SPIRITUAL VALUES IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TWENTY-SIXTH YEARBOOK iitoii*; For mi f I inn e ni „L‘I J t > Public schools, (.manual ° f Mdl ‘ n lh ‘ school, provide ethical. esthetic. an, ohonat enpenences that help to elevate and liberate the human spirit. j Spiritual Values in the Elementary School I $T f 1 2 001 j _2006 j TWENTY-SIXTH YEARBOOK HE NATIONAL ELEMENTARY PRINCIPAL BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Vol. XXVII, No. 1 September 1947 Price $3 f THE NATIONAL ELEMENTARY PRINCIPAL /Bulletin of the department of elementary school principals Published in September, October, December, February, April, and June by the Depart¬ ment of Elementary School Principals of the National Education Association of the United States. All elementary principals—administrative, supervisory, and teaching—are eligible to active membership in this department. The payment of $3 dues entitles active members to attend all meetings of the department, to hold office, to vote, and to receive the Bulletins. Associate membership may be had by all members of the National Education Associa¬ tion who are actively engaged in any phase of school work by paying the regular member¬ ship fee of $3. They are entitled to all privileges except the right to vote and hold office. Subscription to non-members is $3 per year; single copies of the Yearbook, $3; October, December, February, April, and June issues of the Bulletin, 50 cents. Entered as second-class matter November 20, 1922, at the postoffice at Washington, D, C., under Act of August 24, 1912 Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized December 18, 1922. Executive and Editorial Offices, 1201 Sixteenth Street, Northwest, Washington 6, D.C. Eva G. Pinkston, Editor (The Contents of this Bulletin are listed m the Education Index) OFFICERS OF THE DEPARTMENT, 1947-48 President, Eugene H Herrington, Ebert School, Denver, Colorado First Vicepresident, Marjorie Walters, Harrison School, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Second Vicepresident, Edwon L, Riggs, Creighton School, School District 14, Phoenix, Arizona Vicepresident, Mrs. Blanche L. fchmidt, Box 426, Dos Palos, California yolrth Vicepresident, Mamie Reed, 9060 5 ladue Road, Clayton 5, Missouri fifth Viceprestdent, R. L. Booker, 1158 j porgas, Mobile 20, Alabama ecutive Committee lay mo n W. Eldridge, Lawrence School, Brookline, Massachusetts (1948) > Florence Gabriel, Malvern School, Mal¬ vern and Falmouth Roads, Shaker Heights, Ohio (1949) Laura E Kellar, Vanport City Schools, Portland 17, Oregon (1950) Thomas E. Pierce, Box 3771, Texas State College for Women, Denton, Texas (1951) ’ ' 1 ’ - Certification Division, Cassie F. Roys, Di¬ rector, 2609 Bristol St., Omaha, Ne¬ braska Life Membership Division, Herbert C. Hansen, Director, 1045 N. Lockwood Ave., Chicago, Illinois Executive Secretary, Eva G. Pinkston, 1201 Sixteenth St N.W, Washington 6, D.C EDITORIAL COMMITTEE, 1947 YEARBOOK feed V Ma B rch P 947 ? Sch ° 01, N ' W RocheIle > New York > chairman (De- Hazel Sizer, Central School, South Charleston, West Virginia W. George Hayward, Elmwood School, East Orange, New Jersey FOREWORD jr vs* oday the world is seeking for spiritual values to illiflMfne man¬ kind’s efforts to build a united, cooperative society. In this new search for spiritual values, what is the role of the school? This year¬ book adds little theory to the current discussion of this question; it is rather a casebook of practice. The point of view it represents was stated in announcing the book in 1945: Those values which,, whenattained, make a finer person, are spiritual values, be they^ generosity, fellow feeling, reiponsIBillty” integrity, appre ciation of beaufvi personal expression thru the arts, or some related quality of living. Spiritual values include the high mystical experiences of organized reli gious groups, a realm in which the public school does not operate. Spiritual values also include, apart from creeds, appreciation of the place of religion in human life—a realm in which the public school sometimes serves as a cooperating agent, in varying degrees of emphasis determined largely by the local community. Spiritual values further include ethical, esthetic, emotional experi¬ ences that help to elevate and liberate the human spirit—and in this realm the public school does operate. This^fktd type of spiritual values will be emphasized in this yearbook, jf The committe believes that the activities described 'in the yearbook are representative of the thought and effort now being given in elementary schools of the United States to the building of spiritual values thru experiences in good living. Sincere thanks are due to the authors, particularly to Glenn E. Barnett, who was asked to pre¬ pare Chapter VIII; to Eva G. Pinkston, executive secretary of the Department; to Hazel Davis, assistant director of the NEA Research Division; to Beatrice Crump and Geraldine M. Morgan of the NEA Research Division; to Gertrude P. Hale of the Daniel Webster School, New Rochelle, New York; and to Walter A. Graves and his co-workers of the NEA Division of Publications. The Editorial Committee t £ 5 ] , PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE I N choosing Spiritual Values in the Elementary School as the topic of the 1947 yearbook, the Editorial Committee seems to have foreseen the moral crisis that faces us today. As we turn from the passions of war to the confusion of reconstruction we sense with deep conviction the need for built-in values in human lives that will lead to individual self-realization at high levels, and to a creative society of brotherhood, peace, and security. Many people do not realize how great a contribution is being made by elementary schools in the realm of spiritual values. The school practices reported in this yearbook are not innovations; they are typical of what the best schools have always done. The particular value of this presentation is to give a new significance to certain activities that sometimes are pursued as ends in themselves rather than for their contribution to the spiritual growth of children. Another special service is to call attention to "those little unremem¬ bered acts of love, so likely to be crowded out in the terrific pressure of modern living, but so fundamental in human relations. It is hoped that all principals may find inspiration in these pages. May they place first things first by emphasizing above all else the creation of a school atmosphere m which children, principal, and classroom teachers may live in serenity and self-respect. The pleasure with which the Department presents the yearbook is tempered with sadness that the chairman of the Editorial Committee, Harold V. Baker, could not live to see its completion. It was due to his leadership that the topic was chosen, and his contributions appear thruout the volume. The description o£ the Daniel Webster School and of Mr. Baker's work there as principal gives some insight as to the loss occasioned by his untimely death. But it also gives us new inspiration for high endeavor in an office that holds daily oppor- tunities for life-building service. Marjorie Walters, President, 1946-47 Department of Elementary School Principals [«] CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD . 5 president’s message . 6 CHAPTER I, SPIRITUAL VALUES GIVE LIFE ITS HIGHEST MEANING 11 J Spiritual Values Give Life Its Highest Meaning. 13 Harold V. Baker CHAPTER II. THE SCHOOL PROGRAM AS A WHOLE CAN BUILD SPIRITUAL VALUES . 23 To Live Together Well Has Spiritual Value. 25 ' T. Allasina Building Esprit de Corps in a Rural School. 28 Sister M. Gertrude Ann Brown Developing Student Responsibility. 35 Margaret 0. Disc her Adventuring in Spiritual Development. 39 Elsie E. Green Creating a Friendly School. 47 Frank H. Lewis Clearing the School Atmosphere for Spiritual Release .... 54 Laura M. May Four Statements on Spiritual Values. 60 Gertrude E, McKeon Toward Inner Stability. 64 A. Marea Othmer Responsibility as a Means of Growth. 69 Clarence /. Roberts Developing Spiritual Values. 74 V Wayne T. Snyder Building from Within . 78 Katherine, G. Stains [ 7 ] PAGE CONTENTS CHAPTER IH. GROUP EXPERIENCES CONTRIBUTE TO SPIRITUAL ^ VALUES . Friendliness in the Lunch Period. Hazel M. Burley Group Activities Bring Spiritual Values. ^ Charles E. Butler „ OQ "Sweet Freedom’s Song . Erltng Frostad We Brought the Farm to School ... 95 Dan H. Gilson Las Posadas. Wilda C. Mette and Alta B. White Painting a Frieze and Building Spiritual Values. 106 Ross L. Neagley Teaching Ethics on the Playground. 109 Carl Neufeldt / The Right Kind of Homework Has Spiritual Values. 113 F. R. Park The Children’s Council Builds Character. 116 C. T. Thompson Developing Morale in a School Faculty. 120 Wilbur A. Yauch Schools of a Great City Seek Spiritual Values. 127 Erma E. Pixley, Amber Wilson, Maurice G. Blair, and others CHAPTER XV. THE INDIVIDUAL CHILD AND THE INDIVIDUAL TEACHER FIND SPIRITUAL GROWTH. 135 Teachers Think Together about Spiritual Values. 137 Bucks County Teachers’ Forum Some Ways of Creating Mutual Respect in the Classroom . . 143 C. H. Elliott Living at High Levels in a Large City System. 146 Mabel Kennedy [ 8 ] CONTENTS PAGE Case Studies in Ethical Values . 152 Thomas E. Robinson A Child’s Trouble, the Teacher’s Opportunity. 157 Herman Scbreiber He Who Conquers Himself. 159 F. B. Smith Light on Today’s Children. 160 Peter H. Snyder Whatever the Weather. 165 Juanita Steele Spiritual Values That Haunt the Memory. 168 University of Colorado Summer-School Students CHAPTER V. RELATIONS OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS IN BUILDING SPIRITUAL VALUES ... 183 Working with Community* Institutions in Developing Spirit¬ ual Values. 185 M. E. Coleman The Elves and the Shoemaker. 188 Vesta Haines To Work for the Blind Is To Think of Others. 191 Valine Hobbs School Camping and Character. 196 Peter H. Snyder What Values Shall We Cherish?. 201 Victoria Wagner CHAPTER VI. EVALUATION OF ATTAINMENT IN SPIRITUAL VALUES . 209 Evaluation in the Realm of Spiritual Values.. 211 Genevieve Bowen Teachers Evaluate the Educational Climate . 214 The MacArthur School Ethics Committee A Suggested Approach to Evaluation of Spiritual Values . . 222 Lester B. Sands [9] CONTENTS page CHAPTER VII. SPIRITUAL VALUES IN THE DANIEL WEBSTER SCHOOL. 227 Spiritual Values in the Daniel Webster School. 229 Staff Members CHAPTER VIII. LOOKING FOR SPIRITUAL VALUES: A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION. 241 Looking for Spiritual Values; A Summary and Interpretation 243 Glenn E. Barnett SELECTED REFERENCES . 251 AVAILABLE YEARBOOKS OF THE DEPARTMENT. 251 SPECIAL BULLETINS OF THE DEPARTMENT. 252 RECORDS AND INFORMATION. 253 List of Members, 1946-47 ..•. 254 State Associations of Elementary School Principals. 339 Sectional Associations' of Elementary School Principals . . . 340 Local Associations of Elementary School Principals. 343 Index of Persons. 347 Subjpet Index. 349 [10] Chapter I SPIRITUAL VALUES GIVE LIFE ITS HIGHEST MEANING I The world needs better people and the schools can help ,/ in developing them. Healthy bodies and alert minds lay a foundation for good living but they are not enough. The directions toward which the good body and the good mind are turned are what give life its meaning and those direc¬ tions are determined by spiritual values.^ ^ Schools have a profound responsibility for providing , experiences for children of all ages that will lead them into lives of rich appreciations, creative expression, noble aspiration, and self-directed, cooperative service and leader¬ ship. Definite planning by wise teachers and principals makes these experiences possible. In this chapter the chairman of the Editorial Committee explores the significance of spiritual values in planning the program of the elementary school. Those values that, when attained, make a finer person, of more value to one’s self and to others, are recognized as spiritual values. They are developed thru creative experiences and stunted thru nega¬ tive experiences. It is the responsibility of the faculty to become keenly aware that spiritual values are at stake in everything that a child does in his school living, to study the effect of existing school practices, and to develop a school atmosphere and program that will help the spirits of children to grow into something fine. Spiritual Values Give Life Its Highest Meaning By HAROLD V. BAKER 1 Principal, Daniel Webster School, New Rochelle, New York G ood elementary schools do much more than help children to grow in knowledge, skills, and health—important as these are. In good schools children are helped to live on a high plane. They learn to understand and to believe in themselves; to get in tune with others; to have consideration for others; to enjoy learning; to appre¬ ciate and to gain satisfaction from competent achievement by them¬ selves and others in skills, the arts, music, and literature; to begin to understand that there is order in the natural world that the mind of man can regard with reverence. People sometimes say that the schools should develop spiritual values, not realizing how much the schools already are doing. For millions ,of children the schools provide ethical, esthetic, and emo¬ tional experiences that help to elevate and liberate the human spirit. Usually these experiences come as the result of definite planning by wise teachers and principals.- Sometimes negative experiences occur because of lack of planning and lack of understanding. Where the most satisfactory school climate exists for the growth of spiritual values there is likely to be an understanding of the meaning of spiritual values, of how they are developed, and of the responsibility of the school for their development. What Are Spiritual Values? There is much that an individual can do to make himself a better human being, of more value to himself and others. He learns to do these things thru association with people, ideas, ideals, and institu¬ tions. It may be said that in these actions and associations he is attain¬ ing spiritual values. Those values which, when attained, make a 1 Deceased, March 2, 1947. [ 13 ] 14 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS finer person are spiritual values, be they generosity, fellow feeling, responsibility, integrity, appreciation of beauty, personal expression thru the arts, or some related quality of living. Spiritual values cover a wide area. Part of the area is identified with the church and organized religion. But confusion arises if people restrict the meaning of the word "spiritual” to make it synonymous with the word "religious.” The point of view bask to this yearbook is that spiritual values are not limited to the realm of religion. Spiritual values in the elementary school, as discussed in this year¬ book, are in no way inconsistent with religion but they represent an area of spiritual values that does not depend upon religious sanctions. Something more is meant than ethics, morality, or esthetics. These latter words refer to systems or concepts that have been formulated on the basis of human experience but may be external to a given individual. Teachers are not concerned with ethics or esthetics for /heir own sakes but they are concerned about the spirits of children. The learner is a unit who should be growing toward individual and social maturity in many ways and one of those growing points is the human spirit within him. This it is that seeks perfection, is satisfied only with excellence. The idea of spiritual values may be associated with the idea of living on a high plane. A human being has many needs and functions in common with the lower animals but he has insights, aspirations, and possibilities that are uniquely human. They represent spiritual values that are to be attained by good living in the natural world. Ideals of justice and cooperation, love of beauty, intellectual curiosity —such values and appreciations develop in human living. Efforts to be more explicit as to what is meant by spiritual values lead into the dangerous path of trying to catalog qualities; the qualities overlap and they never entirely cover the field. One explana¬ tion of the term "spiritual values” in the same sense that is used in this discussion emphasizes these qualities as being characteristic of good living in a democratic community: cooperation, self-denial, tenacity, self-sacrifice, courage, kindness ("kindness provides the friendly warmth so necessary for all growing things”), generosity, SPIRITUAL VALUES GIVE MEANING 15 sense o£ duty, loyalty, justice, freedom, sensitivity to beauty, creative thought, and sharing in a common cause. 2 Another organization of these ideas mentions the following as among the spiritual values the school should seek: respect for per¬ sonality, increasing control over one’s own destiny, loyalty to demo¬ cratic group life, esthetic sensitivities and enjoyments, and moral fiber. 3 These listings do not fully define but they serve to illustrate what is meant by spiritual values. ^ How Are Spiritual Values Developed? ^Virtues are learned thru experience. A boy may learn, for example, to accept increasing control over his own life by many experiences in which he and his classmates feel zest and satisfaction in making plans and in assuming responsibility for carrying out activities that are important in the life of his group. The same boy, in a different setting, might learn to depend increasingly on other people to con¬ trol his life, by many experiences in which he finds that praise and status come to him if he keeps silent except when called upon and if he readily obeys the teacher’s directions without asking or caring why the directions are given. The learning occurs when the experience brings satisfying results and is acceptable to him because of the satisfaction that he feels. Each day the boy learns something that helps or hinders him in accepting control over his own living. His learning may be negative. He may be learning to accept responsibilities and to follow thru with shabby performance. If his classmates and his teacher have different sets of values, he may be learning habits of defiance or deception, encouraged by the approval of his classmates; or, with wise teaching and a healthy school situation, his learning will be positive. But, in either situation, learn he will. Altho spiritual values are unseen, they influence conduct that can be observed. Children develop spiritual values by observing and shar¬ ing in the conduct of adults or other children \Vhom they admire. 2 Brubacher, John S. , editor The Public Schools and Spiritual Values. John Dewey Society. Seventh Yearbook New York Harper and Brothers, 1944, p 16-26. 3 Op. at., p. 124-28 16 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS A child may come from a drab and colorless home to a school where beauty is valued. In such a school, dark paint in corridors and classrooms has been replaced by pastel tints. Children's art and repro¬ ductions of great paintings are on display, and are changed often. Pottery, tinted glass, and small sculptures—not too many—are found in classrooms and offices; they, too, are moved from place to place and admired and commented upon in each new setting. Art materials are plentiful for creative activities by the children. Teachers and pupils are fascinated by the charm of rhythmic motion in games and folk dances. Color and line are noted in sky and earth visible from the school windows and the playground; birds, trees, and flowers are watched thru the changing seasons. Something happens inside the child as such experiences are shared in months and years of school living. He sees and is stirred by beauty that, without this learning, he might have missed all the rest of his life. Some children spend six years or more in the elementary school without learning that learning can be fun. Mastering a new process— in arithmetic, in art, in the use of books—can be a zestful experience, especially when the process is one that is needed in completing some undertaking in which the class is engaged. "To make good” or "to come thru when needed” are high goals in the child world. As each individual learns to play his part his whole personality grows and warms under sunny smiles of approval. Thus the individual grows spiritually in his love of his fellows and his sense of obligation to the group. The skilful teacher senses the spiritual value that derives from successful achievement in any phase of school work. Intellectual insight and creative thinking bring a thrill to the thinker, whatever level of accomplishment he has reached. If the experience is renewed at successive levels of maturity, the child learns to use his best abilities with confidence. The learner is always encouraged to do his best, and to do something better than what used to be his best. The school- sets the stage for experiences in successful achievement and helps the child to make the most of them. Positive spiritual values develop in a favorable atmosphere. Edu- SPIRITUAL VALUES GIVE MEANING 17 cators have no choice as to whether or not the value systems o£ chil¬ dren are to be Influenced by school practice; but educators do have a choice as to kinds of influences they will seek to develop. What Is the Elementary School’s Responsibility? Men are working in different waj>$ to meet the world’s need for good people. The school is only one of many forces; no one group has a monopoly. The home has an influence; the. school has an influence; the church and other groups have an influence. It is a principle of good spiritual development, however, that the indi¬ vidual not be torn by divergent forces and influences. The over¬ lapping efforts must be going in a common direction. Religious teachings, for example, are not a responsibility of the school; but should the schools be rightfully accused of failing to lead to better living, that would be a serious charge and just ground for severe criticism. The first responsibility of the elementary school in developing spiritual values is for the teachers and principal to be keenly aware of the fact that some kind of learning is going On constantly either to build up or tear down spiritual values. The life directions of chil¬ dren are being changed, for better or for worse,'by this learning. A second responsibility is for the faculty to be aware of its own values and to study the school environment and particular adminis¬ trative and instructional procedures to see what values are being developed and what values are being thwarted. Is it essential, for example, to develop a sense of community and mutual respect among pupils? If it is, what does the school do to encourage fellow feeling and cooperation? Do any of the school practices or activities create snobbishness or unfriendly competition? Is it important for each child to develop a sense of belonging, of being useful, of being wanted? If it is, if these feelings build the individual ego without which spiritual values fall on barren and shallow soil, what does the school do to build self-respect and con¬ fidence? Does any practice tear down a child’s faith in himself? A value usually held to be basic in democratic education is to lead 18 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS children toward a love of freedom combined with a sense of responsi¬ bility for making wise choices in the exercise of freedom. One might say that it is inconsistent with this emphasis on individual responsi¬ bility for a teacher to be shaping classroom practice toward spiritual values that the teachei has decided upon in advance without con¬ sultation with the learners. There is no inconsistency, however, be¬ cause the teacher who holds the love of freedom and the acceptance of responsibility to be important will help the children to understand, to be aware of alternatives, and thus to be free to choose wisely. The third responsibility of the school is to develop the school atmosphere and school program that will help the spirits of children to grow into something fine. The child must be accepted at school just where fie is when he comes from home—from the first hour he should know that in this school he really belongs and really counts as a person. But there should be no doubt on the child’s part that the school expects him to be an excellent person. Adults in the school should treat children with courtesy and con¬ sideration. An adult can give a child a feeling of dignity by listening attentively to what he has to say, by giving him time to express him¬ self, by assuring the child who needs reassurance that he can do better another time, and by giving recognition to a child who does some¬ thing exceptionally well in terms of what he is able to do. The child should know the principal and the teachers as his good friends, with whom he can feel secure and confident. "Every teacher has spiritual effect on his pupils in many ways.” 4 Sometimes a teacher who is only average in intellectual attainments has helped children grow into fine human beings thru showing respect, love,' and interest in each child. The school should be a serene place. Such simple things should be considered in the school as avoidance of cluttering, reduction in the number of pictures in corridors, responsibilities of the proper size, and simple programs that do not excite everyone. Even in a school building that is not beautiful in itself a love of the beautiful can be learned. Children can become so conscious of beauty that they will not deface property. Children can learn to re- * Brubacher, John S , op, at , p 123 SPIRITUAL VALUES GIVE MEANING 19 spond inwardly to music, both in hearing it and in creating it. The power of music to enrich the lives of children is so great that schools should do far more than at present to surround children with the beauty of sound. A collection of good records makes it possible to greet the children with inspiring music as they enter the building in the morning. In band, orchestra, and glee club, boys and girls can learn the loftiness and depth in music thru creating it themselves. What is done is less important than how it is done. Many things will be done differently when the spiritual growth or possible spiritual stunting of the child is clearly taken into account as one of the out¬ comes of every school activity. To evaluate spiritual development is difficult but not impossible. An older boy, after working with a group of younger children, was asked what, if anything, he had learned. His reply was "Patience, and how!” He did not need a formula to evaluate his experience, but he did need to know that patience was something to be learned. If the desired values are known, there can be some conscious evaluation of growth toward them. And further, there must be faith that there is more spiritual growth than is apparent on the surface. One person, after thirty years, still responds to the challenge of the teacher who said, "John promised to do this for us and you know that if he promised, he will do it.” Many teachers whose former pupils have become adults have been told of remembered classroom experiences that have been lifelong sources of strength. A schoolhouse was the scene of surrender at the close of hostilities in April 1945. No more fitting place could have been found in which to end a war. The school seeks to build and to make a better world. It is a place of hope for the future. Let the people of the world turn to schools everywhere to build, thru children, the spiritual values needed for a better world. The member of the Editorial Committee are taking the liberty of adding to the foregoing statement several quotations from letters written 20 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS by Mr. Baker over a period of weeks in 1945 while the outline of the yearbook was being developed. Informal and unstudied tho they are, they throw additional light on the meaning of the yearbook topic, as thought of by the Committee chairman. In these letters he was defending the use of "spiritual values 3 * in the title rather than some other phrase and was explaining further what he had in mind as to the scope of the book. I realize fully that "spiritual values” is a ticklish topic to handle. That doesn’t mean we should be afraid of it, we should just lie as careful as possible. It was ticklish for the Wright brothers to try to fly, but look what we have today because they were willing to risk it. . . . I gave thought to the list of titles. Only one, at the moment, appeared as possible to me, "ethical and esthetic values in the elementary school,” but I am not yet ready to trade. In my work here I am not so much concerned with ethics and esthetics for their own sakes but I am really concerned about the spirits of children. I like your "blur of sweetness and light,” It Is a fine expression. That may be all we can accomplish, tho I hope we tan dn much better. But the world needs a lot more sweetness and light, even if it comes in a blurred form. . . . To me a child has a spirit, and we in the schools can do much to help that spirit grow into something finer and finer. That is why up to the present I have such a longing to hang onto the word "spiritual.” It is true that a child should have "ethics” and "character,” but, to me, those are something from without, while the spirit is something already within. An ethical value may have little worth, but a child’s spirit has tre¬ mendous worth. . . . As yet I am not afraid of the linking in the minds of others of "the public schools and spiritual values,” with "religion and the public schools.” We have all been very fuzzy in our thinking in that regard. Possibly we can help to clear things up. It appears to me that if spiritual values are to be attained at all, they must be attained by living in the natural world, and the public school is concerned with living in the natural world. Some things, of course, must be left to the church, but possibly not as much as we once thought. ... SPIRITUAL VALUES .GIVE MEANING 21 This yearbook will make a contribution if it does nothing more thajn clarify issues and definitions. Even a well-known professor of elementary education in this area was talking to me the other day and implied that one could not think of spiritual values without considering religious education. Spiritual values cover a wide area. Part of that area belongs to the church and organized religion. But the school can work in far more of that area and still be within American traditions than is generally believed. . . . What does the elementary school do that makes an individual a better person? That is the theme of the yearbook. Maybe we can even help some of the others—the home, the church, community agencies—to do their job a little better. . . . We can serve an important purpose by demonstrating that this is an important part of elementary education. Some teachers are afraid to hold up the class in arithmetic problems to deal with a child’s problem; when they deal with spiritual values they sometimes feel that they must work it in as something extra. This is an important thing to do in itself. . . . Tool subjects do have laws, and these are to be learned and under¬ stood. But we are most interested from this viewpoint in what their mastery and use will do for the "spirit” of the child. Someone who has developed a wonderfully expert method to teach some skill in arithmetic will tie that up and never think of what has happened to the inside of the child in the process and of course that is what we are most interested in, rather than the attainment of a certain degree of skill. . . . We can do far more than we are doing in the twelve years we have in the public school to live with each child. What the school can do in the realm of spiritual values is to open doors for the human spirit. Some pupils enter them; some do not. ... To me, in the matter of evaluation, the most important thing is to set up the values so clearly that they will be recognized. Then even a child can do, in some rude fashion, his own evaluation. . . . 22 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Important in this connection is the question as to whether the child has achieved his best. Mr. ——- wrote me asking how we evaluate the social growth of kindergarten and primary children. That is really part of our problem, and I find it isn't too easy to answer. But we do know when children show social growth. . . . Something happened yesterday which might be appropriate. In the kindergarten where a new child who had never before been in school was visiting, in order to become acquainted with the kindergarten before entering school next fall, she looked up at the teacher after having had some experience in the room and said, "You’re nice—like my mother." For my own spiritual nourishment I sat in the auditorium all alone yesterday afternoon while a sixth-grade girl was practicing on the organ; but how can you get that into a yearbook. . . ? Spiritual values do wither in transit. We will have to try to clo the best we can and get them into the yearbook in as fresh a fashion as possible. . . . Spiritual values will be high in this building tonight when seventy or more children give an instrumental program that will almost take one’s breath away. It has gripped many an adult so he sat with tears in his eyes. It is the best thing of its kind I have ever known for children nine to twelve. I know it emphasizes spiritual values. The heart of the spiritual task . .. is the organization and the main¬ tenance of a community that makes possible a good life for all of its various members. . . . Schools . . . can be considered positive forces in the spiritual life of the American people only to the extent that they strengthen, and do not weaken, the democratic community . ■JOHN L. CHILDS Chapter II THE SCHOOL PROGRAM AS A WHOLE CAN BUILD SPIRITUAL VALUES The elementary school is a place of beginnings for likes and dislikes that lead to the setting up of life values. The right kind of school can start a child in the right direction. Many schools actually do raise the levels of living in their communities by the influence they have on the lives of individual pupils. It is important to recognize that this kind of- school experience is significant in itself—not something to be squeezed into the school program over and above the essentials but something that is itself essential. In this chapter overviews are given by eleven different authors of efforts to develop school programs as a whole in the direction of building spiritual values. Emphasis is given to encouraging friendly cooperation among children from many cultural backgrounds, developing a sense of responsibility thru progressive assumption of heavier tasks, giving many opportunities for the appreciation of beauty and for creative expression thru the arts, building a sense of esprit de corps and pride in all the cooperative activities of the school, promoting mutual respect and kindness in all the human relationships in the life of the school, and maintaining a school atmosphere of happiness and serenity. Public schools, Cinchwitli, Ohio The right kind of school can start a child in the right direction. To Live Together Well Has Spiritual Value By T. ALLASINA Principal, Bailey Catzert School, Seattle, Waihington B ailey Gatzert School is located in an area of low incomes in which there has been much transiency during the past few years. The community at one time was nearly 100 percent Japanese. When they were evacuated their places were taken by many groups. A low- cost housing project, limited to families with incomes not above $1500 a year, sends many pupils to the school. Most of the city’s Chinese children and many Negroes are enrolled. In 1945-46 the 850 pupils included 125 returned Japanese, 110 Ne¬ groes, 85 Chinese, 60 Filipinos, and a few Indians, Hawaiians, and Mexicans. Perhaps because there is such a mixture, the children them¬ selves do not seem to be especially race conscious. In his first year as principal of the school, the writer was sur¬ prised to find that the problems, great as they are, seem no greater than one finds in other school districts. They are perhaps different but also challenging and fascinating. A favorable environment is provided by the school building, a large beautiful brick structure having twenty-five teachers in grades from kindergarten thru the sixth. Well-equipped gymnasium, audi¬ torium, and special rooms provide opportunities for group activities and services. Of even greater importance as a favorable factor in this period of teacher shortage is the faculty. All of the teachers have been in the building for some years except three new recruits. Most of the teachers are adept in handling various groups and races. Race problems were discussed at the first teachers’ meeting. Special thought was given to the return of the Japanese children. The prob¬ lem was attacked with the idea of recognizing contributions made by all races. In the music classes, art, social science, and other fields, [ 25 ] ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 26 the various contributions were stressed. These good qualities were pointed out during assemblies. American Education Week a Focus for Group Spirit This year seemed an opportune time to present a pageant in which all groups would be represented and their contributions stressed in building the United States of America. The proposal was discussed in a teachers’ meeting and decided upon as a part of the celebration of American Education Week, along with an open-house event. Each teacher contributed, thru her group, the part of the pageant that was being discussed in her classes. The narrators were prepared in the reading classes, the songs were learned in the music classes, and'the dances of each nation were mastered in the physical-education classes from the primary thru the sixth grade. Social-science classes dramatized the periods of develop¬ ment, such as the "Pioneer Days” and "Development of the West.” The second grade studied Indians and contributed the Indian dances. The Chinese children chose to sing the "Chinese National Anthem.’’ 1 A chorus of Negro children sang Negro spirituals. The Japanese derided on a dance in colorful costume, while the Hawaiians gave the "Song of the Islands.” 2 All in all, a beautiful pageant, "Americans Ail,” depicted the part played by all nationalities in building a glorious United States of America. The groups were proud of their contributions. The spirit displayed „by the participants proved, the value of the performance. A capacity crowd enjoyed the performance, all races being well represented and pleased. Thru performances of this kind a friendly spirit can be fostered and racial discrimination reduced to a minimum. All the children feel proud to belong to the Bailey Gatzert School. The Spirit of Thanksgiving For the all-school assembly before Thanksgiving the children pre¬ sented several plays which portrayed: the feeling af thankfulness for peace. 1 Guenther, Felix Anthems of the United Nations. New York: Edward B. Marks Music Corporation, 1942. p, 8 2 King, Charles E Song of the Islands. New York Edward B, Marks Music Corporation, 1915. TO LIVE TOGETHER WELL 27 A third-grade group enacted the flight of the Pilgrims to Holland and America and ended with a prayer for freedom of worship. An interesting version of Thanksgiving was given by a fourteen- year-old Chinese boy, recently brought over from Okinawa by Ameri¬ can soldiers stationed there during the war. He read a story he had written, "Why I Am Thankful on This Thanksgiving.” Christmas and the Spirit of Joy The Christmas season is a wonderful opportunity for spiritual values in a school. Various means can be employed to enhance the feelings of reverence and joyful sharing. During the week preceding Christmas, the music classes took turns singing Christmas carols in the main hall. Two assemblies were held; each group enacted the "Christmas Story” with a large chorus supplying the music. It was arranged in this manner to accommodate parents who wished to come, as the auditorium is not large enough to receive all the patrons at one time, On entering the lobby one observes a beautiful picture, with a caption to fit the picture. The picture is changed frequently. Usually the subject is a religious one and the significance of the picture is discussed in classes Altho the major emphasis is on the art value, the religious value is also recognized in seeking to understand the true spiritual meaning of the picture currently on display. As the year rolls on, the aim in the school is to develop in everyday activities and experiences the spirit of responsibility and cooperation that is expressed in the motto of unknown authorship lettered on one of the school bulletin boards: I believe in hands that work, Brains that think, And hearts that love. Building Esprit de Corps in a Rural School By SISTER M. GERTRUDE ANN BROWN, O.S.F. Head, Education Department, and Director of Stu¬ dent Teachers, Briar Cliff College, Sioux City, Iowa R ural life provides an ideal laboratory for the teacher who wants _ to develop spiritual values in her pupils. If she is able to recognize and to appreciate the privilege of teaching in an environ¬ ment conducive to spiritual growth, she will find in a rural area many opportunities for promoting the ethical, the esthetic, and the emotional development of her pupils. Unless the teacher herself is thoroly imbued with these values, it will be futile for her to attempt to develop them in her pupils. The purpose of this article is to show what can be accomplished thru the influence and leadership of a teacher or principal in whose personal life spiritual values form an integral part and whose zeal for sharing these values with others makes her worthy of the name teacher. Starting with Attitudes Ann Hurley is principal of the Burnsville Consolidated School. Burnsville is a typical small town of a thousand inhabitants. The consolidated school draws half its pupils from the town population and the rest from near-by farms. When Miss Hurley was appointed principal at Burnsville, she realized that.conditions would be some¬ what different from those she was used to in a city school; but she loved the country and welcomed the opportunity of working in a rural district, away from the noise and commercialism of the city. She was prepared for the inconveniences, and handicaps of a small school, but her first faculty meeting revealed an unexpected prob¬ lem—the other teachers did not share her enthusiasm for rural life. Some considered themselves martyrs who were sacrificing their abili¬ ties out in the "sticks” for boys and girls who would never amount to anything more than farmers like their parents. Other teachers ESPRIT DE CORPS IN A RURAL SCHOOL 29 took a jovial attitude about having to turn "hayseeds” for another period of nine months. Miss Hurley could foresee the attitude of the children upon whom these teachers had been exerting their influence for several years. Her expectations were confirmed the first day of school. She noticed that pupils from the farms had a pronounced feeling of inferiority, while those who lived in town had a supercilious air that bespoke contempt for anything rural. After several months of persistent effort and tactful suggestions, Miss Hurley succeeded in awakening the teachers to the positive aspects of rural life and-to a desire to give the children of Burnsville an appreciation for the better things in their environment. They spent their faculty meetings planning ways and means of developing spiritual values in the lives of their pupils. Miss Hurley’s enthusiasm and encouragement was largely responsible for the achievement of this end. By keeping in close contact with what was going on in each classroom, she was able to note a gradual but remarkable growth and improvement in the right direction. Planning Emotional Development Because so many of the farm children were ashamed of their occu- pational status, they displayed emotional disturbances that could be remedied only by getting at the source of the trouble. The teachers tried to increase the children’s feeling of security and self-confidence by emphasi2ing the importance and the dignity of farm life. Miss Hurley stopped at the sixth-grade room one day when the children were having a lively discussion on the question of whether or not one needs brains to be a farmer. "What do you think about it, Miss Hurley? asked one little farm boy who was strongly upholding the affirmative. "Why of course farming requires intelligence, that is, if you want to be a good farmer. In fact, there are so many phases to this business of farming that one should have a good education as well as a good mind in order to be able to solve effectively the many problems with which a farmer has to deal.” 30 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS "But, Miss Hurley, don’t most people believe that all farmers are stupid and uneducated?" asked Jimmy Simmons, whose father owns the only department store in Burnsville. "People who don’t know any better sometimes make statements like that, but any one who stops to think will realize that farming is much more complicated than holding a job in a factory, for exam¬ ple. There are so many different things that a farmer has to know and so many decisions that he has to make." Miss Hurley then launched into a discussion of the kinds of farm problems that call for intelli¬ gence and skill. Besides building up the self-respect of each child, the teachers worked hard on developing respect for others. Many children came from homes that lacked cultural training and even the ordinary social amenities of daily life. This only increased their feeling of inferiority. Miss Hurley and the teachers planned the school calendar so that the children had many social functions where they had an opportunity to put into practice correct forms of etiquette. Several times when the parents were invited to teas and entertainments at school it was evident that the social usage learned by the children at school carried over into the home. Introductions were made easily and correctly; table manners, too, corresponded at least to the basic principles of accepted form; and the children revelled in playing the part of hosts and hostesses to their parents and teachers. . A child’s attitude toward his schoolwork has a decided effect upon his emotional stability. If he hates his classes and can see no reason for doing the work of the classroom, he will make little or no progress and probably will develop undesirable character traits because of his failure. Therefore, it is important that the type of curriculum offered in a school fits the needs, interests, and abilities of the particular children concerned. Miss Hurley recognized this deficiency at the Burnsville School. Before she began her second year as principal, she succeeded in adding several new courses that are of special value to farm children. A course in arts and crafts was introduced for the seventh- and eighth- grade boys. The principles learned in this class, as well as the actual 31 esprit de corps in a rural school productions, resulted in artistic furnishings and practical equipment in the homes. This activity also served as an excellent means for creative expression. Some pupils whose personalities had suffered from repeated failures in other classes, "found” themselves in arts and crafts. They developed initiative, perseverance, a sense of re¬ sponsibility, and most of all, a feeling of achievement that gave them a new hold on life. The seventh- and eighth-grade girls were given a course in foods and clothing, which achieved many of the same purposes that the course in arts and crafts did for the boys. Stress was placed upon the nutritive values in the different foods, and planning balanced meals. The problems discussed were mostly those of the farm wife, and many of the girls’ mothers became so interested that they asked the teacher of home economics to conduct a night class for their benefit. In the study of reading, arithmetic, social studies, and language, more emphasis was placed on the interests of rural children. For instance, the pupils learned to write business letters by actually order¬ ing such things as garden seeds and flower bulbs. Their floor talks centered around their daily experiences on the farm or town. The problems in arithmetic had to do with the buying and selling of farm produce or similar phases of business farming. The social and emotional development of the Burnsville children made rapid progress after some form of organized recreation was provided. Until Miss Hurley made her appearance at Burnsville, there was no form of organized recreation for the school children out¬ side of school hours. Juvenile delinquency was exceptionally high for a small town. Before long, Miss Hurley influenced the members of the town board to convert a certain zone into a playground and to provide supervision for its use after school hours and during the summer months. In the winter time, the school gymnasium became a recreation center. Folk dancing, singing, one-act plays, card games, and other activities provided some form of entertainment for the whole community. There was no dearth of home tsjlent, and every¬ one from the youngest first-grader to oldest pioneer took part at some time or other. Besides the enjoyment of wholesome recreation, 32 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS > hiany less tangible but more important effects were evident in the form of personality development, social adjustment, and emotional maturity. Developing Esthetic Values Miss Hurley believes that a love and appreciation for beauty in any form is part of the development of spiritual values. Many of the experiences that contributed to emotional development also im¬ proved the children's esthetic sense. The classes in arts and crafts developed the pupils' artistic sense in home furnishings and interior decoration, altho on a very elementary level, of course. In the foods and clothing classes they learned how to set a table artistically and how to dress according to good taste. But only the upper-grade chil¬ dren took these courses, and Miss Hurley was convinced that one should begin in the kindergarten to give children an appreciation of beauty. Consequently, every grade included music appreciation, chil¬ dren’s literature, and art in the weekly program. To begin with, the school had no record player nor records of classical music. To make a start, one teacher brought her machine to school, and several others contributed records. Later the schoolboard provided a record player and more records. A schedule was worked out so that every grade had at least one period a week when the children could listen to classical music. It took almost a year before they showed signs of real appreciation and enjoyment, but then their love for good music seemed to grow by leaps and bounds. When Miss Hurley took an inventory of the library books, she knew that she had to take immediate action regarding the purchasing of some worthwhile children’s literature. Most of the boys and girls were satisfying their desire for stories by reading the comic maga¬ zines, Western stories, and cheap series books that they passed from one to another. They were not familiar with the children's classics that thrill so many youngsters. Each teacher arranged for a literature period at least twice a week; some managed to have one every day, during which they read aloud for the pupils’ enjoyment some of the choicest books in the field of ESPRIT DE CORPS IN A RURAL SCHOOL 33 children’s literature. More and more children began to ask where they could get books like those their teacher read to them. This de¬ mand resulted in the organization of a central school library, stocked with new story books for , children of every age and interest. Books were borrowed from the state library and the county library to aug¬ ment the number newly purchased. In order to develop in the children an appreciation for art in pictures, the teachers made use of materials at hand. Several class¬ rooms had good pictures hanging on the walls; others were purchased so that each room had at least one acceptable reproduction of a beautiful picture. Early in the school year the teacher in each room acquainted her pupils with the story behind the masterpiece and something about the artist. The children enjoyed repeating this ex¬ planation to visitors and to pupils from other rooms. The pictures were changed from room to room. By seeing these pictures every day, the children received a more lasting impression and became better acquainted with the masters and their works than if they saw the pictures only during an art appreciation class. Also, more attention was given to encouraging imagination and creative activity in art in the pupils themselves. The teachers noted how the children carried into their homes the esthetic values they learned at school. Walls that had been cluttered with cheap pictures were given a new coat of paint and then adorned with one or two pictures that had become special favorites of the children. leaching Ethical and Religious Values A child’s moral development requires careful consideration by parents and teachers. Unless he has correct ideas of right and wrong conduct, and unless he is given worthy motives for living a good life, his actions will be governed by expediency rather than by principle. The principal of Burnsville School believes that in order to develop spiritual values in children, it is necessary to go to the Source of goodness, beauty, and truth. From her the children learned to raise their hearts and minds in reverent thanks when they saw the beauties and wonders in nature. One day the second-grade pupils presented ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS ’ 34 Miss Hurley with a booklet that they had made. It was entitled "We Thank You, God." Each page was devoted to one particular gift for which they were thankful. The children’s illustrations and sentences showed how the development of spiritual values had be¬ come an integral part of such classes as art and language. Activities and classes in citizenship provided occasions for empha¬ sizing the importance of practicing such virtues as obedience, charity, justice, honesty, truthfulness, and patience. The children found many opportunities thruout the day for making these qualities a part of their lives. Of course there were violations of good conduct at times, but usually the social disapproval of the rest of the children was so strong that the teachers did not have to say much to the offender. Conclusion To imbue our pupils with spiritual values is a gigantic task. Thru the concerted efforts of the whole teaching staff and with the leaden ship of a principal whose own life is characterized by spiritual values, the end can be achieved, at least in part. The rural teacher who is willing to dedicate her efforts and talents to the noble cause of de¬ veloping spiritual values in those under her charge will find new meaning in Shakespeare’s words: And this our life, exempt from public haunt, Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, Sermons in stones, and good in every thing. Poems, paintings, statues, scientific systems, and philosophies are achievements by which man has expressed and satisfied his dis¬ tinctively human love of beauty, intellectual curiosity, and search for goodness—in short, those passions for perfection which in their sum constitute his spiritual nature. —RALPH BARTON PERRY, One World in the Making Developing Student Responsibility By MARGARET O. DISCHER Puncipal, Lakeside School, Pine Bluff, Arkansas T he sense of responsibility is not one of mushroom growth, nor is it a tool that an amateur can use succesfully without some training or experience. Its development accompanies the growth of the child; and, like character building, its progress is influenced by environment. During the child’s early years, the home environment provides this necessary training. At the age of six, the school shares the problem. With such an important charge laid in its lap, how can the school best fulfil its obligation? Let the Duty Fit the Child An ingenious teacher will create situations calling for the child’s own judgment and decision. When the first grade gave a tea for their parents, the children had complete charge. They were given a certain amount of money with which to purchase the refreshments, paper tablecloth, napkins, and cups, and returned the change to their teacher. One six-year-old staunchly refused to let his mother accom¬ pany him as he set out in the rain to buy candy for the party. At the tea each child introduced his guests and escorted them to the ''tea table.” The thrill of responsibility at six! Opportunities for developing student responsibility in the class¬ room are numerous. Most common of these is the monitorial system where pupils are assigned special duties such as watering flowers, feeding the fish, erasing the boards, caring for the library, being host to visitors, distributing materials, and performing errands. Children guided by the teacher can take over the room decoration, bulletin boards, assembly programs, and make plans for the day’s routine. Care must be taken, however, that these assignments and duties do not become unpleasant tasks, haphazardly performed. By attach¬ ing an air of importance to each office and praising work well done, the teacher can encourage each one to a better fulfilment of his re- [ 35 ] 36 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS sponsibilities. Also, she must see that responsibilities are 'shared among all the members of the class. Completing daily assignments is the most common responsibility given children and the one most often evaded. Here the teacher is truly challenged. Her problem is to seek the cause of any negligence and to provide an incentive to see the task completed. Responsibilities that are natural outgrowths of schoolroom situa¬ tions are most effective. Measuring the softball diamond after the grounds have been graded and laying off the boundaries for a new outdoor basketball court give the arithmetic lesson a new importance. Caring for the room becomes more significant when the children discover that the janitor is ill and all are called upon to help. Opportunities are not restricted to the classroom. In a school where the principal depends upon student help in the office, the students may become proficient in their duties and render great service to the school. Names of the office helpers and their periods of duty are posted. Different responsibilities are assigned thruout the day. A stu¬ dent chairman is in charge of the group, sets up the schedule, and sends a substitute if the regular helper is absent. Students who forget to report at the office at the appointed time or neglect their own class work forfeit the privilege of continuing office service. Occa¬ sionally a situation arises when the student is forced to rely upon his own judgment. Such an incident came up recently when the principal was out and an eighth-grade girl was on office duty. A small girl entered the office and asked permission to use the telephone. Annoyed at getting the wrong number and confused answers, the child angrily faised her voice at the unknown listener. The office girl quickly intervened. In her most pleasant tone, she offered explana¬ tions and apologies to the other end of the line, then broke the connection and got the correct number for the little girl. Responsibilities for Leadership One important opportunity for developing responsibilities lies in service on the traffic squad. This work is a service to the community as well as to the school. But providing safe conduct for the children is only one of the duties. The traffic squad stands ready to serve when- developing STltDENT responsibility 37 ever help is needed: maintaining playground order, assuming definite stations during fire drill, protecting school property, arjd in general, promoting good school spirit. To gain one of the coveted positions is every boy’s secret ambition. Once attained, he works earnestly to fulfil his obligations and hold his post The position is a challenge to the best in the boy. Occasionally, qualities of marked leadership are uncovered. Such was the case of Walter, a tall, awkward country boy with no outstanding talents, except eagerness to do his best. He was given a traffic post as a challenge to overcome his shyness Public schools, Glendale, California Responsibilities that ate natural outgrowths of schoolroom 38 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS and lack of confidence. The response was almost miraculous. Walter fairly blossomed out under the responsibilities of his office. His devo¬ tion to duty, friendly manner, big smile, and ready hand endeared him to teachers and pupils alike. Perhaps the greatest test of student responsibility is the carrying on of a class without a teacher present. One school became particularly interested in such training and tried it out in all the grades. The children loved it and rose to the challenge of the responsibility placed upon them. They conducted opening exercises, checked roll, collected lunch money, and made out lunchroom reports. Occasionally the teachers made it a point to be absent when the morning bell rang, in order that the students might exercise this responsibility. Once, when an emergency arose, a class was left to its own resources for an hour until the substitute arrived. The class president took charge and opened a discussion of current events which was followed by a special report previously assigned. The responsibility placed upon the leader and each member of the class was so clearly understood that these children worked at their highest level of performance. Opportunities for All Opportunities for pupils to exercise significant responsibilities are not numerous, and should be rotated. It is well, also, to provide general duties that can be performed by the entire student body. In the cafeteria, each child can help by disposing of his paper napkin, straw, and milk bottle top as he leaves the table and placing the empty bottle in the rack as he starts up the stairs. He can make it a duty never to pass by a piece of paper on the school ground without stopping to carry it to the trash container. He can give information and assistance to a visitor in the halls. Above ail, he must always remember that he is just one of many, with responsibilities to share, and that it is important for him to do his part. Children love responsibility. They come to school with a feeling of importance and in a receptive mood for achievement and recogni¬ tion. They must not be disappointed. Providing opportunities that will satisfy this urge and help children to discharge satisfactorily the i-A«r»rknciKi1itipc rvf livirwr ic o rVia 11 pn crp nn school n iTiOro Adventuring in Spiritual Development By ELSIE E. GREEN Principal, Whittier School, Washington, D.C, T hat "the song is to the singer, and comes back most to him” is a well-known axiom. Certainly, as we live serenely in our large city school, we are eternally grateful for the constant evidence of pupil and teacher cooperation in efforts to make and keep our school a happy and beautiful place. Organized for Service Neat, dignified Boy Patrols hold weekly meetings with their teacher adviser to consider the character and standards of their serv¬ ice to their school; to plan for better assignments and replacements; and to organize occasional safety drives and talks to the younger children whose safety is their especial concern. Upper-class girls, known as the Girl Aides, hold similar weekly meetings with their teacher guide to plan for service assignments in lunchrooms, corridors, playground, and lavatories, where they, too, assist in caring for the well-being of younger pupils. Members of the Milk Service Corps recently were honored in as¬ sembly for their loyalty, dependability, and good manners in serving the milk for the midmorning lunch and later collecting the bottles. Their slogan, We Deliver Health at Whittier,” recognizes the large aim toward which their humble duties are directed. Their teacher sponsor was as proud as they were of the appreciation displayed by the students for the unglamorous service so well rendered. It may be added that this midmorning lunch provides a pleasant social situation for developing good manners among our younger pupils, and that the little "grace” before eating represents growth toward desirable food attitudes. The student council of the school, composed of one boy and one [39] 40 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS girl from each class above the second grade, meets weekly with the principal to plan for improvements which can be made on the part of the pupils and to bring up problems that are interfering with the welfare of students. These meetings bring together many points of view from older and younger groups and from both sexes. The coun- Tublic schools, Vallejo, California Members of the Milk Service Corps recently were honored in as¬ sembly fWtheir loyalty, dependability , and good manners in serving ADVENTURING IN SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT 4 l cfl is serious in its feeling of responsibility for school operation and standards. This spring the fourth grades organized rotating inspection squads for constant surveillance of the cleanliness of building, walks, and grounds. Since these children had been the chief offenders, thru carelessness, we note a growing feeling of responsibility among them for good appearance of these areas. Interrelationships of older and younger children in these building service groups have promoted better understanding among age levels, as well as a joyous cooperation in a program of responsible service to the school. Their constant critical evaluation of school appearance and procedures has made them alert to its needs and potentialities. Within most classrooms, also, on.e discovers more or less formal room service clubs, whose ever-changing officers and committees are charged with duties concerning class management of materials, use of time, and personnel, problems. Their weekly meetings include discussions that are sometimes very frank. Woe to the roving-eyed cheater, the light-fingered lifter, or the petty prevaricator! Here in these smaller groups are determined the cultural patterns of proper behavior, and pupil opinion stands behind its own code of what is right and what is wrong. Responsible Play If Waterloo was won on the playing field of Eton, our organized P a y program should win some future victories of peace. Under a teacher director, children play happily on a well-laid-out playground, where there are many circles, courts, and other areas for games like ™’ ^ d ° dge bal1 ’ VOlle >' ba11 ’ h °P scotch > J°*P r °pe, and s ufHeboard. Uot only physical prowess, but fair play, rotation of players, teamwork, and thoughtfulness are much encouraged. Recently a boy hit the ball, then threw the bat high behind him without looking, and began running to the other bases. The flying bat it a spectator pupil and chipped a front tooth, bruising his mouth. 42 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS The whole group instantly stopped the game, gave first aid to the injured boy, and then publicly, one after the other, rebuked the boy who had caused the injury. "We have often tried to make you play carefully,” they said to him, "and this time to make you remember, we are all going to give up the use of bats on this field for a whole week.” They reported their voluntary penalty to the principal and kept their word. One seldom sees a more chastened child than the one against whom the group votes their displeasure. The injured boy, himself, felt called upon to express publicly his forgiveness. Courtesy Counts Emphasis on good manners has contributed greatly to desirable relationships. Early in the fall, our first floor bulletin board displayed a three-dimensional poster, depicting a "Good Manners Parade,” wherein one child carried a banner inscribed "Excuse Me,” another marcher had a placard with "Thank You,” and others carried banners with familiar phrases of courtesy. This poster, planned and executed by an upper class, served as a long-time reminder that polite words and thoughtful behavior oiled the wheels of academic progress and group living. An assembly program followed soon, when groups of children dramatized problems of etiquette and showed the "right way” to overcome them. So conscious did our children become of the re¬ quirements for good manners that the principal was not too surprised when a breathless fourth-grader one morning dashed into the office to say, "Look, here’s my cousin Carmen visiting, and I’d like to in¬ troduce her to my class, but I’ve forgotten just how! Please tell me what to say!” Along with the correct word usage, however, we have tried to make sure that the children understand that "politeness is to do and say the kindest thing in the kindest way,” and that thoughtfulness of others is the real basis of good breeding and goodwill. Helping To Carry the Load Thru these room and building procedures, we have developed a wholesome esprit de corps and sturdy public opinion among the ADVENTURING IN SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT 43 members of our student body, which places first value on truthfulness, fair play, generosity, cooperative service, and thoughtfulness. Feeling of responsibility for the school is high. Also, there is a sense of self-respect evident among the pupils, due to the fact that each child feels conscious that his special suggestion or service con¬ tribution is valued. The principal was not at all surprised when she found on her desk recently the following note from a fifth-grade pupil: Dear Miss Green: I was extremely pleased when I visited another school to see their May Day If possible, sometime, when you are not busy (if ever), I would like to see you and talk about it, and what I think would be lovely to do for our own May Day next year. Please call for me any time you are not busy. Truly yours, Anna Long, Room 312 Building thru Books Personal spiritual growth has ensued, also, from more esthetic experiences. Many of our teachers have realized the powerful influ¬ ence of character-forming literature, and have used prose and poetry for developing understanding of varying emotions, moods, and per¬ sonalities. From loan collections of library books, and from careful selection by the instructors themselves, the children have entered widely into reading programs that have provided for direct assimi¬ lation of high ideals and noble attitudes. In their reading and discussions, they have come to know and understand many different personalities; they have had to evaluate opinions and types of conduct; they have become acquainted with a wide range of emotions which will open the way for better wisdom in dealing with other people, and in judging effects of other en¬ vironments. Increased social sensitivity and knowledge of culturally approved patterns of behavior are byproducts of this vicarious ex¬ perience. In their book hours, our teachers realize they have in their hands a tremendous potentiality for influencing the character, moral standards, and spiritual values of our children. Not long ago, the principal arrived in a classroom where the Poetry Pleasure Club was about to take over. The real enjoyment which 44 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS these children showed as they shared poems from the New England poets about their rock-bound land was sincere, and a great step towards understanding of life in this area. These same children later learned the spirit of the West from Arthur Guiterman’s ’’Pioneer" 1 and "The Oregon Trail.'"' After all, do we not understand mostly from the heart, and is not the poet often the true leader to heart wisdom? Other poetry groups in our classes have from time to time drawn the pupils into greater appreciation of loveliness in birds, flowers, or trees, and greater awareness of the grandeur of sea, stars, and moun¬ tains. We do well to make strong our defense against cheap and trashy publication and low-grade commercialized recreation. We try to fill our children’s hearts so full of appreciation for the joys and beauties of the world that loss of material possessions may never disturb their peace of life on a high plane of abundant living. Two dates are eagerly awaited by pupils and parents alike: the March story-telling program and the May poetry-sharing program. Two separate assemblies are held each time: one in the morning for primary classes; one in the afternoon for the upper school. The younger children tell such old favorites as "The Three Pigs," "The Ugly Duckling," or "Hans Who Made the Princess Laugh," and enjoy simple poems of William Blake, Rose Fyleman, and Walter De La Mare. The older pupils delight in adventures of Robin Hood, Arabian Nights, and legends of remote lands. Their taste in poetry ranges from Joyce Kilmer’s "Trees” to Holmes's "Old Ironsides" and Read’s "Sheridan’s Ride.’’ Participants on these programs are chosen by their classmates for adherence to class-made standards of excel¬ lence, embodying points such as selection, voice, enunciation, feeling, and poise. Listening and Looking for Beauty Several music lovers’ clubs exist in our school. Thru listening to fine recorded music, and discussing its moods, its picture-painting, and its composition, many children have broadened their understand* Winstafco* ? 934 Ce T '’ 3 94 nd CarIlsler Laura compilers. My ?ape, two, three, Robin, robin, sing to me! 3 The kindergarten children are invited to sing. The others become appreciative listeners while the sweet faint voices of the very young¬ est sing about the robin. The melody is so catching it is easy to swing into a chorus with "loo,” then "laa,” or softly humming. The cares of the day are for¬ gotten, the harsh words of a playmate are forgiven, and the world looks bright to all. With the return of the robins, the pussy willows appear. On a tour in a neighboring park how much will be added to the child’s experi¬ ence if, while bending over and touching a pussy willow, the child can sing: ‘Glenn, Mabelle and others, compilers. Listen and Sing, Boston Ginn and Co , 1 £>36 "Wind Song, p. 15 , s Crowmnshield, Ethel. Songs and Rhymes for Little Ones. Springfield, Mass Milton Bradley Co., 1931. "Robin." p. 14 . 92 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS > -rV;'.;::: !• ■■••■v- ■ v j i. ■>* b$^jjj§; Cl'IV? v., ih^h :• •" C-C'; V •■'"•■■■v;- '■ j ?»W/c schools, Fieepoit, hew Yoiit Boys and girls can learn the loftiness and depth in music thru creating it themselres. In the early days of spring Pussy willow, pussy willow, When the birds begin to sing Pussy willow, we find you. And you wear a velvet gown Pussy willow, pussy willow. That is soft as eider down Pussy willow, we love you . 4 * Baker, Clara Belle, and Kohlsaat, Caroline Songs for the Little Child. New York' Abingdon Press, 1933 , "Pussy Willow,” p 26 . SWEET FREEDOM'S SONG 93 The thrill of circus day may be heightened by singing the following: We aie going to the circus Can’t you see the big parade. We will buy some roasted peanuts And drink pink lemonade. Great big elephants Marching two by two, And some funny little monkeys That somehow resemble you . 5 Songs from other countries speak a friendly language. All singers think kindly about Russia while singing the Russian lullaby: Sleep my beauty, close to mother, Hush my baby do. To your cradle comes a moonbeam Darling just for you." During war years school children were urged to save, buy war stamps, and help to win the war. To help little minds encompass this thought there was a pause for the report of the Student Council Savings Committee. Each room was called in turn to report on the week’s savings total. Before this report they sang: Little children, little children, Look up in the sky. See the airplanes, hear the airplanes, Flying swiftly by. Little children, little children, Buy your stamps today, That’s the way to help your country Win the war today . 7 Today we sing of peace time activities in which the children share. The director now calls for all the birthday boys and girls for this week. Johnny, Jean, and Mary come to the front. A child’s birthday is important He feels important while being introduced, "This is “Words adapted to melody of "Oh! Susanna,’’ ” ^rordorij Dorothy Around the World in Song. New York: E. P, Dutton and Co., 1933. K-ussian Lullaby," p, 70-71. ’Frenkel, Inge "Victory Song” New Songs jor Schools at War. Published by the Education Section, war Finance Division, Treasury Department in cooperation with the Music Educators National Conference of the National Education Association, Washington, D C. Superintendent of Documents Government Printing Office, 19^3 p 6. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 94 Johnny.” The group responds with the familiar "Happy Birthday” song. In response to the tribute, Johnny smiles and says politely, "Thank you, boys and girls.” The birthday child may sing in reply: 1 I thank you, I do; I thank you, I do. I thank you, dear classmates, I thank you, I do. Special greetings are given to new pupils. Coming to a big strange building is a hard experience for young children. All newcomers are taken the first day on a tour of the building by the Student Council Tour Committee. At community-sing time of the first week they are introduced to their classmates. A few welcoming words by the prin¬ cipal, giving name, former school, present grade, and room make the new student feel at home. The group as hosts feel a responsibility for making strangers feel comfortable. There is always time for an action song. This type of song adds gayety to the program and is something to teach at home to younger brothers and sisters, or even to mother and father. The children rec¬ ognize the tune of today’s song and get ready to act the parts: This old man, he played one, He played nick nack on my thumb; Nick nack paddy whack, give a dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played two, He played nick nack on my shoe, . . . 8 and on the song goes, up to the number ten. Closing as we began, we turn to a song in praise and appreciation of our country. Our sign-off song is "God Bless America, Land That I Love.” All children are standing, singing a glowing tribute to the best country on earth, and asking the blessing of God. As the bell rings for lunch and the classes leave, the children are still singing down the corridors, happy in the thought of cooperation expressed in song. 8 Gould S. Baring, and Sharp, Cecil J English Folk-Songs for Schools. London J Curwen and Sons (24 Berners Street, W ) "This Old Man," p 94-95. We Brought the Farm to School By DAN H. GILSON Principal, Highland School, Oakland, California D uring the fall of 1941, the Horace Mann School experienced a marked increase in transiency. Most of the children on the move were from small towns or farms in other states. Few had any feeling of belonging here; most of them were terribly homesick. Our problem was threefold: 1 To have each child and family that moved in realize that the school was theirs and that they were part of the community 2. To have the old guard of native sons accept the new children and recognize their value to us 3. To provide an instructional program for every child. How To Make the Outlanders Feel at Home? What could we do? Increase our library? Ask new mothers to come to parent-teachers association? (Most of them were working and could not come.) Make our school and classrooms more attractive? Create a homelike atmosphere at school? Many of the newcomers’ homes were trailers or tourist cabins. We did increase the number of good books in the school libraries. The public library sent us several hundred books for two months at a time. We selected well-illustrated books that should have been loved by rural children. But many of our recent arrivals were poor readers; some did not read at all. We started a class in remedial reading and brought many of the poor readers up from two to four years in their reading ages. We added linoleum rugs to several rooms and the teachers fairly moved their living rooms into their classes. A child care center was started for the children of working mothers—housing, feeding, and entertaining them from six to six, with four or five hours of school thrown in for good measure. Two playground directors were [• 95 ] era- ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 96 ployed for after school and on Saturdays. We tried in many ways to give these children some touch of home life. Still the newcomers stood on the outside looking in. Mothers who worked oil the swing shift and could get to the school activities came m and accused us of not teaching anything, complained of their chil¬ dren being called "Okies” or "Arkies," and refused to believe that we were even accepting their children, much less trying to absorb them. In years gone by, trips to the county farm were possible each year, for the classes that were studying farm life During these tours of poultry sheds, dairy and horse barns, and pigpens, the children from rural communities had found many opportunities to explain (even to teachers) the reasons for various processes in the care of the farm animals. These trips had been the means of giving the rural children a sense of status in the group and of arousing their interest and self- respect No excursions to the farm were now possible because of war¬ time rulings on transportation, but the idea was there Fortunately, the faculty was anxious and willing to try anything—so the fun began. Animal Adventures Every animal that could be secured for any length of time was either rented or borrowed. In order of their first appearance from 1942 thru 1945, came a black and white cocker spaniel and five pup¬ pies, a ten-day-old calf, a setting hen, a cow and three-day-old calf, a mare, a two-month-old pig, a mare to be shod by a blacksmith, an or¬ phan colt, a mare and colt, a duck, a 357-pound hog (named Horace, in honor of the school!), a 32-pound turkey gobbler and his smaller sister, a nanny goat and her triplet kids, and a black-faced lamb. Many of the animals made return visits. We always had a few rabbits, dogs, kittens, white rats, and guinea pigs brought in by children. Once we had a mother opossum with two babies. So the animal adventure was not entirely new. We never had more than one animal at a time—that is more than one kind of animal. It or they would be brought to school for some particular class that was studying the farm, foods, or transportation. That class, in turn, acted as caretaker and guardian and invited all of the other classes to see their guest. 97 WE BROUGHT THE FARM TO SCHOOL Horses and Cows Fortunately, there is a vacant lot directly across the street from the school. Large animals could always be tied there. The blacksmiths that shod the horses were quite doubtful at first of the educational value of their work, but after each had come once, he never had to be coaxed again. One of the men formerly did the Public si bools, Oakland, Calijorma The cow came to the school many times. horseshoeing for the local street, fire and police departments. The blacksmiths were generous with their time and talk, answering many questions as they worked. Each class got to see one shoe removed, the hoof trimmed, the new shoe heated red hot, then fitted to the mare’s hoof, cooled, and nailed on. Then the hoof was smoothed and the job complete. A keen ob¬ server could tell at a glance which child was familiar with the odor of burning hoof. After the mare, Gypsy, was shod, she gave the nursery, kinder¬ garten, and first-grade children a ride—two at a time. The doubling up served two purposes. It saved time and helped the little ones to 98 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS be brave. Some especially lonesome out-of-stater always served as the hostler and did he (or she) swell with pride at being the author¬ ity on correct horsemanship! A big moment came when the hostler was asked to ride. The children always begged, "Now you ride, please ride.” By the time all of the babies had been jogged about the yard, Gypsy was ready to stretch out. She loved to run, reined perfectly, started galloping from the first jump, and stopped instantly at command. Anyone who had ever ridden a ranch-horse would love her. The boys and girls who rode her at school "unattended” received a lift that could hardly have been gained in any other fashion. The cowand her successive calves came many times. If the milking demonstration had been planned for Tuesday at nine, and all of the primary children had come at that time, old Bessie was milked— rain or shine. On three occasions in one semester, because of rain, she received top billing in the school auditorium. At each demonstration, several eight- to twelve-year-old children who needed help and recog¬ nition did some milking, too. They had been carefully selected ahead of time, tho they did not know it. Once, after the cow was milked at school, her milk was kept there, the cream allowed to rise and butter was churned from it. The clabber was drained and made into cottage cheese. Another time, the milk and cream were used to make ice cream which was frozen in the classroom. The ice was put into a barley sack and broken to bits by using the flat side of an axe "just like my big brother did back home.” The three main "crankers” were allowed to scrape the dasher and eat the cream from it. Horace the Comedian Hog Horace’s pen was easily arranged by backing the horse trailer, in which he rode, between an open gate and the corner of the yard—thus giving him shade and straw to lie in, and at the same time affording children ample opportunity to see him and reach thru the fence to scratch his back with sticks. The fence had steel pickets spaced about six inches apart. Horace s most fascinating trick was his ability to straighten out his WE BROUGHT THE FARM TO SCHOOL 99 curled-up tail whenever his back was scratched. Next came his trick of tossing his trough several feet into the air when he had eaten all that he wanted. House Guests All the animals except the horses, cow, and Horace had a pen in the school basement. The gratings that go over the basement windows made an excellent fence and the long sheet-metal basin used for the sandtable served as floor protection. This inside pen was easily con¬ structed and easily cleaned. The fact that all of the animals were very gentle made the problem of corrals an easy one. The nanny goat and her triplets were the only animals that were penned up inside the classroom. She liked to butt, so we tied her to a closet doorknob and let her little kids out in the room once each hour. The other classes were asked to come to see the kids’ antics. The old Hippodrome Circuit never put on more shows on a one-day-and- night stand than did those baby goats. They did fancy juggling with paper boxes and even stood three deep on a large orange box just like the tigers in the circus. "It Made the Children Laugh and Play” The black-faced lamb, Pat, was the prize. He looked more like a Walt Disney cartoon than the real thing. Pat began his educational career at the age of three weeks, nursing eight times a day from a bottle, with ecstatic tail gyrations that were the joy of all beholders. He became county famous, having appeared at various service clubs, at twenty-one schools, and at the Alameda County courthouse He proved definitely that the crossword-puzzle makers are correct in stating that a lamb says "Maaah” and not "Baaah.” His caretakers were many and varied. Each child wanted to be his nursemaid overnight. His homes were garages, dog houses, base¬ ments, bedrooms, chicken houses, bams, school halls, and kinder¬ gartens. Few mothers shared their offsprings’ enthusiasm, but Pat always managed to find a place to sleep. The setting hens stayed the longest and were the least care—yet their accomplishments were the most miraculous. The lower-grade 100 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS children made calendars and marked off the days until hatching time. Twenty-one days is a long time for six- or seven-year olders to wait. Yet, the time did pass The hen would sit tight for the first few days, then come off to eat, drink, cackle, and scratch for a few minutes each day Public schools, Des Moines, Iowa Children received pure joy from contacts with the animals. The eggs were set on the same day that the local hatchery filled its incubators, the reason being that dogs sometimes got into the building and upset old Biddie so that she either left or broke her eggs. The hatchery owner made it possible to slip more eggs under the hen so that she hatched out in the established time. Finally, with the aid of one or two older farm children and the principal, each child in the "sponsoring” class got to hear a little chick peeping in its shell before even a tiny speck of hole was visible. WE BROUGHT THE FARM TO SCHOOL 101 From then on, the stages o£ working thru the shell and drying out caused many "oh’s” and "ah’s.” Nothing can match the effect upon human beings that is caused by a hatching chick or a newborn animal. The chicks remained for several weeks in their hall pen. Their feeding and care remained the responsibility of the sponsoring class, but the whole school visited them often. The turkeys came ten days before Thanksgiving. Their feathers were dark bronze, showing every possible color in the sunlight. The hen crept about the pen as tho she were apologizing for being there, but the gobbler had a different mien. He strutted, gobbled, and scraped until his fame was spread over the community. The little knob over his beak would be the size of a stub pencil one minute and hanging down six inches the next. His wattles would change color from green to blue to fiery red in just a few seconds. The art work that resulted from the turkeys—from the kinder¬ garten thru Grade VI—was really wonderful. In fact, all of the animals and fowls gave inspiration for many expressions of art and dramatics. The pigs might have horns, the chickens too many toes— or none, and the cow no tail, but the children producing the pictures were proud of them and happy. So were their families. Was It Worthwhile? The pure joy that all children, most teachers, many parents, and neighbors received from the contacts with the animals was evidence of spiritual enrichment. In making an attempt to find some common denominator for newcomers and old-timers, the whole school was helped. Art, composition, music, oral English, dramatics, science, and even reading became pleasant experiences and not just subjects. Problems of discipline were materially lessened. Children did not "panic” easily. They were flexible and willing to cooperate in large groups, both in the auditorium and in the school yard. Parents wrote nice little notes of appreciation or sent fun-poking cartoons from the current magazines. No tests were given to prove a thing. One need not test the spirit for spiritual growth It is evidenced by children's happiness and their consideration for others. Las Posadas By WILDA C. METTE and ALTA B. WHITE Principal, and Teacher of Eighth Grade, Rus¬ sell Elementary School, Hayward, California T he school district of the Russell School is divided by a railroad track. On the east side are lovely homes, orchards, and signs of. long settlement and sturdy Scandinavian ancestry On the other side of the tracks, in the marshland and near the Oakland garbage dumps in an unrestricted building area live field workers, Negroes, a few Caucasians, and a goodly number of gypsies. A survey found between 80 and 85 percent of the school enrolment to be Mexican Americans Altho so greatly in the majority, the Mexicans still felt themselves in many ways to be outsiders and their needs were given special thought by the faculty. A student of Mexican folklore had told the faculty the interesting story of Las Posadas (The Inns), a colorful nine-day Mexican Christmas celebration 1 It begins December 16 and continues nightly until Christmas Eve. This story of the search for lodging by Mary and Joseph was brought to Mexico about 400 years ago by the Franciscan padres. Time and custom have changed the observance which is now held in the home instead of the church. Nine families participate in each celebration. They gather each evening at a different home, singing the Litany, carrying lighted candles in procession, and going from door to door around the patio, singing the folk songs begging for lodging for Mary, Joseph, and the pilgrims. Each time they are turned away. On the last day the meeting is held in the largest and most pretentious of the nine homes. The procession ends with the head of the house welcoming them in and thus having the honor of presenting the nativity scene. A joyous celebration follows—dancing, eating, and holiday games. Including in the gayety is the customary breaking of the Pinata, This celebration is described in the following references Peck. Anne M. Young Mexico New York Robert M. McBride and Co 1934 p Sechnst Elizabeth H Christmas Everywheie Revised and enlarged edition Macrae-Smith Co, 1936 p 28-38 *«“»■** "Christmas in Mexico." Bulletin of the Pan American Union 65 5-9 Philadelphia 1232-36, De- [102] LAS POSADAS 103 a day vessel, gaily decorated with ribbons and streamers. It is filled with candies, small toys, and cakes wrapped in bright-colored papers and hung by a rope and a pulley in the center of the patio. It may be raised and lowered quickly. A large circle is drawn on the pavement where the children gather around. One at a time boys are blindfolded, given a stick and three chances to break the Pinata. Much laughter and fun precede the breaking and the scramble for goodies that ensues. A New Kind of Christmas Program This Mexican Christmas celebration seemed to be a natural ob¬ servance for the school. The teachers studied it, generally agreed upon it, recognizing that some questions would arise because it was of Roman Catholic origin. It was so appropriate, so interesting, and impressive that' after due consideration we decided to present it and made our plans accordingly. It was explained that the celebration was no longer a church ritual but had become a folkway of the rural peoples of Mexico. Here we started our teaching of respect for all religions, customs, and creeds. The songs had been learned by ear and written down by thq student of Mexican folklore while she still lived in Mexico. With the help of Mexican students a continuity was written The music teacher wrote the accompaniments and Spanish-speaking children taught the other pupils the correct pronunciation. One teacher’s hus¬ band wrote out English translations. Over two hundred children participated in the choruses. Las Posadas in the School Our Las Posadas celebration started with a fifteen-minute organ recital of Christmas songs, on an organ borrowed from the Presby¬ terian church. A Mexican girl told the story of the Posada in Spanish followed by a Negro boy who gave the story in English. A Catholic priest gave the Lord’s Prayer in Spanish; it was repeated in English by the Episcopalian minister. Several small inns had been constructed in various locations in the ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 104 auditorium. Before the procession entered thru the rear doors of the auditorium, Joseph of the play, accompanied by the piano and violin, chanted a litany, with responses from our music supervisor. It was a very beautiful and impressive beginning. The doors then were opened wide and the pilgrims led by Joseph and Mary wended their weary way down the long road to Bethlehem. Costumes of the day were suggested by turbans and flowing robes of many colors. The wayfarers wandered slowly along chatting in low tones until they arrived at the first inn, halted and asked for lodging. It was very solemn and quiet as the Mexican boy who impersonated Joseph sang in his beautiful Spanish voice the words that pleaded for shelter for the Virgin Mary. The innkeeper listened to his story, then sang his reply which conveyed the idea, "No room in the inn.” The pilgrims resumed the weary march and wandered on until another inn was reached. Again they were refused admittance. Again and again they heard the same story, "No room in the inn.” At last they reached an inn where the keeper opened wide the door and sang, "Entren santos peregrinos” and to him was given the joy of having the Christ Child born within his gates. The entire processional was solemn and beautiful. Spotlights and colored floods were used to light the pilgrims’ progress. The final inn door and manger scene were constructed upon the stage. As the baby Jesus lay in the manger the little children knelt beside his lowly bed. Kneeling about the Christ Child were Chinese, Mexicans, Ne¬ groes, Filipinos, Hawaiians, and Caucasians. After the religious part of the program was completed the Mexican Christmas fiesta of breaking the Pinata was presented. The audience laughed as the various children struck at the Pinata, finally breaking it and scrambling for the scattered sweetmeats. Some Continuing Results This observance has had an inspiring carry-over for the year, especially in our eighth grade, where the theme of social studies has been democracy—-learning and knowing people; freedom of beliefs, thoughts, and actions for separate groups; but still one people living LAS POSADAS 105 together and working together for freedom from prejudice. The various races and religions learned to respect and know the beliefs and practices of other groups. Instead of religion being pushed into the background and hushed up, it has become an open and much discussed subject. The soloists who took part in Las Posadas have been drawn to¬ gether into a boys’ sextette. They represent several religions but have appeared together in many programs at religious meetings, women’s clubs, service clubs, and schools. No questions have been asked either by the children or parents about denominations in religious meetings. The children attend the meetings and do their best. The Mexican boy who played the part of Joseph was recently invited to attend a religious day school to give a report on the book One God. 2 He is a devout Catholic and appeared at this Protestant meeting in a near-by village when he was barred by a covenant against his people from living within its limits. He gave his fine report and sang his solo "Ave Maria’’ with all the fervor he would have given in his own church. As he gives this report on the Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant religions he always says, "We did not study this book to change our religion but to learn and know about the basic religions. We can keep our own beliefs when thru with the book, but it helps us to appreciate the religions of others.’’ Who can say how far the spiritual values of this experience have spread in this community and with these children? We feel we have made a contribution toward understanding among people and that the presentation of Las Posadas was an ethical and emotional experi¬ ence with definite value to the children," school, and community. 