Report  of  the  Committee 
On  Retirement  Allowances 

of  the 

National  Education  cAssociation 


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DEPARTMi^JT  CF  SUPtR:  ^■rlPUE 

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NATIONAL  ED'jCAJION  ASSOCIATION 


Presented  July,  1929 
At  ^Atlanta  Meeting 


OF  THE 


National  Education  Association 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive  j 
in  2018  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/reportofeommitte00natL13 


311.17 
PI  Zl  ^  n. 

REPORT  DF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON  RETIREMENT 

ALLOWANCES 

E.  RUTH  PYRTLE,  CHAIRMAN,  PRINCIPAL,  BANCROFT  SCHOOL, 

LINCOLN,  NEBRASKA 

Corfimittee  objectives. — The  Committee  on  Retirement  Allowances  of 
the  National  Education  Association  has  two  principal  objectives: 

1.  The  maintenance  of  a  clearing  house  of  information  on  the  problem  of 
teacher  retirement  allowances. 

2.  The  preparation  of  reports  on  the  teacher  retirement  movement  that  are 
based  on  the  best  current  thought  in  this  field,  and  that  may  aid  in  ad¬ 
vancing  the  development  of  scientific  teacher  retirement  systems. 

In  fulhling  the  first  of  these  objectives,  the  committee,  in  cooperation 
with  the  Research  Division,  has  assembled  at  the  Association’s  Headquarters 
a  library  of  material  on  teacher  retirement.  This  library,  wTich  has  been 
of  considerable  assistance  in  answering  the  many  inquiries  on  retirement 
problems,  contains  general  studies  in  the  field,  copies  of  the  provisions  of 
state  and  local  teacher  retireme’nt  systems  now  in  effect,  the  latest  available 
information  concerning  plans  for  retirement  legislation,  and  a  current 
directory  of  the  secretaries  of  state  and  local  teachers  retirement  systems. 

The  committee,  through  its  meetings,  inter-member  correspondence  and 
cooperative  work  with  such  agencies  as  the  National  Council  of  Teachers’ 
Retirement  Systems,  furnishes  a  clearing  house  for  the  interchange  of  opin¬ 
ion  and  fact  concerning  the  theory  and  practical  operation  of  teacher  re¬ 
tirement  systems. 

In  accomplishing  its  second  objective,  the  preparation  of  reports  on  the 
teacher  retirement  movement,  the  committee  has  attempted  to  make  avail¬ 
able  from  time  to  time  the  best  thought  and  practise  in  the  field.  Its  last 
comprehensive  report,  presented  a  year  ago  at  Minneapolis,  was  reprinted 
with  some  modification  and  additions  as  an  issue  of  the  Research  Bulletin 
of  the  National  Education  A ssociation.  This  report  has  been  widely  cir¬ 
culated. 

Plans  for  1930  report. — Plans  are  now  in  progress  which  will  result  in 
the  cooperative  preparation  of  another  comprehensive  report  for  submis¬ 
sion  to  the  Association  a  year  from  the  present  time.  This  report  will 
present  as  a  part  of  its  contents: 

1.  A  revision  of  the  statement  of  fundamental  principles  of  a  teacher  retirement 
system,  which  appeared  in  the  Minneapolis  report. 

2.  A  general  survey  of  retirement  systems  in  effect. 

3.  Uptodate  information  on  retirement  activities  in  the  various  states  and  cities. 

4.  Tabular  material  showing  the  principal  features  of  selected  retirement  systems, 

5.  A  simple  explanation  of  the  way  in  which  certain  provisions  of  teacher 
retirement  systems  work  in  practise. 

6.  Results  of  research  on  special  problems  in  the  field  of  teacher  retirement  con¬ 
ducted  for  the  committee  by  the  Research  Division, 

7.  A  selected,  annotated  bibliography  of  literature  in  this  field, 

[3] 


1 4 


Cooperation  with  secretaries  of  teacher  retirement  systems. — During  the 
past  year  cooperative  relations  were  continued  between  the  Committee  on 
Retirement  Allowances  of  the  National  Education  Association  and  the  Na¬ 
tional  Council  of  Teachers’  Retirement  Systems.  In  November,  1928,  a 
number  of  members  of  this  Council  met  at  the  Headquarters  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Education  Association  to  discuss  various  teacher  retirement  problems. 

At  the  Cleveland  meeting  of  the  Association,  a  joint  session  of  the  two 
groups  was  held  at  which  the  status  of  the  teacher  retirement  movement 
was  reviewed  and  important  trends  brought  out.  The  interchange  of  ex¬ 
perience  at  these  conferences  and  meetings  has  been  of  considerable  as¬ 
sistance  in  directing  the  work  of  the  committee  along  lines  of  greatest 
value  to  persons  in  the  held. 

Fundamental  principles. — One  of  the  most  significant  pieces  of  work 
accomplished  by  the  Committee  on  Retirement  Allowances  is  the  drafting 
of  a  set  of  fundamental  principles  of  teacher  retirement  designed  to  aid 
those  concerned  with  the  development  and  operation  of  effective  teacher 
retirement  systems.  These  principles  exercised  a  major  influence  in  the 
direction  of  securing  sound  retirement  legislation  in  recent  legislative  ses¬ 
sions.  The  principles  as  printed  in  the  1928  report  of  the  committee,  and 
on  pages  153-7  of  the  May,  1928,  Research  Bulletin  of  the  Natio-nal  Edu¬ 
cation  Association,  have  received  wide  recognition  and  acceptance. 

It  has  been  recommended  that  one  revision  be  made  in  the  1928  state¬ 
ment  of  principles,  namely,  that  Principles  XV  and  XVI,  both  of  which 
deal  with  essentially  the  same  subject,  be  combined  as  follows: 

XV.  Retirement  Board  in  Control 

The  administration  of  the  retirement  system  should  he  in  the  hands  of  a 
retirement  hoard  nxhose  makeup  is  carefully  prescribed  in  the  retirement  lanx), 
and  <ivhich  represents  both  the  public  and  the  teachers. 

The  control  of  a  retirement  system  should  be  vested  in  a  retirement  board, 
whose  makeup  is  carefully  prescribed  by  the  retirement  law.  As  both  the  public 
and  the  teachers  are  interested  in  seeing  that  the  affairs  of  the  retirement 
system  are  conducted  with  the  greatest  possible  efficiency,  both  parties  should  be 
adequately  represented  on  the  retirement  board.  The  method  of  appointment  or 
selection  should  be  such  as  to  secure  a  high  type  of  personnel. 

It  is  also  proposed  that  Principle  IV  be  modified  in  the  manner  shown 
below.  The  portions  of  the  statement  in  parentheses  represent  suggested 
additions.  Except  for  these  proposed  additions,  the  principle  would  re¬ 
main  unchanged. 

IV.  Amount  of  Deposits  and  Payments  (and  Rate  of  Interest)  Stated 

The  deposit  by  the  teacher,  the  payment  by  the  public  {and  the  rate  of  interest) 
should  be  stated  by  the  organic  act  creating  a  retirement  system  subject  to  adjust¬ 
ment  in  accordance  ^'ith  future  actuarial  investigations. 

The  deposits  to  be  made  by  the  teacher  and  by  the  public  (and  the  rate  of 
interest  for  the  accumulations)  should  be  definitely  stated  in  the  organic  act 


and  should  continue  as  stated  until  changed  by  the  retirement  board  on  the 
basis  of  actuarial  investigation.  Too  often  in  the  past  definite  contributions  to 
be  paid  by  the  teacher  have  been  provided  for,  but  the  amount  of  the  public's 
payment  has  been  uncertain  and  indefinite.  All  future  retirement  laws  should 
state  definitely  the  method  whereby  the  amounts  to  be  deposited  by  the  teachers 
and  the  payments  by  the  public  are  to  be  determined  (and  the  rate  of  Interest 
at  which  the  funds  are  to  be  accumulated).  If  this  is  done  the  exact  amount  of 
the  fund  which  is  being  built  up  is  known,  It  can  be  depended  upon,  and  ex¬ 
penditures  can  be  planned  accordingly. 

The  state  should  live  up  to  the  requirements  of  the  law  that  It  makes  for 
the  retirement  of  its  teachers,  just  as  it  requires  banks,  insurance  companies, 
and  similar  institutions  to  live  up  to  the  law  concerning  the  reserves  they  must 
carry. 

