U. S. Railroad Adnlivggtya Fare for Round H yi enc One and One Third ilwaukee Meeting N.E. A. BULLETIN Vol. Vil, No. 6 June, 1919 Whole Number 41 fes- in | Entered as second-class matter December 8, 1917, at the post-office at Washington, D. C., under of the Act of August 24, 1912. Publisht September, December, January, February, April, and June, 4 the National Education Association of the United States. Acceptance for mailing at special rate _ of postage provided for in Sec. 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 1, 1918. Office of _ publication, 1400 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR 1918-19 ES, PPORIRCU Go eicinike dis oie sencnmeneecnn es acne ce rsombenn New York, N. Y. Bow. Crabtree, Secretary.._.-----.---~---~------~.~-------------------.--.L- Washington, D. C. MNT i Sac SS ss ens Ste oc aes ena man eos a hime sh ck tis cb esp es ee cotesick Tempe, Ariz. CONTENTS Milwaukee Meeting General Program A Call to Service SESEEESEeese SLSSSSesses ka Convention Notes State Headquarters—Department Programs_________-_____________ 12 Chairmen of Local Committees f America’s Unfinisht Work Resolutions—The Drive Contributions to Emergency Fund ESE EL EG ALERT MEAT AMET Ta 19 Justice for the Foster Parents of Our Children SD AL AIL 22 ET A TA CR SAL ARIA i TORN Se 23 Arguments for the Bill The Volume in September—The Coupon Plan_.....--.--.-----_--- 32 RRRR RhebRRE F HEADQUARTERS STAFF J. W. ee wa ih a mando Washington, D. C mcmcmenel: Pield Secrétarg......_._..._- 2.22 st Washington, D. C SRB ALE PENNA DE TGS SLE TTS: Washington, D. C Wm. E. Snodgrass, Assistant Secretary...-.-.-.--.-.-_------_--_____-_--______ Washington, D. C National Headquarters of the N. E. A., 1400 Massachusetts Ave. N. W., Washington, Dp & THE HEA BULLETIN OFFICERS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE George D. Strayer, President N. E. A. Executive Committee... ......--.________ New York, ¥ Y Mary C. C. Bradford, Vice-President N. E. A..____ Carroll G. Pearse, Chairman of Trustees__.._____ EE ea oo Denver, Col, -----------------------~- +--+ +2. Milwaukee, Wis . Ariz, Little Rock, Ark BOARD OF TRUSTEES Carroll G. Pearse, President State Normal School James Y. Joyner Walter R. Siders, Superintendent Schools_________ Milwaukee, Wis Raleigh, N, ¢ noon -----------------------.- Pocatello, Idaho Agnes E. Doherty, History and Sociology, High School ~---New York, N, ¥ Chicago, Il, Isatel Lawrence, Training Supervisor State Normal School. _..__--____________ St. Cloud, Minn, BOARD OF DIRECTORS Directors Ex-Officio George D. Strayer___-_----- New York, N. Y. Mary C. C. Bradford Denver, Colo. A. J. Matthews Carroll G. Pearse J. W. Crabtree_...........Washington, D. C. LIFE DIRECTORS Aley, Robert J Orono, Me. Bradford, Mary C. C Denver, Colo. Bicknell, Thomas W.__--..-.Providence, R. I. Board of Education i Brown, Elmer Ellsworth Butler, Nicholas Murray._._..NYew York, N. Y. Clanton; P:- Piccccccnseao ‘Washington, D. C. Cook, John W DeKalb, Ill. Cooley, Edwin G Chicago, Ill. Corson, Oscar T Columbus, Ohio Eliot, Charles W. Cambridge, Mass. Gove, Aaron Denver, Colo. Graham, H. A Mt. Pleasant, Mich. Green, James M Trenton, N. J. Harvey. Lorenzo D._..-___ --Menominee, Wis PONE, Bs. Vin uintcnmancee _--Abilene, Ka Johnson, David B._________ Rock Hill, §.¢ Jordan, David Starr, Leland Stanford Univ., Cl Joyner, James Y._____-__.-____Raleigh, N.C Marshall, T. Marcellus_._Stouts Mills, W. Ve Maxwell, William H New York, N. Y. Pearse, Carroll G._..____._._Milwaukee, Wit Skinner, Charles R. State Teachers’ Association of Illinois Swain, Joseph_..___________ _-Swarthmore, Pa Taylor, A. R....-.______-__-..-_Deeatur, il Teachers’ Institute_____.-_- _-Philadelphia, Ps White, Charles G......-.- --Menominee, Wis WwW PBaseyesocorere ee nd BREERBEBS RAs F ZAAAAN eee Pen THE NBA BULLETIN En STATE DIRECTORS FOR 1918-1919 Alabama, J. H. Phillips, Superintendent of Schoois Arizona, C. O. Case, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Arkansas, J. R. Jewell, Dean, College of Education, University of Arkansas Fayetteville California, A. H. Chamberlain, Secretary State Education Assn......_._....._._._.____.__San Francisco Colorado, H. B. Smith, Secretary Colorado Education Association Denver Connecticut, Janet M. Purdue, New Haven High School Delaware, A. R. Spaid, Commissioner of Education District of Columbia, S. E. Kramer, Assistant Superintendent of Schools Washington Florida, W. N. Sheats, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tallahassee Georgia, M. L. Brittain, State Superintendent of Education Atlanta Idaho, G. A. Axline, President State Normal School_---_-~---------------------------------/ Albion Illinois, R. O. Stoops, Superintendent of Schools Indiana, H. Lester Smith, Dean School of Education Iowa, L. H. Minkel, Superintendent of Schools Kansas, T. W. Butcher, President State Norma! School Emporia Kentucky, Cora Wilson Stewart, President, Illiteracy Commission Frankfort Louisiana, D. T. Powers, State University Baton Rouge Maine, A. O. Thomas, State Superintendent of Schools-..-.---_-----_---___--_____-__----: Augusta Maryland, F. E. Rathbun, Superintendent of County Schools Oakland Massachusetts, Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education Michigan, T. E. Johnson, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Lansing este, L. D. Coffman, University of Minnesota.............................._.- Minneapolis Mississippi, E. E. Bass, Superintendent of Schools Greenville Missouri, U. W. Lamkin, State Superintendent of Schools Jefferson City Montana, W. K. Dwyer, Superintendent of Schools Anaconda Nebraska, E. L. Rouse, President State Normal School Nevada, Samuel O. Welday, Superintendent of Elementary Schools New Hampshire, Thedora Richardson, Grade Teacher Manchester New Jersey, Z. E. Scott, Assistant Commissioner of Education Trenton New Mexico, J. H. Wagner, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Santa Fe New York, Thomas E. Finegan, Assistant Commissioner of Education North Carolina, E. C. Brooks, State Superintendent of Schools Raleigh nn mae, mM, C. Macdonald, State Hoses... . annie eenencnnc ce Bismarck Ohio, A. J. Gantvoort, College of Music Oregon, H. D. Sheldon, University of Oregon Pennsylvania, R. B. Teitrick, Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction Harrisburg Rhode Island, Walter E. Ranger, State Commissioner of Public Schools Providence South Carolina, J. E. Walmsley, Winthrop Normal and Industrial College Rock Hill South Dakota, A. A. McDonald, Superintendent of Schools Sioux Falls Tennessee, Charl O. Williams, Superintendent of Shelby County Schools Memphis Texas, P. W. Horn, Superintendent of Schools Houston Utah, C. H. Skidmore, Superintendent of Schools Vermont, Margaret R. Kelley, Superintendent of Schools Virginia, S. P. Duke, State Board of Education Washington, O. C. Whitney, Acting Superintendent of Schools Bellingham West Virginia, M. P. Shawkey, State Superintendent of Schools Charleston Wisconsin, J. F. Sims, President State Normal School Stevens Point Hawaii, Vaughan MacCaughey, College of Hawaii Philippine Islands, Walter W. Marquardt, Director of Education Porto Rico, Ralph S. Garwood, University of Porto Rico Saskatchewan, A. A, Kennedy, Inspector of Schools 4 THE NEA BULLETIN ——————————_—_—_—a—mxX—Y—— 000m“ FIFTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION MILWAUKEE, JUNE 28-JULY 1 Arrangements have been completed to make the Milwaukee meeting the mog notable in the Association’s long record of great conventions. The complete gen. eral program is given in this Bulletin. That it is one of most intense interest will be seen by glancing over the topics chosen for discussion, and the department, programs will be on the same high plane. Homes to Be Thrown Open Altho this meeting will undoubtedly be the largest national convention held in any city this year, the hotel and housing accommodations will be adequate ang of the best. A list of hotels with rates is given on another page. The best home in the city will be opened to the visiting teachers and thousands can be taken care of in this way. The housing problem has been so thoroly organized that no teacher need fear, any inconvenience in this respect. Cooperating with the infor. mation bureau is a clearing house where a record is kept of every available room, with experts in charge, so that prompt and efficient service will be given in g. curing quarters for members immediately upon arrival. Those desiring to re serve quarters in advance should address Frank Kroening, Assistant Superin. tendent of Schools, who is chairman of the Committee on Housing and Hote Arrangements. Entertainments and Excursions Local committees are arranging many pleasant diversions for those who have an idle afternoon during the convention week. There will be excursions on Lake Michigan, including a trip to the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, automobile trips thru Milwaukee’s splendid park system with connecting boulevards aggre. gating 150 miles, and trips on chartered street cars to principal industrial estab- lishments and to the city’s typical schools. Vacation Possibilities Situated in the midst of a famous resort region, Milwaukee offers great op- portunities for a summer outing. Wisconsin boasts six thousand lakes and scores of summer resorts, famous among which are the Dells at Kilbourn. Dozens of these inland watering places are within a half hour’s: ride from the City Hall Recreational advantages range from the more social side of resort life to “rough- ing it” in the wilderness for the hunting and fishing enthusiasts. The Pageant of the Flag Ten thousand dollars have been appropriated by the city of Milwaukee for the holding of a sane Fourth of July celebration, to be carried out by the children of the public schools. In the forenoon the children will form a great parade, marching to the center of the city and then dividing and returning on radiating lines to the various outlying parks, where the celebiation will be held. The pe geant will be given in duplicate in every one of these parks and promises to b one of the big features of the week. ‘ Boy Scouts to Serve An army of 2,600.Boy Scouts in uniform will be on duty thruout the entire convention and will render valuable service as messengers, guides and pages a the meetings. There are many departmental meetings scheduled at the same time on some days and efficient messenger service will be an important phase of the convention. Specially trained boys will be on duty at headquarters and in the various convention rooms to act as messengers for presiding officers. Other boys will be trained for duty at the railroad stations, hotels and other places where } the teachers will gather. An effective group of teachers will have charge of the THE N. EA. BULLETIN information booths and each of these booths will have Boy Scouts to assist 1 teachers in finding the hotels, convention halls or homes which are being thrown e open for their entertainment. Educational Features Milwaukee’s splendid public schools are just one phase of its great educa- tional system. Among the many educational features the following may be briefly mentioned: A complete vocational education system and an effective ex- tension department; six high schools, the newer ones of which are among the best examples of school architecture in the country, and in addition to these the Boys’ Technical High School and the Girls’ School of Trades; Marquette Uni- versity, establisht by the Jesuits; Milwaukee-Downer College for Women, known as the Vassar of the West; the Milwaukee State Normal School, the largest of the state’s normal school system; and the great continuation school with its en- rolment of over 4,000 students. Leads in Manufacturing Milwaukee claims the greatest machinery manufactories and tanneries in the world. Its steel production is only surpast by that of Pittsburgh, and it is the home of some of the world’s greatest hosiery plants. Excursions will be made to some of the greatest industrial