1 Fitch, Florence M. One God. New York Lothrop, Lee, and Shepard Co., 1944. p 144 Harmony makes small things grow; lack of it makes great things decay. —SALLUST, Jugurlha Painting a Frieze and Building Spiritual Values By ROSS L. NEAGLEY Superintendent, Mount Pleasant Special School District, Wilmington, Delaware A ltho art in any form contributes to the development of spiritual values, frieze painting by groups of children seems to have unusual possibilities in this field. In our school the painting of friezes or murals is participated in extensively by pupils on all levels of maturity. Sometimes the subject is directly related to the social studies, at other times it is a direct outgrowth of an incident that happens in the school or class, and on some occasions the subject grows naturally as the children’s imagination runs rampant. The mere fact that a frieze is much larger than paintings usually done by individuals adds a more lifelike touch and thus the results seem more realistic to the pupils. As one fourth-grade pupil expressed himself after working with the entire class on an Egyptian frieze, "I felt like swimming in the Nile. I felt like going into the woods and climbing the trees.” Develops Attitudes of Cooperation One of the greatest contributions that frieze painting makes to the development of spiritual values is the fact that many individuals are receiving at the same time esthetic values and emotional experiences by cooperative expression. It is impossible for a group of children to work together day after day on a painting without being drawn closer together. Before actual work is begun a class should cooperatively plan the form the painting is going to take, select committees for particular duties, and organize the work of the various groups. This requires the free exchange of ideas, the selection of the most promising ones, and the modification or rejection of others. It also makes it necessary to evaluate the abilities of the various class members and for some to be selected [ 106 ] PAINTING A FRIEZE 107 to assume more important responsibilities, while others must gracious¬ ly accept subordinate roles. When actual work is begun there are many other adjustments to make. Each child must make his creation fit into the larger plan. Pupils share the same paint pots and other equipment and are fre¬ quently working elbow to elbow so that respect for the rights of others and simple courtesies are fostered. The unusual power in frieze painting to unite groups of pupils was dramatically illustrated in a fifth-grade class in another school of which the author was principal. During the first part of the year the class was very much disunited with various groups refusing to cooperate with each other. A skilful teacher in another grade volun¬ teered to take over the class; under her careful guidance and encour¬ agement the class decided to paint a frieze depicting life in South America. Much discussion followed among the minority pupils as to whether one group would attempt to dominate this project as they had other class enterprises. Before any actual work was begun the class planned the project cooperatively. When the tentative plans for beginning the actual work on the frieze were made, it was noted that suggestions from all groups were represented. A chairman was selected and duties assigned. During the first few days friction be¬ tween the various factions was still noticeable, but as the ideas of the group took form in the painting something happened to that class. In the latter stages it was very gratifying to visit them at work and to note the complete harmony that existed. Other projects were later carried out by the class and there is no doubt that the painting of the frieze contributed much to overcoming the disunity, and intolerance m the class. Utilizes Creatively Many Levels of Skill Most children receive pleasure from expression thru art, but the joy they receive is often spoiled because of the imperfection of their creation as compared with the work done by more talented pupils. Here again frieze painting creates spiritual values for the pupil who has insufficient talent to do individual art projects. This was demon¬ strated so well in the case of Sammy, a second-grade boy in Mount 108 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Pleasant School, who usually spent his art periods in scribbling or painting different colored lines on paper Altho he apparently re¬ ceived passing pleasure from this method of expression there seemed to be little real satisfaction attached to the results. In most cases.he would hide his paper from the teacher while other pupils were proudly displaying their pictures When, as a result of the visit of Admiral Halsey to the community, the class decided to paint a frieze showing his battle fleet, it was agreed that Sammy should be selected to paint part of the ocean. Sammy fairly grew in stature while doing his assignment and even months after it had been completed, Sammy’s eyes fairly danced as he pointed to the picture on the wall and said, "I painted the ocean.” Another pupil in the same room who had never previously shown much interest in art was proud of the plots of grass he painted on a frieze showing Indian life. In frieze painting every child can get that thrill. Whether he possesses talent or not there is always some small contribution that each child can make and thus have a part in the total creation. Depends for Success on Cooperative Approach Even an activity as full of possibilities for spiritual values as frieze painting would fail in that objective if it were not undertaken and carried thru in art atmosphere of cooperation. What is done is less important than how it is done. As undertaken in this school, with emphasis on group planning and wide participation, the results are clearly discernible in human relations and attitudes. Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reac¬ tions of his personality to the world he lives in. —AMY LOWELL, Tendencies in Modern American Poetry Teaching Ethics on the Playground By CARL NEUFELDT Pttncipal, Lincoln School Mount Vernon, New York T his article is based on experiences in a city in the Middlewest, in a school that is endeavoring to make a direct contribution toward the improvement of the children’s conduct and behavior thru the use of the playground. This large elementary school is located in an industrial area populated by different races and nationalities. In many families, both the father and the mother work in neighboring industries. Difficulties on the Playground Intergroup tensions and lack of parental training were reflected in numerous quarrels on the playground. Principal and teachers either had to make frequent hurried trips out to the playground during recess in order to stop fights which attracted a large audience or they had to settle quarrels after recess which took valuable school time. Some of the chief playground problems encountered were: 1. Unintentional rough play 2. Selfishness 3. Nothing to do on the playground 4. Lacking knowledge of cooperation 5. Getting even with someone 6. Being poor losers 7. Fighting "on the drop of a hat.” In some cases it was almost impossible to find out who was guilty, and any punishment administered usually proved ineffective. The principal who came to this school about six years ago began to work in cooperation with the teachers to organize the playground into a simple but positive force for the correction of existing condi¬ tions. Thus over five hundred children have spent more than one L 109 ] 110 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS hundred hours each year in good-natured play with other children, rubbing elbows with their principal and the school personnel as a whole, on a basis of both ethical and personal development. The Plan in Operation Staggered recess periods are scheduled for the primary and inter¬ mediate recess periods, morning and afternoon. The principal of the school oversees the playground during these periods, in which the various classes of each separate division play simultaneously on assigned parts of the playground. All the playground equipment, including an easy-to-operate dry liner, is checked out by a few reliable monitors. The daily use of the liner in remarking any necessary lines eliminates confusion in close decisions and adds interest to the games. This system of checking playground equipment has taught the children responsibility on their level of achievement. The classroom teacher uses physical-education periods to teach the children how to play various games well. During the winter one finds the children playing running games such as "Blackman" or "Fox and Geese.” They seemingly never tire of these games as long as they are properly directed. The teachers quite often hear this familiar comment from the children as they are coming in after a recess period during the long cold months, "I don’t know why, but I just love to run.” Every child from the second thru the sixth grade belongs to the boys’ or girls’ ball team in each room. The line-ups remain unchanged thruout the year but the schedules of team competition and diamond assignments are changed in order to keep up real enthusiasm. The boys’ and girls’ trophies move to the winning homeroom teams and each day gives the losing club another chance to win. The spring and fall seasons are culminated by a competitive group¬ ing of teams for ball games according to ability and a matching of the first, second, and third all-star teams. The parents, relatives, friends, and teachers enjoy seeing and assisting in these specially arranged games. The primary-grade children usually play a number of their favorite games and conclude with races while the inter- ETHICS ON THE PLAYGROUND 111 mediate children prefer to exhibit their skill in softball games after some closely contested races. Appraisal of Results The playground merely serves to bring to focus in free interplay of child with child the principles of conduct which the school seeks to teach in many ways. Learning to live and play together is one of the most difficult skills to master and exemplify, yet it is essential if there is to be any harmony of relationships m the family, the com¬ munity, or in any larger group. We observed how the children learn to meet realistic playground situations—a close decision on third, a bully trying to bat out of turn, being a target in a snowball fight, or losing a close foot race. Incidents such as these require the practical application of proper ethics at an early age. Making a home run in softball or outrunning someone else in a game has helped the child attain status in the group and at the same time has established responsibilities and limitations. The emotions that he awakened in his fellows, the regard in which he was held, the duties that were delegated to him, and the effective way in which many of the barriers were broken down between the school personnel and the child have not only contributed to his social behavior but also influenced his consciousness of self. These children respond to friendly and firm leadership. Their growth in cooperative spirit and self-discipline has made it possible for the principal to observe as many as eight games at one time and to assist in close decisions without many delays. Adult leadership has had its influence in restricting profanity, arrogance, suspicion, and misunderstandings. It has also reduced the flaring of quick tempers and has created an opportunity for practicing fair play and tolerance. The expression "Do you want to make something out of it?" is heard less frequently. The bully and the shy child both have been encour¬ aged to learn the basic lessons of interdependence, and large propor¬ tions of all the children from the primary grades thru the inter¬ mediate section have shown much progress in learning to place team interests above individual selfishness. Youngsters have been heard to remark that they lost the game but had lots of fun. 112 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Truancy, which is a form of antisocial conduct, has been reduced. There also has resulted a better feeling in the community toward the school which can be attributed in a large sense to the children "selling” it to their parents. This is especially vital in areas of social and economic handicaps. In past years this school had a reputation for alley fights on the way home from school. Quarrels originated on the playground and then were carried on, without the knowledge of the school personnel, as a form of excitement. These £ghts have nearly disappeared. Teachers report improved class attitude in some cases and attribute it in part to the playground program. It has been a relatively simple matter to follow the child’s classroom achievement records, but we felt that this was only a small part of the picture of his development It is impossible for-a principal to discuss the problems of a child intelligently with a parent, by merely knowing that the child is wasting time, lacking in attention, or following some other form of behavior associated with unsatisfactory schoolwork But in working with and observing the child for several years on the playground, the principal gathers a great deal of functional information for practical guidance which can be used in conferences with the parents as well as the teacher. Each child requires activity, and an opportunity to do something significant in order to build up security. Such a simple event as "catching a fly” in softball may encourage a child to develop into a very satisfactory all-round ball player within a short time. Often this success is maintained on the playground and carried over to other activities in the classroom. A refreshed happy child coming into the classroom from a wholesome playground experience will usually carry the same spirit back to work. Periodic evaluation of our efforts will provide for a sound basis of future progress in making the playground a more coordinated and effective tool in forming the correct social attitude and behavior of the children. It has taken a number of years to develop a satisfactory working plan which has evolved in the direction of a simple organi¬ zation simple to administer. Continuous emphasis is needed for con¬ tinuous satisfactory operation. The Right Kind of Homework Has Spiritual Values By F. R. PARK Principal, School 52. Buffalo, New York I N a study of homework undertaken some time ago by a com¬ mittee of Buffalo principals representing a cross section of the city’s schools, it was found that 89 percent of the parents of children of Grades VII and VIII, 60 percent of the pupils, and 55 percent of the principals favored homework. Apparently a smaller percent of teachers favored it, altho their answers to the questionnaire were qualified so as to make a tabulation impossible. The favorable nature of the responses suggested the need for rethinking the whole problem of homework. The upper-grade teachers in the writer’s school have been experi¬ menting for some time in a small way with types of homework that they think furnish "ethical, esthetic, and emotional experiences that help to elevate and liberate the human spirit.”' Assignments vs. Overflowing Interests A fairly good case can be made, at least in the upper grades of the eight-year elementary school, for homework assignments of the type given out in high school. The skilful high-school teacher spends time fin assigning the lesson so that motivation is provided in the pupil’s mind for attacking it. No matter in what walk of life the future citizen and wage earner is destined to live, the ability to formulate his problems, to gather information bearing on these problems, to organize this information, and ultimately to use it is a determining factor in his future usefulness and success. This power of independent study, fully mastered, makes the individual of more value to himself and others and, therefore, possesses spiritual value. But the type of homework most fraught with spiritual values is perhaps not the assigned lesson of the upper grades and high school, n. Public schools, Denver, Colorado Home projects of the "overflowing interest” type help children to gain satisfaction from competent achievement and from endeavor shared with their parents. comradeship of the son working on the farm with his father and the daughter in the kitchen with her mother has been so largely lost, it would seem that home and school would welcome the opportunity to recapture some of this spirit of cooperative endeavor. By encour¬ aging'home projects that center round the school curriculum, these spiritual forces of the home can be marshalled and used to strengthen character, and possibly to counteract in part the too prevalent com¬ mercialized activities of radio, movies, skating rink, and street. H4 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS but the kind which we might designate as the "overflowing interest” type. When the right kind of job is being done in the classroom, and the proper guidance is given, the forces so generated will overflow the classroom boundaries, invade the home, and may enlist the interest and cooperation of the parents. In these days, when the RIGHT KIND OF HOMEWORK 115 Illustrations of Home Activities This kind of home project is a far cry from the idea of "father doing Junior’s homework" and yet it offers parents the opportunity, so often mentioned as their desire, to keep in touch with the progress of their children. The following partial list of home activities, attempted recently by pupils in the writer’s school, will illustrate this idea: 1. Model houses and scale plans in a home-building arithmetic project 2. Collections of mounted specimens of rocks, minerals, flowers, and woods in science 3. Telegraph sets 4. Posters for candidates for class elections 5. Radio and movie criticisms and reports 6. Trips into our community with parents going along and furnishing transportation 7. An esthetic appreciation club in which each member made a col¬ lection of different articles which he thought beautiful 8. Weather observation records 9. A model speed boat competition in shop 10. An archery club which made its own equipment 11. Study of recreational opportunities in homemaking class—dis¬ covering ways families may have fun together in our city, with little or no expense 12. Diaries in history class, pretending to be living in some different period of history 13. Models of significant inventions in the industrial revolution in history 14. Salt maps paralleling geography in the sixth grade 15. An evaluation of comic books on the local newsstands to attempt to raise the level of the children’s reading. It is possible that thru this type of homework the school can do much to influence the home along many lines—hygiene, manners, discipline, recreation, and artistic taste. Likewise, it is possible that the school can tap a great, neglected reservoir of spiritual values to reinforce its program for the children in its care. The Children’s Council Builds Character By C. T. THOMPSON Principal, Vestal School, Portland, Oregon T he teachers of our school have believed for many years that the children should take an active part in solving the problems of the school. As one teacher said, "It is their school. Why should they not be interested in how it is run?” Belief in the soundness of the children’s judgment and in their sense of fair play has resulted in children of the higher grades being responsible, in large part, for supervising the halls, stairways, lava¬ tories, and the cafeteria. These children supervise without touching another child; they guide but do not punish. They organize the fire squad, call the drills, and handle the children in these drills in a capable, workmanlike manner. Adults could not do it better. Over forty of the older boys act as safety officers at street intersections near the building One can almost see these pupils grow in the qualities of leadership. Classroom Organizations Organization of classrooms was a natural follow-up after begin¬ ning the above activities After watching the students carry on these duties so capably for some time the teachers encouraged the children to organize their own classrooms There was some skepticism on the part of teachers, but the majority thought the children should be given the opportunity to aid in directing their activities and cooper¬ ated by opening channels for service. It was interesting to observe the children select their officers They made fewer mistakes than their elders do in electing officers to govern our towns and cities. These children selected real leaders, boys and girls who were outstanding leaders in their classes. Children prob¬ ably see more clearly the faults of other children than adults. Cer¬ tainly children are more direct in their actions. [ 116 ] children’s council builds character 117 Broader Base of Representation The room organizations found that their activities ended within their rooms and soon asked for a larger body which would have more authority. Room representatives asked their teachers for permission to form a council which would reflect the wishes and suggestions of the entire student body. The principal, at a regular faculty meeting, asked for discussion of the request of the students. There was agreement that the request should be granted. A teacher in the building outstanding for her wise and capable leadership, who was a friend and counselor of all the children, was selected as adviser to the future council. Each section above the third grade elected a representative to the central council. At the first meeting the members elected a president and a secretary. The selection of these council members and their officers was a lesson in democracy. Only children who represented the best in leadership were selected. It has become a truism in the building that members of the council must be of the highest char¬ acter and true leadership. Surely there is definite character training in such qualifications. The elected officers are in direct charge of all subsequent meetings during the term. Often a child in a grade under the eighth, who is recognized as a leader, is chosen for president. As the first, second, and third grades are not represented on the council, each councilman is assigned to a primary room to make any reports that affect the school He represents both his own section and the primary one. This plan brings the older students into direct contact with the small primary people, who are delighted to have an upper classman talk to them. The association between the older child and the small children is beneficial in that the little ones admire the older students and try to emulate them. As these councilmen are picked students the example is a good one. The council meets regularly once every two weeks. The president consults with the adviser before meetings; if the counselor has any advice to give, it is presented to the council by the president rather than by the adviser. Other matters of interest to the children are 118 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS brought before the council by the members. Teachers often suggest to the room representatives that certain problems be taken up by the council. Other suggestions come from the classroom organizations. The principal may suggest to the adviser or to the council problems of vital interest to the welfare of the school. Sound judgment and right thinking, so essential to the growth of good character, are needed for effective service by the'pupils in the deliberations of the council. functions of the Council Our council is not a law making body. It discusses matters that are of primary importance to the school and makes suggestions as to the solution of pioblems. The motion to act usually begins thus: "I move that the council suggest that ...” Ail of the members of the council realize that the principal and faculty are responsible for final decisions. However, the council is assured that any recom¬ mendation made by it will be given every consideration possible. The meetings are serious as all know the children and the faculty depend on them to truly represent the school. Recently the council discussed a change in the order of passing from one department to another. Years ago under the platoon system, when the halls were quite crowded during class changes, a rule was made that children walk in single file. The council thought the original plan should be abolished—it was not always obeyed— and children should be allowed more freedom at such changes The principal brought the problem and the action of the council before the faculty where the change was approved. The adviser to the council says. "The council is beneficial to the children in that it gives them experience in dealing with democratic procedure. It also gives them a feeling of proprietorship in their school.” Authority, a Gradual Growth We have not asked the council to enforce the rules they have proposed, tho there is no doubt they are easier to enforce since the school children suggested them. Many of the monitors do have a children's council builds character 119 certain moral authority which is largely preventive. We think that turning over the management of the school to the council would be a serious mistake. However, we do think student participation in management is desirable and necessary. What of the future of the school council? It will depend, to a large extent, on the continued success of the present policy. We do not intend to go into the movement too rapidly. We have observed schools that did, thereby giving student government a black eye for a long time to come. As the student council grows in the estimation of the children and the faculty, it will naturally be given more authority. If its character¬ building activities continue to affect the school favorably, the faculty will gladly lean upon the council more and more. The students themselves must want such participation and help to initiate it. There is no limit to what such a council might not do in assisting in the government of the school. Since it does not punish, but leaves that duty to the principal and faculty, it can devote its time and energy to constructive problems vital to the welfare of the school. It can assist the faculty in building a stronger, more democratic America, where each one will participate according to this training and ability. As teachers we are responsible for providing children with oppor¬ tunities to practice democratic ways of behaving. Children need practice ... so that they will know how to operate as responsible members of groups, whether these groups are in classrooms, schools, churches, playground, or in the community. This means that chil¬ dren must have chances in school to think about, discuss, and plan >'ways of solving everyday problems. —PUBLIC SCHOOLS, NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS, Social Studies Developing Morale in a School Faculty By WILBUR A. YAUCH Associate Professor of Education, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio S OCIAL psychologists have long emphasized the point that the quality of individual behavior is markedly improved in social situations. Individual judgments are improved when made in concert with others, and the quality and efficiency of work improve in a desirable social situation. The mere presence of spectators will definitely speed up the work of individuals. 1 One of the basic assump¬ tions on which theories of social behavior rest is that individuals act differently in group situations from what we might expect of them in isolation. 2 Perhaps the most revealing study of its kind is the one conducted at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company/ An experimental group of industrial workers was selected to discover the effect of changes in the material environment on productive efficiency. Proper lighting, pleasing color tones, frequent rest periods, everything thought to affect production was made as desirable as possible. Plant managers and executives kept a close and intimate contact with the development of the experiment. As one could predict, production levels shot upward dramatically as working conditions improved. But the astounding part of the study came when these workers were returned to their former conditions of labor and the production levels continued as high as ever. The social interactions among the experimental workers themselves and the interests shared with management apparently had built an esprit de corps which 1 Britt, Steuart H Social Psychology of Modern Life. New York - Farrar and Rinehart, 1941 p 233 Dashiell, John F. "Experimental Studies of Influence of Social Situations on Behavior of Indi¬ vidual Human Adults." Handbook of Social Psychology. Worcester, Mass. Clark University Press, 1935 Chapter 23. 1 Krout, Maurice H Introduction to Social Psychology. New York Harper and Brothers, 1942 p. 360. 8 Roethlisberger, Fritz J., and Dickson, William J Management and the Worker. Cambridge, Mass Harvard University Press, 1943. p. 615. [120] DEVELOPING FACULTY MORALE 121 resulted in continued high production, even when the physical condi¬ tion of work reverted to very unsatisfactory levels. Elementary-school principals can well afford to take the due given them by social psychology. Improvement in the quality of work in school is desirable and desperately needed. When teachers have opportunities to work together on common problems the social interactions that result will tend to improve the qualify of teaching. "Planning for School Interpretation Such was the experience of one elementary-school staff. The school program, on which the entire staff had been working for a period of several years, represented a point of view and a set of practices which deviated widely from those commonly experienced by the parents when they went to school. Misunderstanding and antagonism was a predictable result. The teachers themselves began to question the advisability of continuing a program so little understood by the parents. Two courses of action were open. The staff could modify the program so that it conformed more closely to what the community considered defensible, or it could undertake a campaign to inform the public more accurately concerning what the school was actually trying to do. The teachers were unanimous in their agreement that instead of retrenchment they should attempt to give the community members an intelligent understanding of the school’s purposes and program. A public-relations committee of three members was selected by the faculty of twenty-five teachers, to study the possibilities for a program of parent education. It was immediately apparent that the committee needed something concrete and specific to put into the hands of parents that would depict the program already in operation in the school. Developing a Handbook A handbook was finally decided upon, one that presented the activities of the school in the form of pictures with a minimum of verbal elaboration. 122 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS The organization of the handbook was of particular significance to the faculty. Two methods of presentation of the material were possible: organization around the conventional areas of subjectmatter, and organization more consistent with the structure of the school program around areas of children’s experiences. Subjectmatter organization would present the material in a form more easily under¬ stood by the parents, but the experience approach would do a better Public schools, Tulsa, Oklahoma Children feel zest and satisfaction in making plans and in assuming responsibilities for carrying out activities that are important in the life of the group. job of showing clearly what the major principles of the program actually were, and how subjectmatter related to these principles. The final organization of the handbook took the form of pre¬ senting the work of the school under six main headings which repre¬ sented what the faculty members considered the important divisions of their responsibility to children: 1. Getting Along Together 2. Happy and Successful Children 3. Independent Thinking developing faculty morale 123 4. Cultural Development 5. The Making of Good Americans 6. Building a Sound Body When finally completed, the handbook was a collection of pictures of children carrying on activities in which the parents would find them typically engaged during the school day, grouped under the above six headings. Each section was preceded by a short verbal description of what was meant by that section heading. Beyond this introductory explanation the only verbal material was a short de¬ scriptive title for each picture. The handbook was duplicated by offset printing and attractively covered. The art supervisor was particularly helpful in offering advice and skill in creating a document which would have been a credit to any institution interested in good publicity. (The trouble¬ some question of cost was fortunately avoided. The Addressograph- Multigraph Corporation, with its main branch in the city, kindly cooperated by offering to do the duplicating as practice material for its training school. The public school was obligated only to the extent of furnishing paper and the labor of assembling the material.) Under the heading of "Getting Along Together” were nine pic¬ tures with appropriate titles, showing the following: 1. A group of children preparing food for midmorning lunch 2. A table, with children grouped about it, decorated and set for a party the children were giving for their parents 3. A group of children sitting around a table in their classroom at noontime, entitled, "Acquiring the Social Graces” 4. Children engaged in constructive activity, sawing, hammering, and measuring 5. Children making furniture out of orange crates 6. Children sitting around a table in group discussion 7. A group of children working on the framework of a model of the sun for their "solar system” 8. A group of children engaged in storytelling in the library 9. Boys working on the framework of an actual house they were making in the classroom. These pictures were intended to portray the many activities in the school in which children were learning to do things cooperatively. 124 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS All six divisions of the handbook were similarly treated. The title of the handbook —Whither the Child ?—was indicative of the thinking of the teachers. Leading Meetings for Discussion The program with parents consisted of a series of six evening meet¬ ings, one devoted to each of the six headings in the handbook. At each meeting all parents in the community were invited to observe a selected group of children demonstrating some phase of the school program, after which a full and unrestrained discussion by parents was encouraged. The chairman of the public-relations committee personally led each of these public discussions, with the principal in the background, as he had been during the planning and organizing of the meetings. Occasionally he was called on to comment on some phase of the program, or to offer further support and defense, but there never was any question that the whole affair was the cooperative effort of all. The teacher whose children were being used for demonstration was necessarily required to be present on the evening when her children performed. Other teachers determined for themselves whether or not they should be present and a majority of faculty members was present at each meeting. When the meeting on "Inde¬ pendent Thinking” was held, a part of which involved a discussion of the method of teaching beginning reading, upper-grade teachers were as ready to defend the practices in the primary grades as those directly concerned with this phase of learning. The teachers as a whole considered the entire school program as their special responsi¬ bility. Morale-Building Principles Morale in the faculty group must be measured by the degree to which the members will rise to a cooperative defense of the program. Certain well-tried practices are known to contribute to the develop¬ ment of this important factor of high morale in teaching. From an analysis of the experience in this school, the following elements seem to emerge; DEVELOPING FACULTY MORALE ■ 125 1. Teachers will develop morale and show a disposition to unite in defense of what they consider justified in proportion to the extent the program can be identified as theirs .—The public-relations com-, mittee was elected by the faculty to discharge a specific responsibility. The handbook was the result of faculty opinion of what constituted the program of the school. The public meetings were planned and conducted by the teachers themselves with a minimum of advice from the principal. The whole procedure could be truthfully designated as teacher controlled. 2. Morale is fostered to the degree that the members of the group have extensive opportunities to cooperate in a common program of Public schools, Lexington, Kentucky As each individual learns to play his part his whole personality grows and warms under sunny smiles of approval. 126 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS interest and value to all .—No more important problem than that of securing community understanding of a school program could be selected for faculty cooperation Every teacher is vitally concerned with the extent of acceptance of her work by the parents In addition, the success of any truly community-centered school program depends to an important degree upon the ability of the parents to understand what the school is trying to do. 3. Group spirit depends largely on the amount of direct credit and recognition the individual members will receive for the work they do. —The Western Electric experiment demonstrates vividly the im¬ portance of individuals in a group having some evidence that what they are doing is being noticed and will be rewarded Principals who have conducted successful school programs have usually dis¬ covered that their success as principals, and as educators in the broader sense, was inversely proportional to the amount of credit they personally demanded for the achievements of the school. If teachers truly initiate, plan, and execute a successful program all the credit for its achievement is rightfully theirs. 4. Morale, which is a real integrating force for promoting group solidarity, is the direct result of effective democratic leadership .—. Space does not permit an extensive elaboration of this conclusion. The reader is referred to the study of Lewin, Lippett, and White. 4 They conclude that democratic leadership reduces the amount of aggression and conflict among individuals in a group to one-thirtieth of that evidenced in an autocratically controlled situation. It is clear that if the principal is honestly interested in developing morale he has but one choice in the type of leadership he offers. The conclusion seems inescapable Teachers who have the oppor¬ tunity to think thru the main purposes of their program, have wide latitude in executing their plans, and receive due recognition for their efforts, will develop an esprit de corps to a degree every prin¬ cipal will consider desirable. In an even more important way the activity will pay rich dividends in increased community understand¬ ing and cooperation. Lewin, Kurt, Lippett, Roland, and White, Ralph K “Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Ex¬ perimentally Created ‘Social Climates' ” Journal of Social Psychology, 10 271-99 , May 1939 Schools of a Great City Seek Spiritual Values By ERMA E. PIXLEY, AMBER WILSON, MAURICE G. BLAIR, and others Supervisors, and Assistant Superintendent, Curriculum Drnsson, City Schools, Los Angeles, California A s far back as 1942 thought was given to preparing teaching materials for the Los Angeles schools on moral and spiritual values in education Even tho good teachers all thru the years have emphasized such values, the need for a renewed emphasis was evident in many ways: international strife, national discord, com¬ munity differences, broken homes, personal disappointments and frustration, and increasing juvenile delinquency In the spring of 1944, definite steps were taken to undertake the preparation of a teaching guide in this important field. It was de¬ veloped by committees of teachers, administrators, and community leaders. Valuable suggestions were made by leaders of different religious faiths. Approximately one hundred and thirty-five people took part in developing the teaching materials, the work being coordinated by a member of the curriculum staff. In addition to the regular committees, contributions were made from the various cur¬ riculum sections and from the elementary, secondary, library, and textbook sections. The Published Guide After more than six months of conference and revision of materials a printed report was ready for presentation to the schools. 1 ' Moral and Spiritual Values in Education was designed as a guide to instruc¬ tion in the practical application of moral and spiritual values to which people of all cultures and creeds could freely subscribe. Pur¬ poses and plan are indicated in these sentences from the introduction: 1 Los Angeles City Schools. Moral and Spiritual Values in Education. School Publication No. 402, 1944-45. Los Angeles the Schools, 1944 p 111. [127] 128 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS We are not seeking to introduce a new subject into the curriculum. We are merely presenting an organized, unified plan whereby moral and spiritual values may take their rightful place as a natural, normal part of the curriculum. They are not the whole curriculum, by any means, but they are so important that their place should be well defined. After careful consideration arid consultation it has seemed wise for us to work thru the curriculum and the school activities as they now exist, directing a new emphasis toward vital values, and carrying this idea from the kindergarten right thru the twelfth grade. Upon such a plan this study has been organized. Never forgetting that the individual functions as a unit, we have selected (for the sake of definiteness and concreteness) certain Key Qualities of the Spirit as focal points of emphasis. Then we have tried to show how the school as a whole contributes to the development of these qualities—how the school and community working together can contribute—and, finally, what can be done in the classroom itself to stimulate the growth and activity of these qualities. Since the classroom is really the heart of the school organization, we have placed most of our emphasis there. We have suggested ways in which every department of work can help foster moral and spiritual values. It is in the fields of English, social studies, music, and art, how¬ ever, that the greatest variety“of opportunities seems to be presented.* For the convenience of teachers, and in the interest of that definiteness and conciseness which we seek, we have gone thru a number of our textbooks and have indicated page references where material may be found bearing upon the key qualities, We have suggested audio-visual aids and other available materials. At the close of the book is a Teachers’ Index which enables any teacher to find quickly the pages dealing with his special grade and subject. 2 The material was developed to answer three questions: 1. How can the school as a whole emphasize qualities of the spirit^ 2. How can the school and community working together emphasize spiritual values? 3. What contribution can be made thru the classroom? By far the greater part of the report dealt with the contribution made thru the classroom. Sources and activities were suggested for each age level thru Grades I to XII, in literature, social studies, art, and music. * Op. at., p, 6-7. SCHOOLS OF A GREAT CITY 129 These are the "Key Qualities o£ the Spirit” used as the basis for organization of the material: Appreciation Faith Honesty Respect for law Cooperation Generosity Kindness Responsibility Courage Goodwill Loyalty Reverence This list of key qualities could be expanded indefinitely but the twelve chosen for emphasis formed a satisfactory basis for organizing the report in usable form. Special effort has been made in presenting this entire program to make it clear that the suggestions are illustrative, not limiting, and that endless diversity is to be expected. It has been emphasized that it is often possible and desirable to let music, art, and literature speak for themselves with no interpretation beyond that of the regular classroom activity. Relationship to Religious Instruction Moral and Spiritual Values in Education was not designed as a guide to instruction in religion. However, religion is not excluded. In developing this topic, religion was thought of not in terms of specific creeds but as an important factor in the life of mankind thru the ages. Our young people need to know that religion is one of the great humanities. They should study it as such. What can our students think if we talk of the government, the history, the literature, the music, the art of a country, but remain silent about its religion? Shall they assume that religion is not important enough to mention, or that it is something separate and apart from the life of the people? They must understand, of course, that it is not with any particular religious creed or sect that we are concerned in our work. We are concerned rather with those general moral and spiritual truths underlying man’s search for God thru the ages. 3 No attempt was made to define God, beyond the point that He is a power greater than ourselves and that He represents the greatest good in the universe. It is that good which all are seeking. There is danger in being moralistic, didactic, or fanatical. The narrow bigoted approach has no part in this work. s Op. at., p. 9 . 130 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS All thru the program there runs the thread of the esthetic and ethical approach: high ideals, the beauty of literature, stirring music, inspired art. No greater contribution could be made to education in America than a renewed emphasis and a new dedication to those values which have to do with the spirit of man. Presenting the Program The teaching guide was presented first to the council of directors and supervisors by a group of people closely associated with the project. Area meetings were held for the elementary principals at which the program was presented. The next step was for the principals to bring it to the teachers in the two hundred fifty schools of Los Angeles. Many different ap¬ proaches were made. Faculty meetings were held, sometimes of two or three schools together. Reports by committees of classroom teachers, by the principal, or by a member of the central -curriculum staff were received and discussed. Successive faculty meetings re- Public schools, Madison, Wisconsin •Children begin to understand that there is order in the natural world that the mind of man can regard with reverence. SCHOOLS OF A GREAT CITY 131 ceived reports from teachers on experimental work, or discussed specific phases of the program. Individual conferences of the prin¬ cipal with each teacher were undertaken in a number of schools. In some faculties, committees were set up to stimulate a continuing interest in the program. Principals who reported on methods of developing the program in their schools emphasized such ideas as these: This is not something extra; spiritual values must function in every¬ day living. The purpose is to raise standards and to enrich living. Teachers must be alert to all situations that afford opportunity to teach spiritual values. Much material is available in textbooks now in use in the classrooms. Democratic living in the classroom provides the best opportunity for teaching spiritual values. Thought and effort were also given to interpreting the new plan to parents. This was done in demonstrations of classroom situations, by reports and discussions in parent-teacher meetings, and by open- house programs. Taking the Program to the Pupils Reports from principals and teachers at the close of the first year and a half covered a wide range of activities in promoting spiritual values. The following quotations are representative of the statements received from elementary schools. The usual school program with work periods and discussion periods, under the guidance of a good teacher who sees every situation permeated with moral and spiritual growth possibilities, contributes most. Setting up classroom standards of quiet, courtesy, and obedience; letting the rules of moral and spiritual life come from the class; and then evaluating the ways in which they were carried out—this seems to be the best plan. Every effort is made to interpret and give richness of meaning to the flag salute and American national hymns, thereby causing the children to honor our country and feel proud that they are citizens. National holidays and birthdays of celebrated leaders of American history are used to teach courage, faith, generosity, and goodwill. 132 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Thru the weekly poetry class, by listening to poetry, and writing original poems or descriptions, progress is made in building appreciation of beauty and reverence for God’s expression in nature. Bible selections are used during verse choir. Showing the beautiful world and its wonders offers basic opportuni¬ ties for this work. Weekly art displays in halls are used by children. Filed collections of pictures of foreign and American artists are also available for use in classrooms. Songs of plants, birds, animals, and human life help with this pro¬ gram. Songs of the wind, sea, sun, and rain are discussed and drama¬ tized. Music is used in a variety of ways to foster reverence, enjoyment, relaxation, and appreciation of music itself. Faith is stressed in the Thanksgiving program. Selections are read and memorized. Reverence is a large part of the Christmas program built on the story of Christ. Chorus singing of old familiar carols adds to the feeling of reverence. At Easter we stress growth of new life, marvelous exhibitions of nature, the mysterious force of nature, and man’s dependence on these forces. We recognized the Jewish New Year with a short program of Hebrew songs and verses from the Old Testament. Also, we had a Christmas program in which the Jewish, as well as other children, desired and had important parts. Our instructional program encourages a recogni¬ tion and appreciation of worldwide customs of different kinds. The children in kindergarten repeat an appropriate blessing at the table when they gather for the nutrition period. One teacher has tried the experiment of taking one key quality each week. She writes it on the board and lists under it ways of expressing this quality, taking the suggestion from page 29 of Publication 402 During the week the children look for actual examples of this quality. This teacher feels that the children have gained much. Specific events started with our Thanksgiving program. All the chil¬ dren were given an opportunity to express gratitude for the many and different things they have On Arbor Day, love of beauty in the trees and flowers was stressed. Lessons from the life of Luther Burbank were discussed. We planted two camellias and a flowering plum to beautify our court. At our memorial service for former Superintendent of Schools Susan M. Dorsey, the children told in their own way how Mrs. Dorsey lived up to all the key qualities. There seemed to be a great sense of reverence, We have worked to make the school a beautiful school thru good SCHOOLS OF A GREAT CITY 133 housekeeping, fresh paint, attractive draperies, new pictures, and new books. We have noticed a sense of pride; one child remarked, "School is as pretty as a movie star’s home." We feel we have developed a de¬ gree of loyalty and respect of property, and an attitude of head up, in¬ stead of head down. Our pupil committees and a council composed of committee chairmen contribute to emphasis of key qualities. They hold regular meetings with their sponsor and committee chairmen rotate in taking charge of assem¬ blies. Children grow in responsibility thru service. The fields of service include: athletics, auditorium, cafeteria, flower arrangement, flag raising, garden, Junior Red Cross, kindergarten, library, lost and found, and nurse’s aid. Many spiritual values were developed in a study of the United Nations organization in our fifth grade. It began when one child brought a doll and native costume of Norway and told how the way of living there was influenced by the country’s geography. Other pupils reported on other countries; we shared books, dolls, pictures, clippings, and other information. We made a world map and kept up a bulletin board. The children initiated this study, and they accepted their responsibili¬ ties individually and collectively for making it of value. They brought materials of great value to the classroom, shared them, and yet cared for them adequately. They showed great initiative and accepted their re¬ sponsibilities in their activities. Interest in world affairs was aroused. The spirit of cooperation was in evidence thruout this work. The children worked alone, in groups, and as one group as the occasion required. This unit was rich in spiritual values of appreciation. The children learned of the many fine contributions made to the United States from some of the countries we studied. This helped them to understand the real meaning of democracy in our country. It is to be hoped that this understanding will be lasting and beneficial in our own community. Evaluation of the Program Evaluation has been informal but continuous. Various groups of teachers and principals have been asked to submit "Progress Reports” on topics studied and methods used that have been helpful in de¬ veloping moral and spiritual values. Teachers were asked, for exam¬ ple, to give anecdotal records of individuals or groups whose attitudes had appeared to change as a result of the classroom recognition of moral and spiritual values. 134 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS The form of the "Progress Report” blank was such as to help the individual teachers and principals in evaluating their own efforts. In addition to the hundreds of reports on helpful activities and methods, many examples were given of the effects on attitudes and conduct of pupils. Such concrete results were mentioned as less frequent fighting on the playground, promptness in turning in articles and money found in the school, better attitudes toward minority groups, and less cheating. Improvement in unfavorable conditions- received more notice than good conditions that were made better, but there was mention of the latter type of results also. Conclusion The response of parents, pupils, and school faculties to this effort has demonstrated the fact that a need existed for a new emphasis on spiritual values in education. Not only the curriculum division, but the assistant superintendent of schools in charge of elementary edu¬ cation and his staff, did much to encourage the program. The sug¬ gestions to teachers from the central school office have dealt with spirit and approach rather than with time allotments and specific content As a natural consequence the effect .of the suggestions on the various classroom programs has varied from no apparent change to the adoption of many class procedures reflecting a deepened aware¬ ness of spiritual values. The emphasis upon moral and spiritual values cannot be a thing apart, but should be an integral part of school and classroom activi¬ ties. However, a certain amount of direct teaching can be valuable if it is concrete and timely, concerned with a specific issue or incident, and not merely moralistic and didactic. Democratic procedures in the classroom and m the school as a whole are basic to such a program. The interest, enthusiasm, and understanding of the teacher are the primary elements in the emphasis upon spiritual values in education. Chapter IV THE INDIVIDUAL CHILD AND THE INDIVIDUAL TEACHER FIND SPIRITUAL GROWTH Even in unfavorable conditions, some teachers succeed in keeping spiritual values pre-eminent in living with a group of learners. Some teachers, even in a school where ‘the general atmosphere is wholesome and constructive, are out of tune because of their own attitudes. The teacher can develop spiritual values in children only as those values are a part of the teacher's own character. The teaching cannot rise above its source. The nine articles that make up this chapter deal with the opportunities of the individual teacher and the prob¬ lems and response of the individual learner. Teachers of different grades report their agreements as to ways in which spiritual values are developed and give examples from their own classrooms. A principal describes the work of two teachers who used different approaches to build co¬ operation and goodwill. A teacher in a great city tells of a fourth-grade class that lives cooperatively. One article describes a plan by which pupils analyze ethical problem situations as a basis for better individual decisions. A teacher of second grade tells of simple things that make a day of happiness and growth for her pupils. Several articles give brief vignettes, based on observation or personal ex¬ perience, in which an individual has found a new insight, or a new lift of the spirit, or has opened the way for spiritual growth in others. Public schools, Rochester, Minnesota Children experience for themselves the lift of the spirit that comes in respond * ing to beauty and in creating the beautiful Teachers Think Together about Spiritual Values BUCKS COUNTY TEACHERS’ FORUM 1 Bucks County, Pennsylvania T he Bucks County Teachers’ Forum, a group of about thirty teachers chosen from the three hundred sixty elementary teachers of the county, devoted one of its meetings to the discussion of the outline for the 1947 yearbook. As part of the evening’s activities a list of the values toward which the school should direct its effort was evolved. These were grouped under the following heads: personal, social, intellectual, emotional-esthetic, religious, recreational, and physical. The rest of the meeting was spent in discussing the ways in which these values could be developed in the schoolroom. The consensus of the discussion is given in the two paragraphs that follow. Individual reports make up the remainder of the article. The building of values, of a personal, social, intellectual, emo¬ tional-esthetic, recreational, and-physical nature, is a part of the school’s responsibility as definitely as the building of scholastic skills and information. In order to build such values the teacher must be convinced of their worth and aware of their relationship to the accepted activities of the school. But most of all, he himself must exemplify the integration of these values into the personality pattern and social relationships of an adult individual. Only as they are truly a part of his own character can he develop them in the children with whom he works. The greatest agency for the building of these values in the school¬ room is the contagious dissemination which takes place when the mature leader of the group—the teacher—is himself guided by them in his relationships with the immature and imitative members of the group—the children. Articulating them and purposefully inculcat¬ ing them can proceed successfully only when they are first deeply 1 Contributions included from Marion Apgar, Genevieve Bowen, Esther R. Burd, Nellie Main, Laura Riddle, Ethel B. Shicfc, and Eleonore Wittig. [137] 138 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS interwoven into the fabric of the relationships and activities that make up the group’s living together. The following examples reflect the observations of individual teachers of the emergence of spiritual values in the reactions of chil¬ dren to their school experiences. Kindergarten Children Learn To Be Grateful Each day when our lunch is ready we all bow our heads and sing a prayer before we begin to eat. Many parents have told me that the children ask to do this at home also. I have been pleased to find this carry-over from our school habit. In our story hour Bible stories are read, as well as other literature. Children often request these. Many of them bring their own Bible story books for me to read to the group. In our discussion periods, when we talk about nature, the seasons, and weather, the children speak naturally of God’s sending the sunshine and rain to make the plants grow and the flowers bloom. Often poems or songs, too, stress thankfulness for God’s many blessings. Thus chil¬ dren learn to recognize the Source of the beauty and well-being which they enjoy. . . . In kindergarten talking about adult values is not sensible. Instead, we try to live and experience an atmosphere of "Fair Play" among the children, and between teacher and pupils. This can do much to lay a foundation upon which we may build all the other spiritual values that the school hopes to develop. The First Grade Responds to Beauty To strengthen and deepen the spiritual side of our children, we aim to have them feel the presence of God in His handiwork—the dogwood and blooming flowers of spring, the songs of birds, the hills and river, the sunshine and rain, the beauty of an artist’s picture, the melody sung or played by artist or artists, the love of parents, joy in work well done, appreciation of outstanding personalities of those about us, the loving care of One who watches over and cares for us thru all time. Third-Graders Learn Kindness and Responsibility Once, when a child was having a birthday and we wondered what we could do to make him happy, someone said “Let’s tell him all the things we like about him! Since then this has become a custom in our TEACHERS THINK TOGETHER 139 room. Anyone who wishes may tell the "birthday child” some agreeable trait which has been noticed or enjoyed, improvement in work or behavior which has been noted, or any other personal comment which will give him pleasure. It has been a source of amazement to me to see how accurately the children evaluate each other. Only rarely does a child offer an unduly flattering comment. Also, the custom has developed a sense of appre¬ ciation of the best in their associates and a positive attitude toward those with whom they work and play. At first, it was amusing to see them searching for positive comments regarding some children who were not too well liked, and a few times I had to supply a few to save the day. But, significantly enough, this problem has decreased! Even tho he himself is "praised” only once in a year, each child tries, consciously or unconsciously, to develop those qualities which are accepted and appreciated in his classmates. ... I have observed, in the making of gifts at Christmas or Mother’s Day, or in a project for a sick classmate, that the joy and satisfaction of work well done is most easily stimulated. Many times the result obtained is the measure of the degree to which we have been able to express love, sympathy, and thoughtfulness for others. It has given me a great deal of joy to watch a simple project of painting a cheese box and going on a trip to a local florist to purchase flowers to fill it. The door opens here for discussion of ways to express that love in everyday living, thru kind deeds, thoughtfulness, and obedience. . . Since the home coming of many veterans with articles from foreign lands, we have added opportunity to stimulate appreciation for abilities even of our so-called "enemy countries.” There have been many ex¬ pressions of admiration of the workmanship and beauty of the articles, and the thought that people who love beauty and fine workmanship have much to offer to the world. This is one place where the school may grasp an opportunity to develop the spirit of brotherhood and interdependence which we all need. Thru world friendship boxes we can also stimulate the urge to share, to sympathize with, and to understand others. . . Thru experiencing the joys and problems of leadership in a school¬ room committee a child may realize the value of practicing the principle of the Golden Rule. Our third grade has a miniature organization patterned after the organization of our community: Mayor —who tries Day camp, public schools, Vallejo, California Appreciation of natural surroundings leads to better living. 140 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS to keep things going smoothly if the teacher is called out of the room, takes care of papers and of corrected work until closing time; Street Inspector —keeps floors clean, passes wastebasket; Board Inspector — cleans boards, chalk and eraser care; and Florist —cares for flowers and plants. This practice has afforded a splendid opportunity for the teacher to observe traits of leadership and to watch the development of a sense of responsibility and cooperation. Success Helps a Fourth-Grader Vinny is a little fellow whose chief trouble has been his lack of confidence in himself. He is of low IQ and altho he works hard he doesn’t quite measure up to grade standard. At the beginning of the year, when he attempted anything, he would get a worried, hurt look, and just be sure he couldn’t do it. I had encouraged him on several occasions, saying that if he tried he would find he could do far more than he thought. TEACHERS THINK TOGETHER 141 When we started to work on Indian dioramas, Vinny was working on the Seminole group. The chairman of the group was ill a great part of the time. The morning she was first absent Vinny had .brought in a very nicely carved dugout canoe. The children had examined it and pointed out several good features about it before school. I could see that his success was giving him something of what he lacked. When it came time to work on the dioramas in class, I asked Vinny if he would take the place of the chairman. He responded at once and carried on during her absence, showing fine qualities of leadership. The children, too, commended him several times. Only once since then have I seen him fall back into the habit of worrying because he couldn’t do a thing. Introspection in the Sixth Grade For two periods these last several days my sixth-grade pupils and I have talked about our inner feelings. It is a bit difficult for children of this age to think, or put into words or writing something so abstract as a feeling, other than physical. We talked about fine feelings—feelings that made us want to do better and finer things for both ourselves and others. If we have such good feelings, what inspired them—how were they created? Was it anything we did in school—was it when we were alone and quiet, or when we were out-of-doors? Did music, or our art lesson, stimulate them? They wrote their thoughts or messages to me in short statements or letters. Thru these papers I found that Nature in one way or another was responsible for the majority of the group thinking on a higher level. One said when he was alone under a tree he felt that he wanted to be a part of something as beautiful as what he saw around him. A girl said the sun and clear blue sky made her feel as if she must help other people in some way, or make them understand the things she under¬ stands. Two factors which are perhaps responsible for these out-of-door inspirations are- 1. Our thinking is influenced by our environment—these are rural children and therefore closer to nature. 2. Bird Club work for two years may have influenced love of birds, trees, and surroundings Activities of the club included the following: a Carrying on a club meeting b. Carrying on a club program c Carrying on a bird-house building project d. Carrying on a scrap-book contest e. Hikes in the open 142 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS f. Trips to parents’ homes to observe wild flowers, reforesting projects, and picnics. I feel certain that the following are values gained thru this club work, which has given these children an appreciation of their natural surroundings to the extent that proximity to them is somehow giving them a sense of better living: a. A sense of personal responsibility b. Practice in group planning c. Increased skill in accepting responsibility d. Respect for personal property e. Joy in the out-of-doors f. Responsibility in the care and beauty of school grounds g. Preservation of wild life h. A challenge to thinking. Self-Rating Helps a Seventh-Grader One of my girls was very outspoken and often rude. She would not hesitate to say she didn’t like someone, within his hearing. She took a dislike to a new classmate and let her know it at every opportunity. I felt that talking to her would not be helpful, so I decided to try self-evaluation I had a copy of a report card which listed behavior traits. I made copies for all the children and asked them if they would like to check themselves—as they thought they would be rated by their classmates or friends We discussed the items carefully before the check¬ ing began. After each child had checked himself we discussed things in which we all needed to improve and decided to work on these, rechecking ourselves in a month. Little was said about the individual checks, but several children volunteered that they "were going to get rid of their minuses.” Some even suggested that these cards should be sent home if the minuses persisted. No cards have been sent home, and I have heard more exclamations of I m sorry!” or "Please excuse me 1 ” on the playground since then than in all my years of teaching Best of all, the first offender is now the best of friends with the new girl she once "disliked.” Some Ways of Creating Mutual Respect in the Classroom By C. H. ELLIOTT ■ Principal, Burnside School East Hartford, Connecticut M any teachers in their daily work build morale and good feeling among their pupils as a by-product of an enthusiastic and energetic approach to the problems being faced by the pupils in their studies and group relationships. Sometimes an activity developed with one particular group is found to be interesting to successive groups of children and is carried forward from year to year. Two examples of sustained activities that have contributed to the spiritual growth of pupils are reported briefly in this article; other examples could have been used as most teachers develop their own individual differences in ways of dealing creatively with children. Folk Dancing for Fun One teacher used folk dancing as a medium for building group understanding and class spirit in her seventh-grade classroom. She dances well herself, plays the accordion, and is enthusiastic about folk dancing. As a college student she was one of a group selected to demonstrate the various folk dances. Folk dancing is an important part of the culture of any people, be they American, French, Russian, or German. Many of the dances reflect the spirit and character as well as the thinking and attitudes of the people. Peoples from practically every section of the world have contributed to the American culture. Folk dancing and folk music are gifts of the immigrant peoples to the making of the United States. In school, folk dancing is readily tied in with work in the social studies. We have no gymnasium and use a grim, basement room with concrete floor and walls for physical-education work when the weather is too severe to go outdoors. The dreary old basement be- [143] 144 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS came quite cheerful and lively when this teacher’s seventh-grade boys and girls of several backgrounds learned the dances of different countries. To,see them it was obvious they were having fun. Some would think this was a waste of taxpayers’ money, and a waste of time. But the experience with folk dances helped to develop a better feeling among the children and a. greater respect for peoples of every group. In class they studied the history, geography, arts, and customs of the peoples whose folk dances they learned. Individual Good Citizenship—the Concern of All One teacher of the eighth grade achieves success thru creating the feeling that her thirty-five pupils are one large class family, each interested in what every other pupil is doing and all interested in the welfare of the class as a group. Early in one year, the class constitution was drawn up by the chil¬ dren and written on the board where it was in plain sight at all times. The eight rather simple rules were really'quite comprehensive, and still they did not set a goal impossible to reach. Our .Constitution 1. I shall keep myself healthy, clean, and neat. 2. I shall conduct myself in a considerate, orderly manner at all times. 3. I shall cultivate friendliness and generosity of spirit in my relations with others. 4. I shall try to make other people happy 5. I shall work to the best of my ability. 6. I shall strive to be kind, helpful, and polite to others. 7. I shall be honest with myself and my work. 8. I shall strive to be quiet and gentle in my actions. The teacher loved children and loved teaching On the basis of a rich background of experience she understood how to provide ac¬ tivities to stimulate an atmosphere of happy, purposeful industry in the classroom. Each child was helped to use all of his endow¬ ments and to work up to capacity. mutual respect in the classroom 145 There was a feeling of "togetherness” in this class family. The teacher tried to give each child a sense of emotional security, a feeling of being loved and wanted. She tried to help each individual achieve self-balance and social balance. The children were allowed freedom and were taught how to use it. Each month the class elected officers—a president and a secretary. Pupils were always led to consider the effect of their conduct on other people. Much effort was put into impressing the pupils with the importance of regard for the welfare and comfort of others. Several large projects were undertaken that allowed opportunity for correlation of work in social studies, art, language, spelling, and various forms of self-expression, which at the same time provided opportunities for cooperation, courtesy, and mutual respect. For example, the class constructed a Columbus play, sentence by sen¬ tence, from the contributions of each child. The production called for unified effort toward a common goal; pride in each other’s achievements; mutual help; mutual criticism in a friendly, construc¬ tive spirit; no egotism; and no jealousy. The classroom emphasis was on cooperation rather than competi¬ tion. The children were eager to help each other. Every good piece of work was praised and all progress was- appreciated. Quarrels in the classroom or playground seldom occurred. While the children’s behavior was not perfect the’ noticeable thing about the group was the feeling of good fellowship within the class. They took pride in the achievement of any large sustained piece of group work. As a culmination of the year’s efforts the children wrote a book which they called Builders of Democracy. The emphasis was on the ethics of human relations in a democracy. Service to humanity was recognized as one of the attributes of human greatness. Enthusiasm Is Contagious In both of these classrooms, an enthusiastic focus on one type of activity carried over into ideals and relationships that to a certain extent permeated the life of the classroom. The atmosphere is one of happiness and mutual sharing in projects that give the pupils a sense of achievement and growth. Living at High Levels in a Large City System By MABEL KENNEDY Teacher of English, Andrew S. Draper Junior High School, New York, New York W ithin recent years a new curriculum for the elementary schools of New York City has been in the process of con¬ tinuous development. It emphasizes child growth and development, and stresses the continuity and the interrelationships of learning. The new program gives the teacher many opportunities for the guidance of children toward the attainment of such spiritual values as kindness, generosity, integrity of thought and action, respect for others, respect for self, appreciation of beauty, self-direction, effec¬ tive cooperation, sense of duty, and loyalty. Success of the program rests with the teacher. Organization, curriculum, equipment, impor¬ tant as they are, count for little except as they are vitalized by the living personality of the teacher. To promote spiritual growth in the children, the teacher must be aware of spiritual values himself. Children are not born with appreciation of spiritual values; this insight must be acquired. Guiding Principles The basic principles laid down in the bulletin Curriculum De¬ velopment in the Elementary Schools form the nucleus of the official program of elementary education for the city of New York. 1 These fundamental guides to procedure and philosophy may be sum¬ marized as follows: 1. A flexible and adaptable daily program 2 Cooperative teacher-pupil planning, teacher as a guide 3. Sharing of experiences 4. Sharing of responsibilities and practicing self-discipline 1 New York City Board of Education nculum Bulletin, 1945-46 Senes, No 1 Curriculum Development m the Elementary Schools, Cur- New York the Board, 1945. p 219 [146} HIGH LEVELS IN A LARGE CITY 147 5. Purposeful learnings. There must be a desire for whatever work is undertaken and the real purpose must be apparent to the child 6. Vitali 2 ed learnings based on actual classroom experiences 7. Adaptation of learnings to the slow learner and enrichment for the gifted child 8. Gradual rather than forced or hurried learning 9. Significant and effective drill, adjusted to individual needs 10. Provision for individual progress in planning activities so that every child has a measure of success and gratification in his accomplish¬ ment. The teacher must have a complete understanding of these basic principles before he can proceed to plan and organize his work. The children learn from the teacher to value certain things and to reject or disregard others. The teacher influences their outlook on life, and their attitudes toward themselves and toward others. This article outlines the activities in one class of fourth-grade pupils, aged nine to ten years. It reveals various ways in which the program utilizes ethical, esthetic, and emotional experiences that help to elevate and free the human spirit. Planning Together for Cheerful Surroundings As soon as the teacher received the class he made a thoro study of the pupils’ records, in order to get a picture of their abilities, achievements, and personality traits. Under his guidance the chil¬ dren proceeded to discuss ways of arranging their classroom so that it would be bright, cheerful, and orderly This gave the pupils an opportunity to develop values thru practice in making choices. One group decided to construct a class museum Several wooden orange boxes were brought in, placed one upon the other, and painted. Contributions from members of the class were labeled and arranged upon its shelves. These consisted of shells, moneys from foreign lands, rock specimens, cotton bolls, various kinds of grains such as rye, wheat, rice, and barley. Another group undertook to prepare a permanent bulletin board for the display of weekly news items. Still another group assisted the teacher in the arrangement of an attractive library comer where books for varying reading abilities 148 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS and interests were displayed. The children also helped the teacher in transplanting and arranging plants for the window sills. The pupils voted for their various class officers. These included a presi¬ dent, vicepresident, secretary, librarian, assistant librarians, class museum curator, gardener, assistant gardeners, housekeepers, and reporter to care for bulletin board. The roster of officers was posted in a conspicuous place for reference. All of these duties may be regarded as potential learning opportunities. Thru them the children could gradually learn to assume responsibility to the class. Broadening Interests The children responded wholeheartedly to a clothing campaign that was in progress early in the term. As the children discussed the various reasons for the campaign they became aware of the needs of little boys and girls just like themselves in other parts of the world. The teacher displayed pictures and provided stories from the Junior Red Cross News that made the needs very real. These sug¬ gestions led the class to decide to have a term unit called "Children Around the World.” The teacher posted beautifully colored "pictures from the National Geographic Magazine i showing scenes of Switzer¬ land, the Netherlands, China, Alaska, and Canada. The teacher and her children proceeded together to block out the work for the term. Acting as guide, the teacher provided opportuni¬ ties for the children to make decisions and to assume responsibilities suited to their maturity and capacity, The teacher sought to promote growth in self-reliance, self-direction, self-discipline, and the under¬ standing of democratic relationships. Four groups of people were chosen for study: Eskimos, Swiss, Dutch, and Chinese, Since the children later said that they enjoyed the study of the Netherlands best, a brief description is given of the procedures followed. Thru thought-provoking questions the teacher elicited from the class topics that they wished to study about the Netherlands. Then, the class divided itself into committees to do research on such topics as climate, food, dress, market places, animals, birds, farms, homes, music, sports, customs, and dances. Each committee chose a leader high levels in ,a large city 149 whose duties were to post the names of those serving, to report to the class on progress made, and to assume responsibility for sharing materials and supplies. The first function of each committee was to compile a bibliog¬ raphy. The teacher placed a great number of attractive books about the Dutch in the library. The books were adapted to the various comprehension levels of the pupils. While the children were using the classroom books there was a fine spirit of good fellowship, fair play, and thoughtfulness for others. If one child found a story or article on another child’s topic the book was passed to that person, and if two or three people needed the same book it was willingly and freely shared. Pupils need many such opportunities for free and informal'associations. Participation in satisfactory social experi¬ ences reinforces the learning associated with these experiences. Many Dutch stories were read. Some original stories and poems were writ¬ ten using the Netherlands as a background. Each child had the opportunity to express himself freely and in a creative way. Great emphasis was placed on the process of self-expression, which flowered in the presentation of a play that was written, costumed, and acted by the class. Growing in judgment and Self-Control Pupils seemed to experience growth and satisfaction in planning - with the teacher for each day’s activities. They placed the program on the board so that it could be referred to during the day. The schedule was flexible and adapted to the current interests and needs. Time for individual or group instruction was prolonged or inter¬ changed when necessary. It is only thru daily experiences that the children grow in ability to budget their time; to anticipate problems, difficulties, and opportunities; and to deal completely with them. In seeking the attainment of spiritual values, the teacher must guide the experiences of the children so that there is continuous growth. He must be ever ready to adjust plans to group or individual needs. He must provide many opportunities for practice in making value judgments. Insistence upon courtesy should be the starting 150 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS point and no breach in good manners should be overlooked. The teacher must set the example by being completely courteous to the children. Each child should be made aware of the teacher’s special consideration for him. Children love attention and they are great imitators. To treat a child with firmness, but in a kind and courteous manner, contributes to the child’s progress in self-discipline and to wholesome personal growth. Art and Music as Gateways to Understanding In order to broaden the experiences of the children and to en¬ courage creativeness, the teacher arranged for the showing of slides, filmstrips, and movies. A trip to the Museum of the City of New York proved most profitable. The exhibits were stimulating and helped to intensify the mental pictures acquired from reading. Art activities planned by the children included a sandtable project and a blackboard frieze. These projects gave opportunity for the teacher to guide the children in appreciation of color, form, and harmony, and in skill in producing them. In carrying on these activities, the children showed great appreciation, happiness, and satisfaction in work well done. The spiritual values attained from this feeling of self-fulfilment were truly great. The children received many opportunities to see and discuss good pictures. Thru contacts with fine examples of art they weie led to a deeper appreciation and love of beauty This was manifested by the large picture collection which the children contributed to the "Class Art Book.” Knowing that the classroom itself would have a great influence on the mental and emotional attitudes of the children, the teacher displayed a few inspirational pictures which were changed frequently. Care was taken in the arrangement of items on the bulletin boards, the mounting of pictures, and the changing of exhibits Soon the children assumed these responsibilities. Artistic arrangements made by the teacher had a marked influence on the children’s be¬ havior and creative responses. One day Fred brought a package of Dutch pictures from the public library When his group leader called upon him for his contribution, HIGH LEVELS IN A LARGE CITY 151 he said, "I can’t read like you, so I can’t tell you anything about what I read. But I have brought some beautiful pictures which I’ll talk about.” He gave such an interesting talk that it was followed by spontaneous applause. Moreover, the class president offered to help him with his reading, whereupon several others offered to do the same. Fred was overjoyed at the extra attention from the group. The teacher noted that during the remedial-reading periods Fred worked assiduously for the first time. After this he showed constant improvement. This cooperative participation exemplified the true meaning of spiritual values. It gave the boy faith in himself and in the knowledge that untiring effort will bring success. The new program recognizes the fact that the acquisition of values thru group experiences takes place not only by being in a group but also by self-expression in the group, and by being a member of a group as it expresses itself Therefore, great stress is_ put on music for it allows the child to express his emotions thru individual and group activities. These activities might be rhythmic, vocal, and instrumental. In addition to other musical experiences, such as listen¬ ing to records and interpreting Dutch songs and dances with imagination, they organized a class band. The music period was always one of keen enjoyment. Constant Awareness Required The teacher must seize every moment of the day to guide experi¬ ences so that minds and hearts will respond to happiness, goodness, and beauty. His efforts may not be seen immediately but with con¬ stant striving, impressions will be made and expressions will be sure to follow. Take for instance the exclamation of the boy who suddenly stood still to gaze out of a window. "Look,” he said, "the river looks like a sheet of liquid gold.” Not only did this boy feel a deep appreciation for the beauty of the water shimmering in the afternoon sun but he wanted to share it with others. Case Studies in Ethical Values By THOMAS E. ROBINSON Superintendent oj Schools, Mercer County, Trenton, New Jersey T he teaching of high ethical values and acceptable patterns of behavior is a major task of the school for learners of all ages. Yet the emphasis in the elementary school on ethical development of its learners can be more easily justified in point of returns than can a similar emphasis placed in any other area of the school or¬ ganization. There is reason to believe that from birth onward the child pro¬ gressively becomes more difficult to train in character, moral con¬ duct, and ethical values The home, which has the first opportunity to mold the child spiritually, thus is the most important societal agency. The nursery school, in the few school districts in which it exists, occupies a strategic position in the field of ethical develop¬ ment, since it receives the child at a very malleable age. But the first educational agency that enrols practically all of the children of all the people is the elementary school, in which pupils live and learn with other children from the age of five thru early adolescence. By the time the children reach secondary school their ethical patterns have become fairly well outlined. Much of the elementary school’s work in the field of ethical values must of necessity be directed at individuals, and must of necessity depend upon the character of the teacher for its success. Yet there is a type of group experience, designed to build understanding and clear thinking, that is beneficial to all children. It can form the ‘bedrock upon which individual guidance can be firmly built. Several schools with which the writer has been associated have attempted to provide group experiences in understanding and prac¬ ticing ethical values thru the study of problems. They have felt that the best way to make pupils think of the principles that govern social conduct is to face them with a real problem to think thru. Most pupils like the concreteness of a problem (as do most adults); [152] CASE STUDIES IN ETHICAL VALUES 153 it brings principles of conduct out of the abstract and into the clear light of experience. These schools built a series of problems, approximately forty in all, dealing with situations that might occur in schools. Typical of the problems constructed was the following: The Case of the Misspelled Word Two boys are in a spelling contest conducted over a radio station just before Christmas. A prize of $5 will go to the winner. The parents of Christopher are quite wealthy. The other boy, Peter, is very poor and in need of the prize money. Finally the two boys alone remain in the contest. The judge asks Christopher to spell sarsaparilla. Chris¬ topher can spell the word, but he feels that Peter needs the prize money more than he does. Christopher purposely misspells the word, and Peter wins the contest. Discussion Guides 1. What was the purpose of the contest? 2. Was Christopher dishonest when he purposely misspelled the word? 3. Did Christopher have any duty to himself?, to Peter? to radio station? Do You Believe 1. That Christopher did the right thing? Yes_No_ . 2 - eve ryone should do his best at all times, regardless of the circumstances? Yes - No _ 1 Definite Procedures Help Crystallize Views In studying problems, a definite procedure is usually advisable. The following plan was used successfully in several schools: 1. Select a pupil to read the problem orally, as the others follow the problem on the blackboard. All the conditions of the problem should be clearly understood before the discussion begins. 2. Appoint a student discussion leader who has previously been given sufficient time to study the problem thoroly. 3. Let the pupils discuss the problem, using when necessary the iscussion questions to keep their arguments focused on the solution. Boston Ginn and E ‘’ ^ Robmson ' Richard R. Growing through Problems. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 154 4. Ask the teacher not to insert her own opinions, altho she may formulate questions calculated to guide irrelevant reasoning back to the problem. 5. Make no attempt to limit the discussion of a problem to one day. Some problems can profitably be utilized for several periods of discussion before the pupils are ready to render their decisions on the answer. 6. At the end of the discussion, have the discussion leader ask pupils with opposing views to summarize, in brief form, the positions they are defending, with the arguments they are using to support their positions. 7. After the problem has been completely discussed, permit each pupil to vote his opinion on paper. 8. After the results are tabulated, have the teacher explain the reasons that probably underlie the voting trends. The opportunity is present, Public schools, Dej Moines, Iowa Learning can be fun. Intellectual insight and creative thinking bring a thrill to the thinker, whatever his level of accomplishment. CASE STUDIES IN ETHICAL VALUES 155 however, for the teacher to bring to the attention of the students certain arguments that she feels they may have disregarded or underemphasized . 2 The problems used for discussion must be real problems. They must contain in themselves a sufficient number of elements to permit an honest difference of opinion. If there is unanimity of opinion regarding the correct solution, it is probable that the problem is a poor one. The Use of Problems Encourages Thinking Students, by the problems they meet and think their way thru, build their own lives. Nothing is more important in education today than (a) helping pupils build their lives on a strong foundation of thoughtfully acquired habits of attitude and conduct, and (b) developing in them the habit of thinking thru a problem. Pupils develop attitudes, ideals, standards, and behavior patterns best when teacher guidance is indirect. The desire of pupils to meet the standards set by pupil companions is more important than the teacher’s enunciation of 'correct principles of behavior, and any sermonizing about them. Experience has shown that the majority of pupils in almost any group either have ingrained in them cor¬ rect attitudes or have the ability- io reach sound conclusions when opportunities to solve problems are placed before them. There is a decided inclination for pupils who possess unethical standards of conduct or who reach unsound conclusions to accept the decisions of the majority in order that they may enjoy the social approval of their group. And history has shown that no standard of behavior or con¬ duct can be observed and enforced unless the huge majority of people accept and approve it. . In general, the problem approach produces outcomes that are four¬ fold: (a) it brings about the improvement of the ability to take part in discussion groups; (b) it helps to clarify the background of many behavior situations; (c) it aids in the development of guiding principles of conduct; and (d) it strengthens oral language abilities. After a few of the problems have been studied, pupils become * Op. cit., p. 3-6, adaptation. 156 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS alert in uncovering problems peculiar to their own school that lend themselves for discussion. A good practice is to permit pupils to write, in their own words, problems that they encounter and leading ques¬ tions to guide discussion. In writing the problems, pupils should be asked to remove or disguise all names and identifying details. The original problems, thus secured, provide good materials for a more extended study, or they may be used as fresh material for discussion in the following year. It will be found that: 1. Many pupils do not possess a strong background of knowledge regarding what is right and what is wrong. Teachers who have long been punishing pupils for obvious lapses of conduct have suddenly discovered that there is a job to do in building the foundation of moral principles that we have assumed was already the possession of all pupils. 2. Few problems met by children can be solved by automatic adher¬ ence to right principles of ethics. Today’s problems are complicated. Often there is no wholly correct answer. Solutions are painted not in blacks and whites, but in grays and shades. Thinking is required to apply ethical standards to complicated problems. 3. Pupils who think thru problems before they actually occur—with the pressure of emotion absent—are more likely to respond correctly in similar situations that arise later, because they apply to the solution the ethical principles that have been developed thru unhampered reasoning. Conclusion The chief enemies of correct attitudes, high ethical standards, and fine spiritual conceptions are ignorance, prejudices, and lack of reasoning. It is the writer’s conviction, based on his experience, that great progress can be made in developing and elevating group ethical stand¬ ards thru the use of well-constructed problems, discussed demo¬ cratically, and solved cooperatively on the basis of reasoning. For in the solution of problems, discussed dispassionately, un¬ handicapped by the emotions that permeate every actual situation after it has arisen, ignorance is dispelled, prejudices are revealed in their true colors, and the essential habit of critical, constructive think¬ ing is strengthened. A Child’s Trouble, the Teacher’s Opportunity By HERMAN SCHREIBER Principal, Public School 26, Brooklyn, New York H e was a bad boy by the usual standards. He had failed to make those adjustments to his classmates and to his teacher that usually mean peaceful, cooperative living with those about him. Matters had been made worse by the sudden departure of his teacher for enlistment in one of the auxiliary branches of the armed forces. For a number of weeks, he and his classmates had been broken up into groups and deposited with different teachers in the school. Finally a new teacher was added to the staff and the class was ' reconstituted. A new teacher, capable, fresh, resourceful, faced this new group with fears that she could not define. At the end of the first day she was a very discouraged person. The close of the second day still found her somewhat depressed at her failure to win over the group. On the third morning, a situation and an inspiration combined to clear the clouded skies. On this morning the "bad boy” came to school alone and late as usual. As he walked to the rear of the room, the teacher caught sight of his shirt thru the open seam of his jacket. Instead of scolding him for his lateness she asked instead whether he knew that his coat seam was completely open. The boy bitterly replied that he did and almost in tears explained that his mother had refused to sew it for him. The teacher said, "Let’s do it right now! Can you sew a little?” An affirmative answer was enough. The teacher suggested that they both sew it together, she starting at one end of the seam and he at the other. They met in the middle good friends, and with a repair job finished that was admired by the other pupils. There was a touch here of home—a home the boy did not know. For the first time he had the feeling of belonging—a knowledge of acceptance by his group. The element of security which is every child’s [157] 158 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS birthright in the home and one of his "inalienable” rights in the school, denied him up to now, was now to be his, at least in school. He was beginning to know the success that matters most to the human being as a social animal—-winning the recognition and affirmation of the group. This is the meaning of the phrase, "the mental hygiene approach in education”—the warm understanding that gives a sense of security, that brings psychic comfort to the troubled, that applies "success psychology” to the social situation. The schools need a better distribution of simple human kindness of and by teachers, principals, and supervisors for the children. A monopoly of kindness, in which all the kindly wisdom and gentle understanding is in the hands of principal or supervisor, will not do. Rather, what is needed is something like the practical idealism and philosophy of the consumer cooperative where everybody works to¬ gether and shares together for the common good. Under such condi- • tions only can an adequate supply of genuine kindness reach our ultimate consumer, who in the school situation is the child. Courage is a form of self-reliance. Let us definitely teach each boy and girl that in the final analysis it is the quality of his own soul that determines his destiny. If he can face the future with faith in himself and in the contribution he has to make to the world—if he can accept his fellowmen with appreciation and good will—he will have the courage it takes to live the good life. -PUBLIC SCHOOLS, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, Moral and Spiritual Values in Education He Who Conquers Himself By F. B. SMITH Principal , Newton Booth School, Sacramento, California T he new principal was a trifle skeptical of the judgment of the apparently stable and capable teachers who accepted the leader¬ ship of Bobby M., a fifth-grade student, without question. Altho the only fifth-grader on the traffic patrol, he was the assistant captain. He proved to be a good student, cooperative, and extremely popular with both boys and girls, but the principal wondered if the high esteem of the teachers accounted for his leadership. One day in a baseball game Bobby was captain of the losing side, playing his heart out and receiving no support, for all the best players were on the opposite side. He was pitching his best tho tears of anger ran down his cheek. The physical-education teacher stopped the game and talked quite sensibly to the boys on both sides. To the winners she expressed disapproval of those who won by taking all the best players. The losers she chided for poor sportsmanship for not playing their best even tho the odds were against them. She singled Bobby out and said, ''Bobby, a fellow must learn self-control before he is fit for important leadership.” Not long afterward, Bobby and another member of the junior traffic patrol brought two boys into the principal’s office for fighting. The story was as usual on such occasions—neither one was to blame according to his version. Then Bobby asked permission to say some¬ thing. Quietly he said "You know, the other day when I was so mad I was crying? Well, Mrs. Young told me I had to conquer myself if I ever wanted to amount to anything.” There was a stunned silence. Then the boys who had been fighting suddenly seemed to understand that the trouble was in themselves. The interview was over, so far as the principal was concerned, for the boys had reached a vital decision. Thereafter the principal joined the chorus of "Let Bobby M. do it,” because he had learned the secret of Bobby’s leadership, which was ability plus humility. [ 159 ] Light on Today’s Children By PETER H. SNYDER Principal, John Adams School, San Diego, California T he seven little stories that follow are all true. They remind us that spiritual values are missing from some children's environ¬ ments; the school must receive these children where they are and lead them as far as possible toward the good life. Whatever the handicaps, some children rise above them toward honesty and brother¬ hood. Values in Reverse Most parents are glad to support the efforts of the school to build spiritual values. But not always. Here is an example that may help to explain the difficulty some children have in learning to be co¬ operative and responsible citizens. The Doanes had visitors, including a little boy about five years old. Next door neighbor, Mrs. Baker, found him in her garden pulling up her onions. Approximately the following conversation took place: "Oh, here! You mustn’t do that. Look! These are mine because they are this side of that cement. I want them to grow big. You mustn’t pull them out. That isn’t right. I’ll get a pail of water now, and we’ll see if we can put them back so they’ll grow.’’ The little fellow took it all right. Then there was an interruption from the Doanes yard. "What you bawlin’ that kid out for, lady? Huh?” "I’m not bawling him out. I’m explaining to him that I don’t want him pulling up my onions.” "I’ll go down and buy ya some onions if ya want onions. Just leave the kid alone, that’s all.” "I don’t .want you to buy me any onions. I simply want to show the boy not to pull up people’s things that they have growing. Now he’s interested to help, ...” ’Come-mere Joe! Get out-a there. I’ll go buy ya some onions if ya need ’em that bad. Let the kid alone.” [ 160 ] light on today’s CHILDREN 161 What Parents Teach Dan is a little thief. We’ve all been victims, nearly. Books, crayons, toys, lunches, bicycles, lunch money, candy, teacher’s money, mother’s rent money, and countless other items passed thru his hands. Those were what we found out about; an apalling list for a first-grader. The last three bicycle thefts brought juvenile court action, but he is still with us—a ward of the court in his parents’ custody. His father is a naval officer. The teachers and I, the nurse, the visiting teacher, and the proba¬ tion office worker have been trying to determine why Danny steals. An older brother’s teacher, in discussing boats, asked if any of the class had been on a battleship. Danny’s older brother said he had. He went on to say: "My father took us on the boat during Christmas vacation for dinner When we got to the table, I said: 'Look. That’s the same kind of silver we have at home’.” Entangling Alliances The kindergarten teacher asked June to take a note home to her mother. June asked, "Which mother?” It developed there was a divorce. Both her parents had married again,.and she lived sometimes with one and then the other. The teacher asked which she was living with now. "I’m living with my grandma now.” "All right. Will you take a note to grandma?” "Which grandma?” It developed that mother’s mother and father’s mother were both living. Also, father’s new wife’s mother was a nice grandma, but mother’s new husband’s mother was the grandma June was with now. The note said something or other about cooperation. The principal said, "Skip it!” Demonstration Lesson The camp nature counselor, Ryan, was an animal trainer as well as a fine teacher. He was also a practical psychologist. One of his 162 ELEMENTARY. SCHOOL PRINCIPALS principles of education or training was: "If you can’t think, you’ll have to feel.” The camp director had a standard rule that there should be no corporal punishment. This didn’t bother Ryan. With a few minutes to kill one day, Ryan introduced the game of "Swat Tag.” You know the game—a circle; a paddle; take the fellow on your right around the ring when you get the paddle, paddling him lightly all the way. The game went well until Joe got the paddle. Joe was a bully. The boy on his right was a trusting little mouse, and Joe fairly blistered him at every step around the ring. Ryan asked for the paddle to show Joe something. "Look, Joe.” (WHACK!) "Now that hurt, didn’t it?” Joe bounced from the lift he had received. "Ye-e-es sir.”. "And that didn’t hurt, did it ? ”—swatting lightly. "No sir. That didn’t hurt.” "Well then, don’t hit like THIS!” Sequel: Joe learned quickly. For a Better World San Diego city schools this year offered the sixth-graders an oppor¬ tunity for a week’s camping experience with their teachers, the trips to be scheduled at the city-county camp. As the John Adams group reached the outskirts of San Diego on the way home, one girl remarked: "Well, we’re back to civilization again.” There was a noticeable silence. Another girl spoke up "I don’t call this so civilized. People do lots more for each other at camp.” Born Color-Blind One day a Negro woman asked the principal if there were any Negro boys in a certain Cub Scout Pack. She wanted her boy in that pack but didn't want him to be the only colored boy. The principal said he would find out. A few days later he met one of the Cubs in uniform. He asked him, "Arthur, are there any colored boys in your Cub Pack?” Arthur Henry Gtchner, Washington, D C. Kindness provides the friendly warmth so necessary for growing thin tJC light on TODAY’S CHILDREN 163 thought a bit, looked up seriously, and replied: ”1 don’t know. I never looked.” Character Stuff Honest Abe Lincoln, the store clerk, walked three miles to give a customer a few cents change that had been overlooked when she made her purchases. That anecdote has its counterpart in our affairs practically every day, but we are apt to overlook it in our concern over juvenile delinquency. Jerry came into my office about quarter past one, wanting to talk with me. He had just come from Junior Traffic Patrol. I asked what was on his mind. ”1 was horsing around out on duty and Chapman ...” I interrupted him. We have a strict rule that the police officers shall be called 164 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS ■'Officer” rather than merely by the surname. I asked Jerry if he knew how to speak of the officer. He said he did, so I had him wait a while and then start over. When he started, he took a new approach. "When Officer Chapman took over our patrol, Officer Hanson bet him five dollars he wouldn’t find any hoi sing around at John Adams School.” "All right, Jerry, Officer Chapman caught you horsing around and sent you in to me. Is that it?” "No, sir. He didn’t send me in. I came in.” "Well, that’s in your favor, Jerry. But you know, that will have to come up in sergeant’s meeting. You may go to your room now.” I turned to the inner office. Jerry caught my hand and asked me to wait a minute. I felt something in my hand. It was a five dollar bill. I looked at Jerry. There were tears in his eyes, but he met my look. "Where did you get this?” "At home.” "Have you been clear home and back?” He nodded. "And you asked your mother for this?” "No.” "You took it out of her purse without asking?” "No, sir. It’s my money.” "You mean what you were saving?” Jerry’s Up quivered, and the tears were spilling over. "I was saving for a catcher’s mitt, but I don’t want Hanson to lose on John Adams School for what I did.” I handed back the money. "Here, Jerry, let me see first if I can’t find a way to fix it up on the bet. We’ll talk the offense over at ser¬ geants’ meeting.” He took the money. "I meant Officer Hanson.” Whatever the Weather By JUANITA STEELE Teacher of Second Grade, Beardskear School, Ames, Iowa I N many primary schoolrooms, when the children have assembled, they join in singing: Good morning to you! Good morning to you! Whatever the weather We’ll make it together, In work or in play, A beautiful day! 1 What makes a day beautiful regardless of the weather? What puts sunshine into the room, tho blizzards may rage outside? Happiness, a feeling of proper self-esteem and respect for fellow citizens, appre¬ ciation of beauty in things both tangible and intangible—these and other spiritual qualities build into that "beautiful day." Wonders of the Universe A child’s innate interest in the wonders of natural science often reveals itself in a glow of marveling esteem. The pollen pockets on a bee’s legs, the airy and minute seeds of the huge cottonwood tree, the strata in a stone found in one’s own back yard, the delicate pattern of a butterfly’s wing, the emergence of a Cecropia moth from its homely cocoon—cdn anyone see or know of these and countless other specimens of natural phenomena without a consciousness of pattern—and a marveling? In orally sharing personal experiences, children relate such events and activities as the birth of kittens, the death and burial of a pet dog, feeding elephants at a circus, currying a much loved and generously shared pony. The observer sees on the faces of fellow classmates a responsive joy, sympathy, or appreciative recognition. 1 Parker, Horatio, and others. Progressive Music Setter, Book One , Boston Silver Burdette Co., 1915. ‘'Good Morning/' p 5 f 1651 166 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Art Brings Release Art materials, particularly modeling clay, are mediums of expres¬ sion which contribute much toward the all-round development of a child. One little fellow, dominated at home, sometimes treated un¬ kindly by his playmates, often handled his clay with a seeming ven¬ geance, and as often, finished with beautiful clay figures. One day he came to the teacher with a three-inch lion’s head on the fore¬ finger of one hand, in the manner of a finger puppet, and a little mouse of clay saucily perched in the other hand. He told her that the little mouse wasn’t one bit afraid of the snarling big beast, and then he demonstrated with a growling and squeaking dialog between the two. Was this an expression of that boy’s idea of justice? Dramatic play contributes much toward helping a child find him¬ self. Often a timid child, particularly in puppetry, loses himself in playing a character part, and in so doing wins the praise of his class¬ mates—praise which gives him a needed boost to his self-confidence. Likewise, the child who wants to be the whole show may be "put Public schools, ’Washington County, Maryland The school sets the stage for experiences in successful achievement and helps the child to make the most of them. WHATEVER THE WEATHER 167 in his place” by a cast or audience of classmates who disapprove of his ruining their play by "showing off.” Dancing and creative music are other potential mediums for the development of spiritual values in the schoolroom. Fair Play Brings Sunshine Let us go out of the classroom into the hall and onto the play¬ ground. There, also, we shall find happiness and friendly rapport among children, teachers, and principal if democratic living is prac¬ ticed In such a school system, success is enjoyed and shared by all. The child who has erred is sure of justice and a new chance after he has done his best to right the wrong. Each teacher, too, knows that his mistakes will be regarded understandingly, because he has earn¬ estly tried to do. and be his best. The principal has to be fair and sympathetic in all his dealings if growth in spiritual values in any given school is to be real. Any school administered in a dictatorial manner will in consequence usually have unhappy, wrangling teachers. In the happy school the principal may be assured that the teachers and the children of his school admire and respect him for his fairness, efficiency, democratic principles, and friendly sympathy. His mistakes, too, are viewed with understanding. Only in an environment of mutual respect and confidence can the child develop appreciations and acquire ideals that lead him to a higher level—and will make for him each day a beautiful day, "what¬ ever the weather.” If we work upon marble, it will perish. . . . But if we work upon men’s immortal minds, if we imbue them with high principles, with the just fear of God and the love of their fellow men, we engrave on those tablets something which no time can efface. —DANIEL WEBSTER. 1852 Spiritual Values That Haunt the Memory By UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO' SUMMER-SCHOOL STUDENTS University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado I N the summer of 1946, the chairman of the Editorial Committee was on the faculty of the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo¬ rado. He explained to his classes the plan and purpose of the yearbook on spiritual values in the elementary schools and asked the students who would do so to give him brief statements from their own ex¬ perience which demonstrated the meaning or growth of spiritual values. Fifty-two students 1 complied with this request. Some of their state¬ ments dealt with their own childhood experiences, some with the reactions of their pupils, and some with observations of other teach¬ ers. A selection from these sketches is presented in this chapter. Many of these incidents deal with commonplace, everyday happen¬ ings—incidents so trivial that they might have passed without notice. And yet they have been remembered. These simple happenings may be representative of the opportunities that are open to adults to make the difference between success and failure for many children. The impression gained from these vignettes is first, sadness at the weight of loneliness, fear, and defeat that so many children carry; second, perplexity that so many teachers fail to respond to these 1 Statements were submitted by the following' Geneva Anderson Thelma Anderson Hannah C. Andrews Phyllis Barratt O L. Bolden Margaret Cardy Winnie K. Carnahan Louise F. Caspans Dalziel Cobb Lois Irene Coffman Anita Cowan Gladys M. Davies William S. Eader Irma Faber Felva D Farnsworth Ruth Faulk Ardith Friedaw Ruth Yvonne Fullin gim Voncile Gallemore Florence Myrtle Goetz Inez V Gustafson Ruth Hall Henry W. Harlan Frances Hawkins J. Martin Jacquet Mina Jerde Agmta Johnson Helen L. Johnson Wilma E Johnson Mildred Johnston G A. Jones H L. King Eunice Kishman Dons Kringlee Maggie Ruth McCaleb F. D. McFalls Kay W McMillan Ann Matthews Nellie I Minnis Sibyl Mosby M Regmer Kathryn Riordan Edna Routson Hester Scott Donna Shreve Lena Lee Smith Pearl Spaugh Helen Stevens Mae Sullivan Roberta Tipps Ethel Walker Irene Wilson [ 168 ] VALUES THAT HAUNT THE MEMORY 169 urgent human needs; and third, a pride in the teaching profession for those who do give the helping hand or open the door of under¬ standing so that lives are given new hope and new levels of insight. Teachers with the Magic Touch Teaching by living —It seems odd to try to put down in words all the things my father did for me. Until now, I’d never thought of them as spiritual experiences, but as cherished bits that sometimes flash upon the inward eye. When I was little, he gave me security. Just to sit on his lap was to feel safe; and to feel the strength of his hand on mine was to drift to sleep in confidence. When I was a bit older, he taught me justice. I had become quite cocksure of having him always on my side. One day he sided with my brother! I can recall yet my shock, followed by a queer feeling of fitness —I knew I was wrong. Still later he taught me to do the hard thing—to face what I fear. The new puppy wasn’t the'stay-put, picture-book dog I’d expected him to be. I was quite afraid. My father made me get over it. I don’t remem¬ ber how—except once. I felt very uncomfortable because he knew I wasn't really so interested in the Sears Roebuck Catalog that I couldn’t go out and get acquainted with the puppy. But the dog and I became companions, and I love dogs now, so evidently whatever he did was sound. Occasionally I get that "Sears” feeling, when I dawdle before something, or make excuses for putting things off. The sharpest memory concerns the time I discovered that he under¬ stood why I was moved to tears by lovely music, or stories, or praise. Everyone else was irritated when the music teacher thought I’d probably be fairly good at piano, and I cried! His confidence, honest interest, and pride did a large part in teaching me to play. He taught me to worship—singing together in church; watching moon shadows on the walk; standing knee-deep in the fragrance of purple alfalfa; delighting in the odor of fresh-turned earth; tipping up a two- day planted seed to see if it was sprouting; listening breathlessly to mockingbirds in late moonlight. He taught me to think of others. The Mexican children on the farm always were remembered at Christmas. He tried to raise their standard of living. He taught me stubborn courage in living in pain. I cannot remember him as other than sick. Yet he kept a farmer’s hours and supervised 170 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS every step of the many activities of the farm, tho unable to do much of the actual labor himself. He taught me integrity. When I copied my spelling lessons so as to make a hundred to please him, he didn’t say a word. But I’ve never copied since! He showed me one need not be afraid to die. I have just realized that in only two instances can I remember any¬ thing he said. He simply was, and expected me to be. The second mile —This upper-grade teacher came into a room that had studeftts who had never liked school or anything about it. His approach in his teaching reversed the attitudes of the students. He began by being concerned with the students’ problems, their personalities, and their appearances. He discussed becoming hairdo’s with the girls and instilled pride in the appearance of the boys. The students became interested in the care of their classroom. The boys and girls designed and made curtains for it. Altho he was not the music teacher, he brought about the apprecia¬ tion of the beauty found in classical music. In the evenings the boys who formerly had spent hours loafing downtown would buy milk and cookies and go to his rooming house and listen to his record player. Library reading increased greatly because he taught that using leisure time wisely was a part of daily living. Sports found a place in the program. This great variety of activities helped to develop and round out the many personalities in the group. The students were so engrossed in their work and activities that all discipline problems disappeared. One boy in the eighth grade admitted it was the first time in his life he had enjoyed school. This teacher seemed to find time for the regular course of study plus the little things that help to develop pleasing personalities and give life a fuller meaning. The artist —It was my privilege to work for thirteen years in the same building with a third-grade teacher who was "born” to teach. She was fifty-four years old when we first met, but of all the teachers I have ever known, she was the most youthful, inspired, enthusiastic, progres¬ sive, and lovable leader of children. She built up in her classroom attitudes toward people, learning, and work that were amazing, and she really led her children to think and act for themselves. Her classroom was always a wonder world of activity, intellectual and manual. The attitudes and behavior patterns were such VALUES THAT HAUNT THE MEMORY that she could leave her children alone for half a day when she had to attend meetings. The enthusiasms initiated in her schoolroom carried over into the homes of the children so that there was a close relationship between the two. Parents brought their problems to her, together they worked them out, and living in many a home was happier. She had a special way with difficult boys—and she was at her best when she could help a boy overcome his problems of temperament, personality, and attitude and help him become a respected and self- respecting member of the class and of the school. There is a long line of boys and girls, young men and women, who know themselves to be better human beings for having known her It was my extraordinary good fortune, as the fourth-grade teacher, to receive her children at the beginning of each new year. Our happy times together were the result of the spiritual inspiration we all drew from her. An understanding puna pal —Countless times I have heard this re¬ mark, "If we had more principals like Mrs. Moore, many of our school problems today would be solved.” After analyzing many of the things I have heard about this principal whom I knew only thru the memory of her pupils and fellow workers, I have concluded that she truly must have been an understanding person. When a teacher at her wits’ end with some troublesome child, and ready to give him up as hopeless, would go to this principal she would say, "Now Miss Hanson, remember you’ll get the same Johnnie next year in another suit of clothes, so let’s find out the difficulty before making any decisions.” She would then encourage the teacher to accom¬ pany her to the child’s home and each time the teacher would return more sympathetic and with this question in her mind: "I wonder that the child is as good as he is under the circumstances.” There was little Jim, whose life was being made miserable by his playmates who had been calling him a girl. His hair was long and he was poorly dressed. He lived below the tracks and came from a very poor home Mrs. Moore saw the need, quietly sent the child to the barber shop for a haircut, and among her friends secured clothing for him. Did it help? It was only a little thing but it changed Jim’s life because now he was accepted, his playmates ceased their teasing, and even forgot why they had. Those little acts may have saved Jim from a deep-seated inferiority complex. There are many more stories, and no doubt many Mrs. Moores in 172 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS our school systems today if we but keep our eyes open and look around us. What is more precious, especially to a little child, than someone with an understanding heart? Building Teacher Morale Building morale in a teacher —What proved to be a genuine lift came to me after having worked in a new system approximately six months. The position I had was not one of my choice. It was understood that when a certain vacancy occurred in the departmental penmanship staff, I was to be given preference. The time had come; the administrator offered me the position. He did not stop there, however. He went on to say, "What challenge is there in that field? Do you think you really will be happy doing that type of work day in and day out?" He went on to express his confidence in me, altho I had felt that he hardly knew me. That led up to a position he did have in mind for me, one I had not heard of to date. He assured me that I could do it, wanted me to consider it. Decision was delayed for a few days. Should I accept this challenge to enter a new field, use what initiative I had, roll up my sleeves, and dig in, determined to prove that I was worthy of this confidence placed in me? I took the offer. The position in that drill subject has long since been relegated to the past. But thanks to that kindly, farsighted administrator, I am still enjoy¬ ing my work after many years. Striving to be worthy of his confidence enabled me to build up a little more confidence in myself. Helping Lame Ones Over Stiles Conquering fear —Roberta was a very nervous, timid, shrinking-away child. She was called on continually to pass books, scissors, workbooks, and go to principal’s office. All of us in the room helped to make Roberta feel she was one of the group. For Mother’s Day each pupil made up his own booklet putting -in his innermost thoughts and feelings for mother. Roberta had not finished hers at the end of the day but wouldn’t leave until it was completed. She came out of her shell and her complexes so much by the end of the term that she was doing splendid work in everything she attempted. The ugly duckling —There was a child in my room last year who.had a homely face None of the children in the room wanted to play with her, altho she was kind and polite to all of the children in the room. VALUES THAT HAUNT THE MEMORY 173 She bought food at the cafeteria for the hungry dogs that came on the campus. One day she came to my desk with tears in her eyes, and asked me if I would let her be the "Queen” on our next assembly program. She said she had wanted to be on the stage since she was in the first grade, but her teachers had never let her. I let her be the main character in our next program. She had talent, poise, and ability to do much more than anyone had realized. She re¬ sponded so well to this confidence placed in her that by the end of the year she was one of the best-liked girls in the room. Rescued —Regina was the last of a long line of notoriously slow children in one family. Her years in the first three grades had accom¬ plished nothing along the academic line of school work. When she came to me in the fourth grade, she had the reputation of being a sullen misfit and a nonlearner. I observed her when she made a pretense of studying and began to wonder if the child was seeing every¬ thing there was to see. The county welfare worker’s help was enlisted, and she made the necessary arrangements to have Regina examined by an eye specialist. It was a proud little girl who walked up to my desk one morning to display her new glasses. Tears came to my eyes when, a few days later, Regina said, "I'm seeing lots of things I never saw before.” A short time after that she approached me after school and begged me to teach her to read. My plan had been to try this very thing, so I was pleased to have the suggestion come from the child. We started reading in primers. By the end of the school year, Regina was reading advanced second-grade material. At her own suggestion she asked if she could read to the class. Not a child ridiculed the simple material being read, but all joined with Regina in being proud of her accomplish¬ ment. Regina has taken her place in the group, not as a leader but as an active participant. Whenever I go back to visit this school, Regina proudly reminds me that I was the one who discovered she wasn’t a "dumbbell.” I don’t deserve much credit, but I do know I’m happy to have been one factor in rescuing a child from the misfit group of society. Widening the circle —Jean, seven and one-half years old, entered third grade a total stranger to her classmates and teacher. She had been stricken with infantile paralysis and had a slight limp. She was a very timid and retiring child who wouldn’t enter into play activities. The 174 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS other children naturally, but thoughtlessly, held to their own cliques. Knowing this, Miss Moore encouraged the girls in the third grade to play ball together. They were very kind to Jean who was unfamiliar with the game. Soon with the careful guidance of the teacher the cliques were forgot. Instead of hurting Jean with careless remarks the girls were very patient in letting her take her turn. The process was slow, but before the year was over they all enjoyed playing ball and other games together. Jean had been helped in finding her place in the group. She was very happy. Her scholastic improvement paralleled her social adjustment. She entered into all of the school activities with enthusiasm. Thru this experience in organized and supervised play, both Jean and her classmates found joy. Toward manhood —When five-year-old Teddy had a very bad case of infantile paralysis, which left his body almost useless from his waist down, fond parents and relatives gave him every care, including treat¬ ment at different periods of several months at a time in crippled chil¬ dren’s hospitals and warm-spring clinics. When seven years old, with the aid of two braces from his waist down and two crutches, he could get about very laboriously. Since he had already missed one year of school, his mother was quite anxious for him to start, so she asked me if I thought it would be too much trouble and too time-consuming for him to come. I told her that if the doctors thought it wouldn’t be too great a physical strain and wouldn’t retard his recovery, to let him come. I realized the problems I faced with an almost helpless child who had been sick and pampered for two years by a mother and family who catered to his every whim, along with a class of twenty-eight other first- grade children. My first task was to make him feel secure in the group by helping the other children to treat him as an equal but still be considerate and sympathetic and to help him get about. I tried in every w r ay possible to ignore his handicap and help him overcome self-pity and babyishness and to be independent. The other children soon developed a very fine attitude of helpful sympathy, but not pity toward him. Out of this attitude and understanding of the children and myself, Teddy became a well-adjusted member of our group. From an overpampered, very dependent child he grew 7 into a courteous, appreciative, independent one. Just an incident to prove this development Near the end of the term, Teddy had broken one of his crutches. His mother called me that morning saying that the crutch could not be VALUES THAT HAUNT THE MEMORY 175 fixed before evening and that Teddy would not come to school because his father would have to carry him into the building. I suggested that the father bring him to the front door and that I would meet him there and by leading and steadying him, he could walk down the hall and into the room without being carried. This was done as suggested. As he walked down to the room, he looked up at me with a smile of satisfac¬ tion and appreciation and said "I am so happy—you have helped me so much, I am not a baby any more.” Temper tantrums —Ten-year-old Kerwin, much smaller than anyone in the room, had a terrific temper. We had several conferences after his little spells. We really thought that he was making progress and getting control of himself. But during a softball game one morning, he threw his bat, kicked the pitcher, and immediately left the playground to go home. All the children seemed to understand—even the boy that got kicked. The game went on. Kerwin was sitting in his desk when we returned to the classroom. No one noticed him (apparently). Just before noon dismissal he stepped before the group and made an apology. He asked to write an article for the newspaper entitled, "The Little Boy Who Forgot.” I can’t quote the article word for word, but it read something like this: "Tempers are very dangerous things. Dangerous because they act before you have time to think. This little boy was two blocks from school before he realized what a bad example he had been to other children. He is writing this article to let other boys and girls know that a good citizen will check his temper before it has a chance to get him.” Taking Time for Kindness Lost children —How often teachers hear remarks like these that have come from my fifth-graders—"I can’t have anything for breakfast, except corn flakes and milk. Mother doesn’t get up to get my breakfast.” Or, "Miss R., what can I get for dinner for our family tonight? Mother ran away yesterday and left us all.” The need for comradeship, tact, guidance, and sympathy is unending. The good listener —One afternoon a teacher of seven-year-olds had an unexpected call from a former first-grade pupil who, at this time, was an eleventh-grader. Tom asked if the teacher could talk a while. A stormy, upset countenance indicated the advisability of privacy so a vacant room was the retreat for the chat. Torn hfld h°d Vir- rrirl fri nrl t-z *• arHno 1 rrihW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 176 and to sum it up he didn’t care whether he lived or died. His iife the morning before had been settled, he knew just what he was going to be, whom he would marry and everything. Everything now had "gone to pot.” Velma had decided to spend the week end in her former home town. She was going to a dance with a boy she used to date. Tom was so upset about this that he broke his engagement to Velma. He couldn’t write a book report due that afternoon. He was so sick of arguing, being bawled out, and talked at. He wasn't going to let that teacher at the Public schools, Wilmette, Illinois, Heduch-Bt’sung photograph Every teacher has spiritual effect on his pupils in many ways. VALUES THAT HAUNT THE MEMORY 177 high school start on him about the book report so he skipped school. He didn’t know where to go or what to do. Then he remembered where the happiest years of his life had been spent so he walked up to our elementary school. He thought just to walk around the building would make him feel better. The teachers were so nice. They understood kids and didn’t harp at them all the time. When he got to the building he decided to come in to talk. What did his teacher friend think of a girl who was going steady with a fellow, then stepping out on him? With great caution and fear the teacher briefly said, "Tom, you’ve come back here because you like the school. I believe Velma is doing the same. Half of going back is seeing old pals. The dance is where they will all be. She is popular and used to going to dances with an escort. You’re a fine boy. You are attractive, have good manners, good character, and you’ll stand comparison with any fellow I’ve ever known.” He said with some interest, “Maybe so.” The teacher continued, "You wouldn’t want to marry a girl who didn’t feel that you were tops no matter how many men she was out with. Also you wouldn’t want to marry a girl unless you could tmst her.” Very quickly he said, “Oh you could trust Velma all right.” The teacher said, “Well it seems to me that’s your answer. You’d better watch your step or Velma won’t want a jealous husband.” Tom laughed, seemed to see a bit of light and to feel better. About a week later the telephone rang. It was Tom. He said, “I thought you’d like to know that everything is swell. Thanks a lot. We’re coming around to see you some night.” Lots of listening and the suggestion of a point of view sometimes result in action that brings great satisfaction to a teacher. Helping Children To Find Themselves One person had confidence in him —One of the finest contributions to young manhood and to society I have ever known was made by a young teacher during her third year of teaching. She taught the fifth grade in a good residential neighborhood. Her children ranged in age from nine to eleven years. The principal walked into her class one morning followed by a sullen, belligerent looking boy of fifteen and said, “This is Joe, Miss Wright, he is to be in your class from now on.” And then under his breath, “He comes to us from the reform school.” The boy stared insolently and the teacher shivered in her shoes. When she had time to think, she decided she must win his confidence or the year would be a nightmare. She had a casual talk with him that day and X /o ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS while h£ answered questions briefly, he was obviously wary. She gave him special tasks and responsibilities immediately, trying to build up the feeling that everyone in the room needed him and was counting on him i The class was studying the farms of the Middlewest and since he had worked on the farm at the reform school, he could give the members firsthand information about machines, tools, methods, and crops. He helped the boys make models of farm tools and since the teacher was city-bred and had had no farm experience, he could teach her a few things, too The boys and girls in the class promptly made an idol of him and vied with one another in doing him favors. In a series of private conversations, the teacher gradually drew from him the story of a wretched home life, a terrible feeling of insecurity, an uncertainty as to which way to turn. He smoked, drank, and told of escapades of stealing. His clothes were shabby and he had long outgrown them. A new suit of clothes was arranged for; there were private talks whenevef the storm clouds appeared to be gathering, in his spare time he worked on a special project which was to be a permanent decoration in the classroom; and all went well at school He was, however, much too old and too experienced for the school (the oldest other boy in the school was twelve) and an effort was made to have him enrolled in the vocational school. But he had not completed the fifth grade (the family had drifted about) and it was impossible to send him there After several months, during which time all went surprisingly smooth¬ ly at school, he stole some articles from a neighborhood store and was reassigned to the reform school by the authorities, altho his teacher fought against it. He wrote to her spasmodically, and so they kept in touch. As soon as he was old enough, he decided to join the Navy and came to her for a recommendation, since she had been the one person in his life who had seemed to have confidence in him. Apparently her confidence is justified, for he has had a good record and is making his service in the Navy his life work. Cleanliness and goodness —Winston, a boy seven years of age, had been in the first grade the previous year and failed. He entered school the second year with no enthusiasm, lacking interest, looking very untidy, and with a scowl on his face. He put forth no effort and had a don’t-care attitude. He came to school with soiled clothing and crusty little hands. He had no mother, but a child of seven is able to do something about cleanliness for himself, if approached in the right way. VALUES THAT HAUNT THE MEMORY 179 I talked to the principal. We decided to use him as a helper in the cafeteria whereby he paid for his lunch. His duty was to place small bottles of milk on tables for the first-grade children. First he met with the other helpers and discussed the importance of cleanliness if they were to handle food. The next morning he came to school with that wonderful "scrubbed” look, clean clothing, shining hair, clean hands, and nails. I shall never forget the expression on his face—"I have a job to do”—when he said to me, "It is time for me to wash my hands and put the milk on the tables.” From that time on he had a feeling of belonging. He had the respect of his classmates and worked hard to hold that respect He succeeded in his classwork and enjoyed all the activities. At the close of the term as I was making his final report I realized even more that it is thru the little things that we reach a child. Learning the language of friendship —Peter entered fourth grade as a "window gazer.” Every time he was reminded to do something more constructive, he would undertake his work in a very uninterested atti¬ tude. The written material handed in looked like a foreign language. Peter just didn't seem interested in any of the school subjects or activities After several conferences with him, I learned that he had started to school with a great handicap; he could speak only the Norwegian language when he entered first grade. This naturally affected his prog¬ ress from the very beginning. He had such ideas as "When I finish the eighth grade, I’m going to quit school,” and "When I get to be thirty- five years old I’m going to Norway to live.” However, it was not long until Peters attitude toward his school work improved. Once he became confident that it was possible for him to learn to read and write as well as the others, he slighted the windows more and more. His real enthusiasm increased when we visited the "Land of the Midnight Sun” in our geography class. Peter had firsthand information about Norway which he proudly presented to the class. He brought pictures, magazines, and gifts which his Norwegian relatives had sent him. He felt a surge of pride in knowing that he had contributed something worthwhile to our class discussions and his enthusiasm for school work steadily improved thruout the year. One day near the end of the year Peter came forth with 'Tve decided to be President when I grow up.” This spontaneous outburst both sur¬ prised and pleased me greatly for it indicated that Peter was interested in continuing his education. Whether or not he would become the Presi- 180 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS dent of the United States was not as important to me as was his realiza¬ tion of the value of education. Self-expression —I shall never forget a little girl in my class during my second year of teaching in a small town in northeastern Arkansas. Mary lived on a farm with her grandparents. She was, at first, very bashful and shy. She wore old-fashioned long stockings and dark-colored dresses. In spite of this, I thought Mary was pretty and intelligent. She was a good reader, and seemed to have much natural expression when she read. Her previous teachers had always felt sorry for her, but I decided to see if I could develop her talent for expression. She spent many nights with me, and I would teach her the readings that I had given when I was a child. She recited for her first time in public at our school assembly. She looked so pretty in her new clothes that her grandmother and I had made for her. Mary first gave a humorous reading which made everyone in the auditorium laugh. The applause was great and for her encore she gave a reading of just the opposite type. It was remarkable how a little girl could make the students and faculty laugh so much and then make them "choke up” during her second reading. She was asked to give numerous readings that year at school programs, and different church affairs. This has been several years ago, and I moved West—just wishing I could have taken Mary with me. I hear from her often telling me how she is called upon in her community to be in programs and plays. She won first place in an oratory contest last year, and I’m sure she will continue to go further in the field of dramatics. The Teacher’s Recompense The first victory —Mary was reserved and unresponsive but the shell was broken one morning after working upon a difficult problem in arithmetic when she jumped up from her seat, clapped her hands, and literally shouted, "I did it!” To be sure there was laughter and commotion, but what of that? "Pay dirt” had been struck. Why not share it, capitalize on it? Mary was sent to the board to explain her success which she did rather shyly and with some embarrassment. Yet, down deep in her heart there sprang a fountain of delight She had conquered. Faith —One day soon after I became principal a pupil said something that gave me real inspiration for trying to see possibilities in every child. VALUES THAT HAUNT THE MEMORY 181 A boy about twelve years old was sent to me by a teacher, stating that he was very argumentative and noncooperative in the room. As I talked with the boy, I found that he had a feeling that all were against him. His parents always told him that he was the worst child that they had, and that he would never amount to anything. This day the teacher had made the same statement to him. The boy resented this, so the teacher asked him to go to the office. The teacher said that he showed much willingness to go; she could not understand the boy’s attitude. After lengthy questioning, the boy replied to me, "I didn’t mind coming to your office. In fact I wanted to come, because you are the only person who ever sees any good in me. I wish you were my teacher.” Words from the heart —At the close of school this year when I was wishing my sixth-grade pupils a happy vacation, a handicapped boy ex¬ pressed his feelings in such a manner that I shall never forget him. He is sixteen years of age and almost blind and deaf. He had en¬ countered impatience in previous years and had failed several times. On that day he arose from his desk and said, “Miss Lee, there is something I would like to say. I want to thank you for your kindness and patience. I have learned more this year than I have in the past.” To me those were precious words because they came from the heart. Marked improvement —Jack came from an environment of drunken¬ ness and poverty. As he himself said, "I have no one at home to look after me.” This quotation best describes his home life He was a very shy and retiring boy when he entered school, a little below average in intelligence. The teachers soon found out his home con¬ ditions and started taking a great interest in him and what he did. He seemed to resent this interest at first, but soon realized the teachers were his friends and were trying to help him. Jack was praised by his teachers when he did something worthwhile and was guided info the right associations. He became interested in ath¬ letics but was too frail in body to take much active part at first. Being encouraged, however, to keep trying to build up his physique so that some day he would be strong and physically able to take an active part, brought excellent results. He began showing signs of strength in body when in the fifth grade. Last year he was on the basketball team. I could go on and on about Jack, as he is one of the finest boys I have ever had in school,, but what I want to really bring out is the dedication he made to the school and his teachers in a book report last year. This is what he wrote, "Of all the things I have done, the hardest thing 182 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS will be to leave Franklin, this year. I want to thank all of my teachers and my principal for the kindness and guidance they have given me.” A teacher learns from her pupils —The greatest inspiration I have ever known has come from the children with whom I have worked. I feel very sure that I have learned much more from them than they have ever learned from me. They have taught me the real meaning of beauty, hap¬ piness, and above all—courage. How could one ever repay the inspiration that comes from children such as these?— Betty, an eight-year-old, who is almost blind, whose greatest joy in school is her daily arrangement of flowers for the office. Carl, a young man who writes from a foxhole in the Pacific—"I never thought I listened to you, but I guess I heard all that you said, and I thank you for it. 1 ’' Theresa, a fifteen-year-old girl who left a note on my desk on the last day of school—"Thank you for teaching me so many things that do not come in books.” Becky, who was released from the state home for girls to re-enter the public school, and expressed her appreciation for the only kindness she had ever known by carving a "Scottie” out of soap to ornament the teacher’s desk! John, a shy boy, who interrupted his fun at his first "Prom” to come over to say, "Thank you for teaching me about manners. I’m ’doin’ eti¬ quette’ tonight.” (His beaming face could not be described.) Sophie, a fourteen-year-old girl, who, on returning to school after the death of her mother said, "I'm getting an after-school job so that I can buy my mother a nice headstone because she never could have anything nice in her life.” Katherine, a fourteen-year-old girl who had been told by an unwise doctor that she had only ten years to live because of a heart condition, went ahead to become a leader of her class and wanted to work to be¬ come a doctor! Such examples are limitless, and it has been a constant source of inspi¬ ration to me to feel that a teacher has the greatest of all challenges to become the kind of person herself who can have some small part in sharing the problems and the joys of children. No one, it seems to me, has expressed the feeling better than the Chinese philosopher who, when asked "What is the greatest joy here below?” replied, "The greatest joy in life is listening to a little girl sing¬ ing as she goes down the road after having asked me the way!” Chapter V relations of the elementary SCHOOL WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS IN BUILDING SPIRITUAL VALUES Home, church, and schooL are the institutions that come first to mind as formative influences in fixing the values that children live by and carry into adult living. There are other institutions, some positive in effect and some nega¬ tive, that each of the first three must be aware of in rendering service to childhood. The ideal situation, seldom realized in full, is one in which all the institutions that influence the lives of children are in basic accord on funda¬ mental principles. Each then has its own unique contribu¬ tion to make, and makes further contributions that overlap but do not conflict with those of others. In this chapter all the institutions mentioned are those with positive rather than negative effects. One article tells of school cooperation with local clubs, parent organiza¬ tions, municipal agencies, and churches. Another tells of a class of fifth-graders whose generous impulse to help chil¬ dren abroad finds an outlet thru the medium of a church- relief agency. For one class a state institution for the blind provides opportunity for organized and continuous service. Camping gives a unique setting for the growth of spiritual values; one article reports experiences gained in school cooperation with a city-county public camp. One article reports home-and-school relationships that typify parent- teacher associations working at a high level. tubhc schools, rreepoit, Ntu> York, Steffel pbo(off4p. The school cooperates with other agencies in efforts to elevate the level of children’s living, Working with Community Institutions in Developing Spiritual Values By M. E. COLEMAN Auiitant Superintendent of Elemen¬ tary Schools, Atlanta, Georgia C ooperation between the public schools and community agencies is subject to two handicaps: (a) the prevailing notion that spiritual values are closely tied up with the church if not exclu¬ sively the province of the church, and (b) the zealously guarded principle of separation of church and state based on the constitu¬ tional guarantee of freedom of religion. But religion is not centered exclusively in the church, and spiritual values include more than religion in its generally understood definition and usage. Whatever ministers wholesomely to the development of the child’s personality is of spiritual value. Spiritual values are so important, so inextricably a part of the whole life, so continuous in their formation from the cradle to the grave, that their development, enrichment, and expression must be the concern of all those who touch life at every point and at every age. Honesty, purity of mind, altruism, sympathy, respect for the rights of others, desire for the better things of life, willingness to share happiness, courage in the face of temptation to ignoble deeds, ability to discriminate between the good and the bad, and the will to choose the former; an eye for the beautiful, an ear for the har¬ monious, a soul for the lovely—these all are spiritual values. In modern society what one agency or institution can claim for itself sole and sufficient power to inculcate "moral insight, integrity of thought and act; equal regard for human personality wherever found; faith in the free play of intelligence both to guide study and to direct action; and . . . those further values of refined thought and feeling requisite to bring life to its finest quality ’’? 1 The schools and other agencies can work together in developing these values. 1 Brubacher, John S., editor. The Public Schools and Spiritual Values, John Dewey Society, Seventh Yearbook. New York- Harper and Brothers, 1944, p, 2. [185] 186 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Boys’ Chorus In the Atlanta elementary schools we are glad to accept, for ex¬ ample, financial sponsorship by a local civic club (The Exchange Club) of a boys’ chorus and happy to accept, too, the invitation of local churches for public appearances of this chorus in a distinctly spiritual atmosphere. The musical skill of public-school teachers, the money and moral support of a group of businessmen, and the gracious hospitality of the churches do something that none of the three could do separately. And we must not overlook the fact that spiritual values accrued to these three as well as to the boys them¬ selves. Mothers’ Study Group The parents of one school became interested in the spiritual and emotional development of the young child. The principal secured the services of an expert teacher in this field and for three months some twenty-five mothers engaged in an intensive study of the growth of the little child. It is the judgment of the principal and the mothers that this was one of the most helpful courses they had ever known. School Patrol Project In cooperation with the city police department, the PTA, and the Atlanta Motor Club, the elementary schools operate a school patrol organization at all buildings. Tho organized primarily for personal safety the school patrol can be an effective device for creating spirit¬ ual growth. In one school a special assembly program near the end of the year consisted of a panel discussion by the patrol boys of their work and what it had meant to them. They spoke of safety;- of the pre¬ vention of accidents and the fortunate record of the school in that respect; of what the patrol boys had to do and what was expected of them. But the unexpected thing was the extent to which the boys commented on what it had meant to them personally by way of mak¬ ing them better boys, of developing in them a sense of responsibility and an interest in protecting the lives of others, and in looking out WORKING WITH COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS 187 for those things which might injure others. Then, too, there were references to such lessons as willingness to stick to one’s post of duty; faithfulness to trust under hard conditions such as rain and cold weather; being dependable and on the job when one was expected there; a sense of honor; and a desire to be exemplary in one’s con¬ duct not only while on duty but at all times. Church and School Direct cooperation with the churches has taken various forms, mainly adaptations to local conditions and sentiment. The system has cooperated with the Christian Council in the promotion of Easter Sunrise Services; has encouraged church, Bible class, and Sunday school attendance; has excused, on request, students to observe special religious rites such as the Jewish holy days; has made avail¬ able school buildings for church services and daily vacation Bible schools during vacation periods and has publicized those thru the schools; and has participated in community planning to provide wherever possible continuous religious education and church recrea¬ tion during the vacation period. Summary Conceding that there may be some spiritual values peculiar to the church, some to the school, and some to the other community agen¬ cies, it is possible that the more nearly sound approach is not thru a studied division of function among them but such mutual coopera¬ tion and correlation as to insure the maximum influence in the life of the child. Accepted knowledge of the nature and nurture of the child obligates the educator to consider not only how to perform that function which may belong more or less specifically to the school, but also to ally the school with other community agencies so as to provide the child continuously with the most favorable activities, influences, and tools essential to his spiritual welfare. Solution of the problem of diverse agencies in promoting spiritual values is something more than differentiation, compartmentalization, and specialization; it is one of integration, cooperation, and utiliza¬ tion. The Elves and the Shoemaker By VESTA HAINES Teacher of Fifth Grade, Germantown Friends School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania F rom every source came pleas for help for children abroad. The impact of this was especially strong when a speaker from the American Friends Service Committee 1 made an appeal for clothing and shoes. The children returned from assembly buzzing, "Shoes, shoes, shoes. What can we do?” In the discussion which followed, it was decided to collect shoes and send them to' the American Friends Service Committee. Some children were sent to interview the speaker as to ways and means and to ask the principal for information about a shoeshop which another school had conducted. When this information was ob¬ tained and the enthusiastic support of the classroom teacher assured, the children were ready for an activity which gave an outlet at their age level for participation in an actual world situation. This pro¬ vided a natural and honest vent for the stirred-up emotional desires of sharing and helping. Planning for Group Service The framework was set up in class meetings led by the class president. Shoes must be secured from other groups, so notices about the shoeshop asking for cooperation were sent to each class in the school. Notices written by the secretary were delivered by the publicity committee and were received everywhere with interest, partly because classroom teachers knew of the plan. There must be a place for receiving and caring for shoes. This meant a rearrangement of the classroom with the shoeshop at one end, a book to write down names, and persons appointed who would courteously receive the contributions so that each donor would receive a real recognition for his gift. It was decided to clean, polish, and repair all shoes if funds were available. 1 American Friends Service Committee, 20 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia 7, Pennsylvania. [ 188 ] 189 elves and the shoemaker Raising money became an important issue. Class dues of 5 cents a person, each week, amounted to about $2 a month. As some children had given extra amounts, $6.40 was in the treasury. This, plus a con¬ tributed dollar, formed the capital for the project. In the arithmetic class, very simple bookkeeping folders were made, "Received” and “Paid Out.” Such accounts were kept thruout the year. Total receipts were $79.50, part of which was given for parcels for Holland, another interest of the class. Parents became interested as well as teachers and children from other classes who brought money to the class treasurer. A nice point had to be settled as to whether money given to the shoeshop could be used for the Holland boxes. The children faced the fact that they were an agency handling the money of others and must be certain the funds were used for the cause for which they were donated. An Italian shoemaker was luckily discovered as an ally. He had sent many pairs of shoes abroad himself and gladly entered into the plan. About $30 was actually spent but over $60 worth of work was done. Six hundred sixty pairs of shoes were collected. The shop was broken up at spring vacation but shoes continued to come in until the close of school in June. This was an extracurriculum project except for one month when most of the social studies time and some arith¬ metic time were given to it. One gratifying event was the visit from a first grade who came to the shop, each bearing a pair of shoes. They deposited shoes on the receiving desk and were warmly greeted by the shoe committee as they filed by one by one with their teacher as part of the group. A map showing the location of places to which shoes would be sent, as well as a large poster by the pupils, decorated one comer of the room most of the year. Some children accompanied the teacher when shoes were taken to the American Friends Service Committee packing warehouse. The method of preparing the shoes for shipment . was reported to the class. At this time a contact was made with the editor of the Friends Intelligencer, who asked for an article about the shop for his paper. This was prepared by a special committee, sub¬ mitted to the class, and accepted after some rewriting. 190 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Recognition of Efforts The president o£ the class spoke at a meeting of the American Friends Service Committee telling of the work done and thanking them for sending the shoes abroad. Much cooperative work was done for this speech. Each person in the class wrote what he thought the shoeshop had accomplished. These accounts were compiled by the committee into the report finally given. A representative of the class, the teacher, and the principal accompanied the president when she made her five-minute report before approximately five hundred adults. The school and the American Friends Service Committee took pic¬ tures of the shoeshop. A local Germantown paper heard of the project and gave front-page space with a picture of the children work¬ ing in the shop The children objected to captions used which called them "cobblers” and implied that they had repaired shoes, but they now understand more about newspaper reporting than they did before. The activity covered a long period for fifth-graders but it gained so much momentum that it seemed impossible to cut it off. The care¬ ful planning and consultation in the group and in the committees created better understanding in the group. There was a growing appreciation of need with an intelligent and practical development of methods to meet it Contacts with other parts of the school, adults, the shoemaker, and with an organization doing relief work were all rich experiences. What you keep is lost — What you give is forever yours. —SHOT'HA RUSPHVELI To Work for the Blind Is To Think of Others By VALINE HOBBS Teacher of Fifth and Sixth Grades, Demonstration School, Stephen P. Austin Stale Teachers College, Nacogdoches, Texas T he fifth-grade first became interested in blind people when they read that they could get brailled valentine greetings for which they were to make covers. A supply was ordered and the class set to work. Interesting results in original designs were developed in flannel, velvet, yam, raffia, pricked paper, and even sandpaper in color combi¬ nations as pleasing as tho the valentines were for people who could see. After displaying the greetings in the school library, they sent them to the students of the Texas State School for the Blind at Austin and received a cordial note of thanks. The teacher felt quite satisfied with what she thought was a culminated activity, but she has since learned that there is no culmination to properly motivated learning. When school opened the following fall, one of the first questions was, "May we make some more valentines for the blind children this year?" There was ready assent, but the children could not wait for valentines, so they ordered brailled story booklets and set to work on covers for them—an enormous undertaking that they never could have done without the help of the art department. A list of titles came with the booklets and furnished the best type of reading moti¬ vation, for every child wanted to read in print what the sightless children would read in braille. Again the teacher was pleased when the books were on their way to the school for the blind, but that was not the end! The class received a thank-you letter written in braille with interlinear script. To say that the children w r ere delighted with this message gives no hint of the intensity and amount of their interest and excitement. They read and reread the letter with their eyes and experimented at feeling out the words with their fingers until it seemed that the dots would be worn from the page, but braille is done on sturdy paper. [ 191 ] 192 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS The children wanted to know more about this school for people who cannot see and asked many questions: What kind of school is it? Who goes there? Can any blind person go? How much does it cost? What do the children learn? Are all students children? Are the teach¬ ers blind? These questions were answered by a set of slides borrowed from the Extension Division of the University of Texas, by careful reading of their Texas history text and the Texas Almanac / and by a personal investigation made by one of the girls while visiting in Austin After collecting their information, they used a summary of it with the slides for a school assembly which the audience enjoyed as much as the children had enjoyed preparing it. Another year’s project was the making of red heart-shaped bean bags with tiny sleighbells at their tips, for which they again received a biallied letter of thanks. During the pi ogress of this activity each year the class did extensive reading to learn more about famous blind people. They had access to the college libraiy and the help of student teachers in finding ref¬ erences and in getting some of the material into easier and more read¬ able form or they could not have done so much along this line. Their list grew until it contained Louis Braille, Laura Bridgman, Fanny Crosby, Johann Sebastian'Bach, Homer, John Milton, John Metcalf, John Fielding, Thomas Blacklock, Francois Huber, Edward Rushton, George Matheson, Marie Therese von Pardis, Henry Fawcett, James Holman, William H. Prescott, Wdliam H. Milburn, William Moon, T R Armitage, Elizabeth Gilbert, and our own beloved Llelen Keller As it happened, Helen Keller came for a visit in Dallas during the time that they w'ere making this study one year and the children lead much about her in the newspapers. Aside from vivid lessons of perseverance, courage, and industry derived from the stories of how these remarkable people overcame their difficulties, one of the most valuable outcomes of this reading was a revival of interest in blind Homer’s hero tales. These Greek myths have been sadly overlooked since elementary education has been so intent upon the realistic side of learning. '■Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide. A, H Belo Corp , Dallas, Texas. 193 WORK FOR THE BLIND Each time that they carried out the "blind project," as it came to be known in the school, time was spent in considering the proper care of the eyes with special emphasis on their duty as good citizens to protect their health. The school nurse and the physical-education teacher always cooperated to make this part very effective. In addition to seeing brailled books, they also learned of the "talk¬ ing books” now available. Then they went back and reviewed what they had learned about Edison and the phonograph, the beginning of this newest aid for the blind. They also learned that reading matter for the blind may be sent postage free, but they had a hard time con¬ vincing the post-office clerks of such a ruling. No one could be deeply concerned in the welfare of the blind with¬ out becoming interested in Seeing Eye dogs. Seeing Eye, Inc., upon request, kindly sent them material and put the teacher on their mail¬ ing list for subsequent bulletins. 2 A child who had seen one of these famous dogs in action gave an excellent report on Queenie’s intelli¬ gence and her devoted care of her master. This led to further research and discussions of other ways in which dogs help man- -watchdogs, shepherd dogs, dog teams, St. Bernard dogs, Red Cross dogs of World I, and Dogs for Defense in World War II. During these years the successive classes gradually collected many clippings, pictures, notes, poems, and stories concerning sightless people. In addition, the American Foundation' for the Blind - ' 1 and the American Printing House for the Blind 4 sent pictures and samples of materials—an alphabet car’d for each child, pages of current mag¬ azines done in braille, and even maps and music for the blind. They put all of this material into a scrapbook that is still growing and is one of the cherished documents of our school. Among the clippings were some pictures and descriptions of articles made by the blind at the "Lighthouse" in Houston. These set the children to thinking: the articles in these pictures are for sale; could they sell some here in Nacogdoches? They wrote to inquire and re¬ ceived a grateful acceptance of the children’s offer of help with a list j Seeing Eye, Inc , Morristown, New Jersey, 4 Am'mn Foundation for the Blind, Inc., 15 West 16th Street, New York 11, New York. American Printing House for the Blind, 1839 Frankfort Ave„ Louisville. Kentucky. 194 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS of articles and prices from which to choose: doormats, bathmats, rugs, knitting or shopping bags, pot lifters, baby bootees, towels, mops, brooms, belts, purses, and billfolds. Then the work and fun began! They set up shop in one comer of the schoolroom and sold $35 worth in a pre-Easter sale that kept every¬ body in the room busy. Posters were made to advertise the store; talks were given in other schoolrooms; notes were written to prospective customers explaining the undertaking. Sluggards in arithmetic began to take a real interest in accuracy, for only those who could make correct change quickly were allowed to be clerks; children who were careless in the use of English began to polish their grammar in order to be allowed to make sales talks; only clean hands and clothing were allowed in the store because the wares must be kept in good condition for sale. Express charges were taken out of receipts, but all other money was sent to the makers of the articles. Customers of the store were given a careful explanation as to how it was not a profit or a commission business. Records were kept in businesslike manner with an invoice and a sales total at the end of each day. Not one penny was ever lost and no articles disappeared except those sold In fact, the whole enter¬ prise, from beginning to end, was a learning process with the highest type of motivation—an earnest desire to help others, an aim that was accomplished with great advantages to the helpers. Each article bore a card with the name of the maker upon it. The children mused upon these names and imagined what sort of people they represented until the unknown personalities became real and the children ordered some brailled greetings for these unknown friends, much to the delight of the blind recipients, most of whom had never had a brailled holiday greeting except from another blind person. The first sale proved such a success that it was repeated three times in the following years—once just before Valentine Day and twice before the Christmas holidays, by far the best time. The second sale brought in $45; the third one netted only $35; but the fourth one reached $80 and they could have sold more. While these sales were in progress, the children came early and stayed late to work in the store; some came on Saturdays in order to 19 *) WORK FOR THE BLIND reach people who came to the campus for extension classes or to various meetings held at the college; one group went to a meeting of the Lions Club and made several sales; another group disposed of an oversupply of mops at a parent-teacher meeting; one group even went with the teacher to a night meeting and set up shop in the entry. The best-selling article proved to be the doormats made of old tires. They were heavy and some of the women would buy only if they did not have to carry them, so the boys organized a delivery service that made sales skyrocket. They even wrapped and mailed some packages for purchasers. No amount of talking, telling, or read¬ ing could have taught the children some of the simple rules of good business and getting along with people as effectively as did this store. Like many other businesses, this one closed during the war, but classes are still adding to the scrapbook and plans are in the making for another "Lighthouse Store." In the meantime, pupils have kept an interest in those who are physically handicapped in any way, but their thoughts are still mainly with the blind. The next time they have the "blind project” they plan to enlarge it by earning money to buy brailled books, talking books, or to help get a Seeing Eye dog for the use of some of the servicemen who have lost their sight. The children have taken part in many interesting and effective projects, but nothing else so far has equalled this work for the blind. Nothing else has held such a grip upon the children's attention or stimulated thym to such prolonged and intensive effort which touched every phase of school—language arts, creative arts, science, math¬ ematics, business administration, health, social studies, and good manners Beyond the information gathered and the material help sent to their blind neighbors are the lasting lessons of generosity, coop¬ eration, industry, and adaptation, and a broadened social vision which these activities developed within the children who participated in them. As Ruskm says, "That is the help beyond all others; find out how to make useless people useful, and let them earn their money instead of begging it.’’ H Upon this basis many problems of the handi¬ capped must be solved, but the solution will be simpler if schools do some foundation work in that direction. “Cook, E T, and Wedderburn, Alexander, editors. 7 he Waits of John Ruskm. New York. Longmans, Green and Co , 1905. Vol. 17, p. 540. School Camping and Character By PETER H. SNYDER Principe!, John Adams School , San Diego, Cahjoimt S CHOOL camping as a practical reality in public-school systems is a new development, altho the practice of combining camping and education is not new. There was the legend of Garfield and Mark Hopkins on a log- elemental camping. The seventy-year-old Chautauqua Institution gives testimony to the vitality of the idea of combining education with open-air recreation. There was, and is, the famous National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan, started in 1927. 1 The educational director of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation has suggested a guide for the school-camp program with the following words: In the present year and the year ahead major emphasis will be found to lie on developing programs primarily concerned with helping children to use the camp and its special environment as a means of enriching their educational experience. . . . The foundation believes that camping is the modern equivalent of that outdoor and frontier life which was part of the original heritage of the American people. 2 The decision on the part of the San Diego City-County Camp Com¬ mission to open their "Camp Cuyamaca" to the schools of the city and county during the regular school term for an experiment in camping as part of the planned educational experience was announced in January 1946. On March 17 the first group went to camp. From January to March is a rather short time to prepare a metro¬ politan community, a school faculty, the local school community, and the children themselves for "a pioneering adventure." The school systems decided to send only sixth-graders, both boys and girls, during the trial period from March to June. Teachers were to accompany the children in order that proper educational follow-up would be accomplished. Selected parents were to accompany each i McDermott, William F "Art Goes Camping” Rotanan 64 28-30, June 1944. 2 Masters, Hugh B Camping in Michigan—Next Steps of Kellogg Foundation” Camping Magazine 18* 11, April 1946. [ 196 ] CAMPING AND CHARACTER 197 group in order to help at camp, to watch the experiment, and to par¬ ticipate in it. Other articles should be written to enlarge upon the values of school camping, pitfalls that can be avoided, improvements that can be made, and evaluation of results. This article describes evidences of character changes in persons as a result of a week’s experience at camp. The week was that"pioneer week” of March 17 to 23, 1946, and the experiences were those of the sixth grade from John Adams School. Preparation on the part of teachers for the experiment was not easy. To quote one teacher: "But Mr. Snyder, I'm scared! All those things may be fine for you and Mrs. Snyder who have run a children’s camp, but I’ve never done it before. I'm serious,” she continued. "I can direct a group of youngsters in a classroom or on a playground. I can make a bed. I can make all the beds. I can work hard. I can hike anywhere. But tell me to direct a group of children in the woods at doing some of those things, and I’m sunk!” Sympathy wasn’t called for. Neither was it sensible to joke her out of it. Nor could I tell her how well she could and would do, any more than I could tell an Eskimo what an orange is. She would have to wait and learn, and she was scared. The second teacher’s problem was different. She said: "Mr. Snyder, this group I have this year has taken a lot out of me. I’m not con- plaining; it’s just one of those things. I regularly can’t get to sleep before one or two o’clock in the morning, and I have the youngsters for only five hours. At camp, I'll have them for twenty-four hours. I don’t see how I’m going to stand it.” Any assurance that things would be different at camp seemed only a re-enactment of the spirit of Pollyanna—good as an idea, but inef¬ fective as a formula. Preparation on the part of the students was simpler. Plans were made for their physical needs and some information was given as to what to expect of a week in camp. Before the camp opening, we sent the director a list of campers, their medical cards, parents’ suggestions, and any other information 198 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS we thought would be helpful. Included in the information was a list of seven boys among the prospective campers who were serious discipline cases. Five out of the seven were visiting-teacher-cases; two were on the "active file" of the probation office. At camp, one of these boys, thru sheer merit, became leader of the dormitory. Three others, including one of the probation office cases, were normal, respectable, responsible, and interested campers. Three caused trouble. Since the week at camp, five of the seven have been excellent citi¬ zens, and two have continued to cause trouble. One of the five was what the visiting teacher described on his return as a perfect example of "A youngster working thru his difficulty by means of group therapy in a changed environment.” He has really made good. How these changes were brought about can be described best thru a series of incidents. The camp director explained quite simply to the campers that in camp there were a lot of things to be done that had to be done just for mere living, and that most were things in which they could share. His little talk, just before the first trip to the dining hall for supper, impressed the campers with a feeling that when they helped, a wider range of things was made possible, and all were made more comfort¬ able. Directly traceable to the camp’s methods are the following anec¬ dotes: A parent, the following week, made this observation: "The first evening home, Arthur got up from the dinner table and started to do the dishes. Daddy and I looked at each other but said nothing. When he was about half thru, he suddenly exclaimed, 'Oh, I guess I forgot! I just got used to doing the dishes after dinner at camp’." "But," she continued, "He went on and finished them. He never did dishes at home in his life before unless I just made him.” One of the teachers said: "I tried this out. When a child who was at camp asks me if he may do something or other, I can point out ad¬ vantages and disadvantages and then tell him to use his own judge¬ ment. Every time the child’s decision has been a good one. But I can’t do that with the ones who didn’t go. They don’t seem to know 199 camping and character what I’m talking about. They want me to make the decision whether they may or may not do it. I don’t know when the others learned it at camp, and I was right there with them, but they certainly came back with it.” The principal had the following conversation with the nature counselor the following week: "You remember Dick, don't you, Stony? The one I said to watch for to prevent stealing? You re¬ member also you reported he had done no stealing. You were quite Day tamp, public schools, Vallejo, California The individual grows spiritually in his love of his fellows and his sense of obligation to the group. 200 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS sure. Well, here’s your pocket knife. Dick turned it in to his teacher Tuesday, and said to tell you he didn’t intend to keep it. He also turned back a pair of dungarees. Said he didn’t know how he came to have them.” "What made him give these things up?” asked Stony. "I didn’t miss that knife.” "The influence of camp, I guess.” The growth in persons at camp was not confined to the children. Conditions at the camp that first week were far from ideal. It was strenuous for the counselors and for the teachers as well. Snow pre¬ vented extensive use of trails for either horseback or hiking. More than the expected number of activities were confined to the camp site —a f actor which added to the load. Even tho 90 percent of the children had never seen snow, and even tho they thrilled at every minute of it (it was four inches deep and stayed for two days!), it meant plenty to do for the entire staff. Both teachers, however, declared at the end of the week that they didn’t want to go home. The teacher who had been staying awake slept every night straight thru and came home more rested than she went. She said that the thing that was most amazing to her was the respect these children developed for the life they were living and for the living things around them. They respected the work they had to do. They were interested in the cedars, the pines, the woodpeckers, the horses, and the baby colt. The teacher who had gone in fear of failure found intense satisfaction in the fact that she could learn with a group and not lose prestige. On the contrary, the children thrilled to see her learn something new too. The prospectus of the yearbook asked: "How does the principal or the teacher know that an individual, or a group, is progressing in the attainment of spiritual values?” I asked one girl how long she thought she would remember the camp experiences. She considered the question for an unusually long time. Finally she looked up. "As long as I live.” What Values Shall We Cherish? By VICTORIA WAGNER Ptmapmi, Midi tll-.1t! if (Itli- I:, tt 5, btirJ, Sr?*' Y®*k, tie a- Yort TT THAT are the values we cherish anti how may we work to attain them? For some time the parents of our school have lelt the need for some agreement on social standards and desirable recre¬ ational life for their children. The faculty also has Keen concerned about the use of leisure time and its effect upon the children of the school. We felt that the best way to solve the problem was to work on it as a joint undertaking. Parties without Tears The board of the parent-teacher association began with the study of parties They felt that the results of uvereiaborate and too frequent parties have been fatigue, overstimulation, and unfortunate competi¬ tion. A committee of representative parents and teachers drew up a series of suggestions on party-giving which they hoped would serve as a guide for other parents. These were arranged according to age groups—(a) nursery, prekindergarten, and kindergarten, (b) first, second, and third grades, and (c) fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. The recommendations were as follow^ Nursery, Prekindergarten, and Kindergarten 1. That birthdays be celebrated by parties in school, for which arrange¬ ments have been made in advance with the teacher. 2. That so far as possible, in order to avoid overstimulation, large parties at home be discouraged. 3. That simplicity in all school parties be emphasized, with table decorations limited to paper tablecloths, napkins, and cups, and neither favors nor presents for the child. Refreshments should be limited to plain cake with candles, ice cream, and lollipops. 4. That when birthdays of several children occur within a short period of time, the decision as to whether or not the parties for them be merged into one party should be left to the teacher’s discretion. 5. That home parties be held only during week ends or vacations [ 20 !] 202 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS between four and six o'clock, with no more than six guests. Refreshments should be limited to a light supper and a hot drink. <5. That for home parties it is preferable that there be no movies shown. If they are shown, they should be limited to animated cartoons or simple subjects, not lasting longer than fifteen minutes. There should be no professional entertainers. Rest or quiet periods are desirable, es¬ pecially before eating. The following program considerations are relevant to the different age levels: a. Three-year-olds are inclined to individual rather than group play. b. Four-year-olds have reached the stage of playing simple games or using crayons or working with some constructive materials. c. Five-year-olds are ready for group games such as "Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush"; for joint singing, stories, and records; and are in need of organization. First, Second, and Third Grades 1. That no large parties should he held after four o’clock on a school day, the most desirable hour over the week end being from four to six. If a party is given in school during the week, it is recommended that a celebration at home should be for a small intimate group only. 2. In general, that home parties should be kept small—four or five children. 3. That the party should be adequately planned and supervised by the hostess, but it is recommended that no other adults be present as this also leads to overexcitement. The child should share in the planning of the party, in the organization, and even in the decoration. 4. Suggested activities: a. Games such as parchesi, lotto, and checkers, with some simple system of changing from one to the other, will be enjoyed. b. For Halloween parties, ducking for apples and blindfold games interest the children. c. Another satisfactory type of party is the small luncheon followed by ice skating or any sport in season. d. It is always helpful to have a supply of materials on hind from which children can construct or make things of their own—con¬ struct pipe-cleaner dolls or build with blocks. Making up plays always has great appeal, especially if old clothes or costumes are available for dressing up. e. Another effective procedure is to hand a slip of paper to each child containing directions for something he is to do such as sing a song, recite a poem, or f 41 a story. WHAT VALUES SHALL WE CHERISH? 203 f. Children’s victrola records make an attractive part of the party experience for quiet periods or for rhythms and games. 5. Refreshments should be simple, such as sandwiches, ice cream, and cake. If favors are given, they should be inexpensive, only one to cadi child. 6. If the children are to go outside of the home for the party, each child’s parents should be informed in advance. Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Grades 1. That large parties be avoided and the following ideas kept in mind: a Children are to invite their own intimate friends. b. There is no obligation to invite the entire class, but if almost all are invited and very few left out, children’s feelings are hurt. It is, therefore, better to, invite all or only a few. c. Parties are to be made as simple as possible. 2. That a trip might be planned, such as a ride on a ferry boat to Staten Island where there is much of interest, or a picnic hike in New York City or across to New Jersey. 3. That the children plan and participate in their parties rather than be merely spectators. 4. That two families might combine their parties into one and have the children plan it. 5. That fathers help plan and take part in boys’ parties. 6. That parents discuss the proper party behavior with their children in advance. 7. That unless parents are perfectly sure that their child and his group are ready for mixed parties it is urged that they be simply boy or girl parties. The committee feels that since this is such an important prob¬ lem at this particular age all parents will wish to cooperate to the fullest extent on one pattern of behavior. It is also suggested that a standing committee be appointed that will receive material and ideas from the parents. How To Live at Home and Like It In addition to these specific suggestions for parties, the School and Home News, a publication of the parent-teacher association, ran a senes of articles with suggestions for other activities for out-of-school hours The emphasis was upon the out-of-doors and upon closer family relationships. The editor’s opening paragraphs will give an idea of the approach on the basis of one parent to another: 204 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Do you get the "week-end blues?" Does a stretch of time with your offspring strike terror in your hearts? Do you long to do something with your children that will be fun and simple as well? Frankly, we are often perplexed ourselves with the problems of what to do. So we called, talked, wrote, and consulted with a good many people to see whether they could help us out. We found so many interesting ideas that we couldn’t resist passing them on to you. First, however, let us insist on the "best authority" we heard, that there "is no place like home," but we mean home. There needn’t be a fireplace, or even a spacious attic or cellar to romp around in, nor must there be every toy or play material, but there must be friendliness, a little deafness to noise, and a willingness to supply the stuff play is made of. Let Mary have her best friends in to share a simple luncheon and stay to play. Let her have materials to make things out of—dresses to dress up in, old evening clothes, bright shawls, even high-heeled shoes; blankets for tents, paste, paper, colors start the afternoon off right. You don’t have to plan the day, just be there, in case you’re needed for ideas, or to calm too high spirits before they wreck the house. Never mind if the halls and rooms are transformed into armed camps, Jim and Dick are calling each other "Joe the Slugger,” and crawling around the floor while whistling bullets and rattling machine guns jar the usual quiet. Sit tight while telegraph wires are being strung along the baseboards to the next apartment. That’s home, a place to play what you will with your best friends, while Mom or Dad or someone in authority minds his own business with one ear and has the other cocked for the first warning sounds of real trouble. Believe it or not, the informal get-together arranged on the spur of the moment, done often—without fuss of feathers—still fills the bill for many children. We had many requests for copies of these articles from parents outside of the school, so they evidently met a need, especially in urban areas. The results of these early attempts to assist parents were en¬ couraging and it was felt that the project was worthy of even more careful consideration another year. The year 1945-46 seemed a par¬ ticularly good time to give thought to this subject in order to find a satisfactory substitute for children’s wartime activities. In September of this year we held a joint meeting of the faculty and the parent chairmen of all grades to discuss plans for the year. It was recommended that at each grade meeting, early in the school WHAT VALUES SHALL WE CHERISH? 20> year, there be a discussion of leisure, including the under lying philos¬ ophy and specific suggestions for carrying if thru. It was recommended that the parents be asked to describe some successful party they had given or a successful trip they had taken with their children, as well as examples of what children can do both indoors and out when two or three children visit each other. Tire purpose of this procedure was to involve every parent in the school in the undertaking and to profit by the richness of their experiences. Questionnaire The following questionnaire was used by one member of the fac¬ ulty with the parents of her group as a basis for an evenings dis¬ cussion. It proved to be a most successful parents’ meeting as the questions seemed to draw the group together in a common under¬ standing. 1. If you have "leisure time’’--what do you choose to do? 2. Where do you travel with your child? Without him? 3. How much time each day do you see your child? 4. What do you find in your contact of most pleasure to you? 5. What is the most difficult? 6. Who does the disciplining in the home? 7. What does he consider punishment? 8. How much does the child share in any adult party? 9. What kind of entertainment do you have for your child's parties? 10. How often per week does your child have a guest? What do they do? # 11. What are the assets of his friends? 12. What are their liabilities? 13 - is y°P r attitude toward comics? radio? movies? What is the child’s reaction to this? 14. At what time and how willingly does your child go to bed? 5. It servants, how much control of child is left to them? What is cnild s attitude toward them? 16. How much allowance is child given? How does he dispose of it? ror what reason is he deprived of it? 11 ' w/wT Ch time do you allow him for being alone during the day? what does he do with time? 18. Is there another relative in the home? What is the child’s attitude toward this person? 206 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 19. If another child, what are the areas of congeniality? of antagon¬ ism? 20. What home responsibilities are allocated to the child? It was also suggested that a bulletin board be kept in the parents waiting room at the school where up-to-date suggestions could be posted of events occurring in the city which might be appropriate for children at different age levels. From these notices developed a small publication which was sent home to the parents at frequent Public schools, Glendale, California Beauty is all around for those who have eyes to $ee< WHAT VALUES SHALL WE CHERISH? 2o ? intervals, particularly before each vacation. Hath bulletin was written and usually illustrated by a different parent. We discovered a great deal of talent among the fathers and the mothers this year, arid the results were really delightful. The pre-Christmas bulletin, for example, consisted of three* nwnen graphed pages, containing suggestions for all the family at home, for one-day excursions in the city, and for hobby activities or independent trips for children of nine or over. Other bulletins were dr ^ned especially for older children under such topics as, “If You like Music," "If You Like Science,” "If You Like Stories and Plays,'* “If You Like Art,” and "If You Like Historical Places and Things.” A father who wrote several of the bulletins this year suggested that next year, instead of having a different person write each bulletin, we have an editorial board and follow the same general plan in each bulletin. At parent meetings thruout the year, particularly the evening meetings attended by both parents, the teachers gave demonstrations of inexpensive materials which could be satisfactorily used at home. The science teacher showed effectively how a small motor might be made with scraps of materials found in most households. The science and art teachers issued special supplements on materials and collec¬ tions which were adaptable to home use. At a large midwinter meet¬ ing of all the parents of the school, an inclusive exhibit was arranged of many different types of material which could he used at home by different age levels. A specialist in child guidance addressed the parents upon the wise use of leisure time and the importance to children of having time of eir own. A special shelf in the parents’ and teachers' library was set aside ior carefully selected books containing suggestions for things to do with children. an y parents arranged for small groups of children whom pervised cooperatively either in the park after school, or for special n^, r f° n , S over the week ends. Acquaintanceship with the park and Dole 01 °° d £aQ ltles £o f recrea bon led to an invitation to the iect £ Ser ^ eant o£ our P rec * nct to address a parent group on the sub- 0 recreational problems of the community. The parents are now 208 elementary school principals seeking ways to help existing agencies in providing a recreational center for all the children of the neighborhood as a means of con¬ tributing to the solution of the problem of delinquency in the adjoin¬ ing area. Testing the Value of Efforts The test of one’s spiritual values is the quality of human relation¬ ship which they engender. By such a test, this joint undertaking of home and school to foster a more wholesome recreational life for our children has been successful. The cooperation of the parents has been excellent. Birthday parties are usually celebrated at school, in the classroom after the midday meal. Mothers bring the birthday cake and simple festive decorations such as paper doilies and napkins. The shades are drawn, candles lighted, birthday greetings are sung, and birthday wishes are made as the candles are blown out. It becomes an occasion which not only forms a happy bond between school and home, but contributes to a spirit of friendliness and affection within the class group. When parents have given parties for their children outside the school, they have frequently consulted with the classroom teacher in advance so that no child would be made unhappy by being repeatedly excluded from the social life of his group. In working together on planning committees, on the bulletins, and exhibits, both parents and faculty revealed hitherto unknown talents. A new appreciation of each group for the other was fostered. The processes of association have been as important as the activities them¬ selves. Two suggestions for next year have already been made One recom¬ mended a more detailed study of the movies, comics, and radio. The other was a request for further information from the courts and other community agencies as to how these parents and teachers can be help¬ ful as citizens in providing more adequate recreational facilities for all the children of the neighborhood. Chapter VI evaluation of attainment in SPIRITUAL VALUES How can the teacher or the principal know that progress has been made in spiritual growth? To say that such evalu¬ ation is difficult is not to say that it is impossible or that it should not be undertaken. Differing methods are needed —subjective as well as objective—and there is need for faith that more progress is being made than is apparent on the surface. Three articles give major emphasis to the pioblem of evaluation. The first tells how four familiar supervisory technics—observation, working directly with pupils, con¬ ferring with the teacher, and the keeping of anecdotal arid cumulative records—can be helpful in appraising the sim cerity and effectiveness of efforts to promote the spiritual growth of pupils. A second article, is an example of co¬ operative writing by a committee of teachers. They begin with the conclusion that spiritual values have been high in their school situation and then seek to analyze the value of various aspects of the school program in bringing about the results which they approve. One writer calls attention to the use of paper-and-pencil tests of attitudes, and to the scrutiny of ideas expressed in written work in general, as sources to consider in appraising growth in spiritual values. He recognizes also the place of observation of con» duct in applying the eight criteria suggested in his article. 