Retirement  plan  for  Headquarters  Staff  of  the  National  Education  As¬ 
sociation. — In  1926  the  Committee  on  Retirement  Allowances  recom¬ 
mended  “that  the  Executive  Committee  he  authorized  to  take  steps  to  put 
into  effect  a  retirement  plan  for  the  Association’s  headquarters  staff.”  This 
recommendation  was  approved  by  the  Representative  Assembly  and  a  plan 
subsequently  worked  out  and  put  into  effect  by  the  officers  of  the  Associa¬ 
tion.  The  Headquarters  retirement  plan  has  now  been  in  successful  op¬ 
eration  for  more  than  a  year  and  a  half.  Few  actions  affecting  the  staff 
taken  in  recent  years  promise  greater  returns  in  continued  and  increased 
efficiency  than  the  inauguration  of  this  retirement  plan. 

Proposed  retirement  plan  for  headquarters  staff  of  state  education  asso¬ 
ciations. — The  successful  establishment  of  the  national  association’s  re¬ 
tirement  system  suggested  the  possibility  of  extending  this  system  to  cover 
the  staffs  of  the  state  associations.  At  the  request  of  President  Lamkin  an 
investigation  was  made  to  determine  the  feasibility  of  so  extending  the 
system.  It  was  found  that  it  would  be  possible  to  extend  the  plan  so  that 
state  associations  which  desire  to  do  so  may  enrol  their  staffs.  Full  in¬ 
formation  has  been  sent  on  this  matter  to  the  officers  of  all  state  associa¬ 
tions.  Several  states  have  already  taken  action  to  join. 

The  committee  recommends  to  all  state  associations  the  desirability  of 
coming  into  the  retirement  system.  We  urge  this  for  the  same  reason  that 
we  urge  retirement  plans  for  teachers,  namely,  that  they  make  for  greater 
efficiency.  The  state  associations  should  look  upon  the  enrolment  of  their 
staffs  in  this  plan  as  a  step  in  the  direction  of  preserving  and  increasing 
the  efficiency  of  their  staffs. 

Early  entrance  is  desirable,  while  the  problem  of  taking  care  of  prior 
service  is  still  small.  This  question  is  relatively  easy  to  deal  with  now, 
since  most  of  the  state  associations  are  comparatively  young  organizations. 
The  cost  of  covering  prior  service  becomes  greater  as  entrance  into  the  re¬ 
tirement  plan  is  delayed,  and  eventually  offers  a  serious  obstacle  to  the 
initiation  of  a  retirement  plan  for  any  group. 

It  is  inconsistent  for  a  state  association  to  advocate  a  teachers’  retire¬ 
ment  plan  as  an  efficiency  measure  for  the  teachers  of  a  state,  and  at  the 
same  time  fail  to  adopt  a  plan  for  its  own  employees.  We  strongly  recom- 


[5] 


mend  that  all  delegates  urge  the  officers  of  their  respective  associations  to 
take  early  and  favorable  action  toward  enroling  their  headquarters  staff 
in  the  retirement  plan  of  the  National  Education  Association. 

State  and  Local  Teacher  Retirement  Systems  Now  in  Effect 

The  following  is  a  list  of  state  and  local  teacher  retirement  systems  now 
in  effect.  It  may  be  necessary  later  to  revise  this  list  slightly  on  the  basis 
of  reports  from  state  legislatures  still  in  session  at  the  time  this  report  was 
printed.  Information  concerning  the  plans  listed,  or  names  and  addresses 
of  persons  connected  with  their  administration,  may  be  secured  from  the 
Research  Division  of  the  National  Education  Association. 


State-iuide  teacher  retirement  laivs  are  in  effect  in  the  following  states; 


Arizona 

Montana 

California 

Nevada 

Connecticut 

New  Jersey 

District  of  Columbia 

New  York" 

Illinois 

North  Dakota 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Maine 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland  ^ 

Rhode  Island 

Massachusetts 

Vermont 

Michigan 

Virginia 

Minnesota 

Washington 

Wisconsin 


An  act  to  create  a  teachers’  retirement  system  for  Kentucky,  passed  by 
the  1928  legislature  in  that  state,  has  not  yet  been  put  into  operation.  In 
connection  with  the  above  list,  it  should  be  added  that  retirement  systems 
affecting  teachers  are  also  in  effect  in  Hawaii,  the  Panama  Canal  Zone, 
the  Philippine  Islands,  and  Porto  Rico.  An  act  was  passed  by  the  1929 
legislature  of  the  Territory  of  Alaska,  creating  a  pension  system  for  teach¬ 
ers  in  that  territory.  Payment  of  pensions  under  this  system  is  to  com¬ 
mence  on  or  after  October  1,  1930. 

Where  state-wide  teacher  retirement  laws  are  in  effect,  the  following 
cities  have  local  teacher  retirement  svstems  independent  of  state  systems; 


San  Francisco,  Calif.® 
New  Haven,  Conn. 
Chicago,  Ill.® 

Peoria,  Ill. 

I'erre  Haute,  Ind. 
Baltimore,  Md. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Detroit,  Mich. 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Duluth,  Minn. 


St.  Paul,  Minn. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
Bristol,  R.  I.® 
Newport,  R.  I.® 
Providence,  R.  I.® 
Everett,  Wash. 
Seattle,  Wash. 
Spokane,  Wash. 
Tacoma,  Wash. 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 


1  The  retirement  law  of  this  state  does  not  include  teachers  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  which 
city  maintains  an  independent  employees’  retirement  system  of  which  teachers  are  members. 

-  The  retirement  law  of  this  state  does  not  include  teachers  in  Xew  York  City,  which 
city  maintains  an  independent  teacher  retirement  system. 

®  Teachers  also  enroled  in  state  system.  In  the  other  cities,  teachers  are  members  of  local 
system  only. 


[6] 


State  teacher  retirement  laws  of  limited  application  are  in  effect  in  the 
following  communities : 


Delaware 

Wilmington 

Georgia 

Atlanta 

Kentucky 

Lexington 

Louisville 

Newport 

Louisiana 

New  Orleans 

Nebraska 

Omaha 

No  state  law  establishing  teacher  retirement  systems  is  in  effect  in  the 
following  states 'd 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Florida 

Idaho 

Iowa 

Kansas 


Mississippi 

Missouri 

New  Hampshire 

New  Mexico 

North  Carolina 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 


South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

West  Virginia 
Wyoming 


Local  teacher  retirement  systems  have  been  set  up  by  the  following  local 


communities 

in  the  states  listed : 

Alabama 

Montgomery  City 
Mobile  County 

Canon  City 

New  Hampshire 

Concord 

Manchester 

Nashua 

Colorado 

New  Hanover  County 

Colorado  Springs 

North  Carolina 

Denver 

Oregon 

Portland 

Greeley 

South  Carolina 

Charleston 

Georgia 

Augusta 

Macon 

Tennessee 

Chattanooga 

Hamilton  County 

Knox  County 

Iowa 

Des  Moines 

Nashville 

Sioux  City 

Texas 

San  Antonio 

Kansas 

Atchison 

Utah 

Salt  Lake  City 

Leavenworth 

West  Virginia 

Charleston 

Parsons 

Parkersburg 

Topeka 

Wheeling 

^  A  number  of  these  states  have  permissive  state  laws  authorizing  local  communities  to 
establish  teacher  retirement  systems. 


[7] 


Teacher  Retirement  Legislation 

During  the  period  that  has  elapsed  folloAving  its  meeting  in  Minneapolis, 
the  Committee  on  Retirement  Allowances  has  continued  its  contact  with 
school  officials  and  other  persons  interested  in  teacher  retirement  prob¬ 
lems.  The  following  section  presents  information  in  summary  form  on 
the  more  important  legislative  enactments  or  proposals  relating  to  teacher 
retirement  that  have  occurred  since  the  committee’s  1928  report. 

