is gratifying, but the problem is not solved. Increases of from 
10 per cent to 20 per cent, or even much more, are not sufficient to meet the very much gieater 
increases in the cost of living, cost of professional training, and the other expenses necessary to @ 


teacher. While some places have made very satisfactory progress, conditions in many places of the 
country remain most deplorable. 


“Compare the average annual salaries paid the teachers of this country in 1918, $630.64, with 
the salaries paid in other vocations and professions. The average wage of 4,198 workers in ship 





~ wee © 


THE N.E.A. BULLETIN 


yards during 1918 was $1,411, or 224 per cent of the average salary paid teachers. There is no 
class of workers in the railroad service, not even the section hands, but what receives 107 per cent 
to 500 per cent of the average salary paid teachers. A comparison of the teacher’s average salary 
of $€20 with “Union Scales of Wages in Operation in Certain Selected Industrial Cities of the 
United States’, shows that hod carriers earn from one and one-half to twice as much; that head 
bakers, carpenters, glaziers and printing machine tenders earn twice as much; that wiremen, lathers, 
blacksmiths and machinists earn about two and one-half times as much; and that brick layers, 
plumbers and structural iron workers earn about three times as much. These comparisons are all 
with kinds of work requiring much less preparation than teaching, which, it is conceded, should 
require at least 6 years of study and professional preparation beyond the eighth grade. When 
teachers’ salaries are compared with the incomes of lawyers, doctors and persons of other profes- 
sions, the comparison is even more disparaging. , 


“Our investigation has revealed that as a direct result of the low salaries paid there is a 
shortage of teachers, that many successful teachers are leaving the profession, and that fewer s‘u- 
dents are attending normal schools and teacher training institutions. These three conditions lead 
in the same direction,—backward and downward to incompetency and inefficiency in teaching, at a 
time when the nation needs, as never before, to have public education built up and strengthened. 
As a matter ef wise public policy the best teachers should be held in the profession, anJ the mest 
capable young men and young women should be induced to take up teaching as a career. How can 
this be accomplisht? Only by making the salaries and teaching conditions as inviting as the 
salaries and conditions in other vocations and professions. To be penurous is sure to drive the 
best and most capable out of the profession and bring disaster to public education. It is a public 
disgrace that in this, the richest country in the werld, men and women who are devoting their 
lives to the promotion of public welfare should have to beg for a living wage, or be forced to leave 
their profession. In the end, however, the results are far more disastrous to the public than to 
the teacher. 


“Mr, Frank A. Vanderlip, President of the National City Bank of New York, declared on his 
return from Europe that upon the United States rests the responsibility of saving Europe from a 
second great crisis—the crisis of reconstruction under pauperized conditions. Even greater than 
this responsibility is the obligation we owe to our country and to our own people. While helping 
other nations to be free we must not neglect the foundations of our own liberties. The right kind 
of education is essential to free government, and the best place to inculcate the spirit of true 
patriotism and teach American ideals is in the public schools. If we neglect education in any part 
of our country, the seeds of anarchy and revolution will grow in these neglected fields, and our 
whole nation will be endangered. 


“Many people do not know that their schools are facing a crisis. The public must be educated. 
Those who realize the conditions and see the danger must help enlighten those who do not, that all 
may know, and knowing, act. The National Education Association has undertaken to do its part. 
Others are rendering valuable service. But the task is great, and volunteers are needed. ‘The call 
is to men and women of intelligence, vision and courage, that enlightenment may be everywhere in 
the land that holds the torch of liberty for all the world”’. 


100 PER CENT ENROLMENT 


Many city and county school systems, normal schools, colleges and teachers 
organizations will make an effort this year for a complete enrolment of their 
teachers in-the N. E. A. A few have reacht the 100 per cent mark during the 
vacation. : 


All schools and organizations securing a complete enrolment of their teach- 
ers will receive a special certificate and will be listed in the N. E. A. Bulletin. 
The superintendent of schools, the college president or the president of the 
association is requested to inform the Secretary when the 100 per cent enrolment 
is complete. It is suggested that a special effort be made by every educational 
unit for a complete enrolment in September. 