establishments, such as the Allis-Chalmers, and in all these plants there will be reception committees to show the visitors thru. N. E. A. Post Office The N. E. A. Post Office will be a special feature of the arrangements at the Milwaukee méeting for the accommodation of members. It will be located at the Auditorium near registration headquarters. All mail sent in care of the N. E.A. will go to the N. E. A. Post Office. The office will be kept open from 8:00 o'clock in the morning to 8:00 o'clock in the evening. Every member should call regularly for mail. Call at the Post Office also to get the name of the hotel or local address of any member attending the con- vention. Clerks will be provided for waiting on large numbers of people preced- ing and following each session. Instruct your postmaster to. forward your mail to Milwaukee in care of the N. E. A. Bring Membership Receipts Associate members should not fail to bring their membership receipts te the Milwaukee meeting. Each one should present the receipt at registration headquar- ters and receive the N. E. A. badge, the official program and special announce- ments. Active members should as far as convenient bring receipts, tho in their case it will be possible to consult the records if receipts are not presented. Important Committee Meetings The following committee meetings have been announst: Executive Com- mittee at Hotel Pfister, Saturday afternoon, June 28, at 3:00 o’clock; Board of Trustees at same place and date, at 4:00 o'clock; N. E. A. Commission on the Emergency in Education, at Hotel Pfister Friday and Saturday, June 27 and 28; Board of Directors, Monday forenoon, June 30 at 10:30 o’clock at the Auditorium; New Board of Directors, Friday afternoon, July 4, 4:00 o’clock at the Auditorium; Committee on Resolutions, Monday afternoon, June 30, at 3:30 o’clock at the Au- ditorium; Committee on Nominations, Thursday forenoon, at 9:00 o’clock at the Auditorium; and active members of states and territories, Monday, June 28, 5:15 o'clock at the various state headquarters. THE NEA. BULLETIN ee MILWAUKEE MEETING NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATIOy JUNE 28 TO JULY 5, 1919 Monday Evening, June 30 ADDRESSES OF WELCOME RESPONSE Annie Webb Blanton, State Superintendent of Public Schools, Austin Texas PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS George D. Strayer, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY Tuesday Morning, July 1 THE NEW WORLD AND THE DEMAND THAT IT WILL MAKE UPON PUBLIC EDUCA TION A representative of organized labor. A representative of manufacturing and commercial interests. A representative of agricultural interests—Henry J. Waters, Kansas City Star, Kansas City, Mo. A representative of American homes—Ella S. Stewart, President Depart- ment of School Patrons, Chicago, III. Tuesday Evening, July 1 THE ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION FOR SERVICE IN THE NEW DEMOCRACY RURAL EDUCATION Lee L. Driver, County Superintendent of Schools, Winchester, Ind, ELEMENTARY EDUCATION T. C. Gecks, Supervisor Primary Dept., St. Louis, Mo. SECONDARY EDUCATION John L. Tildsley, Associate Superintendent of Schools, New York, N. Y, HIGHER EDUCATION E. C. Elliott, Chancellor University of Montana, Helena, Mont. Wednesday Morning, July 2 THE WORK OF THE ASSOCIATION PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE NECESSARY REORGANIZATION OF THE ASSOCIATION William B. Owen, Chicago Normal College, Chicago, IIl. THE WORK OF THE COMMISSION ON THE REVISION OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Margaret S. McNaught, Assistant Commissioner for Elementary Educ tion, Sacramento, Cal. THE WORK OF THE COMMISSION ON THE EMERGENCY IN EDUCATION Mary C. C. Bradford, State Superintendent of Public Schools, Denver, Colo. COMMITTEE ON RURAL EDUCATION J. Y. Joyner, Chairman, Raleigh, N..C. THE WORK OF THE FIELD SECRETARY Hugh S. Magill, Field Secretary of the National Education Association, Washington, D. C. Wednesday Evening, July 2 EDUCATION FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A DEMOCRACY IN THE WORLD THE UNITED STATES P. P. Claxton, U. S. Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C. FRANCE Prof. Albert Feuillerat, Head of Department of English, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. i: ae, Di. Bie Mes we A ds Te BT —eEeEOEOEoEeeeeeEEeEeeEeeeeeeeeeeeeeees LAND - Right Honorable Herbert Lewis, M. P., Parliamentary Secretary, Board of Education, London, England Thursday Morning, July 3 THE CONTRIBUTION OF TEACHERS TO DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY KINDERGARTEN : 7 Alma L. Binzel, Minneapolis, Minn. RURAL SCHOOLS Marie Turner Harvey, Porter Rural School, Kirksville, Mo. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Elizabeth S. Baker, Harrisburg, Pa. SECONDARY SCHOOLS Essie V. Hathaway, Des Moines, Iowa HIGHER EDUCATION Guy Stanton Ford, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Thursday Evening, July 3 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION John H. Finley, Commissioner of Education, Albany, N. Y. AMERICANIZATION Allen T. Burns, Director Survey Committee, Cleveland Foundation, Cleve- land, Ohio ILLITERACY Cora Wilson Stewart, President Kentucky Illiteracy Commission, Frank- fort, Ky. EQUALIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY H. C. Morrison, Assistant Secretary State Board of Education, Hartford, Conn. ADEQUATE SUPPLY OF TRAINED TEACHERS D. B. Waldo, President State Normal School, Kalamazoo, Mich. Friday Morning, July 4 BUSINESS MEETING Friday Afternoon, July 4 CHILD WELFARE AGENCIEES COOPERATING WITH THE SCHOOLS CHILDREN’S BUREAU Julia Lathrop, Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL : Albert W. Whitney, New York, N. Y. BOY SCOUTS Jeoffrey Morgan,’ Superintendent of Schools, Athens, Ohio. THE COMMUNITY CENTER MOVEMENT Joseph Lee, President War Camp Community Service, Boston, Mass. RED CROSS President Woodrow Wilson has been invited to address the meeting. The names of other distinguisht citizens and educators will be added to the official program. THE N.EB A BULLETIN A CALL TO SERVICE George D. Strayer, President National Education Association The Milwaukee meeting of the National Education Association offers an op. portumity for the teaching profession in the United States to meet for the discus. sion of the issues which are to determine the future of public education in the United States. Teachers, administrative and supervisory officers, those Cooperat. ing with the schools in work which makes for the welfare of children and laymen will discuss the contribution that public education shall make in the development of our democratic society. Representatives from England and from France will tell us of the progress which is being made in the realization of the aims of de. mocracy among the peoples with whom we have been associated in the great war for the establishment of democracy in the world. The program of work which has been undertaken by the Association will he presented for consideration and for action by the members who.are present, Jp the business session, which will occupy the whole of Friday morning, the future program of work will be discust and the policies of the Association determined for the years which lie ahead. It is of the utmost importance that at this meeting as well as at the other general and sectional meetings of the Association thete be represented every phase of educational work and every group of individuals cop. stituting our profession. We look forward confidently to a meeting in which the teachers ‘of the kin- dergarten of the elementary schools, of the secondary schools, and of the higher educational institutions, together with the supervisory and administrative officers as one great professional group met for the sake of developing a program which shall make certain the realization of the ideals of our profession in the building of a greater and more efficient system of public education. We are face to face with a great crisis. If our profession is true to its obli- gation there must be brought to pass a great national association of teachers con- scious of its power and able and willing to accept its responsibility in the devel- opment of a system of public education which will make good the promises of democracy. We shall, because of the justice of our cause, secure the enactment of that legislation which will place a Department of Education in our national government with a secretary in the President’s cabinet. We shall secure those appropriations from Congress which will stimulate the states to provide a prop- erly trained and adequately paid teacher for every American boy and girl; which shall encourage the states in their endeavor to remove illiteracy and Americanize the foreigners who live among us; which shall provide for the development ofa program of physical education which will lay a sound basis in physical wellbeing for our whole population, and which will work in the direction of providing equality of educational opportunity thruout the nation. We are enlisted in a great cause. We seek to perpetuate the democratic it- stitutions for which our men have given their lives. We are ready to assume the place of leadership which our profession must take and we have faith in the te sponse which the people of our country will give in support of our program. I an Op- discus. in the Operat. laymen pment Ce will of de. ‘at war will be nt. In future ‘mined eeting ete be $ cOn- ie kin- higher ficers which ilding } obli- 3 con- devel- es of tional those prop- which ‘anize ofa ic in- e the € Te THRE NEA BULA tee 9 ———— MILWAUKEE HOTELS Members Milwaukee Hotel Association Hotel Wisconsin—3rd St., near Grand Ave. $1.50 to $2, double $2.50 to $3. With bath $2.50 to $3.50, double $3.50 to $6.00. Hotel Pfister—Wisconsin and Jefferson Sts. $2.00 to $3.00, double $3.00 and up. With bath $2:50 and up, double $4.00. Republican House—Third St., corner Cedar. $1.25, double $2.00 and up. With bath $2.00 and $2.50, double $3.50 to $4.00. American Plan $2.75, double $5.50. With bath $3.50, double $6.50. Hotel Maryland—137 Fourth St. $1.25 to $1.75, double $2.00 to $2.75. With bath $2.00 to $3.50, double $3.00 to $4.50. Hotel Martin—Wisconsin, corner Van Buren St. $1.00 to $1.50, double $1.50 to $2.25. With bath $1.75 to $2.50, double $2.50 to $3.50. Hotel Gilpatrick—223 Third St. $1.00 to $1.25, double $2.00. With bath $2.00 to $3.00. Double $2.50 to $4.00. Hotel Charlotte—i38 Third St. $1.25, double $2.00. With bath $2.00, double $3.00 Hotel Blatz—East Water, Corner Oneida St. $1.00 to $1.50, double $1.50 to $2.50. With bath $1.75 to $2.50, double $2 56 to $4.00. Hotel Plankinton—\West Water, corner Sycamore $1.50, double $2.50. With bath $1.75 and up, double $2.75 and up. Hotel Schlitz—Corner Grand Ave. and Third St. $1.25, double $1.75. With bath $2.00, double $3.00. Hotel Globe—Corner Wisconsin and Cass Sts. $1.25 and up, double $2.00 and up. With bath $1.75 and up, double $3.00 to $3.50. Hotel Juneau—225-9 Wisconsin St. $1.00 and up, double $1.50 and up. With bath $1.75 to $2.50, double $3.00. Hotel Marquette—188 Wisconsin St. $0.75 to $1.50, double $1.00 to $2.50. Hotel Carlton—Milwaukee St., Corner Juneau Ave. $1.25 and up, $2.00 and up. With bath $2.00 and up, double $3.00 and up. Hotel Atlas—Third and Sycamore Sts. $1.00, double $1.50 and up. Hotel Medford—Cor. Third and Sycamore Sts. $1.25 and up, double $2.00 and up. With bath $1.75 and up, double $2.50. Hotel Randolph—i34 Third St. $1.00, double $1.50 and $2.00. With bath $2.50, double $3.50. Hotel Aberdeen—909 Grand Avenue. $1.25 and up, double $2.25 and up. With bath $2.50, double $3.50. American Plan $3.00 and up, double $5.00 and up. With bath $3.50. double $6.00 and up. Hotel St. Charles—City Hall Square. $1.00 and up, double $2.00 and up. With bath $1.50 and up, double $2.50. Hotel Miller—Third St., near Grand Avenue. Without bath $1.25 and $1.50, double $2.00 and $2.50. With bath $1.75 to 3.00, double $2.50 to $4.00. 