The  data  for  this  summary  were  secured  largely  through  correspondence 
with  state  superintendents,  secretaries  of  state  education  associations,  and 
chairmen  of  retirement  committees.  Some  of  the  material  has  been  taken 
from  related  articles  and  reports  appearing  in  recent  issues  of  state  educa¬ 
tional  journals.  It  would  have  been  impractical  to  attempt  to  cover  all 
aspects  of  the  teacher  retirement  movement,  or  to  give  detailed  considera¬ 
tion  to  the  situation  in  any  one  state.  On  the  basis  of  later  reports  from 
state  legislatures  still  in  session  at  the  time  this  report  was  printed,  it  may 
be  necessary  to  make  some  additions  to,  or  minor  revisions  in,  the  follow¬ 
ing  summary.  The  committee  will  appreciate  notification  of  any  errors 
that  may  be  present  in  the  succeeding  discussion. 

Legislation  affecting  state-wide  teacher  retirement  systems. — At  recent 
state  legislative  sessions  a  number  of  measures  were  enacted  affecting  in 
varying  degrees  the  state  teacher  retirement  systems  of  Connecticut,  In¬ 
diana,  Maine,  Michigan,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  and  Vermont.  The  prin¬ 
cipal  features  of  the  more  important  of  these  acts  are  outlined  below : 

Connecticut.  Among  amendments  made  in  1929  to  the  state  teachers’ 
retirement  system  of  Connecticut  were  the  following: 

1.  The  time  in  which  teachers  in  service  at  date  of  enactment  may  apply  for 
membership  in  the  retirement  association  is  restricted  to  June  30,  1931. 

2.  Retirement  at  age  sixty  may  be  had  on  the  basis  of  twenty  years’  service  in¬ 
stead  of  fifteen,  and  upon  payment  of  five  annual  assessments  to  the  annuity 
fund. 

3.  Members  must  have  paid  five  annual  assessments  to  the  annuity  fund  and 
must  have  had  twenty  years  of  service,  instead  of  fifteen,  to  receive  an  additional 
pension  for  prior  service  and  to  be  granted  an  additional  sum  if  the  minimum 
retirement  allowance  is  under  three  hundred  and  fifty  dollars. 

4.  The  pension  for  disability  is  not  to  exceed  a  pension  granted  under  any  pro¬ 
vision  other  than  for  disability. 

5.  A  teacher  employed  after  July  1,  1929,  may  receive  credit  for  service  out¬ 
side  the  state  not  to  exceed  ten  years,  providing  he  pays  amount  due  annuity  fund 
for  such  service  with  interest. 

Indiana.  Provisions  were  added  in  1929  to  the  Indiana  state  teachers’ 
retirement  fund  law  whereby :  ( 1 )  Receipts  are  to  be  issued  to  teachers 
for  salary  deductions  to  account  of  the  state  teachers’  retirement  fund ; 
and  (2)  township  trustees  and  treasurers  of  school  cities  and  towns  are 
made  liable  for  failure  to  deduct,  report,  and  pay  over  such  deductions 
to  the  state  teachers’  retirement  fund  board. 


[8] 


Maine.  The  1929  state  legislature  made  the  following  changes  in  the 
non-contributory  teacher  retirement  law: 

1.  Pensions  were  increased  as  follows: 

The  annual  pension  received  from  the  state  by  teachers  of  thirty-five  years' 
experience  was  raised  from  $400  to  $500;  that  of  teachers  with  thirty  years’  ex¬ 
perience  from  $325  to  $375;  and  for  teachers  of  twenty-five  years’  experience  rrorn 
$250  to  $275. 

2.  Provision  was  also  made  whereby  teachers  age  fifty,  who  are  totally  dis¬ 
abled  and  have  no  other  means  of  support,  upon  complying  with  conditions  of  the 
law  relative  to  length  of  experience  and  state  service,  may  be  granted  a  pension 
determined  by  length  of  service. 

Membership  in  the  joint-contributory  teacher  retirement  system  was 
made  compulsory  for  all  teachers  with  six  years’  state  service  who  began 
teaching  after  the  joint-contributory  system  went  into  effect,  and  were  thus 
rendered  ineligible  for  benefits  under  the  non-contributory  retirement  law. 

Michigan.  The  IVIichigan  state  teacher  retirement  law,  inadvertently 
repealed  by  the  1927  state  legislature,  was  re-enacted  in  1929. 

Ohio.  By  recent  act  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature,  teachers  who  have 
withdrawn  their  money  from  the  state  teachers’  retirement  fund  may  re¬ 
deposit  it  with  interest,  and  be  restored  to  their  former  status,  providing 
such  re-deposit  is  made  prior  to  January  1,  1930. 

Pennsylvania.  An  enactment  of  1929  makes  pensions  payable  to 
teachers  with  fifteen  years’  service  who  had  retired  before  the  state  school 
employees’  retirement  law  became  effective,  the  sum  of  $150,000  being  pro¬ 
vided  for  such  pensions.  Under  another  act,  full  credit  is  also  to  be  given 
contributors  for  years  in  service  of  the  United  States  during  the  World 
War. 

Vermont.  Amendments  to  the  state  teacher  retirement  law  were  made 
in  1929  as  follows : 

1.  A  minimum  average  annual  allowance  of  $200  is  provided  for  superannua¬ 
tion  or  disability  retirement. 

2.  Teachers  who  retired  prior  to  enactment  of  the  state  teacher  retirement 
system  may  be  granted  pensions. 

3.  The  retirement  board  may  drop  members  whose  dues  are  in  arrears  two 
\ears  or  more,  the  teacher’s  contributions  to  be  refunded,  with  interest. 

Proposed  changes  in  state-wide  teacher  retirement  laws. — In  a  number 
of  states  a  movement  has  been  in  progress  toward  ( 1 )  Reorganization  of 
existing  state-wide  teacher  retirement  laws,  or  (2)  amendment  of  certain 
provisions  of  these  laws.  Three  states,  California,  Minnesota,  and  Mon¬ 
tana,  which  may  be  classed  with  the  first  group,  had  teacher  retirement 
measures  before  legislative  sessions  of  1929. 

In  the  movement  for  revision  of  the  California  state  teachers’  retire¬ 
ment  salary  fund  law,  considerable  attention  was  given  S.  B.  No.  673,  a 
bill  introduced  in  the  1929  state  legislature.  Defeat  of  this  measure,  one 
that  would  in  general  have  amplified  the  present  law,  was  largely  due  to 


[9] 


the  fact  that  it  did  not  seem  to  offer  a  permanent  solution  of  the  problem. 

The  California  Public  School  Teachers’  Retirement  Salary  Commission,  ap¬ 
pointed  in  1927  to  investigate  the  retirement  problem,  recently  issued  a 
report.  A  mass  of  statistical  information  has  been  assembled  with  which  to 
evaluate  retirement  plans  for  that  state.  Two  minor  acts  relating  to  the 
state  teacher  retirement  salary  fund  law  were  enacted  in  1929  and  sent  to  the 
governor  for  signature. 

A  reorganization  of  the  present  Minnesota  state  teachers’  insurance  and 
retirement  fund  law  was  attempted  at  the  1929  state  legislature.  While 
the  measure  was  not  passed,  progress  is  reported.  An  attempt  to  reorgan¬ 
ize  the  state  teachers’  retirement  salary  fund  law  in  Montana  was  also  unsuc¬ 
cessful,  although  considerable  publicity  was  given  the  matter. 

A  retirement  committee  of  the  Washington  Education  Association  is 
working  under  actuarial  advice  to  prepare  a  modern  teacher  retirement 
plan  for  presentation  at  the  1931  state  legislature.  Following  completion 
of  the  study  of  the  actuarial  data  assembled  for  Washington,  a  retirement 
bill  is  to  be  drafted. 

The  North  Dakota  state  legislature  of  1929  authorized  the  governor  to 
appoint  a  committee  to  study  the  present  state  teachers’  insurance  and  re¬ 
tirement  fund  law.  In  Michigan,  tentative  proposals  for  a  new  teacher 
retirement  law  have  been  circulated  for  discussion.  A  commission  has 
also  been  appointed  from  the  legislature  to  study  the  teacher  retirement  situa¬ 
tion  and  recommend  a  new  law,  if  necessary,  at  the  next  session.  Pro¬ 
posals  to  provide  a  new  retirement  law  for  teachers  in  Virginia  are  under 
discussion. 

