This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES 3 3433 10013 8910 Maroaret SSA VOL . NO . IV MargaretHaley's 1 28 Chicago, Ill . September 18, 1926 V.4-5 Education by 8,1926- In all ages there are minds that thinkyo16,1978 of education instinctively as a means of making one class more useful to another, and this was naturally the fashionable view at the time of the Industrial Revolu- tion. But amid the gross inequalities of the age, the other view of education as a spiritual force, serving a master pur- pose and not merely the convenience or profit of a system, was not without its spokesman. To such minds education is the means of making a man or a woman freer, of enabling the poorest person, in St. Augustine's phrase, to carry within him his own fate. The vision of a vast world of ideas and knowledge from which nobody is an exile or an outlaw, excites the sense for fellowship with a passionate and infinite hope. (Page 259.) From "The Rise of Modern Industry" By J. L. and Barbara Hammond, 1926 31 00 P 2 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18, 1926 Brelasios...but notExpensive ADiscount of You Can't Choose the Weather You'll look a long time be- MurrayBlackCo. 10% 21 N. Wabash Ave. Ground Floor Allowed to School Teachers fore you find Between Madison and Washington another such CHICAGO'S value as this Murray- remarkable GREATEST Black Furs Are slicker priced Guaranteed at $4.50-less FUR YOUR FED- ERATION DISCOUNT . SALE MUSKRAT COATS-Silver and dark Skins trimmed with Fox collars . Full A quantity length. $225 Special... purchase at HUDSON SEAL - Luxurious full just the right length models. Skunk (Marten) , time makes Squirrel , Kolinsky and $275 mink trimmed. Special... possible this CARACUL COATS - In the new A Small shades of Chestnut Brown and gray, very low trimmed with Fox collar and cuffs . Deposit Full length. Holds Your price. You $150 Choice Special at ..... can still find JAP MINK - Beautifully trimmed with Fox collars . green, blue For only ... $395 and red coats RACCOON COATS for the college in sizes from girl. Flapper and Tomboy Raccoo!! coats. Made to sell for $450. 42 34 to 40. Stop inches long. Dark $235 Buy with Confidence skins. Special at.... in and see Murray - Black Co. MARMINK COATS Beautifully them the finished, smart Mink appearance. guarantees every gar- Impressive examples of workman- ment to give utmost next time ship. Specially priced satisfaction. Reliable you are down this sale..... $175 skins , highest grade of workmanship. See town. them and be con- Other Values Just As Great vinced. Bring your Federation card to get your discount. Delicious Cooking Charming Surroundings MAY & MALONE , INC . Moderate Prices 37 S. Wabash Ave. 6th Floor Champlain Bldg . CHICAGO Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. Luncheon .$0.60 Dinner 1.00 Sunday Dinner 1.25 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR Buy from one who KNOWS values, JULIA KING'S and will give you an honest deal Tea Room F. RANKE FUR CO . 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET Second floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 Large Stock O. R. May Fur Co. on hand Remodeling and Repairing BARNARD & MILLER New CoatsMadetoOrder Law & Commercial Printers 501 Capitol Building State and Randolph 172 N. LA SALLE STREET // CHICAGO Central 6049 Established1897 TelephoneFRAnklín 0562 New Fall Styles Now on Display Scientific and Permanent All the popular furs-in the newest designs . Prices that please. Janus Method Of Reducing and Rejuvenating, Inc. Suite 313-316 Venetian Bldg., 15 East Washington Street Branch at 4811 Sheridan Road Rejuvenation of Face and Body Dearborn 2005 Siegel&Barth FUR MFRS. EDYTH DIEDRICH CHICAGO 39 So. State St. Dear. 6023 and 3359 Be Sure to Register October 2. PUBLIC LIBRARY 410818A ASTOR, LENOX AND MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL. 4. No. 1 September 18, 1926 Page 3 In Which a Mother Speaks Her Mind Official Organ of Cleveland Schools Denounces the Platoon School Probably the most piquant paragraph yet What victories ! It is no longer a question of "Did written about the far and ill famed platoon I teach well that particular arithmetic, geography or school which has been foisted upon the Chi- history lesson ?" but rather "Has there been growth in each child because of his day in school ?" cago public, comes from an irate parent. AN OUTGROWN PROGRAM A teacher in a Chicago school overtook two Is not the platoon school with its large number of mothers walking in the vicinity of a recently children and clock-like regularity of movement from platooned school . They were talking ex- class to class just the fixed program which has been citedly and the teacher inquired the reason. out-grown in Cleveland and cast off-we hoped, for- "What's the matter with the school ?" in- ever? Our schools cannot be satisfactory until we quired one mother heatedly and then answered make provision for every boy and every girl in them; her own question. "It's no good. These until every teacher realizes that she is teaching in- * * * dividuals . ' spitoon' schools are no good . The children It is not enough to study a child at stated intervals are fluttering and flitting everywhere and but his growth must be noted at every step and the have no place to sit. It's no good, I tell you, needed direction given when the occasion arises . It is these ' spitoon' schools ." a task that requires rare insight and skill of the highest And as if saying amen to her bald con- type that the teaching art can produce . According to reports from Cleveland platoon schools, demnation " School Topics," the " Official Pub- teachers are meeting from three hundred to six hundred lication of the Cleveland Public Schools, children a day. Has any teacher the time and energy Issued Fortnightly by the Board of Educa- to analyze every one of such a group and find his tion" has the following to say regarding pla- individual needs ? Can she know the peculiarities, the toon schools, in its April 27, 1926, issue : weakness, the strength of every child? Can she see An English educator when asked her impression of the growth in every child from day to day, or has she our American schools replied: met just so many classes in literature or science? "They are pretty poor as schools , but they are No teacher has one child long enough to know him wonderful factories . Great numbers of children are or to be able to help him as she should. Most conscien- housed under one roof, the curriculum is well worked tious teachers find it difficult to know really forty out, the wheels move smoothly, but real education be- children and the cry has been for smaller groups . gins when a child is left in a quiet atmosphere long What teacher is equal to the responsibility of three hundred! enough to think." Some of us well remember the time when every The teacher in the platoon schools will have to be teacher had a schedule similar to this : 9 :00-9 :40 arith- a specialist in her subject, we are told. Why not give metic; 9 :41-10 :05 reading, 10 :06-10 : 10 game. all teachers more training in the art of teaching What a grave mistake it was to be teaching arith- children ? We have too many teaching "subjects" now. metic at 9:41 ! How we welcomed the day when a When we come to the last analysis the personality of more flexible program was not only permitted but the teacher and her philosophy of teaching are the vital factors . urged. CHILD'S GROWTH BEST MEASURE We Americans live a restless, discontented, over- Now, one interest grows out of another and the child stimulated life. Great numbers of our people have no rather than the subject is the basis of the day's pro- normal home life. As a nation, we have developed no gram. There is no feeling that the day is broken up characteristic handicraft. Lacking resourcefulness in the into small units of unrelated work, but the day's work use of leisure time, we scurry about in search of excite- is the unit and is measured in terms of the growth ment and variety of stimulation. Knowing ourselves too that Johnnie and Mary have made. little or too well we derive little satisfaction in culti- Johnnie tackles a problem he needs to solve, and vating our own acquaintance. While so much time and keeps at it until it is finished; James is courteous under effort have gone into research along the lines of the trying circumstances ; Susie has established one more saving of school rooms and equipment, has anything habit in studying spelling ; Frank reads a book outside been done to find the effect of days of hourly change of school and tells you he enjoyed it. upon the nervous systems of children ? Be Sure to Register October 2 . From theMasthead by The Lookout Of course it would be much pleasanter if I could stand before you and just argue that the time was here when we could go right ahead and get for every teacher all that he or she deserved. But I am a sailor. We have certain ethics on board ship. One man in each watch is selected to go to the masthead and there keep a lookout, and I could not very well use the sort of language here necessary to express the opinion of the sailor as against the lookout who, seeing breakers ahead, did not report it to those on deck because it would be unpleasant news to them. He would be termed a coward if he hesitated upon the reporting of it, and a liar if he denied having seen it afterward; I am neither a coward nor a liar. -Victor A. Olander, at Studebaker Theatre Mass Meeting, Sept. 11, 1925. -Reprinted from The Bulletin of September 18, 1925 To the Teachers of Chicago: It is fitting to reprint here from the first for a so-called salary increase predicated on September Bulletin of last year the original the submission by the City Council and adop- "From the Masthead by the Lookout" and the tion by the voters of a tax rate increase for stirring words of Victor Olander which in- the Educational Fund . spired it. "From the Masthead by the Look- On returning to their school rooms in Sep- out" has appeared in every subsequent issue of tember, 1925, each teacher was given a the Bulletin over the report "To the Teachers pamphlet, purporting to come from the Chi- of Chicago, " as a pledge that "The Lookout" cago Principals' Club, containing a preprint of that portion of the Superintendent's would faithfully keep the watch and, seeing Annual Report, for the year ending June 30, breakers ahead, would truthfully and without 1925, devoted to the proposed new salary fear or favor, report it to those on deck. Read schedule. Following is an excerpt from one again that invigorating message from Mr. paragraph of the preprint : Olander. Like a breath from the sea it came "Funds are available. ** to the bewildered teachers of Chicago as- * The secretary of our finance committee sembled in mass meeting at the Studebaker showed our ability to inaugurate the schedules on September 1. After a searching scrutiny of his Theatre at the opening of school on Septem- computations we adopted them. No refutation of ber 11, 1925. his estimates has been offered. The ability of the The teachers of Chicago had left their Board to find the necessary funds is thus established. school rooms in June, 1925, for a much needed The teachers, confused and bewildered, had vacation, knowing that the then new Board come to the Studebaker Theatre on Septem- of Education had, on May 22, rescinded the ber 11, last year, to hear from Trustee Eng- double-headed Salary-Schedule-Tax-Rate-In- lish, Victor Olander, John Fitzpatrick, and the crease resolution adopted on April 27 by the writer of this report, the facts about the con- then retiring Board. This resolution provided dition of the educational fund and the so September 18 , 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 5 called salary increase, as they had found Council's appraisers at One Billion Two Hundred them and reported them to the Mayor on Sep- Sixty-Eight Million Dollars and assessed by the tember 4. Their report was printed in full in Board of Assessors and Board of Review at less the September 18, 1925, Bulletin . than 25 per cent of that amount. Mr. English presented a financial statement (5) That on September 10, 1926, the Board of from the auditor of the Board of Education, Education, or some members of the Board showing that if the proposed salary schedule (names unknown) met in an informal, secret was inaugurated in September, 1925, neither conference (of which there is no record in the that proposed salary schedule nor the present official Proceedings of the Board) and ordered drastic cuts in vital school activities of the Chi- schedules could be maintained through the cago public school children. year 1926 without increasing either the tax for the Educational Fund or the assessed The facts shown in the communications and valuation of property. Mr. English said : newspaper clippings printed in this Bulletin, taken together with other known facts, seems "Now the Board of Education has sent out figures to warrant these conclusions : from its auditor. Others have sent out figures, until there is such a confusing array of figures we don't First-That "hope of reward," through the so- know which is correct, but the only ones we can called salary increase, failed last fall and again look at and take with any degree of certainty are the figures that are furnished by the Auditor of the this spring to stampede the teachers into urging Board. * * * The Educational Fund of the City the City Council to place the tax-rate increase on of Chicago is not in a position today to take care the ballot. of this salary schedule." Second-That the actual cuts which have al- The President of the Principals' Club at- ready been made in the vital activities of children, tempted to stampede the teachers and force and which have aroused justifiable fears of cuts them to vote on that salary schedule on the in the salaries of teachers, have not been made 24th of last September "without discussion ." on account of a shortage in the Educational Fund That fell down. From that time on the cam- for the remainder of the calendar year 1926, nor paign has been on in full force to get the par- on account of an anticipated shortage in that ents to stampede the City Council into plac- fund for ANY PART of the school year 1926- ing the tax rate increase on the ballot, first at 1927. There is no shortage now, there will be the primary in April, later at the coming none this school year. election in November. Third- That the effect (if not the purpose) of continuing this campaign to force the tax rate The teachers find conditions as bewildering increase on the ballot may be to defeat the pro- this September as those they faced last Sep- gram of the City Council and Board of Education tember. to obtain the revenue needed for the schools and The communications and newspaper articles the City by means of equitable assessments of printed in this Bulletin show : property. (1) That President Ellicott on February 18, Again in September, 1926, as in September, 1926, presented a financial statement to the 1925, teachers and parents are asking : "What Council Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil are the facts about the condition of the Edu- Service showing that the Board would have a cational Fund of the Board of Education ?" SURPLUS of $3,000,000 in the Educational Fund But there is this difference between then on January 1, 1927. and now : Last fall that question was before (2) That Mayor Dever, on August 3, 1926, no official body for investigation and finding. told the Joint Tax Committee of the Board of This fall it is before the Committee on Education and the City Council that the Board Schools, Fire and Civil Service of the City would have a DEFICIT of $3,500,000 in that fund Council. It was referred to that committee on January 1, 1927. by the City Council at its meeting on Septem- (3) That the Chicago Teachers' Federation ber 15. For the peace of mind of parents, on September 15, 1926, sent a communication to teachers and children, it is sincerely hoped the Mayor and City Council showing from official that an official announcement of the actual sources that there would be a SURPLUS of facts may be made by that committee in the $4,500,000 in that fund on January 1, 1927. This very near future. is a half million dollars more than the Board carried over in the Educational Fund from De- cember 31, 1925, to January 1, 1926. (4) That on September 10, 1926, the Loop Lands and Buildings were appraised by the City Morgen ,A. Haley 6 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18, 1926 City Council Adjourns Without Order- ing Tax Rate Increase on Ballot Teachers' Federation Active in Opposing Movement to Raise Tax Rate The story of the steps taken during vaca- tion for the discussion of the report on appraisal of loop tion by the Chicago Teachers' Federation lands, and just before the adjournment of that meeting, I called to the attention of the Joint Committee the dis- through its business representative , Miss Mar- crepancy between the statement you made at that hear- garet Haley, to prevent the City Council from ing in regard to the condition of the finances of the being stampeded, through misinformation, Board of Education, and the statement in regard to those from voting to place the proposition to in- finances made on June 10 last at the meeting at the crease the educational tax rate on the Novem- Union League Club by the former Chairman and present member of the Finance Committee of the Board of Edu- ber ballot, is perhaps best told in the corre- cation, Mr. Julius F. Smietanka, who is also a member of spondence between Miss Haley and Mayor the Joint Tax Committee but was not present Tuesday. Dever during August, and the communication Herewith is a copy of the Bulletin containing the from the Chicago Teachers' Federation by Resolution adopted by the City Council on June 16 last Miss Haley to Mayor Dever and the City in which Mr. Smietanka's statement in regard to the Board's finances appears. A copy of this Bulletin was Council on September 15. called to every teacher in the system before the close of By means of the communications printed the schools in June. While you and the President of the below, Miss Haley sought to present to Mayor Board of Education were both present at the Union Dever and the City Council the true status League Club meeting at which Mr. Smietkana made this of the educational fund as shown by the statement, I do not remember whether you remained records . to hear Mr. Smietanka's talk or left before he began, but the President of the Board was present when you The executive committee of the Chicago made the statement to the meeting last Tuesday. Principals' Club, through its president, Mr. In your statement Tuesday, which was printed in the D. J. Beeby, sent a resolution to the Mayor newspapers , you said that on January 1 , 1927, the Board and City Council urging the placing of the of Education would face a deficit of three and one-half million dollars. According to Mr. Smietkana's statement, tax rate increase proposition on the Novem- referred to above, the Board will not face that condition ber ballot. That resolution, presented at the of finances until the beginning of 1928 . City Council meeting on September 15 (the In calling the discrepancy between these two state- last until after election) was referred to the ments to the attention of the Joint Committee Tuesday, Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service. I asked that the Committee undertake at once to clear A communication to the Mayor and City up the confusion caused by these two conflicting state- ments . Council from the Chicago Teachers ' Federa- I also requested that the Committee present at the tion signed by Miss Haley pointing out a bal- next hearing some definite, authoritative information, ance of more than four and a half million dol- including an opinion from the Corporation Counsel, in lars in the educational fund December 31, regard to the date of filing (with the Board of Review) 1926, as borne out by statements from the complaints against under assessment of property, in order to clear up the confusion in regard to that matter, and office of the city treasurer, the city comp- the Secretary of the Finance Committee was instructed troller and from the business manager of the to report to the meeting to be held on the next day, Board of Education, was presented by Alder- Wednesday. man Nelson at the request of the Federation , Just before the adjournment of the meeting on at the City Council meeting September 15 and Wednesday, August 4th, the Secretary of the Finance Committee presented an oral report in regard to the was also referred to the Committee on filing but no opinion of the Corporation Counsel's office Schools, Fires and Civil Service of the Coun- on that subject. cil. An early hearing on these communica- No report was presented in regard to the question of tions , which follow, is expected. the discrepancy in the two statements in regard to the finances of the Board of Education. The presiding officer Letter to Mayor Dever ruled that discussion on that matter was out of order at August 5, 1926 . that meeting, but the three members of the Joint Com- Hon . William E. Dever, mittee present at the meeting Wednesday agreed to hold Mayor, City of Chicago, a meeting and later announced that this meeting would Chicago, Illinois . be held on Friday, August 6, to consider all these mat- Dear Mayor Dever : ters , provided a quorum would be present. I am in- After you left the public hearing in the City Council formed that the Secretary of the Finance Committee has Chamber on Tuesday, August 3, held by the Joint Tax been instructed to call this meeting . Committee of the City Council and the Board of Educa- When these matters were being discussed on Wednes Be Sure to Register October 2 . September 18, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 7 day I stated that on last Friday I was informed that the Letter from Mayor Dever real estate books of the Board of Assessors had been OFFICE OF THE MAYOR delivered to the Board of Review and that Mr. Barrett, CITY OF CHICAGO Chairman of the Board of Review, had announced that August 6, 1926 . the Board of Review would allow no complaints filed Miss Margaret A. Haley, after August 1st. Chicago Teachers' Federation, I also stated on Wednesday that I was advised that 127 N. Dearborn Street, simply delivering a complaint to the Secretary of the Chicago, Illinois. Board of Review did not constitute filing that complaint before that Board; that it was necessary for the Board of My Dear Miss Haley: Review at a formal meeting to direct the Secretary to I am in receipt of your letter of August 5, 1926 . receive the complaint and file it, and for that Board then I know nothing about the discrepancy in statements and there to fix a definite date for a hearing on that made by Mr. Smietanka, myself and others with refer- complaint, and to notify the owners of the property ence to a certain deficit in the Educational Fund of the involved of the date of such hearing. Not until these Board of Education. My information comes directly from formalities were completed was the complaint properly Col. Ellicott and is to the effect that a deficit will exist filed. on January 1 , 1927. After the meeting on Tuesday I called on the Secre- Certainly I know nothing about any assumed state- tary of the Finance Committee and explained fully to ment on the part of Mr. Hornstein or any other person him how I knew these formalities were necessary for connected with the Corporation Counsel's Office to the proper filing of complaints with the Board of Review. effect that the information that they are trying to get I explained to him that when the attorney for the Board from the Board of Review would not be available for of Education in November, 1924, delivered to the Secre- immediate use; my purpose is to make it available at the tary of the Board of Review the complaint in regard to earliest possible moment in the hope that we may get the assessment of the stockyards real estate I was advised relief in the year 1927. Certainly I know nothing about by the then Secretary of the Board of Review that such Mr. Barrett's statement that the Board of Review would delivery did not constitute a proper filing of that com- allow no complaints filed after August 1, 1926. My plaint. As a result of this advice Mr. Ashton brought general knowledge of this subject is that complaints that complaint before the Board of Review in open ses- cannot in the regular process be filed or acted upon prior sion and the Board directed its Secretary to file the stock- to that date. That is the usual time the Board of Re- yards complaint. The Board then and there fixed the view begins its work, August 1st. Hence I take it that time for the hearing on that complaint and directed the the present is the proper time for filing complaints with Secretary to notify the owners of the stockyards prop- the Board. erty, which he did. There was a hearing on that com- I suppose you know whether the statement of Mr. plaint on the date fixed. Smietanka is correct. If any error was committed by It is important to know NOW whether or not it is me I should be glad to acknowledge it. In any event, I true as reported that the Board of Review will hear no should think that you would be able to determine complaints filed after August 1st. It is important to whether Mr. Smietanka or myself may be mistaken. It know NOW whether or not the necessary formalities in is quite possible that I misunderstood Col. Ellicott, but regard to filing have been complied with in the case of my recollection is that he said to me that a deficit would the 300 or more complaints against under assessment of exist, as I said, January 1, 1927. real estate which the newspapers reported were filed last We are going to do all that we possibly can do to Saturday with the Board of Review by the Board of Edu- get these valuations on the books at this time. I agree cation and the City Council. If your statement of last with you that the matter might not be so critical if Mr. Tuesday of the condition of the Board's finances instead Smietanka be correct. Nevertheless , our corporate need of Mr. Smietanka's is correct, this matter of filing and for increased revenue is very critical at this moment. hearing these complaints becomes one of still more seri- Yours very truly, ous importance to the teachers and the schools . (Signed) WILLIAM E. DEVER, If definite, authentic, official assurance is given that Mayor. the Board of Education will not be confronted with this deficit until the date named by Mr. Smietanka, the begin- Reply to Mayor Devers Letter ning of 1928, the question of whether the Board of August 20, 1926. Review will or will not hear the complaints of the city Hon. William E. Dever, and the Board of Education prior to the quadrennial Mayor, City of Chicago, assessment of 1927, would not be so serious because a Chicago, Illinois . sufficient increase in the quadrennial assessment would be effective in time to relieve the situation. Dear Mayor Dever : I received your letter of August 6 in reply to my letter Whatever the facts in this entire situation, they should of August 5 in which I pointed out the discrepancy be- be faced NOW and avoid a repetition of a situation that tween the statement you made on August 3 to the Joint will at least appear to warrant another attempt to stam- Tax Committee that the Board of Education would have pede the City Council into voting to place on the ballot, a deficit of $3,500,000 on January 1 , 1927, and the either this fall or next spring, the proposition to increase statement Mr. Smietanka made at the Union League the tax rate for educational purposes. Club on June 10 last, that a shortage would exist in We earnestly hope that a quorum may be present at the Board's funds at the beginning of the year 1928 . the meeting on Friday, August 6, and that all these ques- Both your statement and Mr. Smietanka's were published tions may be cleared up by definite, authentic, official information. in the Chicago newspapers at the time they were made. Sincerely yours , In your letter you say that your information came MARGARET A. HALEY . directly from Col. Ellicott and that your recollection is Be Sure to Register October 2 . 8 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18, 1926 that he told you that a deficit would exist, as you said, and that it can continue to borrow up to 75 per cent of January 1 , 1927. You also say that it is quite possible that anticipated revenue. that you misunderstood Col. Ellicott and that if an error Excerpts from the stenographic report of this discus- was committed by you you would be glad to acknowl- sion are printed on page 235 of the enclosed Bulletin of edge it. February 27, 1926 . I am sure that your statement that there will be a The Board of Education has two pay days for teachers deficit of $3,500,000 on January 1 , 1927 , is an error. for the month of January, one for the first two weeks in I think you must have misunderstood Mr. Ellicott be- January and the second one for the last two weeks. cause on February 18 of this year Mr. Ellicott told the The first pay day is on Friday of the third week in Janu- Schools Committee of the City Council that on December ary and the estimate for salaries in the 1926 budget 31 , 1926, the Board would have $ 2,341,000 of unusued shows that the Board needs approximately $ 1,600,000 in borrowing power in the Educational Fund to carry over the Educational Fund with which to meet that pay roll, to January, 1927. This statement of Mr. Ellicott will and a similar amount for the second pay day which be found on page 228 of the enclosed copy of my Bulle- comes at the end of the first week in February. tin of February 27. It is printed from the stenographic Mr. Ellicott's statement shows that the Board will report of that February 18 meeting of the Council Com- enter the month of January, 1927, with ample funds to mittee on Schools . pay the first pay roll in January. If the City Council Mr. Ellicott presented to that meeting of the Council passes the Board's 1927 levy ordinance early in January, Committee a five-page typewritten financial statement as agreed, or any time before the first week of February, which shows $ 2,341,000 of unused borrowing power in the Board will have available in the Educational Fund the Educational Fund on December 31 , 1926, and in borrowing power equal to 75 per cent of the anticipated addition thereto shows a free surplus of $611,616 in that revenue from that 1927 tax levy. fund on December 31 , 1926, to be carried over to Jan- In order that the Council may be able to pass the uary, 1927 . Board's tax levy ordinance at the earliest date possible Therefore, there is a discrepancy of $ 6,452,616 be- in January, the Board should pass its Tax Levy Resolu- tween the statement as to the condition of the Board's tion not later than December, as it has frequently done Educational fund on January 1 , 1927, as shown by Mr. in the past, and promptly certify that action to the City Ellicott's statement of February 18 to the Council Com- Council . mittee on Schools, and your statement of August 3 to Your statement of August 3 to the Joint Tax Com- the Joint Tax Committee of the City Council and the mittee of the Board of Education and the City Council, Board of Education . and published in the newspapers, that the Board of Edu- In your letter you say that you suppose I know cation will face a deficit of $3,500,000 on January 1 , whether the statement of Mr. Smietanka is correct. You 1927, may have furnished the excuse for the official also say that in any event you should think that I should communication of August 13 from the Superintendent of be able to determine whether Mr. Smietanka or you may Schools , giving notice that "drastic economies must be be mistaken. planned for the immediate future, " and directing the I have carefully checked this financial statement, pre- heads of departments to prepare “to help make cuts ." sented by Mr. Ellicott to the Council Committee on President Ellicott's statement to the Council Committee February 18, with the Budget of the Board of Education last February 18 shows that with the prompt action by for 1926. This budget was adopted on January 27, and the City Council next January, as agreed, these cuts are is printed in the proceedings of that date. It is NOW unnecessary . available for public inspection, though it was NOT avail- Failure to correct your statement of August 3 may be able at the time Mr. Ellicott presented this financial state- used as an excuse for one more attempt to stampede the ment to the Council Committee. I have also checked City Council and cause it, through fear of crippling the up the financial statement of the Auditor of the Board schools, to vote to put on the ballot at the November of Education which Mr. John A. English presented to election the proposition to increase the tax rate for the the meeting of teachers at the Studebaker theatre on educational fund instead of continuing its program to September 11 , 1925 . secure needed revenue through equitable assessments of property . From my investigation I am convinced that your state- ment of August 3 that there will be a deficit of $3,500, - The opening statement of the Superintendent's com- 000 is erroneous ; and that Mr. Ellicott's statement to munication of August 13 referred to above reads : the Council Committee is correct namely, that the "I can not find anyone who believes that the Board will have $ 2,341,000 of unused borrowing power tax revision is going to give the schools enough in the educational fund, and in addition thereto, a free money to run on their present basis .” surplus of $ 611,616 on December 31 , 1926, to carry In connection with what is referred to in the quotation over to January 1 , 1927 . above as " the tax revision," I wish to call your attention At that Council Committee meeting on February 18, to some important facts not shown in the Board's 1926 after Mr. Ellicott told the Committee there would be Budget because they were not publicly known at the $2,341,000 of unused borrowing power in the Educa- time that Budget was adopted on January 27 last, but tional Fund January 1 , 1927, the aldermen and repre- which are shown in the typewritten financial statement sentatives of the Board of Education present at that that President Ellicott presented to the Council Commit- tee on February 18 : meeting mutually agreed that the City Council could meet the first week in January, 1927, and pass the Board No. 1. The assessed valuation of property in of Education tax levy ordinance for 1927; and that from Chicago for 1925 was increased $85,- and after the day that tax levy ordinance is passed the 646,279 over the assessed value for Board can begin at once to borrow against the antici- 1924, or an increase of more than pated revenue to be secured from that 1927 tax levy; $ 171,000,000 full value. Be Sure to Register October 2 . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 9 September 18, 1926 No. 2. The estimated revenue for the Educa- Superintendent's Bulletin tional Fund for the year 1926 was SUBJECT : ECONOMIES . August 13, 1926 . thereby increased $ 1,454,568 . The Superintendent of Schools writes as follows : No. 3. This increased revenue increased by "I can not find any one who believes that the tax 75 per cent of this amount, or $ 1,090, revision is going to give the schools enough money to 926, the Board's unused borrowing run on their present basis. I have never known any power in this fund that was carried school system to be as badly off for funds as we are. over from 1925 to 1926 . There isn't any doubt in my mind but that drastic econ- No. 4. "The excess of appropriation over re- omies must be planned for the immediate future. We sources, or deficit of the fund," on should expect an early meeting of the Chairman of the Dec. 31 , 1926, of " 842,984.00" shown Committee on School Administration, the chairman of in the educational fund in the 1926 the Committee on Finance, the Secretary of the com- budget, was changed by this increased mittee, the Auditor and the President, to be told the assessment of 1925 into a free surplus estimated amount of savings which must immediately be amounting to $611,616.00 to be car- prepared for. Mr. Henry, Secretary of the Finance ried over from 1926 to 1927 . Committee, will prepare the figures showing the ex- pense of some of our specialties; domestic science, President Ellicott, in referring to that increased assess- manual training, drawing, weaving, etc. Instead of se- ment in 1925 over 1924, told the City Council that it lecting one line of activity for elimination and thereby was due to the efforts of the City Council, Board of arousing all the different clubs, societies and interests Education, firemen and teachers . ( See page 227 Bulle- that can be enlisted to protect it under the allegation tin enclosed. ) that it is being singled out for attack, we must adver- In regard to the increase which it is hoped and ex- tise the whole group of curtailments, and, as isthe pected the Board's and Council's program of equitable plan, fully signify that we see the educational good assessments may bring about in the assessment of 1926 in each one of these subjects, that we regret having to over that of 1925, the enclosed article from the Chicago cut anything anywhere but that, in the straitened Tribune of August 19 shows that the City and the Board condition of the funds we must make decided sacrifices . of Education, on August 18, filed with the Board of Re- "Will you therefore take up with your physical in- view a second batch of 500 complaints of which 41 structors , vocational advisers, and all special bureaus pieces of real estate listed in the Tribune article showed the announcement of curtailments necessary and let them the Board of Review's value to be $6,787,336, and the know that what you need is not arguments for the main- City's appraisal showed a value of $34,504,843 . tenance of their specialties (we are convinced of their Referring to the complaints filed and to be filed by the value) , but what we need is help to make the cuts, Board of Education and the City Council and the expec- because, as you very well know, if we go before the tations regarding the 1926 assessment as a result, the people with a request for increased funds and if the Tribune article states : organizations charged with keeping down tax raises are "It is hoped by city officials that the complaints will able to show weaving classes with three or four chil- add from $ 100,000,000 to $500,000,000 in taxable valu- dren, cooking classes fussing with fudge and other ations ." wastes, one or two such striking cases may be played In view of the above facts and these further facts : up to most disastrous results . ( 1 ) that the year 1927 is a quadrennial year; ( 2 ) that "This is the most important thing that has come before the assessing boards have full power in 1927 to make you in many moons . Please get busy." an entirely new assessment on the real estate of the * * * entire city and county ; ( 3 ) that such assessment should [ EDITOR'S NOTE . The above bulletin is referred to here on produce the needed revenue for the schools and for Page 20 and in Mr. Bogan's Notice printed below. It was delivered other purposes, thus making an increase in the educa- to the Mayor on August 23.] tional tax rate unnecessary; it is very important that all Bogan's Notice of Cuts conflicting statements as to the resources of the Board (SeeBulletin Above) of Education should be cleared up, and cleared up now, My Dear Mr. : September 9, 1926 . in order that there may be no confusion in the public A bulletin has been received from Superintendent Mc- mind to be used as an excuse for injuring the schools Andrew which urges that special consideration be given by unnecessary curtailments or interfering with the pro- to a whole group of curtailments in order that sufficient gram of the Board of Education and the City Council money may be saved in the Educational Fund to main- tain our schools for the present year . No one line of to secure the necessary revenue for all public purposes by equitable assessment of property instead of by increas- school activity has been selected for elimination, but a ing the tax rate for educational fund. general retrenchment is being made to meet this contin- gency . If you find, as I have here represented, that your state- The following are some of the economies for the ment of August 3 is in error, I am sure that you will see that the correction is made at the earliest possible High School, which you are requested to put moment and that the correction is given as wide publicity into effect immediately : as your original statement. 1. Consolidate classes in Mechanical Drawing so I assure you of the hearty support of the Chicago that each teacher will instruct eight classes per day of Teachers' Federation in furthering to the extent of our thirty- five pupils each. power the program of the Board of Education and the 2. Consolidate classes in Woodworking , Forge, City Council to secure the needed revenue for the schools Foundry, Machine Practice, Printing and Electricity, so and other needs of our city through equitable assessment that each teacher will instruct four double period classes of property instead of through increased tax rates, and of twenty-five pupils each. of our appreciation of this opportunity to present this 3. Postpone installation of Auto Shop until other shop matter to you . Yours sincerely , classes have been built up to the standard set. (Signed) MARGARET A. HALEY. 4. Eliminate Pottery, Stagecraft, Jewelry and Arts 10 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18, 1926 craft. Be prepared to have these equipments transferred deducting all tax anticipation warrants to a junior high school. issued against the 1925 tax levy, and all Please inform me as to how many teachers may be interest thereon . released through the above changes; can these teachers (3) A memorandum from the Business Man- be used in other departments, or will they become super- ager of the Board of Education on Sep- numeraries subject to transfer ? tember 14, 1926, showing, in addition to Very truly yours, (Signed) W. J. BOGAN, above : ( a) the amount due the Educa- Ass't Sup't of Schools . tional Fund on September 14 from the Communication to Mayor and City Council State Treasurer from the State appro- (Referred to Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service) priations for delinquents, deaf and blind, and crippled children; and ( b) the September 14, 1926 . amount of rental from School Fund The Honorable, the Mayor, and The City Council, Lands (which can be used only to pay City of Chicago . teachers' salaries ) , paid on August 7 , The information concerning the condition of the Edu- 1926, and due on November 7, 1926. cational Fund of the Board of Education, herein con- The documents referred to above in paragraphs num- tained, is based on data from authentic and official bered ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) , show that to run the schools sources . It is submitted in reply to the communication for the four months from September 1 to December 31 , 1926 : from the President of the Chicago Principals' Club under date of September 2, 1926, in which appears the state- (a) The Board's balance in the ment that "Bankruptcy faces the schools unless imme- appropriation from the Edu- cational Fund on July 31 , diate financial relief is granted." The information herein contained shows that the Board 1926, as shown by Mr. of Education can run the schools for the four months Byrnes' Report ( No. 15463) from September to January on the same basis as they was ............ $ 17,602,034 were run from January to June of this year and that the (b ) The City Treasurer's report Board will have $4,500,000 left in the Educational Fund of September 13, and Mr. to carry over to January 1 , 1927 . Byrnes' memorandum of Sep- A resolution adopted by the Board of Directors of the tember 14, taken together show a total available in the Chicago Principals' Club on September 2, 1926, was ordered sent “to the Mayor, the Clerk of the City Council, Educational Fund, Sept. 14 each Alderman, the Board of Education, newspapers, to Dec. 31 , 1926 ........ $ 20,261,607 Parent Teachers' Associations and to other civic organi- (c) The estimated amount needed zations . " The last paragraph of the resolution states that in the Educational Fund to run the schools the four "The crisis in school affairs is so great that if the assess- ment plan has not produced the needed revenue by months from September 1 to approximately September 15, 1926, the City Council is December 31 , 1926, (on the urged immediately to authorize a November, 1926, edu- same basis of cost to that cational fund tax levy referendum ." Fund as the Byrnes' Re- The President of the Board of Education, Mr. Edward port No. 15463 shows the schools were run for the B. Ellicott on February 18, 1926, presented to the City seven Council Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service, a months ending July financial statement showing that the Board of Education 31 , 1926 ) , will be ........ $ 15,959,062 will carry over to January 1 , 1927, approximately (d) Estimated balance left in the $3,000,000 of borrowing power and free surplus in the Education Fund on Decem- educational fund. This statement of President Ellicott is ber 31 , 1926 ............ $ 4,502,545 confirmed by the following official documents : The following position was taken by the City Council (1 ) The report of the Business Manager of Committee on Schools , Fire and Civil Service at its the Board of Education, Mr. John E. meeting on February 18, 1926, and agreed to by repre- Byrnes , (Report No. 15463 ) , presented sentatives of the Board of Education then and there to the Board at its meeting last Wednes- present : day, September 8, showing the total (1 ) That the City Council could pass its tax Appropriations and the total Expendi- levy ordinance early in January, 1927, tures of the Board of Education for the and immediately thereafter could author- seven months from Jan. 1 to July 31, ize the issuance of tax anticipation war- 1926 . rants against the 1927 tax levy for the (2) A statement from the City Treasurer's Educational Fund of the Board of Educa- office on September 13, 1926, confirmed tion; in the City Comptroller's office on Sep- ( 2) That, immediately thereafter, the bor- tember 14, showing: (a) the unused bor- rowing power of the Board of Education rowing power in the Educational Fund on on tax anticipation warrants against the September 14, on account of tax antici- 1927 tax levy for the Educational Fund pation warrants against the 1926 tax would begin before the borrowing power levy; and ( b) the balance of taxes due on tax anticipation warrants against the under the 1925 tax levy for the Educa- 1926 tax levy would be exhausted. tional Fund after allowing 10 per cent Acting Corporation Counsel Hornstein, at an informal for loss and cost of collection and after conference on September 13, 1926, gave an informal Be Sure to Register October 2 . September 18, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 11 opinion confirming the power of the City Council to Estimated expenditures on same pass its appropriation ordinance early in January, 1927, basis for last four months of (as early as January 3, he said) , and to pass its tax 1926 15,859,062 levy ordinance 10 days thereafter . ESTIMATED REVENUE OF EDUCATIONAL FUND The following statement shows how the above esti- Available September 1 to December 31 , 1926 mate was obtained : Shown by report from City Treas- urer's office : EXPENDITURES Unused borrowing Total actual expenditures from the power ........ $ 13,276,973 Educational Fund for the seven Balance 1925 taxes 6,058,242 months from Jan. 1 to July 31 , Shown by Business Manager's 1926, as shown on Page 5 of Memorandum : Business Manager Byrnes' Re- Rental of school fund port of Sept. 8, 1926, which in- lands ........ $ 576,000 cludes $ 770,000 of interest on Appropriation due from 1925 tax anticipation warrants State Treasurer ... 450,392 which City Treasurer's statement of Sept. 13 shows will not recur $1,026,392 in the last four months of Estimated total revenue .. ... 20,361,607 1926 .. $ 24,558,595 Estimated total expenditures ..... 15,859,062 Deduct interest as per above ......... 770,000 Balance December 31 , 1926 ..... $ 4,502,545 Estimated net expenditures from Respectfully submitted, Educational Fund for first seven THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION, months of 1926, exclusive of By MARGARET A. HALEY, interest on tax warrants ...... 23,788,595 Business Representative . The Proposed Tax Amendment Why Teachers Should Recommend and Vote for it November 2 [Editor's Note : The Chicago Teachers' Federation has endorsed the tax amendment to the Constitution to be voted on by the people of Illinois, November 2. By request of The Bulletin management, Mr. Robert C. Moore, Secretary of the Illinois State Teachers' Association, has written an article on the amendment for this issue of The Bulletin. Mr. Moore has stated not only the position of the State Teachers' Association and the Chicago Division of that Association, but also the position of the Chicago Teachers' Federation.] By R. C. Moore tion on November 2. Therefore, we should Secretary Illinois State Teachers' Association vote for it and get our friends to do the same, Our present tax system has broken down since a failure to vote the " little ballot ” counts and is a failure. Practically everybody admits the same as a vote against the amendment. this fact and condemns our present tax laws The liberal support of schools depends upon and their faulty administration . having just, equitable and enforceable tax The antiquated tax provision in the present laws. The present laws are inequitable and Constitution is not adapted to present eco- are not enforced. Let us give the legislature nomic conditions. Its fundamental principle power to improve them . is the general property tax on a uniform ad The teachers have long advocated the valorem basis, which is fairly applicable to amendment of the tax article of the Consti- uniform property ; but great changes have tution. While this one may not be just what taken place in the forms of property since the we want in some of its details, it goes a long present provision was adopted in 1870, 56 step in the right direction and will enable the years ago, and the provision requiring uni- legislature to work out a better tax system formity is now a serious limitation. Many than we now have. other states have adopted more modern The amendment passed the House by a vote methods of taxation, and so should Illinois . of 137 to 2, and the Senate 44 to 1. Several The Legislature pleads inability to remedy legislators voted for it at our request. Let us our tax laws because of the binding limita- stand by our friends. It is opposed by the tions in the present Constitution . Illinois Association of Commerce, and by the The proposed amendment in itself makes Illinois Manufacturers Association according no change in the tax laws ; but it does remove to statements by secretary John M. Glenn. It some of the limitations on the legislature and is endorsed by the Illinois State Teachers' As- will permit more freedom in tax legislation. sociation, the Illinois Agricultural Associa- To be ratified the amendment must receive tion, the Illinois State Federation of Labor, a majority of all votes cast at the general elec- and other organizations friendly to us . Be Sure to Register October 2 . 12 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18, 1926 Statement of Appropriations and Expenditures Photographic Reproduction Appropriations Personal Service : A. Teachers Salaries (Regular Day Sch) 31,305,859.25 A. Teachers Salaries (Spec. Activities) 1,153,020.00 A. Salaries (Civil Service ) 4,620,787.00 B. Fees and Compensations 50,190.00 37,129,856.25 Service Other than Personal: C. Communication and Transportation 297,026.00 D. Garage 9,818.00 E. Printing 51,100.00 F. Advertising 500.00 G. Gas and Electricity 375,460.00 H. Special and Miscellaneous 61,762.00 795,666.00 Supplies: J. Educat ional 1,015,073.06 K. Free Text Books 953,569.00 L. Fuel 1,139,575.00 M. School Plant Supplies 124,211.00 3,232,428.06 Equipment : 0. Educational Equioment 90,161.00 (The Figures on this and the opposite page are to be read across the two pages) The tables above and on the opposite page are photographic reproductions from the report of the Business Manager of the Board of Education, Mr. John E. Byrnes, ( Report 15463) presented to the Board on September 8, 1926. The report shows the appropriations and expenditures of the Board of Education from January 1st to July 31st, 1926. It is referred to here on page 10. Federation Inquires Into Study of Pen- sion Matters Being Made by City Council Commission Asks Mayor for Information Regarding Scope of Commission In an effort to discover whether or not the Meeting on September 18, 1926, directed the President Chicago Teachers' Pension Fund and their to make another inquiry to ascertain if possible whether or not it is the intention to include the Chicago Teachers' pension law is to be included in a study of Pension Fund and their Pension Law in the report of pension matters being made by the Pension the Pension Commission authorized by the City Council Commission, the Chicago Teachers' Federa- on May 13, 1925, and appointed by the Mayor on May tion at its meeting Saturday, Sept. 18, 1926, 20, 1925, with power "to make a comprehensive study directed the president to send an inquiry to of pension matters and report their findings and recom- mendations to the City Council with a view of recom- the Mayor. mending amendments to Illinois Pension Laws that are Following is the letter sent to Mayor Dever : deemed necessary ." September 18, 1926. This inquiry was ordered today on account of the Honorable William E. Dever, following recommendation which was presented to the Mayor, City of Chicago , Pension Commission on August 19, 1926, by the Actu- City Hall, Chicago . ary , Mr. H. L. Rietz : "* * * * that the fund for firemen and the Dear Mayor Dever: - fund for teachers be put on a reserve and allocation The Chicago Teachers ' Federation at its Regular basis," and, Be Sure to Register October 2 . September 18, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 13 January 1st to July 31st, 1926 Photographic Reproduction Authorized Total Transfers Appropriation Expenditures Balance 274,068.66 31,579,927.91 18,965,974.05 12,613,953.86 3,700.00 1,156,720.00 515,577.99 641,142.01 52,363.00 4,673,150.00 2,656,996.78 2,016,153.22 200.00 50,390.00 17,990.07 32,399.93 330,331.66 37,460,187.91 22,156,538.89 15,303,649.02 7,150.00 304,176.00 174,634.89 129,541.11 9,818.00 2,796.17 7,021.83 935.00 52,035.00 20,400.02 31,634.98 500.00 48.81 451.19 375,460.00 310,103.92 65,356.08 759.00 62,521.00 29,977.04 32,543.96 8,844.00 804,510.00 537,960.85 266,549.15 33,815.00 1,048,888.06 433,756.68 615,131.38 122.00 953,691.00 553,601.68 400,089.32 2,750.00 1,142,325.00 697,231.61 445,093.39 2,104.00 126,315.00 68,728.03 57,586.97 38.791.00 3,271,219.06 1,753,318.00 1,517,901.06 4,834.25 94,995.25 17,782.02 77,213.23 The report shows that the total appropriation in the Educational Fund was $42,160,639.31 . The total expenditures from that fund from January 1 to July 31, 1926, was $24,558,595.14. The unexpended balance on July 31, was $17,602,034.17. "that a plan of unified administration of the pen- by the representative on the Commission from the sion funds of Chicago be adopted." Municipal Employees' Pension Board, Mr. John P. Dillon : In reply to the Federation's letter of inquiry under "My opinion is that this Board is not empowered date of February 27, 1926, you stated in your letter with authority to investigate the Pension Fund con- of March 13 that you had referred that letter to the cerning the teachers of Chicago . They are work- Corporation Counsel and you quoted the following from ing for an organization which is not a part of the a communication you had received from him : corporation of the City of Chicago-they are work- ing for the school district of Chicago . So I take "With reference to the letter of Mary M. Abbe, it that our authority from the City Council does which you referred to this office, inquiring whether not empower us to go into the matter of teachers' or not the Chicago Teachers' Pension and Retire- pensions ." ment Fund is one of the funds to be investigated by the Pension Commission which the City Council The fact that the pension boards of the policemen, authorized and directed the Mayor to appoint. firemen and municipal employees are all represented on the Commission and that the Teachers' Pension Board Alderman Albert, Chairman, and several individual is not represented on that Commission, tended to con- members of the Commission, inform us that they firm the opinion of the members of the Commission do not contemplate any investigation of the Chi- as reported in the above quotation from the Corpora- cago Teachers' Pension and Retirement Fund and tion Counsel's letter to you. are of the opinion that the jurisdiction of the Com- mission does not extend to said fund. " In order that the teachers may be fully and reliably informed on this question of vital interest to the twelve While the quotation from the letter from the Cor- thousand contributors to the Chicago Teachers' Pension poration Counsel contains only the opinion of the Fund, this request for information is respectfully sub- Chairman and several unnamed individual members of mitted. the Commission, the teachers relied upon the assur- The Pension Commission meets on Monday, Septem- ance that the jurisdiction of the Pension Commission ber 20, at 3 P. M., when the Actuary's Report and did not extend to the Teachers' Pension Fund and their Recommendations will be before the Commission . Pension Law, and especially as the Commission made Very sincerely yours , no objection to the following statement made at the (Signed) MARY M. ABBE , meeting of the Pension Commission on May 17, 1926, President. Be Sure to Register October 2. 14 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18 , 1926 Photographic Reproduction CHICAGO DAILY JOURNAL, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1926 ASK BIG BOOST IN LOOP TAXES REPORT BARES average increase is about 110 per cent. Members of the tax equalization committee of the city council, whe are also members of the body's finance committee and as such thor- oughly familiar with the precarious financial condition in which the citys finds itself year after year , Herald Examiner were elated over the findings in the report SHORTAGE IN Do Not Hope for Agreement Although none of them dared to hope that the board of review will agree in full with the demands of the city for Increases in loop valuations, Sept 11-1926 APPRAISALS based on the Manufacturers' Appraisal; company's report, they were quite. confident that the showing the city will make will have a salutary effect POVERTY HALTS and will lead to substantial increases in loop valuations and, as a result , in Real estate in the loop is under- valued more than $600,000,000. Its fair full cash value is more than revenues from taxation for city and school purposes. Assessments , based on loop valu- SCHOOL PLANS ations establised in the report , they double the amount fixed in 1925 for taxation purposes by the board of re- pointed out would increase the rev. enue from the downtown district Survey Indicates Acute Short view. for city and school purposes from age of Funds for Neces- The board valued the real estate $18,120,000 to $38,076,000. The city in the district at $602,890,380. which now derives $8,538,000 for cor- sary Work . porate purposes from the district , Its fair cash value is approximately would obtain $11,638,000. $1,268,000,000, as estimated by the Increase Would Accomplish Much An acute shortage of funds for Manufacturers ' Appraisal company in i This increase of more than $3,000 ,- the scheduled work of Chleago pub- a report made today to the joint tax 000, aldermen explained, would take He schools was indicated late yes . equalization committee of the city care of the salary increases for the council and the board of education. terday at the close of an exhaustive police and fire departments, the mem- Forms Basis of Complaint bers of which have been promised survey of comparative finances as The greater part of the report laforce boostand of of $300a alarge year, number of the clerical of un- against appropriations held. in a reached the committee with the bal . closed session of the Board of Edu- ow before the day is over. derpaid city employes, such as health officers in schools, which for years cation and board of superintendente. It is to form the basis for complaints have been clamoring for better pay, against insufficient valuations of loop "The schools will remain at holdings, which the comiLittee will but which always have been put off standstill no progress can be made file with the board of revien on Satur- with promises for the future. There unless new financial life blood is in- would be enough left to add $500,000 day as part of its drive for equaliza- to the street cleaning fund and restore fused into the organization," Super- tion of tax valuations, increase of rev. intendent William McAndrew de- enue from taxation and ultimate re- the regular street cleaning service. duction of the tax rate . The educational fund of the school clared as he left the meeting. board would obtain $12,145,000 instead No part of the program could be company's report, which cov of the $8,780,000 it derives at present the Theapproximately he said later, adding that ers 2,500 holdings in from the loop taxes, and the dan sacrificed, the district bounded on the east by existing shortage of 435 rooms, the lake, on the north and west by! ger of the proposed increase of $1 in in high schools would be covered by the river and on the south by Roose- the tax rate for this fund wouldbe the 1926-1927 building plans . velt road, fixes the values uniformly greatly reduced, while the income of No figures on the potential cuts in at more than double the amount es- the building fund would be boosted expenses were revealed by member tablished by the board of review. The from $3,010,000 to $6,325,000. Lof the Board of Educ Be Sure to Register October 2 . September 18, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 15 Photographic Reproduction Chicago Journal, Sept. 11, 1926 Chicago American, Sept. 11, 1926 Howard News, Sept. 16, 1926 THREATEN TO DENYSHORTAGE SENN SHOP LOSES COURSES To Transfer Equipment To CUTSALARIES OF CASH WILL Junior High Schools Despite the heated protest regis tered by business men and residenti of Edgewater at a special meeting OF TEACHERS CURB SCHOOLS President Edward B. Ellicott of called at the Sovereign hotel several weeks ago, the board of education is preparing to inaugurate the new economy policy destined to eliminate the board of education today denied shop courses at Senn high school and aseries of sensational rumors to the School Board Members Con- effect thatofthere is to be drastic cur- compelling parents desirous of hav essential school activ- ing their cildren secure a technical tailment ities, including the possibility of education to send them to distant fer on Necessity of Re- closing down the entire school sys- technical schools. tem for a month or more, in order Petitions protesting the discontinu trenching Under Budget to meet impending deficiencies in school funds . ance of technical courses at Senn have not been widely distributed or Reports that the board would be signed, in the opinion of Benjamin Problems of retrenchment all along unable to meet its payrolls in De- B. Buck, Senn high school principal the line on the educational budget of cember, and that a $2,500,000 short- Business men and their associations the public schools, including the pos- age would force a condition of chaos, as well as interested citizens have fail- sibility of cutting teachers' salaries, apparently came. Col. Ellicott said, as the result of a meeting held yes- ed to bring sufficient influence to were before a conference of members terday during which a policy of re- bear upon the board of education. of the board of education and heads trenchment was discussed. Following are some of the econo- of departments in the office of Supt. "But this policy, " said the board mies which Principal Buck has been McAndrew. head, " was in line with what we requested to put into effect imme- The board is confronted with the have been discussing for months. We are endeavoring to cut out those diately: Consolidate classes in me- necessity of making heavy retrench. things in the school system which do chanical drawing so that each teacher ments to make ends meet, with its the least good and encumber it with will instruct eight classes per day of present revenue, according to Mr. Mc- unnecessary financial burdens. 35 pupils each. Consolidate classes Andrew . "There will not be," Mr. Ellicott in woodworking, forge, foundry, ma- said, " any shutting off of the penny chine practice, printing and elec Lunch Price Threatened lunch system in the schools, not will tricity, so that each teacher will in "We have under consideration the any other phase of meritorious and struct four double period classes of essential activity be curtailed. question of cuts in every activity of 25 pupils each , postpone installation the educational department-penny of auto classes until other classes. Junches, manual training, household CUT IN SALARIES have been built up to standard, elimi nate pottery, stagecraft , jewelry and arts, and teachers' salaries," said Mr. OF TEACHERS NOT arts craft. McAndrew . "The board of education, The communication from the board however, I bellevo, regards the sal- BEING PLANNED also requests that the principal be aries as the last that should be cut. prepared to have all equipment trans In New York you can't cut teachers' salaries . They are fixed by statute. "The question of getting more Budget of the Schools leased to list through the countershigh who school may beand the changes. money by increase of valuations of This Year Amounts taxable property or increase of the tax rate for educational purposes can. to $42,000,000. Eliminate 50 not be considered at this conference. We may consider only what we have. Public school teachers' salaries hot what we may get." The seemed safe from any cut now or in earcitional budget of the the near future today after an all- schools this year is $42,000.000. Of afternoon "retrenchment conference" TeachingJobs this, $32,000,000 was raised by direct by heads of the school administration taxation . Other sources of income in clude rentals and income from school and members of the board of education to Cut Costs fund, totaling about $1,000,000, and yesterday. the state fund and state appropria- Expenses of the school system are Saving of more than $ 100,000 to the tions. Officials in the business de mounting and executives are seeking public schools by the elimination of partment say that the board by the to pare down expenses to the mini- fifty teachers' positions in the high end of this year will have reached mum and at the same time increase schools was announced in the office The end of its borrowing power. revenue . of Supt. McAndrews today. Seek More Reventie But no reduction of teachers' sala These teachers, however, are not to be Mr. Meanwhile, there are on foot two ries was discussed, it was said today Mendremovedfrom the payrollin measures to obtain more money, so at Superintendent McAndrews' office. in their present positions temporarily that retrenchments which may be And it is not probable these wages wili and will be put at the head of the husful to the system niay not be be cut. necessary . One is the work of thie assignment list to be given other as- 7 joint committee of the board and the The schools are approaching the signments as vacancies occur. This means a check on the normal city council to effect an increase of limit of their borrowing power, and, increase of the teaching force. In line property valuations for taxing pur- besides increasing revenue thru re- with the policy of retrenchment adopt. poses: the other is a move started by valuation of real estate for taxing pur- ed by school officials, Supt. MeAn the board to put on the ballot at poses, a move has been started to put drew sent a bulletin to the principals the November election' a proposition on the November ballot a proposition asking them if there were any posi for increasing the tax rate from $1.92 of increasing the tax rate from $1.92 tions in their schools that could be to $2.92 for each $100 of assessed val- X to $2.92 for each $100 assessed valua- dispensed with. The replies received ation. tion. supplied information that led to the order abolishing fifty positions . Chicago Post, Sept. 11. 1926 Chicago Journal. Sept. 13. 1926 16 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18, 1926 Newspaper Clippings Give Graphic Picture of Cause and Effect In First Column, Tribune Prints Story of Under Assessment -Last , Story of School Economies Photographic Reproduction CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE : SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1926. STATE STREET . The Chicago theater, 171-175 N. State . 3,664.930 848,324: Capitol building-151- Board of Education LOOP DISTRICT'S 165 N. State....... State-Lake Theater building-174-06 Ν. 4,780,741 1,009,690 Plans Economies to State 5,272.583 2,780,545 Hillman's department Keep Schools Running REALTY RATED AT store. 28-30 State N. Carson, Pirie, Scott 5,823,115 3,888,930 District superintendents and board of education met yesterday for the building, 1-29 S. a. preliminary survey of the budget for State 9.712.843 5,650.476 the remainder of the year to détermine $1,268,000,000 Palmer House, 101- 125 S. State The Fair, 126-144 S. State 19.007.865 7,510.011 7.048.502 4.632.502 what part of the educational system could be curtailed or eliminated in order to effect a saving that would The Fair. 123-141 S. Dearborn 5,181.451 3,181,723 avert such drastic measures as trim- Davis Store . 301-341 ming salaries, closing the schools for. S. State 17.900.40 9.925,222 a month, or shutting down the eve- Council Appraisers Finish DEARBORN STREET . Harris & Selwyn the- aters 170-80 N. ning continuation schools . They met reluctantly because, as Dearborn 3.612.456 890,974 Supt. William McAndrew had said: -Hearings to Start. Woods theater-150- 66 N. Dearborn ... 1.720.202 1,100.220 " Every department of the educational system was instituted because there Apollo theater- 133- 49 N. Dearborn .. 1.926.532 904,060 was real need for it. Any curtailment Hamiltor club-14-26 is a drastic measure. If a saving has Joop and directly adjoining prop- S. Dearborn . 2.220.638 1.093,014 to be made by reduction the schools erty should be , valued, for tax pur- National City Lank Bldg. 101-07 S. will come to a standstill. No progress poses , at $ 1,268,000,000, according to Dearborn 1.919,645 1,277,573, can be made unless new financial life- a report made yesterday by the Manu- Marquette Bldg.- blood is infused into the organization ." 132-48 S. Dearborn 4.599.611 3,006,562 facturers' Appraisal company. Based Great Northern ho- The meeting was secret, but it was on the report, some 2,000 tax com. tel- 229-43 S. learned that some of the measures plaints are to be filed with the board Dearborn 3,002,945 2,001,600 suggestedwere a reduction of the sup- Union League club- of review by attorneys for the joint 61-69 W. Jackson . 3,201,467 852,718 ply budget, holding the high school equalization committee of the city Transportation Blog . teaching staff at its present number council and the board of education . -600-30 S. Dear- this term, cancellation of the program born 3,299.628 1,437,460 Figures used as a basis for the com- to provide vocational advisors to visit CLARK STREET . the children's homes for consultation plaints were turned over to the com- Ashland Block, 151- with the parents, taking technical mittee yesterday by the appraisal com- 65 N. Clark . 2,039,783 1,126,760 pany, which just completed valuations Planters Hotel and equipment from the academic high on all land and buildings in the sis- Adelphi theater. 9- schools, and a reduction of the main- 19 N. Clark. 1,900,958 918,246 tenance expenses of Crane Technical trict bounded by the lake, the river, Morrison hotel, 1-11 High school. and Roosevelt road . In 1925 the board S. Clark 12,176,485 4.823,594 Edison Bldg ., 125- No definite action was taken, but of review valued the property in ques- 9.692,670 4,793,320 Col. Edward B. Ellicott, president of 41 S. Clark tion at $602,890,380 . Sherman House, the board, said there will be no need Following is a list of some of the im- 1.50-68 Ν. Clark . 5,450.284 2,365,800 next year for such action to reduce Standard Trust portant properties in the loop their Bldg ., 140-48 S. expenditures . Heretofore he has said addresses , and the valuations . The Clark 3,141,784 2,073,596 one of these measures would be neces- first figure in each instance is the LA SALLE STREET. sary unless the board of education re- appraisal company's valuation and the Chamber of Commerce- ceived at least $3,500,000 additional second that of the board of review: 27-43 N. La Salle . 3,516,950 2,276,642 from an increased taxation. Northern Trust Co.- MICHIGAN AVENUE . 34-30 S. La Salle .. 2.961,960 1,999.142 London Guar. Bldg.- Μ. Α. B.R Cont. & Comm . Bk.- TribuNE - Sept. 12-1926. 200-16 S. La Salle 14,380,237 9,093,072 342-60 Ν . Mich ...$ 4,806,115 797,520 Fed. Res . Bank- 224-38 S. La Salle 7.454,628 Tower Bldg .-2-8 N. Michigan 3,393,428 1,652,950 Board of Trade- 5,305,650 ELLICOTT PLANS Chicago A. Assn.- 300-320 S. LaSalle 3.946,815 3,087,996 10-16 S. Michigan . 2,139,059 1,419,716 WABASH AVENUE . ECONOMY MOVE, Univ. Club Bldg.-36- Marshall Field An- 40 S. Michigan ... 1,968,935 959,763 nex-20-32 N Wab . 5,775,023 3,290,190 Illinois Ath . Club- Marshall Field Str.- TAKES VACATION 110-14 S. Michigan . 2,186,887 1,219.584 102-130 Ν. Wab .. 11,091,351 6,211,459 Peoples Gas, Light & Marshall Field Str.- Col. Edward B. Ellicott, president Coke Co. Bldg.- 105-31. N. State... 15,785,959 7,318,502 of the school board , held a last minute 120-38 S. Mich ... 9,870,831 6,901,125 Tobey Furn . Co.-27- conference with school officials yester- Railway Exch. Bldg . 37 N. Wabash.... 2,255,195 1,504,288 222-38 S. Mich .. 7,133,519 3,845,053 Kesner Bldg .-1-9 N. ' day before leaving for a two weeks' Straus Bldg .-300-16 Wabash 3,780,060 1,852,542 vacation . S. Michigan 11,202,355 2,716,000 Stevens Store Bldg.- Chicago Club-400-06 16-18 N. Wabash . The discussion centered mainly, the 1,726,370 999,970 S. Michigan ....... 2,197,787 1,308,036 Steven's Store Bldg .一 president said, about the question of Harvester Bldg .-600- 17-25 N. State... 4,473,030 1,461,587 economy which will permit the schools 06 S. Michigan ... 2,648,450 1,364,242 Mandel Bros. Store to function as long as possible with- Blackstone 2-14 N. Wabash ... 4,621,737, 2,246,166 Horan 3.420.879 632-40 S. Michigan 1,791,276 Mandel Bros, Store out an increased revenue. Standard Oil Bldg.- 1-19 N. State..... 11,452,342 4,299,244 The first attempt at economy will 900-1006 S. Mich . 4,891,333 2,277,846 Alex. H. Revell Co.- be made in the new buildings that WELLS STREET . 125-41 S. Wabash . 3,012,752 2,092,834 Ins ... Exch . Bldg .- Lyon & Healy Bldg . have just been completed. Col. Elli- 301-21 S. Wells ... 8.612,581 4,160,000 -237-245 S.Wab . 3,081,921 2,095,292 cott said the educational department Marshall Field Whole- Illinois Theater -61- sale Bldg.-200-18 65 E. Jackson ..... 1,061,453 806,445 was coöperating with the board to sug. S. Wells 4,527,526 2,776,422 Blackstone Thoater- gest every possible reduction in the 60-68 E : th St .. 598.282 277,738 running expenses of the schools . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 17 September 18, 1926 Superintendent's "Hand-Picked Con- ference " Confronted with Heavy Program Summoned to Consider All- Year School, Teacher Exchange with Britain, Etc. For the first time since the establishment of In the previous notices of meetings printed the Superintendent's “hand-picked confer- in The Bulletin and dated June 15, 1925 ; ence" (so called by Mr. Mullenbach) and January 29, 1926, and February 24, 1926, the otherwise known as the Chicago Public School Superintendent himself has signed them. The Teachers' Council, the Superintendent has dozen topics outlined in the September 16 sent out a call for a meeting without attach- notice are to be "discussed" with him in his ing his own signature. office after school Tuesday, September 21 . Photographic Reproduction BOARD OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CITY OF CHICAGO SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS WILLIAM MCANDREW. EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 460 SOUTH STATE STREET ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENTS TELEPHONE WABASH 9210 WILLIAM J. BOGAN MORGAN G. HOGGE CLARENCE E. DEBUTTS CHARLES D. LOWRY ELIZABETH W. MURPHY SUBJECT: September 16 , 1926 . TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS ' COUNCIL , CHICAGO , ILLINOIS . Ladies and Gentlemen : Enough matters have accumulated to make a calendar sufficient to occupy a meeting . As many as can find it convenient are requested to meet in Room 703 , 460 S. State Street at 4 P.M. , Tuesday , September 21st . Following are the matters on hand : 1- All-year school . Put over from last meeting . 2- Suggestions for the committee on revising course of study . It wants definite suggestions from anyone who will volunteer to give results of experience , or of observation of other school systems , etc. , particularly in the line of citizenship training , social studies , etd . , which are coming to the front in school systems throughout the country . 3- Recognition of Emeritus Service . The Chicago Principals Association gave a dinner to principals retired on the Emeritus List . New York , Detroit , Dayton , within the year have given dinners to retiring teachers . Emeritus means " honored" . It should not be permitted to deteriorate into merely retired . The Superintendent has written the President asking co - operation of the Board in some suitable ceremony during the winter . 4- Improvement of the public school system . Contributed by Mr. M. G. Hogge . 5- Simplified closing exercises , breaking down old traditional idea of completion of work at the end of sixth grade , eighth grade , twelfth grade , etc. 6- Exchange of teachers with British School Systems . 7- Teachers ' Insurance presented by Mr. P.E.Pope . 8- Conduct of teachers ' meetings presented by Mr. W. T. Born . 9- Request of Committee on Education , American Federation of Labor . Enquiry regarding old and new objectives in Education presented by Henry R. Linville . 10-Spring Vacation fix time for .- 11- Christian Family Crusade . Presented by Mr. Wm . T. Holderby . 12- Whatever proposition any member desires laid before the Council. Elea 3. De 3.Prinsley E. Z. BRINSLEY, EZB Secretary. Be Sure to Register October 2 . 18 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18, 1926 How-do-you-do, Senator Glackin, How-do-you-do Is There Anything That We Can Do for You ? With a national pension movement, which If the movement to nationalize teachers' has found voice through the National Educa- pension laws succeeds, Congress may create a tion Association, to have Congress enact laws Federal Board for the control and administra- concerning teachers' pensions, thereby substi- tion of Teachers' pension funds, thereby tak- tuting federal for state control of teachers' ing that control away from boards now pensions, the teachers of Chicago turn to their controlled by the teachers who are the con- good friend, Senator Glackin, who is candi- tributors. date for Congress from the third Congres- We need someone in Congress who will sional district in Chicago. make the same fight for teachers there that For all the 20 years that Senator Glackin Senator Glackin made for us all those years was a member of the Illinois State Senate, he in the Illinois State Senate. was the peerless guardian of the Chicago The teachers have never had a more loyal Teachers' Pension Fund. It was Senator or active friend in the legislature than Senator Glackin who proposed and urged that the Chi- Glackin. He voted for every bill in whose cago Teachers take the bold step of asking passage the teachers were interested and the Legislature to provide for public money against every bill the teachers opposed. for the Chicago Teachers' Pension fund by a The teachers had Senator Glackin's help special tax rate for their fund, the same as when they needed it. Teachers of the thiro the Chicago firemen, policemen and municipal Congressional district and throughout the city employes had had for years. can best reciprocate by doing all in their power to elect Senator Glackin to Congress Senator Glackin gave us no peace until in for the further protection of their pension 1921 such a bill had been drafted and pre- and other interests and the interests of the sented to the legislature. He guaranteed to schools . have it go through and it did. Now we have The third Congressional district is in the public funds from that tax rate amounting to southwest corner of the city in the Beverly $500,000 a year as a result of that bill . Sen- Hills district . ator Glackin's work in obtaining that law was not only important, it was essential to its suc- PLUS cess from start to finish . Professor-I take pleasure in giving you 81 in mathematics . LOVELY Student-Make it 100, sir, and thoroughly Little girl (playing landlady, to prospective enjoy yourself. London Answers. tenant)-Have you any parents ? Now Is the Time to Select Your "Yes, madam-two." Fur Coat "Ah, I'm sorry. We never take children with parents. " -Punch, London. Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at STAEDTER'S 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher MACLEAN COLLEGE ofand Music, Dramatic Speech Arts "The Little College" for particular people. Vocal Art, Musical Comedy, Stage Craft MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten Expression, Public Speaking, Dramatic Art. months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. A perfectly equipped miniature theater for practical work Eccellent In structors, Individual Attention, Convenient Location, Enter at Any Time, THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies. Promotional Credits for Teachers 15 Cents. DR. J. C. MACLEAN M. CATHERINE LYONS Director Music Dept. Director Speech Arts Dept. LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. 2835 S. Michigan Ave. Phone Victory 7514 CHICAGO ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of PHONE STATE 7698 G. Finch , Prop. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American HOGAN SHOE REPAIR SHOP Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Shoe Repairing of the Better Class Work Done While You Wait Phone Central 3904 26 W. Washington St., 5th Floor Be Sure to Register October 2 . September 18, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 19 You Must Register in Order to Vote ENRICI'S is famous no less Registration Days October 2 and October 12 H for the enduring and deep Everyone must register either on October friendships it has won than 2 or October 12 in order to vote at the general election November 2 for the tax amendment for the quality of the foods to the state constitution and for members of it serves and for the great the Legislature and other important offices, county, state and national. volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- The first general registration day is October day, before the matinee, it is the great 2. The second and last registration day is October 12 . central meeting place. Even those who registered last spring must register again in October to be eligible to vote in the November election . HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS , PRESIDENT ANNOUNCEMENT Chicago Symphony Orchestra 67 W. Randolph St. Teachers desiring tickets for the popular concerts will please communicate at once with Between Dearborn and Clark Streets Mrs. May O. Kinsey, 5452 Calumet Avenue. Phone Drexel 3468 . No orchestral din AN UNFAIR COMPARISON Fits Like The teacher (a lady of uncertain age) was 10 % trying to teach little Pat the names of the Off to a Glove ! kings of England. Teachers You can get quality and style "When I was your age," she said, reproach- in most any brand of shoes, fully, " I could repeat the names of the kings but you can't get Glove Grip Comfort in any shoes but backwards and forwards ." Arnolds. The glove-fitting "I don't doubt that, miss," said little Pat ; instep is patented. The "but when you was my age there wasn't so Pasadena Combination Lasts many kings."-Irish Weekly Times . $10-$11-$12 ARNOLD GLOVE GRIP BOOT SHOP SUBSCRIPTION Room 206 6 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago, Ill. to MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 2001 STRAUS BLDG. TELEPHONE HARRISON 0904 Name . LAURA MAE HAYWARD Address . Educational Adviser (Street and Number) A PERSONAL SERVICE PLACING GIRLS AND BOYS IN SCHOOLS AND CAMPS ADAPTED TO THEIR INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENTS City THIS SERVICE IS WITHOUT CHARGE Subscription price $2.00 per year. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor , Suite 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg ., 127 TEACHERS !! LetMeAttendYou Before Vacation N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. SUPERFLUOUS HAIR Removed by Multiple Electrolysis GUARANTEED PERMANENT AND SATISFACTORY For Rent-Modern kitchenette and bedroom . LOUISE B. EVERETT Good transportation. Call evenings and week- Personal Service ends. 3055 Warren Avenue. 17 N. State Street-Dearborn 5277 Be Sure to Register October 2. 20 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 18, 1926 GREENE'S 230-34 So. Michigan Boulevard Near Jackson High Quality Merchandise No Exorbitant Prices QUALITY COATS AT SALE PRICES FUR COATS CLOTH COATS $ 115 $54 Save $75 to $125 Wonderfully styled and fur trimmed. A group of Caracul, Muskrat, North- smart winter coats worth ern Seal , Mendoza, $75 and $85. Beaver and Raccoon- Others ranging in price Opossum. from $25 to $295. 10% DISCOUNT TO TEACHERS A Small Deposit Will Hold Your Coat Until Wanted DISTINCTIVE PERMANENT FLOWERS FOR ALL OCCASIONS WAVING SpecialAppointment Time Set Aside for Teachers Anne Heathcote Studio Streiff&Dagobert ✓ FLORISTS, 608 Republic Building-209 South State Street Telephone Harrison 9060 Expert Designer of Floral Art Nevada 0217 3211 W. Madison St. FRANCES Specializes in Cutting Curly Hair M. H. DAGOBERT, Mgr . SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS EXIT Make Your Own EADED BAGS IGURE MOLDS CERSET ATS SAVE HALF Repaired, Relined and Duplicated Enterthe new"Dream" DetachableTop FigureMold. B Silk Bags Made to Order DE LUXE BAG SHOP 711 Venetian Bldg. 15 E. WashingtonSt. F Clean and Dainty for Summer. 10% Discount to Teachers. Mrs. L. MacPHERSON 517 Venetian Bldg. 15 E. Washington St. H Our free designing, cutting andpinning service makes it possible. 10% discount to teachers MILLINERY SUPPLY CO. Room 906-17 N. State St. ORSETS ILLINERY SUPPLIES UR REMODELED COATS Including FREE designing service of cut- Gossard Corsets ting, fitting and pinning materials selected. C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison F During the summer at $25 Furs Stored Free THEO . ABELES 17 N. State St. Dea. 3382 Saves 50% on hats. 10% disc. to teachers. MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. NEWEST STYLES PATS EDUCING GARMENTS URS ALL FURS New Spring Styles Bridge Corsets and F REMODELINF , CLEANING REPAIRING FANCHON L. TROEGER, Inc. 4thfloor RepublicBldg.,State at Adams,Wab. 5555 H Popular Prices KORA FOWLER 30 N. Michigan R Surgical Supports BERTHA BRIDGE 926 Marshall Field Annex Central 6328 Be Sure to Register October 2. 00 20 A NO. IV MargaretHaley's 2 BULLETIN Chicago, Ill . 28 September 30, 1926 October Let us walk in the purple October; Let us wander away to the hills Where the gold and the crimson commingle, Where the haze, in its purple, fills The air with a nebulous dreaming, And town-weary feet may tread The somnolent aisles of the forest, With a motionless sky overhead . Let us walk in the purple October; Let us dream and, forgetting the ways That lead through the turmoil and trouble Of life in these strenuous days, Let us see on the palette of Nature, In its pigments of crimson and golds, A picture of rest and of rapture Which the Master of masters unfolds . -W . J. Lampton . Pittsburgh School Bulletin , October, 1926. 22 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1926 A Special For Your Desk Σταθακίos... butnotExpensive A Discount of In the last month nearly two thousand of these Fountain Pen Desk Sets have been sold by our representatives in al- MurrayBlackCo. 10% 21 N. Wabash Ave. Ground Floor Allowedto School Teachers most every state in the Union. Between Madison and Washington The pen is a regular fountain pen with a wonderfully smooth CHICAGO'S Murray- writing point and the stand GREATEST Black keeps it in position for instant Furs Are usage. You'll want one at school Guaranteed and another in your writing desk. FUR The price? Six-fifty, sub- ject to your Federation discount. Bring your Fed- SALE eration card with you to MUSKRAT COATS-Silver and dark get it. Skins trimmed with Fox collars. Full Mail orders will be length. Special... $225 filled at the wholesale HUDSON SEAL - Luxurious full price if you enclose this advertisement length models. Skunk (Marten), Squirrel, Kolinsky and with your remittance. quetemmelinskyand.......$275 CARACUL COATS - In the new A Small shades of Chestnut Brown and gray, trimmed with Fox collar and cuffs. Deposit Full length. Holds Your Special at... $150 Choice JAP MINK - Beautifully trimmed with Fox collars . Foronly .. $395 RACCOON COATS for the college girl. Flapper and Tomboy Raccoon coats. Made to sell for $450. 42 inches long. Dark Buy with Confidence skins. Special at....... $235 MARMINK COATS - Beautifully Murray - Black Co. guarantees every gar- finished, smart Mink appearance. ment to give utmost No. TF1100-$6.50 List Impressive examples of workman- satisfaction. Reliable ship. Specially priced this sale .... $175 skins, highest grade of workmanship. See MAY & MALONE , INC. them and be con- Other Values Just As Great vinced. WHOLESALE DEALERS 18th Floor 29 E. Madison St. REDUCING MASSAGE MISS ELIN GUSTAVSON'S Massage and Exercise Studio Corrective Gymnastics for Developing and Reducing Room 1314 Venetian Building For Ladies Only 15 East Washington Street MaryAdams'Hi-Archa Shoe Office Phone: Dearborn 4777 OXFORD No. 1383 Now Is the Time to Select Your Made with Fur Coat a low, Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at flat heel STAEDTER'S 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. MACLEAN COLLEGE ofand Music, Dramatic Speech Arts "The Little College" for particular people. Vocal Art, Musical Comedy, Stage Craft Expression, Public Speaking, DramaticArt. A perfectly equipped miniature theater for practical work Excellent Instructors, Individual Attention, Convenient Location, Enter at Any Time, Promotional Credits for Teachers DR. J. C. MACLEAN M. CATHERINE LYONS Director Music Dept. Director Speech Arts Dept. 2835 S. Michigan Ave. Phone Victory 7514 CHICAGO Among other corrective features are the all steel arch and the combination last. New Fall Styles Now on Display At your All the popular furs in the newest Neighborhood Write us for style booklet and Dealer name of your nearest dealer. designs. Prices that please. HARPER & KIRSCHTEN Siegel&Barth MFRS. 231 W. MONROE ST . 39 So. State St. Dear. 6023 and 3359 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL. 4. No. 2 September 30, 1926 Page 23 From the Masthead by The Lookout History Repeats Itself! To the Teachers of Chicago: When public officials make public state- these instances the financial statements chal- ments that are at variance with each other lenged have been proved incorrect, and those and with official records, the responsibility who challenged them were sustained. The rests upon such public officials to reconcile fund involved in each controversy, including these "variances ." the present one, has been the educational Whenever official statements in regard to fund ; and the particular expenditure from the available resources and estimated ex- that fund around which the storm has always penditures of the Board of Education have centered has been the expenditure for teach- been questioned by the representatives of the ers' salaries. teachers, these representatives have assumed, In 1909 a Bill was introduced in the legisla- not only the burden of proof, but, also, the ture to provide a Stable Salary Fund for the responsibility for furnishing the teachers the Chicago teachers. Their salaries had been pertinent facts and a reasonable interpreta- going up and down like the teeth of a saw tion thereof. for ten years : up every year a mayor was to This report attempts to set forth a set of be elected, down in the off years and both up pertinent facts and a reasonable interpreta- and down in one year, 1907-up before the tion thereof, a knowledge and interpretation election and down when the new mayor came of which are essential to an understanding of in. Mayors were then elected every two years . the present controversy in regard to the This Bill authorized the Chicago Board of Board's finances, as set forth in the Bulletin Education to do what the law, for five years, of September 18 . had allowed all boards of education in Illinois The present controversy is the fifth experi- outside of Chicago to do that is, to pay the ence of the Chicago teachers in which official cost of repairs to school buildings out of the financial statements in regard to the resources building fund. The Chicago board in 1909 or expenditures of the Board of Education, or was still paying that cost out of the educa- both, have been challenged. The first was in tional fund at a loss to that fund of about 1909, the second in 1912, the third in 1915, $600,000 a year. and the fourth in 1921 and 1922. In each of In order to be sure that this $600,000, when 24 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1926 released from payment for repairs, would be ber left Springfield, arriving in Chicago that used to pay teachers' salaries and thereby evening in time to reach the regular eight make it possible to enforce the existing salary o'clock meeting of the Board of Education, schedule which was threatened , there was a too late for the roll call, but in time to hear provision in the Bill specifically limiting the the assistant secretary of the Board read a amount the Board could expend from the edu- communication, dated May 19, from the then cational fund for "Incidentals," that is, for chairman of the Finance Committee, in which payment for purposes other than salaries of he charged that the figures published by the teachers and engineers . That limit was fixed teachers were wrong and "at variance. " The at 121½ per cent of the total educational fund. communication did not say with what these The Board claimed 1212 per cent was too low. figures were " at variance." With this com- The teachers' figures showed that for three munication the chairman of the Finance Com- years the average yearly cost of "Incidentals" mittee transmitted to the Board the Auditor's (exclusive of repairs ) was only 11.88 per cent certified statement that had been chased to of the total educational fund. This percent- Springfield and back again. age was ascertained from the actual expendi- Page 960 of the proceedings of that meeting tures for "Incidentals" for the three years shows that, on motion of this member of the 1906, 1907 and 1908, as shown in the official Board just arrived from Springfield, action printed proceedings of the Board of Educa- on the auditor's certified statement was de- tion . ferred temporarily . The story picks up again In support of the Board's contention that at page 991 of those proceedings and shows 121½ per cent was too low, an official certified that later in the meeting, on the request of statement, dated May 17, 1909, signed by the this Board member, the "official" certified then auditor of the Board of Education, ad- statement was referred back to the auditor dressed to the then president of the Board of "for the purpose of having him prepare for Education, was taken to Springfield on the printing in the proceedings of that day, a de- night of May 18 by the then secretary of the tailed summary of this $600,000." The audi- Board of Education and by him delivered to tor's detailed summary, elsewhere called members of the legislature on the morning "Supplemental Statement," dated May 22, of May 19 . 1909, is printed in the proceedings of May 19 Teachers Challenge Board on that same page, 991 . While this official certified statement was This " Supplemental Statement " of May 22 secretly ( ? ) speeding to Springfield on the sustained the charge of the teachers that the night of May 18 the teachers' representatives, auditor's certified statement of May 17 in re- with the aid of a certified accountant, were gard to the amount expended in 1908 for checking this " official" statement of the audi- " Incidentals " ( exclusive of cost of repairs ) tor and proving that their 11.88 per cent was was padded and that the affidavit of May 18, correct and that there was a discrepancy-a of the certified accountant employed by the "variance " of $600,000 between that official teachers , was correct. statement and the official printed proceedings Even before this Board member had fol- of the Board of Education . lowed that stray $600,000 through its devious An affidavit of the certified accountant em- course, it had played an eventful role. That ployed by the teachers, confirming the ac- $ 600,000 was borrowed from the banks in curacy of their 11.88 per cent and setting 1907 on tax anticipation warrants issued forth all the official figures showing this against the 1907 tax levy of the educational "variance " of $600,000 between the auditor's fund, collectible in 1908. It was borrowed to certified statement and the official printed pay teachers' salaries which had been raised proceedings , was delivered to a member of the in February, 1907. Board of Education early in the morning of The newly elected mayor, in May, 1907, vio- May 19 ; the affidavit was taken to Springfield lently and illegally removed that Board mem- that morning by that Board member and by ber, together with seven others who had voted him presented that afternoon to the secre- for that raise, and appointed a new Board. tary of the Board of Education and to mem- The first act of the new Board in July was bers of the legislature to whom the secretary to cut the teachers' salaries, and take away had, that morning, delivered the "official" that "raise." The removed Board members certified statement of the auditor of the were restored by the Supreme Court in Jan- Board . uary , 1909. They came back to the Board in That afternoon ( May 19) this Board mem- time to find that this $600,000 which had been September 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 25 borrowed in 1907 to pay teachers' salaries and not less than $2,500 . This Bill was defeated expended in that year for salaries had been by the same old tactics-padded estimates- charged against the expenditures of 1907 ; as shown by photographic reproductions of and that the $600,000 in cash received from the official documents, printed in this Bulle- 1908 taxes, which cash was paid to the bank- tin, and discussed later in this report. ( See ers in 1908 to return that loan, was charged Exhibit B, page 34. ) to 1908 expenditures for “Incidentals" in the In 1912 the Board of Education had a wind- " official " certified statement of the auditor fall in the educational fund. The lessees of sent to Springfield on May 18 in order to dis- School-Fund lands in the loop had, for seven credit the teachers' figures and kill their years, refused to pay the increased rentals " Stable Salary Bill." The auditor's state- due under the 1905 appraisal of these lands. ment sent to Springfield and printed in the Under the ruling of the courts the lessees, in proceedings, page 960, did not reveal how the 1912, paid these increased rentals, which, with padding was done, but the one referred to as interest, amounted to more than a million the " Supplemental Statement" of the auditor dollars . printed on page 991 does show how the jug- Under the law these rentals can be used gling of receipts and padding of expenditures only for payment of teachers' salaries . The was accomplished. teachers asked for an increase in salary from And the last state of the conscience of this more than a million additional revenue . that auditor of the Board of Education must The Board refused on the ground that, accord- have been worse than the first because of the ing to the statement presented by the then facts that he revealed in his second effort to secretary, the entire amount of the increased conceal facts that couldn't be concealed . rentals was needed to take care of certain Teachers' Challenge Sustained specified salary obligations already incurred. This supplemental statement of the auditor The teachers retorted by challenging both the of the Board of Education and the official rec- correctness of this estimate presented to the ords in connection therewith are a lasting Board by the secretary and the fairness of testimony of the unfitness of the members of the Board in appropriating that more than a that Board of Education who, in their zeal to million dollars, in accordance with that esti- defeat the Stable Salary Bill for Teachers , mate. were willing to discredit the teaching force It was not until 1915, however, that that before the public and to use their official secretary of the Board of Education admitted power and authority of position and the of the truth of the teachers' contention and ficial records of the Board of Education to acknowledged, in the presence of the writer accomplish their purpose. of this report and three members of the then The other side of the picture is the evidence Board of Education, including the then presi- of integrity, intelligence, industry and courage dent, that the appropriation of this more of the Board member and teachers who ex- than a million dollars for the purpose indi- posed this misuse of official power and au- cated in the appropriation was padded ap- thority and forced the printing of its refuta- proximately $800,000 ; that it was at least that tion in the official proceedings of the Board amount in excess of the amount needed and of Education . actually paid for the purpose for which the The upshot of this controversy was that the appropriation was made. Bill passed the legislature with the provision When asked if he did not know this at the for charging the cost of repairs to the building time he presented that estimate the secretary fund left in and with the provision for the replied that he did. Asked why he presented " Stable Salary Fund" left out. In order to such an estimate to the Board, he replied, save the Bill the teachers had to agree to the "The president of the Board told me to. " The elimination of this "Stable Salary Provision" president of the Board referred to was dead and await a more favorable opportunity for at the time this statement was made by the resurrecting this old provision or for present- then secretary. And no school has been ing a new provision for assuring the payment named for that president yet ! of their salary schedules . In 1915 there was an undercurrent of deter- Twelve years later, in 1921, the teachers mination to cut the teachers' salary schedule presented another "Stable Salary Bill ." This which had been adopted on the recommenda- Bill made mandatory the payment to Chicago tion of Superintendent Ella Flagg Young in teachers of a minimum salary of not less than 1914, but only partially enforced in that year. $1,500, and a minimum-maximum salary of So strong was this determination to cut down 26 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1926 the $1,500 maximum of that schedule, before It was not until ten years later, in 1925, that the arrival of the date fixed in the schedule the legal soundness of that opinion was of- for the payment of that maximum, that Mrs. ficially recognized by the Board of Education. Young, on January 19, recommended to the Lack of space prevents printing the docu- Finance Committee of the Board that the mentary evidence of those three instances teachers be requested by the Board to teach when the Board's figures were challenged, but two weeks without pay in order to save their they would make illuminating reading now to schedule . teachers who think that any of their salary When Mrs. Young was asked why she made increases ever came to them from Boards of such a recommendation, she replied that she Education playing the role of Santa Claus . did it to arouse the teachers while there was It is possible to reproduce in this issue only still time left to meet a situation which they the documentary evidence in the fourth, that didn't even know existed, so successfully had is, the 1921 and 1922 challenge of the official it been kept from the teachers . Mrs. Young's statement of the expenditures of the Board . announcement came before the primary elec- These documents were printed in a sixteen tion in 1915 when candidates for Mayor were page pamphlet issued by the Chicago Teach- to be nominated and the legislature was in ers ' Federation, on April 14, 1922, some pages session . of which are reproduced here photograph- Mrs. Young Warned Teachers ically and referred to later in this report. This is the controversy that holds partic- The result was that the Mayor and the City ular interest for the teachers at this time Council , the majority of the members of the because it presents two stages of the struggle Board of Education and the teachers all in connection with the salary schedule now in started promptly to work together to secure force : the first, the teachers' struggle to get the passage by the legislature of a Bill in- the Bill through the legislature in 1921 to creasing the educational fund. The Bill provide the revenue which would warrant the passed and the ten per cent cut in teachers' adoption of the schedule now in force, and to salaries, recommended to the Board in May, win that bill without sacrificing either the 1915, by the Loeb Committee on Efficiency and public interest or the teachers' legitimate in- Economy, was never adopted . terests , integrity and self respect. The second Even Mrs. Young's courage and foresight stage is the struggle of 1922 to get the Board could not save the entire $240 increase due the of Education to adopt the schedule now in elementary teachers in January, 1916, under force and to enforce it without delay. The Mrs. Young's schedule which the Board had teachers are now in the third stage, the strug- adopted in 1914 with its fingers crossed. But gle to keep what they got in 1921 and 1922 her courage and foresight saved half of that as a result of the heroic efforts made in those $240 to the teachers. As Mrs. Young was two long-drawn-out struggles . taking her departure in December, 1915, the If the teachers are to get through this third Board met and voted to pay the teachers stage successfully, they must know and un- $1,380 in 1916 instead of the $ 1,500 due under derstand the first two, for history is now re- the schedule. The teachers had to wait until peating itself. Until these two stages are 1918 to get the $1,500 maximum which had understood, the facts behind the present con- been adopted four years before. When the troversy over the condition of the Educational teachers did get that $1,500 the newspapers Fund, as set forth in the last issue of the Bul- advertised it as a brand new raise, the public letin, will not be recognized as an attack on was fooled again and the teachers were justly the salary schedule now in force. These facts indignant . are fast coming into the foreground and must When the talk about cutting the teachers' eventually be recognized as an attack on that salaries was at its height in 1915, the member schedule. Just as in 1915 the teachers were of the Board of Education who had challenged not aware of the undercurrent against their the auditor's certified statement in 1909, pre- schedule until Mrs. Young sounded the alarm, viously referred to in this report, and who had that aroused them to action ; so it is now. again become a member of the Board of Edu- Teachers do not interpret the present situation cation , declared publicly and reiterated that as a menace to the salary schedule now in there was no legal deficit in the educational force. Read the story of the struggles of 1921 fund of the Board of Education ; that the and 1922 against padded estimates and "vari- Board had ample available revenue to pay the ances " in official statements, the struggles teachers the salary due under their schedule. which secured to the teachers their present September 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 27 schedule after first securing the money to pay threatening to cut $500,000 from the teachers' that schedule to date. salaries if the teachers insisted on opposing Here are the high spots in the drama en- that School Land Sales Bill . acted in those two years of strain and struggle A photographic reproduction of that threat- as told in the documents reproduced here ening letter is printed here, marked Exhibit A. photographically. The Chicago Teachers' Pension Bill , which The Challenge of 1921 was introduced at the request of the Teachers' Pension Board, had been recommended for In May, 1921, four Bills vitally affecting passage by the Senate Committee on Educa- the interests of the teachers, the children and tion and was on the calendar for second read- the public, were pending in the legislature. ing. They were as follows : For more than 25 years, whenever the Chicago Chicago Teachers' Pension Bill. teachers have attacked some wrong, such as the Bill Providing a Minimum and Minimum- School Land Sales Bill, or Tax- Dodging and Tax- Maximum Salary for Chicago Teachers. Fixing, there has been one sure sign that back- firing against the teachers has started : Their School Revenue Bill . pension law has been attacked. School Land Sales Bill, authorizing the Soon after the teachers started their first Board of Education to sell school lands tax fight many years ago to make the public without the consent of the City Council. service corporations pay their taxes, a bill was Until May 10, the Board of Education and introduced in the legislature that would bank- the teachers worked harmoniously together rupt the Chicago teachers' pension fund. for the passage of the School Revenue Bill That bill, as introduced, would have bank- which provided for an increase in the tax rate rupted any pension fund . of the Chicago educational fund from $1.20 When the writer of this report asked a to $2.92, an increase of 60 per cent, or approx- distinguished member of the legislature to imately $13,000,000. work and vote against that Pension Bill he A controversy between the teachers and the replied : "When you teachers stayed in your Board of Education started on May 10. On school rooms we men took care of you." The that day the writer of this report spoke, on Chicago teachers had been taking care of behalf of the Chicago Teachers Federation, themselves on $800 a year. " But," he added, to the Senate Committee on Education against "when you go out of your school rooms as the motion to recommend the passage of the you teachers have done, against those great School Land Sales Bill. The Bill had been powerful corporations, you must expect they introduced at the request of the then attorney will hit back." The writer replied : "You for the Board of Education, Mr. William A. mean to tell me that this pension bill that Bither, who spoke that day in favor of its will bankrupt the Chicago Teachers' Pension passage. The Committee did not recommend Fund is the corporations' come-back at the its passage. It was left in the Committee that teachers for making them pay their taxes ?” day and remained there to the end of the He said "Yes," and walked away. session, with the result that the law remains The teachers' tax fight went on. The teach- unchanged and the legal power and respon- ers made the corporations pay their taxes . sibility of final approval of all sales of school THAT legislature took it out on the teachers lands remain in the City Council, the elected and passed that pension bill . The Chicago representatives of the people, a body whose Teachers' Pension Fund went bankrupt. But members can be held directly responsible to the people of Chicago at their first oppor- the people for their acts . tunity took it out on the taxing board that That School Land Sales Bill if enacted into was responsible for letting the corporations law, would have transferred that legal power escape their taxes. The people defeated six and responsibility to an appointed body, the of the seven Chicago members of the State Board of Education, a body whose members Board of Equalization at the election in No- can be held to no direct responsibility to the vember, 1900, the first election held after the people for their acts. teachers' tax fight started. On Friday, May 13, three days after that Subsequent legislatures gave the teachers Senate Committee meeting at which the School a sound pension law, managed and controlled Land Sales Bill was put to sleep, the Board's by the teachers themselves . One legislature attorney sent the writer of this report a letter gave to the teachers and to the mothers 28 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1926 the vote with which to protect themselves then the House, and was signed by the Gov- and their children from back-firing and re- ernor in the presence of the writer of this prisals . Neither has yet learned how to use report, after a long night's work chasing and this new weapon. checking an erroneous legal opinion against the Pension Bill which had been filed in the Pension Bill Attacked Attorney General's office after the Legislature Chicago may have no more than its quota adjourned, without notice to the attorney of of administration handy-men among the rank the Teachers' Pension Board, and after the and file, as well as among the higher-ups, Pension Board's attorney had proved to the who can always be depended upon to don a satisfaction of the Attorney General and the disguise and a sawed-off shotgun and go gun- Governor that the opinion was erroneous as ning for the administration against their fel- charged. low members of the rank and file ; but the With the Teachers' Pension Bill safe and Chicago contingent seems to have more than secure out of the Senate Committee on Edu- the usual amount of trouble in finding an cation and the School Land Sales Bill safe administration gun that can be depended and secure in that committee, the fight veered upon to go off or an administration mask to the Teachers' Salary Bill. True to form, that isn't sure to fall off in the first skirmish. the attack on that bill was made through Early on the morning of Tuesday, May 17, padded estimates. The attorney for the Board 1921 , four days after the receipt of the threat- again became the battering ram. ening letter from the Board's attorney, the On May 25, eleven days after the receipt of perennial handy man of the Chicago School the threatening letter, the Board's attorney Administration, wearing his usual mask when presented to the House Committee on Revenue on Board of Education business bent, was dis- an itemized estimate which had been prepared covered outside the door of the Senate Cham- in the office of the Board of Education. It ber, just before the Senate convened, urging shows the itemized and total estimated ex- the Senator who had introduced the Teachers' penditures from the educational fund for each Pension Bill to have that Bill sent back to the of the five years, 1921 to 1925. In presenting Committee on Education that day in order this estimate the attorney explained that it that arguments against it might be heard. was figured on the basis of getting a $ 13,- That senator and other senators were then 000,000 increase from the increased tax rate and there shown a photographic reproduction provided in the Pending Revenue Bill, and on of the threatening letter of May 13 from the the basis of continuing to pay through those Board's attorney. The original of this letter five years the salary schedules then in force, was in a safety deposit vault in Chicago . $ 1,600 to $3,400 for the high school teachers, Those senators were told that the teachers of and $ 1,200 to $2,000 for regular elementary Chicago needed that pension bill but that they teachers, from the kinderkarten through the needed their self-respect and integrity and 7th grade ( with all bonuses as then paid) . intended to keep both and their pension law, A photographic reproduction of that esti- too ; and further, that those teachers would mate of expenditures is printed here, marked not stand for that School Land Sales Bill in Exhibit B. order to get that pension bill or any other bill through the legislature. The figure representing the actual expendi- tures from the educational fund as shown by There was a member of the Board of Edu- the official proceedings of the Board of Edu- cation in Springfield that day to whom that cation, for each year from 1921 to 1925, in- threatening letter was then and there shown clusive, are printed to the right of the and who took it and, then and there , showed estimated total for that year in the photo- it to the Board's attorney, and told him that graphic reproduction . the teachers considered that letter notice served on them that the Board was fighting , A comparison of these two sets of figures through him, against their pension bill . shows these astounding facts : The Board's handy man, mask gone, banner ( 1 ) That the total actually expended drooping, left for Chicago on the first train from the educational fund in each year from and took with him his flock of fuddled female 1921 to 1925, inclusive, after paying the followers . They stayed in Chicago. The Pen- teachers the present salary schedule since sion Bill stayed on the calendar. It was never September, 1922, is less for every year than sent back to the Committee . the total estimated expenditures for that Later that Pension Bill passed the Senate, year shown in this padded estimate, although : September 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 29 that estimate was figured on the basis of But the Salary Bill had to be abandoned . not a dollar increase for teachers' salaries The padded estimates had killed it . over the salaries paid in 1921. The salaries Federation Calls Mass Meeting paid each year since Sept. 1 , 1922, are $2,000 to $3,800 for high school teachers On May 26 the Chicago Teachers' Federa- and $ 1,500 to $2,500 for elementary teach- tion held a mass meeting in the Olympic ers, with practically the same bonuses as in Theatre after school. The theatre was packed. 1921 . Teachers were turned away. The threatening letter of the Board's attorney was read. The (2) That the total expenditures from the teachers retorted by reiterating with empha- educational fund for 1926 will not reach the sis their opposition to the School Land Sales estimated total of those expenditures for Bill. They publicly disclaimed responsibility 1925 shown in this padded estimate. for the padded estimates and urged the pas- (3) That if the salary schedule now in sage of the School Revenue Bill, to insure the force is paid in 1927, the 1927 total of ex- increased revenue, and the Teachers ' Salary penditures from the educational fund will Bill in order to insure the teachers the pay- not be likely to reach the total for 1925 ment of the belated increase in salary specified shown in this padded estimate. in the Salary Bill and needed to pay the post war prices for the necessities of life . When the Board's attorney presented this estimate to the House Committee on May 25, The newspapers printed photographic re- productions of the threatening letter, also re- he was asked how much increase it provided for teachers' salaries . He snarled : " Not a ports of the teachers' continued opposition to the School Land Sales Bill , notwithstanding nickel." Privately the teachers then told the the threat to cut their salaries $500,000 if they members of the committee to pay no attention did so . to Bither's estimate for they believed that it A few days after this Olympic Theatre was padded and that the padding was done to meeting the Pension Bill passed the Senate. make the Legislators believe the Board could But the variances and padded estimates rose not pay the salary specified in the Teachers ' up again to plague the teachers' souls. When Salary Bill even if the Revenue Bill passed ; the Revenue Bill came up on the floor of the and that the whole thing was done to defeat house it was stricken from the calendar and the Salary Bill. sent back to the Revenue Committee. Charges The members of the Revenue Committee were made on the floor of the House that were confused by the "variances " in the state- padded estimates and misrepresentation were ments of the teachers and of the Board's being used to influence its passage. Back the attorney, who was aided and abetted by other bill went to the Revenue Committee. representatives of the Board present at the The teachers then and there demanded a committee meeting. The teachers believed showdown, and for four hours, from 4 o'clock then that the estimated expenditures for each until 8 that night, a heated discussion on year indicated sufficient money to increase the "variances " and " padding " was held in the Revenue Committee room . The conference salaries to the amount provided in their salary bill , $1,500 minimum, $2,500 minimum-max- was informal and impromptu, but there were imum, but the representatives of the Board representatives from the Board, the teachers, denied it. Time has justified the teachers . the House, and some, not members of the House, who had been making the charges of The members of the legislature feared that padded estimates . if that estimate was even approximately cor- rect and the legislature passed that Revenue The members of the Legislature and the Bill there might not be money to pay the others who had made these charges became convinced before the end of that conference salary increases provided in the Salary Bill. that the teachers had no responsibility for any The teachers were perfectly frank in stating padding that may have been done ; that they to the members of the Legislature that they were entirely opposed to such methods of needed the Revenue Bill in order to pay attempting to secure legislation ; that they did needed salary increases, and asked its passage not even have access to the official documents for that reason. The committee reported the needed to check and prove the padded esti- Bill out on May 25 with the recommendation mate. The teachers were frank and outspoken that it pass and it was put on the calendar. that they wanted that bill in order to get 30 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1926 additional revenue to pay an increase in the petition but started to spend that money like teachers' salaries . drunken sailors. The teachers grew more and The next morning after that conference the more restive and irritated as the orgy of President of the Board of Education, who had spending for "Incidentals "-purposes other arrived in Springfield on an early morning than teachers' salaries-continued. And the train, was heard by one of the teachers order- money being spent was the money the teach- ing back to Chicago an aide-de-camp of ers had secured from the legislature for the Bither's for daring to attend that impromptu express purpose of paying increases in teach- conference, although he had refused to open ers ' salaries . either his mouth or his locked document bag, On March 11, 1922 , at the meeting of the and reveal to the conference the hidden infor- Chicago Teachers ' Federation, the first gun mation that might have settled that contro- was fired in the war on this reckless spending versy . for " Incidentals. " A statement setting forth Is it any wonder that this administration the situation was ordered printed for distri- has put the kibosh on teachers going to bution at a mass meeting of teachers which Springfield ? the Federation officers were directed to call . The Bill was again recommended to pass by On March 31, the mass meeting ordered by the House Committee on Revenue. It went the Chicago Teachers' Federation was held in back on the calendar. It passed the House in the Woods Theatre and an overflow meeting almost the last hour of the last day of that was held at the Garrick Theatre. At these heated session . meetings 10,000 copies of the 16-page pam- phlet entitled "Why the Teachers Are Irri- A judicial election was held in Chicago early tated and Dissatisfied," which had been in June, 1921. Some judges who were backed prepared and printed by the Chicago Teach- by friends of the Board of Education were de- ers ' Federation, as previously directed, were feated. distributed. A committee was authorized to A few days after that judicial election the present this pamphlet to the Mayor on behalf Corporation Counsel of Chicago, who was also a of the teachers' petition for salary increase. State Senator, and who, on May 10, had brought The newspapers next day gave liberal space up the School Land Sales Bill in the Senate Com- to the report of the meeting and quoted large · mittee, and had made the motion to recommend portions of the pamphlet. its passage, told the writer of this report that the That pamphlet contained a graphic illus- Board's attorney had stubbornly insisted on his tration showing the enormous increase in the bringing up that bill in the committee on that expenditures for "Incidentals" during the last day ( May 10) . He added : “I told Bither to two or three years and a corresponding de- lay off that bill until after election." crease in the percentage of the educational Some wise politicians in Chicago appear to be fund expended for teachers' salaries . There "laying off" now on many things until after the was a table showing the percentages of the coming November election. Orders to "lay off " total expenditures of the educational fund until after election on the hearings on complaints expended from 1907 to 1921 , respectively, for of under assessment of Loop property, for in- ( a) Teachers' salaries , and, (b) for "Inci- stance, appear to have been given to the Board dentals." The expenditures for 1921 were not of Review. It will be well for the teachers to known to the teachers at the time, but the keep their eyes on that Board of Review and to appropriation for that year was available and remember that the people are to elect a member was used . This table showed that 30 per cent of that Board of Review at the election on of the total educational fund was appropri- November 2. ated for " Incidentals" in 1921, an increase of Challenge of 1922 50 per cent over the percentage actually ex- pended for such "Incidentals" in 1907, and After the adjournment of the legislature that less than 70 per cent was appropriated in 1921 the Chicago Teachers ' Federation for teachers' salaries in 1921, against 78.7 per started a salary campaign to get the Board to increase the teachers' salaries with the in- cent actually expended for teachers' salaries in 1907 . creased revenue provided by the legislature Discussion on “Variances" Started for that purpose. A petition was presented to the Board on The committee of teachers authorized at November 19, 1921, signed by 6,767 teachers, the Woods Theatre meeting on March 31 asking for a $ 1,500 minimum and $3,000 max- called on the Mayor on April 6. The Mayor imum. The Board paid no attention to this showed the committee a typewritten paper September 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 31 containing a table of percentages which he Exhibit G shows that Mr. Bither's variances said the Board's attorney, Mr. Bither, had in two items only amounted to $3,460,206. that day brought to him . The Mayor told the That was all padding ; and the amount shown teachers their table of percentages was at by the teachers' figures required to raise the "variance" with Mr. Bither's percentages, and elementary teachers' salaries to a minimum asked the Teachers' Committee to go back and of $ 1,500 and maximum of $2,500, was $3,- check up on their percentages . 255,300 , which is considerably less than the The teachers had gone to the Mayor to get amount of padding found in two of Mr. Bith- his help in their campaign for an increase in er's estimates . salary, not to check on "variances" between The teachers came to the conclusion that them and Bither. They felt they were handed the percentage table presented to the Mayor another controversy. However, before leaving, by the Board's attorney was for the purpose at the request of the Committee, the Mayor of defeating the teachers ' salary petition, then gave the teachers a copy of Mr. Bither's type- pending before the Board of Education , just written unsigned, undated paper, showing his as the first percentage table and padded esti- percentages. mate were presented to the legislature in 1921 The teachers went back and checked up to defeat the teachers' salary bill. their own percentages, as requested by the On April 7, the day after the teachers had Mayor, and wrote a letter to the Mayor the visited the Mayor, the Mayor wrote a letter next day, April 7, informing him that they to the President of the Board telling him had checked their percentages with the official about the teachers' visit and the variances records of the Board as shown in its printed found and asked the President to call in the proceedings and found them correct. teachers ' committee and discuss these vari- A photographic reproduction of that letter ances at a conference, with a view to deter- appears here, marked Exhibit C. mining , first, what the facts were. After the teachers had finished checking up On April 8, the president of the Board and proving their own percentages with the wrote a letter to the Business Representative of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, enclos- official records, it occurred to one of them to compare the percentages which the Board's ing a copy of the Mayor's letter, and stating that the conference which the Mayor suggested attorney had given the Mayor that morning would be arranged any time at the convenience with percentages for the same years that he had presented to the legislature a year before , of the committee, and that he was sending that letter by special messenger in order that it on May 25, 1921. The teachers discovered might reach the teachers at the meeting of the that Mr. Bither's two sets of percentages were Chicago Teachers ' Federation called for that not only at variance with the teachers' per- centages but were at variance with each other. morning, April 8 . The teachers decided that instead of setting The Mayor's letter and that of the president the teachers at the job of reconciling their of the Board are reproduced here, marked Exhibit F. figures with Mr. Bither's, the Mayor would better put Mr. Bither to work reconciling Mr. At the meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Bither's variances with Mr. Bither. Federation on April 8, the letter from the By this time the teachers were so disgusted president of the Board was received and read with the whole business of "variances" and and a resolution adopted calling on the Board "padding" and "checking and proving" on of Education to publish its expenditures from these "variances " and "padding, " they decided the educational fund for the year 1921. That to assemble all the documents showing these information was not then available to the pub- "variances " and "padding" and print them. lic. The resolution further provided that as They made a 16-page document and the photo- soon as these expenditures were published the graphic reproductions here are all taken from teachers were ready for the conference with that document. the Board suggested by the Mayor, provided A photographic reproduction of Bither's the conference should be public. Notice of two tables are found here, under the heading this action was sent to the president of the “Bither vs. Bither, a case of Variances ,” and Board by special messenger and a copy was marked Exhibit D. Under each table is an sent to the Board of Education at its meeting explanation. on April 12. The same day there was sent to the Board and to each member, a printer's A photographic reproduction showing what proof of the 16-page pamphlet containing all Mr. Bither's variances and percentages mean the exhibits on "variances" published here . in dollars is shown here, marked Exhibit E. The limited experience of the Chicago 32 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1926 Teachers ' Federation in “ conferences" behind Whether he had taken a random shot at the closed doors had confirmed the conviction "bolshevicks" or whether the school adminis- born of the first such "conference." This is tration changed its mind between June 9 and the conviction : That "conferences" of peers June 14, 1922, and failed to notify him, will behind closed doors may be all right for peers, never be known. But be that as it may, he but when the heavyweights on one side of the missed fire again, for on June 14, 1922, the " conference" table have all the guns and six Board of Education adopted the present sal- shooters and army pistols, at that and the ary schedules ranging from $1,500 to $2,500 lightweights on the other side of the “confer- for elementary teachers, and $2,000 to $3,800 ence" table are not allowed to bring even a for high school teachers, with the present pop gun, such “conferences " become confi- bonuses for the special teachers and the pres- dence games in which the guns win. ent schedule for the principals. It is possible that the president of the Board of Education and the members , after receiv- Lingering looks at long forgotten mile- ing that 16-page pamphlet, did not want any posts on old roads of memory have lengthened conference or did not want a public confer- and delayed this report ; but length and delay ence. Anyhow, there was no more talk of con- were necessary in order to assure the march- ferences about “Variances " and no conference ers in the ranks that the present controversy was held . over "Variances " means for them another After the failure of that attempt to get the long march over the same old roads, and also teachers into private conferences on "Vari- in order to warn them to mark well the signs ances" of public officials, instead of continu- on these mile-posts that might otherwise ing their public discussions of reckless expen- escape their notice. ditures for "Incidentals " and of salary in- The most generous allotment of space would creases denied to teachers, that same handy- man of the administration, whose stray shot not suffice to present the experiences here against the Chicago Teachers' Pension Law briefly sketched so that those who have not had missed fire in 1921, took another crack at lived through them could feel, with those who the "bolshevicks." ( This is his own squint on have so lived, the throb and thrill in every the word he used to describe teachers who line ; the heartaches and the heartbreaks, the dared to demand salary increases for the humor and the pathos ; the joy of bloodless class room teachers, from a school adminis- battles won and the hope and calm assurance tration, while at the same time fighting reck of ultimate victory to come to that marching less expenditures by that administration of army of peace, Chicago's Organized Teachers. the money voted by the legislature to pay Heads up, face to the foe, never wavering nor these salary increases to teachers. ) breaking ranks, on and on, through good re- Under date of June 9, 1922, a page-long pute and ill, alike oblivious to praise or blame, wail was sent out over the signature of this they are still marching and fighting, after handy-man. From a photographic reproduc- more than a quarter of a century, their eyes tion of this printed harangue the following ever fixed on the banner they hold aloft, the sentences have been taken, the first from the sacred banner of the children-the banner beginning, and the last from the end of the that will some day lead to destined victory, screed : the National Army of Peace, the Organized * * Teachers of America . It is probably sufficient to say in regard to salary matters that another wait L'Envoi is in store with a possible deflection entirely, Men may come and men may go, unless our cause is handled carefully, of But " Variances" go on forever. which we confess doubt in the face of recent experiences ." *** * * "Let us not permit the bolshevicks to turn aside the chance of reason and equity to prevail ." Marjan A. Haly September 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 33 Exhibit A (Photographic Reproduction Referred to on Page 27) Photographic Reproduction of Letter from Attorney for Board of Education, Mr. Wm. A. Bither, to Business Representative of Chicago Teachers' Federation, Threatening Cut of $500,000 in Teachers' Salaries if School Land Sales Bill Fails to Pass BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO WILLIAM A.BITHER 650 SOUTH CLARK STREET ATTORNEY LAW DEPARTMENT JOHN A.COOKE FRANK D.AYERS TELEPHONE WABASH 2701 RALPH W.CONDEE CORA A.SHAW FRANKF.TRUNK ASSISTANT ATTORNEYS May 13 , 1921 . Miss Margaret A. Haley , Chicago Teachers Federation , 127 No. Dearborn St. , Chicago . Dear Madam : - In your talk the other day before the Senate Committee it was your opinion that the Board of Education should continue its investment in vacant property . You stated that this was the opinion of the teachers of the City of Chicago. I feel that the opinion of the teachers should be respected in this matter, as the income from this property will go towards the schools . However, I do not consider vacant property a good investment for the Board of Education and could not recommend it as one that the public should pay taxes to maintain. It will cost $500,000 a year for the Board of Education to hold this vacant property in its present condition , and the only fund out of which this can be paid , for school fund property , is the educational fund . As that fund , by holding this property , will be depleted in that amount each year , it seems to me but fair that said amount should be deducted from the salaries of the teachers and pro- rated equally among the salaries of the teachers . Under no other condition could I recommend to the Board of Education that they hold this vacant property . If this proposition meets with your approval , we will abandon the bill now pending in the legislature and immediately take steps to have $500,000 deducted from the salaries of the teachers for next year and prorated among the different teachers . Yours tyaly , Β.