'e for every child as Evaluation in the Realm of Spiritual Values By GENEVIEVE BOWEN Elementary Supervisor, Bucks County , Doylesto-tvn, Pennsylvania E ven the least sensitive person who enters an elementary class¬ room is aware at once of the spirit which prevails in that room, the intangible something which exists among those who live together for these few hours of every day. How can it be defined, how can its growth be measured? To the principal or supervisor who recognizes the importance of that something to the success and worth of the educational process being carried forward, the answers to these questions are essential No paper-and-pencil test alone will reveal adequate answers By what means can they be secured? The following means are those used by one supervisor to discover the spiritual values which are being developed in the schools with which he works. Observation While this is essentially a subjective method of gaining information, certain objective questions may be formulated. Does a spirit of friend¬ liness and acceptance prevail between teacher and pupils? Are the pupils people in their own sight and in that of the teacher? Are they encouraged to ask questions and develop problems? Do they attack these problems with eagerness and freedom? Is the slower thinking child allowed time to draw his own conclusions? Is he heard with attention and respect by the group? Is the able child encouraged to explore beyond the scope of the group’s study? Certain physical aspects of the situation likewise reveal the spirit of the relationships within the group. Does the children’s own work take precedence over commercial pictures or decorative devices? Do bulletin boards, museum collections, and other centers reveal rich, [211] 212 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS broad interests? Are they the children’s projects, or mere bric-a-brac brought in by the teacher? Are the children eager to show them to the visitor? Do their explanations indicate penetration beyond the object itself into the deeper underlying educative values? Do the children use these objects in their study and discussions? The routine organization of activities is a further index of group relationships. Do pupils move freely about the room, with real pur¬ poses, without disturbance and confusion? Are routine activities, such as passing materials, keeping the room tidy, and the dismissal of classes, accomplished informally yet economically? Do children observe small social courtesies habitually and naturally? Observation of the teacher herself also offers significant conclu¬ sions. Does she recognize the arrival of the visitor informally, not interrupting the work of the class? Is she natural and at ease with the children in the visitor’s presence? Is she aware of the activity of each child, guiding it by a glance or nod, without excessive talking? If an emergency arises is she calm and objective, giving the child security and confidence in taking care of it himself? If censure is called for does she administer it courteously and unobtrusively, help¬ ing the child to realize his mistake but not undermining his self- respect? Does she make it clear that she accepts him, while not ac¬ cepting his undesirable behavior? Does she give praise naturally and simply, lifting the child’s self-confidence but not embarrassing him before his fellows? Does she show liking and respect for every child? Working with the Children If the supervisor himself is sufficiently in rapport with the situation he may sit in on a discussion or even take over a group for some spe¬ cial purpose. The children’s response in such a case is a valuable index of their poise and self-confidence, as well as of their teacher’s attitude toward supervision. Do they accept the visitor as one of them? Do they talk easily and freely with him? Do they include the teacher as a member of the group, yet not turn to her constantly for reassurance? Do they ask the visitor questions, even raise points of disagreement? Do they volunteer information, bring out materials of their own, offer suggestions as to future activities? EVALUATION OF SPIRITUAL VALUES 213 Conferences with the Teacher Ideally, each supervisory visit should be followed by a conference with the teacher. Here the supervisor may evaluate the teacher’s rec¬ ognition of spiritual values most clearly. Does she show recognition of the worth and possibility of each child in the group? Does she have a clear understanding of the factors which influence each one— his home and family background, his native ability, his personality strengths and weaknesses, his relationships with the group and with herself? Does she see beyond the immediate day’s activities to the larger objectives which they may serve? Does she have an earnest conviction of the power of the school’s activities in molding children’s spiritual development? Does she work as definitely toward that pur¬ pose as toward developing their academic skills? Anecdotal and Cumulative Records The school which is sincere in its effort to develop the child’s spiritual well-being devises means of recording and evaluating its growth. Do the teachers recognize the significance of small incidents, of children’s remarks in casual conversation, of attitudes and reactions revealed in the day’s activities? Is there some provision made for systematic recording of such significant items? Are these records re¬ ferred to frequently for use in guiding children and in evaluating their growth from month to month, or year to year? Do the records sent on to succeeding teachers provide them with information con¬ cerning the child’s spiritual health and growth as well as his ac¬ ademic progress, physical growth,' and health? Do teachers come together at intervals to discuss their findings, to cooperate m inter¬ preting them, and to devise constantly improving methods of compil¬ ing and utilizing them? The evaluation of spiritual values in the educative process must in part be a subjective process. The realm of feeling and generalized reaction are not to be underestimated but they are most valuable when checked and reinforced by observation, working with the children, conferences with the teacher, and the noting of anecdotal and cu¬ mulative records. Teachers Evaluate the Educational Climate By THE MACARTHUR SCHOOL ETHICS COMMITTEE* Mai Arthur School, Vanport City, Oregon T he MacArthur School is part of the educational system that sprang up almost overnight in early 1943 when Vanport City was built. The community housed up to thirty-five thousand people working in the Kaiser shipyards during the war. Children came from every state and from across our noithern and southern national boundaries. MacArthur School enrols children from nursery thru Grade VI. Like the pupils, teachers also came from everywhere. The school was free to develop into what its personnel most wanted it to be. No precedents had been established; no red tape stood in the way; every¬ one thought of the school’s work as a challenge and an adventure. Everyone has learned much from this pooling of ideas and procedures and no one would have missed the opportunity to work here. Perhaps it is this very newness of approach and freedom of action that accounts for some of the results observed. With the war over, the population has been reduced more than a third, and the school no longer has to operate twelve-hour days and seven-day weeks for twelve months of the year. For the first time there has been some opportunity for leisure to assess values and review the significance of what has happened. A volunteer group of teachers, calling themselves the Ethics Committee for lack of a better name, has met twice monthly during the year. They have been seeking an explanation of the fact that in this overcrowded, understaffed school, organized in haste, over¬ whelmed by pupils of totally unrelated backgrounds, there has been a discernible trend toward the attainment of spiritual values. They * Helen Daley, Hilda Johnson. Laura E Kellar, Elizabeth Loken, Gertrude Stephenson, Gertrude Taylor, and Dorothy White, assisted by Helen Campbell. [214] TEACHERS EVALUATE 215 know that they are sensing here something that is not always found in schools. They feel some degree of attainment of a spirit, an atmos¬ phere, a camaraderie, a response to what is right and best—an elusive quality toward which good schools always aspire. Glimpsing this has given more than one teacher the courage to believe that spiritual values can be attained. But how? What brings this about? Who is responsible? What is happening that is different from the usual? The group is still searching for the answers, but they have arrived at certain generalizations that may help them to further thinking: First, we do believe that character development must be the basis of education if democrary is to succeed. But we do not believe that character, spiritual values, high morale—by whatever name it may be called—is achieved by any one device or a series of them. We do not claim that we have done much, if anything, different from many other schools, nor that any one thing.more than another has been done solely for the sake of the development of spiritual values We think the chief difference lies in the spirit of everything that is done, in the attitude of teachers and other workers toward the doing, in a sincere belief on the part of every¬ one in the inherent value of every individual child, and of each one’s right to as full and rich a life as he is capable of enjoying, here and now. Second, we believe that the working out of the democratic process, which has been the basic underlying philosophy of the Vanport schools, provides the best, if not the only atmosphere in which true spiritual values can be attained. The administrative head of our school system be¬ lieves in the efficacy of the democratic process, has gathered around him others of similar beliefs, shares planning and responsibilities with the principals, and encourages them to do likewise in dealing with the faculties. In turn, children tend to share in this way of living together— not perfectly of course—but to the extent of our abilities in carrying out the ideal constantly before us. To this brief summary of common beliefs as to the basic educational method that underlies growth in spiritual values, the following state¬ ments are added. They include the comments of several different teach¬ ers on phases of school service that appear to them to be important. Regard for the Individual Tlje sixth-grade teacher who served as chairman of the Ethics Committee made these comments: 216 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS From the moment of his reception by the orientation teacher, the pupil is made welcome. He may stay with the orientation teacher from an hour to a week, depending on his own needs. After his history has been received and a standard test administered, he is made acquainted with the various special classes he will attend. Eventually he is placed in a grade classroom where he is cordially received by the teacher who intro¬ duces him to the group and then puts him in the care of the welcoming committee whose duty it is to make pupils feel at home. In a very short time he is taking part in activities ‘like an old-timer. Various special needs are met. For example, the teacher may find that the new pupil has difficulty with reading. He is then assigned to the remedial-reading teacher who works with him for a half-hour per day for as long as necessary to bring his reading up to the proper level if this is possible. One teacher has given full time and another half time to remedial reading. Should a pupil have a speech defect, a trained speech teacher is available to help the child overcome his handicap. A psycholo¬ gist may be called in to study a child who seems to be emotionally un¬ stable or socially maladjusted. After holding conferences with the child and studying all possible environmental factors the findings are made available to the teacher. What appears to be a problem of discipline may be intelligently solved by this approach. If a child fails to make the progress that seems normal for him, a special test is given by a trained person. This helps the teacher understand why the child is having diffi¬ culty. Sometimes the teacher needs a contact with the home of a particular child for aid in understanding him. A visiting teacher performs this task in a friendly way and reports back to the teacher and principal just what the home conditions are. If the teacher wants a conference with the mother, a two-hour period each month is set aside for just such confer¬ ences. At least a half-hour is scheduled for each interview; in this period both teacher and parent learn from one another. In addition to these planned conferences, parents are always welcome for more casual con¬ tacts. For every child there is an hour of club activity each week where he may pursue whatever special interest he has; for example, art, music, library, nature study, or dancing. In these clubs the children may grow and develop in whatever field their interests lie. A trained nurse is present to take care of any health problems that arise. As part of the health program, each child has an audiometer test. If any hearing defect is noted, a doctor examines the child and makes recommendations to the parent as to treatment. Cases of defective vision and speech maladjustments are handled the same way. teachers evaluate 217 Classes are small enough for the teachers to really study the child and to watch his growth. When every child has a chance to develop in an atmosphere where every phase of his life is intelligently studied and where help is given when weaknesses appear, it is little wonder that we have a cheerful, cooperative group of boys and girls of many back- Respect—Not Tolerance—for All Groups MacArthur School is a mixture of cultures—many Negroes, some Japanese-American, a few Chinese, Indian, and Mexican. The com¬ munity includes southern white families with traditional feeling about race relations. The Ethics Committee has tried to decide why it is that almost no racial feeling, much less friction, exists at school. The members agree that the fine work of the Negro teachers on the staff is one important factor. The way that group relationships are organized has also helped to develop in each pupil an unselfconscious respect for all other pupils. One teacher, with a special assignment that took him to many different classrooms, said: The executive staff laid down few rules and regulations. Teachers were, for the most part, on their own. There was one important ex¬ ception. From the superintendent, thru the principals, to the classroom teachers, no exceptions were tolerated to the rule forbidding any kind of racial discrimination. My duties as a special teacher took me into more than fifty classrooms. Negro pupils were in every class, but I saw no sign of racial tension. The children worked together; they played together; they took part in all school activities together; and yet there was almost no friction. Even teachers who came into this school with established racial con¬ ditionings have changed their attitudes in the face of proof that Negro pupils are as good and as bad, as bright and as stupid, as above average and as below average as are white pupils, when they have had the same background for development of potentialities. Our seating arrangement at tables and our group discussions for special assignments creates a friendly atmosphere, every student learning the qualities that make him most acceptable to the group. Discussions on honor, decency, cleanliness, and a just consideration of others tend to make him regard other students on an equal basis. Recognition of inherent individual abilities such as musical, athletic, or oratorical talent gives the child pride and confidence in himself and 218 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS meets his need of being wanted in his group. The school provides many opportunities for the child to gain self-confidence and a feeling of belonging. We know that it is not what the child learns, but what he does with what he learns, that is the real mark of education. It was this putting of democratic attitudes into action that made racial equality such a forceful learning experience in the Vanport schools. How far this experience will reach down into the lives of the children who shared it cannot be measured. But that it will go deep, there is no doubt. Our weekly assemblies have proved to be a good workshop of de¬ mocracy. Most of the programs have been an outgrowth of classroom work. Visitors and outside entertainers comment often on the happy and wholesome atmosphere on these occasions. All the children have had opportunities to participate both as an audi¬ ence and as performers on the platform. They have learned about and discussed the different kinds of behavior for each. They have been taught how to sit, stand, walk, and talk correctly, how to make and acknowledge introductions and announcements. Consequently, they sense more keenly the value of rules of auditorium or group behavior. They more intelli¬ gently and more graciously give up some individual rights for the good of the whole. Each week, improvement is noted. Patient reteaching and reminding go on constantly. Some of the spiritual qualities in evidence are. re¬ spect for each individual and his contribution—simple as it sometimes proves to be; faith in one’s self and in fellow students; creativeness and freedom of thought, speech, and action; the assumption of responsibility, unselfishness, cooperation, and adaptability; love of beauty and harmony; and loyalty to fellow students, country, and God. All thru the rehearsal for the Christmas play, which was of a religious nature, observers and teachers were aware of the reverence, quietness, and earnestness that prevailed. At a memorial service for President Roosevelt the earnestness and solemnity expressed were most touching. Civic Responsibilities Experiences essential to growth in citizenship are provided in the student councils. Pupils get actual practice in democratic procedure and in habits of participating in public affairs. Problems brought in from the various rooms or from the administration are presented and discussed, recommendations are made, and reports are brought back to the rooms. Usually meetings are held in rooms each week. Votes are taken when needed and new problems may be presented for the representative to teachers evaluate 219 carry back to the council. The children are learning thru experience that a truly representative government is impossible unless all the rooms participate. Again they learn by doing—they see the result of mistakes and how to correct them. As a result of the student-council activities, we see better informed, better behaved, and more efficient school patrols (for they soon learn that an officer is a helper not a boss); a greater respect for property, re¬ flected in the appearance of lavatories, library books, and art work hung in halls; a more sincere attempt to avoid waste of food in the cafeterias; and improved punctuality. * Experience Enriched thru Art A great deal of beautiful art work is done by MacArthur children, considering that a large majority of them have had their first contact with this opportunity since coming to Vanport The related-arts program at MacArthur School has been so organized and developed that it is more than just art teaching It has been correlated in part with classroom themes or units, with strong carry-over values, both spiritual and material. The three examples described developed rev¬ erence, confidence in self, group cooperation, wholesome pride, and an appreciation of beauty in general: One sixth grade planned and painted four attractive murals on the walls of their room. Four committees of two were chosen, including one retiring or shy student on each committee. These murals were expressions of personal achievements in related arts by both type children. The shy students were supported and spurred on by the more confident artists. One criticism of this activity might be that too few children participated, but during the study of the unit all in the room had opportunity for indi¬ vidual expression thru painting individual panels. There was no evidence of jealousy by those not included on the committees, rather wholesome pride that their classmates were capable of painting such attractive murals. The value the retiring children received, their increased confi¬ dence, their pride, more than overbalanced the use of small committees. This project was a splendid evidence of cooperation and harmonious thinking and doing. A delightful project by a fourth-grade group was a mural of Oregon birds. A simple study of birds was completed first. Each child studied a bird, drew it, and colored it true to life. Next a large tree was painted on the wall space, drawn so as to leave room for the birds. Each child 220 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS reproduced his own bird on a branch of the tree, the ground, or on the fence in the mural. This was a happy, harmonious, entire group partici¬ pation. The study of birds was a fine approach to reverence thru appre¬ ciation of the beauties of nature. Appreciation of trees was developed in a unit by a fifth-grade group. Each child studied a tree—where it grew and its peculiarities. An origi¬ nal, creative composition was made by each pupil from his careful study of a tree. These pictures formed part of the decorations of the room for a long time for they were truly fine. The group became tree conscious and developed keen observation. A collection of things and materials relating to trees was gathered, and a record of the entire project was kept by each pupil and made into an attractive book. In the fine sense of room unity developed in this study, a' party was planned for parents so they could see the results. The children gave a short program and were then hosts and hostesses at an attractive tea. Parents were guests, also some special teachers, administrators, and a Portland poet whose poem about trees had been much enjoyed by the children. Time for Happiness A special purpose and accomplishment of this school has been to provide for these children some of the security and happiness that in peace time they might have found in their homes. One teacher made this statement: Vanport from start to finish was created by war for war. The housing units were planned as war workers’ living units, not homes. The men and women who occupied these units worked in the shipyards night and day. Vanport was anything but a happy environment for children. Proof of this statement is contained in a survey of the children’s reactions to their life in Vanport. These are some of the complaints: "The units are so ugly” (apartment buildings all painted originally in very dull colors as camouflage from bombing). "We live too close to people.” "Every¬ thing is the same dirty color here.” "I miss the flowers we had at home.” "If you make a noise the neighbors pound on your wall.” "Mother is always working.” The children listed as what they missed most "relatives,” '.'pets,” "snow at Christmas,” and "homey surroundings.” Coming from every direction, of many races, they expressed a common hunger for the security of home. The teachers were called upon to put back into the lives of these chil- teachers evaluate 221 dren that which war had pronounced expendable—security, attention, a sense of individual importance, and the spiritual values on which man¬ kind thrives. Never will I forget the first Christmas celebration in MacArthur School—Christmas trees up and down the halls and Christmas parties in every room at which Santa appeared to celebrate. The auditorium was packed to capacity; eager, happy children with excited, upturned faces were all together enjoying the beautiful pageantry of the Christmas story. Thru the auditorium windows, one could see the safety helmets of war workers as the parents of these children peered in on their way home from work, happy in the knowledge that war had hot deprived their children of the joy of Christmas. Thru other parts of the year, as well, these teachers did many things that contributed to happy living for these war-project children. It was this "pinch-hitting for the home” so successfully correlated with class¬ room procedures that seems to me to be the secret to that "something different” which all members of the staff recognize as distinctive of the Vanport school system. No Magic Formula Just the effort to do good teaching and the opportunity to do it in an air of democratic equality—these seem to be what is found as an explanation for the high morale and sense of satisfying achievement in the war years at MacArthur School. The committee believes that its efforts at analysis were themselves helpful. As teachers, they will value more highly, in any school, specific evidences of democratic sharing in school management, regard and respect for the individual pupil, education for civic responsibility, creative experiences thru art, and the maintenance of a homelike atmosphere. The shy backward child whose name is the last we learn in a class is likely to be the one who most needs our help. Let us develop in this child the courage to assert himself. —PUBLIC SCHOOLS, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, Moral and Spiritual Values in Education A Suggested Approach to Evaluation of Spiritual Values By LESTER B. SANDS Head, Department of Education, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico T he possibility o£ measurement in the area o£ spiritual values lies in evaluating overt behavior from a spiritual ’point of view. It is indeed impossible to measure that which is unexpressed, such as sensations of inspiration and depression, visions of totality in life, and emotional impressions. Yet these are the fabric of spiritual life, they have a positive reality, and to some degree they are revealed in the visible and audible reactions of the individual to the outer world. To make any approach toward evaluation of spiritual values we must assume that the spiritual life of a person is expressed at least in part thru his observable conduct—his actions and language. In this assumption we are supported by psychologists and philosophers, who in general accept the view that objective behavior is truly representa¬ tive of mental and spiritual life. Another fundamental assumption must be that spiritual life is adequate when the individual becomes a part of all that is socially worthwhile in his personal and institutional associations. He becomes identified with worthy purposes and activities yet he maintains his free personality. A worthy spiritual life is manifested thru wholesome participation in all areas of life. To evaluate the spiritual responses of a child one must be quick to note revelations in words of his thinking and attitudes and, also, must study his behavior in various types of situations. Insight may be gained from what the child says in classroom discussions and problem situations, from his creative efforts in art and in written language, and from attitudinal tests. The sympathetic teacher often will read between the lines that pupils write. Anecdotal records from class¬ rooms, halls, playgrounds, and any other locale may be significant in revealing the child’s response to problems of human relations. [ 222 ] approach to evaluation 223 Suggested Criteria Criteria are needed to interpret the spiritual significance of the records and informal observations. Eight criteria are suggested here as bases for an evaluation of spiritual status and progress: 1. Respect for others in terms of personality, individuality, rights, and freedom 2. Sympathy for the less fortunate 3. Cooperation in personal and social situations 4. Promotion of desirable standards of behavior—individual and social 5. Recognition of adults as spiritual leaders 6. Participation in group activities of a spiritual nature 7. Consideration for public and private property 8. Appreciation of the school. Each of these criteria may be applied to (a) language or creative art expression that reveals attitudes and feelings, and (b) anecdotal records or other observation of behavior. The analysis that follows uses this twofold basis for discussing each of the eight criteria. Respect for others —Attitudinal responses of respect for others should include expressions of fundamental respect for all individuals irrespective of race, creed, or national origins. This basic respect is nonpartisan, unprejudiced, and voluntary. It considers all humans as entitled to equal rights in freedom and security. Behavior evidence of respect for all peoples should contain anec¬ dotes of group and individual acceptance of all people on all levels. Situations involving the home, the school, and the community should reveal democratic respect for all individuals. Sympathy for the less fortunate —An attitude of sympathy for those less fortunate in health, physical strength, economic circumstance, and political and social conditions is an evidence of spiritual development. Tests can be built which reveal such attitudes both in children and adults. While expressions of sympathy for the unfortunate are whole¬ some, they are meaningless unless implemented with action. Evidence of helpfulness to others is needed to evaluate an individual’s growth in spiritual channels. 224 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Cooperation in personal and social situations —Spiritual values can be studied by the degree to which an individual is willing to cooperate with individuals and groups in social and institutional life. It is pos¬ sible to arrange an examination that will appraise a person’s desire to work with others. It is also necessary that action be observed in order to establish the fact that a person’s expressions in favor of cooperation are not mere statements. Teachers, parents, friends, and employers can always cite instances of an individual’s behavior in terms of cooperation. Promotion of desirable standards of behavior —Spiritual living is related to good behavior in all types of situations. Where standards are known, it is possible to examine an individual relative to his desire to improve such standards by his own conduct Such examina¬ tions sometimes reveal a surprising ignorance of standards supposed to be generally known. Anecdotal records of conformance to standards, and violations of them, should be helpful in diagnosing this form of spiritual value. Recognition of adults as spiritual leaders —It is entirely feasible to create a test estimating the degree to which young people consider adults to be spiritual leaders. However, if the adults with whom the students are acquainted are not spiritual leaders, no derogatory score could be marked against the young people. Young people are always in need of such leadership from adults, and it should be the expecta¬ tion of schools and spiritually oriented organizations to produce more spiritual leaders. The respect and behavior of children toward adults will reveal whether they recognize them as leaders. Such evidence is highly essential in estimating the degree to which the school can encourage- spiritual progress. Participation in group activities of spiritual nature —The attitudes of children toward educational assemblies, toward church, toward symbolical ceremonies, and toward small spiritually directed gather¬ ings should present evidence of a student’s appreciation of the social nature of the spiritual. Without such appreciation, children will be inclined either to cynical nonparticipation or to stolid conformance to what is to them a meaningless exercise. approach TO EVALUATION 225 Actual evidence of readiness.and ability to participate in spiritually focused activities is undoubtedly the best possible method of deter¬ mining appreciation of group spirituality. Actual participation in all types of group activities is also significant of the feeling for group cooperation and offers grounds to assume incipient spirituality. Consideration for public and private property —The care and pro¬ tection of public and privately owned property may be considered to be an aspect of the fundamental respect for this society. Tests can be arranged to study the attitudes of students toward materials be¬ longing to others. While material things are not absolutely essential to spirituality, yet the attitudes of persons toward material things are highly significant. Notes on the behavior of students toward property in and about the school, in the home, and in the community should be helpful in verifying expressed attitudes. Public schools, Dearborn, Michigan; Whalen photograph The school encourages fellow feeling and cooperation. 226 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Appreciation of the school —An understanding of the school as an important agency of society should be of significance in rating the attitudes of spirituality in pupils While the school includes a physical plant under the control of adults called teachers, its purposes are idealistic. In the same way, other agencies of society should be fully comprehended by pupils, and tests can be made to evaluate this understanding. The appreciation of school is frequently revealed by young people in their desire to attend school, the regularity of their attendance, their sorrow when schooling is over, and their visits to the school after the completion of their own courses. Such evidences are true spiritual appreciations for the school. School Rather than Pupil Is Evaluated Efforts at evaluation such as those suggested should help to identify the individual pupils who are responding or not responding to the spiritual influences in the school atmosphere, and may lead to indi¬ vidual adaptations of approach or method with individual learners. Of equal or greater significance is the revelation of strengths or weaknesses of the school itself in promoting spiritual values for its pupils. The findings may be a challenge to the faculty in appraising the school program as a whole. The all-important question still remains: by what spirit are our schools animated? Do they cultivate the higher faculties in the nature of childhood—its conscience, its benevolence, a reverence for whatever is true and sacred? ... The foundations of national greatness can be laid only in the industry, the integrity, and the spiritual elevation of the people. —HORACE MANN, Ninth Annual Report Chapter VII SPIRITUAL VALUES IN THE DANIEL WEBSTER SCHOOL Harold V, Baker, chairman of the Editorial Committee for 1947, died at Memorial Hospital in New York City on March 2, 1947. His ideas and contributions appear thruout the yearbook; the entire volume, in one sense, is a memorial to him. His co-workers on the Editorial Committee desired, however, to add a more personal tribute to his leadership in education for spiritual values. He shunned the limelight for himself but always was gratified by appreciation for the school that he served as principal—the Daniel Webster School of New Rochelle, New York. The Committee felt that the recognition that would have pleased him most would be an interpretation of the school to which he gave many years of inspired service. In this plan the Committee was fortunate in secur¬ ing the help of several members of the Daniel Webster School staff. In the spirit of selflessness that seems to be typical of the school these persons prefer not to have their names listed. The Committee is grateful to each one for the service given. The article that follows, dealing with one school and with the man whose life is reflected in the school, gives an inspiring picture of the elementary-school principal- ship at its best. Beloved by children, trusted by teachers, respected by his community, Harold V. Baker added honor to his profession. Photograph by Sim Joe Smith, New Rochelle, New York HAROLD VERNON BAKER Principal of the Daniel Webster School, 1932-1947 « "To me a child has a spirit and we in the schools can do much to help that spirit grow into something finer and finer. ... A child’s spirit has tremendous worth.” Spiritual Values in the Daniel Webster School By STAFF MEMBERS Daniel Webster School, New Rochelle, New York D aniel Webster School has a spirit which is felt the moment one enters the building. A casual observer, upon entering, may think it is the effect of the lovely Tudor building designed to be an integral part of the neighborhood, the artistic entrance, or the adjoin¬ ing auditorium with its beautifully carved oak paneling, decorative ceiling, leaded glass windows, pipe organ, and warm brown velvet draperies which lend an atmosphere of serenity and beauty; but the real spirit of Daniel Webster School, which the sensitive thoughtful observer experiences, is something far deeper and more spiritual than mere architectural or material surroundings. The spirit of Daniel Webster School is the spirit of Harold Baker, created by a man having lived and worked in it, who believed in justice and creative coopera¬ tion, who had faith in human beings, who appreciated the arts, music, and fine literature, and above all believed in the dignity of the individual and the joy of work well done. Mr. Baker dedicated himself to the development of children and the establishment of a wholesome, worthwhile atmosphere wherein children might grow toward greater individual and social maturity. He exemplified the virtues of good character and democratic living. Because of his character and personality he had a stimulating and stabilizing influence upon the the teachers, pupils, and parents of the community as a whole. Vacuity Members Are Friends Principal-teacher relationships were those of real democracy and served as a model for democratic teacher-pupil relationships. In order to be constantly studying and evaluating existing practices of the school, well-planned democratic faculty meetings were held f 229 ] 230 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCI regularly in the teachers’ lounge, where an atmosphere of social and friendliness prevailed. Tea always preceded the meetings, w were kept upon such a high plane that teachers never looked i them with a feeling of boredom. Instead, they have considered t an opportunity to help in the planning of the school’s program they have left them with a greater appreciation and satisfactio their work, a better understanding of themselves, their fellow workers, and the children under their care, and with more defi plans for the future welfare of the children. Thru these faculty meetings and individual conferences Baker's philosophy of education and psychology of human bein$ which were so much a part of his unassuming, sincere personalil were readily absorbed by teachers and willingly put into prac Teachers were given a feeling of security which they in turn seei to use as a model in helping each child to feel more secure in environment. Each weekly bulletin to the teachers ended with a quotation c fully selected for the week, or more often some bit of philosoph inspire the teacher in her work. New books, current magazine arti relative to education, and bits of poetry were circulated among teachers or placed upon the counter in the office in an inviting man The weekly newsletter has gone out each Wednesday at noon the past fourteen years, giving parents a keen insight into the hapj ings of the school, the philosophy which guides their children, an appropriate quotation for their pondering. Serenity and Happiness Are Valued Mr. Baker’s sensitivity to beauty and the finer things of life riched and influenced the life of the school and helped to provide atmosphere of serenity and beauty in which the spirits of child could grow into something finer. Each day at Daniel Webster, sch starts with a musical selection broadcast over the school ra system to every classroom. The musical selections have always b carefully chosen to fit special days or occasions; whether, as during last war, it was a patriotic selection to emphasize some victory o DANIEL WEBSTER SCHOOL 231 it were only a cheerful or lively selection to dispel the gloom of a dark and dismal morning. If a class were working on some particular music, records from that source were played, much to the children’s delight. Then, too, children were encouraged to tell Mr. Baker their favorite selections among the school’s record library so that these could be played in the mornings. Children took an active part in these morning broadcasts, making their own announcements of activities in which they were interested. Besides these announcements and his own, Mr. Baker always mentioned, in his calm and pleasing voice, something of interest or beauty that he had seen on the way to school—it might have been the mist rising from the near-by lake in the early morning, the riot of color from the leaves reflected in the water on a fall day, or the beauty of the pale green willows bordering the lake in the spring. Because of this influence the lake itself has become part of the school. Classes go to it frequently, for sheer enjoyment of its beauty, to have a story read to them, to enjoy a marshmallow roast or a picnic, or to go on a scientific jaunt to study the plant and animal life and gather materials for terrariums and aquariums. Music Has a Central Place. Music probably plays a greater part in this school than in most elementary schools, because children are always encouraged to hear good music and to make good music themselves, be it instrumental or choral singing. The school has an unusually fine band and orches¬ tra. It is always an inspiration to see the children carrying their instruments and to observe their eagerness to get to their instrumental lesson or to band and orchestra rehearsal. Hardly a Wednesday (which is band and orchestra day in the school) went by without Mr. Baker appearing in the back of the auditorium to enjoy the children’s efforts. They watched for him to come and noticed when he did hot appear. If he were too busy to go in, he always opened the doors so that he could listen to the music while he worked in his * office; this the children always observed too. One child wrote: A few months ago I was entering the school with my violin when Mr., ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 232 Baker stopped to say, "Pat, how are you getting along with your violin lessons? I hope you will be playing in the orchestra next year.” I said, "I will, because I am going to study very hard.” "That's the spirit,” he replied I am sure he knows I am playing in the orchestra now. His kind Children come to a school where beauty is valued. and loving words will inspire me to do my very best.—Patricia Downey, Grade III While Daniel Webster is one of the few elementary schools in the United States to have a pipe organ, it is indicative of Mr. Baker’s philosophy that it was not just a thing to be looked at or used only on special occasions. Children practice on it every day during school DANIEL WEBSTER SCHOOL 233 hours. Free instruction is given by the director of music, who answered Mr. Baker’s appeal to make the instrument a part of the children’s everyday education. This is just another one of the many musical opportunities afforded in Daniel Webster School. Beauty Is Seen and Created Beauty has always been emphasized in the lives of Daniel Webster children in every possible way. Small sculptures are found in window niches and the office. Lovely flower arrangements are found in many places thruout the building. The exhibit cases in the halls carry a constantly changing display of the children’s art and craft work. The chairman of the parent committee on art selects prints of art master¬ pieces from the New York City museums each month, to be hung in the halls of the school.- There are pictures to interest children of all ages from the kindergarten thru the seventh grade and always one selection of particular interest to the teachers. Above the oak paneling and bookcases in the school library is a colorful frieze painted by an artist of the community. This frieze depicts characters well known in children’s literature. The children of the school chose their favorite stories in folk and fairy tales to be depicted Another way in which children help to create beauty in the schools is thru their flower show in the school gymnasium each spring and thru decorating one of the Christmas trees at the holiday season. Each year at Christmas time Daniel Webster has two trees—one is decorated with thought as to color scheme, with ornaments bought from the stores. The other, which stands in the central foyer of the school and reaches to the ceiling, is the children’s Christmas tree. Every child in school helps to make the paper decorations and tc place them on the tree. To the eyes of the artistic person the tret isn’t always all that could be desired; but in the eyes of the children it is the loveliest tree in the world. They never grow tired of admiring it or pointing out their own ornament. Carols are always sung around this tree by individual classes for the enjoyment of others. Parents and friends are brought to see the tree. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 234 Every Child Counts Mr. Baker was completely absorbed with the development of the whole child. He knew each boy and girl in school by name. Children likened him in their writings to their fathers, because they felt he was particularly interested in them. He was interested in their spiritual, moral, esthetic, emotional, and physical welfare, as well as their intellectual growth. With him they felt secure and confident. They knew that they really counted as persons from the day they first entered Daniel Webster School. One year, just about Christmas time, a little boy from Czechoslovakia, who spoke no English what¬ ever, was registered by his parents for the kindergarten. Mr. Baker took them there and introduced the boy and his parents to the teacher and the children in the room. They were singing a Christmas carol and immediately Mr. Baker asked the parents if the boy could sing the words in his native tongue. They spoke to the boy who looked up at Mr. Baker and then joined the children in "O Tannenbaum.” Eight years later as the boy was leaving Daniel Webster School his father wrote Mr. Baker and told him how this simple incident had made the boy, and they as parents, feel at home at once in Daniel Webster School and that they had never lost that feeling for the school and its understanding principal. The children instinctively loved him and responded to his innate kindness and goodness. It was not unusual to see him walking thru the halls with half a dozen small children hanging on to him. When he went to their homes for dinner, as he often did, it was a rare treat for everyone in the family. He was a good friend, into whose lap a small child could climb to hear a choice fairy tale or a bit of poetry. One fourth-grade boy wrote of him: I remember Mr. Baker playing with the children before the bell rang. He used to pick up the small children and start laughing Mr. Baker was a jolly man. We couldn’t have had a nicer principal than Mr. Baker. In some schools the children don’t like their principals because he treats them bad. We all loved him and still do. Very few of us will ever forget him and his kind words.—Tommy Tranquillo, Grade IV DANIEL WEBSTER SCHOOL 235 With all the love and understanding that -he gave children he never failed to let them know that he knew they could be fine persons and he expected it of them. Consequently they strove to live up to his expectations of them. An editorial in the local newspaper said: Dr. Baker had unique and progressive ideas and sought to put them into practice. He did not seek to revolutionize the school, but to intro¬ duce whatever changes he thought advisable, thru the medium of steady progress on the basis of thoro study. His was the kind of school that the children who attended it will long remember for the un¬ usual way in which their interest was aroused, their education promoted, and their lives enriched in the earliest years of their schooling. His loss is immeasurable to his family, his friends, his school, and his community. To stimulate more interest in world affairs and the world about them Mr. Baker would often question the children informally as younger equals. It gave them a feeling of great pride and satisfaction to impart their knowledge to him, and learning became more fun to them. To aid creative thinking was his strong desire, and his willingness to listen to poems or articles written by children encouraged many of them. Always constructively critical, he gave the child the feeling that his work had real merit and that he appreciated their confiding in him. Their scripts for broadcasts were often brought to him for criticism and comment, and his suggestions were always graciously accepted. Articles for the local newspaper were shared with him before they were taken to the editor. Children Help in Planning Children and teachers participate in a democratic way of living at Daniel Webster School. The student council, known as the Better¬ ment League, is made up of student representatives from the third thru the seventh grades. Each class elects its own representatives and the council meets twice a month. They elect their own officers and conduct their own meetings. School problems are discussed and the representatives are guided to their own conclusions thru occasional suggestions. The Betterment League is their own organization and 236 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPAIS not one run by the principal. Mr. Baker was a quiet observer who listened and spoke when requested. The children know that it is their Public schools, Des Moines, Iowa Birds, trees, and flowers are watched thru the changing seasons. own council and that the responsibility of making decisions is their own. The guides to living at Daniel Webster School and the bicycle rules were a result of many deliberations on the part of the council. DANIEL WEBSTER SCHOOL 237 Cooperative enterprises have always been encouraged because they develop qualities in a child's life which other activities fail to do. The school newspaper, ''Web-Stirrings” is a fine example of the art of working together. Broadcasts over the school radio develop the pupil’s ability to appeal to others for contributions; selection of articles by a committee develops discriminating taste; art work is an outlet for some who have talent in that field; the preparation of the dummy, proofreading, mimeographing, assembly of the paper, and the delivery to classrooms—all help to utilize the talents of all stu¬ dents in a class. The apportionment of the various jobs reveals a sense of fairness and responsibility in all. Parents and children share in a common cause over and over in the Daniel Webster child’s life. During the recent world conflict war bonds and stamps were sold each Tuesday and Friday by the children of the two fourth grades. Mothers cooperated in the activity and came to the school on a regular schedule to assist the children with the sale and report of the day’s total, which was taken to each class by the students assigned to the booths for that day. The enthusiasm of the entire school ran high thruout the campaign. Generosity Is Encouraged Students of the school are encouraged to be generous and thought¬ ful of others. The Junior Red Cross gives constant attention to the needs, of others. In time of disaster in other parts of the country the appeal for food and clothes brings quick response from children who are willing to share with others. The donation of clothing and money for the people of the mother city—La Rochelle, France—was un¬ usually generous because of the way Mr. Baker presented the plea over the school radio. A "Treasure Chest of Books” for a school in England with which the children have had contact since the start of the war was enthusiastically filled and sent off. At Thanksgiving and Christmas time canned goods, fruits, and jellies are brought in for the Salvation Army, the Day Nursery, and the Colburn Home. One class visits the home for the aged near the school once a year and presents a musical program for their enjoyment. Flowers for Mr. Baker during his illness were frequently brought 238 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS to the school office by children, to be taken to him at the hospital. One day a first-grade teacher was arranging a bouquet which was intended for Mr. Baker. The children watched with great interest and when it was finished several children remarked, "Oh, that will make Mr. Baker feel better, it is so pretty.’’ Many times parent teas and school activities require cookies and cakes to be made in the home arts room. When younger children must do the cooking older students from the sixth and seventh grades willingly give up other activities in order to assist the younger children in the work. To help one another is a maxim of the school; it begins in the kindergarten and carries thru the entire school life Parents Come Often to School Daniel Webster School’s closing exercises are illustrative of the truly democratic life of the school, where children and adults of all races, creeds, and color come together to work and play in real harmony and brotherly love These closing exercises mark the end of the child’s work in the elementary school. Giving cognizance to the fact that the entire faculty of the school, as well as the child’s father and mother have had a share in guiding these children thru these years, Mr. Baker always desired that both the home and the school participate actively in this event and the type of program designed was one in which such participation could take place The first part of the program consists of a supper which is pre¬ pared by the students of the two seventh grades, their parents, and the teaching and custodial staff of the school. Parents receive a letter telling of the plans and asking if they will assist with the preparation of the food. The parents and the students, under the supervision of the home arts teacher, spend two days in the home economics room of the school making preparations Parents help with setting the tables and with the decorations in the gymnasium where the supper is served Prior to the recent war the supper was a picnic supper with the food cooked on outside grills in a picnic grove about ten miles from school. The evening of the program parents and children are seated at long tables and the entire group of teachers serve the guests. Before the dinner fathers and sons often play games out on the school DANIEL WEBSTER SCHOOL 239 Daniel Webster School, New Rochelle, New York; Bert Lewis photograph The elementary school is the people’s school. More than any other institution it provides a common background for living, playground. After the supper a short program is given in which all the seventh-grade students participate. Each parent is urged to attend; fathers especially are urged to leave business early just once, for, wrote Mr. Baker: Tho this may inconvenience some busy fathers, it is only once in a lifetime that a child completes elementary school and father is asked to remember this. Your child will remember it if father isn’t present. 240 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Such a letter, relayed by a twelve-year-old daughter to her busy father, who was married a second time and living in Chicago, brought him a thousand miles to be present at the supper with his child. Mr. Baker was truly concerned about the spirits of children, and parents were forever grateful to him for that. Evidence of this may be seen in the following excerpts from letters received at the school after Mr. Baker’s death: How can one venture to put into words the "spiritual values" received from Harold Baker? One would have to be a poet to even attempt that. But to have known him, as I have, these many years, to have worked with, observed and been guided by his great understanding of my children and of all children, to have known his great love for nature, and his deep appreciation of the beauty in the world, must certainly make one aware of the fact that such a gift bestowed upon man must surely have sprung from a higher Being. One man, able to live such a complete life of un¬ derstanding, courage, and faith, and able to impart that teaching to old and young alike, must himself have been the possessor of great spiritual values, which have made the knowing of him a blessing to all who chanced his way. To few of us have been given the gift to understand and live in a child’s world; those who are so privileged earn the gratitude and love of our children and Dr. Baker was one of these. Many of us knew this when he was living, but his loss bas more profoundly emphasized the role he played in the lives of the children. We miss him, but our children miss him more. He was their friend and one who insisted on living and working on their level and in their world, and so guided them as only a mature intelligence can. If one wants to understand how much we lost in Dr. Baker, talk to the children, whose friend he was. The teacher . . . gives not of his wisdom but rather of his faith and his lovingness. If he is indeed wise he does not hid you enter the house of his wisdom, but rather leads you to the threshold of your own mind. —KAHLIL GIBRAN, The Prophet Chapter VIII LOOKING FOR SPIRITUAL VALUES: A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION One who looks for spiritual values must look deeply. « A visitor sees a child watering plants in the classroom; little children usually welcome such classroom duties. But many different conditions can underlie the performance. If caring for the plants is a privilege given to a favored pupil by the teacher, there is little spiritual value in the action. If the child has been elected "gardener” by his classmates and has real responsibility for the plants, then his care for them can be a phase of growth in civic loyalty and pride for the entire class. The difference is in the way the thing is done. Many typical elementary-school experiences can build spiritual values if the leaders of the groups of learners are consciously working toward that end. Since the school is only one of the value-buildmg influences in a child’s life, there is need for a-cooperative understanding by the school and other agencies in developing the different experiences that will help the child to grow daily toward higher levels of good living. This closing chapter was written by Glenn E. Barnett, assistant secretary of the Educational Policies Commission, at the request of the Editorial Committee. He brought to the task a background of experience in work on the Com¬ mission’s forthcoming report, Education for All American Children . In preparing this summary and interpretation of the yearbook, he has earned the gratitude of the Editorial Committee and the Department. Every act shows something of the values that have been built within. Looking for Spiritual Values: A Summary and Intepretation By GLENN E. BARNETT Assistant Secretary, Educational Policies Commission, National Education Association, Washington, D.C. A delightful little poem by Christina Rosetti, entitled “Who Has Seen the Wind?”, reads: Who has seen the wind? Neither I nor you: But when the leaves hang trembling The wind is passing thru. Who has seen the wind? Neither you nor I: But when the trees bow down their heads The wind is passing by . 1 In a sense the editors of this yearbook paraphrased the question of the poem and asked of elementary school principals thruout the nation, "Who has seen the spirits of children?” and the answer, even as in the poem, was, "We have not seen the spirits of children, but we have seen children listening, responding, acting—the outward demonstrations of the spiritual values within.” A Wide Range of Experiences Includes Spiritual Values Thruout the reports in the preceding pages the principals have written: "The children in our elementary schools have many experi¬ ences which develop spiritual values. They are growing in respect for human worth, in appreciation and desire for the finer things of life, in the acceptance of responsibility directed toward the common good, and in the desire to make themselves better persons.” Human worth —The dignity of man and his worth as an individual is the spiritual basis of all man-to-man relations. How children work 1 National Education Association American Citizens Handbook. Washington, D C the Asso¬ ciation. 194(3 p. 492 [ 243 ] 244 JaLHMhJN 1ARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS with each other in school regardless of nationality, color, creed, or position determines to a large extent the level at which they will live in the community of man. Elementary schools are giving children of all backgrounds oppor¬ tunities to live with children of other cultures: Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos, Indian, Hawaiian, Mexican, Negro, white, Catholic, Jew, and Protestant. And as they live together children learn to accept people for what they are and what they can do. Such opportunities may come in sharing with others—"Shoes, shoes, shoes, What can we do ?”; 2 in learning the customs of other groups—"This Mexican Christmas celebration seemed to be a natural observance for this school ”; 3 at parties for boys and girls—"Parties without tears ”; 4 or in learning in the everyday work of the school—"The usual school pro¬ gram with work periods and discussion periods, under the guidance of a good teacher who sees every situation permeated with moral and spiritual growth possibilities, contributes most .” 5 The values which children place on mankind are spiritual values and they are formed in elementary schools as children work with each other day by day. The finer things —Man’s search for "acres of diamonds ” 0 can still be consummated in his own back yard. Things which hold the greatest possibilities of real life enrichment are frequently more easily within reach than are the empty things for which so many men strive. Beauty is all around for those who have eyes to see, creative activities await at every hand for those who understand that everyday tasks fit into a great pattern of human endeavor. Elementary-school children today are experiencing firsthand the worthwhile things which make living rich. Singing together—"The 'sing’ makes one forget the week end” , 7 maiveling at the patterns of nature—"the airy and minute seeds of the huge cottonwood tree, the strata in a stone, the delicate pattern of a butterfly wing ”; 8 appre- - ' Tlie Elves and the Shoemaker," Haines, p, 188 ' ‘Las Posadas," Mette and White, p 103 4 "What Values Shall We Cherish?" Wagner, p 201 3 "Schools of a Great City Seek Spiritual Values," Pixley and others, p. 131 0 Con-well, Russell Acres of Diamonds, New York Harper, 1S> 15 181 p 7 "Clearing the School Atmosphere for Spiritual Release," May, p. 57. 8 'Whatever the Weather," Steele, p. 16(5, LOOKING FOR SPIRITUAL VALUES 245 ciating the beautiful—"Classes go to the lake frequently .. . for sheer enjoyment of its beauty ”; 9 learning that their own world is filled with good things—"The positive aspects of rural life ”; 10 sharing in joint endeavor on a creative activity—"I painted the ocean” in the class frieze ; 11 and joining in thankfulness—"The simple program was by the children entirely—the Hundredth Psalm by a classroom verse choir, the story of the Pilgrims and the first Thanksgiving by a group then studying that period of history, reminders of things for which to be thankful by a group of the youngest children, Handel’s 'Largo’ by the choir, the usual Thanksgiving contribution to the Old Folks’ Home in the neighborhood, and two or three Thanksgiving hymns ”; 12 these are only a few of the activities in which children learn to share in durable satisfactions that represent human inspiration and aspira¬ tion at their best, to experience for themselves the lift of the spirit that comes in responding to beauty, in creating the beautiful, and in reverential gratitude for our daily blessings of life The common good —Men of goodwill, the goal of civilization for centuries, are willing to act on the belief that the best life for each is the best life for all. In our times this goal has come to mean not only working for the best life for all, but, in fact, working so that we may continue to live. The elementary school gives the child his first real opportunity to work in a world of persons who are his equals. Here, in most cases, for the first time children discover what the common good really means. They learn that each must contribute to the common task as he is able—"I can’t read like you so I can’t tell you anything about what I read, but l have brought some beautiful pictures which I’ll talk about” ; 13 that each must cooperatively work for the best for all— "A careful study had been made in this school of responsibilities especially suitable for each age level ”; 14 that even humble service is worthwhile—"Members of the Milk Service Corps recently were “ "Spiritual Values at the Daniel Webster School.” p 231. ltt “Building Esprit de Corps in a Rural School,” Brown, p. 29 11 “Painting a Frieze and Building Spiritual Values,” Neagley, p 10S 12 “Clearing the School Atmosphere for Spiritual Release,” May, p 59 13 “Living at High Levels in a Large City System,” Kennedy, p. 150. x * “Building from Within,” Stains, p 78, 246 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS honored ”; 15 and that each can do something—as a little girl said, "People do much more for each other at camp .” 16 The whole venture of living together gives elementary-school pupils their first continuing opportunity to become real persons of goodwill, discharging the duties of responsible citizens in a world of their peers, A better self —-The attitudes and habits each person possesses are fundamental to the determination of the kind of a life he will lead. The child who is becoming increasingly brave and trustworthy, and is growing in self-control and in respect for others, for example, is approaching the abundant life. To grow into the best person he can become, an individual must be sensitive to his own strength and weakness and be striving to improve. Children in elementary schools have many opportunities to know themselves and to grow as their needs indicate. Sometimes these experiences come under the school’s carefully planned guidance—"Seventh-grade pupils study the topic, 'Understanding Myself ’.” 17 Oftentimes children get help from others —"Let’s tell him all the good things we like about him ”; 18 and at other times from principals—"I didn’t mind coming to your office. In fact I wanted to come because you are the only person who ever sees some good in me .” 19 Children may learn to make amends for mistakes—"Their remedy was ... to go to Richard’s home to talk it over with him and apologize if it seemed best .” 20 Children come to know themselves thru gaining insight into their own personal reactions—"The captain’s own victory over himself .” 21 Elementary schools attempt to give children many opportunities to live so that the better qualities of personalities become habitual pat¬ terns for action. Characteristics of Learning Experiences in Building Spiritual Values Even tho the experiences in this book are as widely varied as could 1U 18 m 20 1 ‘Adventuring in Spiritual Development,” Green, p 39. ^ Light on Today's Children,” Snyder, p 162 Creating a Friendly School,” Lewis, p 30 ^ Teachers Think Together About Spiritual Values,” Bucks County Teachers Forum, p. 138 , , Spiritual Values That Haunt the Memory," p 181 ^Toward Inner Stability,” Othmer, p S3 Toward Inner Stability,” Othmer, p 67 LOOKING FOR SPIRITUAL VALUES 247 be brought together under a single topic, they do have a great many common characteristics. They are in most cases learnings which take place along with others. They grow in meaning as the adults in the situation understand and guide them. They are present as potentials in all elementary schools and they vary from child to child and from situation to situation. Simultaneous learnings —One of the most common characteristics of the activities represented in this book is that they are described in terms of a related activity which was in progress. For the most part there was no scheduled spot or plan for developing any spiritual value. The values themselves were developing as they were being used. Because of their foundation in actuality, these values are especially meaningful in the education of the whole child. Conscious guidance —Growth of these values cannot be properly left to chance. While methods and amounts of their development cannot be prescribed, they must be understood as learnings which take place as opportunities are seen and used. This is not teaching by tacking a moral at the end of a reading selection, nor is it a matter of values being "caught” incidentally. It is instead the actual de¬ velopment of foundations of thinking and doing as situations are seen in their true meaning. If the school is to provide optimum growth for children the staff must have a keen sensitivity to and personal ex¬ perience with spiritual values. Experiences typical of general elementary education —One con¬ tributor wrote simply that spiritual values in elementary schools de¬ pend upon how things are done. Of course certain things have more of the potential "how” than others, but in most cases it is the way an experience is carried forward which makes it consequential in build¬ ing values. Elementary schools need not manufacture situations in which spiritual values may develop, they need only to make the best use of the ones which are there Variations in application —Experiences similar to the ones in this book which have been reported as rich in spiritual values for the children involved have been in other schools simply passed over as meaning no more than two plus two equal four. No situation, how- 248 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS ever, can be expected to bring the same sort o£ value development to any two children. Nor would a perfect repetition of a given situa¬ tion bring the same development at another time in the same child. The value-building importance of a given experience differs according to the level and maturity of the individual, and according to the people, things, and experiences that are a part of his environment. Public schools, Des Moines, Iowa Elementary-school children today are experiencing firsthand the worthwhile things which make living rich. LOOKING FOR SPIRITUAL VALUES 249 Developing Spiritual Values a Cooperative Effort The elementary school does not work alone in the effort to elevate the level of children’s living. It is one of several institutions that operate in this wide and extremely important' area. Each of these institutions makes a contribution to the larger purpose. Contribution of the elementary school —The elementary school in the United States is the people’s school. More than any other institu¬ tion it provides a common background for their living. It must of necessity, therefore, offer only those common experiences which all members of society agree are suitable for their children. The spiritual values which it does help to develop are closely akin to the teachings which Lewis Browne brought together for his book, The World’s Great Scriptures , 22 In the preface he writes: There are ... at least three aspects to every great religion: faith, hope, and charity. Faith is the theology, hope is the ritual, and charity is the ethics. In choosing my selections, however, I have deliberately concen¬ trated on the third. . . . Here is the reason, What we need is a keener awareness of the kinship between all religions, and nowhere is this kinship so marked as on the ethical level. Men may differ grossly in what and how they worship, but riot in what and how they believe they should behave. This is the area in which the compilers of this yearbook believe the elementary school should operate. They believe that the ele¬ mentary school by choosing this area and not the other two, neither side-steps responsibility nor negates the importance of the others. An Inescapable Responsibility All elementary-school children in all elementary schools are each day building the values which will govern their lives, present and future. The values each will build into his own code are dependent on his thinking, feeling, and acting each moment of his time. The development is a continuous process—the nature of the growth is constantly being influenced by the climate of living provided by the elementary school. s Browne, Lewis. Tbs World’s Gnat Scriptures. New York Macmillan, 1946. p, xiv-xv. 250 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS To meet this responsibility this volume does not suggest the addi¬ tion of a new subject in the curriculum. That would not be enough What is suggested is something far more valuable to children. The yearbook places spiritual values in central focus as one of the basic aims to which the elementary school must give constant attention and which it must unfailingly help children to attain. It will demand of all adults who work with children much more than the hearing of lessons and the safeguarding of physical welfare. To grow into larger selves, children must be guided by great-hearted people who themselves have had rich experiences and have acquired the skill and insight to guide children toward opportunities for spiritual growth. We have not seen the spirits of children but we realize that their every act shows something of the values which they have built within. No, we have not seen the spirits of children, but we know that they too come to school, and that the school must meet them worthily. Ours is the responsibility of conserving, transmitting, rectifying, and expanding the heritage of values we have received that those who come after us may receive it more solid and secure, move widely accessible, and more generously shared than we have received it. ... We who now live are parts of a humanity that extends into the remote past, a humanity that has interacted with nature. The things in civilization we most prize are not of ourselves. They exist by grace of the doings and sufferings of the continuous human com¬ munity in which we are a link. . . . Loyalty to whatever in the estab¬ lished environment makes a life of excellence possible is the be¬ ginning of all progress. The best we can accomplish for posterity is to transmit unimpaired and with some increment of meaning the environment that makes it possible to maintain the habits of decent and refined life. . . . Our individual habits are links in forming the endless chain of humanity. . , , Formation of ideas as well as their execution depends on habit. . . . Our idealizations . . . can be carried thru only when the hard labor of observation, memory, and foresight weds the vision of imagination to the organized efficiencies of habit. —JOHN DEWEY, A Common Faith, and Human Nature and Conduct SELECTED REFERENCES 1. Baltimore Public Schools, Character Education Com¬ mittee. "The Character Education Program in the Baltimore Public Schools.” Baltimore Bulletin of Education 23: 41-46; November-De- cember 1945. 2. Brubacher, John S., editor. The Public Schools and Spiritual Values. John Dewey Society. Seventh Yearbook. New York. Harper and Brothers, 1944. 222 p. 3. Eldred, Arvie, editor. "Spiritual Values.” New York State Educa¬ tion 33: 528-45; April 1946. 4. Georgiady, Alexander. "Opportunities for the Development of Spiritual Values in the Reading Program.” Elementary School Journal 46: 437-40; April 1946. 5. Los Angeles City Schools. Moral and Spiritual Values in Educa¬ tion. Los Angeles City Schools Publication No. 402. Los Angeles: the Schools, 1945. Ill p. 6. Miller, Carl G. "Priority A-l for Teaching Character.” Editorial. Education 66: 537; April 1946. 7. Perry, Ralph Barton. One World in the Making. New York: A. A. Wyn (67 West 44th Street), 1945. 275 p. 8. Spalding, Howard G. "Education and the Crisis in Character.” School and Society 65: 217-20; March 29, 1947. 9. Thayer, V. T. Religion in Public Education. New York. Viking Press, 1945. Chapter 9, "The School and Character Education,” p. 163-98. Copies of the publications listed under "Selected References” may be ordered from their publishers; they are not available from the Department of Elementary School Principals. AVAILABLE YEARBOOKS OF THE DEPARTMENT Studies in the Elementary School Principalship. Fifth Yearbook, 1926. 300 p. $1.00. Projects in Supervision. Sixth Yearbook, 1927. 260 p. $1.00. The Elementary School Principalship. (Report of the Committee on Standards and Training.) Seventh Yearbook, 1928. 510 p. $1.00 Activities of the Principal. Eighth Yearbook, 1929- 400 p. $1.00. The Principal and Administration. Ninth Yearbook, 1930, 603 p. $1 00. The Principal and Supervision. Tenth Yearbook, 1931. 524 p. $1.00. [251] 252 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Personality Adjustment of the Elementary School Child. Fifteenth Year¬ book, 1936. 448 p. $1.50. Appraising the Elementary School Program. Sixteenth Yearbook, 1937. 431 p. $1.50. Newer Practises in Reading in the Elementary School. Seventeenth Year¬ book, 1938. 480 p. $1.50. Enriching the Curriculum for the Elementary School Child. Eighteenth Yearbook, 1939. 480 p. $1.50. Meeting Special Needs of the Individual Child. Nineteenth Yearbook, 1940. 508 p. $2.00. Language Arts in the Elementary School Twentieth Yearbook, 1941. 447 p. $2.00. In-Service Growth of School Personnel. Twenty-First Yearbook, 1942. 352 p. $2.00. Elementary Schools: The Frontline of Democracy. Twenty-Second Year¬ book, 1943. 351 p. $2.00. Creative Schools. Twenty-Third Yearbook, 1944. 320 p. $2.00. Community Living and the Elementary School. Twenty-Fourth Yearbook, 1945. 352 p. $2.00. Learning World Goodwill in the Elementary School. Twenty-Fifth Year¬ book, 1946. 368 p. $2.00. Spiritual Values in the Elementary School. Twenty-Sixth Yearbook, 1947. 352 p. $2.00. SPECIAL BULLETINS OF THE DEPARTMENT Radio and the Classroom. 1941. 98 p. 75 How To Know and How To Use Your Community. 1942. 80 p. 75jt The Elementary School Principal Plans for Safe Living. 1945. 24 p. 30^. Teachers and Children Plan for Safe Living. 1945. 24 p 30{z!. Elementary School Buildings. 1946. 48 p. 35^. The Role of Speech in the Elementary School. 1946. 120 p. $1.00. (No discounts allowed on this bulletin) The Elementary School Principalship—Planning the Future. 1945. 16 p. Free. And Proudly Serve—as a Principal. 1947. 16 p. Free. On the yearbooks and special bulletins published by the Department discounts are given for more than one copy of the same publication, as follows: 2-9 copies, 10 percent; 10-99 copies, 25 per cent; 100 copies or more, 3 3 V 3 percent. Order from the Department of Elementary School Principals, 1201 Sixteenth Street, Northwest, Washington 6, D.C. RECORDS AND INFORMATION T his section of the yearbook presents the membership list of the Department of Elementary School Principals of the National Education Association and a directory of state, sectional, and local associations of elementary-school principals. The list of members is arranged alphabetically by states, with symbols used to identify the life members and those who serve as local, district, and state representatives of the Department. This, membership list of 8931 names, including 346 life members, is indeed the "Who’s Who” for elementary-school principals. In June 1947 there were 830 members more than the year before; the total number of members is the largest in the history of the Department. Membership had increased 15 percent or more during the year in the following states, listed in order of rank: Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Maryland, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Iowa, and Louisiana. In the first four states listed the increases amounted to more than 40 percent. The three lists of professional organizations for elementary-school principals include 43 state associations; 123 sectional organizations (for counties and other regional district); and 129 local associations. The information is as complete as could be obtained. All organiza-' tions of elementary principals are urged to supply the corresponding information regularly for inclusion in future yearbooks. For more than twenty years the NEA Department of Elementary School Principals has set forth the vital, challenging goals of the principalship. The time has come for a nationwide program of action designed to raise the professional status of principals. Everywhere, .thru local and state groups, they must seek to develop the legislation, salaries, qualifications, and duties that are appropriate to the prin¬ cipalship of the present and the years immediately ahead. Eva G. Pinkston, Executive Secretary List of Members, 1946-1947 T his list of the current membership of The Department of Elementary School Principals is correct to June 1, 1947. Identify¬ ing symbols are used as follows: t Life members of the Department * * State representatives of the Department *• City, county, and district representatives of the Department § Members during the year who are now deceased ALABAMA Allen, Edith, 203 Cboccolocco, Oxford Anderson, Vera, Altamont Apts , Birming¬ ham 5 Ansley, Foster, 2408 N 12th Ave , Birming¬ ham 3 Attebery, J S , Crichton Baggett, Mrs Dorothy K, Cottage Hill School, Montgomery 6 Baughman, Mattie, Rt 8, Box 394, Birming¬ ham 8 Becton, Mrs. Lillian, 1017 Houston St , Mo¬ bile 19 Belser, Birdie, 103 N Lewis St , Montgomery 7 fBooker, R L , 1158 Gorgas, Mobile 20 Brooks, Annie L , 58 N Monterey St , Mobile Brown, Eura, 861 Walnut St , Gadsden Brown, Gregory B , Jr, 5117 S Seventh Ct , Birmingham (5 Brown, Mrs. Katherine O , 1615 Arlington Ave , Bessemer Bryant, Mrs Fred B , 2025 Leighton Ave , An¬ niston Callaway, Myrtle, 4233 Seventh Ave N , Bir¬ mingham 6 Campbell, T J,, N. Fourth St , Attalla Carlisle, Mrs Cecil A , 1616 Wellington Rd , Homewood Carson, Lois, 2210 Walnut Ave , Anniston Carter. Mrs, Letitia E., Box 273, Tuskegee In¬ stitute Cobb, James I , George Washington Carver School, Bessemer Collum, William E , Powell School, Birming¬ ham 4 Combs, Pauline H , 616 S. 51st St , Birming¬ ham 6 Cope, Lela, 114 River Falls St, Andalusia Cox, George D , 2620 N 35th Ave , Bir¬ mingham Crawford, Gordon, Box 97, Winfield DeVan, Mrs Katherine C., Arlington School, Mobile Deyampert, J W , 2647 Pike Rd., Birming¬ ham 8 Dillon, Elsie H, Lee School, Birmingham 7 Dockery, Mrs Christine H, 1225 16th Ave., Tuscaloosa Dowe, Marguerite, LaFayette School, Mont¬ gomery Farley, Mrs Charles R , Hewitt School, Truss- ville Farr, Osborne A , 1415 Graymont Ave , Bir¬ mingham Florence, Miss Willie, 930 21st Ave W , Birmingham 4 Follis, Hattie, 3013 Ave F, Ensley, Birming¬ ham Ford, Mrs Gordon A , 2500 N 19th Ave , Birmingham Frazier, Mrs M. K , Tuskegee Fuller, Mrs Thomas, 616 S 51st St, Burning ham 6 Gibson, W. Van Buren, Elementary School, East Tallassee Giles, Thomas M , West Blocton Glaze, Frank H., Minor School, Birmingham 8 Goar, Marie, 330 W Tenth Ave., Birming¬ ham 4 Goin, L. U., 1011 Eighth Ave N, Birming¬ ham 4 Gray, M P., 3121 Onerton Dr , Homewood Hall, William R., Holman School, Birming- ham 6 Hanes, Margaret, 4616 13th Ave. N , Birming¬ ham Harvey, Mrs Thomas C, 601 E Vine St, Decatur Havens, A H , 53 Osage St , Mobile Head, A L., Garden City Hicks, Mrs. Ludie Cowden. Rt 1, Remlap tHill, R Voyt, Martin School, Birmingham 4 Holland, Preuit I , Rt 3, Box 200, Birmingham Honea, J L , Piedmont Hopper, Jessie, 109 S Grove St , Huntsville Huntley, Mrs Minnow M , 8 N. Monterey St, Mobile 17 Johnson, Robert C , Lincoln School, Birming¬ ham 4 Johnson, Robert H, Jr, 2850 Potter Dr, Mobile 18 **Johnston, Robert C , 2030 Magnolia Ave S., Birmingham 5 Jones, Mrs Laura N , Children’s House, Box 157, Tuskegee Institute Jones, Lenore, 1606 Monterey PI , Mobile 19 Kelly, Fred L , 3925 S Eighth Ct , Birmingham 6 Knight, L. H , 501 Winona Ave , Montgom¬ ery 7 Koenig, Emma, 2725 Hanover Circle, Birming¬ ham 5 Laird, J M., Box 398, Prichard '■Lamberson, Lottie, 421 Eustis St, Huntsville Landers, Dr E. J,, State Teachers College, Jacksonville Malone, P W , Prichard Marona, Mildred A , Rt 1, Alabama City Matherson, Wayman C , 412 Tenth Ave N , Birmingham 4 McFaden, Mrs Elizabeth, 204 Augusta Ave, Montgomery 6 Mersereau, Sara M., Irvington School, Irving¬ ton Ming, Nannie, Elementary School, Union Springs Moore, A C., Supt of Schools, Atmore Moore, Mrs. J. W, Stafford School, Tusca loosa Moore, William J , 2015 26th Ave. N , Bir¬ mingham 7 Morris, Mrs Elizabeth, Turnerville School, Plat™,, LIST OF MEMBERS Morrcw, G C , Moore School, Birmingham Murphree, Mrs. Myra B , Elementary School, Prattville „ , , _ , Norton, H B , Robinson School, Birmingham ‘Nungester, Frances, 312 Church St , Decatur Obenchain, Dr I R , Henley School, Birming- ham Parton, Daisy, Box 1882, University Peterson, Mrs Charlotte, Laboratory School, Alabama College, Montevallo Phillips, Cleyborne B,, Blountsville Phillips, Walter M , 555 Charles St , Mobile 20 Pogue, James V , Gibson School, Birmingham Price, N H 300 Sixth St. S. W., Birmingham Pruett, Maude, Boaz Reagan, William A., 1736 26th St , Fairview, Birmingham Reynolds, Mrs. Nellie Dunn, 614 22nd Ave , Tuscaloosa fRtchards, Henry G , 733 N. Wood Ave, Florence Riley, DM, Rt 5, Box 184, Bessemer Roberts, Iola, Avondale Mills School, Box 73, Pell City ‘Rouse, Mrs Lily P., 354 Flint St*, Mobile Sapp, Ella F , 1511 Fourth Ave,, Bessemer Sartor, Mrs. Minnie F., Rt. 5, Box 119, Bir¬ mingham 6 Scott, Mrs, Herman, 2300 Glendale Gardens, Tuscaloosa fSheffield, Mrs Frances L , 10 N. Ann St , Mobile Showalter, Dr. B. R., Prof of Educ , Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn *Snoddy, W T., 1724 31st Ave N , Birming¬ ham 4 Sparks, H Claxton, Inglenook School, Birming¬ ham 7 Stephens, Annie M , Siluria Stroud, Mrs Ella M., 3904 36th Ave N., Bir¬ mingham 7 Sullivan, S W , Lane School, Birmingham 3 ‘Tuggle, Pearl Stewart, 1521 42nd St , Bir¬ mingham 8 Turnham, Mrs Esther C , 13 N 80th St, Bir¬ mingham 6 Underwood, C Price, 7830 Third Ave! S., Birmingham 6 Vaughan, Joseph T , 2008 S. 21st Ave , Bir¬ mingham 5 Vines, Mrs Ruth M., 351 S. Jackson St, Montgomery 5 Whatley, Maude L , Central School, Tuscaloosa Wheatley, Lucy J , Rt 2, Brent fWilliams, J. D , 5708 Sixth Ave S., Bir¬ mingham Williams, Jacob T , West Gadsden School, Alabama City Wills, Noah E , Cameron School, Birmingham 5 Wood, C. R , Dean, State Teachers College, Jacksonville Woodall, Mrs J. B , 308 S Greene St , Hunts¬ ville Woods, Mrs Jessie F, Junior High School, Huntsville ARIZONA Adams, L. S , Horace Mann School, Bisbee Aldridge, Aubrey C , 14 N. 13th St , Phoenix Ashe, John L , Supt of Schools, Gila Bend Bailey, Lucile, 2140 E Virginia, Phoemx Ballfinch, Loy, 420 E Fourth St., Tucson Barr, Gordon, Rt. 12, Box 400, Phoenix Barry, John H , Supt of Schools, Maricopa Co., Phoenix Benedict, Franklin J , Supt of Schools, Benson Bowie, Arthur J., Supt. of Schools, Williams ‘Bradford, H Frank, 3l4 W. Lewis, Phoenix ‘Brimhall, E R , 253 E Second Ave , Mesa Burr, Rollin D., 2034 E. Mabel St., Tucson ( Arizona ) 255 Caldwell, Mrs. Alice K , 1496 E McKinley, Phoenix Carlisle, O _ L , Somerton Case, Maurice, Box 1476, Miami ‘Case, Randolph V., Washington School, Ray ‘Clements, Norman, Hill Street School, Globe Coor, L F , Box 62, Avondale Court, Grace, 2005 W. Washington St., Phoenix Curtis, Loren S , Supt. of Schools, Marana fDudley, James M , Mohawk Valley School 17, Roll Dunham, Lance, Osborn School, Phoenix Dyer, Kenneth, Box 211, Tolleson Elliott, John R,, 1636 E. Palm Lane, Phoenix Enloe, L. A., Supt. of Schools, Bowie Erickson, Irene, 40 E 14th, Tucson Estavillo, Frank H., Box 706, Superior Ford, Mrs Inez C , 4lf% E 18th St, Tucson Frye, Vomen L , Elementary School, Scottsdale Gammage, Mrs Sybil, Box 277, Coolidge Gregory, William E , Box 26, Sahuarita Griffith, W. A , 841 Normal Ave , Tempe ‘Gustafson, Alburn M, 315 E Mabel St., Tucson Hale, Mrs. Alice, 2401 E Sixth St., Tucson Hanchett, Brose, Solomonville Hartung, Fred, 816 W. Roosevelt, Phoenix Hawkins, S F., 1809 N 24th St., Phoenix Hinton, Clyde, Grandview School, Phoenix Huston, Irma, 215 S Sirnne, Mesa Johnson, B Lee, Madison School, Phoenix Johnson, Veora E , Washington School, Mesa Johnston, Lillian B , Box 275, San Luis Joslin, Louis F , Elementary School, Palo Verde Joy, O B Inspiration Addition School, Miami Kay, Georgia, 212 E Fust Ave , Mesa Keen, Julia C , Box 1653, Tucson Keller, Mrs Edith L , Bumble Bee Kessler, R V , Miles School. Tucson Kinsey, Lura, Box 54, Flagstaff Liem, H. A., Rt 8, Box 342, Phoenix Longan, W. L , Alma School, Mesa LyaLl, Bertha E., 715 W Portland, Phoenix Machan, W T., Supt Creighton Schools, 2802 E. McDowell, Phoenix Maxwell, Morgan, 920 N Tenth Ave , Tucson McFate, Roy, Box 296, Ash Fork McKemy, H M , 33 E Eighth St, Tempe Medcalf, Iva Rec, Kenilworth School, Phoemx ‘Medigovich, Helen S., Box 1632, Bisbee ‘Mercer, Arthur L , Liberty School, Buckeye Meyers, George L , Indian Boarding School, Kearns Canyon Murphy, Mrs. Alice D , 505 S Fourth Ave , Tucson Murray, Estelle, 161 E Mesquite St, Globe Naught, W. R., 742 13th St, Douglas Northen, Allen D., Dysart School, Peoria ‘Oswald, Edward H., Box 215, Williams Oswald, W. E , Elementary School, Peoria Ott, Ann, Stevenson School, Phoenix Porter, M D , Supt of Schools, Holbrook Prescott, A C., Jr., Monroe School, Phoenix Pyle, T. V , Supt of Schools, Buckeye Quinn, Lucy A , Rt. 4, Box 318, Phoenix Rhoton, Lorenzo D , Irving School, Mesa Richards, John F , Grammar School, Benson “tRiggs, Edwon L, Vice-Pres , Dept of Elem. School Pun , Natl Educ Assn., Creighton School, 2802 E. McDowell, Phoenix Risner, M. T , Lincoln School, Phoenix Srihrey, H. E , 163 W D Ave , Glendale Scudder, R L,, Elementary School 80, Chandler Simpson, Robert E , Alhambra School, Phoenix Sine, M. E , Unit No 2 School, Glendale ‘Sirrine, W R , Rt. 1, Box 62, Yuma Smith, Harold W , Box 777, Glendale Soule, Howard M., Lowell School, Phoenix Soule, Mrs. Margaret H , Box 336, Superior ‘Staples, Arden, Longview School, Phoenix Stokes, Thelma D., Tiger 256 ( Arizona ) Sullivan, Van L , Franklin School, Mesa Sullivan, W R , Murphy School, Phoenix .Sundquist, Ada M,, Whittier School, Phoenix Sutton, J B , Isaac School, Phoenix Tacquard, Mrs Anna, 2548 E, Seventh St , Tucson Tate, Martin C., Elementary School, Safford Taylor, Abbie Lee, Lincoln School, Prescott Thomas, John Q., Box 270, Flagstaff Tidwell, A L , Elementary School, Litchfield Tope, Donald E , 331 N. First Ave , Phoenix Tuttle, Caroline, Rt 3, Box 45B, Phoenix Undcrdown, E. W., Cashion School, Cashion Vaughn, Loren, Jr, 542 W. Vernon Ave., Phoenix Van Buskirk, Kate, 807 E. Speedway, Tucson •Waggoner, C. I., Kyrene School, Tempe Wallace, W D , Parker Wedge, Walter B., Laveen School. Laveen Wemacker, Mrs. Fra, Director or Instruction, 331 N First Ave , Phoenix Weir, Mrs. Russell R , Box 21, Springerville Weitzel, Thomas R , Box 186, Flagstaff Wheeler, Winnie E , 1990 N Park Ave , Tucson Windes, J Harold, Pendergast School, Tolleson Woolum, Howard, Ira D. Payne Training School, Tempe Wright, John, Box 5, Wickenburg Barton, Lillian, 415 E Nettleton Ave , Jones¬ boro Beard, C, E , Trusty School, Ft Smith Bird, Carl L . Supt, of Schools, Wilson Boyd, Fred, Box 97, Leachville Byrd, Portia, Retta Brown School. El Dorado Cierley, Morris B., DuVal School, Ft. Smith Conrad, C C , 2109 W, 17th St , Little Rock Conte, Mrs Lclia M., 290 Woodlawn Ave , Hot Springs Cunningham, Myron A.. State Dept of Educa¬ tion, Little Rock Davidson, Irma, 813 N. Palm St , Little Rock Davis, Mrs D. M , Academy Lane, Magnolia DeLoach, Mrs. W. F , 211 W Chestnut, Marianna Discher, Margaret, 616 Linden St , Pine Bluff Edwards, Mrs. Cicmma, High School, Lcech- ville Ellis, Nola, Hugh Goodwin School, El Dorado Frazier, Katharine, Sam Tailor School, Pine Bluff Futrall, Alma, Co, Supvr of Schools, Marianna Hames, Beulah, E Walnut St Paris Haraway, Fannie Jefferson School, Helena Hays. Wtlham F , 2001 W. 17th St , Little Rock Hendrix, Mrs L., Wilson School, Little Rock Hodges, Clifton L , Central School, Texarkana Holeman, J S , Supt. of Schools, Star City ••Isgng, Mrs Hazel H', 1504 Scott St , Little Rock Jeffress, J. M., Box 64, University Sta , Fayette¬ ville Kelly, Mrs Erma P , 1910 E. Sixth St., Little Rock Lawson, Miss Willie A , Democrat Prt and Litho. Co , Little Rock Lee, Thomas L , Peabody School, Ft Smith Lipe. Mrs L. L , Eudora Mackey, Mrs. Johnnie Mae, Rt 1, Hot Springs Mauldin, Mrs, Edah, Yocum School, El Dor¬ ado May, Marguerite, 403 Heynecker Ave., De- Queen McCracken, Mrs R. W , Blevins Middleton, Opal, 312 Beech St, Little Rock Owens, Mrs, J. W., 710 W, 12th St.. Pme Blue ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Peterson, Mrs. Elizabeth, Eudora Petree, Mrs. Vesta T,, 1603 W. 21st St Little Rock Reeves, Jessie, Fair Park School, Little Rock Scott, Mrs J. E., 717. S Fifth St,, Paragould Shaw, Mrs. Laura Russ, Park Hill School North Little Rock Spears, Mrs. Anna M , 618 Liberty St, El Dorado Swan, Charles R , 312V 2 S West Ave , El Dorado Turner, Winnie Virgil, 1012 W. Ash St Bbtheville Walker, Mrs. J. D , 215 W Matthews, Jones, boro Wootton, Lute R , Belle Point School, Ft.,Smith Wright, Roy, Co. School Supvr,, Mount’lda Ziegler, H. T , Woodruff School, Little Rock CALIFORNIA Abbott, Pansy Jewett, Co. Supt of Schools, Court House, Redwood City Adams, Mrs, Ida James, 10506 Hillhaven, Tu- junga Adams, Dr Robert G , 745 Cleveland, Oak land 6 Addicott, Dr Irwin O , 2348 Mariposa St, Fresno Alexander, Roxic E., Dir. of Elem Educ , 650 Virginia St , Vallejo Alkire, E Russell, 4081 Fourth St., San Diego 3 Allison, Loretta, R D 4, Box 22, Watsonville Allred, Ralph, 1530 Home, Fresno Altheuser, William H , Pincwood Avenue School, Tujunga , Anderson, Adda Willard School, Long Beach i Anderson, Donald G , 4003 Ardley Ave , Oak¬ land Anderson, Fred H , Eugene Field School, Long Beach Angelo, Ruth V., 925 Gayley Ave , Los An¬ geles 24 Annear, Mrs Margaret L , Co. Supt of Schools, [ Box 1038, Modesto Appleby, Felix J , Blythe ’ Armstrong, Mrs Alice B H , 1300 Brockton f Ave., Los Angeles 25 Arthur, Carmel, Marshall School, Sacramento Ashbaugh, Mrs Ruth R, 1020 S Soto St, , Los Angeles 23 . Avery, Mrs Mae Morrissey, Central Avenue School, Los Angeles t Axtell, Clarence L , 1025 Fremont Ave , South Pasadena Badour, Mrs Eleanor B., 1751 N Verdugo . Rd., Glendale 8 Bailey, Russell, 225 N 16 th St , Montebello Bailie, Mrs Lorraine M , 2624 N Common¬ wealth Ave , Los Angeles 1 Baker, Dr Alfred E., 6149 Hill Rd , Oakland 11 tBaker, Ethel I , 1517 40th St , Sacramento 16 • Baker, Mrs. Frankie, 176 E St , Brawley Ball, Ernest, Lincoln School, Fresno Ballard, Lowell C , 4533 Highland Ave , San Diego 5 e Baltzer, Mrs. Clannda, 6 Batchelor Ter , Peta¬ luma a Bardenstein, Matilda A , Ninth Street School, Los Angeles Barnes. Mrs. Agnes C , 2015 E. Glenoaks Blvd., Glendale 6 s Bartlett, Beulah D , Box 723, Shafter Bandy, Mrs. Marguerite L., 803 Palm Ave., Fresno Banta, Mrs. Edythe R., I860 Trestle Glen Rd , Oakland , Batdorf, Lucille, 3239 Kempton Ave , Oak- land 11 , _ „ e Bateman, L. W , Jr , 3537 Andrews St , San Diego LIST OF MEMBERS Bates, Mrs Viola^ 453 Carlston St., Richmond Baxter, Dr. Bernice, 1025 Second Ave., Oak¬ land 6 fBeaCh, Allen W , Rt. 1, Box 133, Visalia Beach, Mrs. Rachel Ann, 2850 Leeward Ave., Los Angeles 5 Beal, Mrs. Vio Ross, 2535 Cedar, Long Beach Beardsley, Albert R , Washington School, Bell¬ flower ' Beatty, Paul E , Hoover School, Garden Grove . Beckman, Aneta T„ 493 Alvarado St, San Francisco 14 Behymer, Frances, 118th Street School, Los Angeles Benefiel, Robert C , 2316 W. 73rd Ave , Los Angeles 43 Benner, W. A , 9860 Sunnyside St., Oakland tBerry, Bertha Irene, 3923 Vista Ct, La Cres- centa Bess, Mrs. Helen, 365 San Antonio Ave , San Diego 6 Betzer, Mrs. Clotilde O., 2256 Pacheco St., Concord Biden, Mrs. Margaret G., 639Vi N. New Hampshire, Los Angeles 4 Billings, Margaret, 304A W Belleview, Porter¬ ville Birch, J E., Rt. 1, Box 203, Willows Bishop, Ethelyn, 612 N New Hampshire, Los Angeles 4 Bishop, Frank E., Dist. Supt, of Schools, Corona Bishop, Henry F., Dist Supt. of Schools, Coalinga Blanton, Ruth W , 1818 Silverwood Ter, Los Angeles 26 Blethcrf, Howard A., 1132 84th Ave , Oak¬ land 3 Blome, H. P., 124 S. Holliston Ave., Pasa¬ dena Blomquist, C. Leonard, Dent Union School, Escalon Blumner. Mrs. Annette F., Gorman Avenue School, Los Angeles 2 fBoard, Mrs. Lorraine M., 1555 Bel Aire Dr., Gleqdale 1 Bode, Fred R , 1448 Essex St., San Diego 3 Boehncke, Frieda C., 3437 Lamberth St, Los Angeles 27 Bone, F, Ewing, Rt. 1, Box 7, Lindsay fBonner, J. MacDonald, 19 Sixth St., Her- mosa Beach Bonsall. Mrs 'Marcia V., 2742 Wynglen Lane, Los Angeles 23 Borden, Hilma R., 1817 E. Tenth St., Long Beach 4 Bomeman, Mrs. Katherine H., 8069 Castro Val¬ ley Blvd , Hayward jBovee, Earl E , 115 E. Tenth, National City TBowen, Wayne F„ 403 S Tamarind, Compton Bowman, Robert C, 3240 Peralta St., Oak¬ land Boyer, Mrs. Maurine C , 317 S. Granada Ave., El‘Monte Bradford, Mts. Inez M , 220 Witmer St„ Los Angeles 34 Brady, Mary Arline, 841 Hampshire St, San Francisco 10 Brady, Shirley J , 8845 W. Adams Blvd., Los Angeles 34 Bragg, Mary Elizabeth, 1529 Gail Ave, Ar- tesia _ / Bragg, Vina B., 4122 Vermont Ave., Long Beach Brailsford, Albert, 3112 Haddington Dr., Los Angeles 34 Breen, Ellen R., 6905 Kramer St., San Diego 10 Brinn, Mrs. Vera L., 1476 E, California Ave , Glendale Britto, Ethel. 425 Eastern Ave., Taft Brockett, Lillian H., 2408' Second Ave., San Diego 1 (California) 257 Broholm, Stella M., York School, Hawthorne Brooks, Lloyd L , Rt. 2, Box 280-F, Stockton Brown, Vassie W„ lllll Grape St„ Los An¬ geles 2 ■fBrubaker, David E , 1X562 Richland Ave , Los Angeles 34 Budkalew, Harry L , 1019 N Van Ness Ave,, Fresno Bullard, Lyrel D., Dist. Supt. of Schools, Placerville Burand, Elsie, Elizabeth Street School, Bell Burchfield, James M , 425 Webster St, Colusa Burckhalter, Mrs. Lucille, 1112 W. F St., Wilmington Burelson, Mrs. Boletta A., 2036 Balmer Dr, Los Angeles 26 Burke, Mrs. Bessie B.. 1351 W. 37th St., Los Angeles 7 Burkhard, George J., 1321 Bay View PL, Berkeley Burrell Charlotte, 1820 Whitley Ave, Holly¬ wood 28 Burton, Mrs. Katherine D„ Cheremoya School, 6017 Franklin Ave , Los Angeles 28 Butcher, Pauline E„ Box 605, South Gate Butzine, Fred C , 3045 Felton St., San Diego 4 Cain, Ruth, 751 Glenwood Rd», Glendale Calder, Jessie F , 6056 Majestic Ave., Oakland Calvert, Everett T., 1401 Valencia, Pasadena Capri, Roger, 3300 Partridge Ave., Oakland 5 Carmichael, Bessie M., 227 Lee Ave , San Francisco 12 Carpenter, Mrs. Beth Benning, 172 S Formosa, Los Angeles 36 Carpenter, Charles F„ 1645 Farris St , Fresno Carroll, Hazel T„ 4947 W. Melrose Hill, Los Angeles 27 Carver, Mary H., 3755 Seventh Ave , San Diego 3 Chappell, Bert G., 1615 22nd St., Sacramento Chase, Ethel E., 1470 E Wilson St , Glendale Chatterly, Lois M , 818 Santa Barbara Pl„ San Diego 9 Cherry, Davyd, 3511 Voltaire St„ San Diego 5 Chizlett, Beatrice, 37 14th St. Vallejo Christiansen, Winfield, 175 Yosemite, Fresno Clark, Mrs, Mamie S , Oxnard Street School, North' HollyVood Clarke, Edwin H., 635 E. Eighth St., National ’ City Clayton, Arthur, Budlong School, Los Angeles 44 Cieland, Donald M., 15434 Dickens St , Van Nuys 1 Clemens, K. F., 1200 Seventh St., Wasco Clifford. Charles A, 5523 Secrest Dr, Los Angeles Clinkenbeard, William H., Box 234. Palm City Clowes, Richard M., 14523 McKinley Ave , Compton tCobb, DeRoy F., 2089 Rose Villa St, Pasa¬ dena Cochran, Edith, 1453 26th Ave , San Fran¬ cisco 22 Cockrum, Edward F., 3953 Hanly Rd , Oak- land 2 •fColeman, Mrs. Ida Fulton, 10334 Tennessee Ave , Los Angeles 2 5 Collis, Alma A , 3 446 Richmond Blvd , Oak¬ land 11 Colmar, Mrs Mildred E., Bryant School, San Francisco 10 . Condit, Eleanor Daly, 1250 Amherst, Clare¬ mont Conlon, Anna C„ 2268 Jackson St., San Fran¬ cisco Connolly, William, Redwood Heights School, Oakland 2 Conwell, Delsy Dyche, Marvin Avenue School, Los Angeles Cook, Isabel M„ Box 215, San Anselmo Cook, Louis A., Jr., 4400 Sunfield Ave., Long Beach 8 ELEMENTARY .SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 258 ( California ) Cordrey, Frank Beck, Branciforte School, Santa Cruz fCorrell, Vincent I , 1838 McKenzie St , Long Beach 5 , „ Cornwell, L May, 217 N Kenwood St., Glen¬ dale 6 _ _ Cotter, M Elsie, 395 Breed Ave , San Le¬ andro 1 Cotter, Mrs. Myrtle A , 2287 14th Ave., San Francisco Cox, Arthur W., Jane Addams School, Long Beach 5 , _ ,. . , Craft, Helen S., 1724 15th Ave., Oakland 6 Craft, Orra Hendrick, 2129 S Alsace Ave , Los Angeles Cramer, Margaret B., 925 W. 73rd St, Los Angeles fCrawford, Lawrence T , Chico State College, Chico , , Creedon, Mrs Elma M , 732 York St., Val¬ lejo Croak, Margaret M , 20(55 Vicente St , San Francisco 16 Crockett, Emilie, 311 Twin Oaks Ave., Chula Vista Crose, Leah, 1411 Monterey Rd , South Pasa¬ dena Cross, Irvin N , 1520 Van Buren Ave , San Diego 3 Crowley, Elsie E , Carrie Barnett School, Vis¬ alia Cunninghame, Maxwell A., Dunbar Union School, Valley of the Moon, Glen Ellen <5r Kenwood Curley, Laura, 3(50 Perkins St , Oakland 10 Dana, Charles H , 542 S Seventh St , San Jose Danielson, Eva, 2859 W Seventh St , Los Angeles 5 Dannemann, Matie, 437 E. Maple Ave , Orange Da Prato, Perseo, 411 Magnolia Ave , South San Francisco Dastarac, Frances Marie, 659 W 18th St., Sao Pedro Daustin, Mrs Helen A S , 255 Terracina, Red¬ lands Davey, Edna M , Grant School, Richmond David, Dorothy Ella, Steffan Manor School, Valiejo JDavidson, Mrs Rena McCoy, 305 S. Oak Knoll Ave , Pasadena 5 Davin, Mrs Bernice, 3230 McCandless St , San Diego 2 Davis, Barney J., Lakeport Union School, Lake- port ' Davis, Dr Burton E., 11115 S Figueroa St , Los Angeles 3 Davis, Elizabeth, 195 College, Coalinga Davis, Percy R, Supt of Schools,' Santa Monica Davis, Mcs. Vivian K , Lowell School, Long Beach Dawson, Nell, Box 312, Coalinga Dedenck, Mrs Nellie E , 11163 Aqua Vista, North Hollywood IDeFraga, Harold, Ambrose School, Pittsburg DeLappe, E Maxine, Box 454, San Rafael Delavan, Mabel, McCoppin School, San Fran¬ cisco 18 Deniay, Ravmond E , Box 710, Santa Paula Desmond, Mrs Lucile H , Washington School, Madera Des Roches, Pauline, 1323 Woolsey St,, San Francisco 24 Dickie, Helen, Stege School, Richmond tDobyns, Mrs. Evalyn, 21250 Santa Fe, Long Beach 6 Dodson, Mrs Helen C., 14128 Valerio, Van Nuys Donnelly, Anna L , Garfield School, Long Beach 6 Dotson, Edna, Grant School, Long Beach 5 Douglass, Henry S.. 504 Harper Ave , Downey Dowling, Reginald J , 5222 Ygnacio Ave. Oakland 1 Dudley, Mrs. Marjorie E., 2030 N Flower Santa Ana Duff, Margaret W„ 2424 Willard Ave , Garvey Dugger, Ellis D , 1821 Oliver St , San Diego 9 Dumas, Dr. Enoch, College Elementary School, Chico Duncing, Ethel E„ 3077 20th Ave , San Fran¬ cisco 16 Dunlap, Marcia, 3S21 Olympiad Dr, Los Angeles 43 Durley, Bryon J., 3333 Altura Ave., La Cres- centa Dymenh Mrs. Dorey S., Sunnyside School, San Francisco 12 Dysart, Dora I , 5108 Harold Way, Los An¬ geles 27 Eifers, Johanne, 415 Harwood PL, Santa Ana Elledge, Mrs. Gladys R , 1836 Beverly Glen Blvd , Los Angeles 25 Ellis, Mabel R , 16 Laguna St , San Francisco Elwood, Roby T , 201 S Chapel St, Al¬ hambra Engdahl, Ruth V , 356 W. 68th St., Los An¬ geles 3 Engvall, Philip W , Washington School, Le- moore Engvall Willard R., Supt., 875 Angus Ave, San Bruno Enlow, Cora K , Roosevelt School, Vallejo Ensz, J. H , 200 Dollner, Visalia Erickson, Mrs. Hazel, Vista Unified School, Vista Evans, Mrs Zoa M., 691 45th Ave , San Francisco 21 Evenson, Edna M., 74th Street School, Los Angeles 44 Eyraud, Emilie M , Hayvenhurst School, Van Nuys Fagin, Mrs. Jean T , 1524 N Martel, Holly¬ wood Farnham, N H , Dist. Supt of Schools, Oil- dale Farnum, Martha F , 300 B Ave , Coronado Feazell, Ruby C , 3395 Tareco Dr , Los An¬ geles Fellows, Millie B , 14609 Burbank, Van Nuys Fischer, Robert J , Pioneer School, Artesia Fischer, Charles F., 2050 W Willow St., Stockton Flake, Mrs. Elizabeth M, 1227 Paseo Del Mar, San Pedro fFloyd, Mary L , 854 Harbor View PL, San Diego 6 fFlynn, Mary C., 2219Vi Venice Blvd., Los Angeles 6 Fox, Mrs Betty King, 2424 Sixth St,, La Verne Frame, Dana S., Bret Harte School, Sacra¬ mento Frazee, Mildred U , 2234 Camden Ave , Los Angeles 25 Freeman, Rudolph, 1781 Oxford Way, Stockton French, Helen. 