At  recent  legislative  sessions  amendments  were  proposed  to  state-wide 
teacher  retirement  laws  in  Arizona,  Massachusetts,  and  Wisconsin.  An 
amendment  to  the  state  teacher  retirement  law  in  Arizona,  placing  emphasis 
on  years  of  service  rather  than  age  attained,  was  passed  by  the  senate  but  re¬ 
ceived  no  action  upon  going  to  the  house  committee.  This  bill  would  have 
made  it  possible  for  pensions  to  be  augmented  by  local  pension  funds.  In 
Massachusetts,  an  act  to  increase  certain  amounts  payable  under  the  teachers’ 
retirement  law  was  passed  by  the  house  and  has  been  before  the  senate. 

Several  bills  affecting  the  administration  of  the  Wisconsin  state  teacher 
retirement  system  have  been  proposed  to  the  recent  legislative  session ;  final 
word  on  these  bills  has  not  been  received. 

Legislation  in  states  with  state  teacher  retirement  laws  of  limited  ap¬ 
plication. — An  act  to  create  a  teachers’  retirement  system  for  Kentucky, 
passed  by  the  1928  legislature  in  that  state,  has  not  yet  been  put  into  op¬ 
eration.  In  Delaware  a  bill  to  provide  for  a  state  teachers’  retirement  sys¬ 
tem  was  defeated  at  a  recent  legislative  session.  A  concurrent  resolution, 
however,  was  passed  by  the  legislature  of  this  state  authorizing  the  gover¬ 
nor  to  appoint  a  committee  to  investigate  the  teacher  retirement  problem, 
with  special  reference  as  to  whether  Delaware  could  afford  a  teacher  re¬ 
tirement  system.  ' 


[10] 


The  retirement  committee  of  the  Louisiana  Teachers’  Association  has 
spent  considerable  time  in  preliminary  work  to  create  favorable  sentiment 
among  teachers  and  public  toward  a  state-wide  teacher  retirement  law. 
It  is  reported  that  this  committee  has  decided  to  employ  an  actuary  pre¬ 
paratory  to  introducing  a  measure  in  a  future  session  of  the  state  legisla¬ 
ture.  The  Nebraska  State  Teachers’  Association  has  conducted  a  campaign 
of  education  and  information  on  teacher  retirement.  The  teacher  retirement 
law  effective  in  Omaha  was  amended  in  1929  to  provide  that  a  teacher  who 
under  the  former  provision  would  have  been  retired  after  forty  years  of 
service,  shall  not  be  compulsorily  retired  upon  completing  this  period  of 
service  unless  he  has  reached  age  sixty-five. 

The  Georgia  Education  Association  is  giving  attention  to  the  teacher 
retirement  problem.  Certain  features  intended  to  strengthen  the  teacher 
retirement  law  operating  in  Atlanta  may  be  presented  at  this  year’s  legisla¬ 
tive  session. 

Legislatio7i  in  states  without  a  state-established  teacher  retirement  yv.s'- 
tem. — Teacher  retirement  problems  have  received  considerable  attention  in 
practically  all  of  the  states  without  a  state-established  teacher  retirement 
system.  In  general,  recent  retirement  activities  of  these  states  have  taken 
the  following  forms:  (1)  Attempts  to  secure  enactment  of  state-wide 
teacher  retirement  laws;  (2)  amendment  of  existing  permissive  retirement 
laws;  (3)  study  of  the  teacher  retirement  situation  in  the  state,  or  at¬ 
tempts  to  secure  funds  for  this  purpose. 

Bills  to  establish  state-wide  teacher  retirement  systems  were  introduced 
at  the  1929  legislative  sessions  of  Colorado,  New  Hampshire,  New  Mexico, 
Oklahoma,  Utah,  and  West  Virginia.  Owing  to  a  variety  of  causes,  none 
of  these  bills  were  enacted.  However,  the  first  two  states,  at  least,  report 
progress  in  creating  interest  in  the  matter. 

Permissive  state  laws  affecting  teacher  retirement  were  altered  in  three 
states.  In  Colorado,  the  retirement  fund  levy  authorized  for  school  dis¬ 
tricts  of  the  first  class  was  increased  from  one-fifth  of  a  mill  to  two-fifths. 
By  another  act  employees  of  school  districts  of  the  first  class  with  a  school 
population  of  30,000  or  more  having  a  teachers’  retirement  fund,  may  re¬ 
ceive  payments  from  the  Board  of  Education  upon  retirement,  as  do  the 
teachers.  In  Iowa,  the  state  law  permitting  cities  of  75,000  or  over  to 
establish  a  teacher  retirement  fund  was  amended  to  include  cities  of  25,100 
or  more.  The  Oregon  state  legislature  of  1929  passed  a  new  Enabling  Act 
to  place  the  Teachers’  Retirement  Fund  Association  operating  in  Portland 
on  a  more  substantial  basis. 

Active  interest  in  study  of  retirement  problems  has  been  shown  by  vari¬ 
ous  state  teachers’  associations.  The  Colorado  Education  Association  has 
authorized  a  committee  to  study,  among  other  matters,  sources  of  revenue 
for  the  proposed  teacher  retirement  measure.  In  Kansas  the  state  teachers’ 
association  has  appropriated  $2000  toward  a  study  of  teacher  retirement. 
A  committee  of  the  h'lorida  Education  Association  has  attempted  to  assemble 


data  for  an  actuarial  survey  of  teachers  in  the  state.  The  Florida  state  legis¬ 
lature  has  been  asked  to  appropriate  sums  with  which  ( 1 )  to  pension  certain 
teachers  during  the  succeeding  biennium,  and  (2)  to  finance  the  actuarial 
survey  incident  to  introducing  a  sound  annuity  plan  at  the  1930  session.  The 
Idaho  Education  Association  has  assembled  data  necessary  to  an  actuarial 
study,  and  following  tabulation  of  the  data,  expects  to  employ  an  actuary 
to  outline  the  necessary  provisions  of  a  teacher  retirement  law. 

A  teacher  retirement  plan  was  worked  out  by  a  committee  of  the  Texas 
State  Teachers’  Association.  However,  a  provision  of  the  state  constitu¬ 
tion  prevents  state  participation  in  a  teacher  retirement  fund.  A  commit¬ 
tee  to  draft  a  constitutional  amendment  has  been  appointed. 

Attention  has  also  been  given  this  matter  by  state  teachers’  associations 
in  Oregon,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  and  Wyoming. 

In  IVIississippi  a  legislative  committee,  appointed  in  1928,  is  studying  the 
matter,  preparatory  to  reporting  at  the  1930  session. 

Legislatio7i  affecting  city  teacher  retirement  systems. — A  number  of 
amendments  were  enacted  in  1929  to  the  teacher  retirement  system  operat¬ 
ing  in  New  York  City.  These  amendments  related  in  general  to  provisions 
governing  membership,  compulsory  contributions,  return  to  status  following 
absence,  payment  of  allowances,  dates  upon  which  retirement  and  optional 
benefits  become  effective,  death  benefits,  and  restrictions  on  designation  of 
beneficiaries. 

The  teacher  retirement  system  formerly  in  effect  in  Bellingham,  Wash¬ 
ington,  has  merged  with  the  state  fund.  Negotiations  are  now  under  way 
which  may  result  in  the  incorporation  into  the  state  system  of  the  other 
local  teacher  retirement  systems  in  Washington. 

Amendments  were  adopted  in  June,  1928,  to  the  San  Francisco  City 
Employees’  Retirement  System  following  an  actuarial  investigation  of  the 
experience  of  the  system  over  a  five-year  period. 

Final  reports  have  not  yet  been  received  in  regard  to  legislative  pro¬ 
posals  affecting  certain  additional  city  teacher  retirement  systems. 

Legislation  in  certain  territories. — As  noted  in  a  previous  section,  an  act 
was  passed  in  the  1929  legislature  of  the  Territory  of  Alaska,  creating  a 
pension  system  for  teachers  in  that  territory.  Payment  of  pensions  under 
this  system  is  to  commence  on  or  after  October  1,  1930.  In  1929,  legislation 
was  enacted  modifying  the  retirement  system  for  employees,  including 
teachers,  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii.  The  teachers’  pension  laws  in  effect 
in  the  Philippine  Islands  and  Porto  Rico  were  recently  amended.  In  regard 
to  the  teacher  retirement  problem  in  the  Virgin  Islands,  a  proposed  pension 
law  has  been  drafted  and  the  matter  of  costs  studied. 