THE N. EA BULLETIN 


EVERY CHILD AND EVERY TEACHER 


It is not too much to say that the world is being forced willy nilly to a new 
activity for the protection of all children—not a few children, not favored chil- 
dren, but all children. War losses of population and of wealth force Europe. A 
decent self-respect would force the United States even if it were not plain that 
the nations which are to maintain leadership will be those which most wisely and 
generously equip the children of today and tomorrow. 


Each year more than one million children between 14 and 16 years old leave 
the schools to go to work—the great majority have not reacht the 7th grade. 
What work do they find? Who helps them find it? Who gives them the guid- 
ance, the physical protection they had yesterday in the best schools? Do they 
need protection less or more? Are promising jobs ready for boys and girls of 
14 and 15 or even 16? Are they equipt for self-directing, self-supporting life? 
These are the questions which | well know stir teachers as they see children go 
out of the door for the last time. No satisfactory answers to these questions J 
are ready. With a few pioneer exceptions there is no organization for aiding and | 
guiding children as they enter industry. Those who study the industrial expe- 
riences of these children well know that really desirable employment for children 
under sixteen does not exist in the labor market. Children are not protected at 
work, nor can they be, as the best schools protect them. The school exists for 
them,—inevitably children are in the shop for the sake of the product. We are 
just beginning to realize how little we know of the effect of various kinds oi em- 
ployment on children in their early teens. There is a vast amount of study by 
their elders needed before we can be sure of the effect upon children’s minds and 
bodies of different types of work, under good or bad conditions. .A great co- 
operative undertaking is required to deal with the launching of children and 
young persons in work. Teachers, factory inspectors, the coming juvenile em- 
ployment service, public health physicians and nurses, public spirited volunteers, 
all are needed, 


{ 


But there is another and more important aspect of the matter. Why should 
children go to work at 14 or before 16? The Back-to-School and Stay-in- 
School Drives of Children’s Year which were:-made to aid in showing the only 
true way to control child labor—namely by longer school life—revealed to many 
communities what teachers often know but are powerless to prevent—the un- | 
necessary school-leaving as soon as the law permits or as the 8th grade is reacht. 


It is said with considerable authority that of all the children who leave at 14 
at least two-thirds are not compelled by poverty to leave. If by vigorous pre- 
sentation of all the persuasive facts available we can persuade this two-thirds that 
it is for their future advantage to go back to school, what of the one-third who 
are dragged out of school by actual poverty? Do they not need the extra school 
ing as much as the others? Without it they are destined for the -blind alley. 
Successful efforts to secure scholarships for such children are under way in va 
rious parts of the country; exccllent results can be shown already, and the move- 
ment is growing at present tho chiefly thru private effort. Proper plans for pro- 
viding scholarships are arranged so that the recipient’s self-respect is not hurt 
The scholarship plan is a make-shift for adequate family income but it is for- 
ward-looking and tends to obliterate class and property distinctions in education 
by the effort to hold all children within school. 





THE N.E.A BULLETIN 33 


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a 


Because as l| indicated in the beginning the United States is morally com- 
pelied to give thought and money to the protection of childhood as never before, 
the Children’s Bureau askt that the second year of the war be called Chil- 
dren’s Year and with the cooperation of the Woman’s Committee of the 
Council of National Defense and a nation-wide net work of organizations a pro- 
gram was carried out for making the needs of children better understood. The 
last “drive” of the program had for its slogans Back-to-School and Stay-in-School. 
Thanks to the hearty approval and help of the school people it has had a genu- 
ine influence which is not diminisht but is markedly increasing. The women of 
the Child Welfare Committees of the country have not abandoned the work they 
began last year. We hope there will be a notable difference in the carly leaving 
due to their continuing efforts, and to the teaching authorities who have taken a 
splendid part in the movement. 