4224 St. James PL, San Diego Fritz, Walter A., 3450 Percy St , Los Angeles 23 Fry, Wayne C., 3889 Pringle St, San Diego 3 Fugate, Ben F , Dist, Supt. of Schools, Yu¬ caipa Fuller, Elnora, 4534 Fulton St., San Francisco Galloway, Mrs Mae E , 2275 Ben Lomond Dr., Los Angeles 27 fGamble, Mrs. Leo May, 1112 S. Wilton PL, Los Angeles 6 Gannon, Joseph F., 633 Woodbury Rd , Glen¬ dale Gansberger, Dorothy, 102 Lewellmg Blvd , San Lorenzo Garland, Elizabeth, 153 Race St., Grass Valley Gartside, Claire L., 2133 Wellington Rd., Los Angeles 16 LIST OF MEMBERS [California) 259 Geddis, Terence £., 2890 Redwood St , San Diego 4 Geiger, George L., Jr , 3548 Orange Ave , Long Beach 7 George, Edna, 4830 Angeles Vista Blvd , Los Angeles 43 • - " 450 N Regent St., Stockton Union Elementary School, , 1501 Lincoln Way, San Tillie H , 338 Tennyson Germain, John S 49 Gibbs, Byron C Healdsburg Gilcrest, Myrtle E , 1574 22nd Ave , San Francisco **Gilson, Dan H , 4030 Sequoyah Rd., Oak¬ land 3 Gish, Mrs. A K Francisco fGlassbrook, Mrs Rd , Hayward Gleeten, Mrs. Lyylie P., <500 Hill Dr , San Gabriel Godard, Florence D , 1121 Rose Ave , Long Beach 4 Goldman, Edward D., 801 Fillmore St., San Francisco 17 Gonzalez, Lilia A , 1843 31st St, San Diego 2 Gooch, Roy, 806 Euclid Ave , Los Angeles 23 Goodrich, Mrs. Frances B., Fremont School, Salinas Gordon, Milton, 209 Ashbury Ave., El Cerrito Grace, Wilson A , Box 627, Bie Bear Lake Granger, Roy T., Tompkins School, Oakland Gray, Jean, 2232 Grove St , San Francisco 17 Green, Vivian D , Miraloma School, San Fran¬ cisco 16 Gnbble, Mrs Faye, Rt 6, Box 529, Bakers¬ field Griffin, Lily L., 4157 Fourth Ave., Los An¬ geles 43 Grimshaw, M Alice, 112 W Broadway, Ana¬ heim Gnnnell, Frances G., 4560 Mullen Ave , Los Angeles 43 Gnpenstraw, B W , Union School, Oakdale Grover, Charles C., Glenview School, Oak¬ land Guptill, Perl N , 8644 Mt. View Ave , South Gate Haas, Mrs Nell M., 2249 248th St , Lomita Hagenburger, Mrs. Marion A , 4501 Bernice Ave., Los Angeles Hald, Mane M , Solvang Hall, Lee Roy, 585 Michigan Blvd , Pasadena Haller, Rena C , 4937 Ben Ave , North Holly¬ wood Hamill, June, 1446 Dwight Dr , Glendale Hamlin, Mrs. Sarah, Box 31. Westwood Hamm, Max S., Cole School, Oakland Hammat, Hattie May, Heaton School, Fresno tHammond, Mrs. Gertrude Best, 7316 Crenshaw Blvd , Los Angeles fHanna, Dr Paul R., Prof, of Educ , Stan¬ ford University, Stanford University. Hansen, Gladys G , 2203Vi Budlong Ave , Los Angeles 7 Hansen, Hubert G., 535 E. Miner Ave., Stock- ton 37 Hanson, Edith J , 6315 Radford Ave , North Hollywood Happy, Viola, Magnolia Avenue School, South San Francisco Harding, Prudence L , 14655 Hamlin St., Van Nuys fHarding, Ruth Clarke, 2232 A St , Bakersfield Hardman, Bess, 2304 11th St , Los Angeles 16 Hardy, Clarence J , 5287 College View Ave., Los Angeles 41 Harmon, Raymond C., Jenson , t Cedar Ave., Calwa City Harms, Mrs. Irene B., 1112 S. Cabrillo, San Pedro Harnois, Duncan, Bret Harte School, Burbank Harris, Mrs. Alta, 81 Garcia Ave , San Fran, cisco Harris, Mrs. Muriel, Laguna Honda School San Francisco Hart, Mrs M Louise, 316 S. Roxbury Dr Beverly Hills Hartshorne, Edna, Normandie Avenue School Los Angeles Harvie, Mrs. Gertrude R , 2218 N St, Sacra mento 16 |Haw, Harry Huber, 1413 Golden Gate Dr San Diego 3 Hawks, Mrs Mary J S„ 2110 S. Hobart, Los Angeles 7 Haworth, J Raymond, 850 Adelaide Dr , Pasa den a 8 Hayes, Alice M , 556 Ellington Ave , San Fran cisco 25 Hayward, Mrs Lucy M , 124 Mira Mar Ave Long Beach 3 tHeacock, A B„ 709 E Windsor Rd , Glen dale tHeffernan, Dr Helen, State Dept of Educa tion, Sacramento fHelbach, Merle R , 1543 W. 83rd St, Los Angeles Helms, Walter T., 1108 Bissell Ave , Rich mond Henley, William C , Supt, 205 S Winchester, Campbell Herkner, Clarence G , 42 San Pedro Rd , San Rafael Herrington, Hugh, Laurel School, Oakland 2 Hicks, Eleanor, 4624 Sixth Ave., Los An geles 43 Higgins, Mrs Dorothy Jean, 9021 Fifth Ave Inglewood Hildebrand, Edna, 140 N. Spruce, Montebello Hill, Mrs. Beulah, 152 S Bexendo, Los An celcs 4 Hill, M Lillian, 903 Guerrero St , San Fran cisco 10 Hill, Mrs Margaret F , 170 Patterson Ave Santa Barbara Hill, Mrs Ruby Larson, 421 Western Dr Richmond Hillerby, Ruth C , Rockdale School, Los An geles 41 Hilliard, Erna, 10822 Ohio Ave , West Los Angeles 24 Hilton, Dr Eugene, 385 49th St, Oakland 9 Hippard, Mrs. Frances, Maple Avenue School, Orange Hobson, Mrs. Marjorie M , 112 E Elm Ave , Fullerton 2 Hockett, Dr. John A , Assoc Dir of Training, University of California, Los Angeles 24 Hodges, Roselle, 806 E Carson St., Long Beach 7 • Hoel, Mrs. Helen H , 212 Hockett St, Porter¬ ville IHoffman, Mrs Howardine G , 333 Anita Dr., Pasadena Holliday, Guy, 5384 Angeles Vista Blvd , Los Angeles 43 Hollinshead-Meyer, Laura, Crescent Heights School, Los Angeles tHollowell, Hazel, 5216 Longfellow St., Los Angeles Holsinger, Edith A , Rt 4 , Box 278, Anaheim Holt, Helen, 916 Union St , Alameda Hooker, Ora Whitley, 922 Crenshaw Blvd , Los Angeles 6 Hopkins, Clarence G, 5139 Argus Dr, Los Angeles Hopper, William R , 920 W. Main St, Visalia Howden, Mrs Aileen McC., Brookfield Village School, Oakland 3 Howe, Norris H , 445 S 47th St., San Diego 2 Howell, Etta H , Longfellow School, Long Beach 7 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 26 o ( California ) fHowk, Charles D , 344 Flower St., Pasa¬ dena 6 __ „ _ Huganey, Ida, 1160 Bird St, Oroville Hughes, Mrs. Mary E., 847 Campus Way. San Bernardino Hull, Arthur C., Box 600, Carmel tHummel. Leonard G., 339 W. Wilson St, Banning _ Hunt, Loie E., 351 Myrtle St, Glendale Huntoon, Mrs. Georgie K. M,, 901 S. Kings¬ ley Dr , Los Angeles 7 „ , „ Hurley, Mrs, Josephine E,, 231 E. 17th St , Artesia , Hutchinson, John L , 1128 Windsor PI., South Pasadena Hyde. Lafayette, 1215 Englewood, Fresno Hymer, Evangeline, 342 S. Mariposa, Los An¬ geles 5 Ingle, Earl B , 1783 Spruce St., Berkeley 4 Ireland, Frances. Burbank School, Long Beach 4 Ivey, Hennlu, 925 Gayley Ave., Los An¬ geles 24 Jacobsen, Glenn, 604 Ann Arbor Dr, Bakers¬ field Jacobus, Gerald L, Co. Supt. of Schools, Hanford Jack, Walter A, 240 San Mateo Dr., San Mateo Jamieson, Helen Fay, Redding School, San Francisco 9 Jellison, Hilda L., 16013 Ainsworth Ave., Gardena tjenkins, Mrs. Letha E., Grammar School, Ross Jensen, Mrs. Katherine, Cleveland School, San Francisco 12 Johnson, Charles Sale, 1640 College Ave., Fresno Johnson, Frank K , Dist. Supt, Guadalupe Johnson, Mrs. Genoveva G., 609 Johnson St., Santa Rosa J ohnson, George A , Carquinez School, Crockett ohnson, Henrietta, 5218 Harbord Dr., Oak¬ land 11 Johnson. Kenneth H„ 1447 Idlewood Rd. f Glendale Johnson, Ruth P , 4011 I4th St, Riverside Johnson, Mrs Vivian, 1414 Castro St., Mar¬ tinez Johnston, G. Elizabeth, 955 N. Vine St., Los Angeles 38 Johnston, Howard L,, 512 Hilton Ave,, Vallejo Jones, Beatrice A K , Rt. 1, Box 763, Mon¬ terey Jones, Cathryn M , 14342 Dickens St,, Sherman Oaks Jones, Marvin D., 2832 Lincoln Ave., Rich¬ mond Jordan, Christine M., Box 73, Roscoe Jordan, Elizabeth, Toluca Lake School, North Hollywood Jorgensen, Mrs Mabel' L , Kettleman City Joseph, Manuel T., 880 Ocean Ave., Monterey Judkins, Mrs. Frances, Box B, Pismo Beach Judson, Harold I , McKinley School, Long Beach 5 Kaler, James E , 3016 32nd St., Sacramento 17 Keeler, J. V , Box 57, Port Chicago Keetch, Rulon P,, Standard School, Oildale Kelly, Florence M, 707 Esplanade, Redondo Beach Kelly, Mrs. Irene E , 75 Buena Vista Ave , San Francisco 17 Kelly, Julia Mae, 707 Esplanade, Redondo Beach Kennedy, Mrs. Evelyn H., 1501 Haldon,'Bakers¬ field Kennedy, Mrs. Lona E. M , 314 E. Burke St., Rivera Kexber, Ruth G , Supt., Tehama Co , Red Bluff Kexshner, Mildred, 286 Third Ave., Chula Vista Kilton, Inez G , 625 Euclid Ave , Long Beach 4 tKimes, Williams F., Asst Supt, 799 F St,, San Bernardino Knight, Reginald R , F D. Roosevelt School Bellflower Knipe, Grace M., Herbert Hoover School, Santa Ana Knopf, Harry, 124 Orange Ave., Ripon Krantz, Mrs. Thelma, 610 Fourth Ave., Chula Vista Krebs, Mrs. Grace E., 1010 Floral Dr., Whittier Krous, Dr. George T., 1495 Englewood Ave., Fresno ■fKyes, Mrs, Marguerite D., 6211 Beard St., Los Angeles 42 fKyte, Dr. George C., Haviland Hall, Univer¬ sity of California, Berkeley Lacy, Helen J., 4314 Piedmont Ave , Oakland 11 Laird, J. David, Supt. of Schools, Tulare City Lamb, Thurman O.. 1439 Acheson St., San Diego 10 Lancaster, Alice, 336 Seventh St., Richmond Landes, Loyd M., Theodore Roosevelt School, Long Beach 6 Lanyon, Mrs. Frances, 408 Almaden Ave., San Jose 14 Laue. Mrs Josephine Maxon, Toland Way School, Los Angeles 41 Laufeld, Lucia E., Rt 3, Box 327, Anaheim fLearned, Roy E., Box 274, Elk Grove Lee, Mrs. C. Laverne, 6752 Sylmar Ave., Van Nuys Lee, Mrs Iva R , 477 N. Shaffer St., Orange Lefever, Mrs. Ruth B., 2909 Hope St, Hunt¬ ington Park Libbey, Frances Yale, 1212 W. Walnut St, Stockton 12 _ , , Lindley, Helen, 434 Orizaba St, Long Beach 4 Lindsay, Mrs Aimee, 2120 23rd St., Sacra¬ mento . .. .. Lindsay, Elizabeth, 4622 Welch PI, Holly¬ wood Lindsay, Isabel F, 1421 Freeman St., Santa Link, Clarence W. B , 96 2 Rome Dr., Los Angeles 31 . , Linn, Ronald, 2029 Whelan Ave., Leandro Linsley, George H , Box 25, Esparto Long, Julia F., Granada School, Alhambra Long, Mrs. Rose,Carr, 1210 Glen Arbor Ave, Los Angeles 41 „ _ ,, . „ Long, Mrs. Vivian L , 2302 Ivy Dr , Oakland 2 Lord, Helen M , 2820 E First St, Los Ange es Lothrop, Mary, 4270 Leimert Blvd , Los Angeles 43 Lounsbery, Sophia M., 2713 McConnell Dr., Los Angeles 34 . . , Lowe, Russell A., Box 48B, McCloud Lowry, Agnes W., 5757 Franklin Ave , Holly¬ wood _ , , . fLumbard, Mrs. Katie A H, Box 816 Auburn Lydell, Dwight M, Supt. of Schools, Mon¬ rovia „ _ ,. Lynd, Albert W, 820 Argonaut St., Stockton tLyon, Harley W., 95 N. Sierra Bonita Ave., Lyons, Mrs. Lucile C., 1444 Irving Ave, Glendale 1 Tr . Madigan, Eleanor, 51 Daniels, Vallejo Madsen, Donald H., 6920 Krause Ave., Oak- Maguire, S Edna, 268 E. Blithedale, Mill Valley , Maher, Mary, Leland School, San Pedro Manlove, Marae, Starr King School, Long Beach 5 ■fMann, John C , Box 160, Gonzales ■fMarbut, John W., 3429 California, Long Beach , _ , Marchant, Maud, 400 Montclair Ave, Oak- land 6 .... Marcotte, Pauline, 10315 E St., Oakland 3 LIST OF MEMBERS Martin, George B , Columbus School, Berkeley Martin, Mrs Gertrude, 1518 S Wilton PI , Los Angeles 6 Martin, Mary T , Rt 4, Box 518, Hanford Martinelli, Louis C , Central School, Chico Martins, Victor L , 4112 S Normandie St , Hollywood Maslin, Helen B , 1044 Park Hills Rd , Berkeley Mason, Bessie H , 1005 W. Sixth St , Los Angeles Mattel, Marguarita, 15 Sherman St , Santa Cruz McAdam, Mrs Edith, 401 Buena Vista St., Taft McCarthy, Aileen, 745 39th Ave , San Fran¬ cisco McCleish, Nellie, 3722 Elmwood Ct , Riverside McClellan, Harold, 2200 Loch Lomond, Whit¬ tier McClenahan, R S , Elementary School, Hugh- son McCormick, Ray C., 2407 68th Ave , Oakland 5 McDowall, Mary W , Kaweah McGinnis, J. Clark, Rt. 4, Box 276, Bakersfield McGivney, Genevieve, 1677 Dolores St , San Francisco McGraw, Mrs Margaret A, F , 5137 Angeles Vista Blvd , Los Angeles 43 McGuire, Bess, 1241 Sonoma Dr , Altadena McIntosh, Martha, 3222 Quimby St , San Diego 6 McIntyre, Mary Jane, 2945 33rd St , San Diego McKay, Henry W , 604 S Tamarind, Compton MdLean, Bruce, 3584 Herman Ave , San Diego 4 McMahon, Mrs Minnie M , 1359 Casa Vista Dr , Pomona McMaster, James Floyd, 12060 Pierce St , San Fernando McMurdo, Lavinia, 75 Buena Vista Ave., San Francisco 17 McMurray, Vera Elena, 2111 Menlo St , Los Angeles McNutt, Marie, Asst Prin , Barton School, Long Beach McQuilkin, H , 2929 26 th Ave , San Fran¬ cisco 16 Meints, Viola, 24 Peyton St , Santa Cruz Melendy, Lila, Hollister Menme, Elizabeth E., 230 Vasquez Ave , San Francisco Mernman, Dorothy, 46 S. Third St , Campbell Mette, Wilda C,, Russell School, Hayward Metz, Mrs R Elizabeth T , 42161/2 W Adams Blvd., Los Angeles 16 Michael, Mrs. Ruby Riser, 2414 W. 60th St , Inglewood Michaelis, Harriet, Lomita School, Lomita Michaelis, John U , Haviland Hall, University of California, Berkeley fMichel, Gladys R , Candlestick Cove School, San Francisco 24 Miller, Mrs. Vera S , Allesandro School, Los Angeles Milner, Pearl, 927 S Eastman St , Los Angeles 23 Miner, Robert, Lafayette School, Fresno Mixsell, Frank H., 1844 Bel Aire Dr , Glen¬ dale Mock, Thomas M , Horace Mann School, Bev¬ erly Hills Moffett, Paul F , 2033 Poplar Ave , Fresno Molmo, Henry S., 2617 San Marcos Ave , San Diego 2 Moloney, Edith H , 232 N Alracnt Dr., Bev¬ erly Hills Moody, Edith, Peres School, Richmond Moore, Mrs Clara, 374 Byxbee St , San Fran¬ cisco 12 Moore, Helen F , 1253 University, San Diego 3 Moore, Trammell W , Box 278, Atascadero ( California ) 261 Moore, Wendall, 250 Clifton St, Oakland 18 Morgan, R J , 6507 Allston St, Los An¬ geles 22 Morris, Mrs Rae Lee, 1560 E Washington St. Pasadena Morrison, Daisy P , 4830 Angeles Vista Blvd , Los Angeles 45 Morrison, Mrs Elsie, 1385 Greenwich St, San Francisco Morrison, Mrs Isabelle W , Ramona School, Hollywood Mosser, Sidney J , 1603 S Marguerita St Al¬ hambra fMount, Mrs Florence D , 3113 Sparr Blvd , Glendale 8 Moyes, Mrs. Rhea, Warren Lane School, Ingle¬ wood Mulcahy, Alice G , 127 S I St., Tulare Mullen, Mary, 2026 S Fremont, Alhambra Mungen, Grace, Bellevue Avenue School, Los Angeles Murphy, Mrs Jeannie Dean, I 960 W. 79 th St, Los Angeles 44 Murphy, Mrs Ursula, Sunshine Health School, San Francisco Murray, Dorothy, Washington School, Visalia |Myers, Newell D , Box 876, Palos Verdes Estates Myers, Ruth B , Broadway School, Venice Neideffer, Raymond T, Asst, Supt, 1600 K St , Bakersfield Nelson, Mrs Ada S , Dist Supt, of Schools, Los Nietos Newcomer, John F , Warner Springs Newman, Mrs Ethel B , 333 N Wilton PI , Los Angeles 4 Newsom, Alfred D , 4343 La Crescenta Ave , La Crescenta Nichols, Roy T., 1014 Everett St , Oakland 2 Niegosch, Dr. Helena, Rosemont School, Los Angeles 26 Nordstrom, Howard, 831 Vassar, Fresno Nordstrom, Jessie S , 1842 W 43rd PI , Los Angeles Norton. Ruth Baker, 4155 S Arlington Ave , Los Angeles Norton, Winifred, 836 Sixth Ave , Oakland fO’Bnen, Eugenia Helena, 1838 Silverwood Ter , Los Angeles 26 O’Brien, Mary B., 120 N Martel, Los An¬ geles 36 O'Connell, Mary C, 1204 Dolores St., San Francisco 10 O’Hailoran, Gertrude, 2443 30th Ave., San Francisco 16 O’Hara, Olympia, Sutro School, San Fran¬ cisco 18 Olivier, Lillian M., 8062 Culowee St , La Mesa Olson, Oscar H, 736 Harvard Ave., Menlo Park Ord, Avis, 701 Nahant Ct., San Diego tOrth, Fred W , 2031 Arlington Ave , Los Angeles 16 O’Shaughnessy, Marcella M., Laguna Honda School, San Francisco 22 Ott, Eva M., 5328 Brann St., Oakland 2 Overholt, Mrs. Rosalind M. Gates, 246 S Lor¬ raine Blvd , Los Angeles Owen, Cyril R., 2737 Buena Vista Ave , Stock- ton 51B Owen, William E, 1166 W. Harding Way, Stockton Palmer, John H , Box 1069, Marysville Parrish, Alvin L , Dewey School, Oakland 1 Patterson, J. Randal, Kelseyville Patterson. Mrs Ruth, 1511 Micheltorena, Los Angeles 26 Paul, Ruth Green, 1840 Rio Hondo Ave , Rose¬ mead Peck. Elsa, Alexandria Avenue School, Los An¬ geles ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 262 ( California ) Peddle, Mrs, Gertrude W, 8720 S. Harvard Blvd , Los Angeles 44 Peirce, M. June, 1035 Roswell Ave., Long Beach Peters, Mary M , Grove School, Ontario Peterson, Audrey B., 1835 Meade, San Diego 3 Peterson, Mrs Marian, 4551 Steele St., Oak¬ land 2 3706 Degnan Blvd , Los Lakeview School, Oak- •fPhillips, Harry W , Angeles 16 Phillips, Stuart S , land 10 Pielmeier, Mrs Hertha, 512 N Lucerne Blvd., Los Angeles 4 Pierce, Mrs J. Maria, Arroyo Seco School, Pasadena 2 Pippert, Mrs Maud, 215 S. Commonwealth Ave., Los Angeles Pisor, Carl E., Box 522, Fowler Plagemann, Dora E., 2121 Sacramento St, San Francisco 9 Pollich, Raymond E , Asst Supt , 451 N Hill St, Los Angeles 12 Pollock, Elmer N., Box 641, Artesia Potter, Gladys, 715 Locust St , Long Beach 2 Potter, Mrs Ruth, 1524 N Sycamore St, Santa Ana Potts, Gertrude, 637 N Ross, Santa Ana Poulsen, Esther R, 335 San Ysidro, Santa Barbara Powers, Mrs. Pearl, 277 Second St, Coalinga fPreston, C W., 133 N. Alexandria Ave , Los Angeles 4 f Priest, George A , 58 Thompson St , Hol¬ lister Pullis, Mrs. Jessica K , 1132 S Fremont Ave , South Pasadena Pursell, Arthur L„ 738 E King St , Tulare Putnam, Mary A. P , 440 23rd St , Santa Monica Quiette, Mrs Beulah K , 4525 Castle Rd , La Crescenta Quinn, Ruth Watson, 5615 S. Normandie, Los Angeles 37 Ransom, Mae, 1705 S. Sixth St , Alhambra Raney, Mrs. Jane Burns, 29 Fifth St,, Pet¬ aluma Reams, Mrs Lois P., 820 Glenmont Ave., Los Angeles 24 Reavis, Glenn D , Box 87, Clovis Rector, Dr. William G., 3730 Lincoln Ave , Oakland Redwine, Mrs Hazel T , 420 Sixth St , Marys¬ ville Reese, Mrs Erma B , Rt. 1, Box 91, Acampo Reeves, Mrs Mabel, Winton Rehwoldt, Walter, 6234 Allston, Los Angeles 22 Reid, Mrs Estelle S., Harding School, El Centro Reimann, Charlotte Mae, 7101 Benson St , Huntington Park Reinke, Gertrude H , 2006 Fletcher Ave , South Pasadena Renke, Daniel R, Alice Birney School, San Diego Retzloff Phyllis, 646 Eureka, Redlands Reynolds, Mrs Christine Marsh, 408 S. New Hampshire, Los Angeles 5 Richards, Marcella L„ 1024 Salisbury Rd , La Canada Richardson, Dade, 6552 Fairfield, Los An¬ geles 22 Richest, Paul, Box 441-A, Rt 2, Porterville fRiese, Ella L , 2802 Walnut St , Huntington Park Riggins, Mrs Mildred E. M„ 1607 S. Fairfax Aye , Los Angeles Riggins, Mrs Vera B , Box 16, Chowchilla Rippey, Dr. Andrew D., Fresno State College, Fresno Ritchie, Mrs Diego 2 Eva L , 2520 33rd St, San Ritchie, Mrs. Georgina D , 6246 Eishburn Ave. Bell Rivera, Rudolph, 235 23rd St , Merced Roberts,_ Bertha E, 2151 California St, San Francisco Robertson, Gus C , Box F, Irving'ton Robinson, Joseph C., Pacific Beach School, San Diego 9 Robison, Mrs. Fae, Cerritos School, Glen¬ dale 4 Robison, George H,, Horace Mann Junior High School, San Diego Rokovich, Mary Ann, Box 401, Grant Rd , San Mateo Rolo, Orlo M , Box J-l Avalon Romwall, Oden, Union School, Byron Root, Dan O., Crystal School, Suisun City Rose, Jennie, 1427 S. Mansfield Ave, Los Angeles fRoss, Mrs Edith Holmes, 4435 W. 62nd St, Los Angeles 43 Ross, Maurice B , 3040 UdaL St, San Diego 6 Ross, Mrs. Natalie L , 820 Walker, San Pedro Roth, Mrs Ethel F , 2950 Van Ness Ave , San Francisco Rudholm, Melvin P , Box 303, Pixley Rushforth, Robert N, Cragmont School, Berkeley JRusling, Mrs Cora S , 1210 N Hill Ave , Pasadena 7 Russell, James, Columbia School, Fresno Ruth, Clarence, Union School, Lompoc Ryan, E Lunney, 159 Lake St , Oakland 12 Ryan, Jane, 1600 Clement St , San Francisco Ryan, Mrs Leanta S., 242 E Center St., Co¬ vina Salcido, Elsie, 527 W Highland, Tracy Salvin, Mrs Sophia Ticlmor, 6835 Pacific View Dr , Los Angeles 28 tSanders, Ralph G,, Box 111, Guasti Sater, Mrs. Lela, 508 Eighth St , Antioch Saylor, Ma^aret F , 3611 San Marino St , Los Schaefer, C M , Spring Valley School, San Francisco 9 Scharf, Mrs Eva P., 2204 Prospect, Venice Schieber, Frank, Hopland Schmidt, Mrs. Blanche L , Vice-Pres , Dept of Elem, School Pnn , Natl. Educ. Assn., Box 426, Dos Palos Schramm, Bess G, 260 Ximeno Ave, Long Beach 3 , _ ,, Henrietta M, Box 462, Al- Sherldan Street 842 Maple Ave , Bell- Schultz, Mrs hambra Schwab, Mrs Jeannette S School, Los Angeles 33 Scott, Myrtle Jane, flower Sea, Mrs. Marcella R , 832 W. Walnut St, Monrovia „ Segbarth, Stella L , 3652 Huntington Dr., San Gabriel , Seidel, Vaughn D., Co Supt of Schools, New Court House, Oakland Severns, Joe D , Mission School, Redlands Shackelford, Claude L., 4528 El Camino Corto, La Canada Shaffer, H. E., 461 Estudilla, San Leandro Shanahan, Mrs Norma, Weaverville Sheaff, Joseph L , 2050 E 14th, San Leandro Shingler, Mrs. Muriel, Grove Avenue School, Clearwater Shrmer, William C , Garfield School, Oak¬ land 6 Siegler, Alfred C,, 124 Sims, Vallejo Siewert, Walter R , Jefferson School, Pasa dena 4 Silk, Mrs Mollie O , 147 S Martel St , Los Angeles 36 Simpson Jack, Vice-Prm , Union Elementary School, Ukiah list of members ( California ) 263 Singletary, Mattie S , Fremont School, River- Sletten, Theresa C , '933 Lincoln Blvd , Santa Monica . , „ fSloane, Boyd Lincoln, 1421 Dominion Ave, Pasadena Smith, Agnes L , 313 Second St, Huntington Beach „ , Smith, Charlotte G , 217 Center Ave , El Monte Smith, F B , 2717 Seventh Ave., Sacramento 17 Smith, H Lawson, 27483 Western Rd , Hay- waid Smith, Irving W , Box 1332, Richmond Smith, Mrs Josephine P , 1913 W Heilman Ave , Alhambra Smith, Miss Leslie G , 5834 Patton St., Oak¬ land 11 Smith, Lucile, 1118 W. 4lst PI , Los Angeles Smith, Mollie A , 795 Sutter St , San Fran¬ cisco „ , Smith, Mrs Rose M., 527 S Oxford Ave , Los Angeles 5 _ , , Smith, Weir, Elementary School, Stratford Snow, Irene, 2005 Oak St , Napa Snyder, Peter H., 3844 Belmont Ave., San Diego 4 Sorrells, Mrs Hazel D , 1034 Leighton Ave , Los Angeles 37 Spooner, Fred K , <551 N Central Ave,, Stock- ton 21 Stahlem, Mrs Evelyn Mclnnes, 3328 Olive St, Huntington Park Starr, A G , 1963 Oakview Dr , Oakland 2 Stearns, Oletha, 1524 Martel Ave , Los An¬ geles 46 , Steele, Elizabeth, 1125 Appleton St, Long Beach fSteelhead, Bert F , 523 Clement Dr , Glendale Stephens, Maxine C , Box 1014, Qumcy fStevens, Mrs Kathleen H., 5266 Village Green, Los Angeles tStevenson, Gordon K., 4722 Bancroft St , San Diego 4 Stewart, Mrs. Emma P., 2271 Chestnut Dr , Long Beach 6 Stewart, Hugh B , Box 26, Areata Stewart, Margaret E , 301 N Marengo, Alham¬ bra Stockwell, Mrs Vesta, Box 912, Vallejo Stoebe, Wallace T., Central School, Cuca- Stone, Barbara Lindsay, Kenmore School, Bald¬ win Park Storey, Mrs. Edith, 727 Palm St, Fresno Stover, John E , Box 483, Terra Bella Strand, Bernard J , 812 E Laurel, Compton Sullivan, Charles L., Dist. Supt Elem Schools, Fairfield Sullivan, Elizabeth M , Box 16, Chula Vista Supple, Mary H., Grant School, San Fran- cisco 15 Suprenand, Mrs Alice, 215 N Santa Anita St, San Gabriel Sutherland, L. E , 524 Palisades St , Pasadena fSutton, Lulu H , Novato tSwan, Mrs lone D, 1967 Cheremoya, Los Angeles 28 tSwarthout, Capt. Walter E,, 226 Ordnance Base Depot, APO 331, c/a Postmaster, San Francisco tSylvester, Helen K, 1242 23rd St., San Diego 2 Tarbefl.eMrs. Della R., 10268 La Tuna Can¬ yon, Roscoe Teach, Charles Elden, High School Bldg , San Luis Obispo Tpssmer, Etta H., 401 Burrows St., San Fran¬ cisco 24 Teubner, Mrs. Vivien E , 10268 Cheviot Dr , Los Angeles 34 Thatcher, Mrs. Mollie H., Wilshire School, Fullerton fThomas, Carl D , 501 N. Santa Anita Ave., Arcadia Thomas, Mrs Irma, Bryant School, Long Beach 4 Thomas, Mildred L , 252 N Bennett, Box 658. Fontana Thompson, Mrs Rose V, 1616 Garth Ave., Los Angeles 35 Thornquist, Mrs. Marie H , 339 N. Harvard Blvd., Los Angeles Thyberg, Clifford S , Union School, Saugus Tierney. Mrs. Elizabeth D , 738 S. Mariposa, Los Angeles 5 Tillman, Florence, 1707 West St., Oakland 12 Tingley, Grace W., 5120 Earl Dr., La Canada Tinkham, Mrs. Myra, 1352 S. Dunsmuir, Los Angeles 35 Toy, Miss A. C , 1100 E. Green St., Pasa¬ dena 5 Tnlhngham, C C., Co. Supt. of Schools, 808'N. Spring St , Los Angeles 12 Tnttenbach, Mrs. Mary, 231 Dorantes Ave, San Francisco 16 Troeger, Dorothy E , 332V*. N. Sycamore Ave., Los Angeles 36 Tudbury, Mrs. Ethel W , 1891 San Juan Ave , Berkeley 7 Ulrich, Robert P., Burbank School, San Ber¬ nardino Upton, Anne Hale, 3088 N. Fair Oaks. Altadena Van Amburgh, Leila E., 2116 Naomi, Arcadia Van de Mark, Mrs. Della, 8000 Birch St., Oakland 3 Van Dyke, Mrs Edna S , 10J65 Blythe Ave., Los Angeles 34 fVans, Mrs. Oda Beardsley, 1051 Magnolia Ave., Gardena Vestal, Bernice, 327 E. Maple, Orange Voight, Mrs Nila T, 4235 Riverton Ave., North Hollywood tWacaser, Mrs. Helen D , 4962 Iowa Ave, Fresno Waddell, Mary C., 224 14th St., Manhattan Beach Waite, Nettie S., 712 Walnut St, Norwalk Waldo, Raymond B , 10543 Plainview Ave,, Tujunga Walker, A Roland, 1667 Loma Vista St , Pasa¬ dena 7 Wail, Erla, 108 Fifth St., Antioch Wallace, Irvina, 1196 Gulf Ave , Wilmington fWalter, Robert Bruce, 434 N Del Mar St„ San Gabriel Ward, Elbert W., 41? E Alameda St., Dow- Warren, Elizabeth S , 130V2 S. New Hamp¬ shire, Los Angeles 4 Wassum, Clara E., 2203 Downey St, Modesto Watkins, Mrs. Lillian M., 2030 E. Orange Grove Ave , Pasadena 7 Webster, Mrs. Barbara M., 716 Virginia Ter., Santa Paula Weiser, Anna E , Box 263, Bakersfield tWelday, Samuel O., 2117 Chapala St., Santa Barbara fWeller, Louise E., 3544 Texas St, San Diego 4 Wemken, Nellie Opal, 633 Heliotrope Dr, Los Angeles fWennerberg, Herbert, 2224 Glencamion Dr, Whittier Whedon, Mrs Marion, Los Feliz School, 1740 N. New Hampshire, Los Angeles ^ Whigam, Mrs. Helen Zak, 33 Crestlake Dr, San Francisco 16 White, Clara H., 2735 Union St, San Fran- White, Francis J., 333 Palm Ave., Woodlake Whitman, Kermit D., Mark Twain School, Long Beach 8 Wickens, Lewis A., 5801 Magnolia Ave., River¬ side 264 ( California ) Widemann, Grace V., Box 134. Gonzales Wierwille, Winifred, 602 Sixth St, San Ber¬ nardino Wilby, Frank A., Box 33, Mojava Willett, Mary E., Dover Street School, San Pablo Willey, Walter O., 10843 Rochester Ave., Los Angeles 24 Williams, Mrs. Ella S., 3490 Rowena Ave., Los Angeles Wilms, Robert J., 3391 Huntington Dr., N, Los Angeles Wilson, Amber M., 4130 Grandview, Culver City Wilson, Mrs. Eleanore, 255A Nieto Ave,, Long Beach 3 Wilson, Harlan L„, 3032 Curlew St, San Diego 1 Wilsoon, Mrs. Imogene P„ Rt. 1, Box 504, Chula Vista Wdson^ Ira C., Signal Hill School, Long Wilson, James Fred, 4573 Alice St„ San Diego Wilson, Mrs. Myrtle B„ 417 29th St., Oak¬ land 9 Wilson, Mrs. Rachel K, 5330 Ninth Ave,, Los Angeles 43 Winters, Mrs. Louise R. V , 143 N Coronado St., Los Angeles 26 Wolf, Ruth E., 1821 E. San Vincente St, Compton Wonders, Winifred M , 333 E. Esther St„ Long Beach 6 Wood, Maevis B., Danville Woodfin Miss Joseph W,, Maxwell Park School, Oakland 2 ' Woodmansee, Gertrude, San Fernando School, San Fernando Woodworth, Ira R , Lincoln School, Tulare fWooiley, Mrs Cora E , Box 693, Sta. H, Los Angeles 44 Wrenke, Helen, 3134 Huntington, Fresno Wright, Helen R„ 1118 McDonald Ave., Santa Rosa Wright. Thelma L,, 55 S. Parlcwood Blvd , Pasadena 8 Wright, Thomas, Dailey School, Fresno Yost, Mrs. Marcella; 237 Oakmont Ave„ N. Sacramento 15 tYoung, Sarah L , 2451 Seminary Ave , Oak- tZimmerman, F. B., 3300 Mountain Blvd., Oakland tZook, Carl S,, 4336 Jellett St , San Diego 10 Zurcher, Lucille J., 260 Orange St., San Ber¬ nardino COLORADO Adams, Doris, 61 S. Eighth Ave., Brighton Albenco, Lena. Bradford School, Pueblo Anderson, William H. Jr., 1479 S. Clayton St., Denver 10 Andrews, S. M., Supt. of Schools, Walsenburg Arnold, Leta, 2103 S. High St , Denver 10 Asfahl, W. D., 965 S. University, Denver 9 Bardwell, Carl E , 1867 S. Gilpin St , Denver 10 Baulesh Robert, Hinsdale School, Pueblo Bean, Mrs. Winifred Rose, 445 E. 13th Ave Denver 3 ’’ Beardsley, Inez, Airlie Apt. 17, Greelev Beattie G H„ Rt. 2, Box 35, Ft. Lupton Bennett. Aubrey T' 2223 Kearney, Oenver 7 Bergner, Merton, Hillcrest Manor, Grand June- tion Berryman, Eleanor, 906 Grand, Grand Junction Junction^ 3 ' Gunnison Ave , Grand Biddiek, Mildred, 1361 S. Emerson St., Denver Braun, Julia, Lincoln School, Pueblo tBrown, Ethel L„ Ivywild School. Colorado ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS' Bruns, Mrs. Maiy J., 2357 Dexter St, Denver 7 Burger, Orville B , Grade School, Ault B Brush LaUrenCe C * Central Platoon School, Bush, Norris. 1074 S Franklin St. Denver 9 ^town 1 ’ ^° hn Erlten beck School, Johns- Cofell, Agnes, Elementary School, Windsor Coleman, Mrs Geneva E Du. of Elem. Educ Junior High Schoo Bldg., Ft. Collins Couey, Edna, 624 Tillotson Ave Trinidad Cristiano, Victoria A Strack School, Pueblo C°>\lm^ eeta ’ La Porte Avenue School, Ft, Crozier, Ruth 402 S. Main St., Lamar Dalbey, Hazel R , 1411 12th Ave., Greeley ™ E " Aurora Elementary School 16th & Florence, 'Aurora ’ Davies, Bronwen, Santa Fe School, Trinidad Davis, Mrs Frances, 3516 St Paul St, Den¬ ver 5 Davis, Robert L, Steele School, Colorado Springs Demmon, Irvin, Washington School, Boulder Doull. Frances R , 1250 Logan St., Denver 3 Elliott, Marvin D., Bessemer School, Pueblo Ellis, Douglas B , 1200 Newport St., Denver ♦Fitzpatrick, Jessie K, 936 Mapleton Ave, Boulder Fransen, Forest J., 27 Vrain, Denver 3 Goldman, Edythe R., 6100 Montview Blvd, Denver 7 Gowans, Margaret, 220 E Laurel St, Ft Col¬ lins Hall Dorothy M , 703 Polk St„ Pueblo Harnbrick, F. L„ Colorado State College of Education, Greeley Hamilton, Dwight, Columbia School, Colorado Springs Harvey, Mrs. Robert, Elementary School, Idaho Springs Hayden, R G, Johnstown Hays, Mrs. Catherine D,, 1000 S Steele St, Denver ♦♦Hellstern, Edna, 323 Polk St. Pueblo Henry, Edith M , 700 Cherry, Denver 7 Herrington, Eugene H , Exec Com , Dept of Elem. School Prin , Natl, Educ. Assn., 1301 Forest St., Denver ♦Hightower, Mrs. Nellie, 746 D St., Salida Hoffman, Kathryn E , 1706 Athens St, Boulder Holmes, Ethel, 2610 S. Sherman St , Den¬ ver 10 Irish, Mrs. Jean, Washington School, Ft. Col¬ lins Jacobs, Clara M, Jordan Apt B-9, Pueblo Johnson, C. T , Fountain School, Pueblo Kearns, Mary B , Central School, Monte Vista Kucher, Mary C, 1439 Detroit St., Denver 6 Kirk, Paul L., Asst. Supt., Dist. 60, 119 Colo¬ rado Ave,, Pueblo ’ Kroenke, Richard G., Grade School, Littleton Larson, Ruth. 1104 N. 12th St , Grand Junc¬ tion fLind, Nellie V., Washington Park School, Denver 10 Lindsay, Mrs, Reba, Columbian School, Trini¬ dad Lindsey, Mona, 208 Ash St., Yuma Lines, Gene, 832 Berkeley, Pueblo Lyle, Eugene F., Carlile School, Pueblo MacEarlane, Hazel M., Park View School, Pueblo Malins, Edith S , 2265 Forest St., Denver 7 Martin, John, 1445 N. Seventh St., Grand Junction Martz, A. J., 3030 E. 17th Ave., Denver 6 Matthiesen, F. H., Bristol School, Colorado Springs McCoy, Minnie, 1089 S. Ogden St, Denver 9 McKay, Mrs. Edna A., Lincoln School, Ft. Morgan LIST OF MEMBERS McPherron, Wilfred I , 215 S Maple, Trinidad McPhetres, M. A., 1638 Ninth St , Boulder Miles, Helen E., 1535 Glencoe St , Denver 7 Miller, Eugene. Columbian School, Los Animas ♦Morgan, Kathryn J., 1101 N Corona, Colo¬ rado Springs Morton, Max D., 3002 Morris St , Pueblo Nicholson, Harry, Mitchell School, Denver Noce, Lillian, 3726 Vallejo St., Denver 11 ♦O'Dea, Margaret, 220 £. Laurel St., Ft. Collins Oetting, Franklin H., Somerlid School, Pueblo Patton, Mrs, Cleo, Box 405, Manzanola Paul, Earl A., 956 S Elizabeth St., Denver 9 Place, Albert, 941 Fillmore St, Denver 6 Peck, Mrs. Genevieve S., 736 Race St, Denver Peter, Robert C., Box 265, Ft. Lupton Peterson, Carrie M., 75 S. Emerson St, Denver 9 Queree, Pearl, 2914 W. 29th Ave., Denver Ragsdale, R. H., Helen Hunt School, Colo¬ rado Springs. Reiva. James T., 614 Ogden St., Denver Rishel, John B., 1390 S. Josephine St, Denver ♦Robb, J. G., Central School, Ft Morgan Scharton, Leo G , Keating Junior High School, Pueblo Schumann, Roy, Rt 1, Grand Junction ’’Scott, J. F., Park School, La Junta 8 Scott, Wilma M., 1717 Tenth Ave., Greeley Slavens, Leon E. r 1315 Grape St , Denver Sprague, Mrs. Lillie E , 1375 Lincoln, Denver Standefer, Roger F., 611 Gaylord, Pueblo Stevens, Manley H., Franklin School, Sterling Stone, JEdythe L., Harris School, Ft. Collins ♦Storey, Mrs. Ethel M., Ill W. Walnut, Lamar Sweet, Mayme A., Mitchell School, Denver 5 Taylor, Laura Andrews, Riverside School, Pueblo Turner, Anis, 727 Glenwood, Grand. Junction ♦’(■Turney, Edna, Sargent School, Monte Vista Ullemeyer, Richard w., 2050 Leyden St., Den¬ ver Vikan, Walter L., Supt. of Schools, Brighton Williamson, C. H., Laurel Street School, Ft Collins Wills, William W., 343 S. Vine, Denver 9 Winkler Pauline, 24th Street School, Denver Wolf, George H , 335 Gunnison, Giand Junc¬ tion Yardley, Hattie F., Box 519, Greeley Yordy, Alvin R., 130 S. Lafayette, Denver 9 CONNECTICUT Adams, Dorothy R., Long Lots Rd., Westport Ahlquist, Harold C., Garden School, Stratford Anderson, May F., 396 Main St., Norwalk Ayres, Alice M, 210 N Oxford St., Hartford 5 Banks, .Elizabeth V., 2477 Bronson Rd., Fair- field Barrows, Mildred K,, 162 Francis St., New Britain Baumgardt, Maude, Wintergreen Ave., Hamden 14 Beecholz, Mathilda A., Warner School, Wood- bridge 15 Bernhardt, Mabel A., Booth Free School, Rox- BeS Grace V., 227 Wells St., Bridgeport Blackmer, Victor A., 64 North St , Danbury Blaha, Dr. M. Jay, University of Connecticut, Storrs Boyhan, Justine M., 827 Elm St, New Haven II Brennan, Joan H., 19 Marvel Rd., New Haven 13 tBrennan, Katharine A.. 182 Lloyd St., New . Haven 13 Bridgett, Alice E.. 634 N. Colony Rd , Walling¬ ford (Connecticut ) 265 Brown, Catherine B„ Longfellow School. Bridgeport 5 * Brown, Helen F 80 Wheeler St, Winsted Brown, Stephen W 151 Broad St, Stamford Bruce, Anna M . Berlin Butch, Paul, Lakeville Burns, Constance, 86 Fourth St., Bridgeport BU 30 er ’ A ‘ LoU1Sc ■ 84 Euclid Ave., Waterbuiy Carrigan, May V., 458 Washington Ave., West ■Haven 16 Carrington, Ralph W., 39 Bonair Ave., Water- bury Carroll, Elizabeth, Helen Street School, Hamden 14 Casner, Mabel B„ Colonial Park School, West Haven 16 ^ToUand ^ rs ‘ Esther, Hicks Memorial School, Clancy, Harnette F , 34 Westland St., Hartford Sr. rk ®‘ Minnl e B. Burntt School, New Britain ♦Collins, May H, 46 Alger PI, New London Condon, Anna A., 74 Garden St , Stamford C °w d S n ,! Hazel M . Middlefield School. Middleneld Congdon, Mary E., 221 Woodlawn Ter., Water- bury Cooper, J. Louis, University of Connecticut, Storrs Cotter, Hazel A., 33 Avon St., New Haven Creamer, Dorothy, 67 Pythian Ave., Torrington Cullen, Mae T., Rubber Avenue School Naugatuck Curran, Katherine H , 162 Bunker Ave., Meriden Darrow, Mrs. Harriet L., Mam St„ Westport DeMar, Mrs. Alice J., 40 High St., South Glastonbury Denunons, Mrs. Vmcenza P , 63 Clark St., New Haven 11 Desmond, D. Giles, Box 94, Tariffville Donadio, Rose, Brushy Plain, Branford Donohue, Elizabeth, Columbus School, South Norwalk Donovan, Anna C , 32 Girard Ave., Hartford 5 Donovan, C. G., Macdonough School, Middle- town ..Doran, Gertrude A , Dept, of Educ., Waterbuxy Dorsey, Margaret M., 95 Harmony St., Bridge- Doyle, Ernest J., Center School, Bloomfield Driscoll, Ann, Jewett City Dubay, Modeste E., 72 East St , Rockville Eames Butler M., Dwight School, Hartford 6 Egan, Helen T., Anderson School, Waterbury 42 Elliott, Clarence H., 138 Larrabee St, East Hartford Emhof, Mrs. Margaret J , 59 Burr St., West Hartford 7 Fagan, Anna E., Bd. of Educ. Office, Waterbury 22 Fallows. Mary E., Grove Street School, East Berlin Fanning, Mary A., Washington Rd , Woodbury Farrington, Ervin S., South Avenue School, New Canaan Feldman, Doris V„ Newhall Street School, Hamden Fenton, Julia, Roosevelt School, Bridgeport 4 Ferguson, Mrs. Martha F., Hartford Tpke., North Haven Finnegan, Joseph L., 66 Trumbull St., New Haven Finmgan, Alice R., 516 Orange St., New Haven 11 Fisher, Royal O., Box 1, Moodus Ftizpatrick,. Loretto, . 809. Highland Ave., waterbury 44 Fitz Simons, Margaret, Roger Sherman School. 765 Elm St., New Haven ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 266 ( Connecticut ) Foberg, Ann V , 43 Harrison St, New Britain Franchina, Joseph J,, Jr , Rice School, Stam- Freeman, Edward S , 34 Powell PI , Stamford French, Harold R., Jennings School, Bristol Furey, Marguerite E , Sarah Rawson School, 260 Holcomb St., Hartford Gallagher, Grace H., 1069 Wells PI., Stratford Garber, M Delott, New Park Avenue School, Hartford 6 , , , Goebel, Martha, Newfield School, Bridgeport Goodfield, Alvin G , The Hill School, Redding •Gough, Leighton B,, Box 33, Lebanon Granstrom, Esther, Green School, Manchester Gray, Caro M,, 60 High St , Bristol Greemnan, Gladys M., 137 Mason St, Greeti- wich , Griffin, Frances, 49 Hemingway Park Rd , Watertown Grimes, Josephine, 405 Main St , West Haven 16 Haggerty, Earl J., Brookside Manor, Broad Brook . , , Hart, Harry T., 72 St George Ave., Stamford Hazeltine, Rheta Hall. Glen Parkway School, Hamden Hicock, Mrs. H. W , Humiston School, Cheshire Holm, Elvira E , Mt Carmel School, Hamden Holroyd, Ida G , 33 Dora Circle, Bridgeport 4 Horberg, Mrs. William, Boulder Ridge, Rt. 5, Danbury Huenerberg, Laura B , McKinley School, Bridgeport 7 Idleman, Hillis K, Supt of Schools, East Hartford Jackson, Agnes, Hop Brook School, Naugatuck Johnson, Abel E , Smalley School, New Britain ®*tjourdan, Caroline C , 102 W. Main St , Branford Judd, Edwin B„ 422 Farmington Ave , Hart¬ ford 5 Judge, Sister Mary Edmund, St. Patrick's Convent, 267 Franklin St , New Haven 11 Kelley, Maude S., 273 Sherman Ave, New Haven - Kelly, Nora A., Summerfield School, Bridge¬ port 8 Kenney, Anna V., 125 Maple St , New Haven Rutland, Elizabeth E , Box 200, Yalesville Kleiner, Leah R , 288 Willow St., New Haven 11 Kotler, Rose G., Barnum School, Bridgeport Kunkel, Marie J , 79 Ridgefield Ave., Water- bury 54 Lahey, Margaret M , Second North School, East Hartford Laing, Anna M , Franklin School, 263 Nichols St., Bridgeport 8 Lake, Mildred L , Noah Webster School, 5 Cone St., Hartford 5 Leary, Mrs. Dorothy L., Greens Farms School, Westport Pleasant Valley School, Leonard, Victor Groton Letts, Malcolm A , Locke, Myrtle H , Sup Prin , Middlebury _ _ . Ivory ton Lyon, Louisabelle, Stratfield School, Fairfield Lyons, John H., Box 142, Thompsonville Mackmnon, Eleanor B, Vance School, New Britain StMalcolm, Elizabeth R., 181 Blake St, New Haven Mallon, Jane, _ Washington School, Bridgeport 4 Mann, Geraldine, Center School, Wilton Markscheffel, George F., Old Greenwich School, Old Greenwich Martin, Alathea, 31 Harrison St, New Britain McCall, Harold, Vine Road, Springdale McCartin, John J , Wapping School, Wapping McDermott, Milhcent R , Nathan Hale School, New Haven 13 McDonnell, Julia M , Southwest School, Torrington McLoughlin, Anna E., Benton School, New Haven 15 McMahon, Mary M., Forbes School, Torrington McNerney, Mary, Maple Street School, Sey¬ mour McTernan, John W., 132 Ocean Ave, New London Mendel, Augusta, Sheridan School, Bridgeport 6 Mettlmg, Rose, 126 E. Pearl St., Torrington Michelson, Mrs, Ethelyn, 100 Eaton St., Bridgeport Miller, Mrs. Ethel H., Baker School, Darien Mooney, Mary J., 784 Elm St., New Haven 11 *Mo:oney, Helen G. p Salem School, Naugatuck Mulvey, Theresa, Grammar School, Westbrook Murphy, Jane A , Elm Street School, Stamford Murphy, Katherine T , 54 Suburban Ave., Stamford * Murphy, Mary E , Nathan Hale School, Fair- Murray, Jane E , 48 South St, Waterbury Newbury, Gladys B , 168 Laurel Hill Ave., Norwich Nielsen, Esther L , 75 Haddon St., Bridgeport 5 O’Brien, Ruth, 40 Trinity St., New Britain O'Hara, Charles J., 737 Edgewood Ave , New Haven 13 O’Hara, Dr James L, Supt of Schools, Derby O'Loughlin, Florence, 24 Carroll Ct., Nauga¬ tuck Pascale, Mrs. Mollie M, Columbus School, New Haven Patterson. Helen L., West Avenue School, South Norwalk •Pearson, Mrs Isabelle M., Riverton Rd, Winston , , Pease, Eva B., 6 Concord St , West Hartford Penrose, E. Hazel, Oak Street Schqol, Naugatuck Pilvelis, Albert A., 237 Blake St , New Haven Porter, P. G., Patterson School, Bristol Preusser, Helen E., Fitch School, East Norwalk Putnam, Elmore K„ Center School, Rocky Hill Rakieten, Helen, 808 Elm St , New Haven * Rams dell, Raymond E., Maple Street School, Rockville Rattelsdorfer, Bessie J , Woolsey School, New Haven 13 Reilly, John C, Box 182, Willimantic Reynolds, Martha E, 12 Ann St., Norwich fRichards, Dr R Heber, Supvr. Elem. Educ., Teachers College of Connecticut, New Britain Rickard, Anna E , 361 Brooklawn Ave , Bridge¬ port 5 Rigney, Sadie F., 70 Linden St., Waterbury 1 Robb, Ethel M , Buckland School, Buckland Robinson, Pauline E., 281 N. Washington Ave , Bridgeport 4 Rock, Margaret M, Nathan Hale School, Bridgeport 4 Sansone, Josephine, 96 Marvel Rd., New Haven Satterlee, O. Ward, Elementary School, Old Greenwich Schumann, Lezzett, Sherman School, Fairfield Seekamp, Carla M., Box 283, Wallingford Seeley, Lila J, Grasmere School, Fairfield Sheridan, Bessie M., 189 Williams St., New Sherman, Esther, Hallen School, Bridgeport Shields, Mary E , Greenville School, Norwich Simpkins, Robert J , jHendrie Avenue School, Riverside Sistare, Grace M,, Winthrop School, New London Skehan, Anna M., 81 Waterville St , Water¬ bury 76 Smith, Florence E., Seymour School, West Hertford LIST Of MEMBERS (District of Columbia) 267 Smith, Frances R Haven 11 Smith, Minnie H , 16 Smolensky, Zenia, Spino, Mrs S L , Stanton, Lura W,, bury 37 Steele, Julia M , 4l6 Winthrop Ave , New 201 Center St , West Haven 90 Ivy St., Branford 12 Waite St , Hamden 14 62 Bunker Hill Ave., Water- orceic, i , 45 Holbrook St , Ansonia Steele’, Sister Mary Coletta, 75 Highland St , New Haven 5 Steele, Sarah M , 64 Filbert St , New Haven 14 Steucek, Regina, 317 Fairmont Ter , Bridgeport Stevens, Ralph S , Bailey Ave , Yalesvilie Sturke, Robert C , Grammar School, Essex Tansey, Cecilia M , 40 Perkins St., New Haven 13 Thatcher, Florence M , 1115 Chapel St , New Haven 11 , Thibadeau, Charles R , 151 Broad St , Stam- ford Thompson, Audrey M , Hindley School, Darien Torrant, Anne V , 10 Canal St , Plainville Troy, Lulu, McKinley School, Fairfield Umberger, Willis H., Supt. of Schools, Old Lyme Vogel, Edith, Jefferson School, Norwalk Wakeley, Mildred A , Center School, North Haven Wallace, Mrs Elizabeth K , Edwards Street School, New Haven Welsh, May, 625 Orange St , New Haven 11 Wesolowski, John C , 360 Humphrey St , New Haven 11 Wexler, Isadore, 726 Elm St , New Haven White, Mary M , 35 Davis St , New Haven 15 Wilbur, George Henry, 46 Church St, Newing¬ ton Williams, Lillian A , Holland Hill School, Fairfield Williamson, Mildred, 342 Thames St, Groton Young, Augustus W , Box 455, Forestville DELAWARE Adams. Courtley J , Elbert School, Wilmington Burns, Eth'elyn, Elementary School, Rehoboth Beach Dehan, Mary J , 814 N. Jackson St,, Wilming¬ ton 32 Dennison, Mary C , 1106 Jefferson St , Wil¬ mington 9 Dredden, George E , Box 362, Bndgeville **Dugan, Mrs Elva M, 1309 W Eighth St, Wilmington 32 Edwards, Mrs Sophie J , 1510 W Sixth St , Wilmington 163 Goslee, Charles N , 111 Coleman Ave , Lewes Holberg, Dorothy E , Alexis I. DuPont School, Wilmington J ones, Allen L., Rose Hill School, New Castle leller, Earl R , Oak Grove School, Elaraeie 182 Lecrone, Ellis K., Supt of Schools, Middle- town Neagley, Ross L., Supt., Mt Pleasant School Dist, Wilmington 280 Nichols, J. Herbert, N E Sixth St, Milford Ratledge, A. Katherine, Townsend Riggin, M Grace, 437 S. Union St , Wilming¬ ton 129 Shields, R. A , Supt. of Schools, Lewes Stahl, H E., Supt. of Schools, Claymont Vansant, Joseph A , Supt of Schools, Rehoboth Special School Dist , Rehoboth Beach DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Albert. Mrs C„ 3121 Sherman Ave., N W , Washington 10 Alphin, Mrs. Ida Z, 2228 N St, N.W., Washington 7 Andrews, Elizabeth, 1458 Columbia Rd , N W , Washington 9 Armes, Mrs. Ella D., Benning School, Minne¬ sota Ave and Benning Rd., NE, Wash¬ ington Baker, Mae T, 1225 Fairmont St, NW, Washington 9 Ballenger, Lou E, 1801 16th St, NW, Washington 9 tBarnett, Dr Glenn E , Asst Sec’y, Educ. Pol. Commission, Natl Educ. Assn , 421 Allies Rd., Washington 20 Bishop. Mrs Angella B , 1903 15th St, NW„ Washington 9 fBooker, Dr Ivan A., Asst Dir , Research Div, Natl. Educ Assn , 1201 16th St, N.W., Washington 6 Bowes, Mrs. Fern, West School, Fanagut St, Washington 11 Bricker, Kathryne M , 4704 Overbrook Rd , Washington 16 Brown, Mrs. Maude K, 409 Hobart PI , N W , Washington 1 Browne, Mrs Edna S , 1316 Girard St , N.W . Washington 9 Bush, Grace, 922 F St, N E , Washington 2 Callas, Eliza, 5507 Fourth St., N W , Wash¬ ington 11 Christie, Mrs Mary E., 1439 Spring Rd , N W , Washington 10 Clark, Eugene A., Miner Teachers College, Georgia Ave and Euclid, N W , Washing¬ ton 1 Conway, Mrs Marguerite S., Brent Dent School, Third and D Sts , S.E , Washington Cook, Mrs Dorothea A., 3060 l6th St , N W., Washington 9 Cornell, Mrs Florence N , John Qumcy Adams School, Washington 9 Cramer, Mrs Bessie Wood, Wheatley School, Montello Ave. and Neal St , N E , Wash¬ ington 2 Crook, Anna M , Bryan School, 13th and B St, S E , Washington 3 Crook, Ella M , Wallach School, Eighth & Pennsylvania, S E , Washington 3 Davis, Dr. Mary Dabney, Senior Specialist, Nursery-Kdgn.-Primary Educ , U S Office of Educ , Tempo "M" Bldg., 26th and Water Sts., N. W., Washington 25 Dick, Ruth E , Hyde School, 32nd and O Sts , N W , Washington 7 Dore, Bernadette L , 2725 31st St , N. W., Washington 8 fEaves, Dr Robert W , Sec'y, Natl. Com on Safety Educ , Natl Educ. Assn , 4204 46th St , N. W , Washington 16 fEdwards, Edward J , Jr, 5225 Blaine St , N. E., Washington 19 Elam, Mrs Alice M,, Bundy School, 429 O St , N. W., Washington Elreda, Sister Mary, S N.D , C. U Campus School, 920 Varnum St., N. E , Washington 17 Ewers, Alys H, 3708 Jocelyn St , N W., Washington - fFinlayson, Mrs. Alice B , 654 Girard St, N. W , Washington 1 Fryer. Thelma E., Keene-Rudolph School, Blair and Riggs Rds , N. E , Washington 11 Givens, Dr Willard E , Exec. Sec’y, Natl. Educ Assn , 4329 Biagden Ave , N. W., Washington 11 Goodykoontz, Dr. Bess, Dir. Div. of Elem Educ , U S Office of Educ., Washington 25 Gray, Robert R , 5801 Sheriff Rd , N E , Washington 19 Green, Elsie E , Whittier School, Fifth and Sheridan Sts , N W , Washington 11 268 (District of Columbia) elementary school principals Green, Mrs. Rosetta B., 1020 Seventh St, N. E, Washington 2 Haas, Mrs, Frances, 7615 Eastern Ave., Wash¬ ington 12 Hardesty, Leila V., District Heights School, 801 County Rd , Washington 19 Henderson, Mary A., 2412 Observatory PI., N W., Washington 7 Hickman, Clara, Hardy School, Foxhall Rd. and Q St., N. W,, Washington 7 Hiscox, Nell Fremont, 1820 Upshur St,, N. F., Washington 18 fHubbard, Dr. Frank W,, Dir. Research Div., Natl. Educ Assn., 1201 16th St., N. W., Washington 6 Hughes, Mrs Louise R., 2310 Connecticut Ave., N. W., Washington 8 Hunton, Mrs. Evelyn L., 1222 Kenyon St., N. w,, Washington 10 Hutchins, Dr. Clayton D., 3680 38th St., N.W., Washington 16 Kyle, May T„ 2129 32nd St., S E., Wash¬ ington 20 Lacy, Bessie K., Petworth School, Eighth and Shepherd Sts., N. W , Washington 11 Lindahl, Frances T , 708 Kennedy St., N. W., Washington 11 Little, Dr Ruth Coyner, Asst. Editor, Jorhnal of Natl. Educ. Assn., 1201 16th St , N W., Washington 6 I ockwood, Margaret M , Horace Mann School, Newark and 45th Sts., N. W., Washington 10 Mackintosh, Dr. Helen K., Specialist in Upper Grades, Div of Elem. Educ , U. S. Office of Educ., Washington 25 Malone, Mrs. L S., 654 Girard St., N W., Washington 1 McMurdock, Mrs Bertha J , 1250 Irving St.. N. E., Washington 17 McNamara, Mrs. Hazel G , Westbrook School, Baltimore Ave. and Allen Rd., Washington 16 Moore, Margaret, Blair Hayes School, Sixth and I Sts.. N E., Washington 2 Myers, Edwin C,, Syphax School, Half and N Sts . S W., Washington tNewcomb, Laurence C„ 4417 Garfield St.. N.W., Washington 7 O'Hara, Elizabeth, 5407 32nd St , N W, Washington 15 Pinter, Florence M , 5411 Nebraska Ave, N. W., Washington Patterson, Margaret K., Fillmore-Hearst School, 37th and Tilden Sts , N. W , Washington Payne, John C., 654 L St , N. E , Washington Petry, Mrs. Louise H, 1804 Bay St, S Is., Washington 3 Petty, Mrs. Mary A , 507 Quackenbos St , N W., Washington 11 I Pinkston, Eva G , Exec Sei ‘y, Dept of Elera School Prin , Natl. Educ. Assn., 1201 16th St., N. W., Washington 6 Pitts, Dr. Clara L„ 1705 Kenyon St, Wash¬ ington 10 Ramey Elizabeth M., Peabody School, Fifth and C Sts , N. E , Washington 2 *Robv, Mrs. Maud F , Shepherd School, 14th and Kalmia Rd., Washington 12 Samuelson, Dr Agnes, Asst. Editor, Journal of Natl. Educ Assn , 1201 16th St , N. W. Washington 6 Savoy, A. Kiger, Franklin Admin Bldg, 13th and K Sts , N. W., Washington 5 Savoy, Mrs Ruth Gordon, 1834 Vernon St, N. W , Washington 9 Schaeffer, Mrs. C. J , Ketcham School, 15th and U Sts , S E , Washington Schooifieid, Lucille D , 2901 Connecticut Ave. Washington 8 StShankiand, S. D„ 2830 Rittenhouse St, . N W., Washington 15 Shugrue, Mrs Alma M , Kingsman School, Hth and E Sts.. N E, Washington 2 Smith, Mrs. Josephine C, 1948 Second St.. N. W., Washington Steinle, Marie K., Brightwood School, 13th and Nicholson Sts., Washington 11 Stohlman, M. Helen, 4701 Connecticut Ave, Washington 8 Taliaferro, Julia C., Blow School, 19th and Bcnmng Rd,, N. E., Washington Timberlake, Josephine B , 1537 35th St. N. W., Washington 7 * Tripp, Dorothy L., Langdon School, 20th and Franklin Sts., N. E . Washington Trusheim, Eva M., Congress Heights School, Fifth St. and Nichols Ave., S. E., Washington 20 Wakem&n, Mrs. Laura J., 4817 46th St., N. W., Washington 16 Wallace, Florence C., 1810 Randolph St, N. E., Washington 18 Weller, Clara B , 5880 Allentown Rd., S. E , Washington 20 Werner, Mrs. Myrtle King, 501 E. Capitol St, S E.. Washington Whitlock, Sarah O., 3945 Connecticut Ave, Washington 8 Wiler, Jessie E , 113 Seventh St., S E., Wash¬ ington 3 Williams, Edith M., 5703 14th St„ N W, Washington 11 Winston, Mrs, Maitlni, 26,'0 I lib St , N, W., Washington 9 FID RIDA Adams, Anna Lee, Box 667, Sebnng Anderson, Annie Laurie, 1145 15th Ave S„ St. Petersburg 7 Anderson, Edith, 214 S. New York Ave., Lakeland Armstrong, Lillian, Palm View School, Palmetto Ashmore, M L., Sup. Prin., Bomfay Ashmore, Wayne V., Caroline Brevard School, Tallahassee Bailey, Frances, 635 40th Ave. S , St. Peters¬ burg Bamum, Mary 1, 125 24th Ave. S. E,, St. Petersburg , Bandy, Gertie Minta, Central School, Haines City Barclay, Mrs. Helen, Rt. 1, Box 285, Lake Worth Barnes, Miss Johnnie M., Rt. C, Box 144, Marianna Batten, Camilla Louise, Box 23, Penney Farms Beal, Beulah, 1940 Silver St , Jacksonville Beaman, Annie, 1668 Osceola St , Jacksonville 4 * * Belcher, Fiances, North Ward Sihonl, Clea' w ater Benson, Olga D,, 1358 S W Sixth at , Miami 37 Blalock, Katherine, Box 162, Lake Hamilton Blanton, Mrs Chloe Ann, Lake City Boss, James F,, Howard Academy, Box 43, Ocala Bradley, Harry M., Faulkner Street School, New Smyrna Beach . Brelsrord, Mrs Charlotte M., 2101 University Dr , Orlando Brewster, Dempsie, The Palms, DeLand Bridges, Mis. O. L., Cove School, Panama City Brock, Mrs. Jessie N., Winter Garden Brogdon, Nettie E., 605 Ocean St., Jackson¬ ville 2 Brooks, Mrs, Alma F., 1531 N.W. First PL, Miami 36 Brown, Mrs. Grace B., Mandarin Brown, Louise, 813 S E. Second Ct., Ft Lauaer- dale Browne, Fac R , 836 Cohassctt Ave , Lake Wales Buchholr, Albert, Cuesta SlIujoI, Tampa list of members (Florida) 269 Bulloch, Pearl, Edison Park School, Ft. Myers Byrnes, Mrs. Lorraine G , 228 N.W. Tenth Aye, Miami Cameron, Mag Audrey, Box 597, Ocala Campbell, Gladys, 1152 35th Ave. N., St. Petersburg Capron, Mrs. Clara H , 218 Westminster Rd,, West Palm Beach Carey, Albert H , 59-2 Pomciana PL, Key West Carlton, Mrs Hazel, Knights Carothers, Mrs Frances, Box 16 , Ruskin Case, Dorothy L., Box 25, 22nd St. Sta , St. Petersburg Cathcart, Jessie N , Wauchula Charles, william L , 1439 Talbot Ave., Jack¬ sonville 5 Christian, Mary R , 347 Seaview Ave , Daytona Beach Clarke, Mrs Myrtice, 207 Walker St , Plant City Claville, Mrs I G., Star Rt. C, Ft. Myers Cobbs, Mrs. Gretchen J , Curtis School, Clear¬ water Coley, Sadie, Box 2063, E. Hill Sta., Pensacola Compton, Mrs, Ruth-W, 516 N. Summerlin, Orlando Cone, Mrs. Elizabeth, 3008 Morgan St, Tampa 5 Cook, G T., 820 N. Grove St, Gainesville Cooke, Nellie E., 123 E First St , Jacksonville Cornwright, Ethel M., Marks Street School, Orlando Cox, Mrs. Estelle C., 253 14th Ave N.E , St. Petersburg Coyne, Mrs. Evelyn C , 2629 S W Eighth St , Miami 35 Crawford, Mrs W. H,, 1602 N Ninth Ave , Pensacola Crenshaw, Mis Lillian D., East Side School, Ft. Lauderdale Culver, Mrs Lola M , 1833 Silver St., Jack¬ sonville 6 Cunningham, Mrs. Hannah, Kenly Elem School, Tampa Curlin, Thena R., Bethune School, Miami 37 Daughtrey, Mrs Blanche H., Ballard School, Bradenton Deal, Mrs. Ruth M., 947 Tangerine Ave S. f St. Petersburg tDean, Katie, 412 S.W Fifth Ave , Miami 36 Delaney, Mrs. Elsie, Riverside School, Miami Dieffenwierth, Julia, 5651 36th St. N , St Petersburg IDowdell, Susan, Macfatlane Park School, Tampa Drayer, Erma, Spring Park School, Jacksonville Durrance, C. L , West Central School, Orlando Edwards-, Grace B , Phyllis Wheatley School, Miami 36 Elkins, Mrs. Anmce Davis, Box 350, Kissimmee Elliott, Hazel V , Box 134, Haines City Emery, Harold S., South Bay School, South Bay Engel, Mrs Mae, North Ridgewood School, Daytona Beach fErwin, Mts. Edna B., 812 S. Oregon, Tampa 6 Espy, Mis Elizabeth M., General Delivery, Pcrnne Farnsworth, Lucile, Rt. 4, Box 265, Plant City Fisackerly, Mrs Hester, 3200 St Augustine Rd , Jacksonville 7 t Fischer, Mrs, Frances, Gary School, Tampa 5 Fogarty, Mrs. Vera R , 1111 11 th St N., St Petersburg Ford. Charlotte L., Bethune-Cookman College, Daytona Beach Foster, Gladys, 675 N 15th Av e , Pensacola Fowler, W. F. , Harris School, Key West Funkfm. Mrs. Mary L., 620 N E. 26th St,, Miami Fugate Mamie L , 545 Margaret Ct , Orlando Furr, Mrs Era Mae, 725 S.W, Sixth St., Miami Gabriel, Dorothy P., Ft. Meade Geiger, Dr Albert J., High School, Fifth Ave and 25th St N., St. Petersburg 6 Gill Mrs. Alese, 2028 N W. Fourth Ct., Miami 36 Glass, Nelson S., Elementary School, Winter Park Gleason, Mrs. Edna W., 538 N Summerlin St, Orlando Goulding, R L., Florida State College, for Women, Tallahassee tGray, Mrs. Florence, 715 Louisiana Ave., Tampa 3 Gray, Mrs. Mary Lou, 5737 Tangerine Ave, S . St Petersburg 7 Green, Mrs. Louise. 3444 Dartmouth Ave N St Petersburg Gwin, Lillian, 2818 Nebraska Ave , Tampa GuHiver. Mrs Bertha B., Delaney Street School, Orlando Hager, Mabel, . Samoset School, Bradenton Hall, Mrs. Eunice, Brownsville School, Pensa¬ cola Hamilton, Cecil, 1917% Larchmont St., Ft Myers Hamilton, Mrs Eva B , 2917 E. Lake Ave Tampa 5 Hanft Mrs. Elise H , Annie Lytle School, i Jacksonville 4 tHartman, Mrs. Anne, 4210 Barcelona Ave., Tampa 6 Hartman, Emma, 1102 E. Gadsden St., Pensa¬ cola Hatchett, Mrs. Marguerite W„ 1216 22nd Ave., Hollywood Hayes, Mrs. Lora Belle, 2206 Park Ave , Ft. Myers , Helms, Mrs. Mildred, 719 First Ave. S.W.. Largo f Hodges, Mrs Edna F , 1010 Coral St, Tampa Hodges, Mrs. Kate E., 624 W. Emma St.. Lakeland fHolt, Mrs. Sara Alice, Jackson School, Tampa Hough, Mrs Lillian P„ 122 W. Wisconsin Ave., DeLand Houston, Mrs. E. E., Bryant Hughes, Florence L., 816 Oak St, Jacksonville 4 Hurston, Mrs. Alma J , 600 Celery Ave, San¬ ford Huskey, D C., Box 509, Ft Pierce frngrarn, Mrs Lucille, Jackson Heights School, lampa 5 lackson. Leroy B , 24l Chelsea St , Jacksonville 4 Jacobs, Mrs Edna, 13% S E Sixth St, Ft Lauderdale Jacobs, Mrs. Hazel C., Concord Park School, Orlando Johnson, Mrs. Ruby, 1274 King St, Jacksonville Jones, A. Quinn, Lincoln School, Gainesville Jones, D. T., Jewett Elementary School, Box F, Florence Villa_ Jordan, Mrs. Winona Webb, Belvedere School, West Palm Beach Keller, William E., High School, Everglades tKeliey, Mrs. Ethel W-, Rt. 4, Box 1359, Tampa 7 Kelso, Mabel M., Ill 17th Ave. S, St. Peters¬ burg tKent, Mrs. Mary L., 2802 Sitios St , Tampa 6 King, Patti Batey, Box 1299, Ft. Lauderdale Kipp, Robert Earl, 713 Anderson St., Orlando Klett, Mrs. Charlotte. 937 S. Howard Ave , Tampa 6 Langston, Thomas Hill, 6809 Wellington Av$., ”1 ampa. ’ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 270 ( Florida ) Lee, Carrie V , 324 Bay St , Tarpon Springs Lee, Mrs Ora D., Box 711, Pahokee Leifeste, Mrs. Leola S., 2618 McGregor Blvd , Ft Myers , , „ Leto, Ateo P , Philip Shore School, Tampa Lininger, Mrs Mary, 4244 Second Ave. N, St Petersburg Linton, Gary, Box 207, Safety Harbor Lockhart, J W , Meacham School, Tampa 5 Long, Evelyn E , 110 N, Mills St., Orlando Lord, Mrs Annie B , 1808 Weber Ave , Or- lando ,, MacEdwards, H, M., Box 327, Hollywood MacLeod, Mrs Helen H., Sunshine School, Pass- a-Grille Beach Mandeville, Mrs, Lottie, 1330 Wilson Ave, Warrington McAnallan, Mrs. Mane L , Lakewood School, St Petersburg McAnally, Mrs. Selma, Box 172, Melbourne McAnulty, Mrs Catherine C , 210 Sixth St S.W , Winter Haven McCall, Georgie, 3309 Post St , Jacksonville 5 McCallister, Martha E , Box 73, Pinellas Park McCarty, E. E , Merrick Demonstration School, Coral Gables 34 McClean, Annie H , 2736 Herschel St, Jack¬ sonville McClure, Mrs, Kathryn G , Box 696, Vero Beach McCuller, Mrs Emma O , Box 376, Fernandina McCurdy, Charles M., Box 862, Belle Glade JMcDonald, Bertha, 109 W. Shore Blvd., Tampa 4 McPherson, Mrs. Ruth A , 2401 N. Alabama, Gainesville McWhorter, Lucile, 4750 N.W 22nd Ave , Miami 37 Miller, Mrs Edna J , 207 28th Ave N , St. Petersburg Miller, Mrs. Elsie M , 236 Seventh Ave, N E , St. Petersburg Miller, Jessie P , Ft Pierce Milwee, R F , Morr.iston School, Morriston Minchew, Dorothy S,, Mayport Mitchell, Bruce, Rt 1, Box 425, Lake Worth Mitchell, Mrs. Velma S., 1111 Magnolia Ave , Sanford JMoon, Dr. Robert C, 812 Washington St , Tallahassee Moore, Jean, La Belle Moore, Lucy M , Florida School for Deaf and Blind, St. Augustine Morris, Grace, 1208 Bay, Clearwater Mornson, Kathleen, 1805 N 14th Ave , Pensa¬ cola Morse, Gladys, Elementary School, Perry Moseley, S Meredith, Dillard High School, Ft Lauderdale Mount, Oms, 2961 Selma St., Jacksonville 5 Nash, Gladys, Rt 1, Largo Neel, Mrs. Mildred A , Box 1510, R R 2, St Petersburg Neighbors, Mrs. Annie W, Ortega School, Jacksonville 5 Nelson, La Verne, 3003 Harbor View, Tampa 6 Nelson, Mabel, 3003 Harbor View, Tampa 6 Nippert, Helen E, 1014 Third St. N, St. Petersburg * Oliver, Dorothy M . 303 E Central Ave . Lake Wales Owen, Ray A., 1153 Miramar Ave , Jacksonville Palethorpe, Iris, Box 1144, St Augustine Patterson, Sue L,, South Ridgewood School, Daytona Beach Perkins, W R , Griffin Normal Institute, Box 568, Tallahassee Pickens, Mrs, E. V., 1422 N Davis St, Pensa¬ cola Pinkerton, Elizabeth B , 141 E. Hawthorn Sarasota Pitts, Mabel D., Norwood School, Jacksonville 6 Plotts, H. H., 6100 N W. Second Ave , Miami Plumb, Kathleen G , 718 Lakeview St„ Cleat- water Reid, Mrs. Clara, Box 344, Largo Remington, Mrs Mattie, Box 58, Pinellas Park Remond, Dr. Benildes L., San Carlos School Key West Richardson, Mrs Myrtle W' , Boston Avenue School, DeLand Riviere, Mrs. Daisy E, Ozona School, Palm Harbor Robinson, Mrs. Eliza S , Volusia Avenue School, Daytona Beach Rutledge, Mrs. Mary W., Box 284, Sarasota Sansbury, Kathleen, Lenox Avenue School, Daytona Beach Shuck, Iris O., Yowell School, Kissimmee Seabrooks, A B , Florida A. and M College, Tallahassee fShaffner, Gertrude, 1636 S W 19th Ave, Miami 35 Shaver, Mrs. Edna M , 422 W Effie St , Ar¬ cadia fShaw, Mrs Lassie, 5507 Branch Ave , Tampa Sheeley, Loran L , 1872 N.W. 47th St, Miami 37 Simmons, Helen, Box 547, Winter Haven Skeen, Mrs Nelle C , Elementary School, Lees¬ burg Smith, Mrs. Clara Louise, 213 S.W. Ninth Ave , Ft Lauderdale Smith, Clotilde B, 3445 NW 12th Ave, Miami 37 Snook, Julia W , Auburndale tSommerkamp, Mozelle, Oak Park School, Tampa Spady, S.D., Box 425, Delray Beach Starr, Alice K , Dunedin Sterling, Natalee, Central School, St. Petersburg Stine, Margaret H., Box 1633, St. Petersburg 1 Stoutamire, Winifred, Clearwater Swearingen, Olive, 1623 N Seventh Ave, Pensacola Sweat, Samuel D , 3912 San Luis St, Tampa 6 Thompson, Mrs Ina S , 111 Main St, De Fumak Springs Thompson, M Eloise, Palm Harbor Tucker, Mrs. Frances S , 238 Grand Ave, Miami 33 fTucker, Mabel E , 244 79th St.. Miami Beach Tyree, Mrs Annie, Oldsmar Upson, Ruth N , 828 Oak St , Jacksonville Wakefield, Homer E , Box 208, Howey in the Hills tWallace, Mrs Florence, De Soto School, Tampa Warren, Elizabeth, Green Cove Springs Waters, Lucile M , Oakland Park Weatherly, Hazel, Buena Vista School, Miami Wells, Martha, Rt. 4, Box 487, Jacksonville 5 Wheeler, J. A , Miramar School, Miami Wilcox, Mrs Kathryn, South Ward School, Clearwater Williams, L R , Box 1183, Cocoa Williams, P. E, Box 515, Wildwood Wilson, Gerald F , V. M Ybor School, Tampa Wingate, Adna Quinn, Box 815, Bartow Wolverton, Mrs Ethel G., 17 E Brainard, Pensacola Yawn, Mrs Maude J , Co. Supvr., 18 Nas¬ turtium St., Sebring York, Mrs Anne, Box 1071, Sarasota Ziegler, Mrs. Glennie, N B. Cook School, Pensacola list of members GEORGIA Adamson, Buelah, 1355 Peachtree St N.E , Alford” Mrs. Mabel R., 627 W. 39th St, Savannah „ Allen, Miss iM. A., Crogman School Atlanta Arden, Mrs Alice, Massie School, Savannah Askew, Mayme, Box 295, Folkston Ayers, Mrs Dorothy, 603 Anderson Ave, Savannah „ _ , . T Bailey, Mrs. N L , 1211 Hunter Rd. N.W , Atlanta , „ „ , , _ Barrett, Willa, Ponce de Leon School, Decatur Bohannen, Mrs Alice N„ 205 Ponce de Leon Ct, Decatur Bradford, Mary L., Fifth Avenue School, De- catur fBradshaw, Sarah, Williams Street School, At- lanta Brantley, Nola, Box 71, Warner Robins Brett, Annie L , Elementary School, Stone Mountain Brown, M. H , Steed School, Augusta Brown, Mildred, Reynolds Street School, Bruns¬ wick Burnett, Emma, 141 Peachtree Hills Ave., At¬ lanta fBurns, Mary Sue, Milton Avenue School, At¬ lanta Burroughs, Cecil, Pennsylvania Avenue School, Savannah Carpenter, Myrtle, 1532 30th St, Columbus Carson, Jessie, 860 Capital Ave S E , Atlanta Cash, Addle, Ben Hill Cash, Pauline, Rt. 1, Ben Hill Cates, Mrs Willie F., 619 Cascade Ave S W , Atlanta Chadwick, Mrs Lyndell N., 395 Second Ave. S E , Atlanta Chapman, Annie, Luckie Street School, Atlanta Chapman, James Alford, Doerun Clements, Mrs Mildred S., Ft Hawkins School, Macon Coleman, M E , Asst Supt , 56 Mitchell St. S W , Atlanta 1 tCollms, M. D , State Supt of Schools, At¬ lanta 3 Connallv, Mrs Louise, Box 35. St. Simon Island Cook, Mrs John H , 115 Woodcrest Dr , Rome Cox, Mrs. Winona S , Box 247, Moultrie Crawford, Mrs. Lylete Wilson. 205 W. 33rd St , Savannah Culbreth, Pauline, Morton Avenue School, Way- cross Darling, Mrs. Jack, Crawford Street School, Waycross Davis, Mrs Elizabeth L., Rt. 1, Chamblee Dillard, Mrs Dorothy Bell, Box 24l, Decatur Duncan, Mary, 117 Church St., La Grange Eyler, William A, Jr , 38th Street School, Savannah Flanagan, Mrs W. 1 , 1333 S. Lumpkin St , Athens Frazee, Mrs. Grace B , 320 N. Bethel St , Ihomaston Freeman, Mrs. Mary H., Avondale Estates Gardner, Eva, 96 40th St , Columbus Gaskin, A. D , 2357 William St , Augusta Glenn, Magdalene, 270 Hill St , Athens Goldwrre, Mrs. C. V., 328 E. Chapel St , Griffin Harris, Mabel H,, 836 College St., Macon Hicks, Cleophas, 891 Virginia Ave. N E , At¬ lanta Hogan, Mrs. F. M,, Gray Street School, Atlanta Holland, Mrs Helen B., Park Street School, Marietta [Georgia) 271 Hollingsworth, Lois, 1010 Oxford Rd. N.E , Atlanta Holt, Mamie L , 870 Napier Ave , Macon Honiker, Mary Leila, Clanemont School, Decatur Hoineil, G. B., Nashville Hull, Mrs Mildred W , Heard School, Macon Johnson, Mrs Annie, 1612 Stokes Ave. S W , Atlanta Jones, Bernice, 3641 Fulton Ave , Hapeville tjones, Mrs. Richard P., Gordon School, At¬ lanta Kelly, Martha, 116 First Ave S.W , Moultrie Kendrick, Margaret C , 45 15th St. N.E., At¬ lanta Kendrick, Martha, 45 15th St N E , Atlanta Kirby, Miss Emery B , 112 N. Green St , Dalton Kothe, Martha, 1736 Homestead Ave N E , At¬ lanta Lanier, Miss Clyde, 211 Forsyth Apts , Savan¬ nah Lorentzson, Mrs Julia B , Arco School, Arco Macrae, Mrs L B , 1154 St Charles PI N-E, Atlanta Malone, Mrs Kate C, Alexander School,'117 North Ave , Macon Martin, Mrs Hugh B , 363 Altoona Pl. S W„ Atlanta **tMartm, Pauline, 126 Third Ave, Decatur McCallum, Mrs. Rosalie, 1121 W Solomon, Griffin McCord, G M , Murphy Junior High School, Atlanta McCorkle, Ruby, 249 Elizabeth St N E , At¬ lanta McCullough, Jewel H , Goodyear School, Bruns¬ wick ( fMcCune, W W., Asst. Supt of Schools, Sa¬ vannah McDonald, M. S., Sumner McElroy, Sarah, Whittle School, Macon McGuflfey, Logan H., Rt 1, Chula McLendon Mrs Mary, Church Street School, East Point tMiddlebrooks, Mrs. Rounelle B , 558 College St , Hapeville Miller, Caroline E., 110 Duffy St. E., Savannah Milner, Mrs. J W , 331 E Spring St., Gaines¬ ville Mitcham, Mrs Mary, W Main St, Thomaston fMitchell, Julia, 1067 N. Highland Ave N.E., Atlanta Monroe, Shelby H., Main Street School, Gaines¬ ville Moore, Mrs. Arthur, Hotel Georgian Terrace, Atlanta Moms, Avaleen, 777 Williams St N.W., At¬ lanta Mullenix, May Belle, 722 First St , Macon tNash, Mrs W. F., Slaton School, Atlanta Neal, Daisy, Fourth Street School, Brunswick Nolan, Mrs L T., Fairburn Nussbaum, Lillian, 511 Forsyth Apt., Savannah Oliver, E W , Supt of Schools, Loganville Oliver, Norma, Ballard School, Brunswick Orr, Dorothy, 1012 St. Charles Ave N E , At¬ lanta Osborne, Robert L , Rt. 5, Mariettta Osterhout, Mrs. R. D, 1056 Reeder Circle N.E., Atlanta , Outler, Mrs. L. T,, Box 114, Moultrie Pinkston, Mrs J W., Box 914, Valdosta tPounds, Edna, 1206 Peachtree St,, Atlanta TRhodes, Maude A , 18> Westminster Dr N E , Atlanta Rice, Jessie, 214 Hmes Ter., Macon Riley, Romana, 40^ E Henry St, Savanna'll Robertson, Minnie,’! C , 300 Crescent Ave., Macon Roddey, Helen, 1230 Peachtree St N E , At¬ lanta 272 ( Georgia) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Rowland, Mrs. Hampton, Beech Haven, Athens Russell, Mary O.. 358 Sutherland Ter N.E., Sanford! 4 Miss S. B., 2516 Baldwin St., Co- Satterfield, Mrs. Ruth H., 774 Virginia Ave. N.E., Atlanta , , , . tSenkbeil, Anna, Adair School, Atlanta Sessions, Mrs, P. G., Box M2, Decatur Setae, Adelaide R„ 155 The Prado N. E„ At- She^ling, Angela K„ 303 Hightower Rd„ Macon Silvey, Elizabeth, 624 Cumberland Rd. N.E , Atlanta , „ Simmons, Ethel. 2 Myers Ave., Tuon Sistcunk, Mrs. Robert W„ 321 S. McDonough St., Decatur tSmith, Emma O., 280 College St, Macon Spence, Toy, 425 Society Ave., Albany Stallings, Lila, Sidney Lanier School, Bruns- tStandard, Mary, 907 E. Rock Springs Rd. N E., Atlanta Stillwell, Mrs. J. T., 166 Erie Ave. .Decatur Summerall, Mrs W. J., Box 163, Waycross Suttles, Alma, 778 Cascade PI. S.W., Atlanta Tate, Charles C., Commerce fThompson, Mrs, L. N., Ragsdale School, At¬ lanta Ticknor, Daisy, 2801 Tenth Ave , Columbus fTnck, Sara E., 1010 McLynn Ave N E , At¬ lanta Upshaw, Mrs. Marie DuBose, Burke School, Macon Vaughan, Clara, 304 Park Ave., La Grange Waddey, Mary H., 405 Cooper St. S.W., At¬ lanta Walker, Knox, 521 Court House, Atlanta 3 Ward, G. W., 1732 Oak Dr., Augusta Ward,'®.. B„ Fleming School. Rt. 1 Augusta Weathcrsbee, Mrs. G. G-. La Grande Wesley, Mrs. Doris H , 124 Glynn Ave., Macon J Whitworth, Mrs. R. B., HoweU School, At¬ lanta Wilson, Mrs. Homer L., Bolton Woods, Mary E., 1071 Madison Ave., Athens Yow, Elizabeth, Annie B. Clarke School, Tifton IDAHO Bays. Bess, 915 Hays, Boise Brenn, Laura M., 311 N. Tenth St., Boise Bunker, Theresa, Avalon Apt. 27, Idaho Falls Chatburn, Joe W., 818 Garfield St., Boise Hackworth, Ruth M., 2125 State St., Boise Johnson, Ann. 261 11th St., Idaho Falls Langlois, Clyde, Rt. 4, Boise * Marra, Alba L., 127 W. Riverside Ave , Kel¬ logg Martin, D. W., 244 S. Hayes, Pocatello McGhee, Jessie L, Whitman School, Lewiston fMcSorley, M. Lillian, Lewis Clark Hotel, Lewiston Morgan, J. R , Silver King School, Kellogg •Pauley, Fred, Jefferson School, Pocatello Pomeroy, Mrs, Margaret F., Emerson School, Pocatello *tReid, C. R., 1814 Dearborn, Caldwell Reid. Ray R., Southwest School, Burley ••Rice, Harry H,, 1607 W. Jefferson St., Boise Robinson, G. A., Rt. 4, Boise Sheldon, Joseph B., Rt 2, Boise Snyder, R. H., Pres., Albion State Normal School, Albion Stalker, Donald D.. Box 456, Blackfoot Stidwell, Charles A., Box 163, Sandpoint Swedenborg. Bess. 406 Franklin St, Boise •Vivian, Mrs Olive, 305 Mam St., Lewiston Wallace, Clen B., Box 931, Mullan Way, Buelah, 552 Third Ave. N., Twin Palls Zink, Mary V., 1120 Pueblo St., Boise ILLINOIS Ahlenius, Ruth E., Irving School, Bloomington Albrecht, Margaret, 84l 18th Ave, Moline Aitheide, Matilda, Washington School, Quincy Anderson, Edith V., 203 Sixth Ave., Molme Anderson, Geneva, Irving School, Rock Island Anderson, Mabel £„ 508 South St., Geneva Annan, Isabel D.. Gladstone School, 1231 S Damen Ave., Chicago Ashdown, A. w., McNabb Back, Hattie, 222 S, Wheaton Ave., Wheaton Baker, Ruth, 1153 W. Eldorado, Decatur 4? Ball, Lester B , Supt. Dist. 108, Lincoln School, Highland Park Bansau, Hilda J., Forest Glen School, Glen Ellyn Barr, H. D„ 102 E. Clay St., Roodhouse Bassett, Catherine, Evanshire Hotel, Evanston Bauch, Minna, 517 Gay St., Pittsfield Baumann, Wanda, Oak Park School, Aurora Baxter, LaRue G., 232 Klein St., Vtmce Beamish, J. K . Nixon School, Maywood Beck, Paul H., 706 S. Lombard Ave., Oak Park Becker, Ethel W., 1014 13th Ave., Moline Becker, Prances V., 1014 13th Ave., Moline Belsly, Josephine, 612 S Cuyler St., Oak Park Bennett, R. M., Clarendon Hills Bielenberg, Emma J., 3634 N. Avers Ave., Chi¬ cago 18 Bilhorn, J. Chester, 250 W 37th St , Chicago 9 Bixler, Ray A., Ray School, 5631 Kimbark Ave., Chicago Blakeway, Herbert N., 8525 S. Carpenter St., Chicago Blodgett, D. R., Supt of Schools, Jacksonville Boley, Arthur William, Central Junior High, Kewanee Bone, Paul L„ Supt. of Schools, Princeton Boughan, Eugene F* 138 N. Walnut St, Ccn- traha Bozarth, Charles M., Box 92, Carlinville Braden, Mrs. Ruby Q., Central School, Cen- tralia , „ Bradshaw, Elizabeth Q., 10740 Calhoun Ave , Chicago 17 , , , Brandcnberger, Mildred L., 1206 Logan Ave, Danville . „ , , _ .... Brewick, G. Millard, Supt. of Schools, Schiller Park . „ , . Brockiey, Frances, Cooke School, Galesburg . Brown. Carroll E., 5479 Ellis Ave., Chicago 15 Browning, Clyde, Supt. of Schools, Galva Brunjas, Orville O., 110 W. First,. Hartford Burt, C Vinton, Supt. of Schools, River Eorest Burt, Robert O., Kitigman School, Peoria Bush, James C., Stanford „ , ., Busse, Amy E„ 1709% S. Fifth St., Springfield Butler, Mrs Mane M., Sullivan School, 8255 S, Houston Ave., Chicago 17 , Butler, W. C , Junior High School, Charleston Buzbee, Dellis, Supt. of Schools, Odin Buzzell, Leonard A., 1750 N. 36th, East St Louis , _ , Byers, Elvin G., 630 Forest Ave, Oak Park Byrne, Margaret H,, 9312 Longwood Dr., Cni- Cam§en, G. A , 614 N. Ridgeway Ave., Chi¬ cago 24 . . Carlson, C. Esther, Rt. I, Macomb Cation, Howard D, Blaine-Sumner School, Peoria , ,, Cawelti, Donald, Skokie School,, Winnetka Cessna, Hester E., 902 Robinson, Danville Chandler, Turner C , 8718 Harper Ave , Cbi- Cla?^° Nelle N„ 2304 N. Main, Decatur 13 Clark, Rose A„ 5501 Washington Blvd., Chi¬ cago 44 _ Claus, Lucile, 715 Chestnut St, Ottawa LIST OF MEMBERS Clinton, Catherine M., 7936 Evans Ave., Chi- c ago Clogston, Evan B , Bridge School, 3800 N New England Ave , Chicago 34 fCohen, Theresa T , Chalmers School, 1220 S Fairfield St., Chicago 8 Conklin, Paul S., Co Supt. of Schools, Rock¬ ford -Cordes, Mrs. Eva C,, Lincoln School, Evans¬ ton Cordis, William R., Supt. of Schools, Prince- ville Corson, Mrs. Vera L , 114 N Gifford St , Elgin Courter, W. Lester, Lancaster Cox, Lawrence C., 525 N, Grove Ave., Oak Park Crabtree D. R., Milton School, Alton Greve, Mabel C , 513 Third St., Savanna Crisp, Iva J , Lincoln School, Berwyn Crowl, Thelma, 1153 W. Eldorado, Decatur 49 Culp, Esther M. t 735 Condit, Wood River Cunningham, Very Rev. Msgr. D F., 755 N. State St, Chicago Current, W F., 311 E. McClure, Peoria 4 Curtis, Ina L , 1110 Chestnut St., Waukegan Dahle, Dr. C. O., Supt Dist. 107, Elm Place School, Highland Park Damon, Russell I , 721 Ardmore PL, Peoria 5 Dasher, Ruth E., 1566 Oak Ave., Evanston Davidson, E. S., 3232 Wenonah Ave , Berwyn Davies, ■ Mrs. M. I., 214 W. Illinois St, Wheaton Davis, Dr. Melvin G., Supt. of Schools, Peoria 3 De Atley, Glenn O., 442 Lorena Ave., Wood River Detwiler, O L , Central School, Waukegan Diel, J. Harold, Supt. of Schools, Stewardson Diersen, Arnold, Pleasantdale School, Rt. 2, La Grange Dodds, Alvin Gordon, 1408 E St. Louis St, West Frankfort Dodge, Nettie, 800 34th St , Rock Island Donaldson, La Vina, 1326 St Louis, East St. Louis Doyle, Margie C. E., 10911 Longwood Dr., Chicago 43 Duncan, Neal, 810 N. Spring Ave., La Grange Dunsmore, Margaret M , Lincoln School, East Molitfe Edmison, Arthur, Ashley Road School, Mt. Vernon Edwards, Arthur U , Dir, Campus Elementary School, State Teachers College, Charleston Edwards, Pansy Lee, Garfield School, Moline Evans, U L, 3112 S, Fourth St, Shelbyville Everitt, Helen E., 408*4 Broadway, Pekin Fidelia, Sister M., S S J., Lourdes High School, 4034 W. 56th St., Chicago 32 Fink, Stuart D., McMurry Training School, De Kalb Fisher, Carolyn, Ericsson School, Moline Fitch, Grace, Franklin School, Jacksonville Fitzgerald, Margaret M., Hamilton School, 1650 W. Cornelia Ave,, Chicago Foster, Ethel, 1 N LaSalle St,, Chicago 2 Foster.'Florence, 1156 Lincoln Ave., Decatur 17 Foster, Winifred R., 1336 Walnut St., Wauke¬ gan Franck, Emma M , 707 19th Ave., Moline Freeland, Willa, Oaklawn School, Danville Frey, Grace Hurst, 738 Hmman Ave , Evanston Fulkerson, C. V., Hawthorne School, East St. Louis 1 Gaddis, Edwin A , Altamont Gallagher, Rose M., Esmond School, 1865 W. Montvale Ave., Chicago 43 Garland, Mrs. Frances, 220 Throop St,, Wood- stock Gieitz, Margaret E., 816 Taylor St., Joliet (Illinois) 273 Gillespie, Oren F., Washington School, Cen- traha Gliatto, Julia H , 6651 N. Artesian Ave., Chi¬ cago 45 " Glomski, Hyacinth M , 5251 George St, Chi¬ cago Glynn, Will, Weldon Gordon Claude T, Hawthorne School, 2310 S. 57th Ave., Cicero 50 R osl i n * 211 S - Grand West, Springfield Gratff, Albert R., Livingston Gray, Dr, William S M Cept. of Educ., Umvei- sity of Chicago, Chicago Gumm, Mrs. Hazel Ott, 1000 N Dearborn St. Chicago Gurley James G., 309 S. First St., Dundee Hall, Bertha M„ 1811 12th St., Rock Island Hall, Jonas C , Columbia School, Peoria 5 Hammer Kenneth S , Center School, Morris Hampleman, R. S., Grade School, Dist. 73, Freeburg Hancock, J. Leonard, Goethe School, 2236 N. Rockwell St., Chicago tHannan, Grace, 1209 Astor St, Chicago 10 Hanneken, Clemens B, Union Grade School, Tuscola tHansen, Herbert C., Dir. of Life Membership Div., Dept, of Elem School Prm., Natl. Educ. Assn., 1045 N. Lockwood Ave, Chi¬ cago Harding, Helen, 1940 Sherman Ave., Evanston Harding, J Weston, 2316 N. University, Peoria Harms, Willis O , 201 W Corrlngton, Peoria 5 Harris Vera G , 312 S. C St , Monmouth Hwshbarger, Leslie P , 220 Sibley Ave , Kanka- Hatfield, Margaret G., Box 176, Bluffs Hatfill, Harlie A , Worden Hathaway, Harold C.. 628 Kensington Ave„ Mt. Vernon Hauser, Dr. L. J , Supt of Schools, Riverside Hawley, R. C„ Supt. of Schools, Marseilles Hayes, Margaret A., 6715 S. Ridgeland Ave, Chicago 49 Healy, Veryl, 312 W. Eureka St., Champaign Hedberg, L. C., 1509 Center St , Des Plaines Helling, Arthur G.', Emerson School, Maywood Henson, Clarabelle, Cossitt Avenue School, La Grange Herr, Ross, 3452 Drummond PI , Chicago 47 Hesselbaum, Caroline, E., 1637 Oriington Ave , Evanston Hicks, Elvis L., 2305 Arthur Ave , Chicago 45 Higgins, Harry H., 103 S Jackson, Palestine Hindman, R. R., Supt. Cons. Dist. 112, Gor- ham Holloway, L B,, Supt. of Schools. Sullivan Holmes, Agnes Jane, Woodbine School, Cicero Holmes, Gilbert, 611 N. Vine St , Sparta Honne, Roy C., 137 W. 108th PI, Chicago 28 Howland, Mary E., 5415 S Union Ave., Chi¬ cago 9 Hufford, G. N, 153 S, Ottawa St,, Joliet Ivie, Otis F.. Odell Jackson, William E., 4844 Vincennes Ave., Chi¬ cago 15 Johnson, E. Victoria, Logan School, Belvidere Johnson, Edith I., 901 Elmwood Ave., Kewanee Johnson, Esta D., 315 Jackson Blvd,. Oak Park Johnson, Stella M„ 1730 W, 102nd St., Chi¬ cago 43 Jordan, Wilma, Columbia School, Elgin Josephson, Victoria, 46 W. 15th St., Chicago Heights tKaar, Mrs. Galeta M., 2143 Hudson Ave., Chicago 22 Kalmon, Mrs. Sadie K., 6200 N. Kenmore Ave., Chicago 40 Kannmacher, Bertha M„ North Side School, Marshall Kara, Stephanie, Harding School, Posen ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS 274 ( Illinois ) tKauffman, Merle M , Andrew Cooke School, Waukegan Keas, De Lloyd W., Riverside School, Decatur Keener, Edward E . John Hay School, 1018 N. Laramie Ave., Chicago Kennedy, Dale, Supt, of Schools, Smithfield Kimes, Myrtle E., 4ll S. Columbus St., Streator Kimmel, Dorothea, 510 N Main St, Naperville Kisch, Gertrude, 2519 Ridge Ave , Evanston Koehler, Earl L., 120 N. Columbia St., Naper¬ ville Koy, Arnold C., Grand Ave., Gurnee Krell, L. H., Elemental School, Winchester Knpner, Mrs. Louise K., 6534 Stewart Ave., Chicago 21 Kroeger, Florence R , 415 Anthony St , Glen Ellyn ~ A., 209 W. Second St., Dawes, East Prairie 628 McAllister Ave, Kruger, Irene B Geneseo Lagomarsino, Marian School, Skokie Lambie, George H., Waukegan Landis, Harry H , Franklin School, Peoria Lang, Dr Charles E , Dist. Supt., 2819 W 21st PL, Chicago 23 Lanning, Mrs. Bpssie C , 608 Randolph St,, Oak Park Lange, C E , 3875 N Sheridan, Peoria fLana, Anna D., 4840 Washington Blvd , Chi¬ cago 44 Larimore, Leona E, 431 N. Catherine, La Grange Larson, Irene M., 719 Buckbec St., Rockford Lauck, Lawrence F., 120 N. Channing St, Elgin Lester, Mary M.. 1548 Park Ave., North Chi¬ cago Liddil, F R , 7005 N. Ridge, Chicago 45 Lite, V. Deacon, Arm and Bernan Sts , Peoria 6 Lino, Frank D , 1649 Jarvis Ave., Chicago Liska, Josephine, Barry School, 2828 N, Kilbourn Ave., Chicago 41 Lofdahl, Leslie C , 204 Oak Knolls Ave., Rock¬ ford 2334 W 121st Pl„ Blue Roosevelt School, Maywood 1330 State St., Alton 9648 Vanderpoel Ave , Chi- Longfield, Clara A , Island Luhtala, Viona H , tMack, Helen A , Maddock, Alice E., cago 43 Magan, Isabel L , 8045 Kenwood Ave , Chicago 19 Magner, Daniel J , 8004 S Green St., Chicago 20 Maguire, Irene. Cook School, 8150 S. Bishop St, Chicago 20 Mallach, Margaret, 829 W Poplar, Taylorville Mandeville, A Dorothy, Box 41, Winnebago Marlat, Mabel L , Community School, Strawn Marquis, Norwood, Bernan School, Quincy Marsh, Charles L., Peterson School, 5510 N. Christiana Ave , Chicago 25 Martin, Ernest, Box 226, Bethany 1 Martin, Keith, 334 S Lincoln Centralia Mason, Grace S., 640 Woodland Park, Chi¬ cago 16 McClain, Beulah M., 708 N. Central Ave , Paris McCormick, Drucilla, 1921 ljy 2 St , Rock Island McDonald, J, W., Elementary School, Moose- heart McMahon, Mrs, Edna T., 10431 S. Hamilton Ave .Chicago 43 1 McSwain, Dr. E. T , School of Education, Northwestern University, Evanston Mercer, H. J , 121 Broadway, Peoria Meyer, Charlotte, Public School Office, Decatur Meyer, T. W , 915 N Jefferson, Peoria 3 Miller, John L.. West School, Waukegan Miller, Lester H„ Central School, Normal Miller, Ross M, 110 N. 16th St, East St Louis Minogue, Mildred, 612 Ridge Ave,, Evanston Misner, br. Paul J., Supt. ol Schools, Glencoe Mitchell, Etheiyn j , Lincoln School, Elgin Morehouse, Zella, Maple Avenue School, Down¬ ers Grove Mooberty Everett, Reservoir School, Peoria Morris, Emmet, Irving School. Maywood Morris, Lee M., Signal Hill School, East St Louis Morstrom, Mrs. Lois C , 6940 Cregier Ave. Chicago 49 Mulroy, Mary D., 7355 Jeffery Ave,, Chi¬ cago 49 Murgatroyd, M. Jane, South Jacksonville School, Jacksonville * ♦Murphy, Joseph, 309 Frcdonia St., Peoria Murphy, L. R , Central-Stolp School, Wilmette Murphy, R. R , Melrose Park School, Melrose Park Nelson, Camilla, Rt. 3, Princeton Neubauer, Wilson O., Kosuth Avenue School, New .Baden Newman, Charles C , Supt. of Schools, Mar¬ shall Nickell, Vernon L., Supt. of Public Instruction, 100 Centennial Bldg., Springfield Nyqmst, Alice, 1720 llth Ave., Moline Onlman, A. L., Peoria Heights School, Peoria Heights Paulsrud, Alice, Dewey School, Evanston Paxton, Agnes M., 206Vi E State St, Jack¬ sonville Pearson, Florence M , 1110 Grant St , Danville Pearsons, M. Evlyn, 1031 Dempster St., Evans¬ ton Peck, Mrs Mane Mattocks, 2238 Lincoln Park West, Chicago 14 fPeters, Florentine, Garfield School, Chicago Heights Phelps, Ethel C, 217 S. Mam St, Lombard Phillips, Nelle, Box 246, Pana Pierce, Mrs Pearl, Washington School, May- wood Postel, Harold H , 7731 Paxton Ave., Chicago Prater, John H , Lincoln School, Maywood Primrose, I. W., Irving School, Quincy Quick, J H , Supt of Schools, Elizabeth Quinlan. Frederick F , Supt., Lake Forest Quinn, Helen L., 4650 N Menard Ave , Chi¬ cago 30 Reed, Frederick, Greeley School, Winnetka fReeder, Dr Edwin H,, College of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Reiffel, Mrs Sophie M, 3244 Ainslie St, Chi¬ cago 25 Rcmley, Mrs. Eunice S , 118 La Salle St., Streator Richardson, Mrs. Grace H., 1119 Maple Ave., Evanston Rice, Armeaddie Klamp, 109 S. Division, Du Quoin Rickard, Garrett E , 1315 Rosedale Ave , Chi¬ cago Rigg, Cornne, Lincoln School, Decatur 13 Robinson, John L , Supt of Schools, Wavetly Roth, Lloyd E , Watseka Rowe, Lester E„ 3107 Emmaus Ave , Zion Sanford, Helen M , 1940 Sherman Ave , Evans¬ ton Schilling, Roy O., Washington School, River Forest Schmitt, Marvin J., 639 Lyman Ave., Oak Park Schrodt, Clara J , Rt. 2, Box 193, Mount Carmel Schwendemann, Erma, Woodson Shakmanoff, Mrs Bernice Eddy, 6318 S, Maple¬ wood Ave , Chicago 29 Shaw, Mrs. Mary, 638 Elmwood Ave., Evans¬ ton LIST OF MEMBERS Shea, Mildred F., Peirce School, 1423 Bryn Mawr Ave , Chicago 26 Shoemaker, Bertha, Noyes School, Evanston Shoop, Clarence K , 2731 S. Austin Blvd , Cicero 50 Siefferman, F R., Ridgely School, Springfield Simmons, Mrs Edna W , Burbank School, 2035 N Mobile Ave , Chicago 39 Simpson, Mrs Hilda, Foster School, Evanston Smaage, Leon, Supt, of Schools, Des Plaines Smith, Russell w , Campbell School, East Moline Sodt, Dorothy C , 230 W. Lake St , Barrington Sowers, Mrs H T , Grant School, Streator Sowers, Mrs Miriam, Pearl Sparr, Mrs Jessie S , 424 W Henry, Staunton Spiss, Gladys, Box 155, Fairview Spurgm, William H , 11157 S. Campbell Ave. Chicago 43 Stacy, R N , Dewey School, Quincy Steinmetz, Kathryn E„ 8045 Drexel Ave , Chi cago 19 " ’ Fuller School, 4214 St 2653 N. Mozart St , Chi 1509 E Olive St, Bloom Stoker, Frank W, Lawrence, Chicago Strawe, Walter V., cago 47 Stubblefield, Lucille, ington Stullken, Edward H., 745 N Woodbine Ave Sullivan, J. L., 308 N. Sixth Ave., Maywood Sullivan, Mary M , 6719 Sheridan Rd., Chi cago 26 Summers, Marie, 901 W. Mulberry St, Bloom¬ ington Swing, Lillian M , Hedges School, 4735 Win Chester Ave , Chicago 9 Sylvester, Sister Mary, 8737 Exchange Ave Chicago 17 Taylor, Lilian, 10327 Hamilton Ave., Chicago Thomas, Wayne A , Supt. of Schools, Hign wood Thompson, J M , Supt of Schools, Steward Tierney, Catherine M , 1446 W Garfield Blvd Chicago 9' Tillman, Opal, 516 Lawereqce St,, Barry Uhlir, Arthur, 4221 N Keeler Ave., Chicago 41 Van Valzah, Mrs Audrey D , 208 Michaux, Riverside Wallace, Mrs. Ethel, Flanagan Warner, Bruce C , 327 S Lake St , Aurora Watson, Norman E , 1000 Waukegan Rd , Northbrook Wetherbee, Ralph H., 11725 Perry Ave., Chi¬ cago 28 Wetzel, A. R , Supt of Schools, Galena Wharton, Mildred M., Room 1301, 600 S. Michigan Blvd , Chicago 5 Wierson, Leonard L , Taft School, Lockport Wiley, Flossie, 205 W Elm, Urbana Williams Claude L , 7423 Bennett Ave , Chi¬ cago 49 Williams, Ralph R , 7427 Bennett Ave , Chi¬ cago Williams, Sidney A , Calvin Coolidge School, Peoria 5 Williamson, Mrs Mabel, Lawson School, 1256 S Homan Ave , Chicago 23 Wilson, Mrs. Elizabeth C , 5941 W. North Ave , Chicago fWilson, Irvin A., 4 37 S Stone Ave , La Grange Wilson, O A , Jr , Supt of Schools, Jerseyville Wilson, Phyllis J , Brady School, Aurora Wilson, R Dale, McKinley School, Harrisburg Winegarner, J, Lewis, 6611 W 31st St , Berwyn Winterstein, A F. H , Strasburg Wolff, Milly, Central School, Peru Woodall, Jean, 602 W Pawnee, Taylorville Wright, Mary, 157 E, Court St, Farmington (Indiana) 275 Wright, Roe M, Co Supt of Schools, Robin- son Young Lovisa A,. 13043 Maple Ave, Blue Island Zehr, Ervin L , Glen Oak School, Peoria 5 INDIANA Albright Frank S„ 3509 W, 11th Ave., Gary i Alexander, Mrs Margaret P., 1515 Miami St , South Bend 14 Allen, Mrs. Madeline M, 2714 Paris Ave, Indianapolis 8 Allen, R. Glen, Elm Heights School, Blooming¬ ton Allison, Emma Mae, 2168 N Capitol Ave , In¬ dianapolis Ambroz, Mrs Margaret, 612 W. Washington, Indianapolis Armstrong, Leila, 1210% Maple Ave , La Porte Baldwin, J H., 439 Waltham St., Hammond Bank, Mrs. Gertrude, 24 N. Drexel Ave., In¬ dianapolis Barnett, Mrs Jessie R., 220 E. Eighth St„ Michigan City Bechtold, Emma, 1511 Scott St, La Porte Becker, Ralph, Public Schools Office, Evans¬ ville 8 Bedford, Anna Pearl, 3939 Central Ave , In¬ dianapolis 5 Bell, Mrs Eva H , 856 Woodrow, Indianapolis 8 Bell, Kenneth R., 6044 Kingsbury Dr , Indian¬ apolis JBest, William E., Lincoln High School, Evans¬ ville 13 Bethel, Mrs Nell, Rt. 8 , Box 272 , Evansville Bigham, Mrs. Edith H, 420 S. 15th St, Terre Haute Bingham, H. Beth, 215 E. Third St, Misha- Blackwell, Paul F , Monger School, Elkhart Blue, Lloyd N., 338 S Arlington, Indianapolis Bolin, Marvin L , Rt 2 , Osceola Boothe, Leroy E , 615 S. 19th St , Lafayette Bridgewater, Addorena, School 36, 2801 N. Capitol Ave., Indianapolis 8 Brooks, Elwood E., Box 390, Salem Brooks, Ross, 1015 Taylor Ave , Evansville Brunswick, N. T., 3933 Fern St, East Chicago Bryant, Melville C , Sr , 2588 Madison St„ Gary Burmaster, Rosa M, Washington School, Muncie Buscher, Gertrude, 2928 Park Ave., Indianapolis 5 Bussell, Lyell, 915 W. North St , Muncie Carnes, Mrs Mary I , 2019 N. Tenth, Terre Haute **Carter, Charlotte, 6121 Haverford Ave , Indi¬ anapolis Cary, Mrs. Jeannette S , 2027 Boulevard PI , Indianapolis Casey, Rev John B., 144 W. Georgia St , Indianapolis 4 Cart, Othnzel D„ 915 S Water St. Hobart Chadd, A, R , Supt. of Schools, Anderson Chahfour, Mrs. Jessie B., 958 N Jelferson Ave., Indianapolis Chambers, J. W„ High School, Huron Clark, Mrs. Ada B , 604 E Maple Rd , Indi¬ anapolis Clark, Albert W , 1118 Drackert St., Hammond Clark, Marie, Washington School, Vincennes Clevenger, Harold, 820 N. West St., Crown Coffin, Florence, 1005% Manhattan St , Michi- anapolis 4 Collms, Leona, 1401 S 25th St., Terre Haute Colhns, W. F., Lincoln School, Hammond 276 ( ’Indiana} Combs, lex V„ Elementary School, Fry and Boone Sts, Ft Wayne 7 Concannon, Edna 1., Dresser School, West Terre Haute Cook, Mrs. Irma W , 3338 Brookside Pkwy,, N. Dr., Indianapolis 1 Cook, Maurice J., 323 Oakdale Dr., Ft. Wayne 6 Cook, Raymond 1., 404 Indiana St., Bremen Cox, Dyson W., Grade School, Cumberland Craig, Verna, School 68, 2107 Riley Avc., Indi¬ anapolis Cromwell, Philip R., 720 E. Blackford, Evans¬ ville 13 Cross, Glenn, Garfield School, Richmond Crum, Russel E., 2824 S Hanna, Ft Wayne 3 Crum, Russell, 209 E 12th St., Bloomington ♦Cullen, Ha 2 el, 1520 S. 25th St., Terre Haute Daley, Catherine, 1831 S Webster, Ft. Wayne 6 Dalman, Murray A., 310 W. 43rd St, Indi¬ anapolis 8 Deardorff, Dorothy, 7044 Wicker Ave,, Ham¬ mond De Vaney, Adelaide, Thornton Junior High School, Terre Haute Diggs. Elder W , 1908 Highland PI., Indian¬ apolis Drake. Flora E , 4202 Sunset Avc , Indian¬ apolis 8 Dudley, David, Culver School, Evansville 5 Dugan, Mrs. Belva Jones, 515 Hendricks St. Anderson Dunkm, H. M , 3407 Park Ave , Indianapolis 5 ♦Dyer, Lary E., 719 W. Seventh St, Blooming¬ ton Eckelberry, Noris E., 310 N. Illinois, Indian¬ apolis 4 Eller, Mrs. Lola Stuart, 3615 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis Ellerbrook, L W , University School, Indiana University, Bloomington Elliott, Ernest R , 7208 Oakdale, Hammond Engels, Bernice, 524 Garfield St., Gary Eppert, Geraldine, 5411 Washington Blvd., In¬ dianapolis 5 Evans, George, Columbia School, 1238 Mich¬ igan St , Hammond Evans, Rae, 1908 136th St , East Chicago Farmer, Esther, 1027 Indiana Ave , Anderson Farr, Catheryn M, R.R 5, Box 460, Terre Haute Felton, Clayton E., 715 Forest Ave., South Bend 16 FenogUo, Mafalda, 2300 N 27th St , Tcnc Haute _ Fields, Kenneth I. , Belle Gregg School Rush viile 1 Fields, Thoroa., 1001 Maxinr Dl , It. Wayne 6 Finney, Edna M , 103 Bonsei Apts , Anderson Frsher, George H , 5920 E. St Clair St , Indi¬ anapolis i Flack. Mrs Maude M , School 56, 2353 Col¬ umbus Ave., Indianapolis Flood, Enadna, 1205 Clay St , La Porte Foltz, Elsie, 2427 Garfield Ave , Terre Haute Forrest, Mrs. Edith R , 3540 N. Meridian, Indi¬ anapolis Foster, Grace L , 1231 Roosevelt St., Gary Foster, Nancy L., 5947 Hyslop PL, Hammond Friesner, Mrs Gladys M , Rt. 15, Indianapolis 44 Funk, J. Willard, Rt. 3, Connersville Funk, Olive K , 2301 Park Ave , Indianapolis Fuqua, Blanche E , 654 Oak St , Terre Haute Gadberry, Mrs. Berdie, 2039 N Seventh St., Terre Haute fGalvin, Cecelia, 836 N. Rural St , Indian- _ apolis Genrge, Lcstci, Nicholson School, Richmond Gill. Ida 2526 College Ave , Teric Haute Gorman Ruth, 1241 Park Avc,, Indianapolis > ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Goss, Mm. Jeanne A , 6002 Carrollton Ave Indianapolis ’ Gossett, W, Harold, 111 W Hampton Dr In¬ dianapolis 8 .... Grandstaff, Cecil W., 200 20th, Logansport Gray, Mrs Helen, School 32, 2110 N, Illinois St,, Indianapolis Green, William Embree, 515 W. Oak St., Oak¬ land City Hagedorn, Lois, 238 F-. 12th St, Indianapolis 2 Haley, J. W-, Washington School, Ft. Wayne Hali, L. E., 1219 N. Tuxedo St , Indianapolis Hall, Mrs. Leone H , 621 Middle Dr., Wood ruff PL, Indianapolis 1 Halloran, Mona, 2401 Mariposa Ave., Terre Haute Hamill, Florence, 1231 S, Illinois St., Indian¬ apolis Hamilton, Otto T , Oaklandon Hammond, Frank H., Lafayette School, Ham¬ mond Hampton, Claude L,, 1558 S Jackson St., Frankfort Harrell, Horace H., Hunter School, Blooming¬ ton Harris, C, M., Franklin School, South Bend Haverstick, Harriet, 1506 I.ogan St, Noblesvillc Hayes, George L., 819 N California St, Indi¬ anapolis Heady, Mr; Veruah / , Crawford School, Teirr Haute Helms, H. L , Rt. 14, Box 494, Indianapolis 44 fHendricks, Clyde W.,' 916 Jackson St, Ft Wayne 2 Hendrickson, Orvel, Mars Hill School, 2702 Foltz St , Indianapolis Hendrickson, Ray P , 1808 W. Franklin, Elk¬ hart Herbst, Frieda, 966 N. Belleview PI, Indi¬ anapolis 8 Hild, Gertrude M., 601 S. Eighth St, Terre Haute Hill, Adah M., 3444 N Pennsylvania St., Indi¬ anapolis 5 Hinshaw, Clavis J , Cicero Hoke, Lucille M,, R.R. 4, Vincennes Hollar, Floyd W., East Ward School, Warsaw Holmes, R, W., 1717 S. Main St, Kokomo Honnold, Opal, 236 S. West St , Tipton Hoover, Charles O., 1804 S Armstrong, Kokomo Hopkins, Lowell, 200 N.W. Seventh St, Evans- ville 8 Hoppes, R Clyde, Chili Avenue School, P eru Horton, Ellis, Dunkirk Hoverstock Gertrude, 219 N Second, Elkrurt ■•■Howard, George E . Box 43, La Porte Howe, J. Edwin, 423 S Grand Ave , Evansvillr Hudson, Mrs, Henrietta W , School 73 4101 E 30th St., Indianapolis 1 Humphreys, Grace S., Stokes School, Lebanon Hunt, Margaret, Payne School, Franklin Hutchinson, C E , 2017 E. Elm St., New Albany Hutchison, William, Fair Oaks Ivey, Edna M., 4215 Alder St , East Chicago Jackson, Clarence E., Bit. 14, Box 253-F, Indi¬ anapolis , , James, Emory A., 1306 Finley St, Indianapolis Johnson, A D., 2006 S. Elm, Muncle Johnson, Mrs Hazel Bates, 2709 Highland PI , Indianapolis , Johnson, W B„ 1261 King Ave., Indianapolis 8 Jones, Mrs Rosa A , 4804 E 30th St , Indian apolis 1 Jones, Sara, Fowler Schools, Fowler Juigcnscn, Helen, Parrish School, Hammond Karns, J oren V, Rt I, Nnitli Manchester Keller. Mabel, Sl1ilm-‘I 70, 1 C* L I6lh bl , Indianapolis LIST OF MEMBERS Kelley, Mrs. Harriet C., 1401 S. State Ave , Indianapolis 3 Kelley, Clarence E., 814 S. Tenth St , La- favette Kelly J '0 , 602 Sycamore St , Columbus Kennedy’ R. C., 1325 S. Buckeye St , Kokomo Kenworthy, Loyd L., 2915 Iowa Ave , Conners- Kimber, Mrs Grace W , 1240 W. Ray St, In¬ dianapolis 3 Knowles, Mrs. Jeannette B., 85 N. Holmes Ave., Indianapolis Lacey, Mrs Georgia H., Rt. 14, Box 217-G, Indianapolis _ _ , , Lamb, Herbert, Asst Supt , Vigo Co Schools, 639 Chestnut St , Terre Haute Lam b, Mary L , 411 Walker St , Michigan City ♦Lancaster, Freda Jane, Bloomingdale School, Ft. Wayne 7 Langell, Katherine, 227 W. 11th St , Anderson Langford, Mrs Ruby A., 546 W 28th St , Indianapolis Fanning, H. O , 401 Alameda Ave , Muncie Larimer, John E , 821 S. Eighth St, Goshen Larimer, Otis, Hawthorne School, Elkhart Lasko, Clara L , Long Beach School, Michigan City Lautenschlager, Harley, Miner School, Ft Wayne 6 ILemme, Carl W, 1870 Bayard Palk Dr., Evansville , , , _ tLenon, E M , Columbia School, Evansville Lewis, Mis Lillian W., 1601 E. Tenth St , Indianapolis 1 „ _ , „ Linville, Ray B , 714 Hitt St , La Fayette Lockey, Dons, Franklin School, Gary Lotze, Amanda, 1115 S. 17th St., Terre Haute Lucas, Dale W., 1671 Spy Run Ave, Ft W a y ne 3 ♦Lykins, Charles E , Lincoln School, Muncie Mahoney, Agnes, 4227 Broadway, Indianapolis Maier, John V , Wilson Junior High School, Muncie Malone, Julia, Lincoln School, South Bend Maibury, Mrs, Vivian I„ 412 W. 26th St., Indianapolis 8 Marsh, Esther, 11 E Portland Ave, Vincennes Matthews, John V . 308 E. Jefferson, Columbia ♦McCarty, Adelaide, 3444 N. Pennsylvania, In¬ dianapolis McClelland, Mary, 1608 Fruitdale Ave , Indi¬ anapolis McClure, Byrl, 2110 N New Jersey St , Indi¬ anapolis McCormick, Albert T,, R.R 1, Milton McCoy,,Ginevra, 974 West Dr , Woodruff PI , Indianapolis McCullough. Lena, Weldele 5chool, Terie Haute McCutchan, J. B., Harwood School, Evansville McDougall, Effie, Whittier School, 12th and Sterling, Indianapolis 1 McGinty, Agnes, 125 S Fifth St., Clinton McHale, Mrs. Ethel, Washington School, Gary ♦McLaughlin, Dorothy C., 2 Ruth St., Ham¬ mond McSwane, Harold, Justin N. Study School, Ft. Wayne 6 Merklein, Mollie C., 6411 Moraine Ave,, Hammond Milanovich, Anthony, 58 S 16th St., Richmond Miller, C. V, Rt. 11, Box 332-D, Indianapolis 44 Miller, Edgar, Rt, 5, Crown Point Miller, F D , 1706 S Webster. Kokornu Mitchell, Madie, 702 Union, Indianapolis Mitchell, Omer M., Blaine School, Muncie Mitten, George W, 3905 Kenwood Ave., Indi¬ anapolis Montague. Wallace, School SO, 920 E. 62m,l St., Indianapolis (Indiana) 277 Moore, Mrs. Olive, 2316 E Walnut St , Evans¬ ville Morgan, Mary E , 717 E. <8th St, Indianapolis tMorris, John M., 925 Nuttman Ave., Ft. Wayne 6 Morriso n, E L , 313 Sunnyside Ave , Aurora Moser, WilLiam Paul, 109 S Elm St., Jefferson¬ ville Murfin, Mark, Fairview School, Richmond Neff, Eldon J , 205 New St., Hobart ♦fNegley, Samuel M , 23 S Downey, Indi¬ anapolis Nelson, Arnold K., 195 N. Shortridge Rd, Indianapolis Nessler, Augusta, 1034 N. Tacoma Ave , Indi¬ anapolis l ♦Nicholson, Guy, Daniel Wertz School, Evans¬ ville 15 Nolcox, Matthias, 2866 Highland PI , Indian¬ apolis Norman, C. Harvey, 1Q02 S Brady St , Attica Norris, E. L , 3331 Guilford Ave., Indianapolis Norris, Max H , R R 4, Box 730-B, Indian¬ apolis 44 Northcott, Lincoln, 1350 Wmton Ave , Speed¬ way Nugent, Muret E , 765 S Ninth St., Noblesvillc O'Bryan, Eugene. 1606 E Vermont St , Indi anapolis O'Dell, Violette, 130 N Second St , Elkhart Orear, Ethel L , 617 E. Main St , Lebanon Orr, Mis Mildred B., 5347 College Ave., Indi¬ anapolis 5 Ostheimer, George F., R.R. 11, Box 289-N, Indianapolis 44 Page, Lawrence A , Henry Reis School, Evans¬ ville 11 Perry, H A , 1047 N Kennedy, Kokomo Pesavento, Irma, 506 N Seventh St., Clinton Petro, Kenneth, Roosevelt School, Muncie Phipps, Laura E., McCulloch School, Ft. Wayne Pitman, Dorsey F , 702 Catterlin St., Frankfort Pittenger, Avice, Rt. 3, Muncie Plasket, Joseph H , Hamilton School, Ft. Wayne 5 Pollock, Donald, 912 Lillian St , Hobart Popp, Freda M , 4453 Central Ave , Indian apolis 5 Powers, Mrs Esther,. 3705 Graceland, Indian apolis 8 Price, Hugh W:, Central School, Mt. Vernor Price, Maude J , 3025 N Meridian St., Indi anapolis Ramey, Belle, 718 H 34th St , Indianapolis IRankin. Mrs Vivian Sowers, 144 Buckingham Dr,, Indianapolis Ray, Mrs Mary 5 School 60, Indianapolis Reimold, Cnssie E,, Henry Studebaker School South Bend Rentschler, Mrs. Cora, 5451 E. Tenth St Indianapolis Reynard, Mrs. May, Kaley School, South Bene 19 Rhodes, Ruth M., Wallace School, Hammont Riker, _ Jeanette, 1535 Central Ave,, Indian apolis 2 Riley, Herman M., 4066 Boulevard PI , Indi anapolis 8 Robb, Mrs Ins F , 1920 H St, Bedford Robbins, Pauline, State Street School, Hunt ington fRobertson, O Dale, Franklin School, Ft Wayne 7 Rochelle, Dr Charles E„ 1173 L. Indiana St Evansville fRohrcr. Basil E , 823 Jackson Ave , Evans villc 13 Hunk, Maiy t., 3630 N. Mcudian, Indianapoli 8 278 (j Indiana ) elementary school principals 1002 E. Lewis St , Ft. 3755 Rockville Rd., Rosbrugh,^ Mrs. Ethel. 627 Portage Ave., South Rost, Mrs. Georgia S,, 5612 Winthrop Ave , Indianapolis Russell, Jessie C , 111 E. 16 th St., Indianapolis Salmon, Flossie E,, 505 Walnut St , Petersburg Sarfaer, Harold O., 1504 E. Beardsley, Elkhart Scott, Elizabeth H., 3025 N. Meridian, Indi¬ anapolis Seigle, Dorothy M , Wayne 4 Shadley, Madison T Indianapolis Shaffer, R. D„ Supt of Schools, Muncie •Sherwood. Hollace C , Burris School, Mitchell Shew, Sarah Rue, Universal Shirley. Mrs Edith, School 1, 3614 E. 36th St , Indianapolis 4 Shockley, Mrs. Eva M, 115% S. Ninth St., Richmond Smith, Amos V , Oaklandon Smith, Lloyd N., Indiana State Teachers Col¬ lege, Terre Haute Soules Gertrude F , 24 S. 20 th St., Terre Haute Spice, Mary E , 2303 Brown St., Anderson Spradley, Narl A , 902 N. Weinbach Ave., Evansville 14 Spuller, Paul. 4518 Wilmette Ave., Ft, Wayne Stafford, Laurence T., 4702 Kenwood Ave. Indianapolis Mabei, 430 W Mam St. Richmond otahl, Edgar A., Greenwood School. Terre Haute St C n iH f0rd ‘ ?• W . 120 Beverly Ct., Michigan Standiford, Myrtle C,, 413 N. Mam St , Rush- viile Stump Merlin B , Rt 15, Box 468, Indian- apolis 44 SU Bend ek ^ Mmtlle M 1 312 E ' DonraQ V er . South Sullivan. Marie, 1040 N Delaware, Indian¬ apolis 2 Summers, Helen, 624 Martin St.. Lieonier Sunthimer, Charles E., 5505 Gulled Ave., Indianapolis 5 Sweeney, H E 1721 Charles St , Lafayette •Switzer, Charles Z, 1014 Brown St, La¬ fayette teff t ena D ii n } h 20th St , Indianapolis Terrell, Homer H., 609 E Morgan St, Martins¬ ville Thomas, Alice Cary, 3922 New Haven Ave. Ft Wayne 4 * Thomas, Charlotte C, 307 Lincoln, Indianapolis trhomas. E Glenn, Amboy 2,28 E ' Cl "" dl '‘ Thompson, Rose H., 2824 Boulevard PI , Indi- an apolis 8 Thornburgh John W, 5210 Central Ave Indianapolis •’ vin^ri' C ^ C , e ’ Harrison School, Vincennes V Haute * NelS ° n Rm McKeen s c ho oL Terre V Kl£* 0 rk - H - w - S Uaic, SI. Vice, Mrs Mae, 416 W Mam St , Muncie Vinson, Cecil, 1229 S. Eighth St , Terre Halte ^napohs 1 ’ LaUfa ’ 2 La > man Av <= , Indi- Waldo, Mrs Helen Riley School, Muncie Walker, John S McKinley School, Muncie Wa terf u ln ° ld ^ ‘ Jefferson School, Muncie Wa ers, Herman G., 328 Kinsey St . Richmond Walters, Lee. ms S Webster St , Kokomo Wayne r 6 nCe A " 2612 Wa 7 n ^ood Dr , Watson, Mozelle, E. Eighth, Box 14, Mich,gar, Webster Maran 680 Water St.. Hobart A1 ] en . 1-mcoln School, Elkhart Tatlf 1 ™ D ‘ 1141 Bdmont Ave - South Wheeler. Mrs Edna Brier, 3909 State St Rt 1, Box 23. Indianapolis * Whitaker, H. E., 1706 W Wyoming St., Indi anapolis 3 * 1101 Whitehorn Nettie, R R. 8. Columbus Whither, C. Taylor, 450 Cleveland St, Gary W ? ie oh S 2 CnC S ” 2035 N ' Mmd,an . Indian Wi Fes, Eva Y.. 528 N Central Ct, Indianapolis Williams M, O., 120 N. Vine St, Plainfield WiLson, Flora A.. 314% W. Main St., Craw . fordsville •Wilson, John W„ 1525 S. Indiana Ave Xokomo ‘ Wilson, Reba M., 904 W Sixth St , Anderson W'tham Lewis F., 246 Oakwood St, Hammond Witt, Mrs. Elizabeth R„ Calvin Kendall School, Tenth and Wallace, Indianapolis Wright, Dr. Wendell W„ Dean, Junior Di ,„, visi0 , n > Indiana University, Bloomington Wyand, Ralph B., 300 S. Washington, Dan¬ ville Young, I Charles, Clayton School, Marion Youngman, Charles W , 60 Kenmoie Rd . Indi anapolis 1 Zedekar, James L., Emerson School, Muncie IOWA Aarvig, Bertha O , 1234 Second Ave , N , Ft Dodge Aheam, Bess, Emerson School, Waterloo Anderson, Eleanor, Dodge School, Council Bluffs Anderson, Erma, Perkins School, Pcs Moines Andrews, Harry O., 608 N. A St., Oskaloosa Ann, Sister M. Gertrude, O S.F , Briar Cliff College, Sioux City Ayer, M. Dorothy, 2 Park PL, Keokuk Bell, Ada E , 933 Bank St., Webster City Bethel, Hoi lie, 216 N 34th St., Council Bluffs Beverley, Florence, Longfellow School, 416 Lincoln St , Waterloo Bjorklund, Mrs. Ethel, 25% S Fred, Oelwein Blanchard, Kathryn, 1226 48th St, Des Moines 11 Bloom, Nellie R , Park School, Harlan Bregman, Henry, Fulton School, Dubuque Brodeen, Mrs. Helen, 1618 Smith St , Burling¬ ton Bures, Henriette, 1816 Seventh Ave S E., Cedar Rapids fCampbell, Isabella J , Garfield School. Cedar Rapids Carlson, Evelyn M , Beardshear School, Ames Carter, W. Monroe, Hayes School, Davenport Cartwright, Lottie, 305 E. State St , Marshall¬ town fChidester, June, 301 W Washington St , Fairfield Christian, S A , Washington School, Keokuk Coates, Rheda, Perkins School, Burlington Coon, Hazel E , 14% First St S E , Mason City Crumrine, Jeannette, 416% Western Ave , Waterloo Currens, Jean, Lincoln School, Cedar Rapids Davis, Emma Jane, Kirkwood School, Iowa City Dekker, Marion, 766 Warden Apts , Ft. Dodge De Kock, H C., Supt. of Schools, Tipton Dickerson, Blanche, 809 S Fifth St , Perry Dietericli, Hilda, 521 Seminary St , Dubuque Donohue, Marjorie, 516 12tll St SE, Cedai Rapids list of members (Iowa) 279 Dnnawav Dorothea, Franklin School, Hampton Eckstein, Catherine, 1558 Bever Ave. S E , Cedar Rapids _ , , , , Edwards, Ada H , 305 E, Broadway, Fairfield faint, Agness, 808 W, Second, Waterloo Ferry’, Margaret, Ida Grove Finch. Bertha O , 3900 Sixth Ave , Sioux City Ford, Margaret, 303 South D St Fairfield Frager, Hattie, Irving Bldg., Marion Frank, Emily, Luther College, Decorah Frary Marion B , Lincoln School. Burlington Frey,’Augusta M, 1226 Rhomberg Ave., Du- Friederfchsen, Lillie, 403 Grandview Ave., Mus- Funk' n C E , 302 N Madison, Bloomfield Gardner, Alice, Flint Hills School, Burlington Garrett H L., Grant Shool, Waterloo Grant, Mrs Hazel Z , Hawthorne School, Inde¬ pendence _ Griffin, Vera L , 214 E Pleasant St , Maquo- Gritzner, Florence, Hayes School, Cedar Rapids Grupp, Mrs Mabel B , Lincoln School, Water- Haggen, Sarah, Biltwell Apts., Ft Dodge Hall, Ethel, 21 N" Georgia, Mason City Hall, Mary E , 1600 Willson Ave , Webster City Hansen, C Arthur, Supt of Schools, Clearfield Harrington, Dorothy Q , 204 First Ave. N.E., Oelwein Hatten, Ruth M , Roosevelt School, Perry Hayes. Fern A., 766 Warden Apts , Ft. Dodge Hayes, Leslie M , Supt., Iowa School for the Blind, Vinton Heathershaw, Mae, S W. 21st St and Stanton Ave , Des Moines 15 1033 Melrose Ter , 117 Richard St , Iowa •♦tHelbig. Esther F . Dubuque -fHensleigh, Albert D , City Hill, Raymond, Tyler School, Cedar Rapids Hixenbaugh, H C., 804 Haynes Ave . Center¬ ville Hogan, Rachel, 317 N Ninth St , Ft Dodge Horgen, Gladys, Box 153, Decorah Horn, Dr Ernest, State University of Iowa, Iowa City Howard. Clara May, 123 N. Adams St , Osceola Howard, Madiline, 111 Fifth St. S.W., Waverly Hoyman, W. H., Supt. of Schools, Indianola Johnson, Bess R , Smouse School, Des Moines Kauphusman, Marie V . 431 Fifth Ave S , Clinton Keane, Eva M , 1118 Center PI , Dubuque Kerrigan, Elizabeth, 1216 Scott St , Davenport Kilims, Doris E., 304 McGee Ave , Council Bluffs Kirlin, Vernon L , 606 S Fifth St, Oskaloosa Kistler, Gladys H., Storm Lake Kitch, R L., 456 Burton St., Sioux City Knodle, Mary E , 220 First St N E , Hampton Kobtr, Mane, 2 S Adams, Mason City Laing, Otto B , Supt. of Schools, Algona Lamar, Elizabeth Lee, Bryant School, Sioux City Lane, Zelda, Saunderson School, Burlington Launtzen, A. E , Co. Supt. of Schools, Algona Lester, Miriam L , Supvr., East High School Bldg , Waterloo Lightfoot,' Lorene, 2640 Cottage Grove, Des Moines 11 Lindsley, Clyde T., Johnson School, Cedar Rapias Loban, Myra E , 349Vt Vine St , Waterloo Loban, R Lucile, Lafayette School, Waterloo Malony, William N , Bloomer School* Council March, Lucile. Floyd School. Sioux City 19 Marlin, Martha. Bryant School, Dubuque McArthur, Jessie L , 700 W. Mam St, Cherokee McCall, Flossie P-, 524 First Ave E , Newton McFarland, Mrs Lucille, Gtick School, Marsh¬ alltown McKitrick, Clara, Irving School, Waterloo McMurray, Ida, 114 'NT Second St , Marshall¬ town Meek, Margaret, Leon Meneough, Frances, Byron Rice School, Des Moines 10 Meredith, Reva Zoe, 515 N. Fourth Ave. E., Newton Miller, Jennie H , 503 W 12th St. S , Newton Miner, Myrtle B , 1411 Sixth St , Perry Moorman, Mrs Etta, Grimes School, 804 Wal nut St., Burlington Morgan, Doris M , 2404 Forest Dr, Des Moines 12 Nau, Mrs. Helen G.. Sunnyside School, Bur¬ lington Nelson, Almeda G , Victoria Hotel, Des Moines Nelson, Nanna, 1816 Fifth Ave. S E., Cedar Rapids Nielson Christina E., Lincoln School, 732 11th Ave S., Clinton Nodland, Marvin T , Box 1557, Sioux City 8 Olson, Lillian B , Box 173, Spencer Osborn, Edward E , 507 S. Fourth Ave. W., Newton Othmer, A Marea, Garfield School, Muscatine Parker, Clyde, Supt. of Schools, Cedar Rapids Patterson, Edith E , 2005 E. -29th St., Des Moines 17 Pease, C. I„ 2605 47th St., Des Moines 17 Peterson, Edna L E., 1618 E 13th St , Des Moines Peterson, Evelyn, Dir of Elem. Educ, East High School Bldg., Waterloo Phillips, Ruth, 1400 Second Ave. S.E , Cedar Rapids Pogge, Lucile G , Van Burep School, Cedar Rapids Pritchard, Ruth B , 2801 Grand Ave, Des Momes 12 Putnam, Kathryn, 115 Platner St., Council Bluffs Raich, Carrie, 824 N. 12th St, Keokuk Ridgeway, Grace, Asst. Pnn , Douglas School, Des Moines Rownd, Nellie M , 1113 W, 23rd St., Cedar Falls Ryan, Grace M,, 1265 Langworthy Ave, Dubuque Schindhelm, Margaret M., 218 E. Market St, Iowa City tSchroeder, Elsa, 865 Rose St, Dubuque Scott, Eva B . 