[12] 


Selected  Annotated  Bibliography  of  Recent  Literature  on 

Teacher  Retirement  Systems 

The  following  selected  bibliography  on  teacher  retirement  systems  aims 
to  bring  uptodate  the  bibliographies  previously  published  by  the  Commit¬ 
tee  on  Retirement  Allowances  of  the  National  Education  Association.  The 
latest  of  these  bibliographies  appeared  in  the  1928  report  of  the  commit¬ 
tee,  and  covered,  in  general,  the  period  1926-28. 

The  list  of  references  presented  below  aims  to  include  the  most  perti¬ 
nent  material  published  since  that  time,  and,  in  addition,  valuable  sources 
of  information  on  the  subject  not  listed  in  former  reports  of  the  com¬ 
mittee.  It  contains  reference  to  general  discussions  of  the  problem,  and 
to  some  of  the  material  issued  in  connection  with  teacher  retirement  sys¬ 
tems  or  campaigns  in  a  few  of  the  states. 

For  previous  literature  on  teacher  retirement  and  related  topics,  refer¬ 
ence  should  be  made  to  issues  of  the  Research  Bulletin  of  the  National  Ed¬ 
ucation  Association  for  May,  1928,  p.  191-2,  195-201,  and  May,  1926, 
p.  157-60;  also,  to  a  selected,  annotated  bibliography  on  Teacher  Retire¬ 
ment  Systems,  issued  in  March,  1929,  by  the  Research  Division  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Education  Association. 

General  Theory  and  Development 

1.  Almack^  John  C.  and  Lang^  Albert  R.  Problems  of  the  Teaching 
Profession.  Houghton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston,  Mass.,  1925.  Chap¬ 
ter  14,  “Teachers’  Pensions,”  p.  255-72. 

Considers  pension  a  means  of  developing  efficiency,  and  reward  for  good 
service.  Reviews  development  of  pension  systems,  discussing  problems  related’ 
to  their  administration,  benefits,  and  financial  support. 

2.  Berkey^  J.  M.  “The  Retired  Teacher’s  Future.”  Pennsylvania 
School  Journal  77:413-14;  March,  1929. 

Raises  problem  of  how  superannuated  public  school  teachers  may  make  their 
years  of  ex-service  most  satisfying. 

3.  “Considering  the  Teachers  Retirement  Fund.”  School  and  Community 
15:112;  February,  1929. 

Deals  with  development  of  retirement  provisions  for  teachers  and  other 
employed  groups. 

4.  Epstein^  Abraham.  The  Challenge  of  the  Aged.  IMacy-lVIasius :  The 
Vanguard  Press,  New  York,  1928.  435  p. 

Deals  with  causes  and  extent  of  old  age  dependency,  movement  for  old  age 
security  in  the  United  States,  and  pension  systems  abroad.  On  p.  175-9  gives 
general  discussion  of  teacher  retirement  funds. 

5.  Fleming^  S.  E.  “T.  he  Retirement  Fund — An  Efficiency  Pleasure.” 
Washington  Education  Journal  8:208-9;  March,  1929. 

Presents  reasons  for  a  teachers’  retirement  system  from  standpoint  of  state. 
Believes  its  one  purpose  improvement  of  school  service  to  children  of  state. 


6.  Fleming^  S.  E.  “Sources  of  Support  of  the  New  Retirement  Plan.’’ 
JVashiugton  Ediifation  Journal  8:111-12;  December,  1928. 

Deals  with  matter  of  contributions  from  teachers  and  state  to  retirement 
fund.  Concludes  with  information  on  this  point  concerning  proposed  state 
teacher  retirement  plan  in  Washington  State. 

7.  Hendon^  Telfair.  “Teacher  Retirement.”  New  Mexico  School  Re¬ 
view  8:20-1  ;  February,  1929. 

Discusses  development  and  basic  principles  of  teacher  retirement  systems. 
“After  all,  the  most  important  benefits  from  teacher  retirement  are  to  the 
public  in  saving  and  increased  efficiency.” 

8.  Hendricks^  E.  L.  “Pensions  for  Teachers.”  Missouri  School  Journal 
47  :12-13  ;  January,  1929. 

Favors  pensioning  of  teachers.  Points  out  that  “private  industry  invests 
millions  in  retirement  plans  and  counts  it  good  business.” 

9.  McCahan,  David.  State  Insurance  in  the  United  States.  University 
of  Pennsylvania  Press,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1929.  Chapter  10,  “Pension 
Funds,”  p.  137-75. 

Includes  discussion  and  tabular  data  descriptive  of  certain  provisions  of 
state  teachers’  and  state  employees’  retirement  funds- 

National  Education  Association,  1201  Sixteenth  Street,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. 

10.  National  Council  of  Teachers’  Retirement  Systems.  Proceedings  of 
the  Sixth  Annual  Meeting.  Cleveland,  Ohio,  February  25-7,  1929. 

Includes,  along  with  historical  statement  concerning  the  Council,  discussions 
of  teacher  retirement  systems  from  viewpoint  of  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Educa¬ 
tion,  a  state  commissioner  of  education,  and  the  tax-paying  public.  Pre¬ 
sents,  among  other  matters,  data  on  options  and  the  movement  for  adequate 
teacher  retirement  systems. 

11.  Carr,  William  G.  “Lawmakers  Consider  Teachers’  Needs  in  State 
Legislatures.”  News  Bulletin  of  the  Depart?nent  of  Classroom  Teachers 
of  the  National  Education  Association  2:3;  May,  1929. 

Shows  several  states  to  be  working  toward  enactment  or  amendment  of 
teacher  retirement  laws. 

12.  Norton,  John  K.  “Profession  Reports  Progress  in  Teacher  Retire¬ 
ment  Provision.”  News  Bulletin  af  the  Department  of  Classroom 
Teachers  2:3;  October,  1928. 

General  discussion  of  status  and  objectives  of  teacher  retirement  movement. 

13.  Research  Bulletin  of  the  National  Education  Association.  “The  Ad¬ 
vance  of  the  Teacher  Retirement  Movement.”  6:149-204;  IVlay,  1928. 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Retirement  Allowances  of  the  National  Education 
Association.  Includes  extension  and  revision  of  fundamental  principles  of 
teachers’  retirement  systems  previously  stated  by  Committee.  Presents  data  on 
teacher  retirement  movement  in  each  state,  provisions  of  selected  laws,  and 
bibliographical  material. 


✓ 


[1+] 


14.  Retirement  Allowances  and  Insurance  for  the  Headquarters  Staff  of  the 
National  Education  Association.  National  Education  Association. 
May,  1929.  6  p.  mimeo. 

Explanation  of  provisions  and  operation  of  retirement  annuity  and  group 
life  insurance  plan  for  headquarters  staff  of  National  Education  Association. 

15.  Teacher  Retirement  Systems.  A  Selected  and  Annotated  Bibliography. 
Research  Division  of  the  National  Education  Association.  March, 
1929.  9  p.  mimeo. 

Forty-eight  references  on  teacher  retirement  and  related  topics.  Selected  on 
basis  of  availability,  and  usefulness  in  securing  working  knowledge  of  subject. 

16.  Pyrtle^  E.  Ruth.  “Efficient  Teaching  and  a  Retirement  System.” 
School  and  Society  28:591-92;  November  10,  1928. 

Deals  with  value  of  teacher  retirement  systems.  “Better  efficiency  in  our 
schools  is  the  strongest  argument  teachers  have  to  give  the  tax-paying  public 
for  teacher  retirement  systems.” 

17.  Ray^  Mabel  Barth.  “Educational  Pensions  Abroad.”  Educational 
Review  76:113-18;  September,  1928. 

Deals  with  pensioning  of  public  school  teachers  in  England,  France,  and 
Germany. 

18.  “The  Retiring  Age.”  Journal  of  Education  108  :128  ;  August  27,  1928. 

Finds  problem  of  fixing  an  age  limit  for  school  service  complex. 

19.  Roch^  Jennie.  “Need  for  a  Retirement  System.”  Journal  of  the 
I^ouisiana  Teachers'  Association  6:20-1  ;  March,  1929. 