At the conclusion of the year’s activitics a conference was held upon Child 
Welfare Standards in Washington. Standards were adopted there for discussion 
thruout the country and for later adoption in whatever form may be axreed. 
Some of the standards relating to work and school are as follows: 


The age minimum for entering employment is 16 years and all children are 
required to attend school for at least 9 months cach year, either full time or 
part time between the ages of 7 and 18. 


Children between 16 and 18 who have completed the eighth grade and are 
legally and regularly employed shall be required to attend day continuation 
schools eight hours a week. 

Vacation schools placing special emphasis on healthful play and leisure time 
activities shall be provided for all children, 

There shall be periodical medical examination of all working children who 
are under 18 years of age. 

There shall be a central agency which shall deal with all juvenile employ- 
ment problems. 

Adequate provision shall be made for advising children when they leave 
school of the employment opportunitics open to them, for assisting them in find- 
ing suitable work and providing for them such supervision as may be needed 
during the first few years of their employment. 

All agencies working toward these ends shall be coordinated thru the central 
agency suggested. 

The suggested Standards have been carefully workt out by specialists of 
high authority in the various phases of child welfare. When we can attain them 
in actual living conditions this country will have been lifted to a better rank among 
nations. But standards are valuable only as they are progressive and so these 
are offered as embodying the practical wisdom of today and therefore leading 
toward the standards of tomorrow. These standards are printed in full and dis- 
tributed for criticism. They are at the service of any one who cares to ask the 
Bureau for a copy. They attempt to cover not only schooi and work, but all as- 
pects of child welfare. 

And now for all the social implications in the modern conception of the 
public school, all the refinements and precisions of technical teaching, all the 
never ceasing demands of all the up-lifters that their scries of good causes shall 
be brought into the school by the teachers, what do we offer? Only the privi- 
lege of making bricks without straw. Teachers are members of the most fun- 





34 THE NEA. BULLETIN 


rr a 


damental profession but one, and the least recognized but one—I mean, of course, 
that teachers come after mothers. I do not minimize fathers, but ‘the technique 
of bringing up a family belongs to mothers. Teachers, whether men or women, 
are like mothers—the astounding thing is that so many of them, with poor 
equipment, with poor pay, without assurance—in most states—against the poor 
house, retain a warm, human interest in boys and girls and accomplish miraculous 
things for them against unbelievable odds. 

The teacher’s work is imperative. Its scope must be made universal. The 
day must come soon when every child shall be taught and every teacher shall 
have adequate professional training, school equipment and conditions affording a 
chance to teach most effectively, and the certainty of pay which allows comfort 
and a secure future. 


—Part of an address by Julia C. Lathrop, Bureau of Child Welfare, Washington, D. C., Milwaukee 
Meeting N. E. A. 


SECURING COOPERATION FOR BETTER SALARIES 


The N. E. A. has been very successful, in its campaign for higher salaries for 
teachers, in securing the active cooperation of magazines and newspapers and of 
other national organizations interested in promoting the public welfare. In 
addition to the thousands of letters and bulletins that have been sent direct to 
superintendents and boards of education, letters and bulletins have been sent to 
the press and to officers of civic organizations giving the facts and showing the 
necessity of action on the part of the public in order to save their schools. 


The results have been most gratifying. Hwndreds of news articles and edi- 
torials have appeared, based on the facts furnisht by this Association. Teachers 
will recall the most excellent article which appeared first in the Literary Digest 
on the subject, “Justice to the Foster Parents of our Children,” and which was 
copied generally thruout the country. The basic facts for this article were 
furnisht by the N. E. A. The Association is being recognized more and more 
as the source of reliable information, and the national representative of the 
teaching profession. 