10 THE NEA BULLETIN nn tenn ananagaeantarnnensansaedaaeaneninssnanaenaennsenasaannaeumamanmsnanpensionsesmmmnpcsneanmanensa a SSS CONVENTION NOTES The registration headquarters, the Secretary's desk, the President’s desk and the Post Office will be at the Auditorium. All official matters will be transacteq at this center. The Commercial Exhibits will be in the Auditorium also. The general meetings will be held in the auditorium which accommodates an audience of ten thousand or more. Department mectings will be held in the large assembly rooms in the auditorium building and in nearby churches and theaters Four of the assembly rooms in the auditorium building accoinmodate audiences of one thousand or more. The names of hotels and rates are given on another page. For further information regarding hotels and rooms you are referred to chairmen of the proper committees. The following Committee on Resolutions has been appointed: Fred M. Hunter, Superintendent of Schools, Oakland, Calif, Chairman. Carlton B. Gibson, Superintendent of Schools, Savannah, Ga. Mary D. Bradford, Superintendent of Schools, Kenosha, Wis. May Trumper, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Helena, Mont, R. J. Condon, Superintendent of Schools, Cincinnati, Ohio. Olive Jones, Principal Public School No. 120, New York, N. Y. Wm. D. Lewis, Principal William Penn High School, Philadelphia, Pa. A number of Allied Associations will hold conferences at the time of the Milwaukee meeting. The programs will be printed in the official Bulletin. The Department of Physical Education has arranged to have the following general topics discust by some of the most eminent men and women in America: Aspects of Responsible Citizenship Developt thru Physical Education; and Rela- tion ot Health Agencies to the School. Arrangements have been made for mass demonstrations in physical educa- tion Monday afternoon, June 30, at the Milwaukee Auditorium under the diree- tion of Dr. Wittich. The National Society for the Study and Correction of Speech Disorder will hold its summer meeting in Milwaukee Iuly 4. A good program has been pre- pared. The Teachers Casualty Underwriters of Lincoln, Nebr., of which Ernest C. Folsom is president, is planning for an excursion at the Milwaukee meeting. This will be one of the interesting excursions provided for visiting teachers. The Patrons Department besides presenting a pointed purposeful program will consider the adoption of new by-laws and new plans for the work and devel- opment of the Department. é The Department of Commercial Education of which F. G. Nichols, of the Federal Board for Vocational Education, is President, will have a program of live topics discust by leading teachers of commercial classes, on Thursday afternoon) July 3. This will be one of the large Department meetings of the annual session. => =. oo i he THE N. EA BULLETIN It ee ee ee ee Se ee ee ee ee The Department of Music Education last year called together at the Pitts- burgh meeting many of the leading musical directors of the country. These same men and women and a number of others will take part on the program of the De- partment at the Milwaukee meeting and direct the community and patriotic sing- ing on the various programs. The librarians who attend the summer meeting will find some interesting in- novations in the program which will be one of the strongest in the history of the Library Department. The annual meeting and breakfast of the National Council of Executive and Administrative Women will be held at the City Club July 2, at 8:00 o’clock in the morning. Reservations for the breakfast are to be made in advance by applying to Emily N. Dorn, Tenth and Prairie Streets, Milwaukee, Wis. The Department of Higher Education will bring together at the Milwaukee meeting a large number of men and women representing all phases of Higher Education. The general topic is, The War and Its Effect on Education. American language public school classes for illiterate foreigners are being held in industries in Milwaukee on company time and pay. This work is super- vised by the public schools under the general direction of Winthrop Talbot. There are five hundred men and women in the classes to receive certificates at the time of the Milwaukee meeting. This ceremony will be noteworthy and will constitute a part of one of the general programs of the N. E. A. The National Classical Conference will hold its annual meeting in connection with the meetings at Milwaukee. The President, Andrew F. West, of Princeton University, has prepared an exceptionally strong program and has the assurance of the presence and cooperation of leaders in that line of work from all parts of the country. The curriculum as modified by modern educational thought will be the gen- eral topic at the meeting of the Kindergarten Department on Monday afternoon, June 30. The use of lantern slides will lend additional interest to the fine pro- gram arranged for this meeting. The Department of Secondary Education has chosen Readjustment Problems in Second Education as the general topic for discussion at its meeting on Wednes- day afternoon, July 2. This topic will be developt in a very interesting program. Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer It is with deepest regret that we announce the death of Dr. Nathan C. Schaef- fer, former President and life long member of the National Education Association. The President of the Association and many of his former colleagues in the work of public education represented the Association at his funeral. RE TTT EE i2 THE N.EA. BULLETIN ——_—$———$—$———————————————————————— ——oee_—o_coa—————— 5535555858 STATE HEADQUARTERS The following states will have headquarters at the Pfister Hotel: Maine North Carolina Maryland New Hampshire South Carolina District of Columbia Vermont New York Virginia Massachusetts New Jersey West Virginia Rhode Island Pennsylvania Georgia Connecticut Delaware Florida The following states will have headquarters at the New Plankinton: Ohio Kentucky Mississippi Indiana Arkansas Louisiana Illinois Tennessee Texas Michigan Alabama Missouri The following states will have headquarters at the Wisconsin: Minnesota Montana Wyoming Iowa Alaska Colorado Oklahoma Idaho New Mexico Kansas Washington Arizona Nebraska Oregon Nevada South Dakota Utah California North Dakota CHAIRMEN OF LOCAL COMMITTEES MILWAUKEE MEETING SRA CD Se ES SS ER AS ae aR S. N. Vanscoy LN RSE ES Oa Re M. C. Potter Finance Housing Membership Exhibits Entertainment Decorations and Badges Emily N. Dorn a a caine dplemsatemeneniginininintiinhcdhinmensoaiantianstel Albert E. Kagel Transportation W. P. O'Connor Reception John H. Puelicher I ie eeelienidniciopn sannin ce npictoasienimenes M. A. Bussewitz Address any of these in care of N. E. A. Committee Headquarters, Milwaukee Association of Commerce. DEPARTMENT PROGRAMS The programs for the meetings of N. E. A. Departments are nearing comple- tion, but the Bulletin for June is going to press too early to contain them. Those desiring information concerning any particular program are requested to write the President of the Department. The names and addresses of the officers of each Department follow this statement. The meetings will be held on the after- noons of Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Each Department will have one strong program of its own and will cooperate with two or three other Departments in carrying out their programs. This plan reduces the number of programs and promises larger audiences at each meeting. Assembly halls seat audiences of 800 to 1,200. II 10 cee se ite or ill er of at THE NEA BULLETIN 13 OOO®_®EOR? a A LL A LL LL en DEPARTMENT OFFICERS NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 1918-1919 DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE President, E. W. Graff, Duiperintnnians C6 DONO sin cciticnsicn dentin cemabiniiiia Indianapolis, Ind. First Vice-President, D. J. Kelly, Superintendent of Schools__.--_--_.--_-__-__ Binghampton, N. Y. Second Vice-President, H. S. Johnson, Superintendent of Schools__._.--.--_-----_--- Ogden, Utah Secretary, Charl O. Williams, County Superintendent of Schools___.__._..-._.___-__-__ Memphis, Tenn. NORMAL SCHOOLS President, D. B. Waldo, President State Normal School_------.----------------- Kalamazoo, Mich. a meee Bt; Tibbetts, Fatgo College... keen cone Fargo, N. D. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION President, Abbie Louise Day, Assistant Superintendent of Schools_____--.__--__-_--_-_ Passaic, N. J. Vice-President, Dora M. Moore, Principal Corona School__-----.--------_--__-_---- Denver, Colo. Secretary, Alfie O. Freel, Principal, Linnton School__.-------_--------_------------ Portland, Ore. HIGHER EDUCATION President, Frank L. McVey, President University of Kentucky-------------------_ Lexington, Ky. Secretary, Edward L. Schaub, Professor of Philosophy, Northwestern University____.__lvanston, II. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICAL ARTS President, Arthur F. Payne, Associate Superintendent of Schools___._._._-__________._.__Johnstown, Pa. First Vice-President, Adelaide Stecle Baylor_..-.-.----_----_~_--_------__-----_ Indianapolis, Ind. Secretary, Howard G. Burdge, Supervisor of Vocational Ed., Mil. Training Com.._..New York, N. Y. KINDERGARTEN EDUCATION President, Ella Ruth Boyce, Director of Kindergartens__---------._----__-----... Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-President, Edna Baker, National Kindergarten College-__-..-__._.-.__--______-__ Chicago, Ill. Secretary, Barbara Greenwood, State Normal School_.---.-----_----------------- Los Angeles, Cal. MUSIC EDUCATION President, M. Teresa Finn, Supervisor of Music, Gram. Grades and Soldan H. S.---_St. Louis, Mo. Vice-President, W. Otto Meissner, State Normal School__.---------_-.--___-_--_- Milwaukee, Wis. Secretary, W. B. Kinnear, Supervisor Public School Music_.-..--.-....----_-_-__-__ Larned, Kan. - SECO!,DARY EDUCATION Eremident, Frank G. Pickell, Principal High School...........................,....- Lincoln, Nebr. Vice-President, Edmond D. Lyon, Principal, Hughes High Schvol_.__._.___-___________ Cincinnati, O Secretary, Anna Willson, Principal, High School..........................._. Crawfordsville, Ind. BUSINESS EDUCATION President, F. G. Nichols, Asst. Director Commercial Edu., Federal Board_..._-__ Washington, D. C. Vice-President, James C. Reed, Head of Commercial Dept. State Normal School,_...Whitewater, Wis Secretary, J. M. Watters, Dean School of Commerce, Georgia School of Technology_-__Atlanta, Ga. CHILD HYGIENE President, Lewis Terman, Leland Stanford University-___.___.....__.--____________ Palo Alto, Cal. Vice-President, W. G. Chambers, Dean School of Education, University of Pittsburgh_ Pittsburgh, Pa. STR ss” UO i eee ee ae Minneapolis, Minn. PHYSICAL EDUCATION President, Randall D. Warden, Director of Physical Education.._._...._...-.--______ Newark, N. J. Vice-President, Lawrence L. Hill, Director of Physical Education-_..__..-..__-______ Albany, N. Y. ET IE BA LIO SS Boston, Mass. 14 THE N.EA BULLETIN ee ———oeeoooo—————— SE OO>_ SCIENCE INSTRUCTION President, Arthur S. Williston, Director of Wentworth Institute Vice-President, E. R. Weidlein, Acting Director of Mellen Institute Pittsburgh, Py Secretary, George R. Twiss, High School Inspector SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION President, Albert Wunderlich, Commissioner of Schools Vice-President, George W. Gerwig, Secretary Board of Education Pittsburgh, Pa Secretary, Wm. C. Bruce, Editor School Board Journal Milwaukee, Wis, LIBRARY DEPARTMENT President, O. S. Rice, Supervisor of School Libraries Madison, Wis, Vice-President, Delia G. Ovitz, Librarian, State Normal School, Milwaukee, Wis, Secretary, Annie T. Eaton, Librarian, Lincoln School, Teachers College, Columbia University__N, y. SPECIAL EDUCATION President, Joseph P. Byers Philadelphia, Pa, Vice-President, Charlotte Steinbach Cleveland, 0, Secretary, Emma Kohnky Cincinnati, 0, SCHOOL PATRONS President, Ella S. Stewart, 5464 Harper Ave Vice-President, Mrs. Gertrude S. Martin Secretary, Mrs. Charlotte Greenebaum Kuh, 4346 N. Hermitage Ave RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL. EDUCATION President, H. W. Foght, Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior Washington, D. ¢, Vice-President, W. R. Hart, Professor of Agri. Edu., Mass. Agricultural College_._._-Amherst, Mass, Secretary, Charl O. Williams, Superintendent Shelby County Schools Memphis, Tenn. CLASSROOM TEACHERS President, Sara H. Fahey, Teacher of English, Seward Park School__...