Discusses  desirability  of  sound  teacher  retirement  systems.  “It  must  be  made 
clear  that  investment  in  a  pension  system  represents  a  wise  and  economical 
use  of  public  money.” 

20.  Roch^  Jennie.  “What  Is  a  Teachers’  Retirement  Fund?”  Journal 
of  the  Louisiana  Teachers'  Association  6:9-10;  April,  1929. 

Discusses  certain  characteristics  of  a  teachers’  retirement  fund,  including 
problem  of  teachers  with  prior-service  records. 

21.  “Teachers’  Retirement  Allowances.”  American  Educational  Digest 
48:180-81;  December,  1928. 

Deals  with  extent  of  and  arguments  for  teacher  retirement  systems.  Urges 
teachers  to  take  active  interest  in  the  mov^ement. 

22.  “Teachers’  Salaries.”  fVoman's  Journal  14-27;  January,  1929. 

Believes  that  teachers  with  pension  privileges  have  advantage  over  office 
women  who  have,  for  a  time,  higher  salaries,  but  lack  security. 


23.  Trusler^  Harry  Raymond.  Essentials  of  School  Law.  Bruce  Pub¬ 
lishing  Company,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1927.  Chapter  7,  “Pensions  for 
Teachers.”  p.  226-38. 

Presents  cases  of  school  law  relating  to  financial  basis,  repeal,  scope,  and 
other  aspects  of  teacher  retirement  laws. 

24.  United  States  Department  of  the  Interior,  Bureau  of  Education.  Bien¬ 
nial  Survey  of  Education  1922-24.  Bulletin,  1926,  No.  23.  Govern¬ 
ment  Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.  p.  316-17. 

Found  tendency  during  period  to  liberalize  retirement  plans,  and  to  organize 
them  on  sound  actuarial  basis.  Pension  problems  seemed  to  receive  more  atten¬ 
tion  of  legislatures  than  salaries  or  tenure. 

25.  United  States  Department  of  the  Interior,  Bureau  of  Education.  Teach¬ 
ers'  Retirement  and  Pension  Systems.  Bureau  of  Education,  Washing¬ 
ton,  D.  C.  June,  1926.  5  p.  mimeo. 

Bibliography  on  teacher  retirement.  Lists  some  of  the  material  that  appeared 
during  1916-26. 

26.  U.  S.  Department  of  Labor,  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics.  Public  Serv¬ 
ice  Retirement  Systems  (United  States,  Canada,  and  Europe.)  Jan¬ 
uary,  1929.  Bulletin  No.  477.  Government  Printing  Office,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  1929.  Chapter  5,  “State  and  City  Retirement  Systems 
for  Teachers.”  p.  76-117.  See  Monthly  Labor  Review  27  :15-26;  July, 
1928,  for  part  of  material. 

Reports  data  from  survey  made  by  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  in  1927. 
Covers  state-wide  and  a  number  of  city  teacher  retirement  systems.  Outlines 
principal  features  of  systems  studied,  and  gives  comparative  tables. 

27.  Waney,  Anne  R.  “Reasons  for  a  Teacher  Retirement  Fund.”  School 
and  Community  14:606,  608;  December,  1928. 

Considers  teacher  retirement  fund  desirable  from  economic,  social,  and  edu¬ 
cational  standpoints.  ‘‘Economically,  no  school  system  of  a  large  city  is  com¬ 
pletely  effective,  unless  there  is  a  sound  and  satisfactory  method  of  retiring 
aged  teachers  with  the  consequent  freedom  from  anxiety.” 

28.  Women's  Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  Department  of  Research. 
Old-Age  Support  of  Women  Teachers.  The  Union,  264  Boylston 
Street,  Boston,  Mass.,  1921.  122  p. 

Gives  data  on  provisions  for  old-age  support  made  by  teachers  in  Massa¬ 
chusetts,  and  living  conditions  of  retired  Boston  teachers. 

Teacher  Retirement  in  Certain  States  and  Cities 

29.  “A  Brief  History  of  the  Public  School  Teachers’  Retirement  Fund 
of  Detroit  and  Its  Benefits.”  Detroit  Educational  Bulletin  11:4-5; 
June,  1928. 

Gives  data  on  benefits  and  establishment  of  retirement  fund  for  public 
school  teachers  in  Detroit- 


[16] 


30.  Board  of  Trustees,  hirst  Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  Teachers^  Retirement  System  of  the  State  of  Alaryland ,  Together 
with  Report  of  the  Actuary  on  the  First  Valuation  of  Its  Assets  and 
Liabilities.  August  1,  1927,  to  July  31,  1928.  Baltimore,  Md.,  1929. 
p.  2-5. 

Includes  brief  description  of  teacher  retirement  system. 

31.  California  Public  School  Teachers’  Retirement  Salary  Commission. 
(Alexander  R.  Heron,  Chairman.)  Report.  California  State  Printing 
Office,  Sacramento,  Calif.,  1929.  64  p. 

With  description  of  status  of  teacher  retirement  legislation  in  California, 
and  related  problems,  presents  proposals  embodying  general  policies  of  Retire¬ 
ment  Salary  Commission.  Includes  minority  report. 

32.  California  State  Department  of  Education.  1927  Edition  of  Circular 
of  Information  Regarding  Teachers’  Retirement  Salary  Law.  Public 
School  Teachers’  Retirement  Salary  Fund  Board.  Sacramento,  Calif., 
1927.  13  p. 

Information  on  California  teacher  retirement  law.  Includes  tabular  digest  of 
system,  p.  3. 

33.  Colorado  Education  Association,  Retirement  Fund  Committee.  (Alma 
Krusen,  Chairman.)  “Report  of  the  Committee  on  Retirement  Allow¬ 
ances  for  the  Colorado  Education  Association.”  Colorado  School  Jour¬ 
nal  44:23-6;  January,  1929. 

Describes  activities  of  Committee  on  Retirement  Allowances  of  Colorado 
Education  Association,  appointed  to  study  need  for  retirement  legislation,  and 
to  formulate  a  bill  providing  for  a  sound  state  teacher  retirement  system. 

34.  Colorado  Education  Association,  Retirement  Fund  Committee.  “Why 
a  Teacher  Retirement  System  for  the  State  of  Colorado?”  Bulletin  of 
the  Colorado  E.ducatio7i  Association  2:1-20;  February,  1929.  Denver, 
Colo. 

Data  on  provisions  of  retirement  plan  proposed  for  Colorado  teachers. 

35.  Detroit  Bureau  of  Governmental  Research,  Inc.  The  Teachers’  Re¬ 
tirement  Fund.  Prepared  at  request  of  Public  School  Teachers  Retire¬ 
ment  Fund  Trustees.  Report  No.  108.  Detroit,  Alich.,  IMay,  1928. 

21  p. 

Includes  data  on  provisions  and  financial  status  of  Detroit  Teachers’  Retire¬ 
ment  Fund. 

36.  Employees’  Retirement  System  of  the  City  of  Baltimore.  Second  An¬ 
nual  Report.  Employees’  Retirement  System  of  the  City  of  Baltimore. 
Baltimore,  Md.,  1927.  p.  13-15. 

Summarizes  benefit  and  contribution  provisions  of  retirement  plan  effecti\e 
for  employees  of  Baltimore,  including  teachers. 

[  17  1 


37.  EmplojTes’  Retirement  System  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii.  Third 
Annual  Report,  June  30,  1928.  Publication  No.  6.  Employees  Re¬ 
tirement  System  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii.  Honolulu,  T.  H.,  1929. 
p.  7-12. 

Outlines  provisions  of  employees’  retirement  system  relating  to  benefits  and 
contributions. 

38.  Gildemeister^  Theda.  “Why  the  Retirement  Fund  Should  Pass.” 
Alinnesota  Journal  of  Education  9:782-3;  March,  1929. 

Favors  passage  of  teacher  retirement  bill  proposed  for  Minnesota,  as  a 
means  of  raising  professional  standards  and  as  an  economical  measure. 

39.  Illinois  State  Teachers’  Pension  and  Retirement  Fund,  Board  of  • 
Trustees.  Thirteenth  Annual  Report,  for  the  Year  Ended  June  30, 
1928.  Pension  Document  Number  Thirteen.  Board  of  Trustees. 
Springfield,  Ill.,  1928.  p.  8-9. 

