re oo 2 al .E.A. BULLETIN Vol. Ill, No. 1 September, 1914 Whole Number 9 Entered as second-class matter March 22, 1913, at the post-office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, under the Act of August 24, 1912. Published September, December, January, Febftuary, April and , by the National Education Association of the United States. Office of publicatidn, Ann Arbor, Michigan. DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE, CINCINNATI, OHIO, FEB. 22-27, 1915 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF EDUCATION—NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, OAKLAND, CAL., AUGUST 16-28, ro15 OOOO _ NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR 1914-15 GENERAL ASSOCIATION David Starr Jordan President Stanford University, Cal. Durand W. Springer Secretary Ann Arbor, Mich. - Grace M. Shepherd Treasurer Boise, Idaho VICE-PRESIDENTS Joseph Swain, President, Swarthmore College Swarthmore, Pa. Grace C. Strachan, District Superintendent of Schools Brooklyn, N. Y. Walter R. Siders, Superintendent of Schools Pocatello, Idaho ‘Mrs. W. S. Hefferan, Chairman, Parent-Teacher Committee of National Congress of Mothers Chicago, Il. John W. Brister, President, West Tennessee Normal School............++ Memphis, Tenn. Isabel Williams, Teacher, Jackson School St. Paul, Minn. R. C. Stearns, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Richmond, Va. Josephine C. Preston, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Olympia, Wash. Jacob G. Collicott, Superintendent of Schools Indianapolis, Ind. Cora G. Lewis, Member, State Board of Administration Kinsley, Kans. Fayette L. Cook, President, South Dakota State Normal School Spearfish, S. D. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Carroll G. Pearse, Chairman Milwaukee, Wis. expires i James Y¥. Joyner, Secretary Raleigh, N. C expires i Robert J. Aley eone:: BBG visas cngensidanhou Term expires i *James M. Greenwood Kansas City, Mo expires i Starr Jordan Stanford University, Cal Ex officio EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Stanford University, Cal. First Vice-President Swarthmore, Pa. Treasurer Boise, Idaho Chairman Board of Trustees...Milwaukee, Wis. Member by Election........... Little Rock, Ark. Secretary Ann Arbor, Mich. 2 THE N. E. A. BULLS TIN a= eee eee: BOARD OF DIRECTORS Directors ex officio David Starr Jordan, Stanford University, Cal. Joseph Swain, Swarthmore, Pa. Grace M. Shepherd, Boise, Idaho Carroll G. Pearse, Milwaukee, Wis. Durand W. Springer, Ann Arbor, Mich. LIFE DIRECTORS Bicknell, Thomas, W., Providence, R. I. Board of Education, Nashville, Tenn. 3rown, Elmer Ellsworth, New York, N. Y. Butler, Nicholas Murray, New York, N. Y. Claxton, P. P., Washington, D. C. Cook, John W., De Kalb, Ill. Cooley, Edwin G., Chicago, Il. Corson, Oscar T., Columbus, Ohio. Eliot, Charles W., Cambridge, Mass. Fairchild, E. T., Durham, N. H. Gove, Aaron, Denver, Colo. Graham, H. A., Mt. Pleasant, Mich. Green, James M., Trenton, N. J. Harvey, Lorenzo D., Menomonie, Wis. Jewett, A. V., Abilene, Kans. Joyner, James Y., Raleigh, N. C. Marshall, T. Marcellus, Stouts Mills, W. Va. Maxwell, William H., New York, N. Y, Parker, Charles I., Chicago, III. Pearse, Carroll G., Milwaukee, Wis. Pike, Joshua, Jerseyville, Il. Schaeffer, Nathan C., Harrisburg, Pa Skinner, Charles R., Watertown, N. Y State Teachers Association of Illinois Swain, Joseph, Swarthmore, Pa. Taylor, A. R., Decatur, Il. Teachers Institute, Philadelphia, Pa White, Charles G., Lake Linden, Mich Young, Ella Flagg, Chicago, III. DIRECTORS BY ELECTION PEGE acndccivcue John H. Phillips, Superintendent of Schools............ Birmingham PR cn 6 od cabenans C. O. Case, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. . Phoenix 0 eye George B. Cook, State Superintendent of Public Instruc- SE aceon it kh Reh 9d GA nS BLOGs bess ase eas Little Rock RED 6ccccscnend Arthur H. Chamberlain, Editor, Sierra Educational PE fi id taste pete eae Adaclieh paid bib)b-0 we s:00 05-6 0.00 San Francisco EN airs.on ew ew ee Anna L. Force, Principal, Columbian School ........... Denver Convectiont ....:.- Frank L. Glynn, Director, Trade Education Department, BOGRGMNRR ADOUERTICO BONG. <.occc ccc ccccccccswccs New Haven ee A. Henry Berlin, Principal of High School............. Wilmington District of Columbia. E. L. Thurston, Superintendent of Schools............. Washington PER. i.ctscnsdadeas W. N. Sheats, State Superintendent of Public Instruc- Rica ich wiainan ena wdlne nde ae oo Shea ve btwn’ Tallahassee ree G. L. Carver, Professor of Biology, Mercer University... Macon | Serre Walter R. Siders, Superintendent of Schools............ Pocatello I, oc da cbietacs William H. Campbell, Principal, D.S. Wentworth School. Chicago RA << s Saakanene Milo H. Stuart, Principal, Manual Training High Schoo]. Indianapolis RAN ss 60s idwis se L. H. Minkel, Superintendent of Schools............... Fort Dodge SE ena John MacDonald, Editor, Western School Journal....... Topeka EA J. G. Crabbe, President, State Normal School........... Richmond ee Thomas H. Harris, State Superintendent of Education., Baton Rouge ME, tabtkodwi dees Robert J. Aley, President, University of Maine.......... Orono eee Chas. J. Koch, First Assistant Superintendent of Schools. Baltimore Massachusetts ...... Robert J. Fuller, Superintendent of Schools............. North Attleboro TE woes dae hniek E. E. Scribner, Superintendent of Schools.............. Ishpeming Minnesota ..........Agnes E. Doherty, Teacher, Central High School....... St. Paul Mississippi ...... *,..E. E. Bass, Superintendent of Schools................-. Greenville ‘ NE cabadkescec W. P. Evans, State Superintendent of Public Schools... Jefferson City SS era eee Henry A. Davee, State Superintendent of Public Instruc- OE iol ite else 6 ak 5A bob hen Can Oe OGRA c'sc0s owes Helena Webeasikta ...cccdecs Frederick M. Hunter, Superintendent of Schoo!s........ Lincoln ae Katherine M. Cook, Superintendent of Schools.......... Panaca New Hampshire..... Henry C. Morrison, State Superintendent of Public In- I< deh 8 atte e td dice « saueeee nibs daas oes Concord New Jersey......... M. P. E. Groszmann, Educational Director, National Association for the Study and Education of Excep- IR. 0 20s ON Da Ee iics cu'sankacdcuvcecoecs Plainfield New Mexico........: Alvan N. White, State Superintendent of Public In- I thsi tind s ebaibkeeneh Guy Potter Benton, President, University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.................... Burlington Virginia ....+-+++-+s E. H. Russell, President, State Normal and Industrial Gn, Ci NR ae as oe wa wie Roe eae se Fredericksburg Washington .....--- Elmer LI. Cave, Superintendent of Schools.............. Sellingham West Virginia ...... M. P. Shawkey, State Superintendent of Schools........ Charleston Wisconsin ......---- Milton C. Potter, Superintendent of Schools............ Milwaukee Wyoming ........-.C. A. Duniway, President, University of Wyoming...... Laramie Philippine Islands.... Frank LI. Crone, Director of Education................. Manila Porto Rico ......... Edward M. Bainter, Commissioner of Education........ San Juan Hawaii .....2csceees Willis T. Pope, Superintendent of Public Instruction.... Honolulu DEPARTMENT OFFICERS National Council President .......2-.000- Robert J. Aley, President, University of Maine...... Orono, Me. Vice-President ......... James Y. Joyner, State Superintendent of Public In- SIE aS Wan sn cccntearns sana ectanas tent Releigh, N. C. See William B. Owen, Principal, Chicago Normal School. Chicago, IIl. Executive Committee....Ellen C. Sabin, President, Milwaukee-Downer Col- ES FES ee etn fae Pere Milwaukee, Wis. Executive Committee....David B. Johnson, President, Winthrop Normal and SE OD 0. na ow keke tua diene daltas bane Rock Hill, S. C. Executive Committee....A. J. Matthews, President, Normal School of Arizona. Tempe, Ariz. Kindergarten Eee Anna M. Stovall, Supervisor and Normal Instructor, Golden Gate Kindergarten Association.......... San Francisco, Cal. Vice-President ......... Myra M. Winchester, Educational Director, National Kindergarten Association ......ccccocsescccess Washington, D. C. I a aan Siik a old's aka me A 9h Gta Ke ares s ambled 'e 04 010 « acale we 6 Se Elementary NEE 6 5-664.0.00 00. Margaret E. Schallenberger, Commissioner of Ele- mentary Schools, Department of Public In IN kb 0 na bile da hea Se ae ee Sacramento, Cal. Vice-President .........: Adelaide Steele Baylor, Assistant State Superintend- Ce eer ere Indianapolis, Ind. re Mary E. Foster, Superintendent of Cass County DGUEE a cacnwene nab ahebagisk Gs eo kasn beeen whew Plattsmouth, Nebr. Secondary re George FE. Marshall, Principal, High School ........ Davenport, Iowa Vice-President ......... Emma J. Breck, Head of English Department, High OEE. SiS% £AtAd a ees $aas ees COS ee tae ed Oakland, Cal. Ms oc cccc ce ..Claude P. Briggs, Principal of High School......... Rockford, Ill. Higher Se Livingston Farrand, President, University of Colo- WE dtacvdtesbanaasthekiadbdsd¥canbaeaten Boulder, Colo. Vice-President ......... Melvin A. Brannon, President, University of Idaho.. Moscow, Idaho a John FE. Rouse, Head of School of Education, James Sel TIGRIS . oe ine ace tmecs ame Fann O% Decatur, Ill. 4 THE N. EB. A. BULLETIN a Normal INE... Sin ccoemane ede Dwight B. Waldo, President, Western State Normal PE SSE LERS Ree deteSc veers eccacederoansesene Kalamazoo, Mich, Vice-President ......... Thomas W. Butcher, President, Kansas State Normal BERG Sp 3 a ee er Emporia, Kans, ND Bi cae nkotaas aca Waite A. Shoemaker, President, State Normal SN Wis dunn ssh aie ae biked PaeGi ties and vc edhee tel St. Cloud, Ming. e Superintendence President .e==“QNO0$™E_aelEl“Q@O@*=qyyw==—=Ooqooo eo: since there are so many different appointing powers, unless there is some central body which has power of defining the work of committees. The present condition is very confusing to the Board of Trustees and the Executive Committee when they are asked to make appropriations. The Board of Trustees and the Executive Committee unite with me in recommending that the Executive Committee and Board of Directors be authorized to ask for such reorganization of committees as will insure that there shall be no duplication of work by these committees. In this connection, it may be said that it is strongly urged that a former action of the Board of Trustees and Executive Committee is joint session be strictly adhered to in the future. The recommendation is as follows: “That each committee asking for an appropriation of money shall submit with such request a list of publications which have been printed on the subject of the proposed investigation.” Owing to the financial condition of the National Education Association, expenses must be reduced to a minimum. Committee meetings should be held without expense to the Association. Two meetings per year without such expense to the Association may be held in connection with the annual meeting of the N. E. A. and in connection with the meeting of the Department of Superintendence, as it is the duty of the members on such committees to be present at these meetings. Ii a third meeting is necessary in the opinion of the committee, the expenses for such meeting should be first authorized by the Executive Committee of the National Education Afgsociation. The recommendations of the President were referred for favorable considera- tion to the incoming Board of Directors. The Treasurer’s report showed a balance on hand at the beginning ED a: «5,0 505,59 a Kah BS a Be o'0'5 o ella ARE eked > ¥h eee ae $ 2,292.50 Receipts from the annual meeting at Salt Lake City.................. 8,084.00 Receipts from the Richmond meeting of the Department of Superin- EA SS ree oe) aE ieee ee OM te oe BL 1,364.00 ns ae SOCVOURIY BD GENCE: 2... 6. i ois ec ccee cis ccecebaseenades 12,966.55 Te SOLUS WAM 66k tcc nce des vuslacsececueban 7,444.08 ES FS. gS oig a 5-8 ew 5d 0 FoR SA Cae He Ob bide be eib us Ores egw ELAS 192.02 EE OO CEE EES ELE TERT E ETT COT ee ie ea $32,343.15 Items of expenditure by divisions were: Pane OF REUBCOOD io... cece sce vececencveces $ 768.68 Wxpenses—Executive Committee ........... ccc cece cc ceeee 1,212.08 ee OGG oc uss ota ves ccc cene bee Use ewan seek 10,138.05 Sine Sila dik ay dia &Epk eed wR ee we Re we 9,646.74 IE) 54's "i's Shek oig'ele $b ated OE Ne Sse bb.0 see eben 2,446.33 EET OT ORCL ET TORT L ORT eee Ce 4,168.76 Expense—Department of Superintendence meeting........... 524.98 In! OOURVETICION oo occo sic ccvccncccdscsdscaceson 2,923.59 ES SECTS LE CRE ET COLT EEE TRE TO POU 365.24 EIEN © 6 6.n. as bid bap aS & ore sheieahin wn $32,194.45 on eminem Sume 30, 2014... ooo... ci cw ieebsiwncee $ 148.70 The report of the Board of Trustees showed the Permanent Fund of the Asso- ciation to be in the same condition as a year ago, amounting at the present time to $190,000.00. The Secretary's report contained the details concerning the expenditures for the appropriations made at Salt Lake City, together with a comparative showing of the finances for the year, the most important feature of which was that, as the result of editing the Proceedings. and using a feather weight paper, there had been effected a saving in the printing and distributing of the Proceedings and Year- book for the year of $9,565.74. It was also reported that it was impossible to \ ‘ ' 10 Tanah. ER A BULLETIN a an—a=—=“=“—eae60a#0eSs<=«@«quoonsasSsSSS ew] oO secure the franking privilege for our publications as had been suggested at the Salt Lake City meeting. Two suggestions were made by the Secretary which should command the attention of the active members, in order that, if opportunity presents itself, they | may be able to express their opinion on the matters involved. The first relates to the advisability of issuing a magazine with ten numbers a year, in which we should print our Proceedings, making them the backbone of the magazine, This magazine should not enter the field as a competitor of any of the educationg) journals now issued, but rather as the organ of the Association, furnishing the members the papers and such other data concerning the meetings as are now given to them in the N. E. A. Bulletin. The object would not be to discontinye the publication of our Proceedings in bound form, but to offer to each of the members the following choices: To receive the magazine for the two-dollar membership fee; to receive the bound volume of Proceedings for the two-dollar fee; or, in case they desire the magazine