-...______ New York, N. Y. Vice-President, Viola Ortschild, Grade Teacher, Cauch School Secretary, Mary V. Donoghue, Grade Teacher, Stewart School WIDER USE OF THE SCHOOL HOUSE — President, Raymond F. Crist, Bureau of Naturalization, Department of Labor__._._Washington, D, C. Vice-President, Charles D. Kelso, Principal, Los Angeles Schools Secretary, Mrs. Margarita Spaulding Gerry, Board of Education EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATIONS President, Arthur H. Chamberlain, Editor Sierra Educational News San Francisco, Cal. Secretary, George L. Towne, Editor Nebraska Teacher Lincoln, Nebraska DEANS OF WOMEN President, Kathryn S. McLean, Dean of Women, Ohio Wesleyan University Vice-President, Eva Johnston, Dean of Women, University of Missouri Secretary, Anne Dudley Blitz, Dean William Smith College NATIONAL COUNCIL President, William B. Owen, President, Chicago Normal College Vice-President, H. H. Seerly, President State Normal College Secretary, Adelaide Steele Baylor THE N. EA BULLETIN AMERICA’S UNFINISHT WORK Hugh S. Magill, Field Secretary National Education Association The treaty of peace is completed. A league of nations seems assured. Au- tocracy has received a crushing blow, but the spirit of autocracy is not dead. By the blood of millions democracy has been saved, but democracy is not yet secure. Monarchy has been dethroned, but anarchy and the tyranny of the mob still threaten the world. Liberty must find her only safe abiding place in organized free government, where law is reverenst and obeyed. A great unfinisht work remains. A better civilization must be builded, founded on a higher conception of man’s relation to his fellowman. The vicious spirit of greed and human selfishness must give way to the nobler impulses of human brotherhood. From the millions who perisht we must take “increast devotion to the cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion.” The world is looking to America for guidance and she must rise to her op- portunity. But to be worthy of world leadership America must recognize always that her prestige depends not upon her boundless material resources but upon her steadfast devotion to her national ideals; not upon her wealth but upon her manhood and womanhood. Regarded by the world as a pleasure loving, money getting people, we rose, stirred by a mighty passion for liberty and justice, to the support of those who were battling to save the world from autocracy and oppres- sion. It was the inspiring and compelling influence of great ideals that lifted America to the eminence of international supremacy and leadership. The mortal conflict over, shall we forget the lessons it has taught, and, becoming grossly materialistic, predicate our greatness upon our wealth alone? “Ill fares the land to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay.” The principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, the Preamble vf our Constitution and the Gettysburg Address, must be more fully realized here in the United States. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are not yet vouchsafed to all. Equality of opportunity is not enjoyed by all who have a right to claim the blessings of our free government. And yet, “to establish these rights governments are instituted among men.” Thousands die every year as a result of insanitary conditions and from preventable diseases. There are a million and a half native born whites and two and a quarter million native born colored citi- zens of America, who cannot read or write. An American soldier of pure Anglo-Saxon blood, whose parents and grand- parents were born in America, when askt why he had never learned to read and write, replied, “Captain, I never had no chance.” What American is not humiliated by the fact that, nearly a century and a half since our fathers gave to the world our charter of liberty declaring all men created equal and endowed by their Crea- tor with certain inalienable rights, millions born in this country cannot read that charter nor the constitution which they are sworn to uphold with their lives. If this be a national disgrace, it establishes a national responsibility. Education a National Issue ~- The most important subject before the American people today, and the one most neglected by statesmen, is the question of public education. Our fathers recognized the vital importance of this question away back at the founding of 50 7k BMRA BULLETIN Fn eka 6 NTR RS RE EEN RN AR ————— NN, Ee this government when they solemnly declared in the Ordinance of 1787, “Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to free government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.” By notwithstanding the fact that education is so “necessary to free government,” and so vitally related to national welfare, it has never received just recognition by the national government. Agriculture, commerce and labor have been exalted tp departmental rank, each with a Secretary in the President’s cabinet, while educa. tion is still tucked away in a bureau of the Interior Department. The national government has made liberal appropriations for the promotion of special education but has failed to go right to the heart of the subject and ep. courage the states in the training and support of teachers and the promotion of general education. Vocational education is important and should be promoted but it is not so essential to the welfare of the nation as that every child should have the opportunity to obtain a good common school education. The Americani. zation of adult immigrants and the attempted education of adult illiterates is very necessary, but the most effective place to teach American ideals is in our public schools, and if free school privileges are guaranteed to every child in America illiteracy will soon disappear. . Education is so vitally essential to the very life of our nation that patriotic considerations demand that the national government shall encourage and assist the states in its promotion. The nation, the state and the local community should each bear a just share of the necessary expense, for each shares in the benefits derived. In addition to financial aid, the national government should give to the states and to the people the benefits of educational research and investigation, but the administration and control of the schools must be left to the states and local communities. The federal government has no right under the constitution to u- dertake the supervision and control of education in the states. Who Is Back of This Movement? Who is supporting this movement to establish a Department of Education and grant federal aid to the states in promoting education? Those who think the promotion of human welfare is the first duty of the nation. Those who would profit by the great lessons which the war has taught, who believe that to “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity” America must develop through education a citizenship physically and intellectually sound and imbued with the spirit and ideals of true Americanism. Back of this movement is the National Education Association representing the seven hundred thousand teachers of America. Back of it is the American Federation of Labor, representing the millions of toilers who want the best edu ‘cational advantages for their children. Back of it are the forward looking men who believe that education is essential to democracy and the best insurance against anarchy and social disorders. And back of it are the noble women of America who have endorsed it in their clubs and organizations and who will work for it until it is enacted into law. Of course we shall have to overcome the influence of certain rich men in the North who claim they should not be taxt by the government to help edu cate American children born in the South. Such men have not yet learned tv think in terms of all America. They should be proud to contribute in pro portion to their wealth to the education of every child under the protection of our flag, whether that child were born in the crowded city of the North THE NEA. BULLETIN 17 ———————————————— or the remote rural district of the South. We spent billions of wealth and thousands of lives to uphold liberty abroad, nor did anyone cavil over who was paying most. Shall we be less patriotic in caring for our own? Shall we be- grndge a few hundred millions to make secure the foundations of liberty at home? The ultimate success of this movement is certain. It may be-hindered but it cannot be stopt. It is a part of America’s unfinisht work. The principle is sound. The cause is just. It is bound to win. RESOLUTIONS The following resolutions were adopted at the Chicago meeting of the De- partment of Superintendence, in addition to those publisht in the April Bulletin: Mrs. Ella Flagg Young I'he Department of Superintendence takes this occasion to voice the sense of deep loss that has come to the members of the profession since the last meeting of this Department in the death of Ella Flagg Young, for many years honored leader in the schools of this city and former distinguisht president of the Na- tional Education Association. Endorses Bill Providing Homes for Returned Soldiers The Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association endorses the bill now pending before Congress, appropriating $100,000,000 with which-to provide work and homes for our soldier boys. President Wilson Invited to Attend Milwaukee Meeting Recognizing the tremendous value which the word of our National Leader, President Woodrow Wilson, may have in advancing the cause of education at this time; recognizing also his great interest in the cause to which he devoted many years oi his life, and in the profession which the war has shown to be one of our greatest national assets, we, members of the National Education Associa- tion, asserabled at the meeting of the Department of Superintendence, do hereby earnestly urge President Wilson to be present at and address the coming Peace Session of the National Education Association, to be held in Milwaukee, Wis- consin, the first week of July next. , We believe that nothing could do more good than his presence and his word of counse! and encouragement to advance the vital educational program which the National Education Association has undertaken. THE DRIVE The drive for new members is meeting with success, but the work did not get under headway in time to enable states to reach their quota before the school year ends. The total membership for the year will be about 35,000. This is an excellent record considering the fact that the schools of the country were closed on account of sickness during the greater part of the first semester. The inter- ruption was so great during the first half of the year that active members delayed 18 THE NEA BULLETIN OOO ee the payment of their annual dues and thereby postponed the completion Of the yearbook. It will be much easier to reach the 100,000 mark next year than it was this year to reach the 35,000 mark. The classroom teacher is interested in the Asso. ciation as never before. In many cities the grade teachers associations have made the canvass for new teachers. The Secretary’s office is well satisfied wit, the response of the teachers for their support in the drive and in carrying fo. ward the N. E. A. program. CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE N. E. A. EMERGENCY FUND RECEIyg SINCE LAST PUBLICATION ALABAMA: Ray F. Myers. ARKANSAS: John G. Rossman, E. B. Tucker. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley Teachers Association, R. W. Detter, Los Angeles High School Teachers Association, Margaret S. McNaught, Albert Shields, COLORADO: J. G. Crabbe. CONNECTICUT: E. H. Arnold. HAWAII: Elmer A. Brown. IDAHO: Don C. Taylor. ILLINOIS: Beckley Cardy Co., Thomas J. Mc. Cormack, Mary Fitch, Floyd T. Goodier, Hall & McCreary, Fred. R. Nichols, K. Irma Reading, George Rockwood, Helen R. Ryan, Kate Sharrard, Jesse L. Smith, Charles O. Todd, Fac. ulty Torp High School, Clark G. Wright. INDIANA: Georgia Alexander. IOWA: Ernest Horn, Fort Madison Teachers Club, L. H. Minkle, Annette M. Phelan, Leota Swem. KANSAS: Julia M. Stone, John F. Bender, J. O. Hall. KENTUCKY: J. Virgil Chapman, Emma Dalfinger. LOUISIANA: A. G. Alexander, Hester Ann Allyn, Berta Cole, Dr. H. € Cooley, John Dominique, Martha Feltus, F. G. Fournet, Bertha Haupt, Hope Haupt, P. T. Hedges, A. M. Hopper, Cecile Mandot, Eureka Nitzkowski, Kate Perkins, FHI. L. Prather, Irene Raymond, W. W. Tison, George Williamson, R. W. Winstead. MAINE: Elmer H. Webber, Ella C. Webber. MARYLAND: Norman W. Cameron, Edward F. Webb. MASSACHUSETTS: Annie H. March, Charles 1. Rice, Nellie M. Whitney. MICHIGAN: E. J. Engle, E. A. Gee, Christine M. Keck, Flora M. Miller, J. M. Patten, D. H. Roberts. MINNESOTA: Sarah Converse, Hilda Gildemeister, S. O. Hartwell, Ethel I. Salisbury, Ivan Thorsen. MISSOURI: George R. Crissman, C. H. McClure, A. L. Threlkeld. MONTANA: Edward C. Elliott. NEBRASKA: Mary N. Austin. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Theodora Richardson. NEW JERSEY: Bertha M. Barvis, Bloomfield Berkeley School, Bloomfield Brookside School, Bloomfield Center School, Bloomfield Fairview School, Bloom- field Park School, Bloomfield Watsessing School, T. Latimer, H. M. Maxson, George Morris, D. C. Porter. NEW YORK: Mary Jean Miller, Harry W. Rockwell, Maude Smith, Roxana A. Steele, H. S. Weet, Administration Club Columbia University. Floyd e H _ Fac. inette H. C. Hope Kate 8. W. THE N.EA BULLETIN NORTH DAKOTA: W. L. Starkwell. OHIO: Iza Edith Andrix, Lucretia LeR. Cavanah, Dayton Heme Economics Association, Marie Gugle, Arthur O. Jones, U. L. Light, Harriet D. Rockwell, Tt. Twinem, George R. Twiss, Jessie Wolcott. OKLAHOMA: Sequoyah School. PAR!S, FRANCE: Edwin M. Highsmith. PENNSYLVANIA: Mrs. V. B. Bennett, Ella Ruth Boyce, Pittsburgh Teachers Association, A. L. Rowland, Mrs. L. L. W. Wilson. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Ralph S. Garwood, W. W. Marquardt. TEXAS: Marie Anderson, Teachers of the Austin Schools. UTAH: O. D. Ballard, Melissa Bateman, Marguerite Beatty, E. R. Beck, Reid Beck, Butler School, Jane Garfield, J. H. Greer, Violet G. Guthrie, Lyda Har- mer, Lavina J. Howard, C. L. Jensen, Freda Jensen, Bess Jones, Florence Jor- genson, Ray Kewley, Ruth Lindsay, Nora Lydick, Alice Mason, Ella Maycock, Willda Maycock, Vina Neilson, Enoch Nelson, L. W. Nielson, Amand Pace, Hazel M. Peterson, Louis Peterson, Parker B. Pratt, Caroline Rasmussen, Mary B. Robertson, Mabel C. Rumel, Josephine Sherman, Julia Smith, Lenora Smith, South Jordan School, Fay M. Stuart, G. O. Thornton, Justen Tolman, Mrs. Monnie L. Wade, Ada V. Wolcott, C. C. Watkins, Margaret Williams, West Jordan School. VIRGINIA: Faculty of the State Normal School, Farmville. WASHINGTON: A. M. Willis. West Virginia: H. E. Odgers. WISCONSIN: Harriet E. Grim, Etta Michaels, Ellen F. P. Peake, Rose C. Swart. SALARIES AND STANDARDS The fact that the N. E. A. is devoting itself largely to the campaign for in- creast salaries for teachers does not mean that the Association fails to realize the importance of increasing qualifications and standards. The Association will at the proper time give time and attention to those questions. Just now it is necessary to place the first emphasis on the question of better salaries. President Swain takes the view that there is danger of the profession’s going into bank- tuptcy unless the public responds quickly to the demand for a living and saving wage for teachers. Put together these two facts and what is your conclusion: 1—The best teachers are leaving the work of teaching because of inadequate pay. 2—The normal schools and teachers colleges are graduating fewer trained teach- ers than during recent years for‘the larger number of vacancies. There is no way of retaining these best teachers in the work except by paying better salaries. There is no way of increasing the number of graduates in teacher training insti- tutions except to offer the attraction of better salaries. Increast salaries are necessary to retain qualified teachers and increast sala- ries are necessary to increase the number who are qualifying themselves for the work Let us continue the campaign for better salaries another year with even greater energy than during the past year. Let us at the same time see that we keep this campaign on a high level, by laying stress on the importance of the ideals of the profession and of meriting good salaries by a high quality of work. 20 sez RA BULLETIN ee JUSTICE FOR THE FOSTER-PARENTS OF OUR CHILDREN It is strange that the generous-hearted American people, who Poured oy their riches so prodigally in response to every patriotic, every charitable appeal and who accorded such enthusiastic and liberal support to every measure and ty every group that helpt win the war, should have neglected to properly eneo and reward the services of one of the noblest professions in the field of humay activities—a profession that in lofty ideals, in unselfish principles, in sacred t. sponsibilities, stands side by side with the ministry of the Gospel itself. We wish to bespeak, with whatever power and authority we may have ay with such words as may be granted to us, some measure of consideration for the foster-fathers and mothers of our children—the school-teachers of the Unites States of America. There is no class of workers of which we demand so much. We commit inh their keeping the minds, the bodies, and the very souls of our children in the te. der and formative years of their lives, and they, receiving these children, can jp. deed be said to hold in the hollow of their hands the future of America. We «. pect these devoted men and women to watch over and care for our sons and daughters as tho they were their very own, to drill them in the arts and Sciences, to train them for business and for citizenship, to instruct them in manners anf in morals, to do for them those things which we would do had we the training and the leisure. Teachers Serve Loyally in War Time No class has assumed so heavy, so trying a burden and a responsibility with such willingness as these consecrated men and women. No class has performed their increasingly heavy tasks more devotedly, more conscientiously, and with less thought of self. No class served their country more whole-heartedly, mor loyally, during the trying and tempestuous times of war, day by day pursuing their round of duty, day by day helping the young people, and thru the children the parents, to see the struggle in its true light, thus securing the cooperation of the community in every measure undertaken by the Government to win the war. Truly they have made the nation their everlasting debtor. Truly had the not done their work so well this republic would not outlast the span of a gen eration. What then have the teachers received at our hands in return? They have received little of honor and somewhat less of pay. Other classes have pros pered; other classes thru powerful organizations have secured generous wages The teachers have no spokesman, however, to demand even the simple justice o a living wage, so to them we give their petty prewar pittance, so meager, so pitt fully inadequate, that it places a burning brand of shame and disgrace upon this nation. Striking Salary Comparison The men and women who are making the Americans of to-morrow are being treated with less consideration than the janitors who sweep out the buildings in which they atfe employed; they are earning on the average, less than the wages given to the scrubwomen employed in the public buildings of the United States Government. Normal-school graduates receive less salary than street-sweepers; for the ene pri bel bel ter scl tur ter ha the an th 'Y with formed d with , more irsuing nildren sation in the THE N. EA BULLETIN 21 a ium i ati i i i a i a high-school principals and superintendents less than section foremen; country school teachers less for instructing the farmer’s children than he pays his hired man to feed his hogs. } In a.certain town of Illinois, for instance, the average wages of fifteen miners for one month was $217, while the average monthly salary of fifteen teachers in the same town was $55. In another town a miner, who, by the way, was an enemy alien, drew more than $2,700 last year, while the salary of the high-school principal in the same town was $765. We welcome with all our hearts the long- belated recognition that is being given to the man who works with his hands. We believe that this same workingman will be the first to join with us in asking bet- ter pay for those who teach his children. No wonder there are fifty thousand vacancies in the teaching forces of the schools. No wonder the ranks are being filled with weak men and with imma- ture women who merely use the profession as a stepping-stone to something bet- ter. No wonder there are thirty thousand teachers in the United States who have had no schooling beyond the eighth-grammar grade. Small wonder, indeed, that seven million of our school-children are being trained by teachers, mere boys and girls themselves, who have had no professional education whatever. Cost of Living Outstrips Salaries When we consider that the 740,000 teachers of America are paid an average salary of $630 a year; when, moreover, we consider the fact that living costs have actually advanced 103 per cent since the beginning of the war, thereby cutting the buying-power of these insignificant salaries in half, we can easily determine that only a fool or a martyr would choose teaching as a profession, or would long remain in it unless these terrible conditions were swiftly remedied. What a crime is this! What an indictment! What an unpardonable sin at the doors of an enlightened people who now find themselves at the head and fore- front of the democracies of the world! How can we better prepare for the great undertakings of reconstruction than by setting ourselves immediately to remedy- ing this perilous condition. In these trying and chaotic times when the world is beset by unrest, by anarchy, by revolution, by the devil’s brood of appalling evils that follow in the train of war, we must make sure that the foundations of our republic are set on a rock that it may stand against the flood. The peace and security of the world of the future will be in the safe keeping of the generation now in our schools. These boys and girls must “weave up the raveled sleeve” of civilization. Their hands must minister to the wounds of the nations. Their minds must meet and solve the difficult and crucial problems that will be their inheritance. Their hearts must be so imbued with the horrors of war and with the poverty and anguish that inevitably follow in its wake that they in their time will enter upon it only as a last resort in national self-defense or in support of some great principle of humanity. Hundred Per Cent Americans Needed to Teach Democracy Never has there been a more urgent need for high-minded, great-hearted, splendidly trained, 100 per cent American instructors to drive home the vital les- sons that these times hold. Never has the future of the nation been so clearly committed into the hands of the teachers. And yet thousands of men and women of ability who would prefer to teach are reluctantly leaving their chosen calling, forst by the hard necessities of their very existence. 