Presents  data  on  Illinois  state  teachers’  pension  and  retirement  fund. 

40.  Louisiana  Teachers’  Association,  Committee  on  a  Teacher  Retirement 
System  for  Louisiana.  (P.  C.  Rogers^  Jr.^  Chairman.)  Report,  Lou¬ 
isiana  Teachers’  Association.  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  1926.  7  p. 

Discusses  desirability  of  sound  teacher  retirement  system  for  Louisiana,  and 
underlying  principles. 

41.  Massachusetts  Teachers  Federation.  The  Public  Schools  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts:  Questions  and  Ansiuers.  Massachusetts  Teachers  Federation, 
15  Ashburton  Place,  Boston,  Alass.  XV  Teachers  Retirement  System, 
p.  13-14.  (Reprint  from  Cornnion  Ground.) 

Answers  general  questions  on  operation  of  Massachusetts  state  teachers’ 
retirement  system. 

42.  Michigan  Education  Association.  Sujnmary  of  the  Proposed  New  Bill 
for  a  Michigan  Teachers^  Retirement  System,  Together  With  a  Series 
of  Questions  and  Answers  on  the  Bill.  (Prepared  by  Dr.  James  W. 
Glover.)  Michigan  Education  Association.  Lansing,  Alich.  Octo¬ 
ber,  1928.  14  p. 

Gives  information  on  bill  to  provide  new  retirement  plan  for  Michigan  public 
school  teachers. 

43.  ^Minnesota  Education  Association.  Education  Measures  Supported  by 
Minnesota  Education  Association.  Bulletin  No.  5.  Minnesota  Educa¬ 
tion  Association.  St.  Paul,  Minn.  January,  1927.  p.  4-19. 

Data  on  bill  to  reorganize  Minnesota  state  teachers’  retirement  system- 

44.  Alontana  Education  Association,  Committee  on  Retirement  Legisla¬ 
tion.  (Payne  Templeton,  Chairman.)  PFhy  House  Bill  222 f  Mon¬ 
tana  Education  Association.  Helena,  Mont.,  1929.  4  p. 

Gives  data  on  retirement  plan  proposed  for  Montana  teachers. 


[18] 


45.  Montana  Education  Association.  Why  a  Sound  Retirement  Law  for 
Teachers,  With  Some  Questions  on  the  New  Bill  Drawn  on  Actuarial 
Lines.  Montana  Education  Association.  Helena,  Mont.,  January, 
1927.  10  p. 

Presents  reasons  for  retirement  legislation,  with  data  on  proposed  teacher 
retirement  measure  for  Montana  and  the  retirement  law  now  in  effect  for 
that  state. 

46.  Nebraska  State  Teachers  Association,  Committee  on  Teachers’  Retire¬ 
ment.  (O.  A.  Wirsig,  Chairman.)  “Report  of  Committee  on  Teach¬ 
ers’  Retirement.”  Nebraska  Educational  Journal  9:21-2;  January, 
1929. 

Gives  information  on  program  of  retirement  committee  of  state  teachers’ 
association.  Committee  believed  campaign  of  information  and  education  must 
precede  teacher  retirement  legislation. 

47.  New  York  State  Teachers  Retirement  System.  Circular  of  Information 
for  Teachers.  New  York  State  Teachers  Retirement  System.  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  January,  1928.  7  p. 

Gives  data  on  membership  and  service  credit,  requirements  for  retirement, 
and  retirement  allowances,  under  state  teachers’  retirement  system. 

48.  Spokane  Teachers’  Retirement  Fund,  Board  of  Trustees.  Report  to 
M  embers  of  the  Spokane  Teachers'  Retirement  Fund.  Board  of 
Trustees,  Spokane  Teachers  Retirement  Fund.  Spokane,  Wash.,  1927. 
7  p.  mimeo. 

Outlines  provisions  for  retirement  of  teachers.  Gives  financial  statement 
for  1927-28  and  comparative  tables  on  operation  of  fund  since  organization  in 
May,  1920. 

49.  Savage,  Howard  J.  and  Cogswell,  Edmund  S.  A  Retirement  Plan 
for  Colorado  Public  Schools.  Bulletin  Number  22,  Carnegie  Founda¬ 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Teaching.  522  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
City.  1928.  72  p. 

Outline  and  discussion  of  teacher  retirement  plan  proposed  for  Colorado 
public  schools,  with  actuarial  and  financial  data. 

50.  State  Teachers  Retirement  System  of  Ohio.  (W.  E.  Kershner,  Sec.) 
Report  of  the  State  Teachers  Retirement  System  of  Ohio.  September 
1,  1925,  to  August  31,  1927.  Columbus,  Ohio,  1928.  p.  24-8. 

Explains  general  plan  of  Ohio  state  teachers  retirement  system. 

51.  Washington  Education  Association,  Retirement  Fund  Committee.  (S. 
E.  Fleming,  Chairman.)  Report.  Washington  Education  Association. 
Seattle,  \Vashington,  October  22,  1928.  4  p. 

Gives  information  on  new  retirement  fund  law  proposed  for  teachers  in 
Washington  state.  Shows  plan  of  organization  adopted  for  promoting  teacher 
retirement  movement. 


[19] 


52.  “What  Is  a  Retirement  System?”  Nebraska  Educational  Journal 
8:516-7;  October,  1928. 

Catechism  dealing  with  nature  and  administration  of  a  teacher  retirement 
system. 

53.  AVisconsin  State  Retirement  System,  Annuity  Board.  Analysis  of 
W  isconsin  s  State  Retirement  Law  Amended  in  1923)  for  the 
Public  Schools,  iSormal  Schools,  and  University.  Wisconsin  State 
Retirement  System,  Annuity  Board.  Madison,  Wis.  36  p. 

Text  and  analysis  of  Wisconsin’s  state  teacher  retirement  law. 

54.  Wyoming  State  Teachers  Association,  Retirement  Committee.  The 
Teacher  Retirement  Movement  in  Wyoming.  Wyoming  State  Teach¬ 
ers  Association,  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  1928.  4  p. 

Reviews  work  of  retirement  committee,  and  points  out  significance  of  teacher 
retirement  movement- 


COMMITTEE  ON  RETIREMENT  ALLOWANCES 


(Authorized  by  Representative  Assembly) 


E.  Ruth  Pyrtle,  Chairman,  Principal,  Ban¬ 
croft  School,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Mary  M.  Abbe,  6619  Lafayette  Avenue, 
Chicago,  Ill. 

Fred  M.  Alexander,  Principal,  High  School, 
Newport  News,  Va. 

Mabel  Lee  Alvarez,  15  North  Reed  Ave¬ 
nue,  Mobile,  Ala. 

H.  H.  Baish,  Secretary,  School  Employees 
Retirement  Board,  South  Office  Building, 
711  West  2nd  Street,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Mary  R.  Barnette,  Hughes  High  School, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Mamie  Bastian,  Principal,  Crockett  School, 
Houston,  Texas. 

W.  J.  Bickett,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Trenton,  N.  J. 

C.  Louise  Boehringer,  Editor,  Arizona 
Teacher,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Ira  J.  Bright,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Leavenworth,  Kan. 

Pauline  E.  Brooker,  1429  Laurel  Street,  Co¬ 
lumbia,  S.  C. 

E.  W.  Butterfield,  State  Commissioner  of 
Education,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Philip  E.  Carlson,  Minnesota  Teachers  Re¬ 
tirement  Fund  Association,  742  Metro¬ 
politan  Bank  Building,  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

Charles  Carroll,  Deputy  Director,  Rhode 
Islan'd  State  Board  for  Vocational  Educa¬ 
tion,  119  State  House,  Providence,  R.  I. 

E.  M.  Carter,  Secretary,  Missouri  State 
Teachers  Association,  Columbia,  Mo. 

S.  M.  Chaney,  Manager,  Division  of  Place¬ 
ment,  California  Teachers  Association, 
2163  Center  Street,  Berkeley,  Calif. 

Charles  H.  Cheney,  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Harold  E.  Chittenden,  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Naugatuck,  Conn. 