in order to obtain the material contained therein as it is issued month by month, and then desire the bound volume of Proceedings for the library, both could be had by the payment of an additiona} dollar. Those who took the magazine would begin receiving the reports of the convention in September instead of waiting until the middle of the year for the Proceedings in volume form. The other suggestion was that the membership should consider whether or not it would be wise to permanently change the time of the summer meeting to a date between the closing of the summer schools, which have now become go numerous and so largely attended, and the opening of the regular school year, This change has been authorized for the year 1915, in view of the fact that the meeting will be held at Oakland in connection with the Panama-Pacific Interna- tional Exposition. Under the auspices of the Association there will be conducted an International Congress of Education, and it was easier to secure foreign speakers at that time than earlier in the summer. Both of these suggestions were referred to the new Board of Directors, and by it to the Executive Committee and Board of Trustees, and will probably be up for discussion at the meeting next year. ANNUAL MEETING OF ACTIVE MEMBERS The Annual Meeting of Active Members was held in the Auditorium, St. Paul, Thursday forenoon, July 9, at eleven o’clock. About six hundred members were present when President Swain called the meeting to order. The Executive Committee presented the following recommendation with regard to appropriations for the coming year: TO THE ACTIVE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION: As required by the By-Laws of this Association, your Executive Committee has carefully considered the requests for appropriations which have been presented by the chairmen of the various committees, both general and departmental. The committee has been unable to recommend the allowance of all the appropriations asked for, and, in most cases, has been obliged to recommend a smaller appropriation for the several committees than was asked for. We feel, however, that the Association can with safety appropriate the amounts named to the following committees to be used by them during the year 1914-15. Committee on Health Problems in Education...............cccceeeceeees $ 500 Committee on Vocational Education and Vocational Guidance.............. 500 Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education................ 400 a ahaa sacle bd meee bbe 6060000000 00d 500 Committee on Teachers Salaries and Cost of Living..............0.000005 1,000 Committee on Economy of Time in Elementary Education................. 200 adop Trea Bull pres and whic Tho! our 1 tion | repre Schor consi Arrat by ti Asso city | natio musi the | our Asso for t and 7 Execu tures be fir: 7 taker Nom Exec the ¢ if, in Com! ment the ] Pres Nom servi gras digni Hl he he ey ve is al he le 1e ar ar of le 1e , ly seta @ wo” ; [eee BA. BULLETIN II ee Committee on Standards and Tests of Efficiency in Schools and School SystemS ....-e cece eeseeccccencececeues ¥100s506s S64Ed SIS See AwEN Seen é 100 Committee on the Improvement of Physics Teaching...................5. 100 Committee on Course of Study in Agriculture .............cceeeeeeeenees 100 Committees on School Revenue and School Health................0..0000. 50 (Department of School Patrons) Committee on Terminology—Department of Music Education.............. 25 Your committee recommends, in making these appropriations, that authority be given to the Executive Committee for next year to assume temporary responsibility in deciding which expendi- tures are most important in the work of these various committees, and which expenditures shall be first authorized if, in any case, it shall be impracticable for all such expenditures to be paid. These recommendations were adopted and the following additional action taken relating to appropriations: The claim of the Committee on Grammatical Nomenclature was referred to the Executive Committee with power to act. The Executive Committee was also authorized to allow any committee to expend during the coming year any part of the appropriation made last year but not expended, if, in their judgment, such expenditure is desirable. It was also voted that the Committee on Research, Standardization, and Correlation, of the Business Depart- ment, be recognized as an applicant for an appropriation and its needs referred to the Executive Committee for such appropriation if the finances warrant. The reports of the Board of Trustees, the Treasurer, the Secretary, and the President were all presented to the body. Superintendent Carr, of New Jersey, as chairman of the Committee on Nominations, presented the report for ‘*.t committee, which was unanimously adopted. This carried with it the election of the President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, and Board of Directors as they appear on the first pages of this Bulletin. President Thompson, of Ohio, chairman of the Committee on Resolutions, presented their report, a portion of which, in the form of a message to teachers and citizens, appears in another part of this issue. After some discussion, in which a few changes were made in phraseology, the report was adopted. President Thompson then offered the following resolution which was unanimously adopted: Resolved: That we, the members of the National Education Association, do hereby express our most sincere and grateful appreciation of the hospitality of the city of St. Paul to the Associa- tion during this meeting. Our thanks are hereby expressed to the Governor of the State thru his representative the Lieutenant Governor, to the Mayor of the city, and to the Superintendent of Schools for their cordial official welcome; to the teachers and citizens for their welcome and considerate attention to the comfort and convenience of visiting teachers; to the Committee of Arrangements for its efficient and courteous attention to the innumerable details made necessary by the needs of the Association and for their intelligent co-operation with the officials of the Association. We recognize with thanks and appreciation the courteous services of the press of the city and the state, and the service rendered by the Associated Press and the United Press in giving nation-wide publicity to the proceedings of the meeting. We also express our appreciation of the musical entertainments provided by the committee thru the agencies of the putlic schools and for the Schubert Complimentary Concert so much enjoyed by an appreciative audience. We express our thanks to the Commercial and Civic Clubs for their open hospitality to members of the Association. The Association congratulates the city of St. Paul upon the abundant provision made for the meeting and our thanks are extended to all who in any degree contributed to the pleasure and success of the meeting. The following resolution was adopted by a rising vote: Resolved, That this Association recognizes with high appreciation the intelligent and devoted services of President Swain in administering the dutes of his office for the year now closing. His grasp of the problems before the Association; his sympathetic co-operation