Μ. NilamaDither Attorney . Reproduced from 16-page pamphlet issued by Chicago Teachers' Federation on April 14, 1922, entitled "Variances in Statements Pertaining to Expenditures from Educational Fund." 34 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1926 Exhibit B (Photographic Reproduction Referred to on Pages 25 and 28) Photographic Reproduction of Document Presented by the Attorney for the Board of Education, Mr. William Bither, to the Committee on Revenue of the House of Representatives at Springfield, Illinois, on May 25, 1921. Total Actually Ex- pended for Educa- tional Purposes- Estimated Requirements for Educational 1921 to 1925, inclusive. Jurposes from 1921 to 1924 , inclusive . Salaries Paid Beginning September 1, 1922 Min- Max- imum imum 121. Elementary .... $1500 $ 2500 High School 2000 3800 25,100,000.00 1920 Expenditure 2.500,000.00 Nurmol Toorogne in Emondituro each year , 500.000.00 Continuation Schools increase . 28,100,000.00 1921 .... $27,685,536 1922 28,1.00.000.00 1971 Estimated Expenditure 2,500,000.00 Normal Increase in Expenditure each year . 1,500,000.00 Oontinuation Schools IncreasO 1,500,000.00 Free Text Books . 1922 .... $30,902,509 33,500,000.00 1923 33,600,000,00 1922 Estimated Expenditure 2,750,000.00 Normal Increase in Expenditure each year . 750,000.00 Continuation Schools Increase .. 37,000 : 000.00 1.000.000.00 Text Books Decrease 36,100,000.00 1923 .... $35,994,011 1924 36,100.000.00 1923 Estimated Expenditure 3,000.000.00 Normal Increase in Expendituro . 39,100,000.00 1924.... $38,146,683 1925 39,100,000.00 1924 Estimated Expenditure 3,000,000.00 Normal Increase in Expenditure 42,100,000.00 1925 .... $39,272,556 The above is a photographic reproduction of the estimate of the total expenditures from the educational fund of the Chicago Board of Education, from 1921 to 1925, inclusive. This estimate was figured on the basis of salaries paid in 1921, ranging from $1200 to $2000 for elementary teachers and $1600 to $3400 for high school teachers. The figure showing the total actual expenditures from each of these five years, as shown by the printed proceedings of the Board of Education, is printed opposite the figure in the photogaph showing the estimated for that year. For discussion on comparison of these two sets of figures see page of this Bulletin. Reproduced from 16-page pamphlet issued by Chicago Teachers' Federation on April 14, 1922, entitled "Variances in Statements Pertaining to Expenditures from Educational Fund." Exhibit C to on 31 ) hotographic PReproduction Referred (age Teachers ercentages PCorrect Notified M '-ayor So to from Thompson Mayor Miss Haley .Letter appropriations expenditures for 1920 and the based were on said he Chicago of Board expenditures by report showing the 1921 ,annual September 30, 1926 available been made had not 1921 for appropriations and 1920 Education in CHICAGO 'FEDERATION TEACHERS unable now ,w ere public .T ashen teachers toor general either the Office 1335 Dearborn Street 27 ,N. Board Education of for to attorney by made representations meet the CHICAGO . of expendi- Board's to regard in facts actual suppression the because ,1 the Board representations by attorney for tures .The appropriations and .7922 April ' Teachers Legislature passage defeated of Education the before Hon .William Thompson ,Hale maximum Salary a$1minimum providing 2,500 .Billnd , Chicago of Mayor , hicago Hall C. ity ,assur- nd extended yesterday committee our to Appreciating the courtesy ing our elementary the done justice see to confidence desire of you r Dear Thompson :Mayor ,a teachers to help secure justice them nd As yesterday requested by you ,Ihchecked up with the official printed ave Yours , sincerely Education verified that I urnished and igures proceedings fof Board the correct are accurate and find that they you .yesterday M HALEY )A. ARGARET , igned (S . Representative Business expended from amounts tshowing sheet Herewith isypewritten 920 nd years ,appropriations 918 919 917 Educational 1Fund the for ;(b)Itis for ,phe ncidentals hat ur- Teachers Sof year aalaries 1921 TABLE III (c)tTotal Expenditures from poses he 's,aalaries other eachers han nd the o 922 Mayor 1Teachers April ,- 6 on Percentages by .Presented Educational Educa- from expenditures total of percentage Fund ;athe lso tional (a)T'S nd Fund in each year for b I. alaries eachers cidentals For Year 1921 * 1920 1919 1918 1917 1908 1907 Board , Education This also page gives the date of proceedings the have been report from and page of number which amounts se )F 'S% 8767.5 Teachers (a9.6 6.8 0or alaries..78.7 taken Ahet amounts these from calculated been have .T percentages )F Incidentals (bor 30.3 %4 21.3 3.2 2.4 percentage from table taken the printed bottom Ihpasted page of ave Igyou Fwhich ave ederation opy Chicago Teachers ',cof issued by the booklet expenditures Educational Fund the from Table percentages of III shows asked referred ,you to information the contains which nd yesterday Teachers (b and ' alaries )I,is Sthan for hat purposes otherncidentals me . up check to Salaries . Teachers Irritated are and Dis Table pamphlet .III "Why the from reprinted is MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Board for attorney percentages the those with my cof A omparison This satisfied Chicago Teachers 'Fon March 29 1s 22. the ,"iby ederation sued which furnished me William cyou Bither opy sEducation of hows ,MA. r. and Committee of Federation table Mayor to which was presented the by Thompson 1921 to 1917 mine every year in from percentages Bither's ,Mr. vary that President of the Education on page 3 Board is letter Mayor's in to referred 1917 year pcenter he raction aof from ,tvariations ranging inclusive Bither Mr. the Board of Education presented by variance ,being with figures at as be understand why there should not Id nearly 61/2 per in cent 1921. to .n 8 Page II Table in here ,o shown 919 1917 for percentages the years ,in two sets of918 variations after The mounts et percentages in this table are based on the " ndeducting Chart 8910 76 ,P amountolumns nd age .chargeable See Fund Building the to and . 1920 Federation checked Representative Atthe request of Mayor ,Business percent- claims Mr. his ufrom you yesterday that Inderstood Bither the teachers printed 'with Proceedings ofable up and percentages in this figures Education Board of expenditures actual the for based on are 1921 ages ,nhim lto the ietter nd on a Education of April 7th Board tified Mayor thatse by appropriations the on based are 1921 percentages .My year that for isand percentages were found to be his correct .Tletter shown accurate figures information isat available 8 Chart on above .T olumns Page 7,6910 the in d shown is verification he Education for 1921 ,wonly the ofhich Board Board annual .A generally public or teachers to time present thes Mayor that expenditures teachers the ofmmittee 'cexplained The to and made available to the public of 1921 for Education have not been published Education expenditures Chicago of Board by report actual the showing for up Mr. Bither's percentages 1921 ; hat check this reason they to able be would not way of ,Ino hinpublic general the to available made been 1921ave ast re percentages for 1921 in this teacher's table ,aon the ppropriations based for 1921 percentages .up Bither's Mr. checking available Board information ,only Education the Proceedings by shown of as to . date public or teachers the Last the before year when Board attorney for Education of appeared the Legislature which calculations certain presented and of Committee NOTE :- .. Appropriation Educational from eExpenditures to Pertaining Statements 14 Teachers 'Fderation Chicago ,"Vin April on und ariances 922 Reproduced .16 bytitled issued -pamphlet age 35 Exhibit D Reproduction 31 Page on to Referred )(hotographic 36 B = vs. ither V of C A " ariances ase 1 Percentages , 921- 25 May Presented by on Bither Mr. Percentages Bither on Presented by Mr. April 6,1922 Legislature the .To To the Mayor . TABLE I. EXPENDITURES TABLE II EXPENDITURES . 1918 1919 1920 1921 1918 1917 1916 1915 1919 1921 1920 % % % % % % % % % % % Teachers of Salaries 1. .. 76.5 75.6 76.5 74.17 79.99 Teachers.79.73 Salaries of 1. 77.28 77.75 75.92 77.51 77.83 2. Salaries of Engineers ,Jand anitors 2. Salaries of ,Jan- Engineers Watchmen 8.8 8.1 7.8 7.62 Watchmen itors and ... 9.12 9.28 9.57 8.27 8.86 7.96 8.87 Fuel 3. 5.5 3.8 4.7 4.21 3. Fuel 2.77 2.71 4.68 5.55 3.75 4.86 4.34 Light and Power 4. .7 .7 .6 .54 and Light Power 4. .56 .59 .67 .69 .67 .62 .61 5. Books and Supplies 2.8 4.2 3.7 4.51 5. Books and Supplies 2.54 2.84 2.91 3.32 4.27 3.87 3.73 6. Transportation . and Communication .6 .7 .8 .99 Communication 6. and Trans- 7. Salaries Administrative 2.8 3.4 3.4 3.75 portation .44 .49 .51 .58 .75 .78 .82 . 8. Interest on Loans .6 1.1 1.8 2.49 Administrative Salaries 7. 2.13 2.12 2.16 2.39 2.82 2.87 3.10 9. Pensions .6 .3 .4 .46 Pensions 8. .98 1.17 .92 .60 .36 .37 . 10 Miscellaneous 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.26 Miscellaneous 9. 1.06 1.13 1.43 1.26 1.17 1.54 1.21 from expenditures total the of percentages csompilation Iia Table Mayor Thompson Table which table presented to Committee of II is the purposes for Fund eachers -10 ncidentals hat alaries 2"I,tis (1)T'Sand Educational total of the 1expendi- ederation ,spercentages 6 April 'Fon Teachers Chicago howing 922 1921 in s years 1918 and than or alaries Teachers 'S,fthe otherhown 919 920 Fund for the Educational to 1915 from 1921 ()T' eachers inclusive years tures Bither ,M William Education A. of Board for the Attorney by r. presented document urposes han hat ncidentals '. -9 Teachers Pother (2)"I,tis and Salaries before at Representatives hearing to of Committee House Revenue the he that Mayor committee told The from morning table this received had the docu- Photographic this o 25 f ,1reproduction May 921. Committee tn aSpringfield nd r. athat Bither A. ,MWilliam Education of the Attorney for Board MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 10 page ment .appears on pur- for expended amounts actual on based were had stated that these percentages gross the on The hown re 919 based Table in 1920 ,and s1918 for percentages poses . ncluding table years the all for indicated ,1921 the amounts those years before deducting Educational for Fund from expenditures per- Bither's The Mayor Mr. which on amounts Committee the to present not did presented Legis- to percentages figures nd Building ,athe Fund chargeable centages . based were the of printed proceedings years with agree three for se Bither by Mr. lature the Pro- The of Business Representative Federation checked up this table with Mr. time available public at the to published and were which of Education Board Bither presented to of Statement the with Mr. and ceedings Board Education 4 5 percentages ,7c3 .(SChart Bither ee age lumns these presented figures and so found indicated herein variances the .Legislature ,1and 25 May on 921 and ). 7 for 1921 . Percentages 1921 Percentages .for were owhich figures the I,a The nd Table in shown 1921 percentages for y published been not 1921 have the Education expenditures for Board of As on May Legislature the to presented Mr. Bither document which ,(sin based hown made available the public date ,teachers are not able check up to and the mounts Neither for of estimate ben 25 921. ppear aexpenditures 921 ,1)to in formed Mayor shown Bither Mr. which 1921 year the for II Table percentages in , the are expenditures for that .T percentages 1921 year the on based actual the adopted by which forwere 1921 appropriations agree with percentages nor shown printed by pro- the as 1921 appropriations for teachers 'are based on able Bither pre- Mr. after until published were 30 ,1bnot Education March on Boardut of921 1921 vailable information ato year s Education ,only ceedings the Board of ,P76a. SCthe age Legislature sented )his nd .( hart figures toeelumn page 'is 5able on here shown teachers public .T date to he or the from to in ,e" 14 FApril 'on by 16 .from und Educational Expenditures Pertaining ariances VStatements 922 titled ederation Chicago Teachers pamphlet -issued age Reproduced September 30, 1926 Exhibit P Reproduction (hotographic Referred on 31age )to B MR PERCENTA AND ESTIMATE . ITHER'S SGES THE FACTS Bither's Mr. A6 Mayor the to resented 922 percentages 1spril how ,sahav- More than was actually paid as 1921 ,1918 and ing paid 919 920 or alaries fTeachers 'S.been 1$,589,709 Bither shown by Mr. Legisla . to September 30, 1926 ture and Official Records .* Continuation of Cost Mr. Bither's Estimate 1921 in and Schools over 1920 Legislature ptoresented over921 25 May ,1.*922 * 1$,870,497 More was than paid in 1921 and for 1922 . appropriated V" ariance itwo only .Total tems 3$,460,206 Elementary required increase MTeachers inimum 'Salary 1Amount $ to 500 3$,255,300 and Maximum to $ 2 .*500 * . alaries Teachers 'S Bither Mr. from Transmitting Haley to Miss Budget for 1922 ,Letter Containing Expenditures for . 1921 Total Expenditures from Educational Fund for 1921 as shown (4)........ ,pIV Budget by 1922 age $27,866,574.98 (C ) OPY Percentage Expenditures Total Teachers OF BOARD EDUCATION Sfor ofalaries ,'paid the Chicago City of Percentage as shown the by Table presented Mr. Bither 650 South Clark Street ).to Mayor April on ,1(TII 8 P hompson 6.922 able age % 75.92 William Bither A. Department Law Expenditures oTotal %f ($2).75.92 .. 7,866,574.98 .$21,156,303.72 Attorney 2701 Wabash Telephone aspaid Amount Actual 1921 shown 'Sin Teachers for alaries Cooke John A. Ayers D. Frank .... Budget 1922 the by %0,435,522.61 73.33 $2or Condee Ralph W. A. Shaw Cora 7*2%Mr. .$20,781.11 Budget 1922 and Mayor to Statement Bither's in Variance .59 Trunk F. Frank Assistant Attorneys ,1 . 3922 April MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Continuation Schools . Margaret Miss Haley ,A. Dearborn North Street ,127 Comparison of Estimated Expenditures for Continuation Schools presented to the Chicago ,I. llinois Legislature for aexpenditures ,1- May 25 on Bither Mr. by 921 ppropria- nd . by budget tion for 1922 as shown Dear Madam : sending Your letter to Mayor Thompson has been referred mem you a c .Iopy Cost in 1920- $ 3as per Budget of 1921 . 04,604 Actual of Budget ,w gives 1922 hich you figures ask for .the course budget has not been by Board of Education approved ,tThis .O re he -Bither- --Budget- Variance be ufixed .TI iswhat expenditure may some changes ,the 1921 his nderstand ut 5more than 1920 ......... 1921 $00,000 1920 than 3,796 $7more 426,204 $ on budget .f you wanted ,a can be found page the 4 1922 .. 1,500,000 more than 1921 55,707 more than 1921 1,444,293 , Yours truly Bither's Total Variance (2y)......... ears $1,870,497 )W A. BITHER , igned (S ILLIAM B. L. Attorney . 9 ,and For page T,589,709 ).7sabove 8(S $ 1920 1918921- 20,781 68,928 ee 919 otal ee and above pamphlet the for ready letter this 1922 as received were Budget was The Estimated by Chicago Teachers - 'F Sederation Pamphlet of29ee ,1 22 March C922.argaret riday hicago usiness pril press BRepresentative ,FA14 - M. Haley Page . able IV ,T 13 Teachers . ederation 'F Reproduced from 16 issued Teachers on amphlet age Chicago by ederation 'FApril 922 14 eStatements ,"Vin ariances Expenditures Pertaining to titled Educational -pund 37 Exhibit F PReproduction Referred to on 31 ) hotographic (age 38 Ponroposed Conference "Variances Saturday Teachers Chicago 'Fof meeting regular Atthe ederation communications report special thend ,aof Mayor to committee authorized Federation the of the Federation adopted the ,unanimously Board from of President Committee Special922 ,8pril 1Amorning TWoods nd Board President of to sent ordered reply motion the in forth set held eachers ,a'of Meeting Mass 31 on the theatre y ,bMarch President was Board the of Education letter .T to and he interview its oneported rTheatre ,Garrick the at meeting overflow by also Saturday ,A8. On Tuesday pril delivered on messenger by home his to Thompson .Mayor 6ith wApril on sthe . pecial delivery Education mailed was of Board 11 ,letter to the from a etter ldelivered morning ,A12pril Wednesday .O thereof cmember each to Board andpy was essenger mcompleted report the Before Board Member to every were delivered of a opy therewith pamphlet .this page proofs of contained hich Education Board of,wthe President of consideration ABoard ter here follow above The :four referred letters to the President .to Mayor from laetter Education .of Board President from Letter Education President Board of Mayor to Letter .from ) OPY C ( EDUCA OF BOARDTION .7,922 1April . CHICA OF CITY GO , dwin Hon .E S. Davis President Education of ,B oard President .the of Edwin ,S. Davis I., llinois Chicago Office . President Dear : Sir asked Teachers of the Chicago School fdays representatives ago Aew 1.8 , 922 April contention their me to that they submit might appointment for an so made appointment his increase .Twas salaries entitled to an teachers are , Haley Margaret Miss for yesterday . pril ,A6th afternoon , Representativ Business e Education submit the Board of call asked h ,I ad Previous to ir .' ederatison FTeacher Chicago costs perating expenditures o,isalaries ncluding statement and revenues fts etc. morning .W Itheok hen yesterday me to This delivered was data MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN : Haley Miss Dear presented teachers ,also y Committee representing the matter with up from receive aommuni of find cplease opy ed herewit Enclos dhcation ,dated Dissatisfied W aamphlet p"the to mend Irritated hy re Teachers schedul present increas an of questio the to , elativeeneon rThomps had they which 22 ,tables 1compiled .29ontaining March Mayor isind teachers ',I re figures Board's with the Comparing w .' ages s teacher of and revenues to Board's the pertaining statements variance winide suit- time any at for arrange be will suggest he which d suggest respectfully ould ,Iwthat confere The snce circumstances .Uthese nder expenditures teacher the represe committ the of .conveni to able s nting ee ence upon me 'who and the in you ommittee cwaited teachers Haley Miss , all of meetin the at first the determining tohat iew figures ,waith variance in discuss this matter this up take to able be may g you that order In ger controversy this are .in facts messen .special by sent it having a,I m mornin this for called teacher sg will you m ,Iattention immediate this give Trusting , truly very Yours Yours , truly very DAVIS E S, .DWIN )(igned , igned THOMPSON .H (S)WALE M . President . Mayor from Educational Expenditures tound Pertaining . titled ,e"in 14 ariances 922 April FVStatements ederation Chicago 'on Teachers by issued -pamphlet 16 age Reproduced September 30, 1926 September 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 39 THE IDLE HOUR ENRICI'S is famous no less " The best of all ways to lengthen our H for the enduring and deep days friendships it has won than Is to steal a few hours from the night, for the quality of the foods my dear." -From an Old Irish Song. it serves and for the great volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- The Chicago Symphony Orchestra season day, before the matinee, it is the great is upon us with its musical treats for the win- central meeting place. ter. Teachers desiring tickets for the popu- lar concerts have been asked to communicate at once with Mrs. May O. Kinsey, 5452 Calu- met Avenue : Phone Drexel 3468 . HENRICI'S The Chicago Forum Council announces WM . M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT the opening of its fall season with " the big- gest, livest meetings in town-where you 67 W. Randolph St. really THINK on public questions . " Sched- Between Dearborn and Clark Streets uled for October 31 is a symposium, " The Conflict Between State and Church in Mex- ico . " Speakers will be Alva W. Taylor of No orchestral din Indianapolis, a friend of President Calles , and Charles Phillips of Notre Dame Uni- versity, author and playwright. Meetings THE GUNN SCHOOL are Sunday afternoons at 3:15 o'clock in the OF MUSIC Erlanger (former Palace) Theater . AND DRAMATIC ART The Chicago Civic Opera Company is offer- CHICAGO ing special inducements this year for its win- Glenn Dillard Gunn, President ter series . The plan is destined to meet the needs of those who are unable to set aside a Accredited by Chicago Board of Education Courses Leading to Promotional Credits definite day each week for the opera . By For Catalogue Address the Registrar the terms of the new arrangement, first choice of seats for all non-subscription perform- Fine Arts Building, 410 So. Michigan-Wabash 2898 ances is offered with the privilege of selecting the performance desired. These advantages 2001 STRAUS BLDG . TELEPHONE HARRISON 02004 will be contained in a special Non-subscrip- tion Performance Season Preferred Script LAURA MAE HAYWARD Educational Adviser Book. Special price concessions will also be A PERSONAL SERVICE PLACING GIRLS AND BOYS IN SCHOOLS AND CAMPS ADAPTED TO offered, the management announces . THEIR INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENTS THIS SERVICE IS WITHOUT CHARGE The way in which history is repeating itself in regard to the Chicago school system will TEACHERS !! My LetMeGive Personal You Attention be emphasized at the next meeting of the Chi- SUPERFLUOUS HAIR cago Teachers' Federation , Saturday, Octo- Removed by Multiple Electrolysis GUARANTEED PERMANENT AND SATISFACTORY ber 16 in Corinthian Hall, where information LOUISE B. EVERETT of vital importance to the teachers at this Personal Service 17 N. State Street-Dearborn 5277 time will be given out. 40 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1926 SPECIAL- For Teachers ! ESPONSIVE to a widespread and insistent demand among those who cannot devote R aqualified fixed evening each week to opera, a plan has been devised whereby absolute un- first choice of seats for all non-subscription performances is offered with the privilege of selecting from the field the performances of your choice. A special Non-Subscription Performance Season Preferred Script Book gives these advantages, with the additional one of price concessions . These books are sold at two prices $68.50 and $34.25 ; their face value is $72.00 and $36.00, respectively. The script coupons are exchangeable at face value for seats at ANY price for any performance not included in the Subscription Series. The tentative schedule of thirty- one performances affords an average of two and a half performances each week from which to make a choice. Performances to be given Friday and Saturday (Popular Prices) evenings, Sunday, and possibly upon Wednesday afternoons. First choice of seat locations is assured through the fact that these tickets are honored twenty-four hours before the public sale opens. For details call at the new Subscription Office, Wabash Avenue Entrance of Audi- torium Theatre (433 S. Wabash Avenue), or write or 'phone for a representative to call on you. CHICAGO CIVIC OPERA COMPANY AUDITORIUM THEATRE, Wabash Avenue at Congress Street : Telephone: Harrison 1224 DISTINCTIVE PERMANENT 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR WAVING Buy from one who KNOWS values, SpecialAppointment Time SetAside for Teachers and will give you an honest deal Anne Heathcote Studio F. RANKE FUR CO . 608 Republic Building-209 South State Street Second floor Capitol Bldg. Telephone Harrison 9060 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 FRANCES Specializes in Cutting Curly Hair SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C. " SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS EADED BAGS Make Your Own IGURE MOLDS CORSET ATS SAVE HALF Repaired , Relined and Duplicated Enterthe new"Dream" DetachableTop Figure Mold. B Silk Bags Made to Order DE LUXE BAG SHOP 711 Venetian Bldg. 15 E. Washington St. Clean and Dainty for Summer. 10% Discount to Teachers. Mrs. L. MacPHERSON 517 Venetian Bldg. 15 E. Washington St. H Our freedesigning, cutting and pinning service makes it possible. 10% discountto teachers MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. ORSETS IOR SPACE RATES ILLINERY SUPPLIES Gossard Corsets For these Snappy Little Ads Including FREE designing service of cut- C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison F Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Phone Central 3904 M ting, fitting and pinning materials selected. Saves 50% on hats. 10% disc. to teachers. MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. NEWEST STYLES PATS EDUCING GARMENTS URS ALL FURS K New Styles Bridge Corsets and Fu REMODELING , CLEANING REPAIRING FANCHON L. TROEGER , Inc. 4th floor Republic Bldg., State atAdams,Wab.5555 H Popular Prices KORA FOWLER 30 N. Michigan Surgical Supports BERTHA BRIDGE 926 Marshall Field Annex Central 6328 97. LON T ef True Blue Election Number Slin IV MargaretHaley's NO . 3 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . October 25, 1926 Teachers, Read in This Issue about : Tax Rates reduced this year from $40 to $20.88 on each $1,000 of valuation through equitable, uni- form assessment of property in Jamestown, N. Y. Today, October 25, 1926, the Board of Commis- sioners of Cook County took the first steps to insure equitable, uniform assessment of property through- out Chicago and Cook County and thereby to provide: ( a) A more equitable distribution of the tax burden; (b) Sufficient revenue for all the needs of the schools, the City, and the County and for decent salaries for all employes in the schools, the City and the County. (c) A reduction of tax rates. &&& It is now up to the voters to elect on Novem- ber 2, a County Judge, County Commissioners, a member of the Board of Review, three Assessors and other Tax Officials who will failthfully carry on this work. Recommendations for candidates for these offices printed here. 42 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25, 1926 A Special For Your Desk Exclusive but notExpensive A Discount of 1 In the last month nearly two thousand of these Fountain Pen Desk Sets have been sold by our representatives in al- MurrayBlackCo. 10 21 N. Wabash Ave. Ground Floor Allowed to School Teachers most every state in the Union. Between Madison and Washington The pen is a regular fountain pen with a wonderfully smooth CHICAGO'S Murray- writing point and the stand GREATEST Black keeps it in position for instant Furs Are usage. You'll want one at school Guaranteed and another in your writing desk. FUR The price? Six-fifty, sub- ject to your Federation discount. Bring your Fed- SALE eration card with you to MUSKRAT COATS-Silver and dark get it. Skins trimmed with Fox collars. Full Mail orders will be length. Special.. $225 filled at the wholesale HUDSON SEAL - Luxurious full price if you enclose length models . Skunk (Marten), this advertisement Squirrel, Kolinsky and with your remittance. quirrelmelineand.......$275 CARACUL COATS - In the new A Small shades of Chestnut Brown and gray, trimmed with Fox collar and cuffs . Deposit Full length. Holds Your Special at .... $150 Choice JAP MINK - Beautifully trimmed with Fox collars . Foronly $395 RACCOON COATS for the college girl. Flapper and Tomboy Raccoo coats. Made to sell for $450. 42 inches long . Dark Buy with Confidence skins . Special at .... $235 MARMINK COATS - Beautifully Murray - Black Co. guarantees every gar- finished, smart Mink appearance. ment to give utmost No. TF1100-$6.50 List Impressive examples of workman- satisfaction. Reliable ship. Specially priced this sale .... $175 skins, highest grade of workmanship. See MAY & MALONE , INC . them and be con- Other Values Just As Great vinced. WHOLESALE DEALERS 18th Floor 29 E. Madison St. Delicious Cooking MaryAdams 'Hi-Archa Shoe Charming Surroundings Moderate Prices OXFORD Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. Luncheon $0.60 No. 1383 Dinner 1.00 Made with Sunday Dinner 1.25 a low, flat heel JULIA KING'S Tea Room 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR Buy from one who KNOWS values , and will give you an honest deal F. RANKE FUR CO . Among other corrective features are the Second floor Capitol Bldg . all steel arch and the combination last. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 At your Neighborhood Write us for style booklet and Dealer name of your nearest dealer. HARPER & KIRSCHTEN BARNARD & MILLER Law &Commercial Printers 231 W. MONROE ST . 172 N. LA SALLE STREET / CHICAGO TelephoneFRAnklin 0562 Be Sure to Vote November 2 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL. 4. No. 3 October 25, 1926 Page 43 County Board Adopts Resolution for County-Wide Appraisal of Property President Cermak Deserves Much Credit for Board's Action A great step forward in the direction of equitable and and vote on November 2nd for the Candidates for the fair assessment of property for taxation was made today, County Board, the Board of Review, and the Board of October 25, when the Cook County Board on the recom- Assessors , who are pledged to carry out the purpose of mendation of President Cermak, adopted a resolution this resolution, taxes should be more equitably and fairly providing for a scientific appraisal of real estate of the distributed. Then the City of Chicago might take its City and County for the 1927 quadrennial assessment. proper place among the 100 other cities in the United States which have already established such standards of The action of the Board is a positive step toward lower assessment that their property is assessed on the basis of tax rates for the small property owner and adequate its actual value and not on the strength of the pull or in- revenue for decent salaries for teachers, firemen, police- fluence of the owners . men and all other employes, and all other expenses of the City and County. Following is the resolution which President Cermak of the County Board presented and was largely instru- If the people of Chicago and Cook County will go out mental in having passed : WHEREAS , under the methods of valuation RESOLVED, by the Board of Commissioners and assessment of property for taxation in vogue of Cook County that the president be, and he for years the burden of taxation falls heaviest on hereby is, instructed to secure estimates and pro- the small home owner and small business man ; posals from recognized companies experienced in tax rates are excessively high because millions municipal appraisal work who are competent and of dollars in revenue-earning property are not qualified to perform such appraisal service and to contributing their fair and equitable share of take all necessary steps to secure such additional taxes while owners of property adequately as- information as in his judgment may be needed; sessed or over assessed are paying much more and that such estimates, proposals and informa- than their fair share of the public burden ; tion be submitted to this Board in time for this WHEREAS, more than a hundred cities in the Board to instruct its finance committee to pro- United States have had their real estate appraised vide in the budget for 1927 a sufficient appropria- for assessment purposes on a scientific, equitable, tion for the payment of such bids for such ap- and uniform basis, with the result that the tax praisal service as may be lawfully accepted, and payers in these cities have a feeling of confidence that such information be used and the necessary and satisfaction because such appraisal has se- steps be then taken by this Board to have all real cured lower tax rates and greater equity in the estate, lands and buildings, in the ' County ap- distribution of the tax burden ; praised on an equitable, uniform, scientific and lawful basis for the quadrennial assessment of WHEREAS, under a joint investigation by the 1927. Board of Education and the City Council of Chi- cago an appraisal of the entire central business RESOLVED FURTHER, that all taxing bodies district of Chicago was made which revealed of Cook County be requested to join the County gross inequalities in the distribution of the tax of Cook in meeting the expense of such appraisal burden ; therefore be it service. Polls Open From 6 A. M. to 4 P. M. 44 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25, 1926 From the Masthead by The Lookout Vote next Tuesday, November 2 Vote the Bulletin Ballot Take it with you to the Polls Get 10 others to vote this Ballot To the Teachers of Chicago: The election on November 2 is one of the City Council Committee on Schools, Fire and most important that has ever confronted the Civil Service, Friday, Oct. 22 . teachers of Chicago and citizens generally. This hearing was on the communication Many vital issues are involved in the elec- from the Chicago Teachers' Federation to the tion of candidates this November and in the City Council, on September 15, referred by the vote on propositions. Council to the Committee on Schools, pub- On the election of candidates this fall de- lished in the Bulletin of September 18. pend: Sufficient revenue to continue to pay the (a) Teachers' salaries and the possibilities present salary schedules of the teachers be- of a cut. yond the year 1927 is dependent upon more (b) Additional revenue to pay the teach- equitable and fair assessment of property by ers, the firemen and policemen, and other the assessing boards aided by the County needs of the city and schools. Board and other taxing officials, candidates (c) The necessary appropriation for the for which offices are on the November ballot. scientific appraisal of the real estate of the On the selection of these candidates depends City and County approved by the County largely the outcome of the revenue situation Board today, Oct. 25, as the first step toward in the schools and the city . obtaining an equitable assessment of property Three candidates for the Cook County for taxation. Board of Assessors and one candidate for the (d) Control of the election machinery of Board of Review will be elected by the Chi- the City and County. cago voters for six-year terms . The Chicago On the proposition ballot, which is separate voters will also vote for 10 of the 15 members from the candidates' ballot, the people will for the Board of Cook County Commissioners vote on an amendment to the revenue articles to be elected on Nov. 2. The voters in the of the State Constitution and nine other propo- County outside of Chicago will elect the other sitions . five . On the selection of the members of this Board and of the Board of Review and Board The position taken by the Chicago Teachers' of Assessors will depend the success or failure Federation in pointing out that an advertised of this enormously important question of the shortage for the January and February pay- rolls would not exist, and showing that, on the appraisal of the lands and buildings of the contrary, there would be a surplus of $4,500,- city and county for assessment purposes. 000 in the educational fund of the Board of Read elsewhere in this Bulletin the excerpts Education on December 31, 1926, was sus- from that interesting story of how the tax tained by the City Treasurer's office and the rates in the City of Jamestown, N. Y., were City Comptroller's office at a hearing of the reduced this year from $40 on each $1000 Be Sure to Vote November 2 October 25, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 45 valuation to $20.88 through a scientific, equit- before and on November 2nd for candidates able appraisal of the lands and buildings of pledged to honest, equitable assessment of that city ; such as Chicago has just had for property for taxation. It is to these office the lands and buildings in the central business holders that the teachers will have to look district, and the County Board has today for the maintenance of their salary schedule voted for the entire city and county. and for any hope of increase. Until there is a Teachers will find here the pledges of three substantial foundation through equitable candidates for the Board of Assessors and one assessment, there is danger of a salary cut. for the Board of Review who promise to sup- With that fact in mind, read this issue of the port that appraisal . Bulletin and vote as your conscience dictates. The Federation has recommended the elec- In the center of this Bulletin is printed a tion of these candidates . It has also recom- specimen ballot. On it are noted the recom- mended the election of candidates for the mendations of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- Board of County Commissioners and for Presi- tion for all offices which have to do with taxa- dent of that Board ; and for other offices vi- tion. It is suggested that you take this speci- tally connected with the tax machinery of men ballot with you to the polls. the city and county. Also in this Bulletin are printed the recom- The teachers of Chicago have been demand- mendations of the Federation of Labor and of ing and insisting for more than 26 years that the Illinois State Teachers' Association the lack of revenue to run the schools of the through their respective officers , Victor city, which has crippled both for so long, is Olander and Robert C. Moore, on candidates due to the utter lack of equity, uniformity, for the state legislature. Their advice is worth justice and fairness, or even common sense following as it is based on the previous records and common honesty, in the assessment of of the candidates . property. The tax rates are already too high . As a special exhibit in the Bulletin are The Jamestown equitable assessment and that newspaper reprints of the tax record of of many other cities have shown that tax rates George F. Harding, Republican candidate for have been reduced when the assessments were County Treasurer. The teachers are urged equalized and put on a fair, uniform basis ; especially to read carefully that record as here and that haphazard, guesswork, favoritism, produced and to be guided accordingly. fraud and mysterious methods have disap- The recommendations here made are the peared ; the public has been made acquainted fruits of a quarter of a century's work for with what was going on and the assessments fair and equitable assessment of property for made have been approved by the people. They the purpose of establishing a firm foundation are willing to pay the taxes because they know for the financial needs of the city including a the laws are uniformly enforced against all high and safe salary schedule for teachers . property. As you guard your salary, guide your vote. Not less important than the administration There are two paramount issue in the No- of the tax machinery is the control of the elec- vember election. The first is control of the tion machinery of this city. That question is tax-assessing Boards of Cook County ; the sec- at stake, too. ond is control of the election machinery Another office so closely related to the through the election of a County Judge. assessing machinery as to be a part of it is the The writer can speak from personal knowl- office of the County Clerk who spreads the edge of the vigorous handling of tax matters taxes over the property assessed, and the that have come before Judge Jarecki. And County Treasurer who is in charge of the ma- the vigorous efforts of Judge Jarecki to check chinery for collecting and receiving the taxes. wholesale election frauds should make the Read this Bulletin carefully and decide for people know that the situation is terribly se- yourself on the candidates whose program rious and that it would be a public calamity bids fair to insure for the City and County not to elect him . equitable taxation through a scientific ap- praisal of property in the City of Chicago and the County of Cook. It is important first, that every teacher vote. It is equally important that each teacher get at least 10 other persons to vote and to work Morgana. Haly Polls Open From 6 A. M. to 4 P. M. 46 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25, 1926 Vote for Harry Kohl for Board of Review His Pledge Is His Platform Photographic Reproduction TO THE CITIZENS AND TAXPAYERS OF COOK COUNTY . The law of the state requires assessment of property for tax purposes at fair full values , but it does not instruct the assessor as to the proper methods for determining such values . The assessment of real estate in Cook County has been done under - no proper standards of valuation and no scientific methods have been used to supplant the old unknown , guess -work plans in vogue for years . The mounting tax raten and the knowledge that the burden of taxes is not equitably distributed , with the heaviest burden nav on the small home owner, has focused attention on the methods of tax distribution and appraisal . In order to correct these appalling in- equities , the Board of Commissioners of Cook County has passed a resolution providing for an appraisal of the County , such as has been success- fully made in the business district of Chicago , and in more than 100 American cities , to provide for an equitable and scientific valuation of the lands and buildings throughout the county so that every taxpayer will know that his own and other properties are valued for taxation by identical standards . Feeling that such an appraisal for assessment will materially reduce the tax rates and put on the assessment rolls hundreds of millions of dollars in valuable property now escaping its fair share of taxation , I will , if elected to the Cook County Board of Review , give this scientific appraisal my wholehearted support to the end that the tax payers may haveconfidence that assessments are fair , equitable and uniform . Harry Kohl DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE Member of Board of Review . October 25 , 1926 . Be Sure to Vote November 2 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 47 October 25, 1926 Vote for These Candidates for Board of Assessors They Are Pledged to Equitable Assessment Photographic Reproduction October 25th , 1926 . TO THE CITIZENS AND TAXPAYERS OF COOK COUNTY: The Assessor's sole function in the machinery of government is to secure uniformity and equality in the dis- tribution of taxes among the individual taxpayers . In Cook County , like most other counties , the assessment of real estate has been made by the usual guess- work methods , which haphazard valuations have resulted in over-valuation of the small home owners ' property and under- valuation of enormou- ly large real estate holdings and other revenue earning properties . A radical departure from these old , mysterious and unequal appraisal methods is imperative because of steadily increasing tax rates which place an increasingly heavy burden on the small tax payer and small business man. The remedy lies in a scientific appraisal , such as was made this year for the City Council and Board of Education of the Chicago Central Business District , so that the uniform, systematic and unprejudiced methods of valuation under expert ditection , which have proved their worth in over 100 American cities can be applied to Cook County and provide a basis for a fair and equitable distribution of the tax burden . We feel that such an appraisal will strengthen public confidence in the whole assessment procedure and we commit ourselves to carry the program outlined in the resolution adopted by the Board of Commissioners of Cook County for such a scientific appraisal. WillianCo omors . Democratic Candidate for Board of Assessors Hatther -A . Berg Democratic Candidate for Board Assessors Democratic Candidate for Board of Assessors Polls Open From 6 A. M. to 4 P. M. 48 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25, 1926 Every Vote for Martin J. O'Brien Is a Vote Against Harding Newspaper Publishes Record of George F. Harding In order that Bulletin readers may have in It should be borne in mind that all taxes mind, when they go to the polls next Tues- collected throughout the year are paid to the day, the record of George F. Harding, Repub- County Treasurer, and for more than nine lican candidate for County Treasurer, The months of the year he is collector as well as Bulletin reprints here an article from the Chi- the receiver of the taxes. cago Daily News and an advertisement from It is therefore important that the County the Chicago Daily Journal setting forth Mr. Treasurer have a clear tax record. Harding's record. Characterizing George F. Harding as a habitual tax Settles $97,000 for $27,000 dodger who, while now a candidate for county treasurer, owes the county in excess of $60,000 in back taxes, "On March 15, 1925, Mr. Harding submitted another Henry M. Ashton, former special tax attorney for the proposition to the county board showing that he owed board of education, in addressing the Public Ownership for back taxes and penalties on certain property $97,- League at 19 South LaSalle street at noon today, urged 389.23. He offered to settle in full for $27,279.19. This support for Martin J. O'Brien, Mr. Harding's democratic offer was also recommended by the state's attorney and opponent, in the November election. approved by the county board. This was a reduction of "In my work as special tax attorney for the board of about 72 per cent. education during 1924 and 1925 I found there was about "In other words, Mr. Harding paid only about 18 per $10,000,000 due for back taxes on real estate in the city cent of the taxes that were justly due on this property of Chicago that had been forfeited to the state," Mr. Ashton said. "I found that the person who owned the and that had accumulated for a period of about thirty largest amount of improved property that stood on the years. tax books as forfeited was the present republican candi- "I find that Mr. Harding also owes over $33,000 on date for county treasurer, George F. Harding. other pieces of forfeited property for taxes. In other "The printed proceedings of the county board and the words, the county books show that Mr. Harding stands records of the county treasurer's office reveal some in- today as a delinquent for back taxes of more than $60.000. teresting facts regarding Mr. Harding's taxpaying and "Mr. O'Brien promises the same economies as Mr. nontaxpaying activities during the last two years . In Harding. Mr. Harding's record as comptroller of Chi- January, 1925, Mr. Harding owed approximately $300,000 cago, under Thompson, was not good. He permitted for forfeited taxes and penalties. In September, 1925, overappropriations and personally attended to the pay- he submitted to the county board propositions in which he showed that he owed taxes and penalties amounting ing out from the city treasury of about $5,000,000 to to $185,544.91. He offered to settle in full for $57,143.35. certain real estate experts. Citizens interested in effi- This settlement was recommended by the state's at- cient operation of the county treasurer's office for the torney and approved by the county board on October 5, next four years should vote for O'Brien." 1925, and Mr. Harding paid this reduced amount. October 20, 1926. -Daily News . Rebuke Tax Dodging The official records show that the building here is owned by the Republican Candidate for County Treas- urer. It would cost to rebuild $500,000, It is fully occupied at a fair rental . Would not any honest citizen expect to pay taxes of not less than $15,000 or $20,000 per year on this property? The actual taxes paid on this building last year amounted to less than Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000). The same facts could be charged with reference to many other buildings owned by him. It is charged that his "savings" of this character do amount to a million dollars in a four-year term. Is this the reason why he calls himself "SAVE A MILLION ?" If you want to rebuke tax dodging of this kind and insure honest and efficient administration of the office of County Treasurer, you are urged to put a cross in the square before this name in the Democratic column of your official ballot on November 2nd. Thus: Martin J. O'Brien Advertisement, Chicago Daily Journal, October 25, 1926. Be Sure to Vote November 2 October 25, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 49 City and School Tax Rate Reduced as Result of Jamestown Appraisal Chicago May Expect Results Obtained in Eastern City Of interest to Chicago, whose loop lands and The city authorities of Jamestown, in compliance with buildings have just been appraised for assess- the suggestions of the Jamestown Chamber of Com- merce, engaged the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company ment purposes by the same company, is the of Philadelphia to furnish expert assistance to the di- report of the appraisal for assessment of the rector of assessments for the reassessments . The work lands and buildings of his city, Samuel A. required four months' time, employing eight of the com- Carlson, Mayor of Jamestown, N. Y., pub- pany's experts, besides about thirty non-expert building lished in " The American City Magazine" for measurers and clerks who were employed locally. The work was accomplished altogether without reference to October, 1926. any previous valuation, on an independent plan. * * * The amount of work covered by the Manu- RESULT SUMMARIZED facturers' Appraisal Company, author of the Chicago loop report, in the Jamestown ap- In summarizing, let me say that in Jamestown, like most other cities, assessments had been made by the praisal, is approximately that covered in the usual guesswork methods, with the result that revenue- Chicago loop appraisal and for the same earning properties had not contributed an equitable amount of money, $15,000 . share of the general tax for public expenses. The The splendid results shown in Jamestown Somers plan completely revised the assessment method which had been in vogue for years. Street values, with prophesy the results which may be expected reference to traffic accessibility, desirability, etc., were from the Chicago loop appraisal and from the determined in a scientific manner, and individual prop- proposed appraisal of the entire city. Ex- erty was revalued on the basis of these street values, cerpts from the Jamestown Mayor's report which were appraised by the Citizens' Committee. Build- are published below : ings were appraised on the basis of square foot of floor space, according to prevailing reproductive cost, with The city of Jamestown, N. Y., has just gone through usual allowance for depreciation, etc. the experience of having two complete reassessments of its real estate, both of which revaluations have been The city and school tax rate under the Somers assess- efforts to secure greater equity in the distribution of the ment roll was reduced from $40 per $ 1,000 valuation tax burden. under the old assessment to $20.88 under the new assess- ment, based on the 1925 budget. On a 60 per cent basis, For two years past, Director of Assessments Henry T. the total valuations were increased from $31,000,000 to Krieger, unaided, had studied various plans of scientific $59,000,000. ( It is aimed eventually to bring all property assessment and had applied as much of the plans as was up to a full value.) Notwithstanding the propaganda possible without the employment of expert assistance. against the new plan of assessment by those who have The publication of his revaluations naturally aroused been under- assessed, less than 3 per cent of the 10,000 protests from many taxpayers whose assessments had individual taxpayers made complaints, which means that been increased. Assessor Krieger had made his revalua- 97 per cent of all taxpayers considered the Somers' as- tions without public discussion and comparison of views sessment entirely satisfactory, and more equitable than of citizens as to street or building valuations . Although any previous assessment. regarding Mr. Krieger as a conscientious and highly capable official, the taxpayers were not prepared for so The Krieger plan was in the main verified by the radical a departure from the old basis as resulted from Somers experts and concurred in by the Advisory Com- the Assessor's arduous labors in personally revaluing mittee. This had the psychological effect of strengthen- something like 17,000 lots or parcels of land and the ing public confidence in the entire procedure, which was buildings thereon. worth to the city many times the cost of the employment * * * of the Somers experts . CHAMBER OF COMMERCE CONTRIBUTES $ 15,000 Excerpts from Article in the American City, October, 1926. The objections to the assessments were so numerous "More Equitable Taxation by Scientific Assessment of Real Estate ." and so vociferous that the Jamestown Chamber of Com- By Samuel A. Carlson, merce undertook to solve the difficulty by contributing Mayor of Jamestown, N. Y. $15,000 to a special fund to be expended by the city for the employment of disinterested experts to assist the assessor in a revaluation of the city real estate. The After Vacation Chamber of Commerce specified that the Somers System This bit of pathos must not pass. A lady of Land Valuation should be employed, this system hav- lost her purse, and was frantically hunting ing been previously used by assessors aided by experts for it. in nearly 100 cities, and by assessors without expert assistance in many other municipalities . "What shape was your purse, madam ?" The status quo in the assessment of real estate is asked a sympathetic gentleman. always difficult to overturn. The existing assessments "Flat," she replied, "I'm a teacher." are often the heritage of many years of compromise. -Pittsburgh School Bulletin. Polls Open From 6 A. M. to 4 P. M. Voting Take This to the November Booth 2 ,1 926 POL OPE SPECIMEN BALLOT P. 6 A M. to 4 by Below Indicated 'F Teachers Chicago The Endorsed Candidates ederation 28 BALLOT DEMOCRAT REPUBLICA BALLOT SENATOR STATES FOR UNITED JUDGE OF THE PROBATE COURT FOR SENATOR UNITED STATES FOR OF JUDGE FOR PROBA THE COURT OF , COOK COUNTY THE COUNTY COOK OF ,THE BRENNAN GEORGE E. FRANK SMITH L. ILLINOIS ILLINOIS HENRY HORNER HOLMES J. THOMAS TREASURER FOR STATE TREASURER FOR STATE FOR THE CLERK OF PROBATE COURT THE CLERK OF FOR COURT PROBA NELSON SAMUEL L. GARRETT D. KINNEY OF THE , COUNTY COOK COUNTY THE COOK ,OF ILLINOIS ILLINOIS PUBLIC OF SUPERINTE FOR NDENT FOR SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC HITZMAN GEORGE MITCHELL ROBIN C. INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTION FOR CLERK CRIMINA OF THE JAMIESON ALEXANDER W. COURT COUNTY THE OF FOR OF THE CRIMINAL CLERK FRANCIS G. BLAIR COOK I , LLINOIS COUNTY THE OF COURT JOHN PASSMORE H. SUPREME OF THE COOK ,ILLINOIS SUPREME FOR OF THE CLERK CLERK FOR COURT COUNT FOR SUPER OF COURT BRADY J. PETER SCHOOLS OF THE COUNTY LOGAN ,S JOHN .A.R VAIL CHARLES W. COOK I , LLINOIS SUPERINTENDENT FOR COUNTY OF COUNTY THE SCHOOLS MINNIE WHITHAM OF UNIVERSITY OF THE FOR TRUSTEES UNIVERSIT THE OF TRUSTEES Y FOR ,ILLINOIS COOK FOR MEMBE THE BOARD OF OF ILLINOIS OF ILLINOIS TOBIN J. E X DWARD REVIEW THE OF COUNTY Elected be ) hree to (T COOK I LLINOIS ,OF Elected be to T )(hree EVANS LAURA B. FOR MEMBER BOARD THE OF CHARLES BARRETT V. WILSON CAMPBELL BEULAH REVIEW OF THE COUNTY GRIGSBY HELEN MATTHEWS ASSESS FOR THE OF COUNT OF ,ILLINOIS COOK COOK I LLINOIS ,OF O'HAIR T. FRANK WILLIAM L. NOBLE KOHL H X ARRY Term F)(ull ALDEN TRACY WILLIAM FOR REPRESENTATIVES IN (Two to Elected )be COUNTY THE OF ASSESSORS FOR LARGE CONGRESS S ATATE - ADAM WOLF OF ,ILLINOIS COOK T to be Elected .) wo ( IN FOR REPRESENTATIVES F Term ) ull ( GENE OLIVER G. LARGE AT S - ATE CONGRESS (T to be Elected ) wo HENRY RATHBONE R. .) wo Elected T be to ( ☑ WILLIAM CONNORS J. YATES RICHARD ASSES FOR OF THE COUN COOK I , LLINOIS WISE J. FRANK M A. ☑BERG ,J . RATTHEW APPELLATE FOR CLERK OF THE Fill Vacancy )(To COURT TITUS HAFFA KARCH CHARLES A. THE ASSESSOR FOR OF COUNTY COOK ,ILLINOIS District First TRUST FOR SANIT DISTRI Fill Vacancy (T )o SCOTT WALTER WILLIAM ICHICAGO ,OF LLINOIS APPELLATE THE OF CLERK FOR E. J X CONROY OHN be(hree Elected T)to COURT IN REPRESENTATIVE FOR LAWRENCE KING F. DISTRICT FOR TRUSTEES SANITARY CONGRESS District First District Congressional MORRIS ELLER I OF CHICAGO , LLINOIS SPROUL W. ELLIOTT GRAYDON CHARTES E. B WYAN JAMES ..... CONGRESS SENATOR STATE FOR FOR PRESI . HY THE OF BOAR FRANK District Senatorial 1 COUNTY COMMISS OF Congressional District ROEDER F. THE COUNTY Cook ,OF GEORGE HULL PORTER ILLINOIS SENATOR STATE FRANCIS BOUTELL L. FOR PRESIDENT FOR BOARD THE OF FOR IN REPRESENTATIVES GENERAL ASSEMBLY District Senatorial COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF OF THE COOк ,COUNTY Senatorial District COUN FOR COMMI OF ...... IN REPRESENT FOR ATIVES ILLINOIS COUNTY THE COOK I ,OF LLINOIS ) ote orhree ,T One for V ( wo ASSEMBLY GENERAL CERMAK J.NTON A ☑ F( rom City the Chicago )of District Senatorial or Three )One ,V wo for ( ote COMMISSIONERS FOR COUNTY OF to ( Ten Elected )be COUNTY THE I OF COOK , LLINOIS FOR THE OF JUDGE COUNTY COUNTY ,ILLINOIS OF COOK FRANCIS BOUTELL L. the (F Chicago ofrom )City JOSEPH SAVAGE P. THE OF JUDGE COUNTY FOR ) n Elected to (T be PETERSON CHARLES S. ,I LLINOIS COOK OF COUNTY ☑ CERMAK J. ANTON K. JARECKI EDMUND OF THE COUNTY FOR SHERIFF GIBSON J W. XOHN WHEALAN X EMMET I COOK , LLINOIS COUNTY THE OF SHERIFF FOR ANDREW C. METZGER M. FITZGERALD JOSEPH X B. ARNOLD GEORGE I , LLINOIS COOK D ☑ ANIEL RYAN ,J . R LOUIS NETTELHORST P. CARR J. ☑ M KAVANAGH F.AURICE FOR OF AND CLERK COUNTY HARRY A. NEWBY OF CLERK AND CLERK FOR COUNTY THE OF COURT COUNTY COURT OF THE COUNTY P. ARTHUR O'BRIEN COUNTY ,ILLINOIS COOK OF I OF , LLINOIS COOK COUNTY JOHN PELKA A. X FRANK J. WILSON LEROY MILLNER ROBERT SWEITZER M. LOUIS E. GOLAN ☑ MRS .E W. BEMIS . OF THE COUNTY TREASURER FOR THE COUNTY FOR OF TREASURER I OF COOK , LLINOIS JOSEPH PRYBYLO GERDS L. CHARLES OF ,ILLINOIS COOK MARTIN O'BRIEN J. CARMEN VACCO GEORGE F. HARDING HENRY S. GOINS CAN FAV WIT REC TEA M ON ' The is following candidates lof aist NAME FORMERLY CANDIDA NOW FOR whose large above the on will appear names ballot ,on Judges for separate the r J. GLACKIN EDWARD . Senate State Illinois the of Member Congres Congress , hird .T District ,a election Court Municipal the of on t all have candidates .T 2nd November hese members the City of been or Council RYAN W. JAMES , Representatives House the of Member Court Clerk of the Appella ,FDistrict irst public some ,oin Legislature ffice r ther Springfield . C(). hicago friends teachers of been have they which their measures have and the for worked CARR J. P. bills .H e County Now advocated Treasurer Cook . County of Sheriff of interests and the teachers ' have that in Legislature the resulted - their records shown by schools .,as educational of revenue fund the .crease Federation when It is the policy of JOHN TOUHY J. are records favorable officials with public Now of the City Council .Member of the Sanitary .Trustee District candidates to offices election for , other the teachers their know about favorable let Member Legislature of ,House Repre- -eto Relection Municip Court separate (on O'TOOLE J. JAMES sentatives . ask for these candidates records and to ballot ). they have same favorable consideration that their measures in and given teachers the to .F . REILLY THOS . Legislature Member last of the Municipal Court separate Judge n ballot ).(o the past . 52 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25, 1926 Labor and State Teachers' Association Recommend Legislative Candidates Records as Indicated by Robert C. Moore and Victor Olander Published Robert C. Moore, Secretary of the State DISTRICT 3-Parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 11 and 13 Record on Recommenda- Teachers' Association, and the Joint Labor Educational tions of Bills Labor Legislative Board have indicated the attitude Defeat of members of the Legislature, candidates for Adelbert H. Roberts, R. Good Warren B. Douglas, R. Fair Re-elect election for Senators and Representatives, as Fair Re-elect judged from their activity for educational and George T. Kersey, R. George G. Noonan, D. Good Re-elect labor bills, respectively. DISTRICT 4-Ward 14 and parts of 3, 12, 13, 15 and 17 Based on roll calls, general attitude, help- (No election of Senator) fulness and activity for educational bills, the Elmer N. Holmgren New ... ... records of candidates have been marked by James P. Boyle, D. Fair Re-elect Mr. Moore, Excellent, Good, Fair, Neutral and Thomas J. O'Grady, D. Good Re-elect Opposed. DISTRICT 5-Wards 4 and 5 and parts of 3, 6, 8, 17 Victor A. Olander, Secretary of the Illinois Bernard J. Kerwin, D. New State Federation of Labor, in the Weekly Robert Deblois, R. New News Letter of October 16, 1926, has printed Katherine H. Goode, R. Good Re- elect the report of the Joint Labor Legislative Sidney Lyon, R. Fair Defeat Board showing that Board's view of the can- Michael L. Igoe, D. Excellent Elect didates from their action on labor bills. These Herman Forel , New recommendations are indicated by the words DISTRICT 6-Ward 45 and parts of 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, "Re-elect" or "Defeat" -blank means no rec- 49, 50 and parts of Evanston ommendation, or if marked "New," no legis- (No election for Senator) lative record . Ralph E. Church, R. Poor Defeat Senators are to be elected this year from Emil A. W. Johnson Good ..... Charles H. Weber, D. Fair odd numbered districts only. In the lists printed below, the names of Senators appear Morris Lynchenheim, R. New first and are in black type in each district, DISTRICT 7-Parts of Wards 12, 15, 19, 41 Arthur A. Huebsch, New Elect “R” standing for Republican and “D” for Howard P. Castle, R. Poor Defeat Democrat. Martin H. Finneran, D. Good Re-elect Following are the designations of Mr. William F. Propper, R. New Elect Moore and the recommendations of the Joint DISTRICT 8 -Lake Forest Labor Legislative Board, marked according to (No election of Senator) the way each candidate has demonstrated his Charles H. Francis, R. Fair Defeat helpfulness in the passage of educational and N. L. Jackson, R. Neutral Defeat labor bills : William F. Weiss, R. Fair Defeat DISTRICT 9-Parts of Wards 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 CHICAGO AND NEARBY DISTRICTS Patrick J. Carroll, D. Good Re-elect DISTRICT 1 -Parts of Wards 1 , 2 and 11 David I. Swanson, R. Fair ......... Record on Recommenda- Educational tions of William J. Gormley, D. Good Re-elect Bills Labor Joseph Placek, D. Neutral Re-elect Roy C. Wood .... Fair DISTRICT 11-Wards 16, 18 and parts of 8, 15, 17, 19 Adolph Marks, R. .... Fair David I. Swanson, R. .. Charles A. Griffin, R. Good ... ... John M. Lee, D. Excellent Elect Sheadrick B. Turner, R. Neutral .. Calvin T. Weeks New Elect John Griffin, D. Excellent DISTRICT 13-Wards 7, 9, 10 and parts of 6, 8, 19 and DISTRICT 2-Parts of Wards 25, 26, 27 and 28 Town of Calumet (No election of Senator) Harry W. Starr, R. New Elect Peter S. Krump, R. Fair Re-elect Elmer J. Schnackenberg Fair Defeat Good Re-elect Theo . D. Smith, R. Fair Defeat Frank Ryan, D. Harry C. Van Norman, D. Fair Re- elect William W. Powers, D. Good Re-elect Be Sure to Vote November 2 October 25, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 53 DISTRICT 14 -Aurora Record on Recommenda- Educational tions of DISTRICT 23-Parts of Wards 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 Senator : No election Bills Labor Record on Recommenda- Educational tions of Ralph H. Hoar, R. Fair Defeat Bills Lahor Lowell B. Mason, R. Fair Defeat Frank A. McCarthy, R. Excellent Re-elect John M. Peffers, R. Neutral Defeat Edward M. Overland, R. Neutral Defeat Fred W. Hrdlicka, D. Good Re- elect DISTRICT 15-Parts of Wards 20, 21, 26 DISTRICT 25-Wards 38, 39, 40 and parts of 33, 34, 35, John J. Boehm, D. Excellent Re- elect 36, 37, 41 , 47, 50 Thomas Curran, R. Neutral Re-elect Fair Elect Daniel Webster, R. Matt Franz, D. Fair Re-elect Fair Re- elect Mrs. Rena Elrod , R. Joseph Perina, D. Good Re -elect Fair Defeat Theodore Steinert, R. DISTRICT 17- John G. Jacobson, D. Good Re- elect Senator : No recommendation DISTRICT 27-Parts of Wards 27, 31, 33 William V. Pacelli, R. Fair Re- elect Fair Re- elect A. L. Auth, D. Chas. Coia, D. Poor Re-elect Fair Re-elect William Lipka, D. Jacob W. Epstein, D. Good ... DISTRICT 29-Parts of Wards 42, 43 DISTRICT 19-Wards 23, 24, 29 and parts of 21, 22, 23, John T. Joyce, R. Good Re-elect 25, 28, 30 Good Re-elect Michael R. Durso, R. John T. Denvir, D. Excellent Re-elect Neutral Re-elect Ernest W. Turner, R. Charles E. Marinier, R. Good Re-elect Re- elect Lawrence C. O'Brien, D. Fair Harry I. Weisbrod, R. Fair Defeat DISTRICT 31-Parts of Wards 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49 John R. McSweeney, D. Good Re-elect Herman J. Haenisch, R. Good Walter F. Gallas, D. Good Re- elect DISTRICT 41-Joliet, Downers Grove, Wilmington DISTRICT 21-Parts of Wards 28, 30, 31, 32, 37 Richard J. Barr, R. Excellent Re-elect Edward J. Hughes, D. Excellent Re-elect Lottie Holman O'Neill, R. Excellent Re-elect Frederick J. Bippus, R. Good Defeat John L. Walker, R. Good Benjamin M. Mitchell, D. Good Elect Michael F. Hennebry, D. Fair Re- elect Ten Issues to Appear on November Ballot Chicago Teachers' Federation Endorses Proposed Tax Amendment In addition to the names of candidates for Here is a list of the candidates for these of- office, there will be 10 propositions on the No- fices, so important to teachers and the public, vember ballot. recommended by the Chicago Teachers' Fed- eration . The teachers will find a cross in the They are : square before the names of these candidates Tax amendment to the State Constitu- on the ballot in this Bulletin : tion-Vote YE. FOR STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION Six bond issues for roads, bridges, im- FRANCIS G. BLAIR provements and a new jail. FOR COUNTY JUDGE Daylight Saving Law. JUDGE EDMUND K. JARECKI Modification of the Volstead Act. FOR COUNTY TREASURER Leasing the Illinois and Michigan Canal. MARTIN J. O'BRIEN FOR COUNTY CLERK The only issue on which the Chicago Teach- ROBERT M. SWEITZER ers ' Federation has taken a position is on the FOR COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS proposal to amend the Constitution. The Fed- EDWARD J. TOBIN eration has endorsed the amendment. FOR ASSESSORS A communication from the Illinois State WILLIAM J. CONNORS Teachers' Association says, " Teachers are ad- MATTHEW A. BERG vocating ( 1) the ratification of the proposed JOHN E. CONROY tax amendment so that a more equitable and FOR MEMBER OF BOARD OF REVIEW enforceable tax system can be provided. " HARRY KOHL Polls Open From 6 A. M. to 4 P. M. 54 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25, 1926 Legal Opinion Indicates Pension Com- mission Has Right to Investigate Teachers' Fund No Teachers' Representative Is on Pension Commission of Chicago The opinion of Leon Hornstein, first as- into pension matters by the Pension Commis- sistant corporation counsel, printed below, in- sion of Chicago. dicates that the teachers' pension fund is to There is no representative of the teachers be included in the inquiry which is being made on this Pension Commission . Following is the opinion : where the control or seat of power with respect to each CITY OF CHICAGO individual fund is lodged, and then to make such rec- Department of Law ommendations as it deems proper as to any or all of OPINION ΝΟ . 1661 . them. October 7, 1926. In re Scope of Study of Pension There is nothing unusual or improper in the City Matters by Pension Commission of Chicago. Council making recommendations for legislation which Mr. George C. Sikes, affect the people of the City as distinguished from the SECRETARY PENSION COMMISSION OF CHICAGO . municipality as a corporate entity. The tax-payers of Dear Sir: the City are necessarily concerned, and any law which Your letter concerning the resolution offered on behalf affects them has such a distinct and positive bearing on of the teachers at a recent meeting of the Pension Com- the affairs of the municipality that the Council is justi- mission of the City of Chicago, and asking for an opinion fied in making investigations and recommending legisla- thereon, was referred to the writer for attention. tion relative thereto. You state that at the said meeting Mr. I. T. Greenacre, Hence, viewed broadly, there can be no question of representing the teachers, spoke against the Pension the right of the Commission to inquire into the manage- Commission making recommendations for amendments ment of the various pension funds mentioned. Such in- to the Chicago Teachers ' Pension Law, and offered the quiry, in the case of the Library fund and the House of following resolution : Correction fund, may even partake of the nature of an " RESOLVED , By the Pension Commission of investigation into expenditures, and an examination of Chicago that the authority granted to the Commis- accounts, since these are branches of the City Govern- sion by the City Council on May 13, 1925, ‘ To make a ment for which the officers of the City Council are in a comprehensive study of pension matters and report large degree responsible. A somewhat different status their findings and recommendations to the City Coun- exists with respect to the School Pension Fund, that cil with a view of recommending amendments to being under the jurisdiction of the Board of Education, Illinois Pension Laws that are deemed necessary,' which is defined by statute as a body politic and cor- does not include authority to make findings and rec- porate. It is doubtful whether the Commission would ommendations to the City Council recommending be justified in demanding statements or an exhibition of amendments to the Chicago Teachers' Pension Law." accounts or minutes of meetings as to this fund, though You further state that, after considerable discussion it may make such inquiry as is within its reach and of the subject, it was determined that the Corporation examine available data. So far as recommendations for Counsel should be asked for an opinion as to the right legislation as to such matters are concerned, however, of the commission to inquire into the management of we know of no limitation on the City Council, and we the Chicago Teachers' Pension Fund, Chicago Public believe the Council by the resolution above quoted has Library Pension Fund, and House of Correction Pension authorized the Commission to go into the subject. Fund, and to make recommendations concerning such The writer interviewed Mr. Greenacre in regard to his funds. attitude, and it would seem that he urges two points. The order of the City Council under which the Pen- One of these is that the City Council, while it has the sion Commission was appointed was passed on May 13, power itself to extend the scope of the inquiry to the 1925. (Council Journal p. 251.) It contained a preamble Teachers' Pension Fund, has not conferred such power reciting, among other things, that there were a number on the Commission. To this we cannot agree, as we of bills pending before the Legislature bearing on pen- have already shown. sions of municipal employes, that the various pension The other point is that it had been indicated to those funds aggregated large sums, and that the taxpayers interested in the Teachers' Pension Fund that no recom- were interested in an intelligent, business -like and honest mendations as to legislation would be made without giv- administration by the various pension boards. ing them a hearing, but that it was now the intention This was followed by the order, which reads : to make such recommendations without such hearing. "ORDERED, That His Honor the Mayor is hereby With this, of course, this department has nothing to do, directed to appoint a commission to make a compre- and no legal question is involved. It would seem as hensive study of pension matters and report their though inquiry had been made on this point and that findings and recommendations to the City Council the Mayor was informed from this department that the with a view of recommending amendments to Illinois author of the resolution had no intention of making an Pension laws that are deemed necessary." investigation of the Teachers' Pension Fund. (See letter It would seem from the wording of the order that it addressed to the Mayor under date of March 9, 1926.) was the intention of the City Council that the Commis- Yours truly, (Signed) LEON HORNSTEIN, sion should make a study of all pension matters in which First Assistant Corporation Counsel. APPROVED : the people of the City are interested, regardless of (Signed) FRANCIS X. BUSCH, Corporation Counsel. Be Sure to Vote November 2 October 25, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 55 Teachers' Tenure Takes a Turn- N. E. A. Finds It Praiseworthy Time Was When Tenure Was Frowned Upon In these days when officially or unofficially, I'll give them twinty years if they want it," Chicago teachers' tenure is being attacked he said . under the guise of soft "retirement" phrases, Following is a praiseworthy reaction to the reports of the encomiums heaped upon tenure subject of teacher tenure as published in the for teachers at the convention of the N. Е. А. September, 1926, Official Bulletin of the Cin- last summer come as refreshing breezes on cinnati Teachers' Association : a sultry day. Teacher tenure is now a nation-wide subject of the Foremost educators voiced their approval most vital and abiding interest. It will be acted upon in of tenure at the Philadelphia convention as more than a score of State Legislatures this year. Many outstanding educators, have openly committed them- printed in the official Bulletin of the Cincin- selves as favorable to tenure. Interest in the matter is nati Teachers ' Association . further evidenced by the large number of articles that have been published concerning it within the past six Especially interesting is the reaction of the years . Indeed teacher tenure has become a social ques- N. E. A. convention in view of the fact that tion of colossal import . only five years ago—1920 in Utah-Professor A few of the main arguments for tenure are as fol- Driggs of the University of Utah, and Hugh lows : A practice of indefinite appointment protects Magill with the help of the Mormon U. S. teachers from political intrigue. It renders dismissal for Senator and the Mormon church were reor- petty, partisan, or personal reasons much more difficult. The movement for teacher tenure legislation is the re- ganizing the N. E. A. under suspension of the rules . sult of the invasion by the spoils system of the teaching profession. Systems of salary increases or retirement After the reorganization was effected and allowances are often rendered ineffective by the existing turnover in the teaching profession. And the tenure they had obtained all they wanted from the problem is closely allied with the matter of pensions, teachers, they showed their mailed fist and salaries, and the preparation of teachers. the member of the Resolutions Committee who One of the most spirited discussions on the floor of the presented the report, announced that the N. E. A. Convention last summer related to this impor- Resolutions Committee had refused to pre- tant question. No speech attracted more attention than sent a resolution recommending tenure for that of Miss Anna L. Peterson, Vice- President of our teachers because the majority of the Com- C. T. A. Her comments in part follow : mittee believed that the best safeguard for Why does every State need a tenure law ? To pro- teachers' tenure was efficiency. tect the efficient teacher from political intrigue and dis- missal for petty, personal, or party reasons and to pro- Even the Salt Lake City newspapers carried vide the machinery for the removal of the incompetent a "screamer" headline, “Superintendents and the time server . Steam Roller Teachers ." Ever since the World War, conservation has been the word of the hour, yet in only eleven (11 ) States of this The Chicago Teachers' Federation was Union have legal measures been taken to conserve the largely instrumental in obtaining for Chicago teacher power of the nation. teachers the protection of the tenure law and Salary increases alone are not sufficient to secure and it did it not without a struggle. hold capable teachers in our schools. In this twentieth century efficient, earnest young men and women of birth, How little understood were the efforts made breeding, and education will not be attracted to a calling before the Legislature on behalf of the tenure which receives scant recognition of its worth to the bill is best evidenced by the retort of an old community and offers no security of position. "Tarrier" with a Hibernian flavor to his ac- State pension laws are rendered ineffective by the an- cent who had found his place in the sun-and nual turnover in the teaching profession. in the Legislature and who was approached A transient teacher contributes less than one who re- by representatives of the Federation to give mains long enough to appreciate the needs of the com- his vote to the tenure bill . munity and to build his life into the life of that com- munity. "Give the teachers tin years. Sure I will . (Continued on next page) Polls Open From 6 A. M. to 4 P. M. 56 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25 , 1926 English As She Is Spoke ( With apologies to K. C. В. ) It was language period And the last little girl In the second grade, Was it, And we were playing And she thought of a flower A language game No one could guess To learn to use " I am not" For a good many guesses, Instead of " I aint." But finally, And one little boy One bright lad hit it, And so the game Thought of a flower And called on different ones to Was over, Guess what flower he was ; And we passed out for lunch, And when they said And Josephine, "Are you a daisy ?" A wee Polish maiden, He said, "No , I am not a daisy." Rushed up to me, And so on until All enthused with eyes dancing, The right flower was guessed. and said, And thus the game continued "Mary was a pansy, ain't it, Miss R. ?" For ten minutes, And not one And I ask you Ain't it awful ? Had said, "No, I ain't." And teacher had begun to feel -D . M. R. -Hammond Teachers ' Bulletin. Life was worth living after all , (Reprinted from Pittsburgh School Bulletin.) Teachers ' Tenure Pension Ballots Break (Continued from previous page) All Records Again, no teacher who serves in fear can train fear- less citizens for a democracy. "Rank imposes obliga- Two Trustees of Pension Board Elected tion." Teachers should be molders of public opinion. They should be free to make their contribution to civic The largest vote in pension history char- life. acterized the annual election for two members Teaching will never rank with the professions of law of the Board of Trustees of the Teachers' and medicine until teachers themselves enforce higher Pension Fund held Friday, October 8, 1926. standards of preparation and insist upon the elimination Although there was no contest, 9,381 bal- of the unfit. Efficient teachers must demand more gen- lots were cast. Miss Mary E. Dutton re- erous recognition of their service to the State. Granting tenure to well -trained teachers after a rea- ceived 9,075 votes and Miss Wilma Rhine- sonable period of probation-say two or three years- smith received 8,876 votes . is a just reward for faithful and efficient service, rather than a legal right. Tenure should not be accorded to FAITHLESS WOMAN all teachers . "Ah's been prayin' for bettah times," an- Enactment of such a law makes possible the elimina- nounced Jake. tion of the incompetent teacher. Moreover, it puts the burden of responsibility where it belongs-upon the " 'Twould be bettah ef yo' was to wo'k shoulders of superintendents and officers of adminstra- some, " advised his wife. tion. "Mandy ! " exclaimed Jake , reproachfully, Official Bulletin, Cincinnati Teachers' Association, September, 1926. "Is yo' back-slidin' ?" American Legion Weekly. Too True Teacher-"Why is it that lightning never Speaking of Syntax strikes twice in the same place ?" Teacher ( in English Class) : "Johnny, take Jimmy-"Because after it hits it onct, the this sentence : ' Lead the cow from the pasture.' place ain't there." What mood ? " -Pittsburgh School Bulletin. Johnny : "The cow, Miss Brown. " Be Sure to Vote November 2 October 25, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 57 Now Is the Time for All Brave Men and True to Come to the Aid of the Bulletin Bulletin Management Committee Asks for Your Subscriptions NOW The Steady Subscriber (Tune of the Old Oaken Bucket) In fact we all think it a help and a need." How dear to our heart is the steady subscriber, How welcome his check when it reaches our sanctum; Who pays in advance of the birth of the year, How it makes our heart throb ; how it makes our heart Who lays down the money and does it quite gladly, dance! And casts round the office a halo of cheer. We outwardly thank him; we inwardly bless him He never says, " Stop it ; I cannot afford it, The steady subscriber who pays in advance . I'm getting more magazines now than I read .” -Arizona Teacher and Home Journal But always says, “ Send it ; our people all like it— September, 1926. With this issue of Margaret Haley's Bulle- gestures whose temporary effect may blind tin, the Bulletin Management Committee the teachers to the real facts. The Bulletin makes an appeal to the teachers to pay their is a handbook which the teachers especially subscriptions for The Bulletin for 1926-27 . in the coming months cannot afford to be with- The response in previous years has been out. splendid and the teachers through their loyal If you receive it, and every teacher does, and support have made the Bulletin possible, as read it, you owe it two dollars, a price which its maintenance depends largely upon their hardly covers cost of paper and postage. If subscriptions. you have paid your two dollars, you are re- Publishing costs are high and returns from ceiving information which is priceless, and advertising relatively small. It is on the sub- which you can obtain nowhere else, at the rate scriptions which The Bulletin depends. of ten cents an issue. You owe it to yourself The Bulletin is not operated for profit. It to fulfill your obligation to the Bulletin. Will is not self-supporting. Since its establishment you please do it now ? it has been supported by the teachers . The Bulletin was established in April, Every teacher in Chicago receives it. It 1925, to take the place of printed information brings to them accurate, official information at a time when the Superintendent and the which enables them to understand the school then Board of Education threatened to take situation thoroughly. It makes a permanent from the teachers the right to receive this record of documents and transactions invalu- printed material in the schools. That prop- able in the present school crisis . osition is still pending. The Bulletin was At this time when school activities are being placed under the present management in or- curtailed, when the voice of the teachers in der to avoid the possibility of penalizing the their official councils has been silenced, when teachers for printing information not other- teachers' tenure is being attacked, teachers' wise accessible to them. pension being assailed and teachers' salaries The teachers should realize that the Bulle- threatened, it is of ultimate importance that tin is THEIRS. It is under the present man- the teachers be informed and be well informed agement only because conditions made any on the status of these questions in which they other course seem inadvisable. are so vitally interested. If you have paid-we thank you. The Bulletin is in a position to give the If you have not, will you please send your teachers this information as no other publica- two dollars now with the subscription blank tion is. Stenographic reports, official corre- printed in this issue. spondence and other records , making these You have never failed us. We are depend- transactions not a matter of guesswork or ing upon you now. hearsay, and not available elsewhere, are pub- Sincerely and gratefully, lished in The Bulletin. Bulletin Management Committee The Bulletin represents the teachers' inter- "Some don't get nothin' " from It ests. The manager and editor of The Bul- So when their whines begin, letin is the teachers' representative. The We often must remind them, that They don't put 'nuthin' in. Bulletin is a forceful weapon in forestalling -Pittsburgh School Journal. Polls Open From 6 A. M. to 4 P. M. 58 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25, 1926 Shoulders to the Wheel Speaking of Economy (From the Bloomington, Ill., Pantagraph) "Enclosed you will find a check for * * * It is needless for me to say that I enjoy every While the cry of economy in government is copy, also that I am glad to keep in touch going up all over the land, let us commend with the joys and sorrows of the Chicago all our fellow citizens to the fine example teachers, through its pages . I am pleased which the board of education at Joliet has set. to know the good work is still kept up though That body, like some other boards of educa- it does seem strange it is so difficult for the 'Powers that be' to learn a lesson from past tion which we might mention, has found it experiences. Wishing you and all the teach- necessary to cut expenses down to the last ers every success. I am, E. R. Mc." farthing, if the board should happen to get a farthing among its tax receipts. Its streak "Please find check for subscription to your of economy has been brought down even to Bulletin enclosed. The first issue of the year the methods of getting rid of the mice which is very illuminating and plainly shows why a infest the store rooms and offices of the school certain ' Lookout' had no vacation. The Bul- houses . letin fills a long felt want. I read every word of it with the keenest interest. God One of the members advised buying a cat speed the Bulletin and its doughty little edi- to catch the mice. Then somebody suggested tor. M. A. F. " that the janitor would have to return to the school house each night before going to bed, "Enclosed find check for my subscription to put the cat out. for the current year. You ought to charge Mouse traps were then suggested. But three dollars for the subscription. C. А. С." what sort of mouse traps ? Superintendent Perrin , a former Normal man, suggested that "We wish to thank you for the courtesy of an exchange of publications for the year the circular trap be used, where one bait in 1925-26 and hope it may be extended to the center of the trap will attract six different 1926-27. Your publication is most valuable mice entering the trap by six different circular to us because it reflects the educational ideals holes around the circumference of the trap. of your section of the country. * * * National Thus the maintenance cost of the mouse traps League of Teachers' Associations, Minneap- would be minimized, for one piece of cheese olis, Minn . " would catch six mice. What could be cheaper ? "Enclosed please find check for ten dollars The circular trap was bought, thus saving 50 for my subscription to the Bulletin, the rest cents per year on the cost of cheese for bait. a donation . The Bulletin must be continued In the words of the Scotchman "Monny a at all costs . If you need more, I hope it may mickle makes a muckle ." be my privilege to help .” —I . G. S. What Indeed SUBSCRIPTION to A grocer advertised for a boy to run errands. He desired a reliable boy for the work so de- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN cided to question the applicant. "What would Name . you do if you had a million dollars ?" "Oh Address . gee ! I dunno. I didn't know I would get that (Street and Number) much," was the radiant answer. City Subscription price $2.00 per year. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite Music Teacher : "What are pauses, Mary ? " 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 Little Mary : " They grow on cats." N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. -The Portland Grade Teachers' Ass'n Bulletin. Be Sure to Vote November 2 October 25, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 59 THE IDLE HOUR ENRICI'S is famous no less "The best of all ways to lengthen our H for the enduring and deep days friendships it has won than Is to steal a few hours from the night, for the quality of the foods my dear." -From an Old Irish Song . it serves and for the great volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- Senator Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., of Wiscon- day, before the matinee, it is the great sin, youngest United States Senator will dis- central meeting place. cuss "Vital Issues Before the Country," No- vember 7, so the Chicago Forum announces . The Forum's series of lectures will open Oc- tober 31 with a symposium " The Conflict Between State and Church in Mexico ." The HENRICI'S WM . M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT sessions throughout the winter will be Sun- day afternoons at 3:15 o'clock in the Erlanger Theater. 67 W. Randolph St. Between Dearborn and Clark Streets The annual business meeting of Chicago Division, Illinois State Teachers' Association will be held Saturday morning, October 30, at No orchestral din 9:30 o'clock in Fullerton Hall, Art Institute. Discussion of the proposed tax relief amend- ment to the state Constitution, election of Superfluous Hair Can positively be forever destroyed officers and delegates and consideration of re- Ihave been in businessfor many years-and I guarantee my work ports will feature the meeting to which admis- Martha B. Dowdy sion will be by membership card . Dearborn 5397 Mallers Bldg., 5 S. Wabash No Apprentices Not a Beauty School MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN TEACHERS !! My LetMeGive Personal You Attention MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher SUPERFLUOUS HAIR Removed by Multiple Electrolysis GUARANTEED PERMANENT AND SATISFACTORY MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten LOUISE B. EVERETT months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. Personal Service THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 17 N. State Street-Dearborn 5277 15 Cents. LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Now Is the Time to Select Your the order of Fur Coat MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at Phone Central 3904 STAEDTER'S 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. New Fall Styles Now on Display All the popular furs—in the newest MACLEAN COLLEGE ofand Music, Dramatic Speech Arts designs . Prices that please. "The Little College" for particular people. Vocal Art, Musical Comedy, Stage Craft Expression, Public Speaking, Dramatic Art. A perfectly equipped miniature theater for practical work Siegel&Barth INC. FUR MFRS. Excellent Instructors, Individual Attention, Convenient Location,Enter at Any Time, Promotional Credits for Teachers DR . J. C. MACLEAN M. CATHERINE LYONS Director Music Dept. Director Speech Arts Dept. 39 So. State St. Dear. 6023 and 3359 2835 S. Michigan Ave. Phone Victory 7514 CHICAGO Polls Open From 6 A. M. to 4 P. M. 60 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October 25, 1926 How would you like Your Felt or Straw Hats Plastic and Paintex Painting Have you used Paintex or Plastic Paint in dec- Reblocked orating fabrics ? These modern mediums, with the older art of Jesso, offer delightful means into up -to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- for your individual aesthetic expression. In our servative styles. Small or extremely large Handicraft Studio Miss Sheeley gives free in- headsizes . We have them. We are manu- struction and is now ready to hold classes daily facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- from nine to five. We shall be glad to have you come in and see work done with these materials . ing Department has access to the best shapes. A trial will convince you of our efficient service . Artist Materials and Picture Frames Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. Favor, Ruhl & Co. Home of the Artist 425 S. Wabash Avenue Second Floor 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. John J. Moran, Pres . Frank X. Glasen , Vice-Pres . PHONE STATE 4177 REDUCING MASSAGE Mrs. Henry J. Piggott, Secy. MISS ELIN GUSTAVSON'S John J. Moran Incorporated Massage and Exercise Studio FASHIONABLE FURS Corrective Gymnastics for Developing and Reducing STORAGE- REMODELING-REPAIRING For Ladies Only Room 803 Garland Bldg . , 58 E. Washington St. , Chicago, Room 1314 Venetian Building 15 East Washington Street Office Phone: Dearborn 4777 DISTINCTIVE PERMANENT FLOWERS FOR ALL OCCASIONS WAVING SpecialAppointment Time Set Aside for Teachers Anne Heathcote Studio 608 Republic Building-209 South State Street Streiff&Dagobert Telephone Harrison 9060 Expert Designer of Floral Art Nevada 0217 3211 W. Madison St. FRANCES Specializes in Cutting Curly Hair M. H. DAGOBERT, Mgr . For Bigger, Better Business, Buy Space in MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN ALL the Teachers Get It 127 N. Dearborn Central 3904 SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS B EADED BAGS ILLINERY SUPPLIES IGURE MOLDS CORSET Including FREE designing service of cut- Repaired , Relined and Duplicated Enter the new "Dream " Detachable Top Figure Mold. Siik Bags Made to Order DE LUXE BAG SHOP 711 Venetian Bldg. 15 E. Washington St. F Clean and Dainty for Summer. 10% Discount to Teachers. Mrs. L. MacPHERSON 517 Venetian Bldg. 15 E. Washington St. M ting, fitting and pinning materials selected. Saves 50% on hats. 10% disc. to teachers. MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. HH R ATS ORSETS EDUCING GARMENTS New Styles Gossard Corsets Bridge Corsets and CO Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison Popular Prices KORA FOWLER 30 N. Michigan Surgical Supports BERTHA BRIDGE 926 Marshall Field Annex Central 6328 NEWEST STYLES Make Your Own PENCER CORSETS URS ALL FURS ATS SAVE HALF FU REMODELING , CLEANING REPAIRING FANCHON L. TROEGER , Inc. 4th floor Republic Bldg., State at Adams,Wab. 5555 Our free designing, cutting and pinuing service makes it possible. 10% discountto teachers MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. S We create a design especially for you. 1308 Venetian Bldg. 15 E. Washington St. ECRETARIAL TRAINING OR SPACE RATES Day and evening classes, individual For these Snappy Little Ads F MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Apply Phone Central 3904 S and small group instruction. Chicago Secretarial School Formerly Chicago School of Typing 21 E. Van Buren St. Har. 6450 Be Sure to Vote November 2 No 23′26 NO . IV MargaretHaley's 4 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . November 16, 1926 November At morn : The meadow and the fields a-gem with frost, The east a yellow flag with scarlet crossed, The sky a crown with fainting stars embossed And air that makes the very heart new born- At morn ! At noon : The meadow and the fields a greenish dun, The sky a turquoise sea around the sun, The breeze ajar with perfumes overrun , And air that seems like springtime come too soon- At noon ! Atnight: The meadow and the fields adrift in mist, The woods a rattling throng where wild things list, The sky a star-flecked arch by moonbeams kissed, And air that warns of Frost King's icy bite- Atnight! JACK LOWELL. The Bulletin of The Classroom Teachers' Association, Minneapolis , Minn., November, 1926. 00 62 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 Exclusive but notExpensive A Discount of Now is the time to shop for MurrayBlackCo.10% 21 N. Wabash Ave. Allowed to School Teachers Ground Floor CHRISTMAS Between Madison and Washington CHICAGO'S Murray- GREATEST Black Furs Are You can come to this "Store of Gifts" in utmost confidence of find- FUR Guaranteed ing just what you want, no matter how small or large, and at the price SALE MUSKRAT COATS-Silver and dark Skins trimmed with Fox collars . Full you wish to pay. length. Special . $225 HUDSON SEAL - Luxurious full length models . Skunk (Marten) , Squirrel, Kolinsky and $275 mink trimmed. Special ...... 237 CARACUL COATS - In the new A Small shades of Chestnut Brown and gray, trimmed with Fox collar and cuffs. Deposit Full length. Holds Your 0168 Special at.... $150 Choice JAP MINK - Beautifully trimmed with Fox collars . 14- K White Gold, 15-Jewel Movement, For only. $395 RACCOON COATS for the college Engraved Case, $20.00 girl. Flapper and Tomboy Raccoon coats. Made to sell for $450. 42 Other Bracelet Watches from $10.50 to $500 inches long . Dark + skins . Special at..... $235 Buy with Confidence MARMINK COATS Beautifully Murray - Black Co. finished, smart Mink appearance. guarantees every gar- Impressive examples of workman- ment to give utmost Make this your buying headquarters ship. Specially priced satisfaction. Reliable for Jewelry, Diamonds, Watches and Sil- this sale... $ 175 skins, highest grade of workmanship. See verware-always the most acceptable and them and be con- Other Values Just As Great vinced. substantial of all gifts . You will be served by thoroughly com- petent people to assist you in your selec- tions. Besides this personal attention, you will be assured of guaranteed quality mer- ATTENTION chandise at a very substantial saving on the purchase price. This Bulletin Is to Remind Mem- We invite you to call just as early as you can. Merchandise selected bers of the Chicago Teachers Federa- now will be held until Christmas if tion of the Purchase Privilege with you desire. the Wholesale Jewelry House of MAY & MALONE . SHOP EARLY Gift Shop Novelties from Foreign Federation Cards Must Be Shown in Countries Order to Make Purchases . HARRY J. BABY COMPANY Do Your Christmas Shopping Early. Wholesale Jewelry 703 HEYWORTH BLDG. 29 E. Madison St., Corner of Wabash Ave. Telephone Randolph 0218-0219 Jewelry Division Heavy Goods Division 29 E. Madison St. 37 S. Wabash Ave. CHICAGO 18th Floor 4th Floor Platinum and Diamond Watches and Gold Sporting Goods Division Jewelry, Jewelry Remod- Jewelry, Stationery and eled in Platinum, Stock Engraving, Silverware, 37 S. Wabash Ave., 6th Floor Mountings in Platinum Watch and Jewelry Re- and White Gold. pairing. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL. 4. No. 4 November 16, 1926 Page 63 Miss Baird, Teachers' Representative, Tells of Trip Abroad Discusses Jefferson Memorial Tour to Old World (From Stenographic Report of Meeting of Chicago Teachers' Federation , October 16, 1926, Capitol Building) Miss Baird: From the National Educa- with these people. They were expecting me . tional Association at Philadelphia I went They were considerate of me, because I rep- down to Monticello, partly because I thought resented several thousand teachers and the I could not very well start on this mission Foundation appreciated the fact that teachers unless I had been to Monticello. I was glad hold a strategic point with regard to develop- afterwards that the thing presented itself to ing interest in a matter like this, buying the me in that way because several of the men home at Monticello, bringing up again all the that we met in Europe were very much inter- Jeffersonian traditions and the interest in him ested in this Jefferson movement and they and the study of his life and the doctrines were very much interested in Monticello. that he promulgated and so forth. They wanted to know all about the building , There was a memorial march the next day the house and so forth, and I was glad I from the eastern portico of Monticello itself had first hand information about it. to the tomb, and I was given the wreath that A letter was sent by Secretary Kellogg to was sent by their Educational Department, the different consulates in Europe, telling to lay upon the tomb because I represented them that we were coming and asking them the teachers here in Chicago . to do what they could for us. Very often we Miss Walker of Pittsburgh was the leader were met by the American Consul and some- times Vice-consuls with him and sometimes of the party. She is the President of the other officials also met us. Sometimes they Pittsburgh Teachers' Association, and in Pitts- did not meet us at the train but called on us burgh, I understand, the superintendent was very promptly. Occasionally they called on the most active supporter of the Monticello movement. The foundation felt that Dr. Da- us before we really arrived . That made com- plications, if we wanted to accept the invita- vidson had done a great deal for the move- tions which they made for us because our time ment, and Miss Walker was a splendid woman was short and most of the people in the group to have as the leader of the group . were so interested in sight-seeing that they When the foundation began this movement began to be a little unwilling to give up the in regard to Monticello they found that the time to formal receptions which had little in- literature they had was unsatisfactory. The terest in them except the formality and meet- things they might wish to have read were per- ing the people who were there . haps hidden in large heavy books and so un- I arrived in Monticello on Saturday night, available. For this reason they began a series July 3rd, and the special national exercises of Monticello papers. One of them contained were for Sunday, July 4th. There were there, the important things that Jefferson said about of course, descendants from all the famous the matter of education. It has a picture of old colonial families. There is a beautiful Jefferson inserted, a beautiful copy of this new hotel at Charlottesville near Monticello. painting of him dressed in sable coat which Probably it was built because of the fact that was a gift from Kosciusko. I have postcards so many people are now going down there to also that show the interior of the house as visit. well as the exterior . The Hotel Monticello, of course, was filled (Continued on Page 70) Buy from the Advertisers and- 64 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 From the Masthead by The Lookout What Price Harmony! To the Teachers of Chicago: A statement made recently by a member of September 24th. He said he was in the Union the Union League Club throws light on the League Club a few days before, sitting among origin of the so-called Emeritus Service Rule a group of members of the Club who had as- adopted by the Board of Education on Decem- sembled informally and he heard one of the ber 9, 1925, and now being tested in the courts members of the Club make substantially the in two cases referred to elsewhere in this issue following statement : of the Bulletin. That about a year ago the Board of Educa- The statement was repeated to the writer tion had refused to reelect Wm. H. Campbell, of this report on the 24th day of last Sep- the member of the Board of Examiners rec- tember, two days after the hearing in the Arm- ommended by the Superintendent of Schools, strong case against this Rule had closed and and the Board had directed the Superinten- the decision had been rendered by Judge dent to make another recommendation, which Friend sustaining the legality of the Rule. The the Superintendent had declined to do; that alleged facts in the statement of the Union members of the Union League Club, acting on League Club member were not brought be- behalf of a committee of the Club, tendered fore the court. the good offices of the Committee to members If confirmed by the Supreme Court the de- of the Board of Education and to the Super- cision of Judge Friend may practically nullify intendent of Schools to settle the dispute; that the Teachers' Tenure Law. the offer was accepted by both parties ; that Many teachers question the origin of this the Emeritus Service Rule was then drafted so-called Emeritus Service Rule. They be- and submitted to the Superintendent and lieve that it "was conceived in sin and born in Board members and was accepted by both as iniquity" and adopted by a preeminently re- a compromise measure which would provide a spectable Board of Education in order to pre- means of honorable retirement for Mr. Camp- serve the much mooted, much tooted harmony bell and thus avert the clash between the between the Board and the Superintendent at Board and the Superintendent which the a time when the Peace-at-Any-Price Program, maker of the statement and other members to which the Board seems irrevocably com- of the Club believed would result in the Su- mitted, was seriously threatened. This state- perintendent resigning or being ousted by the ment from the Union League Club Member Board; that members of the Union League will confirm that belief . Club had caused this Emeritus Service Rule to Here is the statement substantially as told be drafted and had made this effort to secure the writer by a distinguished member of the its adoption by the Board of Education in or- Chicago Bar who happened to meet the writer der that Chicago might not lose the Superin- on the street about six weeks ago, that is, on tendent and in order that the Board and the Buy from the Advertisers and- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 65 November 16, 1926 Superintendent might continue to work har- The other way is by a trial on charges as pro- moniously. vided in the tenure law. Mr. Righeimer ar- The member of the Chicago Bar who related gued that teachers retired under the rules this story to the writer said he watched the of the Board governing efficiency and conduct faces of the listeners, particularly the lawyers have not the right of trial or charges or hear- ing before such retirement. present, as their fellow club member made this astounding statement ; and as he watched Adopting this view of Mr. Righeimer, the he wondered how many of these men realized Court held that the Board had the right to that the enactment of a rule or ordinance or make the Emeritus Service Rule, the court holding that that Rule is a rule governing ef- law by a public body, under the circumstances, ficiency . The teachers and principals present and with the motives, and for the considera- at that meeting at the City Club know at what tion which this Union League Club member said were present in the enactment of this price harmony between the Superintendent and the Board was purchased. They know, Emeritus Service Rule, placed such an en- too, who will pay the price. actment on the same footing, under the law, as rules, ordinances and laws secured by brib- There must be some very powerful and far ery or any other unlawful consideration. He reaching interest at stake, other than the wel- said that he had no doubt that a court would fare of the children of Chicago , when such a declare a rule so framed and enacted illegal, proceeding as that related in the Union League null and void, if the facts as stated by that Club is possible . member of the Union League Club were made It may be too late to bring the story told in known to the Court in a hearing on such Rule. the Union League Club to the attention of the He said there were many court decisions in courts. If so, there should be some other tri- cases in which enactments were held by the bunal which might take official if not judicial Courts to be illegal, null and void because of cognizance of it. However, there is only one motives and considerations used in securing thing for Chicago teachers to do in this predic- such enactments, which motives and consider- ament. That is, to go down in their pockets ations fell into the same category as the mo- and dig up the money, and do it now, to take tives and considerations that were said to in- this case to the Supreme Court. The lawyers fluence the framing and enactment of this are now hard at work on the briefs which Emeritus Service Rule. He discussed the they hope to file next week in order to get the statement of the Union League Club Member case up for consideration in the December at length and in detail and also the manner term of the Supreme Court. in which the story was told and received. He If the Supreme Court decision is unfavor- seemed very much impressed with the seri- able to the teachers, it is of the utmost im- ousness of the situation and its outcome. He portance to get an early decision in time to seemed to have no doubt at all what a court amend the tenure law at the coming session would do under the circumstances, if the facts of the Legislature so that the teachers may alleged were brought to the attention of the not be left without protection from arbitrary court and established . dismissal until the 1929 session of the legis- The writer of this report told this story of lature. the origin of the Emeritus Service Rule to the The Chicago Teachers' Tenure Law was en- Emeritus Service Principals and teachers and acted by the 1917 Legislature to stop arbi- their friends at a dinner at the City Club re- trary and peremptory dismissal of Chicago cently. They had come to hear Mr. Arm- teachers after the Chicago Board of Educa- strong and others explain the effect of Judge tion had let out 68 teachers arbitrarily, and Friend's decision on the tenure of the teachers peremptorily without trial, without charges still active in the service as well as on their and without a moment's notice . There should own status. Mr. Armstrong and other speak- be no period, not even for a month, in which ers explained how the attorney for the Board such a tragedy could be again enacted in of Education, Mr. Righeimer, argued that un- Chicago. der the tenure law, the Board of Education may retire teachers from the service in two ways . One way is by making rules governing conduct and efficiency and retiring teachers under those rules without trial or charges . Morgen G. Haly Tell Them You Are a Bulletin Reader 66 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 " Life Is Not Measured by Years, But by Deeds" (Dedicated to the Emeritus Service Teachers by the Bulletin) HOW OLD ARE YOU ? Life is not measured by years, but by deeds . The things that age men, and make hair white, Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind, a and the skin wrinkled are worry, doubt, fear, des- temper of will, the quality of imagination, a vigor pair, lost hope, and the inability to smile. These of emotions, the freshness and sweetness of life . bow the back, and make one aware of the creeping things we call years. Some never grow old as we count years, for cour- If you can keep alive in your heart the spirit of age and adventure, enthusiasm and cheerfulness, the cheerfulness, the love of the wonderful, the sweet spirit of hopefulness and the lure of wonder, keep amazement of happy thoughts, the challenge of ser- life young and fresh and vigorous. vice, the lure of tomorrow and the joy of today, you You do not grow old by living through the years . will never grow old. Life will be young and fresh, You grow old and wrinkled by losing your ideals, sweet and winsome; sunshine will play around your giving up hope, and looking through darkened feet and rainbows will circle your horizon. Dr. Robert H. McCaslin . glasses. Pittsburgh School Bulletin, June, 1926. Apropos of the stand taken by the Board Arguments were concerned largely with the of Education, that of removing from class interpretation of the tenure law, particularly room service teachers who have profited by that part of it which provides that (after the years of experience and who are mentally, probationary period) " appointments of teach- physically and inspirationally well fitted to ers and principals shall become permanent, give of themselves to the children placed in subject to the rules of the Board concerning their care, is the following excerpt from the conduct and efficiency and subject to removal Public Ledger, reprinted in "Public Service" for cause in the manner provided by Section for September 14, 1926, a publication issued 161." by the Institute for Public Service, 150 W. Following are excerpts from the steno- 55th St., New York : graphic report of the hearing : "Who's old and When ? Izaak Walton wrote the Mr. Righeimer : fisherman's bible at 90; Peter the Great was old when This Emeritus Rule requires these people to make cer- he made Russia great; Hugo wrote five books between tain reports and to perform certain duties and also 75 and 80; Irving wrote his ' Life of Washington' at 80; * * * makes them subject to call for teaching service. Goethe finished Faust at 80; Confucius was over 70 when In other words it is not a pensioning, but there are some he formulated his message; Columbus was over 60 when duties to be performed in connection with acquiring this he discovered America. The "getting- old" or "they- salary. In other words, I don't want the information think- me- old" complex is costly to education. to go out that it is a retirement on a pension-it is a Judge Torrison, sitting in the case of removal to another branch of the service. Samuel Leland vs. the Board of Education , * * * in regard to the Emeritus Rule, decided at the Mr. Abram : hearing October 4, 1926, that the Board of I cannot see how it is possible * * * to say that the Education had the power to establish the Board of Education may arbitrarily pass a rule which Emeritus Rule and therefore, Mr. Leland's declares a certain thing, or a certain state, a certain ob- petition was denied. An appeal to the Su- ject of itself to constitute inefficiency work his discharge. * in a teacher and * * The Board of Education preme Court was asked and allowed. may pass certain rules, and, if the teacher violates those Mr. Leland was one of 74 persons placed on rules upon a hearing in accordance with the statute that Emeritus Service, February 1, 1926, and had violation by the teacher will be proper evidence against filed a petition for reinstatement in his posi- him for a determination of the question of his efficiency or his misconduct. But the Board of Education cannot tion at McKinley high school . F. E. Bright- declare and say what shall be evidence against a teacher, man and M. E. Abram appeared for Mr. and conclusive evidence, so as to work an absolute dis- Leland ; Mr. Righeimer and Mr. Condee for charge without a hearing, as this Emeritus Service Rule the Board of Education . has done . Buy from the Advertisers and- November 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 67 It (the Emeritus Service Rule) is unlawful because ment" of teachers, and it was not until after there is no authority in the Board of Education to pass suit was started that the word “transferred" such a rule. It is unlawful because it is a direct viola- was substituted ; tion of a statutory prohibition. It is unlawful because it is ambiguous and uncertain and calls for the expendi- That if the Board has the right to remove ture of public moneys without any provision for it in * teachers at the age of 70 years to a classifica- * * the statute. It deprives the complainant of his tion paying one-half the teacher's former sal- salary, that is, it is a substantial reduction of salary. * * * ary, the Board would also have the right to Mr. Righeimer : fix the salary at one dollar. Mr. Righeimer argued that the Board has They (the Board of Education) have the right to pass general rules. They in their wisdom have determined power to inaugurate a new class of service and that efficiency begins to be impaired at the age of seventy to make changes in the personnel to increase years. * the efficiency of the schools . * * Judge Friend ruled that the Board has Mr. Abram : power to provide for the transfer or retire- The language of the rule is that there is hereby created ment of teachers at a certain age and that it another branch of the service called the emeritus service has not yet had sufficient opportunity to per- branch, and I still cannot understand how that is called fect that rule. He therefore dismissed the a rule of conduct and efficiency. bill . The Teachers' case will be taken to the Hearing on the Emeritus Service case of Supreme Court. James E. Armstrong, Chester C. Dodge and Mary R. Hecox vs. the City of Chicago et al, On recommendation of the Superintendent, came before Judge Hugo Friend September the following persons were placed on the 22, 1926. Emeritus Service list at the July meeting of The teachers were represented by Mr. Ed- the Board of Education : ward F. Dunne, former governor ; Mr. Wil- Ida I. Armstrong, Emma K. Blanks , Emma liam J. Corboy and Mr. I. T. Greenacre . Mr. F. Booth, Mary M. Boyce, Mary E. Burke, Frank S. Righeimer, and Mr. Ralph W. Con- Mary E. Danforth, Lillie F. Krigger, Esther dee appeared for the Board of Education. Morgan, Leonora Morton, Anna Murphy, Mr. Armstrong testified that he had not Mary K. Patterson, Ella Rumbaugh, Char- been called upon to perform any services, lotte G. Schram, Mildred M. Sheffer, Malvina since his removal to the Emeritus list, but Springe, Fanny Stapleton, Martha Ann Tup- that he had done some legislative work. per and Anna M. Murphy. Miss Hecox testified that it took her about Those retired from active service and paid 15 minutes to prepare the report which she $1,500 annually under the Pension Law signed submitted to the superintendent as her assign- by Governor Small last Spring are : ment of work since being retired on the Emer- Louis J. Block, Susan E. C. Clark, George itus list. Mrs. Camfield, also on the list, said Clayberg, Charles A. Cook, William C. Dodge, that she spent five or six minutes each month Mary E. Farson, Elizabeth E. Fiske, Mary J. preparing her report. Jones, Cephas H. Leach, Emma March, John Judge Dunne and Mr. Greenacre argued : That under the tenure section of the school W. May, Winfield S. McKinney, Levi T. Regan, John H. Stehman, Alice Sturtevant, Mary E. law, no teacher may be removed except for Thresher, John W. Troeger, Alpha Stuart, cause, and then only after written charges Mary A. Noonan and Harriet E. Rose. have been presented by the Superintendent and heard by the Board ; That no charges against those persons MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN placed in Emeritus Service had ever been MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher presented or heard ; That the passing of the Emeritus Service MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten Rule by the Board of Education was unconsti- months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. tutional, since the Bill of Rights provides that THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 15 Cents. no law impairing the validity of contract can LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. be passed by the Legislature ; if it cannot be ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to passed by the Legislature, it certainly cannot the order of be passed by the Board of Education ; MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American That the Rule, as first presented to the Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Phone Central 3904 Board of Education, provided for the " retire- Tell Them You Are a Bulletin Reader 68 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 Public Officials Servants of People, Says Parents ' League Questions Stand of News When a newspaper lends its columns to such The Bulletin, in this instance, is glad to be un-American utterances as those printed be- the mouthpiece through which justly indig- nant citizens may express their opinions of low, the public has a right to demand and the such policies as that appearing under the sig- Chicago Teachers' Federation does hereby de- nature of Mr. Totten and purporting to come mand to know who the official is who is quoted from someone (name not published) to be in in the article published below . authority in the schools . Veiled in secrecy, the identity of the author The Bulletin has never had a pink-tea pol- of the taxation-without-representation inter- icy and is not averse to having a Boston tea view leaves the public to shoot at a target party policy when the facts justify it. It which it cannot see. hereby invites the parents of children and The inference to be gleaned from the ar- those truly interested in their welfare to use ticle is that it is the privilege of the citizens to its columns as has the Northwest Side Par- pay the bills but not within their province to ents' League, in the article printed below in inquire into the way in which the money is response to the story by Mr. Totten appear- spent nor into the formation of the educa- ing in the Chicago Daily News, Sept. 29, 1926, tional policies which direct their children. and also reprinted below : RULE BY THE MOB THREAT TO SCHOOLS PARENTS ' LEAGUE TAKES ISSUE It's Getting So Every Order of the Board Is Objects to Taxation-Without-Representation Opposed by a Noisy Group Article Printed in News By Harold O. Totten By N. W. Side Parents' League Is discipline in the Chicago public schools to be broken To the Editor down in favor of mob rule by mass meetings and pro- Sir: tests ? Is the fundamental purpose of good education to Kindly permit us to use the columns of your esteemed be lost sight of in the turmoil stirred up by a noisy few ? paper to take issue with an article published in the Daily These questions to the casual reader may seem an News of September 29th. The article was written by exaggeration of the trend that some groups are taking Mr. Harold Totten and was evidently inspired by the to satisfy their likes and dislikes. Board of Education. Two questions are raised in this But when this representative of The Daily News, feel- article. ing much the same way, made a casual visit to the vari- First : The right of parents, teachers and citizens in ous offices of the board of education he found that more general to take up with the Board of Education for dis- than one of the high officials are pondering these matters . cussion rules and orders issued by the Board. ONE OFFICIAL'S OPINION Second: The merits of the issues raised by parents, Here is what one of them said: teachers , and citizens in general with the Board. "To a lot of people the educational situation in Chicago As to the first point we wish to remark that it is a is more quiet than usual. It should be, and we all want fundamental principle of democracy that public officials it so. But there is a new trend that is causing serious are the servants of the people. Mr. Totten's article, questions to be asked. however, is based on an opposite theory. The spirit of "The point is this-when the educational department his article breeds the theory that elected or appointed of the board of education or the board itself sends officials are not the servants but the masters of the pub- out an order, a nucleus of pupils or parents band them- lic. Only thus is it possible that the article could con- selves together, decide that the rule or order is obnox- sider as preposterous the idea that the people should ious to them, and proceed to move heaven and earth to dare to take issue with orders and rules of the Board have it rescinded. of Education. Because people make use of their con- "Now, we want every one to be satisfied. But aren't stitutionally guaranteed right of petition Mr. Totten and these people losing sight of the fundamental purpose of the official of the Board of Education he quotes dub giving the children the very best that we can in the these people as a mob and declare that most of them way of education ? An alarming number of times lately are mere numbskulls who are made to think that they we find the board listening to these complaints, and want what they are asking for. Mr. Totten and his against the better judgment of educators, often against official may have such a low opinion of the intelligence dire necessity, they revert to old conditions . of the citizens and he may love autocracy more than STARTED WITH JUNIOR HIGHS democracy. But he is still in America where democracy "This way of things seems to date back to the start is the rule and where contemptuous sneers at the abilities (Continued on Page 78) (Continued on page 77) Buy from the Advertisers and- November 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 69 Teachers ' Federation Endorses Position of Teachers' Pension Board Asks Hands Off Teachers' Pension At its meeting Saturday, November 13, the January 1, 1896. Administration was vested in the Board Chicago Teachers' Federation endorsed the of Education (which then consisted of 21 members ), the Superintendent of Schools and two members of the position taken by the Chicago Teachers' Pen- teaching force. The Board of Education retained con- sion Board as shown in the report of the Com- trol until 1907 when the law gave the control to the mittee on Pension Law and Rules adopted by contributors . Up to 1907 the financial situation of the the Pension Board at its meeting October 22 Fund became steadily worse. Since the teachers took and transmitted to the Commission October control it has steadily improved. Neither the Pension Board nor the teachers claim that 28, 1926. the law is perfect. In the past, experience has shown Following is the report of the Committee on the wisdom of modification from time to time, and the Pension and Rules , approved by the Chicago future will probably show cause for further changes . Teachers' Pension Board, and also the letter If it is a live plan, adapted to the needs of living people addressed to the Pension Commission : it must develop with the passing years. But while the Pension Board and the teachers are October 28, 1926. willing and anxious to develop and modify the pension The Pension Commission of the plan as conditions change, they feel that to discard this City of Chicago. plan which has steadily improved and as it has grown Gentlemen : has become better and better adapted to the needs of The Chicago Teachers' Pension Board at its meeting our Chicago teachers and to replace it by a plan based of October 22, 1926, considered the recommendations on an entirely different principle would be unwise, haz- concerning the Chicago pension situation submitted to ardous and foolish in the extreme. the Pension Commission of Chicago by the actuary and The teachers as a group are women whose dependents secretary of the Commission and instructed the Record- have become self- supporting by the time the teachers ing Secretary to submit to the Pension Commission the need pension relief for themselves . The other groups enclosed report of the Committee on Pension Law and are largely composed of men who at retirement have, Rules, which report was approved and adopted by the and may soon leave others dependent upon them. This Pension Board. Respectfully, fundamental difference makes a flat amount pure pen- Signed-MARY M. ABBE , sion for the teacher alone most beneficial to both public Recording Secretary. and teacher; and also explains why other groups of employes may favor an insurance annuity graduated ac- REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PENSION LAW AND RULES APPROVED BY THE cording to former standard of living and in favor of annuitant and his dependents . CHICAGO TEACHERS ' PENSION BOARD The teachers of Chicago prefer a pension plan which OCTOBER 22, 1926 The Committee on Pension Law and Rules of the permits retirement before the last drop of vitality has been drained from them. They prefer the more moder- Public School Teachers' Pension and Retirement Fund ate deductions and the moderate pension to the higher has considered the recommendations made to the Pen- rate of deductions and the pro rata pensions . They have sion Commission of Chicago by its actuary and its secre- repeatedly, by their votes on referendum, in convention tary which recommendations have been submitted to and in endorsement of members of the Pension Board, the Chicago Teachers' Pension Board for criticism and expressed their approval of the existing pension law. suggestion, and recommends the following answer to the Commission: This was shown again at the election of October 8, 1926, when 9,381 ballots were cast although there was no con- 1. The Teachers' Pension Board is opposed to any test. One candidate received 9,075 votes and the other fundamental change in the Teachers' Pension Law. received 8,876 votes . MARY M. ABBE, The teachers do not try to impose their pension plan October 28, 1926. Recording Secretary. on other groups of employes; they do not desire any other plan imposed on them. 2. Since the recommendations made by the actuary SUBSCRIPTION to and the secretary of the Pension Commission are based on a plan fundamentally different from the teachers' law, criticism of these individual recommendations would MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN be of no value. Name . 