H.  V.  Church,  Superintendent,  Morton 
Secondary  Schools,  Cicero,  Illinois. 

R.  O.  Clarida,  Secretary,  Teachers  Pension 
and  Retirement  Fund,  405  Centennial 
Building,  Springfield,  Ill. 


F.  E.  Converse,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Beloit,  Wis. 

Oliver  P.  Cornman,  Associate  Superintend¬ 
ent  of  Schools,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ora  V.  Cowan,  204  Dexter  Avenue,  Mo¬ 
bile,  Ala. 

A.  G.  Crane,  University  of  Wyoming,  Lara¬ 
mie,  Wyo. 

Clarence  H.  Dempsey,  Commissioner  of 
Education,  Montpelier,  Vt. 

A.  H.  Dixon,  Superintendent,  Centralized 
Public  Schools,  District  Number  3,  Tor- 
rington,  Wyo. 

Isabel  L.  Eckels,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 

J.  B.  Edmonson,  University  of  Michigan, 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Armand  J.  Gerson,  Associate  Superintend¬ 
ent  of  Schools,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Bessie  Evans,  1005  McGowan  Street,  Lit¬ 
tle  Rock,  Ark. 

Carrie  B.  Gilmore,  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Wilson  Greer,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Wethersfield,  Conn. 

P.  H.  Griffith,  Secretary  Louisiana  Teach¬ 
ers  Association,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Edith  L.  Grosvenor,  The  Iowa,  Apartment 
73,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Harvey  S.  Gruver,  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Lynn,  Mass. 

Mrs.  C.  H.  Hamill,  104  Henry  Avenue,  El¬ 
kins,  W.  Va. 

Merle  K.  Henry,  Deputy  Superintendent, 
Department  of  Education,  Carson  City, 
Nev. 

Lucy  Hobbs,  Central  High  School,  Sioux 
City,  Iowa. 

Ida  E.  Housman,  A.  J.  Demarest  High 
School,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

H.  Reid  Hunter,  Superintendent  in  Charge 
of  High  Schools,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

H.  M.  Ivy.  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Meridian,  Miss. 

William  B.  Jack,  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Portland,  Me. 


[20] 


G.  B.  Jeffers,  Deputy  Superintendent,  De¬ 
partment  of  Public  Instruction,  Schenec¬ 
tady,  N.  Y. 

John  C.  Johnson,  State  Teachers  College, 
West  Chester,  Pa. 

D.  J.  Kelly,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

Marion  H.  Ketcham,  Box  615,  Sacramento, 
Calif. 

Mrs.  Irene  Kirkptarick,  217  K.  C.  Street, 
Rapid  City,  S.  D. 

K.  J.  Knutson,  843  Central  Building, 
Seattle,  Wash. 

Flora  Krueger,  College  of  Education,  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Wyoming,  Laramie,  Wyo. 

Alma  Krusen,  1345  South  Lafayette  Street, 
Denver,  Colo. 

Edgar  G.  Lantman,  Secretary,  Teachers 
Retirement  Board,  Home  Savings  Bank 
Building,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Josephine  D.  Lockard,  635  Rio  Grande  Ave¬ 
nue,  Raton,  N.  M. 

R.  J.  Longstreet,  Secretary,  Florida  Edu¬ 
cation  Association,  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

Efihe  MacGregor,  Principal,  John  Burroughs 
School,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Mary  McAndrew,  6  Wayne  Street,  Carbon- 
dale,  Pa. 

Elizabeth  McCormick,  Principal,  Timothy 
O.  Howe  School,  Superior,  Wis. 

A.  A.  McDonald,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 

George  A.  McFarland,  President,  State 
Teachers  College,  Minot,  N.  D. 

Jennie  McGown,  Principal,  Union  School, 
Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

A.  C.  Matheson,  Assistant  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah. 

Zillah  May  Meighan,  324  North  Eye  Street, 
Tacoma,  Wash. 

Caroline  E.  Miller,  106  Oglethorpe  Avenue, 
West  Savannah,  Ga. 

Mary  F.  Mooney,  Director,  Texts  and 
Libraries,  City  Hall,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Gertrude  E.  Morgan,  Centerville,  Md. 

Mary  O’Rourke,  421  East  Main  Street, 
Weiser,  Idaho. 

M.  Marian  Park,  1805  Spruce  Street, 
Boulder,  Colo. 

Mabel  G.  Peirce,  301  Fourth  Street,  Fair- 
bault,  Minn. 

George  M.  Pogue,  Superintendent,  Belmont 
County  Schools,  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio. 

Margaret  I.  Poore,  Principal,  McChesney 
School,  Oakland,  Calif. 

Edith  Post,  1548  15th  Avenue,  North, 
Seattle,  Wash. 

Sue  M.  Powers,  County  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

E.  D.  Price,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Enid,  Okla. 

N.  H.  Price,  Principal,  Hemphill  School, 
Birmingham,  Ala. 

George  T.  Ragsdale,  200  Third  Street, 
Louisville,  Ky. 

Joseph  J.  Rapoel,  928  South  22nd  Street, 
Manitowac,  Wis. 

A.  A.  Reed,  University  of  Nebraska,  Lin¬ 
coln,  Neb. 


Mrs.  Harriett  Reiter,  524  Franklin  Street, 
Piqua,  Ohio. 

Jennie  Roch,  Secretary-Treasurer,  Board  of 
Trustees,  Teachers  Retirement  Fund,  Mu¬ 
nicipal  Bldg.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

P.  C.  Rogers,  Jr.,  Principal,  High  School, 
Homer,  La. 

F.  L.  Schlagle,  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Kansas  City,  Kan. 

C.  G.  Schulz,  Secretary,  Minnesota  Educa¬ 
tion  Association,  162  N.  College  Ave.,  St. 
Paul,  Minn. 

William  E.  Sealock,  Dean,  Teachers  Col¬ 
lege,  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln, 
Neb. 

H.  A.  Senter,  Dean  of  the  Faculty,  Central 
High  School,  Omaha,  Neb. 

Dorothy  M.  Shanley,  Secretary,  State 
Teachers  Retirement  Board,  Hartford, 
Conn. 

John  S.  Shilling,  Assistant  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  Dover,  Del. 

Harry  Smalley,  Principal,  John  H.  McDon¬ 
ough  School,  611  June  Street,  Fall  River, 
Mass. 

Leon  O.  Smith,  Assistant  Superintendent 
of  Schools,  Omaha,  Neb. 

Melville  Stewart,  State  Department  of 
Education,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

Ormond  B.  Strong,  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Savannah,  Ga. 

Grace  G.  Swan,  Director,  Primary  Instruc¬ 
tion  and  Elementary  Practice  Teaching, 
Administration  Building,  Bellefield  at 
Forbes,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Payne  Templeton,  Principal,  Flathead 
County  High  School,  Kalispell,  Mont. 

John  A.  Thackston,  Dean,  School  of  Edu¬ 
cation,  University  of  Tennessee,  Knox¬ 
ville,  Tenn. 

Miss  Burke  Thompson,  915  West  Grace 
Street,  Richmond,  Va. 

R.  E.  Tidwell,  State  Superintendent  of 
Education,  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Clifton  A.  Towle,  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Exeter,  N.  H. 

Genevieve  Turk,  Scarritt  School,  Kansas 
City,  Mo. 

Neva  Kinnon  Vance,  Box  568,  Ponca  City. 
Okla. 

M.  Channing  Wagner,  Principal,  Wilming¬ 
ton  High  School,  Wilmington,  Del. 

Mary  A.  Walby,  119  East  Maxwell,  Lex¬ 
ington,  Ky. 

William  R.  Ward,  Director,  Industrial  Fine 
and  Home  Arts,  Administration  Building, 
9  South  Stockton  Street,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

G.  H.  Webling,  541  South  Hotel  Street, 
Honolulu,  T.  H. 

J.  D.  Williams,  Principal,  Avondale 
School,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

L.  A.  Williams,  Principal,'  High  School, 
Caldwell,  Idaho. 

M.  E.  Williams,  Princioal,  Chambers 
School,  East  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

H.  D.  Wolff,  Principal,  Petersburg  High 
School,  Petersburg,  Va. 

Blanche  Young.  Bryant  Junior  High  School, 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

F.  M.  Young,  Principal,  Benson  School, 
Logan,  Utah. 


] 


[21 


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