with officials; the dignity and grace with which he has presided at the meetings; his attention to every detail of the 12 tan ek a A BELT eN ————————— eee program and the unmeasured use of his time have won for him the admiration and respect of al interested in these meetings. The Association thanks him most cordially for his service wy wishes him abundance of honor in his future career. On motion of State Superintendent Joyner, of North Carolina, a vote of thanks was returned to the chairman and members of the Committee on Resolutions fo the careful, thoughtful, and able preparation of the Declaration of Principia which had been presented and adopted. The report of the Committee on By-Laws was presented by President Pearse, of Wisconsin, in the absence of State Superintendent Harris, of Louisiana, chajp. man of the committee: The committee recommended that the proposal to provide for the recall of officers of the Association be not adopted, which recommendatigy was concurred in; they recommended that the proposed amendment relating to! method of voting be re-referred for further consideration to the next anny meeting, which action was concurred in; they recommended that Section 3 g Article V read: “Each department shall hold its annual meeting at the time anj place of the annual meeting of the Association, except the Department of Superip. tendence, which may hold its annual meeting in February of each year, or at such other time as it may be determined by such Department subject to the approya of the Board of Directors of the Association”; they also recommended that action relating to the time of meeting of the National Council be deferred and the matter re-referred for report and action by the next annual meeting. This recommenia. tion provoked considerable discussion, in view of the fact that the Department of Higher Education had already started plans for a midwinter meeting and the Department of Rural and Agricultural Education had given notice that an ameni- ment would be offered at the 1915 meeting making it possible for that department to have a program at the February meeting of the Association. However, the report was adopted. Several minor changes in phraseology were recommended and adopted. Recommendation was made that the proposed amendment whereby the spelling in the printed matter of the National Education Association should conform to Simplified Spelling Board Circular No. 23 be not adopted. This recom- mendation was passed, but later in the meeting E. O. Vaile, of Illinois, gave notice that he would offer the same amendment one year hence. Notice having been given a year ago with regard to changing the name of the department known as the Department of Manual Training and Art Education, on motion of A. L. Williston, of Massachusetts, the name was changed to the Depart- ment of Vocational Education and Practical Arts. Joseph Swain, chairman of Committee on Teachers Salaries and Cost of Living, presex‘ed the report of that committee, which appears elsewhere. The Association expressed thanks to Commissioner Claxton for the interest which the Bureau of Education has taken in the work of the Committee on| Teachers Salaries and Cost of Living by publishing the report of that committee as one of the bulletins of the Bureau. The report of the Committee on Teachers Salaries and Cost of Living, recently | issued by the United States Bureau of Education as Bulletin 16, 1914, on “The| Tangible Rewards of Teaching,” will be sent to every active member of the Association. President Swain announced the appointment of the following Committee on Necrology: Tames M. Greenwood, Advisory Superintendent of Schools, Kansas City, Mo. Katherine D. Blake, Principal of Public Schooi No. 6, Manhattan, N. Y. t W. N. Sheats, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Tallahassee, Fla. Josephine C. Preston, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia, Wash. J. M. H. Frederick, Superintendent of Schools, Cleveland, Ohio. \\ wil abs Twe appt elec sho’ of t invé two mitt for! app asst the the Su to : of Re Pr fal tio su oval ‘tion atter nda- it of the end- nent ded reby uld itly | THE N. B.A BULLETIN 12 LK MEETING OF THE NEW BOARD OF DIRECTORS The meeting of the Board of Directors for the year 1914-15 was held in the wilder Charity Building, Saturday morning, July 11, at nine o’clock. In the absence of President David Starr Jordan, Vice-President Joseph Swain presided. Twenty-nine members responded to the roll call. A committee consisting of Messrs. Aley, Pearse, Joyner, and Greenwood was appointed to nominate persons to fill vacancies in the Council. The result of the elections appears elsewhere. Two nominations were made for trustee to succeed J. Stanley Brown: namely, J. Stanley Brown and Carroll G. Pearse. In the course of the speeches it was shown that opposition to the re-election of Mr. Brown had developed among some of the members at St. Paul, due to what was considered by them as a one-sided investigation of the merits of St. Paul as a meeting place. The vote stood twenty- two for Mr. Pearse and fourteen for Mr. Brown. George B. Cook, of Arkansas, was elected as a member of the Executive Com- mittee to succeed himself. The matter of the selection of the place of meeting for 1915 was a mere formality, Oakland, Cal., having been agreed upon a year ago. The recommendations transmitted from the annual meeting with regard to appropriations were ratified, and the Executive Committee was given power to assume responsibility with regard to the expenditures. The recommendations in the President’s address, which had been referred to the new Board of Directors, were ratified, as were the suggestions contained in the report of the Secretary. An application was received to have a new department established known as the Educational Publishers Department of the National Education Association. This was placed on file for action a year hence. A communication was received asking for the appointment of a committee to investigate the advisability of the same annual meeting time for the National Education Association and the Department of Superintendence. The same was authorized. Communications were received from the Departments of Rural and Agricultural Education, School Administration, and Higher Education asking permission to hold special meetings in connection with the meeting of the Department of Superintendence. They were referred to the Excutive Committee with power to act. The Secretary announced the receipt of two memorials from the associations of St. Paul and Minneapolis opposed to woman’s suffrage. The President was authorized to appoint a Committee on Physical Education in addition to those already appointed in connection with the Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education. On motion of Director Pearse, it was ordered that, in view of the fact that the President elected at St. Paul is absent from the country and will not be back until fall, the Acting-President be authorized to appoint some member of the Associa- tion to assist him until such time as the President shall return, the expenses of such person while so acting being paid by the Association. Later, Acting-President Swain appointed J. Stanley Brown. St. Paul, Minn., July 9, 1914 