22 THE NBA, BULLETIN ee ————— ee The teachers ask no largess at the hands of fortune. They enter their Dro. fession for service, not riches. But they invest years and money in Preparation for their life-work and the knowledge they gain is shared with others who them. selves use it to their own profit. Teachers, then, by every right and in al] justice expect a return that will permit them and their dependents to live decently ang is comfort. In every community reacht by The Literary Digest there are readers of fore. sight, of vision, broad-minded men and thoughtful women who will See—nay perhaps have long since seen—the critical and compelling importance of this problem. We are directing this appeal to them. We urge them to compare the salaries of their teachers with the wages of those who are doing work of equ value. There will be a challenge in the facts that will stir the community & action. Larger Investment Insures Richer Future Let each community invest in schools so that it may thereby invest in, trained manhood and womanhood that can play their part in the great period of rebuilding and reconstruction that lies before us. Let each community set for jts goal, as tar as is practicable, a minimum wage of at least $1,000 a year for the teachers of America. This would cost the nation perhaps as much as we spent s gloriously in but one week of the Great War. We are not pleading merely for the welfare of some single profession; we are not pleading for a special class; we are pleading for America: for her larger, her brighter, her richer future, for the fulfilment of her glorious promise. We are pleading for a coming race of men and women who shall be qualified to make complete the work of our forefathers who founded this nation and dedicated it to liberty, and who will bring to full fruition the new victories that we have won in freedom’s cause. We are pleading for a wider teaching of the principles, the purposes, and the ideals of this nation that all men shall know her meaning and shall have equal access to her opportunities; that the light of Americanism will so shine that it will flood every home, every heart, in our great land. —Editorial from the Literary Digest, May 10, 1919 It is to the energy and skill of our army of teachers that we must ultimately look for the formation of a Democracy strong enough, and with sufficient cour age, knowledge and intelligence to bear any strain which the future may impose upon our Empire. —HERBERT A. L. FISHER, M. P., Minister of Education, London, England A SUMMER INSTITUTE In order to meet the desire of many teachers to be able to solve scientifically the home problems of their children, either personally or by putting families in touch with the agencies which exist to meet special needs, a Summer Institute for Social Service is to be given in Milwaukee by the Wisconsin Anti-Tubercu- losis Association and cooperating agencies, July 7 to August 1, immediately fol lowing the N. E. A. Meeting. \\ THE HNKEA. BULLETIN ee “Schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.” Ordinance of 1787 THE REVISED EDUCATIONAL BILL H. R. 7, 66th Congress, 1st Session Introduced by Congressman HORACE MANN TOWNER May 19, 1919, and referred to Committee on Education, of which Congressman SIMEON D. FESS is Chairman. Subject Matter by Sections Creates Department of Education and Secretary of Education. riod of for its or the ent so Assistant Secretary and other subordinate positions. Transfer of offices, bureaus, etc. to Department of Education. Powers and duties of Secretary of Education. we are Duties and scope of Department. er, her Ve are make d it to € won es, the 1g and Appropriation of $500,000 for administrative purposes. Appropriation of $100,000,000 to be apportioned as specified. Apportionment of $7,500,000 for removal of illiteracy. mre ee Se eS Apportionment of $7,500,000 for Americanization. H ed Apportionment of $50,000,000 for equalizing educational op- m wil portunities. Apportionment of $20,000,000 for physical education, including 1919 health education and sanitation. Apportionment of $15,000,000 for preparation of teachers. Conditions under which States may receive apportionments. Administration of Act by state and local authorities. Duties of Secretary of Education in relation to States. Duties of Secretary of the Treasury in relation to the Act. Reports of States on administration of the Act. Reports of Secretary of Education to Congress. Date of taking effect and repealing clause. ies in stitute ia Abraham Lincoln once declared that he hoped the day would come when this y fol country would guarantee to all “an unfettered start and a fair chance in the race of life.” The purpose of this bill is to hasten that day. 24 THE NBA. BULLETIN a a a A BILL To create a Department of Education, to authorize appropriations for the conduc of said Department, to authorize the appropriation of money to encourage the States in the promotion and support of education, and for other purposes Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby created an executive de- partment in the Government, to be called the Department of Education, with a Secretary of Education, who shall be the head thereof, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall re. ceive a salary of twelve thousand dollars ($12,000) per annum, and whose tenure of office shall be the same as that of the heads of other executive departments: and section one hundred and fifty-eight of the Revised Statutes is hereby amended to include such department, and the provisions of Title Four of the Revised Stat. utes, including all amendments thereto, are hereby made applicable to said de. partment. The Secretary of Education shall cause a seal of office to be made for such department of such device as the President shall approve, and judicial notice shall be taken of said seal. Sec. 2. That there shall be in said department an Assistant Secretary of Education to be appointed by the President, who shall receive a salary of fiye thousand dollars ($5,000) per annum. He shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Secretary or required by law. There shall also be one chief clerk and a disbursing clerk and such chiefs of bureaus and clerical assistants as may from time to time be authorized by Congress. Sec. 3. That there is hereby transferred to the Department of Education the Bureau of Education, and the President is authorized and empowered in his dis- cretion to transfer to the Department of Education such offices, bureaus, diyis- ions, boards or branches of the Government, connected with or attacht to any of the executive departments or organized independently of any department, as in his judgment should be controlled by, or the functions of which should be exer- cised by, the Department of Education, and all such offices, bureaus, divisions, boards or branches of the Government so transferred by the President, or by Act of Congress, shall thereafter be administered by the Department of Education, as hercinafter provided. All officers, clerks and employees employed in or by any office, bureau, divis- ion, board or branch of the Government, transferred in accordance with the pro visions of this Act to the Department of Education, shall each and all be trans ferred to said Department of Education at their existing grades and salaries, except where otherwise provided in this Act; and the office records and papers on file and pertaining exclusively to the business of any such office, bureau, divis- ion, board or branch of the Government so transferred, together with the furni ture and equipment thereof, shall be transferred to said Department. Sec. 4. That the Secretary of Education shall have charge, in the buildings or premises occupied by or assigned to the Department of Education, of the library, furniture, fixtures, records and other property used therein or pertaining thereto, and may expend for rental of appropriate quarters for the accommodation of the Department of Education within the District of Columbia, and for the library, furniture, equipment and all other incidental expenses, such sums as Con- gress may provide from time to time. II iduet € the ‘8. tates e de. ith a y the ll re. enure ents; nded Stat- 1 de- ¢ for Otice ry ot E five iy be chief tants n the ; dis- divis- ) any as in exer- sions, y Act yn, as divis- pro- rans- aries, apers divis- furni- dings f the ining ation r the Con- THE N. EA. BULLETIN 25 ee All power and authority conferred by law upon or exercised by the head of any executive department, or by any administrative board, over any officer, office, bureau, division, board or branch of the Government, transferred in accordance with the provisions of this Act to the Department of Education, and any and all business arising therefrom or pertaining thereto, and all duties performed in con- nection therewith, shall, after such transfer, be vested in and exercised by the Secretary of Education. All laws prescribing the work and defining the duties and powers of the sev- eral offices, bureaus, divisions, boards or branches of the Government, transferred in accordance with the provisions of this Act to the Department of Education, shall, in so tar as the same are not in conflict with the provisions of this Act, remain in full force and effect and be executed by the Secretary of Education, to whom is hereby granted definite authority to reorganize the work of any and all of the said offices, bureaus, divisions, boards or branches of the Government so trans- ferred, in such way as will in his judgment best accomplish the purposes of this Act. Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the Department of Education to conduct studies and investigations in the field of education and to report thereon. Re- search shall be undertaken in (a) illiteracy; (b) immigrant education; (c) public- school education, and especially rural education; (d) physical education, including health education, recreation and sanitation; (e) preparation and supply of compe- tent teachers for the public schools; and (f) in such other fields as, in the judg- ment of the Secretary of Education, may require attention and study. In order to carry out the provisions of this section the Secretary of Educa- tion is authorized, in the same manner as provided for appoint ments in other de- partments; to make appointments, or recommendations of appointments, of edu- cational attachés to foreign embassies, and of such investigators and representa- tives as may be needed, subject to the appropriations that have been made or may hereafter be made to any office, bureau, division, board or branch of the Govern- ment, transferred in accordance with the provisions of this Act to the Department. of Education; and where appropriations have not been made therefor the appro- priation provided in section six of this Act shall be available. Sec. 6. That for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-one, and annually thereafter, the sum of five- hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treas- ury not otherwise appropriated, to the Department of Education, for the purpose of paying salaries and conducting investigations and paying all incidental and traveling expenses and rent where necessary, and for the purpose of enabling the Department of Education to carry out the provisions of this Act. And all appro- priations which have been made and which may hereafter be made to any office, bureau, division, board or branch of the Government, transferred in accordance with the provisions of this Act to the Department of Education, are hereby con- tinued in full force and effect, and shall be administered by the Secretary of Edu- cation in such manner as is prescribed by law. Sec. 7. That in order to encourage the States in the promotion and support of education, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any money in ' the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-one, and annually thereafter, one hundred million dollars ($100,000,000), to be apportioned, disburst and expended as hereinafter provided. THE N. EA BULLETIN —oOoOlTOo”On0oaEeEeqQ73)37)3q3qQ eee: Sec. 8. That in order to encourage the States to remove illiteracy, three. forticths of the