108 Kirk Apt, Mason City Seavy,_ Donald, 534 S. Clark 5t, Iowa City Shepoiser, Lawrence H., Supt. of Schools, Inde¬ pendence Skovlin, Mrs Blanche D , 22 N Adams Ave , Mason City_ Smithey, Annie, 1400 Second Ave S E., Cedar Rapids Snell, Mrs. Hazel, Emerson School, Marion Spies, Mrs. Edna I , Dixon Spitzer, Dr. Herbert F., University Elementary School, Iowa City Spooner, E. Lucile, 405 S. 12th St,, Centerville Sprague, Ina L„ 1132 Elm St., Grinnell Steimetz, Anna M., 2175 Rosedale Ave., Du¬ buque Stephenson, W. D,, 427 Lane St., Waterloo Strahan, Jenna, Taylor School, Cedar Rapids Streeper, Mildred, Onslow Taff, Lucy, 412 N, Seventh St., Ft Dodge Tansey, Verne J., 324 Prospect Ave., Waterloo 280 (Iowa) Tapper, Inga B., 343 Forest Dr. S.E., Cedar Rapids Thada, Lillian B., 200 W. Grimes St., Fairfield Thorne, N. Feme, Washington School, Des Moines 15 Toohey Blanche V., 6030 N. Waterbury Rd„ Des Moines 12 Vanderhnden J S Supt. of Schools, Perry Walker, Hazel Pearl, High School, Hudson TWalters, Marjorie, Pres., Dept, of Elem. School Prin., Natl, Educ. Assn,, 325 16th St N.E., Cedar Rapids Moines’ Fi ° rence E * 2600 Kingman, Des Whitenack, Ethel, 10 W. Boone St, Marshall- town Wilcox, Leona, 1916 44th St., Des Moines Williamson, Estella, Box 27, Fairfield Yeaae?’ ao2n 8 ^ efferSOn St "' O^umwa Y cfty^O* ^* 3800 Garrettson Ave,, Sioux Zl Qty 18 D "’ 2208 Grandview Blvd., Sioux KANSAS Adams Alice, Hawthorne School, Kansas City 2 Allen, Lora, 708 S. Catalpa St., Pittsburg Anderson, Melonee, 2115 N. Fifth, Kansas City Anderson, Myrtle, Oakdale School, Salina Barber, L J., Seventh and Main, Shawnee Barcky, Margaret, Frances Willard School, Kansas City Bassett Everett I., Stowe School, Kansas City 2 a *« r " Bluemont School, Manhattan rw^ n / t‘j V '’c Su £f of Schools » Manhattan Bid, T^J- S «™" H '* h &h “‘ R& s 323 E.17th St , Hutchinson City 1 " ^ ade7 "•* H? N. Madison, Junction S®5& H | len A .3015 Parallel, Kansas City Par”’ Ferman . N * Lenexa School, Overland Boughton Nell F. 718 Union, Emporia BrjTp/'p C 'n “'t f 28 j ■ Spruce, Wichita Briggs, P. O., Lakeside School, Pittsburg Brot^rson, Mane, Whitmore School, Kansas Brown, Alma J., 0121 Iowa St., Winfield ucher, Martha, Quindaro School, Kansas City Buenmng Luaie, South Park School, Sa ina Burk, Cjyde, 528 E. Sherman, Hutchinson r^ e - 2718 Lee Ct - Topeka r „ le *rs 1lt * 8 £« 926 Walnut St, Emporia 9 s f ar T., Longfellow School, Wichita 11 Cartwright, Russell, Cleveland School Coffey. Casebolt, Grace, Roosevelt School, Hutchinson Cashmam Lola H., 902 N. Sum, Arkansas ssfiat ns&r- Cron Gerald W., Skinner School, Wichita t' R U t r’ Rooseve lt School, Chanute cT P W L n h \ K< ^ ln ? SchoQl . Kansas City pendeTce A " WasLngton School, Inde^ M bert W T- ?° x 237, Windom Davis, Mapes, L. M. Alcott School, Kansas B?cW aI £i E /, a> Box 453 - R ussell Dmks ’j K^ G'ardml^hooi’ wSf Easley, “ Ed^erton^Dene’ R? ^bT^ar^^Overland Bntz, Aganetha, Hawthorne School, Salma ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Erickson, Anna. Major Hudson School, Kansas Erickson, Esther McKinley School, Kansas Cih, OTehiu * 3821 S: ««' KuSFnS ES C 1 ! \” s b 'ci?°* Mh >'’ > J- School. Estes, Bonnie, 706 W. Fourth St., Coffewdlr -Evans, Myrtle M., Abbott School, Fordyce^ Charles A., 2511 W. 50th St., Kansas An 5 a > Emerson School, Wichita 5 Fultz, Mrs Rose, Central School, Pittsburg r^ Cr> M ^ e ,' R ' F £' 2 - Leavenworth 8 Gammon, Dclore Dir. of Eiem Educ, 428 S Broadway, Wichita 2 ’ 8 Glasgow, Mattie M„ 429 N. 17th St, Kansas Gray, Maude 236 N. 18th St., Kansas Citv GiXZ"' w ,f dna - „ 1005 Chestnut, Emporia Parsons’ W * 1U “ H - SupL ° f Schools! Hall, Marguerite, Attucks Schools. Kansas Citv Hanna, Mrs Carrie W„ Stilweil 7 Hardy, Myra, Rt. 3, Arkansas City Hargadine, C. D y Monte 2 uma H land°Park Iabel B ’ Elemental T School, Over- ■ 108 E - i 4th St • Hutchinson J 12 E- Seventh, Newton Hawkins, Mildred, Snow School, Kansas City Heffl S h Nlna, KT 313 Nl Lorraine, Wichita 8 Cty f ‘ NeVa> 226 W ’ Second . Junction Henl nCk T°l?‘ xi ta Hit L Cons - Schodls - Oakley Bmd ^ bn Washington School, Great ^ 6 ar a L Webster School, Wichita h k i d> „ Mor ? e Sch ° o1 Kansas City Hubanks Mrs Estella, 527 S. Hillside, Wichita ' Husser, Juanita, North Broadway School, Leav¬ enworth 1™?- Madaline, Emerson School, Kansas City lnn« S, w- S .M Cl: ’v,^? ncroft Sch ° o1 ' Kansas City \ Bl % 3111 Washington, Parsons Junker, Wilma, Bryant School, Kansas City 5 a J, 1 n n ’ i L L E 'V l 3 , 21 Buchanan St, Topeka TC»nn’lr Beu A ah 'i T Fairfax School. Kansas City Kennedy Opal Jayne, 735 Ohio St. Lawrence Kenton, Lola, Chelsea School, Kansas City Lincoln School, Hutchinson Kinsey, Gladys, 647 Ann, Kansas City Kirkham, Mildred, 936 New York St., Law- rence Khck, Frances N., 1005 W. Mam, Chanute rT™i r ’ Af ene ’c Carfield School, Parsons T am b| CI c ra >r •’ Gould Hotel, Kansas City Lawson, E. M„ 316 Kiowa, Leavenworth Legler, Mrs. Sue Todd, 119 Fourth Ave., -Leavenworth Lm'dkn 9 an A el W ■ 12 °4 Everett, Kansas City Dindhorst, Genevieve, Columbian School, Kans¬ as City Lowe, Harold E., 5637 Wall St.. Merriam Lowe, Jessie H., 915 N. Spruce St , Kingman Lumb, Mark.%349 Medford Ave., Topeka Malcolm, Starry L , 1205 Elm St., Hays Matheis, Louise E., Beloit Matthews, Georgia R., Box 870. Garden City Mayberry, Glenn, Grade School, Harper McConnell, Mabel, Riverview School, Kansas City McCormick, Anna, Bartlett School, Salma McNaughton, Lola, Parker School, Kansas City Meeks, Hazel, 822 N. 17th St., Kansas City list of members Meyer, Mrs. Emma, 614 W. Myrtle, lnde- M$ler> Elizabeth S,, 4132 Rainbow Blvd., Kan- M?Mer^”sfrpora I.. Lincoln School, Kansas City M h Margaret, Bartlett School, Salina M tdielL Ruth, Lowell School, Salina Moore, Floyd V., 1749 §. Martinson, Wichita Moore, Wilmie, 104 E. Sixth, Hutchinson Nelson, Sarah H., John Fiske School, Kansas City , Nelson, Sylvia, 1017 N. Fifth. Atchison Noel, Carroll, Supt, of Schools. Wakeeney Noelf, Pearl, 2403 Broadway, Great Bend Obrien, Dr. F. P„ University of Kansas, Law- Olson* Lillian, Franklin School, Salina Parks Helen Mae, Franklin School, Kansas City Peed ’ Julia A., U4 N. Plum, Hutchinson Pelzel, Helene, 326 S. Yale, Wichita 8 Perkins, Edna K. ; 118 Columbia, Augusta Petit, Susie, Phillips School, Salina Poort, Milton C„ Potwin School, Topeka Porter, Mrs. Caroline W., 1628 Corning, Parsons Rebstem, Clara O , 511 N. Belmont, Wichita 6 Reedy, Mrs Leah Mary, McKinley School, Parsons * Renmck. Hilda, 4009 Eaton, Kansas City 16 Rider, Paul B., Irving School, Wichita Rippey, Winifred C 5618 Walnut, Kansas City Roberts, Grace, Whittier School, Kansas City Robinson, Ella V., 1216 Washington Blvd., Kansas City Scott, Bertha B., 1512 Baker St., Great Bend Shaw, John, South School, Paola Sheldon, E. R , Supt. of Schools, Great Bend Simmons, Hazel Lee, 1646 Barker, Lawrence Singer, Mrs. Mary, Park School, Wkhita 5 Sitler, Bessie. Lake City Smith, Blanch, 1803 S. Joplin, Pittsburg Smith, Wallace, Turner Snyder, Laura, 1345 S. Clifton, Wichita Sparks, Elizabeth A , Central School, Kansas City Statefer, L. G., Rt. 2, Hutchinson Stockhoff, Clara, Bethel Strimple, Orville E . Shorey School, Topeka Tannahill, Myrvillc, 1220 N. Fourth, Arkansas City Thornburg, Mrs Winnie C., 201 S. Chau¬ tauqua, Wichita 8 Tinder, Charles, Avenue A School, Hutchinson 1 Tipton, Mrs. Mabel, 3 N Walnut, Paola Todd, Susan, 2141 Rhode Island, Lawrence Tomlinson, J, R , Lincoln School, Independence Waldron, Mrs. Elsie, 2111 N, 29th St, Kansas City Walker, Vivian, 700 N. Water St,, Pittsburg Watkins, Levi, Douglas School, Parsons Webster, Mrs. Lillian M., . 632 Mississippi St Lawrence Wetlaufer. C P., Highland Park School, Topeka Williams, Ermah C., 724 W. First Ave. El Dorado Wilson, Frank E , Moran Wood«rd, R C., Dir. of Elem. Educ., Junior College, Hutchinson KENTUCKY Allen, Mrs. Robbie B, 239 S. Seminary St., Madisonvtlle Ambrose, Sister, 1731 Edenside Ave., Louisville 4 Anderson, A. E., Robert D. Johnson School, rt. Thomas Barbour, Carl J , 1771 W. Ormsby, Louisville ( Kentucky ) 281 Belcher, E. W., 671 Madlon Ct., Louisville 11 Bennett, Mrs. Mackie E , Center Street School, Bowling Green Blanton, George S., Second Street School, Frank¬ fort Bohlinger. Joseph H., Arnold School, Newport Borgman, Helen, 1314 Highland Ave., Louis¬ ville 4 Bowling, J, D., High School, Hazard Bridges, Russell E., Highlands High School, Ft. Thomas Brown, G. H., 314 Pearl St., Louisville 2 Brown, J. B., 617 High St., Frankfort Brown, William R., Rt. 1, Morning yiew Browning, Mary, Supvr. Kdgn,-Primary Educ , 506' W. Hill St., Louisville 8 Burdette, Pauline, Lebanon* Campbell, Lewis, Weeksbury Chapman, Edith A., 2441 Carter Ave , Ashland Cole, Mary Isabelle, Western Kentucky Teach¬ ers College, Bowling Green Coleman, Mabel L., 633 E. Hill St., Louisville 8 Cooper, D. T., Box 1137, Paducah Cooper, J. Bryant, S. C. Taylor School, 1228 Liberty St, Louisville 3 Cravens, Mary Lee, 519 Griffith Ave., Owens¬ boro Damron, Rediford, Pikeville College, Pikeville Demaree, Ona Belle, 4020 Garland Ave., Louisville Dennis, Lalla, 1600 S Main St. Hopkinsville Drewry, Jewel, 3222 Lexington Rd., Louisville 6 Dunn, D Y., Supt., Fayette County Schools, Court House, Lexington 6 Esch, Bianca, Clark School, Louisville 6 Estes, Kenneth A., 1713 E. 17th St., Owens¬ boro Ewan, Mrs. J. V , Kgnwick School, Lexington Finley, Mrs. Bruetta, 725 S. Fifth, Paducah Fishback, Mrs. James, 210 Burns Ave , Win¬ chester Franklyn, Mrs. Virginia H., 1305 Cypress St , Louisville 11 Gabby, Susan, 404 Rose Lane, Lexington Guthrie, Cora, Eastwood • Haney, Mrs. John F., Box 444, Catlettsburg Hatfield, Herbert L., 307 Kingston Ave , Louisville 8 Heavey, Eliza B , 2427 Glenmarv, Louisville 4 Hopper, Mrs. Lawrence M., Tompkinsville Houston, G. Brisco, 429 Alves St., Henderson Johnson, Sheila, Woodfill School, Ft. Thomas Jones, Thelma W., Beechwood High School, Ft, Mitchell Kelley, Nora S,, I. N. Bloom School, 1627 Lucia Ave., Louisville 4 Lancaster, J, W,, Supt., Garth City School, Georgetown Lents, R. V., Constance Liggin, C. A., 3011 River Park Dr., Louisville Logan, Lillian, 2024 S. Second St, Louisville 8 Lovely, Lucile, 141 Owsley Ave., Lexington 27 Martin, L. Pearl, 121 Adair St, Shelbyville Martin, Ruth, Strother School, 1337 Dixie Highway, Louisville 10 Matthews, Edward H., Auburn School, Auburn Maupm, Audrey, Albany May, J, Truman, Bremen May, Rex Lee, 119 W. 22nd St., Owensboro McCarty, Nettie, Ewing McClure, Hannah H., 504 S. Maple St., Winchester McClure, Mary E,, 2313 W. Jefferson, Louis¬ ville 12 ... McDaniel, Lottie, 1824 S. Main St., Hopkins¬ ville McKee, Josephine, 1522 Edgewood PI, Louis- McLain, Alma, First District School, MaysviHe Mitchell, Mary. 911 Walnut St., Owensboro 282 ( Kentucky ) Moor, Del lard. Consolidated School, Sonora N ^ n be g rn - Mrgnon, 273 E. Maxell, Lexing- Nichols, Mary. Edmonton Owens, Louis Star Route, Perryvdle Pates, jjeanette Ashland School Lex.ng- Eu ^ a „ S-, Bayliss School, Ashland P SUhon ’ Sa ‘ e E * Mcdora S^ool, Valley Pe in k Son Hafry 2115 Ma ^ hnd A «-. Cov- Ph vllie S '3 Vema A " CortIandt Hotel, Louis- teys i , K "^x Scho " 1 ' a Th °"”' ^ nna b ou - R'chelieu ’W'W *'Sd 1 I D n r"''i7 B T“ d ”;7 ri ?>"""= * RuraI Su Pvr., Box (313, tel, DS,nt d “ E >"»- M.pk Avenue wilk«; lrf,™‘V 120 i, B ,4 n e S i- Greenville kinsvIUe ’ 1414 E< Scventh St, Hop- Weaver’ Hden^if ^Beechri Sc t 10 ? 1 l, Cal houn ville Beechmont School, Louis- WeibeY’ J-» Jonesville Will,,,. M«„e M„ 23 . 9 Hale Ave , W R " il ' U Gave School, Withrow, Ada B ru l ton 43 * 446 Chestnut St , Lexing- Wnght, Chloe, Kehoe LOUISIANA Orleans a i U 9 iaine M ’ 3870 Vicks ^S St, New A ham’, 'Daniel S ^ hoo j A1 , exand 7'a New Orleans 19 J ’ 800 N - Rend °n St, OrYea°ns ^ 5625 Ave., New rnaud, A. W., Hoffman School, New Orleans Suit, ^ Vom e MC 4 C 8 T^ Sh — P°* Orleans 15 * 484 ? Chestnut St„ New Becker Ernest 0'®*”'^ Sch °oI. Sulphur Cla,- Orleans^f B '' 2907 Mda » St, New ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS “Si' M “- Ee ™ 1 - at. 2, Box 36K * 8 &« A 3 r M - 3024 s “”"j», fc A ' 3003 Scenic Highway, 0,,,, B T,e.e““' M ' 2421 aighlend Ave, ycTsz^t - 0 - 58,0 v <"">s si, bS."-b*T: SitAr, Bu 6 ! S, J ““ ! A "' 2 « 2 wfeJtV .4 .V“ Ori Sd, ° 01 ’ 2 S'SV.te, *» » .JirfV'AteinS '* 1 ’* »'*«- Orleans t°7 renCe *” 2624 Verbena St " New . err » Boretta R., 721 st PRilm vr Orleans 16 • FJ,,1, P' New DoJl^A^’ „ 6 1 33 c, I ;° yok n Av J c * New Orleans Dupont, Avis J , Dupont School, Rt 2, Cotton- Durand’ l“a U Vl B ° X 4% ’ Houma ^•s^jsaffaaas tFeh^-’ New Ibena New o a rlean^ a i r f ente C ’ 4218 L ° 7 ° Ia Ave - F O n rIeins H ?7 n, ’ a ' 4220 Frankl,n Ave - New ^OrYe’ans 110 !?’ ” 13 Nap ° Ieon Ave - New ? 3 UiJanCe> 703 G°K ef tf r f a T^Ji, 142 Hcrndon . Shreveport cXf’c Katheryn, Box 63, Bastrop G Orleans is 1 ' 6 M * 5121 St - Charles Ave., kw Hanley Agnes, McDonogh School No 23, 719 Harnev P°i t0n 4 Ve * **«" Orleans 18 ’ S J^wl§ ar Jhomy Lafon School, 2916 it- ‘ R °hertson St., New Orleans 15 Hirne! R oy A ._ Napo^ff™ 15 Orleans’ is” 7 H " 2706 DubIln St " New Hughen, Mrs. Ruth Lee, 322 Albany St., Shreveport 20 ’ ’ Tones’ Tnfe, dS a L -, 444 0ck1 ^’ Dr , Shreveport Tones’ ■ A ’ 5 B° ssier St, Natchitoches J Or/eanf is 4 " 1 H ’ 4129 WlIlow St - New Ke Orl’ean? e i8 etl:a ° ’ 2132 Broadwa y- New Kevhn, Zita, 1202 N Dupre St , New Orleans La b Ffe,f; ?*“ F -> Bo 73, «7, Marksville s* st ■ s “" e “* 4 s i-edet, Edna, Box 328, R.D , Raceland list of members [Maryland) 283 1221 Leontine St., Le Jeune, Curby J , Oil Field School, Evangeline Littlejohn, Augusta Pugh New Orleans 15 Tcnee George, 1625 Milton St, New Orleans Marionneaux, P E,, Shady Grove High School, Markey^Ruth, 6038 Canal Blvd , New Orleans Mascara, Ruth, 4722 Venus St„ New Orleans McAuhffe, Katherine, Pllottown McLehany, Willie Belle, 557Vi Merrick, Shreve- P 0rt . , Messelwhite, S A , Oberlin Meyer Elise, McDonogh School No, 28, Esplanade and White St, New Orleans Miller, C C , 125 Sutton Ave , Houma Moore, Loretta, 2038 General Taylor St , New Orleans 15 „ ,, . tMuton, Dalton V , 227 Vermillion Blvd., Lafayette Murphy, Ellen L , McDonogh School No 11, 2009 Palmyra St , New Orleans 19 Norgress, Mrs E R , R D , Box 18-A, Thibodaux Payau, Blanche, 607 Coffin Ave., New Orleans Pellegrin, Lionel O , Maplewood School, Maplewood Perry, C L , High School, Rodessa Pcrsac, Mrs Linme B., 2506 Hundred Oaks Ave , Baton Rouge Peters, Mrs L W , 4556 Vanderbilt Dr , Baton Rouge Petit, Zoe, RD, Box 315, Westwego Pteiffer, Henrietta O , 5640 Dgnphine, New Orleans 17 Poncet, Aimee J , 703 Carondelet St , New Orleans 13 Resweber, L P., Central School, Bastrop Richards, J O , Jr , 2715 Danneel St., New Orleans 13 fRoger, Rita M , 2815 St Claude Ave , New Orleans 17 Roussive, Charles B , 1323 Columbus St , New Orleans 16 Ruffo, Leona B , 2215 Pine St , New Orleans Rugg, L S , Bush Avenue School, Alexandria Runaell, W, C , Elementary School, Jonesboro Russo, Adeline, Box 268, Abbeville Rutledge, J. W, Crosley School. West Monroe St. Dizier, A. J., Central School, Lake Charles Schwertz, Joseph, 1026 St. Ferdinand St, New Orleans Shmault, Mrs. Lena H , Caddo Heights School, 1505 Summers St., Shreveport Short, Alice, Atkins School, Shreveport 25 Snellmg, Vera. 114 Preston Ave., Shreveport Spier, Ruth, East Side School, Bastrop Stafford, T. L, Opelousas Steidtmann, Charles, 1421 Hillary St , New Orleans Strassel, May E , 218 Verret St, New Orleans Subereille, Mrs Anna V , 2479 Verbena, New Orleans tSulhvan, Violet M , 1105 Jefferson Ave , New Orleans ♦Tubre, B., Rosenthal School, Alexandria •Verret, Jesse J,, La Grange School, Lake Charles Vickner, Adele, Higgins School, New Orleans Villarubia, Nelda, 445 Fairway Dr., New Orleans 18 Walker, Calar.the, 919 Marengo St , New Orleans ♦Watson, Genie, 457 Laurel St, Baton Rouge 8 Webb, Bertha, Box 5573, Drew Sta., Lake Charles White, J. Arthur, 4217 Orleans Ave., New Orleans 19 Will, Alma V., 2318 Dublin St, New Orleans 18 ♦Williams, Fannie C . 2121 Annette St , New Orleans 19 Wossman, Julia C , 313 Wood St, Monroe Wright, L Zenobia, 2515 St Philip St, New Orleans MAINE Ambrose, Edward S., 6 Gothic St, South Pans Belleau, Eglantine, Garcelon School, Lewiston Boone, Mary P , 193 North St , Milltown Burke, Sarah T., 23 Pleasant St, Lewiston Cullen, William M , 178 College St, Lewiston Curtis, Mrs Amy M, Patten Holgate, Ruth, 389 College St., Lewiston Holmes, Helena E , 24 Howard St., Lewiston Kent, Mrs Clara A., 105 Richland St , South Portland Mather, Richard B,, Frank C Frisbee School, Kittery Murray, Ruth A , 30 E. Kidder St., Portland 5 O'Brien, Mrs Esther, Freeport Pratt, Mrs Edna L , 15 Bath St Brunswick Purdy, Edna S , 60 Chestnut St, Gardiner Richardson, Edwin W , Rt 2, Waterville Roberts, Wayne E., Redbank School, South Portland Rodick, Albert R , Fairmount School, Bangor Small, Dora L., Roosevelt School, South Port¬ land Soule, Clara L., Room 60, City Hall, Port¬ land 3 Starbird, Myron E , 7 North St, Farmington Stetson, Aimee L , 42 Cumberland St„ Bruns¬ wick Willard, Addle I , 74 Main St., Sanford MARYLAND Adams, Margaret, 5301 Bosworth Ave , Balti¬ more Alder, Grace, 1111 Lexington Bldg, Balti¬ more 2 Alderton, Mrs Loretta P , 8712 Colesville Rd , Silver Spring Andrews, Flora Ethel, Shady Side Anglin, Mrs Mildred L , Riverdale School, Riverdale Arnold, E. Pearl, 4637 Reisterstown Rd , Baltimore 15 Balsley, Nona S , 69 E, Antietam St, Hagers¬ town Bannatyne, Kate, Supv Teacher, Garrett County, Gransville Barlow, Joseph T., 209 Washington Ave , Towson 4 Bean, Harold, Little Orleans Beetham, Martha E , 1254 Woodbourne Ave , Baltimore 12 Betts,_ Mrs. Ella Lee, Upton Street School, Salisbury Biggs, G Marie, Box 42, Jessup Bishop, Elizabeth G., Bishopville Blacklock, Josiah A., 7201 Sparrows Point Rd , Baltimore 19 Blonskey, Lula M , 407 Valley St, Cumberland Bond, Mrs. Margaret E , 3704 The Alameda, Baltimore 18 tBosley, Mrs Elsie D, 640 Regester Ave,, Baltimore 12 Bosley, Estie, Fmksburg Bourke, Jessie S , 106 Homewood Rd , East Lmthicum Heights Bowers, Evan F, Westminster School, West- minster , „ Brain, Earl F , Beall School, Frostburg Broome, Dr. Edwin W., Supt, Montgomery County, Rockville Brown, Edward W., Calvert School, 105 Tus¬ cany Rd , Baltimore 284 {Maryland) Brown, William L, 309 W. Seventh St,, Frederick Browne, Anmlea H,, 138 Fairground Ave., Hagerstown Burdette, Eunice E., 5405 38th Ave,, Hyatts- ville Burdette, Maxwell E , Gaithersburg School, Gaithersburg Carroll, Agnes, 402 Pulaski St,, Cumberland Carroll, James G., School No 10, Hollins and Schroder Sts., Baltimore 23 tCaudill, Miss Thomas Imogenc, 111 Wood St, Frostburg ♦Cleaves Frances M., 221 Howard St., Elkton Cobb, Stanwcod, Country Day School, 17 Grafton St., Chevy Chase Cockran, E. Leroy, Elementary School, Glen- burnie Colip, Louise R., 2904 Bunker Hill Rd,, Mt. Rainier Collins, Mrs Gertrude Rowley, 804 Kentucky Ave., Cumberland Connor, Miles W., Coppin Teachers College, Baltimore 17 Cook, Nellie, 100 Wilson Lane, Bethesda Coursey, Carolyn, Grasonville Crockett, Clara M., School 32, Guilford Ave. and Lanvale St., Baltimore 2 Dawson, Mrs. Veronica P. Lmthicum Dean, Myrtle E., 233 Elder St., Cumberland Delaney, Agnes V., Walbrook School, Balti¬ more 16 Dellone, Augusta, School No, 23, Wolf St, at Gough, Baltimore 31 Dennis, Mrs. Louise M., 2008 Druid Hill Ave., Baltimore 17 Deppenbrock, Audrey R , 3116 Berkshire Rd , Baltimore 14 Dewling, Helen T , School 34, Washington Blvd, and S. Cary St., Baltimore 30 Dewlmg, Ruth E., School 76, Fort Ave. and Decatur, Baltimore 30 Didier. Claudia B., 829 W. University Pkwy., Baltimore Dowling, Nellie F., Hammond Street School, Westernport Evans, William B , Jr., 7425 MacArthur Blvd , Bethesda 14 ♦Ewing, Margaret T., Fort Howard School, Baltimore 19 Fatkm, William, Luke School, Luke Filer, Grace E , West Side School, Cumberland Flake Elizabeth, 445 Baltimore Ave., Cumber¬ land Foltz, Clarence W , Boonsboro Fowble, J Franklin, Chase School, Baltimore 20 Fowler, Mrs Winifred, 814 Chester Ave , Eastport Frantz Merle D Elementary School, Oakland ♦Fugitt, Elizabeth, Center School, Greenbelt Fuller, Althea R , 830 Greene St., Cumberland Ga >?. s .. Ke en O'Boyle, Mullikin School, Mitchellville Gaither, Mrs Katherine R., 12099 Georgia Ave. Ext., Silver Spring Gerbardt, Lillian M , 3811 Barrington Rd , Baltimore Gilds, Franklin S , Umontown School, Union- town Glass, Sarah, Montgomery Arms Apt, Coles- ville Rd., Silver Spring Gloster, Mrs. Florence G , 1522 McCulloh St.. Baltimore 17 Goslee, Royce L,, Preston Gough, Katharine L., Laurel Griftee, Arthur H , Sykesville Griffiths Mrs Ellen, School 225, Maisel and Nevada Sts , Baltimore 30 Gue, Mrs Ruth, Elementary School, Rockville Guyton, M. Ruth, 3301 Belair Rd , Baltimore ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Hammond, Alvcy G., Parkville School, Balti more 14 Harman, M. Helen, Dorsey School, Dorsey Harrison, Edith P., Crumpton Haslup, Mrs Laura K , Burfconsville Hawkins, Elmer T , Chestertown Hazzard, Graycie M., School 120, Robert St and Penn Ave., Baltimore 17 Henault, Airs. Gladys M. ( Upper Marlboro Henderson, Mrs. Elizabeth J., School 126 , Sharp St. nr. Montgomery, Baltimore 30 ’ Henderson, Mrs Roberta H., School 111, Car rollton and Riggs, Baltimore 17 Henson, C. E., Lincoln High School, Frederick Herman, M. Resells, 4000 Chatham Rd, Baltimore 7 Hermon, Helen, 3717 Reisterstown Rd., Balti more 15 Heward, Lillie, Snow Hill Hickman, Mildred, 4328 Van Buren St„ Hyattsville Higgins, Sarah E., Columbia Street School, Cumberland Hill, Mary C., 400 Camden Ave., Salisbury Hoover, L. Mabel, 1771 Homstead St, Balti¬ more 18 Hopkins, Mrs Marguerite E. L., Box 32}, Annapolis Hopkins, Nancy, Gambrills Hutton, Claire, Sherwood School, Sandy Spring Johnson, Mrs. Edna G., 2316 Montebello Ter., Baltimore l4 Johnson, Eldred D., Mount Hays Jones, Jeannette, Box 66, Centerville Jones, Mrs. E. Romaine, 2432 Woodbrook Ave , Baltimore 17 Jones, Martha R , 1514 N. Division St,, Salis¬ bury ♦Jones, Mrs. Rosena C , Main St, Pittsville Kain, Mrs Agnes H., Elementary School, Chevy Chase 15 Kaufman, Gee I., 4703 Decatur St, Edmonston King, Norris A., Elementary School, Essex 21 King, Olive E , Forestville School, Upper Marlboro King, Oliveme C., 131 Bloomsbury Ave., Havre de Grace Lamphiear, Mrs. Louisa W,, Box 37, Glen Dale ♦Larrimore, Mary A , Ridgely lee, Lena K , 1818 Madison Ave , Baltimore 17 ♦Lewis, Frank H , 515 Fairview Ave., Frederick Longndge, Mary M , Jackson School, Lona- caning ow, Mrs John R,, Queenstown Magee, Marie C , 4219 Radgewood Ave., Balti¬ more 15 Manley, John F., 116 Wood St .Frostburg Martin, A. Lee, 7-A Oak Grove Dr., Middle River 20 , „ , . „ Martin, Katherine M , Elementary School, Han¬ cock McCormick, Alice A , Barton McGeady, Loretto, Centre Street School, Cum¬ berland ,, . . McGuigan, Mary J., 1100 Magruder Ave, Baltimore 28 McGuire, Mrs. Rosalie, 2011 N. Fulton Ave, Baltimore 17 , McLain, Margaret D., 5516 Mattfeldt Ave., Baltimore 9 McSweeny, Sister Isabelle, St Joseph's College, Emmitsburg Melvin, Ethel B , School 60, Francis St, Baltimore Michetson, Helen A. E., Elementary School, Edmonston Moore, Mrs. Virginia, Pasadena Morningstar, Mary A , Bartlesville list of members (Massachusetts') 285 Morns, Mary V., School 128, Pierce and Schrceder, Baltimore 25 Morton Mrs Anna, Lmthicum Heights Moss? Margaret Bradley, 146 Prince George St . N«3v af Glendora, Woodhn School, Silver Spring Neels,’ Rolena C, 3401 Parklawn Ave , Balti- NdlfVera, 100 Wilson Lane, Bethesda Norvell, Mrs Nellie, Shadyside Parker, Mrs. Mabel, Glenburnie Payne, Mrs Anne L., 704 Peach Orchard Lane, Baltimore 22 Penn, Mary Ann, Rt. 3, Rockville Powell, Mrs. James F„ Princess Anne Powell, Nellie R , 33 Water St, Frostburg Proctor, William H , 724 N. Carrollton Ave., Baltimore 17 , , , Quick, Alice M , Bradley School, Bethesda 14 Randolph, Madelene O., Box 304, Annapolis Rawlings, Grace, 701 Cathedral St., Balti¬ more 1 Rawls, Mrs. Jessie B , 723 W. North Ave, Baltimore Reidy, Kathryn G., Ager Road School, Hyatts- ville Ricketts, Lulu B , Rt. 3, Rockville Roberts, Clarence J., 2323 Ivy Ave., Baltimore Roberts, Grace £., 4505 Highland Ave., Bethesda Rockwood, Mrs Marion, 610 Sligo Ave , Silver Spring Roland, Elsie Hill, Flintstone “Rose, Mrs. Anna F., Chevy Chase Elemen¬ tary School, Rosemary St. Chevy Chase Satterfield, Martha, Gaithersburg Schimmel, Goldie, 3304 Oakfield Ave , Balti¬ more 7 Schultz, Mary Rosclda, Brandywine Schwanebeck, W. Donald. Monkton Screen, Isabelle, Johnson Heights School, Cum¬ berland Sensenbaugh, James A., Ridgely Rd , Luther¬ ville Shank, Eleanor R , 526 Nottingham Rd , Bal¬ timore Shenton, Mrs. Mary B , School 22, Scott and Hamburg Sts , Baltimore 30 Shires, Dorothy W , Box 725, Cumberland Sloan, E. May, 907 F St., Sparrows Point 19 Smithson, Clara E., 3306 Clifton Ave., Balti¬ more 16 Smoot, Mrs Mildred D , Indian Head Snyder, Mrs Nora M., Clear Spring Somervell, Lillian E., Kensington School, Kensington Soper, Jessie G , Clinton Stabler, Mrs. Mary C., 4328 Clagett Rd., HyattsviIIe Stack, Margaret S., Centerville Storm, Elizabeth A , 706 W. North Ave., Baltimore 17 Stouffer, Mrs. Margaret J., 27 North Ave., Hagerstown Sultzer, Mary F., School 92, Charles and Ostend Sts., Baltimore 30 - Tennant, Anne W , 313 Greene St., Cumber¬ land Thomas, Mary B,, 1307 Division St., Balti¬ more 17 Throckmorton, Edith M , Box 68, Sandy Spring Tughman, Helen G., 708 Wyndhurst Ave., Baltimore 10 Tymeson, Mrs Miriam G., 720 Flower Ave,, Takoma Park Vogts, Leila, Box 345, Aberdeen Waesche, Mrs. Charlotte S., Mitchellville walker, Edith V., Montebello School, Harford -Rd and 32nd St., Baltimore 18 Ward, Lula D., Elementary School, Ridgely Waring, Eleanor B., 168 Green St , Annapolis Warthera, Albert E , Germantown Weems, Mrs Mamie L., Deale School, Deale Wheeler, Joshua R., Dundalk School, Dundalk Whittaker, Rowena L , North End School, Greenbelt Wiexs, Mary M , 2936 Wyman Pkwy , Balti¬ more 11 Wilson, Oliver C., Newark Winner, Bernice A., Midland School, Midland *Wirth, Mary 2., 10115 Connecticut Ave , Kensington Wood, J Arthur, Hanson Street School, Easton Wright, G Albert, School 140, Carrollton and Lexington Sts., Baltimore 23 Wright, Sara E , Elementary School, Corrigan- ville Yealy, Ralph, 42 W. Green St., Westminster Young, Bess M. ( Woodside School, Silver Spring MASSACHUSETTS Adams, Mrs. Edith B., 28 Short St., East Walpole Allard, Dorothy A., Pearl Street School, Read- ing Allen, Bessie B, f 30 Grafton Ave , Milton Allen, Mrs. Homer, Feeding Hills Anms, Ruth E., Julia Ward Howe School, Revere Arnold, Mary A., 54 Dunlap St , Salem Asher, Marguerite, 316 Highland Ave , Winchester Astley, Edith M., Thompson Street School, New Bedford Atkins, Robert S , 15 Center St., Province- town Aughtigan, Helen M , Pierce School, Malden Avery, Ruth, Brooks School, West Medford Baldwin, Jessie A', Vose School, Milton Balfe, John J , Houghton School, Cambridge 39 Barron, Edna I., Washington School, Beverly Barry, Mary J,, Adams School, Everett Bartlett, Marion L , Howard Street School* Springfield 5 Bath, Mrs. Rebecca B-, 494 Westfield St, West Springfield Baylies, Stella H., 80 Hanover St., Fall River Bemis, Fanny M., 96 Florida St., Springfield 9 Beverly, Grace M., Balch School, Norwood Blanchard, Roland, Lincoln School, Brookline 46 Bond, Edmund H , Phillips School, Watertown Bonner, Mrs. Edna M , 189 High St , Green¬ field Booth, Hilda, 223 Hathaway Rd., New Bed- ford Borges, Rose, 6 Pleasant St, Dighton Bourgeois, William L., Supt of Schools, Southbridge Bowker, Rosa M., 161 High St,, Springfield Boyd, Christine L>, Pierce Street School, Green¬ field Bozoian, K. Merton, Frost School, Westford Brainerd, G. Wmthrop, 77 Manchester Rd., Newton Highlands 61 Brassil, Theresa, 238 Ash St , Waltham Brazier, Mildred F., Fernald State School, Waverly 78 Brown, Mrs. Ruth H , 69 Carpenter St., Fox- boro Buck, Ella N , 72 Linden St., Wellesley 81 Burke, Walter M , Kenny School, Dorchester 24 Burns, Mrs. Edna F., Bennett School, Leominster Burns, Eva S., Winn Brook School, Belmont 78 Cahill, Margaret E., 175 Ocean St, Lynn Calden, Mary Frances, 58 Maple St., New Bedford Campbell, Clara E., Mabie School, Revere 51 286 ( Massachusetts ) Carney Mary C,, Burleigh Rd., Wilbraham Carvalho John A 4 ; Stamford St., Fall R.vcr Casey, Mary J , Achenbach School, Revere £- Ao ?« J> E E. Hale School, Emm 49 Chace, Ruth L., 31 Parker St., New Bedford wi^r 0 ” S1, “ e ' s "” c Ch Rnpr D i‘r W> . Lin "‘°od, School of Educ Chanel 0 " S J E «*« St - Boston 16 leominmr ^ " Pr,est Strect School, C Highi^df lafCnCC E - Hyik Scbool ‘ Newton cfe SSnftnKl^lir t“’: BreSlip™”" Sch “ l - « Wu.lhou™ CateV^ 4 ‘ A Baft l ett School, Pittsfield Cote^Mary A., Sewell-Anderson School, West Connnr • u 1 ! 2115 ^ 11 Oliver School, Salem CoSk kS B K “?a^ £! T fCe S fh o1 ' Leominster PaaV ir aDeI " .231 Lowell st„ Waltham 34 moot T° * Dan ‘ el Butler S^Eool. Beh C °H?rvard M,Iford L ’> Elementary School, Corcoran fe I" p Nor ^°° d St - Winchester School. Fairview" Memoml Junior High Cota, Ardell M., 308 Washington Ave., Chelsea Crockwefl' "Winifred ' M ? 5 n m’ R?adln § Medford 11 banning St., C Suen BeSS ‘ e ' Stephen E -ker School. CU Worttst’eT‘ Mafy E " Tatnu ck School, Ctanahyf’K^therine 2 ^ rewster R( b. Framingham Springfield 12 Tow « Ter , Vest Dav,i, 1 S BeS a S A -4 3 96 p F 1 p° rida St *c Davis, Blynn E * Snhfr Melrose tDavison/ Margaret T*' Littleton field 9 gaKt J. Oaks Hotel, Spring- Dean,' Stuart E ‘ Sumcr^H pi boo l Norwood School, Waltham P ’ Eern ‘ Educ., Banks Hiils Ur 82 Lena M " 7 Coltmrn Rd- Wellesley D brTdge‘ S ' LaUra ’ Marcy Street School. South- De h^ptoT llllam A " Supt of School. East- Dillon Helpn t t , _ Dingle'y, Vivian ’A MaIden 48 Doherty, Ellen C h t p n ^£ t £ Cambridge Dokn. James E Donovan’ jlmes^A 1 ' 85 u St ’ Holyoke Boston A ' 835 E Fifth St, South Dowhng R Al h ,ce E M , S ™ 6 AnnlA S H Newton Driscoll, Nora T ? ru Ave , Beverly Duffy, Andrew L fe" ChicLee River 1 McDonough School, Fall Dunn, r Mary M, 1400 President Ave, Fall tE Idr id ge! ^ Rs y rn o n F Sch0 °r Fairhaven Elem. School P nn W Nad^FH Con V Dept of rente School, 27 Franc" s* du £ A , s f - Law- Fallon, Patrick T ; ^Broads! ,*£££“ ?4 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Fl Bn!lRewafcr arti J ’ Center School, West oSSiaa.Tffl^jasrt 1 „„ tS M " y 1 ■ 16 SiSffiS f*l Mrflon 1:. ^"ccntrsl^Schcbl Galvin, William H fr,li c vfi ’ Gloucester G1 i S’bKS d c • “» G '°« «». Seta.,. aSSSu""- G, * d >* l - d™ Stl G rk[ s, f h„ w, Houghton M,«h, Co.. . sSSTinSSfiS, 6 A - C ™“ S ““> anml ch rr August i, A • High st., Ipswich Griffin Margaret T„ 99 White St. Westfield (?®ee“ argaret M ' 157 Am Hall P R?ta K nnC r 298 * H olyoke nan, Kita K , Concord Rd , Billerica Difc MlS - H ° pe W - Pleasant St. H Quincy’ 7 f ohert ’ Holbrook Rd„ -North » a ^ Ehzabeth G., Hard.e School, Beverly ^Braintree Har ‘ an L ’ 74 Wast °" Ave! Ebzabeth I., 210 Mam St , Fairhaven teb^ ne *A r0Seph T5-* Lowel] Rd ' Concord wood 8, Agnes H ‘* Winslow School, Nor- H< ley r 'Fl!lls 82 aChe ' A ” 407 L ' nden St 1 Welles H Ludlow‘ Mr$ Irene A - 156 North St - H ‘f altham ffi 54 GraCe ' 67 N * Washington Ave , Hifl^an E Tj el c ’ Hardy School > -lington Springfield* ’ 2 °' 9 WeStfidd St ’ West H Sch°o n ol, fTr,!^' J " Samud Watson rr°f an ’ .1 » Rollins School, Lawrence tree 84 d L - Notth Sch001 Dist , Brain- Houcie M A ry E AT 968 P i ymouth Ave., Fall River Howl;/"/ 12 M -V 9 Track St , Brockton 5 Bedford L ° UISe R ’ 639 Shawmut Ave • New tbcts^f'ii D ii X St £ eet School, Worcester 2 T tree 84 RobC C ” 90 Mlddle St • ' Brlln ‘ Jewett’ 'fnhn 6 n I J Iano t 5' 59 Vine St , Leominster Tones Hei n d 7 '* , jdeath School, Brookline 46 keav ’ Ha k M P p- 3 t 6 f urve St ■ Waltham Keefe' t?f°I d E V, Laf ®7 ette School, Roxbury 19 Keller H' Nichols School, Everett 49 Kennedv ^t7 E ’ f El { pt A 0 Schools, Manchester Kennedy, Wmmfred -C , 10 Lee St , Worces- Lambert- Al f' a F ’ l 1 B'rchwood Rd„ Methuen East Lynn S ' a ° ’ Euclld Avenue Sch ° o1 - Lane’ KatFe ^ ’ .Centre St , Segreganset T tfn a f' Valentine School, Chicopee L Southbridge 11 °" CharIton Street Scb ° o1 - Law lor, Edward A., Hood School, Lawrence LIST OF MEMBERS Leeto Edna S . 80 Banks Rd., Swampscott lefehton, William A., 23 Williston Rd . Aubumdale , , Leland, Viola F , 14 Gibbon Ave., Milford Leonard, Alice V., Hamilton School, Everett Leonard, Eliot B., 70 Oak St, Greenwood Lindquist, Evelyn R , State Teachers College, Bridgewater Linehan, John, Training School, Hyannis Littlefield, Madeleine C , Center School, Winthrop Lyman, Esther S , 4 Lakecroft Ct., Melrose 76 Lytle, Donald F, Supt. of Elem. Educ., Barnstable School Dept., Hyannis Macy, Frances B , 31 Parker St , New Bedford Mahoney, John L., 87 Glendale Rd , Quincy Maloney, John P., Quincy School, Tyler St , Boston Mantyla, Lawrence J., Locke School, Arling¬ ton 74 fMarble, Sarah A , Room 14, City Hall, Worcester March, Mildred, John Ward School, Newton Center Mason, Josephine D., Hooker School, 70 Franklin St, Springfield McAulay, Jennie, 184 Summer St , New Bed¬ ford McAulifFe, Dr Mary F , Robert Treat Paine School, Boston 24 McAulifFe, Mary K., 66 Fruit St , Worcester McCarthy, Julia L , School St , South Acton McCollum, Marion, 48 Beech St.. East Walpole McDonough, Margaret C,, Kings Highway School, West Springfield McDowell, Mary A., Center School, Agawam McGrath, Mary, 166 Main St., Amesbury McHugh, Raymond C., Lafayette School, Everett Mclntire, Ralph A , 125 N. Maple St, Flor¬ ence McLin, William H , Box 242, Attleboro McNeil, Margaret A., Hibbard School, Pitts¬ field Metcalf, Lutie A , 9 Washburn Ter., Brook¬ line 46 Mileham, Hazel E., Mark Hopkins School, North Adams Miller, James, Center School, Northampton Minier, Ethel M , 137 Florence St , New Bed¬ ford Molloy, Mary G , 146 Veazie St., North Adams Moore, Florence E , 227 Pope St, New Bedford Morrill, Mrs C W , 37 Lawrence St , Wake¬ field Morrison, William D , 117 Greene St , Wollaston Murphy, Walter D , 125 Francis St., Everett 49 Murray, Frances A , 22 Grove St , Milton *’Newbury, Robert J , Baker School, Chest¬ nut Hill Norris, William, Sheldon School, Southampton O Brien, John J., 99 Brooke St , Brighton 35 O Bnen, M Florence, Mercer School, Pittsfield O Connor, Elizabeth W , Gaston School, Fifth and L Sts., South Boston 0 Flynn, Mary G., 61 Downing St , Worcester O.Hern, Mary A , 80 Porter St , North Adams 0 Neil, Mary R, Belcher School, Chicopee Falls JPatt, Hermann George, Granville Perkins, Mary I,, 586 Eastern Ave , East Lynn Pickard, Bernice J., 241 Plymouth St , Hol¬ brook Pierce, Donald D., Adams Square School, Worcester Afield Prede " ck W " Su P t of Schools, Green- Povall, Mrs. Evalene M„ Colhcot School, Milton ’ Priest, Maud B,, 49 Summer St , West Acton ( Massachusetts ) 287 Priestley Eleanor M., Box 11 , Sagamore Ramsdell, Alice E , 94 Massachusetts Ave., Springfield Randall, Joseph H , 454 Walnut St , Newton- viile Ray, Carlon W , 85 Pme Ridge Rd., Waban Reid, Gertrude L-, 50 Randall Ave., East Wey¬ mouth Remon, Ruth E , 13 Juniper Ave., Salem Rich, Lconor M., Washington School, Win¬ chester Richardson, Bertha, 199 Belmont Ave., Spring- field 8 Richardson, Gertrude E., 62 Harvard St., Springfield Richardson, Margaret Tucker School, Milton Riese, Helen M , Chairman, Edit. Com., 1950 , Dept, of Elem School Prm., Natl. Educ. Assn., 126 W. Wyoming Ave , Melrose 76 Riley, Ellen F,, 237 Elm St., Amesbury Ritchie, Mary E , 99 Eighth St., New Bed¬ ford Rogers, Delia H., Faulkner School, Malden 48 Rogers, Harry, Oxford School, Fairhaven Roode, Mabel E., 49 Pond St , South Wey¬ mouth Ross, E. Gertrude, 32 Arcade Ave , Rehoboth 2 Roy, Esther M , Myrtle Street School, Indian Orchard Sauer, Edith, Lincoln School, 732 Chestnut St., Springfield Savage, M. Louise, 297 Allen St., New Bedford tSeavey, Morton R., Bulkeley School, Concord Seward, Elsie ,P., 15-A Jason St, Arlington 74 Sharkey, A Gertrude, 54 South St, Medford Shea, Ellen V., Union Hill School, Worcester Shea, Margaret E., 60 Freedom St., Fall River Shea, Mary A , Main Street School, Woburn Sheehan, Eileen M., 67 Bellevue Ave., Adams Sheehan, Marguerite R , 54 Braddock St„ Springfield Simonds, Arthur D„ Jr., Pearl Street School, Reading Simpson, Beatrice A , 104 Spring St., Hull Skahill, Eleanor M., Prospect Street School, Reading Skillings, Edith F., Winthrop School, Everett Smith, Dons E., 73 Crystal Cove Ave , Win¬ throp Smith, K. Helen, Winthrop School, Taunton Souder, Dr. Rexford, Asst. Supt. of Schools, Brookline 46 Stairs, Ina E , 9 Summit Rd , Wellesley 81 Stone, Edith, 502 Main St., Waltham 54 Stnley, Amy M., 133 Newbury St., Danvers Stuart, Herman A , Supt. of Schools, Melrose Sullivan, Edith L., Ashland School, Brockton 13 Sullivan, Marguerite G , 90 Greenbrier St., Dorchester 24 Sweeney, Agnes G., 100 Otis St, Medford Sweeney, Joanna, 48 Morgan St, New Bed¬ ford Sweeney, Margaret E., 73 Main St ,' Quincy 69 Swift, Ruth B., Newton School, Winthrop 52 Sylvester, Elizabeth, Ginn and Co., Statler Office Bldg , Boston Talbot, Mary, Franklin School, Everett 49 Taylor, Charles H., 345 Harvard St , Brook¬ line ' Thacher, Hilda J , Stanley School, Swampscott Thompson, Helen L,, Cabot School, West New¬ ton Travers, Ruth A., 6 l Essex St, Beverly Tripp, Coburn W„ Burbank School, Belmont Tripp, Mary H, Ashley School, New Bedford Twiss, Marion D , 21 Orne St., Worcester Upton, Winifred P , Ryal Side School, Beverly Wainwright, Lottie W„ 533 Broadway, Fall River 288 ( Massachusetts ) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Wales, Mrs. Alfred*, Consolidated School, Ashland Ward, Frances W., Hastings School, Framing¬ ham Welch, Donald T , McElwain School, Bridge- water Welch, Edward F, 591 Middle St., Fall River Wentworth, Florence A., 298 Elm St., Wal¬ pole Whiting, Alice W., Winthrop School, Melrose Wilcox, Frederick B„ 222 Rathgar St., Fall Rivet Wingate, Louise, 520 Main St., Fitchburg Woodbury, Aimie A., Junior Manual Training School, Beverly Woodbury, Mrs. Helen R , Green Rd., Bolton Wyman, jane M., 132 Woodland Rd,, Au- burndale Yates, Agnes L,, Clark Street School, New Bedford Young, Lillian, King Philip St, Raynham Young, William F., Jr., 50 Druce St., Brook¬ line 46 Ziersch, Anna L., 35 Linden St, Allston 34 MICHIGAN Adams, Olive M., Prospect School, Ypsilanti Ahrens, Mrs. Leona Z., Angcll -School, Mus¬ kegon Albert. Mrs. Jessie S., Froebel School, Mus¬ kegon Alexander, Mary L , 13 E. Kirby, Detroit 2 Allmendinger, waiter H., 17501 Brush, Detroit 3 Alward, Marian E., 19569 Imperial Hwy., Detroit 19 Amen, Ruth M., Boyd School, Monroe Andersen, Agnes S , 729 N. Ave. Rd., Battle Creek Anderson, Elsie I , 17653 Mandersoo Rd.. De¬ troit 3 Anderson, Evelyn, Main Street School, Lansing Anderson, Jennie, 801 Thomson St., Flint Anderson, Mildred, 1717 High St, Lansing^A Arehart, Ira J., 11315 Rosemary Ave , Detroit Armstrong, Donald C., 2400 Central. Detroit 9 Attwood, Mrs. Wyla W., 1108 Lafayette St., Flint Avery, Eula V., 1123 Michigan Ave., Ann Arbor Ayres, Frank M , Supt, of Schools, Dundee Baird, James, 355 Philip Ave , Detroit 15 Baldwin, Donald C., Supt. of Schools, Grosse lie Batnmel, Romelda, Trombley School, Bay City Barrett, Helen, 885 E. Grand Blvd Detroit 7 Bastian, Marne, 1723 Lapeer Ave., Saginaw 19 Baylor, Ernest A., Lincoln School, Inkster Beck, Carl G., 11846 • Wilshire Ave., De¬ troit 5 Becker, Bernice W , Law School, 7120 E Lantz, Detroit 12 Beers, Vivien E , Verona School, Battle Creek Begole, Jenniebelle, 2933 Chicago Blvd., De¬ troit 6 Belisle, John H., 13287 Robson, Detroit 27 Bennett, H. K., Asst Supt „ 5757 Neckel Ave , Dearborn Bigelow, Blanche, Willow School, Lansing 15 Birkam, George A,, 4875 Greenway Ave., De¬ troit 4 tBlackman, Ruth M„ United Oaks School, Hazel Park Blakeslee, Avis M , Wanda School, Ferndale Bloodgood, Nell M , 1023 Williams, Lansing 15 Bolton Frederick R., 13840 Lappm, Detroit 5 Booth, Evelyn W., 12121 Broadstreet, Detroit 4 •Bott, L. Helen, 12027 Pmehurst, Detroit 4 Bowen. Harold C , 5336 St. Antoine, Detroit 2 Bradley, Mrs Fanny S„ Kearsley Street School Allot 1 Brewer, Beulah Cain, 5310 24th St, Detroit 8 Brewer, Jessie M., 18 Porter St., Pontiac m Briggs, Ella H.. 4354 Fullerton, Detroit / Broegger, Elsie T„ 415 Bournemouth Rd Grosse Pomte Farms Brouwer, Gertrude A., McKinley School Battle Creek fBrowe, Dr. Herman, 1354 Broadway. De¬ troit 8 Browe, Walter A., 9206 Avis, Detroit 9 Brown, Ida C., 227 Harrison St., Chelsea Brhce, Mrs. Erma M., Van Buren School, Port Huron Bryant, Mrs. Cordelia J., Annex School, Inkster Buckley, Dorothy, 1419 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor Burk, Helen J., 3116 S. Martindale, Detroit 4 Burns, Stanley A., 16380 Stout, Detroit 19 Burt, Ethel V., 2Q20 Myrtle Ave,, Detroit 8 Buskirk, Roy E., 1332 Michigan Ave., St. Jo¬ seph Buxton, Elaine, 7479 Stockton, Detroit 12 Cameron, Milaa, 1000 Whitmore Rd , De¬ troit 3 Campbell, Margaret K., 4309 Waverly, De troit 4 Carey. Thomas E., 5250 Berkshire, Detroit 24 Carroll, Agnes W., 20232 Stratford St., Detroit Carter, Marian R., 1257 Dorothea Rd., Berkley Carter, Paul D., 385 Ferndale St , Birmingham Charles, Dorothy H., Edison School, 915 Lake, Kalamazoo 23 Church, Frank H , 6131 Iowa, Detroit 12 Clark, Belle C„ 1303 Pine St, Port Huron tClarlc, Lee O., Martin Road School, Ferndale Clayton, Wesley. Supt., Kalkaska Rural Agri¬ cultural School, Kalkaska fClow, Jennie M., 4404 Columbus Ave, De¬ troit 4 , .. , _ Collins, Oard C, 15440 Littlefield Ave, De¬ troit 27 . . .„. Cooke, Ralph J., Austin School, Albion Cooney, Joseph, 4863 Treadwell Rd., Wayne Correll, Lucille, Verlinden Avenue School, Lansing Cox, Mrs. Agnes L., 191 Glenwold Ave , Pontiac Cranmorc, Marion, 1101 Birk Ave., Ann Arbor Crawford, Lewis D., 4671 S Westnedge, Kala¬ mazoo 87 ,, , Crawford, Violet M., 176 S. Paddock St., Pontiac 20 . . , Cross. s Sherman T., 4058 Clements, Detroit 4 Crumley, Josephine V., 8710 Radford, Detroit 4 Culhane, Josephine, Durant School, Flint 3 Cumings, Mrs,. Carmen H, 2227 Woodside Ave., Bay City Curtis, Eva M., 1030 Grand Traverse St . Flint Curtiss, Florence E., 205 Tuxedo, Detroit Davis, Ethel A , Foster Avenue School, Lansing Dawson, William G , Garfield School, Wyan¬ dotte , . _ Deiss, Agnes L„ 2280 St Clair, Detroit Dell. George, 94 W. Willis, Detroit 1 De Manigold, Mary L. G., 1031 Wayburn Ave, Detroit De Mun, Eleanor, 11734 Kennebec, Detroit Devine, Mrs. Lucy, 1464 25th St., Detroit lo Dixon, Mrs. Margery, Rt 2, Thompsonville Doerr, Georgia, Cedar Street School, Lansmg Doherty, Mary C., Parker School, 12744 El¬ mira, Detroit 27 m Donaldson, Elery R., Supt, of Schools, Water- vliet Donaldson, George W , Rt 3, Box 544, Battle Creek **Donlin, Mrs. Verna Q., 10410 E. Jefferson Ave , Detroit 14 Donovan, Alice H,, 5505 Van Dyke, Detroit 13 list of members Douglas, Mrs. Marcella E., Wayne Co, Train¬ ing School, Northville Doyen, Gertrude, Madison-Lennox Hotel, De- Dressel ^ Haro Id, Northrup School, 340 Frazier nrouillard**Mary* G., 771 Seminole, Detroit 14 Durham, Louisa, Lakeview School, 330 High¬ land Ave,, Battle Creek . Duvall Leo E., Southwestern School, Dearborn Eddy, F. B., Supt., Stiles Public School, Roch- Edwf Gladys I.. 310 Stockdale St., Flint Ekstrom, Lena C.. 108 Thepda Ct., Buchanan Elliott, terns G„ 1029 Mapkgrove, Royal Oak Elliott, Myrtle A., Washington School, Sault Elhson^E. r 'v., 501 w. Main St , Northville Ellsworth, Bert, Robinson School, 12700 Grover. Detroit 5 _ Erman, iillie, 2629 Webb, Detroit Essert, Dr. Paul L„ Supt. of Schools, Grosse Estabrook, Eudora P„ 511 Ethel Ave. S.E., Grand Rapids 6 ., _ _ Fadner, H R„ 209 Florida St.. Laurium, Feaheny, Adele L., 4424 Brooklyn^ Detroit 1 Fey. Marguerite, 3325 Wiscasset, Dearborn Portion, Henry E., Carver School, Inkster Fox. Dorothy, 2311 Selden, Detroit 8 Frazier, Randall S., Douglas School, Inkster Freimuth, Mrs. Josephine, 820 Lincoln Rd., Grosse Pointe , Froelich, Dorothea E., 504 Hendne Blvd , Royal Oak Froh, Alma, 7601 Palmetto. Detroit 5 Galloway, Lyman C., 1247 Garden Ct., Dcar- Gamson, Noble Lee, Michigan State Normal College, Ypsilanti „ , Gibson, Ruth. 301 N. Ninth St . St. Clair Gibson, Walter E„ 1363 Ft. Park Blvd., Lin¬ coln Park Gifford. Ilah B., 1000 Whitmore Rd., Detroit 3 Gilbert, Lucile Ill Fourth St., Rochester Gilday, Jane A., 900 Whitmore Rd., Detroit 3 Giles, Melvia G., 315 Harvard St., Alma Goune, Edythe M., 2921 E. Forest, Detroit 7 Good, Raymond, 22521 Edison, Dearborn Goodell, Benjamin E., Miller School, Ecorse Gordon, Ethel, 899 Lakepointe, Grosse Pointe Grabmaa, Mrs, Eunice J., 1406 Field Ave., Detroit 14 Grishow, Ethel, • Prairievicrw School, Battle Creek Groves, Carolyn, 312 W. Tyrell, St Louis Guilloz, Mabelle E., 2260 La Salle Gardens S. t Detroit 6 Hale, Martha, Republic School, Alma Haley, Nelle, Dir, of Elem. Educ., 620 S. Jefferson, Saginaw Halfman, Margaret M., Roosevelt School, Royal Oak Hall, Isabell, 288 Josephine. Detroit Hamlm, Charlotte M., 120 Winona St., High¬ land Park Harper, Edith, Whittier School, Bay City Harrington, Katherine E.. 1518 Golden Ave., Ann Arbor Harris, Zita A , 8710 Radford, Detroit 4 THartung, Urban, Wingert School, 1851 W. Grand Blvd,, Detroit 8 Haskell, Marie, 122 Pingree St., Detroit 2 Healy, Oliver B , 2525 Brooklyn, Detroit 1 Heeren, Roy 9133 Bryden, Detroit 4 Hemenway, Harry, 3280 Lawrence, Detroit 6 Hetichey, Leona, 4043 29th St., Detroit 10 Hicks, Merwin B„ Box 92, Mesfck Plhrt’5 MlS- CUra M- ' 2005 Franch Avc " (Michigan) 289 Make School, 740 Cadieux, 906 Woodcrest Dr., Royal 4320 Cortland Ave., De- Hobart, Herbert L., Grosse Pointe 30 Hodges, Duncan C., Oak Holland, Mary N., troit 4 Honeysette, Bethel, 429 Pearl St., Kalamazoo Hook, Adeline, Crofoot School, Pontiac Hooper, Mary L., 19395 Cumberland Way, De¬ troit 3 Hope, Dorothy G., 4911 I.insdale, Detroit Hosner. Marion, 393 N, Main St., Romeo tHotchkiss, Lyle E., Salma Junior High School. Dearborn Houghtiling, Mrs. Clessie, Fincher School, Mt. Pleasant Howell, Catherine, 4490 Kensington, Detroit 24 Hubbard, Evelyn B., 7300 Garden. Detroit 4 fHusselman, H. Heyns, 427 S. Park St., Kala¬ mazoo Hutton, Nellie, Burbank School, 15600 E. State Pair. Detroit 3 Ireland, Dr. D. B., Supt. of Schools, Burning- tjaxn i ames, Elsie E„ 332 Bradley St. Flint ennings, Elsie J., 848 Pingree, Detroit 2 ones, Mrs. Carmen, Houghton Lake ones, William E., 21762 Harding, Rockwood ungwirtb, Dorothy, 6821 E. Ferry, Detroit 11 lane, Ruth F., 630 Philip Avc., Detroit 15 Kellogg, Erma B., 2730 Selden, Detroit 8 Kemp, Maude E., Noble School, 8646 Fuller¬ ton, Detroit 4 Kilandcr, Mrs. Pansy, 14149 Coyle, Detroit King, Dorothea, 17600 San Juan Dr., De¬ troit 21 Kison, Mrs. Gladys, Nims School, Muskegon Knapp, Margaret 1., 225 Strathmore Rd,, Lansing 10 tKnighton, Edward J., 9047 Beverly Ct,, De¬ troit 4 Konstanzer, Mildred B„ 11131 Kcrcheval, De¬ troit 14 Krug, Marguerite C., 2270 Leslie, Detroit 6 Kuhn, Florence E., 3963 Cadillac, Detroit 13 Kull, Charlotte A., 3420 Cass, Detroit 1 Lafferty, Marcella E., 4437 Monroe St., Ecorse 18 fl.aing, Earl R,, 16263 Westmoreland Rd., Detroit 19 La Manila, Jo Kathryn, Marquette School, Muskegon Laughlirv, Gaylord B., 2792 Magara, Wayne Lava Hi, Alice, 8832 w. Lafayette, Detroit 9 Lee, Rosemary, 690 E. Grand Blvd., Detroit 7 Lemke, Madeline A., 11800 Engleside, Detroit 5 Lewis, Merwin A., 21522 Homer St., Dearborn Lewis, Ruth A., 330 W. Grand. Muskegon Lindquist, Essie E,. Moores Park School, Lan¬ sing 10 Listman, Pauline, 3420 Cass, Detroit 1 livic, Edna B,, Howe School, 10430 Charle¬ voix, Detroit 14 Lobban, Mrs. Kathryn Faner, Stevenson School, Flint 4 Lockwood, Glenn O., Ann Visger School, River Rouge 18 tLong, Marjorie, Hoover School, Hazel Park Lown, Yenna A., 13063 E. Outer Dr., Detroit Lubbers, Melvin B., Supt, of Schools. Zeeland MacGirr, Hazel B., Elem. Supvr., Bloomfield Hills MseKay. Maty, 16 Cambridge, Pleasant Ridge, Detroit Magee, Marjorie, 13 E. Kirby, Detroit 2 Malone, Kathryn J,, 13141 12th Si„ Detroit 6 Marsh, Clyde B., 10-419 MaplcUwn, Detroit 4 Martin, B. Irene, Larch Street School, Lansing Martin, Thekla, 10413 Lakepointe, Detroit 24 290 (Michigan) McCallum, Jessie, 2694 Philadelphia Ave, W., Detroit 6 McCann, William, Jefferson School, Wayne McCarthy, Julia M., 16164 Asbury Park St. Detroit McCarthy, Mary, 16748 Braile, Detroit 19 McCauley, Clementine, School 2, Ecorse 18 McCreery, Mrs Hazel M., 2109 Francis Ave., Flint 5 McCrimmon, Marguerite, Angell School, Berk¬ ley McDonald, Lucile, 7601 Palmetto, Detroit 5 McDougall, Frances J., 829 Dickenson St,, Flint McEwen, Vera D,, 8145 Puritan, Detroit 21 McGowan, Margaret C , 567 Montclair, Detroit 14 McGuinness, Mae E., 17211 Northlawn, Detroit McLaughlin, Lloyd, Ferry School, Grand Haven McMahon, Mary E., 13185 Pinchurst, De¬ troit 4 McSweeney, Mary C,, 3811 Cicotte, Detroit 10 Mead, Ina J., Dasher School, Melvmdale Mead, Stephen, Central School, Grand Haven Menger, Hilda, 5570 W. Holt Rd., Holt Miller, Mabel M , 1615 Casgrain, Detroit 9 Miller, William C., Jr., 18112 Greenlawn, Detroit Mitzelfeld, Lucy L., 1214 Rademacher, De¬ troit 9 Mumaw, Alda, 120 S. Mason St., Saginaw Mumford, Edgar H. E , Ferris School, High¬ land Park Munroe, Jessie M , School 1, Ecorse Myler, Harold F., Lindbergh School, Dearborn Nelson, Bruce K., 629 Lake St., Negaunee Nelson, Marie, 318 W. Second St, Flint 3 Netzorg, Sadie, 12115 Griggs, Detroit Newman, Ethlyn, 9440 Savcry, Detroit 6 Mill, Louise, 6131 Iowa, Detroit 12 O'Brien, Edna M., 209 N. Linn, Bay City O’Dell, Mrs. Iva, Douelson School, Pontiac O’Hara, Mae, 17361 Santa Rosa Dr , Detroit 21 O’Harrow, Ina, 6821 E. Ferry, Detroit 11 Oliver, Jean, 2691 Boston Blvd , Detroit Openo, Milton D., Parkland School. Flint 5 Osborne. Mrs. Agnes W., 18686 Woodingham Dr., Detroit 21 Osborne, Mrs. Catherine W., 3020 Burns St , Detroit 14 Otto, C Lucille, 95 S. Washington, Oxford Owen, John Willis, 35 First St , Belleville Page, John S , Supt. of Schools, Howell Parker, Florence, 5474 Trumbull Ave , De¬ troit 8 Parker, Howard L , Oxford School, Dearborn Pascoe, May F., 2005 Francis Ave., Flint Payette, Pearl, Franklin School, Battle Creek Pearson, Mrs. Carolyn A.. 321 E. Newall St , Flint Peatling, Ella M,, 1666 Atkinson Ave., Detroit Pelletier, Anne. 104 Rhode Island, Detroit 3 Perdue, Mrs Viola H,, Carpenter Street School, Midland Person, Amy, 2453 22nd St , Wyandotte Petch, Gertrude, 115 N. Huron St, Albion tPierce, Vernon P., 15376 Hartwell St., De¬ troit 27 Plambech, Anne, Genesee Street School, Lan¬ sing P°|j>, t Mrs Cleo E„ 1101 Copeman Blvd, Porter, Alta M., 1607 Fifth Ave , Bay City Ptak, Edward, 6045 Norcross Dr., Detroit 13 Puffer, Mrs. Grace, Washington School, Battle Creek Randall, Leo M., 2700 Clinton St, Detroit 7 Rjynor, Florence G., Newton School, 16411 Curtis St,, Detroit 19 Reed, Mrs. Helen P., 7731 Sylvester, Detroit 14 Reed, Mary E , Washington School, Royal Oak ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Reeves Erma E 45 Tennyson, Highland Park Reid, Gladys M., Oscoda Twp. Unit School Oscoda * Reitzkat, Bertha, 13961 Asbury Park, Detroit 27 Renton, Agnes E., Goodale School, 9835 Dirk erson, Detroit 3 Renton, Janet M., 511 W. Outer Dr , Detroit Reynolds, O. D k 14909 Cleophus, Allen Patk Robertson, Florence, 206 W. Paterson St Flint 3 _ ’ Robinson, Bernice L,, Coolidge School, Flint 3 Robinson, Roy E., 12541 Second St, High¬ land Park, 3 Roethke, Louise W., Bellevue School, De troit 7 Rogers, Carlysle, 16548 Lawton Ave., De¬ troit 21 Rosenthal, Aimee A., Holmes School, 8821 Georgia, Detroit 13 Ross, Agnes, Fremont School, Battle Creek Ross, Meta M., Rt 2, Box 229, Rochester Rothe, Ella, Box 133, Warren Rowley, Janet B., Wilson School, Jackson Rildduck, Lillian W , 14920 Grandville Blvd , Detroit 23 Rupright, Esther. Lincoln School, Battle Creek Russ, Marjorie V., 17400 Manor, Detroit 21 Ruthig, Eivin J., Northwood School, Roval Oak Rut 2 en, Irene J., 2234 Longfellow, Detroit 6 Ryan, Lenoca M., 429 Eighth St., Escanaha Sage, Marie K-, 8100 E. Jefferson Ave , De¬ troit Schafer, Rose Kathryn, 130 E. Sixth St , Mon roe , Schoolcraft, Pearl T., 518 Minor Ave., Kala mazoo Schroeder, Margaret, Thomas Street School Lansing Schulz, Mrs. Mary C., 19185 Bretton Dr, De troit 23 Scollay, Lois A., 2281 W Grand Blvd., De troit 8 Seebeck, Sarah E., 1504 Elizabeth St., Bay City Sclle, Mrs. Dorothy, Lambert School, Pontiac 8 Sewell, Mrs Mabel H., 2645 Lake Michigan Dr., Grand Rapids 4 Shepard, Ethel, 923 State Petoskey Sherman, Mrs. Beryl, 82 Prall St., Pontiac 18 Sherman, lone E., 150 Longfellow, Detroit 2 Shirley, Gertrude L., 220 N. Grant Ave , Three Rivers „ . . Short, Mrs, Mabcllc I., Washington School, Flint 6 Sievewnght, Agnes, 18903 Steel Ave, Dc- troit 21 . _ . Smith, Hattie M., Longfellow School, Royal Oak Smith, Margaret M , Parker School, 12744 El¬ mira, Detroit 27 Smith, Mildred, 6836 Georgia, Detroitll Snyder, Mrs. Edith Roach, 2712 Voorhies Rd , Pontiac Sommers, Mildred E , Dir. of Elem Educ, Bd. of Educ , Jackson Sorensen, Helen, 727 N Capital, Lansing 6 Speaker, Gaylord M., Supt of Schools, River Rouge Spooner, Janet G., Jacoby School, 13210 Maine, Detroit 12 Springman, John H , Asst. Supt. of Schools, Birmingham tStanley, L. R., Wener School, 294 W. New York, Pontiac Starling, Mabel C., 8811 Quincy Ave , Detroit Staudacher, Ethel, 910 Salsburg Ave , Bay City Stewart, Mrs. Margaret, 2400 Central, De¬ troit 9 Stolson, Anna K, 534 Evergreen Ave, East Lansing Stout, Grover, 3480 Russell, Detroit 7 list of members (Alhitu foA*} 291 Sttuble Nina, 1407 W, Lenawee, Laming 15 Stunn,’ Mrs. Gladys F., Rt. 1, B°S 481. Mt. SuUiv”n, n5 Itene F„ 2202 Bewick Ave., De- Sullivan, Mary C., Brady School, ?'>70 Jny Sween’e^Angela, 7 Oakland Park Rlvd , Pleas Sweeney, Jlnne M., 3d 'Winona, Detroit 7 TerwiUiger, Mts, Effie, Wilson School, Battle •fThomas, John S., 14446 Rutland, Detrnit Thompson. Paul E., 816 Lincoln Rd„ Giusie Thomson,^Marion, 3700 Garfield, Detroit 7 Timmer, Julia, Fremont Tomlinson, Ruth, 127 Portage Ave.. Iluee Rivers Trainor, Mary T., Lacey School, Hazel Park Trombley, Carrie, 308 N BUckstonc. Jackson Trombley, Roberta C„ 4290 Matseilles, Detroit 24 Ttudgeon, Pearl, Jefferson School, Battle Oeck True, Tressa, Asst. Prim, Dasher School, Mel¬ vin dale Truemner, Herbert W., Longfellow School, Flint Tucker, Ethel M , Mason School, Grosse Pmole 30 Tuomey, Miss M , 1459 Lawrence. Detroit fi Van Dyk, Henrietta, 5221 Montclair, Detroit 13 Van Norman, Margaret, 9320 Bedford, De¬ troit 24 Ver Beek, John J , 1213 W, Hackle,’, Mm- VoorLees, James H., 3801 Pasadena Ave., De¬ troit Wade, Beatrice, 1506 Ferry Park, Detroit 8 Walcott, E Forrest, 104 Abbott, River Rouge 18 Waldorf, Letha, Helmet School, Jackson Walker, Clyde M., 20119 Wisconsin, Detroit 21 Walsh, Helen, 1291 State Fair W., Detroit 3 Walther, Marie, Stone School, Saginaw Waltmire, Helen H. 2018 Wealthy St. S.E , East Grand Rapids Wareham, Lucille E, 1415 Parker, Detroit Wargelm, Philip J., 338 Voorbeis Rd., Pontiac Waugh, Nellie A., 13538 Mendota Ave., De¬ troit Webb, Ethel Mae, 112 E. Downte, Alma Welch, Edith, Craft School, 3310 Vinewood Ave, Detroit Welte, Adeline K., 1203 Bement St,, Lan¬ sing 12 Wenzel Brigetta, 5503 Lakepomte, Detroit 24 Weter, Grace E 513 S Troy St„ Royal Oak Whistle, Mrs, Retha Clark, 2207 Hills St, Flint Wilkinson, Muriel M„ McKinley School, Wyan¬ dotte Wilson, Claudia V , 9835 Dickerson, Detroit 5 Wingo, G Max, University Elementary School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor W °°d7, Dr. Clifford, 4000 University High School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Woolfenden, Grace F., 12920 Wadsworth, De¬ troit Worner, Frances, 951 Whitmore, Detroit 3 Wymore Lottie, Couzens School, Stambaugh Spnngf en ° n ’ Supt ' 01 Sdluoh - Harbor £™ n J> 9 ICe ., D00 Harmon St., Flint Z Rap'ds Abert S " 421 BuCt0ri SW ’’ Gnnd MINNESOTA Barin’ r vely ! n E V Hancock School, St, Paul 4 1 C 9°yl ne K ’ , Calhoun School, Girard and 31 st, Minneapolis Bant, Amy C, I, 3 nd N : • •.!, *i,lh and Bryan* Ace. N , Msimrau lie 4B'i*er, I Pt, I "37 I *4 , * Brnigna. Sister M , *>t Matthew Ssh» -•-•!. It' \V VTmtte I, Sf Pjal Brtzler, Anne, Lowry St M aififnltc 5 3 Brown, Robert P, rd" Fmrtli 'Ave SV , Rnrhrstcr Blur- hurt, Df, I m j,, Prof til ! I'm FsLik , University of Minne*ut*, Minue apt-no Cailrtrdt, Maty l . Hi** *iha Schirn (-'ml Ate A and J -i,T;3 Sf , Mu-nn; l«» /> Carlson, Ida ?' , 3H» I„ 22nd Sf , Mi mw zpolts Cftlrman. {mrtmde, Fuif-ui As fund %-*h *nj Vi.-v r:.t, Mimtcaj-nln Doctlall. Bertha A , 1332 D-sotott Ace , M Paul 4 Ellen, Sutcr Mary, 2ss E. t mhatijte Si . Ss Paul 7 log, Dora, lo'A Tailor Ave. Ss Paul I lizirlvn, Arnold f,,, 2nmrap»ln 4 Galilandcr, Dura L , 3'!,',* N Kflot St , Win ncapnUs 12 Georgccm, Ssgtid. ?7tiH \V, Swath Ss , Du luth 6 Ginvlmte, Annie. Franklin M Pavl 5 Grrndzn, Aisie D., |f 1. ( Sr 4 , St. Pan! 5 tHamou, Lilian f , Bryant and St imid',. Duluth h Hrier, Sidriry H, Adame Shad, Funklitt »r,*l tr.th Aces S , Mmticapuitc Hnmulic. Icctyn K , DD ,S, (arlirh! Ace. Minneapolis H iL imec, Mane ()., (>U< Summit, St Paul ,* Holtz, JersHre F , Jrvjpg S-le-il, 2 *th Ace. *», and ?8tli, Minneapfiliv Haul. Edith C» , 2 328 fveaSiuty Ave, Minot apoliv Igmitia, Sister, Cathedral STltimi, 375 W, Kel¬ logg Hlvd.. St P.r.d 2 Jaspetsitn, Lillian, 4*103 Harriet St,, Minne> aptdis Johnson, S, I. , Supt, of School's, Plamvtew jurlcmuji, John J., Home;r..It Sthoul, 217 T. (.alvary Rd , Duluth Jiitcn, Adolph I., 221 Kent Rd,, Duluth 3 Kttkefni?., f the! H., 2S53 Inglewood Ave, Mui'icapolls if) tKriuj,, Bcsv J,. 2440 Stevens Aw.. Minne¬ apolis 4 Krogsudt, Marie Hutland School, Mimic apuhs Kumniert, Charlntte A., Alt Second St, N, Staples Lithtcfihergcr, James F., Seward SUkkiI. 21 th St, ami 28th Ave. Minneapolis l.ueck, Agnes I„ M 52 Elliot, Minneapolis 7 Maag Raymond F,„ 321 W, Fifth St, Fan bault Mallory, Blanche, 715 E. First St., Duluth 3 Maloney, Marguerite L, 1079 Goodrich Ase„ Sf. Paul 5 Mark, Mrs. Beatrice T., 309 fritter St,, Man¬ kato McAlister, Gladys M., 905 W. 44th St., Mm- neapohe 9 292 (. Minnesota) elementary school principals McNaughtan, Edith L., Lindsay School, 310 Monts, William A., Alexander Baker School, International Falls , „ sstfiri: a Is Newell, Esther, 5313 Russell Ave S., Mmne Norman, Frances B„ 1022 Essex S E , Mmne- nZ? Ellen V., Curbs Hotel Minneapolis Olson, Amy, Standish School, Minneapolis pfcirt, Margaret B. Northrop School. Pefers, leone E„ 2809 Park Ave. S , Mmne- Petersen Edith B., Keewaydm-Wenonah Schools 30th Ave, and 52nd St, Minneapolis Petrich Selma, 1515 Woodland Ave , Duluth Rmgeisen, Mrs. Marguerite, 108 S. Main St„ RobeS? Mrs. Mary S., Washington School, tRoSan, d Mabel A. .Jackson School, Duluth Roverud, Ella M., Dir. of Elem Educ , 622 Grand Ave., St, Paul 5 Smi P th h Mrs Marion W.. 717 N 19 th Ave. E„ Staudenmaier, W. W . 705 E. 57th St.. Mmne- T . a n p °Ufl t H . Supt. of Schools. Hopkins VoigtAUreda H., P 383d Park Ave. Mmne- Wl°«! Beulah H , Cooper School, 44th Ave, and 33rd St Minneapolis skV^ k '^l ! ^M4r“ ,T School, State Teachers College, Mankato MISSISSIPPI Dempster, Alice, 1607 24th Ave Meridian •tDickins, Hattie, Box 48, Leland •Edwards, C. J., Sup‘., Cons. School, Moor- Edwards, W. P., Supt., Orange Grove School, •Evans P °G. A., Tilton School, Jayess •Everitt, Alice, Box 64, Tunica Ferguson, Add'e, 723 Walnut St McComb Ferrell R R . West Side School, Picayune Garv 'Addie Pearl, Eupora Gaston, Evelyn, 1615 24 th Ave Meridian •Gervm, Adelaide, DeKalb School, DeKalb Gilliland, Bessie, Lee School, Jackson Griffin Anne. Clay Street School, Vicksburg gS Mrs’ T.C Box 151. Columbia Haddon M E., Leaksville „ , , fewaaMSs lxt£ pJSfe -: °°s 4J !“SS'.« xTAcomb Addison, Mrs Marie S Lamar School, Lamel Box 444, State College e r v»nnU Me- Blackwelder, D. Lee, Supt of Schools, Me Brown, Virginia, 621 25th Ave.. Meridian Brumfield, J. S., 232 Seventh St., McComb Burney, Mrs. Georgia L., Vancleave , ••Cantwell, Mis. Betty, 111 W, Second, Clarksdale Tarleton Mrs. F. E„ 916 Wayne St„ Macon Carpenter, Howard, Supt., Cons High School, Carter? Mrs. Laune Mae, 3211 24th Ave., Cl ark? Mrs. T A , Cleveland SchooL DeKalb fClement, Bess Rogers, Eliza Clark School, Clarksdale , _ . Coffee, Ohne, Primary School, Tupelo Cooke, Mrs Paul S , Hernando Cortnght, Louise, Whitfield School, Jackson ohnston, vj — -- Tnvner Mrs Bess Pace, Canton KS*Bto* K S Adele, Poindexter School, Jackson Lantrip, Dora B . **"Hattiesburg fete •Martin, Mrs. T. L, C>- ar » Sthoo i Money McKee Sydfv , J Elfm. Supvr., State bept. of S-. ™ S - 5151 •SSt tA U,‘. Christine. BUrnMuj Sd»ol. “IS , W d T?‘iuS«“|=b r .l AM mSSSSo. WW...1 School, Gulfport Moore, Nola Dee, Kosciuski° , d j Mounger, Lurlme tgS lSn»: H.» h.k" School. H... Oakf'D T Delta State Teachers College, Oliver, Jane, Delta State Teachers College, F.SS'mI A...C 1. B«S P 3£“ Ramsey, Laura, Carpenter Schod. Natcnez :SS» A rfe, feonflchool. BS,n- •Richardson, Hattie, Elementary SchooL, Oxford Ritch, Alma, Box 313 , B oxi Box 1134 , Robison, Mrs. Janie A , College bta„ box C olumbus •Roeers Mrs. Lorye, Magee Sm°tn Irene, 635 33rd Ave , Meridian Smith, Lois, Highland School, Meridian . - , /in \T C*rnn n AV( Smith, LOIS, nignianu ju w*. —; a r Smith, Mrs. Morris, 612 N Second Ave , Co Spei^Margaret, Dukate School, Biloxi 1 JST OF MEMBERS Spntlin, H. S„ Coeuoiidatei IM U* State'W M„ Smm Sckml pimAm &;j. M., Soft Schffld*. I»* n&ASc. ?)«■» a&r^tsgrs*-. •‘ft, Mb. Dow, i>«Sou Wilson, Mrs, Gcorgt T., §1$ Sisti* A*® . Wifdhun, Mrs. Joe, Box JOT, C*l«wht* MISSOURI Adam, Mrs. D*isy Trie®, 26,lt f%l Aw* Ahrens,*Cordtlii, 9260 Cfefteft R4 / ?! Lwt* County 17 Allen. Dr. Cecil H, Stale T«acbcr> GetUg*. Kiiksville Arnold, Leah, 439 Miller A*e„ Ubefty Ajclimcyer, Esther, Caroadelsi Scfesel, #??! Minnesota, St, Lotus Baird, Anita M„ 5B40 McGee, Kif.us C»tf Baker, Beulah N„ Mark Twain Skbodi, illA Ruskici Ave,, St. Lours Baker, iinme C, 209 Pine St,, Liberty Barnes, Ward B„ 7622 Rosed ale Dr , St. !,«'*« Barton, Enns, 9436 Baltimore Arc , Oww* land 14 Bastian, Russell R., 2163 Faitbawta D( , S# Louis 21 tBear, Mata V., 5118 Tamm Aw., St Lem 9 Beffa, Alice, 6245 Pcrshmg Ave.. St bwm i B enact, Edward H., Asst, Supt., St Imn J Bick, Anna, 2842-A Victor St, St. Lemr* 4 Billings, Ethel K., North Glendale Scfc«-4 Kirkwood 22 Bishou, Everett, 1003 E, Hyde Park, St Jo sepn 44 Blackburn, Helen r. ( 3401 S. B-r« *i, K*ah> City Blackwell. Luther V. t 413 Chtttnw* lbt% k*e Bledsoe, Annie, Eugene Field School, Boom, Sally Knox, 4610 E. 24th, K*m*« t at* I Boss. Mabel E., 4961 Laclede, St Lotus m Brand, Mrs. Bessie, Jft?7 Plynwush An . M Louis 12 Broom, Elizabeth, R.F.D. 1, St. J«crts Brown, Alta L., 1030 Benton Bled., Kansas City Brown, R, H,, Attucb School, lgj» 5 V*«h, Kansas City Brown, Mrs. Ruby M 102 E. High St , H 4 o» Bruce, Georgia, 4004 Forest. Kansas City Bruce, Nolan, Sutton School, Maplewood 17 Buerkle, Margaret St, John School, Lemay 23 Bumbarger, Lena Bruce, 525 E, Aimour ItWd , Kansas City ^Kansw City ' Foley ' 229 St . K e, m7 •'■HH Harrison St., Kama® C«y bms 5 d B " 6807 Wa,etra *« Aw, Ss! Ca Vcmo Q i LOtt ' e E " 809 S ’ McCa *»*. Mr tC Ss n attlu S - Btyin Hall School, St, c4“ l ''||.S5,citr w ‘“ ***• ,h ( f « f#« It 7 t* H*«t ?' '»<•.*> * ? V SC* » 4*# "•& Ian.'! i .{rt*- tni‘* * si ,V» * *>» ***** if % 1' 1 J 1 * V % i:. '' ' 3 ' / , V,?•*»» ye,® i» V fe* *>«*'(•,'> *; t rmst &«• ■«* V *>* * t i -* * > r ** a j. ' >*.?« %v Vs wm **»?« t «♦<* Wri, tar '» V 5*** tv t< * * vwJt' t t( *a; * V< %w ‘ *** fi |t, VaavM- W > *4% -■>•» turtsww tw '4* < s>r*. lad* M Hfdwlr ** < h.-W WnM nt j* Kf "" •» 7an t *•»<*»» *< |y«Sa*r# 4a':.* M Mt tWaw L,}» »«i V asri'** ' *' '• ** , ''‘** 1 ^ * $%Tt%W »*I pau*II. Mr* law* 3 ‘.mt $ * » *,**-»«•> r t* 4 JVwtSrAM , r ano |h y*>*’«**>• > (>!4 * 4'»“* IVn^fasa®* %^umnm4 f } **tt #<* .» * * ‘ V !»»*. a >3 yVwwyr* |f.na, lutn’W 4# , s aH*vs**a. JtarnAA I t.>-■ a v '*.4 tu. K , , 5% ISsfcb, ?'i 1 ' 1 rrai f lAw*. * Vioi** *»» *.#' *» M y ‘adarr* fs-4 «-■>*. t * ■»'*■«.> f tit* V*-iiUt*i, If*' 1 ! ? 'tie *»,»»,« #. *»« s*f<«w4 5 * M«r„ JaAas, V *r,; Vawi a V . ... a * **|.*|war4,t A*** f * * 'v « m t, a, >,t tt, sa»«4 f a-f 3 7i *,!), a It ^ t '.r. , !■.> ■. ^ ' , -:- t t 4 7 : s*’",» i M t * ■* 1 r a a ^ * *' 4 1 r f a a.*ys I ,*vr r*’*f * a,* a*,' r r % „* V M 5. I/-.S # 1 1 }».»»* % l*s 1 * " * • P*H« J >■'* »5<» t, * ** 3>s»«{' e" * *i* t*,? "e %s : f'.r.Vs *(>.< Il f » t, y.. .<* V. V«: 1 Trsn/w 4'SS** Ija.* a, < * s/ a *««« f r * ?' ! 'V 4 1 « * ' ** #« j#v»* It S» * * - 1 #' . * f as^r »(Sf 1 U ,» 1 I s »>*| 1 3 Ik * tt h % 1 P a«* j !*•*#* # *>* V 1 <*, n 9 »» f Tl«i*v at r 4r t/ifn-v •« 4 f »• * f 1 sin 11 •»•*», Di i M ? . s 4 P* 1 liwi't 4 .*’J J** ! 1.K a. , $*&S t, a 4 £ t , H <*• r,d 1 , t Gl*rs«v tL*l 1 * * * ; 3* f 1 mri *> M ^ 4^ » *« CVr*!* 1 '*a *lk' 4 1c ,f 4 m-# -«t-4P s *4 * h C* as Pel i Kt-1 f r », r.ife*, R»)VM**4 g >M- r 1 * a J ! as * * «* 9 4%* r |'%■ A 1 1 * » M *>,»,>>• r».»# * a A Wf. % Ic-au It Mvlrt. lit, '^r,* €^f f'l il , y fi 4 pt« *^ 0 ^, H«#»w <; || *i;» h*a|* !«>,,* v |U4 4 W*W 11 «>«*,«, fl 4h*aa»* RkHw>trf«4 if* ghat 1 < Hejswrl. t^rtSi*, IW) M Igi.M* u l »»4e* ’’ HUVrr. f*M»p J, *15 l,« ^ %& u ; #« t N tLmtaiivgLiv,) |t.,d Vs 294 ( Missouri ) tHollister. Mis. Mary L„ 520 W, 40th St., Kansas City 2 T Hood. Emmett A., 6167 McPherson, St Louis Hooss, Ida M., 5330 Pershing Ave., St Louis 12 Howard, Joseph E , DeMun School, Clayton 5 Humphrey, Carles F. 809 Abston, Ferguson 21 Hunt, Dorothy D., Brookwood School. North Kansas City 16 T u „ Huston, Ruth M , 2729 Penn, St Joseph 52 Ilgen, V. Carl, Pershing School. University City Johnston, Marguerite B., Ashland School, 3921 N. Newstead Ave,, St. Louis Tung. Chris W. Foster School, Warrensfeurg KegeWn, Lillian, 1836 Dyer, St. Louis 14 Kottkamp’ Ralph W.. 3974 Sarpy Ave., St. Lambadcr, May B., 641 W. 59th Ter,, Kansas City 2 Langston, John M.. 2354 Michigan Ave, St. Large, tS Grace M., 6236 ’Waterman Ave., St. Lawmng, Dr. J Leslie, 3004 Benton Blvd., Kansas City 3 . c , . Lawson, Abbie, 202 Victorian Cts,, ot. Jo- Leep P er, 2 Mrs Alta, 923 Vine St., Poplar Bluff tLindel, Albert L., Harris Teachers College, Lomax, Gladys, Humboldt School, St. Joseph Lyon, Miss Percy A., 5171 Waterman Ave , St. Louis 8 _ , , - _ Mabrey, Doris, Lorimier School, Cape Curar- Mackenzie, Elbridge, 4471 Olive St , St. Louis Mann, George L, 4811 Fountain Ave., St. Marshall! 3 Paul M , 429 E. 65th Ter , Kansas Martin, Arthur E . 3448 E. 62 nd St„ Kansas Madcin, Harold L , 5908 Charlotte St., Kansas City 4 McCafferty, Estella H., Lowell School, Kansas McCallister, Mabel, 3238 Marshall Ave., St. Louis County 21 „ r McCarthy. Nellie, 3618 Lafayette St., St Louis 10 fMcGrath, Isabelle, 5949 Oakherst PL, St. Louis 12 Meyering, Harry R , 231 E, 72nd St , Kansas City Milam, Fred S , Rt. 2, Kehrs Mill Rd , Chester- Beld Miller, Arthur L,, 3558 S. Jefferson Ave., St Louis 18 Miller, Fred B , 6701 Easton Ave., St. Louis Miller, Leo U , 7234 Penn, Kansas City 5 Miller, Louise A , 3952 Cleveland Ave., St. Louis 10 Miller, Myrtle E„ 3229 Remck, St. Joseph 40 Milster, Ben C , 5428 Holly Hills Ave , St. Louis Moeller, Herbert F., Woerner School, 6131 Leona St., St Louis Moles, James D , 2750 Tamm Ave , St. Louis 9 *Monagan, Rogers T , 6593 Smiley Ave., St. Louis M°ore, Opal, Hyde School, St Joseph Moore, Reuby S , 1821 Crest Ave , St. Jo¬ seph 20 Morrison, A F , Gundlacb School, 2931 Ar¬ lington, St Louis Murphy, Jean, Box 44, St. Clair Murphy, Nora G , East College, Farmington Neely, Dena Lois, 5236 Brooklyn, Kansas City Newkirk, Naomi K , 5222 Brooklyn St , Kan¬ sas City Noble, Lucille, 247 Forest Ave , Webster Groves ELEMENTARY school principals Nolan. Marie, 812 N. Tenth St,, St Joseph 11 Noland, Nelle T„ 216 N. Delaware St, In dependence Nowlin, Egbert W , Bristol School, Webster Groves Norris, Mrs Elizabeth K , Seven Oaks School, ,^?11 Jackson, Kansas City 3 G Connell, May, Manchester School, 6839 E, 15th St., Kansas City G Keefe, Pattern Ruth, 3408 Kenwood, Kansas City 3 Osborne, Dorothy M., 415 N. Seventh St, St Joseph 51 Pamgot, Dullye, 2705 Pattee, St, Joseph 38 Parker, Vireil C , Box 557. Salem J arman, 1. G., 4627 King Hill, St. Joseph 45 Perkins. Bessie, Fh-eit-rv Sedaha Pfrry, John, 1 p k.n'int.is, K msas City 5 Pierce, Frankli 1 C , bSi 9 1 ■!'» ■ s« Rd., Brent ^ wood 17 Pitcher, Stephen L , 7144 Washington Ave, St, Louis Powers, Margaret, Paris tPurnell, John id., Marshall School, 4342 Aldine St., St. Louis Quillman, Harrell D , Central School, Ferguson Ruder, Eleanor M., 7230 Pennsylvania, Kansas City 5 Ramsey, Harold T., Whittier School, 1101 Indiana Ave., Kansas City 1 Reed, Mamie. 9060 Ladue Rd , Clayton 5 Renmson, A. M., 1329 Francis, St. Joseph 23 Rhetta, H., 4541 Garfield Ave., St Louis 13 RdW U L . 2830 Holmes. Kansas City 3 Robinson, Viola J., Carver School, 1514 Camp RuAcr^Thoma?^.! Sr, 5564 Maple Ave, s t.^CUu“‘ S Thomas I-., 203 E First North, Sandersfjamcs A.. Marion School, Overland Schmidt, Julia B., 3828 Wilmington, St. Louis 16 ’ Schrader, Alma E . 1001 Ranney Ave , Cape Girardeau , Seitz, Ray R 5309 Lucas Hunt Rd., St. Louis Sellman, * William N„ 7628 Walmca Ter, Clayton . '-laycon ^ Sheets, R. L 13ltf Dunklin St , Cape Girar¬ deau 1 _ Shepard, Samuel, Jr., Carr School, St. Louis Sherman, Lucile A , 3600 Roanoke Pkwy , Js-an Sas City Shikles, Gail, 2411 E 70th Ter .Kansas City 5 Shipley, G. L R„ Harrison School, Tipton Shores, Dr Roscoe V., Assoc Supt of Schools, 224 Liberty Bldg., Kansas City 6 „ Skinner, Wiley V. 5915 Park St., Kansas City 4 " Prances Elisabeth, 3H'/2 Jackson t, Jefferson City _ . Smith, Joe W., 7334 Doncaster, St Louis Smith, Margaret J , 2024 South Si , Lexingtoi Smith, William T„ Jr , 4337 Cute Brilhante o Av K. St. Louis 13 r , |m 0 ot, Viola, 2118 Byers Ave , Joplm Snyder, Wayne T , 3723 Agnes Ave , Kansas City 3 Stanley, Lula M., 515 Walnut St, Carthage Stephens, C. E., 5550 Page Ave., St. Louis D Stephens, E £ 8008 Washington St., Uni versity City 14 , . Stl ^ cl ?an Lexie, Library Bldg . Ninth and Lo Kansas City 6 _ . Stuart, Edith, 436 S. Oakley, Kansas City 1 Summers, Arthur, State Dept of Education, Jefferson City Sutherland, Celia 2814 Sherman Ave,, St. Joseph 52 Sutherland, Lucille, 725 Bellenve, St Louis U a ylor, Roy E , Herculaneum list of members Thompson, Mary A., Greenbetry *«*.. Thompson, *”Owen E. We 11s ton School. St. Thompson! Stella, U 20 -A BLckstcnc Avc . St Louis 12 w t indcn Independents Trask, Vada. 1233 W. L '"“ c “* ‘ foUt <.«»t ' Trumbo, Mitel, 4 ®A,«Wm’A vc,, St. t«*' % tTucker, Isabel, 3826 Vcnh\W£ ^ j jfiVWrJafe. ml, Robert J-, ^n^ucW^tu^jmo.Vl'rtf Weckman, Miriam, 5316 Rockiiih City 4 tit*' * fstYn 4*m*» Williams, Clarence G„ 724 ♦Williams, Garvin R., Eugene Field SrhunJ. S, Ruby M„ SI. 5, BP 42«. *«*. W?fi n Mrs Katherine H . P»Q lndcr« Dew" Dr Charles D„ AtJt. Supt. of StbiwK Box 1677, Billings , . Elderkin, Esther, 233 S. Washington St.. W Erwin, Josephine M., 615 N. 19th St., Balling Flores, Mrs. Zella K„ 514 Eighth Avc. V. Gass W Lloyd C , Roosevelt School, Mrttoula Hennigar, Lucile A. D , Lincoln School. Glen* Johnson, Lowell W„ Supt. of School*. Butte Lausted, Alice, 205 N 26th St., Billing* Lausted, Hulda, 205 N. 26th St.. Billing' Mattcson, Pearl, Largent School* Oic^t McNally, Mrs Dorothy, Columbine O'Leary, Mabel, 326 W. Mercury St., Butte Peters, Joe B,, Box 852, Havre Pttersen, Goldie, 2817 Sixth Avc. . N., Billing' IPeterson, A, G., Pres , Eastern Monwu* M®* 4 Normal School, Billings , Quigley, Mary L , McKinley School. Butte Riley, Mrs Hazel, Longfellow School, Great Falls ., , Ross, Harry M„ U2t Eighth Avc , Helen* Rulien, Esther M,, Box 28, Bozeman , . tVi* - ,. 4 - v.,4f * Ara. «•**»• I*;,* Uhitfif*. Jjit 5* ■ J| 1 i ' William*, J> s , Svr* f ‘ ■ kthra'.k * , . t » If*"!■*«’ AVte FtheJ « , * * Vk tAmrfuty. Mf» t m t>m«h* 13 v |*;»W v,V<><). * AmlrfKti, Glv! i* « . , # t*Ho4 , Vr,«oi * Andtsv n, F*«Vr I ■ r *'* M , *B*»'.*t 3* vh- E V?** * *, E 2 i^M«VW.■ TVkf "iTxvrln < ^'4,^1^* t **?4 I* ll V ft *;ptn »». ' * v •*, * . ‘ C Utk. Ma «*• T - * w * l*tand , I'afk f ' CU'havgH, B *4. A* ** , , „ T rjfiaha T 44*5* ^' * at ngj) Ann* M * i **■%, 1 fan-a/ » «■«« -tarn e, a*'-*''* , , w * *^- l. 4 (*n*h* t * uNirr"'"'* V^”’^ *• *• ^*• ?I jet®#? Si* * * lf . % ♦#«*», f * im 1. «*>•„"■, tCfc t 4i4i P * * * a , 4 j. . _ l - «»tf. Mat* v,pf '* lf,? ;j.V; 1-* ’ l.saJA Ms* 3 > 1,f c.jih titt uh*^ , *-w K ;Vr>«" HanKR. (. y « ” ►,< # ’ Ifait, I"* 1 ;* .,,,, % * ' "t*' : ^ llraln, Ar,«» l . Wtt* 1 Irri'kH I*. * 1* p* . , , S..R.S Vl“ H'ciimhftrt l omt * «* ” Holme*. ‘k*rl. B*'*f’l , , f M, »4***«t« HloBwt, yed* 4 - ‘*1 ' hs , t*ir »h* h»Vwn. I-/*' ‘ r *w.««wjwrt' j 'Ti cmuHv* " .• f Mania. Ma »«►”••* msK ^rnih ttituhfc . „ «, *.' s S)h * [ l **„ " Mato*;. i»;e. um ,M4 >in»>ry, w»< * ”” niialu . .. .* n «ih W • NtW’ w?." i ”.i L . rM> ^ A Misi.tli. I K . •.-!* » ! V " , '‘ 296 ( Nebraska ) t0 0®"ha a"' Margaret F " Dru!d Hill School, I ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPAL % pJ&v m oZ m % i?-ss* ^School, 15 N. CVfifornk /L ad M tlr . of Se **t£no d l”i ?o maha Omaha n ' FIorence - fi 820 N. 24th St., fiTIbfe M ertru 3 d i 2' 5 rvfl S ' | 8th Omaha Dent of FI.™’ Pif* Certification Dlv. Watkins v?’• of Spools, Crete t^i NEVADA “““E P '“‘ <5- HO W. Liberty Mathews’ M rs ° Am y I7 D H p^ c f f - La = Yagas Smalley, Floyd, Supt. 0 { Sd’oois, Hawthorre Beaven Tl, HAMPSHIRE Bowers’ Elsie A*’ p? B 8t *’ Manchester Bushneil A motw 'Su^'of 1 ^ S u cht ? ol > N«hua Callahan Florence ” i, % °{ Spools, Meredith Capron. Mr 'Zi e ^ M ^ e . St. Woodsy,li e Swanzy e A - Cutler School, West “ h d f Bbak, Cl„„ 00t “sir- Th »»“ £v "•S' AIi “ L - Ml Middle St„ Port,. Lewis, "cSl’a I 2 Roc Bester McAllister, Mrs’ Anne*" p^m* ft’ Concord McDonald, John T 95 R ver P1 l I5tow Mgoch, D„ rath y M.. 95 K S r &=ftft' Morrow”’ fe ^** Vernon St, Dover Portsmouth* 6 ‘ Atlantlc Heights’ School, Pak°Dor^? al 8 8 B M ai n° s f Ine p . St l Woodsvrlle Barker. Florence T r ln , ft- PR tsfield R ay, Bernice”A 6 S f Hudson Bussell, Annie F„ 347 aT^m ft Hanover "S I- «J Middle S,„ p Ms .' S„|f few' Tra^k/^imfS, Grweton SCh ° 01, Portsf nouth Acker™ i HRW JERSEY fc”; a “* m- i M.y to Rd , Morrl> f vSied”’ A Cnmlegbm Srt.„l. “uwayn, Elizabeth —*"* uiuiuoi 3 pSeld aUl U ‘* Somerset School, Nortl Pitman BCftha L ’ SurnmR Avenue School bdth‘ M ”-' Mary D - 2 23 Summit Rd„ Eliza' Beck, Richard T„ AkV c.fL'aft 1 -, Rosel 'e Jersey City 4 Supc - of Schools, Bcverstock^He^en R° nd 3 eftft 1 * Linden ™o„d MOTii( a - i» wiiiSrx, B, shop. J. Edgar, ZJO S. Centre St., Merchant- Bloome^Emma’ J^inf J, Sh ft Hills B °«?ch n ’i ft s - Amta Mome' n %’d~ e T 8ton School, Neptune * Avenue C„ „ , ma A „ Brainard, iftfrs. Eleanor l”** Natf, B °w1 Broolc Kearny '* Nathan Hale School, Ed .r Sdooi, SmM Epinii K| " SI Highway £.. w“ Hdt ” C - » M«» Aw., Newaff 5 Helcn M - Girl,’ Trade School, B 1ant"c a c'ity Mar8arCt * 33 S ‘ Windsor Av e „ At- *lSr' ta ” S - 1M Up™ Pl„ K ldBf< , d ISl’te I ”1i'tVW. B«..=rS=id, HJaMd B.7 CadwaUad“ E Dorat'hy’ kIJ S jD°AtV S u :mm, 'i Trenton 8 y Aay * 30 Atterbury Ave., C Newark 2 E1S1C D ‘* Burnet Street School, C Jerse L y° Qtf 6 Seh ° o1 23 ' 14 3 ^alne Ave., c1!e^E o^a v^l o ^ of Ch,Id Guidancei cX’ Sbel S C Br °l f d | treetS A ch0 ° 1 ' F ^°H Atlantic City ’ Mad,son Avenue School, “S’Hah S W E r |a, S ’N, C ^r “«* S».S;st 0 ?M.f i ;„ Snp 'B- Prto . Bread .ad Conroy, 7 Mrs. Helen M., 63 Sherman PI , Jersey u’, £ up tf- BHn Edgewater Coyle, Fre d Ce v 1 - c Li ft St - Pflte «““ 2 Craig James r n o1 4 a Paterson Grove ° * 0cean Grove School, Ocean C Newark ! rnest ' Madison Junior High School, C G7=’n ^^Makolm. Lindm Avenue Schoo , ( L15T OF MEMBERS D»vfd, ll Viv?aa A b.!**'I^flyette School. Bound D4vis, 0l Courtland V.. Evergreen School. Plsun- DeBlaey, H., Christian School, 82 Cottage St., DeBros, Alice Mane, 3307 Purview Ter,, Wert Dm 6 Frank 1 P., 514 Faitoutc Ave., Roselle Park Detlcer, Bessie T . 130 Lake Ave., Boonton Delaney, Mrs. Eleanor C., Woodrow Wilson School, Elizabeth , , Desmond, Anita, School 35, Sip Ave., Jersey City Dewey, Florence E., School 2, Bogota Dickinson, Florence M., Davis School, Camden Diffendafer, Willard t.. Chancellor Avenue School, Irvington _ , „ Dixon, Sadie H., Rt. 1, Rockaway Neck, Boon- ton Dobbins, Margretta, School 6, Clifton Donahue, Claire, Junior High School No, 11, Pajsaic Donnelly, Andrew J., Jr. t School 23, Paterson Donovan. Katherine E., Smithburg Rd., Rt. 3, Freehold Dorsey, Belle E., School 1, State St., Perth Amboy Dowling, Mrs. M. J., Columbus School, Car- teret Doyle, Mrs. Catherine E., 420 Sussex Rd., Woodridge Drew, Frea L , Newport School, Newport Duplak. Nellie P„ 321 Harrison St., Passaic Dwver, John, Marshall School. Elizabeth Eddinger, _ester M„ Bond Street School, Asburv Park Egan, Mary B., 719 Morgan Ave., Palmyra Emmet. Martha M.. Cleveland School, Engle* ’ wood Erhart, Carrie W , 408 Oliver St., Bordentown Fenton, William £),, Rt, 1, Glassboro Ferguson, Mary E , School Admin. Bldg., 1809 Pacific Ave., Atlantic City Fiedler, William G., Washington School, Union City Finger, Mary H., Gregory School, Trenton Firth, Mildred E., 685 Belvidere Ave., Phillips- burg Fisher, Harriet M., Hamilton School, Highland Park _ Fitzpatrick, James E., Jr., Donohoe School, E. Fifth St., Bayonne Flory, Floyd C„ Berkeley Terrace School, Irv¬ ington U tFlower Frank R , 8 East Dr., Margate City _ Floydj James R , 1231 Thornton Ave., Plain- Forester, Dr. John J., Bradford School, Upper Montclair Forrest, John A., Roosevelt School, Fair Lawn Frappoli, Marie P., Preakness School, Paterson tFreeland, Grace A., 38 Elm St., Su m mit Freeman, Florence, Bergen Street School, New¬ ark 8 Frey, Albtn J., Peshine Avenue School, Newark Frick, Mrs. Eleanor H„ Rt. 1, Box 83. Milford Fries,'H. C., 1210 Stillman Ave., Plainfield Funston, Augusta R. t 2360 Boulevard, Jersey , City Gaskill, Mrs. Edna D,, Whiting , , Gannon, C. E., 1230 Broad St, Bloomfield George, Jessie F., 623 Lincoln Blvd., Westwood Gerace, Stephen J„ 33 Poplar Ave., Pompton Plains Go-lack, Luella. 110 N. Second St., Millville Gibson, Mrs. Mae S., Rt. 2, Freehold, , Gioia, Michael, Lincoln School, Hasbrouck Heights . Gleason, Richard L., Washington School, Elizabeth [New Jersey) ^ .non S&** 1 Gntdcr, R Boyd, Elmer . Goodwin, hits. Ruth ¥., Alim School. 9 * Gmab, Jmepb A., Box 556, m. t, %**$% Gough, Kathryn G., 2672 Boalevst < ^ ^ GrM*/c!ififord L.. Grammar Sch«ji. Wgdf Grcmont, Helen C. 370 South Ave., Greenan, John T„ 312 N. Wain* »**. Grceonugh, Edith R.« Washington School. fGronde, Franklin J., 218 Fourth A*« m Carolyn R., Rt. 1, E, ^ 5 cvc |t Ha Ho ran, William F„ Theodore R°° School, Elizabeth . __ Ave° ttC Hammeli, Ethel C., Massachusetts School, Atlantic City , c ti Pa t- Hammond, D. Stanton, 309 E. 42 nd erson . . , „, v Hind, Horace, 240 Fowler Ave., Jertg^jide Hardwick, Mrs, Catherine H., 332 w Ave., Newark 4 . jehn 01 ’ Hargrove, William B., Elliott Street •> Newark , „ VpP er Hartman, Albert L„ J04 Haddon P‘-> Montclair . _ A^ e “ Hartman, Richard M«, 183 Frank Midland Park , . nvtP°jL Harvey, Esther H„ Washingtoni School. M^eth Hawley, Arja M._, Columbus School, Edit- fHayward, Dr. George CAx/rt **f prim. Com. 1949, Dept, of Elan. School g a jt Natl, Educ, Assn., 339 S. Burnet »t.. HegeL 1 lizzie C.. 66 S. Tenth St., NeW»Jj Heiney, John F„, Liberty School, Engk^ A ye -’ Heller, Josephine McM„ 6l0 Bea Paulsboro , Av , pO&P Hermann!, Edwin G„ 530 Ramapo Ave., ton Lakes . „. . - , 0 i Atl 9 " 1 Hess, Justin H„ Junior High School, Citv * Oran#£ Hoff, Mrs. Harry W., 363 Lincoln Ave,^ jjigli Hoffman, Edith L., Asst. Pun., J“ n School 3, Trenton scbo oi ' Hookway, A. Thomas, Washington • Bayonne c , , 17 , El ,z Hopkins, Mary M., Elmora School V, Hopfmck, Anne State Dept, of Educ^ ^boob Hotchkiss, J. £>ouglas. South Avenu Irefand* Ruth Anne, Tuscan School. ^ Jacobi Dr. Walter, Dir. of Training Sc Vineland D . . 0lo°“? n iJ, Washiogton School, |fes ! fc VZSfB&Z kX. Mr,. W.. fed— Scb.ob Ken« n EtheI M.. 711 Glen Ave,. Ycfnlti’* 0 * Ke “’M. Agnes. Lincoln Scbooi, 305 « dEwrfi- Raritan 298 (New Jersey) Kelly. Winnifred, Grant School, Trenton 9 Kennington, Charles H , 267 Weequahic Ave , Newark 8 King, Charles L., Mt. Vernon Avenue School, Irvington _ , _ Klein, Mrs. Anna I., School 1, Guttcnberg Knopf, Alfred A., School 9, Paterson Knopf, Edward L., School 13, Paterson Knowles. Mrs, Margaret A., Madison-Monroe School, Elizabeth , Koerncr, Grace E., Seth Eoyden School, Maple- wood Kumpf, Carl H., Miller Street School, Newark Kuntzclman, Harvey A., 87 Myrtle Ave., Dover fKurtz, Louise, 193 Whitford Ave., Nutley Lafferty, Mabel, Glassboro Lawpaugh, Howard E., School 10, Paterson Lawrence, Clifton E., Wantage Cons. School, Rt. 1, Sussex Lee, Eleanor R., Mott School, Trenton 10 Leiwerling, Gretta V., Washington School, Trenton __ . Leonard, Mary A,, Bd. of Educ., City Hall, Elizabeth Levy, Harold, 875 Avenue C, Bayonne Lewis, Mildred A., Maple Avenue School, Morristown Libby, Herschel Scott, Supt. of Schools, Irv¬ ington fLocher, Mrs. Charlotte E., 214 Roosevelt Ave., Hasbrouck Heights Logan, Mary G., Box 106, Kingston Long, Mrs. E, Lucretia, Elementary School, Wenonah Lorenzo, Sister Mary, 37 Sherman Ave , Trenton 9 Losi, Maxim F., 6l Sherman Ave., Jersey City Mailly, Edward Leslie, 34 Kensington Ave, Jersey City Malone George C., Bradley School, Asbury Parle Marconi, John A., Woodrow Wilson School, Bayonne Martz, Frank J., Lincoln School, Cranford Matthews, Ethel M., 403 S. Parkway, Clifton Maxwell, Mrs. Doris E., Roosevelt School, Lodi McCann, Katherine M., Jefferson School, Tren¬ ton McCaw, Earl W., Fairmount School, West Orange McClellan, George B., Hohokus School, Ho- hokus *’ |l tMcConnell 1 Ralph C.. Texas Avenue School, Atlantic City McCormick, Felix J,, Berkeley School, Bloom¬ field McCorristm, Mrs Edith D , 215 Pine St., Mill¬ ville McDavit, Herbert W , Elementary School, North Caldwell McDonough, Marguerite F . 124 Randolph Rd. t McKendree, Dr E. Wallis, City Hall, Camden McLean, William, Mt Hebron School, Upper Montclair McNamara, Robert F , School 9. Jersey City 2 McNulty, Elizabeth, Oxford Avenue School, Ventnor City McTamney, Mary C . 1444 W. State St. Tren¬ ton Michael, Raymond, Junior High School 3. Trenton Mildred, Mother M , St. Francis Hospital, Trenton 9 M Nutie MrS ^ P- ’ Spnns Garden School, Ife; .Henrietta List, Lincoln School, Lodi Miller, William E , Vine Street School Bridge- ton ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Minasian, Henry, 55 Smallwood Ave Belle ville 9 Moffett Marcella G , 301 W. State St, Trenton Moore, Elizabeth, Greenwich Morgan, Kathryn R., Friends School, Atlantic City Morris, Howard, Jr., Elementary School Woodstown Morrison, HowardID., Supvg. Prim, Hamilton Twp, Schools, Trenton 10 Mosby, Rosa M, 231 Washington St, Mt Holly Moulton, Dr, O. J., Neptune High School Ocean Grove Muller, Anna M.„ Englishtown Mullin, John G., 1005 Broad St., Pleasantville Munson, Ruth W., Jefferson School, Maplewood Neulen, Lester N., 360 Warwick Ave., West Englewood Noble, Martha, East End School, North Plain field North, Florence C., Box 495, Mahwah O’Brien, Edward, Lafayette School, Elizabeth O’Donnell, Anna M., Roosevelt School, Bay onne Ordway, Paul B., Dir Bureau of Child Wel¬ fare, Bd.'of Educ, Paterson 1 Osborn, George H , Jr., River Rd , Chatham Palsgrove, Mabel P., Chelsea Heights School, Atlantic City Parks, Leonard R., Public School, Cedar Grove Parhment, Clifford W., State Dept, of Educ,, Trenton 8 Pascucci. Anna M., Garfield School, Long Branch ■fPatz, Gustav. 2033 Balmoral Ave , Union Peffer, Ernest M., Maxson School, Plainfield Peffer, George W., Florence Avenue School, Irvington 11 Penn, Mrs. Ruth K , Kelly Ave , West Creek Peters, Mrs. Mary V., 22 S Baltimore Ave, Ventnor Petersen, Anne J , 10 Suydam St, New Bruns¬ wick Petty. Letitia A., Jefferson School, Lyndhurst Phillips, Dr Thomas E., School 3, Bayonne Pierce, Dr. Charles B , Supvg. Pnn. of Schools, Audubon ' Pomeroy. Mrs. Elizabeth Moore, Washington School, Montclair Powell, Mrs. Lou B., Roseland School, Rose- land , . , , Predmore, Charles T, Washington School, Plainfield Prentice, Richard K , Lafayette School, Morris¬ town Probert, William W , School 12, Paterson 3 Pultz, Ethel M., 723 Westwood Ave., Long Branch Quig, Emily Hart, 5 Parmley PI , Summit tQuimby, Neal D., Washington School, West Orange fQuinn, Guy L , 2106 Bangs Ave , Neptune Ranney, Russell G., Shrewsbury Twp. School, Rt 1, Eatontown , . — Read, Helen Pitman, Stirling School, New Brunswick Rear, Leslie V., Box 501, Danville Richards, Anna E., Cleveland School, Carteret Richards. William F., School 3, Belleville 9 Richman, Nathan, School 4, West New York Rickards, Edward S , School 1, Denville Ricketts, Mrs. Ella S,, Belmar School, Belmar Ricord, Mrs. M. J , M9 Ayers Ct., West Engle¬ wood , . , . Robinson, Thomas E,, Co. Supt. of Schools, Mercer Co Court House, Trenton 9 , Rodda, Mrs. Charlotte, Mountain View School, Mountain View Roth, Mary E , Cupsaw Lake, Wanaque Sailey, Mrs. Alice B., 1894 Brunswick Ave., 1IST OF MEMBERS Salandra, Felicia, Waver! y Avenue -School. Nc»- q f£ n 3 , e ue A 205 Ocean St., Beach Haven Safcy. J«ome C. 155 Broad St.. Bloom- Samuels, Ethel M.. Livingston School, New Sayre, Martha, 6703 Church Rd., Mcrdunt- Satterfee, William G„ Jr., Alfred Vail School, Morns Plains Saul Anna E„ 2 Harrison Ave., Jersey City . Saunders Dr Carlcton M.„ Supvg. Pnn , Bridgewater Twp. Elementary Schools, Raritan Schaefer, Anna G , Morton Street School, New- 2xk 3 Schneider, Lillian E„ 34 Easton Avc.. New Schwieg, Rhoda C , South Seventeenth Street School, Newark Scott, Anna C, 215 N. Central Ave,, Engle Scott, Dorothea A , Midland School. Rochelle Seeley, John W., Forest Avenue School, Glen Seiberfmg, Anna C., Pennsylvania Avenue School, Atlantic City Sexton, Wray E,, 23 Hoffman St., Maplewood Shepherd, H. P,, Lincoln School, Lyndhurst Shotwell, Fred C., Supvg. Prin. of Schools, Franklin Siclder, Edna F, 61 Pitman Ave., Pitman Sickles, Mrs Viola L , 20 De Normandie Avc,, Fair Haven Simons, Mrs Myrtle H , 67 Salem Ave., Burl¬ ington Smith, William R , 270 Highland Ave , Newark Smulling, Hannah P., 529 Fourth Ave., Haddon Heights Suavely, Francis B., Robert Treat Junior High School, Newark 3 Southard, Mrs. Maude B., 425 Trinity PI., Elizabeth 3 Sozio, Pasqualc, 381 Parker St., Newark Staffer, Ethel, Montvale School, Montvalc Steuer, Elsie A., Grant School, Dumont Stevenson, Margaret L., Junior High School Ohio and Pacific Aves., Atlantic City Steward, Harold D , 124 Fairbanks St., Hillside Stiles, Hazel B., 122 Wildwood Ave., Pitman Stockwell, Acme B , Clinton School, Maplewood Stoddart, Walter E , 57 Sandford PI., Newark 6 Stokes, Lillie M , 212 Dodd St , Weehawkcn fStratton, Mason A , Chelsea Villiage, 125 N. Hartford, Atlantic City Straub, Dr. J Harold, Willard School, Ridge¬ wood Streeter, R A , Public School, Essex Fells Stn-ker, Ethel M., Tumor High School 5, N. Montgomery St, Trenton Stull, Mrs Anna G,, Lafayette School, High¬ land Park Summers, Mrs Katherine W., 479 Irvington Avc, Elizabeth 3 4^. e , es ‘,M r 5;.Bmily H , Brighton Avenue School, Atlantic City Swan, George L , Emerson School, Teaneck laistra, Lucyan John, School 8, Seventh and Jefferson Sts., Hoboken T^ 0er r - Ann t E f. , Sch ° o1 17, Paterson Dylor, Grace L , School 6, McKee City s n omeSle J - Har ° Id ' Junior H! « h School, Thomas. Gwendolyn, Long Hill Rd., Milling- T wnoH l<1 qV| C | H ‘ E “ pt ,' South Orange Maple- Tnnm m°° S D 27 ® erbsblre Rd., Maplewood Son s' 7 McG,Ul Columbus School, {New Mexico) 299 lowmrnd, Irving J , Maple Avrnac Miwl, Newark S fTtoy, Ann A., 29M hevtnuE St , Ni.thry tTuinnaugh, E. L , Madison Avenue Sihiwl, liv ingtoft Turtle, 1 rrsttt W,, 235 IhxM St, I lit Orange t Twit hell, William S , Jr, JU L. Delaware Avc , Pennington l’pdikr, Carolyn S , D>:t h Neck *»lir«il, l)at«h NVt k Vandcnbree, Harold A., Rrwrselt School, Haw thnflie Van New, Paul H . 540 R- vcvnlfc Ave , Me* ark 7 Van S-.i kle. HI am lie St <1 9, Perth An>l~■ - r, it; r ff „n i H , Supvg Pnn , Bormigh - Avc, 'I y ,i',a 1 Vkiiii',’ , Mr j' vie M,, Walk fnloml, Pit man Warner, Mrs, Elizabeth, Lawrence Sdirwd, Burl¬ ington Warrm, Dr. Helen B., Smith Eighth Street School, Newark Warwick, Raymond, Bradley Park School. Neptune Waxwond, V, I'., Liberty Street .School, Lons Branch Webster, Mrs, Angdu M.. Bus R.’, Hazkt Weiglr, Charles l... Fairmmutt Si hi ml, West Orange Wett, Paul G., New Vernon Wicdcr, Humor W., 949 W. Eighth St., Plain- held W/ldc, Anna A , 174 S lEighwijod Avc,, Glen Rock Wtlgus, Glut lev M., Stliiwd 4, Fanwwsd Willey, Fdith W,, 1118 I.uplun Ave,, Wood hury Wirths, Dorothy, Stlinrd 4, < liffsidc Park Wood, Joseph l , M2 Vzi!r> Rd , Upper Mont¬ clair Worth. Charles L„ Third Ward School, I.amhertvillc Wright, Mrs. I the! V, T„ Richard E. Byrd School, Glen Rock Wright, Stella J., 154 Welt-in St., New Brunswick Yeager, Mrs. I-.leanor C,, Park Avenue School, Pleasaritville Young, Donald M., Bangs Avenue School. Asbury Park NEW MEXICO Adams, Orval E.. 1051 Seventh St., Las Vegas Alexander. Mrs. Betty, Box 904. Taos Arlcdgc, fvfrs. Ellen, 125 $ Ninth St, Albu¬ querque Baker, Blanche, Central School, Las Cruces Bigelow, Mrs. Margaret, 322 N, Carlisle, Albuquerque Bobo, Mrs, Irma, 309 Buena Vista Ave., Alhu- querque Bradley, Mrs. Corinnc W., Gra .dview School, Las Cruces Campbell, Frank S., 1013 Sheldon St, Clovis Chavez, Adolfo. 64? Sunset Rd., Albuquerque Clark, Clifton W., Supt , Dona Ana Co., Las Cruces Conlee, Robert II , 4l6 Tulane PL, Albuqucr- que , Cowan, Mabel, 516 N, Arizona St., Silver City Crossett, Mrs. Pearl, Elementary School, Anthony Curtis, Ward, Dir. of Elcm. Educ„ 350 W. Marcy, Santa Fe Deaton, Mrs Laura Mae, Box 792, Roswell Depenhrink, Waldo S., Garfield De Vancy, F. Elena, 7061/2 N, Haiagueno, Carlsbad 300 (New Mexico) Dillard, Mrs Wilma, Rt. 1, Box 128, Carlsbad Doherty, Mrs. Helen L„ 125 Maxwell Ave., Duggan, Coral, Central School, Anthony Duhn, ilrs. Martha, 420 S. Yale, Albuquerque Fowlkes, Willie R., Box 126 , House Gill, Donald K„ 601 S. Fourth, Albuquerque **Goff, Harold R., 3212 Monterey Dr., Albu- Gonzales! Adolfo C., 1585 Cerro Vista, Albu- Gnay? r ?iowell, Box 111, Farmington Griffith, Kathryn E , 33w* Van Patten, Gulnn.^Mrs? Alma, 420 Parker Rd., Las Cruces Hays, Louella, 1016 Seventh St., Las Vegas Holland, Mrs, Cora M., 316 N. Bayard, Silver Hoskins, Harley D.. 421 S. Amherst, Albu- querque _ Hosmer, Oscar H„ Smith School, Deming Houpt, Otis, Box 21, Tucumcari Hunton, L. E., 815 S. W. Pane. Portales •James, R. M., Central Grade School, Portales Jeffers, HaroLd, Box 224, Las Cruces Jordan, Mettie, Box 375, Eunice Kornegay, R. C,, Malaga School, Malaga Leason, Marjorie, 421 N. Fourth St., Raton Linthicum, J. B., 1006 W. Tijeras Ave., Albu- Low, et frank, 3013 N. Arno, Albuquerque Lyster, Amy, 1312 Seventh, Las Vegas Marley, David W„ 720 N. Monroe, Portales McCollum, Dr. J. R., 2928 Santa Clara Dr., Albuquerque McMahon, Mrs. Iona, Lucero School, Las Cruces IMills, Charles L., Box Y, Hobbs Mills, Vernon R.. 615 S. W. Union, Portales Mitchell, George F„ 315 S. Tenth St., Albu¬ querque _ - . Mizer, Mrs. Marie, Rt. 1, Box 66, Deming Mock, R. R., N, Fourth Street School, Albu- quecque Moss, Albert B., Junior High School, Carlsbad Nees, Ruth, 133% S Alameda, Las Cruces Oda, Sister M., O.S.F., Cuba School, Cuba Payton, Lowell, Rt. 2, Box 139-A, Roswell Poweli, Fay Burr, 101 S. Missouri Ave., Roswell Riddle, Tom A., Supt. of Schools. Carlsbad , Riordan, Kathryn, 504 S Gold Ave,, Deming Robbins, Raymond H., Box 83, Lovington Rose, Charles L., State Supt. of Public Instruc¬ tion, Box 999, Santa Fe Russell, Mrs Clem, Mestlla Park Schupp, Ona E 223 N. High St„ Albuquerque Short, Walter G., Park School, Artesia Stanfield, Bertha, Elementary School, Hot Springs Totten, Clyde, 703 S Michigan Ave., Roswell Tracy, Stuart B , 1147 N. Alameda, Las Cruces Traylor, R. V., Central School, Lordsburg Tunnell, Hal, Box 153, Lovington Vercher, Leander J, 226 W. Court St,. Las Cruces Watson, Dorothy, Pinos Altos Watson, Mrs. Mary R., County Court House, Albuquerque White, Jessie, Springer Woodruff, Fannie, 107 N Eighth, Artesia NEW YORK Abate, Harry F., Niagara Street School, Ni¬ agara Falls Abbott, Eva M . 1626 Weston Ave , Niagara Falls Abbott, Ruth M., 90 E, Main St., Port Jervis Adams, Norma A.. 406 Turin St., Rome Albertson, DoroHw E , C-dat A-*e , Pough keecsie ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS ' Allen, Doris E., Lyncourt School, 2711 Court St., Syracuse 8 Alien, Edward, Public School, Akron fAllen, Florence M., Grove Street School Freeport Allen. W. Paul, Fox Meadow School, Scatsdale Aloisie, Sister M., 333 E. 62nd St., New York 21 , Alt, Florence, Webster School, Syracuse , Anderson, Ellen R., State Teachers College, Potsdam Andrews, Wendell B., Lincoln School, Schenec¬ tady Anesta, Sister Mary, 109 E. Seventh St., New York 3 Antell, Dr. Henry, 120 Kenilworth PL, Brook lyn 10 Aquinas, Sister M. Thomas, Mt. St Mary's Academy, Newburgh Arnold. Prank C„ 35-54 88th St„ Jackson Heights Arnold, Raymond W., Roosevelt School, Ken- more Ast, Raymond J., School 42, Buffalo Austera, Emma H., School 26 Bronx, Burnside and University Aves , New York Avery, Faith B., Irving School, Catskill Axel, Tamah, 2435 Dickens Ave., Far Rockaway Ayres, George R., 305 Union Ave., Mamaroneck Bailie, Iva D , 82 Glen Avc„ Port Chester {Baker, Harold V., Chairman, Edit. Com., 1947, Dept, of Elem. School Pnn., Natl. Educ. Assn., Daniel Webster School, New Rochelle „ .... Banks. M. Alberta. 825 W. 187th St., New York 33 ,, Banks, William D . High School, Corinth 2 Banta, Katherine A., 65 Wesley Ave., Port Chtstcf Barber, Elon L , 610 Garden St., Little Falls Barr, MacArthur, Supvg Prin , Public Schools. Barreth'john J., 649 Norfolk Ave., Buffalo 15 Barry, Winifred A.. School 5, Oceanside Barth, Mark, 45 w. 81st St., New York 24 Bartholomew, Bertha M., Boynton Junior High School, Ithaca . e . .. Bastedenbeck, Miss R. R-, Prospect Street School, Baldwin, „ ... c . Battershall, Minnie J., 1012 Albany St., Baughner^Lillian M., Fifth Street School, Ni- agara rails Be|gSj Frances E.» Jefferson Apts., Niagara Benedict, Mildred F., 59 E. Eighth Ave, Bennett, Agnes Marie, 308 E. Main St . Frank- Bidaf Mary, Shngerlands School, Slingerlands Bigall, Mrs Anna R., 8548 150th. St., Jamaica Bigley, Curtis F., School 19, New Scotland Bildetsee^Dorothy, 135 Eastern Pkwv . Btook- Bingham, Florence M., Sherrill Birnbaum, Hyman, Joan of Arc Junior High School, 93rd St. and Amsterdam Ave, New Blair, fk Mary Mi., School 20, Heberton Ave., Richmond, S.I. Bleich, Eraanual E-, 116 Henry St, New York 2 , „ ... Blodnick, Morris, Junior High School 73, W McDougal St., Brooklyn 33 n ,, . Bloomgarden, Saul, School 54 195 Sandfor St, Brooklyn Boardman, Dr Walter S . 1 Atlanta ■ Oceanside Pngdn, An:: 1 c 622 Plant 3t„ Utica 4 list of members 4 Rnfe«on Dr. F. C-, Prof, of Fine , Mrw Ywfc University, wVibingtftn Square, Ns»r Bo^ick, Eva Gibbs, Rochambeia School, While Bowie,^Arthur, Asst. Supt,, School 246, 72 Veronica PI., Brooklyn 26 Braucher, Howard S., MaiWWquS, Broderick, Lillian, 216 Park Ave, Hafer* Brogan, Mabel M., School 40. 241 Oimd* Sf. Brown* Mrs. Gertrude F., School 4, 198 Binnino Ave„ Rochester 11 Brown, Dr. George Victor, SlIhwi Ui, Ft Hamilton Pkwy. and 4Md St,, Brooklyn to Brownell, Mrs. Winifred, Frank iin Schnot, Syracuse „ Bruce, Claribel, School 32, KM rftrmanfflwi Rd., Rochester 9 Bruce, Percy W., Rojlyn Heights Wbmd, Roslyn Buckley, Mary M., Kemble School, Utica J Bugbee, Mrs. Nellie G., Rt, 2, OntWi Bulles, Berton G,, 21 Elm St., Nanay Burke, t Edward A., Central School, South Kortright tBurlein, Anna Louise, Box 93, Fl. Haroj!t‘>n Sta. 9, Brooklyn Burley, Mrs. Hazel M., 233 Union St., Ham burg Burnap, Frank J., Stottviiic Burns, Anna E,. School 3 Queens, Mi ll 20th St„ Long Island City 2 Bush, Clifford L., North Hornell School. Hornell Butts, Franklin A., Governor Clinton School. Poughkeepsie Byrne, Jane, Cleveland School, Syracuse Caesar, Irving, 1619 Broadway, New York | ! .i Calhoon, A, Ray, Theodore Rmwvdt School, Utica 3 Cameron, Sarah A., School 46, 279 F.. IHth St., New York 58 Campbell, Ethel M., 83 Grove Sr., Iln.n Canfield, Earl Rt. 2, Montour Falls tCarey, Elizabeth B„ State Education Dent , Albany 1 Carl G. Harold, School 82, Buffalo 15 'village C Sta H ‘’ 9042 206Ul St * Carpenter. Roy H., a Sutton PI , Ossining ^Isfancl 1 ^ Ave,, Staten c 4 l , AS: i s , a,,n s i b r 1 w ‘ B “™“ “ i § I i dle v F< - J« SeoK St., litres cJt^n’ u e i en £*' 7 $} Gfcnwood Ave., Buffalo (j faln T5^ e 8a G Kensington Ave , But Ca pelham 7i 65 fted W * P,l, ' >r ' c(t 1,,!1 Srlrew!, Caulfield, Ceylon K.. Croton Falls Chaffee, Everett C., 2400 Ch.h Rd,, Rmhejte. ^School,’ STO Gkdy! Hul1 ’ Huo,in R tftn Schoo S f Bufe’6 ImmiCull,e Heart <' f M«y ' C Nmgar C a h Fall s ** MiliUr7 Rd - *'• <7, Clarke Swtfc y»“\St. Brockfaori hamton h ‘ 24 CoIuft,b,B Ave., Bing- CI Ver C non Marthl H " 60 Broad St., Mt. C Rofcer Ed 3 Win ° ' Northf,d ' ! P ‘^'1 School. (N*w Y'-fk | Mil rv.fr*n, Walden t . Snf4 n* VW !%?*<»•* f «*,«, fmt B , %l«w| K «V. “ «rt<3 I JVlb 54 , Ti*m \ nk ** tilp-b 14, K'Ak% ft sk Rvf Wafer H f'nhro. Ja.rS, frht *! 33* *6 I##? Av#, SreedkhB 12 Crehrn, ftWwft, tv. J ,f d f>e atrf Ivr . H'ftnkjyre |% f**re, las M , 115 r f*Ta* , w4 H , 5f»iKW»r 3 ( 'IrTOao, t»fot||i* A vie. 1 «*’,«* {»( %b-> r A Prl ham A3 ( «»5irer, Msa, tWffud* K , 54»*»»»», ; Vjnh M and **»h 14 , FW#I P*il Minnar. Sft5 AnJiwj M ferwiv J »>wv»c Vetrmrea. < mam, jnhn ¥ , I4IA Hnir** Aw , fva* Ye A ( n«rr*v, >4ft Mafw *4 , ?3 f 4 . vtaien la1»j*4 4 r«nn. NtJJw. Waahmtfttm kyratsaw ♦ f( Cutrrlt* V , SUU-V.J It VfWffil, !U« ° sir Av , fmftrUei S, t whin. Mn lease* A . 5 Wr*l AAeMty i >^ir51r>, Hfhii A , N At , ti«n f fs-.tt- C hrr*S*ne. 54 15ro 54 « Ejt»#*<•.»« f-atw, lirott 4 , fcWwrt Fri». 0 3w.ho.»*{» R 4 , Antv<*?'.k ( »n»t, Mntjr-n K . Fltmmaty Sehwd, Y»ce L., Mensnrh Srboot, Atbsay 4 IJonshuc, Liliian. Sewini Mho* 1, Auburn iwnneliy, 1,11* Mms, HutH»n*Mt Mlnsal, Pelh»m Dmre.lrere, John J., Cr«ton Junior Hr*h School ?n Bron*, Nrw Yrerk 14 l> •/ n-y. Mimic 114 WvChtUm St., M I r,.« U *t Pun. | r-!5 H. W*3hitt*tt*ft SchnnS, Ken- M'3 " t* S THump*r*n S*bo«l.. wsrerrewn Pwyet, Madflrm**. P>"*4 V yjJS' WulH hhclmt il« •' , nt .1 , t* i~4 F, 1'th ft., R"t Mv • 302 (New York ) elementary school principals Eberhardt, Rose, School 62 Bronx, 660 Fox St , New York 55 Eckhardt, Florence, 45 S. Lake St , Hamburg Edgerly, Alice L., School 93 Bronx, Story and Elder Ave , New York 59 Egenhofer, Lillian, Gere-Tompkins Schools Syracuse tElia, Mrs Viola E„ School 42, 71 Hester St., New York 2 Ellenbogen, Mrs, Evelyn, 168 W. 86 th St , t'Jcw York 24 Ellis, Harry T , Sacandaga School, Scotia **tElrey, Mrs Florme H., Exec. Com., Dept, of Elem. School Pnn., Natl. Educ. Assn,, 9 Vernon Ave., Batavia Elsbree, Dr, Willard S., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 27 Erdwurm, Lucy, 430 E. 86 th St., New York 28 Ernst, Christine C., 366 Quail St., Albany Eskowitz, Clara, School 213, Hegeman Ave., Brooklyn 7 F.sler, Ella G , 2C9 Columbia Ave., Syracuse 7 EtUnger, Samuel, School 3, 33 Hancock St , Brooklyn 16 Evans, Mrs. Julia B , 253 Conkey Ave , Rochester 5 Faddis, Gabrrelle Joan, Greenwich House, 27 Barrow St , New York 14 Falk, Herbert A., Supt. of Schools, Sayville Farina, Nicholas A., School 5, Cedarhurst Farrell, James E , School 11 , Poplar and Doat Ave., Buffalo Feinberg, Horace B,, School 125, 264 Blake Ave , Brooklyn 12 Ferguson, Ruth O , 30 Cottage Ave., Mt. Vernon Fern, Elizabeth C , 35 Silver St., Norwich Ferrand, Richard, Winchester School, Buf¬ falo 10 Ferrea, Peter E , School 130 Queens, Lewis Blvd. and 42nd Ave., Bayside, L I. Filleman, Amelia G , 1328 La Moyne Ave., Syracuse 8 Finkel, Morns C , School 33, 418 W 28th St , New York 1 Fisher, Charles S , 411 S. First St, Linden¬ hurst Fitzgerald, Catherine R., 210 lay St , Albany 6 tFitzgerald, Dr James A, Fotdham Univer¬ sity, School of Educ , 302 Broadway, New York 7 Fitzgerald, Mary F , School 16 , Troy Fleischer, Max, School 73, 24l McDougal St , Brooklyn 3 Fleischman, Samuel, School 100 , W Third St and Sea Breeze Ave., Brooklyn 24 Fletcher, Mrs Eudora, School 99, Ave. K and E Tenth St , Brooklyn 30 Flynn, Julia M., School 1 , Saratoga Springs Flynn, Margaret E., Tenth Street School, Ni¬ agara Falls Flynn, Mary B , School 125, 22 LaSalle St., New York 27 Foley, Alice L , Brighton School, Monroe and Elmwood Aves, Rochester Foley, Florence M , 316 E. 18th St , New York 29 Fonda, L Gladys, School 162 , 53rd Ave and 201st St , Bayside Foster, Ruth C , 550 Seventh St., Niagara Falls Fotch, Mildred A,, School 21 , 399 Colvin St Rochester 11 Fox, Benedict, 11 Oxford PI , Rockville Centre Friedman, Miriam, 350 W 57 th St . New York 19 Friedmann, Hemy, School 134, 18th Ave. and E Fifth St , Brooklyn Fry, Mrs, Virginia P., Rt. 25A, Rocky Point Fuller, Kenneth A , North Park School, Lock- port Gambella, Mrs, Marion E. F.. 377 E noil, St, New York 37 ' 17?th Gannon, Mrs Agnes C„ 2 Campbell Rd Ct Binghamton C.astwirth, Paul, School 4 Queens, 39-20 27th St , Long Island City Gates, Dr Arthur I, Teachers College, Co- lumbia University, New York 27 Gehrmg, Beatrice ML, Brooklyn School, Batavia Fulton ■ HiK " m Hi « k Gibson, Carl E., 4143 St. Paul Blvd , Roches¬ ter 12 Goodman, Katharine M,, 134 Lakeview School Jamestown Good stem, Seymour O. J., 1544 Union St, Brooklyn 13 Goodwin, Nellie L., School 105 Bronx, Holland and Brady Aves., New York Gordon, Mrs. Henrietta O., 116 Lincoln Rd Brooklyn 25 ~ 308 N. Brandywine Ave , Academy Street School, 155 Delaware Rd., Ken- 32 Maple Lane, New Hyde Gorham, Mary E., Schenectady Gorthey, Mfiriam, Amsterdam Gould, Clifford M more tGraff, George E., _ Park, Long Island Graham, Mattie, Hoosick Rd , Rt 1, Troy Green, Mrs. Viola G., School 172, 825 Fourth Ave., Brooklyn 32 Greenberg, Joseph, School 238, Ave. P nr. Quentin Rd., Brooklyn 23 Gale, Roberts J., School 4l, Buffalo 4 Gnne. Ambrose A , 349 Busti Ave., Buffalo 1 Groad, Mrs. Libbie P,, School 69, 125 W 54th St., New York 19 Gross, Emanuel, 940 Grand Concourse, New York 56 Gross, Mrs Sadie H , School 20, 1086 Fox St, New York 59 Evershed School, Niagara Gugino, Peter R. t Falls Haessig, Alma E., Rochester 11 Haggerty, Mane, Mamaroneck Hague, Gordon A., Lincoln School, Kenmore 17 School 44, 820 Chili Ave , Barry Avenue School, Haldane, Mildred C , Pennington School, Mt. Vernon Hall, Ava Box 58, Mt. Vision Hall. Mrs. Eleanor S., 906 McClellan St, Schenectady 8 Halhgan, Thomas C., 168 Pinehurst Ave, New York 33 Handley, Mrs. Myrtle C., Robert Morris School, Batavia Hanrahan, Loretta L , School 44, Maple Pkwy , Staten Island 3 Hardy, Ruth G , 35 Garden PI , Brooklyn 2 Harris, Daisy M , 1826 Valley Dr., Syracuse 7 Harris, Mrs. Sabra T , 36 Otis St , Rochester 6 Hathaway, Edna E., Park Street School, Gloversville Hawks, Burt D , 2645 Oneida St , Utica 3 Hayden, Mrs, Rena C., John Lewis Childs School, Floral Park Hayford, H. Dorothy, 1330 Fourth Ave, Watervliet Hearn Margaret C., 252 E. 6lst St., New York 21 Henig, Reuben, 548 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn 11 Hennckson, Mrs. Velma W., East School, Neptune Blvd , Long Beach HerSelle, David, School 149. Sutter Ave and Wyona St., Brooklyn 7 Hess, Dorothy C , 724 23 rd St , Watervliet Higgins, Gordon H , School 6, Hickory St., Buffalo 4 list of members Hinderland, Laura J-» W Brath M , fHirschbeck, Loretta M., 3*5 PWam* Aw , Hiisdanskyf Simon, School 4, 1501 fahno A*r < h£, Edna M., School H. 25? Otar** *» Holland, er Mrs. Mathilde s... tkndy Avrft * Hobsom*’JtofchrfitJnc C, thifrllpn V , Holcomb, Leola L., 17* Craty A' r « B J 0 U hair,ton Holmes, Keith D„ Ffcevjc , ,, . Hopf, Floyd V,, Pine Woods School. »*»»fn Tonawand* , „ . , Hopkins, Johanna M„ 35-15 84th 54 , Jinkn^t Heights Horton, Lena Mary. Silver BtttorK f«, 45 E. 17th St„ New York Horton, Robert Lee, Grade ScbtMtl, Am«x*ft sett, LI. Howell, Wallace 257 Magnolia St . I'lftvi* Howland, Jared L., Mary Sheet jHlioM, I’t. Huestis, Maty D., School 4t, .