David Starr Jordan, Bank of Montreal, Limited, London, England. Elected president of National Education Association unanimously Congratulations. Wire acceptance. (Signed) Joseph Swain, President, London, England, July 10, 194 Joseph Swain, President, National Education Association, St. Paul, Minn. Honor highly appreciated. If | can serve the teachers, I will gladly do so. DAVID STARR JORDAN (Signed) David Starr Jordan. President, 1914-15 al INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF EDUCATION NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OAKLAND, CAL. ANGUST 16-28, 1915 At the Salt Lake City meeting a Commission was appointed on an International Congress of Education to be held in connection with the 1915 meeting of the National Education Association. That Commission consisted of all former Presi- dents of the Association, the Executive Committee of the Association, the United States Commissioner of Education, and ten others appointed by President Swain. Under the original appointment, Commissioner Claxton was made Chairman and Secretary Springer was made Secretary. The Commission has had two meetings, one at Richmond in February and one at St. Paul in July. At the first meeting of the Commission, its chairman was authorized to appoint an Executive Committee for the purpose of securing the assistance of a smaller number of persons in making the preliminary arrange ments. The Executive Committee had two meetings, one in Washington and one in New York in March and May respectively. The city of Oakland, where the meet- ing is to be held, provided sufficient funds for the extra expense involved in | connection with the International Congress, and Frederic BE. Farrington, of Teachers College, Columbia University, was selected as Executive Secretary to the general Commission, and given charge of the correspondence involved in connection with securing foreign speakers. The International Congress of Education and the National Education Associa- tion will meet in Oakland, Cal., August 16-28, 1915. Four days will be given to the general sessions of the International Congress, a meeting being scheduled for each morning, afternoon, and evening. The topics for these meetings are as EE TT ~~ *» = = @ 14. ional Usly. ce, 914, It | adly eee eed nal the ted ain. one vas the ge | MEMBERSHIP You will notice that the center sheets of this Bulletin are not numbered, and hence can be removed and used as indicated below. If a paster slip is attached to the blank on the next page, it indicates that your dues for the year 1914-15 have not been paid, and you are requested to fill out the blank and to return it with your remittance of two dollars at the earliest possible date. If a Delinquent Stamp is used, it indicates that your dues for 1913-14 have not been paid. A remittance of four dollars will carry your membership to June 30, 1915, and the Salt Lake City volume of Proceedings and Yearbook will be sent you immediately on its receipt. The third insert page contains an application blank for new active member- ship. If you are an associate member this year, you may -return us your mem- bership receipt and two dollars with the blank filled out and become an active member. A number of those who were present at St. Paul have done so since the close of the meeting. After the first year, the fee is the same, and all printed matter is sent to active members. ; If you are an active member, you are requested to pass the blank to some teacher friend who is anxious to keep abreast of the times, and to recommend that it be filled out. The Proceedings of the N. E. A. are the only publications cov- ering all phases of educational activity, and they are especially valuable because of that fact. Many of our members are able to attend only occasional meetings of the Association, but they secure thru the Proceedings an annual resume of the educa- tional thought of the country. If you are a superintendent, it is suggested that you use the blank on the fourth insert page by securing for active membership your school board or library (if not already a member). Plans are being formulated to make the Association more attractive to school-board members than ever before. The Department of School Administration is being revitalized and its programs will deal exclusively with school-board problems. The systematized commercial exhibit started at St. Paul will become of increasing interest each year as it is developed. It will be a good thing for our schools if one member of each board is present as its rep- resentative at each of the meetings of the Association, and another member is present at the meeting of the Department of Superintendence. If you are connected with a school which has a parent-teacher organization, suggest that it take out an institutional membership. The volume of Proceed- ings in the hands of the officers of such an organization would be valuable to the school. If—but why continue? The point is—Do something! The National Education Association is recognized as the most influential educational organization in this country. Its investigations and reports have had a marked effect upon our educational system. The reports of its Committee on Salaries, Tenure, and Pensions in 1905 and of its Committee on Teachers Salaries and Cost of Living in 1913 and 1914 have benefited more teachers financially than any other efforts in this country, and their findings have been the basis for a general increase in salary schedules. The Association needs the support of those who wish to benefit the schools or the teachers. An increased income means larger appropriations for committee work. Will it get it? We believe so. DURAND W. SPRINGER, Secretary N. E. A., Ann Arbor, Mich. Dear Sir:—I enclose, herewith, ................ for Two Dollars ($2.00) jp payment of dues for Active Membership in the N. E. A. for the year July 1, 1914 June 30, 1915. (0) Se a NOTE—By constitutional provision, and written agreement at time of enro}. ment, ACTIVE MEMBERSHIP CONTINUES unless WRITTEN NOTICE OF Djs. CONTINUANCE is sent to the Secretary BEFORE NOVEMBER 1. If any changes or additions are desired in the items of your enrolment as printed in the last published list (see attached slip), please indicate the same below; otherwise write “CORRECT” across the blanks and return at once. or MICHIGAN. 1898 GENERAL wee 4: B. Hutchins; Librarian, Theodore W. Koch, Ann Arbor. Desired Data Include: (1) Name (in full) (2) Titles of Degrees (if any), with date and source of each.............. CoC ee EHS HEHEHE HEHEHE HH HEHEHE HEHEHE HEHEHE HEHEHE HEHE HHH HHH HHEHHHE HEHEHE HSH EHH HOSE HEHE ES eeeeeeerreeeeeeeeeeeeee eee seeeeeeeeee ese eeeseneesenes SSCESRSHRSSTCHHESSHECSEHSSHEHSHSHHSHSHSHSEHESHSSHHSCEHOKESHEHEEHSHOEHEHHO HOKE SHSSSCSHE SCO HEE H OSES BESS eeeerereeeseses Address to which Correspondence and Annual Volume should be directed. ee a ee ee ea State ..:.sue Street and No. (4) EE Se) er I recommend the following for Active Membership: SL, eter l noid le askin clhsdie'e Seivkys and methods intended to educate the children in an intelligent and sympathetic ' ' ' ; ' ' ' } ; 22 TH. A Ba A. BULLETIN a aemeneeeene ne understanding of foreign affairs. The Association calls the attention of COlleges and universities to the opportunities for advanced work in such subjects. 