sum authorized to be appropriated by section seven of this Act shall be used for the instruction of illiterates ten years of age and over. Such instruction shall deal with the common-school branches and the duties of citizen. ship, and when advisable shall prepare for some definite occupation. Said sum shall be apportioned to the States in the proportions which their respectiye illiterate populations of ten years of age and over, not including foreign-bom illiterates, bear to such total illiterate population of the United States, not in- cluding outlying possessions, according to the last preceding census of the United States. Sec. 9. That in order to encourage the States in the Americanization of immigrants, three-fortieths of the sum authorized to be appropriated by section seven of this Act shall be used to teach immigrants ten years of age and over to speak and read the English language and to understand and appreciate the spirit and purpose of the American Government and the duties of citizenship in a free country. The said sum shall be apportioned to the States in the proportions which their respective foreign-born populations bear to the total foreign-bom population of the United States, not including outlying possessions, according to the last preceding census of the United States. Sec. 10. That in order to encourage the States to equalize educational oppor. tunities, five-tenths of the sum authorized to be appropriated by section seven of this Act shall be used in public elementary and secondary schools for the par- tial payment of teachers’ salaries, for providing better instruction and extending school terms, especially in rural schools and schools in sparsely settled localities, and otherwise providing equally good educational opportunities for the children in the several States, and for the extension and adaptation of public libraries for educational purposes. The said sum shall be apportioned to the States, one-half in the proportions which the number of children between the ages of six and twenty-one of the respective States bear to the total number of such children in the United States and one-half in the proportions which the number of public. school teachers eniployed in teaching positions in the respective States bear to the total number of public-school teachers so employed in the United States, not including outlying possessions, said apportionment to be based upon statistics collected annually by the Department of Education. Provided, however, That.in order to share in the apportionment provided by this section a State shall establish and maintain the following requirements unless prevented by constitutional limitations, in which case these requirements shali be approximated as nearly as constitutional provisions will permit: (a) a legal school term of at least twenty-four weeks in each year for the benefit of all children of school age in such State; (b) a compulsory school attendance law requiring all children between the ages of seven and fourteen to attend some school for at least twenty-four weeks in each year; (c) a law requiring that the English language shall be the basic language of instruction in the common-school branches in all schools, public and private. Sec. 11. That in order to encourage the States in the promotion of physical education, two-tenths of the sum authorized to be appropriated by section seven of this Act shall be used for physical education and instruction in the principles of health and sanitation, and for providing school nurses, school dental clinics, and otherwise promoting physical and mental welfare. The said sum shall be ap portioned to the States in the proportions which their respective populations bear THE N. ELA BULLETIN to the total population of the United States, not including outlying possessions, according to the last preceding census of the United States. Sec. 12. That in order to encourage the States in the preparation of teachers for public-school service, particularly in rural schools, three-twentieths of the sum authorized to be appropriated by section seven of this Act shall be used to pro- yide and extend facilities for the improvement of teachers already in service and for the more adequate preparation of prospective teachers, and to provide an in- creast number of trained and competent teachers by encouraging, thru the establishment of scholarships and otherwise, a greater number of talented young people to make adequate preparation for public-school service. The said sum shall be apportioned to the States in the proportions which the number of public- school teachers employed in teaching positions in the respective States bear to the total number of public-school teachers so employed in the United States, not including outlying possessions, said apportionments to be based on statistics col- lected annually by the Department of Education. Sec. 13. That in order to secure the benefits of the appropriation authorized in section seven, and of any of the apportionments made in sections eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve of this Act, a State shall by legislative enactment accept the provisions of this Act and provide for the distribution of such funds as may be apportioned to said State, and shall designate the State’s chief educational authority, whether a State Superintendent of Public Instruction, a Commissioner of Education, a State Board of Education, or other legally constituted chief edu- cational authority, to represent said State in the administration of this Act, and such authority so designated shall be recognized by the Secretary of Education. Provided, That in any state in which the legislature does not meet in nineteen hundred twenty, the Governor of said State, in so far as he may have authority so to do, may take such action, temporarily, as is herein provided to be taken by legislative enactment in order to secure the benefits of this Act, and such action by the Governor shall be recognized by the Secretary of Education for the pur- poses of this Act, when reported by the chief educational authority designated to represent said State, until the legislature of said State shall have met in due course and been in session sixty days. In any State accepting the provisions of this Act, the State Treasurer shall be designated and appointed as custodian of all funds received by said State as apportionments under the provisions of this Act, to receive and provide for the proper custody and disbursement of the same, such disbursements to be made in accordance with the legal provisions of said State, on warrants duly drawn by the State’s chief educational authority designated to represent said State in the administration of this Act. A State may accept the provisions of any one or more of the respective ap- portionments authorized in sections eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve of this Act, and may defer the acceptance of any one or more of said apportionments: Provided, however, That no money shall be apportioned to any State from any of the funds provided in sections eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve of this Act, unless a sum equally as large shall be provided by said State, or by local au- thorities, or by both, for the same purpose: And provided, That the sum or sums provided by a State for the equalization of educational opportunities, for the promotion of physical education and for the preparation of teachers, shall not be less for any year than the amount provided for the same »urpose for the fiscal year next preceding the acceptance of the provisions of this Act by said State: THE NW.EA BULLETIN een And, provided further, That no money apportioned to any State under the provisions of this Act shall be used by any State or local authority, directly of ip. directly, for the purchase, rental, erection, preservation or repair of any building or equipment, or for the purchase or rental of land, or for the payment of debts or the interest thereon. Sec. 14. ‘That when a State shall have accepted the provisions of this Act and shall have provided for the distribution and administration of such funds gs may be apportioned to said State, as herein provided, the State’s chief educationg) authority designated to represent said State shall so report in writing to the Secretary of Education. If such report shows that said State is prepared to carry out the provisions of this Act with respect to any one or more of the apportion. ments authorized in sections eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve of this Act, the Secretary of Education shall apportion to said State for the fiscal year, or for the remainder of the fiscal year as the case may be, such funds as said State may be entitled to receive under the provisions of this Act, and shall certify such appor- tionment or apportionments to the Secretary of the Treasury: Provided, Tha this Act shall not be construed to require uniformity of plans, means or methods in the several States in order to secure the benefits herein provided, except as specifically stated herein: And, provided further, That all the educational facil. " ties encouraged by the provisions of this Act and accepted by a State shall be organized, supervised and administered exclusively by the legally constituted state and iocal educational authorities of said State, and the Secretary of Education shall exercise no authority in relation thereto except as herein provided to insure that all funds apportioned to said. State shall be used for the purposes for which they are appropriated, and in accordance with the provisions of this Act accepted by said State. Sec. 15. That the Secretary of Education is authorized to prescribe plans - for keeping accounts of the expenditures of such funds as may be apportioned to the States under the provisions of this Act, and to audit such accounts. The Secretary of Education may withhold the apportionment or apportionments of any State for the next ensuing fiscal year whenever he shall determine that such apportionment or apportionments made to said State for the current fiscal year are not being expended in accordance with the provisions of this Act: Provided, however, That before withholding any such apportionment from any State, as herein provided, the Secretary of Education shall give due notice in writing to the chief educational authority designated to represent said State, stating specif- cally wherein said State fails to comply with the provisions of this Act. If any portion of the money received by the Treasurer of a State under the provisions of this Act for any of the purposes herein provided shall, by action or contingency, be diminisht or lost, the same shall be replaced by said State, and until so replaced no subsequent apportionment for such purpose shall be paid to said State. If any part of the funds apportioned annually to any State for any of the purposes named in sections eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve of this Act has not been expended for such purpose, a sum equal to such unexpended part shall be deducted from the next succeeding annual apportionment made to said State for such purpose. Sec. 16. That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to pay quarterly, on the first day of July, October, January and April, to the Treasurer of any State designated to receive such funds, such apportionment or ee ee ee ee” ee ee ee ee ee ee 5 Act ‘ional > the ‘tion- » the t the 'y be )por- That hods It as aCili- I be state ition hich pted ‘THE NBA BULLETIN 29 mm mm maaan a a ee a apportionments as are properly certified to him by the Secretary of Education, and he shall discontinue such payments when notified so to do by the Secretary of Education, as provided in this Act. Sec. 17. That the chief educational authority designated to represent any State receiving the benefits of this Act, shall, not later than September first of © each year, make a report to the Secretary of Education showing the work done in said State in carrying out the