*54- 53 Ave,, Bayside Huggin, Ellen. School }, Dunkirk Hughson, Arthur, 1412 Catoft Ave,, Bn»"k lyn 26 Hulbert, Bruce M., Flower Hill Sc haul, 5' rx Washington Hulbert, Marguerite D., 321 P,at Ave , Rochester 11 Hunnicutt, Dr. C. W., School of Dins . Syin¬ cuse University, Syracuse Hurd, Merrill F,, General Mailsn CcrHiaS School, Glcn&cld Hutchings, Francis R. t Valley St hoot. Man hasset Hyde, Ellis B„ Elementary School. Dante .11* Ives. Ronald L„ Union School. Gaystg* Jacoby, Henry, 3400 Wayne Ate.. NVw York 67 Jaffe, Samuel S„ 40 E. 8 Jtth St , Mew York 'J* W, Ada E„ 353 Bedford Ave,. IL.Slak) tjanuary, E. L„ 43-08 4m Cl.. Sunn* tut* 1 1 Jenks, Ilsie l,, West End X In . J, I '■ Mncy Orlo K,, Roosevelt mi I. ? Rochelle Johnson, Marguerite A,, 2 Cumpton Ate. Great Neck ^Falls' 1 ’ ^ lta ^ ^00 ^ s, Maple Ave , Niagara ^Rochester *" f! Barjingts-n St, Si Marcella Sumner School. S'.racute 10 tJ Rnchest?9 C W W " 22 J Deerfe *4 Dr. Joyce, Mary Irene, 19 Montrose Ave,, Buffalo Leo A -< 330 Doat St., Buffalo 1! wann^T ’ Jf " 40 Ro «lV Aw.. Lack*. St.. Brooklyn 3“; A1, ?a 510 W. 112th St., New York 25 Kaufman, Murray, ifij Ocean' Ave.. BhU § *pte 2 , JaSaica IS ‘ tl0rC ' * 1 ' 19 Gnml Ke StJ*, Ti^ Li ’ ScllHo1 17 > Hutton and lAth Ken! e a y ’ S c u n ? r ’ Seymour School, Syracuse 4 Kennedy, Mabel, 204 W. 94th St., Mew York ^^{ochestw 10 - ’ Scho ° l 29 > 450 Humboldt K Johnstown 5 ' LllI ‘ an B ” Mom 8 omery Unit. (Kn* K"lt. ffu f '« V.-,./' .■! #,*<» 34 t»j-e K * “ v* r- “ X >M*r, M's a •»rf» ,Ae r Htrfrr * f* »"-v H , Par* 4 r K k*. Mit*' | . lA^ V H >-vr *',3 t Ha w ' , 4 Mi -. 5 ^ w, hn| Inh* §*, k«.re; v , * 1*V JVi-«c4j*w |% K ,*HE #<»»«►* f£ 4* 5 'f' 1 . ’’l f'<,4r< K.rg M-;« «»« 7 «* %’ V. Yerwiw K Jvjial** S'»«* P . V’ ' 4 *,* 1 < *« ta K„r.&*!.-», fA'-..f c 14,yt'> ca # »‘wui la K-rkta ?* W, 3 1, ^ 4*5-t ir Cain-ra.a’e, * Vi J»* 3M , t ‘ s'* lf ' ife 4 * * % ^ i-l: ? , f K rf * t * w 4 v t< * f 1 * f *e #* a # ^ ^ % i: 1 I **•1*5, AHtt if, 5, r $ 8 ? 1 i fk jft * 1 S',*«.e»bt, V jk 4 It S 1 .... J 1 " k » ”7 »••*. Ke-sre*. A }f i#cf» S 1 f f e-ifi* V(7»m'! 1 . 2 • * IV*’* f} *M.r f M*r>, 5 ^ 4-9 3?,Vv * * % * f f # , sir f*'»»?, ,vv* f . lean, t l't*l«o , 'h 1, ,", I *! $ w 4 1 y ^ «•» Kv4 * # VH*! ftjf ? A ' 1 K ^ ® 1* Ii* ham D* W*4»i 15,, „*, lee. Vfjn >ta I , fi ’X. ■n, ,1*' ' " 'it li n , h'/lt'll D'-v-v, M*n 1 . '',' r - j t t-im 4 ’.t V f>' ' i 4e*n*tt n fe-r*,.f. P 4 r,, I 4*. I ewer. |}t.,-eiw* «# |X4#- 1 , leseritoan, 5-r'r-,, at A*w , ?■„ 1 ;* •7'' tJsrrvM-T 5a T 13 ( *,*,(*> }; Irteraib, Ftr ftt .* J !'».,< 1 % ««*,* l low# 1n»48, t 1 , ;«y M*«»<"** , sy ? 1 ? sky. t *?<», V#w» * 5'4 !*»«• Ave , !!#'(«*?<0 tv hmiffu# t l*vd*ir>. Acg-ai#, Sc l.n, J }*•*. |t,,‘ I5*< 5 3 lit Hrim llaffti, f lun«»i D-'veff, t »-ffc 3 4 M , vi) -*4 l.ultfJl, Hvhii f 24. 2 jwoAJr*,*!* ^ S*tt ,*5 I.Mtv, Ann* t Xr» fbals# 1-JfDt. Jatt-ei A . ftUncf 1%#*, 1 I Mai 4- o»34 t! 13, sr.< « jertre Matlay, ! Irarvai C Ver/MiB Me Kconan. IkSrtt in ,1 t» » **1 v*nwt) - *' t Inihm C(t4k®#, tn lf \ ! 1 *■ • \ew Vein #* ■■ : ' " , $*Hw4 ?, Noitli T»* Vtj g fjet g tM«.Manet, X , S s * HifU, Vw»ol, Ktxktaltf 4 e#»Sr# hieior, t S*»r Itrtr, fk«w<5#» 84. William N , r -< Hmb Jkfr*! i% ' Bum*/?™ r « , Nrw Y-* ** Shapiro, .. t „ ■ 2S4, IH* She** *Mn. M. ^^4 111 Q*hm**, tLgift A%f & \ * . * ' shun. M*ry < : - ■ -JW ,**»«*»•* Skew. Han*. " ' f -■' Sherwood. Mar, Wi * *• ’ ' ShirtH. Mn. h$ %, *7 f Is- - fSmallMifcvt#. Ella, }-*t> - • r • Buffalo _ ... , . , Smith, f hwftfx A , Tamil fkfwwl, 4kr*n*«fc ^ Smith, Henry A, 2*R A*o«r Aw. Wtax Snath. Ifamef I , 4 G'ldWrg.h At , Mvm sJffinZlt., m M, Goodman U %mbm- ter 5 „ Smith Rat W , SeMwI 41, S« ItalWrt * - *. * * ,, *ni«r, fcnftit F f W**hmwm Mb*mh ¥MfM SobotalM. And* » , 3m Aw „ >•*< Sr.uv*. Kenneth J , I akerwd* Jkbenl. V^yClf Sf*cht. Chttlu A . Magiwwt Jkk»‘4. f*r» XorhfUe , , . , „ ,, fSpetucr. fd F, t*3 Ikahtwl Aw. fsanklrt Spdlersc, ’ Kerfvr.-w, fS Hi , RrKhotet S f i „ , . . Spiro, Mauui. Vh»»l f H Rw*«. S*.»4 ana A«jw«d«rt Ave , New Y otk Sffl.-r, Mn. 115a K„ S^lwwl W. J«0 tmmm Ave , Boffibi . Stmmstt. Mt*. Sarah 31. kfwol W. 25ft 3 Noth Sr, New Vwrlt 13 Steel. Mary 3 , Jhhw4 5« QwWMh V.4<4 it. and %4th Ave, Jatkifestt Stile*. Fllama* I,. dm lit, Stilt*. I the? Mead, Hkmxtm School, Gkm Fall* •< Lr.", r- ■.>’: M., SI Aw, V. r-' li-. ; , ; v ., it-. ' The Chilstirn'* Vsllagre, INwfe* irtti , ^ Sullifa.it, Inu A , lakeviifr School, C#«4t Ncafc Sutherland, A«n«, VhonJ U, 188 ». New York Sutherland, Htitidvl, 42$ S« Park Aw * Buffalo 4 Sutton, Gertrude, lit S. Bunk}* a}. Tarry town S» anriic, Mr*. Wife H„ 376 Urh» $*.. Buffalo 11 Swanson, Vivas C., McKinky School, vtllc Swift, Charls* B„ 71 Ouatctu T#r I. ftatstmt Taber, MarierMr. 10 Thufitnn M4 « 11 Tatum, Hr lee Clare, "8 Sixth Aw.. Trer Terrell, Me. Madrhms H„ 44 H mt Aw,, Thews, Sitter Mark, MS W. 42*4 St., York 18 . , , Thiel, Mary M,, Warr-ra Street IctadU Jehntuswn Thiele, Richard G., School 14, m Niip Si., R«k better ? ... T'hmnn, M. Josephine. Gmt School, Hop* Farm Thomas, Ralph H„ Seidcu Thom**, Rufus Ci., 13# Hertford St-, Synnw Tierney. Mrs. Virginia W.» IW 3'eftiam M., New Rochelle Titus, Charles L., Tnddvillt School, Peeksville 306 (New York ) Tofem, Domthrg, 75-12 35th Ave , Jackson Heights Topping, Eva % , 1*W Bicetkcr St, GlovtrwiHc Townsend, Mis. Mildred W., 425 h. 86th St , New York 28 Traphagert, Martin H., 39 Parkway h , Mt, Vernon Tucker, Carolyn E., 50 Howard Ave , Valhalla Upcraft, Milton Rt. 1, Camdtu* Updykc, Floyd Townwm School, I-15 Mid¬ land Ave, Rochester 5 Van Campon, Merritt S, Woodiawn School, Schenectady Van Stone, I, Foster, Grammar School, New City Van Wie, Mrs. Ethel K„ 108 Stevens PI., Syracuse 10 Ver Hage. Thomas J., 74 W. Fifth St , Corning Vett, John G., Jr., Van Cortlandt School, Croton-on-Hudson Vioni, Gladys, North Roslyn School, Roslyn Vlymen, Henry T., School 81 Queens, 559 Cypress Ave., Brooklyn 27 Volkringer, Irene F., Gardncrtown School, Newburgh Waite, Edna A.,- 395 Clinton Ave , Brooklyn Walsh, Herbert S., School 30, Fiske Ave., Staten Island 2 Walter, Ralph, Trinity School, New Rochelle Wamslcy, Paul, 101 Hertel Ave., Buffalo 7 Warner, Stanley F., -87 Prospect Ave., Cedar- hurst Warren, Charles L , Mamaroneck Avenue School, Mamaroneck Watcrbury, John H., Hampton Street School. Mincoia Wayman, Edith A., School 5, Oceanside Webb, Everett S., 33 N. Washington Ave , Hartsdale Webster, George W., 486 Washington High- wav, Snyder Weinberger, David School 181, 1023 New York Ave., Brooklyn 3 Weis, Helen, School 43, 402 Auburn Ave., Buffalo 13 Weiss, Max J., 4627 Kings Highway, Brook- lyn 3 Wentworth, Mrs Ethna, Box 202, Silver Creek Wexler, S. David, 294 Brooklyn Ave., Brook¬ lyn 13 Whittaker, Florence, School 13, 81 Hickory St,, Rochester 7 Wiedemann, Frank J, 1215 Tonawanda St, Buffalo 7 Wilde, Mrs. Josephine Reddy, 156 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn 26 Wiley, James F., Supvg Pnn,, Endwell Willey, Grace E , 3240 Union St., North Chili Williams, Allan J , 2060 Bailey Ave., Buf¬ falo U Williams, Kathryn G , Ransomville Wilson, Ruth A , Cleveland Hill School, Buffalo 21 Winston, Robert D , 101 Pelton Ave , Staten Island 10 Wintish, Mary E., School 1, 85 Hillside Ave., Rochester 10 Wolf, E. Jane, 132 Bouck St , Tonawanda Wo 1 in, Dorothy, 52 Clark St.. Brooklyn 2 Wollm, Maurice, Prescott School, 31 New York Ave , Brooklyn 16 Woodford, Mary W , Riverside School, Rock¬ ville Centre W f e, Anna, 2223 Whitney Ave., Niagara Yensan, Frances M,, Dist No 3 School, Niagara Falls York, Arthur C., Eggertsville School, Eggerts- ville Youker, Bliss J , 224 Sterling Ave , Buffalo 16 fYoung, Dr William E„ Dir. Div of Elem ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Fduc., State Education Dept, Albany 1 Zimmerman, Julius, School 25, 787 Lafayette Ave , Brooklyn NORTH CAROLINA Alexander, Hattie, Elizabeth School, Charlotte Alston, Flossie, 808 E. Lee St., Greensboro Ancrum, Boyd L., Holland School, Rocky Mount ' Anderson, A. H., Kimberley Park School, Winston-Salem Anderson, Mr*. E. R., 323 Beatty Ford Rd . Charlotte 2 Baker, Mr*. Katherine J., Battle School, Rocky Mount Ballard, C. A., Eugene Rankin School, Ashe ville Beavers, Satire L.. 813 Second St., Durham Black welder, Mae, Fayetteville Street School, Asheboro fBlakeslee, E. R , 818 Market St, Wilmmg ton Blankenship, Ursula, Dilworth School, Char lottc 3 Booker, Imogene, Coltrane Hall, Roanoke Rapids Boone, Mrs. Vivian E., Maffitt Village School, Sec B, Wilmington Bostian, Annie E., 328 E. Bank, Salisbury tBrimley, Ralph F W., Co, Supt., Court House, Winston-Salem Brunson, Grace, City Schools Office, Winston- Salem Burch, Mrs. Eva H., 317 E. Boulevard, Char lotte Byers, Walter G,, Fairvlew School, Charlotte Cameron, Julia I.ee, Wadcsboro Carpenter, T. D., 1300 Raleigh Rd , Rocky Mount Chatficld, Margaret, Brentwood School, High Point Cheatham, Ida May, Elementary School, Weldon C heek, N. A., 2213 Fayetteville St., Durham Clary, W. C., Children’s Home School, Winston-Salem ♦♦Coe, Mrs. Verta I , 219 Hillcrest Dr, High Point Cornwell, Laura, 1X6 Grover St, Shelby Cowan, T. W,, 909 Douglas St,, Greensboro ICox, Herbert R„ Rt, 1, Box 103, Seagroye Daniels, M. M , Sallie Barbour School, Wilson Danyus, F R., West Street School, New Bern ♦Dowtin, Louise, William Street School, Goldsboro Durante, Spencer E , Olive Hill School, Mor- Ec^wards, Charles T , 312 Highland Ave , Rocky Mount . Eggleston, Mary E , South Park School, Winston-Salem _ Fitzgerald, Ruth, 308 S. Aycock St,, Greens boro Fogleman, Mrs. Brown, 400 S Park Ave., Burlington _ „ Foy, Mrs. Mabel A., 126 Granite St, Mount Frederick, Mrs, Nannie J., 308 S. Virginia St., Goldsboro „ , , _ ,, Freeman, Allie, Walnut Street School, Golds¬ boro _ ,, Fulltlove. Agnes, 600 E. Fifth St., Greenville Garriss, Thelma, 739 Roanoke Ave., Roanoke Rapids , i Gaylord, Tommie M, Monticello School, Brown Summit , Glover, Viola, 1916 Roanoke Ave , Roanoke Rapids , Gorham, Fannie, 702 Eastern Ave, Rocky Mount .. Greenlee, Mary M., Box 236, MooresvilJe I^Nort A Ddk*tfd) Mr LIST OF MEMBERS „ , u„ rrv v Box 120, Reidwilk tGroe,’ J H V! Supt. of Elem. Educ.. Wiim*n#- H f , 30 Park Avc '- AsheyiJk Harney, KitUe M., 400 W Mam St, bliu< Ua b 5? r Sames A., Box 121, Kinston , , Hattsell, w. W., Wood tow Wilson School, HM«r na Sn! G. C„ Box 449, Mount Airy Heame Clara, Box 68, Roanoke Rapids cjairti Catherines Uncolnton ajinSStt* S, 702 N. College St, HoUowelj, Orene B, South End .School, How'elf^John T„ Appalachian Demomtutnm School, Boone , Hunt, Lucille. 201 E. First St, Kannarmlu * Jamison, Florence, 908 W. I muth St, fohnson^Flieda, 434 Arlington St Gieemtborn Johnson, Mrs. R. F. J.. 904 Garrick Ave, High Jones 0 Mrs. Almonte, Box 33 3, Hendersonville Kirkpatrick, Lucile, Colonial Dr., Thoniasvilic Leath, Marian M., Box 291, Burlington Lee, Mrs. Rita H., 198 Asheland Ave., Ashe¬ ville , ... Lcwallen, Mrs. Inez, Box 25. Ashehom Lindsay, Etta Mildred, Box 149. Lexington Lofhn, Donna Lee, 920 Sunset Ave., Ashcboro Looper, Thomas L , Box 1335, Gastonia ‘Lowrance, Annie Laurie, Fairview School, Winston-Salem 5 MacArthur, Mrs Charles N , 211 Oakridgc Ave , Fayetteville Mason, V. C., Laurel Hill School. Laurel Hill Maybry, Lillian, F.rlanger McAllister, R. Brown, Supt. of Sduwh. Con¬ cord McBane, H. B.. Hillcrest School, Bnrhnetim McCartha, Carl W , liduc. I>ept,. Womans College, University of North Carolina, Greens boro McConnell, Thomas L., 42 Tacoma St,, Ashe¬ ville McCoury, Zelzah, Consolidated School, Ban¬ ner Elk McCulloch, Mary W , Proximity School, Greensboro McDearman, Bessie, 60S Sunset A\e., Rocky Mount McDonald, Ctummcll Howe, 301 Queen St., Wilmington McIntyre, Kate A., Central School, Launnhutg Mclver, William B,, Gillespie Park School, Greensboro W J" M9 Pittsboro St , Chapel Hill McNairy, Carolyn, Irving Park School, Greens¬ boro McNairy, Ethel, 306 Arlington St , Greensboro McNinch, Mattie 411 E. 34th St., Charlotte Medlin, Luther, Central School, Greensboro Merritt, Mrs R. A., 1400 Spring Garden St.. Greensboro Miller, Mrs Essie R , 1116 N. Seventh St„ Wilmington lotte 2 BeUUh ° * 806 S * ?0pUr St ’> C,l «- Nance, Lillian, Box 342, Red Springs Greensboro' Emma ° rr> Ed B cv,llc School, C T1I B - 1 Rt 2 > Bok Hi, Durham vihe ’ B ancle ’ Burton Grove School, Icakv- Owen r ' ii°l n w" 304 Central Dr., Kaniupaln Pjpp 'iu Eeui School, Lexington Pa?ker M M y Aj* £ 20 W‘ J one<; - Ratcifth Parker T / Central School, Albemarle ramer, r A,, 603 Linwood Ave., Durham Fa* Mr, lew IMG M Mam *t , Hy*h F ,M Preirr, A. H , K#o3 BrfiSis'w Ed f n Phtlltf*. t xtt r Mtlver Gsr-rd-ir-' Wiilhpt Dr tvu* B, ' - * N' t’b i ttnUtu t Laj-r! 11 il PiiMtor, M"i Ri,h*?,! S Hfl’ev! “vi *-1,4, bhW Hess!, Fi-tirnic M , B*i 1 * i, I** net ■ Reitsr!, Mrs Mam be v , W* ».,k <*, b *o Rt. 5, MatrtviBr Reynold’, Aliarst S, li\irg^, N rentes At . f d*!?n«.})*t S«w, Mrs P , *01 )V »tti' - 1-*»d M 4 ( hatirdte ; Si hooks, J M , 1 '-nn T *“,,iit,*in Shear in, LiB.r It, ■ R*rk-» Mutant shriwiM,,!. Ann V, I/>Kii StHo/.J, V*!i»S «;» Shirman, Mrs Kathfyat 3& , * x * Paikw*'*. IbgH Point Smpw, Annie IlestiBjt, t**i ' f hes’Sut M , vt ilmingtk»ipm Ashevdk Smaders, Mtt H< *. Hi» kmahatit 4 haves, Vatirc, Rr' Elm St, }hgb IVuni Tidily, Margaart, 3,*B I. SrcoruJ A*r , Gaat-vn,* Taililt, Mrs Rosa Judti-fl, Suptr * i*y S/hmda, Statesville TsJ.'man, Rrtu, M2 fta.r Sy , JJjm’rt Iiilumi, i, * . Box ,’h', R-t*?i Tsirtjcf. Rmme. ShrfjilS S)h*i. Sj roigdare j ? , titCCMhOM WaitungtHfi. Ro-.krr T , % illutmv Purnatv SUmhii, Wilmington Watson, Mr* Matgit Minh Av t oron* St , Wuimm SaIcIIi Young, L«itk, 4UJ D St., N» ith Wdkrako r Yount, M, I;., Supt., Alamame in Sabo-*!*. Ciruham NORTH DAKo.' A Anderson, O. S , Horace Mama Schwnl, Fargo Brandt. lv>, s )-i Ninth Ave, S , 1-aigo •'Brown, R D . ‘til 13th St. »S . F*te» Conklin, I thel M., lOill Ninth Ave, S., Fargo I mingcr, H. |., Inttrvin Smith Sehunl, Fargo tniwrier, William S , Supt, of Silnwk, James toy* n Hanson, Sig-.ie. Wwdrow Wikutt S*H*-*4, Faigo Haitncy, l.lraunr M , 901 Eighth St, h , Fargo 1 mtiritz, Gertrude, Box 931, Minot ttuhtien, i Ufa H, *W2 f ighth .St. N , Fargo Keditun, Mabel M., Wavimtginn Srltwil, Guild Fork* Stevenson, Adeline, t lau Itutoii Sc hoot, l-*»ign 308 {Ohio) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS OHIO Adams, Mrs. Jennie, 1136 Copley Rd., Akron 2 Adams, Mina L., 537 E. Buchtel Ave , Akron Adel, Mrs. Edna Perrill, Smithplacc, Grove- port Alderman, lovira, 654 Mahoning Ave., 'Warren Allen, Cora F. f 872 S. Champion Ave., Co¬ lumbus Althoff, A. E., Box 309, R..D. 3, East Akron 6 Aloysius, Sister, St. Martin School, St. Martin Anderson, Mrs, Stella, 101 Mills Ave., Wyo¬ ming Andrix, Edith, 2579 Queenston Rd., Cleveland Heights Applegate, Earl H., 2945 Lischer Ave., Cin¬ cinnati 11 Arbucklc, Daisy V., 1130 Addison Rd,, Cleve¬ land Arey, Essie, 7309 Van Kirk Ave., Cincinnati Armstrong, W. Thomas, Boone School, Lorain Ash, Beulah M., 2049 Cornell Rd., Cleveland Bailey, Enola, 26908 Detroit Rd., Westlake Baker, Emily VA Miami University, Oxford Barber, Grant W., Rt, 5, Lima Barr, Warren T., Chaney School, Youngstown 9 Baumgardner, Mrs. Irene, Harris School, Akron 10 Beeghly, Mrs. Sue Seybold, 1833 Auburn Ave., Dayton 6 Bensmg, Mrs. Marjorie R., Irving School, 400 Millard Ave., Toledo 5 Bertermann, Helen A., 1339 Cryer Ave., Cin¬ cinnati Beverly, Mrs. Mary Louise, Spicer Demonstra¬ tion School, 382 Carroll St., Akron 4 Bevington, Rachel, 14237 Athens Ave., Lake- wood 7 Biehl, George H , R.D. 1, Louisville Bmiewsky, Jennie, 1940 E, 82nd St., Cleve¬ land 3 Bishop, Bertha G , Newbury School. Toledo Bixler, Lorin E., Muskingum College, New Concord Blanchard, Mrs, Cornelia, Wayne School, Wil- liamsfield Blauser, W W., 180 Raleigh Ave., Mansfield Blosser, Noah O., 104 waverly PI,, Lorain Boardman, Ruth, West School, Delaware Bonfield, Q. Louise, 17605 Kinsman Blvd , Shaker Heights 20 Borden, Ruby Lynn, 600% Pleasant Ridge Ave., Bexley 9 Boys, Charlotte, 3215 W 82nd St , Cleveland tBradley, Helen, 2401 Salutaris, Cincinnati Brandt, Hazel M , 2636 Green Rd . South Euclid 21 Brashear, Doris M., 609 Spring Ave., Steuben¬ ville Brobst, William E , M C 30, Damon Ave . Warren Brown, Alire. 735 Linwood A\f , Ynung. town 7 ’ Brown, Margery J Bethesda Brucker, Harvey, Supt. of Schools, Mar-on Bunnell, George L., Tower Avenue Schools, St. Bernard 17 JBurbank, Nelson L., 5735 Wmtrop Ave , Cin¬ cinnati Buzard, Helen C., Butler School, Youngstown 2 Cabot, Michael L , 4ll Youngstown Rd., Poland Caldwell, Maud, 130 Rice St, Alliance tCallahan, C O , 70 E Olentangy St , Co¬ lumbus 2 Callow, Harriet T "’ON Broadway, Akron Campbell Bess M ’-375 Glenwood, Toledo 10 Carnicom, Harley O , JR4n T"rnss R4 , C !-" 1 - land 5 Carpenter, MildreH P G-ratt Sch-P-ur Case Mary E„ 21540 Detroit Rd. ( Rocky Rivet Cass ley, Mrs. Ethel R , 202 Twin Oaks Rd Akron ’’ Cave, Mrs. Julia D., :4 Chestnut Ave. Wvo mmg ' Chamberlin, Ruth, 327 Newell St., Barberton Chambers, Grace E., 202 Rosalind PL To ledo 10 Chapman, Frieda F„ Youngstown College Youngstown 2 ' Cheney, Olive T., Franklin School, Elyria Chinn, Jean T., 17 Englewood Ct, Toledo 6 Christopher, C. A., Washington School, Youngstown 9 Clark, Jesse M., 67 Western Ave., Mansfield Cleaver, C. B., Norwood View School, Nor wood 12 Cleland, Lillian A , 2444 Lee Rd , Cleveland Heights 18 Clemson, Mary W., Open Air School, Co¬ lumbus Clcndenen, Bertha, Caledonia School, East Cleveland Clinger, Inez M., 349 Cole Ave., Akron 1 Collins, J. M., East State Street School, Ere mont Conger, J. A , East School, Delaware Cooper, Elva, The Plains Coseo, Lucille V,, Sicbert Street School, Co lumbus Cox, Clarence W., Portage Junior High School, Barberton Cram, Mrs. Le Vieve, Broad Street School, Cuyahoga Falls Cummins, Harriett K , 225 W South St, Sid¬ ney Daly, Margaret M , 4053 W. Eighth St., Cin cmnati 5 Daus, Ethel M., Bolton School, 2100 E 90th St., Cleveland Davis, Paul M-. 20 Churchill Rd , Girard Deublin, Anna F , Case School, 1535 E. 40th St., Cleveland 3 De Vilbiss, Opal, 7 Maple St, Trotwood Dietz, Florence A., 1207 Edwards Ave., Lake- wood 7 Dill, Clara E., 1404 Willshire Rd., South Euclid 21 Dittemore, James A., 1535 Parkgate, Akron 13 Divelbiss, C. A , Woodland School, Mansfield Dobbins, Anne M , Betty Jane School, Akron Doeblcr, Carl F-, Gunckel School, Toledo Dyer, Hortensia, Avondale School, Columbus 4 Farl, Mrs Rhea W., Rt. 1, Lima Edmunds, Catherine, 419 Fairgreen Ave., Youngstown 4 Eldredge, Myrtice B , Waverly School. 1925 W. 56th St , Cleveland 2 I ldndgc, Amy, Bancroft School, Youngstown Ellis, Homer C , Supt of Schools, Norwalk 1 mde, John M , 846 Storer Ave , Akron 2 Essman, Lillian, Stanton School, New Boston Etter, Ralph A„ Rt 1, Box 571, Dayton Evans, Edith M., Chesterfield School, Cleve land 8 , _ . , Everett, Ruth M , 1307 Newton Ave , Dayton 6 Everhart, Frances E , Lomond School, Shaker Heights „ _ . Everitt, D. N , Dale Park School, Mariemont 27 Fairbanks, James W , 153 E. Boston Ave., Youngstown 5 „ , . Fealy, Milo A.. 453 N. River St Franklin Fennell, Mrs. Bertha A., 3305 Tuliamote Rd , Cleveland Heights , „ _ . Q Fifer. Emil N., R.R 10, Box 354-A, Dayton <5 Finney, Mary H., Schumacher School, Akron Fishel, Dorothy I , 802 Park M'e 5 W Canton 6 , , - Flessa, Herbert L . 3016 Verdin V-e . -me Forbes Edith I Columbia School Salem c -rce Emm 1 34 M 3.4_r — t. Rittmui- list of members Ford, Ethel M„ 2457 Map* A» . 2 um» B* Foss, Herald D v ,875 Htfahn $*-, Mtm i iXr, S. L„ Madison School, Y#uARM**? fabm, Olive M„ 362 Piedmont Rrf . f«hm ■ Pubis'! Sister Helen, 79 Hi Broadway, fW FrlnWaLr. Harry. M12 CMotd A*< . tint** Franz Georg* F„ 109 W, MtMtllan. Frederick, L. E., Huffman School. Dattto I Fritchie, Geraldine, Parma 4 ) fGabnel. Florence, Vtce-Pre* , Deft of E3r*n School Prim, Natl. I'd-.tc. Mm , tfiMm School, Shaker Heights Gates, Fern R., Roosevelt School, fht,* Gericke, Meta, 2613 Natihn Avar, Ciwtlaad Gilbert, Lee R., 1120 Chardort Rd . EwtM I? Gilhlan, Fredui M,, 110 £. Sh tract Av* , dale Goodrich, J, R,, R.R. 10, Bo* 3« B, Dnytnn 0 Goodyear, Harriet L, 30612 W«gl*k* SS4 . Bay Village 16 Gorman Clara, Harper School, ms3 bn Am , Cleveland tGrabam, Florence M., Murray Hill %-,kw>h Cleveland 6 Gregg, Philomcn H., Pearl Street Scluvif, Marion Gresham, Abhie, Washington School, Nile* Griffith, Ruth M,, School of tdw , Mr anti University, Oxford Griffiths, Ethel, 2095 Northland Ate , f.tfct- ■wood 7 Gross, Kathryn W., Noble School, Tsffin Grand, Mildred, Lake Shore Boulevard Jh JsnnL Mentor Guilfoile, Elizabeth, 12th District Sdwif. Eighth and Melvin Sts., Cincinnati Gulden, William, 50 S. Roys Avc . <,MBfr.hu* 4 Haas, Edna G„ 233 Luck Ave., Za.-.cjvlir Hadley, Robert G„ Ncapohs Hall, H. Paul, Travel Letters, Delaware Hanthorn Alice, dj B. 212th St. JmcDI ?*f Harries, Edward O., Grant Schrvii, l ast {,**■?. pool H m y, . Dr -T, Dav!d Graduate ^hm\, western Reserve University, Cleveland Hartung, Gertrude R„ Barker School, San- dusky Hwemeier Margaret E,. 25B Senator |»t , Cin¬ cinnati 20 Hause, O. P , Rt. 6, Springfield K J r eph 3900 Rwc JM.. U cmnatr G r ge ^ * f w * u'™; L i n * h 150 E. Fourth, Mansfield Hene/' M \Vz 3 , 33 Cmtirtftatr St. Dnhm H Hwnine V«. • Vhwl t Ikn'lftan H(S V u’ 2926 Rock wood pi,. Toledo M land ”' L H ' 19,2 Mal Me ‘ (Sf%r H Heights Sne ‘ C:lnt? ‘ rlnuy Scf »«I < hmtm-i 5i c rf- 4 08 S. Arch A'.*,, Allraae- H Cl«Swd I X2 , * a E ” 14 “ E ' l34th Si - tlsl Holcomb’ fe S D A *’«>°e \ 2 C'- N | w Hopkins ’ Mrs '4 „h? 2 u St . Waciswnith “ 2 Y ">"“ h™ I ' J r 0hn G - 215 Hamer St., Clyde ■aSaSSafW Co! ™‘ n Huene^Maynard L , 209 Indian Hollow » I . S n f; r ° eM s * h Einco '\Schnn | , Sebrrn Tide Marv p Sh ‘ dan School, Youngstown > land HeVt/ "* ’ IS: °C/ ai i^ dch ' W. 7 * 1 *, h . 1 -.-A *} 1*3 • % IW< ifet ■ i ^ iitvhmh 7 rAn 7 #?,_ ;; V l,n., 1, r *^ t Jrm&n Min t **.* fcvatwv, s haft. In'* m; trfar.J» *r * 1 ■»"» ™ir % ^ w < -rl^ Jr A .»* 1 t,a 4 > K rV 1 ’ UwtW * frvhwwvn. Mar- 1 ,S f •-«*»..* fl jjf| ^ #141 jSr ' Kafft 74 '* * ? j ; 4 ',, ,,?»*<* f* Asbaavi , C >*« t a Iwn, <; 1*7* 1 , « .»*/> R 5 fV*fIf rf ^8 Jv*-* ?, ■*.*-» f , * at/*f P* t 1 * i !»n>01 aa Jvtf/J!*, w A , Vt f «+- ; 1 Vwf»* f ^ f v tt*m N ^ M %* „ Hw'* j ^ SKf r|^' f r t’f-, f 4 |i4 0f %f Km Mary ¥ ?* •' M-t* «a«r f>- * >*« I*e4 A Ksftf Mi* »3»*r}ftg«*. tv,; v-w-ct » i4 * t ievitaekd *y King, I ij* II, vxv, M»vF*vs*n hm tr» $ K>mthmmgh' ){«•*{. ss;* f jr.m* ft r land Kmivr, I K»,n!ft#t4v, f ) , ' ' ▼ * ’, '? *«e4*v KV»w« KiskwMjaj} 7 R 7 Kia^lj gR*, fbuwmtA tUbwa*,;, |4#'‘'n KWvnwilh. *14*.'* M. T»B GarfcH W v#^j ti, l 4l ? * King pits, B5*o fiar. Wg." }«* Aw v htr4 % KfllfWjSrlg Ki ■ ^ AW , 4 lavn, ll*i fir I fba ^p* 4 II# 4'h3t . * Uw I tftgrM'Hff. i herhfi. p,r4»« tkhmM. T«*»4v> * l*u*hf*4. Bfs'rwe, ;f*t jg# liwnhmi i fayU'M. IjIkJ I . ?««*S W W . t» iwml u* t *«. t>'(«*14 A , umi lata A** . <*tanw«t4 *, lev. A :t* At Aiw» fIMHfry, ; ,, t o5om5.ii* 5 M#f1 ' r * Am, i,, vrrtrtv Heigh?* A*> n v, ftaf AS 4 ^b«-,3 Hfi*hts *mm, fdyihe. Vb«»l, f^ Mary fw4|, 2»«, fau.,»r„v .%*, |.. Utdtt A Ivsle, Belie Hi id and A*» W*»4>*ism> Madden, t.45tan Svd t.s*rw*o «4 Aw „ AW» Mahoney H*w t ptl l tw , , Ta 1*4« It Mjmhestrj' k'-4«- W V»ig-«»* A*e , Iff M *'fh H», v«4*r>* #' 4 ,s. pi; H *m,th»4b fid , Djrton I Maikiew.tr Marrh* II, ?/<*» g t $ t (lev eland He.ghta v, ■ * ,.fir-«’-i; j ‘v* r, 5 t ,y Sj | s „, L Mf j. Martin, C Iran, <»•# N ftoatf, Martin, lltiahrth. IW N H$m A* , ? •*< Cs.swrttft4tt II ?4 -**w t w * K MsttheVii Jkff M*. H »-* !»-»« vs rf***e*» rath 'y, Laura M ^ fi.u-'fi . i * ; 5 . vt . C'lrvclaod Mr.P- ». ,• j . -,ii 310 (Ohio) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS jMcColInugh. R D., Rt. 5, Mansfield McOirlelc. Olivt 521 N. Third St, Toronto McCoimnk, O.i re A., Arlington School, Lock land McDougle, Ethel, 3776 W. 33rd St., Cleve¬ land 9 McFadden, Agnes, 2285 Lamberton Rd , Cleve¬ land Heights 18 McGaughy, Dr. J, R., Rt. 3, Mt, Gilead McGregor, Mildred, 433 Wall St, East Liver pool McGuire, Gertrude H,, 1835 Belmorc Rd., East Cleveland McKinley, Roy D., Frcderkktnwn McKmsey, Henrietta, Box 1-17, Ashtabula McLain, Goldie G., 312 La Tourette St Marion McLaren, Mrs. Mac, 2473 Overlook Rd., Clove land Heights Means, t Fenton C, Central School, Mingo Junction Meehan, M. Jeannette, 153d Lewis Dr., Lake wood , Metts, D. E., 310 E. ?l6th St., Euclid 19 Militzcr, Edith M., Auburndale School, To ledo 6 Miller, C. I. , Garfield School, Cincinnati Miller, Loren V., 209 E Hobart Ave., Findlay Miller, Rose E., 5233 Wilmington Pike, Dayton Mizer, Lloyd E., Rt. 2, New Philadelphia Moeller, winton L., Hartwell School, Cincm nati Mohme, Wilhelmine, 5240 Wilmington Pike Dayton Monroe, B. A., Box 292, Roseville Monroe, Margaret, 2(52 N Cooper, Lnckland Montgomery, Charles L., 157 S Mulberry St. Chillicothe 3 Montgomery, Ora, Prospect School, Salem Moomaw, F. R., 188 Bridge St , Chillicothe Moore, Mrs Rose W , 121 S Main, Oberlin JMorgan, Edna, 2943 Berkshire Rd., Cleveland Heights 18 Morgan, Elisabeth, Stickney School, Toledo 11 Morrison, Janet, 24 N Prospect St , Akron 4 Morrow, Marie, West School, Celina Morton, Ralph, 1034 Nicklin Ave., Piqua Muir, T M,, Vine School, Cincinnati 10 Mull, Ralph W , Rt 3, Middletown Muskopf, E. W., 7712 Harrison Ave., Cin¬ cinnati 31 Musser, J. B., Supt. of Schools, Middleburg Mutch, Agnes M„ 1393 E. 115th St., Cleve¬ land 6 Neeley, Helen J., Central School, Berea Neidhardt, Kathrine, 1370 Blount Rd , Rocky River 16 Norton, Catherine, 427 Rockingham, Toledo Oechsler, Hazel, Nathan Hale School, Toledo Offerman, Kate M., Court House, Bowling Green Ohlemacher, Helen E , 526 Hancock St , Sandusky O Neal, Harry E , Columbian School, Cincin¬ nati 29 Palmer Hazel, 185 E Main St , Chillicothe Park, Mrs. Helen, St. Clair School, PainesviUe Partridge, Marian G., 519 Nottingham Ter., Toledo 10 Paul, Fred O , East Sparta Penrod, W. Franklin, Highlands School, Cin¬ cinnati 2 Perry, Mrs. Sarah M , 2153 Dorr St To¬ ledo 7 Peters, Edith C , 3686 Avalon Rd , Cleveland 20 Pfleger, Emilie G . 1471 Arthur Ave,, Lake- wood 7 tPhillippi, Mrs. Dorothy P , 156 Southampton Ave , Columbus 4 Phillips, George A , 626 W. Fourth St , Cin¬ cinnati PiUingcr Winifred, Harvard School, Toledo 0 Pollock, C. A., Clinton School, Columbus 2 Preston, F M . Prospect School, East Cleveland Pffipst, James H , IK Vi Auburn Ave. Dayton 6 Putnam, Mrs. Grace M , 164 Park Ave E Barberton 1 Quirk, William A , Heberle School, Cincinnati Rader, Forest I.., 802 Heyl Ave , Columbus 6 Ranft, Aleda V,, 12505 Edgewater Dr., Lake wood 7 Robert, Ruth E,, 255 E. Midlothian Blvd,, Youngstown Renfrow, O. W., Whittier School, Cincin¬ nati 5 Retalliek, Van B , Sharpsbure School, Norwood Reynolds, Carl, 18 E. Maple Ave., New Con cord Rhodes, Anna, 313 Federal Ave , Massillon Rider, Bess D , 1387 Wiltshire Rd„ South Furl id 21 Riffell, Orville F., Rt, 1, Clayton Rist, H. D., Box 137, East Liverpool Ritchie, Mrs Lucile A , Jefferson School, Lima Robertson, Janet, Cleveland School, Youngs¬ town 7 Robinson, Glen I. , Hedge School, Mansfield Robinson, Ruth Mills, 8913 Hough Ave., Cleve- land _ Rocmer, Kathryn, 830 Western Ave, Zanes¬ ville Rook, Margaret Lou, 65 W Tallmadge, Akron 10 Roth, Anna M., 2749 Wicklow Rd., Shaker Heights Roweton, John M . 105 N Hedges St , Dayton Rowley, Mrs. Ruth, Woodworth Ave , Pames ville Ruh, Glenn R., Osborne School, Sandusky Ruhiman, Brother Francis H , Albert Emanuel Library, University of Dayton, Dayton Ruhmschusscl, Mrs Alma E , 429 Kenilworth Ave., Dayton 5 Rupel, Maude L,, 506 W. Norman Ave., Dayton Russell, Mrs. Jessie N, Rt 4, Box 318 -I'F, Toledo 9 Rylander, Martha O., 185 Harcourt Dr., Akron 2 Santrock, Nora, 84-92 19th, Barberton Saltier, Wilhelmina F , Strongville Savage, Elton, Reynoldsburg Schaaf, Leonora, II 6 V 2 Glcnwood Rd., Ross- ford • , _ Schafer, Wilda, Patterson School, Dayton Scharf, John E„ First Street School, Warren Scheuermann, Alfred A., 452 Fairview PI , Cincinnati 19 , _ , . _ Schilffarth, Bertha J , Lincoln Park School, Co¬ lumbus 7 _ Schmelter, Alice, Orange School, Chagrin balls Schmidt, Mrs. Marie, 301 Harrison Ave , Ham ilton , _ , , , Schuh, Bell. 2104 Brookdale Rd , Toledo 6 Scott, Clyde R., Ottawa Hills School, Toledo 6 Scott, Margaret H., 1023 Bunker Hill Rd , Ashtabula . Sellers, Mrs Hazel Pruitt, 25 Adelford Ave , Akron 10 Shaffer, Dorothy E , Madison School, Sandusky Shankland, Alan, Mentor Village School, Mentor , Sharpnack, Natalie, 408 Fair Ave , Salem Shepherd, G C , Louisville Shumaker, Mrs Laura S , 602 N Market St . Gallon _ Siddall, Judson C , 4229 Will/s Parkway, To¬ ledo 12 Siegel, William, 146 Bennett Ct., Geneva Sigworth, Ina, 559 Liberty St , Conneaut Simpkins, Gladys, 302 E State St , Athens list of members Singer, Beatrice E, 1222 W. Waterloo Rd , SwWdna M„ 3291 F. MOtft St., * Im Snlfth Dorothy E., 491 S«»V Me Salem Smith Harold K., 1129 E. State M Salem Smith, John H., 3847 Drake wood Dr, f.tn Sn'der ' 1 George R., Arps Hall, Ohm State University, Columbus 10 Snyder, John W., Fairvicw Schoril, f immmu Snider, Mary Helen. 108 F, Hark Am, Hub- Snyder, Ruth Stella, 710 Neil Aw fMumhm 9 Snyder, Troy A„ Grant Junior High Srhrwl, Steuben vrJle Speaker, Grace. North Mentor Stbrml, Mentor Spence, A. Marie, 1908 Hampton Rd , Rn,ky Spulier, Minnie J.. 22 Rhodes Ave .Akron 3 Stauffer, Margaret, 923 Beall Ave , Wooster Stevens, W. Monroe School, Ynunp.tr,*n 2 Stewart, Ethelyn, 2093 Stillman Rd , t Icvelami Heights 18 Stoneman, Nora C , Lincoln School, WsrVhltc Stout M R , Rt. 1. .Curtice Struble, Dorothy, Box 328, Willoughby Stull, Letha M., 2332 Edgerten Rd,, Cleveland Sullivan, Ellen F„ 42 Bclvidcre W*v,_ Akron Swearingen, J. F„ 3169 Sunset Blvd,, Steuben- ville Swickard, Ethel, 1321 Ridge Ave., Steubenville Tannehill, Eleanor F., Grant School. Skmesvtlle Tannither, E. M.. Miami University, Oxford Taylor, George W., Prospect Street Sihoo!, Mansfield Teeters, Ruth C., 531 Colurtilius Ave, With meton Court House Terrill, Maymie I,, 2489 Overlook Rd . t Ire¬ land Heights Terry, D. C , Box 11, Jasper fThomas, Cnlla Belle, Iris Brook Farm. Col hns Thomas, Esmond, 1023 Keystone Blvd , Akron 7 **Thornton, Charles A., Moreland School, Shaker Heights 20 Thuma, Betty, Rt. 2 , Fredericktnwn Toepfer, Carl W., Glenwond School. Toledo 10 Tole, Isabel, 48 W. Parkwood Dr., Dayton Treece, Milo K., 616 College Ave,. Boston* Tl H' 9 Mary F ' 3470 ^ Dili St., f.leve Tucker, Ethel M„ 2637 Northward, Toledo Ullum Helen. 11709 Lake Ave., Lakewood Urbanski, Luella, 2134 Dority Rd.. Toledo J Van Gorder, Henry H. ( 510‘/ 2 Atdert PI.. To- ledo 3 Van Wagner, Mrs. Ruth, Clearview School, loram Vaupel Jean C.. Seguin School, Cincinnati 14 Vermillion, Kenneth R, 15315 Plymouth PL. hast Cleveland VKts, Vivian Vera, Elm Road School, Warren Voldan, Edna F„ 3191 W. 31st St , Cleveland lS’s^ 2 ' M " 2204 E ■ mh St - Ckvc - W ronto ner ’ GladyS V " 807 EucW Avc - T " W Eee W ‘ U ‘ ttn S " 418 E ' St • Warnking May, 4792 Rapid Run, Cincinnati cmnati 29 fcnCC C,< Bond HiU School, Cm- Watkins.^ Ernest J„ 260 Kearney St., Cincin- W Iancaste? Ml ’ EaSt Mulberry Str eet School. W fa b nd H4A 3263 E - ****««&. Clcve- (Oklahoma) "M 1 WtNa, Mrs Icfwt P V-t'&g* ,VI>e< l, *m*f>*> trriif W*u mi, Karl J , 433 *4, ( i#»cMvn»t, g Wiley, Alice, C*?,‘ 1 lANh $» . t A Will, Mnfitenrrrry, 1 tm< in 3 fw* ? \ >lrmixc«4 W*lh*m», Rush I , f*?st A44*»* Daytnn 7 M.tiltt, i*»2* Far IliHt Axe, W *, lutirmitsi* d»<«oI, 1.4lsfffi*»r 3M C.J*«4 Ax®, A%f« i I'41 }l t«m j W«d, Mrt H Wnght, i ,U* »(t t, 1 - * .»!#** 4 Wr»|ht, Pf»({ M ( * - Xavier, PloreMe i, , > C.lcw land •Yautb. Dr. Wrlhuf A, 4* A»Msy*wle O# , Athens York. JklyrsSe, Wbritfier Tnl'nlw 5? DKiAHOMA Aifislre, Ps.i',me. lit*rl| Vh»4 f Alexander, f (•«»♦* F . (t.,« »» 2».,v>*ta Andnvmr, Mat Smith, 344 N St Andrews. P F Box in, A«*d*»kis Hagln, Mrs Jtnif W , "*M» I fih *1? , Ad* Badty, I'dtir Mar, fed,* A. tMh 5t , fUilry. Vtdlix i, 711 S KnoxxiJlf. T«tei Barr, Mrs Fi. ,i,t u School, Dnantitht Callihan, <■>«>■ > V, * st»!-f School* Muskrsger (.arnriKton, D mpl*-. ■ o, M.nnrtrH* Ave . Cnmk- *sha Chapman. Mrs, Jewel. 2731 M. W. 18th, Okie hrmix City 7 Coppers, A. E„ J6M) 5. Utica St,, Talsa Cuxtlcy, C. IL. 2600 N. W, nth St , Oku horn* City Cunningham. P. H . John Row School, Tulsa Dantcl, Mrs* Maf 8.* HouH&n Scfcool# M kO&££ Davis, G. I,.. Hcew.lle SeHoot, 57W $, W 29th, Oklalmma City Dean. Cnrinrw, Box 1303, Okmulgee mronev, F.grl C, 1631 t 11th St, Tula* 5 Drlhe, Mr*. P. Paul* Valley Drewry, Mr*. Agn« Mayo, Die. «f P!«m. hdue . Sapulna Dyer.y(diaries £., Harmony School, Oklahoma Idlcdge, Mrs, Betty B,, Dewey rmhree, Margaret, 401 N. Frwrtli St , Henry- etta 312 ( Oklahoma ) Paris, Mrs. Ruth, 4617 S. Shields, Oklahoma City 9 Farrill, Mrs Mary, McIntosh School, Chelsea Fisk, fc. Clay, 2245 E. 22nd PI., Tulsa 5 ,, Fritzson, Editk L., 514% N. W. 20th, 'Okla- homa City Frost, Mrs. Earl, Sunset School, Healdton Galbraith, Donald S., 840 N. Third, Ponca City Garton, Mrs. Malinda D., 308 W. Oklahoma Ave., Blackwell tGiles, O A., 1348 S. Florence Ave., Tulsa 4 Gilmer, Juliette, 1106 N. W. l4th St, Okla¬ homa City Gingerich, Inez, 1816 W. Maine St, Enid Griggs, O. C., 3627 S. Wheeling, Tulsa 5 Grove, Edith, 2646 N. W. 12th St., Oklahoma City 7 Guilliams, Flecia, Tecumseh Hagar, W. E„ 5300 S. Columbia PI , Tulsa Hamilton, Kate, Woodrow Wilson School, Shawnee Haynes, J, Harold, 3307 E Easton, Tulsa Heilmann, Paul L , 2540 E. 14th PL, Tulsa Herndon, V E., 535 W. Newton, Tulsa Hicks, Helen C., 2240 N. E, 19th, Oklahoma City 5 Hillis, Mrs Mane, 102? E Main, Holdenviile Hinshawe, Esther, 1701 E. Cypres's St , Enid tHodges Dr. J. H., 3512 E. Archer, Tulsa 4 Hoffer, Josephine, Box 77, Sterling Hoffman, Madelle, 702 W. Grand, Ponca City Hooper, George J., Sidney Lamer School, Tulsa Hudson, Jess S., 1523 S. Evanston St., Tulsa Huffman, Elizabeth R., Dewey School, Okla¬ homa City 6 Jenkins, W. C , Rt. 10, Box 543, Oklahoma City 7 Jester, C. L., 1412 E. 35th PI , Tulsa 5 Joachim, Glenn, 315 E. Lawrence, Ponca City Johnson, Charles F., Garfield School, Sand Springs Johnson, William, 2506 N. E. 15th, Oklahoma City tJoncs, Pearl B., 515 N. High St., Oklahoma City Kelly, Anna K., 2001 N. W. 13th St., Okla¬ homa City 6 ♦♦Kennedy, Ralph H , 1921 W. 41st St, Tulsa 7 King, J. R . 815 Elder, Duncan King, Lorraine, 419 S. W. 23rd St,, Oklahoma City 9 Kingston, Myrna Shaw, 2543 N. W. 16th St., Oklahoma City 7 Kniffin, Carl, S W.I.T , Weatherford ' Knight, R. W., 712 S. Knoxville St , Tulsa Koonce, Bert E., Bryant School, Tulsa Lackey, Guy A., Oklahoma A. and M College, Stillwater La Mar, Esther, Roosevelt School, Okmulgee Lanman, L S., Horace Mann School, Okla¬ homa City Lee, Mrs Juanita, 201 E. Third, Edmond Lee, Ola, 210 E. Seventh St., Bristow Liebhart, Ethel M., 1809 N. Cross St,, Okla¬ homa City Magee, Maurice, 1115 S. Evanston St., Tulsa Marker, Mrs. Pearle, Shidler School, Oklahoma City Martin, Earl, Box 471, Britton Mason, Dr. Charles C,, Supt. of Schools, Tulsa McCarrel, Ed, 715 N. Walker St , Oklahoma City McDonald, Gladys, Riverside School, Okla¬ homa City McEltoy, Metrion, Box 203, Yukon McLees, Frances W., Irving School, Oklahoma City 4 McLeod, John A., 1641 E. 19th St., Tulsa McMillan, Ethel, 31 N. W. 14th St., Okla¬ homa City 3 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Meadows, Johnsy, 2208 Emporia, Muskogee Mitchell, Ina Lewis, 521 W. Wabash St Enid '* Moody, Mae, 436 F.ast College, Blackwell Moore, T. E., 2413 N Boston, Tulsa ♦Moorhouse, Mrs, Lulu D„ 1120 W. Cherokee Ave., Enid Mullinax, Harvey, 2544 Cashion PL, Oklahoma City Newman, Jennings B , 1112 W, Wade St, El Reno Nighswonger, Opal, Longfellow School, Alva Noblet, Chester A., Spiro Norman, Mrs. Oma W., Box 46, Davis Ogle, A. V., 1343 E. 35th PI., Tulsa Olson, Mrs Margaret McDonald, 118% N Seventh St, Enid Padget, Mattie Beil, Box 801, Carnegie Parks, Kathleen A., Box 138, Muskogee Patman, Mrs. Carrie, 1021 S. Hoff, El Reno Pauly, Dr. Prank R., 220 E. 27th PI , Tulsa 1 Petree, Mrs. Marie, 513 S, Jackson St., Enid Pogue, Alex W., 419 Garfield Ave., Sand Springs Price, Mrs, Fern, Harrison School, Enid Quinn, Mrs. Lila, 817 S. W. 36th, Oklahoma City Ragan, W. B., Faculty Exchange, Oklahoma University, Norman Redman, Clara, Brantly School, Antlers Richards, A. L., 1448 S Cheyenne, Tulsa 5 Richardson, D. R., Emerson School, Duncan Richardson, Josephine, 514% W. 20th St., Oklahoma City 3 Rlechel, Adolphine, Franklin School, Okmulgee Risher, Mrs. Gladys, 542 N. Broadway, Shaw¬ nee Roads, Elsie, 420 W State St , Enid Roberson, L. G„ Cherokee Junior High School, Turley Roberts, D. M., 1720 E. 13th St, Tulsa 4 Schupbach, N. E , 2119 E. 21st St,, Tulsa Sellers, Mrs Nell W., Longfellow School, Mus* kogee Setzepfandt, A. O H., 1547 S. Delaware PI., Tulsa Shepherd,.Roger T , 2628 E. Eighth St , Tulsa Simpson, Mary, 429 W Main St , Purcell Slack, Feme Holden, Blanchard Smiley, Dolly, Tecumseh Smiley, Mrs. Eva M., 1123 S. Eighth St,, Ponca City _ Smith, Mrs. Levift Meyers, 1900 N. W, Tenth St. Oklahoma City Sneed, W. G., 317 N. Geary St , Oklahoma City Spivey, Weldon, Edison School, Mangum Stanford, Ruth, Box 861, Pryor States, Leland E., Perry School, Perry Sutherland, Mrs. Zaida, Claremont Schon*, Claremont Swan, Fred, Woodlawn School, Sapulpa Taylor, Seldon D., Rodman School, Poteau Temple, D. E., 702 S. Cheyenne, Tulsa 5 Thomas, Alta, 630% N. W. 18th St, Okla¬ homa City 3 Thomas, Edna, 901 E. Grand, Ponca City Thomas, Frances C , 630% N. W. 18th St., Oklahoma City 3 Thomas, Mrs. Rosa J,, 711 W. Park, Tecumseh Thompson, H. C., 533 S. Pine, Nowata Thompson, Mildred Ann, Central School, Ida- bel Timberlake, Mrs. Beulah S., Jefferson School, Stillwater Tipton, Anderson L., 324 E. Grant St., Guthrie Travis, C. E., 1219 S. Peoria, Tulsa 5 Yancil, E. C., Lowell School, Tulsa Walt, Mrs. Margaret P., Box 265, Woodward Watson, Isabel,' 706 Jennings, Bartlesville List OF MEMBERS Welli, V. Alr«, Horace Mann 3kfe»I, 5h*» Widntr Gu? L. 217 N. Rowdsk, Twits Sgifl, I jL Irvins feted, SKt«*m* IF tea Ethel, Vest Side School, Uarwsor* Wlllisnu' Mrs. ioutse. Liner, in WilsooTM- Pttto&m Heights fetal, GM«- IiUie Dean, ,3215 H. Sturtel, W- Tenth St Braww Wood! linnie R-, Box 202, Brirtw* OREGOM Adust Mr*, Nell B., Box 236. Molalfs Ag^b. W., 7015 S, E, Yamhill St , Port- Ahfendth! Harold 1324 S. I. Mth, Portland Atteburv, Edmund A., Rooms It School, atb Falls Bibcock. Roy D„ Rt. 2, fmwiM Baker, N. A„ 1817 S, E, 46th Aw , Port¬ land 13 _ _ „ . , Beardsley, Florence E.. State Dept, of 1 «»£a turn, Salem BItckler, R. C., ISO} S. E. Maple St., Pert- land 1} Bork, Edith L,, }l6 Hargadme St,, Ashland Bortolazio. J., 2845 S. W. Ptriandtr St., Portland 1 Brookbardt. Harry B., Box 267, Aloha Brunskdl, Mrs, Lucile, 715 N. 1. list Aw , Portland 12 Button, Alan, 2654 W. Talbot Id,, Flirt land 1 Campbell, E. H., Bloc River Childers, J, M., 5240 S, Donnet Way ft, Portland 1 Chrlstenaen, Walter H., Astor Sehoal,. Attorn Christa er, Robert G„ Lincoln School, Eugene Clemens, Gerald R., Pelican School, Klamath Falls Condit, Earl, 4485 S. W. Bernard Dr, Port- land Cottingham. Thomas A , 4}06 S. E. Ramona St., Portland 6 Cox, Ora, 1716 Crown Ave, Medftitd Craake, Fred, Failing School, 7825 $ W‘. Tenth Ave., Portland Daugherty, Dorothy, 19th and Nebraska. Salem Dodge, Ttyre A„ 2801 Mcrrtnian Id., Med¬ ford Douglaa, Mrs. Gloria C., 9752 S, W. SJtfs. Portland E D‘aif« m8 B " Coiand W{, 8ht School, The Empey, Warne, Junction City School, June- tion City J ?-fP h L V/ 2 ^Sc««‘c Dr Ashland smS 7, M ,an Box 383, Bandcm n Li M i U< 3 n W " S, T, Park Ave., Portland 1 . * Fmme, Mrs. Alice, Box 354. Coos Bay F Tortla A nd ?l' 920 N ’ E< Ckvelsm< * Ave., G tt’ RiChSrd °" 1136 N> E * Wei ‘ Ufr < Fort- rf^‘ T ‘ }'• ? 351 , Emerald St., Eugene GaTdiner Ph ” DiU - ? Gttdc School, gJS*' Jf■ Eo »* 2556 SW. Osage, Portland Haldrmn?' tP u ^OoJ, Medford «a dtman. Rose, Whittaker School. Eugene ttu'fero! ®s rt £*‘ 228 N. Holly, Medford HeSck' E^'‘H 6i0 e N \ Flt ?°e t t. St f Portla " ,l(i D Medford H '* Supt * ° f Schoo ‘** D «- 49. { Oregtm ) 41$ Herald, II W , ftewrgo Vhwr?, fst »,$+ Hi!!, fated)*, *14 N f ?t« Ait. Itert limit '! llotHum. j f, %hrw*<4 Hun,man, Helen, Hue 4!.. Pr w$vnk Hultan, Kewnrth, W*th,eg»"?} Ms 4 ImS J eh® 45« 7* K*dN. PhrtUn-4 15 Jffnrtltdi, Mrs M-tm’i, *54 Waifc-ngS-* M McMiMedk Jr-htaw®. Ham Si, *u J ) S ?s%! *4 , IflBH, Mn Bmw I. . f*-'» H-, Jmea M*a Pjamn ?« , Sf?4 r# W rijisroih? Portlind Jr*rt, l»rth Wjllnnrt* 1 , 15*24 Ingta 6* . KNw ash Fall* Kerfset. Hw (*, VHl N t ?;#d An» Portland N K«i1*r, ta«i P fit* T*-« . Dm «rf VMtn M wtsl PssH . Nat! F-ftys Ata«, V»«ji«hy W, Mad«»r-« Vhned. Alhasm Writer, WMSiam J . s:4N I f'lrv*lae4, Portland IS Motet lamp, rtlkr, 1779 N, f | *th pefflind Mn firm W. t mn N »ipfM A>e, Portland nwt, Melvin, f«n«et Willard SrV«4, t>« Morgan, (7n» S , Canhy Nflwn, Martatt V., r.;>} M Ktrhy 6t , f%»« land IS Nrwth, C IS, 1214 S 1, ?*» Victor p|„ 3.»5 Harrism St, Mai* Phdlipa. John f... 716 mh St, MdwataU* p ‘rt«roy, Mn. Viola, flemmutf Sthteal, logMt Poser, Cecil W„ }5J4 N. E 45*h Aw, P„re land so f«yf«er, Jum W., Sopt of fehawti, Hsltehore tlioetma. L. E., It, 10 , Box 1097, laad 1 314 ( Oregon ) Robertson, Mrs, Fay H , Washington School, 275 E Seventh St , Eugene Rowe, Wilbur, 1616 27th St, Milwaukee Rush, Mabel E , Central School, Newberg Santee, Harold T., 6233 N E Alameda, Port- land 13 , . , , Seggel, Louis, 2425 N E 32nd PI , Portland 12 Shepherd, Harold J , Wilson School, Tillamook Shepardson, Edna E., 2310 B St, Baker Smith, Alice, @4907 N E Mallory, Portland Smith, Elpbe, Rt. 1, Box 160, Tigard Smith, Everett K , Box 442, Heppner Smith, John E , 5740 N. Williams Ave., Port¬ land 11 Speirs, Verne H , Mills School, Klamath Falls Spring, Fred, 1524 27th St, Milwaukie 2 Sweeney, Grace F, 2226 N E 17th Ave , Portland 12 Tallman, Harold C., Rt. 1, Box 315, Gresham Tate, Roy M , 1217 S E. 52nd Ave , Port¬ land 15 Thompson, Cecil T., 3735 N. E Wisteria Dr , Portland 13 Tolvstad, Robert, 3714 S. E, Lincoln, Portland Webb, Horton E , 3740 S. E. Tenth Ave , Portland 2 Weis, Maurice, Grout School, 3119 S E Hoi- gate, Portland 2 Wilson, Leland A , Box 68, Oakndge Wilson, Melvin, 4133 N. E. 32nd Ave , Port¬ land 11 Wolfer, Henrietta B , Monmouth Wood, Edna, Monroe Wright, David G , 2105 N E 62nd Ave , Portland 13 PENNSYLVANIA Agensky, Esther B , Madison School, New Market and Green Sts , Philadelphia Altemus, Margaret, Osborne School, Johnstown Anthony, Belle Irene, Central School, York Applegate, Florence W, Newmyer School, Swissvale, Pittsburgh 18 Bamford, Sara E , Wilkins School, Pittsburgh 18 Barr, Charles F., Burgwin School, Pittsburgh 7 Barthold, Harold J , 1024 N New St , Bethle¬ hem Beard, Mary E, 934 Maplewood Ave , Am- bridge Beatty, C. Evelyn, Crescent School, Pittsburgh 21 Bechtel, Laura A , 1441 Turner St , Allentown Beighle, James L , Elementary School, Bryn Mawr Bennett, Ida M, 129 Ridgeway St, East Stroudsburg Bentz, Naomi C , 807 W King St , York JBerman, Dr Samuel, 5336 N Sydenham St Philadelphia 41 fBetts, Dr Emmett A., Dir of Reading Clinic, Temple University, Philadelphia 22 Biery, J. E., Supvg Pnn , Brookville Bl piHUde! h Wl ^ dmlna A • Dunlap School, Biork, Ellen D , 37 Belleview Ave., Bradford Blake, Celia J , 316 Frederick Ave , Sewickley Biumberg A Alvm, 2123 E Walnut Lane, Philadelphia 38 Boehm, Charles H , 75 N Main St., Doyles- town Bowen, Catherine M , R D , New Cumberland Bowers, Frances L., Kinsey School, 65th Ave and Limekiln Pike, Philadelphia Bracken, W. Earl, 307 E. Ashland Ave , Glen- olden Brewer, Karl M , Supt. of Schools, Dubois Bright, Katharine A, Fifth and Springs Sts. Reading ° ’ Bright, Nellie R , Harrison School, nth and Thompson, Philadelphia 22 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Brown, Jesse D , 745 W Princess St, York Buchanan, William T , Brookline School, Upper Darby " Bucher, Caleb W , 119 E Clay St , Lancaster Bulick S B , 122 N Maple Ave, Greensbufg Bupp, C. Louis, 819 S Duke St, York S Burlev, Mary M , 1216 Logan Ave , Tyrone Campbell, Robert B , Hudson Street School Johnstown Carey, Helen M., 1335 Fifth Ave , Ford Citv Carson, Hazel E , R. D., Charleroi y Carson, J. O , Dir of Curriculum, Abington Carthew, Kathryn, Bheam School, Johnstown Carver, Mrs Madeline B , 523 E Penn St Newtown Cecilia, Sister Mary, St. Genevieve School Canonsburg Chambers, Dr. Raymond L , 24 W Logan St Philadelphia 44 ' Charles, A Lincoln, Higbee School, Lancaster Chase, Mane S , 2038 Master St, Philadelphia Clugshane, E. Gretchen, 100 Lingle St , Osceola Cole, John S , Mounted Rt. 36, Easton Cole, Ray M , Court House, Bloomsburg fCollins, Mrs Edythe Sampson, 3703 Huev Ave . Drexel Hill Connelly, Mae, Chestnut Street School, John- town Corey, Carolyn F , First District School, Mead- ville Cresswell, Robert V , Overbrook School, Pitts¬ burgh 10 Crist, Mary E., 1204 19th Ave , Altoona Cross, Charles B , Wayne School, Erie Crumbling, C. S , Supt. of Schools, Laurel- dale Cummings, Mary A , Marton School, Chester Dabney, Anna M , 530 Cleveland Ave , York Dager, Mrs Frances G.„ Dir of Elem. Educ , Beaver College, Jenkintown Daniels, Dr Blair E , 2922 Belmont Ave , Ardmore Davenport, Ralph F , 136 Drexel Rd , Ard¬ more Dawes, Dorothy D., 4840 Pine St, Phila¬ delphia 43 Dichter, Jack Robert, Ellwood School, 12th and Oak Lane, Philadelphia 26 Dickter, Dr M. Richard, 2313 76th Ave, Philadelphia 38 Dillon, Mrs Ruth L, 3821 N Gratz St, Philadelphia 40 Dimmick, Dr. Earl A , Supt of Schools, Pitts¬ burgh 13 Dobbins, Thomas J , Meredith School, Fifth and Fitzwater Sts , Philadelphia 47 Dolbear, Frank T , Supvg. Pnn , Tunkhannock Dougherty, Laura U., wethenll School, Chester fDunleavy, Joseph M , 1426 Pittston Ave., Scranton Eberly, Harry B , 161 S Second St , Chambers- burg Ebner, Mowne A , 1407 Seventh St , Altoona Eckard, Elizabeth T , 1957 69 th Ave , Phila¬ delphia Edwards, Elliot, Lincoln School, Honesdale Elsbury, Earl T , 15 Miller St , Duquesne Emery f C. Ralph, Downmgtown Enterlme, Myers B , Rt 1, Watsontown Esterhne, Irene, 6609 Blakemore, Philadel¬ phia 19 Evans, Walter P , > Hopkinson School, L and Luzerne Sts , Philadelphia 24 Everett, Hazel, Grade School, Jenkintown Fallon, Mary C, Greenfield School, Pitts¬ burgh 7 Farra, Dorothy B , 117 Dean St, West Chester Farrell, Beatrice C., 1416 Pearce Pk , Erie Figurel, J Allen, 2321 Walton Ave , Pitts¬ burgh 10 LIST OF MEMBERS Flegal, Edwin J , Rt 8, Portage Flinn, May, 1025 McKean Ave , Donora Fluck, A. Harold, 9527 Wistaria St , Bustleton, Philadelphia Frank, T Russell, Highland School, Abington FrankenMd, Ira M, 637 Center St , Bethle¬ hem Frick, W. T. B , 2524 S. 68th St , Philadel¬ phia 42 Fries, Mary, 1614 11th Ave., Altoona Fugett, Joseph R , 120 E Miner St , West Chester Funk, M Estelle, 8313 Tulpehocken Ave , Elkins Park “ Gaiter, Israel, 3133 W. Columbia Ave , Phila¬ delphia 21 Garrett, Richard J., 915 Wayne Ave., York Gasser, Harry NT, State Teachers College, Bloomsburg Geedy, Calder B , 310 S Brown St., Lewistown Gehman, Esther, 511 Juniper St , Quakertown Geiss, Newton W„ Co Supt of Schools, Read¬ ing Gibbs, Mary S , 350 W Duval St , Philadel¬ phia 44 Gilland, Dr Thomas M., State Teachers Col¬ lege, California Gingenbach, Mane O,, 345 E. 12th St., Erie Gingrich, Leah A , 4709 Pine St , Philadel¬ phia 4 3 Glantz, Bernard Hoffman School, 55th and Vine Sts , Philadelphia 39 Grim, Alice H , Newtown Square Gross, Florence E„ 1434 W. Market St , York Grover, Arlton G„ 524 E Beau St , Wash¬ ington Grumbling, Russell, Chandler School, Johns¬ town Grunizer, W. F, 301 Vine St, Johnstown Guthrie, John, 425 E Wadsworth Ave , Phila¬ delphia Hagerty, Jean B., 311 Maple Ave , Drexel Hill Hanning, N W , 145 E. Market St.. York Hannum, Helen E , 1507 Tenth St , Altoona Hardy, Clara R . 935 Jefferson St, McKeesport Harris, Mrs Ruth, Box 187, Dayton Hartman, Dorothy P, Muhlenberg Grade School, Allentown Hartman, Joseph A , McGill School, New Castle Hartzel, R J , Third St , Box 945, Bentley- ville Havlick, Johanna K , Flourtown Hazlett, J. Roy, 1314 Hampshire Ave , Pitts¬ burgh Hazlett, Dr William W., 1029 Kenwyn St., Philadelphia Hay, Charles K , 2108 Shunk St , Philadelphia Hedge, John W., 916 W Market St., Beth¬ lehem Heiges, Mary McC , Hi-Thorpe, Rt 7, York Heinaman, Harold G , Brookline School, Pitts¬ burgh 26 Henmnger, Walter B , Supt, of Schools, North¬ umberland Hershberger, Arlene, 1231 Linwood Ave., Nor¬ ristown Hodgson, Clarence T Hollihger, Durell A caster Francis R , 4800 Conshohocken Ave , Philadelphia 31 Hood, Mrs Vivian P , Drexel Hill School, Drexel Hill Hopeweil, Henry W„ 310 S. Pershing Ave., 472 Atlantic Ave., York 122 Pleasure Rd., Lan- Hopkins, Marcella, Dibert Street School, Johns¬ town Hostetler, Bernard S , Central City Houseal, George M., Supvg. Prin., Seventh and Maple Sts , Lebanon (Pennsylvania) 315 Hubley, L George, 1400 First Ave , York Husted, Mrs. Bessie S., Seventh and Church Sts., North Wales Husted, Dr. Ine 2 , Supvr of Special Educ, Luzerne County Schools, Wilkes-Barre Jackson, Ethel, 228 E Sedgwick, Philadel¬ phia 19 Jenkins, Leon V., 720 Bierman Ave , York Johnson, Royce O , R D , Lewis Run Judelsohn, Samuel J , Cleveland School, 19th and Butler Sts., Philadelphia 40 Kandrach, Joseph L , Smithmill Kelley, Florence A , Preston School, Bryn Mawr Kelso, Dr John S , 2824 Crosby Ave., Pitts¬ burgh 16 Kerstetter, Dr. Newton, Supvr of Special Educ, Court House Annex, Sunbury Killinger, Leroy G , King Street School, Cham- bersburg Kirk, S. Elisabeth, Garrettford School, Drexel Kistler, Claude F., 214 N Fulton St., Allen¬ town Kitey, Albert S , phia 38 Klingel, Emma L Kneas, Edith M , town Kohnee, Ruth D , burgh 16 Korb, E. A , Maple Park School, Johnstown Kornbau, Raymond, 1248 Edison St, York Krah, W. Eaward, 346 Oak Rd, Glenside Kramp, Mrs. Walter, 617 Walnut St, Roaring Spring Kubel, Albert, Mechamcsville Rd , Philadelphia 14 2334 77th Ave., Philadel- 314 E 28th St., Erie 1338 Maikley St, Norris- 1254 Hillsdale Ave., Pitts- Kulp, Dan B , Supervising Principal, Red Lion Kurtz, Virginia, 4211 Tyson St, Philadelphia 35 Lachman, Martha M , 16 Sankey Ave , Pitts¬ burgh 27 Laderer, William C., Jr , 435 Royce Ave , Pitts¬ burgh 16 Lantz, Ruth, 2513 Oak Ave , Altoona Lantz, W. W., 422 Charles St., Turtle Creek **fLaramy, William J., 2444 Merwood Lane, Havertown Larson, L H., West Side School, McKeesport Law, Aura, 307 E Union St, Punxsutawney Laws, Mrs. Catherine Brown, 19 W. Fourth St, Media Lawson, William, Phillips Street School, Baden Laubach, Helen M , 2352 W. Fourth St, Wil¬ liamsport 27 Lazar, Harry, Douglas School, Huntingdon and Edgemont Sts , Philadelphia 25 Lembke, Dr. Glenn L., John C Winston Co., 1010 Arch St , Philadelphia 7 Lemley, Dawson E., Saltsburg Rt, Verona Leopold, Michael, Kendrick School, 38th and Powelton, Philadelphia Lettinger, Leonard A., Edge Hill Rd., Hunting¬ don Valley Lilly, Mrs. Mabel H., Franklin School, Allen¬ town Little, Marsby C.,' Supt of Schools, Waynesboro Liveright, Alice K., 1512 Spruce St, Phila- < delphia Lowman, Margaret Jane, Stevens School, Indi¬ ana Lumley, John M., Co, Supt of Schools, Dushore Lynch, Catharine L, 407 Elizabeth Manor, Upper Darby Mahoney, D. J, Memorial School, Wilkes- Barre Malloy, Frances A , 7017 Pennsylvania Ave., Upper Darby Marburger, Harold, Park Street School, Crafton Marsh, Mrs. Harriett S., 7126 Edgerton Ave., Pittsburgh 8 Mathias, Russel N., Schuylkill Avenue School, Reading 316 ( Pennsylvania ) elementary school principals McCann, Cecelia, Washington School, Johns¬ town „ , McCaulley, Dr. Selinda, 2031 Locust St, Phila¬ delphia 3 McConnel, Clarence H., Asst Co Supt of Schools, Williamsport McDowell, Stella D., 112 Race St, Swissvale IS McKay, J. Florence, Keystone School, Upper Darby McKeone, T Warren, Potter School, Fourth and Clearfield Sts , Philadelphia McLure, Fred Y,, Manoning School, New Castle McMorns, Edith, 113 Cricket Ave , Ardmore Metzgar, J. H , Supvg. Pnn , Salem Twp , Mamont Metzner, William, 4400 Tyson Ave , Phila¬ delphia 35 Miller, Henry J , Codorus Miller, Madge E , 320 Laurel St, Pittsburgh 18 Miller, Paul D , 7113 Boyer St,, Philadelphia 19 Mills, Russell J , 712 High St., Honesdale Minmch, E. Willis, 70 Werner St , Wernersville Montini, John W , Jones School, Aliquippa Moore, Mrs Helen E . Penllyn Moore, Velma M , 316 Ninth Ave , Altoona Morey, Frank R , Supvg Prin , Swarthmore Morse, Melvin E , 507 w. 28th St, Erie Mueller, Helen E., 22nd and Ritner Sts , Phila¬ delphia 45 Muellerstein, Minnie M , 721 E. 23rd St .Erie Myers, Max, Sedgwick Gardens, Philadelphia 19 Myers, Stanley H , 530 Dallas St , York Nelson, Mary F., Conroy School, Page St, Pittsburgh 12 Newman, Raymond S , 629 E Mt Airy Ave , Philadelphia Nicolls, Alice M., Dir of Elem Educ , Farrell Noble, Hilda N„ Cowley School, Sherman Ave and Eloise St , Pittsburgh 12 Noe, Elizabeth T., 137 E Gorgas Lane, Phila¬ delphia 19 Notz, Hulda M., 180 Le Moyne Ave., Pitts¬ burgh Nunn, Grace Adelaide, 1003 Western Dr., Erie Oberlm, Evelyn, Stevens School, 822 Crucible St., Pittsburgh 20 Olander, Herbert T., School of Educ , Uni¬ versity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Orr, Hazel L., 139 Farragut Ave , Vandergnft Orth, Kathryn M , 2 E. Mt Ave , S Williams¬ port 32 Parson, Mrs Edna Gray, 521 Maplewood Ave , Ambridge Patch, Florence, Oakhurst School, Johnstown Paynter, W. R . 227 Cornell Ave , Pittsburgh 29 Peirce, Elizabeth N., 130 E. Chestnut St., west Chester Pickard, Dorothy E., Cedarhurst and Estella Sts , Pittsburgh 10 Poole, Charles E., Overlook School, Abington Potter, William M , Moore School, Pittsburgh 10 Powers, C S., - 832 Florida Ave , York Pregler, Hedwig O , Colfax School, Beechwood Blvd and Phillips Ave , Pittsburgh 17 Price, A. W., Supvg. Prin , Colver Queripel, Mrs. A w., 244 High St , Milton Quinn, William P„ 5353 N. 16th St., Phila¬ delphia Ramage, Gladys E,, Hughestown Boro Schools, Pittston Raup, Zura E , 128 Hepburn St , Milton Rausch, Mary D , 720 N. Fifth St., Allentown Reilly, Rev. Edward M, Supt. of Catholic Schools, 19th and Wood Sts , Philadelphia Renton, Miriam L , 165 Grant Ave., Vandergnft tRice, Pearl E , 840 Williams St , Easton Richial, Mrs Leda N., 380 Neshannock Ave , New Castle Rickert, Charles F., Manoa School, Havertown ^'pfeVghbf' 27 S ^ ton Ave -' Chfton Rinker, Robert R., 247 Tenth Ave., Bethlehem Ritenour, Blanche V., 205 Greydon Ave Mc¬ Kees Rocks ’ Robson, William K., 6614 N. Seventh St Philadelphia 26 1 Rodecker, Mrs. Rebecca M., 303 Prin’dle St Sharon M Roffe, Pauline E , Senior High School, Lans- downe Ave and School Lane, Upper Darby Rohrer, Mary M, Hamilton Court Apts Ardmore ’ Ross, Anna, 1141 Dormont Ave , Pittsburgh 16 Ross, Margaret, Hopewell School, Aliquippa Ruch, Mary A. R., Rt 1, Box 4, Tower City Russell, Mary L , Horace Mann School, Indi ana tSacks, Solomon, 4827 N. Tenth St, Philadel¬ phia 41 Saul, Marie A , 3611 Massachusetts Ave , Pitts¬ burgh 12 Sauvain, Walter H , 1413 W. Market St, Lewisburg Schlegel, Albert G W., Supt. of Schools, Pittsburgh 2 Schrack, Leila B , Rainbow School, Coatesville Schrader, Mrs. N Blanche, 519 Lincoln St., Milton Schwank, Laura M , 324 N. George St, York Scorer, Sadie Mae, Box 404, Homestead Searfoss, Anna, 605 McCartney St., Easton Sellers, Mrs J. Townsend, 829 Black Rock Rd , Bryn Mawr Sensenig, E Susan, 305 E. Orange St, Lan¬ caster Shalter, Grace E , 1415 Palm St , Reading Sharlip, Lou N , 5058 N. Eighth St., Phila¬ delphia 20 Shelly, Colsin R , 301 Ruby St, Lancaster Shires, Beulah M , Adams School, Tyrone Shires, H. Bess, 524 S 15th St., Harrisburg SimpsoD, David John, 128 Waverly Rd., wyncote Smithgall, Elizabeth, 126 N Lime St., Lancaster Smith, Lawrence S , 23 S. West End Ave, Lancaster Souder, Edith M , Highland Park School, Upper Darby Spangler, Thomas B F , 6108 N Seventh St., Philadelphia 20 Spitler, Franklin C , Orwigsburg Sprenkel, Julia C , Madison School, York Springer, Kenneth L., 33 Columbia Ave., York Stains, Katherine G., 4313 Hartel Ave., Phila¬ delphia 36 Staneruck, Bessie E , 654 E, Summit Ave . Philadelphia 28 Steadman, H L , Perry School, Erie Steel, W. R , 3819 Hiawatha St , Pittsburgh 12 Sterling, RUla M , McNair School, Pittsburgh 21 Stevens, A. Miriam, 222 Reily St, Harrisburg Stevenson, Martha C , Harrity School, 56th ana Christian Sts., Philadelphia Stewart, Ann G, Aronimink School, Drexel Hill Stewart, Frederick H , 6603 Quincy St, Phila¬ delphia 19 Stewart, Laura E , 123 E. Agnew Ave , Pitts¬ burgh 10 Stock, L. V , Supvg. Prin , Biglerville Storer, Charles S , Supt of Schools, Elizabeth tStorey, Dr. Bernice L , 3955 Bigelow Blvd., Pittsburgh 13 Stough, H A , 304 Colonial Rd , York Strickler, Mary M., Schaefferstown Strine, Hazel R., 25 Bound Ave., Milton Swanston, E, E , R.D , Box 27, Johnstown Sweeney, T. Goldie, 2205 Duke St, York Symons, Wilfred L., Llandillo Rd., Havertown 1IST OF MEMBERS Tivlor, Flounce E„ 205 E. Beaver Ave., State TrireiL Marguerite, 38 N Harwood Rd., Upper Tmv^dwin, Columbia School, Coatesviite Thoms, Evelyn M„ 126 Walnut Ave., Altoona Thais, Mary B„ 2403 N. Second St., Hartis- Thonpson, Irene A,, Wigbtman School, Pitts- Pwro^Marion A., 5845 Cedarhurst St., PhiU- dtlphia 43 „ _ _ . , , _, Trsbue, Dr- M. R., Dean, School or Educ., Pennsylvania State College, State College Travis, Leo R , U14 Craig St., McKeesport Twted, Jean M , Taylor School, Randolph and In'e Ave., Philadelphia 40 Trestle, J. F., Village Street School, Johns¬ town Trout, Alma F., 225 Pearl St., Lancaster Trnby, Charlotte C , Lemington Avenue School, Pittsburgh 6 Utts, George W., 403 Wilbur St., South Fork Yarnum, Paul, Hillsdale School, Pittsburgh id Wallace, Mrs Elaabeth T., Wyndmoor School,' Philadelphia 18 Ward, Harry S., Jr., 727 Glenview St., Phila¬ delphia n Warsnaw, Harry A., 6626 N. 18th St., Phila¬ delphia 26 Watson, Jennie A., 3301 Walnut St., Mc¬ Keesport Weaver, Millard H , Box 366, Windber Weaver, Walter F., 3501 Versailles Ave., Mc¬ Keesport Webb, Ella P., Wilson School, 46th and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia 43 Weber, Claire, Chain Street School, Norristown Weike , Ruth Jane, 4645 Old York Rd., Phila¬ delphia 40 Wcisley, Mabel, 223 S. West St., Allentown Weiss, George D , 618 Martin St., Bellwood Wed, Hazel, 512 First St., Charleroi Welsh, John J., 6616 N. 20 th St., Philadelphia Wenner, H. C , Box 23, Drums Wicltersham, Mrs. Lillian M., 106 W. Oakdale Avc.j Glenside WiegiDd, Margaret E„ Campbell School, Eighth and Fitzwater Sts., Philadelphia “ Wilkins, Ann L,, 2728 Berkeley Ave., Erie Wmiams, David E., Kenmawr School, Rt. 1 McKees Rocks Y, 1 i ht ’u Lo V‘ S x/’ 22 t? R ‘ds= Ave., Pittsbugh icagcr, Paul M., Rt. 1 , Wescosville RHODE ISLAND B dence 8 Crbert Harold> 287 ° fms St -. Pxovi- M &toa Mari0Q Bl 101 Tupel ° HlU Dr - Itajick, Annie P„ 97 Alexander St , Cranston Burton Caroline A., Cbepachet ^Archie R., Eldredge School, East Green- C Pmld;ncf anCe5Ca ’ TenipIc Strect School, Crumley, Laura J , 21 Glenwood Ave., Crans- D d n ence M 8 ary C " RcgCnt Avenue S <*°ol, Provi- F'rtpatiick, Grace B., 26 Slater Ave.. Pxovi- Handel. Mildred C.. 200 Vermont Ave,, Provt- Kelley^Eluabeth M„ 22 Wmthtop Ave., Provi- ( South Car aim a } J1 ? Laudati. Caroline A., 38 Lowell Ave , Ptmn dence 9 McEvoy, Alice H., Greene School, 241 Wetmirt Ave., Providence 9 McNally, Wayne W., Tos Smicms St., Pteti dence 6 Murray, Katherine M., 25 Hanover St , pjnvi- - dence O'Connor, Margaret A. T., 282 Williams St , Providence Peabody, Robert W., 110 Paul St., Prewidstvre Piche, Elizabeth M. f Harmnlle Mb mi, Hurit*- vi lie Quirk, Mary V., 15 Wheaton St , Warren fSaicsses, Margaret M., Summit Avenue Seiran}, Providence 6 Scanlon. Mary V., Wslley Mhtwf, fW**4 Stahlc, Pauline W., Jo Grove Ave , Weirtcily Superior, Rev. Mother, Convent of Jesus Maty, 211 Carleton St., Providence 8 Tennant, Charlotte C, HowlansS School, Colt Ave., Providence i Waterman, Wilma Oak Lawn Mhwl, Cram ton SOUTH CAROLINA AdeUheimer, Philip E., Btonkivn Avenue School, Lancaster Alcorn Maurice 1015 Wddw mi, Columbia Af vdie A * or ® an Elementary School, Summer- Beasley, J. Edwin, Rosenumt St hoot, Charier ton Bc m ¥ :„ H ? w * ra * liberty Homes School, North Charleston Brockman, W. Clark, McMartrr School, Co¬ lumbia 5 Br burg' J ' ¥ " Cli S “ ph d l ’ <,u latiun, Spartan- BU lumbia Wjlliarri Hcrtfy * 2120 Ave., C- Carmichael, Mis. N, C,„ Hamer /ort r ‘‘ ^ rs ' Beaufort School, Ikv.i * *Crt C * T,llm ‘ a Sththil, Navy rfm’r Avcm,t i & bool, OratiKebtirK Cunningham, Mrs. Leona C., 414 K Arch St Lancaster * Darby, Carrie Ware Shoal* B - J*"- W 1 S St - Anderson Ell c rA« M t S ‘ *oV. e 1 V School, Sumter _ St, Columbia^ 6 " 273i ijevme Evans Mrs. Martha R„ 206 W, Franklm St., Amierson Fnwh-V D p‘ v A- n’ S ,j pt - Schools, Columbia ivl-i 1 "’. D r onaI dwn School, Greenville eftu;' ^ lImot h‘ A rcher SchtKil Charleston ville’ Gl ° VCr C ''* 109 ^ cowee Ave., Green- G plM5ant PreSt ° n C ‘* 408 Dennett St„ Mt, G< CharIe"st(m* ry * MidIatui p4tk School, West G Navy tI Y 11 rd°M ld B ” Chkou Cmk School, Goodwin, W B Rt, 7, Box 172, Navy Yard Hallman, E. B., box 606, Spartanlnir# Hammond, Clarence E„ 211 Dunbar !t„ Green- Higbe. R. F Box 435, North SWg n eway MrS ' Helhert Y - Turner School, SSThS- Sw ‘- s ‘■ c,,id '’ Ae * a - Huffman, Mrs. C, T., Lykeslwd 318 ( South Carolina) elementary school principals Hunt, W A , Glenn Street School, Anderson Johnson, Mrs Catherine B , Box 243, Seneca Kirkpatrick, Palmer M , Box 359, Great Falls Lanham, S A , Courtenay School, Charleston Lertzsey, B B , Jr , 105 Second St., Florence Madden, Cresswell W., 1716 Williams St,, Co¬ lumbia 4 _ McArthur, L C , Jr , 114 St. John’s St , Dar¬ lington McCown, J Harold, Elementary School, Conway McLaurin, S C , Elementary School, Saluda Monteith, Mrs. V E , Rt 1, Box 11, Columbia Mundy, Carol Hill, 220 Wayne St , Columbia Nance, Mrs. S, F , 2024 Sumter St , Columbia 24 Parrish, W S , Clinton Planck, Carl G , Simons School, Charleston Powell, Cecil I , Southside School, Spartan- Quattfebaum, Mrs Eva L , University of South Carolina, Columbia Rogers, Elbert E , Carver School, Columbia Ropp, J J , 310 N Rhame St , Manning Rutherford, Harry B , Waverley School, 1225 Oak St , Columbia Setzler, Mrs. E B., 2001 College St , Newberry Southerlm, W. B , Supt of Schools, Winnsboro Thomas, Martha E , State Office Bldg, Co¬ lumbia Toole, Norman C , Dorchester Terrace School, Navy Yard Turner, J C , Supt of Schools, Greenwood Ulmer, T. H , Thornwell School, Hartsville Varn, Guy L , Dir Div of Personnel, Public Schools Columbia Voigt, Caroline, 1000 Bull St , Columbia 21 White, Lena E , 214 Echols St , Greenville Wisener, J. E . 2Vi Lamboll St , Charleston 2 Wofford, R H , Grammar School, Moncks Corner SOUTH DAKOTA Anderson, Laura B , 326 S Minnesota, Sioux Falls Bissell, E H., Whittier School, Sioux Falls Case, Ethel D , 815 N. First St., Aberdeen Haas, Grace, 1615 S Mnnnesota Ave., Sioux Falls Hartshorn, Herbert E , 108 S Van Epps Ave,, Sioux Falls Johnston, Maude E , 414 11th Ave S E , Aber¬ deen Lerstikow, Lydia, 323 S Lincoln, Aberdeen Nelson, Nan M , Lincoln School, Sioux Falls Newkirk, Rachel, 817 W. 11th, Sioux Falls Rogers, Gertie Belle, 209 W Second Ave , Mitchell Rossow, Ben O , 439 S Western Ave., Sioux Falls **Royhl, Ella M Franklin School, Sioux Falls Saneer, Thora Olive, 318 E Fourth Ave, Mitchell Sell Dora, Mark Twain School, Sioux Falls Stallman, Elsie, 203 S Prairie Ave , Sioux Falls Van Tassell, Ardath, Longfellow School, Mitchell Venoss, Mabel P , General Beadle School, Sioux Falls Wagner, Ruth, 201 W Second Ave , Mitchell TENNESSEE Adams, Howard, Neelys Bend School, Madison Allen, Mrs. Margaret, S Arlington, Rt. 4, Nashville Anderson, Mrs C. E , 2916 Dickerson Rd., Nashville Anderson, Esse L , 399 N Garland, Memphis 4 Arledge, Eliza, 2534 Blakemore Ave , Nashville Bailey, Mrs Etta S , Lucy Bales, J D , Elementary School, Soddy Barnes, Mrs. Zola, Rt, 3, Johnson City Barret, Mrs. Reed, Arlington B “r^Mrs Louise P , 3501 Byron Ave , Nash- Bateman Mrs. H. L , Stratton School, Madison Bell, Darken, Richland School, Nashville Bellji Gerald L , 2630 Washington Pike, Knox- Bell, Nellie, 616 E. Brow Rd , Lookout Moun tain Benson, Mrs Edna B , Mooreland Heights School, Knoxville Benton, Lula, 504 Highland Ave , Jackson Biggs, R O , Beaumont School, Knoxville Billingsley Mrs G L„ Donaldson School Chattanooga Bland, Andrew B , 2195 Marble Ave , Memphis Borders, James W , Washington School, Kings port Bower, Thomas C., Arnold Memorial School Cleveland Boyd, Vera, 1842 Evelyn, Memphis Branch, Mrs Martha, Lucy Brent, Mary, 207 Fairfax Ave , Nashville Brixey, Helon, 912 Walnut St , Knoxville Brown, Mrs. A S , Murphy School, Nashville 4 Brown, Julian C , Smith School, Chattanooga 3 Buckner, J L , 951 Texas St., Memphis Burkhart, Mrs Aline, Lockeland School, Nash¬ ville 6 Burrow, Mrs Rachel, Arlington Cage, Marie, Eakin School, Nashville 5 ♦Campbell, Mrs T. H , 286 W Deaderick, Jackson Cardwell, Ross L., Corryton Cartwright, Priscilla, Taylor School, Memphis Cason, Mrs. Margaret F , Arlington Cate, Margaret, 507 N 14th St , Nashville 6 Catron, Mrs Lena, 310 S 11th St , Clarksville ♦♦Chenault, Robert N., Warner School, Nash¬ ville 6 Clabough, Hugh C , 706 Mt. Vernon Circle, Chattanooga 5 Cockran, Mrs. Adelaide, Rt 2, Antioch Coe, Mrs. Rosia Patton, 1609 Holly St , Nash¬ ville Cole, O C , 115 Pine St , Jackson Cooper, Mrs E C , Collierville Cowell, Grace, Sequoyah School, Knoxville 16 Crittenden, E L., 1560 Florida St , Memphis 9 Curtiss, Merle, 163 Hurt St , Jackson Dance, Mrs Loyd, Normandy Davis, W. B., Williams Ferry Rd., Nashville 6 Dean, Dorothy, Collierville Deen, Pearl, Bruce School, Memphis Dodd, Herbert R., Cedar Hill School, Oak Ridge Downer, Mrs. E M , 308 E Clinch Ave, Knoxville tDuyck, L W,, Oakwood School, Knoxville Emerson, Don N , Elementary School, Franklin Englert, Mrs. E B , 2110 Waters Ave , Nash- ville 6 ,, , Erranto, J. W , Tarbox School, Nashville 4 Field, Mary, Centerville ♦Forrest, Bertha, 1162 Peabody, Memphis 9 ♦Fry, Elouise W , Dan Mills School, Nashville 6 Furney, Charles P , 467 East Dr , Oak Ridge Galloway, Donnell M , Park City-Lowry School, Knoxville Gandy, Sarah B , Rt 3, Box 252, Memphis Garrison, Harrell E , George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville 4 Gibbs, Lacy, Leoma Gilliam, Mrs. Norris, Goodlettsville Goforth, Douglas, Box 385, Tracy City Greene, Zella Mae, 911 W. Hill Crest, Johnson Griesbeck, Joseph G., Jr , Riverside School, Memphis Griffin, Mrs, Horace, Arlington list of members „ Bj.th 901 N. 16th Ave,, Nashville &. A Mae, 414 N. lAh St., Nash- cJb Mrs. Muriel C., 1000 Dodds Ave„ r'&S’T M 2, Smyrna S? M. ladle. 1957 Lyndale Ave„ Mem- uijji 1 H-, 510 Owen St„ Knoxville 15 vims' E H„ Baxter School, Nashville 6 fi V Lavona S„ Rt. 1. Lenoir City Hariev Guy, 1100 Eastdale, Nashville 6 Haynes, Mrs. Clara P., 609 Houston St.. Chat- Herndon, 4 Florence S„ Gateway and Granny White, Nashville , _ . Hinton, Janie, James School, Eads Ho|le, Elizabeth B., 2301 Elhston Pl„ Nash- HomM, 5 Jame, 105 Ridgeside Rd., Chattanooga Honsbotough, Lucile, 746 Georgia, Memphis 5 Hooper, Anna E„ 1311 Clay St., Nashville Hornaday, W. 0 , 237 S. Seminole Dr.. Chat- HovZf Mrs. Mary, 2511 Natchez Trace, Nashville 5 „ _ , Hurt, Frances, McCann School, Nashville 9 Hurt, Ruth, 134 Carlise Hall, Oak Ridge Hyder, Alice, Riverview Rd , Elizabetnton Hyder, Gretcnen, East Tennessee State College, Johnson City , Iiorn, Mrs Inez, 4008 Granny White Rd., Nashville , Jahn, Erich W., Lookout Mountain James, Mrs. Jack, Joelton Johnson, Mrs. Iris H, Elementary School, Powell Station Johnson, Margaret, 1743 Galloway Avc , Mem- Jofrason, W. C., Kirkland Avenue School, Chattanooga 10 Jones, Mrs. Bertha, Wade School, Nashville Jones, Eunice, Clemons School, Nashville 4 Key, G. A., Orchard Knob School, Chatta¬ nooga 4 Leath, Mary, 1179 Faxon, Memphis 7 Leavell, Dr. Ullin W., Prof, of Educ., George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville • Lester, Mrs. Nancy Cooke, Rt. 2, Box 147 Memphis Lett, Howard C , Elementary School, Dyer Little, Mrs, Lillian Hannah, Robertson Acad emy, Nashville Lotspeich, Mrs. Ethel W., 176 S. Crest Rd. Chattanooga ‘Lov, H. G., Gibbs Avenue School, Corryton Markey, Pearl, Cummings School, Memphis Mathis, Mrs G. C., 2607 Oakland Ave., Nash ville 4 May, Mrs. Amanda B , Park Avenue School Nashville 9 McBee, Floyd T., Rt 3 . Concord McGehee, Charlie Irene, Robert E. Lee School Paris McGehee, W. Rc„a, Glenwood School, Oak Ridge Merriwether, M D., 808 N. Hays Ave., Jack son Miller, Mrs Jonnie M., 605 Garden Ave, Knoxville 18 Miller, Lola, High School, Van Leer Montague, Annie L , 126 Woodrow St.. Jack- son Morrison, M L , Bruce High School, Dyersburg Moss, Martha, Ross School. Nashville Mumhy Mrs Mary E„ 1087 Walk PL, Mem¬ phis 6 Nicholson, W S., 228 Cansler St , Knoxville 16 U Neal, Robert, Howell School, Clarksville Uft, Robbie, 1800 Jefferson St, Chattanooga (Tennessee} 319 Owen, Mrs. P. M,, Dunbar School, Johnson City Parham, Mary E., Buena Vista School, Nash¬ ville Parker, Hilary D,, Linden School, Oak Ridge Parkinson, Rose, Gordon School, Memphis 7 Parks, Mrs. Ruth R., Elementary School, Anti¬ och Parks, Mrs. Sadie, Hamilton School, Nashville Pate, Florence, 1867 Rainbow Dr., Memphis 7 Patterson, Frances, Donclson Patterson, W. C„ Malesus Patton, Mrs. Irene H., Henry School, Cliattan- noega Pedigo, Mrs. Lillian A., 1 Vestal School, Knox¬ ville Plummer, Lois D., Sunset Gan School, Newport Powell, Mrs. Kathryn, 1557 Peabody, Memphis Poweis, Mrs. Ross, Dandridgc Rawls, Flora, State Training School, Memphis Reeves, Mrs. W, E„ Gricnlow School, Mur¬ freesboro Richardson, Eleanor, Maury School, Memphis 7 Richardson, Julia Ruth, East Brainard School, Chattanooga Ridgway, Mrs. Caroline EL, 921 Madison St., Clarksville Roberts, Dewey W., Heiskell School, Knoxville Robinson, Lavmia, 1700 Riverside Dr„ Nash¬ ville 6 Robinson, Lessie Mai, Bel] School. Dyersburg Robinson, W, T., Carpenter School, Chatta¬ nooga Rochelle, J. H., Box 64, Ripley Roland, H. I., Bartlett School, Bartlett Rudisill, Zelia I., 1571 Humber St., Memphis 6 Sanders, Mary, 1481 Rosemary Lane, Memphis Sandusky, Evelyn, Lincoln School, Kingsport Saunders. Mrs. La Verne, 3688 Jackscm Ave,, Memphis Seay, Robert, Burton School, Nashville Sebralla, Edna, 1756 Carr Ave., Memphis 4 Sevcdge, Mrs. Katherine B., Oakville School, Oakville Shelton, Mrs. Iois, Brunswick Signaigo, Katherine, Normal Park School, Chattanooga 5 Simmons, Winton, Treadwell School, 92 0 N. Highland, Memphis 12 Simpson, R. J., Murfreesboro Sims, Iva, 1715 Hays St, Nashville Sliger, I. T., 2821 Magnolia Ave., Knoxville 15 Smith, Mrs. Mary M,, 623 Vine St., Chat¬ tanooga 8 Southall, Dr Maycic K.. George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville 4 Staggs, Hannah E., Crestview Sterling, Nancy, 229 Elmwood St., Knoxville Sugg, Mrs. Martha H , Westover Dr., Nash¬ ville 5 Sweeney, H. F., 1423 Eastland Ave., Nashville 6 Talley, Lucile, 1904 Fatherland St., Nashville 6 Tate, W. M , Dupont School, Old Hickory Taylor, H D., Clarkrange *lerry, Roy B., 306 Clifton Hills, Chattanooga Thomas, R. Lee, Dir of Elem. Schools, 228 Memorial Bldg., Nashville 3 Thrasher, J. A , Livingston Trimble, Mrs. Ina, 2813 Blair Bivd., Nashville Trotter, F. H., 125 N. Seminole Dr., Chatta¬ nooga Turner, T. Q., Hill School, Memphis 5 Underwood, R. H., 720 Parkway Ave., Fountain City Vaughan, Mrs. Alyne J., Rt. 6, Nashville 9 Walker, Elenora, Board of Education, Chatta¬ nooga 320 ( Tennessee) Walker, Mrs. Margaret L., Christine School, Wafface, h Elizabeth H , 162 E ; Webster, Mem- wfer Annette. West View School, Knoxville Wells Word, Vollentine s $ ool >.,£ Iet ]l£ hls .i„ m Williams, Mrs, Johnetta K., Et, Cheatham School. Chattanodga 7 Winton, Ruth, Petros . . r . ,, Woodard, Dorothy, 323 Georgia Ave., Chat- Woody° B James E., 108 Cherry St, Mt. Pleasant •Woolird Mrs. J. W.. 1226 17 th Ave. S. WrighC *Mrs. Charles, Sunnyside School, Chat- Young° B Mrs Irene L., 4801 Utah Ave., Nash¬ ville 5 TEXAS •Adkins, Mrs. Teeny D , Box 411, Refugio Allen, Mrs. H. B., Jr.. Northside School, El AUen^Holhs H., Reinhardt School. Dallas Allen’ T. G.. Elizabeth School, Corpus Christi Allen, Mrs T. R , Box 235, Aransas Tass Allen, Wilma, 4721 Red River, Austin 22 Allison, Mrs. Louise F ■ Plain.vw Anderson, Mis Amelia B., 3901 Van Buren St , Cl Andrews J O., 3100 El Campo, Ft Worth •Andrus, H. McKee. Rosenberg School, Gal- Anthony, J. M . Fair Park School, Abilene Antwine. Ethel, Box 272, Alvarado Appling. Mrs. Kate M., Prairie Lea Archer. Mrs W T.. 4427 Airline Dr., Houston Armstrong, Alma M., Travis School, Corsicana Armstrong, Mrs Eva, Rt. 1, Alvin Armstrong. J. H., 900 E. Main St., Kilgote •Arnaudf E. E., 419 University Ave., San Arrendondo^ Mrs. C. M , 610 Garza, Del Rio Asberry, Mis. Willie F„ 1216 Dey St., Dallas Ashburn, Katherine, Sagamore Hill Schools Ft. Austm rth Frank D„ Box 1309, Port Arthur Bain, W A., Laidlaw Bros., Dallas Baird, Delila, Box 121, Rotan Baker, E. R , Olney School, Olney Ballew, Jim O., 1142 Hickory St., Abilene Banks, Lucy, 622 W. Agarita, San Antonio Barnett, Thomas Fred, Austin School, W'chita Barrow, Mamie Dell, 2101 Willow, Austin Barton, Mrs Ruth, Rt. 2. Box 10, Wellington Bates, Kyle K., Box 4?0jCilgorc Bean, Mis. Vera, 83-A Washington St . Orange Beane, Robert D , Sr., Co. Supt of Schools, Becker, Eugenia, Cockrell Hill School, Dallas Bell, Mrs. Kate A., 4368 Blodgett, Houston Bell, Nona L , Carr School, Dallas •Benthul, Herman F.. 613 S Palace Ave Tyler Berry. Esther M., 1409 Taylor St, Wichita Falls Bevis, R. E , 628 S. 12th St., Waco Bird, Nettie, 2023 Mitchell, Waco Blactman, Mrs. Clara B., Box 494, Kingsville Blackwell, Mrs. Hazel V., Austin School, Weslaco , _ „ . . . . . Blanton, J. H , 405 W. Pyron, San Antonio 4 Blasingame, C. T., Austin School, Corpus Chnsti Bobbitt. Hubert L„ Rt. 5, Longview Boone, Mamie E.. 132 E. 12th St, Dallas 8 Boren, Gladys, Arcadia Park School, Dallas Boren, J. F., Valley View School, Abilene Bosse, Mrs. Edyth R , 227 N. Rosemont, Dallas 11 Boston, J. M,, Roscoe ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Boucher, C. H , Ward School, Karnes City Boutte, Mrs. Libbie P., 2302 Dowling St., Houston 4 Bowden, M. G., Wooldridge School, Austin Bowen, Mrs. Lois, Magnolia School, Beaumont Bowles, D. Richard, 1503 Newfield Lane, Austin Boyles, Ola E., 807 Fairmont St., Amarillo Boyles, Mrs. Reba S., 3201 Oakdale, Houston Bradford, W. T., 3208 Mt Vernon, Ft Worth Bradshaw, Pauline, Lamar School, Pott Arthur Brand, Erwin, South Gate School, Corpus Christi Brashear, Mrs. Jimmie Tyler, Darrell School, Dallas Brecheen, R. E., 130 12th St. S.E., Paris Bridwell, Myrtle, 4009 Avenue G, Austin 22 Bright, T. B , 211 Forest Ave , Cleburne Bronstad, Millie, Clifton Brown, Caroline H., 939 E. Mistletoe, San Antonio 2 Brown, Mary Alice, Box 85, Velasco •Buck, Cecil E., 2414 Sixth St., Lubbock Buck. J. T., Evans School, Corpus Christi Buda, Harrell, 6210 Reiger Ave , Dallas Burk, Percy B , Gaston School, Joinemlle Burk, V. C , 32 Vaugh Dr . Houston Burke, Margaret E , 720 W Poplar St., San Antonio _ ... Burkett, Mrs L. R., Box 342, Haskell Burks, Mrs Betty Mae, Box 385, Rice Butz, J Marshall, Box 337-A, Rt. 2, San Antonio 1 Caradine, Jane C., 1735 Marshall St., Houston Carl, Geneva, 3345 Wichita, Houston Carlson, Mrs Nils, Lyford Carraway, Alleen, 724 W First Ave , Corsicana Carrell, Mrs. Jesse, Box 378, La Marqua Catledge, Faye, John Henry Brown School, Dallas Cawyer, J. A 219 E. Park, Orange Chambliss, S. W., Ogden School, Beaumont Chapman, L. L , Highland Park School, Tex- Chrisman, Julia, 1 3030 Willing, Ft Worth Clark, Mrs. John, Rosebud Clay, S. C , Box 1509, San Angelo Clayton, Mrs W. G., Columbus tCIifton, H. Lee, Supt of Schools, Falfurrias Clover, Vida N , San Juan School, San Juan Coates, Grady L., Box 55, Terrell Cobb, Mrs. Sallie E., Brum Collier, Mrs. Villa, 201 W. Huff, San Antonio 4 Cookenboo, Daisy, 2002 Brun St , Houston 6 Cooner, Mrs Naomi B , General Delivery, Rochester Couch, Mrs O. D., Looscan School, Houston Coughran, Stanley, Pleasanton , Cowley, Herman, Richard Lagow School. Dallas Cox, John H , Bonner School, Tyler Crabtree, Elizabeth, Stephen F. Austin School, Grand Prairie , , Cramford, Mrs. Mildred, 303 Western Ave, Orange Crews, Rachel M , Grapevine Crockett, Pearl, 3917 Trowbridge St., El Paso Culwell, Myrtle, 2317 Ashland, Ft. Worth 7 Cunyus, George G., James Bowie School, Dallas Cyphers, E., 315 Calloway, Marshall Daniel, Maud C„ 2425 McFernn, Waco tDarnell, W. L., Zavala School Austin Davidson, Violet B., 1109 Polk St., Amarillo Davis J. M., DeQueen School, Port Arthur Davis, Preston E„ Box 82, Denver City Davis, S B., Travis School, Corpus Christi Day, Mrs James B , Box 153. Rotan Deiany, F. M., 1500 Singleton, Dallas 4 *Dent, Charles H., 6759 Avalon St. r Dallas Doerr, Marvin F , Box 275, New Braunfels Doty, Mrs. R. E„ Montrose School, Houston Douglass, Mrs. Louise, 1918 Rosewood St„ Houston 4 list of members •Duke, Ralph U 244 N. Magdalen St., S*o iJjjjjtV P-. Winnetka School, Dallas K, Mb. F« oja S " 536 Wl Agar,U> S *" Eld A «S°M«. Louisa M., 2218 Tangier Rd.. .^^Doiolhy, 2930 Lebanon’El Paso Mam ie. 2325 Lipscomb, Ft. Worth ! Colonial School, Dallas Em, Gale, feox 1885, Odessa *ftnu, C J Cllrti*.*209 E, Van Week St., Edin- Pum® W. W., 300 N. Reynolds St., Alice Featherston, Ben, Grade School, Big Lake Ferguson, Virgil W., South Park School, Beau- tFertsch, L. M„ Rt. 5, Box 211, Austin Fisher. G. N„ 3540 Avenue E, Ft. Worth Forsyth, Norma, Austin School, Marshall {Foster, A N., Sul Rosa State Teachers College, FostM in ine 2 , 106 Brittany Dr,, San Antonio 2 f/andclow, Trancue, Elementary School, Niva- sota - _ Fronabarger, Elva, Box 357, Canyon Fultz, A. D., Ward School, Floydada [Ganunill, James R., 2218 Eighth St.. Lubbock Gardner, Maurme, East Ward School, Catrizo Springs Garner, James W., General Delivery, Sander son Garrett, Major T., Box 521, Goose Creek Gatewood, Gorden, Box 581, Tulia Germany, John L„ San Jacinto School, Gal¬ veston Gibbons, J. L., Box 871, Glade-water Gibbs, Lida, 1501 Shafter St., San Angelo Gibson, Louise. Travis School, San Antonio Gibson, Weldon, Lamar School, Corpus Christs Gill, Matthew B,, 1900 Carroll St. Beaumont Gilley, Mollie Jim, 1812 Rosedale, Houston 'Gilmore, J, E,, 3522 Pondrom St , Dallas ♦Glass, Nina B„ Sanger School, Waco Glazener. S M,, Roberts School, Dallas Glimp, Mrs. Iste T., 417 E. Locust St., San Antonio Gooden, J. E., 3254 Berry Ave., Houston 4 Gordon, Fred, Box 96, Often Grady, Annie, 202 W. Rio Grande, El Paso Grady, Margaret, 5403 Gaston St., Dallas Graham, W. S., Lamar School, McAllen Grant, Boston P., 117 S, Comanche St., San Marcos Graves, Harold, 4078 Hampshire BlvJ Ft, Worth 3 Gray, Z. B. ( West Main School, Uvalde Green, E., Box 14, Liberty Green, O. Harlos, 2113 N.W, 23rd St., Ft. Worth Greene, P. H„ Supt. of Schools, Webster Greenwood. Mrs. Louise T„ 602 Park Ave.. Orange Griffin, Modene, South School, Elgin Griffin W. O., Drawer 27, Waco wfi! ^ 4bcl Yource - 7D W. Main St., Waxahachie Gross, Homer R., Sam Houston School, Edm- burg Grove, Charlotte 2020 Carletcn. Ft. Worth Wwth ROyCC H " Moratngsiie School, Ft. Gulledge, W, D,, 326 Jeannette St,, Abilene Gustavscn, Ruby, Box 1374, Kingsville Guv Mrs. Irma B. Kirbvville Hamiltnn'Mw- , 4t > 7 F«l«d PI San Antonia 2 Ft, Wwth 3 M " 434 New York Avc ’« William A., City Park School, Hardy, J. E.. Rt. l, Box 398, El Paso n\ Hargrove, Mr?. Fdn* M., 1114 W, Alabama St,, Houston Harris, Dorothy Mae, Box 81, Own oft Harris, John I-., 3520 Normandy fvt, Dull** 1 Harris, Luollc, 20 S. Imtmrt, $*tt Aftgrta Harris, Robert, Furman School, Carpet f hurt, Hams, Viola, Martin School, Rafotovia Hartt, Mrs, A. ti», I,rv*«Sady Harvey, A, D , Bos 1235, Krtmwitie •Harnn, Mrs R. R,„ 32 North Street $M„ Nacogdoches Haynes, Ida. 101 F; Brawn St , Ennis •Haynie, W. P , East Ward School, Bmgti Head. Mm. Frances, Box 212, Grand Safiw Hefner, H A 717 ( hm? Rt , Graham Heiiifi. Irroa R„ 119 Page t>j„ San AMmfa Hemphill, Floyd A,, Margaret Will* S»h»nl, Amir ill*) Hcfisarftng, Paul. 1005 } Vtb A-.r , IV*« Arthur Higgins, Annie, flA W, Mratirtof, San Aft tamo 1 Hip iris, Gertrude, 1015 N Horror c Ave, S i •Hig&in*. Stella, W» W, Msrtletw, 5»vt An tonto 1 Hill. Ishmael, Dir of Blew, fdw , fatfiboak *Htll, J, Fritz, 2&fiS Evm« Aw , l( Wi-.-th ». Hill, Lennon, 220* 2Wh St , Lwbfahk Hints, Carl j., IWrS Wrider St , l H\U* 11 Hodges, Lucian £ . .Yarn Hwirtom A*b.«d. Demwm Hoffman, H, G , Fast Van Z*»ik M-wd, Ft Worth Hokomb, Mrs, Mae, Trenton Hrdland, Herman I., Frazer S Inwl, UilUt id •Holman, Sarah, 1505 W. Park Aw , return* j W, John N.. Rt, 3, Box JM, Honker, Mrs, Emily, St. Anthony H»trt, $«* Antonio 6 Hopper, 8. P,, Highland! House, J, T., Stonewall JatVo-n Jkhwi!, Ivor t* Howell. Natha. 2«5 Pearl Ave , Ft. W«P- Hubaili, Mrs. Elizabeth II., Bn* 1255, Kd«< -*■ Hudson. D. R., Mi*. N. E. Sixth Aw , Miiwsai Wells Huff. _ Mrs. Benia, 1563 W E.fsli Aw , Cntsic an* . Huff,. Dr. 7,. T., Howard p»-» w t «tSage, Bfownwnwl Huffman, Mrs. Margaret P„ ,WH Marshall School, Marshall Hughes, J, Lyrnltl. Sujrt of SGvmk, ’Ialso Hunter, E, I., Harare Mann SvHiwit, AwaniS** Hurley. Forrest. Riverside Mlinol, l-i W»rtl» Hurst, A. $,, Giles School, Beaumont Jnmon, Ethel, (M S. Slot* Ave , Kerem Jaham, Opal, Box Wi. Aransas Paw Jackson, C. J m W. Grand, Borger fJacobs, R. C- T„ MVi Vtl met Ave, Dai las H tjacqurrt, J. Martin, 93« f. Terreit Ave., It Worth 5 Jameson, Mrs. Naomi. 3VJ| Savannah, tl Paso Jarrott, R, A.. 2012 McGregor St , Wo.Ms. Falls •Jay, Ike W, Alta Vista School, Abitcne Johnson, Rutlj h Box 891, Alamo tjohnson, W, L. D., 2415 Dowltrur Si, Hourtoe 4 Johnston, E, D., Pmtim Hollow School, Dallas Jones, f.armll R., George W«t Jones,. Charles 1.., 4513 Rasedale Ave., Aurtrtt Jones, Gerald A., l.«lArxk Schnsd, Hmirton Jones, Ruby M., 927 N. 17th St„ *J»ner, Verna, 2247 Bartlett S„ Kuutfett ft Jnrdt, i hie H , 3iii Mavernk St,. San AntMBw Jorscnscn, Mu. Wilma P„ Bonnet Mhoftl, Houston Kane, S. D.. 1823 Nolan St., San Antunki 2 Kamr. Paul 1 . Box Mm. New Lon4*«r» $22 (Texas) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Keeble, Millicent, 2100 Park PI, Ft. Worth 4 Keeney, ‘Mabel, 2931 Aurora St , El Paso Kelley, H M , Route 2, Comanche Kelly, Miss Jo, 2010 Lee Ave , Ft Worth Kennerly, Mrs. Jack S , 405 Pine, Orange Keyes, Virgil N., Crane School, Crane Kilter, Bernice, 506 W. 12th St , Austin King, Electra D, 935 Pizer St, Houston Kloss, Ellen, Belleville Kollman, Lucille, 1103 W. Seventh St , Taylor Koon, J. Pope, Box 414, Cleburne Koonce, Edwin, Jasper Koonce, H. A., Houston School, Corpus Chnsti •Lamb, H L., Grim School, Texarkana •Lamb, Jack J,, 4007 Rosedale Ave , Austin Langford, Mrs Jane, 1808 Newning, Austin Langford, M. L., Crossley School, Corpus Christ! Lauderdale, Robert D., 685 Palm Ave , Beau¬ mont Leatherwood, Mrs. Rosa, 211 Spring St , Palestine Lee, R. B., 1802 Sixth St , Brown wood Lee, R. C., Box 547, Henderson Lewis, A. B , Box 78, Reagan Lewis, Lurline, Pennsylvania School, Beau¬ mont Linn, Josephine, Colburn School, Orange Liston, Leslie C., 623 Bismark St., Seguin Livingston, T. B , Box 146, Seminole Lloyd, Jessica, 515 College Ave., Ft. Worth Lloyd, S. M., 6126 Goliad St., Dallas Loeffler, H. W., 1322 Hicks Ave., San An¬ tonio 3 Logan, Mrs. M. I., 1153 E Rosedale, Ft. Worth 3 Loos, Alfred John, 1615 Garden Dr., Dallas Loyd, R F , East Hooks School, Hooks Lux, Clara, 1326 S. Fifth St, Waco Mabnto, Dora, 217 S. Zarzamora, San Antonio Maeker, Mrs Catherine, Scott School, Flatcnia •Malone, J B., 3703 Speedway, Austin 21 Manney, Darrell, 1017 Hedgecake St , Borgcr Martin, F A., Hirsch School, Corpus Chnsti Martin, Howard H , Roger Q Mills School, Dallas Martin, Jack L , Cullen Grimes School, Mineral Wells Mathews, Mrs Ruth, Winkler School, El Paso Matthews, Ben A., Rosemont School, Dallas 11 Matthews, Dr J. C., Dean, School of Educa¬ tion, North Texas State College, Denton Matthews, Mrs Lucy Mae, 2127 Saunders Ave , San Antonio 7 Maybery, Mrs. Mary H., Letot School, Dallas Mayhall, Temple B , 3300 Harris Park Ave., Austin 21 McCarty, Barney W., 3601 Govalle, Austin 22 McConoghy, Mrs. Hazel, 1642 W. Craig FI , San Antonio 1 McCord, T. G , 3125 Yamparika, Vernon McDade, J C., 2120 Hutchins St, Houston 3 McDaniel, B , Supt. of Schools, Denison McDavid, Finis E,, Houston Street School, Kilgore McDermand, Esther, Fletcher School. Beaumont McDonald, Donald, Box 136, Beeville McFarland, Adalme, 25 Courtlandt PI., Houston McGhee, Mildred, Phillips School, Phillips McManus, Mrs. Mabel, 420 S. Maxey, Sher¬ man McMillan, Joseph, 2308 Jordan St., Dallas McWhirter, Mrs. Margaret S , Box 106, Webster McWilliams, Alyce, Box 672, Beaumont Meek, Mrs. Florence A., 3702 28th, Port Arthur Meek, J. Aaron, Sam Houston School, Pampa Melear, Grace, 1618 N 15th St., Waco Mikulenka, Mrs. L. J , Box 613, Rosenberg Miller, Gladys, 603 Eighth Ave., Ft. Worth 4 515 W. Elmira St., San Miller, Jacksey, Antonio Miller, Mrs Paul B , Rt 2, Box 487, Houston Miller, Richard V, Box 214, Hooks Miller, Ruby L., 1064 E Rosedale, Ft Worth a Miller, Sarah C., 1119 Polk St , Amarillo ° Mitchell, C. Clyde, Central School, Texarkana Mitchell, Don L., ■ 1711 E Lawrence St Tyler " Mitchell, Mrs. Nan J., Southside School San Marcos Mohle, Dr. Charles B., 126 Santa Fe Dr Houston 12 ’’ Montgomery, W. E., 214 North Dr. San Antonio 1 ’ Moon, Mrs. Walter, Box 32, Muiden fMoore, C. L.. 1704 E 14th St., Austin 22 Moore, Mrs E K. Adams, Longview Moore, J. H , 901 W. Grand Ave., Marshall Morris, Wallace M„ 522 E. Polk St Harlingen ’ Morse, Mrs Alberta, 4011 Trowbridge. El Paso Mosely, Mrs. R. J., 3206 E Alabama, Hous- ton 4 Moses, Elsie, 3220 Hardeman St , Ft. Worth 4 Moynahan, Bess, 340 Maty Louise Dr San Antonio Moynahan, Ruth, 340 Mary Louise Dr., San Antonio Muse, E. W., 124 N. Edgefield St., Dallas Namendorf, lavina, 902 Redan, Houston 9 a er, Mrs Gertie M.. Box 783, Alamo , Bess S , 728 Peck Ave.,. San Antonio 4 Nation, R. W., 3828 El Campo, Ft. Worth Neal. Elma A , 141 Lavaca St., San Antonio 3 Neighbors, Mrs. Alice, 935 Waverley, San Antonio Newsom, H. A , 500 E. 42nd St., Austin 22 Nicholls, Mrs Willie J., 516 E. Euclid, San Antonio 2 Nichols, Dr. Claude Andrew, Southern Methodist University, Dallas Norman, Noble T., 2215 Aster St., Ft. Worth Notley, Mrs. Connie E , Box 478. Lockhart Notley. Llewellyn, Supt. of Schools, Teague Nuckols, B. R., Baker School, Pampa Odom, I. N , 1425 S Eighth St., Waco Olcott, Mrs Charles T , Ogden School, Beau¬ mont Orr, Louise, 925 Crockett St., Amarillo tOtto, Dr. Henry J., University of Texas, Austin Parr, J. B„ Menger School, Corpus Chnsti Pass, S. E., 1025 Meander St, Abilene Passmore, Bernard, Box 1957, Vernon Paulus, Marjorie, 405 Wiltshire, San Antonio 2 Payne, Mrs. Bertha S., 536 Harvard, Houston Pemberton, H B., Jr., 3707 State St , Dallas 4 Pemck, L B , Box 254, Lefors Perkins, Mrs. Joseph M., State Board of Edu¬ cation, Eastland Peters, Mrs. Charles F , 701 Drexel Ave., San Antonio Pevehouse, Mrs. C. D., Corsicana Phillips, Mrs. H. D , Maud Phillips, Lillian, 3530 Tularosa. El Paso Phoenix, Portia, 1907 New York Ave., Austin 22 ••fPierce, Dr. Thomas E„ Vice-Pres., Dept, of Elem. School Prin , Natl Educ Assn., Box 3771, Texas State College for Women, Denton Piland, Effie, 700 Willow, Beaumont Pinkey, Mrs. O. B., New Boston Plimper, Leon C., Oak Park School, Corpus Chnsti Polk, Mrs G. N., 623 W Fourth St., Freeport Polk, K B , 1721 McCoy, Dallas 4 •Pool, Helen, 2495 Cable, Beaumont Porter, E. T , Leverett’s Chapel School, Over- ton Prichard, Paul, 1009 N. Stanton, El Paso list of members ■ 9517 W. Ninth. Corsicana Se- 506 E. Pearce St., 510 yr. 12 th St., Georgetown M«. Eloise K.. 2711 >ort Ave., Waco Sdeaux. Mrs. Marguerite M., Davy rrockett School, Galveston v . Florence 38 W. Harris, San Angelo Raean at, 1910 Mayflower St., ©a las Reaves!' Mrs. Grace, Box 124, Iowa Park Reed, H Garland, Pleasant Mound School, Rhodei^Mrs. Reuby S., 1913 13th St . Lubbock Rice B B„ Box 1171, Conroe fRic’e, F R., Blackshear School, 1712 E. 11th, Riffle! 2104 Hill Crest, Ft. Worth R ch Ruth, 604 E. 16 th St., San Angelo Richter T H , Box 302, Pearsall Ricketts’ Lonnie E., 2201 Mesquite, Vernon 2 Riddle hferie Sue, 1618 N. 15th St., Waco Ripple’ Elsie Jams, 502 W. Seventh St, Taylor Robbins, Mrs. Roy, Bryant School, Sherman Robertson, Mrs. Pearl, 510 S. Spring Ave., Robinson, H. G, Box 103, Panhandle Robinson, Marguerite A,, 215 Parklane Dr , San Antonio , , , _ , Robnett. C S., Marsh School, Tyler Rogers, R. E, 424 Fay Ave., South San Antonio Roper, Irl, West Columbia Rone, George C., 3536 McFar in, Dallas Rowland, Roy H., Goose Creek Russell, Harvey D., Union Grove School, Gladewater Saenz, A N., Box 544, Benavides Sauer, Else, Elementary School, Brackcttvdle Sanderson, J. C , 810 Cage St., Houston 10 Savage, Mrs Ivy G , 2203 28th, Lubbock Scallorn, Mrs. T N., 301 E. Brown St., Ennis Schaper, Mamie Elsa, 1615- Washington Ave., Waco Schmitt, Reuben, 2115 Cedar Crest Blvd., Dallas 16 Schnelle, Marvin C., Supt or Schools, Nord- heim Scott, Gladys, Franklin School, Hillsboro Scott, Mrs. Norma Linn, Box 266 , Buffalo Scott, O. R , Box 397, Weslaco Seale, Louise, Elementary School, Livingston Sellers, Mary, James S. Hogg School, Dallas Sharp, Mrs. Gertrude M., 1020 Palm Blvd., Brownsville Sheffield, N. M , 1125 Hickory St., Abilene Shelton, R C, 1910 East Ave., Austin Shrader, John H , Box 891, Baird Shulkey, B C, 3245 Waits St Ft. Worth 4 Shumate, Zelpha E., 6536 Buffalo Speedway, Houston 5 Sides, Wesley K., Palestine Silber, Mrs Paul G., 1919 Cincinnati Ave., San Antonio Simons, Gladys, Rt. 6, Box 543, Ft, Worth Singleton, Cecil A , 1015 E. Mulkey, Ft. Smart, N C , Junior High School, San Angelo Smart, Mrs. Stella, Averill School, Beaumont Smith, Mrs. Carrie Lou, Roberts School, Houston 5 Smith, Clell R,, 610 N River, El Paso Smith, Ella J , 1316 Clover Lane, Ft. Worth Smith, G. S., 520 Lake Dr,, Taylor Smith, George R., Elementary School, McKin¬ ney Smith, Mrs. Georgia R., 210 E. Carson St., San Antonio 8 Smith, Mrs Pauline C , Box 394, Hemphill Smith, Dr. Raymond A , Box 278, Texas Christian University, Ft Worth 9 Smith, Weldon A., Heath School, Corpus Christi (Texas') 323 Spann, Ida Mae, 1810 Lucille St , Wichita Falls Spradley, E. S , Tyrrell School, Port Arthur Spradlmg, W. L , 917 E. Pierce, Harlingen Sproul, Ora, 209 E. Harris St., San Angelo tStancnsh. Ella, 1722 Wroxton Ct., Houston Stark, Helen V., 414 Florida St, San Antonio 3 Steele, Helen C., 1601 S Shepherd Dr., Houston Stephenson, Zach T , Travis School, Houston Sterling, Randall F., Booker T. Washington School, Galveston Stewart, Mrs. Emaline O., Wilson School, Houston Stewart, Mrs. Malvin, Box 306, Huntsville Stigler, W. A., Banks Upshaw Co., Dallas Stoker, Dr. Spencer, Texas State College for Women, Denton Stovall, Fanjane, 1204 Buck, Ft. Worth 4 Strain. Lillian B., Hodges School, Ranger Stroud, Richard E., Maple Lawn School, Dallas Studley, Mrs. Hattie I; , 382 Meredith Dr., San Antonio 1 Stultmg, Mrs Elsa G., Wharton School, Houston Swann, Alicia, 2931 Aurora St, El Paso Tarlton, J. F , 3627 Travis Ave , Ft. Worth Tarlton, O. A., 2100 Refugio St , Ft. Worth JTatum, Robert T , 1965 Poplar St., Beaumont Taylor, Lamar, 1109 N. Stevens St , El Paso Taylor, W, R , 506 W Acheson, Denison Taylor, William H., 18 E. Ave. G, Skn Angelo Thigpen, Zara V., 705 S. 12th St, McAllen Thomas, Josephine, Horace Mann School, Fampa Thomas, Lilia, 3031 Piedmont, El Paso Thompson, I.. E., Box 611, Marshall Thompson, Vera, 657 S. Jennings. Ft. Worth .Thurman, Stella, 2206 Seventh St , Lubbock Tribble, P. G., 122 S. Pleasant St., Hillsboro Trice, G. L., Lamesa School, Lamesa Trow, Mrs. Guy I. , 2010 25th, Lubbock Tiuclson, Julius G , North Hi Mount School, Ft Worth Tunnel!, A. M , Van Turner, J. Frank, 4709 San Jacinto St., Dallas Turpin, Celeste, 2321 W, Rosedalc, Ft. Worth Vanlandingham, Gerald D ,* Rt. 4, Weather¬ ford Vann, Mrs. Bess Ward, White Rd., San An¬ tonio 3 Walden, C. C., 1523 Travis St , Amarillo Walker, Lloyd H., 709 Sabine Ave., Longview Walker, Mrs. Ollie P , 1806 Sacramento St., San Antonio 1 Waller, Kathryn, 809 Lilac St , Ft. Worth 4 Walling, Bessie, Pilot Point Walls, Albert A., 2615 Oakdale, Houston Walton, H L., Douglass School, Dallas Washburn, C. W., 8022 Grafton, Houston Washington, Mrs. Leola D., Box 499, East Columbia Watts, Mrs. Tom, Akin School, Texarkana Watson, B H , 1018 Fuller St,, Houston 3. Watson, H. J , Fisher School, Corpus Christi Weatherly, Eula Mae, Whitaker School, Texarkana Welch, Mrs Shirley C , Rt. 5, Midway Rd., Dallas 9 Wells, John H., Sam Houston School, Denton West, Ruby, Agnes Cotton School, San Antonio Wheless, Mayme, Lipscomb School, Dallas Whitaker, J- M,, 3208 Richmond, El Paso Whitaker, Mrs. Nell, Cooley School, El Paso Whitehead, Wendell W., Savage School, Cor¬ pus Christi Whitman, Florence E , 2218 Caroline, Houston Whitmire, Mrs, Ruth R., 5002 Calhoun Rd., Houston . . „ , , „ . Whitmore, C. W., Goliad School, Galveston Wiggins, Louise, 900 Fogg St., Ft Worth Wignall, Flavia, Anderson School, Orange 324 (Texas) Wilbanks, Charles H., 4590 Magnolia, Beau- mont , „ , Wilkinson, D H,, 515 E Jackson, Harlingen Wilks, Foy Edward, 1101 Hackberry St , Tay¬ lor . Williams, Buford W, College Demonstration School, San Marcos Williams, Fred D,, Starks School, Dallas 1 Williams, Herman G., University Park School, Dallas 5 Williams, Narbon B , <501 Texas St, Dallas 1 Williams, Mrs. Versia L, 901 Bourline, Ft Worth 2 Williamson, Sarah B., 219 E Dewey PI, San Antonio 1 Williford, H. E , 314 W 35th St„ Austin Willis, Bonnie, Box 541, Wellington Wilson, Edgar Ellen, State Dir. of Elem. Educ, Austin fWilson, Frank W., 509 N. Russell St, Pampa Wilson, Mrs, J. M., 221 Chilton St., Marlin Wilson, May, Box 32, Quanah Wilson, Mrs Olga P, 1127 Los Angeles, El Paso Winniford, Mrs. May, 1801 Hatwell, Houston 3 Winston, Mary Belle, 416 Vance St., Taylor Winthrop, Alice, 111 E Laurel, San Antomo 1 Wiseman, Mrs Pat, 803 Park Blvd., Austin * Woodard, John I., 2300 Tilden St., Wichita Falls , , Woodell, Zelda. Grapeland School, Grapeland Woods, Mrs Mabel T., San Jacinto Hotel, Houston Woods, Quata, 7011 Filmore, Dallas tWright, Mrs Edith D., 2219 San Felipe Rd , Houston Wyatt, Mrs Bella, Sam Houston School, Marshall Yerwood, Mrs Beulah A., 1109 E. Terrell Ave., Ft Worth 3 Young, Epsie, Box 620, Orange Adams, Golden, Central School, Layton Anderson, J. Lee, 1568 S. 13th E , Salt Lake City 5 Ashman, Harold, Midvale School, Midvale Bailey, W. S., Box 193, Hyrum Ballam, O. L., Park School, Richmond Barton, George, South Jordan School, Rt 1, Midvale Baxter, Elwood, Rt 1, Box 333, Orem Bennett, Erma, Beaver Blair, Harold W , Rt I, Box 808, Sandy Cash, Bennett, Union School, Rt 1, Midvale Christiansen, Leon F , Tremonton Chnstopherson, L. C , Garland Clark, Arthur O., 4578 S. Russell, Salt Lake City 7 Coombs, H. Ross, Honeyville School, Honey- ville Cooper, Henry R , 143 S Second W , Logan Crane, Alma E., 185 Vine St, Murray Crosgrove, Nell, 326 E South Temple, Salt Lake City Debbs, Philip W., 4812 Memory Lane, Salt Lake City 7 Fisher, Ira M., Milford Frei, Clark, 875 E. Sherman Ave , Salt Lake City 5 Goodman, Russell H., 1721 Garfield Ave., Salt Lake City 4 Greenwell, Clifton C , 431 Ninth Ave, Salt Lake City Gubler, John G., 1229 E Whitlock Ave., Salt Lake City 5 ‘ Gunderson, J. D , 128 S Third E , Brigham City Haan, Aubrey E., 1230 S. 20th E , Salt Lake ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Hale, Howard H , Box 42, Portage Hales, Lynn, Edison School, Salt Lake City 4 Hammer, Mary M , 842 Coatsville Ave , Salt Lake City 5 Hansen, Eva M., 29 S. State, Salt Lake City Hinckley, Mrs. Lois, 3595 S. 27th E, Salt Lake City Hollands, Estelle, 2766 Grant Ave,, Ogden Hulet. ©scar J , Cedar City Jackman, Mark A, 6015 S. 13th E, Salt Lake City 7 Jenkins, Joseph, Douglas School, 668 S 13th E , Salt Lake City 2 Jensen, N. Howard, 35 N First W., Tooele Jessup, Sylmar G , Lewiston Jorgensen, H W , West Jordan School, Rt 1, Midvale Keeler, Ralph, Draper School, Draper Kiser, Freda, 1452 E. 27th S , Salt Lake City 5 Knowlton, George Q , Farmington Lemmon, C C., 857 E Ramona Ave., Salt Lake City 5 McBride, Mrs. Florence G-, Polk School, Ogden ♦Merrill, Ray S., Elementary School, Pleasant Grove Metcalf, L. D., 1232 E 33rd S , Salt Lake City 5 Morgan, Margaret E , 283 E South Temple, Salt Lake City Munns, Farrell A , Adams School, Logan Nielson, Harold W , Bingham Central School, Bingham Canyon ♦♦fNielson, Lester J., Vice-Pres , Dept of Elem School Prin , Natl Educ Assn , 724 Windsor St, Salt Lake City ♦Nyman, Emil, 946 E 17th S , Salt Lake City Olsen, Marion J , 893 E Second S , Provo Pickell, Constance, 513 N Tenth W , Salt Lake City 3 Poulson, Frank G , 1521 S Ninth E , Salt Lake City Pyke, Mrs. Eva K , 171 First Ave , Salt Lake City 3 Randall, E Laura, 453 Washington Blvd , Ogden Rice, V T , 1115 S Fourth E , Bountiful Roby, Mrs. Inez, 345 E. Third S , Salt Lake City 2 Ryberg, Edith, 1227 S 15th E,, Salt Lake City 5 Sanderson, Reed, Sandy School, Sandy Schroder, L. D , 1543 Michigan Ave , Salt Lake City 5 Smith, James S., 5012 S. 22nd W , Salt Lake City Soderquist, Oscar, R D , Delta Soelberg, Charles E , 1264 Westminster Ave., Salt Lake City : Strate, Fred C , 550 N Sixth E , Provo Thompson, Burton M., 373 H St , Salt Lake City Thompson, N. K., Riverton School, Riverton Tobler, Ezra, 2271 S 20th E , Salt Lake City Waldron, Virgil C , Elwood School, Tremonton t Walker, F, Earl, 2585 E Evergreen St , Salt Lake City 5 t Webb, Nathan H , 1311 E. Stratford Ave , Salt Lake City 5 __ Williams, James R., Elementary School, Grants- 5 ville Williams, Margaret, 1954 S Ninth E , Salt t Lake City 5 Wngiey, Raymond B , 2149 Green St., Salt t Lake City Worthen, Paul, 3240 S 23rd E , Salt Lake t City Worthen, Vernon, St George VERMONT Bean, Francis I., Meldon School, Rutland 1JST OF MEMBERS „ .. B 119 Spring St., Bennington ftm S A Vioia. Lincoln School, Rutland ‘ vfarv E.. 47 East St., Rutland Cotey, Mrs. Margaret Sears, Converse School, jffit Bessie M, 27 Linden St., Wood- Goodritrh, Martha C., Green Street School, Brattleboro VIRGINIA Acton, Mrs. Virginia L., 200 N. View Ter., Mdair, an Dr! Cornelia S., 3208 Hawthorne, AlS^Mrs, Sylvia D., Woodlawn School, Woodbridge Amiss, Catherine, College Apts Salem Bagby, George F., 232 N. Greenbrier St.. Barnett, 81 Mrs. Pearl F., 1700 _ Taylor St„ Lynchburg _ „ _ „ , Bauserman, James E , 102 W. Cameron Rd., Falls Church Beale, Elizabeth, 1128 N. Stuart St., Arlington Benson. Virginia. Sherman School, McLean Bernard, Mrs. Mary D , 429 Washington Ave. S. W., Roanoke 16 Besley, Elma, Rt. 2, Alexandria Beverley, Mrs. F. C., Whitmell Bibb, Mrs E K., 506 Moore St., Bristol Bleight. W. Carter, Chimborazo School, Rich¬ mond 23 ... Booker, Sylvester C„ 3314 Hennco Pike, Rich¬ mond 22 Bowes, P. E , John Marshall School, Newport News Bowles, Mrs. Sarah, Kents Store Boyd, Mrs. Esdelia Gunn, 310 Holbrook St., Danville Boylan, Mary, Charles Barrett School, Alex¬ andria Brady, Louise, 1806 Key Blvd , Arlington Braxton, Mrs D, H, Rt. 3, Box 21, South Lynchburg Bright, Joseph T., George Mason School, Rich¬ mond 23 Broaddus, Mrs Louise E , William Fox School, Richmond 20 Brownley. Roselyn, Bay View School, Nor¬ folk 3 a nt, Alice G., 8 River Rd., Hampton ey, Helen, Rt. 5, Box 320, Alexandria Buckner, Lloyd F., Booker T. Washington School. Newport News Buford, Florence, Clark School. Charlottesville Burrell, Charles J. E , 300 Randolph St., Rich¬ mond 20 Butler S. R , John Marshall School, Norfolk Byus, Mrs, Eunice S , 450 Harding St,, Peters- burg Campbell, Mrs. Ola L., 706 Williamson Rd., Roanoke 12 Cannon Grace M. Box 803, Norfolk 1 Carey, J, H., Mt. Hermon School, Portsmouth hm' Mary, Woodrow Wilson School, Arling- C Narfo[k J ° hn H ‘ Frances E - Allard School, Falfchur^^ 106 - Ch ^ te ^rook Carter, Ethel R , Manassas Norfolk 4 UrViS J ' J ° hn T - West Sch001 ’ SS'-JW Jefferson School, Staunton mouth' Ge0rge Peabody School, Ports- Mf, r S arct * 321 W. Main St., Abingdon Vfe Jackson St., Arlington (Virginia) 325 Cole, Ora Lee, 36 Faculty Apt., Charlottesville Coleman, Elizabeth N,, 1147 N, Vernon St„ Arlington Collins, Kate, Wenonah School, Waynesboro Cox, G. Claude, Box 264, Wythcvilk Cox, jane Leslie, Maury School, Alexandria Cowling, Louise V., 735 Pulaski St, Norfolk Curling, Mrs. Olga Jensen, 716 Rcdgate Ave., Norfolk ? Dsdmun. Charlotte, Patrick Henry School. Norfolk Davis, Betty E., Venable School, Charlottesville fDavts, Dr. Hazel, A*.vt. Dir., Research Di¬ vision, Natl. Edue. Assn., 4H15 11th St, N., Arlington Day, Emmett, Rt. 4, Alexandria Dillon, Mrs. Viola, 6216 N, 23rd St., Arling¬ ton Dunaway, C. EL, John R. Gary School, Rich¬ mond ♦Duncan, Mrs. May C, i486 Rugby Blvd., Roanoke Dunston, Margaiet, Lafayette School, Norfolk 5 ♦Edgerton, R. O., Jefferson School. Portsmouth Edwards, Willie Mae, Smythc School, Nor¬ folk 4 ♦Ellis, Mrs. Elsie B., 3412 2lst Ave. N., Arlington English, Mrs, Ada P., Rt. 2, Roanoke Estes, Myrtle A., Burke Evans, Ada, Ballentine School, Norfolk 2 Evans, Douglas V., Herndon Evans, Nancy S., 3426 Fort Ave., Lynchburg Falls, Lucy 1„ Thaxton Farrar, Mrs. Esther II., Rt 4, Box 194, Roanoke Figg, Courtenay. Rt. 1, Hopewell Franklin, Mrs. Beatrice 6„ Mt. Vernon School, Alexandria Fuller, f’onjunce, 430 Cumberland St., Nor¬ folk 4 Galvin, W. Roland, 214 S. Boulevard. Rich¬ mond 20 Garrett, Mrs. Eleanor B,, 136 Taylor Ave., Salem Gibboncy, Dorothy I,., 414 Walnut Ave. S. W., Roanoke Gillespie, Mrs. Edith Riley, Rt. 7, Box 7, Roanoke Glazcbrook, Vivian, R.D., Box M, Savedge Goodwin, Maty Ambler, Patrick Henry School, Richmond 24 Guidon, Margaret L., 921 Gordon Ave,, Nor folk 4 ♦Gorham. Mrs. Pauline C , Jefferson School, Alexandria Gray, Mrs. Henrietta E , Box 93, Leesburg Hall, Grace C., 2600 16th St, S., Arlington Hall, Mrs. Mabel Leonard, Catawba Hammond, E. Kyle, 222 32nd St., Newport News Hancock, Annie, 1700 Rivcrmont, Lynchburg Harden, J. T , 15 Chestnut PL, Danville Harding, Logan C., Copeland School, Hope- well Harris, Virginia B., Box 302, Falls Church Hawley, Edith T., 1213 Idlewond Ave., Rich¬ mond Heal^, E. Turner, Mcadowbrook School, Nor- Hemsley, Mrs. Mary E., Areola School, Areola Hensley, Mrs, Ruby, 116 Maplelawn Ave,, Roanoke Hickman, Martha, Dumfries Hill, Flora M., 127 Suffolk Ave., Petersburg Hitch, Mrs. Marietta Cato, Moffett Place School, Portsmouth Holmes, Mrs. Sara G, F., 2118 Greenwood Ave., Richmond 22 ♦Holt, Lucy Mason, Ocean View School, Nor¬ folk 3 ♦rnoK.n r. i j * 1 -™ 11 oi., Arlington lolK i Petersburg 0 yn ’ Stonewa11 Jackson School, Hood, Madge, 125 Liberty St., Petersburg tIsburs Hook, Paul 6„ Box 223, Clifton Forge 326 ( Virginia ) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Howdershell, Mrs, Josephine N, Rt 3, Box 162 , Alexandria Huband, Mary E., John Smith School, Rich¬ mond Hubard, Mrs. Mary Ann B , 31(5 High St, Salem Huddleston, Mrs. Myrtle, 526 Greenwood Rd , Roanoke Hurt, Jemima C., 533 Seventh St S W , Roanoke 16 ♦Inman, Mrs. Lillian G , Chatham School, Chatham Ish, George B., Briggs School, Portsmouth James, Ruby D v 1168 Shepard St, Petersburg Johnson, Katherine L., Baker School, Richmond 20 **tjohnson, Lillian M , 404 Chestnut St , Norfolk Jones, Annie Lee, Duncan M. Brown School, Petersburg Jones, Bertha B., Dunbar School, Norfolk Jones, Bettie W., 129 Franklin St., Harrison¬ burg Jones, William T , Whaleyville tJoynes, Mrs. Edith B , 1311 Colonial Ave., Norfolk ♦Kellam, Mary R, Cooke School, Virginia Beach Kelly, Mrs Ruby V , Box 302, Leesburg Kent, Mrs Ola M, Palmyra Keys, Mrs. Zella C., Box 202, Herndon Kidwell, Gertrude, 401 E Howell Ave , Alex¬ andria King, Mrs Nan St Clair, 2038 Park Ave., Richmond 20 Kiracope, Mabel R , Coleman Place School, Norfolk Kizer, Elizabeth B., 226 Norfolk Ave , Lynch¬ burg Lane, Bessie B , 3118 Somme Ave , Norfolk Lane, Mrs. Tamah R , 1147 35 th St , Newport News Lee, Evelyn, 1520 N Longfellow, Arlington Lewis, Mrs. Alice W., 906 Sixth St., Lynch¬ burg Lipscomb, Margaret A , Highland Springs Littlejohn, Margaret, 204 Wycliffe Ave , Roanoke Lohmann, Mrs. Florence M , Rt. 1 , Box 306 , Richmond 23 Love, _ V. J , Port Norfolk School, Portsmouth Ludwig, Margaret, Vienna School, Vienna MacGregor, Julia, 400 S. Washington, Alexan¬ dria Maganty, Mrs Evelyn, Oakton School, Mc¬ Lean Manson, W. A., Larchmont School, Norfolk Massoletti, Lillie, 3332 Wilson Blvd., Arling- ton Matthews, Sue, 507 Mulberry, Martinsville McCormick, Mrs R. O., Java McPherson, Carmel G , 811 Buckroe Blvd , Phoebus Menin, Alice M , 320 51st St, Newport News Miller, Helen, Camera School, Cnmora Morrison, E. Wilson, Box 430, Front Royal Moody, Noel H, Beverley Manor School, Staunton Moore, Charles N , Box 178, Hopewell tMorton, Oscar A , 3222 P St , Richmond Murphy, Mrs Kizzie Q , 110 Wasena Ave , Roanoke 15 Mustek, A R., 54 Aylwin Rd , Portsmouth Mustam, Emory, Falling Springs Myers, Robert A., Hillsboro ♦Nash, Ethel H , 724 Williams St., Fredericks- burg Neal, Mrs. Gay, Fort Lewis School, Salem •Nevitt, Frances Elizabeth, Lorton Nixon, John L f 900 Buchanan St., Richmond Noland, Mrs Lillian H., 716 Grand View Dr., Alexandria Overby, Mrs Ethel T , 1000 W. Marshall St Richmond Owen, Rebecca, Lorton School, Lorton Pa $lnviife rS ‘ FranCeS ’ Mt Her ®°n School Piland W. W., Robert E. Lee School Ports mouth ♦Pilcher, Ethel, Hill School, Petersburg Plymale, Mrs. Ruby M, Edgemont School Covington ’ Porter, Mrs. Harriet B , Blandford Training School, Petersburg 6 Powell, Mary E., Robert E. Lee School Dan vilie Pratt. Dorothy I., Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynchburg Proescher, Edith E , Box 484, Norfolk 1 ♦Richards, Dorothy, Parkmont Apt Lynch burg ’ Riker, Marjorie T., 131 S Market St., Peters burg Robbins, Mrs. Mollie S , Henry Clay School Norfolk Robertson, A. Zuleime, Nathaniel Bacon School Richmond 23 Robinson, Clarence L , Stuart School, Norfolk 8 •fRorer, Henry S , 1405 Dinwiddle Ave Nor folk Saffelle, Mrs. Meta G , 212 E Mason Ave Alexandria ♦Scott, Katherine K , 3301 Stuart Ave , Rich mond 21 Scott, Mrs. Rae W , 404 W Main St., Salem ♦Shafer, Garfield, Jr , 203 Carney St , Ports mouth Shoemaker, Ida C , 4202 Springhill Ave Richmond Simpson, Blanche, 1124 Franklin Rd., Roanoke 16 Simpson, Harriet L , West End School, Roanoke Sims, Ethel G , Rt 2, Fairfax Slayton, Mildred Lee, 721 N Mam St, Dan¬ ville Smith, Dolly, 4400 18th St N , Arlington Smith, Emma A., 311 Welton Ave., Roanoke Snead, Janet W., 236 Boston Ave , Lynchburg Snodgrass, Audrey, Madison School, Falls , Church Starling, Annie Preston, Supvr of Rural Educ Winchester ♦Starritt, Bertha W , 1320 Chapman Ave S. W , Roanoke Steed, Mildred E, George Mason School Alexandria Stiff, Annie B , 1310 Meadow St., Roanoke Sullivan, Webster P., Madison School, Nor folk Sydnor, Lewis A., 810 Seventh St , N W Roanoke ♦Taylor, Ethel L., Jefferson School, Newport News Thompson, Mrs. Martha, 802 Lexington St. Norfolk 6 Tipton, Mrs. Ossie L, Elementary School Manassas Trent, Mrs Gilberta W., Fort Hill School Lynchburg Truitt, Dorothy, B and 22nd St., South Nor folk Truitt, William J. B , 2930 Henrico St Norfolk Turner, J E., Box 729, Martinsville Urquhart, Helen D , 4 Dumont Apts , Lynch¬ burg Vaughan, H. L , Robert E Lee School, Nor¬ folk 7 Waide, Helen I , Douglas MacArthur School, Alexandria Walters, Nell D , Belmont School, Roanoke Wampler, Everett N., 345 S. Main St., Har¬ risonburg list of members VM, J°ha H - Laurl E ' TltUS SCh001 ’ N ° r ' Mrs Lenore K„ 1861 Lmk Rd , Lynch- & Mrs Catherine P., 1060 Rivcrmont JSn’Aohn Godonsville Adi t ^S%!S£. Sfl» Apts., Fredericks wlbeft, Mrs. Pauline, 52 S. Aberdeen St.. V nK°;ames Harry, 1729 Porter St . Rich- Wdhams, 2 Sherman J.. T.tustown School, Nor- Jjft V H. Truxton School. Portsmouth Wilson, Elsie E, 9901 Rivermont Ter., New- Wils?n! N Ma S rguer.te A„ Jackson School, New- /ood, M?s! Bennie S., White Rock School, Wnnd Ch Iilv S Granby Street School,.Norfolk 5 Woodward,' M^Arlethia, 1211 Chicagcla St. Wng°ht°Ma 6 ry F:, 307 London St., Portsmouth WASHINGTON tAxtdf. Annie D , 219 Boyer Ave , Walla BaS’* Katharine E, 1102 Eighth Ave, Barbof Carl S . Stevens School, Seattle 2 Bargewell, Arthur B , Washington School, Barnes!" Eventt, Rt. 2, Wapato Barnes, Rita, 301 N 26th Ave , Yakima Baugh, Norbert, Rt 3, Wenatchee Baump, Lucille, E 1855 12th Ave.. Spokane Bender, Mrs Kate, Navy Yard School, Bremerton , , „ , . „ Berto, Vilas John, Overlake School. Bellevue Blake, Earl, 1013 University, Walla Walla Boulton, Howard F , Elementary School, Con- Boufton, Silas W, Haller Lake School, Seattle 55 _ Boys, Clair L., Box 225, Everson Brennan, Miss B , Franklin School. Bellingham Brewer, Madison, College Elementary School, Cheney * , Bnslawn, Maurice J , Kessler Boulevard School, Longview Brown, Albert C , Box 103, Kent Braff, Mrs Beryl J , Lowell School, Belling¬ ham Buhrmester, Paul L., Stevens School, Onrak Cameron, Gladys R , 4710 Densmore, Seattle 3 Campin, Reginald W , Blaine Consolidated Schools, Blame Carroll, Charles L , S 39th and M St., Ta coma 8 Casey, Alice M , 420 Terry Ave , Seattle 4 Catching, Thomas E , 4701 Fifth Ave N. E,, Seattle 5 Cellars, Vera E , 912 Hewitt, Bremerton Chichester, J Bernard, 6848 31 st Ave. N.E , Seattle 5 Chiotti, Joseph F , Snoqualmie Falls Clarkson, Lee W , 1350 Hunt Ave , Richland Clausen, Melvin F , Grade School, Sultan Cole, Wesley E , 10036 64th S., Seattle 88 Condy, Florence B , 9l4 Highland Ave., Bremerton Cox, Percy J,, Maplewood School, Puyallup (Washington) 327 Crowe, William F., Rock Island School, DaM kef Florence, Supt., Douglas Co. Schools, Waterville _ , Dawdy, Earl F... Box 171, Grandview Denman, Howard W., E, 303 29th Ave , Damson, Victor H., 8U0 20 th St. N E., Dtckman, Martha, S, 729 Bcinard St., Spo- Dinizerion, Edward F. , Catlin School, Kelso Douglas, Sidney B„ Rt, 4, Everett . Dowell, Charles H., Lincoln School, Hoquiam Carl, Mrs. Hazel L,, Grade School, Asotin F.klund, Evelyn, Asst, Prm„ Olympic View School, Bremerton . Elder, Raymond W., 820 E BUt St., Seattle 1 Ihs, George J., Jefferson School Port Angeles Elmer. Rudolph E. Rt, 3, Box 67. Bellevue English, Elsie, McKinley School, d acoma 4 Erickson, Alfred D„ 7542 18th Ave. N. E., Erfeksoif, Howard E., Adams School, Seattle 7 Ericson, Malcolm, Rt. 8, Vakima Fitzgerald, Anna M., 220 Newell St, walla Walla , , .. Fitzgerald, Marie, Logan School, Spokane 13 Fresk, June, 444 11th St., Raymond Frieze, Ernest C , 2743 22nd N L. Seattle 5 Giles, Gareth I., Spruce Street School, Monte- Ghfver, O. K., 1811 Shelby St.,. Seattle 2 Graham, Charlotte, 1007 E. Marion St„ Seattle ••Gravrock. Arthur C„ 7536 19th N. I;.. Seattle 5 „ . Circene, Max P., Box 51, l.ntiat Gricst, J- R., E. 504 27th Ave., Spokane 111 Haller, Helen, Sequim School, Sequim Hardy, Thomas N„ Supt. of Schools, Lind Hamden, Lawrence D., 3531 I'. 