3. The Teachers' Pension Board believes that the Address contributors to the teachers' fund will oppose any at- (Street and Number) tempt to change the control of their Fund. * * * City In support and elucidation of this answer the Com- Subscription price $2.00 per year. mittee presents the following statement : MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite The Chicago Teachers' Pension Fund was created by 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 an act of the Legislature in 1895, and became effective N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. Tell Them You Are a Bulletin Reader 70 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16 , 1926 Miss Baird's Trip Abroad Monticello to mention the other celebrated old (Continued from Page 63) house which we visited. This was Sulgrave Manor. That was practically the last thing I think it is natural to compare Monticello we did. We drove out from London to Leam- with Mount Vernon. Mount Vernon, of ington. We visited Kenilworth, and one or course, is exquisitely kept up. It could not two other places that day, and the next morn- be more beautiful in that way, but the house ing went on to Sulgrave Manor, where Mr. at Monticello is much more stately and im- Houghton, the American Ambassador was to pressive than the house at Mount Vernon and meet us . much larger. It is built in Italian style with At Sulgrave Manor a portico in front. There are wings which run back that contained slave quarters and so This is a small English farmhouse, orig- forth. They now have lovely little book shops inally a monastic building. It is very beau- and rest rooms there. The estate is about 650 tifully kept by Sulgrave Institute now. acres . We saw there, when we went up, a dis- When Jefferson's home was burned down tinguished looking man, of middle age. He looked as if he was a man of affairs and we unexpectedly he built this place which he had found that this was Lord Lee who was chair- planned, at the top of this hill. For that reason he gave it the name Monticello or Lit- man of the Institute . His wife is an Amer- tle Mountain. He had the top of this hill ican and belongs to the Colonial Dames . I lowered about 30 feet and he put the build- think the Colonial Dames have done the most ing there where it has a beautiful view of the in buying this old home and restoring it. surrounding country. When we arrived Lord Lee said that Mr. Houghton was waiting for us at the rose gar- Jefferson was a very versatile man. He was den . We went into it and found it to be one quite a musician, I understand, and had a of the most lovely things that one could im- considerable knowledge of architecture, and agine. Mr. Houghton was visiting in Scot- that is shown in this building, which is looked land but he took three days to come down and upon as a very good example of colonial archi- meet us there. He chatted with us informally tecture. They have finished the roads around and that was the end of it. this hill up to the house itself and it is really We went through the house. It was very a lovely place for any one to go to visit. It interesting now that they have restored it. is just a few miles from Charlottesville, where We admired it very much, especially the old the university of Virginia which Jefferson founded is located . fireplace with its inglenook and its niche for the tender-box. We went upstairs to the old I believe the teachers of Chicago may wish bed chamber which had a very high roof, to go further now with the movement for showing its original use as the chapel of the Monticello because the money has not entirely monastic building to which it belonged. been collected to pay the original price for the After we had gone through and seen all home. It was hoped that this could be done the things they have collected and which be- last July 4, but the money was not raised. longed to the original home, we had lunch After it is paid for it has to be endowed, and at a little place called the Manor Tea Room then besides that, though there are many in- which we enjoyed very much. teresting things that belonged to Jefferson This has been taking the end first. On the there, much Jefferson furniture has to be 24th of July we met in New York at the Ho- collected and re-installed there . The founda- tel Roosevelt. The greatest disappointment tion have received notice of different pieces. of the whole arrangement had already hap- Of course, the authenticity of these will be pened. The America on which passage had proved before there is any attempt made to been taken, both coming and going, had been buy them and restore them to their places at burned and the Foundation had great diffi- Monticello . culty at that time of the year in getting ac- The day that I was there the Mount Vernon commodations for us at all . The boat we were Association presented a chest of drawers to go on was the Caroma which sailed at mid- which had belonged to Jefferson originally. night. We were terribly disappointed when I don't know whether there is any possibility we went down to get on board. There was of returning the library. This was sold to a frightful crowd, people who were seeing Congress for a very small amount. their friends and relatives off and it was very Perhaps it is well just now when I speak of noisy and crowded. Afterwards we found Buy from the Advertisers and- November 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 71 that we were not so uncomfortable, as we cial depression in France. He said that had feared. Our accommodations were fairly France had borrowed much money for re- good. It was much worse coming back, but construction depending upon German repara- I do not feel at all that the Foundation was tions which had not been paid. That did ex- to blame for that. plain one thing that had surprised me. I Landing at Havre was in Rheims last summer and in Rheims We landed at Havre the morning of Au- this year again. In spite of the fact that only gust 1st and went down in a few hours to a few houses had been left, it did not show Paris. We stayed at the Hotel Commodore. much effect of the bombardment. I think Some people would have preferred to stay there were only about sixty that were left then at a hotel where there was a French atmos- and I think there were only about twelve or so phere. This is an American Hotel at which this year. I think these figures are right. The the guests are entirely American, but the city is practically restored. That was a great Commodore is in a very convenient location surprise to me but what he said explained it. and is a modern well managed hotel . They evidently borrowed largely to make the We found that the first arrangement that reconstruction as rapid as possible . had been made for us was to visit the tomb Speaking of Rheims of Lafayette that afternoon and lay palms Of course, speaking of Rheims, I might go upon the tomb. It is in a little old cemetery on now through that day's trip, because that called the Picpus. I don't think anyone goes was the day when we went through the bat- there except upon invitation from the head tlefields. Last summer we went by train from of this family of Lafayette who is the Marquis Rheims to Chateau Thierry. This year we de Dampierre. He met us there. He is the drove from Rheims and went through Berry- ideal which one has of a noble who has re- au- Bac which shows more of the effects of tained the spirit of noblessee oblige. He was the war than any other place which I have very correctly dressed and wore around his seen . On a hill there the soil has been taken neck a black velvet ribbon with a gold cross. off so completely that I suppose it would be I don't know what the insignia was. He was generations before the land could ever again very glad to welcome us there. We were told be used for agricultural purposes. I noticed we were the first American delegation that one enormous place where a shell had fallen had been received there since General Persh- and they said 3,000 people were killed at ing had visited it on that historic occasion once by the bursting of a single German shell. that we all remember. That also had been There were places around there where the on August 1. people lived in queer little huts covered with The Marquis de Dampierre, like many oth- a sort of corrugated iron that they had picked ers that we met in Europe, was very anxious up in the battlefields and used to make shel- to have us act as emissaries to promote good ters for themselves. It is a terrible thing to feeling between these countries and the United go through that area. States. It was just when we were there that We passed that day one or two American some ill-feeling had been shown in Paris . cemeteries . They are exquisitely kept up. I You probably all remember the occasion . have seen four or five cemeteries where the Nothing was said in our presence which in- American dead lie. Nothing could be more dicated this ill-feeling toward any Americans beautiful than the way they are kept. That but we could not help feeling the prevailing day we had laid a wreath of flowers on the spirit of irritation that there was among the statute of Jean d'Arc in front of the Cathedral people. You see, they are tried to the ex- of Rheims and we brought with us a good tremity. many loose flowers and we laid single blos- Just think of those people. If we were de- soms on the graves there, some on the grave pending upon a fixed income which was con- of Joyce Kilmer in that cemetery. stantly descending in value so that it was a Most people who go to Rheims go out to question about our getting enough food to live visit the limestone Champagne caves and go on, there would be an excuse for that terribly through them. Twelve hundred people lived nervous feeling which they have. there during the bombardment. They kept A few days ago I asked a man who is very one chamber for a school and one for a chapel. closely connected with French affairs and who I don't know how long, but for quite a con- goes to Paris every year, what he considered siderable time, they say 1,200 people lived to be the main reason for this terrible finan- there. We went through Chateau Thierry to Tell Them You Are a Bulletin Reader 72 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 Belleau Woods. We had not much time so that ing against it the things that it is not possible I did not go up into the Woods as I did last for it to do at the present time. year. There was no time for any members International Labor Bureau of the party really to go out and go through From the Palace of Nations we drove the Woods . At the foot of the cemetery flag- pole we laid out wreaths . through the city, but the most interesting to me was the International Labor Bureau . It So This Is Paris is an enormous building. The feeling was, I One of the days that we spent in Paris was think, when the League of Nations was insti- given up to a tour of the city and you all tuted that the chief cause of the trouble be- know pretty well what the things would be tween nations is likely to be economic. So the that we would visit then. labor side needed a great deal of consider- One thing that I did not see last year was ation . This enormous building called the In- the Panorama of the War that you have all ternational Labor Bureau was built and has heard of. They said last year it was too big been furnished beautifully by the labor organ- to take to America, but I think they have de- izations of the different countries of the world. cided to bring it to New York. It is a very We were in one room, a conference room, interesting thing to see for its historical, not which we were told was to be furnished by for its art value. the American Federation of Labor, and just That day, at the end of our visit we were a few days before some men had been there to received at the Hotel de Ville. The President take proper specifications. I would like to see meets there all the famous people who are that room after it is furnished. received officially. It is very handsome and We spent a part of the time in Geneva, in the very beautifully furnished. We were received old city, where we saw many of the things con- by the President of the Municipal Council nected with the Protestant Reformation . One who does not speak English at all. His ad- was a very remarkable international monu- dress to us was answered by the President of ment to the reformers of that period. We the American Chamber of Commerce who had went into an old church called the Church of been educated at the University of Virginia. St. Pierre, which is now used by the Presby- We wrote our names in the Golden book there . terians and Anglicans, which had been very The invitation to do this was meant as a sig- closely connected with the life of Calvin. nificant courtesy . The next morning we left Geneva. I must After we left Paris for Geneva we had say that it was so cloudy that we scarcely saw less of the official side. It was a perfectly Mount Blanc. We went up Lake Geneva for wonderful trip going through the mountains several hours in a lovely little boat to Laus- and traveling along the wonderful Rhone anne and had lunch there. River, that you know so well from description. We had no trouble at the frontiers because When we got to Montreaux, we watched eagerly for the Castle of Chillon and we had Cooks' people had charge of it. It was well a very good view from the train as we passed understood that we were not carrying any- thing that the officers had to look out for. along. We went on through the Alps and through that long Simplon tunnel down into So there was very little delay on that account. We went through Geneva, which I was sur- Italy. prised to find so attractive. When we went Of course, all of us who have been there into the countries where money was dear have got this impression that countries have everything that we wanted to purchase was their faces, have their aspects like people, and very much higher. That is to be expected, I the thing that struck me in that regard as we suppose. The Swiss franc is at par and every- went into Italy was the old, vaguely-defined thing for sale is terribly expensive. But the ruins on all the high points. I suppose they city was absolute perfection so far as its ap- are ruins of the civilization of so many years pearance is concerned. The location is beau- ago, that it apparently has no connection with tiful . Our hotel faced the lake. the present at all. That feeling, of course, We went to the Palace of Nations the first grows on one in Rome . Coming back again thing in the morning and we had a very in- through the different parts of Italy we no- teresting address there on the League of Na- ticed the same thing, these fortified high tions. It left me feeling, as I felt before, that points through all northern Italy. Maybe it what the League of Nations can do is quite is the same in southern Italy. I haven't seen enough to justify its existence without hold- that . We went down to Milan, where we had a Buy from the Advertisers and- November 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 73 very short time. It is a famous commercial were told Byron once spent sixty hours to city. We did not see anything of the opera get the experience, to find out what prison house at all and I did not see the Cathedral suffering was and what prisoners did pass because of an attack of flu. When we got to through there. As we passed across we looked Venice four or five of the members of our through the little windows on the sides of that party were really almost sick with nervous- Bridge of Sighs where these prisoners took ness going from the station to the hotel in the their last view of the city . gondolas. We saw those four horses of St. Marks that Why They Wear Black they call the traveling horses. They were These are all black, for the same reason made in Greece and taken to Rome, and from that all Venetian women wear black shawls, there to Constantinople, over back to Venice because some time in the fourteenth century and taken to France and then back to Venice, the Turks brought a pestilence and many and I think during the war they were taken thousands of the people died. Since that pes- down to Rome for safety. They are now in- tilence you find no Venetian woman that wears stalled again upon St. Marks . anything but a black shawl and the gondolas In the afternoon we went out by gondolas are all painted black. and visited other famous churches . At one, Fortunately we arrived in the evening. the Church of the Friars, we saw some very We never had a moment in Venice when we remarkable things, the most remarkable of did not feel that it was absolutely mystical which was the Assumption of Titian. in its attractiveness and beauty. We started Venice to Florence down the Grand Canal with these palaces on Part of the Church of the Friars had been each side and it all looked rather shadowy. touched by bombs. A bomb was hanging there We went under the Rialto and we made de- and we saw the part of the church that had tours through long narrow alleys of water been injured by it. with these tall stone buildings on each side. We visited factories in Venice, one a lace- You can see there was something so unusual making factory, established by the Queen of that it was dreamlike and unreal. We could Italy. We saw the most exquisite laces there, hear occasionally snatches of gondoliers' songs . of course . When the gondoliers were coming towards the We went into the factories where they made turns of course they couldn't honk like a taxi- beads. Later we went back by gondola to the cab does, but they had a sort of a call. It same station at which we had arrived and sounded like " Oh, hay.” On this evening with went on to Florence. all other surroundings it had a curious sound The trip from Venice to Florence is not a that was very attractive. very interesting trip. A good many people We went to the hotel called the Royal like to take it by automobile if they can afford Danieli, which is a reconstructed palace . it because there are so many tunnels on the Next morning we started out on a walking way. The time we spent in Florence of course trip and went first to San Marco Square and everybody enjoyed very much. We stayed at visited the famous places there. We went into the Hotel d' Italie. the Cathedral and then we went into the The flowers there were lovely. We spent Doge's Palace and saw a great many things considerable time in the Uffizi gallery and we that are interesting in connection with the saw the parts of the city connected with Dante history of Europe. For instance, little holes and wandered through the outdoor museum. at a great many places shaped like mouths It was surprising, for example, to look up and where there had been lion heads and the lion see out of doors the statue of David . Later heads had been torn off by Napoleon or by his we drove out to Fiesole . It was a wonderful order because the lion's head was the symbol drive and we stopped at an old Franciscan of the power of Venice. We saw in front of monastery, from which we looked down over the Doge's Palace the two columns between Florence and the Arno valley. which the Judge came out to give the sen- It seemed when we were going through cen- tence and then at another part a place where, tral Europe and saw many wonderful works in these old places, the people were executed, of art in such rapid succession, that probably the nobles in one manner and the common seeing them in that way was not of any value people in another. at all . Afterwards when we came back to We crossed from Doge's Palace through the London and had a few hours to spare we went Bridge of Sighs into the prison where we into the National gallery, which is really an Tell Them You Are a Bulletin Reader 74 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 international gallery, because most of the recognize that we were crossing the lordly countries are represented there and have all Tiber, but suddenly I said to myself " The the artists grouped in various rooms . I notice Castle of St. Angelo." That is the way we after having visited those galleries, even teachers recognize things . Of course, there is though we had a very short time in them, that not any other body of people who can go to we could recognize the different national char- Europe and recognize the things as we do acteristics , the Flemish and the Italian and so because we have studied these illustrations forth . year in and year out. We know the pictures Shopping in Florence and what we need seems to be the surrounding At Florence we bought some lovely linens. atmosphere, another dimension perhaps and the relation to other objects. They were so fascinating we could hardly leave them. They were rather inexpensive, From the square of St. Peter's we went into though there are very few things that are in- the Cathedral . I missed the members of the expensive in Europe this year. The dealers party but finally I discovered that the message cannot afford to sell them as they have before. had come that we were to be received at the Vatican at 12:45 on that day. It was then It is astonishing in the stores how they trust getting quite late, and the members of the Americans . There were a good many of our party had all gone to provide themselves with party who at various times were asked to take things if they wanted them and send the mantillas and cloaks. I found where they were and I was in time . money. In one place somebody said, " Oh, I won't do that." And the dealer answered, In the Vatican "You see we trust you but you won't trust us." Then we went to the Vatican. We went to However, what she said to him was, “We can't the Vatican Galleries and then we went for the trust the mail. We may not get the things audience with the Pope. that are sent." Of course, the first thing we noticed were We went on then from Florence to Rome the brilliant, picturesque costumes of the and arrived in the evening at the Hotel Ex- Swiss Guards and the Vatican gendarmes and celsior. so forth. We went from one reception room In Rome the first day was spent at the Cata- to another. We saw the guards changed in combs. I don't know that the party went to these various rooms in which we were and any other of the well known places . You see, finally the word came that we were to go into I can't speak first hand about that because for a special reception room . two days I went to bed. We were all very After a certain length of time the windows much afraid of bronchial pneumonia. were thrown wide open and we were given a The Consul called before we got to Rome. signal to kneel. The door opened and His We had difficulty in getting in touch with him . Holiness appeared in appearance very alert Of course telephones in Europe are not quite and benign. He went around the party, giv- so convenient as they are with us and are less ing each his hand and afterwards knelt in satisfactory. prayer. Then he stood and made a short in- All the members of the party were very formal address, which was translated by Mon- anxious that nothing should interfere with the signor Burke. At the end he said, "God Bless audience we hoped to have with the Pope and you" in English. because we arrived at the time of a feast there In his address he particularly gave his bless- was a delay and a great many members of the ing to school teachers, because of the impor- party felt very anxious about it. We had one tance of their work. He had got the impres- member with us who was representing the sion because the leader was a school teacher Catholic Daughters of America from Penn- that this was a party mostly made up of sylvania. She was active in assisting Miss teachers. Evidently his interest is personal in Walker in this matter. We were introduced all the persons whom he meets there and he through Monsignor Burke, who had been con- was evidently anxious to know from what nected with St. Patrick's Cathedral in New points those came who were received by him . York. We heard Monsignor Burke as he passed The party left this morning before I started around telling him the different points in the out. When I got up to the square of St. United States from which we had come. It Peter my mind was not very much awake yet was a very impressive audience. because I really had been sick. As we were Afterwards, after we left the Vatican, we driving along we came to a bridge. I didn't had a trip though Rome, in which we saw Buy from the Advertisers and- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 75 November 16, 1926 many of the old ruins. As I said, the past is disadvantage was it was also a cloudy day. so far away from the present in Rome that it Although we went to the summit we did not is hard to feel the connection between the two have very much of a view. But all told we at all. Of course, I felt that my time there spent a lovely day. That adds very much to was so short that I got only slight impres- one's enjoyment. As I said before, things are sions . expensive in Switzerland. That was not one When we left Rome we went straight by of the places we shopped. train up to Genoa. We went along the Italian We left Lucerne and went on into Germany Riviera which was very beautiful as we rode that night. We went through the St. Gothard along the Mediterranean. On that trip we tunnel, coming up from Italy into Switzer- went through about fifty tunnels. When we land. Then we went on through the moun- arrived at Genoa we went up a winding hill tains. After we passed the mountains we to a hotel facing the gulf, a most beautiful came into this lowland region that seemed so location for a hotel. The hotel is called the much like some American states . Miramare, which means something like sea- Different countries certainly have each their view. My room faced this gulf, the harbor. individual aspect. Everybody feels when they There were at least ten or twelve big ocean go through France that there is something liners lying there, mostly for the South Amer- artistic about the appearance of the little ican trade I understand. Some Italian-Amer- peasant stone cottages, with their lovely gar- ican vessels were there, but Genoa has a very dens . In Switzerland are the chalets. Italy large trade with the Argentine. I was sur- has its own distinctive appearance . prised to find that it is a greater commercial And Germany city than Naples. One reason is that it is the I should have mentioned that we saw the outlet for some of the interior north, Switzer- lovely northern lakes of Italy -Como, Garda land, for example. and Maggiore . Lunching at Genoa The part of Germany that we got into, pass- The manager of the National City Bank of ing up into Frankfort, was a splendid agricul- New York in Genoa, Mr. Richardson, had ar- tural region. There was nothing beautiful ranged to give a luncheon to the party. The about the man's part of it, the architectural consul, who had met us at the train, and sev- part. It was really ugly in that. Of course, I eral vice-consuls were there and there were have not seen other parts of Germany . a great many representative American men We went up to Frankfort and we were made connected with various phases of business , very welcome. I couldn't say too positively how transportation and so forth. They seemed to strongly that spirit was shown to us, the wish be very glad, as I said, to have the opportu- that we would help to promote friendly rela- tions . We went on to Mainz the next morn- nity of meeting Americans and discussing American subjects from the American point ing and took the boat there for that wonderful of view. It was a very delightful luncheon at trip up the Rhine, and we passed all these fa- this very lovely place in the Italian Riveria, to mous places that we know from legend, poem which we drove out from Genoa. We, of and so forth, the scene of the Lorelei , the course, saw the house in which Columbus was Mouse Tower on the Rhine, the place where born. We visited the Campo Santo and the Blucher crossed on his way to Waterloo, and famous churches . so forth. It was a wonderful day's trip and From Genoa we went back into Switzerland we reached Cologne in the afternoon and were to Lucerne. Of course nothing could be more met there by the Burgomaster and the Con- lovely. We stayed at the Palace Hotel, and sul, Mr. Morris . my room, which looked out on a balcony, was At Frankfort the city had wished to enter- so near the lake I could hear what the swim- tain us, but we hadn't had the time to stay . mers were saying to each other. It was just At Cologne-it was Sunday afternoon when across a lovely boulevard to this lake and of we arrived-they had arranged a big reception course we could see the line of lovely moun- in a very fashionable restaurant which faces tains on the opposite side. In the mornings the Rhine River, and one front part of, which Miss Walker came up and we had breakfast is enclosed by glass the Burgomaster keeps there, on this lovely balcony facing that lake. for his special receptions. It was there we In the morning we started to Vitznau. We were received. We met there a large party went up the lake on the steamer and reached of Americans who were very anxious to meet the point where we took the finicular to go up Americans and talk to them . Mount Rigi. It was a lovely experience. The (Continued in next issue) Tell Them You Are a Bulletin Reader 76 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 Most People's Work's from Sun to Sun But a Teacher's Work Is Never Done City Which Has All Year School Frowns on It sion. They suggested a comprehensive survey. The When the all year school, proposed by Chi- Newark News says : cago's superintendent of schools, remains a much mooted question in the minds of edu- "Dr. Corson is fully convinced of the failure of that plan. His judgment is based upon an exhaustive study cators, it is interesting to note the reaction of to which he has given his best professional skill and a city which has experienced it. judgment. He began an ardent champion of the all- The following reprint from the School year school and ended as its most bitter adversary. His Board Journal appears in the November issue change of attitude resulted from his investigations and of the Pittsburgh School Bulletin : so rests upon the facts which he brought out, not upon mere bias . THE ALL - YEAR SCHOOL IN DOUBT "Friction exists now in places; too much of it. Some The board of education of Newark, N. J., is still in administration officers and some principals are affected. doubt on the all-year school plan which has been in There are school politics and school politicians. Har- operation in that city for a few years. It is regarded mony in the board and throughout the school depart- as a success by a number of school principals while ment is far away. A thoroughly conducted survey would Superintendent Corson deems it a failure. Dr. O'Shea point to the deficiencies, even suggest a cure." and Dr. Ferrand, two experts, who were invited to de- termine the question, were unable to come to a conclu- -School Board Journal. The Factory Method in Education Philadelphia Superintendent Says Nerves Cannot Be Repaired With Hammers With a summary that fits Chicago schools manufacturing the product is cheapened in both price and quality; but in education it is cheapened ONLY in so well that it might have been written about QUALITY. them, Edwin C. Broome, Superintendent of Schools of Philadelphia, discussed the " Fac- Overcrowded classes , and standardization, carried to a tory Method in Education" in an address be- point that stifles originality in teacher and pupil, are ulti- mately more costly to society than any other practices in fore the N. E. A. in June, 1926. school management. Altho temporary financial exigen- The following extract from his address is cies may seem to require such practices in some com- reprinted from The Illinois Teacher of Sep- munities, we, as an organization of educational leaders, tember, 1926 : can accomplish much if we will resolve to throw our influence against them . One of the most important phenomena of modern in- EDWIN C. BROOME , dustry is mass production and the standardization of Superintendent of Schools, Philadelphia. In address to N. E. A. , product. To what extent is school procedure influenced June, 1926. (Reprinted from The Illinois Teacher, September, 1926.) by this dominant practice in industry ? Undoubtedly to too great an extent. Mass production and standardiza- tion in manufacturing speed up the process . In educa- tion standardization and mass instruction do likewise. CANINELY SPEAKING They speed up the process in that they make the wheels go round faster; but in this respect education is different "Yes," the teacher explained, " quite a num- from manufacturing . ber of plants and flowers have the prefix ' dog.' Speeding up in manufacturing wears out machinery ; For instance, the dog-rose and dog-violet are but speeding up in education results in the agitation, well known. Can any of you name another ?" excitement and distraction of human nerves . These can not be repaired with a screw driver and a hammer. There was silence, then a happy look illum- inated the face of a boy at the back of the Good teaching can be done only in an atmosphere of class . calmness and deliberation. In another respect manufacturing and education are "Please, miss," he called out, proud of his alike. In education, as well as in manufacturing, stand- knowledge, "collieflowers ! " ardization and mass production cheapen the product. In -The School . Buy from the Advertisers and- 77 November 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN PARENTS TAKE ISSUE (Continued from page 68) of the people for self-government are not appreciated. Stop to Shop Of course, Mr. Totten and his inspirers may argue that the issues taken up by the parents, teachers , and citizens have no merit. But even if it were so, that BEADED BAGS would not in the least excuse their attack on the right DeLuxe Bag Shop-711 Venetian Building of the people to take up matters with officials. CORSETS Bridge Corsets and Surgical Supplies—926 Marshall Then question number two arises : Are the grievances Field Annex raised with the Board of Education without merit ? We Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street submit them to the public in whose intelligence we have L. M. McPherson-517 Venetian Building more confidence than Mr. Totten and the officials of the Mrs. F. E. Wick ( Spencer) —15 E. Washington Street Board of Education have. EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE Laura Mae Hayward-2001 Straus Building There is a great shortage of space in our elementary schools. There is only one efficient remedy possible- ELECTROLYSIS building of new schools. But the Board of Education Martha B. Dowdy-Room 800, 5 S. Wabash Avenue Louise B. Everett-Room 1033, 17 N. State Street in its infinite wisdom decided that an entirely inadequate FLORISTS building program paired with a new kind of school, Streiff and Dagobert-3211 W. Madison Street Junior High, will solve the problem. We will not dis- FURS cuss the merits or demerits of Junior Highs as educa- O. R. May- Room 501 , Capitol Building tional institutions but in spite of Mr. Totten and officials John J. Moran-58 E. Washington Street of the Board of Education we dare to question seriously F. Ranke-Room 309, Capitol Building the quality of Junior Highs as relief measures for the Siegel and Barth-39 S. State Street Robert Staedter-17 N. State Street congestion in the elementary schools. Mr. Totten's ar- Fanchon Troeger-209 S. State Street gument speaks of economy measures which would re- HANDICRAFT MATERIALS lease teaching forces. What does that mean ? We know Favor Ruhl Co., 425 S. Wabash Avenue that single classes in Chicago elementary schools have HATS SHAPED as many as fifty or more pupils. What we need is more Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching - 12 N. ALONG teachers , not less. Michigan Avenue LINE THIS ( UT The argument of economy does not sound very con- JEWELRY C vincing to us. In one school district of the northwestern ) Harry J. Baby, Room 703, 29 E. Madison Street territory of the city of Chicago, in Montclair, the Board May and Malone—29 E. Madison Street of Education owns a whole square block of land which MASSAGE and EXERCISE is at present used for school purposes with the help of Elin Gustavson Studio-15 E. Washington Street portables . The school board instead of deciding to build MILLINERY a school on this property, bought a square block a few Kora Fowler-30 N. Michigan Avenue streets removed from the block they owned to build J. H. Springer-Room 906, 17 N. State Street a school on. Perhaps Mr. Totten and some official of MUSICAL COLLEGE the Board of Education can explain what particular Gunn School of Music-421 S. Wabash Avenue economy was involved in this transaction. OPERA Then comes the order that the new economy measure Chicago Civic Opera Co.-Auditorium Theater of the Junior Highs necessitates the evacuation of school REDUCING METHODS houses, hitherto used for elementary schools, and the W. R. Gardner, 611-612 Capitol Bldg. Janus Method-15 E. Washington Street sending of the pupils of these schools to places across PERMANENT WAVE dangerous car tracks and boulevards. The death rate Anne Heathcote-209 S. State Street due to Chicago automobile accidents is surely not a very PRINTERS encouraging incentive for Chicago mothers to send their Barnard and Miller-172 N. La Salle Street children across a dozen congested highways to school. READY - TO - WEAR And if the mothers who feel more responsibility toward Murray Black Co.-21 N. Wabash Avenue their children than does Mr. Totten, if these mothers Greene's-230 S. Michigan Avenue protest, they are dubbed an irresponsible mob. We F. N. Matthews-31 E. Madison Street fully recognize that, in a large city like Chicago it is RESTAURANTS impossible to have all the schools accessible without any Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street danger to the children. But we feel that this danger SECRETARIAL TRAINING must be reduced to the absolute minimum . And if there Garnett L. Stevens-21 E. Van Buren Street is a school within safe distance from the children's SHOES homes and the children are barred from this school be- Cantilever Shoe Shop-132 N. State Street cause of an educational experiment which is supposed to Harper and Kerschten ( Mary Adams Shoe), 231 W. Monroe Street but cannot work the magic of making up for a grievous shortage of space, then it becomes the duty of the SHOES REPAIRED Hogan Shoe Repair Shop-26 W. Washington Street mothers to use their privileges as citizens to protest against such measures . SUITS and CLOAKS Harvey and Co.-135 S. State Street These are only a few of the points, but we feel con- TEA ROOM fident of the justice of our grievance and we therefore rest our case. Julia King- 122 N. Dearborn Street ALEXANDER O'HARE , President; VOICE CULTURE MRS . SARAH ABRAHAMS , Secretary. Maclean College-2835 S. Michigan Avenue By Instruction of Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready reference THE NORTH WEST SIDE PARENTS LEAGUE . (Over) Tell Them You Are a Bulletin Reader 78 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 Shopping with the Delicious Cooking Bulletin Charming Surroundings Moderate Prices Renewal of last year's advertising contracts Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. Luncheon .$0.60 for The Bulletin and the signing of new, de- Dinner 1.00 pend upon the patronage of the teachers , their Sunday Dinner 1.25 families and friends . With their usual loyalty, the teachers have JULIA KING'S responded and have visited the places of busi- Tea Room ness of the Bulletin advertisers, but we have 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET discovered that in many cases the teachers have not made known to the shop-keepers the fact that they visited the shop as a result of seeing the advertisement in The Bulletin. Ad- IDEAL HOLIDAY TOUR vertisers, therefore, have been unable to trace Leave Chicago on Dec. 26th for five days of real rest at the finest resort hotel in the world. Come the results of their advertising or to accredit and enjoy out- of - door sports in the " Land of the it to the Bulletin readers . The Bulletin read- Sky." For further information write ers form the bond between the advertisement Julia C. Brannan, Hayes Hotel, Chicago, Ill. in The Bulletin and new and increased busi- ness for the advertisers . RULE BY MOB The Bulletin Management Committee, (Continued from page 68) ALONG therefore, is asking ALL the Bulletin readers of junior high schools in Chicago. When the Harper LINE THIS CUT).( to co-operate in a movement to help the ad- school was changed to a junior high there was a mighty vertisers obtain good results from their Bul- cry and the board of education capitulated in part. Since letin advertising. then not only every junior high school, but every other place where a change becomes advisable or necessary, Will you help by : is made the center of a public controversy. 1. Clipping out the Bulletin Advertisers' "Out in the Lowell school neighborhood a couple of Shopping List on the reverse side of this schools were sadly overcrowded and others near by had space and keeping it in your purse for ready vacant rooms . We redistricted there and a terrible wail reference. arose . Out in Rogers Park some citizens cried so loudly 2. Visiting the shops of five advertisers when the Sullivan junior high was started that it cost next week, five the following, etc., until you the board the price of a new elementary school, small have covered the list. and expensive, to appease them . 3. Saying in each shop that you are a "Now we have the spectacle of teachers , students, par- Bulletin reader and saw the ad in The Bul- ents gathering in mass meetings and crying for the letin. recall of certain economy orders that went out last week. 4. Reporting at the next Federation meet- Why, we can't even take out a fad course in jewelry ing any recommendations or suggestions without a complaint being registered. you have to make regarding the advertisers DEMAND "FAD" COURSES visited. "That rule's primary purpose was to release teachers 5. Sending to the Bulletin office names of not basically needed. Some schools, such as the Nicho- las Senn high school, already were so highly and closely prospective advertisers, shops which you pat- organized that only one or two teachers were released. ronize and which are not Bulletin adver- But others set free eight or nine or even more than a tisers, etc. dozen teachers . That was where the waste came in. 6. Co-operating in any special task in "This whole thing is leading in one direction. The first which the Bulletin Management asks you to thing we know discipline will be broken down to such an extent that the schools will be governed by mass help. meetings and mob rule or, to be more explicit, by On any advertising contracts which the certain smart individuals with axes to grind swaying teachers solicit, the Bulletin has to pay no mobs that think they are thinking for themselves . commission. We shall appreciate any adver- "Something has got to be done, and soon. Otherwise tising the teachers can get for the Bulletin. it will come to a simple alternative of the board of ed- ucation taking the rule of the schools into its own hands, We are grateful for your loyalty in help- as the law intends it should, or else turning the schools ing us get last year's advertisers . Will you over to these groups with divergent aims, and allowing help us hold them and get new ones ? Please an administration where the fundamental purpose of do it NOW . BULLETIN MANAGEMENT education will be lost sight of in the fight to realize COMMITTEE a variety of individual aims. Perhaps the time for choos- (Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready ing which course to take is here and now." reference .) Chicago News, Sept. 29, 1926. Buy from the Advertisers and- November 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 79 THE IDLE HOUR ENRICI'S is famous no less " The best of all ways to lengthen our H for the enduring and deep days friendships it has won than Is to steal a few hours from the night, for the quality of the foods my dear." -From an Old Irish Song. it serves and for the great volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- Three great men on three great subjects , day, before the matinee, it is the great will be presented Wednesday night, November central meeting place . 17, at the dinner and program sponsored by the Public Ownership League. Speakers will be J. D. Ross, who will talk on "Electric Power at Cost in Seattle vs. Electric Power for Pri- vate Profit in Chicago ; " Charles Edward Rus- sell, just returned from six months abroad, HENRICI'S WM . M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT whose subject will be, “Public Ownership in Europe and Its Relation to International Problems," and Walter J. Millard, field secre- 67 W. Randolph St. tary of the Proportional Representation League, whose subject will be, " How to Save Between Dearborn and Clark Streets Democracy and Make It Efficient for Indus- trial and Social Progress ." The dinner will be at 6 o'clock in the Woman's City Club . No orchestral din John Haynes Holmes of New York, orator, writer and editor will be the speaker at the Are you fat ? If so, reduce by the famous program of the Chicago Forum Sunday, No- vember 21. His subject willbe, "Versailles, GARDNER METHOD Geneva, Locarno ; Are We on the Road to Peace ?" Kirby Page of New York will be 611-612 Capitol Bldg . , 159 N. State St. Rid yourself of fat and obtain splendid health and vitality. Inex- the speaker November 28 with the subject, pensive. Positive results. No drugs. Highest endorsements . "Dictatorships-Black and Red . " (Mention Haley's Bulletin) Not to have seen " The Vagabond King" with Dennis King at the Great Northern, is Superfluous Hair to have missed a real treat. Teachers who Can positively be forever destroyed Ihave been in business for many years-and I guarantee my work have seen it say, "Be sure to see it." Martha B. Dowdy “ The Jazz Singer," featuring George Jes- Dearborn 5397 Mallers Bldg., 5 S. Wabash No Apprentices Not a Beauty School sel at the Harris , was scheduled to leave this month, but popular demand bids fair to keep it beyond the holidays . The play has a par- FLOWERS FOR ALL OCCASIONS ticular interest to Chicago in that it was writ- ten by a native son, Samson Raphaelson , whose youth and style admit him to the newer StreifFLORISTS f&Dagobert , school of histrionics. He is also author of a Expert Designer of Floral Art Nevada 0217 3211 W. Madison St. new New York play entitled " Haarlem. " M. H.DAGOBERT, Mgr . And Great Was the Fall Thereof Teacher : So the apple fell from the tree A upon Newton's head and what great natural BARNARD & MILLER law did he deduce therefrom ? Law &Commercial Printers Scholar : That the bigger they are, the 172 N. LA SALLE STREET // CHICAGO harder they fall ! —The Provider. TelephoneFranklin 0562 80 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 16, 1926 How would you like PLASTIC and PAINTEX Your Felt or Straw Hats PAINTING Reblocked Our HANDICRAFT STUDIO will become a ver- itable gift shop as the holidays approach. Shawls, into up- to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- scarfs , table runners and other useful fabric articles servative styles. Small or extremely large may be decorated with Paintex and Plastic Paint headsizes . We have them. We are manu- under the expert free instruction of Miss Sheeley. facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- The classes are beginning and will be held daily from 9 to 5 . ing Department has access to the best shapes . A trial will convince you of our Artist Materials and efficient service. Picture Frames FAVOR , RUHL & CO . Home of the Artist Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. 425 S. Wabash Avenue Second Floor 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. John J. Moran , Pres . Now Is the Time to Select Your Frank X. Glasen, Vice-Pres . PHONE STATE 4177 Mrs. Henry J. Piggott, Secy . Fur Coat Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at John J. Moran Incorporated STAEDTER'S FASHIONABLE FURS 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. STORAGE-REMODELING- REPAIRING Room 803 Garland Bldg ., 58 E. Washington St., Chicago, MACLEAN COLLEGE ofand Music,Speech Dramatic Arts "The Little College" for particular people. Vocal Art, Musical Comedy, Stage Craft Expression, Public Speaking, Dramatic Art. A STYLE SHOW A perfectly equipped miniature theater for practical work Especially arranged for teachers Excellent Instructors, Individual Attention, Convenient Location Enter at Any Time, Promotional Credits for Teachers DR. J. C. MACLEAN M. CATHERINE LYONS By DU BROCK Director Music Dept. Director Speech Arts Dept. Adhering to the request of several principals we have timed 2835 S. Michigan Ave. Phone Victory 7514 CHICAGO our style shows to fall on Saturday, so that teachers may be able to attend. SOUTH NORTH Atthe Atthe DEL PRADO SOVEREIGN New Fall Styles Now on Display 59th and Blackstone Kenmore & Granville Friday Eve. Nov. 19th and Friday Eve. Nov. 26th and All the popular furs-in the newest all day Saturday, and Eve. all day Saturday and Eve. designs . Prices that please. Nov. the 20th . the 27th . A display of the latest creations offered at tremendous sav- ings because of our " maker- to- wearer" policy . Siegel&Barth FUR MFRS. HUGO DU BROCK & CO . Established 1901 23 E. Jackson Blvd. Fourth Floor 39 So. State St. Dear. 6023 and 3359 DISTINCTIVE PERMANENT 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR WAVING Buy from one who KNOWS values , SpecialAppointment Time SetAside for Teachers and will give you an honest deal Anne Heathcote Studio F. RANKE FUR CO . 608 Republic Building-209 South State Street Telephone Harrison 9060 Second floor Capitol Bldg . FRANCES Specializes in Cutting Curly Hair 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS PATS HH ORSETS OR SPACE RATES Gossard Corsets New Styles For these Snappy Little Ads C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison Popular Prices KORA FOWLER 30 N. Michigan F Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Phone Central 3904 NEWEST STYLES Make Your Own ATS SAVE HALF ILLINERY SUPPLIES ALL FURS Including FREE designing service of cut- Ourfree designing, cutting and pinning service FURS REMODELING , CLEANING, REPAIRING FANCHON L. TROEGER , Inc. 4th floor RepublicBldg.,State at Adams,Wab.5555 makes itpossible. 10% discountto teachers MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. M ting, fitting and pinning materials selected. Saves 50% onhats. 10% disc. to teachers. MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. 826號 sli / 1c10 VOL. NO . Re IV MargaretHaley's 5 2 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill. November 30, 1926 PATIENCE When the gods form within the heart a pearl They bid us wait. Even like the grain of sand In the once carefree ocean creature's shell, A life's desire comes . And its rough edge grinds- Aye, may be till the life is sapped ! And then, The lustrous pearl, the miracle of gods, Is found ! Wait. Bear. Nor breathe complaint. -Nancy G. Jordan, McNaugher School. (Pittsburgh School Bulletin, November, 1926) 82 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30 , 1926 Where Where The Teachers Buy HARVEY& CO 135-137 S. STATE ST. is Assured A CHRISTMAS GIFT -To Yourself You remember others-why not put your own name on this years' shopping list ? And select a lasting and useful gift from among our display of FUR COATS We are showing a variety of silver muskrat, caracul, north- ern seals, raccoons, beavers and Hudson seal plain and trimmed and all elaborately lined. All are economically priced-and there is a special reduction for teachers. Come in between now and Christmas ! Special Reduction to Teachers How would you like Your Felt or Straw Hats ATTENTION Reblocked into up- to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- servative styles. Small or extremely large headsizes . We have them . We are manu- This Bulletin Is to Remind Mem- facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- bers of the Chicago Teachers Federa- ing Department has access to the best tion of the Purchase Privilege with shapes. A trial will convince you of our efficient service . the Wholesale Jewelry House of MAY & MALONE . Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg . Federation Cards Must Be Shown in Order to Make Purchases . Now Is the Time to Select Your Fur Coat Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at STAEDTER'S Do Your Christmas Shopping Early. 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. Jewelry Division Heavy Goods Division 29 E. Madison St. 37 S. Wabash Ave. MACLEAN COLLEGE of and Music, Dramatic Speech Arts "The Little College" for particular people. Vocal Art, Musical Comedy, Stage Craft 18th Floor 4th Floor Expression, Public Speaking, Dramatic Art. Sporting Goods Division A perfectly equipped miniature theater for practical work Excellent Instructors, Individual Attention, Convenient Location, Enter at Any Time, 37 S. Wabash Ave., 6th Floor Promotional Credits for Teachers DR. J. C. MACLEAN M. CATHERINE LYONS Director Music Dept. Director Speech Arts Dept. 2835 S. Michigan Ave. Phone Victory 7514 CHICAGO MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL . 4. No. 5 November 30, 1926 Page 83 Dr. Henry Turner Bailey to Give Educational Lecture Saturday Cleveland Educator to Talk in Studebaker Theater Under Auspices of Chicago Division A rare opportunity to hear one of Ameri- many books, among them, "Photography and ca's foremost educators will be offered Chica- Fine Art," "Twelve Great Paintings," " The go teachers and their friends this week, in a Tree Folk" and others . program sponsored by the Executive Board of Last year the Chicago Division gave the the Chicago Division of the Illinois State teachers and others interested in education a Teachers' Association . treat when it brought Dallas Lore Sharp of Under the auspices of that organization, Hingham, Mass., to Chicago for a public lec- Dr. Henry Turner Bailey, director of the ture. He addressed a capacity audience in the Cleveland School of Art, and eminent lectur- Studebaker last spring on the subject, "Five er, will be presented Saturday morning, De- Days and an Education." Mr. Sharp is an cember 4, at 10:30 o'clock in the Studebaker instructor in English in Boston, Mass., and theater. brought a message that has not been forgot- Dr. Bailey's subject will be, "The Higher ten by those who heard it. Citizenship." The program for which there The program for next Saturday morning will be no charge, is open to all interested, bids fair to rank with Mr. Sharp's as one of and members of the Chicago Division and the rare educational gems offered the Chicago their friends have been especially invited to public. attend. Teachers are asked to tell their friends of Those who have heard Dr. Bailey, and their the coming lecture and to invite parents and numbers are legion, say that he not only has others interested in the educational problem a message well worth hearing, but that he de- to hear Dr. Bailey. livers it in a humorous, whimsical style, and Dr. Bailey was one of the highlights of the that it is replete with human interest. He not N. E. A. convention at Philadelphia last year. only says things, but he does things. For 16 Those who heard his inspirational talk were years he was editor of the School Arts Maga- anxious to have another opportunity to hear zine, is at present a lecturer at the Museum the humorist in whose talk such wit and wis- of Art of Cleveland, and is the author of dom commingled. We've Been There the mauve jacket, the black skirt, the mink "Here's something queer," said the dentist. furs and the lavender spats ?" "You say this tooth has never been worked on "Yes ." before, but I find small flakes of gold on my "Not particularly." instrument." "I think you have struck my back collar A "Concrete" Step button," moaned the victim . A contractor who professed to be very fond -Stren. of children became very angry because some little fellow stepped on a new pavement be- Not Particularly fore it was dry. "Did you notice that woman who just His wife rebuked him. "I thought you loved passed ?" inquired he. children, " she said. "The one," responded she, "with the gray "I do in the abstract, but not in the con- hat, the white feather, the red velvet roses, crete, " he replied. 84 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 From the Masthead by The Lookout " Let There Be Light " To the Teachers of Chicago: At the meeting of the City Council on May 1, 1928, to fill the vacancy for the unex- Wednesday, November 24, on the eve of pired term caused by the death of Mr. Ed- Thanksgiving, the Mayor sent to the Council ward B. Ellicott, who was appointed by and the Council sent to the Schools Com- Mayor Dever in 1925. mittee, four names for membership on the Mrs. William S. Hefferan, for the term end- Board of Education. As soon as the names ing May 1, 1931, to succeed herself. Mrs. were read by the Clerk, Alderman Woodhull, Hefferan was appointed by Mayor Dever in who said he spoke with the concurrence of the May, 1923, to fill the unexpired term of Dr. Mayor, asked the unanimous consent of the Klarkowski, who resigned. Council to have these names sent to the Com- There is still one vacancy on the Board, that mittee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service. of Mr. Julius F. Smietanka, who was ap- Under the rules of the Council, the names pointed by Mayor Dever in May, 1923, and of all appointees must lie over for one week. whose term expired May 1, 1924. No succes- It required unanimous consent or, in lieu sor was named by Mayor Dever for Mr. thereof, a two-thirds vote of the Council, Smietanka, nor was Mr. Smietanka's name either to permit a vote to be taken on the sent to the Council. Under the law, his mem- confirmation of these names at the meeting bership on the Board of Education continues at which they were presented or to permit until his successor is appointed, confirmed and them to be sent to a committee. The Alder- qualified. men gave unanimous consent to have the names sent to the Committee. Following are From "Who's Who in America," the follow- ing information is taken in regard to two of the names : the above named : Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, for the term ending Schmidt, Otto L., Physician; born Chicago, III., March May 1, 1931, to succeed Mr. J. Lewis Coath, 21, 1863; son of Dr. Ernst Schmidt; graduated Central who was appointed by Mayor Thompson in High School, 1880; M. D. Chicago Medical College, 1883; May, 1921, and whose term expired May 1, post-graduate work, University, Wurzburg and Vienna; 1926. married Emma Seipp, of Chicago. Practiced at Chicago since 1883; Physician, Alexian Bros. Hospital; Chairman, Illinois Centennial Commission, 1915-19. Member Amer. Mr. Charles J. Vopicka, for the unexpired ican Medical Association, Illinois State and Chicago term ending May 1, 1929, to fill the vacancy Medical societies, Chicago Neurological Society, Chicago caused by the death of Dr. Schiller, who was Roentgen Ray Society, Ill. State Historical Society (pres- appointed by Mayor Dever in 1925. ident 1914-19), Chicago Historical Society, etc., Home, 1547 Dearborn Parkway; Offices, 38 S. Dearborn St. Mr. Walter J. Raymer, for the term ending and 5 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago. November 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 85 The newspapers give the additional infor- stood, especially those policies that were at mation that Dr. Schmidt is President of the the time causing unrest in the school system Chicago Historical Society, and is also a mem- and were under discussion by the public. ber of the Union League Club. From "Who's Who in America" the follow- At the time this precedent was established ing information is taken : some years ago, the right of the teachers to organize was questioned by the so-called Loeb VOPICKA, CHARLES J. Diplomatic service; born, Bohemia, Nov. 3, 1857; son of Joseph and Barabara rule, as it is now being questioned by the Vopicka; education, high school and business college; policies of the present members of the Board married Victoria Kubin of Chicago, February 3, 1883. of Education and the present Superintendent . Came to United States in 1880; removed to Chicago, 1881; engaged in real estate and banking business until Some of the policies at the present time that 1899; an organizer, later president and manager of Atlas are causing discussion within and without the Brewing Company. West Park Commissioner, Chicago, system are the suppression of discussion by 1894-7; member of School Board, 1901-2; member of teachers and the disruption of the Teachers' Board of Local Improvements, Chicago, 1903-4; Demo- cratic candidate for Congress, 5th District, Illinois, 1904 Councils, which provided official organization (defeated) ; member of Chicago Charter Convention, of the teachers for free discussion, and the 1906; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary substitution therefor of the "Hand-picked Con- to Roumania, Servia and Bulgaria, 1913-20; Home, 3251 ference of the Superintendent." Washington Blvd.; Office, 431 N. Michigan Ave., Chi- cago, Ill. At that same meeting of the City Council on Mr. Vopicka is still manager of the Atlas November 24, Alderman Nelson presented, Brewing Co. and the Council adopted unanimously, the resolution printed elsewhere in this Bulletin, The following information is given by the directing the Council's Committee on Schools Chicago newspaper in regard to Mr. Raymer : to investigate the Platoon Schools in Chicago. Almost at the same hour that the Council on RAYMER, WALTER J., Head of American Pin Com- pany. Was a member of the City Council at the same its own initiative was referring to its Schools time that Mayor Dever was a member of the Council. Committee that platoon resolution and the Is a native of Canada and a naturalized citizen of the names of four prospective Board members, United States. Was born in Woodstock, Canada, in the principals of the platoon schools, acting 1864. Came to Chicago in 1881. Took out his final papers in 1886. Since 1914 he has been President of the Fuller- on orders from the Superintendent, were sub- ton State Bank . mitting to the teachers the Superintendent's 33 platoon propositions, printed elsewhere in There are three bankers on the Board of this Bulletin . Education now. Mr. Raymer would make the fourth banker. The teachers in some platoon schools, hav- ing no time but the lunch period, were com- About nine years ago the City Council es- pelled to spend that period without lunch, tablished the precedent of having appoint- without time or opportunity for discussion, ments to the Board of Education sent to the voting by a show of hands on each of those 33 Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service, propositions as the principal read them one to give the members of that Committee op- by one from the one and only copy sent to the portunity to look into the question of the fit- school . ness of proposed members and to report their findings to the Council. At the time of this It is to be hoped that the Council Committee action, the Council began to take some will give the people of Chicago an opportunity responsibility for the confirmation of these to find out something about the reorganization appointees instead of perfunctorily confirm- of the schools that has been "put over" on the ing the proposed appointments presented by children, teachers and parents in spite of the the Mayor. practically unanimous protest of principals and teachers that the Platoon School is " ex- The aldermen who were responsible for es- actly the factory system applied to the educa- tablishing this precedent took the position tion of the child ." that the alderman in each ward casts the vote of the citizens in his ward for the members of the Board of Education. They argued that in thus acting for the citizens of their respective wards the aldermen had imposed on them re- sponsibility for informing themselves in re- gard to the policies for which these candidates Morgen A. Haly 86 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 City Council Committee to Investigate Platoon Schools Resolution Inquires Whether or Not Ordinances Are Being Violated The Platoon schools, subject and object of what, if any, ordinances are being violated in perhaps more discussion than any other the platoon schools, and also by what author- change in the administration of the schools, ity the Chicago elementary schools are being reorganized into platoon schools. The resolu- have come to the attention of the Committee tion which passed, included a clause requiring on Schools , Fire and Civil Service of the City the Committee on Schools to report back to Council. the City Council. The hearing on the resolu- Alderman Oscar F. Nelson introduced a tion has not yet been held by the Schools Com- resolution at the Council meeting, Wednesday, mittee of the Council. November 24, asking that the Council Commit- Following is an excerpt from the sten- tee on Schools be authorized to investigate ographic report of the meeting of the Council : THE CLERK : A resolution from Alderman Nelson : ALD . COUGHLIN : I second the motion. "WHEREAS, on July 9, 1924, the Board of Education ALD . NELSON: This resolution asks that the Schools by a bare majority vote and without reference to a Committee conduct an investigation as to whether city committee, adopted a report of a Commission recom- ordinances are being violated in connection with the mending that a LIMITED number of platoon schools be platooning of schools. established in Chicago by the Board of Education as an (Several of the Aldermen said "Pass.") EXPERIMENT to be abandoned if proved unsatis- ALD. NELSON : I just wanted to make these few- * ** factory, and" MAYOR DEVER : The resolution is passed, Alder- ALD . NELSON: I ask that this resolution be put on man. That refers it, as I understand it, to the Schools * * * its passage. I want every member to pay attention, Committee. please. ALD . NELSON : I might at this time, without going MAYOR DEVER : The clerk will read the resolution. into any detail, say, at least for the information of my THE CLERK ( Reading ) : “WHEREAS, despite the colleagues on the Schools Committee, that this is a very distinct understanding that a limited number of schools serious situation, and a situation that demands emergency were to be platooned as a test or experiment, the Super- attention. intendent of Schools has proceeded to platoon some- As the resolution sets out, two years ago the Board where near 100 Elementary schools and is now rushing of Education, by a bare majority vote, because they in an attempt to platoon all of the Elementary Schools, seriously doubted the advisability of their instituting the and platoon system-they did finally agree to the institu- "WHEREAS, parents, teachers, principals and dis- tion of the system in a limited number of schools as an trict superintendents consider platoon schools educa- experiment and there has been no further action taken tionally unsound and characterize them as a factory by the Board of Education. The assumption was that system of education which robs the child of an oppor- possibly four or six schools would be platooned, and tunity for growth and is a menace to health and develop- that then the Board would decide whether it was a ment, and sound educational policy. There has been no report in "WHEREAS, in the schools already platooned city the matter, no further action taken, and we have now ordinances are being violated by conducting classes in about 100 Elementary schools platooned. basements and auditoriums, and Let me say to you just briefly what that means, point " WHEREAS, the acting President of the Board of out what it means. Education, Julius F. Smietanka, on the 9th of this It means eliminating the teaching of the pupil by the month, in an address before the Woman's City Club, in individual teacher. As this resolution points out, mem- reply to a question, made the positive statement that bers of the Board of Education, every school teacher, the Elementary schools were not being platooned: every principal has designated the platoon system as a " THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Commit- factory system of education, rushing the children from tee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service of this City Coun- one room to another, the children every day passing cil, be and it hereby is authorized and directed to investi- through from five to seven teachers' hands. gate and report promptly to this City Council what, if Then in addition to it, it is inimical to the health of any, city ordinances are being violated in the schools the child. They are crowded into auditoriums. The which have been reorganized on platoon plans, and also City ordinance provides that no classes shall be held in by what authority, if any, the Chicago Elementary pub- auditoriums nor in any basement; yet in some of the lic schools are being reorganized into platoon schools." schools these ordinances are being violated. ALD . NELSON : Mr. President, I move that the So I hope that when the Chairman of our Committee rules be suspended and the resolution placed on its pass- calls the meeting of the Schools Committee to carry out age. the purport of this resolution that every member will be MAYOR DEVER: You don't need a suspension of in attendance and give really of his time and service to the rules. the carrying out of this investigation. November 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 87 Teachers Asked Opinion on 33 Points of Platoon School Superintendent Sends Out Bulletin A bulletin from Superintendent McAndrew 16. Departmental work should increase as children grow older. In this plan it does not do so . Effect? containing 33 propositions in regard to platoon 17. Correct habits of study, work, play and character schools was received on Monday, November cannot develop under it. 22, in the schools organized on the platoon 18. Exposes child to various phases of work with no plan, with instructions to the principal to sub- thought or care as to whether he gets anything out of it. mit it to the teachers, parents and others for 19. Factory system-passing through a number of an expression of opinion on the 33 points and hands-each doing a little here and there. 20. Home teachers have all the work in character return the replies on Wednesday, the 24th, the building. day before Thanksgiving. 21. Teachers deprived of opportunity of coming in In some schools , meetings were held during contact with child in his interests and pleasures. lunch hour or after school on Tuesday or 22. Home teachers supposed to provide the mother Wednesday. The principal read each of the influence-only contact through drill. 23. Tends to separate oral composition from written. 33 propositions to the teachers who voted by 24. Activity in special rooms-passivity in home vive voce vote or by raising hands. In some room. schools, the entire lunch hour was taken. In 25. Platoon system tends to make project method some schools the principal did not inform the impossible. teachers as to what report on the teachers' 26. Auditorium is of doubtful benefit, it is a dump. 27. Greater difficulty with books, loss of clothing, opinion was sent to the Superintendent from due to theft. Confusion as to place first part of day. the school. 28 . Greater loss of time . Only one copy of the 33 propositions was 29. Varied size of pupils makes adjustment of seats sent to a school. The principal read from impossible. 30. Children overstimulated-nerves upset-health that copy. impaired. Following are the 33 propositions : 31. What advantages other than those above are observed ? 1. Effect of greater variety of activities and change 32. What detriments ? from room to room . It was claimed that it tends to relieve monotony of school life and prevent fatigue . Wasn't Missed 2. Children enjoy variety and other features of programs. Are happier in it. Interest increased-do Mrs. Nipper-I'm so sorry I couldn't come better work. Disciplinary problems reduced, less tru- to your party. ancy. Mrs. Cutting -Oh, weren't you there ? 3. Variety of teachers to one child develops differ- -Allston Recorder. ent sides of his personality . Beneficial influence of best teachers extended to more pupils . Unfortunate influence of poor teachers minimized. The more patient pedestrians, the fewer 4. Better preparation for junior or senior high. pedestrian patients.-Wall Street Journal . 5. Better for teachers having them teach that for which they are specially fitted. In how far do objec- Money made the mare go, but it's credit tions that were argued appear ? that runs a lot of motor cars. -Wall Street 6. Bad for pupil to lose personal interest and moth- Journal . ering influence. 7. Teachers lose sense of responsibility for progress There are no statues erected to men who of pupils. 8. Teaching of subjects not children. stopped to explain their mistakes. Wichita Falls Record-News . 9. Militates against character development and habit building. 10. Is mechanical. We read that thyme was used by the Ro- 11. Length of period in special rooms too long . mans as a cure for low spirits. Hot thyme, 12. Length of period in special rooms too short . doubtless.-Arkansas Gazette . 13. Child in course of day has too many teachers . How many in your school ? To judge by the comments of the foreign 14. What is effect of so many teachers ? newspapers, we are entertaining not only 15. Twelve teachers a week. How many do they Marie but the rest of the world.-Norfolk have in your school ? Effect ? Virginian-Pilot . 88 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 Are Teachers Muzzled ? Asks " The Nation" Tenure and Academic Freedom Assailed in New York Chicago teachers have been vitally inter- room if he does not like what they say or how they ested in the attack being made on teachers' say it when they are off duty, but also to insinuate that they are pathological cases if it suits his purpose to do tenure in New York, brought to the public so-a blackguardly and cowardly act. He uses the attention by the cases of three New York language of every tyrant, every Pilsudski, every Mus- teachers . solini. Of course, men of this type always protest that "The American Teacher," organ of the they want freedom of speech, but within what they American Federation of Teachers in its No- themselves consider "reasonable limits" and "liberty, not license." Like the judges of the inquisition of every vember number under the heading, "Attacks period and age of intolerance, they propose to decide on Tenure and Academic Freedom," and " The what is reasonable and where liberty ends. What a Nation" for November 24, 1926, under the dangerous precedent to set if the "outs" of today be- title, "Are Teachers Muzzled ?" have com- come the "ins" of tomorrow. mented on the New York teachers ' cases . With all respect to the judicial decision cited, we Following are extracts from the two pub- deny that the Bill of Rights is ever forfeited by any lications : American citizen, and that there is anything in the This question has come up anew because of a de- position of the teacher which distinguishes him from any other civil servant to the extent of requiring that cision of the Board of Superintendents of the New York he shall be muzzled and his utterances censored outside City school system in the case of Abraham Lefkowitz, of his working hours. If the superintendents under- a teacher who has been denied promotion to head of a stood American traditions they would never join the department. The Board of Superintendents does not attempt to deprive teachers of their civic rights. If they like some of Mr. Lefkowitz's utterances and declares that had that understanding they would know among other he voiced his views with "insolence," "intemperance," things, that there can be no drawing of the line in such and " vulgarity." Without mincing matters they de- matters by mere administrative officials. Who is wise clare that enough to define what is the true Americanism of the A teacher may not have one set of opinions for the classroom and another for the public platform. As a school teacher, he has day ? The authorities of schools, cities, and States in not the same rights as other citizens to print, publish, or declare the days of slavery frequently undertook to say that it his thoughts and opinions. He is no longer at liberty to "freely was un-American to denounce slave-holders and that write, speak, or publish." This is not an interference with his those who did so abused free speech and degenerated rights as a citizen. His rights are as "free and untrammeled as they ever were." ( !) He may at any time "emancipate him- into license. Professor Charles Follen was dropped self from the shackles of the department and exercise his full from Harvard University because of his anti-slavery rights as an American citizen" by resigning his position. As views. Miss Prudence Crandall, who dared to instruct was said in the Clifford case: " It is, therefore, erroneous to say colored children in a private school, was forbidden to that his right of citizenship is abridged in any particular, and the courts have so held." In determining whether or not a do so by the legislature and the officials of the State teacher shall be promoted, the Board of Superintendents is obli- of Connecticut. Public opinion was at that time on gated to take into account the history of the teacher, his public the side of the officials, but history proved hers the true opinions, the persons with whom he associates, and his attitude Americanism and that of the authorities base and toward governmental questions. spurious . In other words, the teacher is placed in the position Whether the views to which the superintendents ob- of a soldier or sailor, denied the right of freedom of ject are defensible or indefensible has nothing to do speech, and compelled to keep silence if his convictions with the case. The teacher has a right to his own do not happen to coincide with those of the temporary views and has a right to express them. If he advocates set of officials who happen to be his employers . views or conduct which are contrary to the law, there William J. O'Shea, the superintendent of schools, is are plenty of statutes to take care of the offender. But even more specific. In a interview in the New York for petty officials to tell our teachers what to think and Evening Sun Mr. O'Shea was quoted as saying: how to speak when outside of the classrooms is to dig We do not wish to restrain the freedom of thought of any the grave of the free-school system and to deal a most teacher so long as that freedom is kept within reasonable limits. dangerous blow to the American republic. The super- We expect the teacher to differentiate between liberty and license. How could the teacher teach children under his care to intendents aver that the offense of these teachers, one love American institutions and principles, if, after school hours of them so fine a woman as Jessie Wallace Hughan, is he went out and berated American institutions and principles ? not that they belong to certain societies, or hold cer- We find that many of those who have done so are considered by tain views, but that they avow what is in their hearts. medical men of some eminence as psychopathic. Thus they are more to be sympathized with than criticized. But as employees John Stuart Mill in his essay on liberty had a good of the Board of Education it makes no difference to what societies deal to say about that social intolerance which would they belong so long as they do not take advantage of their posi- compel men to conceal their thoughts . He declared tion to teach un-American doctrines. that "The price paid for this sort of intellectual pacifica- Mr. O'Shea did not have Mr. Lefkowitz in mind when tion is the sacrifice of the entire moral courage of hu- man mind the sort of men who can be looked he said this, and, indeed, voted for Mr. Lefkowitz's pro- motion, but he reserves the right not only to deny pro- for under it are either mere conformers to the com- motion to teachers thoroughly satisfactory in the class- monplace or time-servers for truth." If one believes November 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 89 that muzzled, conforming, and time-serving teachers can Gov. Hartley without any preferment of charges. educate American boys and girls in the American spirit, The case is a difficult one to judge, as there are va- one must stand with Mr. O'Shea. But if one thinks rious opinions as to Dr. Suzzalo's political affiliations. that the best teacher is he who is freest, then there What interests the Federation, however, is that this must be the most vigorous.dissent. Thomas Jefferson seems to be a case in which an educational position in his second Presidential inaugural proclaimed the right is considered as a part of political spoils. The Federa- of any American in any place at any time to denounce tion stands squarely for the separation of schools and this government, or to demand its dissolution or the politics, and for a teachers' tenure which holds until substitution of something else for this republic. He charges of misconduct or professional inefficiency have wanted free and honest Americans; Mr. O'Shea de- been proved. * mands servile, cowardly, groveling teachers who dare not say that their souls are their own. If there is any- Perhaps the most flagrant of these attacks was the thing of the good American spirit of revolt against discharge of Dr. J. E. Kirkpatrick by the Board of governmental outrage left in the teachers of New York Trustees of Olivet College as a result of the expres- City they will unite to make life miserable for Mr. sion of his views of college administration, views re- O'Shea and the Board of Superintendents until these cently made public in his book, "The American College officials realize the enormity of their offense against and its Rulers." the American spirit. After students and professors had left for the sum- The Nation, Nov. 24, 1926. mer, the Board of Trustees of Olivet College informed him of their resolution that his services were no longer Attacks on Tenure and Academic Freedom (From The American Teacher) reqiured "not because of any inefficiency on your part as a classroom teacher but because your views of col- In several places in the country, further attacks are lege administration, which views you have always been being made on tenure and on academic freedom . One free to express and advocate, are not in harmony with case of great interest to the A. F. of T. involves our the views of the Board of Trustees and of substantial members in New York: Dr. Jessie Wallace Hughan, friends of Olivet not on the board who are giving fi- Miss Ruth Gillette Hardy and Dr. Abraham Lefkowitz . nancial support to Olivet College." The action was The Board of Examiners has ranked these teachers taken "in agreement with the understanding with Dr. among the three highest on respective eligible lists, Kirkpatrick made a year ago." Dr. Kirkpatrick denies but the Board of Superintendents has passed them by the existence of the understanding . He charges the in making promotional assignments. This latter board Trustees with acting secretly when they had given the has charged, but not proved, that the teachers in ques- faculty "every reason to believe that no dismissals tion hold reprehensible views on war, the respect due would be made without giving the persons, who so de- our law makers, and kindred subjects, but nobody sired, a hearing before the faculty." The Olivet Col- charges that the teachers in question are not unusually lege Echo, a student publication, expressed "deep re- able, successful teachers. The facts probably are that gret" at the dismissal, and sympathetic students and the opposition to the promotion of these three arises professors propose to challenge the Trustees' action. from the fact that they have fought political control of Unlike most educational critics who focus on the the schools and have strongly recommended the aboli- present, Dr. Kirkpatrick is curious to find out, as many tion of the politically chosen Board of Superintendents of us are, how we got that way. So he traces the and have urged the substitution therefore of a Super- mechanism of college government from the beginning vision Council, democratically chosen from district su- when, with few exceptions, governing groups of clergy- perintendents, principals and teachers. men dictated policy, treating professors as mere hire- The teachers attacked, with the support of their lings, to the present day when college presidents en- local and the Central Labor Body, have organized a force the orders of the “man in the skyscraper." "Our Citizen's Committee of one hundred for Academic Free- traditional system of academic organization," he says, dom. This committee, with Prof. George A. Coe as "has invited the shifting of the directing power from chairman, contains, in addition to representatives from 'Main Street to Wall Street' and from Wall Street to the the teachers local and from various labor unions , such private office of a director of the House of Morgan. members as Dr. John Lovejoy Elliot, Dr. John Dewey, The shifting process is well nigh completed. The con- Prof. Robert Morss Lovett, Dr. Henry Neuman, Mr. sequences we are now beginning to recognize." Dr. Robert N. Bruere, Dr. Joseph K. Hart, Mr. Herbert Kirkpatrick looks hopefully for the coming of demo- Croly, Mrs. Florence Kelly, Professors Charles B. cracy on the campus through student revolts and the Barnes and Harry A. Overstreet, John Haynes Holmes advent of democratically-minded scholar-presidents like and Christopher Morley. Glenn Frank of Wisconsin; also through the few ex- A mass meeting has been called, which includes Mr. perimental colleges such as Antioch, Brookwood and Oswald Garrison Villard among the speakers. Commonwealth. To some degree these ventures em- The publie press supports the cause of academic body Dr. Kirkpatrick's ideal educational system . * freedom. The mayor, in an interview with represent- * * atives of the Central Labor Body, expressed himself The American Federation of Teachers wishes to as favorable to that cause also . All in all, the attackers impress upon its members the very great gravity of the seem to be getting the worst of it. situation when a professor may be calmly discharged The A. F. T. congratulates itself and the New York because his views are not in harmony with those of local on the vigor and acumen displayed in its taking substantial friends who give financial support to a col- the offensive against efforts which would intimidate lege. No longer is it necessary for the Trustees to re- teachers and prevent their opposing activities which sort to any subterfuge as to professional inefficiency. would injure the schools. No case could more fully substantiate Dr. Kirkpatrick's A case with entirely different concomitants is that assertion as to the real ruler of American colleges than of Dr. Suzzalo who has been discharged from his posi- does Dr. Kirkpatrick's own. tion as president of Washington State University by The American Teacher, November, 1926. 90 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 Newspapers Take Up Fight of Milwaukee Teachers Defend Them Against Recommendation to Limit Their Constitutional Privileges Teachers' troubles do not come singly, ac- schools can have is to allow this freedom that the teach- cording to reports received from various parts ers have taken and trust to an understanding by the of the United States. Chicago teachers are public. not the only ones suffering from oppressive NO CZARDOM OVER TEACHERS (Wisconsin News) measures, according to word received from Milwaukee where the President of the School Must teachers, just because they are teachers , sur- render any of their rights as citizens ? Board has attempted to prevent Milwaukee Must they surrender their right to work for legisla- Teachers from lobbying for bills not approved tion which they believe is in their interests because the of by the Administration. School Board is opposed to it? That is what the president of the Board appears to At the time of going to press, no informa- think, for he recommends that teachers who hereafter tion that the Superintendent's recommenda- indulge in such activity be fired from their jobs. tion had been concurred in, had been received. The idea seems to be that the Board at all times knows what is best for the teachers better than the The story is perhaps best told by the follow- ing extracts from The Bulletin of the Mil- teachers themselves ; that they must humbly approve of all school laws favored by the Board, even if they waukee Teachers' Association for November, think them unjust or imperfect, and not attempt to have 1926, reprinted from various Milwaukee news- them changed, if the Board is opposed to change. papers : TEACHERS HAVE SOME RIGHTS The school history of Milwaukee will scarcely sup- (Journal) port this idea of a School Board infallible as to the in- terests of teachers. The new President of the School Board, Mr. Wehe, Citizens with a memory will recall the long and bit- would dismiss teachers who engage in political and leg- ter struggle of Milwaukee classroom teachers for legis- islative activities without the consent of the Board. lation giving them a living wage-a struggle in which That is an unfortunate suggestion. Has Mr. Wehe con- they were consistently opposed by the School Directors. sidered what will happen if he starts firing teachers ? Had such a rule as that now proposed by the Presi- The teachers' association is embarked on a course dent existed at that time, hundreds of faithful, efficient which many sincere friends of the schools and of the and valiant instructors would have lost their jobs ! teachers feel is wrong. Some association leaders look And for no better reason than that they worked cour- with suspicion on the School Board and the school man- ageously to see justice done to a then grossly underpaid agement. They would make the teacher paramount, profession, upon whose well-being not only the efficiency even to executive control. To that end they have their of the schools but the progress of civilization is de- organization and their attorney and ways of getting a pendent. hearing from the public. They have often been a pretty big thorn in the side of the Board. And certainly they The legislative activity of teachers may often be an- have not worked toward that solidarity of aim and effort that should advance the schools . noying to the earnest, if sometimes self- sufficient, mem- bers of the School Board; it may sometimes be mis- But how would Mr. Wehe shut off these things ? directed and uncalled for. Would he dismiss some hundreds of teachers when the But that is no reason why this right of citizenship Association did something he could not approve ? They should be denied to any teacher or other school em- surely have a right to organize, and to spend some thou- ploye; why it should be forbidden under a czar- like sands each year for an attorney, if they want. And they threat of decapitation. have a right to send him to Madison . In the specific instance Mr. Wehe cities, that of chang- The people of Milwaukee have faith in the instruc- ing the probation period of teachers from four to three tors of their children, and with good cause. years, the President says the School Board knew noth- They know, from past experience, that the independ- ing about it. He condemns himself. Where was the ent activity of teachers, in opposition to certain policies Board when this bill was being considered? It would and regulations of the School Board, has been a source have been far better if the Teachers' Association had of enlightenment and justice, a check to arbitrary and discussed the move in a frank spirit with the Board and reactionary rule. the Board had considered the proposal with equal frank- No method of coercion or intimidation that would ness . But the Teachers' Association has not chosen to curtail this wholesome freedom of the teaching body work that way. And it is its right to work at Madison to work in its interest, which is the interest of public for legislation beneficial to teachers. education, will be tolerated by public opinion. The School Board undoubtedly will see the danger in Wise School Directors, who value such opinion, will Mr. Wehe's proposal. Things are bad enough without bear that in mind. raising up a crop of martyrs. The best protection the (Continued on Page 96) November 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 91 Milwaukee Teachers Object When Told They May Not Lobby Superintendent Attempts to Prevent Teachers From Lobbying for Anti-Administration Bills Milwaukee teachers believe that their tenure of the state by the constitution and the laws enacted by is attacked in the proposal of the President of the legislature in conformity thereto, and such teachers the Milwaukee Board of Education to restrain express their belief that President Wehe's recommenda- tion, quoted above, which strikes at one of the funda- teachers from lobbying for legislation which mentals of government, will not receive consideration by does not receive the support of the majority any public body; and, of the Board. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that copies of this Following are the Resolutions of the Mil- resolution be sent to the Board of School Directors of waukee Teachers' Association, adopted October the city of Milwaukee and to such other persons as may be deemed advisable . 13, 1926, and a discussion of the subject, to- MILWAUKEE TEACHERS' gether with a list of bills effecting teachers' ASSOCIATION, interests, published in the November number By ETHEL M. GARDNER, of the Bulletin of the Milwaukee Teachers' As- President, sociation : JULIA SHINNICK, Recording Secretary. RESOLUTIONS OF M. T. A. ADOPTED OCTOBER 13, 1926 I. BILLS AFFECTING TEACHERS' OWN WHEREAS , at a meeting of the Board of School INTERESTS Directors of the city of Milwaukee on October 5, 1926, 1. 1919-1920 ( Special Session) Salary Legislation. Op- Waldemar C. Wehe, in his official capacity as President posed by School Board and Superintendent Potter. In- of said Board of School Directors, in his annual Presi- creased Mill Tax from 2.7 mills to 4 mills in 1919; from dent's message to said Board, made the following recom- 4 to 6 mills in 1920. This made it possible for the School mendation : 6*** Board not only to pay teachers' salaries but to run I would recommend that any employe or everything else, and this amount will continue to be ade- employes of the Milwaukee School Board, who, quate for many years to come. either directly, through an association, or through 2. 1919-1921-Bills to curtail tenure rights presented by counsel, have any laws enacted by the state legis- the School Board (to take away the right of trial be- lature which do not receive the approval of the ma- fore the Board and to permit dismissed teachers to ap- jority of the School Board, should be deemed to pear only before the Committee on Complaints). Op- have violated their obligations to the school system posed by Milwaukee Teachers' Association and defeated. and should be discharged for cause from said sys- 3. 1921-1923-Amendments to Pension Law, increasing tem."; and the amount of pension and providing a different method WHEREAS , on October 5, 1926, and for more than of financing the Pension Fund. Released $50,000 a year seventy- eight years prior thereto, Article 1, Section 4 of from the general school fund to be devoted to general the Constitution of the state of Wisconsin provided, school purposes . and still provides, as follows : "Article 1 , Section 4. The right of the people 4. 1923-1925-Bills to prevent public employees from organizing were opposed and defeated. peaceably to assemble, to consult for the common good, and to petition the government, or any de- 5. 1925-Reduction of probation period from four to partment thereof, shall never be abridged."; and three years. This is in accordance with the N. E. A. recommendation that the period of probation for teach- WHEREAS, both as a member of the Board of School ers should be from one to three years, and also in ac- Directors of the city of Milwaukee and as a member of cordance with the change in qualifications demanded of the Bar of the state of Wisconsin, said Waldemar C. teachers by the School Board. Formerly a two -year Wehe has taken and subscribed oaths to support the Normal course was sufficient; now a three-year Normal Constitution of the state of Wisconsin; course or a two -year Normal course plus one year's ex- Be IT RESOLVED, that the teachers of Milwaukee, perience is required by the School Board rules. through their professional organization, Milwaukee 6. 1925-Bill protecting the rights of teachers in an- Teachers' Association, respectfully call to the attention nexed territory to remain in their positions if properly of the said Waldemar C. Wehe, and to the attention of qualified in accordance with the School Board's rules. all persons who subscribe to the sentiments expressed in President Wehe's recommendation, the provisions of II . BILLS AFFECTING PUBLIC WELFARE Article 1 , Section 4, of the Constitution of the state of Wisconsin, and, 1. 1921-Bill increasing tax rate for school repairs BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the teachers of from .3 of a mill to .8 of a mill . ( The School Board pre- Milwaukee, through their professional organization, Mil- sented a bill increasing the tax rate from .3 of a mill to waukee Teachers' Association, reiterate at this time their .6 of a mill. This created a storm of protest. The rep- oft- expressed faith in the rights guaranteed to all people resentative of the M. T. A. suggested that a referendum 92 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 clause be attached. Such a bill was prepared by the to follow Mr. Wehe's recommendations as stated before M. T. A. representative, but increasing it to .8 of a mill. the Woman's Club, but that Mr. Wehe had not stated This passed both the referendum and the Legislature.) that he further recommended the dismissal of anyone 2. 1921-Bill increasing tax for support of Trade thus interested from his position with the Board. This School from .3 of a mill to .6 of a mill. Aroused pro- Mrs. Berger contended was going a little too far and test. Held in Committee until referendum on Repair was an invasion of the constitutional rights of the cit- Bill was over and then both bills passed. izens who were thus employed. 3. 1921-Bill introduced by School Board increasing in- Mrs. Berger contended that the Wehe recommenda- terest rate on School Bonds from 5 per cent to 6 per cent. tions were directed at the M. T. A. and were a criticism Passed both Houses and vetoed by Governor. This bill of their activity in the past few years in getting desirable was introduced because of the difficulty in selling legislation passed. She then gave a short history of School Bonds . Obstacle to School-building program. the M. T. A., stating that 25 years ago the M. Т. А. At the request of School Board representatives the M. was started as a social group. As far as she knew it T. A. representative interviewed the Governor the morn- remained a social organization until about 10 years ago, ing the veto was up for action, and the Governor sent when representatives of the M. T. A. began working a message to the Legislature asking that his veto be for an adequate salary for teachers. That was the time overridden. of the war, when the cost of living made it absolutely 4. 1921-1923-1925-Bills were introduced which would necessary for teachers to have more money in order to have taken out of the pockets of Milwaukee taxpayers enable them to pay their board bill. The School Board, from $750,000 to $1,300,000 annually. Equalization bills said Mrs. Berger, could not or did not see its way to in- they were called. The M. T. A. was active in defeating crease salaries as requested but contented itself with these bills . handing out a bonus at the end of the year. After long months of patience the M. T. A. finally evolved from a 5. 1925-M. T. A. very active in putting through leg- social organization and succeeded in getting the Gover islation excluding schools from the operation of the Home Rule Amendment. nor to include in his call for a special session of the legislature, a place on the agenda for an increase in 6. 1925-Secured legislation permitting Pension Trust- the mill tax, so that the teachers' salaries might be in- ees to hire their own attorney. creased. In their efforts with the legislature the teach- 7. 1925-School Board introduced a bill permitting ers were successful and got an increase in the mill tax the City of Milwaukee to issue bonds to repair school from 2.7 mills to 4 mills in 1919 and from 4 to 6 mills in buildings . Mr. Wehe appeared for the bill. The M. T. A. 1920. This made it possible for the Board not only to opposed it because they considered it bad policy. At the pay the teachers increased salaries, but to do a great suggestion of the M. T. A. representative, the Committee many other things besides. on Education of the Senate asked permission to intro- duce a bill raising the tax rate for repairing schools Then Mrs. Berger gave a history of bills passed or from .8 of a mill to 1 mill. This furnished a vehicle opposed by teachers in the succeeding years. A com- through which the Supreme Court interpreted the Home plete list is appended. Rule Amendment. Mrs. Berger went into detail explaining each law, THE WEHE RECOMMENDATION dwelling at length on the law reducing the 4 years of temporary appointment to 3 years, and stating that it (From The Bulletin of the Milwaukee Teachers' Association, November, 1926) is her opinion that this particular measure more than That the recommendation of President Waldemar any of the others inspired the president's drastic recom- mendation. Not only is the recommendation of Mr. Wehe, to the effect that any employee or employees of Wehe a criticism of this law, but it is a direct attack the School Board who either in person or through an on the tenure of teachers. Mrs. Berger declared that organization or through counsel have any laws enacted she was unqualifiedly committed to the permanent by the State Legislature which do not receive the sup- tenure for teachers and that the best interest of the port of the majority members of the Board, shall be dismissed from the service has caused public interest, teachers, the children, and the entire system demanded is evidenced by the fact that the Women's Club of Mil- a free teacher, a teacher who, when conditions de- waukee has already taken up the question for study. manded, could exercise her constitutional right and ex- press a professional interest in the system. President Wehe was asked to come before the Wom- an's Club at its meeting held Monday, October 17th, So far as her 18 years of service on the Board and at the Museum Lecture Room, to give his reasons for her association with the teachers ' association is con- making his recommendation. cerned, Mrs. Berger has never known them to act in Mrs. Victor Berger was invited to speak for the teach- an unprofessional manner, and she is personally glad ers' side. that the teachers are organized to take care of the in- terests of the children as well as their own. And in her Mr. Wehe, in a very simple, straightforward manner, judgment, the teacher who is close to the child and his stated that he believed the public would be better served problems knows the short-comings of the system even if all matters pertaining to school legislation might be better than the supervisor who at best gets only a bird's- thoroughly discussed here in Milwaukee and before the eye view. School Board. He maintained that the Board of School Directors was the chosen body to act for the citizens Questions were asked after both members of the of Milwaukee and legislation effecting schools or teach- Board had finished and a great deal of interest was ers should be thrashed out here where citizens, taxpay- displayed on the part of members of the Woman's Club. ers, and Board members might express themselves on The Woman's Club postponed taking action as it was all matters. These were his reasons for making the conceded by all that any action or resolution would be much discussed recommendations . premature in view of the fact that the School Board Mrs. Berger in reply agreed that it might be desirable itself has not yet discussed the Wehe recommendations . November 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 93 Chicago School Scene of Reception to Queen Marie Pupils Present Royal Visitor with Roses (By a Knickerbocker Teacher) The largest settlement of the Roumanian ian dance. A class of girls danced very pret- people in Chicago lies in the district of the tily a Roumanian step, enhanced by their Knickerbocker school. It was because of this bright colored costumes. fact that the gracious Queen Marie of Rou- Ruth Molitor, another eighth grade pupil, mania complied with the request of Mr. Paul made an effective presentation speech in D. Troy, president of the Roumanian Societies which, on behalf of her classmates of Ameri- of America, to visit their church on Webster ca and Roumania, she offered the Queen a Avenue near Clybourn Avenue and also the basket of American Beauty roses as an em- Knickerbocker School which the Roumanian blem of their love for her. She also asked children attend . the Queen to accept a handsome portfolio in which were inscribed autographs of the The reception tendered to Queen Marie by Knickerbocker Junior citizens, as well as 1400 pupils of the Knickerbocker School was those of children of Roumanian parentage, marked for its simple formality, and a pre- and in which there was also a personal mes- vailing spirit of democracy, wherein everyone sage to her. The little speaker requested the was most willing to take part. The Stockton Queen, when she returned to her far off home, Junior high school drum and bugle corps in to turn to the message inscribed in her port- white array formed a semi-circle around the folio and to take to her heart this sentiment, entrance, and heralded, with the sound of "I am loved by the children of America, and bugles, the coming of Queen Marie. She was America loves my people's children. " met by Miss O. M. Riggs, the principal, who led the way on the Queen's left, to the assem- Then both pubils and the audience arose bly hall, between lines of pupils standing on and facing the American and Roumanian flags either side. Prince Nikolas and Princess Ile- on the stage, sang the Star Spangled Banner. ana came next, followed by the en tourage of the royal party. As they reached the hall, Queen Marie was deeply moved by the chil- Adeline Hildebrandt with clear tones of the dren's reception extended to her. She ad- bugle, sounded the four flourishes which her- dressed them and said she was glad the Rou- alded the Queen's entrance. manian children were making such good prog- ress in gaining knowledge. She hoped that in Queen Marie was greeted by the national becoming good American citizens they would hymn of Roumania sung in the native lan- still have love in their hearts for their coun- guage. When the Queen was seated between try of Roumania, and that their present good Prince Nikolas and Princess Ileana, Virginia understanding would always continue. The Moore, a pupil of the eighth grade, stood be- Queen then departed amidst the cheers of the fore her, and in simple words, well expressed, Roumanian audience of "Traisca" (long live gave a touching address of welcome to the the Queen. ) Queen. In leaving the Knickerbocker school, Queen "Your Majesty, Queen of Roumania," she Marie was enthusiastic in asserting that the began, "we greet you with an affection that speeches delivered by the two pupils were has come from the hearing of your noble the prettiest she had heard thus far on her words and deeds." The love expressed for American tour. She said she would send an the Queen thruout her speech, was the key- autographed photograph of herself in mem- note conducive to a friendly feeling. ory of her visit to the Knickerbocker school. A class of boys dressed in white suits with The reception to Queen Marie of Roumania tunic blouses edged with bells and trimmed left most pleasant memories, and altho honor effectively with cross-stitch, worked by their and respect were shown the distinguished vis- mothers , and with pretty Roumanian caps on itor, nevertheless a spirit of true American their heads, danced the "Calusarul" Rouman- democracy prevailed. 94 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 Citizens' Association Urges Union of Pension Funds Suggests Teachers' Fund Be Included in the Unification A movement to unify pension funds has been biennially of each pension fund by an outside agency launched by the Citizens' Association of Chi- selected by some other body than the board in charge of the fund, suggests the association. Once a pension cago, according to an article in the News, No- has been fixed it should be neither increased nor de- vember 29, 1926. creased except for fraud or obvious error in the original The Teachers' Pension Fund is one of the award, continues the association, adding that the reserves six pension funds of the city funds which it of actuarial reserve pension funds should be kept dis- has been suggested, be united. tinct from other funds, be kept absolutely sacred for their purpose and not drawn upon by loan or otherwise. Following is the story in Monday night's The commission should oppose bad legislation that News : may be introduced in the legislature and should have Suggestions by which the nine pension funds of Chi- some official agency entirely representative of public cago and Cook county can be maintained more econom- interests to examine all pension proposals that may be ically and with a greater degree of safety for both presented, and to advise the governor and the members employes and public are made to the Chicago pension of the general assembly with respect to the merit or lack commission in a bulletin made public today by the of merit of the proposals, the association urges . Citizens' Association of Chicago . The suggestions are made in accordance with an in- Watch Legislation, Plea On this point the association's bulletin reads : vitation for such advice issued by the commission ap- "It is probable that various groups of public em- pointed some time ago by Mayor Dever to study pen- ployes will be at Springfield again this winter, as they sion matters and report its findings to the city council. Ald. Arthur F. Albert is chairman of the commission. were during the 1925 session of the legislature, each intent only upon gaining its own ends regardless of the The first recommendation made by the association is fact that some of the proposed legislation would involve that the six pension funds of the city should be united for the administering of the funds. millions of dollars in additional taxes. And it is equally likely that unwise measures will again be pushed ahead Keep Funds Separate in committee and on the floor under the pressure of "We believe that the funds of the existing pension intensive lobbying by these public employes, without boards should be kept entirely separate, " reads the being given adequate study from the angle of the pub- bulletin, " but that the work of administering those funds lic, unless your commission, which is the only existing should be intrusted to a central head. Such unification body specially created by law to scrutinize such matters, of management will not only avoid unnecessary expense uses its influence to prevent such hasty and undesirable arising from duplication of work and of costly equip- legislation. ment but will enable the public to follow more readily "In our opinion, your commission can render fine the expenditures of pension moneys, of which the tax- service to the employes and to the public alike, by act- payers contribute more than three-fourths ." ing to prevent crude pension legislation, and by blazing The six funds which the association recommends unit- the correct path for a reorganization that is essential ing are those of the police, municipal employes , firemen's, to the safety of the pension funds. We believe that this teachers ', public library and house of correction . path is clearly outlined in the reports that we have Inspections Are Urged quoted." A thorough actuarial examination should be made Chicago Daily News, Nov. 29, 1926. And the Worst Is Yet to Come Superintendent Quoted as Seeing Possibility of Classes of 200 The possibility of classes numbering two vember 23, and discussed various educational hundred lurks in the mind of Chicago's Su- policies, many of which have been experiment- perintendent of Schools, according to William ed with in Chicago system. J. Bogan, assistant superintendent in charge Following are extracts from the report of of high schools, who quoted Chicago's superin- his talk published in the Joliet Herald-News, tendent last week as having said he had seen November 24, 1926 : **** classes of that number operating and that he Talking on "Changing Ideals in Education," Mr. Bogan discussed the evolution of Schools of Educa- saw no reason why there should not be type- writing classes of that number. tion connected with colleges and universities, changing standards as evidenced in Progressive schools, Junior Mr. Bogan addressed a meeting in the pub- high schools, mental tests, silent reading, large classes lic library at Joliet, Ill., the evening of No- and schools for service. November 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 95 "It doesn't pay to laugh at innovations in education," said Mr. Bogan. "The idea of measuring education was at one time scoffed at. Every superintendent, every Stop to Shop business man said, 'My work is different. It is of the spirit, of the soul. You can't measure that. Yet it has been proved that this work concerned with the spirit BEADED BAGS and the soul can be measured. A large part of our men- DeLuxe Bag Shop-711 Venetian Building tal tests are very faulty, but in spite of their apparent BEAUTY SHOP contradictions, we are making progress in them. The Ideal Beauty Shop, 162 N. State Street "The all day high school was conceived of, making CORSETS use of the buildings from 8 in the morning till 5 in the Bridge Corsets and Surgical Supplies-926 Marshall Field Annex evening. Big business used to tell us how efficient that Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street was. How practical it was to make use of an expensive L. M. McPherson-517 Venetian Building school plant all day and part of the night. Most of Mrs. F. E. Wick ( Spencer)—15 E. Washington Street our churches are not in session day and night, and no EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE one thinks their occasional use extravagant. There is Laura Mae Hayward-2001 Straus Building now a very strong tendency to go back to the old day." ELECTROLYSIS Mr. Bogan discussed the junior high schools which Martha B. Dowdy-Room 800, 5 S. Wabash Avenue have been put in operation in Chicago and of their ex- Louise B. Everett-Room 1033, 17 N. State Street ploratory courses to meet the individual needs of the FLORISTS children, courses unknown up to previous generations. Streiff and Dagobert-3211 W. Madison Street FURS He outlined the forward march of silent reading from a quarter of a century ago when its author, a principal O. R. May-Room 501 , Capitol Building John J. Moran—58 E. Washington Street in Chicago, was removed from his position, because F. Ranke-Room 309, Capitol Building he was a quarter of a century ahead of his time. He Siegel and Barth—39 S. State Street showed that it was a means toward teaching children Robert Staedter-17 N. State Street to study, a crying need in the high schools . Fanchon Troeger-209 S. State Street "There are changing ideals in regard to size of classes," HANDICRAFT MATERIALS said Mr. Bogan. "In the early days, large classes were Favor Ruhl Co., 425 S. Wabash Avenue considered an economic necessity. No one thought of HATS SHAPED small classes. Their numbers ran up to 60 and 70. Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching - 12 N. Michigan Avenue The city which had the smallest classes was the city JEWELRY which had the highest educational reputation. Then Harry J. Baby, Room 703, 29 E. Madison Street Economic Necessity said, 'We'll investigate this.' Inves- May and Malone-29 E. Madison Street tigators started to investigate and found the more the MASSAGE and EXERCISE merrier, or the larger the class, the better the education. Elin Gustavson Studio-15 E. Washington Street A California educator says that 45 in the elementary MILLINERY classroom is the ideal number and 35 to 38 in the high Kora Fowler-30 N. Michigan Avenue school may be taught as easily and as well as 20 to 25. J. H. Springer - Room 906, 17 N. State Street All tests so far show that we've been claiming too much MUSICAL COLLEGE for the small class. I have heard Chicago's superin- Gunn School of Music-421 S. Wabash Avenue OPERA tendent say that there is no reason why there shouldn't Chicago Civic Opera Co.-Auditorium Theater be typewriting classes of 200, that he has seen it and RADIOS it has worked. * * * Joliet Herald-News-Nov. 24, 1926. Arthur E. Anderson, 1757 Sunnyside Avenue REDUCING METHODS W. R. Gardner, 611-612 Capitol Bldg. Janus Method-15 E. Washington Street Too Much Noise PERMANENT WAVE Anne Heathcote-209 S. State Street The celebrated pianist had consented to play PRINTERS at a fashionable party. But he found that Barnard and Miller-172 N. La Salle Street people went on talking all the time, particu- READY-TO-WEAR Murray Black Co. -21 N. Wabash Avenue larly two girls in a corner of the room . Greene's-230 S. Michigan Avenue He whispered to his hostess : "I hope I'm F. N. Matthews-31 E. Madison Street RESTAURANTS not disturbing those two young ladies over Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street there." SECRETARIAL TRAINING Garnett L. Stevens-21 E. Van Buren Street "That's quite all right," said the hostess, SHOES "only you needn't play so loudly." Cantilever Shoe Shop-132 N. State Street -Happy Mag . Harper and Kerschten ( Mary Adams Shoe), 231 W. Monroe Street SHOES REPAIRED Hogan Shoe Repair Shop-26 W. Washington Street Our Weekly Scotch Story SUITS and CLOAKS Harvey and Co. -135 S. State Street A Scot was playing a round of golf with his TEA ROOM daughter. Julia King-122 N. Dearborn Street "Maggie," he said, "is today your birthday ? VOICE CULTURE Weel, then, I'll gie ye this hole." Maclean College -2835 S. Michigan Avenue Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready reference -London Express . (Over) 96 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 (Continued from Page 90) EMBATTLED EDUCATORS Shopping with the (Milwaukee Sentinel) President Wehe of the School Board recommends that Bulletin teachers who lobby for the enactment of legislation not approved by the Board be dismissed from the service. The teachers have promptly resented this recom- Renewal of last year's advertising contracts mendation, denouncing it as an infringement on their for The Bulletin and the signing of new, de- rights and an unwarranted effort to throttle their pend upon the patronage of the teachers , their efforts toward betterment of their professional condi- families and friends . tion. With their usual loyalty, the teachers have It is an interesting situation, of course, but what is responded and have visited the places of busi- the public reaction ? The School Board lobbies for legislation which it has ness of the Bulletin advertisers, but we have decided is necessary and desirable. discovered that in many cases the teachers The teachers lobby for legislation which they have have not made known to the shop-keepers the determined is for the best interest of their profession . fact that they visited the shop as a result of Obviously the viewpoints clash, otherwise Mr. Wehe seeing the advertisement in The Bulletin. Ad- would not have been impelled to make his recommenda- tion. As a matter of fact everybody knows they do vertisers, therefore, have been unable to trace clash, for the hostility between Board and teachers has the results of their advertising or to accredit been evident for a long time. it to the Bulletin readers . The Bulletin read- The public is apt to inquire who is lobbying for the ers form the bond between the advertisement third and most important party in interest, the children, in The Bulletin and new and increased busi- for whom the school system exists and is managed. ness for the advertisers . How far are the interests of the children lost sight of in the battle between the School Board and the teach- The Bulletin Management Committee, ers ? therefore, is asking ALL the Bulletin readers The Sentinel does not take sides in the recurring con- to co-operate in a movement to help the ad- troversies between the Board and the teachers . It has vertisers obtain good results from their Bul- felt, however, with most who have given the matter letin advertising. thought, that this hostility must militate against the complete success of educational work; that lack of har- Will you help by : mony among authorities must necesarily impair the 1. Clipping out the Bulletin Advertisers' efficiency of the entire system. It is difficult to imagine Shopping List on the reverse side of this that this is not the case. space and keeping it in your purse for ready The outside observer can not but feel that some means reference. can be devised whereby this constant struggle between 2. Visiting the shops of five advertisers teachers and administrative authorities can be settled next week, five the following, etc., until you and an amicable, friendly and cordial co -operation at- have covered the list. tained. The public pays great sums for education. It 3. Saying in each shop that you are a is desirous that the teachers be fairly treated and re- Bulletin reader and saw the ad in The Bul- ceive remuneration and other rewards consistent with letin the geat service their profession renders. It is equally 4. Reporting at the next Federation meet- desirous that the moneys it spends for the education of ing any recommendations or suggestions its children be devoted wisely and judiciously to that purpose. you have to make regarding the advertisers And it is not edified, entertained or made more con- visited. fident as to the merits of its system by constant bicker- 5. Sending to the Bulletin office names of ing or open warfare among those to whom the task is prospective advertisers, shops which you pat- entrusted. ronize and which are not Bulletin adver- TEACHERS ARE EMPLOYES OF THE tisers, etc. 6. Co-operating in any special task in PUBLIC , NOT OF THE SCHOOL BOARD which the Bulletin Management asks you to (Leader) help. Apparently Mr. Wehe thinks the School Board is the On any advertising contracts which the whole cheese. The fact is that both the Board mem- teachers solicit, the Bulletin has to pay no bers and the teachers are employes of the public. commission. We shall appreciate any adver- The Board President said in his annual message that tising the teachers can get for the Bulletin. he would recommend the discharge of any teachers who directly or through counsel "have any laws enacted by We are grateful for your loyalty in help- the state legislature which do not receive the approval ing us get last year's advertisers. Will you of the majority of the School Board." help us hold them and get new ones ? Please The teachers are hired and fired by the School Board, do it NOW . BULLETIN MANAGEMENT but, in performing that function, the Board represents COMMITTEE the public, and the public does not demand of the teach- (Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready ers that they forswear their rights as citizens when they reference.) enter its employ. When Board members become so MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 97 November 30, 1926 Mussolinic that they want to deprive the teachers of their rights as citizens, the other good citizens of the New Fall Styles Now on Display city must come to the rescue of the teachers. It would All the popular furs-in the newest be well to make a note of the names of Board members designs. Prices that please. who take that attitude, and retire them from the public service at the first opportunity. This paper has had occasion a number of times to Siegel&Barth FUR MFRS. protest against the tyrannical restrictions placed upon 39 So. State St. Dear. 6023 and 3359 civil service employes of the United States Postoffice Department, who are deprived of the right of political activity although the Postmaster General, the President DISTINCTIVE PERMANENT and all the other overlings have that right. It is a gross WAVING injustice. SpecialAppointment Time SetAside for Teachers If we can prevent it, similar injustice will not be im- posed upon the teachers. While we do not believe them Anne Heathcote Studio 608 Republic Building-209 South State Street or anybody else to be 100 per cent perfect or 100 per Telephone Harrison 9060 cent unselfish, we have far more confidence in them FRANCES Specializes in Cutting Curly Hair than in the non- Socialist members of the School Board . The teachers do the actual work of teaching the people's children, they have first-hand knowledge of the Chill Winter Evenings and needs of the schools, their opinions on this subject are valuable, and they have the unqualified right to express A Companionable Radio Our radios are of the BETTER GRADE, EASY those opinions and to try to secure legislation in ac- TO OPERATE, and GUARANTEED FOR A cordance with them. YEAR WITH FREE SERVICE. Meanwhile, the teachers are right in laughing at the To teachers having any type of radio set: suggestion of the President of the Board. That is the kind of treatment the suggestion deserves. We will make a first call to inspect your radio -The Bulletin of the Milwaukee Teachers' Association, and test your tubes and batteries without November, 1926. charge or obligation. Phone or write us for an appointment at your convenience MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN American Radiopho ne Supply Co. Not Inc. MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher ARTHUR E. ANDERSON, Mgr. 1757 Sunnyside Avenue Phone Ravenswood 4741 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for tea months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, John J. Moran, Pres . 15 Cents. Frank X. Glasen, Vice-Pres. PHONE STATE 4177 Mrs. Henry J. Piggott, Secy. LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of John Incorporated J. Moran FASHIONABLE FURS MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American STORAGE-REMODELING-REPAIRING Bond andMortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Room 803 Garland Bldg., 58 E. Washington St., Chicago . Phone Central 3904 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR Permanent Wave Buy from one who KNOWS values, and will give you an honest deal Special to Bulletin Readers F. RANKE FUR CO. Bobbed or Nokinky LongHair Second floor Capitol Bldg. "Lio Maets" 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 or fuzzy Combined 011 hair with our system . $5° and Steam Process. The only waving system that gives a marcel wave effect. Are you fat? If so, reduce by the famous COUPON FREE - 6 MONTHS' SERVICE FREE This coupon entitles you to 6 months' free service with every permanent wave. No appointment necessary. GARDNER METHOD This offer not good after March 1st. 611-612 Capitol Bldg. , 159 N. State St. Rid yourself of fat and obtain splendid health and vitality. Inex IDEAL BEAUTY SHOP 162NORTH STATE ST. pensive. Positive results. No drugs. Highest endorsements. Suite 1203 Phone Dearborn 3677 (Mention Haley's Bulletin) IDEAL HOLIDAY TOUR Superfluous Hair Leave Chicago on Dec. 26th for five days of real Can positively be forever destroyed rest at the finest resort hotel in the world. Come Ihavebeen in businessfor many years-and I guarantee my work and enjoy out-of-door sports in the "Land of the Sky." For further information write Martha B. Dowdy Julia C. Brannan, Hayes Hotel, Chicago, Ill. Dearborn 5397 Mallers Bldg., 5 S. Wabash NoApprentices Not aBeauty School 98 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 Now is the time to shop for Your Aldermen CHRISTMAS The Bulletin has been requested by teachers to print the names and addresses of the alder- men. Members of the Committee on Schools You can come to this "Store of are indicated by a star. Gifts" in utmost confidence of find- 1925-1927 ing just what you want, no matter THE CITY COUNCIL how small or large, and at the price CHICAGO you wish to pay. WARD NAME ADDRESS PHONE 1st John J. Coughlin, 2nd L. B. Anderson, 3800 Calumet Ave..... Doug 1818 237 3rd Robert R. Jackson, 3300 S. State St.......Vic 5049 *4th B. A. Cronson, 4603 Woodlawn Ave..... Drex 8880 20168 5th Chas. S. Eaton, 5744 Kimbark Ave...... Mid 0122 6th Guy Guernsey, 6044 Vernon Ave... Hy Pk 9035 14-K White Gold, 15-Jewel Movement, 7th Ross A. Woodhull, 2104 E. 71st St....... Fair 6410 Engraved Case, $20.00 8th Wm. D. Meyering, 7341 Cottage Grove Ave. ... Dorc 1728 Other Bracelet Watches from $10.50 to $500 9th Sheldon W. Govier, 11054 Cottage Grove Ave. ... Pull 8527 10th Ernest M. Cross, 10200 Avenue "L" .. So. Chi 0218 Make this your buying headquarters * 11th John P. Wilson, 3144 Lowe Ave... Yds 6929 for Jewelry, Diamonds, Watches and Sil- 12th E. J. Kunstmann, 3611 S. Wood St...... LaF 0818 verware-always the most acceptable and 13th Jos. B. McDonough, 551 W. 37th St..... Boul 6949 substantial of all gifts. 14th Wm. R. O'Toole, 1102 W. 55th St....... Boul 0180 You will be served by thoroughly com- 15th Thomas F. Byrne, 6743 S. Irving Ave...Pros 1259 petent people to assist you in your selec- 16th Terence F. Moran, 5545 Aberdeen St... Engl 6593 tions. 17th Robt. E. Barbee, 6910 Wentworth Ave.. Went 0637 18th Patrick F. Ryan, 7015 S. Carpenter St... Stew 6664 Besides this personal attention, you will 19th D. S. McKinlay, 10314 S. Hoyne Ave..... Bev 3700 be assured of guaranteed quality mer- *20th Henry L. Fick, 559 W. Roosevelt Rd..... Can 0584 chandise at a very substantial saving on 21st Dennis A. Horan, 1914 S. Ashland Ave... Can 4555 the purchase price. 22nd Joseph Cepak, 3247 W. 26th St. Craw 2103 23rd John Toman, 4141 W. 21st Pl... Lawn 4086 *24th Jacob M. Arvey, 1337 Independence Bl Craw 1009 We invite you to call just as early 25th John Powers, 1284 Macalester Pl... Mon 1215 as you can. Merchandise selected 26th Joseph A. Mendel, 1424 W. 18th St... Can 0774 27th John J. Touhy, now will be held until Christmas if 28th George M. Maypole, 3523 Fulton St..... Nev 9128 you desire. 29th Albert J. Horan, 307 S. Kedzie Ave... Van B 2000 *30th John S. Clark, 215 S. Cicero Ave... Col 2608 SHOP EARLY *31st Stanley Adamkewicz, 1327 Augusta St.. Arm 5615 32nd Joseph H. Smith, 2305 W. Superior St... See 0135 Gift Shop Novelties from Foreign 33rd Joseph Petlak, 1600 W. North Ave..... Hum 7449 Countries *34th Edward J. Kaindl, 2331 Rice St... Hum 5684 35th George Seif, 1608 N. California Ave..... Hum 6010 36th Eugene L. Nusser, 3554 Dickens Ave.....Alb 4358 *37th Wiley W. Mills, 5705 W. Ohio St... Aus 3670 HARRY J. BABY COMPANY 38th Max Adamowski, 2812 Fullerton Ave.... Arm 0300 Wholesale Jewelry 39th Frank R. Ringa, 3701 Belmont Ave....... Key 9730 40th Christ A. Jensen, 4226 N. Sawyer Ave.... Jun 1028 703 HEYWORTH BLDG. *41st Thos. J. Bowler, 5048 Addison St... Kild 3309 29 E. Madison St., Corner of Wabash Ave. 42nd Dorsey R. Crowe, 65 Bellevue Pl. Sup 3704 Telephone Randolph 0218-0219 43rd Arthur F. Albert, 1938 N. Halsted St.....Lin 6946 44th Albert E. Loescher, 2159 Lewis St... Lin 7696 CHICAGO *45th Leo M. Brieske, 3037 Lincoln Ave...... Well 6111 Platinum and Diamond Watches and Gold *46th O. F. Nelson, 3637 Maple Square. Hem 4939 Jewelry, Jewelry Remod- Jewelry, Stationery and eled in Platinum, Stock Engraving, Silverware, *47th John J. Hoellen, 1938 Irving Park Blvd. Grac 1878 Mountings in Platinum Watch and Jewelry Re- *48th Francis L. Boutell, 4550 Beacon St..... Sunny 9400 and White Gold. pairing. 49th E. 1. Frankhauser, 5517 Winthrop Ave. Edge 1957 *50th Wm. H. Pontow, 2114 Lawrence Ave... Rav 3047 November 30, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 99 Do You Get Your Bulletin ? ENRICI'S is famous no less If you do not, will you please notify the H for the enduring and deep office of the Bulletin, Central 3904. A careful check of changes of addresses is friendships it has won than made in the Bulletin office and there is no rea- for the quality of the foods son why subscribers should not receive their Bulletins . The Bulletin management will ap- it serves and for the great preciate it if reports of failure to receive the volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- Bulletin are made to the office . For your further convenience in notifying day, before the matinee, it is the great the office, a blank is printed below. If you central meeting place . are experiencing any difficulty in getting your Bulletin, please fill it out and mail it in . Bulletin Management Committee. HENRICI'S Non-Delivery WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT My Bulletin.is NOT being delivered. 67 W. Randolph St. Please check my name and address . Between Dearborn and Clark Streets Name Address ......... No orchestral din PLASTIC AND PAINTEX PAINTING SUBSCRIPTION to Have you taken advantage of the features offered in our HANDICRAFT STUDIO ? Free instruction MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is given by Miss Sheeley who has been so success- Name .. ful in developing the possibilities of fabric decora- tion with Paintex and Plastic Paint. Jesso, is also Address . taught, and an unusually varied line of wooden (Street and Number) articles admirably suited to this decorative art is ready for your selection. City Subscription price $2.00 per year. Artist Materials and Picture Frames MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 FAVOR , RUHL & CO . Home of the Artist N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. 425 S. Wabash Avenue Second Floor SCHOOL TEACHERS' " A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS Make Your Own PENCER CORSETS ORSETS ATS SAVE HALF HM Gossard Corsets We create a design C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison Our free designing, cutting and pinning service makes it possible. 10% discount to teachers MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. S especially for you . 1308 Venetian Bldg . State 15 E. Washington St. 6686 NEWEST STYLES ILLINERY SUPPLIES ECRETARIAL TRAINING URS ALL FURS Including FREE designing service of cut- Day and evening classes, individual Fu REMODELING CLEANING, REPAIRING FANCHON L. TROEGER , Inc. 4th floor Republic Bldg., State at Adams,Wab. 5555 ting, fitting and pinning materials selected. Saves 50% on hats. 10% disc. to teachers. MILLINERY SUPPLY CO . Room 906-17 N. State St. S and small group instruction. Chicago Secretarial School Formerly Chicago School of Typing 21 E. Van Buren St. Har. 6450 4108184 100 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1926 ( CHICAGO DIVISION ) Illinois State Teachers ' Association DR . HENRY TURNER BAILEY Director of the Cleveland School of Art Artist, Author, Lecturer and Civic Leader ADDRESS " The Higher Citizenship" Studebaker Theater Saturday, December 4th, 1926 10:30 A. M. ( Sharp ) 2 27 26 NO. IV MargaretHaley's 6 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill. December 16, 1926 " Peace on Earth Among Men of Good Will" T is a song out of the heart of the world. It ITmeans much that we can hear it, despite gray fears and grim facts, forever singing above a din of strife; and, hearing it, take up its strain in a world offeud. Not in our day, not in many days, perhaps, but at last it will befulfilled. The world will fill up with men of good will who keep step to its music and live by its law-men who know that man was made for love, because God is love, and that love and joy will blend in the final note of the great world-song. By Joseph Fort Newton Atlantic Monthly, December, 1925. 102 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1928 Encantos bay not Expensive Chill Winter Evenings and A Discount of A Companionable Radio Our radios are of the BETTER GRADE, EASY TO OPERATE, and GUARANTEED FOR A YEAR WITH FREE SERVICE . MurrayBlackCo. 10% 21 N. Wabash Ave. Ground Floor Allowed to School Teachers To teachers having any type of radio set : Between Madison and Washington We will make a first call to inspect your radio CHICAGO'S Murray- and test your tubes and batteries without GREATEST Black charge or obligation . Furs Are Phone or write us for an appointment at your convenience FUR Guaranteed American Radiophone Supply Co. Not Inc. ARTHUR E. ANDERSON, Mgr . CLEARANCE 1757 Sunnyside Avenue Phone Ravenswood 4741 Three Great Groups A Sale without prece- dent! Just 150 Finer Sample Fur Coats Permanent Wave placed on Sale at Three Great Prices ! Values to $300 $100 A Small Deposit Special to Bulletin Readers Northern Seals Holds Your Bobbed or Muskrat Coats Choice Nokinky or fuzzy LongHair "Lio Maets" Combined 011 Caracul Krimmers Squirrelette Coats Mink-Marmot $125 hair with our system . $500 and Steam Process. The only waving system that gives a marcel Bronze Caracul Coats Opossum and many more FREE wave effect. " COUPON 6 MONTHS' SERVICE ... FREE Trimmed with Costly Furs , including Fox, $150 Buy with Confidence Murray - Black Co. Squirrel, Mink. Fitch , guarantees every gar. This coupon entitles you to 6 months' free service with Krimmer, Wolf, etc. ment to give utmost every permanent wave. No appointment necessary. satisfaction. Reliable This offer not good after March 1st . skins , highest grade Every Coat Guaranteed of workmanship . See 2-Year Free Repair them and be con- IDEAL BEAUTY SHOP 162 NORTH STATE ST . 2-Year Free Storage vinced. Suite 1203 Phone Dearborn 3677 Are you fat ? If so, reduce by the famous Delicious Cooking GARDNER METHOD Charming Surroundings 611-612 Capitol Bldg., 159 N. State St. Moderate Prices Rid yourself of fat and obtain splendid health and vitality. Inex- pensive. Positive results. No drugs. Highest endorsements . Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. (Mention Haley's Bulletin) Luncheon .$0.60 Dinner 1.00 Sunday Dinner 1.25 Superfluous Hair Can positively be forever destroyed JULIA KING'S Ihave been in business for many years-and I guarantee my work Tea Room Martha B. Dowdy 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET Dearborn 5397 Mallers Bldg., 5 S. Wabash No Apprentices Not a Beauty School IDEAL HOLIDAY TOUR FLOWERS FOR ALL OCCASIONS Leave Chicago on Dec. 26th for five days of real rest at the finest resort hotel in the world. Come Streiff&DagobertFLORISTS, and enjoy out-of- door sports in the " Land of the Sky." For further information write Expert Designer of FloralArt Julia C. Brannan, Hayes Hotel, Chicago, Ill. Nevada 0217 3211 W. Madison St. M. H. DAGOBERT, Mgr . Phones Central 2551-2552 Res . Park Ridge 3994 GEORGE W. JOHNSON SHORTHAND REPORTER BARNARD &MILLER Law &Commercial Printers 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND 172 NILA SALLE STREET CHICAGO REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS Telephone Ranklin 0562 Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL . 4. No. 6 December 16, 1926 Page 103 From the Masthead by The Lookout "God give us men. A time like this demands Strong minds, great hearts, true faith and ready hands. Men whom the lust of office does not kill; Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy; Men who possess opinions and a will; Men who have honor; men who will not lie ; Men who can stand before a demagog and damn his treacherous flatteries without winking ! Tall men, sun-crowned, who live above the fog In public duty and in private thinking." -J. G. Holland. To Mayor William E. Dever : Mayor Dever, do you know- " I think the statement is clear, Miss Haley. It says the present budget is $41,160,629, That the late President Edward B. Ellicott, and six other members of the Board of Edu- which is over $3,000,000 in excess of our in- come, and added to that is the expense of oper- cation, appeared before the Schools Commit- ating the new schools, $3,800,000 ." tee of the City Council on February 18, 1926, and urged that committee to recommend that That Mr. English confirmed the above state- the City Council submit to the voters at the ments of Mr. Ellicott and Mr. Greenebaum ? primary election last April a tax rate increase of $1.00 for the Educational Fund of the Do you know that a sub-committee of the Board of Education ? Schools Committee found that the $41,160,629 Educational Budget provided for the entire That Mr. Ellicott in presenting to the Com- cost of operating, for the entire year, ALL mittee " a Statement of Proposed Revenue and the schools opened in 1926, including teach- Expenditures for the Year 1926," (page 108, ers' salaries ; that, therefore, this additional Exhibit One) said : item of $3,800,000 as an item of expenditure for 1926 was "padding " ? "Now the proposed expenditures cover the present budget for the year 1926 amounting to Do you know that the Secretary of the Fi- nance Committee of the Board of Education, $41,000,000. To operate the 36 new schools that are going into service this year, a total of Mr. Nelson B. Henry, told the Schools Com- $3,800,000 additional expense will be added mittee on December 10 that he assumed full responsibility for this statement of "Proposed to the school system ." Revenue and Expenditures for the year 1926" That in reply to questions, Trustee Greene- which Mr. Ellicott presented to the Schools baum, speaking later in the meeting, said : Committee of the Council on February 18, 104 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 1926, and that Mr. H. H. Brackett, Auditor of Mayor Dever, do you think that the Schools the Board of Education, on the same day, De- Committee should hear what the Board mem- cember 10, told the Schools Committee that bers and these financial "experts" have to say the statement was prepared in his office ? about this padding ? Mayor Dever, do you know that the Acting President of the Board of Education, Mr. Smietanka, and the Chairman of the Finance To date I have not received the financial Committee of the Board of Education, Mr. statement which the Daily News, Herald-Ex- Byrne, are both on record in official statements aminer and Tribune of October 5 reported you made either to the Board of Education or to had that day received from President Ellicott, the Schools Committee of the City Council, who, these newspapers reported, charged that which have been published in the newspapers, there was an error of $4,800,000 in my esti- that there will be a shortage in the educational mate of $4,500,000 of available revenue in the fund before the end of 1927, and the estimates educational fund on December 31, 1926." on which this new shortage is based have (These newspaper articles are reproduced been prepared by the same "financial ex- here on page 114 and marked Exhibit 10. ) perts " of the Board of Education who pre- pared the padded estimate for the President These charges of $4,800,000 error are and Board members to present to the Schools directed against the letter of the Chicago Committee of the City Council on February Teachers' Federation sent to the City Council 18, 1926, as a basis for stampeding the City on September 15, 1926, and referred to the Council into submitting to the voters the prop- Committee on Schools . That letter shows osition to increase the tax rate of the educa- from authentic, official sources a $4,500,000 tion fund and for propaganda purposes ? surplus on December 31. It was sent to the City Council to disprove the misrepresenta- Mr. Henry's explanation of this padding, tions in a letter from the Chicago Principals' in which Mr. Brackett concurred, was that the figure " 1926" shown at the head of this Club sent to the City Council that same day and referred to the Committee on Schools . report was a "typographical error" and should have been 1927. When this belated explana- That letter states that "Bankruptcy faces the Schools Unless Immediate Financial Relief is tion was given on December 10, I called the attention of the Schools Committee to another Granted," and asked the City Council to put the tax rate increase on the ballot at the No- report of Mr. Henry, which I had previously vember election . presented to the Schools Committee, showing that Mr. Henry had estimated the cost of My letter of December 14 to the Editor of operating the new schools to be opened in 1927 the Daily News, explains fully why the at $500,000 . Page 3 of that report showing Chicago Teachers' Federation asked for this that estimate is reproduced here on page 109, investigation. Copy of this letter was sent to marked Exhibit 2 . you on December 14. Mayor Dever, do you know that on Decem- Mayor Dever, do you know that on Novem- ber 16 the Sub-Committee of the Schools Com- ber 3, 1926, Mr. Nelson B. Henry sent a letter mittee was ready to report on its investigation to the members of the Board of Education, of these two items and to recommend that Mr. signed by him as Secretaary of the Finance Henry and Mr. Brackett be called again be- Committee of the Board, transmitting fore the committee to explain this decrepancy therewith that financial report which con- of $3,300,000 between these two estimates of tains that second estimate of $500,000, re- the cost of operating new schools in 1927 (ac- ferred to above, of the same item estimated at cepting their explanation of "typographical $3,800,000 in Henry's previous report ? error" ) and also to recommend that the mem- bers of the Board of Education be given an This undated report bears suspicious ear- opportunity to explain ; that just at the mo- marks of being the report which the news- ment when the report of the committee would papers on October 5 said that President Elli- have been presented at the opening of the cott sent to you on that day. It shows that meeting on December 16, the investigation there should be a surplus of over $5,000,000 was sidetracked in the manner shown here in of revenue in the Educational Fund on Decem- the stenographic report of that meeting on ber 31, 1926, but that $2,500,000 of this might page 115, and that the candidates for appoint- not be received on Dec. 31, 1926 and another ment to the Board of Education were asked $ 1,500,000,000 might not be received at all. to come before the committee ? The report therefore shows an " estimated bal December 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 105 ance" on December 31, 1926, of only $ 1,089,- ber 8 and learned from Mr. Albert Keefe that 133 . the City Council had authorized the Board of Education to borrow up to the 75 per cent of Mr. Henry's letter to the member of the its tax levy as allowed by law, without limita- Board who transmitted this report to me is tion. Mr. Keefe scrutinized the council pro- shown on page 106, the report on 109, 110 ceedings with Mr. Padden, chief clerk in the and 111. The first page of that report City's Clerk's office, and obtained the state- (page 110) shows that Mr. Henry accounted ment from Mr. Padden, confirming this, for the $2,500,000 which he said MIGHT not be printed here on page 106, Exhibit 7. received in 1926 on the theory that the County Treasurer would fail to turn over to the City Why did Nelson B. Henry , the $6,000 finan- Treasurer before December 31, 1926, $2,500,- cial "expert" of the Board of Education, send 000 of the 1925 taxes due the Educational a statement to the members of the Board on Fund in 1926 . November 3 showing that the Board instead of having a surplus of over $5,000,000 on De- Mr. Henry sent that letter to the Board cember 31, 1926, might be short $4,000,000 of members the day after election. It was also that amount on that day due to alleged limita- the day County Treasurer Carr went to the tion by the City Council on the Board's bor- hospital. I received that letter on Sunday, rowing power and to an alleged withholding November 7, and called at Mr. Carr's office on of the County Treasurer of $2,500,000 ? Why Monday. Mr. Carr's letter of November 9 to should not the City Council demand that the me shows that the $2,500,000 which Mr. Board of Education hold its $6,000 "experts" Henry's statement insinuated might be held to accountability to furnish facts to the City back by the County Treasurer and not paid Council ? Why should the Board permit finan- to the City Treasurer by December 31, 1926, cial statements to be given to the public show- was already in the County Treasurer's office ing a manufactured shortage of $4,000,000 in and would be turned over to the City Treas- the Educational Fund ? Why pad expendi- urer's office on or before December 1, the date tures $ 3,800,000 as a basis for urging the sub- of expiration of Mr. Carr's term of office. That mission of a tax rate increase to referen- letter is shown here on page 113 , Exhibit 5. dum ? Padded expenditures and shrunken receipts have furnished excuses for back-fir- I went to the offices of the City Treasurer and ing on the Council for refusing to submit that the City Comptroller before the hearing of the referendum to the people at the November Schools Committee on December 2 and re- election, and they have been used as propa- ceived official statements from both those of ganda for urging that referendum at the com- fices showing that the County Treasurer's ing primary in February . office had on December 1 turned over more than the amount of money that Mr. Carr's let- After two hours' acrimonious debate in the ter of November 9 had stated he would turn Board of Education over the adoption of a over to the Board's Educational Fund on or song book, some years ago, one of the members before December 1. These official communi- of the Board, the late John T. Keating, arose, cations from the City Comptroller's office are and with his charming inimitable Hibernian shown on page 112, marked Exhibit 9. They accent and rich, melodious voice, remarked, show more than $5,300,000 surplus in the Edu- " It seems to me there is very little haarr-mony cational Fund on December 31, 1926, sustain- in the music on this Board ." ing the contention of the Federation in its com- If there is very little harmony between the munication to the City Council on September sentiment on the outside cover and the history 15. I presented these official statements on the inside pages of this Bulletin it may be to the Schools Committee at its meeting on my misfortune, but it is not my fault. These December 2. At the same meeting the Acting pages bear testimony that at least I have tried President of the Board of Education acknowl- to do my utmost to bring harmony out of the edged there would be a $5,000,000 surplus in discord of this school revenue controversy, the fund on December 31, 1926. the chief cause at the bottom of the whole The financial statement which Mr. Henry school controversy. sent to the Board members on November 3 stated that " due to limitation on the borrow- ing power" the Board might be short $1,500,- 000 which it otherwise should have in 1926. called at the City Treasurer's office on Novem- I Morgan A. Haley 106 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 Replies to Requests for Information The letter from the City Clerk's office below ( Ex- LETTER FROM MR. HENRY hibit VIII ) shows that the City Council on March 3, EXHIBIT VII 1926, authorized the Board to borrow on Tax Anticipa- Photographic Reproduction tion Warrants up to the full limit of the law, namely, BOARD OF EDUCATION CITY OF CHICAGO 75 per cent of the 1926 tax levy for the Educational Fund, without any limitation on that or any subsequent ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 650 SOUTH CLARK STREET date and contradicts Mr. Henry's statement of a $ 1,500, - TELEPHONE WABASH 3401 000 limitation, on the Board's 1926 borrowing power. BUSINESS DEPARTMENT (Page 110.) BUREAU OF FINANCE There was absolutely no excuse for sending to Board HH GRAΟΚΕΣΤ, ΛΥΘITOR members on Nov. 3, statements which on that date could have been ascertained to be untrue by mere telephone November 3 , 1926 calls to the offices of the County Treasurer, City Treas- urer and City Comptroller. The Business Representa- Mr. J. Lewis Coath , tive of the Chicago Teachers' Federation got the facts on November 8, the day after receiving from Mr. Coath 4015 Ravenswood Avenue , the Henry letter of Nov. 3 (Exhibit VII ) , and the three page financial statement of Mr. Henry transmitted with Chicago , Illinois . that letter (see pages 109, 110, 111) . The Henry statements received from Mr. Coath ap- Dear Mr. Coath : - pear to contain some of the information requested of Enclosed is copy of statement the Mayor and referred to in his letter printed below (Exhibit VI) . relative to the present status of This letter from the Mayor was in response to Miss the Educational Fund. Haley's request for a copy of the letter sent to the Mayor by the late President Ellicott, reported in the news- papers of October 5, charging errors of $4,800,000 in Sincerely yours , Miss Haley's estimate sent to the City Council on September 14, stating that there would be a surplus of $4,500,000 in the Educational Fund on December 31 , Nelson B. Henry 1926. No copy of Mr. Ellicott's letter has been received. NBH:D Secretary , Committee on Finance LETTER FROM MAYOR LETTER FROM CITY CLERK EXHIBIT VI EXHIBIT VIII O ICAGO Photographic Reproduction Photographic Reproduction HICAG H TY OF C C. C. 12 SM 12-21 FC AL F GORMAN. INCORPOR COITY CITY OF CHICAGO NCORPORA CITY CLE WILLIAM E. DEVER OFFICE of the CITY CLERK MAVOR Cla TE4D OFFICE OF THE MAYOR ATEAD 18 H CITY OF CHICAGO C MAR November 8 , 1926 October 8 , 1926 Miss Margaret A. Haley , Vargaret . Haley 127. Dearborn Street , 127. Dearborn Street , Chicago, Illinois . Chicago, Illinois My dear Miss Haley: My dear Miss Haley: I am writing to acknowledge receipt of In answer to your request of this morning, your letter of October 8, 1926 requesting a copy of the conveyed to me thru lir. A. J. Keefe of the City statement showing the financial condition of the educational Treasurer's office , I have had the City Clerk's records checked up and find that there has been no fund of the Board of Education which appeared in the news- change made by the City Council in the ordinance papers on Tuesday , October 5, 1926, be furnished you . passed March 3, 1926 , authorizing the issuance I am transmitting your letter to Col. of tax anticipation warrants to the extent of 75% Edward B. Ellicott , President of the Board of Education . of the tax levy for educational purposes.. Yours very truly, Very truly yours Chief Clerk, Mayor City Werk's Office December 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 107 Progress in the Investigation of Board's Educational Fund News Publishes Resume of Inquiry Into School Finances In a newspaper article December 8 ( a pho- ous steps in the solution of the financial ques- tographic reproduction of which is presented tion which is still pending before the Commit- on page 114 in this Bulletin) , the Chicago Daily tee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service, a copy News cleared up an error in a previous issue of which letter was sent to Mayor Dever on regarding the facts in the controversy over December 14, was reproduced in part in the the Chicago schools' finances . Daily News of December 15, 1926 : The following letter, setting forth the vari- Mr. Charles H. Dennis, December 14, 1926. and newspaper reports of statements of these Board Managing Editor, members presented to the Schools Committee of the Chicago Daily News, Council unsupported by any documentary evidence . The Chicago. necessity for evidence in support of mere off- hand in- Dear Mr. Dennis :- formal statements of Board members has been demon- To date I have not seen a copy of the letter of the strated before the Committee . late President Edward B. Ellicott which is referred to The following statement under the heading "School in the enclosed article in the Daily News of October 5 Funds Short; Board Gives Warning" appeared in the in which Mr. Ellicott charges that errors amounting to Daily News of November 11 , 1926 : $4,800,000 were contained in computations submitted in " The board of education is without sufficient a letter of mine. [ See enclosed article on p . 114. ] funds to carry on next year as it has in the past. The communication referred to by Mr. Ellicott was Drastic curtailment of activity must be paired with from the Chicago Teachers' Federation signed by me as absolute denial of further expansion for 1927-1928 . Business Representative, presented to the Mayor and to " That was the warning given yesterday to the the City Council on September 15, 1926, printed in full board of education by Trustee Charles T. Byrne , in the proceedings of that date on page 4514, and re- chairman of the board's finance committee, who has ferred to the Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Serv- been engaged for the last few weeks in preparing ice for investigation. the school budget for next year." This communication, marked copy of which is en- Then follows a detailed statement by Mr. Byrne to closed, was presented to the City Council for the pur- the Board of Education in regard to this shortage . pose of furnishing to that body official, authentic in- There are three conflicting statements by the Acting formation concerning the condition of the Educational President of the Board of Education, Mr. Julius F. Fund of the Board of Education. This was done, as the Smietanka, before the Schools Committee of the Council first paragraphs in the communication show, to offset a in regard to the condition of the Educational Fund for letter from the Chicago Principals' Club, over the sig- 1927: On June 10, 1926, speaking at the Union nature of its president, sent to the Mayor and to every League Club, Mr. Smietanka said that the Board would Alderman on September 2 and presented to the City be short at the beginning of the year 1928. On De- Council September 15, page 4372, and referred to the cember 2, 1926, speaking to the Council Schools Com- Committee on Schools . mittee, he said the Board could get through November, 1927. On December 9 he told that Committee that the These two communications are the subject matter of Board would not be able to pay the teachers' salaries the present investigation by the Council Committee on for the month of November, 1927 . Schools into the condition of the Educational Fund of the Board of Education . While the communication of These statements by the Acting President and Chair- man of the Finance Committee of the Board have September 15, over the signature of the Business Rep- already laid the foundation for continuation of the a resentative of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, in- formed the Council that there would be a $4,500,000 controversy that kept the school system divided through- surplus in the fund on January 1 , 1927, the communi- out the entire year 1926. Threats that schools would be closed or teachers' salaries cut if the tax rate increase cation of September 15, over the signature of the Presi- dent of the Principals' Club stated that: was not put on the ballot, first at the primary last April and later at the election in November, were promptly "Bankruptcy faces the schools unless immediate met by denials by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. financial relief is granted. " * That controversy need not to have been dragged along * * throughout the entire year 1926 thereby furnishing ex- " The crisis in school affairs is so great that if cuse for the unjust back firing on the Aldermen for not the assessment plan has not produced the needed submitting to the people the proposition to increase the revenue by approximately September 15, 1926, the tax rate, now shown to be unnecessary in 1926 . City Council is urged immediately to authorize a The effect, if not the purpose, of the controversy, November, 1926, educational fund tax levy refer- endum ." continued throughout 1926, was to make impossible anything but the merest pretense of cooperation with The position taken by the Principals' Club as shown the City Council in its efforts to secure fair, equitable by the statements quoted above, is the position taken by and uniform assessment of property. members of the Board of Education in oral statements (Continued on Page 119) 108 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 The " Padded " Item The statement for which Nelson B. Henry assumed full responsibility. It contains $3,800,000 of " padding" in one item. ( See Masthead for explanation and page 109. ) EXHIBIT I Photographic Reproduction STATPMENT OF PROPOSED REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEAR 1926 PRESENT REVENUE Tax Levy 1.92 32,740,000.00 From other sources 5.065.500.00 37.805.500.00 PROPOSED REVENUE Tax Levy 2.92 49,793,849.00 From other sources 5,065,500.00 54,859,349.00 PROPOSED EXPENDITURES Present Budget 41.160.629.00 merating 36 New Schools 3,800,000.00 New Teachers Salary Scheanre 1st Year 1,750,000.00 Yearly Increase in Growth of 3ystem 2,500,000.00 49,210,629.00 Balance to be applied to reduce loans 5,648,720.00 MEMO 36 New Schools 3 High Schools 350,000 1,050,000.00 1 Jr. High School 200,000.00 32 Elementary Schools 80,000 2,560,000.00 3,810,000.00 New Salary Schedule 1st Year 1,750,000.00 2nd Year 3,000,000.00 3rd Year 5,200,000.00 4th Year 6,300,000.00 5th Year 6,800,000.00 Page 1 of the Financial Statement presented to the Schools Committee of the City Council by the President of the Board of Education on February 18, 1926. December 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 109 Without Padding The " padded" item with padding squeezed out of it. ( See Masthead and page 108. ) EXHIBIT II Photographic Reproduction EDUCATIONAL FUND STATEMENT OF - ESTIMATED RESOURCES AND EXPENSE 1927 RESOURCES Balance of 1926 Resources Available for 1927 5,600,000.00 School Tax Levy - 1926 37,899,000.00 ( If assessed valu- ation is increased by $100,000.00) Less Estimated Loss & Costs 3,410,000.00 34,489,000.00 Less 1926 Borrowing Power 27,100,000.00 7,389,000.00 Borrowing Power • 1927 28,400,000.00 Other Revenue 5,000,000.00 46,389,000.00 EXPEISE Estimated Expense 1926 41,175,000.00 Additional for 1927 Average Normal Increase 2,500,000.00 Opening 32 New Schools 500,000.00 3,000,000.00 44,175,000.00 Estimated Resources 46,389,000.00 Π Exper.se 44,175,000.00 Excess of Resources 2,214,000.00 (If all resources were available by the end of the year . ) Page 1 of the Financial Statement sent to members of the Board of Education on November 3, 1926, by Nelson B. Henry. 110 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 "Shrunken " Receipts This statement shows more than $4,000,000 in two items which "Expert" Henry "guessed" should be deducted from that more than $5,000,000 surplus. ( See opposite page. ) Pages 112, 113, 106 and the Masthead show that he missed his "guess." Photographic Reproduction EXHIBIT III EDUCATIONAL FUND - STATEMENT OF RESOURCES AND ESTIMATED EXΡΕΝΕΡ 1926 RESOURCES Cash Balanse Des, 31, 1925 1,204,720.36 RESOURCES - 1926 Balanes of 1925 Revenue Collectible in 1926 School Tax Levy of 1924 2,684,166.53 Lesseca of School Fund Property 406,537.83 Interest - County Treas . 68.444.37 Laboratory Fees 5.504.30 3,164,653.03 REVENUE • 1926 School Tax Levy of 1925 36,103,651.31 Less Estimated Loss & Coats 3,249,388.61 32,854,322.70 Less Temporary Loans , December 31st , 1925 22,600,000.00 10,254,322.70 Lensees of School Fund Property 995,000.00 State Distributive Fund 2,790,814.49 State Appropriations Deaf children 36,440.80 Blind . 22,844.80 Delinquent 123,729.90 " Crippled 267,376.84 450,392.34 Vocational Training 248,227.73 Tuition Yees-U.S.Veterans bur . 23,903.28 Tuition Fees - Non-Residents 90,000.00 Kental of Arsembly Halls 55,000.00 Tuition Fees Summer High 120,000.00 Registration Fees-Evening Schools 58.000.00 Interest County Treasurer 136,000.00 Interest on Investments 59,000.00 Interest on Bank Deposits 20,000.00 Discount on Purchasee 6,000.00 Miscellaneous Receipts. 4,000.00 15,310,760.54 BORROWING POWER - 1926 75% of 1925 Gross Tax Levy 27,077,738.48 Total Estimated Resources - 1926 740757 9.2 Amounts that may not be available during 1926 : Due to limitation on borrowing power Portion of 1925 tax levy not * 1,577,738.48 received ( estinated) 2,500,000.00 Rentals in litigation 410,000.00 34.493.738.48 Page 1 of the Financial Statement sent to members of the Board of Education on November 3,1926, by Nelson B. Henry MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 111 December 16, 1926 Reducing the Surplus This statement shows how Mr. Henry reduced the actual $5,334,599 of surplus by deduct- ing that more than $4,000,000 shown on opposite page. See also pages 112, 113, 106 and Masthead. EXHIBIT IV Photographic Reproduction ESTIMATED EXPENSE Business Administration Salaries Civil Service - 570,000.00 Supplies & Other Expenses 200,000.00 770,000.00 Educational Administration Salaries- Supervision ,etc . 475,000.00 Salaries - Civil Service 225,000.00 Supplies & Other Expenses 90,000.00 790,000.00 Instruction -Regular Salaries-Teachers Reg .Day Schools 31,500,000.00 Teachers Spec.Activities 750,000.00 " Civil Service 50,000.00 Supplies & Other Expenses 700,000.00 33,000,000.00 Co-ordinate Activisies Compulsory Attendance 175,000.00 Dental Instruction 14,000.00 189,000.00 Auxiliary Agencies Community Centers 25,000.00 Bath Rooms 155,000.00 Transportation of Pupils 185,000.00 Chicago Parental Sonool 135,000.00 Chicago & Cook County 90,000.00 Penny Lunches 135,000.00 Americanization 20,000.00 Adult Lectures 1,000.00 Public Libraries 75,000,00 821,000.00 Operation of Plant Salaries -Civil Service 2,990,000.00 Ges & Electricity 360,000.00 Fuel 920,000.00 Supplies & Other Expenses 180,000.00 4,450,000.00 Miscellaneous Teachers Pensions 177,000.00 Interest on Temporary Loans 880,000.00 Retirement -Miller Law 11,000.00 Accounts Payable (1925) 87,000.00 1,155,000.00 $ 41,175,000.00 Recapitulation Available Resources 46,757,872,41 Deduct -Expense 41,175,000.00 Excess of hes urces 5,582,872.41 Deduct- Estimate of resources not received during 1926 . * * 4,493,738.48 stimated balance 1,069,133.93 Page 2 of Financial Statement sent to members of the Board of Education on November 3, 1926, by Nelson B. Henry. 112 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 The Answer- Facts and Figures from City Comptroller's Office Answer Financial " Expert" The information printed below was re- The statement below, presented to the Council ceived by the business representative of the Committee on December 2, confirms the state- ments in the letter of November 9 from the late Chicago Teachers' Federation from the City County Treasurer, P. J. Carr (page 113) and con- Comptroller's office and presented to the City tradicts Mr. Henry's statement of November 3 that $2,500,000 of 1925 Educational Fund taxes Council Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil might not be turned over ( by County- Treasurer's Service at the hearing December 2. It is the office) during 1926. (Page 110.) answer to the Six Thousand Dollar a Year EXHIBIT IX -A . financial " expert" of the Board of Education, EDUCATIONAL FUND TAXES LEVIED Nelson B. Henry, whose fairy stories of IN 1925 COLLECTIBLE IN 1926 "padded" expenditures and shrunken receipts furnished the foundation for reports of the 1925 Tax Levy for Educational Fund collectible in 1926 based on the 1925 threatened deficit of $3,500,000 that now turns assessed Valuation, $1,873,921,764 at tax out to be a $5,334,599 surplus, a discrepancy rate of $ 1.926636 which is the rate cer- tified by the County Clerk on the distri- of $ 8,834,599 . bution sheet for the use of the City Signed by the assistant city comptroller, Treasurer and City Comptroller in the distribution of taxes turned over to the Mark M. Foote, the statements here printed City Treasurer by County Treasurer . contain the actual facts and figures showing (Distribution sheet hereto attached) ... $ 36,103,651.31 that drastic curtailments of essential activi- Less 10 per cent Loss and Cost of collection ( rate of loss estimated by ties in the school system, made under cover Margaret A. Haley as shown in letter of of a false alarm of shortage of school funds, Chicago Teachers' Federation to Mayor were not justified by the facts. and City Council , Sept. 15, 1926, Page 4514 of Council Proceedings ) ......... 3,610,365.13 In the hearing before the Schools Commit- tee of the City Council, Mrs. Hefferan, Mr. Estimated Taxes to be paid ......... $ 32,493,286.18 Smietanka and Mr. Bogan admitted that these Payments to City Treas- curtailments were made without action by the urer by County Treas- Board of Education. At the hearing on De- urer P. J. Carr, as per Mr. Carr's letter of Nov. cember 2, Mr. Smietanka admitted there 9, 1926, to Margaret A. would be a $5,000,000 surplus on December Haley: 31, 1926. He admitted it at the meeting of Paid on or before Nov. the committee at which the following infor- 9, 1926 .......... $ 29,778,869.20 mation was presented : To be paid on Dec. 1, 1926 2,520,905.02 EXHIBIT IX ESTIMATED AVAILABLE CASH RESOURCES $ 32,299,774.22 OF SCHOOL TAX -EDUCATIONAL FUND- Total actually turned over to City DECEMBER 31 , 1926 Treasurer for Educational Fund account by County Treasurer on or before De- Available Cash November 30th .... $ 793,299.50 cember 1 , 1926, as shown by City Comp- Balance of 1925 taxes to be received troller's office ...... $ 32,376,714.56 (Estimated) 1,920,235.20 Unexercised Borrowing Power . 9,777,738.20 Excess of amount estimated by Mar- Miscellaneous Receipts (Estimated) .... 100,000.00 garet A. Haley, over actual payment by County Treasurer on or before December $ 12,591,272.90 1 , 1926 $116,571.62 *Estimated expense during December .. 7,256,673.61 Actual rate of Loss and Cost of Collection .......... 10 3/10 per cent Estimated Available Cash Balance De- - cember 31 , 1926 ....... $ 5,334,599.29 Figures showing taxes collectible, remittances by County Collector for same and percentage of loss and *This includes November Teachers' payroll. cost are correct as per Comptroller's records. (Signed) MARK M. FOOTE , Signed-MARK M. FOOTE, November 30, 1926 City Comptroller's Office . December 2, 1926. General Accountant. December 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 113 Refutation of Henry's Statement Mr. Carr's Letter Refutes Statement That $2,500,000 of 1925 Taxes Might Not Be Turned Over During 1926 The letter below from the late P. J. Carr, 1925 taxes due the Educational Fund might County treasurer, is a refutation of the Finan- not be paid over to the fund by the County cial Statement sent to the members of the Treasurer during 1926. ( See page 110. ) On Board of Education on November 3, 1926, by page 112 payment, on December 1, of this $2,- Nelson B. Henry showing that $2,500,000 of 500,000 to the City Treasurer is shown. EXHIBIT V Photographic Reproduction SI ・ FORME 70 JACOB LINDHEIMER OTTO C. WOERTER ASSISTANT TREASURER P. J. CARR CHIEF CLERK TREASURER OFFICE OF THE COUNTYTREASURER N IN REPLYING PLEASE REFER TO FILE NO. COOHCOUNTY November 9 , 1926 . Miss Margaret A. Haley Chicago Teachers ' Federation 127 Forth Dearborn St., Chicago. My dear Miss Haley: In accordance with your request , I am sending you herewith a statement taken from our records referring to the 1925 school taxes collected by the County Treasurer during the year 1926 . The actual amount turned over for school taxes to the City Treasurer to date is 46,987,477.15 , from this amount the City Treasurer has accredited the Educational Fund $29,778,869.20. Our final balunce just completed, shows that there remains in the hands of the County Treasurer , for school taxes , $3,966,128.15 . There is due to the Educational Sund from this amount 2,520,905.02 . In addition to the above , the County Treasurer will pay over to the Board of Education for school purposes all of the interest accruing on school taxes collected during the year 1926 , approximately $300,000.00 All of the school taxes remaining in our hands and amounting, as above set forth , to $3,966,128.15 , of which the Educational Fund will receive $2,520,905.02 , will be finally and totally paid over to the City Treasurer on or beforeDecember 1st , 1926 . All of the remaining school districte and taxing bodies in Cook County, numbering three hundred and ninety three , will be treated in like nanner , in other words , all moners for takes collected by the County Treasurer during the yeur 1926 , will be finally and totally distributed and paid over before he retires from office on or about December 1, 1926 . Very sincerely yours, Count Treesproz Attested by: JL/G Assistant County Treasurer . 114 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 Newspaper Exhibits Tell the Story History of Financial Discrepancy Told by Public Press The newspaper clippings reproduced photographically August 3rd announcement of a $ 3,500,000 deficit, which below ( EXHIBIT X ) , show the following : ( 1 ) The correction followed the finding by the Schools Commit- charges made on October 5th that Miss Haley's estimate tee of the Council on December 2nd that there would be of a surplus of $4,500,000 was $4,800,000 too high ; a $5,334,000 surplus on December 31 , 1926. (See ( 2 ) Mayor Dever's correction on December 8th of his pages 3 and 4. ) Chicago Tribune Herald and Examiner1000 and with also which to start the an assertion new year by Julius F. Oct. 5,1926 Oct. 5, 1926 Smietanka, a member of the school board's finance committee, made at The curriculum revision committee a meeting in the Union League club $4,815,000 ERROR of the Chicago schools yesterday had June 10, that a deficit would not be a questionnaire sont to teachers and encountered until the beginning of MADE BY CRITICS, other citizens, asking opinions on 1928. The figures were also in corn- courses of study to be retained or tradiction of the findings of Miss Mar- SAYSSCHOOLHEAD dropped . For example, the document asks garet Haley, business manager of the Col. Edward B. Ellicott, school opinions on what mathematics are Chicago Teachers' federation, which of value after one has left school, indicated that there would be a sur- board president, yesterday made pub plus of $4,500,000 in the educational what sciences and what are average lic a statement of the financial con English requirements, and whether fund at the close of 1926 . dition of the board of education, point manual training should be increased. Investigated by Committee. Superintendent McAndrew is espe insiout discrepancies in the figures alally dentrous of outsiders opinions This discrepancy was called to the which critics of the school administol. Edward B. Ellicott, president attention of the city council's com- tration had cited to show that the of the Board of Education, directed mittee on schools, fire and civil serv- board was not facing a Anancial crieis. a letter to Mayor Dever yesterday ice by the teachers' federation and it The president wall that an error of denying the board will have a bal was primarily upon this notice that 31.500.000 had been made by the ance of $4,502,545 in its treasurya the committee, under the chairman- Dourd's critics in computing the alleged by Margaret A. Haley. ship of Ald. Leo M. Brieske, started amount available from tax anticipa its investigation. Before it could get tion warrants. Another mistake of well under way the mayor made his $3,500.59 was made. Col. Ellicott recommendations to the council of stated , in estimating the balance new appointees to the school board. orivable from 1926 taxes, and the $685,- Daily News Dec. 8, 1926 These were referred to Ald. Brieske's committee. And now, it is charged, 000 explures for August wero ig nored in she calculations. some members of the committee have The total of alleged mistakes turned the inquiry into a fight against counts up to $4,815000, he said. Mad been claimed that instead of en tering upon 1927 with a deficit , that SCHOOL FUND MIXUP Superintendent William McAndrew despite the efforts of the teachers' representatives to leave him out of the board of education would have a the affair until the financial dis- nexende ! fund of $4,500,000 EXPLAINED BYDEVER crepancies have been settled. In clearing up the controversy the mayor admitted that the information DailyNews Oct.5,1926 upon which he based his assertion of a deficit appears, in the light of later SHOWS SCHOOL FINANCES Anticipated Deficit Based on developments, to be misinformation. "It looks as though there will be AS REPLY TO MISS HALEY a surplus at the end of the year, " Misinformation, Mayor said the mayor , " and I'm as happy President Edyard B. Elifcott of the about that as anybody else. I received Declares. my information from Col. Ellicott . board of education in a letter mall. today to Mayor Dever dentes the It's possible, of course, that he was charge maor by Margaret A. Haley misinformed. It may have been that business representative of the Chicago Mayor Dever to-day cleared up the employes, in figuring the board's much of the controversy that has re- finances, wanted to be ultraconserva- Teachers' federation, that the school tive in order to be certain that the board would have a balance in its sulted from conflicting statements board would get through the year." treasury of $4,502,545 Dec. 31, 1936. I made regarding the amount of money Sure Statement Was Honest. has been mainly on the basis of Miss that will be in the school board's edu- The mayor was certain, he said, that Haley's figures that the teachers have cational fund at the end of the year. neither he nor Col. Ellicott had been objected to the retrenchment policy of This controversy started when the purposely misinformed. Hints have the school board, holding that re mayor, talking before the joint tax been made that the misinformation trenchment is unnecessary if the boaru committee of the city council and may have been given by persons has a surplus. the board of education Aug. 3, said behind anxious atomovement have the city council get The president's letter points to for a tax rate that the school board would face a shrinkage of tax and interest esti increase for the schools. It is this mates from the figures given by Misa deficit of $3,500,000 Jan. 1, 1927. He tax rate increase that the Chicago Haley and brings out several deduc made it clear that he was giving these Teachers' federation is fighting. This tions not taken into consideration by figures on information furnished him issue was one of the factors that the teachers' union business agent. by the late Col. Edward B. Ellicott, caused the organization of the federa- "It is apparent that the balance ar then president of the board. tion twenty- six years ago. rived at by the computation submitted Instead of a tax rate increase the in the letter referred to [of Miss The figures contradicted a finan- teachers' federation wants an equaliza Haley) is about $4,800,000 too high . cial statement issued by President tion of the taxes based upon an ap Mr. Ellicott's letter concludes . Ellicott Feb. 18, showing that the praisal of property such as has just board would have a surplus of $3,000, been completed of the loop district. EXHBITX December 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 115 Dr. Schmidt Tells Aldermen He Belonged to Public School League Held Membership in Organization Which Supported Loeb Policies STENOGRAPHIC REPORT OF PORTION (The motion was amended as follows ) : OF PROCEEDINGS AT THE MEETING OF THE SECRETARY : The motion as you made it was THE COMMITTEE ON SCHOOLS, FIRE AND that we hear from the appointees to the School Board as made by the Mayor of Chicago in connection with the CIVIL SERVICE, HELD IN THE CITY COUN- message of the Mayor. CIL CHAMBER, CHICAGO, ON DECEMBER ALD . ARVEY: Well, suppose we cut that out and 16, 1926, AT 10:30 O'CLOCK, A. M.: say, relative to their appointment. ALD CLARK: Yes . Alderman Leo M. Brieske, the Chairman of the Com- ALD . CLARK : What was the motion ? mittee called the meeting to order at 10:50 o'clock ALD . ARVEY: That we hear from the appointees A. M., December 16, 1926, and presided as Chairman of the Mayor. of the meeting. (The motion was then put by the chairman and car- ried.) (At 10.45 the following occurred. ) : MR. BYRNE (Board Member) : Mr. Chairman, be- ALD . ARVEY: Well, I see that Dr. Otto L. Schmidt is here. You might ask him if he has anything to say. fore you start, Mr. Smietanka is a little late. We would like to have you defer calling the meeting- THE CHAIRMAN : Dr. Otto L. Schmidt . THE CHAIRMAN : Until he arrives ? DR . SCHMIDT : Mr. Chairman . MR . BRYNE : Until he arrives . * * * * * * * * THE CHAIRMAN: All right . DR. SCHMIDT: I am President of the Illinois State 10:50 Historical Society, President of the Mississippi Valley (Secretary Harrah called the roll. ) Historical Society; hold a position in the Grant Hospital Present, Aldermen, Brieske, Fick, Arvey, Clark, Nel- and in the Alexian Brothers Hospital, and innumerable son and Hoellen. others that I can't think of at the moment, that are of ALD . ARVEY: Quorum, Mr. Chairman ? minor importance . THE SECRETARY: Quorum present . Six members ALD . ARVEY : You never held a political office present. either by appointment or election ? THE CHAIRMAN : I counted seven . ALD . FRANKHAUSER : I am not on the Committee . DR . SCHMIDT : No. THE CHAIRMAN : The financial situation has been ALD . ARVEY: All these affiliations you mentioned deferred until Mr. Smietanka arrives . are with societies organized for the public good, where ALD . ARVEY : Mr. Chairman, may I ask whether you are paid no compensation for the performance of it is the intention of the Chairman to proceed with the duties involved ? the meeting pending the arrival of one or two other DR. SCHMIDT : Yes, sir. That is right. aldermen ? I understand there are two in the building. * * * * * * * * THE SECRETARY : There are four. ALD ARVEY : Are there four ? ALD . HOELLEN : You have given some thought to THE SECRETARY : Yes . the educational system of Chicago ? THE CHAIRMAN: Yes . DR. SCHMIDT : I have followed the system ever ALD . ARVEY: Mr. Chairman, I would like to be recognized at this time. In view of the fact that Mr. since I went to school and since. As a matter of fact, Smietanka is not here and unable therefore to continue to show my interest, I was a member of a certain league that existed here for a short time, the Public School with his presentation of the case of the School Board, the charges made as to the financial status of the Board, League, in about 1914. I now move that we take up for consideration- ALD . HOELLEN : And you kept up your affiliations MISS HALEY : Mr. Smietanka is here . there for how long ? ALD . ARVEY ( Continuing) : The message of the DR. SCHMIDT : Oh, this league ceased to exist after Mayor of Chicago, containing therein the appointees about a year. to the Board of Education . * * * * * * * * ALD . NELSON: I rise to a point of order, that there is no quorum present and you can't take up any motion . ALD . CLARK: Why, Mr. Chairman, I am entirely ALD . ARVEY: Then we won't take up anything. satisfied with the questions answered by Dr. Schmidt, ALD . FICK: I submit that we should wait until we but I did want to ask him about the policy of the School get a quorum . League. About what time was that organized, Doctor ? THE CHAIRMAN : The business will be deferred DR. SCHMIDT : About 1914. I have not thought until we get a quorum . of it since. They existed about a year, merely for the * * * * * * * * purpose of investigating the school system from the lay- (Roll call later showed Aldermen Mills, Kaindl, Cron- man's standpoint and getting records from over the son, Adamkewicz and Wilson present. ) country, all over the country . 116 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 ALD . CLARK : Was that during the Loeb contro- the question of discharging 68 teachers without a trial versy? was gone into ? DR. SCHMIDT : Yes . DR . SCHMIDT : I don't even remember that. It ALD . CLARK: What action did they take, if any, on was formed about that time and we had large objects the policies of Mr. Loeb and the then Board of Edu- in view, of making a canvass of the public schools of cation? the United States, and making comparisons, although , of course- DR. SCHMIDT: It supported him there . ALD . CRONSON : For what purpose, of making com- ALD . CLARK: It supported Mr. Loeb ? parisons, Doctor ? DR. SCHMIDT: It supported Mr. Loeb. DR. SCHMIDT : To get the benefits from other school ALD . CLARK : That is, his policies ? systems, and consequently to be better able to judge DR. SCHMIDT : Yes . our own . ALD . CLARK : One of the main questions at that ALD . CRONSON: Do you know why the league dis- time, if I remember rightly or correctly, was the fact organized or disbanded ? that 68 school teachers were discharged without any DR . SCHMIDT : Yes . trial . Do you remember that controversy ? ALD . CRONSON: Why ? DR. SCHMIDT : We did not go into those details at DR . SCHMIDT : It was a matter of money, mostly . the time. We existed only about a year. We were ALD . CRONSON : They had run out of funds ? more for the appointment of the school trustees . DR . SCHMIDT : Because these preparations would ALD . CLARK : For the re-appointment, wasn't it ? have required a great expense. DR. SCHMIDT : Which was up at that time . ALD . CRONSON : How was the league financed ? ALD . CLARK : For the re-appointment, was it not? DR. SCHMIDT : By private contributions . DR. SCHMIDT : No, not the re-appointment . ALD . CRONSON : Do you remember the names of ALD . CLARK : Of Mr. Loeb ? any of the members of the league ? DR . SCHMIDT : Some of that other that was never DR. SCHMIDT : Oh, the Mayor's brother- in-law, mentioned. Colonel Pelouze, was on it and Mr. Felt . ALD . CLARK : There was literature sent out through ALD . ARVEY: You men the then mayor , Mayor Chicago at that time in support of the policy of Mr. Thompson's brother- in-law ? Loeb? DR. SCHMIDT : Yes, at that time. And a gentleman DR . SCHMIDT : Yes . who-I forget his name at the moment, who is now in ALD . CLARK : Are you a member of the Union Detroit, Secretary of the Association of Commerce there was secretary. Mr. I forget his name. He League Club, Doctor ? is dead now. He lived on the North Shore Drive, was DR . SCHMIDT : I am . another member. There were about 12 or 15. ALD . CRONSON : Mr. Chairman, I wanted to ask ALD . NELSON : Was that Mr. Felt, president of the a question. Dr. Schmidt, while Alderman Clark was Illinois Manufacturers' Association ? asking you some questions you said that the purpose, DR. SCHMIDT : Yes, he was once . I believe, of the Public School League, was to go into the details of the school system, etc., at that time ? ALD . NELSON : Do you know whether Mr. Felt or Mr. Lee ever took a position on the question of the DR. SCHMIDT : Not of this school system alone . dual system of education ? ALD . CRONSON : No. I say of all the school sys- DR . SCHMIDT : I don't remember that. tems . ALD . NELSON : Do you understand what I mean by DR . SCHMIDT : It was our dual system of education ? ALD . CRONSON : At that time there was some con- DR. SCHMIDT : Oh , yes , yes . troversy about some 68 teachers having been discharged ALD . NELSON : A vocational education for work- without a trial, wasn't there. ing men's children- DR . SCHMIDT : That I don't remember . DR. SCHMIDT : Yes, I remember. ALD . CRONSON : Well, now, did you sign the re- ALD . NELSON : And an academic education for the port or were you a party to the report that recom- rich men's children . mended the carrying on of the Jacob Loeb policies ? DR. SCHMIDT : Yes ; I was . DR. SCHMIDT: Yes, but I don't remember very much about the special actions that were taken ex- ALD . CRONSON : And was one of those policies cepting one, that there was a certain opposition to some that they recommended the carrying on, the discharge of the appointees of Mayor Thompson. of school teachers, without giving them a trial ? ALD . CRONSON : Dr. Schmidt, what do you think DR . SCHMIDT : I don't remember that . of the policy of discharging teachers by wholesale, as ALD . CRONSON : Well, Dctor, did you study the it were, without a trial? report ? DR. SCHMIDT: It may or may not be necessary. DR . SCHMIDT : That is now 12 years ago and a It always depends on the individual case. good many a lot of water flowed over the mill since ALD . CRONSON : Don't you believe every individual then. ought to have a trial ? ALD . CRONSON : I appreciate that. Have you got DR . SCHMIDT: Well, there are sometimes a certain a copy of your report any place ? definite rule. I know one institution where they had DR . SCHMIDT : No. the age rule and they paid no attention to it and it got ALD . CRONSON : Do you remember whether or not to be rather bad for the institution and a large number December 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 117 were discharged at one time, a fair number. But that ALD . CRONSON : That may be . I don't know. was not in this city. ALD . CLARK : Now, Doctor, was that League dis- ALD . CRONSON : That is, were they discharged banded in 1915? or placed upon a pension? DR. SCHMIDT: I don't remember when, but it was DR. SCHMIDT: They were placed upon a pension . about 1914 or 1915 . But that was very much- ALD. CLARK: Didn't the League conduct a cam- ALD . CRONSON : There is a difference. paign for the appointment of Loeb as a member of the DR. SCHMIDT : Yes. Very much to the dissatis- Board ? Don't you remember that ? faction of some of the members . DR . SCHMIDT : I don't remember. ALD . CRONSON : I am not speaking about placing ALD . CRONSON : I wasn't a member of the League them upon a pension. I am speaking about discharg- and I remember that. ing them and not placing them on a pension, just sum- ALD . CLARK: Well, it was in 1917 , because I re- marily removing them from the payroll, wherever it member voting on it in the Council and he was re- may be, in the schools or private business, and not giv- appointed in 1917. He was reappointed by Thompson. ing them a pension of any kind. ALD. CRONSON: Well, what about that ? A couple DR. SCHMIDT : That depends on the system. It is of days after he was appointed he went out on a done in large businesses. It might also be appropriate rampage . for the school system. I won't say whether it is or not. ALD . TOMAN : Tell him why he did it. ALD . CRONSON: Well, Doctor, you believe in the THE CHAIRMAN : Are there any further aldermen civil service law, I take it, don't you ? that want to ask any questions ? DR. SCHMIDT : Yes . ALD . CLARK: I want to ask one more question. ALD . CRONSON : School teachers, of course, are Did your Public School League take any action on the appointed under the civil service law. appointment of Mr. Chadsey, who was Superintendent DR. SCHMIDT : The stricter the better. of Schools ? ALD . CRONSON: All right. That is all. DR. SCHMIDT: No. We had nothing to do with it. ALD . ARVEY: Doctor, if the civil service laws pro- ALD . CLARK : That was after that, I guess . vide for the trial of a school teacher you have no objec- DR. SCHMIDT: Absolutely nothing. tion to giving that teacher a trial ? THE CHAIRMAN : Is that all? In behalf of the DR. SCHMIDT : None whatever. Committee and myself I want to thank you for being ALD . CRONSON: No, but also if they have a merit present and the patience and courtesy shown this com- system-I spoke about it as civil service, but it is a mittee . merit system . Don't you think she ought to be entitled DR. SCHMIDT : Thank you . to some kind of a trial ? * * * * * * * * DR. SCHMIDT: I think so. I would certainly make- ALD . KAINDL : Dr. Schmidt, you are thoroughly ALD. CRONSON: Then you approved the doctrine familiar with the present system of management over at of the Loeb administration, dropping 68 teachers ? the Board of Education, aren't you, in the light of your ALD . ARVEY : No. He didn't say that. That is affiliations with various civic organizations ? What I an unfair question. mean is, you know that the Board of Education is a ALD . CRONSON: Yes, he did say that. separate taxing body, don't you ? ALD . ARVEY: No, he did not. DR . SCHMIDT : I know that. ALD . CRONSON: Yes, he did. ALD . KAINDL : You know that we aldermen are held ALD . ARVEY: He did not remember whether that more or less responsible by our constituents for your was included. management, by our voting for members to the Board of ALD . CRONSON : Well, he said he approved of the Education. I don't know whether you are familiar with Loeb policies . the things that have occurred in the past, but it seems that the City Council hasn't had much co - operation from ALD . ARVEY : Yes, but he did not remember whether the members of the Board of Education after they have that was included. been confirmed by the City Council. On numerous occa- ALD . CRONSON: Yes , at that time. He said he sions we have requested the attendance of some of the signed that report and that was included in there. staff before our committee and were told that they could ALD . ARVEY : And your mayor, Mayor Thompson, not find time to appear. Now, in the event of your ap- re - appointed Loeb. pointment, or your confirmation to the appointment of ALD . CRONSON: Yes. After he was appointed, trustee, would you be willing to sit in with the Commit- then he went out and tried to do a lot of things . tee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service, to go into any investigation of School Board matters and then be ALD . ARVEY: This thing was organized in 1914 guided by that investigation or by the result of that in- and was disbanded the same year, wasn't it ? vestigation in your acts as a member of the School DR. SCHMIDT: Yes. Board? ALD . CRONSON : A lot of fellows get appointed, DR . SCHMIDT : No. like Mr. Loeb, to the School Board, and as soon as they ALD . KAINDL : You don't think you would ? are appointed they do what they want and go on a DR . SCHMIDT: I am willing always to meet the rampage . Committee on Schools and to hear their advice and their ALD . CLARK : Mr. Loeb, if I remember correctly, investigation, but not any direction from them, because was re-appointed in 1917 as a member of the Board I believe the School Board is nominated for the purpose of Education . of being a superior body for the control of the schools. 118 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 If it weren't, it might be left in the hands of a commit- DR. SCHMIDT : I had hoped to hear Superintendent tee of the Aldermen . McAndrew speak on that subject this morning. ALD . KAINDL : But we in a measure share respon- ALD . KAINDL: You have not given any thought to sibility; don't you think so ? our junior high school system ? DR. SCHMIDT : The responsibilities are all-vary greatly. They may be of a high type, intellectual, with DR. SCHMIDT : I have, some. a civic object at the back of the action or they may be ALD . KAINDL: Have you any fixed ideas on that ? of an ordinary political type. ALD . KAINDL : Yes. That is true. I suppose some DR. SCHMIDT : No. That is the purpose of devoting aldermen in order to obtain a little publicity may hang time to it, when one is first appointed, to study that situ- ation. on to some political move for the purpose of conducting some investigation into the School Board system. Is ALD . KAINDL : You feel that if- that what you have in mind ? DR. SCHMIDT : I am not going to study it before- DR. SCHMIDT : No, not alone that. Yes. But, ac- hand and go into all the fine details. cording to your question, you want, or you believe that the School Board members should be a sort of rubber ALD . KAINDL: You feel, if appointed, or if your stamp. appointment is concurred in by the Council and you are ALD . ΚΑINDL : No. made a member of the School Board, that you would devote your entire time, if necessary, or as much as is DR. SCHMIDT : That was the impression that I think necessary for the best interests of the school children I got from your question. and the taxpayers, I suppose ? ALD . KAINDL: I have this in mind, Doctor. There DR . SCHMIDT : As much as is necessary, and within is now a question as to whether the platoon system is a one's powers. good system . There is a question as to whether the ALD . KAINDL : Yes . That is all I wish to ask. junior high school system is a good system. We have been informed by a number of people that they did not ALD NELSON : Mr. Chairman . get the consideration that they thought they were en- THE CHAIRMAN : Alderman Nelson. titled to by the School Board, and have come to the ALD . NELSON : I had not intended to ask and I do City Council. The City Council is now conducting an investigation into these matters . Just how soon we not intend to ask any specific questions as to school will be through with it, I don't know. But I feel that in policy, but this question occurred to me as Alderman a matter of that kind, that any man or woman who is Kaindl was directing questions to you, Doctor. going to be a member of the Board of Education ought If you were seated on this side of the table with the to be guided by such an investigation, or the results of duty imposed upon you by law to confirm or reject such an investigation. If the investigation shows that nominees for this important office, don't you think that the platoon system and the junior high school system until this committee has had an opportunity to complete are good, naturally they want to continue it. If they an investigation, Doctor, as to this platoon system or find that they are not so good, then I think that the the junior high school system that the members ought to members of the Board of Education might use their defer action ? efforts to discontinue; don't you think so ? I have this thought in mind : Suppose I put it this DR . SCHMIDT : No. way. Assume that this Committee this morning had ALD . KAINDL : You still feel- completed the investigation of the platoon system and DR . SCHMIDT: As I stated before, the Board of had found as the result of that investigation that the Education is a superior body, they are appointed for the health of the children was being impaired, that their purpose of making a special study of the schools and educational possibilities, or that is, their educational de- acting accordingly. velopment was being impaired by that system, don't you ALD . KAINDL : Then, according to your way of think that we ought to ask the nominee what he thinks , thinking, the City Council is the rubber stamp ? in abstract, regarding such system ? DR . SCHMIDT : No. DR . SCHMIDT : Yes . ALD . KAINDL : We merely have got to concur in the ALD . NELSON : That is all. appointment of the Board Members and then let the * * * * * * * * Board members do as they see fit. THE CHAIRMAN : Alderman Clark ? DR . SCHMIDT: Not entirely. It depends on har- monious action. ALD . BOWLER : I think that the members of the ALD . KAINDL : How would that harmonious action City Council and the people of Chicago are very glad- be brought about if you would not be willing to sit in THE CHAIRMAN : A little louder, Alderman. with the Committee and consider these things ? ALD . BOWLER : I will get louder as I go along. I DR. SCHMIDT : I beg your pardon. I stated before generally do. that I would be willing to sit in at any time, but I would not be willing to take a direct order on anything -are very happy to think that you have been picked as a member of the Board of Trustees, but the aldermen that would be contrary to my best understanding and conscience . of the City Council, although not educators, are being educated by the people of their wards . ALD . KAINDL: Have you given any thought to the * * * * * * * * platoon system, Doctor ? DR. SCHMIDT : I have read of it from the beginning. ALD. BOWLER : The law says we have nothing at all I haven't any well- defined settled thought on that. to do with the school system. That is true. But when ALD . KAINDL: And the junior high school system ? the people, who are really the boss of the aldermen and December 16, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 119 of the trustees, come to us and say that after they go to the Board of Education that they receive no-I won't say to the Board of Education, but to the Superintendent of Schools, and say that they receive not even a proper ENRICI'S is famous no less hearing; when the Mayor's office has been filled with H thousands of mothers and fathers at different times dur- for the enduring and deep ing the last two years and they claim that they do not receive the proper consideration over at the Board of friendships it has won than Education, then they say, whom can we go to ? They go to the only one that they know, the alderman of the for the quality of the foods ward, and they come to him in droves. They want to it serves and for the great know what he is going to do. Principals of schools at Parent-Teachers' meetings volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- make the assertion that the alderman is not doing any- day, before the matinee, it is the great thing for the school children. That is the reason that we aldermen feel that we are held responsible for the action central meeting place . of the Board. I don't think that there is any new mem- ber of the trustees that has gone into the platoon system or has gone into any of the other different theories that Mr. McAndrew has tried to put into effect or is putting into effect. The one thing that stands out in my mind is this fact: The Board of Education at the present time have said that they have not concurred in many of the HENRICI'S plans that the Superintendent of Schools has now sent WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT broadcast throughout Chicago. Do you believe that in this country we should have a 67 W. Randolph St. Czar on the school question, that he himself, all alone, should have jurisdiction over all of the schools, changing Between Dearborn and Clark Streets them the way he feels, the way he thinks, without taking the matter up with the people who are entrusted with those duties, the trustee of the School Board ? Would No orchestral din you as a member of the School Board-this is my ques- tion-would you as a member of the School Board allow the Superintendent of Schools to put through any drastic closed, a situation which now confronts other cities in change without it being concurred in by yourself and this State. the members of the Board of Trustees ? Before there can be cooperation with the County DR. SCHMIDT: It depends on the word " Czaristic" Board and City Council in the program for scientific if it is done in a Czaristic and absolutely autocratic way, appraisal and a fair and uniform equitable assessment that is one thing. If it is done after due conviction of of real estate for 1927 the question of the actual con- my own understanding, it is another matter. In other dition of the Educational Fund for 1927 should be set- tled and settled now. If unhampered, unimpeded, and words, I would act free and independent, according to uncoerced, the Council Committee on Schools can be my own judgment in anything of that kind; and should it not agree with my judgment I would, of course, op- depended upon to do this and do it without delay; be- cause the retention of the Aldermen in their office is pose it. * * * dependent upon satisfactory service to the taxpayers and parents in their wards . Because of your prompt and satisfactory handling of the inadvertent error in the Daily News of December 2; PROGRESS IN INVESTIGATION the fair presentation in the Daily News of December 13 (Continued from Page 107) of the position of members of the City Council from their own view point; your approval (conveyed to me in our The misrepresentations as to the facts concerning the 'phone conversation on December 4) of a scientific, uni- condition of the Educational Fund for 1926, revealed form appraisal of the real estate of Cook County as a by the investigation of the Council. Committee on basis for the 1927 quadrennial assessment ; the encourag- Schools, would undoubtedly defeat a referendum on the ing reports in the newspapers of the last few days of tax rate increase had the City Council been stampeded, progress by President Cermak toward the accomplish- through such misrepresentations, into submitting that ment of the County Board's pre- election program for proposition to the people. Such defeat would be a a such appraisal and assessment ; and because the mat- great misfortune to the schools. It will be still more ters here presented appear to me not to be clearly ap. unfortunate to have further conflicting statements in prehended by the public, I have gone very fully into regard to the Educational Fund for 1927 made the basis these matters in regard to the investigation by the of a campaign during 1927 for a tax rate referendum . Schools Committee of the City Council of the condi- Such a campaign will certainly prevent the cooper- tion of the Educational Fund of the Board of Education ation essential to obtain a fair and equitable assessment requested in the communication of the Chicago Teachers' in 1927 while laying the foundation for the defeat of Federation of September 15. a tax rate referendum should the equitable assessment I am sending a copy of this letter to Mayor Dever. program fail to produce the needed revenue. Both Yours sincerely, avenues for getting the revenue necessary would then be Signed-MARGARET A. HALEY . 120 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 16, 1926 How would you like PLASTIC AND PAINTEX PAINTING Your Felt or Straw Hats Have you taken advantage of the features offered Reblocked in our HANDICRAFT STUDIO ? Free instruction is given by Miss Sheeley who has been so success- into up-to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- ful in developing the possibilities of fabric decora- servative styles. Small or extremely large tion with Paintex and Plastic Paint. Jesso, is also headsizes . We have them. We are manu- taught, and an unusually varied line of wooden facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- articles admirably suited to this decorative art is ready for your selection. ing Department has access to the best shapes. A trial will convince you of our efficient service . Artist Materials and Picture Frames Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. FAVOR, RUHL & CO . Home of the Artist 425 S. Wabash Avenue Second Floor 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg . John J. Moran, Pres . Now Is the Time to Select Your Frank X. Glasen, Vice-Pres . PHONE STATE 4177 Mrs. Henry J. Piggott, Secy. Fur Coat Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at John J. MoranIncorporated STAEDTER'S FASHIONABLE FURS STORAGE- REMODELING-REPAIRING 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. Room 803 Garland Bldg., 58 E. Washington St. , Chicago. MACLEAN COLLEGE of and Music, Dramatic Speech Arts "The Little College" for particular people. Vocal Art, Musical Comedy , Stage Craft Expression. Public Speaking, Dramatic Art. MissDutton A perfectly equipped miniature theater for practical work Excellent Instructors, Individual Attention, Convenient Location, Enter at Any Time, DR. J. C. MACLEAN Promotional Credits for Teachers Director Music Dept. M. CATHERINE LYONS Director Speech Arts Dept. Greets You 2835 S. Michigan Ave. Phone Victory 7514 CHICAGO and thanks you heartily for your generous, loyal patronage New Fall Styles Now on Display All the popular furs-in the newest designs. Siegel&Barth Prices that please. INC. ONTRA CAFETERIA FUR MFRS 123 N. Wabash Ave. 231 S. Wabash Ave. 1004 Wilson Ave. 39 So. State St. Dear. 6023 and 3359 DISTINCTIVE PERMANENT 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR WAVING SpecialAppointment Time SetAside for Teachers Buy from one who KNOWS values, and will give you an honest deal Anne Heathcote Studio F. RANKE FUR CO. 608 Republic Building-209 South State Street Telephone Harrison 9060 Second floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 FRANCES Specializes in Cutting Curly Hair SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS ORSETS PENCER CORSETS Gossard Corsets We create a design C Lingeriz EICHORN 72 E. Madison NOR SPACE RATES For these Snappy Little Ads S especially for you . 1308 Venetian Bldg. 15 E. Washington St. State 6686 URS ALL FURS NEWEST STYLES F Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. DearbornSt. Phone Central 3904 ECRETARIAL TRAINING Day and evening classes, individual F REMODELING CLEANING, REPAIRING FANCHON L. TROEGER , Inc. 4th floor Republic Bldg., State atAdams,Wab. 5555 S and small group instruction. Chicago Secretarial School Formerly Chicago School of Typing 21 E. Van Buren St. Har. 6450 18 NO . IV MargaretHaley's 7 7 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . December 31, 1926 XHE king says, I rule T for all; the judge says , I judge for all; the soldier says, I fight for all; the merchant says, I trade for all ; the priest says , I pray for all; the working man says , " I pay for all. " -John Ruskin . 00 122 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 Belusive bag nog Expensive ADiscount of Teachers Specially Invited ILLUSTRATED LECTURE to MurrayBlackCo. 10% 21 N. Wabash Ave. Allowed to School Teachers and Travelogue Ground Floor Between Madison and Washington FINAL Yellowstone National Park Zion and Grand Canyon National Parks CHICAGO'S Murray- SALE Bryce Canyon National Monument GREATEST Black Furs Are The Department of Tours of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway and Union Pacific System have arranged for a lec- Guaranteed ture on the above national playgrounds to be given in Chi- cago on January 18th, 19th, 21st and 28th, at 8:15 Р. М. Lecture is illustrated by motion pictures and beautiful hand FUR colored slides . Chicago Teachers may attend this lecture without cost. Write, phone or call the Department of Tours, 148 South Clark St. , Chicago, for complimentary tickets. Telephone number is Dearborn 2323. Local 290. CLEARANCE Three Great Groups ASale without prece- Are you fat ? If so, reduce by the famous dent! Just 150 Finer Sample Fur Coats GARDNER METHOD placed 00 Sale at Three Great Prices! $100 A Small Values to $ 300 Deposit Holds Your 611-612 Capitol Bldg., 159 N. State St. Northern Seals Choice Muskrat Coats Rid yourself of fat and obtain splendid health and vitality. Inex- pensive. Positive results. No druga. Highest endorsements. (Mention Haley's Bulletin) Caracul Krimmers Squirrelette Coats Mink-Marmot $125 Bronze Caracul Coats Opossum and many more Buy with Confidence Superfluous Hair Trimmed with Costly Furs, including Fox, $150 Murray - Black Co. guarantees every gar- Can positively be forever destroyed Squirrel, Mink, Fitch, ment to give utmost Krimmer, Wolf, etc. satisfaction. Reliable Ihavebeenin business for many years-and Iguarantee my work skins, highest grade Every Coat Guaranteed of workmanship. See 2-Year Free Repair them and be con- Martha B. Dowdy 2-Year Free Storage vinced. Dearborn 5397 Mallers Bldg., 5 S. Wabash NoApprentices Not aBeautySchool REDUCING MASSAGE MISS ELIN GUSTAVSON'S Massage and Exercise Studio Corrective Gymnastics for Developing and Reducing Room 1314 Venetian Building For Ladies Only 15 East Washington Street For Space Rates Office Phone: Dearborn 4777 Apply Delicious Cooking Charming Surroundings Moderate Prices Margaret Service from 8A.M. to 12 P.M. Luncheon $0.60 Haley's Dinner 1.00 Sunday Dinner 1.25 Bulletin JULIA KING'S 30 Tea Room 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET Suite 1331-5 127 North Dearborn BARNARD &MILLER Phone: Central 3904 Law &Commercial Printers 172 N. LA SALLE STREET / CHICAGO TelephoneFranklin 0562 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL . 4. No. 7 December 31 , 1926 Page 123 "Robins and Morons " Educational Magazine Discusses Intelligence Tests INTELLIGENCE TEST The test was short, Succumbed at last without a sound, The test was fair. Sank lifeless down upon the ground, He scratched his head, They opened up his head and found He pulled his hair ; Excelsior ! Of no avail- -Exchange . There's nothing there. Shakespeare in his day said that all the gence Quotient, eliminating him entirely from the world was a stage. Moron class. One can with comparative ease teach a child so that he can pass a Terman- Binet, or any kin- His spirit stalking abroad today has prob- dred intelligence test, with a creditable Intelligence ably decided that all the world is an intelli- Quotient. gence test. Next September children will face an Intelligence Test Following is the opinion of the Journal of and will be classed either as Bluebirds or Robins, stand Education on intelligence tests as expressed in high or stand low in their class rating dependent upon whether or not their mothers used the equipment given an editorial, "Robins and Morons," published in the American Magazine, September, 1926. in the November 1, 1926, issue : The Morons will have been unfortunate in not having Teachers of the entering class now divide children into had mothers who knew enough to secure and use the two classes, Bluebirds and Robins. The Bluebirds are Bluebird preparation for the Intelligence Test. the children who know their letters, and the Robins do This is not primarily an affair of Intelligence Tests, not. but it is suggestive of the importance of estimating in The reason the Bluebirds know their letters is because school work on the basis of the home-help or non-help of the pupil's preparation for school work, especially for their mothers have seen to it that they do. school examinations . Universities are wrestling with the The distinction has nothing whatever to do with in- same problems. Home coaching is as unfair as pro- telligence or ability of the children who are Bluebirds fessional college coaching . and Robins, but it does distinguish between the mothers There are many things which should be known be- who were Bluebirds and Robins . fore we classify Bluebirds and Robins, high Intelligence The American Magazine for September, 1926, has a Quotients and Morons . complete equipment for a child's getting a high Intelli- Editorial, Journal of Education, Nov. 1, 1926 MAYBE IT WASN'T CHRISTMAS GENERALLY SPEAKING Ellen, four, had just returned home after I wish , Johnny, you'd stop reaching for her first morning in kindergarten. things at the table. Haven't you a tongue ! "Well," asked her mother, "how did you like Yes, Muvver, but my arm's longer. it?" " I didn't like it at all," she replied. " The AND SHE DID woman put me on a chair and told me to wait there for the present ” A little school girl boarded a Boston street "Well," interrupted her mother, "wasn't car and handed the conductor her school fare . that all right ? " "What is your age, Miss ?" asked the conduc- "But, " continued Ellen, "she never gave me tor. The little girl replied , "If the corpora- any present ! "-Children, The Magazine for tion doesn't object, I'll pay full fare and keep Parents . my own statistics . " 124 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 From theMasthead There are one or two things I should just like to hint, For you don't often get the truth Told you in print . --James Russell Lowell. To the Teachers of Chicago: Encouraging and noteworthy progress has all lands and buildings as a preliminary step been made since the date of the last Bulletin, toward a scientific, equitable and uniform December 16, toward the establishment of a quadrennial re-assessment of real estate in basis for co-operation by the Public School 1927. System with the Board of County Commis- The Bureau of Public Efficiency makes the sioners and the City Council in the program following statements in regard to its estimate for a scientific appraisal of all the lands and of the resources of the Educational Fund in buildings in Cook County as a preliminary 1927 : step to a uniform and equitable quadrennial "The foregoing estimate of resources is reassessment of real estate in 1927 : conservative. It does not take into account (1) The City Treasurer's office shows that any increase in assessed valuations in either the Board of Education closes its accounts to- 1926 or 1927. It is highly probable that, what- day, December 31, 1926, with approximately ever may be the outcome of the present efforts $5,200,000 of surplus in the educational fund of school authorities to add to the total of -cash and borrowing power-to start the new such valuations in 1926, the quadrennial re- year 1927 . assessment of real estate in 1927 will add sub- stantially to the total of present valuations. (2) The Bureau of Public Efficiency, as a To the extent that such total is increased, the result of its survey of the Finances of the Board of Education is benefited as to ultimate Board of Education, issued a report on De- tax collection . cember 22, showing the above $5,200,000 of "The surplus in the educational fund De- surplus on January 1, 1927, and showing, in addition thereto, that the resources of the edu- cember 31, 1926, will be approximately $10,- cational fund available in 1927 are adequate 515,162, of which about $5,200,000 will be im- to carry the expenditures for the year 1927 mediately available for payrolls and other ex- upon the basis of the present salary rates and penses of the month of January, 1927. As other existing conditions, with reasonable al- soon as the City Council passes the 1927 ap- lowance for increase in expenditures because propriation and tax levy ordinances, ad- of growth of school membership and expan- ditional anticipation tax warrants can be is- sion of school activities ; that the resources sued from month to month, as money is of the educational fund during the year 1927 needed, until the new loans reach a total of should aggregate not less than $42,000,000, more than $27,000,000 . In the meantime, re- and that the total expenditures for 1927 will ceipts from the State distributive fund, from probably not exceed $41,850,000. the rental of school fund property, from the collection of the portion of the 1926 tax levy . (3) The Finance Committee of the Board of against which loans were not made, and from Cook County Commissioners, on December 30, various other sources will be received by the recommended to the Board the adoption of Board, until all the resources for the year are President Cermak's Report and Recommenda- in hand. Such resources should aggregate not tions for securing a county-wide appraisal of less than $42,000,000." December 31, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 125 In issuing this report at this time, which is in regard to the disposition of these padded preliminary to a fuller report to follow, the estimates of the "experts" was interrupted on Bureau makes this statement : December 16, on motion of Alderman Arvey, "Recent discussions relative to the condi- in order to hear from the Mayor's nominees for the Board of Education . The names of tion of the educational fund, from which teachers' salaries and operating expenses of these nominees were sent to the City Council on November 24. the schools are largely paid, have raised the question, among others, as to the adequacy of The statement by one of these nominees, the fund to finance immediate future demands Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, before the Schools Com- upon it. In view of the wide spread public mittee, on December 10, relative to his support interest in this question, the Bureau presents of the policies of Jacob M. Loeb, was printed the following statement concerning it." in the December 16 Bulletin . In this issue is The misrepresentations as to the facts con- printed a letter, dated December 27, from the cerning the resources and expenditures of the Business Manager of the Chicago Teachers' educational fund in 1926 and 1927 now under Federation to Mayor Dever, explaining the investigation by the Council Committee on meaning of "Loeb policies ." Schools , make this Report of the Bureau of The statements of parents who appeared Public Efficiency a timely document. before the Council Committee on December 18, Estimates of 1927 expenditures of the edu- in regard to another nominee, Mrs. Hefferan, cational fund based on data and calculations are printed in this issue of the Bulletin . furnished by the so-called financial " experts" The announcement in the public press after of the Board of Education now before the the meeting of the Schools Committee of the Council Committee on Schools, reproduced City Council on December 2, that there would photographically in the December 16 issue of be a $5,000,000 surplus in the educational fund the Bulletin, show at least $3,300,000 of pad- on December 31, 1926, showed that those ding in one item alone, namely, the cost of school patrons had been misinformed who opening 32 new schools in 1927. were urged to get after their aldermen to vote Others may accept these estimates of the to submit a tax rate increase last April and "experts " concerning the resources and ex- again last November, in order to prevent the penditures of the educational fund for 1927 ; closing of schools, or curtailing of vital school but the teachers of Chicago, who are compelled activities during 1926. That propaganda fell to make little children check and prove and of its own weight when the newspapers an- get 100 per cent daily, should not be expected nounced a $5,000,000 surplus instead of the to accept any estimates of these expensive previously advertised $3,500,000 deficit. Since “experts ." the appearance of this report of the Bureau Assuming that the report of the Bureau of of Public Efficiency any further attempts to Public Efficiency is correct and reliable, there keep up that kind of propaganda during 1927 is no warrant for any attempt to stampede would be so palpably futile that it is fair to the City Council during 1927 to put the tax assume that it will not even be attempted be- rate increase on the ballot in order to take cause of its utter futility, if for no other rea- care of the needs of the schools in 1927. This son . report should put an end to "expert" padding The splendid program of President Cermak of estimates (alias "duplications") and "ex- of the Board of Cook County Commissioners, pert " guessing at income . which program will be before the County Drastic curtailments of vital school activi- Board for its approval at its meeting on Janu- ties were made at the beginning of the school ary 4, furnishes a reasonable, workable basis year in September, 1926, without action by for the cooperation of the Public School Sys- the Board of Education ; the reason given in tem with the City Council and the Board of the official bulletins announcing these curtail- County Commissioners for securing the needed ments was shortage of school funds for the revenue for the schools , for the City and for year 1926. It is now publicly known that these the County, through a uniform, equitable quad- curtailments were not necessary, nor will rennial re- assessment of the real estate of Chi- further curtailments be necessary for 1927, cago and Cook County in 1927. according to this report of the Bureau of Pub- lic Efficiency. Action on the report of the sub-committee of the Schools Committee of the City Council, signed by Aldermen Nelson, Clark and Arvey, Morjenta. Hary 126 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 City Council Takes No Action on Appointees to School Board Mayor Says He Did Not Know Dr. Schmidt Supported Loeb Policies No action on the mayor's appointees for to questions asked by members of the Schools Committee members of the Board of Education was of the Council on December 16. The questions which the members of that Committee put to Dr. Schmidt more taken by the City Council at its meeting than once had to do with the discharge of teachers with- Wednesday, December 29 . out trial or hearing on charges : Owing to the illness of several members of QUESTION : Dr. Schmidt, what do you think of the Council Committee on Schools, Fire and the policy of discharging teachers by wholesale, as Civil Service, the hearing scheduled for Dec. it were, without a trial? DR. SCHMIDT : It may or may not be necessary. 30, a continuation of previous meetings in It always depends upon the individual case. which the financial status of the Board of QUESTION : Don't you believe every individual Education and the attitude of the mayor's ap- ought to have a trial ? pointees regarding educational policies were DR. SCHMIDT: Well, there is sometimes a defi- nite rule . being inquired into, was postponed to Jan- QUESTION : I am speaking about discharging uary 6. them and not placing them on a pension, just sum- In a letter dated December 27, 1926, ad- marily removing them from the pay roll wherever dressed to the mayor, the business represent- it might be, in the schools or private business, and ative of the Chicago Teachers' Federation not giving them a pension of any kind. sought to impress upon the mayor the im- DR. SCHMIDT: That depends on the system. It is done in large businesses. It might also be portance of certain utterances made by Dr. proper in the school system. I won't say whether Otto L. Schmidt, proposed Board member. it is or not. Dr. Schmidt in a hearing of the Council Com- These questions and answers show what I tried to mittee on Schools , had said that he supported explain to you last Wednesday, that Dr. Schmidt's ref- the Loeb policies when Loeb was president of erence above to "a definite rule" seems to carry a dan- gerous significance when taken in connection with his the Board of Education . The letter points acknowledged support of the Loeb policies in the past out the relationship between the Loeb policies and his attitude toward the discharge of teachers at the and the present Emeritus Rule of the Board present time. of Education and other policies of this Board. I tried to explain to you Wednesday that the litigation Copies of the letter were sent to members that followed the adoption December 9, 1925, by the present Board of Education, of the so - called Emeritus of the City Council preceding its meeting of rule of the Board of Education, has already resulted in December 29 . a decision by Judge Friend in the Armstrong case which, Following is the letter : if confirmed by the Supreme Court, will give the Board December 27, 1926. of Education power to dismiss teachers without trial, Mayor William E. Dever, charges , hearing or notice, merely by the adoption of City Hall, Chicago. rules of conduct and efficiency. The so- called Loeb rule Dear Mayor Dever : adopted by the Board September 1, 1915, was a rule of This letter is to clear up some of the controversies re- conduct. It made it cause for fine, suspension and re- ferred to and growing out of our few minutes' informal moval for a teacher to belong to any organization that conversation last Wednesday, December 22, when you had officers who were not members of the teaching force. spoke to me across the balcony rail in the rear of the By this rule Miss Goggin and I were outlawed and she City Council Chamber while the photographers were tak- died an outlaw. The other provision of the Loeb rule ing the pictures of the school children and the Aldermen which forbade affiliation with labor was promulgated and just before the Council meeting. You began by saying advertised for public consumption, but the teeth and that you had received and read my letter of that morn- claws of the Loeb rule were in the provision that for- ing, also the statement accompanying that letter setting bade the teachers to maintain an organization that had forth briefly the " Loeb Policies"; and that you had read officers not under the control of the Board of Educa- the printed leaflet I had previously sent you on Decem- tion. It was for this reason that John Fitzpatrick ad- ber 18, containing Dr. Otto L. Schmidt's statement to vised the Chicago Teachers' Federation to withdraw the Schools Committee of the City Council, in which he from the Chicago Federation of Labor and force the said that he supported the Loeb policies when Loeb fight on the real issue of the Loeb rule the right of the was president of the Board. teachers to organize. I call your attention to the fact that the particular John Fitzpatrick knew that the Loeb rule was in- Loeb policy on which the members of the Council Schools tended to break up the organization of the Chicago Committee questioned Dr. Schmidt was the discharge of Teachers' Federation; that the important thing to the teachers without trial. The printed leaflet to which you teachers was to preserve their organization. referred is a pre-print of four pages of my Bulletin of The hostility in the present Board of Education to December 16 and consists of excerpts from the steno- the Chicago Teachers' Federation is no secret. The con- graphic record of Dr. Schmidt's statements and replies firmation of Dr. Schmidt will be notice served on the December 31 , 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 127 teachers that the sentiment in favor of the Loeb policies, furnish you a copy of the 70 pages, here are some of the known to exist in the Board of Education now, will be high spots in the information that I gave Judge Horner : reinforced. It needs no reinforcement by the addition Before Loeb dropped the 68 teachers on June 27, 1916, of men openly and professedly supporters of Loeb and his Board, at his request, on June 21 , 1916, rescinded the Loeb policies. the Meritorious Service Rule which for more than 25 I wish to call your attention to the statement by a years had protected the Chicago teachers from dismissal prominent member of the Bar Association as to the without notice. Loeb had previously, on Sept. 1, 1915, origin of the Emeritus rule, as printed in my Bulletin "persuaded" the Board to adopt the odious Loeb rule of November 16, 1926, marked copy of which I send you which prescribed membership in the Chicago Teachers' herewith. It shows that the teachers, and their tenure Federation, the only organization of Chicago Teachers law, were sacrificed and traded off to preserve “har- that had intelligence enough to maintain officers that mony" between the present Superintendent and the were not members of the teaching force to do their fight- present Board of Education at a time when they were ing for them so they could teach. After the adoption close to a break over the re-election of Campbell for of that Loeb Rule, Loeb boasted that he had stuck the Examiner-that the so-called Emeritus rule was a com- knife into the Chicago Teachers' Federation and was promise plan hatched in the Union League Club, at the only waiting until the blood ran out. Some of the utter- expense of the teachers and their tenure; and that if ances of members of the present Board, notably those the Supreme Court affirms the opinion of Mr. Righeimer, of Mrs. Hefferan and Mr. Julius F. Smietanka, during which Judge Friend adopted, the hard-won right of the the investigation of the condition of the educational teachers to notice, charges and trial before dismissal fund, now in progress before the Schools Committee, may be lost. have been scarcely less vindictive toward the Chicago Dr. Schmidt's statements to the Council Committee Teachers' Federation than the utterances of Jacob Loeb . show that he is a member of the Union League Club One of Loeb's favorite indoor sports was attempting and his implied reference in that statement to that to cut teachers ' salaries . As Chairman of the Commit- Emeritus rule seems more than a mere coincidence . tee on Efficiency and Economy of the Board of Educa- To refresh your memory concerning the letter which tion, in the spring of 1915, Loeb brought to a meeting was delivered to you by my messenger, on the morning of that Committee a number of girls who were working of December 9, 1925, ( before the Board adopted that in Julius Rosenwald's establishment, Sears, Roebuck & Emeritus rule that afternoon) , I am enclosing a copy of Co., as witnesses to prove that teachers' salaries were that letter. You were unable last Wednesday to recall then too high. The maximum salary was then $1,260.00 that letter. I told you in that letter that morning be- for elementary teachers. fore that Emeritus rule was adopted, that if adopted it In May, 1915, Loeb recommended a 712 % cut in teach- would make Jacob Loeb look like a piker and the teach- ers' salaries. The Chicago Teachers ' Federation called ers' tenure law like a ghastly joke. I reminded you that a mass meeting of teachers in the Olympic Theatre after you called Miss Abbe, President of the Federation, at which Loeb admitted that he had lost enough votes on her school, and discussed my letter to you with her, al- the Board to defeat his salary cut. though I never received any acknowledgment of its re- At the hearing before that fake Senate Commission of ceipt. 1915 which was the stage set to make his brutal fight The briefs in the Emeritus rule cases were filed last against the Chicago Teachers' Federation, the fact that week in the Supreme Court; and the Supreme Court the Federation had prevented that salary cut was one heard oral arguments on both of these cases last week. of Loeb's most serious charges against the Federation. I have gone into this fully because you seemed sur- Another serious charge which he presented was that prised to know of the litigation that followed the enact- the teachers had worked in Springfield to secure the ment of the Emeritus rule by the Board under which increase in the educational fund granted by that legis- 74 principals and teachers were summarily removed on lature. January 31, 1926, without trial, charges or notice. These are some of the Loeb policies which I explained As I told you in my letter of last Wednesday, Decem- to Judge Horner on May 2, 1923, after hearing which ber 22, when Dr. Schmidt announced to the Council Com- Judge Horner asked me to forget that he had called. I mittee on Schools his support of the Loeb policies, I told him the Chicago Teachers' Federation was not in asked for time and opportunity to present to that com- the business of cultivating "forgetteries.” mittee information in regard to these policies and their The survivors of the 68 teachers who were dropped meaning as exemplified in the present Emeritus Rule of by Loeb in 1916 and the thousands of other teachers who the Board and the litigation resulting therefrom. sympathized and suffered with them, received the Christ- I have been refreshing my memory by reading the mas issue of my Bulletin containing the statement that numerous and voluminous briefs filed in the Supreme Dr. Otto L. Schmidt before the Schools Committee of Court in these two Emeritus Rule cases (the Leland the City Council on December 16, 1926, stated that he mandamus case and the Armstrong injunction case). I was a member of the Public School League which sup- have also re- read the 70 pages of stenographic record ported Mr. Loeb and his policies, and that he signed the of the report I made to the Board of Managers of the report of that League which recommended the carrying Chicago Teachers ' Federation on May 11, 1923, when I out of those policies. Unlike Judge Horner, those teach- reported the visit of Judge Henry Horner to the Fed- ers needed no explanation of Loeb's policies to grasp eration office on May 2, 1923. Judge Horner came at the significance of Dr. Schmidt's statement when they your suggestion to hear from me why the teachers ob- read it in the Bulletin . jected to your appointing Jacob M. Loeb on the Board There is another Loeb policy that has not been for- of Education, as was requested of you at that time by gotten by the Chicago teachers who opposed and de- a committee of prominent Jewish citizens , headed by feated the passage by the 1913 legislature of the Pension Judge Horner. Bill presented by the Chicago Board of Education. The end of those 70 pages shows that I told you over That bill sought to transfer the control of the Chicago the telephone that I gave Judge Horner an ear full and Teachers ' Pension Fund from the teachers to the Board you replied, "I bet you did." As I did not at that time (Continued on Page 139) 128 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 Parents Tell Aldermen Experiences With Board of Education Mothers Say They Were Called " Bolsheviks ” and Threatened With Jail The attitude of members of the Board of representatives of the city government . Education, ( one of whom has been suggested Parents said that when delegations waited for reappointment by Mayor Dever) toward upon certain board members they were called parents who had complaints to register re- "Bolsheviks" and others said that they had garding school conditions, was told to the City been threatened with jail. One mother said Council Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil that she had never been insulted as she was Service at a hearing December 16, 1926. insulted by an employe of the Board of Edu- Mothers complained that although they had cation. been treated courteously when accompanied Following is their testimony as taken from by aldermen from their district, they were not the stenographic record of the hearing of so cordially received when they went without December 16 : EXCERPTS FROM STENOGRAPHIC REPORT OF two million two hundred thousand dollar junior high THE MEETING OF THE COMMITTEE ON school. There are about eighteen rooms vacant in the SCHOOLS , FIRE and civil seRVICE OF THE nearest elementary schools. Our children are in groups CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO, ON of portables up to the third grade and scattered to the SATURDAY, DECEMBER 18, A.D., 1926, AT 10:30 four winds above the third grade, walking long dis- O'CLOCK A. M. tances, paying car and bus fare, eating lunches at drug store counters , these little children from eight to twelve ALD . CLARK: Mr. Chairman, I think at the last years old. meeting of the Committee different individuals wanted Who is responsible for all this ? to be heard, but could not be heard because of a lack The Board of Education in the summer of 1925 took of time. I think Alderman Kanidl is right, they came away the site for the elementary school, five acres for down here today and probably would not get down next a playground and school site to build this palace, cover- Tuesday. I would like to suggest that the Chairman ing the entire block, in the face of the most bitter pro- ask how many representatives of individuals or organ- test, in the face of a petition signed by 3,321 people, izations want to be heard and if there are not so many, more than half of the registered voters . we can probably wait around a half an hour to hear them. How did they justify that ? I will read you here a letter of October 14, 1925, writ- THE CHAIRMAN: All those that wish to be heard ten to Mrs. Helen Hefferan, 6631 Harvard avenue, Chi- might rise. cago, Ill. This will explain what I am about to tell you. MR. MINWEGEN : This is going to take consider- "My dear Mrs. Hefferan , able time, I think. I do not know whether or not I made it clear to ALD . NELSON : Stand up so we get an idea how you on Monday evening that we had been sent by many want to be heard in connection with the consid- the Parents' Organization of the Eugene Field eration of these nominees. Do you want to be heard Branch , and they will expect a report on our in- standing in the gallery there ? ( Those in the audience terview at a public mass meeting . Thinking that that wanted to be heard, stood up as requested.) One, you might have made statements informally that two, three, four, five, six, seven. would not exactly convey your meaning to a large MR . MINWEGEN : Mr. Chairman, I will say for audience , I have written out what seemed to me your information I can come at any time you want me to be your attitude on the situation , which I am to come, it won't inconvenience me, or go ahead now, enclosing. I shall read this report at our next at your pleasure. meeting. Should you wish to make any additions ALD . NELSON : Mr. Chairman , suppose we set a or corrections , mail them to me at once at 1132 special date. Loyola avenue, and I shall incorporate them in my ALD . FICK : Mr. Chairman, while we are here, let us report . stay here. Suppose we let those mothers have their Sincerely yours , say this afternoon. Helen W. Carr ." ALD . ADAMKEWICZ : I am in favor of that. I want to say I received no answer whatever to this ALD . FICK : Let's get through some time. communication, although before I gave it to the mass ALD . NELSON : Mr. Chairman, I make a motion that meeting I gave her ample time to reply. we proceed. THE SECRETARY : What is your name and ad- Meeting at the home of Mrs. Hefferan, 6631 Harvard dress? avenue, Monday evening , October 12, 1925, Present : MRS . CARR: Mrs. Bradley Carr of Rogers Park, Mrs. Hefferan, Mr. and Mrs. William Lutsch, and Mrs. 1132 Loyola avenue. Bradley Carr. MRS . CARR : I am representing the parents of a dis- Mrs. Hefferan speaking : Experts of the Board of trict where one thousand children are without a per- Education made a complete survey of your district and manent elementary school. We are in the shadow of a decided that a junior high school was needed there. December 31, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 129 We employ these experts who have and get informa- junior high school signed for the most part by people tion that a lay board can not be in possession of and outside of our district, but that petition was never pre- then we must pass their recommendations . The Ed- sented, although we presented ours at a formal meeting ucational Department is responsible for this junior high of the Building and Grounds Comittee. The matter was school recommendation . We must back the superin- settled on December 23rd by letting a contract for the tendent in his recommendation or we would have chaos . junior high school and at the same time, concurrent with QUESTION : Are not the people of the district, the the building of that junior high was to be an elementary taxpayers , the parents, to be consulted at all on these school. school plans ? I am reading now from a stenographic report of De- MRS. HEFFERAN : No, the people of a district can cember 21 , 1925 : not decide what is best for it. All the people of a dis- trict can not agree on an issue. No doubt there would "Purchase of lots on Loyola avenue. Emergency . Proceedings of Board of Education , Number 13437." be as many opposed to an elementary school as for it were the opposition organized. Even in the naming At the end of this when this was concurred in Mr. of a school, neighborhoods get into a turmoil. We have Schmid, the Chairman of the Committee, said: found it the best policy to leave all questions in the " This is a positive assurance to the residents of the hands of these experts whom we hire and have con- entire territory that we intend to build this elementary fidence in . school immediately as an emergency measure. QUESTION : Do you approve of taking away the " Mrs. Severn : How soon will it be built ? playground, for the building of the junior high school ? Mr. Schmid : At once . MRS. HEFFERAN : Yes , where we have the space " Then the order for the letting of the contract for and need the rooms for the children , playground must the junior high school came up. Mrs. Hefferan said : be sacrificed . 'I move you that this be passed provided the report just QUESTION : Do you think it fair to our little chil- passed is concurred in by the Board, at the next meet- dren that they have never known any school for thirteen ing of the Board of Education ." " years except a group of portables ? MRS . HEFFERAN : You parents have a perfect right On December 23rd the Board meeting let the contract to complain about the portables. If we would utilize all for the junior high school and at the same time selected the waste space in the buildings we now have , we would a " site at Newgard and North Shore avenue as a sub- need no portables . stitute for the Loyola avenue site due to the objection QUESTION : When the junior high school is built of the Parochial school which is located across the will there be any provision made for our little children street." Both orders were passed . from the kindergarten to the seventh grade ? On December 23rd the next day the ground was MRS. HEFFERAN : They will be absorbed in the broken for the junior high school. Now, the site for neighboring schools . There will be space for them due this elementary school has been changed four times with to moving out the seventh and eighth grades to the junior high school. You will find that when you have continual delay. Each time any objection was raised by the children settled in these schools that you will be a small number of property owners adjacent to the much better satisfied and in a few years this will all proposed site it was changed. Three thousand three blow over and everyone will be happy. As to the dis- hundred twenty-one people objected to the building of tance the children will have to travel, I am sure that the junior high school but it went on because experts if I had a chance to mill around that I could locate recommended it. Last week the sites to which there every child satisfactorily . was no objection ever raised entered in condemnation and today we are exactly in the same place we were I want to say that we called mass meetings and in- February 13, 1913, when the original site was filed for vited the Board of Education to these mass meetings condemnation . and they didn't come, so we came as a committee of Now, we parents are not here to tell you what to do parents to interview seven different members . I have about these appointments. That is your business, but the committee here but I will not stop to give them, we have this situation in which we are helpless and we and I was appointed to interview Mrs. Hefferan with felt we would be doing less than our duty if we did my committee. Since it was in her home we felt that not come down here and tell you. We can't be silent. she might have received us more as guests than as The Board of Education is far removed from the people. parents to interview her and for that reason put this We want to tell you now that since the people have in writing and gave her a chance to verify it if she nothing to say on school matters that a new situation wishes. is here. When intolerable conditions arise we are go- Now, we parents circulated a petition. We wanted to ing to the only place we know to go to, the aldermen show that the parents of that district were a unit for of our ward, and since the aldermen confirm appoint- the elementary school. We had 3,321 signers. Of the ments we are going to hold you responsible. people that we asked to sign that petition, only about I suppose some people will say we are trying to put four per cent failed to sign it and a large majority of politics into this. If going to your aldermen in time of them wished the elementary school as much as we did, distress is putting politics into the schools, then I want but they were employes of the Board of Education and to tell you we are going to have more politics from they did not like to have their names appear on that now on, because the parents of this city mean business . petititon. (Applause.) The only opposition that we encountered came from ALD . NELSON : Mrs. Carr, I wanted to ask you a the Parent Teachers' organization of the neighboring question or two. schools who told us that they were asked to oppose us MRS . CARR : Yes . in the elementary school and to advocate the erection ALD . NELSON : In view of the answer made by Mrs. of a junior high school by two members of the Board of Hefferan that the school trustees must adopt the recom- Education. They got up a counter petition for this mendations of an educational expert, irrespective of the 130 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 protests of parents and taxpayers, do you think that when our children were put into these basement rooms, person is qualified for reappointment to the Board of but we were told by members of the Board of Edu- Education ? cation that that were perfectly suitable for school pur- MRS . CARR : Now, you are putting it up to me , poses. I suppose if that held true then it holds true aren't you, Alderman ? now. Those six rooms are now vacant and there is a ALD . NELSON : I wanted to get the citizen's slant sewing room, a manual training room and a cooking on it. As a parent, what is your conception of a trustee's room that is now used for sixth grade pupils and I be- duty? Is it to just follow blindly the recommendations lieve it is locked three or four days a week. of an educational expert ? In the Hayt, I was there shortly after the junior MRS . CARR : No. high school opened. There were six rooms vacant at ALD . NELSON : And pay no attention to the parents that time. I don't know whether there have been any or their wishes ? readjustments made since that time or not. MRS . CARR : We believe the parents know the In the Swift there are five vacant to my understand- district better than anyone else. We walk the streets ing. I cannot say that that is absolutely so, because there. We know the distances and we know the dangers , I have not been able to get information, absolute in- and we believe the parents should have absolutely some- formation on it. thing to say: We do not believe the parents should In the Gale, where some of our children go, there are go into the schools and tell how the schools should be five rooms vacant. run. We don't believe the educational policy should be ALD . NELSON : Five vacant now? followed out by the experts. I do not know anything MRS . CARR : Yes . about building bridges, but I think I should have a ALD . NELSON: And this site that the Roger Sul- right to say when bridges should be built that I have livan junior high now occupies was originally selected to pay for. I believe the same thing should be fol- as the site for an elementary school, was it not ? lowed out in the schools . MRS . CARR : It was condemned in 1913 as a site ALD . NELSON : You believe then that the school for an elementary school and playground, and for those trustees ought to take into consideration the parents ' thirteen years the portables, a group of portables hous- desires in the matter of education ? ing children up through the fifth grade were at the MRS . CARR : Yes, I do. north end of the lot. We had a playground with a ALD . NELSON : Let me ask this question: Were field house and playground attendants at the south end you approached to stay away from the meeting of this committee ? of the lot. MRS . CARR : Yes. ALD . NELSON : And it was your understanding ALD . NELSON : By anyone ? and expectancy that that elementary school would be MRS . CARR : Yes . built there to take the children out of the portables ? MRS . CARR : They were promised time without ALD . NELSON : Would it be violating any confidence number and Alderman Frankhauser will remember the if I asked you who tried to induce you to say away from this committee ? number of times he went down for the parents of the MRS . CARR: I do not think it is any confidence, Mr. district, to get the elementary school and he was made Nelson. I was called on the telephone and they tried to a definite promise that the elementary school would be get me to go into a bargain to stay away, and that in started in 1923 . payment, if I may use that word, that our schools would ALD . NELSON : Have you any idea as to the cost be hastened, the elementary school, for which we all of this junior high ? wish so much . MRS . CARR : Mr. Byrnes told me informally last ALD . NELSON : Who tried to arrange that kind of October that it has cost $2,200,000. a bargain ? ALD . NELSON : Is it fully occupied ? MRS . CARR : I was approached by an employee of MRS . CARR : There are 1,483 children in there ac- the Board of Education. I turned the matter over to cording to the last report. When they were building it, the parents' committee and we proceeded as we are they told us it would have a capacity of 2,200 . doing today. ALD . NELSON : How far-how great a distance must ALD . NELSON : Would you mind giving the com- children travel to attend the junior high school ? mittee the name of that employee ? MRS . CARR : I do not know, Mr. Nelson. I am not MRS . CARR: I will give it in private. very much interested in the junior high school because ALD . NELSON : All right. my children are in the elementary school. I understand ALD . FICK : Is that your ward, Alderman ? that the children in the Gale, the Swift, the Hayt, the ALD . NELSON : No, it is not my ward. That is Armstrong and the Field, are those occupying it now. Alderman Frankhauser's ward. It is on the north side. The children from the Armstrong have a great distance MR . TOMAN. Mr. Chairman- to come, if they all come there, but I understand they ALD . NELSON : Just a minute. I want to ask an- allowed some of them to remain in the Armstrong school other question . in the seventh and eighth grades where the distance How many vacant rooms are there in the surround- was too great. ing elementary schools within a distance of a mile of ALD . M'KINLAY : Mr. Chairman- the Roger Sullivan junior high ? MRS . CARR : It is very hard to determine, Mr. ALD . ARVEY: Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask a Nelson. I visited some of the schools yesterday. question. I couldn't find the principals and the teachers would not THE CHAIRMAN : Alderman Arvey. give me any information. I investigated as to the ALD . ARVEY: Mrs. Carr, did you speak to Mrs. number of rooms that were locked. Hefferan about the location of the junior high school ? In the Field there are six rooms which have been MRS . CARR: The parents went to the Board of occupied in the basement. We objected very seriously Education and told them we were not trying to deter- December 31, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 131 mine their policy about the junior high schools. We MRS . CARR : Well, no, I don't agree with you there. told them that they could build the junior high schools ALD . NELSON : On the other hand, don't you think where they wanted to if they kept off our elementary they should have all of the facts ? school. ALD . ARVEY: Now, wait a minute, just a minute. ALD . ARVEY : It was a question of location with Mrs. Carr is able to handle anything at all. She is you then? very competent. I think we will speak for her thor- MRS . CARR : It was a question of location purely. oughness. ALD . ARVEY: All right. ALD . NELSON : I think she ought to know that- MRS . CARR : And that was the attitude of the ALD . ARVEY: She is very competent. people of the district. It was not a question of whether ALD . NELSON : -you are a very clever lawyer. or not we would have a junior high school on that loca- ALD . ARVEY : I think Mrs. Carr is competent to tion and send our children all these great distances. answer any questions. I live a mile and three - tenths from the nearest elemen- ALD . M'KINLAY : Mr. Chairman, while they are tary school . arguing may I ask a question ? ALD . ARVEY : Let me ask you this : Do you know, ALD . ARVEY : I think Mrs. Carr is competent to is it-do you know the vote of the Board of Education answer questions. She has been present at all these in establishing a junior high school on that site ? meetings . MRS. CARR: No, I do not. MRS . CARR : I think, Mr. Chairman, we can very ALD . ARVEY : You do not? well wait until we find out all the facts of the situation . MRS . CARR: We did not know anything about its I have taken many days to come down here and tell passing. The first thing we knew-we went away for you the facts in our district so you may have them. I the summer of 1925 and when the children came back feel it is a parent's duty. in September, our children went over to the playground, ALD . ARVEY : Let me ask you this: Mrs. Carr, and they came running back breathless with their eyes have you heard the statement made here that the mem- sticking out, "Mother, they are moving our schools bers of the Board of Education, the present members away." They were the only schools our children had of the Board of Education are rubber stamps in the known. We went over to verify that, and we found hands of the superintendent of the Board of Education ? out that the teachers and the principal of the school I heard the statement and you heard it, Mr. Coath did not know that those portables were being moved. stated the members of the Board of Education were We did not know where they had been moved until merely rubber stamps . If that statement be true don't we had tracked the marks that had been made along you think in justice to the parents of Chicago we ought the street, and we found those portables were left on to have appointments on the board now without regard a lot 126 by 83 feet, west of Clark street, almost at the now to who the appointees are ; we ought to have extreme west end of the district, that there were six appointments of fit men and fit women to administer portables 25 by 30 feet and a combination toilet and the affairs of the school system ? coal house 18 by 48 feet on that lot. We know that MRS . CARR : I think we should always have fit the Board of Education had to have experts to get all men and fit women on the Board of Education. those buildings on that lot. ( Laughter. ) ALD . ARVEY: And if they are rubber stamps we When we went over and saw the situation, with street ought to have new ones as soon as we can get them ? car lines running so close that you could almost touch MRS . CARR: That is true, yes. the cars from the portable, we did what any parents ALD . M'KINLAY : Mr. Chairman, I was just going would do, what you men would do we kept our children to ask in view of Mrs. Hefferan's apparent absence to- at home, that is what the newspapers called a strike. day and I was here yesterday and heard her speak-in ALD . ARVEY : Well, you had a strike, didn't you ? view of one answer made to the parents in her home MRS . CARR : No, it was no strike in that sense of and Alderman Nelson's comment, I just want to ask the word. at this meeting at Mrs. Hefferan's home was there a ALD . ARVEY: You had a strike, didn't you ? reporter there to take this down ? MRS . CARR : You might call it that. MRS . CARR: No, I think you missed the point. ALD . ARVEY : Answer this question. You spoke a ALD . M'KINLAY : It was so detailed I wanted to moment ago about the question of appointments. You find out if you had some one there to take it down, would not want to pass on the appointments, would you ? in question and answer form. You wouldn't want to take the responsibility of passing MRS . CARR : No, we went there as three members on Mrs. Hefferan's fitness for reappointment. MRS . CARR : I said it was not my business, Mr. of the parents' committee. There was no reporter there. And we were not sure whether Mrs. Hefferan under- Arvey. ALD . ARVEY : You said it was our responsibility. stood that we came there as delegates of a large body, MRS . CARR: Yes, it is your responsibility. I am and so in order to be absolutely fair to her before I not an alderman. If I were an alderman I would take made any public statement I sent her this outline, which a the responsibility. I read today, with letter asking her if that is what ALD . ARVEY: You agree with me, Mrs. Carr, in she wanted me to say, if that represented her ideas; view of the situation of the Board of Education at the if it did not, that I was willing to make any correction present time, in view of your statements, it might be a or alteration she wished made. good thing to have a new Board of Education as soon ALD . M'KINLAY: Did she say it did ? as possible ? MRS . CARR : She did not reply at all, as I stated MRS . CARR : Yes , I agree with you. at the beginning. ALD . ARVEY: Do you think it is the duty of all ALD . M'KINLAY : Then I just wanted to say in concerned, of all those having responsibility in the mat- that connection, in view of the fact Mrs. Hefferan ap- ter, to see that new members get over there as fast parently today has not admitted the correctness of the as they can get over there. Is that one of the most answers-they may be correct I do not know-Mrs . Hef- important things to consider ? feran's answer yesterday to Alderman Nelson- I took 132 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 note of her answer-about passing on the recommenda- eighth year in the elementary were arbitrarily trans- tion of experts and she said very explicitly that the ferred to the Roger Sullivan Junior High ? recommendations of the educational experts were given MRS . CARR : I understand they were not, Mr. Nelson. to the board, the board considered them, and that she I understand they went directly to the Senn. as a member of the board would consider them and ALD . NELSON: They went direct to the Senn ? then use her best judgment in the matter. MRS . CARR: As I understand it now the Roger Now, that would not follow, from the answers given Sullivan has a seventh and eighth grade, but has no here or your suggestion back to her, as I know Mrs. ninth grade, and will not have it until February. ALD . NELSON : That is it. Hefferan, that Mrs. Hefferan would always be guided * * * * * * * by the educational experts because she said very def- initely in two different places- ALD . NELSON : There is a lady here- I have for- ALD . NELSON : Alderman McKinlay, the record will gotten her name-from the Cameron School. What is her name ? determine just what happened exactly. ALD . M'KINLAY : What record ? THE CHAIRMAN : Would you mind stepping up ALD . NELSON : The record of our proceedings here, please ? MR . SMIETANKA : Mr. Chairman. Thursday. THE CHAIRMAN : Mr. Smietanka. ALD . M'KINLAY : Yes, and I am willing to follow that. MR . SMIETANKA : I would like to stay here and ALD . NELSON : And the record here today. listen to these criticisms, but if the Chairman will excuse me for the rest of the afternoon I have some other mat- ALD . McKINLAY : I mean, this record apparently is ters to attend to . the memory of what happened. All those who were here- ALD . CLARK: We might ask if there are any other members of the Board here who would like to be ex- ALD . NELSON : I understand Mrs. Carr submitted cused. this same statement she had submitted here today to Mrs. Hefferan . THE CHAIRMAN : We will excuse you, Mr. Smiet- ALD . M'KINLAY : Yes . anka, and if there are any other members of the Board that want to be excused, they may go. ALD . NELSON : She gave Mrs. Hefferan an oppor- MR. SMIETANKA: And I might ask, too, Mr. tunity to reply. ALD . M'KINLAY : Yes . Chairman, while we are here on that subject perhaps we might bring in other delegations. I might speak to ALD . NELSON : Mrs. Hefferan did not take ad- the Superintendent's Department and give him an op- vantage of the opportunity: she did not even acknowl- portunity to prepare on that controversy on the north edge receipt of it. You recollect on Thursday when side, if you wish to hear from the superintendent. Mrs. Hefferan made the splendid address she did, I THE CHAIRMAN : That would be proper. noted she made the statement very emphatically it was ALD . NELSON : Would you bring in references to her idea the board could do nothing else except to rely the Stockton junior high and give us a report as to upon the educational experts and for that reason I why that was changed from an elementary to a junior questioned her and then she corrected the record to high ? say that she would, of course, give consideration to MR . SMIETANKA : Yes . the report, give it consideration and use her best judg- ALD . NELSON : Located as it is along three - quar- ment. Now, what we are developing here today, I think, ters of a mile of cemetery ground. is the attitude she has pursued while she had been a MR . SMIETANKA : It sounds amusing, Alderman . trustee. ALD . NELSON : What is that ? I wanted to ask Mrs. Carr this question . MR . SMIETANKA : It sounds amusing, but there ALD . M'KINLAY: Just a minute. Could I just an- must have been some good reason back of it. swer you. I just want to say this, Alderman Nelson- ALD . NELSON : That is what I want to develop- ALD . NELSON : Yes , all right. somebody ought to answer that, and I think you ought ALD . M'KINLAY : You are much more exact always to come equipped. on the words of the record than I am. You usually MR . SMIETANKA: Yes . are in the council and maybe you are better than I am ALD . ARVEY : Mr. Chairman, may I ask the Presi- in judging the general intention of principles of the dent of the Board to bring in all records of sales made school. But I got from Mrs. Hefferan's original state- on pencils, erasers, inkwells, and tell us what happened ment, and what you would call as corrections, which on the 14th day of August and see what the vote was I did not notice as corrections, that she has from be- on the Board on that day with reference to certain ginning to end explicitly said that trustees should use matters. Bring in everything you got. Let us get their own judgment. That was her final remark. everything, go into everything . ALD . NELSON : That must have been your impres- MR . SMΙΕΤΑΝΚΑ : Then, Alderman, you might sion, Alderman. add, too, bring in delegations from all parts of the city. ALD . M'KINLAY : It is not my impression. I am ALD . NELSON : Let me ask the Alderman this not always correct. But I say that in fairness to the question; if he doesn't think there is some difference lady, who is not here today and was yesterday. between the matter of lead pencils and erasers and ALD . NELSON : I think the record will show just forcing children to cross several car tracks, traveling a what she said. I want to ask Mrs Carr a question. mile and a half and the Board of Education spending a ALD . CRONSON : I was going to suggest that Mrs. million dollars locating a school along three-quarters of Carr take her seat. a mile of cemetery ground. * * * THE CHAIRMAN : Yes, you might be seated. MRS . CARR: Thank you. THE SECRETARY: What is your name ? ALD . NELSON : Do you know, Mrs. Carr, when the MRS . WEGNER : Mrs. William J. Wegner. Roger Sullivan Junior High was opened, whether the THE SECRETARY: What is your address , please ? graduating classes of children who had finished the MRS . WEGNER : 1508 North Harding . December 31 , 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 133 THE CHAIRMAN : You might be seated, please . Schmidt, and you had the same opportunity of seeing ALD . NELSON : You are representing the parents him, and of hearing the Doctor. at the Cameron School. ALD . ARVEY : I am not trying to pass the buck to MRS . WEGNER : I do . you, but if you had any information, any vital question ALD . NELSON : Will you tell the committee what of fitness, you would certainly tell us about it ? you have to say with reference to the Cameron School MRS . CARR : I certainly would. That would be my and your experience with the Board of Education ? duty as a parent. MRS . WEGNER : Well, we had waited for years for ALD . CLARK : Mr. Chairman, I happen to be fa- a good school, and finally they gave it to us, and it miliar with the D. P. Cameron School situation. I wasn't quite finished when over night they wanted to attended one of the meetings of protest. It is in my take it away and make a junior high out of it. Well, old ward not in my new ward, but it happens to be the we parents got together and protested. We could not school I graduated from, and I want to say in justice to Mrs. Hefferan I talked to her at the Board of Edu- get a hearing. Mrs. Hefferan was awful mean to us , cation one day and she told me that on account of she wasn't a bit nice to us; when she saw us coming, protests from the parents of the Cameron School, they she would say, " Here come the Cameron bolsheviks ." were going to defer consideration of that until some At one time they actually wanted to have a session future time. Now, Mrs. Hefferan at that time treated and they made a date for ten o'clock in the morning, me very fine, and I think Alderman Nelson, the Alderman after being at a meeting the day before, but they didn't of that ward, does not differ- finish the business, so they set the next morning at ten MRS . WEGNER : Alderman Clark, I will tell you, o'clock to finish. Well, we mothers went down again, we sat around and asked Mrs. Hefferan; she said she they were very nice to us when Alderman Nusser was knew of no meeting, and I said, yes, we were to come with us, but the next day, Alderman Nusser had a very here to finish the business. She said, no, she knew unfortunate accident, and he had his limbs hurt and he nothing. She went in a little room and closed the door, was not with us and we were alone, and she didn't and we waited around and waited around until one treat us cordially when we were alone, and she did give o'clock . We finally got disgusted and went to the us nice attention when the Alderman was with us . Mayor and complained about her conduct towards us ALD . ARVEY : But you did hold a mass meeting out because she didn't treat us like citizens at all, so the there, didn't you? Mayor said he would look into it and that was the end MRS . WEGNER : Yes, sir. ofit. ALD . ARVEY : And was Alderman Nusser present ? ALD . ARVEY : May I ask you a question ? The MRS . WEGNER : Yes, sir, and former Alderman, Board of Education, when the matter was presented to Janke. it, voted against changing it to a junior high school ? ALD . CLARK: And Alderman Nelson and Alderman MRS . WEGNER : No , they hadn't voted against it, Mills . they took it under consideration. MRS . WEGNER : Alderman Mills and Alderman Nel- ALD . ARVEY: It is still an elementary school ? son. MRS . WEGNER : Yes, it is . ALD . ARVEY: Is that why they called you bol- ALD . ARVEY : So I suppose the Mayor did do sheviks , because Mills and Nelson were there ? something about it ? MR . JANKE : May I have a word on the Cameron MRS . WEGNER : Yes, he did. School, Mr. Chairman ? ALD . ARVEY : You said nobody did anything about THE SECRETARY : Your name, please ? it. MR . JANKE : Conrad Janke, 1239 Monticello avenue, MRS . WEGNER : I mean the treatment we got down right opposite the school. I had this thought that a there. They didn't treat us at all like civilized people. year ago, if it hadn't been for the interest the parents ALD . ARVEY : Do you know Dr. Otto L. Schmidt ? had taken in the school, the Board would have put it MRS . WEGNER : No. over as a junior high. I have at the present time three ALD . ARVEY : Or Mr. Vopicka ? children that have graduated from that school, and one MRS . WEGNER : No, I don't. will be graduated at the next term and one at the next ALD . ARVEY : Or Mr. Raymer ? term, which will still leave three. I objected at that MRS . WEGNER : No, I don't. time the same as my wife to have them sent over about ALD . ARVEY : You don't know of any reason why a mile away from that school. they can't serve as Trustees ? My wife tells me the treatment they got down there MRS . WEGNER : No, I don't know them at all . I from Mrs. Hefferan was not very inviting. She said don't know anything of them. they called them bolsheviks and all that. It was then ALD . ARVEY : Or don't know of anything against put over for a year, as I understand it. I understand them, either ? now that they are going to try to put it over again, MRS . WEGNER : No, I don't know anything either going to start the same thing all over. Now, they held way, one way or the other. mass meetings but they didn't start a riot out there in ALD . ARVEY : I would like to ask permission of the the school, they stopped it from being put through. I Chair to ask Mrs. Carr that same question. Do you am going to say I for one am opposed to it, after go- know any reason why Dr. Schmidt or Mr. Raymer or ing along all these years in that neighborhood, satisfied Mr. Vopicka should not serve as Trustees ? with the school. It took us a good many years to get MRS. CARR : Mr. Arvey, I made a statement at the an addition to that school. I know I fought for a long beginning we are not here to tell you whom to appoint time to have that addition put on there, and finally or not to appoint. when they got it they wanted to change it to junior ALD . ARVEY: Mrs. Carr, if you knew something high. about these gentlemen that they would not make good THE SECRETARY : Your name, please ? members, you would tell us, wouldn't you ? ( Applause. ) MRS . WENN : Kate Wenn, 3521 Pierce Avenue, the MRS . CARR: I would certainly tell you, Mr. Arvey. Lowell School District. I represent ninety per cent of I have never seen any of the members except Dr. Otto the fathers and mothers of that district. Last February 134 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 our children were transferred without a minute's notice, I brought them to the Mayor. I brought them to every some to go to the Cameron, and some to go to the Stowe member of the Board of Education. The first petition School, and they would have to go across North avenue, we gave them, the men and women went out on Sunday others go under the railroad tracks. You know what and got them. They threw them in the waste basket. the railroad tracks are in that district, you are familiar Our second petition we went out and got, we gave them with it. Three little girls were attacked under that a copy of it, and I have that petition to prove what I am viaduct and the mothers all got up in arms, but we saying . We wanted some action because we didn't know got no satisfaction anywhere. We went to the Board of anything about it until they began to shift our children, Education. They called us a mob. Well, we went with and walk on our necks. The politicians are all that our Alderman but had no success; and then we went way. That is all I got to say and I won't take one word with our two Aldermen because the school is in both back. ( Laughter and applause.) wards . MR . BYRNE : I will say for that lady that she did Mr. McAndrew told us when we got an interview make a very strong effort to get an addition to the with him, " We are here to make the law where you Lowell school. And I can give you that information send your child and you are here to obey." I said, now. The plans are being made and the contracts will "That is no such a thing. We are in America and we be let in a very short period of time for the addition are tax payers." Then he told us we are not paying to the Lowell school. * * enough taxes to pay for pencils and paper that our * * children are using. I said, "We are paying what the THE CHAIRMAN: It is 2:25 now. law requires us and we have been fighting for eight THE SECRETARY: What is your name ? years to get an addition to the Lowell School. " MRS . KRYDER : Mrs. Kryder, 751 Bittersweet Place. There are over eighteen hundred children in that old Our battle was about a junior high school. We had school and it is a fire trap. They have had the ground children that graduated in the middle of last year, for eight years . They promised every year we would February, from the LeMoyne school, which is situated have a new school, and now instead of letting us have at Waveland and Rokeby. The principal of the Lake a new school, after we kept our children three months View had made all arrangements for them to attend out of school, they let us take the children back, those the Lake View school. They were even to attend a party that wanted to come back, but the principals in some the next day, when the children came home with the of the schools said, "Now, you children will be treated story that they had been sent to the Stockton Junior better if you stay here." Of course there were a few High School. stayed away and they said there weren't half of them It was necessary for them to choose the courses and went back. Well, there were three-quarters of them to give the thing great consideration, which we all did went back, but that was not so bad. All we wanted to and signed the blank to say just which course we thought get-we had what they call the double shift, two schools, our child ought to take. These were all taken to the five and a quarter hours for each child and we were not Lake View High School, and we thought the matter was kicking at all until Mr. McAndrew put up what we call all settled, that our children were going from the eighth "shifting the children along." All we said we wanted grade into senior high school. Then the word came they was our children left in the double school-we were the were to be sent to the Stockton Junior high school and only ones that were inconvenienced in this way. Our they were not to be taken at the Lake View High. children had to go to school at eight o'clock in the The parents of the children graduating took this in hand morning, a quarter to eight, and get home, some at and we decided to go down and ask the reason for this, which we did. noon, and then the others go in the afternoon. Well, We went down to the board rooms and asked the we were reasonable, we were promised a new school, and we were willing to wait, we are not grumbling at reason. They said they would have an investigation of the waiting as long as they were there. We couldn't the matter and let us know. We went home and the complain, they were getting their education. next morning they 'phoned me and said there was noth- Now, when they got that far they put what they call ing absolutely that could be done about it, that the the platoon system. Mrs. Hefferan says : "We want to children would have to be shifted to the Stockton . keep your children off the streets and you don't know Well, we decided that we would not take "No" for enough to appreciate it." And I said, " Say, there isn't an answer, that they would have to give us a reason a mother in that district that won't keep her child that " No" was not enough. So we kept going down off the street. We have interest in our children." And to the Board of Education. On one occasion we went I said, " In the way they have put the platoon system, up to Colonel Ellicott's office and Mrs. Hefferan was as they call it, now there are some children getting three there. Col. Ellicott invited us in very cordially and hours a day. Are they keeping our children off the nicely and asked us to tell him what we had to say street ? You say it is none of our business. That is about it. We gave all of our reasons and brought a what we wanted since last February. petition from the parents stating it was against even We went to the Mayor and every member of the the principles of the Junior High school plan that the Board of Education, every member, not one but every Board of Education had formulated; that they never one. We got insulted high and low until we got a fine made any statement that the eighth grade child should political leader to go to Mayor Dever and then we got go from the eighth grade for one year to a junior high an audience with our czar and I don't know what Chi- school; that was the thing we were complaining about, cago is coming to. We've lived over forty years in that they should be shifted for one year and then go Chicago, and I think it is getting worse. We never to another school. thought of butting into school affairs until they tried to Mrs. Hefferan said that those matters , of course, were have this condition of affairs . We had no kick, didn't taken up by people who knew more about it than we interfere with them educating our children until they did; that the thing to do would be to run back and began to shift them around, and now we want some- forget it, and in a year we would come back and thank thing done, and we are going to have it done. her for it. We went home but we didn't stop there. I brought a petition of ninety per cent of that district. She claimed she would investigate and let us know December 31, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 135 within a few days as to what could be done about it cent of the children live in my ward. My little daughter's but we had committees working. They visited the graduating class was transferred to the Stockton. When schools, I think the Lake View high school and the I got back to the city I found that the parents of the Stockton Junior high school, and we got all the infor- LeMoyne graduating class had kept their children home. mation possible among the ladies that were working There was a strike on. The parents at the Blaine had with us. Mrs. Hefferan called us by telephone, both no leadership; their children were at the Stockton. Mrs. Lowe and myself-we were trying to keep all of I refused to ask for a permit for my daughter at that the loose ends together; she told Mrs. Lowe and me, time. Now we had her course mapped out before I (she was very insulting to us) that we would just have left town for the Lake View Senior High. The princi- to forget it; if we didn't she would put us in jail. pal had addressed the Blaine graduating class as he had We decided we were not afraid of jail. I haven't in the case of the LeMoyne. When I got back to the been there, but I wouldn't mind going. So it happened city I found this situation described there. Mrs. Kryder, that-really, I can only say this, we went to every mem- Mrs. Wegner and some other ladies told me of their ber of the Board of Education. We went to every experience at the Board of Education rooms. They had Trustee. We had a photograph made of our petition. been down there on three or four occasions prior to We had it already to mail and mailed one to every coming to me. Alderman Boutell and I accompanied the trustee of the board. We talked to Mr. English, and he committee on two occasions. There was about three was most courteous and nice to us. I wouldn't say that weeks lost, wasn't it, there ? about Mrs. Hefferan. Col. Ellicott was very kind and MRS . KRYDER : Oh, yes, just three weeks. considerate of us. Mr. Bogan was very insulting. I ALD . NELSON : I make this statement for the com- had never been insulted before in my life, but I cer- mittee, and this is what I had in mind when I asked tainly was then. President Smietanka to bring here, not necessarily next Now, I feel if the parents are not interested in school Tuesday, but at some meeting, all of the facts as to how matters, who is going to be ? It is nearest to our hearts . the Stockton School was located, adjacent to three- I would feel that I had failed in my job as a mother if quarters of a mile of cemetery site, where there isn't I didn't have something to say on matters of this kind, a school population, of course, and then converted from I think there should be some co-operation. The parents an elementary-it was built for an elementary school— should be made to feel that they are a part of it and it isn't occupied but used for junior high school pur- not some foreign element. They should be made to poses . think that they belong to the Board of Education, that ALD . CRONSON : Mr. Chairman, I want to ask Mrs. they are part of it, and be allowed to come down-we Kryder a question. Does it cost you any more to send don't go down there in any antagonistic frame of mind. your child to the junior high school ? I do not feel that way. I went down there and wanted MRS . KRYDER : I have taken my child out of the to know why, and they could not answer it. It was public high school. only by the help of Alderman Nelson and Alderman ALD . CRONSON : Does it cost you any more ? Boutell and Col. Ellicott's help we were able to it was MRS . KRYDER : Yes, it would cost more. We were just by persistence we won it, and we did win it. Our in walking distance of the Lake View, that was our main children were not sent to the Stockton Junior High reason . There were many parents, even, whose children School. could come home for lunch at the Lake View if they ALD . NELSON : I wish you would tell the Committee had a single session, but most of them could walk in where the Stockton Junior High School is located. my neighborhood. Most of them are within walking MRS . KRYDER : I would be very glad to. It is lo- distance. My daughter walked most every day the cated on Montrose, and it is just one block or two time that she did go to the Lake View. blocks from Clark street, and it is about three blocks MR . MINWEGEN : Another lady, Alderman Arvey, from Broadway; it is Magnolia and Montrose. Mrs. Abrahams has something to say. ALD . NELSON : What is immediately south of the THE SECRETARY : Tell us your name and address . MRS . ABRAHAMS : Sarah B. Abrahams . Stockton Junior High School ? THE SECRETARY : Where do you live ? MRS . KRYDER : A cemetery. ALD . NELSON : From Montrose to where ? MRS . ABRAHAMS : 3224 LeMoyne Street. I would To Irving Park Boulevard. rather not be heard today because the Chairman of the MRS . KRYDER : Isn't there a cemetery south of Irv- Northwest Side Parents League that was called to repre- ALD . NELSON : sent the Northwest Side Parents League had heard the ing Park Boulevard ? meeting was going to be adjourned, and he left. He had MRS . KRYDER : There is another cemetery south business there to attend to . He had all the facts that of Irving Park Boulevard. I don't know the name of we wanted to present, with him. I simply remained to that cemetery. hear the end. So I would rather, if it is possible, leave ALD . NELSON : This transfer of the graduating it for the next meeting, Alderman Arvey, and Mr. Chair- class in February of this year from the LeMoyne school man, and the rest. was an arbitrary transfer, wasn't it ? ALD . NELSON : Give the secretary the name of the MRS . KRYDER: Absolutely. gentleman and we will notify him. ALD . NELSON : I can say for the record that at MRS . ABRAHAMS : You notify me, I am the secre- that time I was out of the city. My little daughter was tary of the organization, so that will be all right. * * * a graduate of the Blaine School and the same prepara- tions were made at the Blaine School as at the LeMoyne. MISS HALEY: Mr. Chairman, as one of those who The LeMoyne is in my ward; the Blaine School is lo- at the last meeting signified a desire to question Mrs. cated across the street from my ward, but about 55 per (Continued on Page 138 ) 136 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 Are School Teachers Citizens ? Teachers interested in the case of Abraham Lefkowitz , New York teacher, who was re- fused a promotion, presumably owing to his utterances outside of school, will be interested in the following comment of "The New Republic," for December 1, 1926, entitled, "Are School Teachers Citizens ?" At last the Board of Superintendents of the Depart- erous program for crippled, atypical and vocational pu- ment of Education of New York City has put into cold pils; they can plume themselves on having made real print what many teachers have long felt to be its reac- progress in the instruction of reading, geography and tionary attitude toward freedom of thought and utter- arithmetic; they have adapted themselves in these and ance for teachers both in school and out. In justifying many other respects to the vital needs of the pupils' its refusal to promote Abraham Lefkowitz, an assistant health and environment. But there they stop. They teacher of history in the high schools, to head of depart- dare not proceed beyond an ideal of efficiency in the ment, the Board of Superintendents expressly charges mechanics of learning to a frankly experimental policy him with undesirably radical activities outside of school. of correlating school and life for the individual student. Here is the edict which Superintendent Mandel used this They will not encourage the spirit of honest inquiry and occasion to pronounce in the matter of teacher's rights : initiative. They will not foster human-mindedness, or the innovating spirit of the creator and the poet. A teacher may not have one set of opinions for The reasons are not far to seek. They are to be found, the class room and another for the public platform . first, in the very hugeness of the educational enterprise As a school teacher, he has not the same rights as the school system. This "system" must teach in New other citizens to print, publish or declare his York alone a million pupils and pay for 30,000 teachers . thoughts and opinions . He is no longer at liberty It will be the tendency of such a vast machine in the very to "freely write, speak or publish ." This is not an nature of the case to produce a certain deadening stand- interference with his rights as a citizen. His rights ardization. In the very effort to operate it smoothly, the are as free and untrammeled as they were. He may individuality of teacher and pupil is often crushed. A at any time " emancipate himself from the shackles huge bureaucracy, which exists for administrative pur- of the department and exercise his full rights as an poses alone and which is altogether out of contact with American citizen" by resigning his position . the pupil and the classroom, presides over this educa- In determining whether or not a teacher shall be tional juggernaut. It includes various boards : a Board promoted, the Board of Superintendents is obligated of Education, a Board of Superintendents, a Board of to take into account the history of the teacher, his Examiners , district superintendents, supervisors of this , public opinions, the persons with whom he associ- that and the other, directors , assistant directors , heads ates, and his attitude toward governmental ques- of departments, people in charge an endless ramifica- tions. To insist that public school teachers shall tion of negative and checkmating officialdom, whose busi- not commit the offenses charged against Mr. Lefko- ness it is to see that the teacher furnishes the public witz is no interference with " intellectual freedom . " with its money's worth. We cannot concede that " intellectual freedom " is But worse than the effect of this " system " on the initi- synonymous with " insolence " or "vulgarity " or with ative of the teacher IS THE IDEAL OF THE COM- the right to sneer at our institutions . MUNITY WHICH PERVADES THE ADMINISTRA- Consider in connection with this manifesto some of the TION OF THE SCHOOLS . IN THE CASE OF NEW conditions which obtain in the schools today, especially YORK, CERTAINLY, AND ALMOST TO AN EQUAL in the relation between teacher and pupil. The teacher EXTENT ELSEWHERE, IT IS THE IDEAL OF AN was formerly an authoritarian taskmaster who was en- UNCRITICAL, NARROW - MINDED, IGNORANT gaged in whipping the primal sin out of his pupil's car- AND SELF - SATISFIED AMERICANISM-an Ameri- casses and thus training them to be law-abiding citizens . canism that proclaims that we are the salt of the earth; Latterly, Dewey, Montessori, Thorndyke and others dis- that we cannot do and never have done wrong; that our covered that even the ordinary pupil is a thinking ani- motives have always been piously altruistic; that we are mal, that he wants to know and do things, that he seeks the greatest, the freest, the best, the most noble people standards , values and goals. The high school scholar in in the world. Far from "keeping the schools free from New York has an uncanny faculty of putting his teacher propaganda"-the war cry which the educational authori- on the defensive. He will not learn unless he questions ties use against so-called radical teachers-the pupils in and is shown the reason why. Teachers cannot meet this the schools are daily subjected to the most insidious kind pragmatic and rational turn of mind by a solemn assump- of propaganda a propaganda which exploits for class tion of pedagogical omniscience, by intolerance, igno- purposes and in the interest of intellectual illiberality the rance, coercive discipline or ill-temper. They can meet generous patriotic emotions of youth. In so far as it is it only by themselves assuming a questioning, searching, successful their minds are warped, and they tend to be- reasoning attitude and by exhibiting a reverent regard come hasty, gullible, suggestible, prejudiced, suspicious for truth. and ignorant human beings. They have received the * * worst possible training for responsible citizens to whom For that is the sad and ineluctable truth. The spirit the welfare of the republic is subsequently to be in- animating the teaching in the public schools in New trusted. For they are trained to think and act not like York and elsewhere is unprogressive. The metropolitan the members of a progressive society, who, unless they schools in particular can boast of lavish equipment, of are conscious of their activities, cannot know where they an annual budget of $110,000,000; they can point to a gen- are going and cannot control their own future, BUT AS MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 137 December 31, 1926 THE MEMBERS OF A HERD WHO LIVE SLUG- GISHLY BY ROUTINE MOST OF THE TIME AND CANNOT MOVE TOGETHER UNLESS THEY ARE Shopping with the STAMPEDED . * * Bulletin Already, conditions in the schools, as regards intellec- tual independence, are bad enough. Warned by the ex- Renewal of last year's advertising contracts amples of the war pacifists who were expelled by Doty for The Bulletin and the signing of new, de- squads and Lusk laws, by snoopery official or unofficial, the natural caution of teachers has bloomed into a pend upon the patronage of the teachers, their strange and wondrous thing. WITH A FEW OUT- families and friends . STANDING EXCEPTIONS THEY ARE BECOMING With their usual loyalty, the teachers have THE MOST TIGHT - LIPPED AND TIMOROUS responded and have visited the places of busi- CREATURES OF ANY PROFESSION IN THE ness of the Bulletin advertisers, but we have COUNTRY . THEY HAVE LEARNED TO KEEP THEIR MOUTHS SHUT AND THEIR MINDS discovered that in many cases the teachers EMPTY. When they do talk, they talk as though dicta- have not made known to the shop-keepers the phones were hidden in the walls; they are on their fact that they visited the shop as a result of guard; not a word falls from their lips that would not seeing the advertisement in The Bulletin. Ad- satisfy the most orthodox. Never did regimentation reap vertisers , therefore, have been unable to trace a more inglorious harvest; never did an enforced intel- lectual diet more fully starve out the natural courage the results of their advertising or to accredit of the human soul. The teacher will not fight; he has it to the Bulletin readers . The Bulletin read- learned that only in surrender can he find peace. And ers form the bond between the advertisement even if he enters the system with an independent mind, in The Bulletin and new and increased busi- he soon finds that the educational treadmill has done its ness for the advertisers . work, and presently he too yields, and finds solace in The Bulletin Management Committee, inertia. The result is that today even the finest minds are clogged with apathy or, even worse, with contempt therefore, is asking ALL the Bulletin readers and disgust for their jobs . to co-operate in a movement to help the ad- And what will be the effect of this latest fiat of the vertisers obtain good results from their Bul- superintendents upon a teacher morale already so viti- letin advertising. ated ? Even though the decree will never, for legal rea- Will you help by : sons, be enforceable, it will be a venturesome teacher in- 1. Clipping out the Bulletin Advertisers' deed who will risk the disapproval of the superintend- Shopping List on the reverse side of this ents. Such a teacher must abandon forever all prospects space and keeping it in your purse for ready of promotion. The necessity for a complete renunciation reference. of his right to communicate his conviction, of his dignity 2. Visiting the shops of five advertisers as a thinking human being and his privileges as a cit- next week, five the following, etc., until you zen, will be made more painfully apparent than it is even have covered the list. now. The dissenters and radicals, the men who will not 3. Saying in each shop that you are a be quiet, will no doubt fight bravely on, but at a tremen- Bulletin reader and saw the ad in The Bul- dous personal sacrifice. For the presumption will be, in letin. the case of such men and women, that mentally and mor- 4. Reporting at the next Federation meet- ally there is something wrong with them; something ing any recommendations or suggestions criminal in their wish to appear on platforms "with ex- treme radicals" and Bolsheviks and such - like menaces to you have to make regarding the advertisers American civilization. And, worst of all, throughout the visited. length and breadth of the system, peace and harmony 5. Sending to the Bulletin office names of will prevail the peace of silence and the harmony of prospective advertisers, shops which you pat- 30,000 tight-closed minds. There is such a thing as the ronize and which are not Bulletin adver- lockstep; BUT A LOCKSTEP OF 30,000 CRUSTACEA HAS YET TO EDIFY THE REPUBLIC. tisers, etc. -The New Republic, December 1, 1926. 