provisions of this Act, and the receipts and ex- penditures of money apportioned to said State under the provisions of this Act. If the chief educational authority designated to represent any State shall fail to report as herein provided, the Secretary of Education shall notify the Secretary of the Treasury to discontinue the payment of all apportionments to said State until such report shall have been made. Sec. 18. That the Secretary of Education shall annually at the close of each fiscal year make a report in writing to Congress giving an account of all moneys received and disburst by the Department of Education, and describing the work done by the department. He shall also, not later than December first of each year, make a report to Congress on the administration of sections seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen and seventeen of this Act, and shall include in said report a summary of the reports made to him by the several States showing the condition of public education therein, and shall at the same time make such recommendations to Congress as will, in his judgment, improve public education in the United States. He shall also from time to time make such special investigations and reports as may be required of him by the President or by Congress. Sec. 19. ‘That this Act shall take effect April first, nineteen hundred twenty, and all Acts and parts of Acts in conflict with this Act are hereby repealed. Why Should a Department of Education Be Establisht? A Department of Education, with a Secretary of Education in the President’s cabinet at its head, should be establisht in order to co- ordinate and administer more efficiently the various educational activi- ties of the National Government. The Government has dealt with the subject of education along particular lines for many years, but its activi- ties are scattered thruout the several executive departments and. ad- ministered by many unrelated boards, bureaus and divisions. The Department should be establisht in order to give to ducation the recognition which its vital relation to our national welfare demands. Issues of the greatest importance to the nation, involving complex edu- cational problems, are continually dealt with by the President and Con- gress without the advice of a cabinet member whose sole duty it is to consider such questions from the standpoint of their relation to public education. Education is represented by a cabinet minister in the Gov- ernment of every other great Nation of the world. _ There should be a Department of Education to conduct investigations in the field of education and give to the States and the people the ben- ' efits of such research. Illiteracy can not be removed nor real American idals establisht by mere superficial attempts. We must know the facts involved in these complex social problems before we can accomplish their solution. The same is true of all our great educational questions. es Se eA RY EL. ET TN —— ee The National Government should furnish information and guidance, Every valid argument used in behalf of the establishment of the De partment of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce and the Depart. ment of Labor, applies with equal force in support of the establishment “of a Department of Education. These departments were created in ree. ognition of the importance of the subjects which they represent in rela. tion to national welfare. Education is unquestionably as vitally related to the welfare of our country, and the Government is now dealing with the subject of education more generally than it dealt with the subjects embraced in any of these departments when they were created. A Department of Education should be created as a matter of adminis. trative efficiency and wise public policy. Why Should the National Government Appropriate Money to Assist the States in the Promotion of Education? Because education is essential to the life of our Nation. A govern. ment of the people must necessarily be determined by the character and intelligence of its citizens. Anarchy and social disorders thrive on ig- norance. The welfare and perpetuity of our nation demand that all pos- sible encouragement be given to the States in the development thru education of a citizenship physically and intellectually sound, and imbued with the spirit and ideals of true Americanism. Thus only can our Re public be made safe, efficient and enduring. Since education is a matter of vital concern to the Nation as well as to the States and local communities, the Nation should bear its share of the necessary expense. In addition to what is now being done, thie National Goveinment should encourage and assist the States in the removal of il- literacy, the Americanization of our heterogenous population, the con- servation of our human resources thru physical education and in- struction in the principles of health and sanitation, the equalization of educational opportunities so that every child in the-land may have an opportunity to obtain a good common school education, and in the prepa- ration and supply of competent teachers who are the most essential fac- tor in the solution of all educational problems. The National Government 1s now making liberal appropriations in support of education along cértain special lines, including vocational ed- ucation. But the promotion and support of general education, which in- cludes the special, is even more fundamental and necessary. Special ed- ucation, however valuable in itself, must of necessity fail to accomplish its purpose if general education is permitted to deteriorate from lack of adequate support. The Right Honorable H. A. L. Fisher, Minister of Education, declared in support of his educational bill before the English Parliament: “It is always pertinent to ask whether we can afford to spend the money. But when we are considering a form of productive expenditure, which is not only an investment but an insurance, that question cannot stand alone. We must ask a supplementary question. We must ask not only whether we can afford to spend the money, but whether we can afford not to spend lit i i ed a ST Tr TS THE N. BA. BSULLETIN , the money. And the supplementary question is more important and more searching.” Mr. Fisher further declared: “The fact that in the middle of this great war, when the finances of this country are strained to the uttermost, the Chancellor of the Exchequer is willing to find nearly four million pounds of additional money for the development of public education is, I think, a sufficient indication that the Government means business.” ey The Fisher Educational Bill carrying these increast appropriations was past by the English Parliament. If our Government is to meet the urgent demands of this critical period of reconstruction in a broad con- structive way it can not neglect the fundamental question of public education. Will the Establishment of a Department of Education and the Granting of Federal Aid Mean Federal Control of Education? It is illogical to conclude that if a Department of Education is created and Federal aid given, the Kederal Government will arbitrarily control the administration of education in the States. Some of the executive de- partments deal with subjects over which the National Government has absolute authority, and others deal with subjects over which it does not have controlling authority. The Department of the Treasury and the Department of War are examples of the former, while the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Labor are examples of the latter. The National Government can assist the States in the promotion of education as it assists in promoting the interests of agriculture, com- merce and labor, but under the provisions of the Constitution it cannot control, because the administration of education is reserved to the States. This bill specifically provides that all the educational facilities encour- aged by its provisions shall be organized, supervised and administered exclusively by the legally constituted state and local educational author- ities within the several States. o The following letter from a city superintendent of schools of a western state, is an admirable statement of the situation with regard to teachers’ salaries in some localities: “Your recent letter was appreciated. Some of us deserve no better salaries for showing such a lack of professional spirit. I suppose it is with others as with myself. Fixt charges eat up the salary stipend so fast there isn’t even an N. E. A. membership left at the end of the month. We have to wait for the raise before we have the money to join and that completes the. vicious circle which retards the campaign for better salaries. “I have been glad to get the bulletins in regard to salaries and shall give them wider publicity at the opportune time. The county superintendent and I will make a local campaign for N. E. A. memberships and we hope to surprise ourselves.” 32 THE BBA BYULLET EIEN cou imams amma ss | eames a, I i eam a ee THE VOLUME IN SEPTEMBER The bound volume of Proceedings will hereafter be printed in September ; in case the recommendation of President Strayer and Secretary Crabtree js carried out. It was decided a few years ago to publish’ the annual proce edings in 4 monthly Journal and to hold the page forms for the bound volume to be printed at the end of the year. This plan delays sending out the volume until April 9 May. The new plan to be submitted for the approval of the Board of Directors provides for printing and distributing the bound volume in September and Octo. ber, and for using other material in the Journal and Bulletin. An effort was made this year to speed up the work and to put the bound yo}. ume out earlier. The plan, however, of using the page forms of the N. E, 4 Journal, together with the war handicaps on printing made it impossible to do $0. In anticipation of the adoption of the new plan the Secretary is making an effort to get copies of all papers in advance of the Milwaukee meeting and to have many of them ready for the printer by the time the session adjourns. THE COUPON PLAN The coupon plan for associate members is unsatisfactory. It leads to mis- understanding and criticism. The by-laws make it necessary for the associate member to return the coupon which is attacht to his receipt for membership fees, He fails to read the receipt and hence does not return the coupon, yet at the end of the year he feels that the N. E. A. has not given him a square deal. After much correspondence he finds that he was in error but the fact that thousands of teach- ers failed to receive the proceedings because of their failure to return the coupon and understand the plan shows that something is wrong with the plan itself, Hence the Secretary is recommending that the coupon plan be abandoned and that arrangements be made by which every associate member may receive the literature to which his membership really entitles him. It may be interesting in this connection to know that every active member has been receiving literature which cost the N. E. A. much more than his men- bership fee. Some years the cost has been nearly 50 per cent above what he paid. If you ask where the money came from to pay the deficit we must admit that it came from the thousands of teachers who paid the membership fee but’ who failed to return the coupon. All funds used for investigations and for committees came from this same source. Every active member will prefer to pay a fee large enough to cover the cost of the literature which he receives and the overhead expense connected with the same rather than to have these associate members aid him in paying for what he receives. REDUCED RAILROAD RATES The officers of the Association were delighted to receive word from the United States Railroad Administration, just as the Bulletin was going to press, that a reduced rate of one and one-third fare for the round trip has been granted for the Milwaukee meeting. This will insure the greatest meeting the Associa- tion has ever held. elf. the