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THE N. E,A. BULLETIN 35 


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DEPARTMENT OFFICERS NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 
1919-1920 


THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATION 


President, Homer H. Seerley, President State Normal School Cedar Falls, Ia. 
Vice-President, Josephine Corliss Preston, State Superintendnt of Public Instruction-Olympia, Wash. 
Secretary, Adelaide Steel Baylor, Federal Agent for Home Economics Washington, D. C. 


DEPARTMENT OF KINDERGARTEN EDUCATION 


President, Nina C. Vandewalker, Director, Kindergarten Dept., State Normal School_ Milwaukee, Wis. 
Vice-President, Margaret McIntire, Supervisor of Kindergartens Cambridge, Mass. 
Secretary, Julia Bothwell, Supervisor of Kindergartens Cincinnati, Ohio 


DEPARTMENT OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 


President, Lillie Ernst, Elementary School Principal St. Louis, Mo. 
Vice-President, Zenio C. Scott, Assistant Superintendent Trenton, N. J. 
Secretary, Gail Calmerton, Supervisor of Primary Instruction Fort Wayne, Ind. 


DEPARTMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION 


President, W. W. McIntire, Principal Norwood High School Norwood, Ohio 
Vice-President, Charles H. Perrine, Principal Wendell Phillips High School Chicago, IIl. 
Secretary, Anna Willson, Principal High School Crawfordsville, Ind. 


DT has 6 adc e " EICHER EDUCATION 
President, Guy Stanton Ford, University of idinnesuia-___._------_--_----__-_- Minneapolis, Minn. 
Secretary, J. J. Pettijohn, Director Educational Extension, Bureau of Education-__Washington, D. C. 


DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL SCHOOLS 


President, John R. Kirk, President State Normal School 
Secretary, Anna M. Tibbetts, Fargo College 
Vice-President, Joseph Rosicr, President Fairmont State Normal School 


DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS EDUCATION 
President, J. A. Bock, Head Commercial Department, South Division High School__Milwaukee, Wis. 


Secretary, Lillian Neipert, State Normal School, Whitewater, Wis. 


DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 


President, John Callahan, State Director Vocational Education, Madison, Wis 
First Vice-President, Cleo Murtland, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich 
Secretary, Arthur F. Payne, College of Education, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minn 


DEPARTMENT OF RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION 


President, H. A. Allen, Rural School Agent, Department of Education Augusta, Maine 
Vice-President, Amalia Bengston, County Superintendent of Schools, Renville County-_Olivia, Minn. 
Secretary, Mabel Carney, Teachers College, Columbia University New York, N. Y. 


DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE INSTRUCTION 


President, George R. Twiss, Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 
Vice-President, James H. Smith, Assistant Principal, Austin High School Chicago, IIl. 


DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC EDUCATION 


President, W. Otto Miessner, State Normal School Milwaukee, Wis. 
Vice-Presidnet, Glen H. Woods Oakland, Calif. 
Secretary, Sarah B. Callinan, William Penn High School Philadelphia, Pa. 





THE N.E.A BULLETIN 


DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HYGIENE 


President, O. B. Nesbitt, School Health Commissioner 
Vice-President, H. S. Gruver, Superintendent of Schools 
Secretary, Alice H. Wood, Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund 


DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 


President, Randall D. Warden, Director of Physical Education___.._._.______________-__ Newark, N, J 

Vice-President, Lawrance L. Hill, Director of Physical Education Albany, N, Y, 

Secretary, Esther Watson, Secretary New England Division War Work Council, Y. W. C. A. 
Boston, M 


DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 


President, Albert Wunderlich, Commissioner of Schools St. Paul, Mina! 
Vice-President, George W. Gerwig, Secretary Board of Education Pittsburgh, P 
Secretary, William C. Bruce, Editor American School Board Journal___-_____-_-____ Milwaukee, Wj 