6. Co-operating in any special task in which the Bulletin Management asks you to MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN help. On any advertising contracts which the MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher teachers solicit, the Bulletin has to pay no commission. We shall appreciate any adver- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. tising the teachers can get for the Bulletin. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, We are grateful for your loyalty in help- 15 Cents . LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ing us get last year's advertisers. Will you help us hold them and get new ones ? Please ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of do it NOW . BULLETIN MANAGEMENT MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American COMMITTEE Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago (Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready Phone Central 3904 reference.) 138 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 PARENTS TELL ALDERMEN Stop to Shop ( Continued from Page 135) Hefferan before she left that meeting, I want the rec- ord to show that I again request the opportunity to ques- BEADED BAGS tion Mrs. Hefferan, and I want to report on many things DeLuxe Bag Shop-711 Venetian Building connected with Mrs. Hefferan's record. I want to pres- BEAUTY SHOP ent some records of great importance to the teachers. The Ideal Beauty Shop, 162 N. State Street When these candidates were questioned by Alderman CAFETERIAS Clark he got some mighty important information. If Ontra-4th Floor Garland Building Alderman Clark intends to follow that matter up I CORSETS will subside. If this matter is to go by default and Bridge Corsets and Surgical Supplies-926 Marshall Field Annex the information that Dr. Schmidt gave us is to be ig- Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street nored by the committee, then I want to be heard before L. M. McPherson—517 Venetian Building this committee. I can't be heard on the floor of the Mrs. F. E. Wick ( Spencer)—15 E. Washington Street City Council when Dr. Schmidt's name comes up, but EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE I have printed the statement by Dr. Schmidt to this Laura Mae Hayward-2001 Straus Building committee and I intend to send it out to the teachers, ELECTROLYSIS and to the aldermen. I have some copies here for dis- Martha B. Dowdy-Room 800, 5 S. Wabash Avenue tribution . Louise B. Everett- Room 1033, 17 N. State Street FLORISTS A mighty serious situation is opened up by the state- Streiff and Dagobert-3211 W. Madison Street ment of Dr. Schmidt of his support of the policies of a former member of the Board of Education and his con- FURS nection with an organization which Dr. Schmidt said was O. R. May- Room 501, Capitol Building John J. Moran-58 E. Washington Street organized for the purpose of putting over the policies of F. Ranke-Room 309, Capitol Building that former member of the Board of Education; that ALONG Siegel and Barth-39 S. State Street LINE- board member dropped 68 teachers. Dr. Schmidt's state- THIS Robert Staedter-17 N. State Street OUT CUT ment in regard to the dropping of teachers and of his Fanchon Troeger-209 S. State Street connection with that organization are serious matters HANDICRAFT MATERIALS with the teachers . It would be unfair for me as the Favor Ruhl Co., 425 S. Wabash Avenue representative of six thousand teachers to allow the state- HATS SHAPED ment made by Dr. Schmidt to go unnoticed and not Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching - 12 Ν. bring it to the attention of the teachers and the mem- Michigan Avenue bers of the City Council. I don't know whether some JEWELRY of the Aldermen know what I am referring to. I know Harry J. Baby, Room 703, 29 E. Madison Street there are some who do, but I don't know whether they MASSAGE and EXERCISE intend to say anything on the floor of the Council if Elin Gustavson Studio- 15 E. Washington Street MILLINERY Alderman Arvey insists on bringing those names up on Kora Fowler-30 N. Michigan Avenue the floor of the Council at the next meeting. I didn't RADIOS know until I heard him announce it, that Dr. Schmidt Arthur E. Anderson, 1757 Sunnyside Avenue belonged to that organization, organized to put this man REDUCING METHODS back on the Board and organized to defend his policies. W. R. Gardner, 611-612 Capitol Bldg. I want to know whether opportunity to be heard is Janus Method-15 E. Washington Street to be denied me if Tuesday is to be given over to this PERMANENT WAVE financial investigation. Anne Heathcote-209 S. State Street **** A. G. Heding, 15 E. Washington St. PRINTERS Barnard and Miller-172 N. La Salle Street SUBSCRIPTION to READY - TO -WEAR Murray Black Co.-21 N. Wabash Avenue Greene's-230 S. Michigan Avenue MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN RESTAURANTS Name . Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street Address . SECRETARIAL TRAINING (Street and Number) Garnett L. Stevens-21 E. Van Buren Street SHOES ... City Cantilever Shoe Shop-132 N. State Street Subscription price $2.00 per year. Harper and Kerschten (Mary Adams Shoe), 231 W. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite Monroe Street 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 SHORTHAND REPORTER N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. George Johnson, 1105 Ashland Blk . SUITS and CLOAKS Harvey and Co.-135 S. State Street GOOD WHEEZE VACATION TEA ROOM Julia King-122 N. Dearborn Street "Did you know they have a new Whistler at VOICE CULTURE the Metropolitan ? " Maclean College-2835 S. Michigan Avenue " I didn't even know they had a cabaret. "- Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready reference New York Evening Post. (Over) December 31, 1926 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 139 COUNCIL TAKES NO ACTION (Continued from Page 127) of Education. After the adjournment of that 1913 leg- THE IDLE HOUR islature, Jacob Loeb and other members of that Board of Education insisted that the then Superintendent of " The best of all ways to lengthen our Schools, the late Ella Flagg Young, should recommend the demotion and dismissal of teachers who had op- days posed the passage of the Board's pension bill. Mrs. Young resigned and explained to Mayor Harrison that Is to steal a few hours from the night, she did so because she refused to yield to the insistent my dear." demands of Loeb and other members of the Board that -From an Old Irish Song. she penalize teachers for what she considered an exer- cise of their rights as citizens . Mayor Harrison sus- tained Mrs. Young in this position and she withdrew her resignation. With only a few more weeks of opera re- Dr. Schmidt's statement in regard to his support of Loeb policies has added interest for Chicago teachers at maining, teachers have called our attention this time in view of the fact that the City Council, in to special inducements for Sunday after- May, 1925, authorized the appointment by the Mayor noons . Believing that there are teachers who of a Pension Commission; that no representative from might like to avail themselves of the oppor- the Chicago Teachers' Pension Board or from the Chi- cago teachers was appointed on the Commission, although tunity of hearing opera Sunday afternoon all other municipal pension boards are represented on from choice seats at reduced rates, the Bulle- that Commission; that the Commission has before it, tin relays the suggestion of teachers who have and over the protest of the Teachers' Pension Board, is now considering recommendations for legislation to come to the office, that Sunday afternoon take the control of the Chicago Teachers' Pension Fund tickets for the best seats may be obtained for from the teachers and otherwise interfere with and $3.50 from Mrs. Keeler, Superior 7823 ( be- change their pension law and their fund. A copy of tween 10 a . m . and 7 p . m. ) or Lakeview 7412 . this protest is enclosed. Dr. Schmidt's statements in regard to his connection with the Loeb policies have added significance because of the denial by the present Board of Education to teach- Sidney Hillman, president of the Amalga- ers of the right to free, uncontrolled deliberation and mated Clothing Workers of America will ap- findings on educational policies through the official teach- ers' councils established by the Board under Supt. Ella pear before the Chicago Forum Sunday after- Flagg Young, re-established by the Board under Supt. noon, January 9. His subject will be, “ Has Peter A. Mortenson, and as a substitute for which the Collective Bargaining Any Substitutes ?" present rules provide for “a hand picked conference of the superintendent," as Trustee Mullenbach refers to the present so-called teachers' councils . You told me last Wednesday that you did not know The annual ski tournament featuring world when you presented Dr. Schmidt's name to the City famous stars in this line of sport will be held Council that he was a supporter of Loeb's policies. The Sunday, January 9 at Palos Hills. The tour- other two men whose names you sent to the Council have not yet appeared before the Committee on Schools nament is sponsored by the Forest Preserve to which their names were referred. No opportunity to District of the All Sports Club. It will be know their policies has therefore yet been afforded to held at two o'clock at 111th Street and Keane the members of the City Council, the teachers or the Avenue. There will be no admission charge. parents. The present member of the Board of Educa- tion whose name you presented for reappointment did not attend the meeting of the Schools Committee of the Council at which parents appeared and lodged com- Blame little satisfaction in Congress cuttin' plaints against her of unjust and unfair treatment of down youah income tax when yuh ain't got them, including threats of having them sent to jail. I requested of the Committee opportunity to present in her none tuh pay, an' the co't-house jackin' up presence this member's voting record. This Board mem- youah valyashun an' propity tax yuh got tuh ber has not been present at the Schools committee meet- pay !-Colonel Jeff Tannehill . ings since that request was made and opportunity so to present that voting record has not been given me and it has not been presented to the Committee. This member's voting record on teachers' councils The old-timers blame the cussedness of the contradicts her statement in regard to teachers' coun- younger generation on everything but heredity . cils which she made to the Schools Committee of the -Arkansas Gazette . City Council on December 16. Copies of this letter are sent to members of the City Council for their information. Respectfully submitted, Teachers —For sale, upright, mahogany (Signed) MARGARET A. HALEY, Business Representative of The Chicago Teachers ' Kranich and Bach piano. Splendid oppor- Federation. tunity for music students. Phone Central 2552 . 140 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 31, 1926 How would you like Your Felt or Straw Hats ENRICI'S is famous no less Reblocked for the enduring and deep into úp-to-date styles? Bobbed hair or con- friendships it has won than servative styles. Small or extremely large headsizes . We have them . We are manu- for the quality of the foods facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- ing Department has access to the best it serves and for the great shapes. A trial will convince you of our efficient service. volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. day, before the matinee, it is the great 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. central meeting place. Now Is the Time to Select Your Fur Coat Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at STAEDTER'S 17 N. State St. HENRICI'S 1302 Stevens Bldg. WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT MACLEAN COLLEGE ofand Music, SpeechDramatic Arts 67 W. Randolph St. "The Little College" for particular people. Vocal Art, Musical Comedy, Stage Craft Expression, Public Speaking, DramaticArt. A perfectly equipped miniature theater for practical work Between Dearborn and Clark Streets xcellent Instructors, Individual Attention, Convenient Location, Enter et Any Time, Promotional Credits for Teachers DR. J. C. MACLEAN M. CATHERINE LYONS Director Music Dept. Director Speech Arts Dept. 2835 S. Michigan Ave. Phone Victory 7514 CHICAGO No orchestral din New Fall Styles Now on Display John J. Moran, Pres. Frank X. Glasen, Vice-Pres. PHONE STATE 4177 All the popular furs-in the newest Mrs. Henry J. Piggott, Secy. designs. Prices that please. John J. Moran Siegel&Barth FUR MFRS. Incorporated FASHIONABLE FURS STORAGE-REMODELING-REPAIRING 39 So. State St. Dear. 6023 and 3359 Room 883 Garland Bldg., 58 E. Washington St., Chicage. DISTINCTIVE PERMANENT 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR WAVING Buy from one who KNOWS values, SpecialAppointment Time SetAside for Teachers and will give you an honest deal Anne Heathcote Studio F. RANKE FUR CO . 606 Republic Building-209 South State Street Telephone Harrison 9060 Second floor Capitol Bldg. FRANCES Specializes in Cutting Curly Hair 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS ORSETS GossardCorsets C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison MOR SPACE RATES For these Snappy Little Ads URS ALL FURS NEWEST STYLES F Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Phone Central 3904 ECRETARIAL TRAINING Day and evening classes, individual F REMODELING CLEANING, REPAIRING FANCHON L. TROEGER, Inc. 4th floor Republic Bldg., State at Adams,Wab. 5555 S and small group instruction. Chicago Secretarial School Formerly Chicago School of Typèng 21 E. Van Buren St. Har. 6450 2 1 3 VOL. NO . MargaretHaley's 8 BULLETIN Chicago, Ill. 28 January 17, 1927 Therefore when we build let us think that we build forever. Let it not be for present delight, nor for present use alone, let it be such work as our descendants will thank us for, and let us think as we lay stone on stone, that a time is to come when those stones will be held sacred because our hands have touched them, and that men will say as they look upon the labor and the wrought substance of them, "See! this our fathers did for us." John Ruskin . 142 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 17, 1927 Enjoy a Are you fat? If so, reduce by the famous PROFITABLE RECREATION TOUR To Europe during July and August. Arranged Especially for Those Interested in GARDNER METHOD ART AND INTERIOR DECORATION at a Special Students' Rate Lower Than Any Since the War. 611-612 Capitol Bldg. , 159 N. State St. Sailing on Palatial Fast Steamer S. S. Homeric from New York , July 2d. Returning to New York on S. S. Majestic, August 30th. Rid yourself of fat and obtain splendid health and vitality. Inex- This Is The Small Group , Exclusive pensive. Positive results. No drugs. Highest endorsements. NATIONAL ACADEMY TOUR (Mention Haley's Bulletin) conducted by our Head Instructor in interior decoration, Frances Harrington, practicing decorator and designer of interiors in New York and Chicago, who has an unusual background of European study and travel. FLOWERS FOR ALL OCCASIONS Price including luncheon and dinner on land; two-day stay in New York with hotel, meals and excursions ; Rail fare Chicago- New York and return; Passport; Vises in five countries : Theatre in London; Theatre and Opera in Paris; Studio Dinner Party in Paris, and motor fares in all countries- THE TOUR INCLUDES ENGLAND , HOLLAND , BELGIUM , FRANCE Streiff&Dagobert _ FLORISTS, AND SPAIN COMPLETE, $862.00 Expert Designer of FloralArt Nevada 0217 3211 W. Madison St. THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ART M. H. DAGOBERT, Mgr . 230 East Ohio Street Chicago, Illinois BARNARD & MILLER REDUCING MASSAGE Law & Commercial Printers MISS ELIN GUSTAVSON'S 172 N. LA SALLE STREET // CHICAGO Massage and Exercise Studio TelephoneFRAnklin 0562 Corrective Gymnastics for Developing and Reducing For Ladies Only Room 1314 Venetian Building 15 East Washington Street 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR Office Phone: Dearborn 4777 Buy from one who KNOWS values, and will give you an honest deal F. RANKE FUR CO. FOR SPACE RATES CALL Second floor Capitol Bldg. CENTRAL 3904 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 Do You Read The Bulletin? Do You Get The Bulletin? Can You Afford To Be Without It? Have You Paid For It? If Not- WILL YOU NOW ? Margaret Haley's Bulletin 127 N. Dearborn St. Subscription Price, $2.00 Central 3904 Make Checks Payable to Margaret Haley's Bulletin MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL . 4. No. 8 January 17, 1927 Page 143 Teachers' Business Representative Will " Tell the World " " The Teachers ' Side of the School Fight " to Be Broadcast by Margaret A. Haley By the Radio Committee fore all Israel and the sun, that he has no The story is told (thanks to " Causes and more brains than a woman ? " Their Champions," by M. A. DeWolfe Howe) Times have changed. Profiting by Susan that some 70 odd years ago, Susan B. Anthony B. Anthony's pioneering, it is the women who horrified a meeting of teachers, most of them have led the teaching profession out of the educational wilderness in which it was sub- women, by her audacity in believing she had a right to speak from the floor and her temer- merged and women no longer have to demand the right to be heard. It is accorded them, ity in urging the point. perhaps still, in self defense ! Not herself a "home girl," she saw fit to Most of the progressive measures in the demand her rights in 1853 at a state meeting interest of the schools and the teachers of of teachers at Rochester, N. Y., the city since Chicago in the last quarter of a century have made famous or notorious by certain educa- been sponsored and many times fought for tional policies . and fought for valiantly by women. The Then a brilliant young woman of 33, Miss business representative of the Chicago Teach- Anthony, the story goes, "for the most of two ers' Federation, like Susan B. Anthony, had days sat silent while all the speaking was to fight her way to recognition against forces done by men (but that was 70 years ago ) , that were armed against her, but now her although two-thirds of those present were facts go unchallenged and her figures un- women. " disputed . When the meeting was discussing the sub- Susan B. Anthony delivered her message ject, "Why the profession of teaching is not to a limited group of listeners three score and as much respected as that of lawyer, doctor ten years ago. or minister," Miss Anthony asked to speak. Miss Margaret Haley will tell the world" It took 30 minutes for the meeting to register next week when her message, "The Teachers' its horror at the idea of " mere woman " speak- Side of the School Fight" will be heard by ing, but perhaps in self defense, at the end an audience of thousands . of a half hour debate, the meeting controlled Miss Haley will broadcast from the Federa- by the male minority, yielded her the floor. tion of Labor radio station, WCFL on the Mu- Her message was : "It seems to me you fail nicipal Pier, the night of January 26, at 6:30 to comprehend the cause of the disrespect of o'clock. Her invisible audience all over the which you complain. Do you not see that so country will hear the details of the Chicago long as society says woman has not brains school situation. enough to be a doctor, lawyer, or minister, but The Station WCFL has a wave length of has plenty to be a teacher, every man of you 491.5 meters. The station operates daily ex- who condescends to teach, tacitly admits be- cept Monday, from 6 to 12 o'clock at night . TOO YOUNG HE KNEW "But, waiter, if this is spring chicken, where Professor : " Tell me what you know about is the wish bone ?" the Age of Elizabeth, Mr. Hicks." "It was too young to wish, sir." -Boston Student (dreamily) : "She'll be nineteen Transcript. next week ." 144 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 17, 1927 From theMast he by The Lookout ad "—and there was Light " To the Teachers of Chicago: The Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil account any increase in assessed valuation of Service of the City Council has completed its property in 1927, nor in 1926, over the assess- investigation into the condition of the Educa- ment of 1925. tional Fund of the Chicago Public Schools . The Schools Committee report finds that The report of the Committee was adopted the entire controversy over the condition of unanimously by the Committee on January the Educational Fund in 1926 was due to in- 14, and will be presented to the City Council accurate and misleading financial statements on Wednesday, January 19. Under the rules, and asks the Board of Education to make a the report will be deferred and published in thorough inquiry into the source of these the Journal of the Proceedings of the City statements and the motive leading to their Council and will be before the Council for issuance. action at the following meeting which will The charge made by the Business Repre- probably be on January 26. The report is sentative of the Chicago Teachers' Federation printed here in full on page 147. that there was $3,800,000 padding in one The report shows that there was a surplus item of proposed expenditures for 1926 in one of $5,175,000 in the Educational Fund on Jan- such financial statement, was sustained by the Committee. uary 1, 1927, instead of the widely advertised The sub-Committee of the Schools Commit- $3,500,000 deficit. Under cover of this would- be deficit drastic curtailments were made in tee investigated this charge, and the docu- vital school activities last September. This ments sustaining it, and reported its findings to the full Committee on December 18. That investigation revealed that these curtailments had never been authorized by the Board of sub-Committee's report was adopted by the Education . full committee on January 14. It is printed in full in this Bulletin on page 148. These curtailments were preliminary to a The Committee's report makes it clear further attempt to stampede the City Council that the way to get the needed revenue for the into authorizing the submission to the voters schools, the City and the County is to cooper- at the November election of the proposition ate with the Board of Cook County Commis- to increase the Educational Fund Tax Rate sioners and the President of that Board in One Dollar. their efforts to get an appraisal of all the The Schools Committee report assures the lands and buildings of the County as a means public that there will be sufficient available of getting a fair, equitable and uniform assess- resources in the Educational Fund to run the ment of real estate at the quadrennial re-as- schools through the year 1927 on the same sessment to be made by the Board of As- basis of salaries and other expenses as in sessors and Board of Review in 1927. 1926 after allowing for increased member- A newspaper fed public has been led to be- ships and extensions the same amount of in- lieve that this investigation into the condition crease in expenditures in 1927 over 1926 that of the Educational Fund was instituted and the 1926 actual expenditures exceeded those kept going by the Schools Committee in order of 1925. This estimate does not take into to delay the consideration by that Committee January 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 145 of the Mayor's nominees to the Board of Edu- sentative of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, cation . Hence some facts that have not been at the close of its investigation on January 11 , presented or have been overlooked by the pub- at the request of members of the Committee. lic are here presented . The Acting President of the Board of Educa- The first published statement that there tion was also requested to present his findings of facts . would be a deficit of $3,500,000 on January 1 , 1927, in the Educational Fund, was made by The Federation's finding of facts shows that the Mayor on August 3 at a public meeting there were two conflicting statements in re- held in the City Council Chamber to consider gard to the condition of the Educational Fund the tentative report of the appraisal of all presented to the City Council on September lands in the central business district of Chi- 15, that both were referred to the Committee cago. on Schools Fire and Civil Service ; that it was The communications in regard to that state- because of these two conflicting statements, ment were printed in full in the Bulletin of the one from the Chicago Teachers' Federa- September 18, 1926. These communications tion, the other from the Chicago Principals' show that the statement that there would be Club, that the Schools Committee undertook a deficit was made on information furnished an investigation to ascertain the facts . the Mayor by the President of the Board of At the first hearing of the Committee on Education, and that the Mayor said he would October 22 the then President of the Board correct the statement if shown that it of Education sent a communication saying cir- was an error. The communications show that cumstances over which he had no control pre- the Business Representative of the Chicago vented his being present and suggested a post- Teachers' Federation tried during the entire ponement of the meeting for two weeks. The month of August to have that misstatement meeting was not postponed. The President of corrected in order to prevent the threatened the Board of Education, Colonel Edward B. curtailment of vital school activities which the Ellicott, went to the hospital that day and Superintendent's bulletin of August 13 an- died on October 25 . nounced were to be made on the ground that The death of Col. Ellicott caused the first there was an immediate shortage in the Edu- postponement of the meeting of the Commit- cational Fund. This bulletin of the Superin- tee scheduled for November 5, and the death tendent was printed in the September 18 issue of County Treasurer P. J. Carr on November of Margaret Haley's Bulletin . 16, caused the second postponement. The The final letter to the Mayor on August 20 next meeting was held on December 2. showed that, on February 18, 1926, the Presi- Meantime, the Mayor, on November 24, pre- dent of the Board of Education told the sented his four appointments to the Board of Committee on Schools of the City Council Education and, with his consent, they were that there would be a surplus of $3,000,000 referred to the Committee on Schools for in the Educational Fund on January 1, 1927, investigation. and urged a speedy correction of the erron- At the meeting on December 2 an attempt eous statement in regard to the condition of was made to have the investigation into the the Educational Fund in order to avoid the condition of the Educational Fund side- threatened drastic curtailments. That effort tracked, and an investigation of the Mayor's ended in failure on August 23 in a conference nominees ordered taken up at the next meet- with the Mayor, in his office, at which the ing. The Committee's time has been given President of the Board of Education and the alternately first to one and then to the other Business Representative of the Chicago of these investigations . Sometimes the two Teachers' Federation were present. investigations have been run consecutively, It was after this failure and after further sometimes concurrently in one meeting, with inaccurate statements were made public that manifest feeling on both sides that each inves- the Chicago Teachers' Federation sent a com- tigation was being used to sidetrack the other. munication first to the Mayor on September The following statements are from the 14 and then to the City Council on September "Finding of Facts" on this investigation pre- 15, setting forth the reasons for the communi- sented to the Schools Committee of the City cation and the facts about the condition of the Council by the Business Representative of the Educational Fund. A statement in regard to Chicago Teachers' Federation on January 11 , this communication and other matters con- 1927 : nected with the investigation was furnished to The communication from the Chicago the Schools Committee by the Business Repre- Teachers' Federation sent to the City Council 146 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 17, 1927 on September 15, 1926, contains the following : (6) That on the basis of this official infor- (1) That this communication dated Sep- mation the Business Representative of the tember 14, 1926, showing that there would be Chicago Teachers' Federation estimated that a surplus of $4,500,000 in the Educational the Board of Education could run the schools Fund on January 1, 1927, was submitted to for the four months from September 1 to De- the City Council by the Chicago Teachers' cember 31, 1926, on the same basis as they Federation on September 15, 1926 ( page were run from January 1 to June 30, 1926, 4514), in reply to a communication presented and have a surplus of more than $4,500,000 on September 15 to the City Council from in the Educational Fund to carry over to Jan- the Chicago principals club, dated September uary 1, 1927. 2, 1926, in which appears the statement that Following are three of the 18 exhibits pre- "Bankruptcy faces the schools unless immedi- sented by the Federation to the Schools Com- ate financial relief is granted” ( page 4372) . mittee : (2) That accompanying this communication ( a) Clippings from the Chicago news- from the President of the Chicago Principals' papers of September 11, showing that a secret Club was a resolution adopted by the Board of conference of members of the Board of Edu- Directors of the Club on September 2, 1926, cation with the Superintendent's staff was the last paragraph of which resolution stated : held on September 10 and drastic curtailments “ The crisis in school affairs is so great that if of vital activities were ordered at this con- the assessment plan has not produced the ference . needed revenue by approximately September (b) Clippings from Chicago newspapers of 15, 1926, the City Council is urged immedi- October 5, stating that the President of the ately to authorize a November, 1926, educa- Board of Education had on that day sent to tional tax levy referendum.” the Mayor a letter denying that the Board of (3) That copies of this resolution of the Education would have $4,500,000 in the Edu- Principals' Club were ordered sent “to the cation Fund on January 1, as claimed in the Mayor, the Clerk of the City Council, each Federation's communication ; and alleging Alderman, the Board of Education, the news- errors amounting to $4,000,000 in the avail- papers, and to Parent- Teachers' Associations able resources shown in that communication, and other civic organizations.” $1,500,000 error in the borrowing power and (4) That on February 18, 1926, the then $2,500,000 in taxes receivable, and $800,000 President of the Board of Education, the late error in the expenditures, and alleging that Edward B. Ellicott, presented to the City my estimated surplus was $4,800,000 too high. Council Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil One of the newspapers stated that "It has Service, a financial statement showing that been mainly on the basis of Miss Haley's fig- the Board of Education would carry over to ures that the teachers have objected to the January 1, 1927, a surplus of approximately retrenchment policy of the School Board, $3,000,000 in the Educational Fund. holding that retrenchment is unnecessary if (5) That President Ellicott's statement the Board has a surplus." (All clippings were that there would be a surplus in the Educa- reproduced in September 18 Bulletin.) tional Fund on January 1, 1927, was confirmed ( c ) Statement dated October 8, 1926, pre- by the information contained in the communi- sented by Albert Keefe of the City Treasurer's cation from the Chicago Teachers' Federation office and Mark M. Foote, from the City Comp- concerning the available resources and the troller's office, verifying and confirming Miss actual expenditures of the Educational Fund Haley's estimate of $4,500,000 of surplus on for the year 1926, and that this information January 1, 1927, shown in the communication was obtained from the authentic official of the Chicago Teachers' Federation of Sep- sources indicated in the communication. The tember 14 and showing that this estimate of information as to resources, available from, resources was not $4,000,000 too high and her (a) tax anticipation warrants, and from (b) estimate of expenditures was not $800,000 too 1925 taxes receivable in 1926 was obtained low, but showing that Miss Haley's estimate from the City Treasurer's office on September of expenditures was $780,000 higher than was estimated by the City Treasurer's office and 13, confirmed in the City Comptroller's office ; that her estimate of resources are accurate . the information as to (c ) other available re- sources and (r) the actual expenditures from January 1 ,to July 31, 1926, was obtained from reports of the Business Manager of the Board of Education. Morgenth . Holy January 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 147 Committee Finds Schools' "Deficit " Unwarranted ; Points to Surplus Chicago Teachers ' Federation Position Justified by Council Committee Findings that justified the position taken close of the year, and which prepared and fur- by the Chicago Teachers' Federation in regard nished to the Committee considerable data on to the condition of the educational fund of the the subject." Chicago public schools, have been announced The Schools Committee on January 14, also by the Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil adopted the report of the sub-committee which Service of the City Council. sustained the charge made by Margaret Haley The report of the sub-committee composed that a wholly unwarranted item of $ 3,800,000 of Aldermen Oscar Nelson, Jacob Arvey and of proposed expenditure for 1926 was included John Clark was made at a meeting of the in the statement submitted by the President Schools Committee Friday, January 14 and of the Board to the Schools Committee at the adopted by the Committee at that meeting. hearing February 18, 1926, on the Board's re- The Committee's report commends the "in- quest to the Council to submit a tax rate dustry, initiative and foresight of the Chicago increase at the April, 1926, election. Teachers' Federation which organization di- Following is the complete report adopted rected the attention of the City Council to the by the Committee on Schools January 14 to fact that the statement that there would be a be presented to the City Council on January deficit on December 31, 1926, was not war- 19 and below that is the report on the $3,800,- ranted and that a surplus would exist at the 000 item : Chicago, January 14, 1927. (a) A duplication of an item of expenditure of To the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Chicago in $3,800,000. City Council Assembled: (b) That the County Treasurer paid in two and Your Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service to a half million dollars which was not calculated in the whom were referred, on September 15, 1926, for investi- statements . gation, two communications concerning the condition (c) Certain economies have been effected which of the Educational Fund of the Chicago Public Schools, had not been anticipated in the statements, results pages 4372 and 4514 of the Journal of Proceedings, hav- of which did not become effective until the close of ing had the same under advisement, submits the fol- the fiscal year. lowing report : We further find that certain special educational ac- Upon investigation of the status of the Educational tivities of great value have been curtailed because of the Fund of the Chicago Public Schools pursuant to resolu- necessity believed to exist on account of what was tion of the Committee, at which investigation were pres- thought to be the financial condition of the schools. ent members, officers and employees of the Board of This Committee commends the industry, initiative and Education and of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, also foresight of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, which parents and other citizens, we find : organization directed the attention of the City Council to 1. That various statements and claims have been made the fact that the statement that there would be a deficit from time to time since February 18, 1926, that bank- on December 31, 1926, was not warranted and that a ruptcy faced the public school system and that there surplus would exist at the close of the year, and which would be a deficit in the Educational Fund of the Chicago prepared and furnished to the Committee considerable Public Schools on the 31st day of December, 1926; and, data on this subject. 2. We find that in almost every instance, these state- It appears evident that the entire controversy over ments were issued and made by reason of financial state- the financial condition of the schools resulted from the ments submitted to the members of the Board of Educa- statements which were clearly inaccurate and we earn- tion creating the impression that there would be a deficit estly petition the Board of Education to conduct an ex- in the Educational Fund at the end of the fiscal year haustive inquiry into the source of these statements and 1926 of approximately $3,500,000 . the motive leading to their issuance, and to endeavor 3. We find that this latter statement was unwarranted to prevent a repetition of statements which are, to say in fact and in truth in that the end of the fiscal year the least, misleading . 1926 developed a surplus of approximately $5,175,000 in We are grateful to the members of the Board of Edu- the Educational Fund. cation who have attended all the meetings of this Com- We base this finding on the following : mittee, participated in the discussions, and have sup- (a) Statements of Officials and Employes of the plied the Committee with such information as was Board of Education . desired. (b) Status of the Educational account as dis- The hearings of your committee have developed that closed by records in the office of the City Treasurer the acting President of the Board of Education, Mr. of Chicago and the City Comptroller of the City of Smietanka; the Chicago Bureau of Public Efficiency, Chicago. and the Chicago Teachers' Federation, all agree that the We find there was a variance of opinion among Board of Education will have sufficient available re- the members of the Board of Education as to the sources in the Educational Fund to operate during the above mentioned statements. The hearings of the year 1927 on the basis of present salary schedules and committee have developed. other existing conditions and with allowances for in- 148 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 17, 1927 creases in school membership and expansion of school shows in addition to this $41,160,629 an item of $3,800,000 activities equal to the amount of such increases in 1926 for operating 36 new schools. over 1925. The foregoing estimate of resources does not 2. We find by the stenographic report of the meeting take into account any increase in assessed valuations in of the Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service either 1926 or 1927. held on February 18, 1926, that the late Col. Ellicott in It is generally conceded by recognized authority both addressing the Committee said: within and without the Board of Education that the edu- "Now, the proposed expenditures cover the present cational fund is in a precarious condition and that relief budget for the year 1926, amounting to $41,000,000. must be brought about in some way to the Board. The To operate the 36 new schools that are coming into annual expenditures of the Board of Education exceed service this year the total of $3,800,000 additional by approximately three millions of dollars its annual expense will be added to the school system." revenue notwithstanding every effort on the part of the 3. We find by the stenographic record of the same Board to balance its budget in this item. proceeding, page 51, that Mr. Edgar N. Greenebaum, The Committee is of the opinion that real property member of the Board of Education, in addressing the in Chicago and Cook County is not assessed on an equal Committee on the same day, said: and uniform basis; that in many instances real property "I think the statement is clear. It says the present is escaping fair taxation. The year 1927 being a quad- budget is $41,160,629, which is over $3,000,000 in excess - rennial year, all land will be re- assessed and sufficient of our income, and added to that is the expense of moneys should be produced through increased land valua- operating the new schools, $3,800,000." tions to properly maintain our public school system with- Upon an examination of the stenographic report of out any increase in the tax rate, which is already too meetings of the Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil high on account of the bulk of valuable property escap- Service, minutes of the meetings, official reports of the ing taxation. Indeed, a substantial reduction in the tax proceedings of the Board of Education, and their official rate is consistent with an increase in public revenue budget for 1926, contained in the proceedings of January adequate to take care of all public needs of the City 27, 1926, and other official documents, memoranda, re- and County, if there is a thorough equalization of assess- ports and statements of the Board of Education, we ment. find that: This condition should be brought to the attention of 1. The item of $41,160,629, the total of the budget for the Board of Assessors and the Board of Review in an the year 1926, has fully provided for all of the ex- effort to have the real value of Chicago real estate re- penditures for the new schools, opened and in operation flected in taxation. in 1926, including teachers' salaries, and that there never The City Council, the Board of Education, and the was any warrant for including in the statement for the Board of Cook County Commissioners are now engaged year 1926, the item above referred to of $3,800,000 for in an active campaign to bring about such equalization opening new schools. of assessments . We find that during the year 1926 there have been The Committee recommends that a copy of this report opened 22 new schools, 19 of which are elementary, 2 be sent to the Board of Education, to the Chicago Prin- are Junior High schools and 1 is a school for crippled cipals' Club, to the Chicago Teachers' Federation and children. to all Parent Teachers' Associations in Chicago by the We find further that the budget for 1926 has provided City Clerk. for 23 new schools, 19 elementary schools and four Respectfully submitted, Junior High schools, but did not provide for the (Signed) Leo M. Brieske, Chairman. Christopher school for crippled children. Two of the Date: January 14, 1927. Junior High schools provided for in the 1926 budget were not opened during the year. From the statements made at the meetings of the REPORT OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service on Decem- COMMITTEE ON SCHOOLS , FIRE , AND CIVIL ber 9 and 10, 1926, of Mr. Nelson B. Henry, Secretary SERVICE , ON $3,800,000 ITEM, PRESENTED TO of the Finance Committee of the Board of Education , THE COMMITTEE ON DECEMBER 18, 1926, and Mr. H. H. Brackett, Auditor of the Board of Edu- ADOPTED ON JANUARY 14, 1927 cation, we find: We, the undersigned, members of the subcommittee 1. That Mr. Henry said he was willing to take full of the Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service of responsibility for the report above referred to, sub- the City Council of Chicago, appointed to investigate mitted to the Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil and check up the charge made by Miss Margaret Haley, Service on February 18, 1926, and that Mr. Brackett representing the Chicago Teachers ' Federation, that an said that the report was prepared in his office. unwarranted item of expenditure of $3,800,000 for operat- 2. That Mr. Henry stated that the figure 1926 on ing 36 new schools was contained in the report showing page 1 of the report submitted to the Committee on the receipts and expenditures of the Educational Fund February 18, 1926 (Exhibit 12) was a typographical error of the Board of Education for the year 1926 ( Exhibit and should be 1927. Mr. Brackett confirmed this state- 12 before this Committee), submitted by the late Edward ment. B. Ellicott, President of the Board of Education, to 3. We find the financial report transmitted to the the Council Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil members of the Board of Education by Mr. Nelson B. Service, on February 18, 1926, at the hearing of that Henry on November 3, 1926 (Exhibit 1 before the Com- Committee on the request of the Board of Education mittee) , contains on page 4 an item of expenditure for that the Council submit to the voters a tax rate increase 1927 of operating 32 new schools, $500,000. for the Educational Fund, make the following report : The Committee recommends that the members of the 1. We find that the report above referred to, sub- Board of Education be given an opportunity to explain mitted on February 18, 1926, shows on page 1, among this discrepancy. other things, an item of $41,160,629, the total budget for (Signed) Oscar F. Nelson, J. M. Arvey, John S. Clark. the Educational Fund for the year 1926, and that it also December 18, 1926. January 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 149 County Board Takes Action for County-Wide Appraisal Authorizes Commission to Obtain Scientific Assessment of Property Progressive steps toward the appraisal of The Commission is authorized to proceed Cook County have been taken by the Board with the drafting of a plan for the appraisal of Cook County Commissioners in a report of land and buildings in Cook County to serve presented by President Cermak on December as a basis for a scientific re- assessment of real 6, 1926 (Document No. 17107. ) estate for taxation purposes in 1927. The report provides for a Commission on The Chicago Teachers' Federation at its Real Estate Valuation to study and make meeting January 15 endorsed the action taken recommendations to the County Board on the by the County Board. procedure for obtaining a scientific assess- Following is the statement addressed to ment of real estate in the County and to the County Board by its president, Anton J. continue as a joint advisory agency in direct- Cermak and adopted unanimously by the Board ing the appraisal work. January 4 : December 6, 1926. items against which assessments are now spread. In To the Honorable, 1925 there were approximately 400,000 individual real estate assessments in the country towns and approxi- The Board of Cook County Commissioners, mately 520,000 in the city towns or a total of approxi- Chicago, Illinois . mately 920,000 individual real estate items against which Gentlemen : Under the resolution which was unani- real estate assessments were spread in Cook County. mously adopted by the Board of County Commissioners For the 1926 taxes, it is estimated that the country on October 25, 1926, I was requested to submit informa- town figures will be increased to approximately 480,000 tion and suggestions to the newly organized County Board for use by the Finance Committee in making separate items and the city town figures to approxi- mately 535,000 items, making an aggregate of 1,015,000 its report on an appropriation for 1927 to provide for a County wide appraisal of improved and unimproved real separate real tstate assessments in the entire County. Data on the number of improved and unimproved estate and development of procedure for the assessment of real estate on a scientific, equitable and uniform basis parcels of land in the County were obtained from the beginning with the quadrennial assessment of 1927 . report made by the County Clerk to the State Auditor. In order that early and definite decision may be In this report it is shown that there were in 1925, a reached on the practical steps to be taken for this grand total of 541,842 improved lots and approximately County-wide appraisal and the development of a plan 501,752 unimproved or vacant lots. In addition, there for the scientific assessment of such property for pur- were 138,753 acres of improved lands and 121,013 acres poses of taxation, I beg leave to submit the following of unimproved lands . information and suggestions for your consideration and These figures furnish some idea as to the extent of action. the problem and the necessity for decision as to the The major provisions which, in my opinion, should division of the work between the city and country towns. be set up as essential for the successful carrying through It will also be seen that the carrying through of this of this work and on which any appropriation for such large program will require expert guidance in the de- work should be premised are : velopment of procedure and uniform standards in land and building valuation and in developing of rules and (1 ) The appraisal of real estate values of Cook County, for both land and improvements, though procedure for the adoption, interpretation, installation and administration of the plan. separately for each, to produce a fair and equit- able value for taxation purposes which will be The adoption of the equitable and scientific plan above as nearly a uniform percentage of actual values outlined would bring about many important results and as can reasonably be obtained. cumulative benefits to the tax assessing and spending agencies as well as to the general public. Besides the (2) The appraisal to be made under the direction and assistance rendered the tax assessing and reviewing supervision of competent professional appraisers offices , there would come about increased confidence who use a systematic method. and resultant increased willingness of each taxpaying (3) The set-up of a plan, procedure and adminis- citizen to bear his allotted share, a fairer and better trative methods whereby such appraisals and uni- distribution of the tax burden, the adjustment of assess- form standards can be kept currently up- to-date. ments in harmony with the general plan, easy detec- (4) The set-up of a procedure whereby the general tion of errors and decreased losses and cost of collec- public can be made acquainted with the basis tions-all of which benefits will be shared equally by of such apraisals for any particular parcel of the taxpayers, the several local governments and the property, and with the extent of the departure officials responsible under the law for the equitable of the Board of Assessors or the Board of Re- assessment of property. view, in their assessments, from such appraisals . The problem of the appraisal of real estate values An idea of the extent of the problem may be obtained and the administration of approved plans and procedure from data on the total number of individual real estate for scientific assessment of such property to assure equit 150 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 17, 1927 able and uniform distribution of the tax burden, is, in my the Board of Assessors, the three members of the Board opinion, distinctly a function of the County officials of Review, three members of the Board of County having to do with these activities. Commissioners consisting of the President of the County While the Board of County Commissioners, as the Board and the Chairmen of the Board Committees on appropriating body for the County assessing and re- Finance and Public Service, and fifteen citizens par- viewing functions, has indicated its interest in and sup- ticularly qualified to advise upon such matters, to be port of this program, it is obvious that the full benefits designated from among some of the leading civic organ- from this work to all concerned can only be obtained izations . through full hearted co- operation and association in the I propose to appoint the following citizen members work and the adoption of the plan, in principle, by the on this Joint Commission as designated from some of Board of Assessors and Board of Review and the gen- the leading civic organizations : eral public. Mr. Joseph K. Brittain The Board of Assessors and the Board of Review Mr. Albert J. Brockman have a fund of information on the location, distribution Mrs. Henry W. Cheney and values of improved and unimproved real estate and General Abel Davis the use of these along with the experience of the mem- Mr. Joseph H. Defrees bers and the valuation staffs of these offices would be Mr. George O. Fairweather of tremendous help in carrying on the survey and in the Mr. Edward E. Gore development and administration of the complete plan. Mrs. B. F. Langworthy The appraisal recently completed of all real estate in Mr. Joseph R. Noel the central business district of Chicago under the joint Mr. Victor A. Olander supervision of the City Council of Chicago and the President Walter Dill Scott Board of Education is also of value in this connection Mr. Gordon Strong and will be of direct use in the development of uniform Professor Jacob Viner and equalized valuations of central business district Mr. Henry Zander property. The representatives of a number of such organizations Effective and valuable work has also been done during have been studying this problem for some time and I the past three years by a conference of delegates from have every reason to believe that these citizen members some twenty- six civic organizations, known as the "Civic will serve. In the event that it is not possible for them Conference on Taxation" in the investigation of condi- to serve, I shall request the officers of such civic organi- tions and development of constructive suggestions on zations as shown in the following to designate from the procedure for the development of a scientific valu- among their membership such additional citizen mem- ation of land for taxation purposes. This Conference bers for the Joint Commission as may be required from on Taxation has already held extended conferences with time to time. the members of the Board of Assessors and Board of All Chicago Council Review, his Honor, the Mayor and other public officials , Building Managers Association all of whom have expressed themselves as greatly in- Chicago Association of Commerce terested in the modernization of our taxation system Chicago Federation of Labor and have indicated approval in principle of the working Chicago Real Estate Board out of a complete plan for the scientific assessment of City Club of Chicago real estate for taxation purposes. The merging of the Civic Conference on Taxation interests and support of all these agencies is essential Civic Federation of Chicago in agreeing on the plan of procedure and assuring the Commercial Club sound development and the effective administration of Cook County Real Estate Board the plan after it is adopted. Council of Cook County League of Women Voters It is my opinion that an invitation for joint associa- Industrial Club tion and utilization of the experiences of the above Union League Club County officials and citizen representatives of various Western Society of Engineers civic organizations in Cook County qualified to advise Women's City Club upon these matters is, therefore, the first practical step In order to proceed on this program, I recommend to be taken to assure a well worked out recommenda- that the County Board authorize the President of the tion on the plan and organization of the work and on the County Board to appoint the Joint Commission on Real appropriation for carrying through the program . Estate Valuation in the manner indicated above and I, therefore, respectfully suggest the establishment by that the County Board request and authorize this Joint the County Board of a joint Commission on Real Estate Commission to proceed, immediately after its appoint- Valuation to study and make recommendations to the ment, to the drafting of a plan of procedure for the County Board on the procedure for obtaining a scien- appraisal of land and buildings in Cook County to serve tific assessment of real property in the County, and then as a basis for the scientific assessment of real property to continue as a joint advisory agency in directing and for taxation purposes, to make recommendations to the guiding the appraisal work and in the development of County Board as to the appointment of professional procedure for the adoption, interpretation and effective appraisers and for the necessary appropriation for the administration of the complete plan. work on the valuation and development of adminis- This work, if started on or about the first of the trative plan and procedure and to continue its work in coming year and carried on under the supervision of supervising and guiding the development, adoption, in- such professional appraisers, with the co - operation and terpretation and administration of the plan and pro- assistance of representatives of the Board of Assessors cedure, after their adoption in association and co -opera- and Board of Review, could be completed in time for tion with the Board of Assessors and the Board of use in the coming quadrennial revaluation. Review. Respectfully submitted, I recommend that this Joint Commission on Real ANTON CERMAK, Estate Valuation should include the five members of President Board of Cook County Commissioners. January 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 151 Labor Protests Confirmation of 1 Dr. Schmidt and Mrs. Hefferan Resolution Passed Unanimously Against Two Appointees Resolutions from the Chicago Federation were running on Platoon plans more than a year and of Labor protesting the appointment of Dr. half ago and we find that since that date the platooning Otto L. Schmidt and the reappointment of of schools has gone on steadily; and WHEREAS , The Board of Education abolished the Mrs. Helen S. Hefferan as members of the Teachers' Councils as organized by Ella Flagg Young, Board of Education are scheduled to be pre- and substituted therefor a "hand-picked conference of sented to the Mayor and the City Council the Superintendent," after these Councils had, in March, Wednesday, January 19, 1927 . 1924, gone on record unanimously against the Platoon The resolution was adopted unanimously School, before the adoption of the Platoon School, and by the Federation of Labor at a meeting Sun- after the councils had asked that information as to the day, January 16, 1927. Copies of the resolu- Board's intention in regard to Junior High Schools be tion will be sent to all the local unions and to given to the Public before any action be taken in regard to Junior High Schools; and all the members of the city council . WHEREAS , When the representatives of the Chicago The resolution holds Mrs. Hefferan " more Federation of Labor at a hearing before the School Ad- than any other member responsible for the ministration Committee of the Board of Education, on adoption of the platoon school and junior high June 3, 1924, protested against the adoption of the Junior school system and for forcing these systems High School, members of the Board of Education de- clared publicly that the Junior High School which had permanently down the throats of the citizenry been adopted on May 14, 1924, was adopted as "an ex- of Chicago over the protest of parents and periment" to be tried out in four or five schools that teachers." It says further that representatives have been picked out for experimental purposes, and that of the Chicago Federation of Labor and par- the experiment would be stopped if it was not a success in those schools; and ents of school children were " flouted and WHEREAS , Without any report to the Board of treated with contempt and their opinions dis- Education or to the Public on this "experiment," a dozen regarded and given no consideration when Junior High Schools are now in operation or in process they appeared before Mrs. Hefferan in her of opening and more are under way, and children are official capacity." being forced into these Junior High Schools and kept Their objection to Dr. Schmidt is based on out of the Senior High Schools over the protests of parents, children and teachers ; and his support of the Loeb policies which in- WHEREAS, A recommendation is now before the cluded the dismissal of teachers without Board of Education to employ 13 more testers to test notice, charges or trial . the "intelligence" of the children, while parents and Following are the resolutions : teachers know that the unfortunate children are now WHEREAS, The Chicago Federation of Labor on being tested to death in the schools; and July 26, 1924, unanimously adopted a report of its Execu- WHEREAS, Mrs. William S. Hefferan, whose name is tive Board protesting against the adoption by the Board now before the City Council for confirmation for a five of Education of the Platoon School, the Junior High year term on the Board of Education, more than any School, and the classifying of children on the basis of other member of the Board of Education, is responsible so- called "Intelligence Tests," and declared that these for the adoption of the Platoon and Junior High School three revolutionary policies are developments in the systems and for forcing these systems permanently down movement which has for its objective the curtailment the throats of the citizenry of Chicago over the protest of public education on the plea of public economy; that of parents and teachers ; and "a false theory of economy, developed in industry is now WHEREAS , Representatives of the Chicago Federa- being applied in the public schools ; that it is an example tion of Labor and parents of school children were flouted of materialistic efficiency gone mad ; " and and treated with contempt and their opinions disregarded WHEREAS , The Platoon School has been declared by and given no consideration when they appeared before educators to be "exactly the factory system applied to Mrs. Hefferan in her official capacity, and were told that the education of the child" and a cheap way of housing it is the business of the Board to decide educational poli- school children by crowding more children into a school cies and that parents have no right even to protest ; and, plant than the school will seat; and WHEREAS , The name of Dr. Otto A. Schmidt is also WHEREAS , The Platoon School was adopted by the before the City Council for confirmation as member of Board of Education on July 9, 1924, as "an experiment, " the Board of Education, and Dr. Schmidt told the Council Committee on Schools that he was a member of the but we find that without further action by the Board of Education, without even a pretense of a report to the Public School League, which, he said, supported Jacob Public or to the Board in regard to the results of this M. Loeb, former member and President of the Board of "experiment,” and over the protest of parents and teach- Education, and his school policies; and ers, and were so reported by the Superintendent in his WHEREAS, Some of the Loeb policies were : dis- annual report of June 20, 1925, which reported 60 schools missal of teachers without notice, charges, or trial; deny 152 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 17, 1927 ing teachers the right to organize; and cutting teachers' RESOLVED, That we request the Council Committee salaries ; and on Schools to make a thorough investigation of the WHEREAS , When asked by members of the City operation of the platoon and program system as well as Council Committee on Schools what he thought of dis- the Junior High School System, which have been estab- charging teachers summarily from the school system lished in the schools, and that they refuse to confirm without a trial, he replied that it may or may not be any nominee of the Mayor for appointment to the Board necessary, that it depends on the system, that it is done of Education who favors a further extension of the in large businesses and may also be appropriate for the Junior High and Platoon Schools, or any other revolu- school system; tionary changes in the school policy, without first accord- Now, therefore be it ing to the citizenry an opportunity to be heard thereon; RESOLVED , That we the Chicago Federation of and be it further Labor in regular meeting assembled on Sunday, January RESOLVED , That these resolutions be sent to the 16, 1927, do hereby protest to the Council Committee on Mayor, the City Council, the Council Committee on Schools, and request that they refuse to confirm for re- Schools , and a copy to each alderman with the informa- appointment, Mrs. William S. Hefferan, and refuse to tion that our Chicago Federation of Labor shall watch confirm the appointment of Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, for the with interest their action in this very vital and important reasons stated in this resolution; and be it further matter to the children of Chicago. Chicago Teachers' Federation Reiterates Stand vs. Salary Schedule Superintendent's " Salary Adjustment " Recommendation Goes to Committee At its meeting Saturday, January 15, the increase to be submitted to the voters . Chicago Teachers' Federation reaffirmed the It objects to Superintendent Mc- stand it took a year ago against the considera- Andrew's proposed " salary adjustment " tion by the Board of Education of salary in- which takes from the poorest paid group creases when the income for payment of sala- and adds it to the highest paid. ries is admitted to be inadequate to continue It objects to any discussion of salary in- the payment of the present salary schedules creases or tax rate increases at this time for teachers beyond the year 1927. when the County Board and other organi- The Federation Saturday went on record as zations are trying to work out a program still opposed to the proposed salary schedule to obtain a uniform, scientific re- assess- of 1925 which the Superintendent on January ment of the real estate of Cook Co. in this 12, recommended that the Board again take quadrennial re-assessment year, 1927 . up for consideration. Following is the recommendation of the The Federation objects to any salary Superintendent January 12, 1927, referred to increase predicated on a proposed tax rate the Finance Committee. 16279 with seeing that the work of instruction in these build- SALARY ADJUSTMENT ings shall be thorough and efficient. We all recognize TO THE BOARD OF EDUCATION : that every other consideration is supplementary to this. Ladies and Gentlemen : Those who are provided for in the salary schedules have In February, 1924, you addressed yourselves to the ad- by depreciation of the currency been required, out of justment of the salary schedules for the employes of the all proportion, to sustain financial loss, while those con- Education Department. It was agreed that a careful cerned and supplying the supplementary features of the study should be made of the whole question of salaries , educational service: buildings, supplies, labor, clerical living expenses , etc., and reported back to you. On work, etc., have had their income properly adjusted to March 11 , 1925, ( Report No. 11013, board proceedings , the higher cost of living. While this condition con- pages 840-852) I made a report and proposed salary tinues it is indisputable that Chicago cannot hold, through schedules for the entire department. any considerable period of time, a quality of educational You gave consideration to this report and these sched- service comparable with that of other cities which have ules, and on April 27, 1925, (pages 1409-1414 of the board adjusted the remuneration for educational service. proceedings ) you adopted them. As you are now considering the budget for the present But on May 22, 1925, (page 1431 of the board pro- year and the reasons for the adjustment of salaries are ceedings ) you reconsidered their adoption. even more urgent than they were in 1925, may I respect- Quite properly the Board of Education has, in its en- fully deavor to recover from the delays occasioned by the RECOMMEND that you take this matter up for further war, addressed itself strenuously to supplying needed consideration at this time, and adopt the schedules ? school buildings to carry on the work of the depart- WM. McANDREW. ment. The Board has at the same time concerned itself Chicago, Jan. 7, 1927. January 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 153 Do Critics of Schools Suffer for Action ? Asks the Daily News After Rogers Park Delegation Protests de Have the critics of the Chicago schools and and of how the Sullivan junior high, after being sched- tier their administration been penalized ? The uled to cost $1,500,000, had cost $2,200,000 already. "A few days before that meeting a certain person Chicago Daily News inquires in an article ap- connected with the board of education came to me and pearing January 11, 1927. attempted to dissuade me from appearing before the The story was printed after representatives council committee. I put the matter up to our asso- E of organizations from the Rogers Park dis- ciation and we felt it our duty to appear anyway. Opposition Shows Its Head trict had appeared before the Committee on " Last week we were haled before the school board Schools, Fire and Civil Service to protest committee on buildings and grounds for a hearing to against the turning over of the site for an decide whether or not a school is necessary at Lake- wood and Columbia avenues. Another group of citizens elementary school for a junior high school. A had appeared to say it was not. stenographic report of the hearing was "I chatted with members of the committee after the printed in the last issue of the Bulletin . hearing, and almost unanimously I was given to un- Following is the article from the News of derstand there was little chance of the school being built. January 11, 1927 : "I believe the counter-action was engineered in an effort to punish us for appearing before the council By HAROLD O. TOTTEN committee. 2 "In the meantime we are desperate as to what to do. When fathers and mothers of Rogers Park school chil- dren appeared before the city council schools committee The two sites for the portables are being rented from to make statements concerning administration of the month to month for $600 a month, and building indica- schools did they do so at the cost of the new elementary tions are such that the sites probably will not be avail- school promised them to replace two sets of portables able much longer. now in that district? The Results They Fear This is the question that today is occupying the minds "There are twenty classrooms vacant in near- by ele- of members of the Rogers Park Parents' association mentary schools caused by the opening of the Sullivan as they face the task of obtaining school facilities within junior high. We are afraid they will try to shift our walking distance of their homes for their younger chil- children into those rooms, which means that they will dren. After being promised such a school months ago, have to go three- quarters of a mile or even a mile or developments occurred before the buildings and grounds more to school. That is altogether too far for children committee of the school board last Friday that may of that age, especially as it involves dangerous street nullify their efforts. crossings . And it means added expense and worry if the youngsters ride to and from school morning, noon As Mrs. Carr Sees Situation and afternoon . The story of the present situation in the Loyola dis- "We know there are 1,000 children in this district trict of Rogers Park is explained by Mrs. Bradley S. who either are in the portables, are going more than Carr, 1132 Loyola avenue, who has been a member of a half mile to school or are in private schools. They the association since its establishment, as follows : need this elementary school in question. In answering "Our children formerly attended school in portables the questions of the aldermen we seem to have lost the on the site now occupied by the Sullivan junior higlı school . We do not believe we deserve that treatment. " school. When that school was built they were put into Chicago Daily News, Jan. 11, 1927. portables at Clark and North Shore avenue, and at Loyola and Lakewood avenues. PAGING CHAOS "We protested at the time. We wanted an elementary "Your predecessor," said the publisher to school, not a junior high. But we lost out. However, the new traveling salesman, "has got his busi- the board promised us an elementary school, and finally ness all tangled up and I expect you will have decided on a site at Lakewood and Columbia avenues . a difficult time to get order out of chaos ." In the meantime the children were kept in the danger- " I don't know who Chaos is," replied the ously located portables or sent long distances to other new man cheerfully, "but I bet I can get an schools. order out of him if I have to hang onto him for Dangerous for Children a week . " "To show the danger at that Clark street location, two little youngsters have been taken to the hospital IN CHICAGO with injuries suffered there on Clark street recently, and "Now, William," said his teacher, testing a policeman stationed there had his hand hurt saving her class on proverbs, "you ought to be able another child. It is those things that worry the par- to finish this one-it's very easy : Cleanliness ents up here almost to distraction. is next to ?" "Now, on Dec. 18 I appeared before the city council committee and told, among other things, the danger our Willie promptly answered, "Cleanliness is children are in; of our fight for an elementary school, next to impossible ! " 154 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 17, 1927 " Greater Faith Hath Shopping with the No Man" Bulletin Mrs. Ella Flagg Young's administration of Renewal of last year's advertising contracts the schools succeeded largely through her for The Bulletin and the signing of new, de- counsel with the teachers, according to the pend upon the patronage of the teachers, their Chicago Journal , which adds that " Chicago families and friends . schools never experienced a more peaceful or With their usual loyalty, the teachers have progressive administration than when Ella responded and have visited the places of busi- Flagg Young was superintendent. ” ness of the Bulletin advertisers, but we have Following is the editorial, printed January discovered that in many cases the teachers 10, 1927 : have not made known to the shop-keepers the There is little likelihood the Chicago High School fact that they visited the shop as a result of Teachers' council will get very far with its plan for sim- seeing the advertisement in The Bulletin. Ad- plifying and improving management of the schools of vertisers, therefore, have been unable to trace the city. Chicago conducts some of its affairs on the theory that a politician knows more about everything the results of their advertising or to accredit than an expert knows about anything. Education should it to the Bulletin readers . The Bulletin read- be chiefly in the hands of educators .. The attitude of ers form the bond between the advertisement the board of education for years has tended to be- in The Bulletin and new and increased busi- little the teacher, who completes the educational triangle ness for the advertisers . which includes also the taxpayer and the pupil. The Chicago schools never experienced a more peaceful or The Bulletin Management Committee, progressive administration than when Ella Flagg Young therefore, is asking ALL the Bulletin readers was superintendent, and she more frequently took coun- to co-operate in a movement to help the ad- sel with the working teachers than ever has been done vertisers obtain good results from their Bul- by any other superintendent within memory. The teach- letin advertising. ers are neither so ignorant nor so devoid of interest in the schools that they could not wisely be made the Will you help by : source of Chicago's whole educational policy and plan. 1. Clipping out the Bulletin Advertisers ' However, if they have faith in their ability to take the Shopping List on the reverse side of this public school system out of politics, they have much space and keeping it in your purse for ready faith indeed. It is to be hoped it is the kind of faith reference. that moves mountains . 2. Visiting the shops of five advertisers Editorial, Chicago Journal, Jan. 10, 1927 . next week, five the following, etc., until you have covered the list. 3. Saying in each shop that you are a Bulletin reader and saw the ad in The Bul- Climbing letin. 4. Reporting at the next Federation meet- (A teacher's song) ing any recommendations or suggestions I try to hold a steady lamp you have to make regarding the advertisers For little feet that stumble, visited. And help to loose the vexing knots 5. Sending to the Bulletin office names of For little hands that fumble. prospective advertisers, shops which you pat- ronize and which are not Bulletin adver- I try to wake the sleeping god tisers, etc. And clear the path for him ; 6. Co-operating in any special task in And with the sparkling wine of life which the Bulletin Management asks you to These empty pitchers brim. help. On any advertising contracts which the I strive that I may always be teachers solicit, the Bulletin has to pay no Patient and strong and wise. commission. We shall appreciate any adver- My rich reward is that I see tising the teachers can get for the Bulletin . The light in children's eyes. We are grateful for your loyalty in help- ing us get last year's advertisers. Will you But God, hold thou my other hand help us hold them and get new ones ? Please (For one is clasped in theirs ) ; do it NOW. BULLETIN MANAGEMENT So shall we climb, both they and I, COMMITTEE Thy long and toilsome stairs . (Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready Bertha F. Gordon . reference.) January 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 155 Neighbor City Will Stop to Shop Discuss Tax Values Joliet Confronted with Serious School BEAUTY SHOP Finance Problem The Ideal Beauty Shop, 162 N. State Street CAFETERIAS How other cities are meeting the financial Ontra-4th Floor Garland Building stress confronting their schools is illustrated 1 CORSETS in the clipping from the Joliet Herald-News Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street of January 11, 1927, printed below. Stella Hageman, 17 N. State Street After a proposal to increase the tax rate L. M. McPherson-517 Venetian Building Mrs. F. E. Wick (Spencer)—15 E. Washington Street for educational purposes was defeated at the EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE polls twice by the Joliet voters, action has Laura Mae Hayward-2001 Straus Building been taken for a meeting to discuss an in- ELECTROLYSIS crease in tax values . Martha B. Dowdy-Room 800, 5 S. Wabash Avenue Following is the newspaper article : Louise B. Everett- Room 1033 , 17 N. State Street Members of the city school board are ready to confer FLORISTS with Lee Morris, township assessor, for a discussion of Streiff and Dagobert-3211 W. Madison Street tax values of Joliet township and the amount of revenue FURS sufficient for the operation of city schools, it was an- O. R. May- Room 501, Capitol Building nounced at a meeting last night by Arthur Leach, presi- John J. Moran-58 E. Washington Street dent. F. Ranke-Room 309, Capitol Building Siegel and Barth-39 S. State Street Mr. Leach pointed out that the city schools were not Murray- Black, 21 N. Wabash Avenue receiving sufficient revenues . He said, however, that if Robert Staedter-17 N. State Street taxable values in the school district were greatly in- Fanchon Troeger-209 S. State Street LINE- ALONG creased the board would be willing to cut its tax rate THIS HANDICRAFT MATERIALS OUT to a figure for sufficient revenue. CUT Favor Ruhl Co., 425 S. Wabash Avenue It is probable that members of the finance committee HATS SHAPED of the city school board and Attorney Frank Jones will Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching - 12 Ν. meet with Mr. Morris before he starts his tax revalua- Michigan Avenue tion. JEWELRY A pay roll amounting to $ 19,848 was approved by the Harry J. Baby, Room 703, 29 E. Madison Street board. MASSAGE and EXERCISE Members of the board requested Attorney Frank Jones Elin Gustavson Studio-15 E. Washington Street to study a recent decision of the supreme court holding MILLINERY that school boards can levy an additional tax for erection Kora Fowler-30 N. Michigan Avenue of new buildings . RADIOS Joliet Herald News, January 11 , 1927. Arthur E. Anderson, 1757 Sunnyside Avenue REDUCING METHODS SUBSCRIPTION Edgewater System, 1126 Granville Avenue to W. R. Gardner, 611-612 Capitol Bldg. PERMANENT WAVE Anne Heathcote -209 S. State Street MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN A. G. Heding, 15 E. Washington St. Name . PRINTERS Address . Barnard and Miller-172 N. La Salle Street (Street and Number) READY- TO-WEAR Murray Black Co.-21 N. Wabash Avenue ..City Greene's-230 S. Michigan Avenue Subscription price $2.00 per year. RESTAURANTS MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 SECRETARIAL TRAINING N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. Garnett L. Stevens-21 E. Van Buren Street SHORTHAND REPORTER George Johnson, 1105 Ashland Blk. SUITS and CLOAKS MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Harvey and Co.- 135 S. State Street MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher TEA ROOM Julia King—122 N. Dearborn Street MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten TOURS months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. C. O. Sundstrom, Lake View High School THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, National Academy of Art, 230 E. Ohio Street 15 Cents. VOCATIONAL COUNSELOR LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. E. W. Drake, Atlantic Hotel. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of VOICE CULTURE Maclean College-2835 S. Michigan Avenue MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready reference Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago (Over) Phone Central 3904 156 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 17, 1927 How would you like Your Felt or Straw Hats ENRICI'S is famous no less Reblocked H for the enduring and deep into up-to- date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- servative styles. Small or extremely large friendships it has won than headsizes . We have them. We are manu- for the quality of the foods facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- ing Department has access to the best it serves and for the great shapes . A trial will convince you of our efficient service . volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. day, before the matinee, it is the great 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. central meeting place. Now Is the Time to Select Your Fur Coat Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at STAEDTER'S HENRICI'S 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT Phones Central 2551-2552 Res . Park Ridge 3994 67 W. Randolph St. GEORGE W. JOHNSON Between Dearborn and Clark Streets SHORTHAND REPORTER 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS No orchestral din Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation TEACHERS New Fall Styles Now on Display You are cordially invited to refer your students to us for All the popular furs—in the newest beginning or review work in shorthand, typewriting, book. designs . Prices that please . keeping. They are assured private instruction by competent teachers. We can prepare you to instruct in shorthand, typewriting and bookkeeping . Our correspondence courses will help you Siegel&Barth FUR MFRS prepare. SHORTHAND COACH SCHOOL MYRTLE M. VOSS 39 So. State St. Dear. 6023 and 3359 101-3-4-5 Auditorium Building 431 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Wabash 3732; Harrison 1995 SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C. " SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS ORSETS , CORSELETTES, DGEWATER SYSTEM for grace, ORSETS beauty and charm, reducing stout GossardCorsets LINGERIE women, upbuilding underweights. C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison C STELLA HAGEMAN 1328 Stevens B.dg. Ask to see the "Kickernick" 17 N. State St the blomer that satisfies E If you are interested in scientific health preserving methods Call Rogers Park 0275 1126 Grandville Ave. RE YOU SATISFIED ? NEWEST STYLES ECRETARIAL TRAINING A vocational analysis will help URS ALL FURS you better to understand your- Day and evening classes, individual F REMODELING CLEANING, REPAIRING FANCHON L. TROEGER, Inc. 4th floor Republic Bldg., State at Adams,Wab.5555 A self, your pupils and human na- ture. Details free. E. W. DRAKE, Vocational Counselor Suite 111 , Hotel Atlantic S and small group instruction. Chicago Secretarial School Formerly Chicago School of Typing 21 E. Van Buren St. Har. 6450 Phone Wabash 2646 UROPE Best for the OR SPACE RATES Money E C. O. SUNDSTROM , Teacher Lake View High School 3766 Ward St. FO For these Snappy Little Ads MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Apply Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Phone Central 3904 201 27 VOL . NO . IV MargaretHaley's 9 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . February 15, 1927 INNcame old days there were angels who and took men by the hand and led them away from the city of destruc- tion. We see no white winged angels now . But yet men are led away from threatening destruction: A hand is put into theirs, which leads them forth gently toward a calm and bright land, so that they look no more backward; and the hand may be a little child's . [From George Eliot's " Silas Warner. " ] 00 158 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 Chill Winter Evenings and ACompanionable Radio To Our radios are of the BETTER GRADE, EASY TO OPERATE, and GUARANTEED FOR A YEAR WITH FREE SERVICE . To teachers having any type of radio set: We will make a first call to inspect your radio and test your tubes and batteries without charge or obligation . NEA Phone or write us for an appointment at your convenience American Radiophone Not Inc. Supply Co. ARTHUR E. ANDERSON, Mgr. 1757 Sunnyside Avenue Phone Ravenswood 4741 and the Greatest Attraction of the West on One Low Cost Tour BAIN'S Here is a trip that will thrill you - A NEW SHOP FOR WOMEN charm you. See Yellowstone - one of the world's Dresses great spectacles with its spouting gey- in Sizes 14 to 56 sers, sputtering paint pots, plunging Price range $16.75 to $45.00 waterfalls, friendly wild animals, and No Charge for Alterations wild flowers . No additional charge for Larger sizes On to Seattle, with a ride of 200 miles Intelligent Service along the beautiful Columbia River, Open Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday Evenings through one of the world's most pic- turesque gorges . BAIN'S Visit Portland, Tacoma, Vancouver, Suite 1224, Stevens Building Victoria. See Mt. Rainier, Puget Sound and continue on to Alaska ifyou choose. Then down the Coast to California San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego , beaches, missions, big trees . Delicious Cooking On your way east, stop at the newest and most colorful wonderland of the Charming Surroundings West-Zion National Park, Bryce Can- Moderate Prices yon, CedarBreaks, Kaibab Forest,North Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. Rim of Grand Canyon. Comfortable, Luncheon .$0.60 all-expense motor tours . O CAG See Beautiful Salt Lake City, Dinner ... Sunday Dinner 1.00 .. 1.25 O R T H STERN the CHI MormonTemple and Taber- WE ..... .. N nacle andGreat Salt Lake. Colo- rado, Rocky Mt. National Park, JULIA KING'S LI NE Denver, Pikes Peak-your near- est mountain playground. Tea Room The Union Pacific reaches them 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET OVERLA UNION PACIFIC all, on one tour, or individually. ROU THE ND Special-very low side trip fares We will gladly assist in plan- ning an itinerary to fit your requirements as to time and TE expense. Are you fat? If so, reduce by the famous toYellowstoneenroute to Ν.Ε.Α. GARDNER METHOD Mail Coupon Today 611-612 Capitol Bldg., 159 N. State St. Address C. & N. W.-U. P. Line 6 So. La Salle St. , or 148 So. Clark St., Rid yourself of fat and obtain splendid health and vitality. Inex. Chicago, Ill. Chicago, Ill . pensive. Positive results. No drugs. Highest endorsements. Phone Randolph 0421 Phone Dearborn 2323 (Mention Haley's Bulletin) Please send me complete information and booklets concerning a trip to Pacific Northwest Yellowstone California Zion National Park Colorado A Name BARNARD &MILLER Law & Commercial Printers Street 172 N. LA SALLE STREET // CHICAGO State_ City. Telephone FRAnklin 0562 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL . 4. No. 9 February 15, 1927 Page 159 Teachers Organize Their Own Credit- Union Plan Members May Borrow Money on Easy Terms and Co -operative Basis For the benefit of teachers who wish to bor- the banking department of the State of Illi- row money on easy and safe terms, the Chi- nois. Offices are in the Federation rooms , 127 cago Teachers' Federation Credit Union has N. Dearborn street, and office hours are from been established . 3 to 4 o'clock on the second and fourth Satur- days of the school month, when information The union is a co-operative savings and loan association operating under the laws of regarding the Credit Union may be obtained from Margaret Powell, secretary-treasurer. the State of Illinois. It is composed exclu- Miss Powell's home address is 1215 Winona sively of Chicago school teachers and operates Ave., telephone Edgewater 4633. exclusively for their benefit. It is also man- aged exclusively by the teachers who belong Par value of shares is five dollars, payable to it. in cash or in monthly installments of $1.00 per share. To become a member one must belong to the group and buy at least one share of small Members of the Board of Directors are F. par value. The money accumulated is in- Blanche Preble, President ; Lillian F. Dough- vested in loans exclusively for the members erty, Vice-president ; Margaret Powell, Secre- at low rates of interest for provident pur- tary-treasurer ; Mary Robson, Chairman Credit poses, making it unnecessary for any teacher Committee ; Margaret L. Hogan, Nellie C. to go to a private money lender for credit ac- Callahan, Anne M. Kalar, Nano T. Hickey , commodation, if she is eligible to the union. members Credit Committee ; Clara Balter, All profits are divided among the members Chairman Supervisory Committee ; Emma M. in interest and dividends . McCredie and Mary M. Abbe, members Super- visory Committee. The credit union of teachers is a sort of banking system which invests the savings of teachers in loans to teachers on a co- operative plan which makes low interest rates possible, The teacher wrote on the board 2 +4. Point- the whole business being managed by the ing to the plus sign she said, " Johnny, what teachers who compose the credit union. Loans is this ?" "That," said Johnny, "why that are repayable in installments, prorated over marks the spot where the body was found . " such periods as the Credit Committee in the individual case may determine, and all earn- ings are divided among the members in inter- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN est and dividends, except a part of the earn- MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher ings set aside yearly for a guaranty or reserve fund. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten The San Diego Teachers' Credit Union is months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, the pioneer credit union of public school 15 Cents, teachers. Included in its membership are 170 LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. teachers employed by the City of San Diego . ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of The Chicago Teachers' Federation Credit MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American Union is operating under the supervision of Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Phone Central 3904 160 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 From the Masthead FROM THE TRIBUNE'S COLUMNS 25 YEARS AGO TODAY JANUARY 30, 1902. CHICAGO.-The board of education adopted the finance committee's report, which provides for cutting expenses $1,118,697. Teachers' salaries are to be reduced in order to avoid closing the schools. To the Teachers of Chicago: The Chicago Tribune of January 30, 1927, voice of the teacher was silenced in the teach- in its backward look to 25 years ago, found ers' official councils, the teachers' tenure was the Board of Education cutting and slashing assailed in the passage of an emeritus service the salaries of the teachers on January 30, rule all under Mr. McAndrews' administra- 1902. tion, and the teachers' pension law threatened, Four years before, in 1898, when there was spoke those words in an address to the Chi- no money in sight to pay an increase, the cago Teachers' Federation, February 24, 1902. Board of Education voted to increase the ele- Following are extracts from his address mentary teachers' maximum from $825 to February 24, 1902, to the Chicago Teachers' $1,000 to be reached in three years . The Federation : Board paid one increase of $75 that first year, then took it away the next year, gave it back "Religion, morality and knowledge, being and finally cut it off permanently and put the necessary to good government and the happi- teachers back where they started at $825 . ness of mankind, schools and the means of Now the teachers are threatened with a education shall be forever encouraged. " repetition of the same experience, a pretense The means of education ! That is what you of raising teachers' salaries with no money in are, teachers of Chicago. Everything else in sight to pay that increase or even to continue your school system is merely accessory. A payment of the present schedule. Unless the school house is nothing but a place ; course of Board of Assessors and the Board of Review study, books and apparatus are merely tools ; do their duty and do it NOW, the teachers' principals, supervisors, superintendents, and salaries will be cut next year. school boards are only necessary evils, due to If the Tribune of February 24, 1927, will your variety of views . When it comes to the take another backward look to 25 years ago actual process of education you are essentially that day, it will find the present Superintend- it. This is the age of machinery, and our ent of Schools lambasting the Chicago Board people have sometimes thoughtlessly assumed of Education for cutting the salaries of the that a machine, in charge of some high-priced teachers. It will find him telling the Chicago superintendent, could educate children. If a teachers that "principals, supervisors, super- New York paper correctly quotes your Mayor, intendents and School Boards are only neces- he seems to be one of those, for he is alleged sary evils" and it will find him telling to have said : "If we were obliged to reduce the teachers that "when it comes to the actual the Fire Department, I would cut down the processes of education you are essentially it." number of men rather than reduce the engines The picture of William McAndrew saying that put out the fire." Putting out fires is es- that everything in the school system is acces- sentially a mechanical operation. The per- sory to the teacher, is interesting to the teach- fection of the machine is the most important ers of Chicago in view of the occurrences dur- feature of it. If that principle is to apply to ing his superintendency of the Chicago schools. schools we might as well get phonographs to The man under whose administration the do the teaching, and strap the children down February 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 161 to seats , releasing them all at a proper hour drain on vital force. That curious passage in by an electric clock. the New Testament which relates that the I cannot believe that all the men who have Master knew that healing had gone out of him given their lives to the study of education, is paralleled by the experience of teachers who have announced with such positiveness who furnish a magnetic atmosphere which that it depends entirely upon the personality keeps the tone of the class clear, obedient, of the teacher are wrong, and that your Mayor cheerful and hopeful. Every teacher feels it. is right, however expert he may be in the There is no occupation that I know of that affairs of that department whose chief duty brings more frequent or complete exhaustion. is to throw cold water. I think that the view I have read with much interest your City Sup- of Huxley will continue to prevail, that erintendent's article on " The Gospel of Work. " "Whenever educational funds fossilize into Good ! Teachers know as well as any one on mere bricks and mortar, with nothing left to earth the glory and the joy of work. These work with, the result is educationally noth- humble words of mine are suggesting a means ing." of keeping teachers in a physical and mental Where has the most successful education condition wherein they may work better and ** * been secured ? Garfield said it could be upon longer. a saw log, with a personality like that of Mark For everybody knows that the forces which Hopkins. Who is the most eminent teacher reach the highest power in teaching are those you can mention ? Will not Thomas Arnold which spring from compliment, gratitude, rank among the first ? I find in Dean Stan- recognition, respect, and reward. It is not ley's Life of Dr. Arnold this statement : "It born of fear of removal, dread of poverty , and * ** was one of his main objects to increase in all the humility of low place. possible ways the importance of the teachers Every school man knows that successful ed- and their interest in the place. It was his in- ucation depends upon the spirit of teachers , creasing delight to inspire them with general but school men don't have the say in these views of education and life." Dr. Arnold things. It is getting to be the general impres- based his system upon the character and sion outside of this town that your board ought power of the teacher. Brains may make a to cultivate some acquaintance with the mod- scholar ; but without the warming influence of ern theories of education . It is still the cus- sympathy, love and affection for children, tom to administer schools through a board of they never make a teacher and never can . I business men. They say and they believe that am sure that any one who studies the problem the school should be run on what they call with an unprejudiced mind will reach the con business principles . These words have a sac- clusion that the teacher is the vital means of red sound to some Americans. To my mind education ; and if "the means of education are the application of these alleged business prin- to be forever encouraged," this encouragement ciples to the employment and payment of must be that which directly and personally teachers is one of the most vicious errors that encourages the teacher. stands in the way of successful schools . * * * * * * but Chicago has done such fool You can buy brains, may be, but you can't buy things recently in the case of its teachers that good teaching ; it is more a process of the you must patiently review obvious and com- heart than of the head . It is a kind of service monplace truisms, just as you repeat so often different from every other public work. It is to forgetful children that 2 times 2 is 4. * distinctly dissimilar ; the analogies of business * * * * * * * procedure do not apply to it." * * * * * * * Sir Walter Scott wrote Lockhart that six hours a day was the maximum amount he (Scott) could devote to literary labor without Mr. McAndrew sent to Miss Goggin the let- collapse. Every one knows what a phenom- ter, reproduced here photographically, asking enal worker Scott was, but writing novels all her to have the Tribune correct an error in its alone by yourself is child's play alongside of story of his speech to the Federation on Feb- teaching fifty children, each one with an ac- ruary 24, 1902, and enclosing the suggested tive individual personality. Teaching is the letter shown here for Miss Goggin to send to hardest work I ever did in my life or ever saw the Tribune . done, and I have done night work on a daily paper, attended the sick at night, worked for an undertaker, and cooked on a lake schooner in stormy weather. The care and instruction of from fifteen to fifty children is a constant Morgen,A. Haly 162 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 WILLIAM MCANDREW, 72 COLUMBIA HEIGHTS, Photographic Reproduction BROOKLYN , N. Y. Feb. 28 , 1902 . Miss Katherine Goggin , Tchrs ' Federation , Unity Building, Chicago , Ill . Dear Miss Goggin , - Could you do me the favor to write to the editor of the Chicago Tribune to ask him to correct his report of Feb.25th? Perhaps you will be willing to write as below . If you could also send a copy of your letter to Pres . Harper , of the University of Chicago , I would very much appreciate it . Yours truly , To the Editor . Luv.McAd Chicago Tribune Chicago , Ill . Dear Sir : - In the Tribune of Fen.25th , the report of the speeches at the meeting of the Teachers ' Federation , makes Mr. Wm . McAndrew , one of the speakers sav that the University of Chicago is a threat to the Public Schools . Mr. McAndrew made no such statement . What he said was this; " Shame on a city that neglects those who educate her children , while accepting from an alien and a stranger , gifts to education so generous as to excite the wonder of the world .. May we ask you kindly to correct an error on the part of your reporter , evidently due to the poor acoustic properties of the room Yours truly, TheFederation qoering,Federation Catherine Goering , Sary. February 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 163 " Rubber Stamp " Rewards Septuagenarians Veteran Teachers of 50 Years Receive Mimeographed Notices A rubber stamp is the reward of a half teachers are included in the Superintendent's century service of Chicago teachers and recommendation to the Board of Education, principals . ( See next page.) dated February 1, 1927. Teachers who have given more than 50 In accordance with action taken by the years of their life to the children of Chicago, Board of Education March 10, 1926, the have been notified of their transfer to Superintendent is authorized to report on the Emeritus Service by a mimeographed com- first day of January, or as soon thereafter as munication rubber-stamped with the signa- possible, the names of all persons of the ture of the Superintendent of Schools. teaching force who have or will have attained Mechanics have been employed in dating the the age of 70 years on the first of February communication and in filling in the blanks next ensuing. These persons are to be as- which are also stamped with a rubber im- signed to Emeritus Service. pression. Those in the February 1, 1927, report are The communication dated January 27 and Bertha Benson, I. M. Schjoldager, Mary E. addressed to those who are to be placed on Skelly, G. L. Voorhees, principals ; Carrie E. the Emeritus list says : Allen, John M. Boyer, Bessie DelBanco, Mary "At the meeting of the Board of Education on Godsill , Annabel M. McLain, Alvin R. Moore, January 26, 1927, the following report was adopted : Minnie K. Nicolai, Isabel E. Richman, Anna EMERITUS—February 1, 1927 M. Schnuhr, Jessie Shadboldt, Mary E. Sneed, To the Board of Education, Anna L. Spieler, teachers . Ladies and Gentlemen : I have the honor to RECOMMEND that the fol- Those retired from Emeritus Service by lowing persons, who, according to their records, will virtue of a law passed by the legislature, are have attained the age of 70 years before February 1 , the following, who, according to the Superin- 1927, be transferred to Emeritus Service : " tendent's report, are 74 years of age : Laura Then follow blanks for the name of the E. Ashelman, Elizabeth C. Bodle, Mary teacher or principal, school, date of birth, age Burke, William H. Campbell, Chester C. and length of service, followed by the stamped Dodge, Harriette C. Garrabrandt, Julia C. signature of "William McAndrew," Superin- Howe, Mary E. Mallory, Daniel R. Martin, tendent of Schools . Isabel O'Neill, Sara E. Pettee, Mary J. Scan- The names of four principals and 12 lan, Malvina Springe and Frances E. White . Do You Read The Bulletin? Do You Get The Bulletin? Can You Afford To Be Without It? Have You Paid For It? If Not- WILL YOU NOW ? Margaret Haley's Bulletin 127 N. Dearborn St. Subscription Price, $2.00 Central 3904 Make Checks Payable to Margaret Haley's Bulletin 164 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 [Below is a photographic reproduction of the " rubber stamped " notices of removal sent teachers and principals. The name has been deleted by the editor.] BOARD OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CITY OF CHICAGO SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS WILLIAM MCANDREW. EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 460 SOUTH STATE STREET ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENTS TELEPHONE WABASH 9210 WILLIAM J. BOGAN MORGAN G. HOGGE CLARENCE E. DEBUTTS CHARLES D. LOWRY ELIZABETH W. MURPHY SUBJECT : Miss JAN 27 1927 School . My dear Miss At the meeting of the Board of Education on the following report was adopted : JAN 2 6 1927 " EMERITUS - FEBRUARY 1 , 1927 TO THE BOARD OF EDUCATION , Ladies and Gentlemen : I have the honor to RECOMMEND that the following persons who , according to their records , will have attained the age of seventy years before FEB 1 1927 be transferred to Emeritus Service : Length Name School Date of FEB 1 1927 of Service , Birth FFB 1 1997 Very truly yours , Com. M-Andrew Wm . McAndrew Superintendent of Schools . Prepared by : C.E.DEBUTTS Asst . Supt . of Schools . February 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 165 Organized Labor Assails Mayor's Nominees John Fitzpatrick Tells Schools' Committee of Labor's Treatment by Mrs. Hefferan After a five months investigation the Com- eration of Labor (printed in the last issue of mittee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service of the Bulletin) asking that the City Council not the City Council, on Monday, February 7, concur in the appointment of Mrs. Hefferan heard the last of the large number of delega- and Dr. Schmidt, John Fitzpatrick, president tions of citizens who appeared before it to talk of the Chicago Federation of Labor, appeared upon the merits and 'demerits of the mayor's before the Committee on Schools and told it nominees for the Board of Education . the experiences representatives of organized Mrs. Helen Hefferan, incumbent, and Dr. labor had had with Mrs. Hefferan, chairman Otto Schmidt were the storm centers of the of the School Administration Committee. hearings which will result in a report being Following are extracts from the stenogra- presented by the Committee to the City phic report of the Committee on Schools meet- Council . ing, February 5, 1927, at which Mr. Fitzpat- In behalf of a resolution passed by the Fed- rick was heard : MR . FITZPATRICK : Mr. Chairman and members Federation of Labor has presented to the Board of Edu- of the committee: I understand that you have under cation during her term of office, we have found Mrs. consideration here a resolution that was adopted by the Hefferan in opposition to our hopes and wishes and Chicago Federation of Labor. My purpose in coming casting her lot on the side of the opposition, not even *** here this morning is to try to present the views of the giving us a fair hearing. organized men and women of the city of Chicago in Now when I speak in the name of the Chicago Fed- reference to that particular resolution, and also their eration of Labor I am here not as the president of the notion as to the management of the education of the Chicago Federation of Labor but as the representative public schools of the city of Chicago. So, I presume, of the 300 organizations that are affiliated, and in the that this resolution has been presented to the committee 300 organizations we have upwards of 300,000 members . and it will not be necessary for me to read it to you, You can imagine that in the 300,000 men and women who only to say that it refers particularly to two persons who are members of the organizations affiliated with the are named, one for reappointment and one for appoint- *** Chicago Federation of Labor that we represent a very ment by the mayor on the Board of Education. large portion of the fathers and mothers of the children who are in the public schools. It is our wish that the The Chicago Federation of Labor asks the committee Board of Education that administers the school funds not to recommend to the City Council confirmation of and the school buildings and the educational activities these two persons, and our reasons for that are set up in this resolution. One of the individuals is Dr. Schmidt , at least give some consideration to the wishes and the desires of the fathers and mothers of the children. who has appeared before your committee and presented his views on educational matters. I don't know how he Now it seems to us that the wishes of the parents as to the education of their children have been set aside has impressed the committee, or how he has impressed the listeners to his presentation here, but from our and from somewhere outside is brought in a program, knowledge of school activities and school control and and that program is adopted by the Board of Education, domination we feel that Dr. Schmidt would be a danger- no matter what the people say, the people who furnish ous man to put on the Board of Education at this time. the money-we take it off of our backs and out of our If he holds the notions of education and of school man- stomachs to be able to meet the taxes-we furnish the agement he has expressed here on this floor, then the funds necessary to carry on the activities of the Board parents of the children who attend these schools , as of Education, and all we ask is a decent opportunity for represented by the Chicago Federation of Labor, feel our children, without outside control and domination. that that would be destructive of the best interests of And still we find this Board of Education will not the educational system of the city of Chicago. harken to the voice of our people, and will listen to this The Chicago Federation of Labor asks that this com- outside thing and carry out this program. We feel that mittee do not confirm his appointment, and that you will this program is very dangerous , not alone to the city of Chicago but to education, as well as to the rights and also use your influence as aldermen, and with the city the interests and the welfare of our children . council, that the city council do likewise. Now in pushing that program Mrs. Hefferan has been The other person mentioned is at present a member foremost. She has been at the head of the committee of the Board, Mrs. Hefferan, and she is named for re- that handled that program. I just want to refer to one appointment. Our Chicago Federation of Labor has been instance as to her position in dealing with matters of dealing with the school situation while Mrs. Hefferan this kind. *** has been an actual member of the Board of Education, I just want to show what kind of treatment any body and it is not because of any doubt or because we are of citizens will get when they go with a very definite afraid that something MIGHT happen. In this particular proposition and present it, to try to get some considera- situation we are talking from experience and knowledge tion before the School Administration Committee of that we have as to her position and her attitude in which Mrs. Hefferan is chairman. We were there in educational matters. In everything that the Chicago (Continued on page 173) 166 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 What Price System ? How the Chicago school system has operated under a "Peace by Edict" system is color- fully pointed out in an article, “What Price System,” written by Joseph K. Hart, student of education and writer of note, who has made a study of the Chicago schools system. Mr. Hart's article, appearing in the February Survey Graphic, is well worth reading. It throws the spotlight of publicity onto the price that has been paid for the Chicago “system.” Mr. Hart has found a healthy discontent in Chicago, and in his article, reprinted here by his permission, and that of " The Survey” points out some of the reasons for it. By JOSEPH K. HART Events move rapidly in Chicago, like waves on the superintendents with keen interest. I had once been surface of Lake Michigan when an east wind is blow- employed by a citizens' committee for a few days to ing. It is difficult to keep up with them, especially as make an investigation into the ways of Chicago school they throw up great clouds of spray when they strike boards. Even while living in a distant part of the coun- an obstacle-the waves on the lake, I mean. Politics , try, I maintained an eager interest in the Chicago situa- industry, religion, crime, education -who can follow the tion. So I came to this personal investigation with some kaleidoscopic changes that play over the surface and of the history of the case ready to my hands. The time through the spray ? No situation lasts; no statement of at my disposal was too brief, but even so, I came upon conditions seems dependable. But, is there nothing that some deep - running currents in the Chicago School sys- lasts under the surface of the lake, or in Chicago ? Let tem. the question be directed to education and the schools . One of these has been flowing and ebbing for at least For thirty years, Chicago had known little but war- thirty years, under all the surface waves and blinding fare in school affairs, until war had become tradition . scud, and it is important enough, in view of certain Then, in 1925, peace was proclaimed by edict. What recent developments, to be described in some detail. I happened ? During the year 1924-25, the city news- shall set the story down as I know it, not with any papers had carried one hundred and one headlines using desire to praise or to blame, but because educational the words "fight," "feud," "breaks" and "slaps” in refer- issues , present everywhere, have come to dramatic climax ring to school matters . In the succeeding year, those in Chicago. The public must ultimately reckon with papers carried but eight such headlines. So last fall those issues. They are fundamental to our civilization: peace seemed assured: there would be no more east they rise out of the deeps of human living; they rise to gales ! the crests of human hope; they are not "academic," By December, the winter storms had set in and the they are vital. surface of events was lashed by new furies. Some re- The first notable fact about this Chicago situation is cent appointees to the school board were to be con- the deep unrest of the seas where this current runs. firmed by the City Council. Local patriots took a hand, Notwithstanding the edict of 1925 and the headline proof and asked the candidates, " Will you, if confirmed, vote of peace, this unrest is present. The testimony is uni- to unhorse the outsider who is superintendent of schools versal. This unrest is not, as often in the past, open and choose in his place a Chicagoan ?" A noble issue rebellion; it is something deeper, not to be cured by to raise a fancy spume ! What has a man's birth - place the mere veering of the winds. It runs through the to do with his abilities ? Ask the politicians, most of schools and the community. It is found in the Chicago whom were born elsewhere. There are reasons, having Teachers' Federation, in the Men's and Women's High to do not with education but with the perquisites of School Federations, in teachers and principals who do office, building sites and the like. not belong to the unions; in the School Board, in the So, storms like these get the headlines, but they are supervisory staff, and it is not unknown in the offices surface affairs. We must look beneath the surface for of the superintendents . It is outside the schools, in the the real issue-leaving behind the newspapers, the City criticisms of radicals, in the questionings of liberals, in Council and its politicians, the talk of the street and the doubtings of public-spirited citizens, in the charges , all the petty waves that people waste their emotions not always credible, of labor leaders . Old warfares may upon. Let us look into the schools themselves . have passed, but the currents of unrest run deep . Recently I had opportunity to make some personal What is it all about ? investigations. The situation was not entirely strange The answer to this question takes us back to the re- to me. I had lived in Chicago for five years while markable story of the last thirty years in Chicago's studying " education” at the university. I had followed schools. Throughout those years Chicago has been, not the old fight between the Teachers' Federation and its too willingly, the scene of a great educational experi- enemies-the tax- dodgers , newspapers , school boards and ment, on the large scale. Its full story cannot be told February 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 167 here. Enough to say, now, that that experiment, which of a chance. It was never understood by the public was begun in a time of Great Expectations and under which, having no conception of education as the fostering the personal stimulation of three great educational of intelligence, can have no adequate understanding of theorists-Francis W. Parker, John Dewey, and Ella the part the teachers' own initiative must play in a Flagg Young-undertook to reorganize the whole school good school. Perhaps even most of the teachers never system of Chicago on lines of modern and democratic quite accepted Mrs. Young's doctrine that both teachers principles , in contrast with the formal principles and and children must feel some sense of a share in the practices theretofore in control in those schools, as well task of school administration, although that doctrine is as in most other systems in the land. These thirty years now becoming commonplace in industry, a leading Amer- have been, as all Chicagoans know and as others may ican industrialist holding that even the elevator boys in guess , years of turbulence in school affairs . his plant are a part of the administration. The news- The issues at stake cannot be stated with intellectual papers were almost continuously hostile to the