3. The Association directs attention to the satisfactory results reacheg in the matter of physical inspection of children for health purposes. The sympathetic services of professionally educated nurses have commended the physical inspec. tion of children in our public schools to parents generally. The supervision ot this work by competent physicians has proved eminently satisfactory. The exten- sion of this newer form of increasing efficiency in the schools to the fielg of dentistry is regarded with favor and approval. The Association, therefore, expresses its commendation and approval of such inspection and its belief that, complete justification for this work will be found in the increased efficiency expenditures, in the conservation of health, and in the greater capacity of the chil to utilize the offered education. 4. Vocational Education: The Association reaffirming its former declarations upon industrial and vocational education as a phase of the general education needed in a democracy and commending the principle of vocational guidance under competent leaders, would declare itself in favor of a nation-wide system. The Association indorses the principle of federal aid for vocational education as provided by Congress. The Association views with disfavor any proposal of parallel system of schools exclusively for the trades and industries at public expense, but favors a comprehensive, unified system of public education, including all types and forms under the single administration of the constitutional authori- ties in charge of the public schools. The Association expresses its belief that a national system of vocational education, supported by funds from the nation, the state, and the local community, is an urgent need, is based upon sound economic reasons, and is in response to a public demand that should have prompt attention from legislative authorities. 5. Sex Hygiene: The Association, re-affirming its belief in the constructive value of education in sex hygiene, directs attention to the grave dangers, ethical, and social, arising out of a sex consciousness, stimulated by undue emphasis upon sex problems and relations. The situation is so serious as to render neglect hazardous. The Association urges upon all parents the obvious duty of parental care and instruction in such matters and directs attention to the mistake of leay- ing such problems exclusively to the school. The Association believes that sex hygiene should be approached in the public schools conservatively under the direction of persons qualified by scientific training and teaching experience in order to assure a safe moral point of view. The Association, therefore, recom- mends that institutions preparing teachers give attention to such subjects as would qualify for instruction in the general field of morals as well as in the particular field of sex hygiene. 6. National University: The Association expresses to the Congress of the United States and to the country its profound conviction upon the vital importance of education in sustaining and perpetuating a democracy. In any complete scheme the place and function of the university is obvious. The principle of federal aid to education is most cordially indorsed. The Association reaffirms its former declarations favoring a National University at public expense and under public control. The national system of colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts fostered by federal and state aid together with the state universities supported at public expense has reached a stage in development warranting the next step, namely, the completion of the system of public education by a National University. This University should be distinctly of a graduate character, devoted to research and investigation, not paralleling but supplementing, and co-operating with all other ee \\ sci me sul sc of ten. l of ore, at a of hild lic tne OR. SA. BU LEBTis 23 OOOO. OOOO OEE agencies for higher education in the advancement of learning, the promotion of science, and the development of the highest scholarship. The Association recom- mends that state and local organizations interested in public education bring this subject to the attention of their congressmen. 7. The Association approves a standard version of our National Songs as reported by the Department of Music Education in 1912, and presents to the Bureau of Education thru the Honorable Secretary of the Interior a request that an official version be authorized for use in schools. 8. The Association indorses and approves the plan of a larger unit in school organization and administration. It believes that the logic of events as well as considerations of economy and e'ticiency will displace the small district and recognize the county as the natural unit of administration supervising the township, groups of townships, or such other geographical divisions as would be suggested by community convenience. 9. The Association records with gratitude its appreciation of the services rendered the cause of education by the Bureau of Education and expresses its hope that the work may be enlarged and strengthened. This Association records its judgment that all the distinctively educational work of the federal government should be centered in and administered by the United States Bureau of Education and urges sufficient funds to enable it to become an effective clearing house for accurate information in regard to all phases of education and all educational agencies in this and all other countries and an official source of information on the problems of education in the several states and countries. Well-defined authority should be given the Bureau to enable a desirable co-operation with state and local educational authorities in improving educational conditions. To this end the Association recommends to the Congress of the United States thru the Honorable Secretary of the Interior an annual appropriation of not less than five hundred thousand dollars. The Association also recommends that a com- mittee of seven be appointed by this Association to assist in obtaining funds for the Bureau and to co-operate with the Bureau in extending its work in harmony with the purposes for which it was established. Respectfully submitted, W. O. Thompson, President, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Chairman. Charles E. Chadsey, Superintendent of Schools, Detroit, Mich. L. E. Wolfe, San Antonio, Texas. John H. Phillips, Superintendent of Schools, Birmingham, Ala. John R. Kirk, President, State Normal School, Kirksville, Mo. E. T. Fairchild, President, New Hampshire College of Agricul- ture and Mechanic Arts, Durham, N. H. G. W. A. Luckey, Dean, Graduate School of Education, Univer- sity of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr. P. P. Claxton, United States Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C. Arthur H. Chamberlain, Editor, Sierra Educational News, San Francisco, Cal. Francis G. Blair, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Springfield, I1I. Adelaide Steele Baylor, Assistant State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Indianapolis, Ind. Homer H. Seerley, President, Iowa State Teachers College, Cedar