DEPARTMENT OF CLASSROOM TEACHERS 


President, Sara H. Fahey, Teacher of English, Seward Park Intermediate School_.New York, N. Y, 
Vice-President, Ethel M. Gardner, Teacher in Park School_._._-__-_-.-_-.-----_- Milwaukee, Wi 
Secretary, Jeannette O’Rourke, Teacher in High School Seattle, Wa 


DEPARTMENT OF DEANS OF WOMEN 


President, Kathryn S. McLean, Dean of Women, Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware, Ohi 


Vice-President, Eva Johnston, Dean of Women, University of Missouri_.____-_- Columbia, Missourgg 
Secretary, Anne Dudley Blitz, Dean William Smith College Geneva, WN, Y, 
Treasurer, Florence M. Richards, Dean of Women, State Normal School Winona, Mina 


DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL PATRONS 


President, Lou Francis, 913 Madison Ave Columbus, Ohi 
Vice-President, Gertrude S. Martin, 932 Stewart Ave Ithaca, N, Y, 


LIBRARY DEPARTMENT 


President, O. S. Rice, Supervisor of School Libraries, State Department of Public Instruction 
Madison, Wis 

Vice-President, Florence N. Hopkins, Librarian Central High School Detroit, Michi 

Secretary, Irma Walker, Librarian High School Biwabik, Minng 


DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATIONS 


President, George L. Towne, Editor Nebraska Teacher Lincoln, Nebr 
Secretary, Beulah Brown, Assistant Primary Supervisor St. Paul, Mins 


DEPARTMENT OF THE WIDER USE OF SCHOOLHOUSES 


President, Raymond F. Crist, Director of Citizenship, Department of Labor Washington, D. 
Vice-President, I. B. Morgan, Principal Continuation Schools Kansas City, Kaw) 
Secretary, Margarita Spaulding Gerry, Board of Education Washington, D. 


DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE 


President, E. U. Graff, Superintendent of Schools 

First Vice-President, D. J. Kelly, Superintendent of Scheols 
Second Vice-President, H. S. Johnson, Superintendent of Schools 
Secretary, Charl O. Williams, County Superintendent of Schools 





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THE N.E.A BULLETIN 


National Education Association 
OF THE UNITED STATES 


New Active Membership Enrolment 


J. W. CRABTREE, Secretary N. E. A., 1400 Mass, Ave., Washington, D. C. 


Dear Sir:—I hereby enrol as an active Member of the NATIONAL EDU- 
CATION ASSOCIATION and agree to pay annual dues before September 
1 of each year, reserving the right to discontinue such membership by giving 
notice to the Secretary before September 1 of any year. 


I wish my active membership to begin with the year 1919-20. 
Name (plainly written) 


Titles or Degrees (if any), with date and source of each 


Post office 


(Cancel line which does not apply) 
Enclosed find remittance by check for 
OR 

Enclosed find remittance by check for 


The payment of $2.00 entitles an active member to attend all meetings 
of the Association and departments, to vote and hold office, and to receive 
the N. E. A. Bulletin. Each active member will receive a membership card. 

The payment of $5.00 instead of $2.00 entitles an active member to re- 
ceive, in addition to the above, the complete volume of proceedings and all 
committee reports and all other regular publications of the Association. 

The N. E. A. Bulletin will give complete information concerning the 
work of the Association. It will keep members definitely informed of the 
meetings of the Association, of the success of the campaign for increast 
salaries for teachers, of the progress of state and national educational legis- 
lation and of other important work of the Association. It will hereafter 
appear as a monthly bulletin, (10 months). 

The By-Laws require the annual dues to be paid before November 1. 
Members agree to pay before September 1, in order not to miss receiving 
the September Bulletin, or other literature issued in September and October. 





THE NBA. BULLETIN 


National Education Association 
OF THE UNITED STATES 
1400 Massachusetts Avenue N. W., Washington, D. C. 


Data Blank for Active Members 


If any changes or additions are desired in the items of your enrolment as 
printed in the Yearbook indicate the same below; otherwise write your name on 
the upper line and write the word “correct” across the other blank spaces, and 
return at once. If your dues are not paid for 1919-20 fill out the complete blank 
and enclose check for $2 or $5. 