18?nd St,, Harnsl^Amy R., Washington School, Walla Walla . , , , , „ Hartley. Joseph C , Arnada School, Vancmmi Haugan, S. M., Rt. 3. Box 291, Port Orchard Harvey, Barbara, 1025 W. Cleveland, Spokane Hebcler, Amanda. Central Washington College of Education, Ellcnsbutg Helmcr, Mona, Smith School, Bremerton Hemphill, Lena I... Martha Washington School, Seattle 8 Hendrickson, Lillian, Olympic View School. Bremerton ,, Henry, Austin I.,, 411 W. Garland Ave,, Spo kane „ , , Hermann, Ida M., 2815 Boylston Ave. N., Seattle , , , .. , Herren, Mrs. Dora S., 6535 18th Ave. N. I . Seattle 5 Hoff, Bruce F„ Birchwood School, Bellingham Hoffman, Harold G , Rt. 1, Opportunity Holm, Alice, Naselle Holm, C P.. Grade School. Garfield Honeycutt, Elbert J., Highland School, 1 icton Horrall, Pansy, Irving School, Spokane Howard Carl W., 237 N. Mam St., Renton Hudson, Richard L , Elementary School, Slieltim Hull, Edward, Moses Lake Hungate. John A., Hough School. Vancouver Hutchins, Earl L , Broadway School, Long- view Iverson, I. E., 3502 E. Clark St„ Vancouver Jackson. Mabel, McKinley School, Spokane 15 Jantz, Peter C>, Grade School. Odessa Jennings, Leonard M,, Martin Washington School, Colfax Johnson, Clifford M., Box 212, Issaquah tjohnson, Elsie Marian, Normandy Apts., Van* couver Johnson, Jasper H., School Dist. 2, Union Gap 328 (Washington) Johnston, Louise A , Eastern Washington Col¬ lege, Cheney Jones, Nola, Elementary School, Cashmere Keene, Edna L., Box 344, Prosser Kegel, Harry William, 1527 Rainier Ave, Bremerton Kelly, William Robert, 6616 Fauntleroy Ave, Seattle 6 Kendrick, W. A., Columbia Valley Gardens School, Longview Kimm, Charles, 610 Madison Ave., Toppenish Kinade, H J, Supt, Chelan Co. Schools,' Wenatchee King, Bertha Farley, Webster School, Seattle Kittleman, Harry F, 15631 Eighth Ave S., Seattle 88 Klaus, Frederick F , 405 N. Iron, Centralia Klausier, George, Hamilton School, Spokane 13 Knittel, Clayton 0., Lincoln School, East Stanwood Knutson, K J., 2909 Second Ave, N., Seattle Kreger, Mrs. A V „ Box 14, Almira Lacy, Susan M., W. 204 Euclid Ave., Spo¬ kane 13 Lee, Dr. J. Murray, 410 Garfield, Pullman Lentz, Truman, South Bend Lind, Arthur E., 1404 Williams Ave , Richland Lmeback, S Frank, Box 28, Maple Valley Louis, R. N.. Grade School, Chelan Lowry, Franklin N., 12515 Greenwood Ave, Seattle 33 Martin, Sarah, 606 W 21st St, Vancouver Matheny, Donovan E., 1640 Fell St., Enum- claw Matheson, Anna May, John Muir School, Seattle Mattern, H. V., 13034 39th N. E , Seattle 55 May, , Joseph M , Luther Burbank School, Mercer Island McAllaster, Marion, 602 Melrose N , Seattle 2 McCamish, Lena Mains, Elementary School, Kennewick McKinney, Nellie, 1214 W. Yakima Ave,, Yakima . McNew, Eo Lo, 2528 W. Courtland, Spokane 12 Melville, William D., Park Avenue School, TaComa Meyer, Florence L., N. 2415 Elm, Spokane 12 Moore, Troy, Rt. 3, Box 657, Port Orchard Myron, E. F.. 3735 S. 152nd St., Seattle 88 Neiswender, J. A., 10811 12th S. W., Seattle 66 Nelson, J, Roy, Ocean City Neterer, Elizabeth, 10481 Maplewood PI, Seattle 66 Neutzmann, Wilbert E,, 708 Lake Washington Blvd. S., Seattle 44 Nostrant, John W., 8103 Fifth Ave. N. E., Seattle 5 Oliver, Fred L., Wallace School, Kelso Olts, Donald G., 5018 18th N. E., Seattle 5 Osborne, R. E., Supt. of Schools, Colfax Otness, Oak T., 1412 South L, Tacoma 3 Ott,»Mrs. Esther, Algona School, Auburn Ove, Harold T., 2227 Interlaken PI., Seattle 2 Overfield, Dale E., Salishan School, Tacoma 7 Overstreet, Victor W., 610 Cedar St., Coulee Dam Palmer, Lawrence I„ Outlook Parker, Isabelle C., S. 180 Cannon St., Spo¬ kane 9 Payne, Camilla S., 10020 Gravelly Lake Dr., Tacoma Petite, J. Edward, 12750 39th N. E , Seattle 55 Phinney, Harold M., Star Rt. 2, Port Town¬ send Pomeroy, R. A., 5935 35th S. W , Seattle 6 Powell, Charles O , 1201 W. Martin St., Elma Radcliffe, William O. E , 437 21st St., Belling¬ ham ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS ^AnaJrS* R - Wh.tney-Nelson Schools, Reese, Chester M , St. Helens School, Longview Reeves, Lester L 6847 18th Ave. N. E Sea tU Reeves, Wiifred L Roosevelt School, OlynW Rey, Gildo Washington School, Auburn P1 Reynolds, Marian Hilburn, Washington School Bremerton • ‘ Rickert, Mrs. Helen, Longbranch Roblee, Lester R., 1712 E. 68th St , Seattle 5 Robinson T W , Alderwood School, Alderwood Rogers, Clarence R., Rt. 4, Walla Walla Ronald, Gilman A., 9530 14th N. W Seattle 7 Ross, Frank W , Oroville Ryan, William C., 10335 Interlake, Seattle 33 Sandin, Adolph, 4-33 13th Ave. N , Seattle 2 Scroup, Lester E , Cascade School. Chehalis Selby, Kenneth E , 810 Dexter Ave., Seattle 9 Sells, John A., 2216 E 46th St, Seattle 5 Sharnhroich, L. W., 511 E. Ninth St Port Angeles ’ Shipley, J Roy, 1704 W. First, Aberdeen Simpson, Mary, Central Washington College Ellensburg 6 ’ Skeen, Mrs Bearmce S , 2701 Eldndge Ave Bellingham Skotheim, Sivert, 9840 California Ave., Seattle Smith, Byron B., 9021 View Ave N. W Seattle 7 ’ * Smith, L. Emmett, 602 Ave. A Snohomish Smith, Vernon A., Harney School, Vancouver Snowden, Lawrence R, 11638 E. Marginal Way, Seattle 88 Sorweide, W. A., Redmond Spining, Effie B , Lowell School, Spokane 9 Staffclbach, Pearl W., Rt. 10, Box 954, Ta¬ coma Stanton, Edgar A., 3302 E. Mercer St., Seattle Stemke, E. L., Sunset School, Selah Stoecker, Mamie B., 4756 18 th Ave, Seattle 5 Stone, Emma D., 1049 E 92nd, Seattle 5 Stnte, Adelaide, 624 E. 22nd, Spokane 10 Stubbs, Barbra, Thornton Stubbs, Roderick M , 11211 Fremont, Seattle 33 Summers, Mabel, 640 N. Elm St, Colville Swedine, Elmer, 6219 29th Ave N E., Seattle Tayet, Frithjof, 3719 E. Eye St., Tacoma 4 Taylor, Mrs. Helen S., 2503 Lincoln, Yakima Thomas, Mrs. Lillian B., Dry Creek School, Port Angeles Thorsen, O. W., Boulevard Park School, Seattle 88 Thune, Elmer T., Stanley School, Tacoma Towner, Earl M., 6856 31st N E , Seattle Tucker, T. M. f Rosehill School, Mukilteo Turnbull, Fred A., 1812 W, Sixth St, Aber¬ deen Turner, Bess R., Wilson School, Spokane 9 Turner, Claude F., 10008 Valmay Ave , Seattle 77 Van Ctuyningen, Paul, 4715 36th Ave. N. E , Seattle Vetting, Ida F., 2502 E. Lynn St, Seattle Walker, W, D , Fruit Valley School, Van¬ couver Watt, Everett A., Chelan Weisman, Frances, S. 726 Jefferson St, Spo¬ kane 9 Wclden, Carrie R , 2137 S. Tekoa St, Spo¬ kane 10 Wenzel, Harold E , 117 W. Fourth St, Aber¬ deen West, Clifford D., Box 653, Centralia West, Leonard M, Hamilton School, Colfax Whilt, Mrs. Selma E., 3059 Austin St., Seattle 8 Whitesides, Vance W , Kessler School, Long¬ view Wiesen, Robert W , Rose Hill School, Kirk¬ land Woodend, Mrs. R. G , Starbuck list of members . n r McCleary School, McCleary Sfc st ' Seattlc5 ^kh^Mav C e T 1202 Eighth St , Bremerton £ 1617 Fourtfi St.. Marysville WEST VIRGINIA Alston, Cheatham, Box /101, Eskdale iirsflt nTo n w. Pike St Clarksburg Auv’il G. G., Mercer School, Princeton •Avers Cecil, Grade School. Elizabeth Bsechtel, Gertrude B Shepherdstown Bailey, E. Cassidy, Grade School, Welch Bailey "Lilian, 653 Jones Ave., Morgantown Baker, Ruth, Box 156, Logan Barber, Sarah C . Box 2092, St*. A, Charleston Barrett, Mrs. Mary T„ 322 Elpn St„ Huntmg- Bayliss, Hobart, Park St., St. Albans Beavers, Henry C„ Jr.. Jaeger •Billups, Cecil W, Box 4 22, Madison Bird, Ralph S , Box 15. Matoaka Blizzard, Arlie R., Franklin Boardman, Mary, Thorpe Bolt, Mrs. Mae M., Matewan Bond, LaMar, Rockcave Bosley, Opal B , Central Station Bowman, Mrs. Audria C., Amherstdale School, Amherstdale . Brammell, Iva S.. 115 Elm St., Logan Brown, Agnes, Rt. 3, Box 359, Charleston Brown, Clara, 1318 Sixth Ave , Huntington Brown, G. E., Bartley Brown, Raymond L., 47 Court St., Welch Brown, Scott M , 1319 Second Ayc., Charleston 2 •Brown, Stanley, 129 Camden Ave,, Buck- hannon Brucker, Charles D., Central School,-St. Albans Brucker, Elizabeth, 1001 Sixth Ave., St, Albans Bryant, Mrs. Helen B., Fairvrew School, Blue- field Bsharah, Mrs Ruth C., 44l Forest Circle, South Charleston Buck, F. A , Middlebourne Bunch, Margaret, 1120 Fifth Ave., Huntington Burdette, Milton, Leon —' Burke, Mary, Box 218, Chesapeake Burnette, Ethel, West Virginia State College, Institute Burton, Ada M , Box 56, Kimball Caldwell, Laura L . Box 413, Point Pleasant Calloway-Brooks, Mrs. Marion, 423 S. Fayette- St„ fieckley Carmichael, H E , 1305 Sixth St , Moundsvillc Carper, Amina, Lizemore Carvey, Harold K., New Creek School, Keyser Cavendish, R. E , Minden Chapman, Clara Ella,, Box 116, Milton Chenoweth, R. Neil, Box 58, Clendenin Childers, Alton, Smithburg Clark, Oscar C., Paw PaW Conley, Fred C , Newburg Cooke Cecil D , Box 187, Beaver Cottrell, Mrs. Martha J, 1108 Quarner St., Charleston Cox, Minnie, Central School, Hinton Craddock, Ernest B , Supervisor, Logan C Charleston 2^" 1113 AvC ” c %, M c rs L E1 J?, abe , th R - Fifth Ave. and C, St., South Charleston 3 Craven, Willis D., Tallmansville Cunningham, Alma, Central School, Chester Curran. Mary Jane, Salem Grove Maty M ' A ’ Rt ' 4 * BoX 319, Elm n^’i es ’ School, Alexander Uamd, Theron Box 236, Dorothy burg* ^ lEoc ° ^ > Mt, Clare School, Clarks- (West Virginia) 329 Davis, Lena M,, Box 67, Welch Davis, Zula Shomo, Rt. 3, Box 78-A, Buck- hannon Dean, A. B., Rt. 4, Box 72, Buckharmon Dean, Dorothea, 1210 Baltimore St,, Me- Mechcn Dent, L- A., Graded School, Roncevertc Dickenson, R. Guy, 226 Maple St., Philippi Dobbins. Porter F,, Box 165, Logan Drummond. Myron, Rt. 1, Barbotirsville •Easley, Margaret. 1101 Augusta St., Blucfidd Kckanf, Garry, 2804 Ohio Ave., Huntington Evans, A. F., 2728 Guyan Ave., Huntington 2 Hans, A. R., 3744 Mam $r„ Hollidays Cove •Farren, Oran B., 810 Dewey Ave., St. Mary’* Ferrell, Roy H , Scott Depot Finley, Vena, Apple Grove Flinn, Virgil, Supt., Kanawha Co. Schools, Charleston 1 Forsythe, Genevieve, 2J4 Ninth Ave., Hunting- ton Fortner, Allen, Box 137, Logan Founds, Henrietta, 202 Ash Ave., Moundsvdle Fowler, Orlan C., 101 Hudson St., Clarksburg Fox, Doyle, Elementary School, Red Jacket French, Mrs. Ruth J., 2115 Fulton St., Blue- field Frew, David, 3419 Ebn St., Hollidays Cove Friend, Bessie M.. Clay Gainer, J. V , Tunnclton Gall, Waitman D., Jr., Box 277, Philippi •Gardner, Josephine, Hinton Garrett. Denzel R , Rt. 5. Box 232-A, Charleston 2 Garrett. Herbert, 142 Prospect St., Spencer Garrison, Cecil A., 326 Banfield Ave., Follans- bec Gates, Cecil R., 70 McKinley Ave,, Morgan¬ town Given, Clarence A., .Elkview Goosman, Alma, 1800 Bigley Ave., Charles¬ ton 2 Gordon Luta M., Bethany Gosc, Stuart A., Grade School, Matewan Gray, Clyde L., 1003 First Ave,, Montgomery Gray, Rex C„ West Union Grizzell, W. K., Elementary School, Dccota tGrosscnbach, Mrs. Bess K., Wet Branch School, Sharnn Hager, Earl, Dehue School, Define Hagcrty, Mary E., 439 Washington St., Charleston Hall, Ava E., Box 426, Morgantown Halterman, C. B-, Elementary School, Mathias Hambrick, Mrs. Louise. Box 887, Williamson Hammond, Evert M. Wilsonhurg Hamrick Portia J., 1720 Fifth Ave. Huntington Harden, Hattie, Bristol Harris, Bretsel, Box 66, Belington Hart, Virgil S., Rt. 1, Elkins •Harvey, Carl B., Rt. 1, Philippi Harvey, Mrs. Elva W., Box ;32, Institute Hatcher, William, East End School, Btuefield Hatfield, Wayne, Man Hatfield, Wirt, Gilbert •Hawse, Stanley P., Grade School, Moorclield Heiskcll, M. M., 11 Carpenter Ave., Ridgelcy Hensley, Mrs. Blanche A., Kermit •Hensley, Myron B., 2215 11th Ave., Hunting- ton High, Lillian, 203 Somers Ave., Charleston 2 Hite, D. A., 888 Nationat R J., Box 1876 Williamson Wufnef’Cecif Ii\ Box 80, McWhorter wJker’ A L , Box 508, Mt. Hope Wallace, Mrs Gladys S„ 269 Bethany Pike, Wafsb, Isabelle, 1011 Walnut Rd., Charles- Ward,^William D., West Liberty Warner, Hansel Earl, 6535 Roosevelt Ave., Watkins! 5 Wilma Clare, Box 236, Shinnston ♦Watnng, Denver W , Seneca Rd., Elkins Welch Thomas E., Box 412. MeMechcn West Harold F , Box 133, Glasgow- Westfall, Mrs. Bonnie, 221 Fourth Ave., South Charleston „ _ . Wetzel, Sallie Bess, Patterson Creek Wharton, Charles, 314 19th St., Dunbar Wheeler, Mrs Pearl S , 218 Sixth Ave , South Charleston White, Buena, Box 223, Logan Whiting, Maysel, Reedy School, Spencer Whiting, Olive H„ 504 Grant St., Charles- ♦Wickline, J Doyle, 141 Fifth Ave., Mont¬ gomery Wilcox, Mrs. Vonda S , Center Point ♦ ‘Williams, Fountie, 603 Pennsylvania Ave., Clarksburg , Williams, Maysel, Wellford Williams, Ruby H, 4-A Broad Moor Apt., Charleston 1 Willis, Mrs Harriet Young, Rt 2, Box 70, Philippi ♦Wilson, Mrs. Mae Cox, 696 Stratton St., Logan Wilson, Rachael E , 621 First St , Huntington Wimer, Charles N.. New Creek Dr , Keyser Wimmer, Mrs. Columbia, Box 174, Ragland Wolfe, Leoia, Mason Wood, Walter A , Rt. 3, Grafton Woolwine, Mrs Annie D , 112 Lee St., Blue- field Wotring, Delbert, Aurora Yeader, Kermit, Miller School, Huntington ♦Zimmerman, Carrie, 900 Caldwell St., Mc- Mechen WISCONSIN Andreucetti, Adele M , 3432 W. Clybourn St., Milwaukee B Augustine, Sister M , Alverno College, Mil¬ waukee 4 Austin, Edward C , 916 Summit Ave., Burllng- . ton Baldridge, Bertha L , 7003 Cedar St,, Wau¬ watosa 13 tBallou, Ethel L, 2338 Ogden Ave . Su- perior Bannon, Mary M„ 5610 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee 13 Bell, William,- 2104 E Bennett Ave., Mil¬ waukee 7 815 Marshall St., Manitowoc Berg, Mabel L., Supvg Teacher, La Crosse Co., la Crosse Bernards, Sister, 544 N 14th St., Milwaukee 3 Best, Margaret M , 315 N. WriKinuri, IVrt Washington Bidder, Peter, 3330 N. Coordon Pi,, M 1 Bilty, Mrs. Louise P,, 4711 N. Woodluitn M , Birdiall, Don P , 1029 K. Jidfctitm St., M:! wuukee 2 Birr, Otto A,, 706 F C enter G , Mtlwaukrr Blackmon, R., 2H73 X. 41st St , Milwaukee Bieke, Walter, 214 Lincoln .St., Antigo Borchardt, Harry II., W. Mcinrike Ave, Wauwatosa 13 Born, Marshal! E., 17? E. renter St,, M.-i waukee 12 iBoyce, Thomas W., 2634 N. StoweII Ave . Milwaukee 11 Brchtncr, Richard, 2 D 6 N. 3,th St , Mi! waukee H Brener, Mrs Olga, 73 7 S. Sawyer St , Mwwann Broderick, Mary IS.. 5?? N. 33id M., Md w aokee ft Brown, Maurice L , I.msson Mlntol, Superior Buholtz, W'tlham F., 3805 X', Bartlett Ave, Milwaukee 11 Buell, Francis C., Haskett School Beirut Burns, James, 1100 N. p'tli Jit,, Milwaukee Burt, Luetic, Lincoln School. Lund du Lit Bush, Maybe!! G„ State Sdionl Supervisor, State Capitol, Madison Byrne, Alice M., Washburn Siht.nl, 1 a Come Carlton, Clifford C., 7229 W. Ik* her St., West Allis 14 Carroll, Walter P., 357 E. Howard Ave , Mil¬ waukee 7 Chapel, J. C , Columbus School, Kenosha Chapin, Daisy W„ 918 s.-. M-». .* Chnslcr, Marie E, Frank 1. i ., Christen*,en, Olive, 3230 K \\ Clark, Ella C„ Atwater ■ 1, ‘. Cleary, Margaret E„ Wa .■ ■ • . Allis Cleary, Olive I. , 60!) Magnetic Rt , Hurley dork, I.ucilc, 2450 Commonwealth, Madivn Corturan, Daniel W., 1647 S. C ass St., Mi! waukee 2 ( raviUmn, Ira, Supt,, Dodge Cn, Sthoolv. Juneau Cripe, Harold E., 5011) Russet St., Ramie Curtiss, Brmton C , 1508 N. -IVtti St, Md waukee 8 Daley, Frances, 3917 W. Roberts St.. Md waukee 8 Du.kein.tn, Fred A,, 38 72 N. Eighth St, Ms! waukee Dunn, Hbubeth, Sunt., Pmc Co. Stimuli, Phillips Dunwiddie, W. R., Supt, of S, hook, Part Washington Edwards, H. K., 1276 W WiHomin Ave,, Milwaukee 3 Bhlert, Edward, N. llth and Huron, Manitowoc Engeike, Walter W., Nakoma Siluml, Madt son 5 Erickson, Emma, Franklin School, J a Crime Lvraets, Stella M , Whitney School, Green Bay Evrard, Paul.ne, 1660 Shawano Ave., lurceii Bay Faith, Emil Frank, 2908 N. 4"th St , Mil waukee 10 Feuerer, Marion G,, Co. Supt. of & hunts, .Court House, Kenosha Finncr, F. F., U5 Guilford St., Sheboygan A Flanagan, Elizabeth, 2633 N, 86th St., Wauwa¬ tosa Forus. Sonna, Hogan Schtml, La Crosse Franck, Norman, 306 Elm St„ Antigu hcimuth, Hailey, 333 Niagara St , Eau Claire Fritschcl, Max C ., Jr., 32 39 N. Ninth St.. Milwaukee 6 332 (Wisconsin) Frostad. Erhng, N. 18th Street School, Mil- Gardner? William P., 2314 Sherman Ave., Madison 4 c ... Gaul, Charles R, 1723 N. Ninth St., Mil- Gegan, e M 5 l.. Supt. of School Menasha **Geii, Phillip H„ 2941 S Wentworth Ave., Gesell^O^W., 1144 E, Henry Clay St., Mil¬ Gets hi, Helen H., Washington School, Cudahy Gray, Edith M., 7712 Sixth Ave . Kenosha Green, Ida A, Beaser School, Ashland Greenwood, Mis. Mae D,, 2757 N. 72nd St. Milwaukee 10 , m % r v t ■»/1 Griewski, Earl S., 2014 W. McKinley, Mil Groom,* Ethel, Webster School, La Crosse Guerquierre, Magdalene, Elm School, Mil Hanson? 6 Harry M., Supt., Dane Co. Schools Sun Prairie „ _ .. Happel, Delia, 1651 Denton St., La Crosse Hart Ruth E, 8805 Jackson Park Blvd Wauwatosa 13 , . „ _ Pl u , Haufschild, Harry C., 2424 S. Fourth St ,. Mil Htdnef Oliver, 4634 W. Medford Ave., Mil Henderson, Margaret G., 523 Howe St., Green Hogan, Margaret, 430 N. Maple Ave., Green Hoole, Patricia. McKinley School, West Allis Hopkins, Helen, Todd School Beloit Huebner, A. C., 2146 S. 77th St, West Allis Huycke, Robert, 2864 N. Fourth St., Milwau- kee 12 Jacks, Paul H, 1542 N. Fourth St., Mil¬ waukee 12 . . Jannusch, Ralph E., 4021 S. Kansas Ave , Milwaukee 7 , Jensemo, Mabel L. Sheboygan Falls Jerving, W E.. 1516 S. 76th St., Milwaukee Johnson, Harold B , Public Schools, Lake Johnson, J. Cornell, Parker School, Beloit Johnson, Marie Bleqda, Franklin School, Fond Tones, George E., Supt. of Schools, Mayville Jones, Harvey, 8819-A W. Hawthorne, Mil¬ waukee 13 _ ,,, , Jones, Lloyd, 4459 N. 26th St., Milwaukee Jungck, F. W., 1215 Wilson Ave , Menomome tKarst, Walter Fay, Roosevelt School, 7314 W Wright St, Wauwatosa 13 Ketterer. Armand F., Elementary School, Madi- Kibbe, Delia E„ State Dept of Public Instruc¬ tion, Madison 2 , . ,, , Kirchner, Eunice, 9102 W North Ave , Mil- waukee 13 Knorr, Mrs. Esther J , 2309 Hegg Ave , Madi- Koelsch, Joseph F., 1516 W. Forest Home Ave , Milwaukee 4 fKohn, Charlotte. 424 N. Pinckney St., Madi¬ son 3 Kottnauer, Annette M., Vieau School, Mil¬ waukee 4 Krebs, Iva M , 2964 N. Bartlett Ave , Mil¬ waukee 11 Kromrey, Edward G, Middleton Krueger, Albert W., Jefferson School, 6926 Aetna Ct., Wauwatosa La Budde, Frank, 1535 N 40th St , Milwaukee Larum, Ann M , 137 Wisconsin Ave., Wau¬ kesha Laske, R R., 94 Dodge St., Clintonville ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Lefebvre, Alice R., 600 N. Irwin Ave, Green Bay Laser, Else, 1504 N. Prospect Ave , Milwau¬ kee 2 •fLeistikow, Gordon R, Wmneconne Liljeblad, Maynard T, 1036 S 25th St, Mil¬ waukee 4 Lindsay, Blanche, 504 State, Manitowoc Lione, Geneva M., 1561 S 70th St. West Allis Lucas, W. Carman, 3807 N. 21st St, Milwau¬ kee Luenmg, Edwin G„ 2160 N. 60th St, Mil- waukee 8 Lutze, Charles F., 801 S. 15th St , Sheboygan Lynn, Delford, 2967 S. 37th St., Milwaukee 7 Magaro, Nicholas A., 1928 52nd St., Kenosha Manske, Harvey A,, 4040 W. Forest Home, Milwaukee 10 Marks. Hannah, 3360 N. Sherman Blvd., Mil¬ waukee Maurer, Charles H., 2476 N. 60th St, Mil¬ waukee McCabe, Amber, 721 Oakland Ave., Waukesha McCabe, Monica, 3370 N. Murray, Milwaukee 11 McCall, Frank S , Washington School, Racine McGettigan, Ray D , Cooper School, Superior McNally, Charles J., 1805 E. Park PL, Mil¬ waukee MenZel, Willard R , Blair School, Waukesha Miller, Josephine, 1726 Wood St, La Crosse Millmann, Anna, 5223 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee Mills, Ethel Newby, Jefferson School, Fond du Milnitz, Lillie L., 3008 N. 77th St., Mil¬ waukee 13 Moeck, Arthur H., 301 E. Armour Ave , Mil¬ waukee 7 Monette, E. C , Clear Lake Morrill, Lester M., 3014 W. Scott St, Md- waukee 4 Morse, Alice C. 802 S. 28th St., Milwaukee 4 Moser, Robert P., Supt. of Schools, Chilton Mueller, Erna, 10816 Madison St., West Allis 14 Mulvaney, Ralph A., Hampton School, Mil¬ waukee 9 Mumm, Edna E., 911 Emerson St, Beloit Mynette, Sister M., Viterbo College, La Crosse Nell, Carl, 3054 N. 68th St , Milwaukee 10 Nelson, Alan, 4129 N. 71st St.. Milwaukee 9 Nelson, Clarence E., 939 11th St, Beloit Nelson, Fred R., 1600 E. Lake Bluff, Mil- JNelson, Lena, Durkee School, Kenosha Nichols, Walter D , 2708 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee 8 „ ,, , Nichols, William E., 387 Waugoo St., Oshkosh Nodolf, Clement E., 214 Branch St, Hartford O’Grady, Catherine, 1809 E. Olive St., Mil¬ waukee 11 . Olson, Henry A , Supt. of Schools, Stoughton Oltman, Myrtle M., Emerson School, La Crosse Owens. Sadie I , 1104 N Marshall St., Milwaukee 2 , Paukert, Harold L , Supvg Prin , Kohler Paukner, Lillian C., 2117 N 73rd St, Mil¬ waukee 13 , . O TOT Perrodm, Alex F , 940 Second £ve. s • consin Rapids , „ ,, , . Peterson, Harold W., 1618 W. Keefe Ave, Milwaukee 6 „ _ , , .... Peterson, Nels, 1943 E. Trowbridge, Mil¬ waukee 7 Phelps, Clarence H., 1312 N 27th St, Mil¬ waukee 8 | Pierce, A. K. p Longfellow School, West Albs Pierce, Milton, 7177 W. Appleton Ave , Mil- waukee 13 Powell, Harley J., Supt. of Schools, Watertown' list of members ( Hawaii ) 333 p„, e Walter, 11132 W Potter, Milwaukee 13 Si. PM. 3360 E. Van Norman Ave.. R ^p h da }f Tboburn, Washington School, Wau- Rcpn° S JuUa A„ Greenfield School, Milwau- Reichert, C. Lorena, 2124 Keyes Ave., Madi- Restle, Elizabeth M , 1916 N. 84th St , Mil- Rnsenthal *1 , 2530 N. 52nd St , Milwaukee Rothlisberg, Priscilla, 430 Grand Ave , Merrill Russell Harris, 2402 Hansen Ave., Racine Ruther/ord, Howard S,, 4358 N, 19th St., sXr^Florence, 919 N. Fifth St .Sheboygan Sand Oliver C„ 2918 N. 75th, Milwaukee 10 Word; George, 6035 W. Adler St., Mil- Sculler? Valentine W , 1124 Swift Ave., She- tSchnefl? Fred S„ 2722 Highland Ter., Sheboy- Scfiowalter, Harris, 4310 N. 16th St , Mil- W3>U-lc£C 9 Schubert, Arthur, Auer Avenue School, Mil¬ waukee , Sean, Florence, 1109 S. 17th St , Manitowoc Sielcer, Lillian C-, 2227 E. Hartford Ave., Mil¬ waukee 11 , , , Silbersack, Clarence R., Joseph Koenig School Two Rivers Simon, Helen, Lincoln School, Madison Simonson, Lillian, 8 E. Gorham St., Madison 1 Sims, Clyde C., 3517 W. Courtland Ave , Milwaukee Sims, Morrison, 2029 N. 20th St, Milwaukee 10 Speerschneider, Mrs. Ethel, 727 S. Jackson St Green Bay Stevens, G. D., 405 Island Ave , Racine Stormonth, Peter, 404 E, Bradley Rd., Mil wsukcc 9 Stowe, Gustave, 9327 W, Lincoln, West Allis 14 Tabert, Anna H., 1810 W. Wisconsin Ave Milwaukee 3 Taylor, J. Arthur, 1114 N. 17th St., Superior Taylor, Wilbert H., 305 Riverview Dr., Man! towoc Tews, Richard, Brown Deer School, Milwau kee 9 Rt. 4, Waukesha Hamilton School, La Crosse Supt.. Door County Schools Todd, Samuel B Tower, Ethel F , Tronson, Curtis, Sturgeon Bay Tyler, Katherine, . 314 Third St., Oconomowoc Uber, Cyril C., Burdge School, Beloit Ulrich. Louis E., Sr , 2430 N. 59th St., Mil waukee Van Alstine, Frank L,, 4780 N. Marlborough Dr., Milwaukee 11 Vieth, Arnold, 2623 N. 38th St., Milwaukee 10 Vuchetich, Frank 1211 Emerson, Beloit Walecka, John A, 1741 Wauwatosa Ave., Wiuwitosi 13 Wandry, Walter, Congress School, Milwaukee 9 waterstreet, E. F., Free High School, Kewaunee Welling, Helen F., 233 Doty. Fond du Lac Wertscnmg, Victor, Browning School, Mil¬ waukee 9 Wiczynski. Bernard C., 3313 S. 11th St„ Mil¬ waukee 7 Williams, Howard J , R R. 2, Box 172, Muk- wonago Woblfartb, John P„ Lincoln School, Cudahy Wunrow Al J 733 S 26th St., Manitowoc i 0 V n 8i„J, ac k>, 4519 S. Pine Ave., Milwaukee 7 Ed , ward J , 3340 N. Santa Monica Blvd., Milwaukee 11 Ziemann, Arthur H., Allen School, Milwau¬ kee 4 WYOMING ’♦Chambers, Margaret J., Lincoln School, Casper Dunlap, Mrs. Nona Udell, Willard School, Casper Geist, Alfred, Alta Vista School, Cheyenne Hofmeicr, Karl A., 125 W. Sixth St., Sheridan King, Dr Luella M , 615 S. Center, Casper Kuiper, Thomas E,, Supt. of Schools, Buffalo Lebhart, Lulu M , 500 W. 26th St., Cheyenne Long, Maude, Grant School, Casper Martin, Mrs. Mabel, Jefferson School, Green River McLaughlin, Eleanor, 1062 S. Elm St., Casper Moore, James H., Box 588, Riverton Robertson. Edith, Box 620, Green River Stinson, Adelle, Jefferson School, Casper Stouffcr, Paul R,, Supt. of Schools, Lander Thompson, E. M., Supt. of Schools, Rock Springs Walker, Laurence A , Box 454, Jackson Wright, C C.. Grade School, Frontier ALASKA Briggs, Charles, White Cliff School, Box 3041, Ketchikan Caldwell, C. C., Supt. of Schools, Anchorage fErickson, Everett R y Box 213, College Evans, B. Clarence, Box 531. Anchorage Fabricius, George J , Supt. of Schools, Wrangell Fernald. Sara J., Box 557, Sitka leise, William K., Territorial School, Bethel Montgomery, C. L., Box 2109, Ketchikan Pendleton, James N., Supt. of Schools, Wasilla CUBA Alonso, Dra Andrea, Cuba 20 altos, Caibarifn, Prov. Los Villas HAWAII Bohnenberg, Rebecca, Hilo Union School, Hilo Brandt, Mrs. Gladys A., Kapii a School, Kapaa, Kauai Brewer, Mrs. I.ela R,, Kameltameha Prepara¬ tory Dept., Bishop Hall, Honolulu 35 Carter, Mrs. Beatrice, Kapalama School, 1601 N. School St., Honolulu 51 Couch, Mary J., Kauluwela School, 310 N. School St., Honolulu 52 Eshelman, Carl, Hookena School, Kai Mallno Faulkner, Robert Mardis, 1227 Pensacola St., Honolulu 34 Fennell, Lillian K., Box 525, Waipahu, Oahu Griswold, C. J.. Aiea School, Box 246, Aiea Haia, William P., Hana School, Hana, Maui Hendry, Mrs. Eva, 1111 Victoria St., Honolulu 34 Hobby, Mrs. Eleanor C , Box 255, Elecle, Kauai Hugelen, Reinhart L,, Likelike School, 1618 . Palama St., Honolulu 7 Kamakaiwi, James C., Ross School, Box 88, Nmole Kanda, Stephen S.. Box 277, Wahiawa, Oahu Kellogg, Eleanor A., Ewa School. Ewa, Oahu Kuhlmann, Mrs. Lucile E., Kalaheo, Kauai Lecker, George T. t Ookala School, Ookala ■fLuiz, John C., Central School, Emma and Vineyard Sts., Honolulu 43 Marcallino, Mrs. Mina M„ Kekaha School, Kekaha, Kauai Morris, Dorothy C., University of Hawaii, Honolulu Riggs, Mrs. Mary E,, SpreckclsviUe, Maui Sheldon, Mrs. Louisa P,, Kapaa School, Kapaa, Kauai Soares, Anna, Lanakila School, Honolulu Spillner, Ernest, Elementary School, Hakalau 334 Stei (Hawaii} sigerwald, Arthur F., Kaunakakai School, kaunakakai Sutherland, Mark M„ Konawaena School, Kea- lakekua, Kona rakamune, Thomas, Mt. View School, Mt. View Thomas, Mrs Myrtle H., Kaiulani School, Honolulu 51 Webling G H , Box 2360 . Honolulu Twise, Cosmo Clyde, Wahiawa School, Wahi- awa, Oahu PUERTO RICO Castillo, Mrs Alida Irizarry, Box 164, Lajas Oianchini, Mrs Angela A , Box 87, Coamo «em andeZt Adolfo Jimenez, Association de Maestros de Puerto Rico, Apartado 1166 , San Juan 6 Rodriguez, Antonio, Jr , University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Rodriguez, Mrs. Marina F., 3 Palacios St , Santurce Saez, Antonia, 1427 Amenco Salas, Santurce 34 FOREIGN Canada Aitken, W^ E N , Normal School, Toronto •Brennan, F , 274 Moritz St, Arvida, Quebec Johns, Harold P , Dir , Summer School of tduc , Bank of Nova Scotia Bldg , Victoria, H C. ^ C n Ce V^ J:s Muriel, 701 Yates St., Victoria, c* tStafford. Harold D., Inspector of Schools, Courtenay. BC wheable. G A , Board of Educ., London, Ontario Philippine Islands Bernardino, Vitahano, Div. Supt of Schools,« Ajoac, MErindiKjuc Cangas, Roman, Mainit, Sungao T Florentino, Pres, Arellano Colleges, 598 Legarda St , Sampaloc, Manila Uamiao, Hilanon, Placer, Sungao ^Manila ^' enerosa> Centro Escolar University, J? 1 , Victoria no, Magdalena, Masbate umadag, Fehsberto, Mainxt, Surigao . Teofilo F , Corcuera, Romblon ciatpolintan, Rosendo, Dinagat, Sungao ■Mapalo, Ambrosio, Mainit, Sungao ' Melocoton, Nestono B , 916 Misericordia, Manila Mongaya, Jorge Pl acer , Sungao Pastonm Jos 6 , Masbate, Masbate Suay, Candida, Placer, Sungao Miscellaneous Henderson Norman K., Psychology Bldg , Um- iktf Queensland, Brisbane, Australia °° r . e - Victor ® . Escola Americana, Rua Gen- Brazil ^ Za ' 22 ^ Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, • W Oslo, Norway 040 Mens> Chmese Embassy ’ Harold A,, Supvr. of Elem. Educ., p anama Canal Zone Sweden 011 ’ Ester ’ Llnne g ata n 20 , Gothenburg, LIBRARIES AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS St Mnnto?m. of .^cation, 501 Dexter Ave , Montgomery 4, Ala tute Fris , se ^. Library, Tuskegee Insti¬ tute, Tuskegee Institute, Ala ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS L 'suF’ Adf° na State Teachers Co11 ^. Hag C p rt h W o2ft Anz.° 01 ’ G L - . *«. Library, Arkansas Teachers College, Conway, G ville a ! Art 1 ’"' Un,VerSlty of Akansa ^ Fayette- L t a i7a, Ark" AgriC - and Mech ‘ Colk se, Mag- Lincoln’ School Central Ave , Alameda r a l,f Professional^Library, 1414 Walnut St.BeS D "^y of' California Library, Berkeley 4 , Burbank Unified School District, Superintend ents Office, 245 E. Magnoha Aye .Burbank, Library, Chico State College, Chico Calif C “cT4U c 'U' h “ IS - 404 s - T °"“S ». B °Calif la ^ cko0 ^' *93° Broadway, El Cajon. El Cajon School, 750 E. Main, El Cajon Calif Fmmo l^&lif 66 L,brary ' Sch0Ql De P t -- Wtf 7, F A sno State Co i le e e . Fresno 4, Calif Teachers Library, Board of Education, 715 Locust Ave., Long Beach 2 , Calif. L,b / ar ‘ an . Mt - St Mary’s College, 12001 Chalon Rd , Los Angeles 24, Calif. Library and Textbook Section—Elementary, 1205 ^ji f PlC0 Blvd,, Room 208, Los Angeles 15, L, on a , r7 c Sr l d Textbook Section-High School, 201 Sentous Street Center 1205 W. Pico Blvd , Los Angeles 15, Calif. Library, University of California at Los An- tfa& Hilgard Ave , Los Angeles 24, Los Angeles Public Library, 530 S. Hope St, Los Angeles, Calif. Contra Costa County Free Library. Hall of Records, Room 119 , Martinez, Calif. B “ V Ranch School, Neil V. Bullion, Nuevo Calif. Oakland Public Library, 659 Nth St., Oakland 12. Calif. Teachers Professional Library, Admin. Bldg Room 201 , 1025 Second Ave., Oakland 6 Calif. Pasadena City Schools, Elem Cur. Coordinator, 351 So. Hudson Ave., Pasadena 4 , Calif CaUf" Unlveisity of Badlands, Redlands, California State Library, Sacramento 9 , Calif Reference Library, Admin. Bldg, 825 Union St., San Diego, Calif. Diego Teachers College, San Diego 5 Calif, ISUP-Y-OMIV-TOG-F 31 -JFZ, PTO, San Fran cisco Port of Embarkation, San Francisco Calif. Teachers Professional Library, 750 Eddy St San Francisco, Calif Professional Library, Santa Barbara City Schools 1232 De la Vina St, Santa Barbara, Calif University of California, Santa Barbara Li brary, Santa Barbara, Calif. Library, College of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif Curriculum Laboratory, P.O Box 851, Ven tura, Calif. Ventura County Free Library, Box 771, Ven tura, Calif. Library, Tulare County, Visalia, Calif Professional Library, Box 186, Boulder, Colo. Mary Reed Library, University of Denver, Denver 10, Colo. Library, Western State College of Colorado, Gunmson, Colo. list of members Board of Education, Professional Library, 249 High St, Hartford 5, Conn. Teachers College of Connecticut, New Britain, De < pt" n of Education Library, Yale University, New Haven, Conn Library, Wilson Teachers College, Washington Miner Teachers College, Washington l.D.C Public Library, 455 Pennsylvania Ave. N. W., Libfary^ m8 UnivMSity of Florida, Gainesville, p F {!; Yonge School, Room 317, Gainesville, Cushman School, Biscayne Blvd, and 60th Library, School Dist. 4, 107 W: Ross Ave , Library! University of Tampa, Tampa 6, Fla Library, Albany State College, Albany, Ga. University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga Fulton CountyTeachers Library, 345 Washing¬ ton St. S. W , Adanta, Ga Library, Georgia Teachers College, College- boro, Ga. . _ TT . ... Library, Emory University, Emory University, Ga. Tumor High School, Burley, Idaho Ricks College Library, Rexburg, Idaho Library, Eastern Illinois ^ State Teachers Col* lege. Charleston, Ill. Chicago Public Library, E.F. Young Room, 78 E. Washington St , Chicago 2, Ill. John Crerar Library, 86 E. Randolph St, Librarian?" Science Research Associates, 228 -S Wabash Ave , Chicago 4, 111. . , Library, National Congress of Parents and Teachers, 600 S Michigan Blvd., Chicago 5, Ill ft Northwestern University, The Joseph Shaffner Library, 339 E Chicago Ave . Chicago 11. Rand McNally and Co., Editorial Dept , 536 S. Clark St , Chicago 5, Ill University of Chicago Libraries, Harper M 2Z, Cent?a? e School, H. W. Hightower, Pnn., S. Fifth St , Effingham, Ill . Library, National College of Education, Evans- Central School, 156 School St, Libertyville, Rockland School. Rockland Rd, Libertyville, Western Illinois State Teachers College, Ma- Board b o’f Education, Washington School, May- Library,’ State Normal University Normal 111. Bradley Polytechnic Institute, Library, Bradley Hall, Peoria. Ill , ,, ... Illinois State Library, Springfield III. In-Service Professional Library, 128 N. County St , Waukegan, Ill. Library, Skokie School, Wipnetka, III University School Library, c/o Margaret Grif¬ fin, Bloomington, Ind. . e . Library, St Francis College, 2701 Spring St., Ft. Wayne 8, Ind. , . , „ Gary Public Library, Fifth Ave. and Adams St, Gary, Ind. . a Butler University Library, Indianapolis 7, ina Indiana State Library, 140 N. Senate Ave , Indianapolis 4, Ind. Library, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Library, Ball State Teachers College, Muncie, Ind library, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa [Institutional) 335 Professional Library, 1001 Harrison St, Daven¬ port, Iowa Dept of Pubhc Instruction, State Supt Jessie M Parker, Des Moines 19, Iowa Marshall School, Esther Helbig, Prin., Du¬ buque, Iowa Library, Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kans University of Kansas, Ext. Div,, Lawrence, Kans. Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. Johnson Camden Library, Morenead State Teach¬ ers College, Morehead, Ky. Library, Eastern Kentucky State Teachers Col¬ lege, Richmond, Ky Library. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 3, La. Materials Bureau, East Baton Rouge Schools, Room 201, Court House, Baton Rouge, La. Ft. Howard School, Isaac R. Foster, Prin., 3220 Cleveland Ave.. New Orleans 15, La. Johnson Lockett School, 3240 Law St., New Orleans 17, La. _ . Teachers Professional Library, 1835 Erato St., New Orleans 13, La Bangor Public Library, Bangor, Maine State Teachers College, Farmington, Marne Library, University of Maine, Orono, Maine _ Enoch Pratt Free Library, Cathedral St., Balti¬ more, Md. . , , Library, Johns Hopkins University, Charles and 34th Sts., Baltimore 18. Md. i Library, State Teachers College, Frostburg, Md Board of Education, Worcester County, Snow Hill, Md Library, State Teachers College, Towson, Md School Committee Office, Moore St, Belmont, D M C S Heath and Co , Trevor K. Serviss, 285 Columbus Ave., Boston 16, Mass. D. C Heath and Co , Publicity Dept., 285 Columbus Ave , Boston 16, Mass. Public Library. Milton E. Lord, Boston, Mass. Library, Boston College, University Heights, Chestnut Hill, Mass _ .._ Library, State Teachers College, Fitchburg, Massachusetts Elementary School Principals Assn , 125 N. Maple St., Florence, Mass State Teachers College Library, Lowell Mass. Library, State Teachers College, North Adams, Library? Smith College, Northampton. Mass. Hebrew Teachers College, 14 Crawford St., Library?"^State 'Teachers College, Salem Mass Library, State Teachers College, 486 Chandler St, Worcester, Mass. . General Library, University of Michigan, Ann Detroit ’Public Library, 5201 Woodard Ave., Library?^ Mary grove College, Detroit 21, Mich. Sisters of St. Francis, 8151 Rolyat Ave., Dc- Zimmerman ^School, Corunna Rd. at Downey Library? 1 'wL’tem Michigan College of Educa¬ tion, Kalamazoo 45, Mich Michigan State Library, Lansing 13, Mich. State Teachers College, Ekmid)i, Mmn Board of Education. 226 N. First Ave. -t.. Board' J of ? Educatipn Library. Rooms 1°2 103, Jackson Bldg., 13th Ave. S. and Fourth St.. Minneapolis, Minn. , Minneapolis Public Library, Hennepin Ave. and Tenth St. Minneapolis, Minn. Library? State Teacher* College, St. Cloud, St ^ Paul Public Library, Fourth gqd Washinf- ? ton Sts., St, Paul 2. Winn, 336 ( Institutional ) elementary school principals Library, State Teachers College, Winona, Minn Library, University of Mississippi, University, Miss. Library, Southeast Missouri State Teachers Col¬ lege, Cape Girardeau, Mo. Kansas CityPublic Libraiy, Kansas City, Mo Booker T. Washington School, 430 W. Adams Ave , Kirkwood, Mo. Lincoln School, 7917 Thomas Ave., Richmond Heights 17, Mo Elementary School Principals Association, c/o Teachers Library, 911 Locust St, St. Louis, Mo. Library. Harris Teachers College, 1517 S. Ther¬ esa Ave.. St. Louis 4, Mo Professional Library, 911 Locust St., St. Louis 1, Mo. St Louis Public Library, Olive, 13th and 14th Sts , St. Louis 3, Mo Stowe Teachers College Library, 2615 Pendleton, St. Louis 13, Mo. Research Dept., Board of Education, 16 Selma, Webster Groves 19, Mo Anaconda School Dist 10, Supt Fulton Gale, Anaconda, Mont. Library, Montana State Normal College, Dillon, Mont. Library, Montana State University, Missoula, Mont. Hastings College Library, Hastings, Nebr Dept, of Education, Nebraska .State Teachers College, Kearney, Nebr. Library, Nebraska State Teachers College, Kear¬ ney, Nebr. Union College Library, Lincoln, Nebr. University of Nebraska Libraries, Lincoln 8, Nebr. Library, Nebraska State Teachers College, Wayne, Nebr. State Board of Education, State House, Concord, N H. Keene Teachers College, Keene, N H Free Public Library, Ave. C and 31st St., Bay¬ onne, N.J. Chatham Public School 1, Chatham, N.J State Teachers College, 1. J. Savitz, Glassboro, N J. School 1, Attn. Mr. St. Thomas, Broadway. Hackensack, N.J School 3, Attn. Dr. Patterson, State St., Hack¬ ensack, N.J. School 6, Attn. Marie Hennes, Jackson Ave., Hackensack, N.J \ Seton Hall College Library, 3044 Hudson Blvd , Jersey City, N.J. Martinsville School, Washington Valley Rd., Martinsville, N.J Board of Education, 22 Valley Rd., Montclair, N J. Library, Board of Education, 31 Green St, Newark 2 N.J. Newark Public Library, 5 Washington St., New¬ ark 2, N.J. Seton Hall College Library, 40 Clinton St., Newark 2, NJ. Library, State Teachers College, Paterson, NJ. Ramsey Grammar School, Ramsey, N J Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquer¬ que, N.Mex. Rodgers Library, _ University School, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, N Mex New Mexico State Teachers College, Training School, Silver City, N Mex. State Teachers College, Brockport, N.Y Bureau of Libraries, Room 210, 110 Livingston St., Brooklyn 2, Nri'. Junior High School 210, Rochester Ave. and Park PI., Brooklyn 13, N.Y. L'brary.i St John's University, 73 lewis Ave., Buffalo Public library, Buffalo 3, N.Y. Mt. St. Joseph Teachers College Library, Agas- si 2 Circle, Buffalo 14, NY. 7 8 Library, St Lawrence University, Canton, N.Y. State Teachers College, Fredoma, N Y State Teachers College, Geneseo 6, IN i. Office of Asst Supt,, School 82, l4Jth St. and 88th Ave., Jamaica 2, N Y. Queens Borough Public Library, 89-14 Parsons Blvd., Jamaica 2, NY, C G U S.F.A., (TOG-Z2-Attn Educ. Div 1 APO 777, c/o Postmaster, New York NY C.G.U.S.F.E.T., (TOG-Y81-JFZ) APO 751, c/o Postmaster, New York, N.Y. Education Research Committee, G,‘ L. Mever £0 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N Y. Library, Jewish Educ. Committee of New York Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, N Y. Library, New York University, Washington Square, New York 3, N.Y Office of Asst. Supt., School 92, 179th St. and Clinton Ave., New York 57, N Y. Admin Bldg., Room 33, Mr Ambellan, 607 Walnut St, Niagara Falls, NY Library, State Teachers College, Oneonta, N Y. Library, State Teachers College, Oswego, N.Y. Librarj;, State Teachers College, Plattsbutg, Main Library. State Teachers College, Potsdam, N.Y. Rochester Public Library, 115 South Ave, Rochester 4, N.Y. Women's College Library, University of Roch¬ ester, Rochester, N.Y. Roslyn High School, Attn. George E. Bryant, Roslyn Heights, NY Professional Library, 108 Union St, Schenectady 5. N.Y. St. George Branch, New York Public Library, 14 Bay St., Staten Island 1, N Y. Library, Syracuse University, Syracuse 10, N Y. McKinley School, 141 W Newell St , Syracuse, N.Y. Superintendent, Eastchcster High School, Tuck- ahoe 7. N.Y. New York School for the Deaf, 555 Knollwood Rd., White Plains, N Y World Book Company, Attn. H O. Field, 313 Park Hill Ave., Yonkers 5, N Y library, Appalachian State Teachers College, Boone, N C. North Carolina College for Negroes, Library, Durham, N.C. Library, East Carolina Teachers College, Green¬ ville, N C Library, Winston-Salem Teachers College, Winston-Salem, N C. Salem College Library, Winston-Salem, N C Library, State Teachers College, Minot, N Dak. Professional Library, 70 N. Broadway, Akron 8, Ohio Chubb Library, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio Library, Balawin-Wallace College, Berea, Ohio Public Library of Cincinnati, Vine St , Cincin¬ nati, Ohio Teachers College, Athenaeum of Ohio, 28 Cal¬ houn St . Cincinnati 19, Ohio Xavier University Library, Evanston Sta , Cin¬ cinnati 7, Ohio Board of Education, 1380 E Sixth St., Room 306, Cleveland, Ohio Sisters College of Cleveland, 1027 Superior Ave N.E., Cleveland 14, Ohio Library, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Headquarters Library, Board of Education, 1470 Warren Rd., Lakewood 7, Ohio Central Junior High School, 116 W. Church St, Newark, Ohio Library, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, Ohio list of members Toledo Public library, 325 Michigan St, To¬ ledo 2, Ohio Antioch College Library, Yellow Springs, Ohio Board of Education, Graduate Study Center, 400 N. Walnut, Oklahoma City 4, Olda Library, Southern Oregon College of Educa¬ tion, Ashland, Oreg. Library, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. Library, Oregon College of Education, Mon¬ mouth, Oreg. Curriculum Library, School Dist. 1, 631 N E. Clackamas, Portland 8, Oreg. Guidance Center, 220 N E Beech St., Portland 12, Oreg. Library Association of Portland, 801 S W Tenth Ave., Portland 5, Oreg. Oregon State Library, Supreme Court Bldg , Salem, Oreg. School District 33, Vanport City 17, Oreg Easttown Township School District, First and Bridge Aves , Berwyn, Pa Superintendent’s Office, Junior High School, Bradford, Pa. Carlisle High School Library, Graham St., Carlisle, Pa. Library, State Teachers College, Clarion, Pa Library, State Teachers College, East Strouds¬ burg, Pa. Erie Public Library, Erie, Pa Library, State Teachers College, Indiana, Pa. Buckneil University Library, Lewisburg, Pa. Library, State Teachers College, Lock Haven, Pa. Mifflinburg High School, c/o Prof. M W Earl Thomas, Mifflinburg, Pa. Allegheny County Schools, 345 County Office Bldg., Pittsburgh 19. Pa. Library, 160 Admin Bldg., Pittsburgh 13, Pa Library, State Teachers College, Shippensburg, Pa. Library, 'State Teachers College, Slippery Rock, Pa. Library, State Teachers College, West Chester, Pa. School District of Spring Township, Box 126, West Lawn, Pa. Library, Brown University, Providence, RI. Professional Library, School, Dept., 20 Sum¬ mer St., Providence, R.I. Providence Public Library, 229 Washington St., Providence, RI , , _ _ Principal, Elementary School, Walterboro, S.C. Maury County Circulating Library, Columbia, Tenn. ,, _ , Library, East Tennessee State College, Johnson City, Tenn. * Davidson County School Library, 509 Court House, Nashville 3, Tenn. Elliott Library, 700 Broad St., Nashville 3, Tenn , , — , Library, George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville 4, Tenn Extension Teaching Centers Dept., Room 303, University of Texas. Austin 12, Texas Library, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Bonham Public Schools, J B. Golden, Supt., Bonham, Texas „ _ „ Library,* West Texas State Teachers College, Canyon, Texas . , Southern Methodist University, Fondren Library, Dallas, Texas m ... _ Texas State College for Women, Library, Box 3715, Denton, Texas Library, College of Mines and Metallurgy, El Paso, Texas Public Library. Ft. Worth, Texas Colored Branch, Houston Public Library, Hous¬ ton, Texas __ _ Library, University of Houston, Houston, Texas Library, Texas College of Arts and Industries, Kingsville, Texas ([Institutional ) 337 Public Library, San Antonio, Texas Library, Temple Junior College, Temple, Texas Cache County School District, 179 1 N. Main St., Logan, Utah Library, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah Granite School District, 3212 S State St, Salt Lake City 5, Utah Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Superintendent of Public Instruction, 221 Capitol Bldg , Salt Lake City, Utah State Normal School, Johnson, Vt -Rutland Public Schools, Box 48, Rutland, Vt Hampton Institute, School of Education, Hamp¬ ton, Va. Library, State Teachers College, Radford, Va. Library, Western Washington College of Edu¬ cation, Bellingham, Wash Roeder School, Dupont and Eye Sts., Belling¬ ham, Wash. _ Hargreaves Library, Eastern Washington College or Education, Cheney, Wash. Library, Central Washington College of Edu¬ cation, Ellensburg, Wash. Lind Consolidated Schools, Lind, Wash. Omak Public Schools, Dist. 19, Omak, Wash. Library, State College of Washington, Pullman, Wash Renton Elementary Schools, Box 359, Renton, Wash. EVIL-Y-QMIV-TOG-F31-JFZ, PTO, Seattle Poit of Embarkation. Seattle, Wash. School of Education, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Wash. Seattle Public Library, Seattle 4, Wash Library, Holy Names College, Spokane 11, ^Pash. Spokane Public Library, Spokane, Wash Garfield School. Toppenish, Wash. Lieser Road School, Vancouver, Wash Library, Blucfield State College, Bluefield, W. Va Library, State Teachers College, Fairmont, W. Va. State Teachers College Glenville, W Va. Library, Shepherd State Teachers College, Shep- herdstown, W.Va ... w Curriculum Dept., Board of Education, 351 W. Wilson St.. Madison 3.W is. . Library, University of Wisconsin, Madison o, Wis State Department of Public Instruction. State Capitol, Room 147 North Wing, Madison 2, Wis Library, State Teachers College, Milwaukee, Milwaukee Public Library, 814 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Library, State Teachers College, Platteville, Wis. Racine Public Library, Racine, Wis.. State Teachers College,, Stevens Point, Wis. Board of Education, George M. O Brien, Supt., Library^'slate Teachers College, Whitewater, U S. Information Library, American Embassy, Brussels, Belgium . , Creston Valley United Schools, Elementary School, Creston, B.C., Canada Provincial Normal School, I. B Rouse, Pnn,, Fredericton, N.B., Canada , Bancroft, School, 4563 St. Urbam St., Montreal 14, Que., Canada . , The Principal, Imperial School, Regma, Sask., Canada , The Principal, Lakeview School, Regina, Sask., Canada , , , r Library, University of British Columbia, Van¬ couver, B.C., Canada 338 ( Institutional ) C Q°na Un ' VerSlty ’ T ‘ ng Waanfi Ka1 ’ Canton, National Central Library, Cheng Hsien Chieh, Nanking, China p Fu,en University, Ting-Fu-Ta-Chieh, West City Peiping, China Aurora University, Ave, Dubail, Shanghai. China Kwang Hua University, 221 Au-Yang Rd., Hong- kew, Shanghai, China s Ta Hsu University, Chang Shan, North Rd shanghai, China US Information Library, Attn. Joran Birke- mark Amencan Le S atl0n . Copenhagen, Den- M Egy tr t ° f Educatl0n> M «sions Dept, Cairo, An “ nt “ L = s “"’ L '&i fc„ Km8 ** p "“ hk ‘“‘ a-. elementary school principals T ,P“RouS’ Al "'“™ E “b*“y. o;io.”fc'r ““»■ A “™*» a**. i B *S , .°te ,M *S 8h “»»'• *« >w. s.» So s>« j-., L,b « r f“. D Un ion Education Dept Dr F irl^Vr’ Pretorla > South Africa P E a "'"™ Press Section, American Legation, Bern, Sw.tzer- U Llt'V'X p Se 7 iC / e> n American Embassy, Desk h«!i S nm R p C/ ? F r 0re ‘8 n Swice Mall DC) Department of State, Washington, State Associations of Elementary School Principals I N THE following roster the symbol (1) is used to indicate the person reported as president and (2) is used to indicate the secretary. ALABAMA —Department of Elementary School Principals, (l) R. L. Booker, Rus¬ sell School, Mobile. (2) Mrs. Aurita D. Lyter, Eight Mile ARIZONA— Principals’ Department of Ari¬ zona Education Association (1 ) Edwon I. Riggs, Creighton School, Phoenix. (2) Arden Staples, Longview School, Phoenix ARKANSAS— Department of Elementary School Principals. (1) Thomas Lee, Pea¬ body School, Fort Smith (2) Mrs W F. Deloach, Marianna CALIFORNIA— Elementary School Princi¬ pals’ Association, (l) Dana S. Frame, Bret Harte School, Sacramento. (2) Mrs. Kathleen H. Stevens, 52 66 Village Green, Los An¬ geles 16 COLORADO— Association of Elementary School Principals, (1) Robert Davis, 1911 N Corona St., Colorado Springs (2) Hilda Bessee, 337 Gunnison Ave , Grand Junction CONNECTICUT-— Elementary School Prin¬ cipals’ Association. (1) Caroline C Jour- dan, Ivy School, New Haven (2) Laura B. Huenerberg, 889 Howard Ave , Bndgepoit 5 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA— ElemeniauY Principals’ Association, (l) Margaret K. Patterson, 1673 Columbia Rd , Washington. (2) Mrs Maud F, Roby, 4503 Oliver St., Riverdale, Md. Divisions 10-13. (1) Mrs. Ruth Savoy, Briggs-Montgomery School, Washington 7. (2) Mrs. Rosa Jones, Giddings School, Wash¬ ington 3 FLORIDA— Department of Elementary School Principals (l) G. F Wilson, Yboc School, Tampa, (2) Lucille Ingram, Orange Grove Elementary School, Tampa GEORGIA— Department of Elementary School Principals. (1) Mrs. Rose B. Whit¬ worth, Clark Howell School, Atlanta (2) Mrs Annie Johnson, Peeples Street School, Atlanta. ILLINOIS— Elementary School Principals’ Association. (1) J. Lewis Winegarner, 6611 W. 31st St, Berwyn. (2) W. C. Butler, Jefferson School, Charleston INDIANA— Association of Elementary School Principals, (l) Mrs Henrietta W. Hudson, School No. 73, Indianapolis (2) M. B. Stump, School No. 46, Indianapolis IOWA— Department of Elementary School, Principals, (l) W. C. Yeager, 4820 4th Aye, Sioux City. (2) Fern Hayes, 766 Warden Apts., Ft. Dodge KANSAS— Association of Elementary School Principals. (1) Joe Burke, 2718 Lee Court, Topeka (2) C. P. Wetlaufer, 2703 Indiana Ave., Topeka LOUISIANA— Elementary Principals’ De¬ partment, (1) L. P. Resweber, Bastrop Cen¬ tral School, Bastrop. (2) J. Arthur White, Dibeit School, New Orleans MAINE— Elementary Principals’ Associa- tkdn. ( 1 ) Edith Harmon, Lincoln School, South Portland. (2) Mrs. Helen Brackett, 24 Federal St., Brunswick MARYLAND— Elementary Principals’ Asso¬ ciation. (l) Mrs Anna P Rose, Chevy Chase Elementary School Chevy Chase. (2) Edward Gursek, School #2, Baltimore MASSACHUSETTS— Elementary School Principals’ Association, (l) William H. McLin, loseph Finberg School, Attleboro. (2) Locke School, Arlington MICHIGAN—Department of Elementary School Principals, (l) Sherman Cross Du- Bois School, Detroit. (2) Mrs Ida McGuire, Sugnet School, Midland MINNESOTA— Elementary Principals’ As¬ sociation (I) George L. Berry, 645 Asbury St., St Paul. (2) Mildred K. Loughrea, 1335 Grand Ave., St Paul MISSISSIPPI— Department of Elementary School Principals, (l) Anne Griffin, Clay Street School, Vicksburg. (2) Patsy Hathorn, 2000 Idlewild, Jackson MISSOURI— Department of Elementary School Principals (1) J. Raymond Bills, Moreau Heights School, Jefferson City. (2) Wayne T. Snyder, Jefferson School, Kansas City NEBRASKA— Department of Elementary School Principals, (l) Florence Rainforth, Longfellow School, Hastings (2) Gladys M. Wilson, Dodge School, Grand Island NEW HAMPSHIRE— Department of Eie- mentary School Principals, (l) Elsa Thunberg, 33 Highland St., Portsmouth (2) Margaret I Simpson, 407 Middle St, Ports¬ mouth NEW JERSEY— Elementary Principals' As¬ sociation. (1) Mrs. Eleanor C. Yeager, Park Avenue School, Pleasantville. (2) Barbara Wolf, Jefferson School, Bergenfield NEW MEXICO— Elementary Principals' Association. (1) Richard Mock. 413 S Dart¬ mouth, Albuquerque. (2) Harold Goff, 3212 Monterey Drive, Albuquerque New York.—Association of Elementary School Principals. (1) R. DeWjtt Morrison, Roosevelt School, Port Chester. (2) Charles W. Joyce, 719-721 Sibley Tower Bldg , Rochester 4 NORTH CAROLINA— Department of Ele¬ mentary School Principals, (l) T. L. Looper, Gastonia Jr. High School, Gastonia. (2) Kate A. McIntyre, Central School, Laurin- burg NORTH CAROLINA— Negro Department of Elementary School Principals, (i) J. W. Eaton, Lucille Hunter School, Raleigh, (2) [339 ] 340 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Mrs Mytrolene Graye Fairview School, High Point OHIO— Department of Elementary School Principals (1) John H. Smith, 3847 Drake- wood Drive, Cincinnati. (2) Dorothy L, Weagly, 2931 Neil Ave , Columbus OKLAHOMA— Department of Elementary School Principals, (l) Harvey Mullinax, Westwood Elem. School, Oklahoma City 8. (2) Alta Thomas, Wilson Elem. School, Oklahoma City 3 OREGON —Elementary Principals' Associa¬ tion, (1) Melvin F Moore, Edison School, Eugene. (2) Mrs. Charlene Edwards, Philo¬ math PENNSYLVANIA— Elementary School Prin¬ cipals' Association. (1) James L. Beighle, Penn Valley, Narbeth (2) Robert M Means, 234 Fairlamb Ave., Havertown RHODE ISLAND— Elementary Principals' Association. (1) Catherine E. Hanley, Han¬ ley Court, Pascoag. (2) Theresa V. McKenna, 528 Academy Ave., Providence SOUTH CAROLINA— Elementary Principals’ Association, (1) T. H. Ulmer, Thornwell Elementary School, Hartsville SOUTH DAKOTA— Elementary School Prin¬ cipals' and Supervisors' Association, (l) Maud Johnston, 414 11th Ave , S.E., Aber¬ deen. (2) Ardath Van Tassell, Mitchell TENNESSEE —Elementary Principals' Ssr. M 0I k r 1 - Chenault, Warner School! Nashville. (2) Iva Simc Una School, David¬ son County TEXAS— Elementary Principals’ and Super¬ visors’ Association (l) Roy H. Rowland, Goose Creek Public Schools, Goose Creek (2) Gladys Simons, Rt. 6, Box 542, Fort Worth UTAH— Elementary Principals’ Association. (1) Leon F Christiansen, Tremonton (2) Ronald Leonard, Bear River City VIRGINIA— Elementary Principals’ Associa. tion. (1) Mrs. Pauline C. Gorham, Jeffer¬ son School, Alexandria. (2) Harriet L Simpson, West End School, Roanoke WASHINGTON— Division of Elementary School Principals, (l) Wilbur Darnel John Hay School, Seattle (2) J E. Zylstra! Elementary Schools, Marysville WEST VIRGINIA— Elementary School Prin¬ cipals' Association, (l) James Moler 401 S. George St , Charles Town. (2) Cecil Gates, Second Ward School, Morgantown WISCONSIN— Elementary School Princi¬ pals’ Association, (l) Edna Mumm, 911 Emerson St , Beloit. (2) Mrs. Ethel Speer- schneider, 727 S. Jackson St, Green Bay WYOMING— Elementary Principals’ Club. (1) Karl A. Hofmeier, 125 W. 6th, Monarch. (2) Lulu Lebhart, 500 W. 26th St, Cheyenne Sectional Associations of Elementary School Principals HESE include organizations in i lar divisions of the states In (1) is used to indicate the person used to indicate the secretary. ALABAMA— Blount County Elementary Principals’ Association. (1) C. B Phil¬ lips, Rt. 1, Trafford. (2) C. B Warren, Oneonta ARIZONA— Salt River Valley Elementary School Principals' Association. (1) W. L Longan, Alma School, Mesa (2) T. V. Pyle, Buckeye School, Buckeye CALIFORNIA— Elementary School Princi¬ pals’ Association. Bay Section. (1) Robert N. Rushforth, Cragmont School, Berkeley 8. (2) Raymond J. Fisher, 314 Saratoga, Los Gatos Cbntral Section. (1) Rulon P Keetch, Standard School, Oildale. (2) Glenn Jacobsen, Mt. View School, Bakersfield Central Coast Section. (1) Carl Lund- berg, 360 Santa Maria St, Salinas. (2) Vir¬ ginia Rocca, Alisal School, Salinas North Coast Section (l) Robert H Madsen, Korbel, Humboldt County (2) Neva Cannon, Fort Bragg, Mendocino County Northern Section. (1) John H. Palmer, 415 Seventh St., Marysville. (2) Richard Corbin, Redding Southern Section. (1) Louis Cook, Jr, :ounties, districts, zones and simi- the following roster the symbol reported as president and (2) is 257 Coronado Ave , Long Beach 3 (2) Mar¬ cella L. Richards, 1701 S. 8th St , Alhambra Contra Costa County Principals' Asso- CIATION. (1) Thomas Evans, Concord. (2) James Keeler, Port Chicago Monterey County Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Association (i) S. Cedric Jasper, 70 Via Ventura, Monterey (2) M T Joseph, 880 A Ocean Ave , Monterey Orange County Elementary School Principals’ Association, (l) Paul G. Jung- keT, Box 66, Olive San Bernardino County Elementary Principals’ Association, (l) Dean Carlton, 624 Monterey, Redlands. (2) Mary Peters, 952 N. Fourth Ave , Upland Santa Cruz County Principals’ Associa¬ tion. (1) Mrs Eleanor Fortes, Box 307, Capitola. (2) Mrs Eva Bulich, Box 157. Aptos Sonoma County Elementary Principals Association. (1) Mrs. Linda Jobe, 1132 Slatis St., Santa Rosa. (2) Carl J. Penn, 1119 Morgan St, Santa Rosa Tulare County Elementary Principals Association, (l) Jay L, Bessey, Box W, SECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS Strathmore. (2) F, Ewing Bone, Rt. 1, Box 16, Lindsay COLORADO— Association of Elementary School Principals. Southern Division. (1) Donald Crowder, Lowell School, Colorado Springs. (2) Vic¬ toria Cnstiano, Strack School, Pueblo FLORIDA— Pinellas County Elementary Principals’ Association. (1) Margaret Stme, Lakeview School, St Petersburg. (2) Mabei Kelso, Roser Park School, St. Petersburg Santa Rosa County Principals' Associa¬ tion. (1) A. L. Gillman, Rt. 2, Milton. (2) A. D. McCall, Rt. 3, Milton GEORGIA— Elementary School Principals' Association. First District. (1) Reginald W, Thomp¬ son, Wesley. (2) Mrs. Neva Williamson, Soperton Second District. (1) Harold E Mufree, Rt. 1, Hartsfield. (2) Mrs. E W Gordon, Reedy Creek School, 119 2nd Ave , S.W. Moultrie Third District. (1 ) Mack Turner, Edge- wood School. Columbus. Fourth District. (1) Mrs. Dessa F. Henderson, College Street School, Carrollton. (2) Mrs J. H McGiboney, Tallapoosa School, Carrollton Fifth District (1) Mrs. Mary H Free¬ man, Avondale Estates. (2) Mrs. Margaret Brown, E. P Howell School, Atlanta Sixth District, (l) Mary Simpson, 501 West Green St, MiUedgeville. (2) Mrs. P. M. Bevins, Vinson Heights, Milledgeville Seventh District, (l) Ethel Simmons, Tnon City School, Tnon (2) Lillie Paynes, Cedartown Eighth District, (l) Mrs Clyde Carpen¬ ter, Jessup. (2) Pauline Culbreth, Waycross merce (2) Louise McKinney, Kabun uap Tenth District. (1) A. D. Gaskin, Wil¬ liam Robinson School. Augusta. Fulton County Principals' Club, (l) E P. Mcllwain, 1890 Bankhead Ave , At¬ lanta (2) Pauline Cash, Harris Street School, East Point Richmond County Principals Council, (1) A. D. Gaskin. 1118 Murphy St, Augusta. (2) Alcanda Tarver, 1015 Russell St , Augusta Treutlen County Principals’ Associa¬ tion. (1) Mrs. Neva Williamson, Soperton. (2) Mrs. Johnie Moring, Soperton IOWA— Elementary Principals’ of South¬ east Iowa (1) Rheda Coates, 1755 Dill St , Burlington. (2) Merle Wilson, Agassiz School, Ottumwa LOUISIANA— Caddo Parish School Admin¬ istrators’ Club. (1) Mrs Alice Edwards, Jewella School, Shreveport MARYLAND— Allegheny County Elemen¬ tary Principals’ Association. (1) Sara Wright, 313 Greene St, Cumberland (2) Grace Filer, Frostburg Montgomery County Elementary Prin- cipals’ Association. (1) Mrs. Elsie D Bos¬ ley, Lynnbrook School, Bethesda. (2) Mrs. Grace Howes, Rockville Prince George’s County Elementary Principals’ Association, (l) Mary R. Schultz, 1327 16 th St.. N.W , Washington, D.C., (2) Mildred Hickman, Seat Pleasant MASSACHUSETTS— Elementary School Principals’ Association . District 10. (1) K. Merton Bozian, Frost School, Westford, (2) Agnes H. Hedberg, Winslow School, Norwood North Shore Elementary School Prin- cipais’ Group (1) J Henry Higgins, 162 Lowell St., Peabody. (2) Ruth Simmons, 66 Essex St, Beverly MISSOURI —Pemiscot County Elementary Principals Association, (l) James Cassidy, Cooler (2) Nota Gnastead, Deering St. Louis County, (l) Owen Thompson, Central School, Weliston. (2) Ruby Taylor, Buder School, Home Heights NEW JERSEY— Atlantic County Associa- tion of Public School Administrators and Supervisors, (ll Mabel C Castle, Madi¬ son Ave. School, Atlantic City. (2> Ross H. Sullivan, Leeds Ave. School, Pleasant- ville Bergen County Elementary Principals’ Association. (1) Jessie F. George, 623 Lin¬ coln Blvd., Westwood. (2) Michael Gioia, Hasbrouck Heights Cumberland County Principals’ Asso¬ ciation. (1) Mrs. Harry McCornston, 215 Pine St , Millville NEW MEXICO— Dona Ana County Prin- pals’ Association, (l) Waldo Depinbrink, Garfield. (2) Mrs. Dorothy Narrance, An¬ thony NEW YORK— Elembntary School Princi¬ pals* Association. Central Zone. (1) Vernon L. Lee, North School, Herkimer Nassau County Elementary School Principals’ Association, (l) Lillian Y. Weatherlow, Brookville, Glen Head. (2) Dr Roland M Chatterton, Merrick Rockland County Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Association. (1) Kenneth Souva, Lakeside School, Spring Valley. (2) Eliza¬ beth Hoehn, Pearl River OHIO— Department of Elementary School Principals. Northwestern District. (1) Milo Trceee, Fostoria _ Southeastern District, (l) DeWitt Terry, Jasper .... _ Southwestern District. (1) Harry E. O’Neal Columbian School, Cincinnati. (2) D. E Eventt, Dale Park, Mariemont Elementary Principals of Suburban Cleveland. (1) Helen Ullum, 11709 Lake Ave., Lakewood. (2) Anna L. Overturf, 3107 Brookcale, Cleveland , OREGON—Elementary School Principals Association. , v _ . v Central Region, (l) Eugene L. Knott, Kent. (2) Ivan Luman Madras Eastern Region. (1) Walter McPartland, Nyssa. (2) Floyd McLinn La Grande Southern Region. (1) Cecil L. Roberts, Riverside School* Grants Pass* (2) Joe Fader, Washington School, Ashland Washington County Elementary Prin¬ cipals' Association. (1) Errol Hassell, Tig¬ ard PENNSYLVANIA _ „ Suburban Philadelphia Elembntary Principals’ Association, (l) James L. Beighle, Bryn Mawx School. Bryn Mawr ( 2 ) J, O. Carson, McKinley School, Abrng- TENNESSEE— East Tennesseb Elementary Principals’ Section (1) Roy B,_ Terry, 306 Clifton Hills, Chattanooga 7. (2) Ruth ^Middle 1 * Tennessee Elementary Princi¬ pals' Association. (1) Mrs Frances Patter- son, Donelson. (2) Roberta Smdle, Gallatin Putnam County Elementary Principals Association. (1) Grady Nicbrib, B*- 5. Cookeville. (2). Mrs. Lora Huddleston, TEXAS—3^LEM ENTARY 5 PRINHPA! s’ AND SUPER¬ VISORS’ Association. 342 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS District 1. (1) Gerald Tones, Lubbock School, Houston (2) Mrs. G. N Polk, 623 West Fourth Street, Freeport District 2 (1) Hazel McConoehey, 1642 W. Craig Pl„ San Antomo 1. (2) J. Marshall Butz, Box 337A, Rt. 2, San Antonio 1 District 3. (l) C. T Blasmgame, 2825 Austin St , Corpus Christi District 4. (1) Mrs. Reuby S Rhodes, McWhorter School, Lubbock. (2) Mrs. Guy L Trow, 2010 25th St , Lubbock District 5. (1) Mrs. W. M Crabtree, Austin School, Grand Prairie. (2) Grady L Coates, Terrell District 8. (1) Percy Burk, Gaston School, Joinerville. (2) Mrs. Vera Covington, Rural Supervisor, Center . , District 9. (1) Robert H. Birchfield, San Jacinto School, Amarillo (2) Mrs. Madge warren, Childress District 10. (1) Mrs. J M Wilson, Marlin. (2) Sarah Holman, Corsicana Tri-County Principals' and Supervisors' Association, (1) J. L. Gibbons, Elementary School, Gladewater. (2) Elizabeth Huback, Kilgore Ind School, Kilgore UTAH— Alpine School District Elementary Principals' Association, (l) Ray S. Merrill, Pleasant Grove. (2) Marvin Allen, RD., Provo Granite District Elementary Principals’ Club (1) Raymond B Wngley, 2149 Green St, Salt Lake City 4, (2) Clark Frei, 875 Sherman Ave., Salt Lake City VIRGINIA— District J Branch, Department op Elementary Principals. (1) John T Webner, Gordonsville. (2) Mrs T C. John son, 705 Evergreen Ave , Charlottesville Fairfax County Elementary Principals Association. (1) Rebecca Owen, Lorton (2) Mis. Sylvia Allen, Woodbndge Norfolk County Elementary Princi pals' Association. (1) Miss M, R Kiracoff 1800 Cedar St., Norfolk 2 (2) Garfield Shafer Jr , 203 Carney St., Portsmouth Pittsylvania County Elementary Prin¬ cipals’ Association, (l) Mildred Lee Slay¬ ton, 721 N. Mam St , Danville. (2) Ethel Martin, Martinsville Rd , Danville Roanoke County Elementary Prin cipals' Association. (1) Mrs, May C. Dun can, 1406 Rugby Blvd., Roanoke. (2) Mrs Eleanor Garrett, 136 Taylor Ave., Salem WEST VIRGINIA— Elementary Principals Association. Barbour County. (1) Bretsel^ Harris, Bel ington, (2) Mrs. Fern Melie, Philippi Berkeley County (1) Granville Shirley ; Bunker Hill. (2) Lee Siler, Martinsburg Boone County. (1) L L Jeffrey, Jeffrey Braxton County. (1) Vaughn H. Duf- field, Gassaway. (2) Janie Marple, Flatwoods Brooke County. (1) F, H. Barnhart, 1037 Virginia Ave , Follansbee (2) Luta Gordan, Bethany Cabell County. (1) Genevieve Forsythe, 234 9th Ave , Huntington. (2) Mrs. Bernice Sullivan, 715-4th St , West Huntington Calhoun County. (1) Paul B. Powell, Grantsville. (2) Mrs, A E. Weaver, Grants- ville Clay County. (1) Sylvester Mullins, Box 184, Clay. (2) Madeline Shelton, Clay Doddridcb County. (1) Fred Freeman, Morgansville. (2) Gertrude Smith, Salem Fayette County. ( 1 ) Cecil L. Thompson, Montgomery. (2) R. E. Cavendish, Oak Hill Gilmer County, (l) Clyde Strader, Tan¬ ner (2) Pearl Pickens, Glenville Grant County, '(1) C. D Sions, Peters¬ burg. (2) Merlin Reel, Maysville Greenbrier County. ( 1 ) Margaret Harrah Crawley (2) Howard S Scott, Ronceverte Hampshire County. (1) Edgar T Scan Ion, Levels. (2) S.W. Judy Romney Hancock County, (l) Mary Sutton, RD Weirton. (2) Mrs. Grace Ralston, Cove School, Holliday s Cove Hardy County, (l) Ira Combs, Need- more. (2) Ernest Strawderman, Lost City Harrison County. ( 1 ) Cecil H. Wagner McWhorter. (2) Frances Hanlan, Clarksburg Jackson County. ( 1 ) Willard Kessel Evans. (2) O. P. Davis, Ripley Jefferson County. (1) Mrs. Elsie Trail Charles Town. (2) Ethel Henkle, Halltowii Kanawha County, (l) Milan D Howard, 6517 Roosevelt Ave , Charleston (2) Mrs Emelyn M Myers, 708 Mam St., Charleston Lewis County. (1) Herbert Peterson, Rt 1, Weston. (2) Mrs, March Linger Butcher Weston Lincoln County ( 1 ) Ebb Cummings, Sias. (2) Mrs. Natala Adkins, Porter Fork School, Yawkey Logan County, (l) Mrs Beuna White, Logan. (2) Amy Ecols, Monclo Marion County. (1) F. Walter Cox, 1024 Fennimore St., Fairmont. (2) Larney Gump, Barracksville Marshall County. (1) Thomas E. Welch, 10 1 2 Logan St , McMechen (2) Dorothy Dean, McMechen. Mason County. (1) Milton Burdette, Lecn (2) Sarah Roush, New Haven McDowell County, (l) W. H Morgan, Raysal (2) Goldia O'Neal, Welch Mercer County. (1) William Hatcher, Bluefield. (2) Clinton D. Lilly, Bluefield Mineral County. ( 1 ) M. M Heiskell, 11 Carpenter Ave., Ridgeley, (2) Stewart M Payne, Piedmont Mingo County. (1) Stuart Gose, Mate- wan. ( 2 ) Stella Presley, North Matewan Monongalia County, (l) Mrs Isabel Glover, 160 Fayette St, Morgantown. (2) Ava E. Hall, Stewartstown Rd., Morgantown Monroe County. ( 1 ) H. M. Harvey, Union. ( 2 ) Mrs. Ethelene Cook, Gap Mills Morgan County, (l) A. G Davison, Berkeley Springs ( 2 ) Mrs. Lottie O Cupp, Berkeley Springs Nicholas County, (1) Harry Straley, Richwood. (2) Mrs. Byrna Cavendish, Tipton Ohio County (1) D, A Hile, 888 Na¬ tional Rd., Wheeling. (2) Lydia Clemens, 42 East Cross St , Elm Grove Pendleton County. (X) O. R. Mallow, Upper Tract. (2) O. R Hammer, Franklin Pleasants County. (1) Oran B. Barren, St. Marys (2) Edgar E. Simonton, Belmont Pocahontas County. (1) J. Z Johnson, Marlinton. (2) Pearl Carter, Marlmton Preston County, (l) Summers McCmrn, Jr, Kingwood. (2) Paul E. Jenkins, Al¬ bright Putnam County._ (l) Roy McClananan, Poca. (2) Estil Lewis, Eleanor Raleigh County, (l) Norval R. Cooke, 209 Orchard Ave, Beckley (2) Bess N, Head, Slab Folk Randolph County, (1) E L. Irons, 24 Pleasant Ave., Elkins (2) Mrs. Clara Manning, 316 2nd St, Elkins Ritchie County. (1) Kenneth Cottnll, Macfarlan. (2) Hosea Prather, Smithville Roane County. (1) Elizabeth Rhodes, Spencer Summers County. (1) Minnie Cox, Hin¬ ton (2) Josephine Gardner, Hinton Taylor County. (1) Fred D. Robinson, LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS 343 227 Maple Ave , Grafton. (2) Louisa Baughman, 506 Virginia Ave , Grafton Tucker County, (l) Felix Colabrese, Albert (2) Mrs Naomi W Kneisly, Davis Tyler County. (1) Mrs Mildred Me Coulough, Alma. (2) Mrs Clara B. Johnson, Sistersville Upshur County (1) Daniel Jones, Frenchton Waynb County (1) L L. Lycan, Fort Gay (2) Julia P Hawes, Kenova Webster County. (1) Mrs Frank Marsh Shumaker, Webster Springs. (2) Mrs Berlin Anderson, Webster Springs Wetzel County. (1) Ray Berger, Paden City. (2) J Leroy Roberts, Pine Grove Wirt County. (1) Mamie Cheatham, Elizabeth Wood County, (l) C C. Shutts, 1714 Park St , Parkersburg. (2) Edwin R. Amos, Rt. 3, Parkersburg Wyoming County, (l) Vaughn Stewart, Pineville Local Associations of Elementary School Principals I n the following roster the symbol (l) is used to indicate the person reported as president and (2) is used to indicate the secretary. ABILENE, TEXAS— Elementary Principals’ Club (1) M. M. Sheffield, 1125 Hickory St (2) S E Pass, 1025 Meander St AKRON, OHIO— Elementary Principals’ Association (1) Margaret Rook, 250 Cres¬ cent Drive. (2) Lillian Madden, 394 Green¬ wood Ave ALEXANDRIA, VA.— Principals’ Associa¬ tion. (1) Julia MacGregor, 400 South Wash¬ ington St (2) Mrs. Lillian Noland, Lee School ALTOONA. PA.— Elementary Principals’ and Supervisors' Association (l) Mary E Crist, 1204 Nineteenth Ave. (2) Caroline E Eckels, 423 Twenty-Fifth Ave. AMARILLO, TEXAS— Principals’ and Super¬ visors' Club, (l) Floyd A Hemphill, Margaret Wills School. (2) Violet B David¬ son, Alice Landergin School ATLANTA, GA— Elementary Principals' Club (1) Pauline Martin, 126 Third Ave , Decatur (2) Jessie Carson, 860 Capitol Ave. ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.— Absecon Island Principals’ Association, (l) Ethel C Hammell, Massachusetts Avenue School (2) Margaret Buchanan, Richmond Avenue School BALTIMORE, MD — Elementary Principals' Association. (1) Mrs Ellen S. Griffiths, School No. 223. (2) Nanette S. Levin, School No 62 BALTIMORE, MD Association of Admini¬ strators and Supervisors in Colored Schools (1) William N Parrott, School No 123 (2) Sarah I Sampson, 741 Dolphin St. BAY CITY, MICH —Elementary Principals' Club. (1) Elizabeth Seebeck, 1504 Elizabeth. (2) Carolyn White, 706 Salsburg BERKELEY. CALIF.— Elementary Principals Association. (1) Helen Maslm, Hillside School. (2) Carol B. Johnson, Jefferson School _ _ BEVERLY, MASS.— Elementary Principals Club, (l) Amy M. Stnley, Prospect School (2) Edna I. Barron, 4 Larcom Ave BIRMINGHAM, ALA —Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Club. (1) H Claxton Sparks, Ingle- nook School. (2) Elsie H‘Dillon, Lee School BLOOMINGTON, IND.— Principals’ Club. (1) Dr. D L. Simon, 902 S. Rogers St. (2) Glen Allen, 2024 E Third St. BRISTOL, CONN — Elementary Principals' Association. (1) Caro M. Gray, Clarence A. Bingham School (2) Harold R. French, John J. Jennings School BUFFALO, N Y — Elementary Principals’ Association, (l) Ray W. Smith, 161 Ben- zinger St. (2) Ambrose A Grine, 349 Bust! Ave. CANTON, OHIO— Women Principals’ Club. (1) Dorothy L. Fishel, 802 Park Ave , S.W. (2) Mrs. Katharine M. Mansfield, 117 Park Ave , S W. CASPER, WYO — Elementary Principals Club. (1) Margaret Chambers, Lincoln School. (2) Mae I Winter, Park School CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA— Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Club. (1) Isabella J. Campbell, 1400 Second Ave , S E. (2) Florence Gntzner, 1223 Second Ave , S.E CHATTANOOGA, TENN.— Elementary Prin¬ cipals' Club. (1) Virgil L Bible, Chatta¬ nooga 4. (2) Dorothy Woodard, 323 Georgia Ave., Chattanooga 3 , _ ... T CHICAGO, ILL —Principals Club. (l) Leo Frederick, 7710 Burnham Ave. (2) Isabella E. Fitzsimons, 7300 Merrill Ave Auxiliary I. (1) Elizabeth G Howland, 6167 Caldwell Ave. (2) Mildred M Mmogue, 612 Ridge Ave., Evanston . . Auxiliary II. (l) Marguerite Gernty, Chase School (2) Dr. Elfnede M Acker- mann, Langland School . Auxiliary HI. (1) Elizabeth M. Stanley, 1318 Thorndale Ave (2) F. Mane O Leary, 6757 Ridgeland Ave. _ T . .... Auxiliary IV. (1) Mary G. Lcist, 6345 University Ave. (2) Catherine E. Conner, 5242 N. Magnolia Ave. Auxiliary. V (1) Kathleen M Gibbons 8006 S. Loomis Blvd. (2) Florence C Knight, 4615% Drexel Blvd. . ,, Auxiliary VL (1) Rjy A, Bixler, 1212J 344 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS Normal Ave, (2) Catherine C. Leach, 6710 Merrill Ave. Auxiliary VII. (1) Chris L. Cooper, 4153 Djexel Blvd. (2) Mary D. Mulroy, 5476 Hyde Park Blvd Ella Flagg Young Club for Women Principals. (1) Gretta M, Brown, 1332 E 56th St. (2) Mary M. Sullivan, 6719 Sheri dan Rd. Georgb Howland Club of Men Princi pals. (1) J. Chester Bilhorn, 3846 N. Ked vale Ave. (2) Evan Clogston, 4048 Avers Ave CINCINNATI, OHIO— Elementary School Principals’ Club (l) F. Rudolph Jacobs, 1605 Anderson Ferry Rd. (2) Elizabeth Guilfoile, 14 S. Ft. Thomas Ave., Ft. Thomas CLEVELAND. OHIO— Elementary Princi pals' Club, (l) Julia Kratovila, 9721 Dickens Ave. (2) Laura May, 11412 Ashbury Ave. CLIFTON, N J. —Principals' Association, (l) George Walker, School No. 11. (2) Eleanor Senmgen, School No 15. COLUMBUS, OHIO— Elementary Principals' Association, (l) E. B. Graham, 325 Crest- view Rd. (2) Mary Cummins, 3636 N. High St CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS— Elementary Principals' Association (1) M. L Lang¬ ford, 3033 Topeka. (2) James T. Buck, 2506 DALLAS, TEXAS— Principals' Club. (1) W. O Pipes, North Dallas High School. (2) Mayme Wheless, William Lipscomb School. DANVILLE, ILL.— Principals^ Club, (l) R. G. Seitzinger, 510 W. Voorhees St. (2) Blanche Thomas. 709 N. Vermilion St. DAYTON, OHIO— Elementary Principals’ Association, (l) L. E Frederick, 1832 Auburn Ave (2) Mrs, Sue Beeghly, 18J3 Auburn Ave DENVER, COLO.— Principals’ and Directors' Association. (1) Aubrey T. Bennett, Mont¬ clair School (2) Kate W. Kmyon, 414 14th St. DES MOINES, IOWA— Schoolmasters' Club. (1) Gaylord I. Troe, 2610 37th St. (2) Elmer Betz, Des Moines Tech High School DETROIT, MICH.— Elementary School Principals’ Club, (l) Florence Kuhn, Her¬ man School (2) Mrs. Bertha Waltsgott, Pulaski School DETROIT, MICH — Women Principals' Club. (1) Gladys M. Little, Greusel Intermediate School. (2) Hildred Jarvis, 453 Stimson . DUBUQUE, IOWA— Elementary Principals' Club (1) Elsa Schroeder, 865 Rose St. (2) Esther Helbig, 1033 Montrose Terrace DULUTH, MINN —Principals' and Super¬ visors’ Club. (1) R. D Chadwick, Duluth Junior College (2) Olive Pnne, Board of Education ELIZABETH, N J.— Principals’ Association. (1) J. Francis Gallagher, Hamilton Junior High School. (2) Mrs. Eleanor Delaney, School No. 19 ELKHART, IND — Elementary Principals' Club. (1) Allen Weldy, 2101 Prairie St. (2) Ray P. Hendrickson, 1808 W. Franklia St EL PASO, TEXAS— Elementary Principals' and Supervisors' Association, (l) J. M. Whitaker, 3208 Richmond (2) Naomi Jame¬ son, 2911 Savannah ERIE, PA.— Elembntary School Principals' Association, (i ) Charles B. Cross, 926 W. 7th St. (2) Melvin E Morse, 507 W. 28th St. EVANSTON, ILL.— Principals' Club, (l) Alice Paulsrud, 1205 Sherwin Ave., Chicago (2) Mrs. Mary Shaw. 638 Elmwood Ave. FALL RIVER, MASS.— Elementary Princi- pals' Club, (l) Gertrude M. Hurley, High- land School, (2) Mary Holt, Wm. Connell School FLINT, MICH.— Elembntary Principals' (!) May Pascoe, 2005 Francis Ave (2) Dorah Young, 224 East Court St. FORT WORTH, TEXAS— Association of Principals and Vice-Principals 1) Gladvs Miller, West Van Zandt School, ( 2 ) Katherine Ashburn, S. S. Dillow School GALVESTON, TEXAS-Elembntary Princi¬ pals Club. (1) Elect different chairman monthly. ^Marguerite M Quibedeaux, GLEN'S ALE, CALIF.— Elementary Principals' Association, (1) Byron Durley, Lincoln School, La Crescenta. (2) Clarence Hardy, Edison School HAMILTON, OHIO— Principals’ Associa¬ tion. (1) John G Benfer, 808 Weller Ave (2) T R. Copeland, 33 Dick Ave. HARTFORD, CONN— Principals’ Club (1) George Seiple, Brown School. (2) Claire Brown, Barbour School HAZEL PARK, MICH— Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Club. (1) Marjorie Long, Hoover School. (2) Avis Blakelee, Wanda School HOLYOKE, MASS — Women Principals’ Club. (1) Eva C. Moymhan, l49 Brown Ave. (2) Lillian M. Donoghue, 309 Walnut St. HUTCHINSON. KANS.— Elementary School Principals’ Association. (\) Julia Peed, 114 North Plum St. (2) Will Billingsley, 323 East 17th Ave INDIANAPOLIS, IND.— Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Association. (1) Georgia Lacey, School No 33 (2) Geraldine Eppert, School No. 44 JACKSON, MICH —Principals’ Club. ( 1 ) Letha Waldorf, Helmer School. (2) Carrie Trombley, McCulloch School KALAMAZOO, MICH.— Principals’ Club (1) Bethel Honeysette, Harding School (2) Joe Hooker, Vine School KANSAS CITY, KAN.— Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Club. (1) Wilma Junker, Bryant School (2) Mildred Hawkins, Snow School KANSAS CITY, MO.— Association of Ele¬ mentary School Principals. (1) Lena Bumbarger, Faxon School. (2) Ray Hailey, J C. Nichols School LAFAYETTE, IND — Elementary Principals’ Club, (1) R. B. Linville. 714 Hitt St. (2) H. E. Sweeney, 1721 Charles St LAWRENCE, MASS — Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Association, (l) Mary A. Twomev, 70 Avon St (2) Beatrice A. McPhee, 188 Bailey St LONG BEACH, CALIF.— Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Club. (1) Loyd M, Landes, Roosevelt School (2) Mrs. Marj’one E Wasley, Los Cerritos School LOS ANGELES, CALIF.— Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Club. (1) Ida F. Coleman, 1403 Fair- buin Ave. (2) Grace L. Soderlund, 2828 Herkimer LOWELL, MASS.— Masters' Club (1) Wil¬ liam W, Dennett, Morey Junior High School. (2) John E Barr, 168 Sixth St. LUBBOCK, TEXAS— Elementary Principals’ Club (1) Mrs Guy L Trow, 2010 25th St, (2) W Kary Mathis, 2319 28th St LYNCHBURG, VA —Elementary Principals' Club. (1) Dorothy Pratt, 30 N. Princeton Circle. (2) Mrs Catherine P Watts, 1060 Rivermont Terrace MACON, GA — Elementary Principals’ Club (1) Jessie Rice, 214 Hines Terrace. (2) Mabel H. Harris, 1416 Oglethorpe St MALDEN, MASS.— Women Principals’ Club. (1) Helen M. Aughtigan, Pierce School MEDFORD, MASS.— Women Principals’ local associations 34* Clue. (1) Ida B Jacques, 26 Bradlee Rd (2) Agnes G. Sweeney, 100 Otis St MERIDIAN, MISS— Principals' Club, (1) Lois Smith, Highland School (2) Laura Mae Carter, Oakland Heights School MILWAUKEE, WIS — Elementary School Principals’ Association. (1) Harold W. Peterson, 1900 East Newton Ave. (2) Lillie Milnitz, 3008 N. 77th St MOBILE, ALA —Elementary Principals' Club. (1) Beatrice Denmark, 562 Flint St. (2) Margueritte d’Orneilas, 1314 Chamberlain Ave. MOUNT VERNON, N Y — Elementary Prin¬ cipals' Club. (1) Dr. Henry C. Craine, Fulton School. (2) Helen McKennon, Hale School MUNCIE, IND.— Elementary Principals’ Club. (1) Mae H Vice, 416 W. Main St (2) Helen Waldo, 302 W. 13th St. MUSKEGON, MICH.— Principals’ and Super¬ visors’ Council. (1) Jo Kathryn La Mantia, 458 W. Webster Ave (2) Katherine Kapp, 556 W. Grand Ave. NASHVILLE, TENN — Elementary Princi¬ pals' Round Table. (1) R. N Chenault, Warner School. (2) Mrs. M. H. Sugg, Knox School NEWARK. N J.— Public School Principals' Association. (1) Irving J. Townsend, Maple Ave. School. (2) William B. Hargrove, Elliott Street School NEW HAVEN, CONN.— Principals’ Ciub. (1) Charles O’Hara, 109 Woodbridge Ave (2) Margaret H. Fitz Simons, 589 Howard Ave. NEW ORLEANS, LA— Principals’ Associa¬ tion. (1) Alice J. Molony, 2306 Pemston St. (2) Alma V. Will, 2318 Dublin St NEW YORK. N Y —The New York Princi¬ pals’ Association. (1) Anna E Lawson, J - H S 81, Manhattan. (2) Mrs Margaret C Bronson, 212 W. 120th St. NEW YORK. N.Y.—New Yokk Principals’ Club (1) Edward J. McNamara. 155 W 65th St. (2) Sara Rhodes, 769-A St Mark's Ave , Brooklyn NORFOLK, VA — Principals* Association. (1) Edith B. Joynes, 1311 Colonial Ave. (2) J Harry Carmine. 146 Atterbury St. OMAHA, NEBR.— Elementary Principals’ Club. (1) John G Jelinek, 317 North 25th St (2) Paul T. Thompson, 3502 Grand Ave ORLANDO, FLA.— Elementary Principals' Club. (1) Mrs. Edna Gleason, 538 N. Summerlin St. (2) Mrs.' Hazel Jacobs, 927 Lancaster Drive OTTUMWA, IOWA— Principals' Club. fl) James F Van Antwerp, 133 Lincoln Ave. (2) Albert Wagner, 625 Hamilton PASADENA, CALIF.— Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Club. (1) A Roland Walker, 301 S. Madre Ave. (2) Bess McGuire, 1241 Sonoma Drive, Altadena PATERSON, NJ.— Principals’ Association. (1) Howatd E. Lawpaugh, School No. 10. (2) G. Wesley Fiorance, School No 6 PEORIA, ILL.— Elementary School Men Principals' Club, (l) Ervin L. Zehr, 1229 Seneca Place. (2) Jonas C. Hall, 829 W Wilcox Ave. PHOENIX, ARIZONA— Elembntary Adminis¬ trators’ Association. (1) Howard Soule, 4208 Longview Ave. (2) Ada M. Sundquist, 342 W. Culver. PITTSBURGH, PA.— Elementary Principals Club. (1) Walter R. Steel. 3819 Hiawatha St. (2) Thomas G. Arnold, 1016 Morning Side Ave , , PITTSBURGH, PA — Principals Club. (1) Dorothy E. Pickard, Beltzhoover School. (2) Bernard McCormick, Schenley High School PLAINFIELD, N.j — Principals’ Club, (l) Homer W. Wieder, 949 West Eighth St. (2) Courtland V. Davis, Evergreen School PORTLAND, OREG — Elementary Princi¬ pals' Association, (l) Tillman J Peterson, 6106 N E. 22nd. (2) David Wright, 2105 N. E. 62nd , PORTSMOUTH, VA.— School masters’ Club. (1) B L. Sweeney, 1 Dinwiddle St. (2) W. W Piland, 208 Middle St PROVIDENCE, RI. —Elementary Principals’ Association, (l) Francesca Cosgrove, 258 Doyle Ave (2) Charlotte C. Tennant, 95 University Ave. PUEBLO, COLO —Elementary Principals' Club, (1) Hazel MacFarlane, 2401 Grand Ave. (2) Edna Hellstern, 1708 East Orman Ave. PUEBLO. COLO. —Principals’ Club. (1) R. F. Standefer, 611 Gaylord. (2) Edna Hellstern, 1708 East Orman Ave. RACINE, WIS —Principals’ Council. (l) Frank S. McCall, 914 St. Patrick St. (2) John Gach, Horlick High School. RICHMOND, VA —Principals’ Division op Richmond Teachers’ Association, (i) Katherine L. Johnson, 29 E. 18th St (2) Mrs Sara G. F. Holmes, 2118 Greenwood Ave RICHMOND, VA —Principals’ Association. (1) Leslie Bush, Bainbridge Junior High School. (2) Roland Galvin, westhampton School ROANOKE, VA —Elementary Principals’ Club. (1) Catherine Amiss, Salem. (2) Mrs, Mary Bernard, Washington Ave., S.W. ROCHESTER, N.Y.— Elementary School Principals' Council. (1) Edna M. Hixson, School No. 17. (2) Marguerite D Hulbert, School No 16 ■ SAGINAW. MICH.— Elementary Principals’ Club. (1) Helen I. Pathnson, 403 S. Fourth St (2) Mrs Alice Batcke, 1336 Ward St. SAINT JOSEPH, MO —Elementary Princi¬ pals’ Club. (1) Victor Coy, McKinley School. (2) Dorothy Osborne, Blair School SAINT LOUIS, MO. —Elbmentary School Principals’ Association, (l) Tom Wohl- schlaeger, 9130 Rambler Drive, Affton 23. (2) Martha S. Casey, 5929 Waterman Blvd SAINT LOUIS, MO —Club op Women Principals. (1.) Martha Casey, 5929 Water¬ man Blvd. (2) Julia Schmidt, 3828 Wilming¬ ton S ALINA, KANS.— Elementary Principals Club. (1) Margaret Mills, Bartlett School. (2) Rutn Mitchell, Lowell School SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS— Elementary Prin¬ cipals’ and Supervisors’ Association. (1) Elsie B. Jordt, 318 Maverick St. (2) Alice R. Neighbors, 935 Waverly SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.— Elementary Prin¬ cipals’ Association. (1) Mrs. Alice Hubner, Longfellow School, (2) Ethel Duncing, George Peabody School 3AN JOSE, CALIF.—Elementary Principals Club. (1) Irene Henderson, Gardner School, (2) Grace S. Rowe, Lowell School SAVANNAH, GA.— Principals’ and Super¬ visors’ Club. (1) Mrs. Dorothy H Ayers. 603 Anderson Ave. (2) Mrs. Doris Thomas, 211 E. 52nd St, SEATTLE, WASH.— Principals Association. (1) Earl M. Towner, 7501 13th, RW. (2) Mrs. Selma E. Whilt, 6760 34th, S W SIOUX CITY, IOWA-Elembntary Princi¬ pals’ Association. (1) Harry H. FcMter, Hunt School. (2) Charlotte Osborn, Haw¬ thorne School SIOUX CITY, IOWA-Administration Club (1) John F. Schmidt. Leeds High School. (2) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS $46 Mrs. Charlotte O'Brien, Administration Bldg. SOUTH BEND, IND,— Women Administra¬ tors & Directors of Education, (l) Laura Deephouse, 228 South St. Joseph St. (21 Mrs. May Reynard, 1308 Sunnymede SOUTH PORTLAND, MAINE—Elementary Principals' Association. (1) Mrs. Edith H. Harmon, 363 Mam St. (2) Dora L. Small, STOCKTON," CALIF .—-Elementary Princi- pals' Association. (1) Lloyd L Brooks, Rt. 2,-Box 280F. (2) Rollo Garretson, 2801 E. SYRACUSE, N.Y— Men Principals’ and Supervisors’ Association. (1) Henry G Berbench, Board of Education. (2) G. Frank Lapham, Board of Education TOLEDO. OHIO—Principals and Super¬ visors’ Club. (1) Bertha Bishop, 2114 Robin- •wood Ave (2) Myrtle M. Best, 1627 Wild¬ wood Rd TULSA, OKLA —Elementary School Prin- opals’ Association, (l) L. G. Roberson, Cherokee School. (2) Roger Shepherd, Barnard School WATERBURY, CONN.— Principals’ Associa¬ tion. (1) Anna M. Skehan, 81 Waterville St (2) Jennie A. Freney, 121 Watemlle St WICHITA, KANS.— Elementary School Principals’ Club. (1) Myrtle Conger, 104 South Glendale. (2) Fred W. Doepfee, 1808 McKee WILMINGTON, DEL —Principals’ Associa¬ tion. (1) George A. Johnson, 14th & Poplar St. (2) Mary J. deHan, Claymont 8c Lobdell St. WORCESTER, MASS —Principals’ Club, (l) Paul J. Corcoran, 39 dean St. (2) Mary F. Murphy, 20 Kenwood Ave. YORK, PA.— Elementary Principals’ Club. (1) Stanley Myers, 530 Dallas St (2) Naomi C. Bentz, 807 W. King St. Index of Persons Allasina, T. . .. PAGE 25 Anderson, Geneva . . 168 Anderson, Thelma ... 168 Andrews, Hannah C .. 168 Angelo, Michael . . . 77 Apgar, Marion .. .... 137 Baker, Clara B . 92 Baker, Harold . 4, 6, 13, 20, 227-240 Baring, Gould S. . . . 94 Barnett, Glenn E. . 5, 241, 243 Barratt, Phylhs . 168 Bellows, George 52 Bingham, George 52 Blair, Maurice G. . . 127 Bolden, O L, . 168 Booker, R. L. 4 Bowen, Genevieve . 137, 211 Breughel, Pieter ... 53 Brown, Sister M Gertrude Ann .. 28 Browne, Lewis . . . . 249 Brubacher, John S . 185 Burd, Esther R 137 Burley, Hazel M 85 Butler, Charles E 88 Campbell, Helen 214 Cardy, Margaret . . 168 Carnahan, Winnie K . . 168 Casparis, Louise F . . 168 Cezanne, Paul 53 Childs, John L 46 Cobb, Dalziel , . . 168 Coffman, Lois Irene 168 Coleman, M. E 185 Cowan, Anita . 168 Crowninshield, Ethel . . . 91 Crump, Beatrice . . 5 Curtiss, Marie J . . . 85 Daley, Helen 214 Davies, Gladys M. . . 168 Davis, Hazel .... . 5 Degas, Hilaire 53 Dewey, John 250 Discher, Margaret O 35 Eader, William S . - . . . . 168 Eldndge, Raymond W. . . 4 Eliot, George . 82 Elliott, C. H. . .. . . 143 Faber, Irma .. . .. - 168 Fransworth, Felva D. . . . . . 168 Faulk, Ruth . . .. 168 Frenkel, Inge . ... . 93 Friedaw, Ardith. ... 168 Frostad, Erling . . 90 Fullingim, Ruth Yvonne . 168 Gabriel, Florence . 4 Gallemore, Voncrle . 168 Gibran, Kahhl ... . 240 Gichner, Henry. . 163 Gilson, Dan H. • 9 5 Glenn, Mabelle ... ... 90, 91 Goetz, Florence Myrtle . . 168 Gordon, Dorothy .. .. 92 Graves, Walter . . . 5 Green, Elsie E. ... 39, 43 Gustafson, Inez V. 168 Haines, Vesta. .... 188 Hale, Gertrude .. . .. . . 5 Hall, Ruth. . .. . 168 Hansen, Herbert C . 4 Harlan, Henry W. . . . 168 Hawkins, Frances . . 168 Hayward, W. George ... 4 Herrington, Eugene H. .... 4 Hobbs, Valine. . 191 Homer, Winslow . . . ... 52 Jacquet, J. Martin . ... 168 Jerde, Mina ... . . 168 Johnson, Agnita . 168 Tohnson, Helen L. . . Johnson, Hilda .214 Johnson, Wilma E .. . . 168 Johnston, Mildred . 168 . 168 Kellar, Laura E. . 4, 214 Kennedy, Mabel 146 King, H. L. . 168 Kishman, Eunice--- • . 168 Kohlsaat, Caroline . . 92 Knnglee, Doris. . 168 Liebman, Joshua ! Lewis, Frank H Loken, Elizabeth Lowell, Amy . Main, Nellie Mann, Horace . Masters, Hugh Matthews, Ann May, Laura M. McCaleb, Maggie McFalls, F. D. McKeon, Gertrud Loth B. Ruth e E. 60 47 214 108 137 226 196 168 54 168 168 60 [ 347 ] 348 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS McMillan, Kay W. Mette, Wilda C. .. Mintiis, Nellie I. . • Monet, Claude . Morgan, Geraldine M, Mosby, Sibyl . Neagley, Ross L. Neufeldt, Carl Orozco, Jose Clemente Othmer, A. Marea Paine, Thomas . . Park, F. R. . Parker, Horatio . . Pechstein, Max . Perry, Ralph Barton Pierce, Thomas E Pinkston, Eva G. Pixley, Erma E . . •■ Post, Emily. Reed, Mamie .... Regmer, M.. Renoir, Augusta ... Riddle, Laura .... Riggs, Edwon L. . . . Riordan, Kathryn . Rivera, Diego. Roberts, Clarence J Robinson, Thomas E Rosetti, Christina . Rouston, Edna .,... . Roys, Cassie F .... Ruslan, John ... . Rust’hveli, Shot’ha . Sallust . Sands, Lester B. PAGE .. 168 . . 102 168 53 . . 5 168 . 106 . 109 53 64 68 . . 113 . . 165 53 . . . 34 . 4 ..4, 5, 253 127 82 4 168 53 . 137 4 , . . 168 . . 53 69 152, 153 243 168 4 . 195 190 Sargent, John Singer Schmidt, Blanche L , Schreiber, Herman . Scott, Hester. Shakespeare. Sharp, Cecil J. Shick, Ethel B. . . ... Shreve, Donna .... . Sizer, Hazel . Smith, F. B. Smith, Lena Lee .. Smith, Sim Joe .. Snyder, Peter H .. Snyder, Wayne T. . Spaugh, Pearl . Stains, Katherine G. . . Steele, Juanita. Stevens, Helen. Stephenson, Gertrude . . Sullivan, Mae. Taylor, Gertrude . Thompson, C. T. .. Tipps, Roberta ... Van Gogh, Vincent . Wagner, Victoria Walker, Ethel . Walters, Marjorie Webster, Daniel White, Alta B. . White, Dorothy Whitman, Wait . Wilson, Amber , Wilson, Irene . Wittig, Eleonore . Wood, Grant ... 105 222 Yauch, Wilbur A 52 4 . . 157 . 168 , 34 94 . . 137 168 4 . 159 . 168 , 228 ,.160, 196 . 74 . 168 78 165 . , 168 . . 214 . 168 . 214 116 168 53 . 201 ,, • 168 4, 6 . 167 102 . . 214 73 127 .... 168 137 52 120 mbject Index Alaska, 148. “jnerican Brotherhood, National Confer¬ ence of Christians and Jews, 49. .American Education Week, 26 American Foundation for the Blind, 193. American Friends Service Committee, 79, i* 188-90. American Junior Red Cross, 70, 133, 148, ; 237 "American Printing House for the Blind, 193. fmes, Iowa: author from, 165. Animals in the school, 96-101. arbor Day, 132. (Arithmetic, 31, 54, 180, 194. , ; (rmistice Day, 48. Aift, appreciation of, 16, 27, 33, 51-53, ! i 80, 132, 150-51, 233- l|rt, creative, 45, 65-66, 106-08, 166, 219- ' 20 . •)|isemblies, 58-59, 186-87, 218 fchens, Ohio- author from, 120 flanta, Georgia- picture from,' 8, author Ifirom, 185. ustin, Texas- Texas State School for the Blind, 191-95. ifaltimore, Maryland author from, 69 flibliography, 251 ijirthdays, 94, 138-39. 'foulder, Colorado- author from, 168 rooklyn. New York author from, 157 ucks County, Pennsylvania authors from ; 137, 211 uffalo, New York: author from, 113 juilding facilities, 25, 229, 232-33. jambndge, Massachusetts - author from, 78. jamping, 162, 196-200. |fanada, 148. [Character development, 33-34, 60-63, 64- \ 68, 82, 127-34, 160-64, 169-82, 196- 200, 246 Chautauqua Institution, 190. jChina, 148 iChinese-Amencan pupils, 25-27, 217-18. (Christmas, 27, 70, 80, 102-05, 132, 139, 218, 221, 233, 237. Cincinnati, Ohio- pictures from, 3, 24. Citizenship, see Responsibility. (Class size, 217. (Cleveland, Ohio: author from, 54. Closing exercise, 238-40. Clubs, 56, 69-71, 141-42. (Community cooperation in building spirit¬ ual values, 185-87, 249. Cooperation, how developed, 27, 39-41, 106-08, 144-45, 196-200, 224 Councils of school pupils, 58, 75-76, 93- 94, 116-19, 133, 218, 235-37. Courage, 64-65. Curriculum revised, 30-32, 127-34 Czechoslovakia, 234. Dallas, Texas: reference to, 192. Dearborn, Michigan: picture from, 225. Denver, Colorado- picture from, 61, 114. Departmentalization, related problems, 54- 55. Des Moines, Iowa: picture from, 52, 100, 154, 236, 242, 248. Discussions, 62 , 124, 131, 152-56, 212. Doylestown, Pennsylvania- author from, 211 . Easter, 132. East Hartford, Connecticut: author from, 143. Editorial Committee, 4, 5, 7, 19- Emotional development, 29. England, 237. Esthetic values, 32-33, 43-45, 73, 131-32, 138, 165-67, 230-33, 244-45. Ethical values, 127-34, 152-56. Etiquette, 30-32, 42, 72-73, 85-87. Evaluation, 19, 60, 73, 111, 133-34, 208, 209 - 26 . Exchange Club, 186 Excursions, 96. Faculty attitudes, 17-18; 25, 28-29. Flower shows, 233 Folk-dancing, 143-44. Fort Wayne, Indiana picture from, 67, 89 France, 143, 237. Frederick, Maryland, author from 47; Hood College, 50. Freeport, New York: picture from, 184, Gardening, 45. Generosity, 79, 148, 184, 188-90, 191-95, 237-38. Geography, 133. Germany, 143. Glencoe, Illinois: author from, 60. Glendale, California: picture from, 37, 206 . Hamburg, New York, author from, 85> Handicapped pupils, 172-75, 191-95. Hawaiian-Americans, 25-27. Hayward, California: author from, 102. [ 349 ]