Falls, Iowa. 24 ' THE N. EB A BULLETIN aaa eI: WORK OF THE COMMITTEE ON TEACHERS SALARIES AND COST Op LIVING—1911-14. Under the direction of the Committee of the National Education Association op Teachers Salaries and Cost of Living, three extended studies have been prepared, The first of these is the work of Robert C. Brooks, of Swarthmore College, the second of Scott Nearing, of the University of Pennsylvania, and the third of James C. Boykin, of the United States Bureau of Education. Concluding its labors for the years 1911-14, the committee desires to present the following summary of these three reports and particularly to emphasize the manner in which they may be utilized by teachers interested in the investigation of salary conditions in their owp communities. I. In January 1913, the Association published the report prepared by Mr. Brooks in the form of a pamphlet of 328 pages, ten thousand copies of which have singe been distributed widely among members and teachers generally. The first part. of this report is devoted to a discussion of the measurement by economists of the increase in the cost of living. With the aid of the figures therein presenteg teachers should be able to ascertain whether their salaries have kept pace with the general increase of prices that, with a few minor interruptions, has been going on in the United States since 1897. The second part of this report presents a detailed study of the social and economic situation of the public-school teachers in five cities, Cincinnati, Hamilton, Denver, Atlanta, and New Haven. These communities were selected for intensive study by the committee, not because of any peculiar condition exist- ing there, but rather with the hope that the methods employed might prove sug- gestive and helpful to committees of teachers interested in the salary question in their own localities. Numerous inquiries which have been made since the appearance of the report indicate that this result has been attained. Briefly, it was endeavored to ascertain from the five cities mentioned what teachers of both sexes and of all ages and ranks had secured in the way of the material re- wards of life, and also what material burdens rested upon them. Topics such as the following were considered in detail: Number of children and other de- pendents upon married teachers; Burden of dependents upon unmarried women teachers; Home ownership and tenancy of married teachers; Residence and amount paid for board and room by unmarried teachers; Average salaries and other sources of income of teachers; Savings of teachers during the year under investigation; Value and kinds of property acquired by teachers; Life insurance and types of policies carried by teachers; Length of the schoolroom day and other demands upon the time of teachers; Educational and professional training of teachers; Relation of training, experience, and salaries; Expenditures of teach- ers for rent, clothing, insurance, care of health, and other purposes; Teachers’ salaries compared with the salaries of other municipal employees; and, finally, the opinion of a large number of teachers themselves upon the adequacy of their compensation in relation to the numerous special as well as ordinary demands made upon them. While many of the inquiries upon which this study was based were extremely personal and searching in character, information was freely given under the committee’s guarantee of confidence. It is believed that investigators working under properly constituted committees of teachers’ associations should be able sy an th st eenetrrnerprts 2 — THE N. BE. A BULLETIN 25 a S??00€0€0€0€0q0#0#0—$—~—>$0$0 S860 to secure similar data in any locality. Properly presented, and Mr. Brook's report furnishes an excellent model in this way, the relevance and effectiveness of such materials in any salary discussion is beyond controversy. An appendix to this first report also presented lengthy extracts containing all the more important parts of the teachers’ pension laws in force in the various states of the Union. This material was designed to aid teachers interested in the initiation or furtherance of pension plans by supplying them with ideas and legal forms bearing on the subject. Il. Under the direction of the committee, Scott Nearing, of the University of Penn- sylvania, prepared during the year 1913-14, a report on “The Public-School Teacher and the Standard of Living.” This study is now in manuscript in the hands of the committee to be offered to the National Education Association for publication in its proceedings for the current year. It was the purpose of Mr. Nearing in this study to present the standard-of-living-question which economists have raised regarding numerous groups of wage earners and to indicate as thoroly as possible how their methods may be employed in the solution of the same question as it applies to groups of teachers. “Apparently the time has come,” he writes in his Foreword, “when, in any city or town in the United States, public opinion must ask this question: ‘Are the salaries now’paid in this place sufficient to allow the teachers receiving them to live at the standard of living generally accepted as ad- equate in this locality and among the group of people with whom as teachers they are called upon to associate?’ ” While there is, of course, no universal answer to a question respecting the adequacy of given salaries to maintain a given standard of living, there may well be a universal method of procedure by means of which each community can se- cure the answer for itself. In the consideration of this method, Mr. Nearing pre- sents discussions of the following topics: What do we mean by a standard of living? Methods employed by social scientists in the study of the standard of living; Standard of living in the teaching profession; Measuring the standard of living; Estimating the cost of a fair standard of living. In this study, Mr. Near- ing devotes attention not so much to the minimum subsistence as to the “fair,” “normal” or “efficiency” standard of living. On this topic he says in part: The fair standard of living is now generally accepted as the social ideal. It was formerly taken for granted that if a family was provided with a mere subsistence, everything necessary had been done. During recent years, however, particularly in Germany, great emphasis has been laid on the maintenance of efficiency, as well as of mere physical existence. Starting as an industrial concept aimed at the preservation of the workers for industrial or even military purposes, the efficiency idea has spread into local fields, until there is a general recognition of the desirability of maintaining an efficiency standard in every walk of life. Nowhere, perhaps, is the need for efficiency greater than among the teachers who are called upon to shane the lives of America’s future citizens. In the case of the teaching profession, mere subsistence means little or nothing. The teach- er must be able to maintain not only physical and mental efficiency, but likewise a certain pro- fessional proficiency which can come only thru leisure time spent in reading the right books, in pursuing advanced studies either under direct instruction or by correspondence, in travel and obser- vation of places and methods, and in any legitimate pursuits which enable her to keep abreast of the times. In an extended appendix, there are presented illustrations of the methods and results of a number of the more fruitful recent standard-of-living inquiries. One of the most interesting of his contributions is a suggested schedule for the study of the standard of living among single woman teachers. 