program. nicety, because emotional factors distort all our educa- School boards did not know what it was all about. After tional deliberations, and because, in this very human 1915, with the loss of Mrs. Young, the experiment drifted world, educational programs, however diverse they may to futility and defeat. The judgment of "failed" passed seem, always overlap at points. But, if the following upon it in 1924 was not unwarranted. Everyone was statements are not taken as completely disjunctive, they sick of experiments in 1924; that was the year of retreats will help to place the emphases of the two parties to everywhere. The public wanted an end of uncertainties . the argument : The dominant group in our public school- "Give us system," was the cry, and the school officials systems holds that if society, through its institutions, prepared to furnish System. * including especially the school, can establish order, free- * * * * * * doom will taken care of itself. The "modern" school, I was warned, more than once, to be cautious . Men on the other hand, holds that if education can secure said: "After thirty years of war, this city intends to and establish freedom, order will take care of itself; have a system of schools, with a man who knows his "freedom is the only true discipline." That is to say, business at the head and with teachers doing what they're the formal school stands for order, for the discipline of supposed to do. If you dare write anything about what the young, and holds that freedom for the individual you find here, for heaven's sake, don't say anything that must ever be subordinated to the need of security for will interfere with the development of a real school sys- the group. On the other hand, the "modern" school tem." Therefore, let the reader take warning. Noth- stands for freedom for the individual, and holds that ing set down here is to be construed as an argument the only order and security that can be had, or that against a real school system, that is, one which will be amounts to anything when had, is that which comes of able to do the work of education in a modern industrial freedom. But, neither side holds its own doctrine abso- city, like Chicago-if anyone knows what such a system lutely, save in moments of hot debate, when emotions is like. take the place of reasons and charges take the place of facts . The city wants a system. What shall be the nature of that system ? Official documents and public discus- The deflecting of the whole Chicago system in this sion disclose a ready answer. The system must provide, "modern" direction began in the '90s of the last cen- under the state constitution, for "a common school edu- tury and reached its climax in the period from 1909 to cation for all children," whatever that may be; it must 1915, when Mrs. Young was superintendent of schools. help fulfill provisions of the federal constitution which But the supporting influences began early to fail. Colonel call for "a more perfect union" with "justice, tranquil- Parker died in 1902. Professor Dewey left Chicago for ity" and the like; it must meet state provisions which New York in 1904. And Mrs. Young , in whose execu- require the teaching of "honesty, kindness, justice, moral tive personality the experiment had culminated, left the courage for the purpose of lessening crime and raising Chicago schools in 1915. No effective successor remained. the standards of good citizenship, American patriotism, The experiment dragged along with weary ups and and the principles of representative government." It downs, until May, 1924, when by executive order, the must employ practices that will give children habits and Teachers' Councils, its last visible reminder, were dis- skills of a useful sort; loyalties that express respect for solved. That was supposed to end the matter: the ex- law and duty; and knowledge that will provide useful periment was written off as a failure. A business ad- ministration took charge of the School Board, and information, and, mayhap, in some cases, intelligence. The school is thus conceived as an institution where shortly thereafter peace was proclaimed by edict. A the community keeps its store of habits, loyalties and year later, that is in 1926, evidence such as the tally of newspaper headlines was presented to the people of knowledge, and to which the children will repair to get their life supplies of those commodities . The community Chicago as proof that peace had come. is the final authority as to what the child needs : but But now, ignoring the surface storms that lash the the community delegates authority in these matters to times, we must face the fact that an experimental move- a school board, which, in turn, employs a technical staff ment that has run deep in the attention and loyalties to carry on the actual work of schooling . Theoretically, of many teachers for many years cannot be so easily the true school is in the class -room, where the teacher dammed and stopped. Something works through. That meets the child; everything that is done by boards or current is still in the schools, with something of the officials is done for the purpose of making this meeting surge of those thirty years still in it. And, unless all of the teacher and the child "fruitful in educational signs fail, it will remain. What is to be the outcome ? values." But the system is a going concern. It employs Nobody knows. Here is a problem in social or edu- twelve thousand teachers, teaches a half million pupils, cational engineering, but the situation is characterized, has a yearly budget of nearly eighty million dollars . not by intelligence but by emotions, by struggles for This is big business. The taxpayer must get value for prestige, by various sorts of crimination and recrimina- his money. A business of this size must be run real- tion, as is usually the case in our very human conflicts . istically. An eighty- million -dollar* concern cannot spend To be sure, that original experiment never had much too much high -priced administrative time on a three- 168 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 thousand-dollar employe, even though that employe is standards and judgments of the group are, on the whole, a teacher meeting children in the class room. One superior to the standards and judgments of the indi- teacher out of a thousand is not many, it's the system vidual." Hence, he argues, "the school must take over that counts . Children come and go; teachers appear and the nervous system of the child and mould it to patterns disappear; even superintendents do not last long: the furnished by the community." school goes on. It has come down out of the past, It is this traditional public school system, revived hoary with history. It conserves the community. It because of fear that come of cities too big to under- shapes the materials of childhood into uses for the world. stand themselves, and of educational conditions that ap- It preserves the relatively important modes of adult pal by reason of numbers, and rationalized by an educa- experience, selected by the race in its ten thousand tional theory that makes intellect identical with living, generations, as against the relatively unimportant moods that now in Chicago, joins issue with what remains of of the five- or the ten -year-old child. It turns the child the ideals and practices of that thirty-years experiment -the product of the brutal biological ages-into some- in freedom. The system finds some resistance, as is thing fit to be the heir of the Age of Civilization, with not unlikely in America. Of course, not all resistance its devotions to science, democracy, industry, fellowship is praiseworthy. The lazy, the conscienceless, the hold- and peace. At least, it is reassuring to think so. ers of sinecures all resist change; but these refuse the The system, we are prone to believe, guarantees the responsibilities of freedom, too, with quite the same habits, skills , attitudes and knowledge needed by our unanimity. They should not be confused with those stage of civilization: efficiency and accuracy; thorough- who resist intelligently and critically, of whom there ness in the fundamentals ; desirable types of character; are many. and that ultimate "success" which marks the complete For the system as now developing in the era of peace adjustment of the individual to his world. Under no is widely resented and resisted, by teachers, by intelli- sophistry of "freedom," or "initiative" may the system gent public opinion, and even by some officials. This abdicate this work, for it concerns not merely a few resentment gathers mainly about what seems to many thousand children today, but the whole future of orderly a deliberate attempt to secure order by mechanizing in- civilization. struction, thus reducing the teacher to an automaton, Such a system is in accord with our other social in- and the child to a sort of memory- machine . One critic stitutions today, especially as since the war we have says , " They want to 'Ford- ize' the schools." An ancient revived some of our great primitive fears, such as fear conundrum has been revived- of new experiences, fear of non-conforming individuals , Why is a school room like a Ford ? fear of ideas, fear of the unknown, fear of children. Because there's a crank up front and a lot of little Through the ages, the race has been afraid of its children. nuts back behind. Plato wrote, echoing his own primitive fears : "Of all This system, says the more intelligent teacher-critics, animals, the boy is the most insidious, sharp - witted, un- is effective in getting work done if you don't care what manageable ; wherefore he must be bound with many the work is. It certainly makes the wheels go round. bridles ." So, in all ages, systems of moralities , pro- " Our teachers are working harder than ever before." hibitions , repressions, subordinations and initiations have Say the supporters of the system. "Yes," reply the grown into folkways, and have been used to forestall the teachers , "at things less worth doing, such as writing rising generation and to save existent society from the endless reports and filling out useless questionnaires. menace ever present in the untutored child. The school But we are doing less teaching than ever before if has taken over much of this task of moralization or that means anything." These critics say that this re- socialization. School teachers did not invent these vived system does not release intelligence in either teach- processes, they are survivals of the ages of primitive ers or pupils; it does not assure understanding of the fears. The fearful part of our age wants just this sort world, but at most only some bits of scattered informa- of education: the more of it the better. "Fundamentals " tion, a few partly-formed habits, and to most children , -that's what we want ! And why ? an inescapable sense of failure and defeat; and it can If we could translate this mood into speech, we should not produce genuinely democratic loyalties, but only un- get something like the following rationalization of our intelligent habituation to the routines of job, sect, and current schooling : We have today in America the best party, or a more or less complete disintegration of the civilization the world has ever known. Affairs may need moral personality through the after - effects of the process occasional patching, but no new fabric. The present of " getting by," to which all children resort more or less. adult generation, under God and by inheritance, owns Moreover, say these critics, system tends directly to and controls this civilization. Our money and our emo- an institutional hierarchy, in which the higher adminis- tions are invested in it; our security rests upon it; it trative officials are cut off from all contacts with real suits our moral inclinations, our economic habits, our educational process and are compelled to depend, for political propensities , our religious hopes ; and our minds all their information, on the not always disinterested re- have no difficulty in defending it, when the facts are ports of their subordinates. These subordinates often not stacked against us . Therefore, we do not intend to find it easy and advantageous to build up personal or- permit any newcomer, whether impudent child not yet ganizations within the system, where they play the petty dry behind the ears, or impertinent foreigner who doesn't monarch in their own private domains. Under the for- even speak good English, to try to tell us how to run mer system, with the Teachers' Councils, any teacher this world. We've labored too long for that. We want could be heard and real educational intelligence could our children taught devotion to this economic and social play up and down the scale of positions and duties. But order, and to the constitution (" Leave out the amend- now a Chinese wall is build about the higher officials, ments; they add nothing to the document") . We want shutting them off from the teachers and from all spiritual to see civilization built into our children in the schools . understanding of the educational situation . And this attitude has support among some educational Are these criticisms valid ? Nobody knows. They are theorists , too. Professor Charles H. Judd, of the Uni- not to be accepted as valid or as fallacious merely be- versity of Chicago, says in his latest book, The Psy- cause they are made by teachers . Much modern edu- chology of Social Institutions , published in 1926 : " The cational theory supports them. Modern educational psy February 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 169 the chology tells us that intelligence develops in the han- down to the problem of modern civilization, namely, dling of problems, in the solving of conflicts, in the How can we live in society and still be free ? How following up of actual interests. Now system largely can we have freedom-that boon promised by all the eliminates the children's own problems, conflicts, and in- modern centuries and still have the security that comes terests , and substitutes lessons to be learned. And sys- of living in ordered society-that human community for tem compels teachers to devote so much personal energy which the ten thousand generations have labored? Is to defending their own intellectual and spiritual integri- there any solution for this problem ? ties that they have only fractional energies to devote to Not in calling individuals or groups good or bad-on these lessons to be learned. Hence, the whole system either side, by either side. Its solution, if one shall ever becomes mechanical, formal, remote from life and the be found will come of the application not of moralistic world. This is the ultimate reason why the most intelli- classifications, but of intellectual analysis , of scientific in- gent teachers and thoughtful liberals are, without excep- vestigation, perhaps of long, intelligent experimentation tion, critics of this self-enclosed school system. These to the diverse facts in the situation all in the spirit of 5 groups want an educational instrumentality that finds good- will. Here we can dispense with emotional moral- room for mind to grow. They hold that problems and ists who hold that all the good is on our side and all the intellectual conflicts are not evils to be outlawed, but bad on the other side, with nothing between. Here we great human goods-the sources of all the gains the need scientists who are able to believe that both those race has ever made. They want intellectual activity, who lay the emphasis upon freedom and those who ad- not mental stagnation; and they hold that the only basis vocate order are equally desirable citizens, equally patri- upon which the imposition of system can be justified is otic; and that both doctrines have something to con- that those who advocate system do not expect the race tribute to that larger future we all envisage, if we have 1 to make any further gains as long as the world—or at the patience and the technics to find out what is good least, the system-stands . in each. Now it is a common error of the advocates of system But, as long as we have our institutional absolutists- that they seem unable to distinguish between the inert schoolmen who argue that "if the school were let alone and corrupt on the one hand, and the intelligent critic on to do its work, it would solve all these problems in a the other. The supporters of system usually assume jiffy"-we shall also have emotionalists who will do lit- that their own is the only possible sort of order and tle but call attention to evils in the system. We shall that any critic of their position is, without further proof, get rid of neither of these, however, by merely inviting a conscious rogue. The word 'freedom" seems to them them to "make themselves scarce." They will both "stick a sort of blind from behind which enemies of the race around" and even serve ends by calling attention to fac- can attack our most sacred institutions with immunity. tors scientific investigators would likely overlook or deny. On the other hand, it is a common error of the But, the educational situation calls for men and women advocates of freedom that they seem unable to see that who are through with merely emoting about education , order of some sort is indispensable to freedom; that on the one hand, and with merely re-affirming platitudes freedom and order are not to be set in eternal opposi- about "the service of the schools," on the other. There tion but that almost any kind of order may be filled is nothing sacred about a school organization : it's a with the spirit of freedom. True, one element in the tool, and like any other tool, it needs to give an account failure of Mrs. Young's great experiment was the diffi- of itself at times . There is room for educational states- culty of organizing the world for freedom. But that men here; for critical laymen to use their minds; for experiment was not the last of its kind and its failure rebellious teachers to escape from mere rebellion into was not conclusive. Certainly that failure does not mean intelligence ; and for troubled officials who want to save that the world must give up freedom for the sake of and to integrate their modern views and their sense of order; to give up either of these factors would mean, system and order into a single educational program- in the long run, giving up both of them. Freedom can with a view to the furthering of civilization. escape the limitations of order not by over- throwing it, After all , the real question is education in the mod- but by transcending it and using it. ern industrial city is this : Can any institution like the Hence, because the issues in Chicago have often be- organized school subserve the real interests of educa- come too personal, they have taken on absurd forms . tion under present social conditions ? Those interests Frequently both sides have seemed to see nothing but would seem to include efficiency, freedom, vocational a complete disjunction: order versus freedom-you can interests, initiative, humane culture, beauty, joy of have the one or the other, but you cannot have both. living, intelligence, and justice among men. Can But no reputable person in Chicago admits any such schooling of any sort release, cultivate and bring to disjunction in his own mind; at least, I found none. maturity these interests and capacities, both in the in- No one is for order and against freedom, or vice versa. dividual and in the group, in the modern city ? Nobody Everyone, in his lucid moments is for both. "Why can't knows. Nobody knows how to educate today, in the we have both ? " he asks, rather plaintively. industrial city. Experiments and inquiries in this field But such an attitude means that this Chicago contro- are frowned upon and misunderstood; and we retreat versy is not in the realm of morals, as many people from intelligent inquiry into the processes of education would like to believe, with the "good" people all on one to the fancied securities of system, on the analogue of side, and the "bad" people all on the other. It is in the old- time countryside common school, which in its the realm of social logic; the goods and the bads are old time neighborhood, in the midst of the inclusive ac- so interwoven that nothing but the most painstaking in- tivities of the farm and shop and household, gave us a vestigation can ever determine what is good and what is crude but very real education, but which, incontinently bad. The issues between order and freedom are prob- uprooted from that old milieu, and brought to the city, ably not anywhere today, and certainly not in Chicago, stands today bewildered and mildly tolerated by the issues between individuals and groups . They are issues heedless throngs of the city streets . within individuals, on both sides of the ostensible con- That's our problem, now : What must educating be- troversy. Those issues are within us all. They boil (Continued on page 175) 170 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 Mr. Editor, We Thank You ! It is seldom that a newspaper understands so thoroughly and presents so graphically, a school situation, as has the Journal in the Editorial printed below. The Journal fought the good fight for a "seat for every child" and knows whereof it speaks, but speaks too modestly of its own part in the fight. It stood shoulder to shoulder with the Chicago Teachers' Federation and all the other organizations co-operating to assure seating accommodations for Chicago school children, and speaks with a knowledge born of experience, in the following editorial: CHICAGO Our mayor, with justifiable pride, offers in support of increase. I. T. Greenacre, attorney for the federation, his candidacy for re-election a survey of the city's rec- prepared the necessary legal documents . A proper reso- ord as a builder of schools during his administration. lution was then passed by the board of education and Although there remains a shortage of tens of thousands then by the city council. The assistance of Corporation of seats, handsome schoolhouses of the most modern Counsel Busch was enlisted by Miss Haley, and the type have sprung up with a mushroom suddenness in mayor acquiesced in the plan. The proposal was placed many parts of the city. This multiplication of light, airy, on the ballot, and The Journal and the teachers led the attractive, well - equipped school buildings is a spectacle fight for new schools. This was a non-political battle, of which the mayor may well be proud-even as proud with this newspaper, teachers, improvement clubs, neigh- as he could be of doing eighteen holes in 90 on a Biloxi borhood associations, realty organizations, parent- teach- golf course in the Mississippi sunshine. ers associations, clergymen, clubwomen, and, very im- The work of providing children with seats in schools portantly, school children engaged on one side. The has proceeded so satisfactorily during Mayor Dever's teachers distributed 1,500,000 pieces of literature and administration that it seems a pity the Chicago teachers , spent what was for them a large sum of money. The who were responsible for this intensive building pro- proposal won in a popular uprising. gram, were not able also to submit a plan for providing It is to the credit of the mayor that under his ad- straphangers with seats in the street cars . The teachers' ministration the building campaign has been pressed organization, under the leadership of Margaret Haley, with vigor. The lesson in municipal government taught was successful in placing on a ballot early in Mayor by the teachers' victory might now be taken to heart by Dever's administration a proposal for the increase of any organization which has a perfect solution of the the tax rate for school-building purposes. In order to traction problem. The mayor's traction plan in 1925 was secure this increase of taxes the teachers found it neces- smashed in another popular uprising.. Perhaps if a new sary to combat the proposal for a tax for the Riverside deal were initiated by the people, and straphangers would zoo . With funds for school buildings secured and with show as much enthusiasm for this cause as the teachers construction proceeding, organized opposition to the zoo showed for theirs, one of Chicago's perennial problems disappeared and public money has since been voted for would vanish. The mayor's record in the building of that great addition to Chicago's innumerable attractions . schools is sufficient promise that, if someone will settle The campaign for new schools began when the Teach- the traction problem, he will put the plan in operation. ers ' Federation passed a resolution demanding the tax Where's the plan ? Editorial, Chicago Journal, Feb. 7, 1927. Teachers ' Views to Be "Aired " Educational Talks to Be Broadcast from Station WCFL Chicago teachers and others interested in cussed Friday, February 11 by Miss Mary the schools are being heard over a series of Abbe, President of the Chicago Teachers' educational programs arranged by the Amer- Federation and Secretary of the Teachers ' ican Federation of Labor station WCFL . Pension Board . Mrs. Florence Curtis Hanson, secretary- Alderman Oscar Nelson, vice-president of treasurer of the American Federation of the Chicago Federation of Labor, was the Teachers was the speaker Wednesday, Febru- speaker Saturday, February 12, talking on ary 9, on the subject, " Why Should Teachers "The Public School System. " Affiliate With Organized Labor ?" Miss Margaret Haley, Business Represen- On . Tuesday, February 10, Miss Beulah tative of the Chicago Teachers' Federation , Berolzheimer, President of the Federation of will be heard in another radio talk Saturday, Women High School Teachers talked on " One February 19, from the same station. Educational Situation ." All the programs will be at 7 o'clock in the " The Teachers' Pension Fund" was dis- evening . February 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 171 Chicago Pension Commission Makes Little Progress Recommendations Favor Teachers ' Fund on “ Reserve and Allocation " Basis The Chicago Pension Commission which examine all pension proposals presented to was appointed by the mayor to make a study the Legislature, and to advise the Legislature, 1 of Chicago pension funds, and which has held the Governor and the public with respect to a series of meetings, has made little progress . the merit or lack of merit of the proposals . The Commission has before it the recommen- In regard to this agency the Policemen's Annuity and Benefit Fund Protective Associa- dations of the actuary and secretary of the tion comments as follows : Commission but has taken no definite action on them. If it should be demonstrated that there is need for an agency of the sort suggested, it occurs to us that the These recommendations refer principally to advice of such a body would at least be more reliable and impartial than the propaganda that has been dis- the Policemen's, Firemen's, Muncipal Em- seminated by various self-appointed groups in the past. ployes' and other pension funds for Chicago It seems also that this should be a state-wide body not 1 employes . They do, however, recommend that dominated by local politics. It does not seem fair or wise, however, that the body itself or even the suggested the teachers' fund be put on a "reserve and pension experts should be entirely representative of pub- allocation" basis and that the administration lic interests. Governor Lowden saw fit to appoint a municipal employee as a member of the Illinois Pension of all the pension funds in Chicago be put Laws Commission of 1918, and any body that has to deal into one bureau, under the City Comptroller, with public pension matters ought to have in its member- which official would have authority to invest ship one or more public employees. Experience in the administration of some of the local pension funds has all the funds . This bureau would have con- clearly shown the viewpoint of the employee to be not trol of all routine, non-discretionary matters . only valuable but indispensable. The real control of the funds would be trans- ferred to boards in which the appointees of LONDON PUBLICIST TO ADDRESS CHI- CAGO TEACHERS the Mayor would be a majority. The Secretary of the Commission in his "Recommendations " Norman Angell, London publicist, will an- states that " administrative boards as a rule swer the question, "What's Happening in are nuisances and should be dispensed with Europe ? " in an address Saturday morning, wherever possible." This plan to unify the February 19, in the Studebaker Theater. administration of all the funds is meeting The Chicago Division of the Illinois State with opposition from practically every group Teachers' Association is sponsoring the pro- of employes affected . gram which will start at 10:30 o'clock . Mr. Angell has been acclaimed by the NA- The Secretary also recommends an official TION as, "Perhaps the greatest pamphleteer advisory board made up of Aldermen and since Swift." He draws his conclusions from citizens appointed by the Mayor, and of mem- his experiences as correspondent for Ameri- bers elected by contributors and beneficiaries. can newspapers and writer for a French Jour- He does not object to giving represen- nal . Teachers of social studies have been tatives of employes and beneficiaries a ma- especially invited to attend the lecture, which jority of this advisory board. It should be is open without charge to all Chicago teach- the duty of this board to keep close scrutiny ers and their friends . over the administration of pension funds, and to consider continuously the need for changes in pension laws suggested by experience. FAIR ENOUGH This board would have no authority, there- Master- Can you tell me the name of any fore contributors may safely be given the animal peculiar to Australia ? majority in its membership . Boy-The rhinoceros, sir . Master-Wrong . That's not found in Aus- He further recommends an official agency tralia. composed in part at least of pension experts , Boy-Well , sir, that's exactly why it would entirely representative of public interests, to be peculiar.-Edinburgh Scotsman . 172 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 Teaching Profession of America Invited to Educational Congress Zurich to Be Scene of Gathering of Educators The memory of John Henry Pestalozzi, one cluded in the program of the other cities, of the illustrious sons of that modest, but very which will be visited. It is expected that the active republic in the heart of turbulent Eu- American teaching profession will be repre- rope , Switzerland, is to be honored this year, sented by a large contingent commensurate to the centenary of his death. The city and the the dignity, calibre and numbers of the Amer- state of his birth, Zurich, are co-operating in ican teachers. the preparation of elaborate plans, in which Dr. K. E. Richter, College of the City of the educational authorities, the University of New York, Convent avenue and 138th street, Zurich, and other educational institutions will will be glad to furnish teachers with further take leading parts. Special exercises, educa- information regarding the congress and trans- tional exhibits and conferences, to which for- portation to Zurich . eign representatives have been invited, will mark February, 1927, as a real "Pestalozzi Month." EFFETE BOSTON For August 1st, 2nd and 3rd a great In- Recently a tramp taken up in a New York ternational Educational Congress has been police court for drunkenness gave his birth- planned to which the teachers of Europe and place as Boston. "Yours," said the magis- America are invited. A National Advisory trate, "is a sad case. Yet you don't seem to Committee for America has been organized, thoroughly realize how low you have sunk." consisting of Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, The prisoner struck his brow with a pained President of Columbia University ; Dr. J. J. gesture, "Heavens," he exclaimed devoutly, "I Tigert, U. S. Commissioner of Education ; Dr. have stood many indignities, but to be sen- Frank P. Graves, President of the University tenced by a magistrate that splits his in- and Commissioner of Education of the State finitives ! This is the last blow ! " of New York, and President of the National Education Association ; Dr. Lillian Stroeb, Professor, Vassar College. The Educational REFERRED TO THE JURY Directors of the branches, representing the There is a certain youngster who isn't various countries of Europe and America form going to be subpoenaed as a witness any more an International Committee. by a certain attorney. One case is enough to lose. The organization of the work for the Zurich The local youth was on the witness stand, Convention, and the transmission of the offi- when the lawyer started in to examine him. cial invitation to the American teaching pro- "Have you an occupation ?" asked the at- fession have been placed in the hands of Dr. torney . K. E. Richter, College of the City of New "Nope." York, who in his capacity of Educational Di- rector for the American Branch, will be glad " Don't you do any work of any kind ? " to furnish any information concerning the "Nope ." educational congress . "What does your father do ? " "Nothin' much ." He is also closely co-operating with the au- thorities of Zurich to work out an interesting "Doesn't he do anything to support the family ?" program for the three days of the convention which will attract the teachers of Europe and "Odd jobs once in a while . " America . During the three days the mornings "As a matter of fact, isn't your father a will be devoted to conferences, the afternoons worthless fellow, a deadbeat and a loafer ? " to sight- seeing, the evenings to social func- "I don't know," the witness replied. " You tions such as a Venetian night on the Lake, a better ask him ; he's sitting over there on the concert and dance, and finally a farewell din- jury. " C. E. W. , The Christian Evangelist ner. Other attractive features will be in- (St. Louis .) February 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 173 Go Thou and Do Likewise Seattle Says It With Jingles Stop to Shop CORSETS Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street WE PATRONIZE—OUR ADVERTISERS Stella Hageman, 17 N. State Street Every wise and faithful teacher, Mrs. F. E. Wick ( Spencer )-15 E. Washington Street DRESSES When on Saturday she sallies Bains, 1224 Stevens Bldg. Forth to spend her hard-earned money, EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE Spend her fleet-winged, hard-earned money, Laura Mae Hayward-2001 Straus Building ELECTROLYSIS In the shops and market-places , Martha B. Dowdy- Room 800, 5 S. Wabash Avenue Will think long and think profoundly Louise B. Everett-Room 1033, 17 N. State Street Ere she spends her precious earnings . FLORISTS Streiff and Dagobert-3211 W. Madison Street FURS Whether she buy food or shelter, O. R. May-Room 501, Capitol Building Gay-hued silk or woolen clothing, John J. Moran-58 E. Washington Street Or bright gems for her adornment, F. Ranke- Room 309, Capitol Building She will think, and think profoundly, Siegel and Barth--39 S. State Street And will come to one decision- Robert Staedter-17 N. State Street Fanchon Troeger-209 S. State Street That she'll spend her dimes and dollars HANDICRAFT MATERIALS In the marts of Advertisers, Favor Ruhl Co., 425 S. Wabash Avenue Of all worthy Advertisers HATS SHAPED In the Grade Club Magazine. Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching-12 N. Michigan Avenue -Jessie E. Williams . INSURANCE Seattle Grade Club Magazine, December, 1926. Mary L. Funfar-39 S. LaSalle MASSAGE and EXERCISE Elin Gustavson Studio-15 E. Washington Street And ere today's red sun has sunken RADIOS Sunken o'er the dim horizon, Arthur E. Anderson, 1757 Sunnyside Avenue REDUCING METHODS Wilt thou profit by the lesson Edgewater System, 1126 Granville Avenue That Seattle, Wash., has taught us ? W. R. Gardner, 611-612 Capitol Bldg . Wilt thou journey forth to purchase PERMANENT WAVE Anne Heathcote-209 S. State Street From the shops whose wares are broadcast A. G. Heding, 15 E. Washington St. Thru the columns of THIS paper ? PRINTERS And wilt thou tell them that thou saw it Barnard and Miller- 172 N. La Salle Street READY - TO - WEAR In the pages of the Bulletin, Murray Black Co.-21 N. Wabash Avenue Thereby bringing peace and plenty Greene's-230 S. Michigan Avenue To ye ed and all her cohorts ? RESTAURANTS Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street • SCHOOLS American Schools Ass'n .- 17 N. State Street ORGANIZED LABOR SECRETARIAL TRAINING (Continued from page 165 ) Garnett L. Stevens-21 E. Van Buren Street earnest, trying to get consideration of these three par- Shorthand Coach School-431 S. Wabash Avenue ticular matters, intelligent test, platoon and the junior SHORTHAND REPORTER high. Mrs. Hefferan was chairman of the com- George Johnson, 1105 Ashland Blk . mittee, and after Mr. Olander made an exhaustive TEA ROOM report imagine the situation when Mrs. Hefferan Julia King-122 N. Dearborn Street asked if we were through, if there was anything TOURS more to be said. We said that was all we had to say. C. O. Sundstrom, Lake View High School And then she drew out a typewritten statement from Atlantic Travel Co., 140 N. Dearborn Street some paper she had on her desk and she says, "Now Mrs. Frank Brown, 955 W. Grand Avenue I am going to read to you the action and the conclusions Mrs. A. Baron, 5154 S. Parkway of the Board of Education in this matter." She then Lauders Tours, 112 W. Adams Street read a very definite statement that our proposition was L. B. Mansell, 4139 N. Long Avenue not going to receive any consideration. She did give us National Academy of Art, 230 E. Ohio Street the courtesy of presenting our objections, and then VOCATIONAL COUNSELOR practically shooed us out of the room by telling us that E. W. Drake, Atlantic Hotel they already had their program adopted. And that pro- Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready gram was to carry into effect these things that we reference OVER wanted to protest against. 174 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 Misleading Comparison of Shopping with the High School Failures Made Bulletin The Bulletin prints below an example of the misleading grandstand plays made by the present school administration . Renewal of last year's advertising contracts for The Bulletin and the signing of new, de- The table indicated purports to be a com- pend upon the patronage of the teachers, their parative record of failures showing a marked families and friends . improvement in the grades of two years . With their usual loyalty, the teachers have Upon close scrutiny, however, it is discov- responded and have visited the places of busi- ered that two things not at all comparable ness of the Bulletin advertisers, but we have have been compared for the sake of the rec- discovered that in many cases the teachers ord they make. have not made known to the shop-keepers the fact that they visited the shop as a result of The table of grades in major subjects for seeing the advertisement in The Bulletin. Ad- one year is compared with the grades for ALL vertisers, therefore, have been unable to trace subjects for another year. Obviously, “All the results of their advertising or to accredit subjects " includes physical education, music, it to the Bulletin readers . The Bulletin read- ers form the bond between the advertisement drawing, etc., in which there is naturally a in The Bulletin and new and increased busi- small percentage of failures, compared with ness for the advertisers . the number in the heavier " major subjects." The Bulletin Management Committee, The comparison is misleading and gives a therefore, is asking ALL the Bulletin readers false impression of the alleged improvement to co-operate in a movement to help the ad- in the scholastic standing of the schools . vertisers obtain good results from their Bul- CHICAGO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS letin advertising . PERCENTAGE OF FAILURES Will you help by : Jan. , Jan. , Indi- 1. Clipping out the Bulletin Advertisers' 1925 1926 cated Shopping List on the reverse side of this space and keeping it in your purse for ready Major All Improve- reference. School subjects subjects ment 2. Visiting the shops of five advertisers Austin 9.3 7.6 1.7 next week, five the following, etc., until you Bowen 12.3 6.8 5.5 have covered the list. Calumet 10.1 9.5 .6 3. Saying in each shop that you are a Bulletin reader and saw the ad in The Bul- Crane 13.3 8.9 4.4 letin. Englewood 10.4 8.6 1.8 4. Reporting at the next Federation meet- Fenger 9.2 6.1 3.1 ing any recommendations or suggestions Flower 12.6 9.3 3.3 you have to make regarding the advertisers Harrison 8.1 4.3 3.8 visited. Hibbard 11.1 5.9 5.2 5. Sending to the Bulletin office names of Hyde Park 14.8 10.1 4.7 prospective advertisers, shops which you pat- Lake View 13.4 8.5 4.9 ronize and which are not Bulletin adver- Lane 10.3 6.4 3.9 tisers, etc. Lindblom 12.4 9.0 3.4 6. Co-operating in any special task in Marshall 13.6 8.7 4.9 which the Bulletin Management asks you to McKinley 9.9 7.3 2.6 Medill 5.8 4.2 1.6 help. 14.7 12.3 2.4 On any advertising contracts which the Morgan Parker Park 11.9 7.3 4.6 teachers solicit, the Bulletin has to pay no 14.6 9.8 4.8 commission. We shall appreciate any adver- Phillips Schurz 15.9 12.3 3.6 tising the teachers can get for the Bulletin . Senn 14.7 11.3 3.4 We are grateful for your loyalty in help- Tilden 17.1 9.9 7.2 ing us get last year's advertisers . Will you 17.4 12.4 5. help us hold them and get new ones ? Please Tuley 11.2 8.5 BULLETIN MANAGEMENT Waller 2.7 do it NOW . COMMITTEE Crane College 8.2 .. ( Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready 12.4 8.6 reference.) Average 3.8 February 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 175 WHAT PRICE SYSTEM ? (Continued from page 169) come, under these changed condition ? And what sort ENRICI'S is famous no less of instrument must we have for this purpose? These problems are not being faced squarely, anywhere, today. for the enduring and deep They are not problems that any individual or group can solve. They are problems of the whole community, of our friendships it has won than whole civilization. The city, frightened, may demand system-knowing little else. School officials may pro- for the quality of the foods vide system-as the shortest way out. The whole edu- cational situation may be compromised by politicians. it serves and for the great Scared officials may yield to fallacious arguments while volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- strong men and groups jockey for personal or class ad- vantage. These are all in the democratic dialectic. Psy- day, before the matinee, it is the great chologists, even, may prove by infallible tests the finality of their own prejudices, and institutionalizers may run central meeting place . away with the "swag." Most of these doingings are sur- face waves, or spray that blinds most of them do not touch the great currents that run deep in the educational welter of the times. Rebellious teachers may fight system and mechaniza- tion, blindly striking out for freedom, driven by a sense of impending dangers. The materialistic crowd may cry HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT "Peace, peace," but there can be little peace-not because men are perverse, but because life is what it is. No man can stop life's currents or deny its deeps by setting up his own private tempest. Mrs. Young did not supply 67 W. Randolph St. E the energies that moved Chicago in her direction through an eventful period-she merely furnished the direction . Between Dearborn and Clark Streets When her directing was ended, those energies did not dissolve, they merely began to run for a time in other directions. They are still there. Given intelligent direc- No orchestral din tion, they can again be devoted to the development of community intelligence, to the fructifying of all con- temporary social effort. Why should we be content with TEACHERS mere system in education when we might have intelli- You are cordially invited to refer your students to us for gence as well? beginning or review work in shorthand, typewriting, book- Doubtless we shall have both in time. But optimism keeping. They are assured private instruction by competent teachers. will not bring that result; it will require broad social We can prepare you to instruct in shorthand, typewriting and bookkeeping. Our correspondence courses will help you wisdom and rare professional courage. It will mean prepare. SHORTHAND COACH SCHOOL that the community must put the best educational intel- MYRTLE M. VOSS ligence it has at work investigating these areas or social 101-3-4-5 Auditorium Building 431 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Wabash 3732; Harrison 1995 and educational unrest. Nor may we assume that that "best educational intelligence" is now in the schools. The point is well made in a fine review of the new 56 Years InThe Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR Henry Ford book, Today and Tomorrow, in the Sep- Buy from one who KNOWS values, tember, 1926, number of The Educational Review. I and will give you an honest deal quote: "Ford's distrust of tradition is picturesque. When F. RANKE FUR CO. he wants a process improved, for instance the making Second floor Capitol Bldg. of glass for windshields, he does not employ a glass- 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 maker. Why not ? 'Because,' says Henry, 'he'll decide from what he has done what he can do ! Rather there instrument. That experiment may have failed of its will be chosen an adventurer, with a fresh point of view. purposes, but experimentation has not failed. The bet- He will be set studying glass- making." ter instrument must yet be found. The System that Ford accepts this method for improving processes, at failed thirty years ago will scarcely succeed today. least within limits. Something of the same method must Eventually we shall again come upon the currents of be employed in education, it would seem, if we are to social experimentation and following them closer to their escape from mere schooling into education; that is, sources , we shall win nearer to the heart of life. Chi- from regimentation of mind on the patterns of tradition cago, herself, will some day become aware of her former into that larger experience within which both order and leadership in educational experimentation and will learn freedom will have their places. For such escape, educa- to be proud of her turbulent past. Some day she will tional processes must be studied by men whose minds want to learn what it was all about; and find out, she have either never been subordinated to traditional aca- will, soon or late, regain her former courage and she demic routines, or have completely escaped such sub- ordination. In the education of the future, what has will undertake, on more intelligent and practical lines, the fostering of that old experimental mood, in the great been done must not be permitted to dictate what can be hope that she may find out, eventually, how to educate done. The System failed to meet the needs of Chicago both her children—and herself, not for the dogmatic past thirty years ago, and a great experiment was under- but for the democratic future. taken for the purpose of finding a better educational From February, 1927, Survey Graphic. 176 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN February 15, 1927 r o p e SCHOOLS BOARDING Eu CONDUCTED FREE Information : All schools TOURS in U. S.; College Prep. , Finishing , Military , Jr. Colleges (Also Camps .) Catalogs , ratings , official advice . For 20 years $34000 and up This is not the cheapest tour-but teachers have directed it is the richest in travel fun and education. At parents to : AMERICAN every turn-adventures galore ! The Hyde Park SCHOOLS Ass'n. High School Spanish Tour was originated by us FREE BUREAU and was a huge success . This and other tours of Rm. 1204, ours speak for themselves ! Bon Voyage to you Stevens Bldg . as well. Write for details. Official agents for all 17 N. State St. steamship lines . State Chartered Tel. Cen. 6648 The ATLANTIC TRAVEL CO. 140N.Dearborn - Chicago State3875~1821 66- Day European Tour How would you like TO EUROPE Your Felt or Straw Hats MONOCABIN Reblocked All other accommodations equivalent at a price less than others charge for Tourist Third Class. into up-to-date styles? Bobbed hair or con- Will cover eight countries and will be the best servative styles. Small or extremely large headsizes . We have them. We are manu- tour for the money from Chicago this year. facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- Give me an opportunity to tell you about it. Write or phone ing Department has access to the best shapes . A trial will convince you of our L. B. MANSELL, Teacher efficient service . 4139 N. Long Ave. -Phone Pallisade 6090 Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg . Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 3994 Now Is the Time to Select Your GEORGE W. JOHNSON Fur Coat SHORTHAND REPORTER Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND STAEDTER'S REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. Oficial Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS RE YOU SATISFIED ? ECRETARIAL TRAINING A vocational analysis will help you better to understand your- AMPS Day and evening classes, individual A self, your pupils and human na- ture. Details free . E. W. DRAKE, Vocational Counselor C Free Information and Catalogs of all in U. S. Summer Camps for Boys or Girls. Apply Now:- Americans Schools Association S and small group instruction. Chicago Secretarial School Formerly Chicago School of Typing 21 E. Van Buren St. Har. 6460 Suite 111, Hotel Atlantic 17 No. State St. Tel . Central 6648 Phone Wabash 2646 NEW PLAN NO EUROPE ! UROPE Best for the A Salary-Continuance Contracts for Teachers . Full information by MARY L. 39 S. La Salle St. FUNFAR New York Life Ins. Co. Central 5505 E C. O. SUNDSTROM , Teacher Lake View High School 3766 Ward St. Money T 60 Days . Accompanied and directed by William Lauder. Send, write or call for literature . Lauder's Tours , established 1899, 112 W. Adams , Chicago . $895.00 Randolph: 1088. ORSETS EE Europe the Mentor TourWay TOURS. conducted tours through Europe. I have made Student Tour C twice. Can Select Standard and Student visiting 8 C Gossard Corsets Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison S tell you how satisfactory it is, and how wonderful for the price, $625. Write me for information. MRS . B. FRANK 0555 W. Grand Ave. BROWN Chicago T countries. Shorter trips may be arranged for. Price including ocean passage from $365 upward. For further information address MRS . A. BARON . 5154 South Parkway, 1404 . Chicago, III. Phone: Drexel a Depl RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED U. S. POSTAGE 28 1½c. PAID C72 K CHICAGO, ILLINOIS FC7 PERMIT No. 3663 8 10 D VOL . NO . IV 10 MargaretHaley's EIC BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . March 15, 1927 It Couldn't Be Done Somebody said that it couldn't be done, But he with a chuckle replied That " maybe it couldn't," but he would be one Who wouldn't say so till he'd tried. So he buckled right in with the trace of a grin On his face . If he worried, he hid it . He started to sing as he tackled the thing That couldn't be done, and he did it . Somebody scoffed : " Oh, you'll never do that; At least no one ever has done it' ; But he took off his coat and he took off his hat, And the first thing we knew he'd begun it. With a lift of his chin and a bit of a grin, Without any doubting or quiddit, He started to sing as he tackled the thing That couldn't be done, and he did it . There are thousands to tell you it cannot be done, There are thousands to prophesy failure; There are thousands to point out to you one by one, The dangers that wait to assail you. But just buckle in with a bit of a grin, Just take off your coat and go to it; Just start to sing as you tackle the thing That " cannot be done," and you'll do it. -EDGAR A. GUEST, From The Path to Home . 178 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 Teachers 1 Education by Radio Listen in to the daily educational talks given BY AND FOR THE TEACHERS over Chi- in Chicago cago Stations. Have shown an Progressive teachers are using the radio in their homes for the wealth of up-to-date information ever increasing and entertainment it affords . interest in this We will be glad to demonstrate how simple it operates store. in your home, any time-no obligations. For Appointment Phone Ravenswood 4741 Because AMERICAN RADIO SHOP ARTHUR E. ANDERSON, Mgr. Our styles are charm- 1757 Sunnyside Avenue ingly smart, reflecting the very newest modes . Because of much lower prices made possible by our strictly cash selling policy. BAIN'S Because our store radi- A NEW SHOP FOR WOMEN ates such an atmosphere of refinement and good Dresses taste, that shopping here in Sizes 14 to 56 is most pleasureable. Price range $16.75 to $45.00 Frocks Priced $25 to $95 No Charge for Alterations This Coats for Dress , Travel, No additional charge for Larger sizes Frock Utility Wear, $30 to $195 Intelligent Service of Open Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday Evenings Geor- gette, Johnson &Harwood BAIN'S 37 South Wabash Ave. $45 Suite 1224, Stevens Building 3rd Floor, N. E. Corner Monroe Delicious Cooking Charming Surroundings Moderate Prices By all means, include Alaska in your N.E.A. Service from 8A.M. to 12 P.M. trip. You may never again come so near- Luncheon .$0.60 have so good an op- Dinner 1.00 .. portunity ! Only $90 adds this priceless ex- Sunday Dinner 1.25 perience to your life a thousand mile cruise into the north- JULIA KING'S land , aboard a luxu- rious Canadian Pacific "Princess ." Price in- Tea Room cludes meals and ship accommodations, Van- couver to Skarway 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET and return. A trip like no other on earth! How would you like Your Felt or Straw Hats Reblocked into up-to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- servative styles. Small or extremely large headsizes . We have them. We are manu- facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- Alaska Glaciers, like frozen rainbows , tower above you. Tropic shores-flower carpeted, totem-poled-slip by on either side. A veritable ten - day moving pic- ture of the land of Rex Beach, Jack London and Robert Service. Of canneries and gold rushes, of sunshiny nights and Eskimos. Beg, borrow , or commit economy-but see this land of mystery and ing Department has access to the best beauty, via the World's Greatest Travel System. shapes. A trial will convince you of our Full information from efficient service. Thos. J. Wall, General Agent, 71 E. Jackson Blvd., near Michigan, Straus Bldg ., Chicago, III. Telephone Wabash 1904. Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. Canadian Pacific Be Sure to Register March 15. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL . 4. No. 10 March 15, 1927 Page 179 Distinguished Service Honor To Miss Inger M. Schjoldager In recognition of the long and faithful years of service Miss Inger M. Schjoldager, prin- cipal of the Peirce School, has given to the community, citizens of Edgewater tendered her a banquet February 28. Miss Schjoldager was transferred to the Emeritus Service list in Janu- ary. Miss Schjoldager is president of the Teachers' Pension Board. The following tribute was paid to Miss Schjoldager and copies of it distributed at the banquet : State of Illinois • • Department of the People 1 avenue, where she was both teacher and assistant prin- cipal. Her accomplishments won recognition and in Sep- tember, 1892, she was appointed to the Monroe street school, at the same time supervising the work of the Burr school branch. In October, 1893, Miss Schjoldager was promoted to the principalship of the Adams school, 849 Townsend street. In September, 1915, she was appointed principal of the Peirce school, 1423 Bryn Mawr avenue, where she served until January 26, 1927. DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD As fellow citizens, as friends and neighbors, as former pupils and as parents of pupils, we assemble in public meeting on Feb. 28, 1927, to pay our tribute to this great leader in the largest and most important army of the republic, the army of its common schools, wherein she has trained our boys and girls to be soldiers marching side by side under the Stars and Stripes in the great campaign for human brotherhood. Poets and painters, housewives and teachers, business men and business women, lawyers, doctors and dentists, men of public af- Principal Inger M. Schjoldager, commanding general fairs, soldiers and Red Cross nurses-workers in every of the Peirce division, having reached the age of 70 line of human endeavor, have profited by her inspira- years, has retired from active service, in conformity with the rules of the board of education. tion, her instruction and her example. She has rendered service of inestimable value at all In observing the transfer from the active to the emer- times, even to the very day of her retirement, showing itus list of this distinguished educator and leader of our energy, zeal, vigilance, understanding and unswerving children, the people of Edgewater deem it proper to devotion to her trust. She was actuated during this re- remind the other citizens of Chicago and the state of markable career of fifty- two years by a profound interest Illinois of the high quality of her service in their behalf, in the good of the schools and those under her charge. to review her performances of duty and love and to Her distinguished record should impress those still in recognize the obligation of the state of Illinois to one the educational forces as especially worthy of emulation. whose accomplishments have contributed much to the Her advancement from a private to one of the foremost educational and social efficiency of the commonwealth. ranks was the merit of duty well done, a high standard Miss Schjoldager was born in Stavanger, Norway, Nov. of honor always maintained, kindly judgment and un- 26, 1856, and brought to Chicago love for education, selfishness and loyalty to the school system, to the city, yearning for freedom, respect for law and desire for to the state and to the country which she served. service to her fellow men, which were an inheritance We extend to her not only for ourselves but for hun- from a line of sturdy ancestors. dreds of thousands the thanks which this eminent ser- After her graduation from the Chicago Normal College vice deserves and wish her long life, happiness, prosperity, in December, 1874, she enlisted as a private in the Amer- and above all we extol that ever-pleasant smile and ican educational forces. In April of the next year she that youthful spirit and perspective which, we believe, was assigned as a teacher in the Washington school, should still be available for the guidance of those who 1000 Grand avenue. In September, 1888, Miss Schjold- can not reconcile themselves to her too-early retirement ager was transferred to the Burr school, 1621 Wabansia THE CITIZENS OF EDGEWATER Be Sure to Register March 15. 180 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 Amendment Proposed to State Compulsory Retirement Law House Bill 130 Provides for Pension Based on Age Rather Than on Length of Service To meet the widespread interest manifest A teacher who is 61 years old and who has in House Bill No. 130, the Bulletin is printing taught 25 years could draw $800 from this it in this issue for the information of the proposed fund and $800 from the Pension teachers . fund and so on to 70 years as per the schedule The bill is a proposed amendment to the set forth in the Bill. 70-year compulsory retirement law signed by The Teachers' Pension Board and the Board the Governor on May 19, 1926. of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Fed- The Bill provides for voluntary retirement eration have approved House Bill 130 with the on a graduated annuity ranging from $700 to insertion of the proposed amendment recom- mended by the Attorney for the Pension $1,000 of any teacher, principal, district su- perintendent or assistant superintendent be- Board , Mr. I. T. Greenacre, which makes the tween the ages of 60 and 70 who has taught language clear that the Board of Education must conform to the requirements of the Ten- 25 years in Chicago. ure law in retiring teachers between 60 and The bill gives the Board of Education 70 years of age. power to require AT THE REQUEST OF The amendment recommended by Mr. THE SUPERINTENDENT, a physical or Greenacre provides that from the paragraph mental examination of any teacher, principal, just preceding the last paragraph of the Bill , district superintendent, or assistant superin- the two words, "found incompetent" be tendent who is 65 years or more of age, and, stricken out and in lieu thereof the words, if found incompetent, he shall be retired in- " any such teacher, principal, district superin- voluntarily at the same rate of annuity pro- tendent or assistant superintendent be found vided for voluntary retirement in the act mentioned above . incapacitated for service after trial as already or hereafter provided by law, be," should be The bill provides further that the rights of inserted. any teacher, principal, district superintend- Miss Inger M. Schjoldager the president of ent or assistant superintendent in any other the Pension Board represented that Board, statutory pension shall in no way be impaired and Miss Mary M. Abbe and Miss Nano T. or prejudiced. It provides that this proposed Hickey represented the Federation at the annuity may be IN ADDITION to the present hearing on House Bill 130 in the House Com- pension. mittee on Education at Springfield on Wednes- In short, any teacher who is 60 years old day, March 9. No action was taken by the and who has taught 25 years could draw $700 Committee. Another hearing will be held on and $800 from the pension fund, a total of or about March 17th . $1,500 . Following is the Bill : HOUSE BILL NO . 130 cipals, destrict superintendents, and assistant superin- 55th G. A.-1927 tendents, and the payment of retirement annuities," ap- proved May 19, 1926, the added section to read as fol- Introduced by Mr. Steven, Feb. 9, 1927 . lows: Read by title, ordered printed and referred to Com- Sec. 3. All teachers, principals, district superintend- mittee on Education. ents, and assistant superintendents who have served in the public schools of such city for twenty- five years or A BILL more prior to retirement under this Act and who are For an Act to add Section 3 to and to amend the title 60 or more years of age and who have not reached the of "An Act to provide for the compulsory retirement age of compulsory retirement as provided in sections one of teachers, principals, district superintendents, and and two of the last mentioned Act to which this section assistant superintendents, and the payment of retire- is added, shall upon their own request be retired from ment annuities," approved May 19, 1926. active service and thereafter be paid annuities for life from the moneys derived from the general tax levy for Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, educational purposes . Such annuities shall be paid re- represented in the General Assembly: spectively according to the following table of ages and SECTION 1. Section 3 is added to "An Act to pro- annuities annually as follows : vide for the compulsory retirement of teachers, prin- (Continued on page 195) Be Sure to Register March 15. March 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 181 2 Teachers Ask Scientific Appraisal Address Letter to Board of Review Requesting Action to Obtain Appropriation The Chicago Teachers' Federation, has eration was held on Friday, February 18, asked the Board of Review and the Board of after school, to hear a report of the action 1 Assessors to take action at once to secure a taken to date by these two Assessing Boards scientific equitable, uniform appraisal of all to secure from the County Board an appro- real estate in Chicago as a basis for the 1927 priation for such an appraisal, and to hear quadrennial assessment. The letter is printed from Mr. Anton J. Cermak, the President of below. the County Board . Real estate is assessed only once in four years in Chicago and Cook County. Unless the The County Board February 28 appropri- County Board appropriated for such an ap- ated $250,000 for an equitable, uniform assess- praisal in its budget on or before February ment. The City Council appropriated $25,000 28, there would be no opportunity for four for such an appraisal and a resolution provid- years, that is until 1931, to get a scientific, ing for an appropriation of $100,000 by the equitable, uniform assessment of real estate Board of Education for such a purpose, was in Chicago and Cook County. presented to the Board by Mr. English March 9 . A meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Fed- February 15, 1927. which are now put upon a comparable basis in that city. To the Honorable the Board of Review, In the City of Jamestown, N. Y., where such an ap- of Cook County, Illinois, praisal was made for assessment purposes in 1926, the Edward R. Litsinger, Chairman, city and school tax rate was reduced from $40 per $1,000 Charles V. Barrett, Member, valuation, under the old assessment, to $20.88 under the William H. Weber, Member. new assessment, based on the 1925 budget. Gentlemen : The records show that the assessment was more equit- The Chicago Teachers' Federation earnestly urges that able and therefore more satisfactory than any previous the Board of Review officially approve and request an assessment, less than three per cent of the individual tax- appropriation by the Board of Commissioners of Cook payers making complaint against it. County for the purpose of carrying into effect the intent of the resolution adopted by the County Board on Octo- The Chicago Teachers' Federation has persistently op- ber 25, 1926, instructing the President to secure estimates posed any increase in the tax rate for the Educational and proposals from recognized companies experienced in Fund as a means of securing the needed revenue for that municipal appraisal work who are competent and quali- Fund to prevent the ten per cent cut in teachers' salaries fied to perform such appraisal service for assessment pur- officially announced some time ago to be unavoidable if poses on a scientific, equitable and uniform basis; and that Fund is not substantially increased in 1927. Such an that your Board take this action in time for the County increase in the tax rate was proposed at the April pri- Board to instruct its Finance Committee to provide in mary and the November general election in 1926 and its the budget for 1927 a sufficient appropriation for the submission was urged at the coming primary or April payment of such appraisal service. election this year. The Federation insists that the needed revenue for the Your attention is respectfully called to these facts set forth in the resolution of the County Board, referred to Educational Fund and for the needs of the City and above: County should be obtained through an adequate, fair, (a) That more than 100 cities in the United States equitable quadrennial assessment in 1927, which, we are have had their real estate appraised for assessment convinced, can be secured only through such an appraisal as that referred to above. purposes on a scientific, equitable and uniform basis with the result that tax- payers in these cities have As the County Board must make provision in its budget a feeling of confidence and satisfaction because such for such an appraisal before February 28, the Chicago appraisal has secured lower tax rates and greater Teachers' Federation has called a meeting of teachers equity in the distribution of the tax burden. for Friday of this week (notice herewith) to hear the report of the action taken to date by the assessing (b) That the appraisal of the entire central busi- ness district of Chicago, made for the Board of Edu- Boards to secure this appraisal and the appropriation cation and City of Chicago in 1926, revealed gross therefor by the County Board. inequalities in the distribution of the tax burden in On behalf of the teachers I respectfully request infor- Chicago. mation, to be presented to that meeting Friday, as to The most recent report of such a scientific, equitable what action the Board of Review has taken toward ap- appraisal was made to the Mayor and assessors of Ithaca, proving and requesting such an appraisal and appropria- New York, on January 20, 1927, showing that the gen- tion therefor as are specified in paragraph one of this letter . eral results of the appraisal for assessment purposes made in the City of Ithaca, N. Y., reduced the assess- Yours sincerely, ments on small homes and increased the assessments on (Signed) MARGARET A. HALEY, revenue producing property and high class residences Business Representative. Be Sure to Register March 15. 182 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 Unequal Taxation on Two Homes Diagram Showing Unequal Taxation Due to Unequal Assessments on Two $10,000 Homes Fig. 1 $8,000. $10,000. A ASSESSED FULL VALUE VALUE B $6,000 . $10,000 . Fig. 2 A $ 360. PRESENT TAXES $630. TOTAL B $ 270. Fig. 3 $40. A $ 360. TAXES IF RATE IS IN- $700. TOTAL B $ 270 CREASED $ 1.00 $302 Fig. 4 TAXES UNDER A $360 EQUALIZATION $ 720. TOTAL B $360 A and B are two home owners in Chicago. Each of their homes is valued at $10,000 (Fig. 1, white and shaded areas combined). Due to the present system of unequal assessment, the full value fixed by the Assessors and Board of Review on B's home is only $6,000, while that on A's is $8,000 (Fig. 1, shaded area), making a difference of $2,000. The assessed value of any piece of property is one-half its full value. Therefore the assessed value of A's home is $4,000 while that of B's is $3,000, a difference of $1,000. Taxes paid by both A and B are at the same rate, approximately $9 on each $100 of assessed value. A pays $360 while B pays $270, a difference of $90 on the two homes whose actual full value is the same (Fig. 2). These are the conditions under the present system of unequal assessment. If the tax rate were increased one dollar on each $ 100 of assessed value, as has been proposed, A, who is now paying $360 taxes would pay $400; and B who is now paying $270 would pay $300 (Fig. 3, white and black areas combined) . If, however, the assessments were equalized, a policy which the Chicago Teachers' Federation has been spon- soring for more than 25 years, A would pay $360, the amount he is now paying, and B would pay $360, or $90 more than he is now paying under the present inequitable assessment system; that is, A, who is bearing the burden of the present system, would not have his taxes increased, while B, who has been escaping paying his share of taxes, would have his taxes increased to the point where A is now paying. (Fig. 4.) If, instead of increasing the tax rate, the assessments were equalized, A, who is discriminated against now by the unequal assessments, would not have his taxes raised (by an equalized assessment) but would continue paying what he is now paying, $360-an amount which is $40 less than what he would pay if the tax rate were increased. On the other hand, B, who, compared with A, has been profiting by the unequal assessment, would pay (if the assessments were equalized instead of the tax rate increased) the amount of taxes he is now paying, plus $90. In brief, equalizing assessments on these two homes would produce $90 public revenue as against $70 produced by increasing the tax rate, a net gain in revenue of $20. This amount would be produced through justice, equity and uniformity as between taxpayers, instead of by increasing the present injustice, inequity and lack of uniformity. In the one hundred cities where assessments have been equalized through scientific, uniform appraisals of real Be Sure to Register March 15. March 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 183 Comparative Valuations in Loop Chart Showing Comparative Valuations of Chicago Central Business District Bounded by the Lake, the River and Roosevelt Road Excess of the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company 1926 valuations over those of the Board of Review. 72% on land 163% on buildings $555,972,415 total 93% on totals 110,794 Little Homes Like This One Here Are Needed To Equal This Underassessment . $5,000 . $1,153,048,047 . Board of Review Valuation . The Manufacturers ' Appraisal Company Valuation . $792,145,540 . $599,076,032 . $461,841,879 ... $360,902,907 . $137,234,153 . LANDS BUILDINGS TOTALS estate, such as was made in the loop in 1926, the general result has been to lower taxes on small homes and to raise taxes on revenue producing property and high class residences and at the same time to increase the total revenue received from taxation. Let B's $10,000 represent one $10,000 unit of value in a $5,000,000 Loop office building and site instead of a home: Then B would save $60 on each $10,000 unit of value of which units he has 500; total 500 times $60 or $30,000 B would save by an increase of one dollar in the tax rate instead of by equalizing assessments. There are 500 owners of $10,000 homes, or 1,000 owners of $5,000 homes, for every owner of a Five Million Dollar sky scraper in Chicago. On a clear cut issue on equalizing assessments instead of increasing the tax rate, these home owners have a voting power of 1,000 to one against the owners of loop sky scrapers. But on the proposition to equalize assessments, one owner of a loop sky scraper knows how to make more noise, through his exclusive clubs and newspapers, than can be made by 5,000 newspaper- fed voters. "For ways that are dark" the "heathen Chinee" has nothing on the assessment fixer. Be Sure to Register March 15. 184 From the MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 Masthead Full many a gem ofpurest ray serene The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear -Gray's Elegy To the Teachers of Chicago: Here are a few gems from the ocean of ora- they were efficient or not. * * * tory that flooded the City Council at its meet- Public opinion rose up and this League ing on February 23, 1927-the day after the was created to help stem the tide of public primary election-when the aldermen were sentiment against that action, and I think it explaining their votes on the Mayor's nomi- was Alderman Clark, or Alderman Kaindl, nees for the Board of Education. Of the 28 some member of the Committee, asked the aldermen who voted on February 23 to con- Doctor (Doctor Schmidt) , if appointed, would firm the Mayor's nominees, three were de- he be in favor of dimissing teachers without feated the day before and a fourth was not an opportunity for a hearing, and his answer a candidate for re-election. It requires 26 was, " That depends upon the circumstances." * * * votes to confirm . Alderman Mills : When the schools ad- Alderman Nelson: Mr. Chairman, I know I jorned for the long vacation, at the end of am rather long winded and I know I am not June, 1924, not a teacher in the system be- going to make many converts after the work low the tenth grade knew positively where his that has been done by the administration in or her child would be allowed to attend school lining up votes for the minority report [the when the schools opened in September fol- report recommending the confirmation of the lowing. Mrs. Hefferan said that was true, but four nominees ] , * * * I make this talk for the she did not think it a matter of great impor- purpose of a record that will go down not tance. I think it is utterly inexcusable and only in this next month's campaign, but will indefensible, and would not be tolerated in go down for years to come. You and I and any other community I can think of. every member of this council are going to be * * * a part and parcel of this record. * I find in the ward I represent a platoon school with little children six years or so hav- Alderman Seif: If there is any member of ing seven different teachers in the course of the City Council who questions these school their day. They can get no help from teach- trustees, I should. There is not a member ers who have several hundred children before of this City Council who has had as much them in the course of a day. How can they trouble with the Board of Education as I get any benefit under such a system ? It is have had in the last year. * * * I vote to con- a crime against little children. The children firm. * * * cannot speak for themselves. I shall vote against the confirmation of the people who Teachers, dig down through the pages of have been responsible for this. this Bulletin and you will find some more * * * gems. Alderman Nelson : Teachers were dis- missed , 68 of them at one swoop, without written charges, without an opportunity for defense, no consideration given as to whether Marzena. Haly Be Sure to Register March 15. March 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 185 City Council Confirms Mayor's Board Appointees Nominees Voted on En Bloc Over Protests In spite of the protests of parents, in spite previous, had presented a report recommend- of the objections of the Chicago Federation of ing that the names of all the nominees except Labor, in spite of the majority report of the Mr. Vopicka be rejected . Committee on Schools which had heard the A minority report recommending the con- evidence and drawn up its report accordingly, firmation of all four members was also pre- recommending the confirmation of only one sented to the Council . Action on both reports of the four nominees presented by the Mayor, was deferred . Mr. Vopicka, the City Council on February 23 Following is the record of the aldermen as confirmed all four nominees, Mrs. Helen Hef- they voted in the Schools' Committee for the feran, Dr. Otto Schmidt, Charles J. Vopicka mayor's nominees : and Walter J. Raymer. VOTE OF CITY COUNCIL SCHOOLS COM- The meeting was featured by one of the MITTEE ON NOMINEES FOR MEMBER most heated debates ever staged on the Coun- OF BOARD OF EDUCATION Hefferan Vopicka cil floor. The final vote was the culmination Schmidt Raymer February 11, 1927 of a five months' investigation into Board of ;2 ye ye ;2Nye ye o ;2 o ;1 o A,6N Education affairs, particularly the financial A A ,6N A ,6N ,4 status of the Board, and the climax of a three months' hearing on the merits and demerits Name Ward of the proposed Board members . The final vote stood as follows : The Committee had recommended the con- firmation of only one of the four members Arvey ..... 24 Aye Aye Aye Aye presented by the Mayor, Mr. Vopicka, and had Brieske 45 Chairman, Not Voting recommended that the other three be not con- No Clark 30 Aye Aye Aye. firmed. Cronson .. 4 No No No No For Confirmation of the Four Appointees : Fick 20 No No No No Aldermen Coughlin, Eaton, Guernsey, Hoellen 47 No Aye No No Woodhull, Meyering, Govier, Cross, Moran, Nelson ... 46 No Aye No No Barbee, McKinlay, Horan ( D. A. ) , Cepak, Mills 37 No No No No Toman, Arvey, Horan (A. J.), Clark, Adam- Wilson 11 Absent No No kewicz, Petlak, Kaindl, Seif, Adamowski, Ringa, Jensen, Albert, Loescher, Brieske, Absent : Adamkewicz ( 21 ) , Bowler ( 41 ) , Frankhauser, Pontow-28 . Kaindl ( 38 ) , Pontow ( 50 ) . Against Confirmation of the Four Appointees : At the Council meeting February 23, Alder- Aldermen Anderson, Jackson, Wilson, man Nelson made a motion to have the vote Kunstman, O'Toole, Ryan, Fick, Smith, Nus- on the confirmation of the Mayor's nominees ser, Mills, Nelson, Hoellen-12. postponed , after Alderman Brieske had Absent : Cronson, Byrne, Powers, Mendel, moved to substitute the minority report for the Maypole, Bowler, Crowe. majority report. Alderman Brieske withdrew Present but not voting : McDonough-1 . his motion and called up both reports, where- There are but 48 aldermen in the Council upon Alderman Arvey moved to substitute the since November 3, 1926, when Mr. Touhy and minority report. His motion was seconded by Mr. Boutell were elected to other offices . Alderman Toman . The vote stood 28 to 12 for confirmation, Alderman Arvey moved to table Alderman with 7 aldrermen absent and one present but Nelson's motion to defer action until the next not voting. regular meeting of the Council and Alderman As the conclusion to its three months' in- Arvey's motion prevailed with a vote of 26 vestigation into the records and policies of ayes, 12 noes. the mayor's nominees the Committee on Again Alderman Arvey moved to substi- Schools, at the City Council meeting a week tute the minority report for the majority re- Be Sure to Register March 15. 186 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 port, following which there was a discussion was tested out on about nine different occasions, was to in which Alderman Anderson moved to amend vote to complete the work then before the committee. The Alderman states that we had no jurisdiction, no the report. Alderman Arvey moved to lay right to make this financial investigation. But we were Alderman Anderson's motion on the table and charged by action of this Council to investigate the finan- the motion carried with a vote of 26 ayes, 12 cial status of the school system. The efficiency of the noes . whole system was being destroyed by reason of the Alderman Arvey renewed his motion to sub- muddled condition of the public mind due to conflicting statements with reference to the finances of the schools : stitute the minority report and the motion The Mayor of the City made public a statement, based carried with a vote of 26 ayes, 12 noes, the al- on information from the President of the Board of Edu- dermen explaining their votes. cation, that there would be a deficit of $3,500,000 in the Alderman Arvey moved to adopt the minor- educational fund January 1, 1927; this Committee on ity report and Alderman Nelson moved to Schools of the Council had the information given to it amend by voting on the candidates separately. by the Board of Education that there would be a surplus of $3,000,000 in the educational fund on January 1 , 1927; Alderman Nelson's motion was tabled by a and men and women connected with the system were viva voce vote. going up and down our city making the statement that Again Alderman Arvey renewed his motion our schools would be closed in the month of January or to substitute the minority report for the ma- February, 1927, unless we voted an increase in the tax rate. jority report with the result, 28 yeas, 12 noes . That investigation was vital. That was a service that Then Alderman Arvey moved to confirm the restored some of the efficiency lost in our public school four appointees and his motion was carried by system because the minds of the parents and the minds a vote of 28 to 12, with 7 absent, one not vot- of the teachers were cleared as a result of that inves- ing. tigation. The action was taken by the City Council But Alderman Arvey states that I made a motion to defer action on those nominees after the Committee had after it had been shown in Schools Committee adopted the motion to consider these nominees in De- hearings that Mrs. Hefferan had treated par- cember. The records of the Committee speak for them- ents with discourtesy and contempt ; that she selves Alderman Arvey moved that these nominees be was responsible to a large degree for the Jun- taken up for consideration. Anderman Mills moved as a substitute that the nominees be invited to appear ior High School policy as it is operating in before the Committee. I was a little tardy that day in Chicago ; that she had voted against teachers ' attending the Committee meeting and came in and found councils and in favor of the superintendent's that substitute motion before the Committee. I was "hand picked conference ," a makeshift which opposed to both motions. I was for postponing action silenced the voice of the classroom teacher. on these nominees until we had completed our financial The City Council's vote was taken after it investigation. Mr. Mills' motion prevailed and three of the nominees put in an appearance and we listened to was known that Mr. Raymer refused to ap- them; first, Dr. Schmidt and Mrs. Hefferan and at a pear before the Committee to answer ques- subsequent meeting, Mr. Vopicka. tions which it might see fit to ask him . I am going to read to the Council when we take up the Committee action and this report, letters received The Council vote was taken by the aldermen by the committee from former Alderman Rayner, who with the knowledge that Dr. Schmidt ac- had been three times requested to appear before the knowledged he belonged to an organization Committee. The Committee decided by majority vote at which had backed the Loeb policies ( among least nine times to finish the work in hand, and we did, which was the dismissal of 68 teachers with- and we developed as a result of that investigation that the information given by the Board of Education to out charges being preferred against them ) the Mayor and to the City Council and to the public at and his open admission that he believed it large was misinformation, to say the very least, to treat might be necessary to dismiss teachers with- it kindly, to talk of it in a charitable vein, is to say out a hearing . that it was misinformation. They came in and admitted, the Board, that they had made an error of $3,800,000 in That the teachers may know the attitude of one item, and another error of two and a half million the aldermen, extracts from the stenographic dollars in another item and another error of one and a report of the City Council meeting of Febru- half million dollars in another item . ary 23 follow : * We finally straightened it out, and when we had that * * striaghtened out, I was for a further postponement until ALD . NELSON : Mr. Chairman, just briefly replying our Committee had an opportunity to investigate the and not discussing these appointments now because the platooning of schools and the institution of the junior motion before the Council is my motion to defer until high school in our public school system. the next meeting of the Council, be that a week or two Why did I want that investigation ? I wanted it so weeks . Alderman Arvey attempts to place all of the that our committee as laymen, not educational experts , blame for delay on me. I am willing to shoulder all could have accurate information so that we might ques- of that if you are so disposed to give it to me. But tion the nominees as laymen, and not educational ex- the majority vote of the Committee on Schools, and it perts , as to what they thought of the platoon system in Be Sure to Register March 15. March 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 187 the abstract, what they thought of the junior high school nominees . Former Alderman Walter J. Raymer, in re- proposition in the abstract, and yet Alderman Arvey sponse to the first invitation, neither put in an appear- pressed and pressed until the committee by majority vote ance nor even addressed a communication to the Com- decided on a definite day to take up for consideration the mittee. He ignored the Committee absolutely. On the Mayor's nominees. There has not been a day lost by second invitation to appear, under date of February 3, the Committee on Schools in giving service to the citi- he writes the following letter, addressed to the Honor- 1 zenry of Chicago in connection with our public school able Leo M. Brieske, Chairman of the Council Com- system, and after these appointments came to our com- mittee on Schools . mittee in November, three months ago, just three months, calendar months, why couldn't we wait a week Raymer Ignores Committee or two from now, so when we are all fresh, with clear "Dear Alderman : minds, we could meet and go into this matter thoroughly ? Following out the conversation of last night, in That is why I am asking the members of this City which you informed me that apparently the letter Council today to postpone action. This delay won't intended for me was sent to Mrs. Hefferan and Mrs. I hurt, won't affect the Board. No harm can come by a Hefferan's letter came to me, this is the second let- delay of a week or two now. ter. Apparently your Committee would be expecting I hope my motion will prevail to postpone. to see me this morning. I told you, however, that it * * * * * * * * * * would not be possible for me to come before the ALD . NELSON : Mr. President and gentlemen of the Committee, but that I would write a letter to you. Council-I take it every member of this Council agrees From the reports of the Committee meetings which with me at least to this extent, that this is an important I have seen in the daily papers it seems that the duty we are called upon to perform this afternoon, the committee are desirous of knowing the views of the confirmation or rejection of the nominees for member- Mayor's appointees to the school board on different ship on our Board of Education. Just for a slight repeti- matters of policy pertaining to the management of tion, I do not know of any public office that is anywhere our schools . Not having served on the Board or near equal in importance to the public office of trustee having any experience of that kind, of course it of our Chicago Board of Education. Men and women would be foolish for me to presume to offer any opinions at this time. I can only say that if my legally appointed to serve in that public office have appointment is concurred in by the City Council, within their jurisdiction and within their duty, sworn duty, the future welfare of the future citizens of our that I will give such time to the affairs of the city, and our nation. Board as seems necessary to do good work. During my forty years of residence in Chicago I spent They not only have the expenditures of millions of twelve years of it in the public service, eight years dollars in the way of erection of buildings, but have as a member of the City Council and four years the administration of the school system. What is more as Commissioner of track elevation, under the late important than the expenditure of the millions of dollars Mayor Busse. I can hardly see what can be accom- for the maintenance of our public school system is the plished by requiring me to appear before your kind of curriculum, the kind of education that is given Committee. in our public school system; and the members of our Board of Education are the men and women who are Trusting this will serve the purpose that would in the last resort responsible for what the curriculum in have been by a visit with your Committee, I beg our public school system is or is going to be. That is to remain why we ought to consider carefully, that is why the Very sincerely yours, legislature of Illinois imposed upon this Council the duty Walter J. Raymer ." of confirmation or rejection so that not only the chief Here is a nominee of the Mayor, a man of public executive, whose duty it is to nominate, shall consider experience, that makes a statement in a letter that carefully the caliber and the qualifications of the men he relies on the information of the daily press as to and women to serve on that important public office, but what the committee wanted of him. He did not dignify that his nominations shall be reviewed before they take the Committee or the Mayor who appointed him, to the office, because once confirmed and sworn in in that office, extent of responding to our invitation to learn first hand there is not any power vested in the Mayor, no power what we wanted of him. Of course, all we wanted of vested in this City Council, no power vested in any body Mr. Raymer is what we wanted of any nominee, to ask to remove them before they serve their term of office, him, not as an educational expert, but as a citizen, as five years , or whatever term they are appointed for. a layman, what he thought of certain educational mat- The only way they may be removed is by impeachment ters ; not necessarily questions that would require expert proceedings before the Supreme Court or the Illinois advice; what we wanted to ask Mr. Raymer was, if legislature. It is almost impossible, it is practically im- appointed, would he co- operate with the City Council, possible once they are confirmed ever to dislodge them would he give to the citizens of Chicago a hearing be- prior to the expiration of their term. What has your fore the Committees of the Board of Education, before Committee done in connection with these nominees sub- the Committees of which he was a member before he mitted to us by the Mayor of Chicago ? We are trying would take any action. Those are questions that we are to be careful. We come here today, a majority of the going to put to every nominee, and yet he would not committee, recommending one of the four nominees for come so that we might ask those questions . confirmation, Mr. Charles J. Vopicka, and Mr. Vopicka Then, again, we gave him another opportunity to pre- presented himself before the Committee. He has sub- sent himself to the Committee. By motion, the Secre- mitted himself to question and he satisfied a majority of the Committee. tary was instructed, on February 4th, again to request Then we heard from two other nominees , Mrs. Helen his appearance, but here is his reply under date of Hefferan and Dr. Otto L. Schmidt. There were four February 10th: Be Sure to Register March 15. 188 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 Raymer Must Go South done for the purpose of breaking down the spirit of "Honorable Leo M. Brieske, the men and women in whose hands were placed the City Council Committee on Schools. destiny of our schools-sons and daughters. My dear Alderman : Public opinion rose up and this League was created Replying to your favor of February 9th, will say to help stem the tide of public sentiment against that that I am sorry that my letter to you on the subject action, and I think it was Alderman Clark, or Alderman of my appointment to the Board of Education did Kaindl, some member of the Committee asked the Doc- not satisfy the members of your Committee. I regret tor, if appointed, would he be in favor of dismissing that I have not been able to satisfy your Committee teachers without an opportunity for a hearing, and his with a letter. I cannot, however, see my way clear answer was, "That depends upon the circumstances" ; to change my attitude in reference to appearing be- and then following that day that he was questioned, he fore the Committee, and this attitude was one of came before the Committee, and when asked the same refusal, as I have nothing to add whatsoever to what question, immediately assailed me as a member of the I stated in my former letter, and I am afraid the Committee. His attitude was one that honestly justified Committee will either have to confirm or reject my the thought that some of us received when he replied appointment to the Board as it now stands. and admitted the fact that he was a member of the I intend to leave the City, as is my custom every League that attempted to defend Mr. Loeb when he winter, for a visit to the South, and I am naturally, discharged 68 teachers without charges or an opportunity as a consequence, quite busy." for defense, and for that reason I take it the majority I submit to the members of this City Council that the of the Committee refused to vote to confirm or to recom- attitude of a citizen dignified by appointment to such mend for confirmation Doctor Otto L. Schmidt. an important office as member of the Board of Education Mrs. Helen Hefferan, another nominee, and present refusing to come before that body, whose duty it is member of the Board of Education, who served there to confirm or reject it, but sends in a letter in place just about three years, or a little over, we had con- of his appearance, does not in the first instance show siderable questions to ask Mrs. Hefferan because we a proper appreciation of the importance of the office had her record, had some knowledge of her record as to which he has been appointed, and takes the attitude a member of that important body. that the Committee would have to be satisfied with that ALD . GUERNSEY : Your five minutes are up. letter, and then points out that it is his custom every ALD . COUGHLIN : I move five minutes more be winter to go to the South, and that he is quite busy. extended to the gentleman. What kind of service to the children of Chicago could ALD . NELSON : We had a number of questions to that kind of appointee give ? I say, that the Mayor of ask Mrs. Helen Hefferan. This Council chamber, and Chicago, when he learned of the contents of his letters, the seats of the gallery were crowded almost at every ought to have withdrawn his name as a nominee. meeting of the Committee, with mothers and fathers, Eleven members of the Board of Education, spending not from the North Side alone, but from the West Side more money than we spend in our corporate budget here and South Side down here to protest to the Council every year, and more important, charged with the duty Committee on Schools against the treatment by Mrs. of safeguarding the education of hundreds of thousands Hefferan. Why were they here ? They had been to the of children, and by a letter written and signed, pre- Board of Education, some of the delegations a number senting an attitude of contempt for the elected repre- of times, trying to have matters affecting their chil- sentatives of the people of Chicago, refusing to give dren's lives and interests adjusted, and in each instance one statement as to what his attitude would be, if they were referred to Mrs. Helen Hefferan, Chairman appointed to this public office. of the School Administration Committee and the record Now, if you men here, who have just recently been is here-Alderman Arvey knows it because he undertook re- elected, the vast majority of you, would say that to cross examine a number of those mothers and fathers, was forgetting the duty you owe to your constituency and in every instance they replied that they were treated to vote EN BLOC and carry with it to appointment to with contempt by Mrs. Hefferan. Some of them testified that public office a man of the attitude and frame of that they were ordered away by her, and told to go mind of Walter J. Raymer, then I say to you that you home; that mothers and fathers were not competent and are making a most serious mistake. The record will were not the best judges of what was best for their be here and rise up to confront you sooner or later. children in an educational way. The record is replete So much for Mr. Raymer. with statements of mothers and fathers to that effect. Dr. Schmidt Belonged to League John Fitzpatrick Testifies The Committee heard from Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, who More than that, there came before the Committee came before the Committee in response to the first John Fitzpatrick, President of the Chicago Federation invitation. He was in attendance at practically all of of Labor, and he testified before this Committee on the meetings of the Committee. In response to the Schools as to experiences that the Chicago Federation questions, it was developed that Dr. Otto L. Schmidt of Labor had with Mrs. Helen Hefferan; that in 1924, was, some years ago, a member of the Public School when the Board of Education, without notice to any citi- League, a league which was organized at the time that zen , without an opportunity for hearing, adopted the order Mr. Jacob Loeb was president of the Board of Educa- instructing the Superintendent of Schools to establish tion, and I take it that practically every man here Junior High Schools; that when our Committee, the remembers the turbulent times in our public school sys- Committee of the Chicago Federation of Labor, found tem under the presidency of Jacob Loeb. Teachers were out about it, protested in the month of May, 1924, and dismissed; 68 of them at one swoop, without written only petitioned in behalf of thousands of school children charges , without an opportunity for defense, no con- in Chicago, that that system be not instituted until we sideration given as to whether they were efficient or not, had an opportunity to discuss it with the members of done for the purpose of breaking up their association, the Board of Education. All we wanted before that Be Sure to Register March 15. March 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 189 system was instituted was the opportunity of a hearing, Council, not as educational experts , but as laymen, that so that we might present, in behalf of the parents of you ought to be qualified to say whether you were in Chicago that are represented in the Federation of Labor, favor of the platooning of schools. Every one of you, our feeling with reference to the Junior High School . I take it at least it was my attitude and experience We were accorded a hearing-Mr. Victor A. Olander, the sweetest memory I probably have, outside of the who was a spokesman of our Committee on Schools, and memory of my parents, is the memory of the teacher who at that time unfortunately was blind, sat in the when we went to school. Where she teaches 30, 35 or Board of Education rooms, without the ability to read 40 children, has them under her supervision all day, or from any references, relying solely on his memory and the biggest part of the day, she has an opportunity to his investigations on this important subject. He ad- study the little child's personality and tendencies of the dressed the Board of Education Committee on School child, and that adds more to the efficiency of teaching Administration for an hour and a half, giving a state- than anything else. Under the platooning system they ment equalled by no one there as to the study of the move from room to room, and Mrs. Hefferan, as chair- Junior High School System. man of the Committee on School Administration, did Immediately upon the conclusion of his statement, Mrs. not afford to any of the parents an opportunity for a Helen Hefferan rose and read a statement from a type- hearing on such an important change by our Board of written document which in substance said, We are glad Education, in the educational system as the platooning to have the information you give us, but action has of the schools, and I submit any man or woman that already been taken. Then Mr. Olander turned to Mrs. will deprive mothers and fathers of an opportunity to Hefferan and said, " Is the lady reading from a written talk to.**** [Alderman Nelson was interrupted at this document ? " and she answered, " Yes." He said, "Then, point and resumed as follows : ] am I to understand that before I came here today that ALD . NELSON : I simply want to say to you, to my you, as Chairman of the Committee on School Adminis- colleagues of the Council, that if today you vote for tration, had already concluded as to what disposition the minority report, don't vote individually on these you were to make of my statement, that it was not going nominees, or if voting individually you vote for the con- to affect your mind or your action in the slightest ?" firmation of Helen Hefferan, then you put your stamp And then there was considerable confusion in an attempt of approval on all of the actions of all the trustees in to cover up the manipulation of those very people. I attempting to thwart the will of the parents of the City admit she is able from the standpoint of ability to talk, of Chicago. **** and I admit that she is very able from the standpoint ALD . NELSON : I say if you vote today for Mrs. of being a manipulator. I have met men in poliitcs, and some men in politics who might have never gone Helen Hefferan, you put your stamp of approval on all of these manipulators that I have just mentioned. I out of public office, but no more crafty, competent say that there is no locality or neighborhood in Chi- manipulator than I have met in the person of Mrs. cago where you won't find a wide range of discussion Helen Hefferan. Her ability is what makes her danger- ous. amongst parents as to the conduct of our Chicago No comprehensive, no conception nor idea of Board of Education during the last two years or two the duty she owes as a member of the Board of Edu- and a half years, particularly, and most of the actions cation to the mothers and fathers, not the slightest; can be traced directly to the door of Mrs. Helen Hef- look through this record of probably two thousand or feran. three thousand, typewritten pages of stenographic reports . You will find men and women who are not Depended on Mrs. Hefferan on the Committee who were here. You would have visualized hard working mothers, coming to this Com- Many of our members, members of the Board of mittee away from their household duties to talk to our Education, are somewhat, somewhat like Mr. Rayner, Committee on Schools, because it offered them the only so busy with their own business affairs that they don't have an opportunity to study the reports submitted to opportunity to protest against an intolerable situation . And this woman is Chairman of the Committee on them by the Superintendent of Schools. They come to School Administration, and it has been through these the Board meeting direct from their offices , and they manipulations, working with the Superintendent of take action, and they come to rely upon a person such Schools, Mr. McAndrew, that twelve junior high schools as Mrs. Hefferan, a lady of leisure, a married woman. have been instituted in Chicago. **** It is not necessary for her to give time to any line of business or commercial enterprise. She has plenty of Mrs. Hefferan and Platoons time to devote herself to school affairs, but she has She ( Mrs. Hefferan) joined and she was the leader seen fit throughout her entire service on the Board of of the movement that put over the platooning of Education to do what ? To sit down with Professor schools , and, for the information of you men in the Judd of the University of Chicago. And who is Judd, Council who have not sat on the Committee on Schools, aside from being a professor at the University of Chi- what does the platoon system mean ? It means a factory cago ? He is the head and the directing genius of the system of education. It means housing 1,200 children Rockefeller Foundation's activities in the educational in a school built for 800 or 850 children, keeping them field. And who is the Rockefeller Foundation ? What rotating, some of them in the central playground, or is it ? The Rockefeller Foundation is a corporate body play room, then moving from one room for one lesson created by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, subsidized with to another room, into the gymnasium, into the audi- millions of dollars . To do what ? To do so- called civic torium, one teacher handling 200 to 250 children a day. work . What does their civic work consist of in the edu- Why we deferred, why we wanted to defer action on cational field ? It consists of doing what has been done these nominees is not to ask them as experts what in the last two and a half years in the City of Chicago they thought of the platoon system. We wanted to in our Board of Education, circumventing and side- ask them as laymen what system, you men in the tracking education. Why is the Rockefeller Foundation Be Sure to Register March 15. 190 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 anxious to sidetrack education, to curtail the educational And Mrs. Hefferan has sat with Professor Judd and facilities ? Well, let's reason on that. taken the educational policy of the Rockefeller Founda- There are reasons . One is the cost of education. We tion and foisted it, with the assistance of Superintendent know that approximately twenty- five per cent of our McAndrew, on our Chicago Public schools. * * * * * * * * * * taxes go to the maintenance of public schools. Mr. Chairman, I know I am rather long- winded, and ALD . MILLS : I believe as a member of the Schools I know I am not going to make many converts after Committee, and former member of the Board of Educa- the work that has been done by the administration in tion, I have an obligation to the members of the City lining up votes for the minority report. I am going to Council who are not members of the Schools Committee. ask the members of the Council just to bear with me a Some of them attended a number of the meetings. I little bit and I will be through in about three minutes. attended all of the meetings. I quite agree with what I make this talk for the purposes of a record. I am Alderman Nelson has said in regard to Mr. Walter J. making it for the purposes of a record that will go Rayner. down not only in this next month's campaign, but will But before I discuss the motion in question, I have just go down for years to come. You and I and every mem- one word with regard to the delay Alderman Arvey has ber of this Council are going to be a part and parcel of spoken of. It is true there have been a number of delays. this record. Unfortunately, some of them if I am not mistaken I say, there are two reasons for the Rockefeller Alderman Arvey himself moved for delay, due to the Foundation and the Union League Club to be inter- death of Mr. John J. Sloan. Another time there was a ested in instituting the platooning of schools and the delay because of sickness of the Chairman, and certainly instituting of the junior high schools. One of them is none of us can be held responsible for that. So much the cost of education. The big tax- dodgers in Chicago for that question. and Cook County, throughout the State, the corporate Now, in regard to Mr. Rayner, I think in addition to interests that are dodging taxes, they know that sooner what Alderman Nelson has said, a word in regard to or later we are going to make them pay their just share Alderman Rayner only, that his attitude is an insult, of taxation. They want to cut down the expense. not only to the Council and the Committee, but also And then there is another reason just as important, the Mayor, because the names of the nominees, if you and probably more important than the actual cost of please, were sent to the Committee at the request of the education ; that is the matter of control; that is the Mayor, expressed through Alderman Woodhull, and so matter of ability for the upper crust of society to control I say when he takes that attitude, he is insulting not the so - called lower crust. When these billionaires are only the Council, and the members of the Council, and drawing their wills, when they are nearing the end of the Committee, but the Mayor himself, and I agree with life, their thoughts are given to how they can protect the Alderman that the Mayor should withdraw the nom- their sons and daughters and the future generations and ination; but I go further and I say now and there is keep their billions intact for them. What do they think nothing personal in the attitude-in addition to what he of ? They think of the mass of the people, and labor has said in regard to Mr. Rayner; we find on this Board particularly, who constitute most of the people. They of eleven, already three or four bankers. Mr. Rayner think of the possibilities of an uprising, where their for- is a banker. I say to you that this is giving an over- tunes might be disputed and taken from them. They representation to a particular group, from the point of think of cheap labor and unintelligent labor. view that no one group or interest in this city should They know that the Congress of these United States have so large a representation. have placed on the statute books a law restricting im- The business of the Board of Education is to settle migration, requiring a test as to literacy and apportion- the educational policies of the city, school policies of the ing the representation. So that today the corporations city. I know they are not doing it. I know they are are not getting the flow of European labor, and what leaving it altogether to the Superintendent and the is happening -*** school administration. The function of the superinten- dent is administrative and not legislative, to settle school Why the Platoon ? policies. They think of this immigration restriction law and Now, then, in regard to Mrs. Hefferan: I agree that they know what is happening in America today. They she is one of the ablest persons on the Board of Educa- know that the American citizen, the wage -earner-the tion to my knowledge, and I have been familiar with records will show it, are making sacrifices, sending their that body more than twenty years, and I know that she boys and girls to school, giving them a well-balanced is very able, but she has been before the Committee and education, or at least desirous that they shall receive a said she believed in the kind of changes that had been well- balanced education. They know that the records made as a part of the educational system. show that twenty- five years ago about six to seven per Let me say just a word about the introduction of the cent of the children left elementary schools, and did junior high school. The recommendation of the Educa- not get into the senior high schools ; that today about tional System was adopted, designating certain schools sixty- seven per cent of the workmen's children go to to be converted into junior high schools, and that that the high schools and get a high school education. would be done in September, then the administration As they think of protecting their fortunes for future gave out information that there would be five junior generations , they think how difficult it is going to be to high schools ready in September, five unnamed schools. handle American labor, because it is intelligent; that if What did that mean ? It meant that when the schools they don't stop education, they are not going to be able adjourned for a long vacation, at the end of June, 1924, to fill the steel mills and the stock yards and the other not a teacher in the system below the tenth grade knew industries with cheap, unintelligent labor. That is why positively where she was to return to work in September. they want the platooning of schools. That is why they Not a man or woman having children in those grades want the junior high school. knew positively where his or her child would be allowed Be Sure to Register March 15. March 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 191 to attend school when they opened in September fol- into the position of voting against all of them, which I lowing. Mrs. Hefferan said that was true, but she did do not want to do, and I think it is unfair. This is a not think it a matter of great importance. I think it simply a proposition of voting on four trustees. It may is utterly inexcusable and indefensible, and would not be they will be confirmed by a majority vote. If you be tolerated in any other community I can think of. did not put this cloture rule on us for the purpose of Mrs. Hefferan said that she thought that she had been strangling us or forcing us to vote for somebody that derelict in not asking for reports of the experiments of we want to vote against, we would be provided an the platoon school. In July, 1924, the Board of Educa- opportunity for some of us to make a record as Council- tion passed another recommendation, in which it was men and as the representatives of our people. I think provided that the platoon plan be tried as an experiment it is unfair, and I vote no. in a few schools. No further order was ever made by ALD . RYAN: Mr. Chairman, and gentlemen of the the Board of Education, and yet the Superintendent's Council : I just want to explain my vote. This matter report of June, 1925, states that at that time more than has been in the Council for some time. I have weighed sixty schools were being operated under the Platoon and considered it from every angle. I have been at the plan. Now, if you are going to be so reckless as to per- point of waivering at times upon the way I would vote, mit a thing of that kind, as to permit such a gigantic, for the simple reason that personally I do not believe 3 far- reaching, revolutionary change to be brought about in condemning anybody. I thought that my vote might in the school system, then I say, regardless of ability, mean the condemnation of four persons of whom I whatever your motives are, a man of recklessness, lax- haven't the slightest knowledge, that is personally. After 1 ness, or whatever it may be, I will say that the person hearing these discussions I believe some things have been who will permit such revolutionary changes to be brought to light concerning these appointments, that brought about in the system is not fit for membership. have been given publicity and spread broadcast, to lead ALD . ARVEY : Does that apply- one to believe that there is something wrong in China. ALD . MILLS : Mr. Chairman, let me say to you on I wish I was as well able to represent the interests of the platoon plan, I find in the ward I represent a school the children of Chicago as my colleague, not only in 1 platooned, little children six years or so having seven the City Council, but in the Board of the American different teachers in the course of his day. He can get Federation of Labor, and the Chicago Federation of no help from teachers who have several hundred children Labor, and I speak of Oscar Nelson, who has attended 1 before them in the course of the day. How can they meeting after meeting. get any benefit under such a system ? It is a crime against little children. The children cannot speak for Ryan Votes with Labor themselves . I come from the ranks of labor, represented a labor I shall vote against the confirmation of the people who organization fifteen years and I say that no one can 1 have been responsible for this. point a finger at me for anything during that fifteen Mr. Schmidt came before the committee and said he years. When I vote I vote with my full conscience, and helped to organize the Public School League, that it my conscience guides me in my vote and nobody else, was organized to help put over the policies of Jacob politically or otherwise, and I am saying now that no Loeb, including the dismissal of 68 teachers without a one is trying to guide me politically. I too went through hearing, and I cannot vote for a man who takes that a political campaign like Alderman Moran, and I am position. going to register what may be called a so-called bad Mr. Vopicka was a member of the Board of Education vote, and I am going to vote against the Mayor's ap- years ago, and he voted for a reduction of teachers' pointees. salaries when they were possibly $850 a year. ALD . SEIF : Mr. Mayor, and gentlemen: If there I say to you where that is done, members of the City is any member of the City Council who questions these Council, I cannot vote to permit these appointments, School Trustees, I should. There is not a member of this and I feel that I would be doing a wrong to you if I City Council who has had as much trouble with the did not bring these facts to your attention. Board of Education as I have had in the last year. ALD . ANDERSON : Mr. President, I wanted to vote January 29, 1925, or 1926, there was an order passed for some of these trustees, and there are some I do not, by the Board of Education over night on the Lowell or rather, would not, but having been placed in the posi- School district, that caused turmoil in that district, that tion that I have either got to take them all or none, I is not settled yet. The Mayor himself well knows that 1 cannot vote the way I want to vote, so I vote no. last fall I filed a petition with him, which represented THE CLERK : Jackson. ninety per cent of the parents in that district. On ac- ALD . JACKSON : Mr. President, I am in the same count of this order they changed a double shift system position. I want to vote for some, and I am instructed into what is known as a double platoon system, which by several organizations to do so, but there are two was afterwards called by them the program system. In trustees that I can not vote for. Now, I do not think company with Alderman Nusser, we made several visits it is fair to those who desire to vote for those who to the Board of Education, with a committee of the ought to be worthy as against two that perhaps are not, Northwest Side Parents League. These ladies are women to be compelled to vote for them in a body. There who were mothers that represented our League, and to are perhaps two, or one, considered by the people I our amazement on September 29th we read in the Chi- represent in my ward, as not worthy of their vote. cago Daily News, "Rule threatens schools. It has got One of these trustees you have named is said by the so that every order of the Board is opposed by a noisy people of my ward, and the people of my race, 250,000 in group." This article was written by Harold C. Totten of Chicago, to have discrimination and prejudice in their the Chicago Daily News . In conversation with Mr. Tot- mind in operating the public school system, and I do ten I asked him where he got his information, and he not want to vote for that noimnee. But you force me told me he got it confidentially over at the School Board. Be Sure to Register March 15. 192 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 I further asked him if he had talked to Warren Phinney of the Chicago Daily News in reference to this situation, as Warren Phinney resided in that district and knew the condition and knew what the trouble was. He said DISCOUNT TO he had not. He did not care to give me the informa- tion who gave him the information at the Board of Education. I say that that is wrong. Three ladies who Chicago Teachers Federation are sitting here now are from that district, and on all purchases of Hosiery Gowns Chemises represent that league. They asked for information; Bloomers Vests Stepins they did not ask anything that was unfair, they were Gloves Garters Kerchiefs satisfied with the arrangement that was already there. But it seemed some one in the Board of Education issued SHOW YOUR FEDERATION CARD this order over night which caused this turmoil, and caused one child in a family to go to one school and PEERLESS LINGERIE SHOP one to another, and up to the present time it has not 1228 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. been settled. I am glad this investigation was made. I do not believe that they had a right, under the oath of office that they took, to make it, but I am glad it was made, 56 Years InThe Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR because I think this, that the members of the Board Buy from one who KNOWS values , of Education in the future will consult or talk things and will give you an honest deal over with parents, instead of taking the action that they F. RANKE FUR CO . did take in the last year. It was autocratic. Second floor Capitol Bldg. Now, here is my reason that I am going to vote to 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 confirm these appointments. I am reading from Section 128 of Chapter 122, Hurd's Revision of the Statutes of Phones Central 2551-2552 Res . Park Ridge 3994 Illinois, 1925. I am not a lawyer, but I can read between GEORGE W. JOHNSON the lines, and I can understand the English language. SHORTHAND REPORTER "The said Board of Education shall consist of eleven 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago members to be appointed by the Mayor, with the ap- SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND * * REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS proval of the City Council." Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation "No power vested in such Board of Education or in any of its officers , agents or employes, shall be exer- cised by the City Council of said City." TEACHERS You are cordially invited to refer your students to us for This investigation was a mistake in the first place. As beginning or review work in shorthand, typewriting, book. I understand it, we have only one right here under our keeping. They are assured private instruction by competent teachers . oath of office, is to know whether a man is honest, We can prepare you to instruct in shorthand, typewriting and bookkeeping. Our correspondence courses will help you whether he is capable, whether he is his reputation is prepare. SHORTHAND COACH SCHOOL such to qualify him to act on that Board. MYRTLE M. VOSS And in my investigation of the four members ap- 101-3-4-5 Auditorium Building 431 S. Wabash Ave, Phone Wabash 3732 ; Harrison 1995 pointed by the Mayor I cannot find any flaw in them. Probably Mrs. Hefferan has made mistakes. I have said, if that ability is going to be devoted to a policy made mistakes. We have all made mistakes. But, for or policies destructive of the interests of the children, the life of me, I cannot understand how a member of then I say that regardless of her ability, I cannot vote the City Council can call in three members of a Board to confirm. to be appointed as members of the Board of Education, Alderman McKinlay has brought out another matter any more than an attorney has a right to question a that was before the committee, the particular incident juror before he is put on a jury as to what his verdict D the alderman referred to, and also from the North Side, is going to be after he is put there. said they were insulted when they were exercising their I vote Aye, to confirm. * * constitutional right of petition for redress of grievances. Also Alderman Nelson has brought out another matter ALD . MILLS : I will be brief, gentlemen. that should cause you to vote against these nomina- I again say that I think no one questions the good tions, the tremendous pressure or influence that was faith of the Mayor in submitting these names. I do brought to bear to establish those platoon and junior think we have a legal obligation; the statute imposes high schools in Chicago. the right to approve them. I wish the full responsibility I vote No. were on the Mayor, and the Council did not have that obligation, but since it has it, we shall not shirk the ALD . NELSON: Mr. Chairman, and gentlemen of the responsibility. I regret exceedingly that partisanship, Committee: I am not going to attempt to add anything political partisanship and personalities have been injected to the anything of any great length to what I have into this discussion, and they have no place. already said except just briefly, as a result of some mem- I have known Mrs. Hefferan for fifteen years. A bers of the Council injecting here the political issue. dozen years ago I prepared for her a bill to be pre- Extracts were read from an editorial of the Daily sented at Springfield for an elective Board of Education. News. Some members of the City Council have alibied I have even served with her on committees. I have a by saying that Mrs. Hefferan made a mistake, has made very high regard for her ability, but as Alderman Nelson mistakes. We are judged by our records. When we Be Sure to Register March 15. March 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 193 make mistakes with reference to the future citizens of Chicago, now the school children of Chicago, it is hard for you to pass judgment upon those mistakes. I say the Mayor has made a mistake; he made a mis- French Line take when he didn't listen to the protests, based on the Now you cannot afford not to go to Europe record of Mrs. Hefferan. He made a mistake when Tourist III Cabin Round Trip Rate $ 177 he did not scrutinize this record of the Committee on 109 N. Dearborn St. Company's Office Schools and find-read these letters of Mr. Rayner, where he treated the Council with contempt, where he said he would go South every winter, is too busy to respond to the invitation by the Council; when he did THE COZY HAT SHOP not read the record that I said I would produce for Exclusive Styles for the Spring Season Alderman Arvey's benefit, of May 24, 1924, from Mc- Priced $7.50 to $ 12.50 Andrew, where he says : "I think you would be inter- ested to know that the whole matter has been covered in Special 20 Per Cent Discount to Teachers 1212 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. a series of meetings elucidating the junior high school methods which series begins at four o'clock, Monday, May 26th, at Lane Technical High School. If your com- mittee will send a representative to these meetings you IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST will get a much more complete exposition of the system We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and than you in one meeting could possibly secure." Permanent Waving Then Mrs. Hefferan's letter of the same date to Dorsey HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR Crowe, who was Chairman of the Committee: "I re- ESTABLISHED 1905 SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. gret exceedingly that a very important educational meet- Phones-Ardmore 5311-5312-Broadway at Wilson ing which I had promised to attend will prevent my attendance at a meeting of your committee tomorrow afternoon ." A MESSAGE TO YOU And the Mayor did not pay attention to the protests We carry a representative stock of staple and against the riding rough shod over all of the people's novelty silks and woolens for your selection at all desires who were interested in the school system, and times. permitted them without protest to institute the junior Your federation card entitles you to 10% discount. high and the platoon school. BON ΤΟΝ SILK COMPANY WHOLESALE & RETAIL And taking into consideration all of these things, when Suite 405, Capitol Bldg . 159 N. State St. we make mistakes we correct them just as soon as we can. We can be forgiven for those mistakes, we can make obvious mistakes . EUROPE There was time, up to the time of the finding of the Five countries ALL expense Council Committee, on the part of the Mayor to correct CHICAGO back to CHICAGO these mistakes. He could have withdrawn these names, $495.00 Mrs. Hefferan, Mr. Raymer and Dr. Otto L. Schmidt. Prices on all other European and Domestic Tours, compare favorably with this one. He has not done so. Phones Main 2358 SANGER TOURS 17 N. La Salle St. I have approached this subject honestly. I have let Franklin 3985 Established 1909 everybody know where I stood. I have not any per- sonal prejudice against any of these four nominees. I voted for one of them. None of them ever did me any Now Is the Time to Select Your 1 personal harm outside of the action of Mrs. Hefferan Fur Coat with reference to the junior high, that inconvenienced my family and affected the education of my little Many Beautiful Models to Choose From at daughter. STAEDTER'S And I did not approach it from a partisan, political 1302 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. 1 standpoint; but this is an important question and the mistake could have been rectified prior to two o'clock today. It has not been rectified. I am voting No. "Education Through Travel in Europe” We offer tours from $245 and upwards . Tours providing promotional THE CLERK: Hoellen. credits. French Tour of 36 days for $385 affords French instruction before departure at no additional cost. ALD . HOELLEN : Mr. Chairman, and gentlemen of Special Terms to Teachers on Deferred Payments : One-Half Cash and Balance Monthly. the Council: I happen to be a member of a political party that is known as the Republican Party. During Address: EARL B. HUBBELL COMPANY Tel . Dearborn 3567 Chicago, Illinois 19 South La Salle St. my term of office here I have at all times had the greatest respect for his Honor, the Mayor. I have sup- ported all of his policies that have been of a construc- tive nature, and I was proud to do it. I was very much criticized during the last campaign because of voting for some of the measures that were sponsored by Mayor BARNARD & MILLER 1 Law &Commercial Printers Dever and his administration. I met all of those argu- 172 N. LA SÅLLE STREET // CHICAGO ments in a way that would be a credit to this adminis- tration. I did not-I want to recall a statement that Telephone FRAnklin 0562 Be Sure to Register March 15. 194 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 appeared in the press about five months ago or four The question of "German" has been brought into this months ago, when his Honor submitted these names to discussion, and I want to say that I am a German, father the Council, and in this statement he was quoted this and mother German, both came from Germany, men on way, he says, "My duty ceases when I submit these both sides served in the German army, so that there is names to the City Council." When I read that state- not anybody that can question my being a good German. ment I got to thinking, if his duty ceases at that time, I have at all times had the highest regard for the Ger- somebody else's duty begins, and I , as a member of that man nationality, and for men to get up and state just because a man is a member of the German race he committee, the committee on schools, felt that I had a should be confirmed. It is wrong, because any man who duty to perform as a member of that committee, as a knows the history of the German people, knows the his- member of the City Council representing the people of tory of Germany, will tell you there is one thing that the Chicago. German people believe in, and that is to be on the square, I attended every one of those meetings , and I just to use your own judgment, and that is what I have at- want to call your attention to this fact, going back prior tempted to do, is to use my own judgment. I believe to the time when the nominees were submitted to the that the greatest thing that a man can do who represents the German citizens of Chicago is to vote in the way Council, at the time when the committee on schools in- that his judgment dictates. I don't want any member to vestigated the financial statement as it was presented to believe or to feel that I in voting against the appoint- our committee, and the City Council for the purpose- ment of Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, that I was in any way for what purpose ? To increase the tax rate of the trying to cause or cast any reflection upon the German City of Chicago when there was absolutely no need for people, because I am not. additional funds for the public schools. The statement * * was spread broadcast that unless the Board received this As an American citizen I want to say this, that it is additional money the schools would close during the unfair, it is unjust, for anybody to raise a question of months of November and December, and that I , as a nationality in a body such as we have here, when we Republican, voted against that tax rate increase. One are elected to come here and serve the people in an of the Aldermen who attended every one of these hear- honest, efficient manner. I have attempted to do that. ings insisted on an early vote for the appointees-this I have attended every one of the meetings of the Schools was his sole argument, “ What are you trying to do, Committee, and after paying strict attention to all that embarrass the administration ? You will embarrass the has been said during these hearings, my judgment told administration by withholding these appointments." He me to vote the way I did, and I vote I regret, and I was one of the members that voted for that tax rate think it is a serious mistake to vote upon the four ap- increase, and I want you gentlemen to know if that tax pointees at one time. rate had been increased at that time that this adminis- tration would have been very much embarrassed, to vote I want to vote for one appointee. I consider it an a tax rate increase when it was not necessary. But I honor to vote for that gentleman, because I believe he have at all times tried to uphold this administration, in was qualified to act and serve as a school trustee; but, my judgment. I am one of the men that signed the putting me in the position the way you have, calling majority report to confirm the appointment of one of the upon me to vote for the four, or either for or against, members and vote against three of them. facing that situation, I am forced to vote No. SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS NEW PLAN DGEWATER SYSTEM for grace, PARNELL TOURS Salary- Continuance Contracts for beauty and charm, reducing stout EUROPE- HAWAII-ALASKA women, upbuilding underweights. A Teachers . Full information by MARY L. FUNFAR New York Life Ins . Co. 39 S. La Salle St. Central 5505 E If you are interested in scientific health preserving methods Call Rogers Park 0275 1126 Grandville Ave. M Independent and Escorted Tel. State 6593 Suite 1202 105 W. Monroe St. After 6 P. M.: Rogers Park 1579 60 Days ORSETS UROPE Only $ 625 EE Europe the Mentor Tour Way GossardCorsets Come with me I have made Student Tour C twice. Can Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison E On Mentor Student Tour C LOUISE GASTON 5315 Ellis Avenue, Chicago Midway 0390 S.B. University of Chicago, 1922 S tell you how satisfactory it is, and how wonderful for the price, $625. Write me for information . MRS . B. FRANK BROWN 9555 W. Grand Ave. Chicago AMPS NOR SPACE RATES HE MAY HAT SHOP For these Snappy Little Ads Exclusive Pattern Hats CA Free Information and Catalogs of all in U. S. Summer Camps for Boys or Girls. Americans Schools Association 17 No. State St. Tel. Central 6648 Apply Now:- F Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Phone Central 3904 T Tel. Dearborn 5354 1515 Stevens Bldg., 17 N. State St. Chicago Miss M. I. Wallace UROPE Best for the PEALTH IS POWER JOURS. conducted tours through Europe. And gives a Positive Force to Mind and Select Standard and Student visiting 8 Money countries. Shorter trips may be arranged E C. O. SUNDSTROM , Teacher Lake View High School 3766 Ward St. H Body Ladies, Attend Our Free Lectures Each Thursday, 6 to 8.30 P. M. VIMEDIA, 1421 Capitol Bldg. T for. Price including ocean passage from $365 upward. For further information address Parkway, 1404. MRS . A. Chicago, BARON , 5154 South III. Phone: Drexel Randolph and State Sts. Be Sure to Register March 15. March 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 195 HAVE YOU REGISTERED ? Those who did not register in October or on February 1, may go to their polling places ENRICI'S is famous no less Tuesday, March 15, between 8 a. m. and 9 p. H for the enduring and deep m., and have their names placed upon the vot- ing list so that they may be enabled to vote at friendships it has won than the election April 5. for the quality of the foods it serves and for the great AMENDMENT PROPOSED volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- (Continued from page 180) Age 60-Seven hundred dollars ($700) . day, before the matinee, it is the great Age 61-Eight hundred dollars ($800). Age 62-Nine hundred dollars ($900). central meeting place. Age 63-Ten hundred dollars-$1000) . Age 64-Eleven hundred dollars ($ 1100). Age 65-Twelve hundred dollars ($ 1200) . Age 66-Twelve hundred seventy dollars ($1270) . Age 67-Thirteen hundred forty dollars ($1340) . Age 68-Fourteen hundred dollars ($1400). Age 69-Fourteen hundred fifty dollars (1450) . HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT Age 70-And thereafter Fifteen hundred dollars ($ 1500). And provided that at the age of 65 and at any year S of age thereafter, the board of education of such city 67 W. Randolph St. may require a physical or a mental examination of any such teacher, principal, district superintendent or assist- Between Dearborn and Clark Streets ant superintendent upon the request of the superintend- ent of schools of such city and if found incompetent, 1 shall be retired at the annuity above provided for that age of voluntary retirement. No orchestral din And provided, further, that all such teachers , principals , district superintendents, assistant superintendents shall be subject to the same conditions as to advisory service 1 as provided for in section 2 of said last mentioned Act to which this section is added. Nothing contained in this section or in said last mentioned Act to which this sec- RAY PARKER America's Largest Retailer of Style & Comfort Shoes tion is added shall in any way impair or prejudice any 162 N. State St. Second Floor right of a teacher, principal, district superintendent, or Between Lake & Randolph St. assistant superintendent so retired to annuity under other 4 Direct Elevators-Opposite Chicago Theater statutory provisions concerning any teachers' pension fund or teachers' pension and retirement fund established ALL in accordance with the provisions of any statute of this ONE State, and the payment to be made under this section PRICE or the Act to which it is added may be in addition to any NOVELT SARCHD such annuity. PAVE Section 2. The title of said Act is amended to read as COMBINATION LASP follows: 3 "An Act to provide for the compulsory and voluntary retirement of teachers, principals, district superintend- ents, and assistant superintendents, and the payment of retirement annuities." $5. All Styles-All Leathers -All Sizes -All Widths -Cus- tom Built- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN ...........m Combination Lasts - Nar- row Heels. MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten Originated by expert designers. Constructed in our 3 months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. own shops. At about 1½ the price you must pay at ground floor shoe stores. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 15Cents. FREE ! Introductory Offer LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. We will give you free, a pair of Quality Chiffon ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Silk Hose pure silk to top-new colors-with the order of every purchase of a pair of these famous shoes . MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American Bring this Ad with you. Bond andMortgageBldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Phone Central 3904 Be Sure to Register March 15. 196 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 15, 1927 Special Train to the Costume N. E. A. Convention Jewelry BRACELETS $ 3.00 AND UP at Seattle NECKLACES $ 3.00 AND UP EARRINGS $ 1.00 AND UP TRAVEL with Convention your Train Special friendsover on the the CARD PRIZES $ 1.00 AND UP world's longest electrified railroad-oper- ated by electric power for 660 miles, over four mountain ranges-magnificent scenery all the way. HARRY J. BABY Schedule of Convention Special Train COMPANY Lv. Chicago (station) 6:30p. m. Thursday, June 30th JEWELERS Lv. Milwaukee • 8:30 p. m. Thursday, June 30th Lv. St. Paul Room 703, Heyworth Building • • 7:15 a. m. Friday, July 1st 29 E. Madison St. Lv. Minneapolis • 7:55 a. m. Telephones : Randolph 0218-0219 Friday, July 1st Lv. Butte, Mont. 5:15 p. m. Platinum and Diamond Jewelry-Jewelry Remod. Saturday, July 2nd eled in Platinum -Stock Mountings in Platinum Ar. Spokane, Wash. 4:00 a. m. and White Gold Sunday, July 3rd Ar. Seattle, Wash. 3:00 p. m. Watches and Gold Jewelry-Stationery and En- Sunday, July 3rd graving Silverware—Watch and Jewelry Repairing The "Olympian" leaves Chicago, daily, r o p e 11:00 p. m., and the " Columbian," 10:30 a. m., arriving at Seattle 70 hours later. Special Low Side-Trip Fares to Yellow- stone Park via the new GALLATIN Eu CONDUCTED GATEWAY. You also have the oppor- TOURS tunity to visit Alaska and the many other places of scenic and historic interest in $34000 and up the Northwest. Write for full details. This is not the cheapest tour-but it is the richest in travel fun and education. At every turn-adventures galore ! The Hyde Park High School Spanish Tour was originated by us and was a huge success. This and other tours of Mail This Coupon Today ours speak for themselves! Bon Voyage to you as well . Write for details. Official agents for all steamship lines. E. G. Hayden, Gen'l Agt. Pass'r Dept. C. M. & St. P. Ry. 630 Marquette Bldg., Chicago The ATLANTIC TRAVEL CO. 140N.Dearborn ~ Chicago Please send me full information and State 3875-1821 booklets concerning trip tothePacific Northwest, Yellowstone and Alaska. Name THE 90 PU GE T SO UN D BOARDING CHICAGO Address. MILWAUKEE EL AND STRAPA EC SCHOOLS FREE Information : All schools IL UL TR IF IE D WA in U. S.; College Prep. , Finishing, Y Military, Jr. Colleges (Also Camps.) Catalogs, ratings, official advice. For 20 years teachers have directed parents to: Chicago AMERICAN SCHOOLS Ass'n. Milwaukee &St.Paul FREE BUREAU Rm. 1204. Stevens Bldg . Railway 17 N. State St. State Chartered TO PUGET SOUND - ELECTRIFIED Tel. Cen . 6648 3515 Be Sure to Register March 15. P 78 AP 4'2 VOL . NO . 11 MargaretHaley's BULLETIN 28 March 31 , 1927 Chicago, Ill. AND HOW ? MR. MCANDREW : ** * I have never known any school sys- tem to be as badly off for funds as we are. There isn't any doubt in my mind but that drastic econo- mies must be planned for the immediate future. * ** We regret having to cut anything any- where, but in the straightened condition of the * * * * funds we must make decided sacrifices . (Superintendent's Bulletin of August 13, 1926.) MR . SMIΕΤΑΝΚΑ : ** * My estimates have been substantiated to the extent that I might say that we may run to **** within two months of January 1, 1928. (To Council Committee on Schools, December 9, 1926.) MRS . HEFFERAN : "On April 8 the finance committee will ap- prove the schedule and on April 13 it will pass the board," Mrs. Hefferan announced. "This is the big- gest thing," she added, "that the present board is aiming at. " (Chicago Tribune, March 26, 1927. ) 198 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31 , 1927 To EUROPE ! The one great trip of your lifetime ! NEA When you take it get the most for your money ! Go with the best qualified director you can find. Mr. Dudley Crafts Watson field lecturer of the Chicago Art Institute, has consented to lead a group under the auspices of the Milwaukee Teachers' Association , at a very moderate rate. Mr. Watson is an ex- perienced director of travel , an authority on art, a genial , happy, thoughtful gentleman with a large acquaintance in Europe. This will give us the entree to many places not visited by the ordinary managers . Price, $1000 For particulars write : CLARA T. ΜANTHEY Room 150, Hotel Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis . and the Greatest Attraction of the Just What You Need T O N E West on One Low Cost Tour Here is a trip that will thrill you- charm you. A RCH - See Yellowstone ATES TED ST one of the world's ARedFossShoe CR great spectacles with its spouting gey- Trade O Mark sers, sputtering paint pots, plunging TH CINTIU SA- waterfalls, friendly wild animals, and wild flowers . FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE On to Seattle, with a ride of 200 miles and Makes the Day Seem Shorter. along the beautiful Columbia River, We Solicit your Interest in these Shoes through one of the world's most pic- WALTER J. OTTO turesque gorges . Visit Portland, Tacoma, Vancouver, 53 W. Madison St. Chicago Victoria. See Mt. Rainier, Puget Sound andcontinue on to Alaska ifyou choose. Then down the Coast to California - How would you like San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, beaches, missions, big trees. Your Felt or Straw Hats On your way east, stop at the newest and most colorful wonderland of the Reblocked West-Zion National Park, Bryce Can- into up- to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- yon, CedarBreaks,KaibabForest,Grand servative styles. Small or extremely large Canyon National Park. Comfortable, headsizes . We have them. We are manu- all-expense motor tours . facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- CAG O See beautiful Salt Lake City, ing Department has access to the best H ERN CHI theMormon Temple and Taber- NORT WEST nacle,Great SaltLake andOgden shapes . A trial will convince you of our efficient service . Canyon. Colorado, Rocky Mt. National Park, Denver, Pikes LIN E Peak-your nearest mountain Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. playground. TheC. & N.W.-U.P.reaches them e 12 North Michigan Ave. p 8th Floor Ward Bldg . ro UNION all, on one tour, or individually. OV ER IC PACIF We will gladly assist in plan- Eu L THE AN ning an itinerary to fit your D RO requirements as to time and UT expense. E Special -very low side trip fares toYellowstoneenroutetoN.Ε.Α. CONDUCTED Mail Coupon Today -- TOURS Address C. & N. W.-U. P. Line 6 So. La Salle St. , Chicago, Ill. or 148 So. Clark St. , Chicago, Ill. $34000 and up Phone Randolph 0141 Phone Dearborn 2323 Please send me complete information and booklets TEACHERS ! Yel- Come in at your earliest opportunity and get the concerning a trip to Pacific Northwest and Alaska lowstone California Zion and Grand Canyon National details regarding our plan that will enable you to see Europe this summer at a minimum cost. Parks Colorado See us before making any further arrangements. Official Agents for All Steamship Lines . Name_ Street The ATLANTIC TRAVEL CO. 140N.Dearborn ~ Chicago City- State State3875~1821 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN VOL . 4. No. 10 March 31 , 1927 Page 199 Curtail Activities or Cut Salaries Says Smietanka Acting President of Board Points to Shortage of School Funds = Pronouncements of Mr. Smietanka, acting president of Education have made, the Board of Education has of the Board of Education, belie the possibility of meet- before it a proposal from the Superintendent to adopt ing an increase in teachers' salaries . his schedule. Mr. Smietanka has made public utterances , not once Following are excerpts from stenographic reports of but many times, showing the shortage of funds in the meetings at which Mr. Smietanka spoke and expressed school treasury and the imperative need of more money his opinion regarding the condition of the school funds, to finance the schools through 1928. which excerpts were presented by Miss Haley at the In the face of these facts and is the light of the pub- salary hearing of the Finance Committee of the Board lic statements that he and financial officials of the Board of Education on Friday, March 25, 1927 : MR. SMIETANKA : Mr. President, I am way to get income, but such a program is en- - taking the privilege of presenting on behalf of tirely indefensible. the Committee of the Whole the budget which So, in short, let me say this, that by the be- was referred to it, prepared in substance by ginning of 1928 we must have more money, the administrative forces of the system. It otherwise we will have to shorten the school represents the joint labors of the Board, meet- year or cut out some of the board's activities . ing as a Committee of the Whole. I believe From Conference on Taxation June 10, 1926, at Union League Club. the members acted conscientiously and for the best interests of the Board, and it is surpris- MR. SMIETANKA : I was going to say that ing, with the responsibility that is lodged in there is legitimate anxiety about this situation. the Board and its various heads of depart- The statement has been made that we are ments , that they were able to hold down the going to operate our schools during 1927. Well, deficit to a sum equivalent to $2,521,000 in our figures don't justify any such assertion as round figures, and that deficit arises in the that. You will have to give thought, if this educational department. After serious con- program of equalizing tax values here doesn't sideration there was no avenue from which to go through, to an increased tax rate, because escape this deficit, unless we should endorse a we have gone all the way within legitimate decrease in the salaries of the school teachers bounds towards financing ourselves. But what by a horizontal decrease, as an equivalent to with this constant increase in the school popu- ten per cent, and such action at this time is lation annually, the building of additional unthinkable. So, I move, Mr. President, that schools, and the organization that goes into the budget as presented be adopted, or at least each school, it requires serious thought of giv- placed in the omnibus. ing this tax rate increase question very fair From Meeting of Board of Education , April 23, 1924. consideration . * * * From City Council Committee on Schools, December 2, 1926. * * * * * * * MR . SMIETANKA : Let me MR . SMIETANKA : I would like to discuss say that when this city administration came into office it was whispered into our ears by these things with you. I am seriously con- the auditor of the Board of Education that the cerned with my colleagues about the financial Board was in a serious plight, that the educa- situation. It isn't fair to expect us to carry on tional fund wasn't sufficient to meet the out- and tread on thin ice at the same time. * * lays , that we were borrowing on our antici- pated income until the limit was well nigh MR. SMIETANKA : We probably will carry reached, and unless additional provisions were on through November, 1927, and then we will made for income we would have to curtail the be without funds . activities of the board or cut future salaries . ALDERMAN MILLS : Now could you say The cutting of future salaries is the easiest (Continued on Page 214) 200 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 From the The Ma st he ad AN OPEN LETTER To the Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Board of Education: Το Mr. Charles T. Byrne, Chairman of Finance Committee, Board of at your meeting last Friday I presented to the Education: Finance Committee of the Board nearly two "Dog in the Manger," These are the words years ago, April 18, 1925,first when that commit- tee met and for the time considered reported in the newspapers of Saturday, March 26, and the stenographic record shows that salary report. The Superintendent was they are the words actually used by you, in not present at that committee meeting but he sent a letter to the Committee after that referring to my statement of facts and re- quest for information at the hearing before meeting disputing the accuracy of my infor- mation. The Committee adopted its resolution your Committee last Friday, March 25, on the Superintendent's proposed salary sched- that day without making the changes I ule report. showed were necessary to protect the salaries of those teachers from diminution and loss. At the opening of that meeting a motion was unanimously adopted by vive voce vote limit- An opinion from Mr. I. T. Greenacre, at- ing speakers to five minutes each. That was torney for the Chicago Teachers' Federation, the first meeting of the Finance Committee Mullenbac sustaining hmy contention, was shown to Mr. before the next meeting of the at which that report was considered since the date of appointment on the Board of Edu- committee on April 21. After reading the cation of the maker of that five minute mo- opinion Mr. Mullenbach made this statement : tion, the member who seconded it and you , I am not a member of this Committee, but Mr. Chairman, who put the motion. I must make a protest here. * * The accuracy of a statement which I made in regard to that salary report at that meet- We concur in matters without fully under- ing last Friday was then and there challenged standing them, and I never do it without hesi- by the Superintendent, and neither time nor tation. We passed this resolution without opportunity was given to determine the is anybody seeing it the other day. There was a sues involved in that controversy. These is- single copy in the hands of Mr. Henry in the sues are fraught with serious import to about office, and I find it contains matters I did not 3,000 teachers now in the system because the grasp when it was read or published here. question is again raised as to whether or not Under this resolution the Superintendent is their salaries shall be cut this year from $75 authorized by the Board to retard the salaries to $250 if that report is adopted ; and whether of individuals. I did not catch that in the or not automatic increases due for years to resolution, but it has come to my attention come under the present schedule shall be cut since, and there are two points about that. off and their salaries remain stationary during In the first place, the Board has no legal those years. authority to delegate to the Superintendent Your Committee adjourned last Friday the right to alter the compensation of any in- leaving that controversy unsettled. dividual in the system. That is a constitu- The facts in regard to the Superintendent's tional responsibility that rests upon the Board salary report which I tried in vain to present itself. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 201 March 31, 1927 In the second place, if we did delegate that the "proposed new salary schedule" which the right, I object to it seriously, because it puts Superintendent presented to the board on into the hands of one man the most terrible March 11, 1925. That committee took that weapon against any particular individual in action April 18, notwithstanding the fact that the system who might not please him. Cons- on that day I showed the committee that the cientiously, I cannot vote for the resolution adoption of the Superintendent's Schedule unless that is modified in some fashion-that would automatically operate to cut the salary must be taken out of it. of all teachers now teaching wherever the The Tribune on March 26, 1927, contained present salary of any teacher is higher than the statement (reproduced here on page 207) the salary of the corresponding year of the by one of the members of the Board of Edu- Superintendent's Schedule. I also showed the cation, who was present at that meeting last committee that the principals were protected Friday, that the Finance Committee will ap- in the Superintendent's Schedule. prove the Superintendent's report at its next While the committee passed this resolution meeting on April 8, and at the next regular without making any change in it, the commit- meeting of the Board of Education, on April tee did adjourn that day to hold another meet- 13, the Board will adopt that report : ing on the following Tuesday, April 21, as the No copy of the Salary Resolution which, ac- chairman said, "In view of the remarks of Miss cording to Mrs. Hefferan, is to be approved Haley, calling our attention specifically to by the finance committee of the Board on some of the items she questions." Further, the April 8 and adopted by the Board on April chairman of the committee did say that steno- 13 has seen the light of day to date. graphic notes of what had transpired at that meeting would be sent to the superintendent Neither the teachers nor the public know and if he in his judgment believed that there whether it is to be predicated on a tax rate in- should be some modification, and brought in a crease or what its provisions are for paying recommendation, that he thought the board salaries when and if the money to pay be- would be glad to co-operate with the Super- comes exhausted as Mr. Smietanka says it intendent. will at the end of the year under the present schedules . Teachers Hear Discussion Mr. Byrne, don't you think it a bit unfair to That meeting was held on Saturday after- characterize as “Dog in the Manger," the noon, April 18, at 3:30 o'clock, and the room efforts of the representative of the teachers was filled with teachers who heard the whole who will be hit the hardest when trying to discussion. Not only that, but I printed a find out what is to happen to those teachers complete stenographic report of that meeting before it happens ? in the Bulletin of May 1, 1925. That Bulletin In view of Mrs. Hefferan's statement and for was sent to the homes of more than 6,000 the information of the present Board members teachers. who were not on the Board in April, 1925, the Mr. Greenacre spent Sunday getting the Masthead report of October 17, 1925, is re- opinion ready and delivered it to me Monday produced here. It tells the story of three days and I sent a copy to Mr. Mullenbach that day. of gymnastic performances, made necessary We had 5,000 copies of the resolution and 5,000 two years ago in order to delay the adoption copies of Mr. Greenacre's opinion printed on Monday for distribution at a meeting of the of a salary resolution long enough to get out Federation which we then called to be held at of it a provision that would have permitted the Capitol Building after school on Tuesday, the Superintendent to retard individuals on April 21 . the salary schedule, and to put into that During the morning session of the adjourned resolution a provision protecting 3,000 teach- meeting of the Finance Committee ( on Tues- ers from having their salaries cut from $75 day) , the Secretary read two letters, one from to $250 in 1925, and from losing their auto- the Superintendent of Schools saying he had matic increases for three or four years there- read the transcript of the Saturday meeting after . Following are portions of that Mast- and that "there is nothing in the transcript head report : which requires any modification of the sched- Principals Protected ule," that teachers now teaching, are protected The Finance Committee of the Board of from diminution of salary in his schedule. Education, on Saturday, April 18, 1925, with- The other letter which the Secretary read out a dissenting vote, passed a resolution was from me transmitting an amendment pre- recommending to the board the adoption of pared by Mr. Greenacre to protect from 202 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 diminution the salaries of teachers now teach- tendent was at the conference held on Satur- ing. day, April 18. ( Mr. Mullenbach's remarks Mr. Greenacre's Opinion and the discussion following were printed in the Bulletin of May 1. ) The Committee took no action on either of As the Board of Education was to meet the the communications . When the Committee next day, Wednesday, April 22, and that reso- was about to adjourn at noon, I asked that it lution was to be presented to the Board as give consideration to the amendment which I adopted on Saturday, thus ending all oppor- had presented with my letter and I then pre- tunity for public discussion of the whole mat- sented Mr. Greenacre's opinion in support of ter, a committee from the Chicago Teachers' that amendment. I gave a copy to the chair- Federation, of which I was a member, went to man and secretary and every member of the . see Mayor Dever at 4 o'clock Tuesday after- Board present. noon at the same time that the meeting of the Mr. Greenacre's opinion stated specifically Teachers' Federation was in session at the that that resolution which the Committee had Capitol Building . adopted on Saturday did not protect from diminution the salaries of teachers now teach- Teachers See Mayor ing and that there was no provision protecting Our committee took to the Mayor the opinion them in the Superintendent's Schedule. of Mr. Greenacre ; a copy of the proceedings Mr. Greenacre's opinion points out : of the Board of Education of March 11, 1925, containing the Superintendent's thirteen-page ( a) That the resolution of April 18 pro- vides for the adoption of the " new Salary Report ; the resolution passed by the Finance Committee adopting the Superin- salary schedule" proposed by the tendent's Schedule ; the Superintendent's let- Superintendent on March 11, 1925. ter, and the amendment to the resolution (b) That the Superintendent's report of drafted by Mr. Greenacre to protect teachers March 11, 1925, contains a number now teaching, both of which had been pre- of schedules and also arguments and sented to the Finance Committee that morning suggestions . but not acted upon . (c) That, as to Class room teachers, the The Mayor examined the report of the Su- provision for protecting the present perintendent, Mr. Greenacre's opinion, and the teachers from diminution of salary resolution of the Finance Committee and told by the adoption of the new schedule our committee that Mr. Greenacre was right, was only a suggestion of the Super- that this provision was not a part of the Super- intendent, it was not a part of the intendent's schedule ; that if the Board passed salary schedule; that the language that resolution adopting the Superintendent's the Superintendent used in his report, schedule, the salaries of teachers, wherever the namely, "some such provision as the present salaries are higher than those of cor- following should be made a part of responding years in the Superintendent's the schedule," admits on its face that Schedule , would be cut. the provision that he sugested is not Our committee then proceeded at once to a part of the schedule. the Capitol Building where a meeting of the (d) That as to the principals' provisions Chicago Teachers' Federation was still in ses- in the Superintendent's report these sion, having waited for us until six o'clock. “provisions are made in, and as a part Our committee reported to them what the of the schedule, and not merely sug- Mayor had said. I reported what had occurred gested as things which should be at the meeting of the Finance Committee on made." Saturday and on that day. The next day, April 22, the Board of Edu- Mr. Mullenbach Speaks cation met. The Finance Committee reported Mr. Mullenbach, though not a member of its resolution to the Board without any change the committee, was present and when the Com- and action on it was deferred. That resolution mittee was about to adjourn, raised the points was never printed in proceedings. It is re- covered in Mr. Greenacre's opinion and com- ferred to by number on page 1046 of the pro- plained that the Superintendent did not at- ceedings of that date, Report No. 11448. The tend that meeting of the committee nor the Board then adopted the Budget but made no one held on Saturday, April 18. The steno- provision in the $400,000 item for New Salary graphic record of the April 21 meeting shows Schedule in the Budget to take care of the that Mr. Wight, who represented the Super- salaries of those teachers where present sal- intendent, told the Committee the Superin- aries are higher than the corresponding years March 31, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 203 in the proposed Schedule. The Board then by roll call vote, had denied my previous writ- recessed to meet on the following Monday, ten request of April 7, to be heard on that day, April 27. or on any other day that the Superintendent's Salary Schedule was to be considered by the At Recessed Meeting committee. At the recessed meeting of the Board on Those teachers knew that meeting of April April 27, a new resolution was presented and 18 was the first open meeting of the committee adopted. It was presented by the Chairman at which this Salary Schedule report of the of the Finance Committee, Mr. Smietanka, in Superintendent was discussed since it had been substitution for Report No. 11448. The new presented to the Board on March 11 . resolution is printed on page 1409 of the pro- Those teachers heard me show that silent ceedings and contains Mr. Greenacre's pro- committee on April 18 that there was no pro- vision for protecting from diminution, salaries vision in the Superintendent's schedule pro- of teachers now teaching with one important tecting from diminution the salaries of teach- omission which I shall discuss in a later report . ers now teaching ; they heard me show that the * * * salaries of hundreds of regular elementary The new Board of Education, appointed by teachers would be cut automatically if that the Mayor on April 27, was confined by the resolution were adopted, thereby causing a City Council on May 13. On May 22 the new total loss to those teachers of more than $300,- Board reconsidered the vote taken on April 27 000, and that other teachers in the elementary, by the old Board on the Salary resolution and junior high, and high schools would sustain sent the resolution back to the Finance Com- even larger losses . mittee . [ On October 28, 1925, that resolution Those teachers who stayed there all that was rescinded by the Board. ] Saturday afternoon knew that the Finance Committee adjourned on that day to meet The Teachers Knew again on the following Tuesday, April 21, as When our interview with Mayor Dever was a result of my showing the need of adding to reported at six o'clock on Tuesday, April 21, the committee's resolution a provision for pro- to that meeting in the Capitol Building, there tecting those teachers omitted in Superintend- were many teachers present who were also ent's Schedule. They knew that the Commit- present at the meeting of the Finance Com- tee had referred the matter to the Superin- mittee on Saturday afternoon, April 18, which tendent of Schools for report. was scheduled to begin at one o'clock. Those Those teachers, and the other teachers who teachers waited from one o'clock till 3:30 for stayed until eight o'clock at that Capitol the Finance Committee to come out of a closed Building meeting on April 21, were eager conference in the President's office. They saw listeners to the report that our committee pre- the Superintendent go into that conference, sented from the Mayor of Chicago ; and they they saw him come out and leave the building were eager readers of the printed copies of the when it was over. They knew he did not ap- resolution of the Finance Committee of the pear before the Finance Committee in the Board of Education and of Mr. Greenacre's open meeting, nor did any representative of opinion thereon. They took those 5,000 copies the Principal's Club appear, nor of the Schools to the teachers in the schools and distributed Committee, which had sent a telegram on them . April 7, asking the Board of Education to At the request of that meeting I printed in adopt the Superintendent's Salary Schedule. the Bulletin of May 1, all of these documents : Those teachers heard the Secretary of the the resolution of April 18. Mr. Greenacre's Board of Education read that resolution on Opinion, the Superintendent's Letter of April April 18, of which there was only one copy, 20, and my letter and accompanying protective and which the records show was drafted by provision ; the complete stenographic report Mr. Henry, Secretary of the Finance Commit- of the Finance Committee meeting of April 18, tee and that Griffenhagen Industrial Engineers and portions of the stenographic report of the had a hand in it. meeting of April 21. I also printed the resolu- tion adopted by the Board on April 27. The teachers heard the motion to adopt the resolution as soon as it was read ; they heard the Secretary read my written request for a hearing and the vote taken by the Committee allowing me to be heard. Those teachers knew that that committee, Morgen A. Haly 204 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 Teachers Vote Insurance Fund for Reassessment Appraisal Resolution Providing for $100,000 Appropriation Adopted by Board of Education Chicago Teachers, at a meeting of the Chi- which will be used, with that appropriated by cago Teachers' Federation, March 12, by the Board of Education, for an appraisal of unanimous vote, provided for an insurance lands for reassessment in 1927, a quadrennial fund of $100,000 to insure the payment of year. $100,000 provided for in a resolution presented The resolution introduced by Mr. English to the Board of Education March 9 by Trustee was unanimously adopted by the Board of English . Education at its meeting, March 23 . Mr. English's resolution provides for the Following is Mr. English's resolution and appropriation of $100,000 by the Cook County also the letter sent by the Chicago Teachers' Commissioners toward an equitable assess- Federation to Anton Cermak, President of the ment of Cook County property. The City Board of Commissioners of Cook County, noti- Council has made an appropriation of $25,000 fying him of the Federation's action : RESOLUTION RE APPROPRIATION OF $100,000 FOR AP- proper assessments and valuations of property in said PRAISAL OF LANDS FOR REASSESSMENT IN 1927, city. ADOPTED BY BOARD OF EDUCATION MARCH 23, 1927. WHEREAS, the Board of Cook County Commission- Therefore be it RESOLVED , by the Board of Educa- ers has included in its annual appropriation the follow- tion of the City of Chicago, that the sum of One Hun- ing item- dred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) is hereby appropriated and set apart for and shall be contributed to the Board "For necessary expenses in making the next general of Cook County Commissioners to be expended in addi- assessment to be made in the year 1927 for the qua- drennial period for which such general assessment is to tion to said $50,000 mentioned in the preamble hereto, for the same purpose for which said $50,000 is to be used, be made, in addition to the appropriation elsewhere pro- and on the same conditions, all as mentioned in the first vided for the Board of Assessors of the County of Cook, paragraph of said preamble. the further sum hereinafter set forth, for the develop- ment, installation and maintenance of a legally scientific RESOLVED FURTHER, That in the event of the system of securing information and analyzing, systematiz- failure of the Board of Cook County Commissioners to ing and preserving same for future reference, concern- expand said $50,000 or to provide for the expenditure ing valuations of lands and buildings and improvements of all or any part of said $100,000 contribution for said on lands, and data and methods of procedure connected purposes and on said conditions aforesaid, then all or therewith, and for the publication of land assessment such part of said $ 100,000 contribution as is not so pro- maps and building assessments as made by the Board of vided to be so used shall be retained by the Board of Assessors and Board of Review, and to that end to en- Education and may be expended by this Board, under able said Board of Assessors of Cook County to employ the direction of the Committee on Taxation in further expert and other services on such matters with the con- investigation of assessment methods and valuations in sent of the Board of Commissioners, but subject to the the City of Chicago, and in continuance of the efforts conditions that $50,000 of said $250,000 shall be so used made in 1926 to establish uniform and systematic meth- concerning valuations of lands, provided such further ods of real estate assessments . sums as may be necessary shall be contributed or donated to the Board of Cook County Commissioners for such pur- AND BE IT RESOLVED FURTHER, That the sum poses by public bodies or persons interested in equitable of Sixty- Seven Thousand Dollars ($67,000.00) of the assessments , or others; and that any arrangement for above appropriation of $ 100,000 shall be paid from the expert or other services for the expenditure of any part Educational Fund of the Board of Education, and of above $250,000 shall be approved by the Board of Cook Thirty - Three Thousand Dollars ($33.000.00) of the above County Commissioners , after reasonable notice thereof to $100,000.00 shall be paid from the Building Fund of the the State's Attorney of Cook County and to the Joint Board of Education. Commission on Real Estate Valuation, or the members thereof ..... $250,000.00." LETTER TO COUNTY BOARD Honorable Anton J. Cermak, President And WHEREAS, The City Council of the City of Chicago has included in its annual appropriation bill the Board of Commissioners of Cook County, following item- County Building, Chicago. Dear Mr. Cermak : - "For expense incident to checking assessed valuations Herewith is a copy of a resolution presented to the and presenting information relative thereto to Board of Board of Education on March 9, 1927, by Trustee John Assessors ond Board of Revitw (including unpaid bills) . $ 25,000.00." A. English, providing for the appropriation by the Board of Education of $100,000 to supplement the $50,000 ap- And WHEREAS , The City of Chicago and this Board propriated by the Board of Commissioners of Cook of Education thereof and the schools and students County on February 28, 1927, for the 1927 quadrennial thereof are interested in the revenues dependent upon (Continued on Page 215) March 31, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 205 Litsinger Favors Equitable Assessment He Tells County Board Addresses County Board on Urgency of Appraisal Mr. Litsinger, chairman of the Board of Review, told Board he is desirous of having assistance in obtaining a meeting of the County Board of Commissioners, Feb- an equitable assessment for the purpose of obtaining all ruary 21, 1927, that as a member and as chairman of that the revenue that is is possible to get. STENOGRAPHIC REPORT OF PORTION OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE FINANCE COMMITTEE OF THE COUNTY BOARD from anybody that is authorized by this Board, OF COMMISSIONERS, HELD IN ROOM 536, COUNTY BUILD- ING, CHICAGO , ON MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1927 , AT or any reputable outside parties, governmental 10:00 Α. Μ . or private, whichever it may be, any help that we Chairman Newby called the meeting to can get. As far as I am concerned, I would not order at 11:15 a. m . only accept it but be glad to encourage such help. There were present the following members And we would like- I would like as far as I am of the Finance Committee : concerned to get information and to get the in- formation accurately. I would be glad to have Jaranowski, Whealan, Carolan, Nettle- that information to guide us in determining as- horst, Boutell, Metzger, Busse, Gibson, sessments, and whatever is done in that respect, Schimdt, Kriz, Cermak, President, Newby, Chairman . and I say I do not know the detail, I shall be very glad to accept that help in any way it is given. There were also present : Mr. Litsinger, Chairman of the Board of I may say for the benefit of this committee, P Review, Mr. Ringer of the Board of Asses- from my experience, I suggest that we zone sors, Mr. Reese of the Tax Commission, Mr. real estate ; take the loop property as one Fairweather of the Tax Commission, Mr. Cut- zone ; take manufacturing as another ; take more of the Manufacturers' Appraisal Com- residential property as another ; and take pany, Miss Margaret Haley. apartment property as another-get an elas- Following is Mr. Litsinger's statement : tic zoning system and then try to keep values, land values uniform, and then take up build- MR. LITSINGER : ing values separately. The question relating to the quadrennial as- Referring to what is used in other sessment has been discussed and in connection cities, there is a card index system kept con- with it a commission appointed by the County taining the dimensions of the property, con- Board in reference to having some outside as- taining the sales and in addition to that, where sistance in the matter of fixing equitable values improvements are on properties, having a pho- and advising the Board of Assessors and the tograph of the improvements, and a precise Board of Review. record all the time, when the buildings were constructed and anything special about the Speaking for myself as a member of the character of the construction . Then that kind Board of Review and as Chairman, and I think in of a record, if it could be once gotten up, this two other members will concur, that we are even if started in only some section of the desirous of making the best kind of a legal as- city, would be an absolute safeguard against sessment, if possible, but I doubt whether that is misrepresentation that creeps in . possible, and if not then the best kind of an Aside from this help that is being offered by equitable assessment that can be made this year with a view of getting all the revenue that is this Board, and which I shall be glad to ac- possible and with a view of treating every prop- cept, ultimately there will have to be a further erty owner fairly and equally under the law; and step taken. We should get from the Torrens if it is equity, then give them all the equity they system the legal description, with the total are entitled to. assessment, the fixing of the full value on improved property. But there will have to be To that end we are willing-I am willing to another step taken beyond that, and that is obtain any assistance that is possible to obtain. I to keep an actual record as a part of the rec- know that nobody, of course, would expect the ords of the Board of Assessors and the Board members of the Board or the Board itself to of Review and have that record open to refer- transfer any of the functions of the Board or the ence, not only to the members of the Board, responsibilities, but to get assistance and advice but to the public itself ; in that way we would 206 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 prevent much fraud, much imposition and MR. LITSINGER : Yes. much unwitting misrepresentation. THE CHAIRMAN : An honest-to-goodness re- Our great difficulty in many cases is this : valuation? There may be an apartment building, say, of MR. LITSINGER : Yes, I am for it. I think three apartments that might cost $15,000.00. the matter has gotten to such an abuse that un- The owner or agent appears before the Board less something is done, and I say this in good of Review and states that the building con- faith, that unless something is done to try to tains two apartments and is only worth equalize values the whole assessing situation will $5,000.00. We may be misled and make an just become a farce. assessment on a basis of $5,000.00 . THE CHAIRMAN : That is what we want to Then along comes a neighbor who has the know. same kind of a three apartment building. Now he says, "You assessed me on the basis of a A Stunning Alibi three apartment building and Mr. Jones, next Liza was on the witness stand. to me, has a three apartment building, but you assessed him on the basis of a two apart- "Are you positive," inquired the prosecutor, ment building, and of course, there is a vast "that you know where your husband was on difference in the assessment and you never the night this crime was committed ? " scale upward but you scale downward ." "Ef Ah didn'," replied the witness firmly, That is one of the very bad and faulty "den Ah busted a good rollin' pin ovah an in- features of not having a photograph or some- nercent man's haid, dat's all ! " thing that you could look over or a complete detail of all the property, not only in the city NOT ON THIS JURY but all the property in Cook County for that "Dear me ! " exclaimed Mrs. Jenkins after matter. watching her husband for several moments By that I may be volunteering something pace nervously up and down the length of the room . "Whatever is the matter ?" that is a little beyond the purpose of this meeting here today. I was asked whether I "Matter ?" repeated Mr. Jenkins. "Woman ! favored the help of any organization. I say have you forgotten that tomorrow morning specifically that I do. I don't care where the I'm to face the grand jury ?" organization comes from or what it is, if it "Well, Henry," advised his wife, "whatever renders service in good faith that will help the happens you must be patient. You know, the Board of Review. Lord helps those that help themselves ! " "Yes, I know," admitted Henry, "but-the PRESIDENT CERMAK : Has the Board Lord isn't on this grand jury ! " of Review had this matter up ? MR. LITSINGER : Not officially. BIRDS OF A FEATHER MR CERMAK : Do you feel that the Board "Mamma, this paper says that cattle when of Review will agree with you, the majority with other cattle eat more and fatten better of the Board ? than when kept alone." "Yes, my child. I MR . LITSINGER : I have not talked to guess that is right." " Well, Mamma, we must any of the members since we adjourned. Some be like cattle." "Why, what do you mean, of them have been away. Some of them have child ?" "We always have more to eat and been busy and I have been away a little and eat more when we have company." a little busy. SECRETARY O'CONNOR : I would say so . SUBSCRIPTION to MR . LITSINGER : I tried to get some of the members all last week . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN THE CHAIRMAN : You are for a revaluation, Name .. Address . though, Mr. Litsinger ? (Street and Number) MR. LITSINGER : There must be a revalua- tion under the law, this year. City Subscription price $2.00 per year. THE CHAIRMAN : I mean- MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite MR. LITSINGER : A scientific revaluation . 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 COM . BUSSE : An equalized revaluation. N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. March 31 , 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 207 Federation Asks City Council to Appropriate $ 100,000 1 Toward an Equitable Assessment To the Honorable the City Council, sufficient without any part of the County Board's ap- City of Chicago. propriation to secure a scientific appraisal of the lands of the entire city independent of the Board of Assessors The Chicago Teachers' Federation respectfully requests and the County Board . the City Council to appropriate $ 100,000 for a scientific The Chicago Teachers' Federation reaffirms its pledge uniform and equitable appraisal of the lands of the entire of wholehearted cooperation with the City Council and City for the 1926 quadrennial re- assessment on the con- with other public bodies working to obtain needed public ditions contained in the resolution adopted by the Board revenue through scientific, equitable, and uniform assess- of Education, March 23, 1927, appropriating $100,000 for ment of property for taxation. The Federation earnestly this purpose. ( Copy of the resolution of the Board of urges prompt appropriation by the City Council of $ 100, - Education herewith.) 000, as herein requested, in time to make possible such T Such an appropriation by the City Council of $100,000, a re - assessment of lands in the entire city this year, and together with the $100,000 appropriated by the Board of urges it as a consistent next step for the City Council Education, will make it possible to obtain within four to take in following up ( 1 ), the Council's action on March months, at a total cost of $200,000, an appraisal of the 10, 1926, refusing to submit to the voters the proposition 1 entire lands of the City, for assessment purposes, of the to increase the tax rate for the Educational Fund; ( 2), kind that was made of the lands in the central business the Council's efforts in 1926 to secure a uniform and sys- district of the City in 1926 under the direction and at the tematic assessment of real estate; and (3 ) , The Council's expense of the Board of Education and the City Council. action on March 16, 1927, favoring an increased salary for teachers . The appraisal company which made that appraisal of 1 the lands and buildings in the central business district in Respectfully submitted, 1926 submitted to the Board of Cook County Commis- THE CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION . sioners , on March 8, 1927, an offer to complete within MARY M. ABBE, President. four months a similar appraisal of the lands of the entire city for $200,000. On February 28, 1927, the Board of Cook County Com- (Photographic Reproduction, See Masthead) missioners appropriated $250,000 toward an equitable, scientific and uniform appraisal of lands and buildings in CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE Chicago to be expended by the Board of Assessors for appraisal service in connection with the 1927 quadrennial MARCH 26, 1927. re- assessment of lands and buildings, on condition that the Board of Assessors and the County Board agree upon TEACHERS' RAISE a plan for such appraisal and re-assessment, and also "provided such further sums as may be necessary shall SURE, DECLARES be contributed or donated to the Board of Cook County Commissioners for such purpose by public bodies or per- MRS. HEFFERAN sons interested in equitable assessments ." The board of education will adopt. Supt. William McAndrew's salary Of this $250,000 of the County Board's appropriation schedule providing for a 10 to 30 per the sum of $50,000 is to be used by the Board of Asses- cent Increase for teachers and prin- sors toward an appraisal of the lands of the entire city. cipals on April 13, according to the unqualified statement of Mrs. W. S. In the event the Board of Assessors and County Board Hefferan, a school board trustee, yes- agree on a plan for the expenditure of this money the terday. ! $100,000 appropriated by the Board of Education for the " On April 8 the finance committee appraisal of lands will be available to supplement the $50,- will approve the schedule and on April 13 it will pass the board," Mrs., 000 of the County Board's appropriation for lands and only Hefferan announced. " This is the $50,000 of the $100,000 here requested to be appropriated biggest thing," she added, " that the by the City Council will be needed to provide the neces- present board is aiming at." sary $200,000 for the appraisal of the lands of the entire Mrs. Hefferan's prediction was made at the end of a meeting of the finance city for such quadrennial assessment. The remaining committee , at which various teach. $50,000 should in that event then be applied on the ap- ers' groups submitted criticisms or in- praisal of buildings, or as the Council should otherwise dorsements of the pay schedule. direct. Margaret Haley, business agent for But in the event the Board of Assessors and the the Chicago Teachers' federation, ar- gued at length the board's inability County Board do not come to an agreement on a plan to pay the increase. for an equitable assessment of lands then the $50,000 ap- Chairman Charles T. Byrne of the propriated by the County Board will under the terms finance committee charged Miss Ha- ley with being an obstructionist. of its appropriation, be available for the payment of an " If we followed your suggestions, appraisal of these lands independent of the Board of Miss Haley," he asserted, " we would Assessors. In this event the $100,000 appropriated by the be like a dog in a manger. No one Board of Education, together with the $100,000 here would ever get any raises. We'd never get anywhere ." requested to be appropriated by the City Council will be 208 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 Federation Reiterates Stand on Tax Rate Increase Miss Haley Presents Letter and Exhibits to Finance Committee Printed below is the letter, which with ex- presenting the last expression of the Chicago hibits, Miss Haley, at the direction of the Teachers' Federation and that inasmuch as Board of Managers Chicago Teachers' Federa- the proposal to increase salaries could come tion, presented at the meeting of the Finance up only at a regular meeting, and that the Committee of the Board of Education March next regular meeting of the Board would not 25, 1927. be until April 13, there would be ample time The Board of Managers met Tuesday night, for her to receive an up-to-date expression March 22 and directed Miss Haley to reiterate from the Federation which she would pro- the position taken by the Federation at its ceed to do , and acquaint the Board with her meeting April 6, 1925, which was a reaffirma- findings before its next meeting. tion of previous action opposing an increase Accordingly, the special meeting of the Fed- in the tax-rate . eration to discuss the salary question was Miss Haley told the committee that she was called for March 31 in the Studebaker theatre. LETTER TO BOARD OF EDUCATION 1925, referrel to above, together with the statement of March 25, 1927. February 5, 1925, attached thereto. To the Finance Committee of the The Board further directed the Business Representa- Board of Education tive to call the attention of the Committee to the ques- Mr. Charles T. Byrne, Chairman, tions contained in that communication of April 6, 1925, 650 S. Clark Street, Chicago . which respectfully asked that the Board make public Ladies and Gentlemen : certain information and to request the Finance Com- mittee to make public at this time the information as to The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' Fed- the years 1927, 1928 and 1929 therein requested on April eration at a special meeting held on Tuesday, March 22, 6, 1925, for the years 1925, 1926 and 1927. 1927, considered the report of the Superintendent No. The Business Representative was also directed to 16813, to be presented, and which was presented, to the Board of Education at its meeting on Wednesday, March present to your Committee official information in regard to the status of the Educational Fund of the Board of 23, and referred to the Finance Committee. This report recommends that the Board approve the Superintendent's Education as set forth in (1) the statement made to the Board of Education by the then Chairman of the Finance Report No. 11013, March 11, 1925, setting up certain salary schedules for the Department of Education." Committee on April 23, 1925; ( 2) the information in re- gard to the Educational Fund presented by the acting The Board of Managers directed the Business Repre- President of the Board of Education to the City Council sentative to re- present to the Finance Committee of the Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service at the Board of Education the record of the last official action meetings of that Committee held on December 2, 9 and of the Chicago Teachers' Federation in regard to Super- 10, 1926, and January 11, 1927; (3) the Bulletin of the intendent's report No. 11013 referred to above. Superintendent of Schools in regard to the condition of The last official action of the Chicago Teachers' Fed- Educational Fund dated August 13, 1926, and the Bulletin eration in regard to the Superintendent's " Report No. of the First Assistant Superintendent in regard to that 11013, March 11, 1925" was taken at a special meeting matter dated Sept. 9, 1926. This information is respect- of the Chicago Teachers' Federation held at Studebaker fully submitted. Theatre, April 6, 1925. The Business Representative was directed to report to At this meeting the Federation reaffirmed the position the Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' Fed- taken at a previous meeting of the Federation held on eration at its special meeting to be held on March 25, February 5, 1925, declaring the Federation opposed to any 1927, to hear this report. further increase in the tax rate. Copy of this statement Respectfully submitted, setting forth this position of the Federation is submitted (Signed) MARGARET A. HALEY, herewith. Business Representative, The Federation at the meeting of April 6, 1925, also Chicago Teachers' Federation. adopted unanimously a communication to the Board of Education. This communication was presented to the QUESTIONS NOT ANSWERED Board of Education at its meeting April 8 and was by Questions regarding the Superintendent's Salary the Board referred to the Committee on Finance ( page Schedule contained in a communication sent by the 966, Proceedings April 8, 1925, Report J- 11238) . the Chicago Teachers' Federation to the Board of Edu- The Federation's statement of Feb. 5, 1925, was at- cation April 6, 1925, were re- presented by Miss Haley tached to and made a part of the communication sent at the Finance Committee hearing March 25, 1927. to the Board on April 8, 1925. The Board of Managers A sphinx-like silence regarding the answers to the on March 22, 1927, directed the Business Representative questions has been maintained by the Board of Educa- to present to the recessed meeting of the Finance Com- tion and the Finance Committee and the information mittee of the Board of Education to be held on Friday, sought has not to date been made public, March 25, 1927, a copy of the communication of April 6, Following are the questions : it March 31, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 209 The Federation, therefore, respectfully asks THE CHAIRMAN : We are talking now of the salary al that the Board make public the following in- question, and we should confine ourselves today particu- formation : larly to the salary schedule, Miss Haley. That is a matter that is up today before the Committee. 1. If the proposed schedule is adopted by I do not not know about the other matter. That is a the Board of Education, what maximum matter that may not have any reference to the Finance Committee. salary is to be paid for the years 1927, 1928 , 1929 to each of the following groups of teach- MISS HALEY : I want to be particularly clear on this, Mr. Chairman . ers, and how many persons in each group are THE CHAIRMAN : There is no objection to your fil- eligible to and will be paid the maximum ? ing a brief on the other matter, or anything else outside a. Elementary Teachers ? of it. b. Junior High School Teachers ? MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman, the reason I want to be perfectly clear about this is, because I presented on a с. High School Teachers ? former occasion, I presented very fully matters on the d. Head Assistants ? salary schedule . e. Elementary Principals ? THE CHAIRMAN : Yes . f. Junior High School Principals ? MISS HALEY : In this report I pointed out there were certain omissions in that schedule which required board g. High School Principals ? action in order to incorporate certain provisions in the 2. How much additional money will be re- schedule . quired in the Educational Fund to pay the I will not go over that because I have that in printed form and will present it to your committee. proposed salary increase to the above named THE CHAIRMAN : Yes, please do so . groups of teachers this year ? MISS HALEY : What I want to say now, Mr. Chair- 3. How much additional money next year, man, is, and what I say today I say as directed by the 1928 ? Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, 4. How much additional money for 1929 ? I am presenting no personal opinion and no information other than what I am directed to present, and I am so 5. Where is the money to come from ? stating in the communication to this Committee. 6. How does the Board expect to increase The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Fed- the revenue in the Educational Fund ? eration met on the day that it was announced that this 7. Is it the intention of the Board to sub- report was to be presented to the Board. That was on Tuesday, March 22nd, and that Board of Managers di- mit to the people the proposition to raise the rected me to present the latest findings of the Federation tax levy ? in regard to that report, Report No. 11013 of March 11 , * * * 1925. EXCERPTS FROM STENOGRAPHIC REPORT OF The last action of the Chicago Teachers' Federation is MEETING OF FINANCE COMMITTEE , contained in a communication addressed to the Board of L MARCH 25, 1927 Education on April 6, 1925, and presented to the Board at its meeting on April 8, 1925. 1 THE CHAIRMAN : The next on the list is Miss Haley With that communication was a statement adopted by of the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. the Federation on February 5, 1925. Briefly, that state- MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman and members of the ment of the Federation is : " We are opposed to any fur- Board: ther increase in the tax rate." The communication of I cannot possibly present the matter I have here in five April 6, 1925, which was presented to the Board of Edu- minutes so I will not attempt to do that, but I shall pre- cation April 8th asked certain questions about the salary sent a copy of it to the Committee. schedule that are not answered by this report of the I am directed by the Board of Managers of the Chicago Superintendent, No. 11013. Teachers' Federation to present to your Committee the [ The questions are printed above. ] last official action of the Chicago Teachers' Federation in * * * regard to the Superintendent's report No. 11013 of March In addition to that, the Board of Managers directed me 11, 1925, which I understand is the report which is before the Committee. to present to the Committee today certain information in regard to the conditions of the educational fund which THE CHAIRMAN : That is the salary schedule as pre- was presented to the Board of Education on April 23, sented by the Superintendent. 1924, at the meeting of the Board held on that day, the MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman, that report is a great information being furnished by the then chairman of the deal more than the salary schedule. It is an entire report Finance Committee . of some ten pages, and it includes the salary schedule and [See Page 199.] certain provisions which it states should be included, but The rest of the material consists of the statements by are not included in the schedule and should be made a the acting president of the Board of Education made to part of it. It includes history and other matters that are the Committee on Schools of the City Council December extraneous to the schedule itself, so this is addressed to 2, 9, and 10, 1926, and January 11, 1927, in which the acting the question of that report . president of the Board of Education makes clear that the THE CHAIRMAN : Go ahead. condition of the educational fund is such that there was MISS HALEY : I presume that is what I am going to sufficient money to run the schools through December discuss. but not beyond that date. 210 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 I submit those for the record, Mr. Chairman. proportion to value, they lowered it, and whether that Now, Mr. Chairman, I wish to say that I will report to will happen in Chicago, I don't know. the Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- I have a graph showing the condition made known as tion that I have obeyed their directions and presented the result of the appraisal of the loop last year, that is this matter, and inasmuch as the Otis Law, under which the territory from the river on the north to 12th Street this Board is operating, Section 131 , provides that salaries on the south, the Lake on the east, and the river on the shall be fixed and changed only at regular meetings, and west, a little more than the loop. I have a graph at the as the next regular meeting is April 13th, that gives office, it is not quite completed, but it shows something ample time for the Board of Managers to take the neces- like this : sary action in order to find out what is the latest senti- (See graph printed in supplement) * * * ment and opinion and desire of the Chicago Teachers' Federation in regard to this. I shall recommend to our There are buildings that are assessed higher than the Board of Managers at the special meeting called for this Manufacturers Appraisal Company found to be the actual evening that the Board call a meeting of the Chicago value, actually valued by the Board of Assessors higher Teachers' Federation to be held some day next week to than the appraisal company fixed the value; some SO determine what is the latest sentiment, if there is any much below that you sink down into a valley several different sentiment from that expressed by the last offi- inches long on the graph, and others up again, then cial action of the Chicago Teachers' Federation which I others down. have here submitted. If there are such gross inequalities within the loop dis- I thank you. trict where the eyes of the owners can easily be focused THE CHAIRMAN: Any questions ? on these values , because all the assessments are shown on maps available for every business man, every owner of MR. SMIETANKA : Would you mind answering a property in the loop, there is no telling what happens to question, Miss Haley ? property outside of that district. MISS HALEY : Certainly not. THE CHAIRMAN : May I ask you a question, Miss MR. SMIETANKA: You know we have gone along Haley ? Do you think it is advisable at this time- and spent some money on a program to secure a better MR. SMIETANKA : She has not answered my ques- appraisement of property for taxing purposes, and there tion yet. She is just about to do it. She is just about to is an added program toward that same purpose. answer the question. Now, from your experience as a leader of the teachers THE CHAIRMAN: Well, go ahead. here in Chicago, keeping abreast, as I take it, as I have MR . SMIETANKA: That is true, you were about to heard you do, of tax matters, do you have any reasonable answer my question ? notion about what the probable increased assessments MISS HALEY: Well, I have told you I could only for tax purposes will be at the next quadrennial assess- answer the question by citing to you what has happened ment ? Have you an estimate ? Have you made up in in Jamestown, New York, and the other cities that have your mind what the probable results will be ? had an equitable, uniform and scientific appraisal ; tax MISS HALEY: Mr. Chairman, scattered through the rates have been cut and revenue increased. Mr. Chair- excerpts from the stenographic reports in the hearings man, on the supposition that the assessing board would before the City Council Committee on Schools are many do the work that way that should be the result in Chi- estimates on that question, some by Mr. Smietanka, some cago. If they do the work as in other quadrennial years by the chairman of the Tax Committee of the City Coun- I do not think anybody can tell anything about what you cil, Alderman Clark, and by other members of that com- will have on the assessment roll, either when or after it mittee, and they vary from $86,000,000, which was the is put on, because when they add one hundred million amount said to be added in 1925 over 1924, to $100,000,000, dollars , maybe fifty or sixty millions of that will be prop- and from that up to double that amount. erty that no taxes will be collected on. The Board of Of course, I have no way of telling or knowing whether Assessors puts values up and the Board of Review knocks the Board of Assessors or Board of Review will make any them down or the taxes cannot be collected or they do attempt this year to use the $50,000 appropriated by the not collect them for some reason or other. County Board on the 28th of February-or the $100,000 Of course, I don't know what the result will be, Mr. that the Board of Education appropriated at the last Chairman, but I do know that any salary increase that meeting of the Board- Wednesday, was it not, or the this Board of Education votes at this time must be $25,000 that the City Council appropriated; but if the predicated on tax rate increases or increase of assess- Board of Assessors or the Board of Review later on in ments or else it is predicated on cutting teachers' salaries, the year sees fit to do what the County Board has out- because you have no money at the present time, on the lined for its program, to secure the services of competent, admission of the financial officers of the Board of Educa- scientific appraisal companies or persons to make an as- tion, as shown in their record before the City Council. sessment, such as one hundred other cities have made, on THE CHAIRMAN : Then you think it is inadvisable an equitable, uniform and scientific basis, it will be utterly at this time to do anything with the increase in salary ? impossible for anybody to forecast what the results will MISS HALEY : I have not said anything about whether be in Chicago because we have never had any such I think it is advisable or inadvisable. assessment . THE CHAIRMAN : Judging from your remarks, that In all the other cities where such assessments have is your attitude. been made, the result has been that the total revenue MISS HALEY : I am simply presenting the facts con- for all purposes has been increased. In most of the cases cerning the educational fund which were presented by the tax rates have been lowered and property that had the responsible officers of this Board of Education to the been paying the highest, on the highest assessments , has City Council Committee on Schools which was making paid on a lower assessment, and those properties that the investigation ordered by the Council. have been paying on less, in proportion to their value of Now, I am not expressing any opinion, I don't know course I mean, were raised, but they did not raise the anything about what you would consider advisable or inadvisable. value of property which was assessed the highest in March 31, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 211 MR. SCHMID : Miss Haley, you represent the Teach- THE CHAIRMAN : I do not believe there will be ers' Federation ? any objection to that. The representatives all heard your MISS HALEY : I represent the last official utterance request, and I think they would be glad to comply with of the Chicago Teachers' Federation. it. MR. SCHMID : And they are against the salary MISS HALEY : I object to the request on behalf of raise? the organization I represent. MISS HALEY: Mr. Chairman, I object to having any In April, 1925, I presented, on behalf of the Chicago statement of that kind made at this time. I object to Teachers Federation, an ojection to the Superintendent's any responsibility put upon myself or the Chicago Teach- report and pointed out a deficiency in that report affect- ers' Federation. ing all teachers, high, elementary, assistants to princi- -t I have announced we will call a meeting of the Teach- pals, every group in that report except the principals- 6 ers' Federation next week. I shall so recommend to I pointed out to the Finance Committee of the Board of the Board of Managers, and if the Teachers Federation Education on the 18th of April, 1925, that the Superin- 1 has not changed its mind, as some organizations repre- tendent's report did not provide against the diminution sented here today seem to have changed theirs in that of the salaries of teachers, where the Superintendent's time that is the privilege of both men and women- schedule was lower in any year than the salary they I have told you their position the last time they spoke, were then getting ; that there was no provision for keep- that is two years ago . ing those teachers' salaries from being cut; that the en- Now, if they have changed their minds, we will let forcement of that schedule would operate to cut the you know, and if they have not changed their minds salaries of three or four thousand teachers . we will let you know, too. THE CHAIRMAN : Just a minute, Miss Haley. The Mr. Chairman, I do not take any responsibility for Superintendent's suggestion is, if there is any sugges- the people I represent on matters of this kind except as tion or any amendment or changes suggested in the those people express themselves in their official action schedule, he asks the cooperation of the different groups of record and that record has been made known to this to try to eliminate that. committee. MISS HALEY : He asks that they cooperate with MRS . HEFFERAN : Mr. Chairman, it is just her his committee. . I want to state for the record and for personal opinion as to whether she approves or disap- your information that I knew that provision was not proves of the salary schedule. in the Superintendent's report and SO stated to your MISS HALEY : I am not giving you any personal committee on April 18, 1925. The Superintendent on opinion. I am giving you the opinion of the Chicago April 20, 1925 sent a communciation which is on record Teachers Federation when last expressed, Mr. Chair- in this committee, stating that my objection was not man, and I see your Board of Education cannot meet well - founded, that my point was not well taken. I pre- until the 13th of April in regular session, and the Board sented to this committee on April 21 , 1925, an opinion cannot pass a salary schedule except at a regular meet- from the attorney for the Federation, Mr. Greenacre ing, and you have until then to consider this matter, pointing out that provision was not in that report. I now and the earliest possible date to call a meeting of the submit that opinion of April 21 , 1925, to the Secretary Federation will be next week. I shall heartily recom- of the Board of Education, also the Superintendent's mend to our Board of Managers that we call such a communication of April 20, 1925. meeting. What is the use of referring any group to the Super- * * * intendent who has insisted that his report is perfect MR. McANDREW : Mr. Chairman, yourself and a in that respect, when it was the opinion of the attorney number of members here have said they have engage- for the Federation it is not ? ments at four o'clock and wanted to adjourn, but be- This committee revised its resolution three times, not fore you go away, I would like to ask through you that at the request of the Superintendent, who said it did the representatives of the various groups who are here not need revision, but at the request of the Chicago get from their associations as soon as possible these Teachers Federation. The Board adopted the third draft. facts: I object, Mr. Chairman, to being turned over, or having What it would cost, for one, two and three years to our organization turned over to meet with a committee, make the changes that you propose in the schedule of the chairman of which, the Superintendent of Schools , February, 1925 . has already taken issue not only with the interpretation The trouble is there are so many points to be dis- put by our organization on his report, but by the at- cussed that the five minutes to discuss, which you al- torney for the Chicago Teachers Federation, whose opin- lowed, is not enough for these groups, so let them be ion is there and whose opinion this committee and the ready on call, and as many of our regular salary com- Board adopted. mittee as you can get together, have them come over That is why I wanted you to say Mr. Chairman what with their points and be questioned so that this commit- you have before you, whether you have that resolution tee can be supplied with the pertinent facts affecting adopted by the Board on April 27, 1925 and later res- the schedule, what it is going to cost, and so on, be- cinded or the Superintedent's report of March 11, 1925. cause you recognize we have got to be limited by the According to Mr. McAndrew you have his report before amount of money that you have, and when the schedule you. That is the reason I talked to the report, because was presented we admitted that everybody ought to get you have his report and not that resolution before you. more money than is put down there in that schedule. These provisions of Mr. McAndrew were discussed If things were paid as they ought to be-but such a and we had several controversies, we had three meetings thing at that time was not possible. We can get this up of the Finance Committee which Mr. Smietanka will in detail, and get it in shape, together with all the sub- remember no doubt as he was chairman at the time; we ject matter, so as to reduce the detail labor that your brought these objections , and the Superintendent in- committee will have to do. sisted that our objections were not well taken, and we Will you ask the representatives if they will get those have had a controversy with regard to that, and you facts? can not avoid the necessity of determining that contro- 212 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 8-Day Southern Tour $ 75.00 Stop to Shop Special train to Lookout Mountain , Chickamaugua Park, Tampa, St. Peters- BEAUTY SHOPS burg, Clearwater , Homosassa and other Hoefer, 213 McJunkin Bldg . CAMPS Florida points American Schools Assn., 17 N. State St. Leaving Chicago April 23 CORSETS Rail and Pullman fare, dining car meals , Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street hotel accomodations , auto tours, launch Stella Hageman-1328 Stevens Building rides, entertainment—all included in flat DRESSES rate of $ 75.00 . No Extras . Bains, 1224 Stevens Bldg. Berths reserved in order of receipt. Train capacity limited Greene's, 230 S. Michigan Avenue to 100. Write or phone for reservation or details. Johnson & Harwood, 37 S. Wabash Avenue FLORISTS J. L. GODFREY, - 861 McCormick Building Phone Wabash 1845 Streiff and Dagobert-3211 W. Madison Street FURS John J. Moran, 58 E. Washington St. FLOWERS FOR ALL OCCASIONS F. Ranke-Room 309, Capitol Building Siegel and Barth-39 S. State Street Robert Staedter-17 N. State Street Streiff&Dagobert ✓✓ FLORISTS, HANDICRAFT MATERIALS Favor Ruhl Co., 425 S. Wabash Avenue Expert Designer of FloralArt Nevada 0217 3211 W. Madison St. HATS M. H. DAGOBERT, Mgr. Cozy Hat Shop, 1212 Stevens Bldg. May Hat Shop, 1515 Stevens Bldg. HATS SHAPED A MESSAGE TO YOU Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching-12 Ν. We carry a representative stock of staple and Michigan Avenue novelty silks and woolens for your selection at all HEALTH times. Vimedia, 1421 Capitol Bldg . Your federation card entitles you to 10% discount. INSURANCE ΒΟΝ ΤΟN SILK COMPANY WHOLESALE & RETAIL Mary L. Funfar-39 S. La Salle 159 N. State St. Suite 405, Capitol Bldg . JEWELRY Harry J. Bâby, 29 E. Madison St. LINGERIE versy with regard to that, and you cannot avoid the ne- Peerless, 1228 Stevens Building cessity of determining that controversy if you are going RADIOS to consider this report. If you are going to make any Arthur E. Anderson, 1757 Sunnyside Avenue recommendations to the Board on this report this com- REDUCING METHODS mittee should hear and decide those matters . Edgewater System, 1126 Granville Avenue THE CHAIRMAN : Miss Haley, please understand PERMANENT WAVE this, that this is not in the hands of the Superintendent. A. G. Heding, 15 E. Washington St. The schedule is in the hands of the Finance Committee . PRINTERS I want you to understand that. Barnard and Miller-172 N. La Salle Street Now, if we can give him any help, if the Finance RESTAURANTS Committee can give him any help, he should be given Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street it. The position you take, nobody would get any ad- SECRETARIAL TRAINING vancement at all. It would be like a dog in the manger, Garnett L. Stevens-21 E. Van Buren Street not doing anything. We want to do something for these Shorthand Coach School-431 S. Wabash Avenue people, if we can see our way to do it. SHOES MISS HALEY : Your own vouchering officers , your Ray Parker, 162 N. State St. Red Cross Shoes, 53 W. Madison Street secretary, and other officers, informed us at the time SHORTHAND REPORTER that the teachers' salaries would be diminished, they George Johnson, 1105 Ashland Block would be cut if you adopted the report in the form it SILKS now is. Bon Ton Silk Co. 405 Capitol Building MR. McANDREW : Mr. Chairman, just to set you TEA ROOM right on this, very briefly, I want to read an excerpt Julia King—122 N. Dearborn Street from your proceedings : THEATERS [ Here Mr. McAndrew read the provision prepared by Princess-"Ned McCobb's Daughter" TOURS Mr. Greenacre which on his advice and in spite of Mr. Atlantic Travel Co., 140 N. Dearborn Street McAndrew's opposition was inserted in the resolution Canadian Pacific, Stevens Bldg. adopted by the Board of Education on April 27, 1925. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, 630 Marquette Bldg. It is printed here on page 201 , also the Superintendent's Mrs. Frank Brown, 955 W. Grand Avenue letter and Greenacre Opinion. ] Mrs. A. Baron, 5154 S. Parkway French Line, 109 N. Dearborn MR . McANDREW : From the beginning, and every Louise Gaston, 5315 Ellis Avenue time it came before your Board and in the opinion Hubbell , 19 S. La Salle Street offered by your attorney and fixed in the form I read Lauders Tours, 112 W. Adams Street now, is the provision made that the salary schedule Marnell . 105 W. Monroe Street Northwestern and Union Pacific R. R's . would not result in the lowering of the salary of any Sanger Tours, 17 N. La Salle Street persons in the employ of the Board. March 31, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 213 MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask *** Mr. McAndrew THE CHAIRMAN : Just a moment. JOHN J. MORAN, INC. FASHIONABLE FURS MISS HALEY: May I ask, what are you reading Furs and Chokers for Spring. Call State 4177. from? Will call for storage. MR . McANDREW : I was reading from the proceed- STORAGE : REMODELING : REPAIRING 58 East Washington Street ings of the Board of Education, page 1410, April 27, 1925, which repeated, each successive report repeated, the pro- vision that there should be no lowering of the salaries. 2 MISS HALEY : I want to enter my objection, Mr. Chairman. MR . SCHMID : We are wasting considerable time French Line here. Now you cannot afford not to go to Europe MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman, this is a serious mat- Tourist III Cabin Round Trip Rate $ 177 ter. That resolution that the Superintendent read from Company's Office 109 N. Dearborn St. is the resolution you rescinded on the 28th of October, 1925. That resolution is not before this committee. The Board of Education adopted that resolution on the 27th TEACHERS of April, 1925, and that is what he was reading from, You are cordially invited to refer your students to us for beginning or review work in shorthand , typewriting, book- + and that was rescinded, and the thing that is before your keeping. They are assured private instruction by competent teachers. committee, Mr. Chairman, is not what the Superintendent We can prepare you to instruct in shorthand, typewriting read from . and bookkeeping. Our correspondence courses will help you prepare. THE CHAIRMAN: Miss Haley, that was his posi- SHORTHAND COACH SCHOOL MYRTLE M. VOSS tion at that time, and I do not think it has been changed. 101-3-4-5 Auditorium Building 431 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Wabash 3732; Harrison 1995 I do not think your argument or objection is well taken on that. MISS HALEY : I want to enter, on behalf of the six IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST thousand elementary teachers I represent, I want to enter We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and a protest against allowing before this committee today Permanent Waving the report that was rescinded, when all you have before HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR your committee is the Superintendent's report No. 11013. ESTABLISHED 1905 MR. SCHMID : We are taking up a lot of time, Mr. SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. Chairman . Phones-Ardmore 5311-5312-Broadway at Wilson THE CHAIRMAN : Whom do you represent ? MR. HARLEY : The assistant high school principals . t THE CHAIRMAN : Can you defer for a few min- THE COZY HAT SHOP utes? Exclusive Styles for the Spring Season MR . SCHMID : I was going to make a suggestion- Priced $7.50 to $ 12.50 we are taking up unnecessary time. Special 20 Per Cent Discount to Teachers THE CHAIRMAN : I know we are, but we cannot 1212 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. help these controversies. MR . HARLEY : I can finish in three minutes . 3 THE CHAIRMAN : Step up here, but be brief. EUROPE * * * Five countries ALL expense MR. McANDREW : Now, just a minute, Mr. Chair- CHICAGO back to CHICAGO man. I understood the statement to be made that in $495.00 Prices on all other European and Domestic Tours, compare favorably the original salary schedule there is no provision pre- with this one. venting reduction of salaries . Phones Main 2358 SANGER TOURS 17 N. La Salle St. Franklin 3985 Established 1909 I would like to have the secretary put in the minutes Paragraph 4 of Section 2 of the original report on salary schedules as it came from the Superintendent. "No salaries reduced”—there are two paragraphs which make "Education Through Travel in Europe” the provision which has been under discussion here. We offer tours from $245 and upwards. Tours providing promotional credits. French Tour of 36 days for $385 affords French instruction before departure at no additional cost. THE CHAIRMAN : No objection, that will be entered in the record . Special Terms to Teachers on Deferred Payments : One- Half Cash and Balance Monthly. MISS HALEY : Then, Mr. Chairman, I wish to pre- Address: EARL B. HUBBELL COMPANY sent for the record the opinion of our attorney, Mr. Tel . Dearborn 3567 Chicago, Illinois 19 South La Salle St. Greenacre, to the effect that in his opinion that is not part of the schedule and could not be in operation unless the Board made it part of the schedule by resolution; also the resolution they adopted, making it part of the tion of the Superintendent, that the various groups get schedule, which was later rescinded. in touch with his committee for the purpose of adjusting THE CHAIRMAN: Any other teaching group to be the various differences which they have, and have them heard? ready for the committee to take up on April 13th, for MR . RAYMER : Mr. Chairman, I would like to offer some action or other on the proposed salary schedule a motion at this time, that we adopt the recommenda- or question. 214 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 CURTAIL ACTIVITIES MR. SMIETANKA : Read them, go right ahead . ( Continued from Page 199 ) MR. BRACKETT : “1923 : revenue, $34,118,- that there is justification for submitting a tax 729.63 ; expenditure, $35,841,260.69 ; excess of rate increase before the quadrennial assess- ment is made ? expenditure, $1,722, 531.06. MR . SMIETANKA : Yes . "1924 : revenue, $ 36,167,465 ; expenditure, ALDERMAN NELSON : You have at least $37,999,983 ; excess of expenditure, $ 1,832,518. reached this agreement that there is no danger "1925 : revenue, $36,097,461 ; expenditure, of shortage until November. $39,117,415 ; excess of expenditure, $3,019,953. MR. SMIETANKA : I think we can carry it "1926 : $37,919,790 ; appropriation * , $ 41,- through November, yes. 160,629 ; excess of expenditure, $3,240,839. * * * "A total of revenue, $144,303,446.; expendi- MR . SMIETANKA : In no instance have I ture, $154,119,288 ; excess of expenditure, been inconsistent anywhere in my statement, $9,815,841. and if anybody has been mistaken I resent " The Board is now facing the problem of being put in the position of the proverbial financing expenditures for the year 1927 under goat. I never made any statements to any- conditions similar to those of a year ago. body that did not represent the facts. When I "Two estimates have been submitted up to went before the Union League Club and was the present time of the probable conditions of asked to give my views on the state of the the educational fund on December 31, 1927, finances I said what in my judgment was the viz- truth, that we might, in all probability, due to "1st-Upon the basis of 1926—$ 1,550,000.00 the savings that we had effected , be able to run Deficit. until January, 1928. My guess was as good as "2nd-If the assessed valuation is increased any one else's, because my estimates have been $100,000,000.00–$1,650,000.00 free surplus. substantiated to the extent that I might say " If all of the tax collectible in 1927 is not that we may run to within two months of paid during 1927 the above deficit will be in- January 1, 1928 . From City Council Committee on Schools, December 9, 1926. creased and the surplus decreased by the * * * amount unpaid. "Even if the assessed valuation is increased * * * * MR. BRACKETT : ( Reading ) by the above amount the free surplus would "During the existence of the present teach- not be sufficient to cover expenditures for the ers' salary schedule expenditures have been first two months of 1928." consistently in excess of revenue each year as From City Council Committee on Schools, December 10, 1926. shown by the following figures." There is a *NOTE : Appropriation in 1926, $41,150,000, actual expenditures, table of figures here. Shall I read them ? $40,600,000. Mr. Brackett so stated on January 11, 1927. SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS NEW PLAN PARNELL TOURS Salary- Continuance Contracts for AMPS EUROPE-HAWAII-ALASKA A Teachers . Full information by MARY L. 39 S. La Salle St. FUNFAR New York Life Ins. Co. Central 5505 CA Free Information and Catalogs of all in U. S. Summer Camps for Boys or Girls. Apply Now:- Americans Schools Association 17 No. State St. Tel . Central 6648 M Independent and Escorted Tel. State 6593 Suite 1202 105 W. Monroe St. After 6 P. M.: Rogers Park 1579 ORSETS DGEWATER SYSTEM for grace, beauty and charm, reducing stout EE Europe the Mentor Tour Way Gossard Corsets I have made Student Tour C twice. Can women, upbuilding underweights. C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison E If you are interested in scientific health preserving methods Call Rogers Park 0275 1126 Grandville Ave. S tell you how satisfactory it is, and how wonderful for the price, $625. Write me for information. MRS. B. FRANK BROWN 955 W. Grand Ave. Chicago ORSETS, CORSELETTES, LINGERIE PEALTH IS POWER JOURS. conducted tours through Europe. And gives a Positive Force to Mind and Select Standard and Student visiting 8 STELLA HAGEMAN C 1328 Stevens Bldg. Phones Dearborn 4623-6254. 17 N. State St. Ask to see the " Kickernick," the bloomer that satisfies. H Body Ladies, Attend Our Free Lectures Each Thursday, 6 to 8.30 P. M. VIMEDIA, 1421 Capitol Bldg. Randolph and State Sts. T countries. Shorter trips may be arranged for. Price including ocean passage from $365 upward. address MRS. A. BARON . 5154 South Parkway, 1404. For further information Chicago, III. Phone: Drexel MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 215 March 31, 1927 TEACHERS VOTE INSURANCE FUND (Continued from Page 204) reassessment of lands by the Board of Assessors as pro- ENRICI'S is famous no less vided in the item covering that subject matter in the appropriation bill of the County Board adopted on that H for the enduring and deep date. Mr. English's resolution was referred to the Fi- nance Committee of the Board of Education . friendships it has won than The Chicago Teachers' Federation at its regular meet- ing last Saturday, March 12, by unanimous vote, pro- for the quality of the foods vided for an insurance fund of $ 100,000 to insure the pay- it serves and for the great ment of the $100,000 provided in Mr. English's resolution for the purpose set forth in that resolution, said $100,000 volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- insurance fund to be available for the purpose and on the conditions specified in the English report in the event day, before the matinee, it is the great that the $100,000 so proposed to be appropriated by the Board of Education is not made available from the funds central meeting place. of the Board of Education for any reason whatsoever. This information is submitted to you in response to it the question, as to what the Board of Education would do in this matter, which you asked me at the meeting on February 28 of the Finance Committee of the Baord of Cook County Commissioners . As directed by the Chicago Teachers' Federation this HENRICI'S WM . M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT 1 communication and the resolution herewith are sub- mitted for presentation to the County Board at its meet- ing today with the request that they be printed in the 67 W. Randolph St. priceedings of the Board. Respectfully submitted. (Signed) MARGARET A. HALEY, Between Dearborn and Clark Streets Business Representative of the Chicago Teachers' Federation. No orchestral din Poor Copy Small Dorothy was accustomed to hearing considerable shop talk at home, both her parents being in the advertising business. One RAY PARKER day she brought home a text from Sunday America's Largest Retailer of Style & Comfort Shoes school . 162 N. State St. Second Floor ‫ا‬ Between Lake & Randolph St. "What have you in your hand, dear ?" asked 4 Direct Elevators-Opposite Chicago Theater her mother . "Nothing much," answered Dorothy, with a ALL little shrug of her shoulders. "It's only an ONE PRICE ad about Heaven ." NOVELTY CARO COMBINATION LABE WAKEFUL FEATURE Mother : "Is daddy asleep ?" Bettey : "Yes, mother-all nose ."-London Humorist. except his $5. All Styles-All Leathers -All Sizes -All Widths - Cus- tom Built- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN .......... Combination Lasts Nar- row Heels. MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten Originated by expert designers. Constructed in our months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. own shops. At about 1½ the price you must pay at ground floor shoe stores. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies 15 Cents. FREE ! Introductory Offer LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. We will give you free, a pair of Quality Chiffon ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Silk Hose -pure silk to top-new colors-with the order of every purchase of a pair of these famous shoes . MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American Bring this Ad with you. Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Phone Central 3904 216 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 TEACHERS TEACHERS DISCOUNT OF 10% GREENE'S DISCOUNT OF 10% On All Apparel 230-234 So. Michigan Blvd., near Jackson On All Apparel BLACK AND WHITE OPENS THE SEASON Spring CoatsBlack Coats with White Exclusive , Ultra Smart and other Popular Shades Coats for Spring Perfectly Tailored S DO $25 $45 Regularly to $45 Regularly to $75 The materials are Kasha, Morova, Jorella, Kasha and Twills-many de- Kashmene and Twills and the values veloped in voguish Black and white and other color combinations. are truly astonishing . GRENLEY FROCKS- $25 3 Piece Compose - Silk and Crepella Fabrics TotemPolesandRaspberries SPECIAL Alaskas CONCESSION FOR TEACHERS To See the finest play and the most entertaining pro- duced in Chicago this season. "The top o' the world' to you," says NED M'COBB'S this land of startling contrasts . Where else could you take DAUGHTER a 1000 mile trip inland ? Or see ocean The N. Y. Theatre Guild's Greatest Success icebergs break from living glaciers in a By SIDNEY HOWARD land of tropical flowers and ripe PRINCESS THEATRE fruits ? Or totem- poled Indian villages and Eskimos ? "Shrewd, direct, well contrived and a roman- Or fur- trapping and gold mining ? tic excitement from first line of text to the There's so much to see that the sun puts on a 24 hour shift for summer visitors ! last ."-Fred Donaghey, Trib. And the Canadian Pacific puts on her luxu- rious Princess liners, sailing from 3 or 4 days each way. It's a trip of mystery and TEACHERS' COUPON beauty-unlike any other on earth-worth Vancouverto any necessary sacrifice. By all means in- Skagwayand clude Canadian Pacific's Alaska cruise in This Coupon presented at the box office en- your N. E. A. trip . return titles you to special twenty- five per cent reduc- Further information from $90 tion for teachers for any performance except THOS. J. WALL, General Agent, 71 E. Jackson Blvd., near Michigan, Upward, Saturday and Sunday nights. Straus Bldg ., Chicago, III. meals and berth included Prices, Mon.-Fri. Nights, Sat. Mat., $2.75, Telephone Wabash 1904 $2.20, $1.65, $1.10, 50c. Wed. Mat. , $2.20, $1.65, $1.10, 50c. Canadian Pacific See Banff and Lake Louise on the Way 27R AP 23' VOL . NO. Margaret Haley's 12 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . April 15, 1927 Easter The air is like a butterfly With frail blue wings. The happy earth looks at the sky And Sings. Joyce Kilmer 218 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 TEACHERS TEACHERS DISCOUNT OF 10% On All Apparel INMatthewsCo 35-37 East Madison Street Ground Floor, Heyworth Bldg. Corner Wabash and Madison On All Apparel 10% Spring Coats That Have Charm Twill and Satin Only the Finest Fabrics in COATS COATS $25 $45 Usually Sold at $35 and $40 The Values Are to $69.50 A collection of the newest styles offered for Spring. Many are fur Created especially for those who desire the utmost in style, quality trimmed-others plain. and value. TAILORED SPRINGTIME SUITS FROCKS Smart tweed suits, ex- cellent for school wear, priced at $ 1800 A variety of chic missy models, in a special group at $ 1500 Extra Money for Teachers Delicious Cooking For part time and vacation period employment of pleasant and dignified character in connection with Charming Surroundings educational and subscription campaign conducted Moderate Prices by the Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. CHICAGO CIVIC OPERA Luncheon $0.60 Next season promises to be the biggest and best Dinner 1.00 in the history of lyric drama in Chicago. Every- Sunday Dinner 1.25 one is interested. Why not increase your income by helping to accelerate that interest ? For details call or write JULIA KING'S STUART M. HAMILTON Tea Room Auditorium Theatre 58 East Congress Street CHICAGO 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET T O N E How would you like R A -C H Your Felt or Straw Hats ARedFos S sHO TEEDD SCTRAOTSE S Sho e Reblocked Trade Mark BO into up-to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- HE CINTIUS A- servative styles. Small or extremely large headsizes . We have them. We are manu- Combination Lasts facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- Sizes 4 to 10 AAAA to D ing Department has access to the best shapes. A trial will convince you of our FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE efficient service. Comfort Shoes in the Latest Spring Styles for Every Occasion Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. WALTER J. OTTO 12 North Michigan Ave. 53 E. Madison St. CHICAGO 8th Floor Ward Bldg . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 4. No. 12 April 15, 1927 Page 219 Classroom Teacher Progresses In N.E.A. Is Making Influence Felt in Department of Superintendents Progress being made by the classroom teacher in the National Educational Association is reported by Miss Frances E. Harden in an outline of the meeting of the Department of Superintendents of the N. E. A. held February 28 to March 4 in Dallas, Texas. Miss Harden was a delegate from the Chicago Division of the Illinois State Teachers ' Association and has written the following resume of the session in the South : By Frances E. Harden The Department of Superintendents of the After outlining in a broad way its policies, National Educational Association met Feb- a sub-committee was appointed to work out ruary 28 to March 4 at Dallas, Tex. the details and the committee adjourned to Altho it was a meeting of the Superinten- meet just prior to the Seattle meeting to re- dents, many representative classroom teachers ceive and act upon the report of the sub- were present. They came from every section committee. of the United States, from Massachusetts to As a member of the sub-committee I should California and from Minnesota to Florida . be very glad to receive any suggestion which When I went to the Superintendents' meet- would be helpful in this work. ing at Atlantic City in 1917, just 10 years There were many inspiring addresses and ago, I was the only classroom teacher there, interesting social events. The Texas-Illinois and so far as I know, the first to attend a dinner Monday evening was unusually fine, Superintendents' meeting. bringing together as it did, the North and My chief interest in the Dallas meeting South where we all joined in singing our state was the work of a committee of which I am songs . a member. To this committee has been given There is in Dallas a large high school for the task of formulating amendments to the colored children called the Booker T. Wash- by-laws to bring them into agreement with ington High School. One evening a chorus of the Federal Charter under which the N. E. A. 600 children from this school, led by a operates, and also of working out a plan for daughter of Booker T. Washington, enter- the reorganization of the Representative As- tained the visiting teachers with a number sembly. of negro songs. This committee held two long and interest- The Department of Classroom teachers ing meetings at which general plans were gave a luncheon and had several conferences . mapped out and certain basic principles The Dallas schools were closed two and a agreed upon . The committee was unanimous that there half days in order that the teachers might attend the meetings . should be no duplicate representation as is now permitted, by having both state and local delegates. THE SON THAT WENT TO SEA It was also agreed that some method should A farmer in Iowa sent the following letter be found to limit the number of delegates, as to the Navy Department : the Representative Assembly has increased "My youngest son has gone away and en- from 553 delegates in 1921 to 1126 in 1926, listed in the Navy. I can't get him out. Won't or more than doubled its membership in five you help me ? He is a good boy and I was years . raising him for my own use."-Our Navy. 220 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 From the Masthead by The Lookout ANOTHER OPEN LETTER To the Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Board of Education: Το Mr. Charles T. Byrne, Chairman of Finance Committee, Board of to the position that I took in presenting to Education : your committee the last official action of the As requested by you, I am printing in this Chicago Teachers' Federation in regard to the Bulletin your reply ofApril 4 to my open let- Superintendent's salary schedule, is not a ma- ter to you in regard to the salary hearing be- terial question because the position which I took before your committee was to present the fore your commitee on March 25, printed in the Bulletin of March 31. facts that I was directed by the Board of Managers of the Federation to present and to In your letter you quote from the steno- ask for the information I was directed to ask graphic report of the meeting of March 25, as your committee. printed in the March 31 Bulletin, the follow- The organization I represented asked for in- ing statement made by you : formation which to date has not been made "Miss Haley, please understand this, that public. The first question is, Where is the this is not in the hands of the Superintendent. Board to get the money to pay salary in- The schedule is in the hands of the Finance creases ? It is admitted that there is no money Committee. I want you to understand that. to pay salary increases, and the Board has not pointed out how or where it expects or intends "Now, if we can give him any help, if the to get the money. Nor has any resolution Finance Committee can give him any help, he been before your committee to date indicating should be given it. The position you take, no- in what way it is the intention to obtain the body could get any advancement at all. It money to pay increases in salary, or how the would be like a dog in the manger, not doing salary schedule is to be enforced . anything. We want to do something for these people, if we can see our way to do it." The position which the Chicago Teachers' I presented your communication to the Chi- Federation has taken is based on more than cago Teachers' Federation at its meeting on one experience in which the Board adopted April 9. It was the unanimous sentiment of salary schedules in the past without the avail- that meeting that no interpretation could be able revenue to pay those increases. That ex-- put on the expression, "Dog in the Manger," perience, as shown by the records, is that the used in connection with my position before salary raises without the money provided first your committee on March 25, that would not to pay them have been followed by salary cuts and these cuts have been in the salaries of the be discourteous both to the organization I rep- resented and to me as the representative of largest group, the elementary teachers at the the organization. maximum, of whom there are practically 5,000 in the system now. Whether you referred to the position which I took in declining to go into a salary confer- The table on the next page tells why the ence with the Superintendent and the repre- elementary teachers have learned to ask sentatives of the activities in the schools pres- "Where is the money?" before the increase is ent at that meeting, or whether you referred voted : li April 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 221 Maximum Salary Actually Paid 2,500 Elementary Teachers Year Primary Grammar Maximum Salary Adopted in 1898, $1,000 1897 $ 800 $ 825 Salary paid for many years prior to 1898. 1898 875 900 Raised $75-Year before Mayoralty election. 1899 875 900 Stationary-Mayoralty election year. 1900 800 825 CUT $75-Year after. 1901 875 900 Raised $75- Mayoralty election year. 1902 800 825 CUT $75- Year after. 1903 850 875 Raised $50- Mayoralty election year. 1904 850 875 Stationary. 1905 850 875 Stationary. 1906 850 875 Stationary. 1907 ( February) . 900 925 Raised $50-Two months BEFORE Mayoralty election. 1907 (June) . 850 875 CUT $50-Two months AFTER Mayoralty election. 1908 (January) . 875 900 Raised $25, back to 1898. 1908 (May) . 925 950 Adv. to 8th yr. of schedule. 1909 975 1000 Adv. to 9th yr. of schedule-$1,000 paid at last. 1910 1075 1100 Adv. to 10th yr. of schedule, the maximum in 1910. The experience shown in the above table was had not been drafted and this notwithstanding so often repeated that the teachers learned the fact that on March 26 the Chicago Tribune from these bitter experiences to insist on get- quoted a member of the Board of Education ting the money and putting it into the treas- as saying that the salary schedule would be ury and getting the salary increase voted adopted on April 13 and the papers are now afterward . quoting other members of the board as saying There was never an increase in the elemen- that it will be adopted on April 27. tary teachers' salaries voted when the money As the Finance Committe did not receive the was not there first that that increase was not Superintendent's revised salary report at its followed by a cut. postponed meeting of April 11 only one copy of that document of 200 typewriten pages was The experience of two years ago, set forth presented to the Board on April 13, referred fully in the open letter in Bulletin of March to the Finance Committee and ordered printed, 31, has convinced the teachers that it is abso- it was not available for reviewing in this Bul- lutely esential that they know what the pro- letin, and the teachers must rely upon the visions of any salary resolution are before that newspapers for information concerning this resolution is adopted. It is in the light of this report. experience that the teachers have asked, and are still asking, that the resolution which the It has never been necessary for the small newspapers are now reporting is to be adopted groups, as it has been for the large groups, to on April 27 be made public. concern themselves with the question of where the money is to come from. The amount re- After the meeting of your committe on quired to give a substantial raise to a small March 25, the Federation held a special meet- group of say, 300, can always be found ; but ing in the Studebaker Theater, on March 31, the money to pay even a relatively small in- and reaffirmed its position of two years ago in crease to the very large group of 8,000 ele- regard to the Superintendent's salary sched- mentary teachers becomes a problem to which ule. That action is set forth in this issue of these teachers must address themselves, and it the Bulletin. Two resolutions were adopted, is the fact of the size of the group that has one asking for publicity on the proposed Sal- determined, not only the amount of the raise, ary Schedule Resolution, the other one urging but the frequency with which raises are given. equitable assesment and no tax rate increase. This lesson has been well learned through a At that Studebaker Theater meeting the long period of years. The knowledge of these Federation adjourned to meet on April 4 to facts is the special possession, the special ex- hear the response to its request to the Presi- perience, of the large group. Until this fact dent of the Board for a copy of the resolution. is recognized the difference between the atti- At the adjourned meeting on the 4th of tude of the small groups and that of the large April a letter was received from the acting group in the school system will not be under- President of the Board of Education Mr. stood. It is a mistake not to recognize the dif- Smietanka, which is printed in this Bulletin erence between the necessities of the large informing the Federation that the resolution group in the matter of procedure where sal 222 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 ary raises are concerned and that of the It would be a more serious mistake for the smaller groups. teachers to permit their knowledge and expe- Of course all these experiences have not been rience to be ignored by newcomers into the shared by the younger teachers who have come system, whether teachers or Board members. into the system. Of course the teachers of For twenty-seven years it has been the work Chicago have not always known that the Board of the Chicago Teachers' Federation to record of Education could not pay raises whenever it those facts and enable the teachers and Boards wishes to. There is always in the Chicago sys- of Education to capitalize these experiences tem, as well as in other school systems, new and utilize them in the interest of the school entrants, younger teachers, who know nothing system. at all about the finances of the Board of Edu- cation, who still believe in Santa Claus, as far Until this peculiar function of the Chicago as salary increases are concerned. They Teachers' Federation is recognized and prop- haven't made the critical study of the Board's erly evaluated its officers and representatives finances and haven't followed those that others will continue to be misunderstood and their have made. The informed portion of the large motives misinterpreted, as was clearly the case group have made reasonable and commenda- at the hearing of the Finance Committee of ble efforts to bring the facts to the younger the Board of Education on March 25. and inexperienced portion of the teaching body. In the interest of harmony and good will, which can grow only out of understanding, It is absurd to expect Board members whose this open letter is respectfully submitted. activities have been in other fields immediately on becoming Board members to acquire the ex- periences that have taken these teachers twnty-five years to acquire. It is a mistake not to recognize and utilize this knowledge and experience of the teachers. Morgan A. Haly Do You Read The Bulletin? Do You Get The Bulletin? Can You Afford To Be Without It? Have You Paid For It? If WILL NOW YOU ? Margaret Haley's Bulletin 127 N. Dearborn St. Subscription Price, $2.00 Central 3904 Make Checks Payable to Margaret Haley's Bulletin 11 April 15 , 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 223 Charles T. Byrne Replies to "Dog -in-the- Manger " Charge B Answers Open Letter in Masthead of Last Issue In the Masthead of the last issue of the Committee March 25 and asked for informa- Bulletin appeared an open letter addressed to tion regarding the Superintendent's proposed ( Mr. Charles T. Byrne, chairman of the Finance salary schedule. Committee of the Board of Education . In a letter of April 4, 1927, Mr. Byrne has It criticised his reference to the position of replied to the Masthead article in the Bulletin the representative of the Chicago Teachers' of March 31, 1927, attempting to explain his Federation as "dog in the manger" when she position. appeared before a meeting of the Finance Following is Mr. Byrne's reply : April 4th, 1927. Superintendent of Schools, has already taken Miss Margaret A. Haley, issue not only with the interpretation put by our Business Representative, organization on his report, but by the attorney for the Chicago Teachers' Federation, whose Chicago Teachers' Federation, opinion is there and whose opinion this committee 127 North Dearborn Street, and the Board adopted. Chicago, Illinois. (See p. 211 of your Bulletin.) Dear Miss Haley: In reply to your objection, I made the following state- My attention has been called to your Bulletin of March ment: 31st, in which you printed (p. 200 ff.) an open letter ad- dressed to me as Chairman of the Finance Committee of Miss Haley, please understand this, that this is not in the hands of the Superintendent. The the Board of Education, the first paragraph of which schedule is in the hands of the Finance Commit- reads: tee. I want you to understand that. "Dog in the Manger." These are the words Now, if we can give him any help, if the Fi- reported in the newspapers of Saturday, March nance Committee can give him any help, he 26, and the stenographic record shows they are should be given it. The position you take, no- the words actually used by you, in referring to body would get any advancement at all. It would my statement of facts and request for informa- be like a dog in the manger, not doing anything. tion at the hearing before your Committee last We want to do something for these people, if Friday, March 25, on the Superintendent's pro- we can see our way to do it. posed salary schedule report. (See p. 212 of your Bulletin.) This statement is clearly a misrepresentation of my It must be obvious to any fair-minded person that my position as Chairman of the Committee and my attitude remarks were intended only to secure the harmonious toward you during the meeting of this Committee on cooperation of all of those who are interested in arrang- March 25th when the Superintendent's salary schedule ing for the satisfactory adjustment of the salaries of was discussed. I did not use the expression “Dog in the teachers . The superintendent's request seemed to me to Manger" in referring to your "statement of facts and be entirely reasonable and seemed to offer a fair solu- request for information" at this hearing. The steno- tion to the problem of settling the differences of opinion graphic report of that meeting as printed in the same among those who believe that the teachers are entitled issue of your Bulletin shows (p. 210 of your Bulletin) to a better compensation for their services than they now that at the close of your discussion of the salary schedule receive. I do not feel that I was discourteous to you, I asked you the simple question, "Do you think it inad- nor to anyone else who appeared before the Committee visable at this time to do anything with the increase in to discuss the schedule originally recommended by the salaries?" Superintendent. Furthermore, I have never been dis- The stenographic report of the discussion shows further courteous to any member of the teaching force during the time I have been a member of the Board. But I do that the Superintendent requested the cooperation of feel that the statement contained in your "open letter” representatives of the various groups desiring changes in as published in your Bulletin of March 31 places me in a the schedule as originally drafted, to which request you replied : " I object to the request on behalf of the organ- wrong light before the teachers of the Chicago schools, and I respectfully request that you give the same pub- ization I represent." In explaining your objection you licity to this letter that was given to your statement. said, inpart: I object, Mr. Chairman, to being turned over, Yours very truly, or having our organization turned over to meet (Signed) CHAS . T. BYRNE, with a committee, the chairman of which, the Chairman, Committee on Finance. 224 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 Finance Committee Fails to Act on Salary Schedule Matter Postponed at Committee Meeting At the meeting of the Finance Committee The Superintendent of Schools entered. To Monday, April 11 (postponed from the meet- the nearest teacher he said sotto voce, "Are ing scheduled for Friday, April 8) the Board you here in the interest of the salary sched- rooms at 640 S. Clark street teemed with those ule ?" to which she gave an affirmative answer. anxious to hear the last word on the far-famed "Tell the faithful," said he, "that the sal- salary schedule. ary schedule has been put over for two weeks." There were those there who believed that it Thus endeth for a fortnight consideration of the Superintendant's proposed salary in- is better to be right than to be Superintendent crease which had been the occasion of four of Schools. There were those who believed, right or wrong, my salary schedule still. meetings of the Chicago Teachers' Federation within the last two weeks . There were those who builded castles in the At a special meeting of the Federation air from the "increase on paper." There were March 31 in the Studebaker Theater, the reso- as many solutions to the shortage of funds with which to pay an increase in salaries as lution (printed on Page 226) requesting the Chairman of the Finance Committee and Act- there were persons there. The nervous ten- sion seemed to be transmitted through the ing President of the Board of Education to make public at once the Salary Schedule Reso- atmosphere. lution, notice of the proposed adoption of A teacher in the front row toyed with her which resolution by the Board of Education beads ; a teacher in the back row drew a paper on April 13 was given to the public by Mrs. full of kerleykews on his pad. A board mem- W. S. Hefferan March 26, was passed. ber tapped his foot incessantly and the secre- Below is printed the letter transmitting to tary droned on through the reports . Mr. Smietanka the resolution requesting Mr. Reams of verbiage regarding such prosaic Smietanka to make public the Salary Schedule things as repairs, supplies, etc., dragged resolution, and his reply and a similar letter through the meeting and then a figure, like sent to Mr. Charles T. Byrne, Chairman of the an animated portrait was framed in the door. Finance Committee : LETTER TO MR. SMIETANKA Committee of the Board of Education on April 8, be fur- nished to the Chicago Teachers' Federation in time to April 3, 1927. present at its meeting on Monday, April 4, at four o'clock. Mr. Julius F. Smietanka, Very truly yours, Acting President, Board of Education, (Signed) MARY M. ABBE, 650 South Clark Street, Chicago . President. My Dear Mr. Smietanka : MR . SMIETANKA'S REPLY As directed by the special meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Federation, held at the Studebaker Theater on April 4th, 1927. Thursday, March 31, I mailed you, on Friday a copy of Miss Mary M. Abbe, President, a resolution adopted at that meeting. Chicago Teachers' Federation, The resolution, marked copy enclosed, requested the 127 N. Dearborn St., Acting President and the Chairman of the Finance Com- Chicago, Ill. mittee of the Board of Education to make public the Dear Miss Abbe : Salary Schedule Resolution which will be before the I have just received your letter of April 3rd requesting Finance Committee on April 8. a copy of the salary schedule resolution to be presented The officers of the Federation were further directed at the meeting of the Finance Committee of the Board at the Studebaker Theater meeting to call a special meet- of Education on April 8th, and asking that this resolu- ing, to be held on Monday, April 4, for the purpose of tion be submitted to you before 4:00 o'clock today. Mr. presenting the information received in response to the Charles T. Byrne advises me that he is in receipt of a request of the Thursday meeting, in order that the teach- similar request from you, and you may consider this let- ers and the public may know whether the Salary Sched- ter as the joint reply of Mr. Byrne and myself. ule Resolution predicates the proposed salary increases As you know, the superintendent was instructed by the on a tax rate increase, or what provision said resolution Finance Committee at its last meeting to consider the ob- contains for the maintenance of the proposed salary in- jections to the original salary schedule and to report creases . back to the Committee on April 8th, with recommenda- I, therefore, respectfully request that a copy of the tions as to desirable modifications of the schedule as pre- Salary Schedule Resolution, to be before the Finance sented to the Board in February, 1925. When these April 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 225 Teachers Urge Equitable Assessment- No Tax Rate Increase Resolution Adopted by the Chicago Teachers' Federation at a pa Special Meeting in the Studebaker Theater, March 31, 1927 ! RESOLVED : That the Chicago Teachers' IT IS FURTHER RESOLVED : That the Federation re-affirm its position taken at its spe- Chicago Teachers' Federation renew and con- cial meeting held in the Studebaker Theatre on firm its pledge of February 18, 1927, to President February 5, 1925, and reiterated at the special Anton J. Cermak of the Board of Cook County 2 meeting held in the Studebaker Theatre on April Commissioners, to raise a guarantee fund to as- 6, 1925, that we are opposed to a tax rate increase sure the payment, for the purpose appropriated, for the Educational Fund and to salary increases of any appropriation made by the Board of Edu- predicated on a tax rate increase ; cation for such appraisal for the quadrennial assessment ; and IT IS FURTHER RESOLVED : That we IT IS FURTHER RESOLVED : That this heartily commend the efforts of the Board of meeting call upon the Board of Assessors and the Cook County Commissioners to secure a scien- Board of Review and urge these Boards to take tific, equitable, uniform appraisal of the property of Chicago for the information of the Board of prompt action to co-operate with the County Board and the Board of Education in putting into Assessors in making the 1927 quadrennial assess- effect the resolution for such an appraisal and ment of real estate in Chicago, and again pledge our continued co-operation and support to these the appropriation therefor made by the County efforts ; Board on February 28, 1927 ; and RESOLVED : That these Resolutions be sent IT IS FURTHER RESOLVED : That we to the Board of Education, to the President of express our appreciation of the action of the the Board of Education, to the Chairman of the Board of Education on March 23, 1927, in ap- Finance Committee of the Board, to the City propriating $100,000 to be used for payment of Council, to the Board of Cook County Commis- + sioners and President Anton J. Cermak, to the such an appraisal and we respectfully request of Assessors, and to the Board of Review. that the City Council take prompt action to ap- Board propriate a like amount for such an appraisal on MARY M. ABBE, the same conditions ; President. modifications come before the Committee they will be ence to financing an increase in salaries for teachers is considered in the light of the requests made by the va- that the money should be provided for by means of equi- rious groups presenting objections to the original sched- table assessments of property, if possible. The Board of ules, and if the changes suggested by the superintendent Education has made every reasonable effort to secure seem to be such as will remove the objections that have additional funds by this means. Besides co - operating been made, the Committee will then consider the question with the Committee of the City Council in its drive for an of the adoption of the salary schedule as modified, as well equalized assessment in 1926 and appropriating $25,000 as the date at which the schedule shall be put into effect. to help defray the expenses of this drive, the Board The recommendation of the superintendent providing for recently adopted the resolution appropriating $100,000.00 a new salary schedule, and the resolution making such to aid in the larger undertaking of securing an equitable schedule effective now before the Finance Committee are revaluation of property assessments in this the quad- subject to amendment and this resolution may be modi- rennial assessment. It is the hope of the Board that the fied or supplanted by the substitution of a resolution of results of this year's work may provide sufficient funds different form and wording when the question of the to finance the present activities supported by the educa- adoption of the resolution is acted upon. Up to this time tional fund and to provide for a reasonable adjustment such amendment or substitute resolution has not been of the rates of compensation for teaching service in the drafted, and I cannot say exactly what form it will schools . assume. Yours very truly, The attitude of the members of the Board with refer- (Signed) JULIUS F. SMIETANKA. 226 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 Teachers Ask Publicity on Proposed Salary Schedule Resolution Adopted by the Chicago Teachers' Federation at a Special Meeting in the Studebaker Theater, March 31, 1927 WHEREAS, the Chicago Daily Tribune of increases in teachers' salaries, unless either the March 26, 1927, referring to the salary schedule tax rate for the Educational Fund is increased presented to the Board of Education by the Su- THIS YEAR or the assessed valuation of prop- perintendent of Schools on March 11, 1925, erty for taxation is substantially increased THIS quotes Mrs. W. S. Hefferan, a member of the YEAR ; and Board of Education, as follows : WHEREAS, neither the teachers nor the pub- "On April 8th, the Finance Committee will approve the schedule and on April 13th, it lic know whether said proposed resolution to be will pass the Board ;" and adopted by the Board on April 13th, predicates the proposed salary increase on a tax rate in- WHEREAS, the acting President of the Board crease or what provision said resolution contains of Education on December 9, 1926, at the meet- for paying salaries, if, and when, the money to ing of the City Council Committee on Schools, pay said salaries becomes exhausted ; now there- Fire and Civil Service, made the following state- fore, be it ment in regard to the condition of the Educa- tional Fund : RESOLVED : That the Chicago Teachers' "We will probably carry on through No- Federation, in Special Meeting assembled, at the vember , 1927, and then we will be without Studebaker Theatre, on March 31 , 1927, request funds;" and the Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Board of Education, Mr. Charles T. Byrne, and WHEREAS, to date no copy of the Salary Resolution which, according to Mrs. Hefferan's the acting President of the Board of Education, Mr. Julius F. Smietanka, to make public at once published statement, is to be approved by the Fi- nance Committee of the Board on April 8th, and the Salary Schedule Resolution, notice of the proposed adoption of which resolution by the adopted by the Board on April 13th, has been Board of Education on April 13th was given to given to the public ; and the public by Mrs. W. S. Hefferan on March 26 ; and be it further WHEREAS, the Resolution passed by the Board of Education on April 27, 1925, adopting RESOLVED : That the Chairman and Sec- the Superintendent's proposed Salary Schedule retary of the Chicago Teachers' Federation be predicated the payment of that schedule on a directed to transmit these Resolutions to the tax rate increase to be submitted to a referendum Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Board of the voters of Chicago ; and of Education, and to the acting President of the WHEREAS, the teachers of Chicago know Board of Education, and that copies be sent to that the condition of the Educational Fund will the press. not permit the Board to continue the payment MARY M. ABBE, of the present salary schedules, much less to pay President. LETTER TO MR . BYRNE resolution was to be considered by the Finance Com- April 11 , 1927. mittee. To the Finance Committee At the meeting of the Federation held on Monday, of the Board of Education , April 4, a communication, under date of April 4, was Mr. Charles T. Byrne, Chairman. received from the Acting President of the Board of Edu- At the regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Fed- cation stating that on that date the Salary Schedule eration, held on Saturday, April 9, the Federation di- Resolution had not been drafted. rected its officers to renew the request made by the As, to date, this Salary Schedule Resolution has not special meeting of the Federation, held at the Studebaker been made public, the officers of the Federation, as di- Theatre on March 31, namely, that the Chairman of the rected, again respectfully request that this resolution be Finance Committee and the Acting President of the made public and that opportunity to know and study this Board of Education be requested to make public the resolution and to bring it before the Teachers' Federa- Salary Schedule Resolution before the date on which that ( Continued on Page 235, Column 2) An MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 227 April 15, 1927 * Councils Furnished Intelligent Contact at Between Teachers and Administration 927 Mr. Mullenbach Says in Address Broadcast by Radio The Superintendent's “hand picked conference" which broadcast February 24 from the Chicago Federation of eithe succeeded the former Teachers' Councils has had no Labor station, WCFL. inc part in the formulation of policies or criticism of pres- Following is Mr. Mullenbach's summary of the value nof ent methods or proposals for new departures, according of Teachers' Councils as they existed before the voice to Trustee Mullenbach whose address on Councils was of the classroom teacher was silenced: sed In THE SURVEY MAGAZINE for Febru- "I. Your committee finds that under existing con- ditions the Board of Education and the teaching body ary is an article by Joseph K. Hart, one of the are as widely separated for consultative and freely contributing editors and an educational tie cooperative purposes as if they had no educational authority of the first rank in this country. interests or duty in common. For the teachers are pra That article deals with the school situation inarticulate as a body, and the Board, compelled to in Chicago, and should be read and studied act without their direct advice and only upon reports by teachers, parents and citizens of this com- of official intermediaries, is forced into the position of governing by the mere might of its legal authority munity. and often in ignorance of matters regarding which The central theme of the article is the the teachers would be its best advisers .. This is mani- festly detrimental. It tends especially to lessen the change, for better or for worse, that has come effectiveness of the teachers in their school work, by over the Chicago schools in recent years destroying in them that spirit of cooperation, which through what Mr. Hart intimates is the is vital to a homogeneous school system. abandonment of adventurous experimenta- " II . Even if it were true that all goodness and tion to a development of a set system in the wisdom in affairs educational dwell with the school schools . authorities, the fact remains that in the end their decrees must be executed by the teachers. It is the Now the outstanding feature of the schools teachers, after all, and not boards, committees, or during this period of adventurous experi- superintendents, that must be depended upon to give 1 mentation was the existence of teachers' coun- vitality to public school education. Their cordial co- cils, both of elementary and of high school operation is therefore essential. teachers. "And inasmuch as teachers are neither soulless machines to be despotically manipulated by master Because of their importance historically hands, nor soldiers with no other function than un- and their significance prophetically, it has questioning obedience, nor mechanical producers of seemed worth while to review briefly this his- the inanimate commodities of the factory, but are the tory, and especially the principles that under- personal guardians and guides of the children they lie this type of teacher organization. teach, and come into more intimate relations with these wards of the public school than any one else in Teachers' Councils of voluntary organiza- the system, their hearty and intelligent cooperation in tion were known in the Chicago schools nearly promoting the educational policies of the Board is not thirty years ago. The first official notice oc- to be secured by methods of management which are or seem to them to be despotic. If they feel the curs in the proceedings of the Board June 1, weight of despotic hands, the less assertive among 1898, when the Board appropriated $100 to them will cringe in their official intercourse with the Central Council for printing expenses . superiors in authority and be despotic in turn in their But the Councils of that time, tho the fore- official intercourse with subordinates. Thus perpetu- tokens of the later organizations, were anemic ating itself, the despotic or decree-promulgating pol- and ineffective. icy must inevitably react upon the pupils, tending to turn some of them into little learning machines and It was not until 1907 that the Councils got others into little rebels, instead of making eager real attention from the Board. In the be- students of them all . ginning of that year, the School Management "In the opinion of your Committee the teaching Committee drew up a report. Miss Jane force must be sympathetically considered and trusted. If they are to do the best for the children, the teach- Addams was chairman of the committee ; the ers must be consulted about educational policies- report was written by Mr. Louis F. Post. not now and then and here and there as real or Because this report sets forth so definitely apparent favorites of superiors in authority, but as a and clearly the justification and service of body of educators organically recognized by the Board and its employes. Their cordial acquiescence teachers' councils, I make liberal quotations in the wisdom, justice and sincerity of the policies from it : they are called upon to promote must be secured, or 228 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 their work will fall short of the highest possibilities. "Dr. Hart was even more explicit when at the Na- In the nature of things this acquiescence cannot be tional Educational Association ( Proceedings of 1895, secured either by preventing discussion or by ignor- page 393 ) he said : “For the participation of teachers ing recommendations. To prevent discussion irri- in school organizations there are many positive tates; to ignore the results of discussion is dis- reasons. In the first place, the community needs their * * * heartening. The important thing is not that the expert advice. They are in a better posi- recommendations of the teachers shall be adopted by tion than their supervisors to discover at least the * * the Board regardless of their merits, but that they minor defects of school systems *. Not to shall be considered in good faith upon their merits. draw upon the results of their experience is to waste * a part of the nation's resources *. The "III . One of the most important steps, therefore, teachers need the stimulus of debate and of formulat- which in the opinion of your Committee the Board ** ing opinions which go on record *. The Super- ought to take, is the organization of the teachers into intendent will not be harmed by organized advice. an official consultative and advisory body. * * School boards need such direct relations "There is no implication here, nor have we learned with their teachers .' satisfactorily of any demand from any source, that the teaching body should govern the Superintendent "Dr. Dewey expresses himself on the subject as or the Board or in any manner dictate to either. follows: 'Until the public school system is organ- What is in principle proposed is : ( 1 ) That the re- ized in such a way that every teacher has some regu- sponsibility of legislative authority and final control lar and representative way in which he or she can should be reposed in the Board, ( 2) that the re- register judgment upon matters of educational im- sponsibility of administrative authority and advisory portance, with the assurance that this judgment will direction should be reposed in the Superintendent, somehow affect the school system, the assertion that and (3 ) that advisory authority and responsibility on the present system is not, from the internal stand- educational subjects and the relation of the teaching point, democratic seems to be justified. Either we body to the school system, should be vested in the come here upon some fixed and inherent limitation of teaching body. And the teaching body in its ad- the democratic principle, or else we find in this fact visory capacity, should it be thus organized, should an obvious discrepancy between the conduct of the have the fullest parliamentary freedom of expression. school and the conduct of social life-a discrepancy The common sense of the teachers, far better than so great as to demand immediate and persistent arbitrary rules or decrees from their superiors, would efforts at reform.' " ( Elementary School Teacher, soon indicate to them the proper limitations of sub- Dec., 1903.) ject-matter for their discussion." * * * Because of a change in the personnel of the Board, however, this report of the School " VI . Among the educators who have approved it are found the names of Charles W. Eliot, President Management Committee was never passed by of Harvard University; Nicholas Murray Butler, the Board . So that from 1898 till 1913 Teach- President of Columbia University; Dr. Albert Bush- ers' Councils remained voluntary organiza- nell Hart, and Dr. John Dewey. tions . "Writing on 'The Unity of Educational Reform,' In March, 1913, the Superintendent of President Eliot has said ('Educational Reform,' page Schools , Mrs. Young, brought in a recom- 333) : 'Teachers should have large advisory functions in the administration of both schools and universi- mendation for the official organization of ties. * * * All the teachers of a single system should Teachers' Councils "to give full and free ex- be associated together in such a way that by their pression or voice to the different attitudes representatives they can bring their opinions to bear and judgments of the teaching force, " and "to on the superintendent and his council, or, in the last enable the Superintendent to become con- resort, on the committee or board which has the versant at first hand with those attitudes and supreme control of the system.' "To the same effect was President Butler's opinion, judgments." given in answer to the questions of the committee of These councils met on school time and with- fifteen of the National Educational Association in 1895 ( Proceedings of N. E. A. of 1895), who said: out any administrative officer being present. 