Name (in full) 


Titles or Degrees (if any), with date and source of each 


PAYMENT OF DUES 


“If you have not paid membership dues for 1919-20, kindly fill out the fol- 
lowing: 


(Cancel line which does not apply.) 


Find enclosed check for 


Or 


Find enclosed check for 


The September N. E. A. Bulletin will be mailed out the first week of Sep- 
tember to addresses as shown on the records in the office, but we hope to have 
corrections made in time for the October Bulletin. The bound Volume of Pro- 
ceedings will be ready to mail out in October. 

The changes in the By-Laws and the installation of a new system of records 
and accounts also make it necessary to check up on enrolment data as early as 
possible. 





_— ss. 2. 2. eee eee eee ee ee ee he " 


THE N.E.A BULLETIN 


PERMANENT MEMBERSHIP 


The growth of the permanent membership of the Association since its or- 
ganization is shown in the following table: 


TABLE SHOWING ACTIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP ENROLMENT SINCE 1897 








ra | Total | fe tal 

* y a nelu 
R sy Total : Active jing As- 
drawal Loss Member aopiate 


Addi- |Loss by 


Meeting tions | Death 





1897-98._____| Washington 20 175 1,952 
Los Angeles 26 121 2,204 

Charleston 32 2,321 

18 2,810 

23 3,215 

17 4,288 

30 4,542 


: 5,261 
No meeting 3 5,174 


Los Angeles 5,044 
Cleveland 5,705 
6,030 


6,909 
1910-1911_._.__| San Francisco 805 7,036 


1911-1912____| Chicago 

1912-1913____| Salt ‘a City 

1913-1914____| St: Paul 

1914-1915____| Oakland 

1915-1916____.| New York -~----- ._-----. 
1916-1917____| Portland 

1917-1918____| Pittsburgh ~~ ..-..-..-- ~ 2,583 





*Loss 


The institutional memberships in the above table are distributed as follows: 
i re ete eg © Bee a ee 
Normal schools ra a tel te ee a. ee ee Ce 
Public libraries “igs Sg Re” eee ee 
State Departments of Education ink 6 ee ae hee aes 21 
i Pr ar or Sg rig. ye he en 
Boards of education .. . ¢ oF SG ek 6 ee ee 40 
Other educational institutions SPE Sa 7 oo ae ee a 

Tee oo oa te 

The data for 1918-19 will he chidapiteil: in ‘Seleuney 1920. 





THE N. EA BULLETIN 


DECLARATION OF PURPOSE 


The object of the National Education Association of 
the United States is set forth in its Charter granted by 
Congress as follows: “To elevate the character and ad- 
vance the interests of the profession of teaching and to 
promote the cause of education in the United Siates”. 
To accomplish this object it is imperative that the public 
shall give generous support to public education in order 
that men and women of the highest character and schol- 
arship shall be attracted to the profession of teaching as 
a career, and that the highest professional standards shall 
be developt and maintained and the most efficient service 
rendered by those engaged in the teaching profession. 


The Association will, therefore, exert all its influence 
thru its officers, its committees, its publications and its 
official staff to the accomplishment of the following ob- 
jects: 


(1) To secure the enactment of such state and fed- 
eral legislation as will give proper recognition and sup- 
port to public education and provide adequate compensa- 
tion for teachers, and 


(2) To establish and maintain such educational stand- 
ards with respect to the training and qualifications of 
teachers, length of school terms and compulsory attend- 
ance, sanitary buildings and modern equipment, organi- 
zation for the elimination of all class distinction and 
privilege, and the most approved educational policies and 
methods attainable thru the continued investigation and 
study of educational problems, in order that public educa- 
tion shall make the largest possible contribution to the 
welfare of the community, the state and the nation. 

—Adopted at Milwaukee Meeting July 4, 1919. 





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