26 THE N. EB. A. BULLETIN a EEE Ill. Finally with the cordial co-operation of the Bureau of Education, the com. mittee was fortunate in securing the services of James C. Boykin, assisted py Roberta King, for the preparation of a report on “The Tangible Rewards of Teaching.” Proofs of this monumental study are now in the hands of the chairman, and it is to be issued shortly as a bulletin of the Bureau of Education in the form of a bulky pamphlet of 465 pages. In its eight chapters, Mr. Boykin presents jp compact form the salaries of teachers of all ranks in city-school systems, of state and county superintendents, and of rural-school teachers; extracts from the laws of the state relating to teachers’ salaries and to county superintendents’ salaries: salaries paid in universities and colleges, in state normal schools, in trade, manual training, and industrial schools, and in schools for certain classes of pupils, as e. g., blind, deaf and teeble-minded. An excellent 21-page bibliography of teachers’ salaries prepared by Bird T. Baldwin and Walter H. Mohr of Swarthmore College is appended, and the work is well indexed. The greater bulk of Mr. Boykin’s material, is, of course, given over to the gal- aries of teachers in the city-school systems of the United States. Thirty-four tables, occupying 296 pages, are devoted to statistics of this character. In most of these, cities are divided into groups based on population, and the number of teachers of every rank receiving each specified salary is stated, sex being indi- cated. “Every effort’ Mr. Boykin writes, “was made to secure and present a statement of every salary paid for teaching and for supervision in every city, town, and village in the United States in which more than five thousand persons re- side. Very few are not included.” The value of materials of this character as a basis for further salary studies can scarcely be overestimated. Suggestions dealing with this point will be pre- sented later. Meanwhile it should be noted that two broad and important lines of comparison are opened up by Mr. Boykin’s statistical collection. First of these is a possibility of a definite answer to the question as to wheth- er or not teachers’ salaries have kept pace with the increase in the cost of living. In 1905, the former Committee of the National Education Association on Salaries, Tenure, and Pensions published a great mass of statistics dealing with teachers salaries in all parts of the country for the year 1903-04. Mr. Boykin’s figures are for the year 1912-13. During this period of only nine years wholesale prices have risen 17.6 per cent, and retail food prices 25.9 per cent, according to the report of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment of the methods sug- gested by Mr. Brooks in the first report of the committee should enable students of Mr. Boykin’s report to ascertain where teachers’ salaries had increased more rapidly than the cost of living during the last nine years and where they had merely kept pace with it or fallen behind. Similar comparisons covering the whole period since 1897, during which general prices have been rising, are rendered possible by Table 22 of Mr. Boykin’s report in which salaries of teachers in a num- ber of larger cities are presented for a long series of years, in one case going back as far as 1834. Secondly, Mr. Boykin’s figures make it possible for teachers of any rank in any community to ascertain salaries paid teachers of similar rank in all other com- munities of about the same size and in the same section of the country. Compari- sons of this sort in the case of cities which have allowed their salary schedule to lag behind the times should make a powerful appeal not only to the sense of jus- tice but also to the local pride of schoo! boards. —_ tions matte whet! sure teres with it es and | this drav and whol wisd onda that in a will Mun g0g' thal the Tea cha sch alo oth the rie vol the of TEAR KR. KB A BPLEABRTEIN The Committee begs leave to present for consideration the following sugges- tions regarding the future work of the National Education Association in the matter of teachers’ salaries. a) Mr. Nearing has drafted the main outlines of an inquiry to determine whether or not teachers of certain groups are receiving incomes sufficient to in- sure them a fair standard of living. Wherever communities are sufficiently in- terested in this problem the Association suggests the application of his methods with the purpose of securing definite answers to this vital question. b) The extreme value of the raw materials collected by Mr. Boykin makes it essential that every effort should be made to have these materials thoroly studied and given the widest publicity in the interest of the teachers of the country. On this point Mr. Boykin himself writes: “No attempt was made (in the report) to draw conclusions or to institute comparisons. Even summaries, averages, medians, and all other customary accompaniments to statistical investigations are almost wholly omitted. With definite limitations of time and space it seemed the part of wisdom to present as much as possible of original material and to leave all sec- ondary studies for others. There is abundant opportunity for fruitful studies of that kind.” Two main lines for the study of this report are indicated above. But in addition it demands varied and thorogoing interpretation. Maps showing sal- ary conditions in all parts of the country could be based upon it. The committee will invite the co-operation of the Russell Sage Foundation and the Bureau of Municipal Research in this work, and also that of the graduate schools of peda- gogy, and teacher and other organizations. c) The National Education Association should pass a resolution cordially thanking the Bureau of Education for its extremely valuable co-operation in the preparation and publication of the report on “The Tangible Rewards of Teaching,” and requesting the Bureau to issue a supplementary report of similar character annually covering the changes in salaries made during the year. d) The committee should encourage the publication of local studies by school boards, associations of teachers, graduate students, and others not only along lines suggested by Messrs. Brooks, Nearing, and Boykin, but also along other and independent lines. e) The large majority of teachers are women, and as such are still without the right of suffrage in most states, therefore the funds from which their sala- ries are paid are under the control of officials in whose selection they have no vote. It should be clearly recognized by the National Education Association, therefore, that the relation of woman suffrage to the honest and fair adjustment of the salaries of women teachers is vital and immediate. f) The committee believes there should be equal pay for equal services. IS $eeoss * i ol