'A second suggestion I deem of great importance, According to Mrs. Young, "the voice of and I base it upon the success of the French people authority of position not only must not domi- in securing counsel and assistance in the management nate, but must not be heard in the councils." of the schools from the teaching force itself. All Mrs. Young's plan was adopted by the Board teachers who have passed the probationary period and are serving on a permanent appointment should March 20, 1913. be ex- officio members of a teachers' council, which In 1921 Mr. Mortensen added local school should meet regularly for the discussion of questions relating to textbooks, courses of study, methods of councils to the plan of Mrs. Young, and in teaching and so on. * * * I need not enlarge on the 1921 and 1922 the councils, for high school great advantage that will follow from giving teachers and elementary teachers, were given still an indirect voice in the matters that directly concern more definite standing, granting them greater them. Such a policy promotes the solidarity of the school system and tends to harmony and order as responsibility and by making the calling of well as to increase the efficiency of the teaching the Councils mandatory upon the superin- force.' tendent. April 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 229 On April 22, 1924, Superintendent Mc- it has not come to my attention. Andrew sent out a bulletin to the principals And in my opinion it is bound to be in- notifying that it did not seem to him to be a effective, because it does not represent the good time to call the councils and no call was issued . classroom teacher, its discussions are cramped A dispute extending over several months by the presence of supervisory officers whose N developed out of this refusal to call the coun- good will is of moment to every teacher. Hence tom cils, but in the end a majority of the Board there can be no free criticism of methods Fo supported the Superintendent, and the coun- or school organization and the whole purpose al cils as an official and professional part of the of providing a council for a free voice by the school system ceased to exist. teacher is frustrated. The Chicago schools On February 11th, 1925, the Superintendent brought to the attention of the Board his own will not again be known for their adventurous proposal which set up a small group made experimentation until the system provides for up of representatives of class room teachers, the free expression of the experience of the principals, various kinds of supervisory offi- classroom teacher. cials. This conglomerate body is known as I do not maintain that the Councils were the Chicago Public School Teachers' Council. above criticism, or that they brought to the The recommendation of the Superintendent system as much helpful suggestion as they was approved by a majority of the Board might, or that they were always wisely or un- April 8, 1925. selfishly conducted, but they furnished the So far as the present speaker has observed condition for an intelligent and open contact this so-called teachers' council has had no between the teachers and the administrative part in the formulation of policies, or criti- authorities that is not now available. In my cism of present methods, or proposals for judgment until councils of this type are again organized in the system, happy, interested new departures, or fresh development in the and contented teachers will not be character- school system. If this council has been active istic of the Chicago schools . 3 "Board of Superintendents" Against Councils on School Time Secretary Says No Member Favors Return to Old Council Meeting Plan No member of the so - called "Board of Superinten- intendents, addressed to Mr. Lemuel E. Minnis, Presi- dents," is in favor of a return to the plan of dismissing dent of the Chicago High School Teachers' Council. school children for the purpose of giving teachers time The letter as printed in the February 21 issue of the for the discussion of school policies, according to a letter Council Reporter, official organ of the High School from Elsa Z. Brinsley, secretary to the Board of Super- Teachers Council is as follows : COUNCILS DISCUSSED BY Opinions expressed by different members of SUPERINTENDENTS the board of superintendents and agreed to by the board were as follows : Not to Meet on School Time . Principals Should Be Admitted The organization of teachers' councils in groups small enough to admit intimate knowl- February 1, 1927. edge of classroom problems and teacher con- Chicago High School Teachers' Council, Room tributions, and large enough to comprise the 1515, 19 S. La Salle St., Chicago, Illinois. entire system through discussion by delegates Mr. Lemuel E. Minnis, President, to a central council as outlined in the Coun- Ladies and Gentlemen : cil's communication do not require the dis- All matters affecting the school system as missal of students nor the remission of a whole are transmitted to the board of sup- classroom instruction. The meetings can be erintendents. At its meeting on January 31, held without such dismissal or remission. By your communication of the 18th, addressed to recommendation of the Superintendent of the Superintendent of Schools, was given Schools in 1924 the Board of Education pro- careful consideration. I was directed to thank vided that free use of the school buildings you for your communication. could be had every Friday for such purposes ; 230 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 when a school grows so large as to go upon looking toward the improvement of the teach- a double session it becomes large enough for ing service. But the necessity of any exclu- two teachers' councils. For a double school sion, from such organizations of principals of the afternoon teachers meeting before their schools is not apparent to the board members. teaching begins, and the morning teachers If there is distrust, lack of sympathy or other meeting after their teaching ends. This disagreement between teachers and principals should keep the group small enough to admit the board of superintendents believes such of intimate knowledge of classroom problems untoward conditions would be sooner ended by and teacher contributions . The board of sup- cooperation than by mutual exclusion. erintendents welcomes teacher contributions Yours truly, for the improvement of the service whether (Signed) ELSA Z. BRINSLEY, submitted by individual teachers or by groups Secretary to the Board of Superintendents. of teachers such as the Chicago High School Teachers' Council. It is not apparent, how- ever, that the suggestions of individual teach- SUBSCRIPTION to ers subjected to discard by a majority vote of a large number of teachers and thereby fail- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN ing to reach the board of superintendents, Name .. are without merit. The board of superin- Address . tendents and the Superintendent of Schools (Street and Number) feel that what should determine the accep- ..City tance of a plan is not the number of votes be- Subscription price $2.00 per year. hind it but the reasons supporting it. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 The proposition to return to the plan of EN. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. dismissing school children for the purpose of giving time for the teachers' discussion of What of It? school policies was not favored by ANY of the members of the board of superintendents for A woman who was living in a hotel in San these reasons : Francisco hired a Chinese boy. It does not appear that the instruction in She said : "What's your name ?" the high schools has reached a point to war- "Fu You Tsin Mei," said he . rant diminution of the time devoted to it. If "Your name is too long . I'll call you John." propositions for the benefit of the school sys- "What's your name, please ?" said he. tem are to be decided on by discussion, con- "Mrs. Elmer Edward MacDonald ." sideration of reasons for and against, the "Your name too long. I call you Charlie."- board of superintendents believe that the re- Wall Street Journal . sponsible heads of the schools, the principals, should not be excluded from these discussions . Just Look at the D— Thing To hold these meetings in school time, paying The Lord Bishop of London, returning from teachers for service at such meetings, and to America, announced that he was unable to exclude from these meetings the "responsible distinguish between a Republican and a Demo- administrative heads of schools charged with crat. It's easy, your Lordship. A Republican the organization, supervision and administra- says, " Just look at prosperity under Cool- tion thereof," appears to the board of superin- tendents inconsistent with the rules of the idge" ; a Democrat says, "Yes—just look at it." Board of Education, and inadvisable. Nor does it appear that the results accruing in the Literarily Lacking past from such meetings, principals excluded, Customer-" I want to return this book I warranted the deprivation of pupils from in- bought, 'Stories for All Occasions .' " struction and the financial outlay involved in Bookseller-"What's the matter with it ?" paying teachers for attendance at these Customer-"It's a fake ! There's nothing meetings . there for a man to tell his wife when he gets The board of superintendents does not dis- home at 2 Α . Μ." courage teachers' organizations. On the con- trary, its members belong to several. The annual report of the condition of the school In the Vernacular records the names, purposes and membership Judge : And are you the defendant ? of these organizations . They afford oppor- Rastus : No, sah, Jedge; Ah's jus' the man tunity for the study of specific propositions what stole the chickens ! April 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 231 Powerful Business Men Picked Superintendent of Schools Mrs. M. V. Ayres Tells Woman's City Club Speaker, Mrs. M. V. Ayres, Member of Advisory Board of Na- and Executive Committees of the Joint Committee on Public Schools Honal Progressive Education Association, Headquarters at Washing- of Chicago (consisting of delegates from 40 organizations, including ton, D. C.; Chairman of Chicago Schools Committee of the Cook Union League Club, Association of Commerce, City Club, Bureau of County Council of League of Women Voters; Member of Educational Public Efficiency, the Chicago Woman's Club, the Woman's City Committee, Woman's City Club of Chicago, and Member of Program Club, and others.) Excerpts from Stenographic Report of Meeting of They didn't know anything about Education Committee of the Woman's City Club, 360 N. Michigan Avenue, at 4 P. М., schools. They knew they were not right, December 9, 1926 but they did not know they simply looked at it from a business man's viewpoint. The meeting was called to order by the * *** Chairman, Mrs. John P. McCune. THE CHAIRMAN : I hope each one of you Because they were business men and be- has a copy of the Annual Report of the Su- cause they were successful men, because they had the type of mind that thinks perintendent. [Report of June, 1926 ] Our speaker this afternoon, Mrs. Ayres, will re- quickly and acts quickly, they got into the view this report. Our speaker does not need arena here first in Chicago, and because any introduction to this audience.. they know how to do things, they said, MRS . AYRES : You realize that I have a "We will get our finger into the selection of the superintendent of schools. We don't very hard situation here with Mr. McAndrew know how these schools should be run, but present, but I am going on as though he were we will try and find the biggest educator." not here. * *** MR. McANDREW : If you like, I will re- tire. They looked the country over and they MRS . AYRES : Not at all, Mr. McAndrew. picked out the man whom they thought I am very glad to see you here. I hope I am was best fitted to come here and really get not going to say anything that will in any us a system of schools. way deepen your trials at this time. So Mr. McAndrew has come here I think Mrs. McCune asked me when this report largely through the instrumentality of that came out [June, 1926] if I would review it public spirited body. I think they were as I had reviewed the first report that Mr. thoroughly and fundamentally sound in McAndrew got out at the end of June [1924] their attempt. * * * * * * and the next report (June, 1925] . I have spoken to two groups on this subject before. (Here follow 20 pages of discussion on Mr. McAn- *** drew's three reports by Mrs. Ayres , after which she closed as follows:) You see we came here at the same time, I I was going to point out some high spots from a secretaryship in a National Associa- tion in Washington, and Mr. McAndrew from in the reports of these departments, but I * * know Mr. McAndrew will set you right and his great work in New York City * me right too on that and I will close so as At the time Mr. McAndrew came here to give him a few minutes. the men of Chicago, as a part of a great na- THE CHAIRMAN : We did not know that tional movement resulting from the war, had turned their attention for the first time Mr. McAndrew was coming until a short time **** before the meeting. He is a very pleasant to the public schools en masse. though unexpected visitor. Mr. McAndrew, In Chicago there were groups of power- will you say a few words to us ? ful men, I mean by that powerful thinkers and quick to act, organized. They were in MR . MCANDREW : Ladies and Reporters . men's clubs. They saw the situation here. .. [ Then follow 27 typewritten pages of They said, "Here are our public schools discussion by Mr. McAndrew on his Annual spending millions and millions of dollars,- Reports and on Mrs. Ayres' review of those this last year, $66,000,000 for school pur- reports but no comment on the above state- poses with no organization. What business ment of Mrs. Ayres in regard to powerful man or what group of business men would business men having picked him as Superin- ever stand for a situation like that?" tendent of Chicago Schools.] 232 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 Stop to Shop BEAUTY SHOPS Hoefer, 213 McJunkin Bldg. Bain's DRESSES CAMPS COATS American Schools Assn., 17 N. State Street CORSETS Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street A New Shop for Women Stella Hageman-1328 Stevens Building SIZES FROM 14 TΟ 56 DRESSES Price range $16.75 to $45.00 Bains, 1224 Stevens Building No charge for alterations. No Greene's, 230 S. Michigan Avenue additional charge for larger sizes. D. S. Komiss Co., 301 S. State Street Intelligent Service Mathews, 35 E. Madison Street Open Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday Evenings FLORISTS Phone 1224 Stevens Bldg. Dearborn 3776 17 N. State St. Streiff and Dagobert-3211 W. Madison Street FURS John J. Moran, 58 E. Washington Street Thos. McElroy, 17 N. State Street F. Ranke- Room 309, Capitol Building Siegel and Barth-39 S. State Street Robert Staedter-17 N. State Street HATS Cozy Hat Shop, 1212 Stevens Bldg. May Hat Shop, 1515 Stevens Bldg. Teachers are People HATS SHAPED Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching-12 N. Michigan Avenue Reprinted from "Teachers Are People," being the Lyrics HEALTH of Agatha Brown, Sometime Teacher of English in the Vimedia, 1421 Capitol Bldg. Hilldale High School. LINGERIE Peerless, 1228 Stevens Building A VOCATION REDUCING METHODS I began teaching because it was a lady- like profession, Edgewater System, 1126 Granville Avenue I continued because I was not fitted for anything else. PERMANENT WAVE For two years I taught commas, meter, A. G. Heding, 15 E. Washington Street And the history of literature PRINTERS With true normal- school zeal, arrogant and condescend- Barnard and Miller- 172 N. La Salle Street ing. RESTAURANTS Suddenly I began to teach children. Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street Each new term I strive to make plain SALESWOMEN To the eager young minds Chicago Civic Opera Company What it all means . SECRETARIAL TRAINING My evening prayers always contain a plea Garnett L. Stevens-21 E. Van Buren Street That the crumbs I am privileged to scatter Shorthand Coach School 431 S. Wabash Avenue May be worthy. SHOES Ray Parker, 162 N. State Street Red Cross Shoes, 53 W. Madison Street INDIVIDUALITY SHORTHAND REPORTER George Johnson, 1105 Ashland Block On the first day of school SILKS They pour into their seats . Bon Ton Silk Co. -405 Capitol Building Little nonentities, SUMMER HOTELS All frowsy, Malloy Hotel, Boulder, Colorado All the same, SUPERFLUOUS HAIR Like so much batter in cake rings. Louise B. Everett, 17 N. State Street Then they begin to rise, TEA ROOM Each reveals a separate sweetness and a worth All his own. Julia King-122 N. Dearborn Street TOURS Atlantic Travel Co., 140 N. Dearborn Street Canadian Pacific, Stevens Bldg. EENY , MEENY, MINEY, MOE Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, 630 Marquette Bldg. The Principal has a hard job, Mrs. Frank Brown, 955 W. Grand Avenue He must serve three masters : Mrs. A. Baron, 5154 S. Parkway Florida West Coast Co., 861 McCormick Bldg . He must obey the voice of Public Opinion, French Line, 109 N. Dearborn Street (The School Board sees to that) ; Louise Gaston, 5315 Ellis Avenue He must take care of the "Dere Children," Hubbell, 19 S. La Salle Street (The Community sees to that); Marnell, 105 W. Monroe Street Northwestern and Union Pacific R. R's. He must consider the teacher, Sanger Tours, 17 N. La Salle Street (Nobody sees to that) . April 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 233 MALPRACTICE We teach democracy in all our classes ; Teachers You Are Tired-Come and Rest at the The constitution and freedom of speech Double M. Ranch GOLD HILL, COLORADO Have become tremendously popular. Saddle Horses Reasonable Rates Automobile Tours Yet should a teacher intimate For Information 1515 CAPITOL BUILDING, CHICAGO That she has a right or MOLLOY HOTEL AND SCENIC TOURS To a voice in the school board election ; Boulder, Colorado 1019 Spruce Street That she suspects that the anti-labor newspaper Is backing the wrong candidate; That because a man holds a public office He is not necessarily endowed Thos. E. McElroy Co. With divine intelligence; STEVENS BLDG . That the local politicians FINE FURS Are not all they should be; - Remodeling-Storage-Repairing She is not called liberal-minded, We Call for Storage She is fired. STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 DEMOCRACY Intensive training, they say, "Education Through Travel in Europe” We offer tours from $245 and upwards. Tours providing promotional Produced leaders . credits. French Tour of 36 days for $385 affords French instruction before departure at no additional cost. Is it better to have five men Special Terms to Teachers on Deferred Payments : That are mental experts One-Half Cash and Balance Monthly. Or fifty thousand Address: EARL B. HUBBELL COMPANY That have had a glimpse Tel . Dearborn 3567 Chicago, Illinois 19 South La Salle St. Of what life may mean? Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 3994 TIMES DO CHANGE GEORGE W. JOHNSON My mother's school master SHORTHAND REPORTER Used a long ferule 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago To preserve order. SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS My instructors I regarded With adoration Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation Or with awe. Flossie sticks her head in my door, EUROPE Crying, まいまい Five countries ALL expense "Come on, old dear, CHICAGO back to CHICAGO CHICA Don't keep the gang waiting- $495.00 You'll have to sit on my lap." Prices on all other European and Domestic Tours, compare favorably with this one. Phones Main 2358 SANGER TOURS 17 N. La Salle St. MISPLACED SYMPATHY Franklin 3985 Established 1909 "Poor old school-teacher," Croons the sentimentalist. TEACHERS Perhaps, You are cordially invited to refer your students to us for beginning or review work in shorthand, typewriting, book- As to the possessions of the world; keeping. They are assured private instruction by competent Yet how rich teachers. We can prepare you to instruct in shorthand, typewriting In the vicarious extension of life and bookkeeping. Our correspondence courses will help you prepare. Through the youth SHORTHAND COACH SCHOOL With whom MYRTLE M. VOSS We come in contact. 101-3-4-5 Auditorium Building 431 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Wabash 3732; Harrison 1995 COMPLIMENTS Once Bob Carter said I had nice hair; "Chuck" Weil wondered how anyone could know so BARNARD & MILLER much; Law & Commercial Printers Many pupils have brought me flowers, 172 N. LA SALLE STREET // CHICAGO Also boxes of candy; TelephoneFRAnklín 0562 But what pleased me most Was when Mike exclaimed: "Gee, Miss Brown, you're not a bit like a teacher, CLASSIFIED You're so human." An Emeritus Teacher wishes to hear from a few others who seek pleasurable and profit- Found able employment. Address Teacher, care of Bulletin . Several pairs of gloves were left in the Studebaker theater after the meeting March A retired teacher wants room and board with 31. They are at the Federation office. one similarly situated. M. S., care of Bulletin. 234 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 City Council Votes $85,000 for Property Appraisal Seeks to Equalize Values for Taxation Purposes The City Council at a meeting Wednesday, Following is the Resolution of the City April 6, 1927, voted to appropriate $85,000 Council : to be used for the work of property appraisal BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL with a view to equalizing assessments for taxa- OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO : tion purposes. The Council had appropriated SECTION 1. That there be and is hereby appro- in February for the same purpose, $25,000 of priated from miscellaneous receipts of the corporate which $15,000 remain unexpended. The fund the sum of $85,000 to the credit of Account Board of Education has voted to appropriate 3 - S - 2 Committee on Finance for the work of prop- a similar amount and the fund has been erty appraisal with a view to equalizing values for taxation purposes . further assured by the Chicago Teachers' Fed- SECTION 2. This ordinance shall be in full force eration, which has voted to provide an insur- and effect from and after its passage. ance fund of $100,000 to insure payment of the amount provided for in a resolution RESOLUTION RE APPROPRIATION OF $100,000 FOR AP- adopted by the Board of Education March 23, PRAISAL OF LANDS FOR REASSESSMENT IN 1927, 1927 . ADOPTED BY BOARD OF EDUCATION MARCH 23, 1927. A resolution providing for the appropria- WHEREAS , the Board of Cook County Commission- ers has included in its annual appropriation the follow- tion of $100,000 by the Board of Education for ing item- the appraisal of lands for reassessment in 1927 was adopted by the Board of Education "For necessary expenses in making the next general assessment to be made in the year 1927 for the qua- at its meeting March 23, 1927. drennial period for which such general assessment is to The resolution, as presented by Mr. English be made, in addition to the appropriation elsewhere pro- vided for the Board of Assessors of the County of Cook, March 9, was printed in the March 31 issue the further sum hereinafter set forth, for the develop- of the Bulletin . ment, installation and maintenance of a legally scientific system of securing information and analyzing, systematiz- The resolution was subsequently amended ing and preserving same for future reference, concern- at a meeting of the Finance Committee March ing valuations of lands and buildings and improvements 21, 1927. The resolution as amended is on lands, and data and methods of procedure connected printed below. therewith , and for the publication of land assessment SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS 60 Days ORSETS UROPE Only $625 ELL TOURS GossardCorsets Come with me EUROPE-HAWAII -ALASKA C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison On Mentor Student Tour C LOUISE GASTON 5315 Ellis Avenue, Chicago Midway 0390 S.B. University of Chicago, 1922 M Independent and Escorted Tel . State 6593 Suite 1202 105 W. Monroe St. After 6 P. M.: Rogers Park 1579 OR SPACE RATES AMPS For these Snappy Little Ads EE Europethe Mentor Tour Way Free Information and Catalogs of all in U. S. I have made Student Tour C twice. Can C Summer Camps for Boys or Girls. Also Boarding Schools. Apply Now:- Americans Schools Association 17 No. State St. Tel. Central 6648 F Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Phone Central 3904 S tell you how satisfactory it is, and how wonderful for the price, $625. Write me for information . MRS. B. FRANK BROWN 955 W. Grand Ave. Chicage DGEWATER SYSTEM for grace, PEALTH IS POWER JOURS. conducted tours through Europe. beauty and charm, reducing stout And gives a Positive Force to Mind and Select Standard and Student visiting 8 women, upbuilding underweights. E If you are interested in scientific health preserving methods Call Rogers Park 0275 1126 Grandville Ave. H Body Ladies, Attend Our Free Lectures Each Thursday, 6 to 8.30 P. M. VIMEDIA, 1421 Capitol Bldg. Randolph and State Sts. T countries. Shorter trips may be arranged for. Price Including ocean passage from $365 upward. For further Information address Parkway, 1404. MRS . Chicago, A. BARON , III. 5154 South Phone: Drexel April 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 235 maps and building assessments as made by the Board of Assessors and Board of Review, and to that end to en- able said Board of Assessors of Cook County to employ expert and other services on such matters with the con- ENRICI'S is famous no less sent of the Board of Commissioners, but subject to the conditions that $50,000 of said $250,000 shall be so used H for the enduring and deep concerning valuations of lands, provided such further sums as may be necessary shall be contributed or donated friendships it has won than to the Board of Cook County Commissioners for such pur- poses by public bodies or persons interested in equitable for the quality of the foods assessments, or others; and that any arrangement for it serves and for the great expert or other services for the expenditure of any part of above $250,000 shall be approved by the Board of Cook volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- County Commissioners, after reasonable notice thereof to the State's Attorney of Cook County and to the Joint day, before the matinee, it is the great Commission on Real Estate Valuation, or the members thereof ..... $250,000.00." central meeting place. And WHEREAS , The City Council of the City of Chicago has included in its annual appropriation bill the following item- "For expense incident to checking assessed valuations and presenting information relative thereto to Board of Assessors ond Board of Revitw (including unpaid HENRICI'S bills) ...... $25,000.00 ." WM. M. COLLINS , PRESIDENT And WHEREAS, The City of Chicago and this Board ! of Education thereof and the schools and students thereof are interested in the revenues dependent upon 67 W. Randolph St. proper assessments and valuations of property in said city. Therefore be it Between Dearborn and Clark Streets RESOLVED : By the Board of Education of the City of Chicago that the sum of One Hundred Thousand ($100,- 1 000.00) Dollars be and the same hereby is appropriated No orchestral din and set up for the purpose of securing, by the means and methods herein referred to, a more equitable taxation of property in the City of Chicago, to the end that as far TEACHERS ASK PUBLICITY as possible all taxable property shall be fairly and justly taxed; AND BE IT FURTHER (Continued from Page 226) tion for consideration and report be given before any RESOLVED : That the money thus appropriated shall action thereon is taken by your Committee. be expended under the direction of and only upon order of the Special Tax Committee and the Finance Commit- The Federation respectfully calls the attention of the Finance Committee to the fact that when a salary sched- tee of the Board of Education of the City of Chicago ; AND BE IT FURTHER ule resolution was presented to the Finance Committee of the Board on April 18, 1925, and approved that day by RESOLVED : That the sum of Sixty- Seven Thousand that Committee without such opportunity for scrutiny Dollars ($67,000.00) of the above appropriation of $ 100,- and consideration, very serious defects were revealed by 000 shall be paid from the Educational Fund of the Board such scrutiny and consideration by the Chicago Teachers ' of Education, and Thirty- Three Thousand Dollars ($33,- Federation, and as a result that resolution was not 000.00) of the above $100,000.00 shall be paid from the adopted by the Board of Education. Some of the defects Building Fund of the Board of Education. so revealed were an illegal delegation of power to the AND BE IT RESOLVED FURTHER, That the sum Superintendent to retard teachers on the salary schedule of Sixty- Seven Thousand Dollars ($67,000.00) of the and failure to provide against the diminution or cutting above appropriation of $100,000 shall be paid from the of the salaries of large numbers of teachers then in the Educational Fund of the Board of Education, and service. Thirty- Three Thousand Dollars ($33.000.00) of the above $100,000.00 shall be paid from the Building Fund of the Members of the Board of Education publicly stated Board of Education . that they did not know the resolution for which they had (The Amendment is contained in Paragraphs 3, 4, and 5 on this page) voted on April 18, 1925, contained these serious defects, that lack of opportunity for careful study of the resolu- tion by the members of the Finance Committee resulted MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN in its adoption without their knowing the contents. On Saturday, April 9, the Federation reaffirmed its MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher former position, that it is opposed to the voting of salary increases for teachers until the needed revenue has been MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. provided in advance to pay these increases, and directed THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, its officers again to request the Finance Committee and 15 Cents. the Board of Education to make public at once and in LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. advance of any action increasing teachers' salaries, how ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Board intends to obtain the needed revenue to pay MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American such increases. Respectfully submitted, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION , Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago (Signed) MARY M. ABBE, President. Phone Central 3904 236 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 15, 1927 TotemPolesandRaspberries CD Alaska "The 'top o' the DSKomis&Do 301 So. State St. S. E. Corner State and Jackson world' to you," says this land of startling After Easter contrasts. Where else could you take Reductions On a 1000 mile ocean trip inland ? Or see icebergs break from Smartest New living glaciers in a land of tropical flowers and ripe SPRING COATS fruits ? Or totem- poled Indian villages and Eskimos ? Or fur-trapping and gold mining ? There's so much to see that the sun puts on a 24 hour shift for summer visitors! TAILORED SUITS And the Canadian Pacific puts on her luxu- rious Princess liners , sailing from 3 or 4 days each way. It's a trip of mystery and beauty-unlike any other on earth-worth any necessary sacrifice. By all means in- Vancouver to CHIC FROCKS clude Canadian Pacific's Alaska cruise in Skagway and your N. E. A. trip. return Further information from THOS. J. WALL, General Agent, $90 71 E. Jackson Blvd. , near Michigan, Upward, TEACHERS DISCOUNT OF Straus Bldg., Chicago, III . meals and Telephone Wabash 1904 berth included 10% ON ALL APPAREL Canadian Pacific See Banff and Lake Louise on the Way FLOWERS FOR ALL OCCASIONS DISCOUNT TO Streiff&Dagobert FLORISTS, Expert Designer of FloralArt Chicago Teachers Federation on all purchases of Nevada 0217 M. H. DAGOBERT, Mgr . 3211 W. Madison St. Hosiery Gowns Chemises Bloomers Vests Stepins Gloves Garters Kerchiefs 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR SHOW YOUR FEDERATION CARD Buy from one who KNOWS values, and will give you an honest deal PEERLESS LINGERIE SHOP F. RANKE FUR CO. Second floor Capitol Bldg. 1228 Stevens Bldg. 17 N. State St. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 TEACHERS !! My Let Personal MeGive You Attention SUPERFLUOUS HAIR JOHN J. MORAN, INC. FASHIONABLE FURS Removed by Multiple Electrolysis GUARANTEED PERMANENT AND SATISFACTORY Furs and Chokers for Spring. Call State 4177. LOUISE B. EVERETT Will call for storage. STORAGE : REMODELING REPAIRING Personal Service 58 East Washington Street 17 N. State Street-Dearborn 5277 IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST French Line We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and Permanent Waving Nowyoucannotafford not to go toEurope HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR ESTABLISHED 1905 Tourist III Cabin Round Trip Rate $ 177 SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. Company's Office 109 N. Dearborn St. Phones-Ardmore 5311-5312-Broadway at Wilson 12 W MX '2 7 Ju ne 8/27 VOL. NO . MargaretHaley's 13 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill. May 15, 1927 are the tears BITTER ofa child: Sweeten them . Deep are the thoughts ofa child: Quiet them . Sharp is the grief of a child: Take it from him . Soft is the heart of a child: Do not harden it. -Lady Glenconner 238 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 PUG SOU T ET ND THE O The Chicago, Milwaukee & CHICAGO Pacific scNorthwes MILWAUKEE bi St. Paul Ry. is without ques- tion the best route to the ; it com- Bain'sDRESSES ne en witth serv ; s ery ice ELE AN DCTSTR.P RIF A AUL IEILW you will see the virgin West COATS D AY as it must have appeared to Lewis and Clark a century or more ago . Educational Special Selling Event For one week beginning Monday, May 8th all SPRING COATS and DRESSES will be Interesting Inspiring placed on sale at Marked Price Reductions. The Milwaukee offers the greatest number of free SIZES 14 TO 56 side trips. It is the world's longest electrified railroad. Meals :-Table d'hote, club and a la carte service; BAIN'S 1224 Stevens Bldg . 17 North State St. the cuisine is unsurpassed in railway travel. It is the shortest line between Chicago and Seattle. The new all-steel Olympian and its companion H T O N E train the Columbian provide daily service. Open observation cars-observation club cars, standard and tourist sleeping cars, dining cars. R A -C If you attend the N. E. A. Convention by all means see to it that your ticket reads via the Chi- TATES ARedFossShoe cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. You may return TED S S OCRO over any route. Fare $90.30 direct or $108.30 re- od Trade Mark turning through California. CINTLESIUSSHO SA-0 Write for literature, reservations and further par- ticulars. Combination Lasts Sizes 4 to 10 AAAA to D E. G. HAYDEN, Gen. Agt. Pass. Dept., 307 "100 West Monroe Bldg." Phone Central 7600 CHICAGO, ILL . FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE Comfort Shoes in the Latest Spring Styles for Every Occasion ChicagoMilwaukee&St.PaulRailway TO PUGET SOUND - ELECTRIFIED 53 E. Madison St. WALTER J. OTTO CHICAGO 3515 How would you like Delicious Cooking Your Felt or Straw Hats Charming Surroundings Reblocked Moderate Prices into up-to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. servative styles. Small or extremely large Luncheon .$0.60 headsizes . We have them. We are manu- Dinner 1.00 facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- Sunday Dinner 1.25 ing Department has access to the best shapes . A trial will convince you of our efficient service. JULIA KING'S Tea Room Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg . Teachers Pestalozzi Froebel You Are Tired-Come and Rest at the Double M Ranch Primary Training Teachers College GOLD HILL, COLORADO June 21- Summer School -July 29 Located on the Lake Front, Saddle Horses Reasonable Rates Automobile Tours Chicago For Information 1515 CAPITOL BUILDING , CHICAGO Special Courses in Primary and Kindergarten Methods or Nature Study, Hand Work, Dramatics, Playground Work MOLLOY HOTEL AND SCENIC TOURS Also Special Course in Nursery Schools 1019 Spruce Street Boulder, Colorado Address Registrar, Box H, 616-22 S. Michigan Blvd., Chicago IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST JOHN J. MORAN, INC. We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and FASHIONABLE FURS Permanent Waving Furs and Chokers for Spring. Call State 4177. HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR Will call for storage. ESTABLISHED 1905 STORAGE : REMODELING : REPAIRING SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. 58 East Washington Street Phones-Ardmore 5311-5312-Broadway at Wilson MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol. 4. No. 13 May 15, 1927 Page 239 1 " Greater Love Hath No Man ..... • • Miss Annie Keller, White Hall, was killed when Centerville School, 22 miles southwest of Carrollton, was razed by the storm . An instant before she was killed , she wisely had her flock of 18 pupils take refuge under their desks and this saved their lives . Springfield State Journal, April 21, 1927. Surely, "greater love hath no man than this, teachers, and we know that she, like them, that he lay down his life for his friends." could not escape that indefinable something Annie Keller's heroic death was only a reac- with which teachers are born . tion to the thing which made her a teacher. We didn't know you, Annie Keller, but we She might have thot of herself first ; she know how you have endured those endless ‫ک‬ might have saved herself. To have done either hours of droning pupils conning their lessons ; of these things, was no part of her life. She we know how your head has grown heavy and was a TEACHER. your eyes dull as figures danced crazily on She might have let the boy, who knew all blackboards and pencil boxes leaped from about the Greeks and the Romans, but who their desks. We know the fetid air, the too couldn't add a column of two digit figures, fail bright light, the reams of records, the cold in his grade. She did not have to work with lunches you have suffered in the name of him after school. She might have let the pedagogy and we know the times that you motherless little girl break her heart because have prayed to Some Power to restrain you the other girls were "mean to her." She did from slaughtering in cold blood the 18 wrig- not have to take the child in her arms , soothe gling mites of human clay in front of you . away her tears, and lead her back smiling to her playmates. She did not have to find the You think you hear it yet, Annie Keller, in children's piping treble, "Good Morning dear lost mittens , seek the wandering rubber, fix the broken roller skates, see the "something Teacher, we're glad to see you." But it isn't. in my eye" nor by some strange necromancy It is a cherubic chorus sounding Hosannas of cause a bottle of milk to appear on the desk of praise for you and your kind from the spirit of hundreds of children who have laid down the little girl whose cheeks blushed scarlet each afternoon. She might have thot of herself their lives with their teachers' in those thou- first and she might have saved herself these sands of school tragedies which have marked labors for which no Board of Education can the onward march of education . ever compensate. So much a part of her had We are proud today to belong to those ranks these daily sacrifices on the altar of Education on which you have reflected such glory. Your become, that to give her life for her children sacrifice has justified the faith that mankind was a merest incident. There was no question has placed in its teachers when it entrusts to in her mind thruout those years in which she their care the physical, mental and spiritual had been their mentor, between her welfare welfare of their helpless and impressionable and theirs. So there was no question when little ones. The teaching body is better be- the Grim Reaper hovered over the little school. cause you were of it. A little town is wrapt Her impulsive response was to that divine in grief for its friend and a countryside spark which the Great Teacher implanted in mourns a heroine, but a profession rejoices in the hearts of teachers when he bade them, the supreme sacrifice you made in vindication "Suffer little children to come unto me, for of of the ideals for which it has stood and the such are the kingdom of Heaven. " traditions which it has established . You were We never knew Annie Keller. We never true to the teaching profession, Annie Keller. heard of her until she was dead, yet we know Verily, you were the Good Shepherd and laid these things . We know them because we know down your life for your sheep . 240 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 From the Masthead "All Things Come to Him Who Waits " - - If He Waits Long Enough and Works While He Waits To the Teachers of Chicago : Now comes official, documentary proof of of Education, and of the Committee on Fi- the soundness of the position taken by the Chi- nance ... with a view toward discussing such cago Teachers' Federation at its Studebaker steps as may be necessary in order to bring Theatre meeting on March 31, 1927, in reitera- about the relief needed to finance the corporate ting and reaffirming its position of two years as well as the educational fund, by the equali- ago : zation of taxable property values which will (1 ) Against further increases in tax rates : eventually relieve the situation." (2) For an equitable, uniform assessment Speaking for the adoption of this report of property : providing for the calling of such a conference, (3 ) For information as to how, when and Alderman John S. Clark, Chairman of the Fi- where the Board proposed to get the money nance Committee of the Council, said : to pay salary increases, this information to be "There is only one way this deficit can be made public before Board action purporting to increase teachers' salaries . made up, and that is by the Board of Assess- Proof of the soundness of the Federation's ors and Board of Review placing proper valu- position comes in the form of : ations on real estate in the City of Chicago. The Finance Committee made a survey last (a) A Report of the Finance Committee of year in conjunction with the Board of Educa- the City Council, adopted unanimously by the tion, and in our survey we found that the Council on May 2, setting forth the present deplorable condition of the city's finances and small property owner was paying upon a valu- recommending prompt action to obtain finan- ation of about 35% and the large property owner was paying upon a valuation of about cial relief for the city and for the Board of 17%. Education through an equitable reassessment of the real estate of Chicago this quadrennial • With the methods used by the Board year, 1927. of Assessors and the Board of Review, and (b) A request from the Board of Education I don't blame those two assessing boards now, to the City Council to submit to the voters at because they are using methods which have the judicial election on June 6, a referendum been used for many years in the past, and they on an increase in the Educational Fund tax are not modern methods-the property is not rate from $ 1.92 to $2.42, which request was re- assessed on an equitable and uniform basis. ceived by the Council on May 2 and referred to The Council did everything in its power to try its Committee on Schools . to have the property assessed in the right way, The report adopted by the City Council on but did not succeed. Our attempt did not May 2, printed on page 248 of this Bulletin, meet with any success. provides for the calling of a conference "of I think if the two assessing boards are the Mayor, such members of his cabinet as he called into conference, and they are informed may designate, members of the Board of As- of the condition of the corporate fund and sessors, of the Board of Review, of the Board that the City of Chicago won't be able to pay May 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 241 its employees for 1927, I think if that is called baker Theatre meeting on March 31, 1927, on to their attention, and that the schools of Chi- another phase of this salary question. In the cago will either have to reduce the teachers' light of the experiences of two years ago the salaries or close the last month of the year, I Federation at that Studebaker Theatre meet- think we can accomplish it.” ing called on the Finance Committee of the Board of Education to make public the salary The foregoing statement of Alderman Resolution and schedules thereto attached Clark points to a condition in the conduct of which the newspapers were at that time an- the business of this city and county which has nouncing the Board of Education was about to no right to exist in any progressive city or adopt. county. The fact is that we are, in our ap- praisals of property for assessment purposes, That official, documentary proof was Re- proceeding by ox-cart methods in the day of port No. 17070, the Superintendent's Revised aeroplanes, and that, too, in spite of the fact Salary Report which was presented by him to that more than a hundred cities in the United the Board of Education on April 13, 1927. On States are already using a modern, scientific that day it was sent to the Finance Committee, method of appraisal for assessments . As was where, for "lack of a quorum," it still awaits pointed out in a previous issue of this Bulletin, resurrection. On the same day the Board the adoption of a scientific method of apprais- had 500 copies of that report printed and one ing property has brought about in most cases copy sent to each school . an actual reduction in the tax rate of the cities so appraised, in addition to providing greatly One copy of that printed Report was re- increased revenue for their corporate and edu- ceived by the principal of each school on Fri- cational needs . day, April 22, the last day of school before the week's vacation, and the day the Finance Com- Teachers who are informed on these mat- mittee of the Board was scheduled to meet to ters, who take into consideration the interests consider this Report. April 22 was also the of the small tax payers the parents of the day which the President of the Principals ' children, the renters and home owners and Club had previously set for the President of who look to the future of the profession, know the Board of Education to receive from the that discussion of salary schedules purporting principals their letters showing that "their" to increase present salaries is not only mis- teachers had endorsed the "Superintendent's leading, both to the teachers and to the people, Salary Report." but is distracting their attention at a critical time when public attention should be focused April 22 was also the day after the teachers on the real issue before the city today, in many schools had been lined up and "re- namely, getting the needed revenue for the quested" to "sign on the dotted line" 100 per schools and the city through an equitable, cent in favor of these 193 Revised Schedules, scientific reassessment, in this year 1927, of concerning which schedules these teachers' the real estate of Chicago for the quadrennial only information had come to them through period which begins this year. the principal or the newspapers. Few, if any, teachers had opportunity be- It will be four years before there will be an- fore signing that " endorsement" to see even other re- assessment of real estate and the time the outside of that 58-page Report containing is being frittered away and nothing done- these 193 various and devious schedules, and "Nero fiddling while Rome is burning." The the still more various and devious provisions introduction of increase-of-salary discussion for the application of these schedules to the under such circumstances, when the Board of various sized groups of teachers now in the Education and the city are facing bankruptcy, service, and especially that largest of all the is, to say the least, confusing. It raises in the groups in the system, the 3,500 to 4,000 regular minds of all thinking teachers the one ques- elementary teachers now at the maximum sal- tion, "When is an increase not an increase ? " ary of their schedule ; and the next highest And there is but one answer, "When there is group, the high school teachers on regular inadequate revenue to pay even existing salary certificates now at the maximum of their sal- schedules to the many and an apparent deter- ary schedule. mination to bestow liberal favors on the few. Two weeks ago there came to the schools of- A casual reading of this report leads one to ficial, documentary proof of the soundness of speculate as to whether the wording of the the Federation's position, taken at the Stude- provisions in the schedules for these two large 242 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 groups of teachers at the maximum is due to If those principals did know this it has not the characteristic slovenliness of the Super- been brought to our attention that they in- intendent's language or to the deliberate choice formed the teachers before they asked them to of words to conceal rather than to reveal facts. sign on the dotted line. If they knew it, why But careful study of this unique report re- did they request the teachers who did not know moves the element of speculation. it to sign ? If they did not know it, why did Be it said to the credit of the principals that they request teachers to sign ? when the word came over the telephone from the President of the Principals' Club to get Nor has it come to our attention that any the signatures of the teachers and this word high school principal called to the attention of the high school teachers, the other large came before a copy of the Superintendent's Revised Salary Report had even arrived in the group, the provision of a 15-year schedule for schools-there were many principals who re- limited certificate teachers, and also what ap- fused to ask the teachers for an endorsement pears to be the omission of a definite provision of that report. They refused to insult the in- for the advancement of general certificate telligence of the teachers by presenting such a teachers, now in the service, beyond $3,900 proposition to them. In some schools, how- without meeting the same 15-year requirement ever, where teachers were asked to sign, in imposed upon limited certificate teachers to explaining what was happening in their attain the proposed $4,700 maximum. schools, these teachers said they signed in But the provision for a bonus of $15.00 defense of their efficiency rating. a month is very definitely set forth for heads Without discussion, without opportunity to of the departments in the high schools . They secure first hand information as to what the form a very small group created by adminis- numerous schedules of the various groups of trative act, not by Board action. teachers contained, with their efficiency rating The purported increase is said to meet the depending upon the principal, and the time for wishes of the Continuation school teachers, sending in the teachers' " marks" at hand, these but there were only 97 teachers in the Continu- teachers were “requested” to “endorse” these ation schools, as shown by the September, schedules, 193 of them ! 1926, payroll. The schedules in the Superin- Teachers, what more can be said than is tendent's Revised Report states specifically the disclosed by that action itself ? amounts the Manual Training, Household Arts There are teachers who feel that any prin- and other bonus groups, now in the system, cipal who would be so unfair as to ask teach- shall receive ; but again, these are very limited ers to endorse this report under these condi- numbers, less than 1,000 in all, while there are tions could hardly be expected to be fair more than 7,000 regular elementary teachers, enough not to retaliate against the teachers from kindergarten through the 7th grade and who would not buy "a pig in a poke." more than 2,000 high school teachers. In simple, clear, concise, direct, definite and unquestionable language, the half column of The teachers realize that the teaching pro- fession is reverting to the law of the tooth and schedule of elementary principals guarantees to every principal from $950 to $1350 increase the claw when it tolerates the holding back the first year of its adoption and an additional on low salaries of large groups of teachers $250 increase for each of the two succeeding only because they are large groups and the years, thus absolutely insuring the payment money adequately to increase their salaries to the principals of a maximum of $6250 , an cannot be found; while the small groups get increase of $ 1450 above the present maximum. large increases only because they are small And the high school and junior high school groups and money can be found to pay them principals fare even better than the elemen- large increases. The large groups on the low tary principals . pay should insist that the small groups should Did those elementary principals who re- at least wait until sufficient money to do jus- quested the teachers to sign know that the Re- tice to all is found ; and if the small groups vised Salary Schedule of the 7,000 regular ele- won't work while they wait, then the large mentary teachers now in the service ends at groups should at least make the small groups the 8th year of the new schedule, at a maxi- wait while they, the large group, work to get mum of $2,750 instead of continuing to a maxi- the money. mum of $3,250 on a 10 year schedule as do all In the past the large groups, the class room the small bonus groups in the elementary teachers, have done the giant's share of the schools except the head assistants whose maxi- work that obtained the money, and the smaller mum is $3,750 ? groups have got the lion's share of it. May 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 243 ! The proposed revised schedules provide for poration Counsel showing that the City Coun- our successors in the profession a lower stand- cil and the Board of Education have a right ard of living than we of the present have en- to use the $200,000 appropriated for the pur- i joyed in the service of Chicago's children. pose of obtaining correct information to pre- Teachers with ethical and professional sent to the assessors and to the Board of Re- standards refuse to approve schedules for fu- view, as to real estate values in Chicago. Read ture teachers which withhold thousands from that opinion printed in this Bulletin. It points teachers in the early years of service on the the way. The means are at hand. Let us keep E doubtful promise of a higher maximum. Cer- faith with the children and with the public we tainly the endorsement of such schedules in- serve and the public we serve will keep faith creases the responsibility of the teachers of with us. the present to ask where the revenue is to come from to pay these higher maximums ? And where is the money to come from to educate the children of the future ? The Finance Committee of the City Council fortified itself with an opinion from the Cor- Marzena. Haly When a Feller Needs a Friend With Apologies to Briggs い い ۱۱ ۱ RY TA AL M EN CIP E N EL RI P Y TAR L MEN IPA ELREINC P IPAL TAX- FIXER H.S.PRINC THECLASS-ROOM TEACHER PROPOS ED 6SALHAERYSCHEDULE T Class Room Teacher: "Oh, Santa Claus, don't I get my maximum, too?" Santa Claus: "No, little girl, there are too many of you!" [This cartoon is reproduced by request from the Bulletin of April 16, 1925.] 244 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 City Council Resolutions Summon Supt . McAndrew to Appear Council Opposes McAndrew Salary Schedule; Asks Him to Explain Position At the first City Council meeting at which brought to Chicago to "loose the hold that Mayor Thompson presided following his elec- certain outside agencies and the city hall had tion, resolutions regarding Superintendent around the school system." The resolution, McAndrew's alleged utterances covering his which was adopted, requests the Superintend- ent to appear before the Council Committee coming here, and his proposed new salary on Schools, Fire and Civil Service, state if he schedule for teachers, occupied the attention were correctly quoted and produce corre- of the aldermen. spondence, etc., indicating how he was to pro- Both resolutions were presented at the ceed to "loose the hold." meeting of the City Council Monday night, The other resolution, also adopted, recom- April 18 at 7:30 o'clock, when the mayor and mended that the Council oppose all efforts to newly elected aldermen were inducted into adopt the McAndrew salary schedule, in view office and appointments made. of a shortage of funds as indicated by the The first resolution, introduced by Alder- Superintendent himself, and according to him, man Mills , inquires into Mr. McAndrew's necessitating drastic economies . quoted statements to the effect that he was Both resolutions are printed below : HOW “ LOOSE THE HOLD ?" cation a report ( No. 16813), dated March 17, 1927, in which he said: WHEREAS, in the Chicago Tribune of April 17, 1927, " TO THE BOARD OF EDUCATION : Superintendent of Schools, William McAndrew, is quoted as follows: Ladies and Gentlemen : " I was brought here specifically to loose the hold I beg leave to that certain outside agencies and the city hall had RECOMMEND that you take from the table, discuss , around the school system. I have loosed that hold and approve the Superintendent's recommendation, and I believe it will stay loose," report No. 11013, March 11, 1925, setting up a salary therefore be it schedule for the Department of Education . " * * ** * * RESOLVED, That the Committee on Schools , Fire and Civil Service request said Superintendent McAndrew " The occasion of my venturing to bring this mat- to appear before said Committee and state whether he ter again to your attention is a unanimous motion is correctly quoted and, if he made the statement there of the City Council of Chicago advocating such ac- attributed to him, that he produce before the Committee tion as your adoption of this schedule would be." **** * * all papers, correspondence, telegrams , letters , memo- " The hope of the Board for financial adjustment randa and contracts showing in what respects he was to through modification of assessment schedules ought loose the hold of the city hall around the school system not to justify further delay in putting the schools and what were the outside agencies whose hold he was of Chicago on a first-class basis . Adjustments to loose and how the proposed loosings were to be within the salary schedule will need to be taken up brought about. and referred to the Board for settlement because WILEY W. MILLS , of change of circumstances since the original sched- Alderman, 37th Ward. ule was submitted; but the main thing is to take OPPOSES SALARY SCHEDULE action . WHEREAS, at a meeting of the City Council on the Respectfully submitted, 16th day of March, 1927, Alderman Coughlin introduced Wm . McAndrew, a resolution requesting the Board of Education to secure Superintendent of Schools ," and for the teachers an increase in salary; and WHEREAS , the last paragraph of the recommenda- WHEREAS, when said resolution was read Alderman tion of Superintendent McAndrew above quoted neces- Nelson and others asked that it be sent to the Com- sarily implies that he would have the Board of Education mittee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service; and adopt at this time a salary schedule involving an addi- WHEREAS , in the brief discussion which followed, tional expenditure of millions of dollars annually, regard- Alderman Nelson asked Alderman Coughlin if his resolu- less of whether the pending attempts to secure an tion referred to the so- called McAndrew salary schedule, equitable assessment of property values shall succeed in and when Alderman Coughlin replied that it did not refer producing revenues sufficient to meet such increased ex- to that schedule but was merely an expression that the penditure ; and Council favored an increase when there was money to WHEREAS , in the Superintendent's Bulletin of pay it, the demand for reference to the Committee was August 13, 1926, Mr. McAndrew says : withdrawn; and * * * * I have never known any school sys- WHEREAS , on March 23, 1927, the Superintendent of tem to be as badly off for funds as we are. There Schools , William McAndrew, sent to the Board of Edu- isn't any doubt in my mind but that drastic econo- May 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 245 mies must be planned for the immediate future. worth of property heretofore and now escaping taxation * * * * We regret having to cut anything any- through under- assessment ; and where, but in the straightened condition of the WHEREAS, the adoption of the said salary schedule, * * funds we must make decided sacrifices . *;" regardless of whether an enormous increase of school and revenues were first secured by such equalization of WHEREAS, during a hearing on said recommenda- assessments might mean another attempt to increase the tion of the Superintendent, Mr. McAndrew, Mr. Don tax rate upon the home-owners or home-buyers of the C. Rogers, Principal of the Smyth School, in urging the city who are now literally staggering under a burden adoption of McAndrew's salary increase, on behalf of the of excessive taxation; and Chicago Principals Club, said: WHEREAS, the enormous and growing deficit of the "We have the recommendation of the Superintend- Board of Education is itself a conclusive argument ent of Schools based upon a study of nearly one against increasing avoidable expenditures until the rev- hundred persons , and finally, the City Council enues to meet these expenditures are first made actually within the past two weeks has unanimously recom- available; mended that the Board of Education adopt the THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that we oppose all schedule ; let me point out that all the figures given efforts to adopt, and to use the City Council's position today to the Board were in the hands of the Schools in favor of salary increases for public school teachers Committee of the City Council, and yet it asked the and other employees when there shall be money to pay Board of Education to adopt the schedule now;" such increases, as an excuse for adopting the McAndrew and salary schedule, or any other schedule, which involves WHEREAS , whether so intended or not, said recom- many millions of dollars additional expenditures until mendation and proposed action thereon, might embarrass , the additional revenues to meet such added expenditures and in a measure defeat, the attempts now being made have been made available . to put upon the Assessors' books the billions of dollars WILEY W. MILLS . Labor Refuses to Endorse McAndrew Salary Schedule Men's Federation Appeals in Vain; Fitzpatrick Assails McAndrew Labor has refused to endorse Superin- Following is a reprint from the Herald- tendent McAndrew's proposed salary increase Examiner of May 2, 1927, regarding the meet- for teachers thru his new salary schedule ing at which James A. Meade, delegate of the which has been referred to the Finance Com- Men's High School Teachers' Federation at- mittee of the Board of Education . At a meeting Sunday, May 1, the Federa- tempted in vain to get the endorsement of the tion of Labor failed to endorse the schedule . Federation of Labor for the schedule : FITZPATRICK ASSAILS McANDREW AT LABOR MEETING Fights Plan to Raise Pay of Teachers ing meetings at which the plan was discussed. In reply Mr. Fitzpatrick declared he had nothing in common Superintendent of Schools William A. McAndrew was with Superintendent McAndrew" and would cross the assailed yesterday before the Chicago Federation of street to avoid him. Labor by its president, John Fitzpatrick. " I am opposed to the McAndrew schedule," said Mr. Mr. Fitzpatrick's remarks followed a vain appeal from Fitzpatrick, "because the Chicago Teachers' Federation James A. Meade, delegate of the Men's High School is against it." Teachers' Federation, for the labor organization to in- A resolution was adopted urging Mayor Thompson to dorse Mr. McAndrew's proposed salary increase for appoint William C. Wayman, member of the Chicago teachers . Printing Pressmen's Union, city athletic commissioner. Mr. Meade criticized Mr. Fitzpatrick for not attend- Chicago Herald- Examiner, May 2, 1927. SUBSCRIPTION MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN to . MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Name . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten Address months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley . (Street and Number) THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 15 Cents. .City LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. Subscription price $2.00 per year. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Phone Central 3904 246 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 Superintendent Lets the Cat Out of the Bag " I Was Brought to Chicago for a Distinct Task-the Loosening of the Hold of This ' Invisible Empire .' ” Newspapers of two weeks ago quoted Super- The Superintendent's alleged utterances at intendent McAndrew as saying, before the the University of Michigan club were made the University of Michigan Club, that he was basis of a resolution presented to the City brought to Chicago to "loosen the hold of an Council by Alderman Mills, April 18, and 'invisible empire' within the schools ." printed in this Bulletin. As the Journal says in an editorial , April Following is the Journal's newspaper ac- 20, 1927, “ This admission lays low the con- count of the meeting at which the Superin- tention long bruited about that Superintend- tendent is quoted in regard to the "Invisible ent McAndrew was selected by the teachers Empire" and also the Journal's editorial, the themselves, or that he was the free choice of newspaper article appearing April 18 and the the Board of Education . " Editorial April 20 : "THE INVISIBLE EMPIRE " newspaper, they obtained the funds with which the Dever administration was able to carry out the greatest school- The row over Superintendent McAndrew is about to building program in the history of the city, if not the free the cat from the bag. His own admission, in his greatest in the history of any city in the world. And the speech before the University of Michigan club, that he flow of funds which enabled the Dever administration to was brought to Chicago "to loosen the hold of an 'in- make its fine record in this respect will enable the visible empire' within the schools" newly illumines his Thompson administration to continue the work now so appointment to the superintendency. This admission well under way. lays low the contention, long bruited about, that Super- intendent McAndrew was selected by the teachers Perhaps the teachers are fighting against the best in- terests of Chicago when they oppose Superintendent themselves, or that he was the free choice of the board McAndrew's plan for raising their wages when no money of education. Add to the superintendent's admission the is in sight to pay them. Or perhaps the teachers are statement made before the Woman's City club by Mrs. guilty of seeking to exert some influence within the pro- M. V. Ayres that he was placed at the head of the fession they practice, thereby being guilty of the crime school system as a result of the interest of a "public of assembly and conference, which, by some new in- spirited body" made up of groups of powerful men in terpretation, is a menace to the safety of education. the clubs , and the angle of view widens . How guilty the teachers are of any bolshevik plan to What was the "invisible empire" whose hold on the sovietize the schools, and how hurtful their activities schools Superintendent McAndrew came to loosen ? have been in multiplying school buildings and reducing If this "invisible empire" was the Teachers' federation, the seating shortage, can be told only by their opponents. what "groups of powerful men" were interested in hav- The public would like to know who some of these op- ing its hold loosened ? ponents are what "powerful men" interested themselves The taxpayers who support the schools and depend in bringing to Chicago an educator "to loosen the hold upon them for the education of their children are en- of the 'invisible empire' within the schools." titled to know what "invisible empire," what "weird, self- -Editorial, Chicago Daily Journal, April 20, 1927. ish system" needed to be extirpated. They are entitled to know who compose the "groups of powerful men" FROM THE NEWS COLUMNS and what exactly their interest was in "getting a finger Superintendent of Schools McAndrew, admitted today into the selection of a superintendent," as Mrs. Ayres that he was brought to Chicago to "steam roller" the said in praise of them. Chicago Teachers' federation. That politicians do engage in unwarranted interfer- He did not mention the organization by name, but ence with the conduct of the schools everyone knows. he referred to it during an address before the University Superintendent McAndrew has discovered this to be so . of Michigan club at luncheon as "an invisible empire" Who else is interfering ? If the interference is political which manifested itself in the school system here by the school board should oppose it; if it is industrial or calling out the teachers from the schools every so often, capitalistic the meddlers should be exposed. gathering them in meetings and having them pass resolu- tions as to how the schools should be conducted and The Teachers ' federation has often been a target of criticism, and has been accused by its opponents of dictating terms of their employment. endangering education in this city. But does it seem Strikes Back at His Critics reasonable to suppose that the teachers, whose interest In the course of his address he struck back at the in the improvement and perpetuity of the schools may be critics in the new municipal administration who are thought to be at least as high and as zealous as any- seeking to oust him, declaring the schools are not for body's interest, would imperil education and their own political exploitation, but to give Chicago's children as livelihood ? Perhaps they were trying to destroy the thorough an education as possible. public school system when, with the assistance of this (Continued on page 255) May 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 247 City May Legally Spend Money for Equitable Appraisal for Taxation Corporation Counsel Says City Is Acting Within Legal Rights The City Council is within its legal rights from Alderman Clark asking the corporation in expending money to obtain an equitable ap- counsel as to the legality of the expenditure of praisal of property for taxation purposes, ac- an appropriation of $85,000 for the work of cording to an opinion given by Leon Hornstein, proper appraisal with a view of equalizing assistant corporation counsel, and subscribed valuations for taxation purposes. to by Samuel A. Ettelson, corporation counsel. Dated April 25, 1927, the opinion is as fol- The opinion was given in reply to a letter lows : CITY OF CHICAGO the City Council will have authority to act, even so far Department of Law as instituting suit to compel the Board of Assessors 511 City Hall to make proper assessment. (38 Corpus Juris 836 ) Such being the case it must follow that the City Council can Telephone Main 0447 take such preliminary steps as it deems necessary to pre- April 25, 1927. vent making improper assessment. Opinion No. 25. While it is true that no one has the right at the pres- In re Expenditure of Money to Secure Equitable Ap- ent time to assume that the Board of Assessors will make praisal of Property for Purposes of Taxation. a quadrennial assessment that is not correct, neverthe- less the experience of the past has demonstrated that the Honorable John S. Clark, Chairman, Committee of Finance . law is not strictly followed in making assessments by Dear Sir: the Boards which are charged with that duty. Some of 1 the members of the Board of Assessors and Board of In reply to your letter of the 22nd instant in which Review have even taken it upon themselves to state that ラ you ask us to give you an opinion as to the legality of they are standing between the taxpayer and public offi- the expenditure of money of an appropriation of $ 85,000 cials who are seeking to impose excessive taxes. The for the work of proper appraisal with a view of equaliz- law does not impose such an obligation on these offices . 1 ing valuations for taxation purposes, we submit the fol- It is in fact very exact in its requirements, and states lowing : that they should value property at its actual value for The primary purpose of the appropriation in question purposes of taxation. Moreover, it is a fact that the City is to secure for the City of Chicago the revenue to which Council has been compelled to take notice of it re- it is justly entitled under the law, and we assume that the peatedly, that real estate valuations for purposes of taxa- point has been raised that by using the money of the tion and valuations of other property have been lower City for purpose of appraisal before and at the time the than the law contemplates. Therefore, it is clearly Board of Assessors is making its survey for the same within the discretion of the City Council to make such purpose, there would result an overlapping of functions modifications as it deems proper at the outset to avoid not contemplated by law. This idea is very likely predi- the possibility of a lower assessment again being made. cated on the theory that we have no right to assume at There are certain passages of the Revenue Act of 1898 this time that there will be anything else but a proper which indicate that the taxing authorities interested may assessment made by the Board of Assessors . In other proceed in such manner as they deem proper to procure words , we take the position that the propriety of assert- assessment according to law. Thus under Section 35, ing the City's rights after an assessment has been made relating to the power of the Board of Review to tax that is looked upon as improper or inadequate cannot property omitted from assessment during previous years, be seriously assailed. Therefore, the only question is there appears the following: what limitation there is on the power of the City to take "For the purpose of enforcing the provisions of steps to secure the proper assessment at the beginning this Act the several taxing bodies interested therein of the work of making a survey for such purposes . are hereby empowered to employ counsel to appear The City Council's authority with respect to the before said Board and take all necessary steps to finances and property of the corporation and the appro- enforce the assessment on such omitted property." priation of money for corporate purposes is very sweep- Again in Section 25 it is stated: ing. In addition to that, by the third clause of Section 1 of Article 5 of the Cities and Villages Act it is given "That the office of the Board of Assessors, County power, Supervisor of Assessments and the County Assessor, "To levy and collect taxes for general and special shall be open all the year during business hours to purposes on real and personal property." hear or receive complaints or suggestions that real The power of the Board of Assessors under which it property has not been assessed at the proper valua- tion." proceeds to value property and make the quadrennial assessment of real estate is contained in Section 12 of There are other provisions of the statute which might the Revenue Act of 1898. There is nothing in that sec- be quoted in this connection indicating that action may tion which in any way prevents the City Council in tak- be taken at any time of the year looking toward a better ing such steps as will assist such Board to make the assessment. Inasmuch as the statute expressly says that proper assessment. If an improper assessment is made, (Continued on Page 255) 248 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 Finance Committee Shows Deficit Confronting City Calls Conference for Relief of Corporate and Educational Funds In the face of a serious deficit confronting an emergency has arisen as a result of the the City of Chicago, the Committee on Finance financial condition of the City, and the confer- in a report submitted to the City Council Mon- ence has been called for the purpose of dis- day, May 2, recommended a conference be- cussing the steps which may be necessary to tween Mayor Thompson, members of his cab- bring about financial relief for the corporate inet designated by him, members of the Board and for the educational fund. The report rec- of Assessors, Board of Review, Board of Edu- ommends that this relief come from equaliza- cation and Committee on Finance . tion of taxable property values . According to the report read by Alderman Following is the report of the Finance Com- Clark, Chairman of the Committee on Finance, mittee : May 2, 1927. to April 6, 1927, there were added appropriations amount- To the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Chicago in ing to $228,356.64, making a total revised budget at April City Council Assembled: 6, 1927, of $55,479,446.77. Your Committee on Finance submits herewith a state- The current corporate revenue for 1927, upon which ment regarding the condition of the City's finances . the 1927 budget was predicated, was estimated by the Comptroller to be $51,893,251.42. This estimate includes The Comptroller's Office has submitted a revised state- $235,000,000.00 of increased valuations for taxing pur- ment of surplus as of December 31 , 1926, which statement, poses. together with information furnished by the Committee on Finance Staff, will serve to explain the situation. It follows that the amount available for expenditure in 1927 will amount to the current revenues less the re- In the Department and Comptroller's Estimate sub- mitted to the City Council for the year 1927, there is ported deficit of December 31 , 1926, of $49,895,784.91 . shown an estimate of the corporate fund balance as of An estimate of the deficit as of December 31, 1927, in- December 31 , 1926, of $2,177,351.99. A recent report from volves a consideration of an increase in valuations for the Comptroller shows that on that date there is a deficit taxing purposes for the year 1927, which at this time is amounting to $1,997,466.51 . This indicates a loss in re- uncertain, as well as the salvage which may be effected sources of $4,174,818.50 as of December 31, 1926, as in the administration of the appropriation bill. follows: In view of this financial condition, an emergency has Loss in Taxes . arisen and it is, therefore, recommended that a confer- $1,177,406.88 Loss in Miscellaneous Revenue ... 1,369,323.40 ence be held and that His Honor, the Mayor, such mem- bers of his cabinet as he may designate, members of the Loss in Salvage ....... 510,505.31 Board of Assessors, of the Board of Review, of the Adjustment of Surplus . 1,117,682.91 Board of Education, and of the Committee on Finance The loss in taxes is by reason of the fact that the be called together with a view toward discussing such Comptroller's estimate of increased values for taxation steps as may be necessary in order to bring about the relief needed to finance the corporate as well as the purposes amounted to $85,000,000.00, whereas the actual, certified, increased values for taxable purposes amounted educational fund, by the equalization of taxable prop- to approximately $8,000,000.00. erty values which will eventually relieve the situation. Loss in miscellaneous revenue was caused by the Respectfully submitted, Comptroller's over- estimating the anticipated, miscel- (Signed) John S. Clark, laneous revenue for 1926 . Chairman. Loss in salvage was due to an estimate of 3.6% as against an actual salvage of 2.6% . Adjustment of surplus account loss was due princi- Start With the Eleventh pally to adjustment of the excess of loss and cost of Young son (to shoe clerk waiting upon his collecting taxes over reserve, and other items . fastidious mother)-"No use showing her the The Committee on Finance presented a budget to the first ten pairs-she won't take ' em." City Council amounting to $55,254,545.13, less anticipated salvage of $ 1,989,160.00, leaving estimated expenditures of $53,265,385.13, and an estimated income of $53,270,603.67 A QUIET DRESSER based upon the Comptroller's original estimate of re- sources and subsequent recommendations as to increased Mrs. Suburb : "Your husband always valuations and increases in miscellaneous revenues . It dresses so quietly." will be noted that the budget recommended to the City Mrs. Travelingman : “Oh, does he ? You Council by the Committee on Finance was within the ought to hear him when he loses his collar estimated revenue certified by the City Comptroller. Up button ." May 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 249 Without Benefit of Counsel Educational Policies Now Emanate From Star Chamber Sessions Where previous school administrations have proceeded The defenseless children have become raw materials in in outlining new educational policies with the assistance a laboratory, subjected to the whim of itinerant "edu- and counsel of the classroom teachers, as voiced through cators" and studied for the possible value of their reac- tions to given tests. their official groups, the Teachers' Councils, the Mc- How far the McAndrew administration has come a Andrew school administration has blundered into so- cropper is perhaps best judged by the opinions of pre- called "educational experiments" like a June bug bump- vious superintendents, by the reports of Councils as they ing into a window pane. existed before they were unceremoniously junked in Behind closed doors and without the benefit of coun- favor of the Superintendent's "hand picked conference" sel, so cherished by previous superintendents, have the and by the expressions of teachers gleaned from the fol- plans of educational procedure been formulated and sub- lowing extracts from the printed volume of the Reports sequently foisted upon the school children of Chicago. of the Elementary Teachers' General Councils : DR . BAGLEY ON COUNCILS The opinion of Dr. W. C. Bagley of Colum- ference room, 7th floor, 460 South State Street. bia University on "Democracy in Education," Superintendent Mortenson introduced Dr. was expressed at a meeting of the General Bagley and invited him to tell the Council Council which met in adjourned session No- what he thought of democracy in education . vember 24, 1922, at 4:30 o'clock in the Con- Dr. Bagley said : Superintendent and members of the Council: It is in- ticularly because you are closest to the problem. You deed a great privilege to come here and look at you and know the feelings of teachers, you know how to reach speak with you and talk to you at the Teachers' Coun- the boys and girls and ought to be best qualified to ad- cil. I won't try to tell you in two minutes what I think vise the public in regard to the policies it should de- of democracy in education. But I can tell you very velop in the school system. And so while it is develop- briefly what I think about teachers' councils, and the ment for you and for me, it also means better develop- teachers' participation in the construction of educational ment for the boys and girls, a better nation and a bet- affairs . ter country. I am very proud of the profession and very I think that it is one of the most important move- proud of the way it is being developed, particularly by ments in education. It is important in two ways . In the teachers' councils, and that movement is spreading the first place, it is a great thing for our profession. I all over the country, and whenever I find it I find it just told Mr. Mortenson as I was coming down from making good. the high school, that insofar as our profession is con- We find that when the public gets the classroom cerned we walked on air. I think we as a profession are teachers to help them in framing policies , the classroom developing in a more hopeful manner. It is good for our teachers give the public every reason to justify their profession, because we can say to the teacher coming choice. I am glad I am with you because I am primarily into it, 'Here is a group of workers who are actively en- a teacher. I always have been. My interest is primarily gaged in constructing the plans and progress and policies in the line of elementary education although I am a of the great profession, and each member of this group teacher in a university, I am teaching in a normal school, who has found himself or herself is going to have some- and teaching teachers who are going to train elementary thing to say in the way of how the profession is going.' teachers . I thank you and thank Mr. Mortenson for And that is a great thing to my mind a great thing allowing me to come in and speak to you. for our policies ; that is why they are justified, not be- From Reports Elementary Teachers' General Council, cause we are teachers and want to run things, but par- Pages 60-61, Printed Volume. INFORMATION AND COMMENT FROM THE SUPER- INTENDENT The elementary Teachers' General Council If we did not have all these organized professional met with the Superintendent at 9 o'clock, Sat- groups, the teachers and others might become panic- stricken. Organized as we are in Chicago, things will urday morning, May 26, 1923, in the Confer- go on just as if nothing had happened so far as the ence Room of the Board of Education, 460 schools are concerned-another argument, if argument South State Street, the Superintendent pre- there need be, in favor of professional organization and siding. professional control of educational matters. The Council In opening the meeting the Superintendent pointed out has already justified itself and no doubt every Board of that the value of having a teachers' council under the Education will feel that to discontinue the Elementary direction and control of educational forces through the Teachers' Council or the High School Teachers' Council advice of educators has been demonstrated in the latest would be decidedly reactionary. violent change in the Board of Education. One of the advantages of the Council system is that 250 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 the Superintendent's office can know definitely how In presenting this report the Superintend- things react upon the teacher who is right out in the ent said : field. The work in this as in all of these manuals From Reports of Elementary Teachers' General Coun- cil, Page 107, Printed Volume. has been contributed by teachers who have PRINT HANDBOOKS IN ENGLISH come down evening after evening, two eve nings or two afternoons a week, after the close At the meeting of the Board of Education, of school, who have put their best efforts and February 7, 1923, Superintendent Mortenson energy to bring this work for the use of the presented the following report : children in their grades, by grade, and I want To the Board of Education : The Superintendent of Schools reports that on De- to take this opportunity, Mr. President, and cember 28, 1921 , report No. 3995, the Board of Education I am sure you will all be glad to join with instructed the Superintendent to prepare the proper and me in expressing my appreciation and your necessary text-books for use in our public schools. appreciation of the unselfish devotion of those Pursuant to the above resolution a committee working teachers who would do that work week after under the supervision has prepared teachers' handbooks week, for those children, with no compensa- in English for the kindergarten, first grade and for sec- tion except the consciousness that they are ond grade. doing something that they believe, and that The Superintendent of Schools recommends that the Business Manager be authorized to print 2,000 copies of we believe, will make the teaching of that the handbook Language and Literature in the kinder- subject more vital and better than it has ever garten; 5,000 copies of the teachers' handbook in Eng- been before. I do not want, Mr. President, lish for the first grade; 5,000 copies of the teachers' to let this pass without expressing my sincere handbook in English for the second grade, all to be appreciation of their efforts in making that charged to the Text-book Fund. contribution to this work, and I know you will Respectfully submitted, be glad to join in that expression of apprecia- PETER A. MORTENSON , tion. Superintendent of Schools . From Report of Elementary Teachers' General Council, Chicago, February 7, 1923. Pages 67-68 , Printed Volume. APPRECIATION OF THE SERVICES OF THE SUPER- INTENDENT The Elementary Teachers' General Council The General Council presented to the Su- met with the Superintendent in the Confer- perintendent the following reports on action ence Room of the Board of Education, 460 taken by the Group Councils at their meetings South State Street, at 9 o'clock, Saturday on December 15, 1922 : morning, January 13, 1923. The following resolution was adopted by all the We recognize that these Councils not only furnish op- Groups : portunity for the development of the initiative of the The Group Councils at their meetings on December 15, teachers through the discussion of educational policies 1922, take this occasion to express their appreciation of and interchange of ideas, but that, by bringing the find- the services rendered to the children of Chicago and to ings of these Councils directly to the Superintendent, the cause of education by Superintendent Peter A. the experience of the classroom teacher is brought to Mortenson who, through the Class - Room teachers' Coun- bear directly on the school system for its improvement. cils, is utilizing for the benefit of the school system the From Report of Elementary Teachers' General Council, collective experience of the class-room teachers, gained Page 69, Printed Volume. by daily personal contact with the children. REPORTS FROM DELEGATES THE PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE STANDARD TESTS BEING GIVEN IN CHICAGO SCHOOLS One of the delegates presented the subject subject content and test teacher and pupil achievement. of standard tests as follows : Teachers are anxious for an answer to these questions. The teachers of Chicago, through the Councils, ask for A candid statement of aims would promote co-operation. information regarding the purpose and scope of the A test used for the purpose of judging teacher and standard tests being given in Chicago schools. The pupil achievement will of necessity influence subject con- teachers also offer several criticisms and suggestions tent. School people, like other human beings, are which they believe to be constructive. strongly inclined to emulation, and quickly respond to Educators are divided in opinion upon the proper con- suggestion in regard to subject matter upon which their tent of standard tests and the actual value of the results work may be judged. Because of its possible influence, obtained. All, I believe, agree that they are in the ex- the subject matter of all tests should be carefully selected perimental stage. It is, therefore, important, that teach- and subjected to the approval and criticism of experts ers know whether Chicago is participating in an educa- in the particular subject to be tested. tional experiment, or using accepted tests to influence In the opinion of many teachers, the recent test in his- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 251 May 15, 1927 tory for 8 -A pupils is very far from meeting this re- argue very well for that sort of thing. Others believe quirement. It bears no trace of awareness of recent that the school is a unit and that a school can do better effort to select the type of subject matter which may be work for a child by having school work than by having properly called social science. It is overwhelmingly a lot of people going around, each insisting on the high- political and military. It takes little account of folk life, est development of his subject. If a test could be de- daily work and neighborly co-operation. vised that would be a test of real all-around achieve- If the tests constitute an effort to find some standard ment, all would be glad. In the meantime intelligence of achievement, the teachers wish to suggest that they tests and achievement tests are interesting merely as a be given in a scientific manner so that they may produce psychological subject. Chicago does not want to be be- records worthy of respect. hind other cities. If there is anything worthy trying There is a sort of wireless means of communication in anywhere, it should be tried here, but merely as an ex- Chicago schools, as in any great organization, by means periment. Chicago ought to be able to say that it is of which teachers are kept informed of what happens giving pedagogical recognition to any experiment that is throughout the system. The teachers know or believe worth while. No record is made of the name of the that the element of personality so entered into the giv- teacher whose class is being tested. The test has no ing of the recent test that they believe it to be value- bearing whatever on the status of the teacher. less as a measure of comparative achievement. From Reports of the Elementary Teachers' General Council, Pages 113-115, Printed Volume . The teachers have no slightest intention to criticise CODE OF ETHICS the individuals in the schools who administered these tests. They do ask that, if Chicago schools propose to That a committee be appointed to draft a Code of engage in a scientific educational experiment, the Bureau Ethics for adoption by the Chicago Elementary Teach- in charge define its aim and conduct the experiment in ers* a manner calculated to command respect for its results. That the General Council provide for a Committee on In reply, the superintendent stated that neither the Adjustment. This committee would function in such efficiency nor intelligence test had ever been used to test cases as salary adjustment when a new schodule has been the efficiency of a teacher. In a large city not far from adopted and teachers have inadvertently been placed in here, the teachers' promotion is determined very largely the wrong group. through the tests of pupils. *This committee was authorized by the General Council, and ap- Many people think that Chicago is very remiss in not pointed by the Chairman. having a large number of people going about from school Page 66, Reports of the Elementary Teachers' Council, Printed to school to make tests of intelligence, etc., and they Volume. Mr. McAndrew's Opinion The management of any school system, by this body mensely superior to that of any person who is running it. before me, would be much more intelligent if the in- The quotation is from a speech which was de- telligence of the whole body were used than if the school livered by a highly distinguished New York edu- system were managed by the most intelligent person in cator, one William A. McAndrew. this audience. For it stands to reason that the in- From Reports of the Elementary Teachers' General Council, telligence of the whole teaching force must be im- Page 159, Printed Volume. Do You Read The Bulletin? Do You Get The Bulletin? Can You Afford To Be Without It? Have You Paid For It? If Not- WILL YOU NOW ? Margaret Haley's Bulletin 127 N. Dearborn St. Subscription Price, $2.00 Central 3904 Make Checks Payable to Margaret Haley's Bulletin 252 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 Teachers are People Shopping with the Bulletin Reprinted from "Teachers Are People," being the Lyrics of Agatha Brown, Sometime Teacher of English in the Hilldale High School. NOT MELLIN FOOD Renewal of last year's advertising contracts In Study Hall today for The Bulletin and the signing of new, de- I took a lurid -back novel pend upon the patronage of the teachers, their Away from Clarice Ritter. families and friends. It was called " The Purple Passion." With their usual loyalty, the teachers have I warned her Not to waste her God-given intellect on such trash, responded and have visited the places of busi- To spend the remainder of the period ness of the Bulletin advertisers, but we have On Pope's Essay on Man. discovered that in many cases the teachers I was about to consign the Passion have not made known to the shop-keepers the To the waste basket, fact that they visited the shop as a result of When a phrase intrigued me; seeing the advertisement in The Bulletin. Ad- I took it home and finished it in bed. vertisers, therefore, have been unable to trace COMMON GROUND the results of their advertising or to accredit I waxed enthusiastic over the gerundive; it to the Bulletin readers . The Bulletin read- I grew eloquent in consideration of mood and voice. ers form the bond between the advertisement When I started in zealously on subjective complements, in The Bulletin and new and increased busi- I saw Mike's eyes feasting hungrily on the hills ness for the advertisers . Whose pine- crested tops he could see through the win- dows . The Bulletin Management Committee, I closed the grammar therefore, is asking ALL the Bulletin readers And I read to the class Keat's Ode on a Grecian Urn. to co-operate in a movement to help the ad- Mike's eyes traveled back from the hilltops vertisers obtain good results from their Bul- And smiled into mine. We had both visioned the vale of Tempe. letin advertising. Will you help by : PROGRESS 1. Clipping out the Bulletin Advertisers' Four years ago the teachers were lecturing about short Shopping List on the reverse side of this dresses, space and keeping it in your purse for ready Last year it was bobbed hair and colored slippers . reference. Every term there seems to be something to harp on- 2. Visiting the shops of five advertisers Something next week, five the following, etc., until you That a few years later have covered the list. We shall be doing ourselves. 3. Saying in each shop that you are a Bulletin reader and saw the ad in The Bul- INTERCEPTED letin. Jimmy sits in the front row; 4. Reporting at the next Federation meet- Across the aisle is Flossie. Today as I turned from the board ing any recommendations or suggestions I intercepted a look, you have to make regarding the advertisers Holy as altar fires, visited. That flamed from youth to youth. 5. Sending to the Bulletin office names of I caught my breath. All afternoon I've felt old and lonesome. prospective advertisers, shops which you pat- ronize and which are not Bulletin adver- VICARIOUS PRAISE tisers, etc. Before the School Bond elections 6. Co-operating in any special task in Teachers receive many pamphlets which the Bulletin Management asks you to From the School Board, Bidding them pass the Good Word help. To parents of their flock; On any advertising contracts which the Asking the teacher's co-operation, teachers solicit, the Bulletin has to pay no Also their after-school hours ; commission. We shall appreciate any adver- Praising their intelligence. tising the teachers can get for the Bulletin. There are pageants, Which the teachers write, We are grateful for your loyalty in help- And costume, ing us get last year's advertisers. Will you And train, help us hold them and get new ones ? Please And put through, do it NOW . BULLETIN MANAGEMENT When the Bonds carry, COMMITTEE The School Board publicly thanks- The children. (Please cut this out and carry in your bag for ready reference.) 1 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 253 May 15, 1927 BARNARD & MILLER Stop to Shop Law &Commercial Printers 172 N. LA SALLE STREET // CHICAGO - BEAUTY SHOPS TelephoneFRAnklín 0562 Hoefer, 213 McJunkin Bldg. CAMPS TEACHERS American Schools Assn., 17 N. State Street You are cordially invited to refer your students to us for Mrs. James Hunter, Ekalaka, Mont, beginning or review work in shorthand, typewriting, book- keeping. They are assured private instruction by competent CORSETS teachers . Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street We can prepare you to instruct in shorthand, typewriting and bookkeeping. Our correspondence courses will help you DRESSES prepare. SHORTHAND COACH SCHOOL Bains, 1224 Stevens Building MYRTLE M. VOSS Greene's, 230 S. Michigan Avenue 101-3-4-5 Auditorium Building 431 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Wabash 3732; Harrison 1995 Johnson and Harwood, 37 S. Wabash Avenue FLORISTS Streiff and Dagobert—3211 W. Madison Street SLAVIAN SCHOOLS HARD HIT BY CUPID FRENCH LESSONS Mme. Bertha D. Bourdeau, Capitol Bldg . Spinster "school marms ” are at a premium FURS in Jugo-Slavia. Recently there has been such John J. Moran, 58 E. Washington Street a high "mortality rate" from cupid's arrows Thos. McElroy, 17 N. State Street F. Ranke- Room 309, Capitol Building that the government has taken the matter in HATS SHAPED hand. The minister of education issued a de- Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching-12 N. cree that henceforth no woman school teacher Michigan Avenue may marry without his consent and further PERMANENT WAVE A. G. Heding, 15 E. Washington Street ruled that under no circumstances may a wo- PRINTERS man teacher marry a man who is also a school Barnard and Miller-172 N. La Salle Street teacher. RESTAURANTS -Journal of Education . Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street SHOES MODERN WAY TO BREAK UP PARTY Ray Parker, 162 N. State Street Red Cross Shoes, 53 W. Madison Street A New Jersey resident recently wrote to a SHORTHAND REPORTER New York radio broadcasting station and George Johnson, 1105 Ashland Block SUMMER HOTELS stated that he was planning to hold a radio Malloy Hotel, Boulder, Colorado party at his home on a certain night. He re- SUPERFLUOUS HAIR quested that at 11:45 p. m. the selection Louise B. Everett, 17 N. State Street TEA ROOM "Show Me the Way to Go Home ” be played at Julia King-122 N. Dearborn Street the station . TOURS -Journal of Education. Burlington Railroad, 547 W. Jackson Blvd. Canadian Pacific, Stevens Bldg. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, 630 Marquette Bldg. NICE MAN ! Mrs. A. Baron, 5154 S. Parkway Doctor - "Your husband needs complete French Line, 109 N. Dearborn Street Louise Gaston, 5315 Ellis Avenue rest. I will prescribe a sleeping draught." Hubbell , 19 S. La Salle Street Wife-" When shall I give it to him ?” Marnell, 105 W. Monroe Street Doctor-“Don't give it take it. " Northwestern and Union Pacific R. R's . -Journal of Education . Sanger Tours, 17 N. La Salle Street SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C. " SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS ORSETS A CONVERSATION FRANCAISE ARNELL TOURS Gossard Corsets Learn to speak French fluently with EUROPE- HAWAII-ALASKA C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison experienced and successful native French teachers. for exam. We also prepare Mme. Bertha D. Bourdeau Room 1528 , Capitol Bldg. M Independent and Escorted Tel . State 6593 Suite 1202 105 W. Monroe St. After 6 P. M.: Rogers Park 1579 Lake View 8140 NOR SPACE RATES USIC All JOURS. conducted tours through Europe. Schools For these Snappy Little Ads Select Standard and Student visiting 8 F Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Phone Central 3904 M -learn in which schools Bd . ofEd. credits are best reached by Chi- cago teachers . Apply American Schools Association 17 No. State St. Tel . Central 6648 T countries. Shorter trips may be arranged for. Price including ocean passage from $365 upward. For further information address MRS . A. BARON , 5154 South Parkway, 1404. Chicago, III. Phone: Drexel 254 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 ONLY LIGHTWEIGHT TEACHERS NEED TEACHERS APPLY Rest and play this summer in an exclusive ranch home at a The Salmon River School of Northern Cali- minimum cost. Scenery, cool climate, horseback riding, best of home- cooked food. fornia makes weight the governing factor in ALL FOR $25.00 A WEEK Reference, Miss Margaret McCoy, Fairfax 1496, Chicago. the choice of a teacher. Applicants are re- MEDICINE ROCK LODGE quired to state their weight and too much Ekalaka, Montana STOP ON YOUR WAY TO THE N. E. Α. avoirdupois automatically stamps the applica- tion "unsatisfactory." The reason is that the school is situated in the mountains far from a road. Going or coming, the trip must be made Thos. E. McElroy Co. across snow-covered divides on muleback. Ex- STEVENS BLDG. perience has proved to the satisfaction of both FINE FURS guide and mule that heavy teachers are a - Repairing Remodeling-Storage We Call for Storage source of trouble, so the board adopted the STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 policy of engaging physical lightweights. Journal of Education, June 24, 1926, page 706. TEACHERS ' WAR OPENS IN ENGLAND War to a finish has been declared by the French Line schoolma'ams of Britain because of a recent Now you cannot afford not to go to Europe Tourist III Cabin Round Trip Rate $177 resolution by the English schoolmasters that no male teacher should serve under a woman Company's Office 109 N. Dearborn St. principal. In a public announcement the Na- tional Union of Women Teachers aver they TEACHERS !! My LetMe Give You Personal Attention welcome the " sex warfare” resolutions of the SUPERFLUOUS HAIR Schoolmasters' Association, " as we now know Removed by Multiple Electrolysis exactly where we stand, and by organizing our GUARANTEED PERMANENT AND SATISFACTORY forces we shall the more easily be able to re- LOUISE B. EVERETT Personal Service sist this belated effort to stem the tide." The 17 N. State Street-Dearborn 5277 women teachers are backed up in their stand by the Women's Freedom League, Lady Fran- Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 3994 ces Balfour and other women of prominence. GEORGE W. JOHNSON Journal of Education, June 24, 1926, page 707. SHORTHAND REPORTER 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago JUNE COLD WEATHER SHUTS BOSTON SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND SCHOOL REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers ' Federation Cold weather on June 7 closed a Boston, Mass., school. Miss Gertrude E. Dudley, prin- cipal of the John Marshall School, called a "Education Through Travel in Europe" conference of teachers, after an hour of shiver- We offer tours from $245 and upwards. Tours providing promotional credits. French Tour of 36 days for $385 affords French instruction ing in the unheated rooms, and it was decided before departure at no additional cost. to dismiss the pupils for the day. This is be- Special Terms to Teachers on Deferred Payments: One-Half Cash and Balance Monthly. lieved to be the first time in the history of Bos- Address: EARL B. HUBBELL COMPANY ton schools that cold weather caused a closing Tel . Dearborn 3567 Chicago, Illinois 19 South La Salle St. in June. Journal of Education, June 24, 1926, page 706. EUROPE Five countries ALL expense FAMOUS AND ONLY CHICAGO back to CHICAGO Mrs. Newriche ( patronizingly) —“Were any $495.00 of your ancestors men of note, Mr. Cynic ?" Prices on all other European and Domestic Tours , compare favorably with this one. Mr. Cynic "Yes, Madam, I should say so. Phones Main 2358 Franklin 3985 SANGER TOURS 17 N. La Salle St. Established 1909 One of them was the most famous admiral of his day and commanded the allied forces of the world ." 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR Mrs. Newriche ( with altered tone of deep Buy from one who KNOWS values, respect)-"Is it possible ? And what was his and will give you an honest deal name ?" F. RANKE FUR CO . Second floor Capitol Bldg. Mr. Cynic "Noah, madam. " 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5531 -Journal of Education . May 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 255 CITY CAN SPEND MONEY 2 (Continued from page 247 ) suggestions may be made to the Board of Assessors at ENRICI'S is famous no less any time that real property has not been assessed at its proper valuation, any attempt to limit this power in such H for the enduring and deep a way that it cannot include a suggestion as to the future would be drawing an exceedingly fine line. The possi- friendships it has won than bility of premature action on the part of the City is not controlling, so far as its power is concerned. This was for the quality of the foods practically decided in the case of Goggin vs. State Board of Equalization, 191 Illinois, 528, where it was contended it serves and for the great that no writ of mandamus should be asked for until the Board had concluded its labors. The Supreme volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- Court held that it was proper to apply for such writ on day, before the matinee, it is the great the facts presented, which showed that the Board had done nothing in the furtherance of a request made, even central meeting place. though it still had time to act. We are informed the appropriation made in the pres- ent instance contemplates such an investigation as will enable the City to render substantial assistance to the Board of Assessors in its work, and at the same time, if the plan to give the Board of Assessors information on which it can act is successfully carried out the City will HENRICI'S be relieved of the expense of the investigation later on WM. M. COLLINS , PRESIDENT and the cost of attorneys and litigation to enforce its rights. Thus it will merely pay at this time money for pur- 67 W. Randolph St. poses which can be more effectually accomplished now than later, and since there can be no question about its Between Dearborn and Clark Streets rights to use money at a later time to enforce its de- mands, it is clearly within its rights at the present time in taking preliminary steps and resorting to measures in advance which will accomplish the results that it is law- No orchestral din fully authorized to bring about. Yours very truly, (Signed) LEON HORNSTEIN, schools , a weird system, a selfish system, doing every- Assistant Corporation Counsel. thing to indicate a selfish purpose and demanding the Approved: right to govern the schools. J. W. B. "Although the grip of this invisible empire has been SAMUEL A. ETTELSON, loosened, it seems now that it is trying to regain its lost Corporation Counsel. control. LH: IC. "The people of Chicago can not afford to let this weird group come back and dominate school affairs SUPERINTENDENT LETS CAT OUT again." "The purpose of the school system is not to provide (Continued from page 246) positions for teachers and superintendents," Mr. Mc- Then Mr. McAndrew uttered a direct defy to Mayor Andrew continued, "nor for the furtherance of any other Thompson, who made a campaign pledge to oust Mc- political scheme." Andrew for spreading unpatriotic propaganda in the Not only is municipal interference in the schools en- schools. tirely unwarranted by law, but Chicago is the only city "The purpose of the schools is not to further any pol- in Illinois, and one of the few in the country, where ap- itical scheme," said Mr. McAndrew, himself a University pointments made by the mayor have to be ratified or of Michigan alumnus. "Interference with the schools by confirmed by members of the council, Mr. McAndrew municipal officials is contrary to law." pointed out. "Purely a State Function" The University of Michigan club indorsed Mr. Mc- "The schools," he continued, "are purely a state func- Andrew strongly, passing unanimously a resolution ex- tion. Their duties and their authority and their very pressing its confidence in him. existence come not from municipal officials but from the -Chicago Daily Journal, April 18, 1927. state, and they are controlled wholly under state law. "When I left Brooklyn, N. Y., for Chicago, my friends here advised me against the move, declaring I'd not last THE GAY CITY LIFE longer than five weeks. "I knew full well what I had to do here, and I did not Fortune Teller—“You are going on a jour- think I'd last that long," and here he smiled. "But I ney and you will meet with good fortune." have lasted a little longer and I may be overdue now." Motorist ( eagerly ) — “You mean when I Came to Shake "Invisible Empire" drive downtown tomorrow, I will find a place "I was brought to Chicago for a distinct task-the to park ? "-Judge. loosening of the hold of this 'invisible empire' within the -Journal of Education . 256 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 15, 1927 TheTriple Lure for half a million Authentic Modes summer sightseers At Equable GLACIER PARK Prices Make your Pacific Northwest trip this summer that real An off- the-boulevard shop vacation you have promised for the young Miss and yourself. Woman who desires to dress youthfully , who It costs nothing extra to go prefers quality, leisurely or return via Scenic Colorado. selection , utmost in value, YELLOW- STONE and the " one price" sys- Stop off at Magic Yellow- tem. stone and visit the Glacier Park mountain-world. Both Frocks and Gowns are right on the way to Seattle. $25 to $ 100 COLORADO Dress and Sport Coats Let us explain how readily a com- $25 to $200 prehensive tour to the Rockies may be had in connection with Reduction Now Offered any trip to the Pacific Northwest. Johnson &Harwood Burlington 37 South Wabash Ave. BURLINGTON TRAVEL BUREAU 3d Floor, N. E. Corner Monroe 179 West Jackson Street, WABash 4600 Route J. R. Van Dyke, General Agent CHICAGO WHAT IS MORE PRACTICAL, MORE USE- So much to see FUL THAN A WATCH ? AND WHAT So much to do WILL SERVE SO WELL THROUGH ‫الا‬ FUTURE YEARS AS A REMINDER OF YOUR AFFECTION ? at Lake ............ 2 2345 0887 Louise Gay, colorful groups from all 'round the world loung- ing about the luxurious White Gold filled 25-year case, 15 Jewel movement, a Chateau. Neptunes, slip- ..$15.00 dependable watch ping in and out of a nicely 18K White Solid Gold case, 15 Jewel movement ..... 21.00 warmed pool. The khaki- clad, out on the heaven. bent trails, afoot, ahorse and amotor. Music. Danc HARRY J. BABY ing. Glamorous nights.... ! And always, that sapphire mirror with its dazzling glacier behind and its COMPANY golden poppies in front. Incomparable experience JEWELERS Lake Louise ! Incomparable hosts Canadian Pacific! You'll come some time. Room 703, Heyworth Bldg. Come this year. 29 East Madison Street The beautiful new Full information, descrip- out-door swimming tive literature, on request pool. from Telephones: Thos. J. Wall, General Agent Randolph 0218-0219 71 E. Jackson Blvd., near Michigan Straus Bldg., Chicago, III. Platinum and Diamond Jewelry Telephone Wabash 1904 Jewelry Remodeled in Platinum Stock Mountings in Platinum and White Gold Watches and Gold Jewelry Stationery and Engraving Silverware Canadian Pacific Watch and Jewelry Repairing World'sGreatest Travel System 27 '27 S h g . s u e s no Ju or Au is VOL. NO. IV MargaretHaley's 14 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill. June 15, 1927 THE STRUGGLE Edgar A. Guest He is dead who sees nothing to change, No wrong to make right; Who travels no new way or strange In search of the light. Who never sets out for a goal That he sees from afar, But contents his indifferent soul With things as they are Bulletin of Milwaukee Teachers' Association . March, 1927 . 278 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 JOHN J. MORAN Inc. is making an early offering of Fur Coats for Fall of 1927 at lowest prices of the year So many go away on vacations and return after Summer Sales are over. So offer this opportunity to purchase at a saving of 20% to 30 %. Prices are advancing. A deposit will reserve coat until fall. You are cordially invited. SOME SPECIALS ARE AS FOLLOWS Hudson Seal, dyed Muskrat-$295, $325, $350, $375, $400, $450, $500. American Opossum Coats-$95, $ 110, $ 125. Black Caraculs with all different trimmings-$ 150, $ 185, $ 225, $ 350, $450, $ 500. Jap Mink and Jap Weasel-$400, $425, $ 450, $ 475, $ 500, $ 600. Call as Soon as You Can and Get First Choice Repair and Remodel Early JOHN J. MORAN , Inc., 58 East Washington Street UR stock offers rare inducements to those Ο in search of appropriate wedding gifts , attractive souvenirs for bridesmaids and ushers , and presents suitable for graduation. GREENE'S If you would choose gifts for their conventional 230-234 S. Michigan Ave. elegance, their correctness and beauty, you will find them here at an unusually low price, with Near Jackson the added value of exclusiveness and exquisite workmanship. NOW IN PROGRESS- We cordially invite you to look over our stock, in which are all the novel and charming things Our to be had in jewelry, silverware, watches, cos- tume jewelry, card prizes, bags , and monogram and wedding stationery. A competent sales person will conserve your time. Spring Clearance Sale HARRY J. BABY COMPANY Offering Our Entire Stock of Frocks , Coats and JEWELERS Fur Coats at Room 703, Heyworth Bldg. 29 East Madison Street Telephones : Drastic Reductions Randolph 0218-0219 Platinum and Diamond Jewelry Our Regular 10% Jewelry Remodeled in Platinum TEACHERS DISCOUNT Stock Mountings in Platinum and White Gold Watches and Gold Jewelry is allowed even on Stationery and Engraving Silverware Reduced Merchandise Watch and Jewelry Repairing MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol. 4. No. 14 June 15, 1927 Page 279 Culture Versus Standardization Mastery Versus Misery Which ? Excerpts from a speech by Supt. R. J. Condon, given at Excerpts from Annual Report of Supt. Wm. McAndrew, meeting of Department of Superintendence, Dallas Texas, June 30, 1926. Standard School, pp. 36-37 March 1, 1927 Reading ( Standard 80%)-At the completion of each Teach reading, writing and arithmetic, of course, but grade, pupils should be able to reach standard score on not as fundamentals, except as in the learning one is accepted standardized tests. taught to read fine things, to write beautiful thoughts, Penmanship ( Standard 100%)-All pupils completing and to know that in the fundamentals of life the sum of grades 6, 7, 8 should habitually write with a quality on one's happiness can not be obtained by subtracting from the Ayers' Scale equal or better than the following : others; and that the way to multiply the value of one's Grades 6-50. possessions is to divide them with others, especially with Grades 7-55. those in need. Grades 8-60 . Arithmetic Fundamentals ( 100%) . Arithmetic Reasoning ( 100 % ) . Teach geography, but only that to world knowledge (Geography omitted in Plan in Superintendent's An- may be added world sympathy and understanding and nual Report for rating Standard School.) fellowship. Teach history, that against its gray background of (History omitted in Plan in Superintendent's Annual suffering and sorrow and struggle we may better the Report for rating Standard School. ) present and may project a finer future. Teach civics, to make strong ideals of liberty and jus- Citizenship ( Standard 80%)-At the end of the 6th tice, and to make free through obedience, the citizens grade in school each pupil should have to his credit 100 of a republic. distinct services which he has rendered during the year to his home, the school and the community. Record of services should be certified by the teacher. Teach art, music and literature; reveal beauty and Music ( Standard 80 % )-"After the 6th grade, every truth, inculcate social and civic ideals. public school boy and girl should be able to stand and without hesitation render in clear tones from notes on the staff music of the difficulty of "The Minstrel Boy.” (Art and literature omitted in Plan in Superintendent's Annual Report for rating Standard School.) Teach that which gives intelligence and skill; but for- Any school reaching the standard of the twelve speci- get not soul culture, for out of this comes the more fications will be rated as a standard school. abundant life bringing forth the fruits of the spirit. These are the real fundamentals in education for " Char- acter is higher than intellect." Place the emphasis where it belongs on the things that "You have the hand of iron. Use it." make for right and noble living. (Direction given to principals at meeting with su- perintendent on March 4, as quoted in Chicago Tribune of March 5, 1927.) 280 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 From the Masthead by The Lookout AN OPEN LETTER To Samuel A. Ettelson, Corporation Counsel of the City of Chicago: Springfield, Ill. , June 15, 1927. To Mr. Samuel A. Ettelson, Corporation Counsel of the City of Chicago : "Miss Haley presumes to represent and speak for organized labor. I am advised that Last night, June 14, a reporter for the Chicago she has a grossly exaggerated opinion of the Tribune, who was in Springfield reporting the weight of her voice. Perhaps she thinks the Legislature, called me on the telephone at my trade unions place greater faith in her oppo- hotel in Springfield and told me he had received sition to the bills than they do in the en- dorsements the measures have received from instructions from his paper to ask me what reply labor leaders . I wished to make to the statement printed in the Tribune yesterday morning in which my name "When big business men and organized was used.. As the edition of the Tribune that labor join in approving a revenue measure, it's pretty safe to quit hunting for jokers." reached Springfield contained no reference to me and neither I nor the reporter had seen any other As I read the threat in this statement of June edition, I refrained from comment. 14, 1927, that salaries of the teachers of Chicago will be cut unless they stop supporting the op- This morning, June 15, I received by mail a position to the proposed plan to hand over to clipping from yesterday's Chicago edition of the Tribune of the article referred to. It contains the City's Corporate Fund 40c of the Dollar tax quotations from a statement which the Tribune rate which was voted by the people of Chicago says was issued over the signature of an attache less than four years ago to build schools for the of the Mayor's office. As the quotations state children, and unless they stand for the transfer essentially the criticism of me implied in the of another 40c of that Dollar to the Educational statement you made to the Revenue Committee Fund when they assured the people of Chicago of the House on June 14, the same day the state- not a penny of that Dollar would ever be used ment appeared in the Tribune, I have assumed for salaries, I am reminded of the threatening you are the inspiration, if not the writer, of the letter I received from the then attorney of the statement given to the Tribune. Board of Education just six years ago at the time The Tribune says : a Bill that had passed the House and was pend- "Miss Haley, in fighting the bills, accord- ing in the Senate would have permitted the sale ing to the statement, is figuratively sawing of the children's School Fund Lands without the off the limb on which she sits. consent of the City Council. "Miss Haley has been trying for a long That threatening letter six years ago stated time to justify her job with the school teach- that if the teachers continued to oppose the pass- ers and she finally has placed herself in the age of the School Lands Sales Bill they would position of sponsoring a 20 per cent salary suffer a cut of $500,000 from their salaries, a cut cut for them," the statement asserted. " I think Miss Haley is out of luck in her ef- of approximately 10 per cent instead of the 20 forts to defeat the bills. If she does succeed per cent cut threatened now . It is a matter I know she will be out of luck with the of public record that a special meeting of the teachers . Chicago Teachers' Federation was held at the 1 June 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 281 Olympic Theater on May 26, 1921 , at which I I presented that letter to the members of the presented the threat of six years ago to the teach- Revenue Committee of the House yesterday, in ers who packed the Olympic Theater. The answer to your statement before the House Rev- teachers unanimously voted to continue their enue Committee regarding the attitude of organ- opposition to that School Land Sales Bill. It ized labor on this bill. I am printing the letter was defeated in the Legislature and the provision in full elsewhere in this issue of the Bulletin, protecting that school fund which requires the marked " Exhibit A. " It disposes, also of the consent of the City Council for the sale of school paragraph in the statement which appeared yes- lands still remains in the law. terday in the Tribune on the attitude of organ- ized labor. You will probably remember, Mr. Ettelson, I also refer you, Mr. Ettelson, to the letter that there was not only a dead bill in the Legisla- against Senate Bill 575 printed on page 290 ture at Springfield that year but also another marked " Exhibit B. " This letter was author- dead Bill in Chicago for whom there was no few dead candidates for ized by the Chicago Teachers' Federation at its resurrection, and a meeting on June 11 , is signed by me on behalf Judge. Due to the fact that you were the Sena- tor who moved to have the School Lands Sales of the Federation, and was delivered today to every Representative . bill reported out of the Committee on Education In lieu of another Olympic Theater meeting with the recommendation that it do pass, your of the teachers, I am taking the only means avail- picture and that of the attorney for the Board of able to present to the teachers of Chicago all the Education appeared in the Chicago papers after facts and documents that can be crowded into the Olympic Theater meeting, together with a the limited space of this last issue of the Bulletin photographic reproduction of the $500,000 threat- for the school year. They will be, I think, com- ening letter. When you were complaining that plete enough for a full understanding of the pro- the newspaper articles at that time unjustly in- posed Revenue program as it affects the school volved you in the matter, you made the remark children of Chicago . A copy of this Bulletin will to me, “I told Bill Bither to lay off that bill until be mailed to every teacher in Chicago before after the Judicial election." school closes on June 24, and a pre-print of this The teachers' defeat of that bill did not bring portion placed in the hands of every member of the threatened cut in their salaries . On the con- the Legislature . trary, teachers' salaries in Chicago were in- I hope that when this Legislature adjourns, creased in September of the next year, 1922, out Mr. Ettelson, the Dollar tax rate for the chil- of Revenue provided by that Legislature with- dren's school building fund, voted by the people of out "raiding" either the children's School Fund Chicago four years ago will remain in that part Lands or their School Building tax rate . of Section 189 of the school law which applies to Chicago as it remains in that part of Section 189 If, however, fighting Senate Bill 575 means I that refers to the State outside of Chicago . am "sawing off the limb on which I sit," Mr. Ettelson, then I say to you as I said to the At- At a meeting of the Senate Committee on Rev- torney for the Board of Education who sent the enue held in the Senate Chamber at two o'clock letter threatening the teachers six years ago, "Lay on ! Macduff." on May 24, you, Mr. Ettelson, presented the financial program, embodied in the 87 bills, intro- Insistent rumors that the Legislature will hold duced in both houses on May 17, known as the over during next week, which is the last week of "Bonding Bills." In that program you included school in Chicago, make it impossible to call an- your " Key Bill," Senate Bill 446 (House Bill other Olympic Theater meeting of the Chicago 631) to raise the assessed valuation of property Teachers ' Federation or such a meeting would be throughout the State from one-half to full value, called to give the teachers a third opportunity to and the 86 companion bills cutting the tax rates say whether they wish to continue the fight down to one-half of their present rates in order against Senate Bill 575, of which the Chicago to keep the tax rates unchanged. Federation of Labor said in its letter to the mem- As part of that revenue program, you also pre- bers of the Legislature on June 11 : sented on that day the proposal to abolish the Dollar tax rate for the school Building Fund of "The Chicago Federation of Labor urges the defeat of Senate Bill 575. This bill raids Chicago. In order not to misquote you, Mr. the School Building Fund of the Chicago Ettelson, I print elsewhere in this issue the type- * * *" school children. written memoranda given to me at noon that 282 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 day by Mr. Leon Hornstein, Assistant Corpora- dicates that the amendment was drafted from tion Counsel, explaining this phase of the rev- printed House Bill 374 without comparing it with enue program Exhibit . (Exhibits "D" and "E," the law. pages 285 and 286.) This amendment proposed to increase the Edu- When I asked Mr. Hornstein at noon that day cational Fund tax rate from $1.92 to $2.32 and what bills would be introduced to split the 80c the Building Fund tax rate of One Dollar was of the school Building Fund tax rate between wiped out entirely. I discovered, too, that ac- the City Corporate Fund and the Educational cording to this amendment the provision in the Fund, he informed me that no bill would be intro- present law (which is also in House Bill 374) duced but that the splitting would be accom- requiring the Board of Education to pay the cost plished by introducing an amendment to House of " repairs, improvements, and benefits" to build- Bill 374 and, another amendment to House Bill ings out of the Building Fund was to be stricken 438, when these Bills were called up for second out of the law by striking it out of House Bill reading in the House. I asked him for copies of 374. That part of Section 189 of the School Law these amendments and he gave me the typewrit- House Bill 374 was to amend, is printed here ten memoranda containing these amendments . and marked Exhibit "C." Both of these bills were then on the calendar for second reading in the House and there would, I asked Mr. Hornstein how it was proposed to therefore, be no opportunity for discussion on pay the cost of repairs and improvements to these amendments except by members of the buildings if that proposed amendment to House House. I realized that no one except members Bill 374 were adopted. Mr. Hornstein replied, of the Legislature would have any opportunity "Out of the Educational Fund." I then informed to present objections to these amendments be- Mr. Hornstein that the Proceedings of the Board cause there would be no Committee hearing on of Education show that the cost of "repairs , im- matters introduced as amendments to bills on provements, and benefits" paid out of the Build- second reading. ing Fund in 1926 amounted to nearly $3,000,000- I had no time then to spend demurring to this to be exact, $2,913,881 —which is approximately objectionable method of shutting out discussion one-half of the tax rate increase to be added to by amending pending bills on second reading in- the Educational Fund by the proposed increase stead of introducing new bills which would auto- in the tax rate of that fund from $1.92 to $2.32. matically go to a committee for a hearing. I (Proceedings, January 26, 1927, page 769.) spent all my noon time examining the copy of In other words, Mr. Ettelson, while adding 40c the proposed amendment to House Bill 374 given to the tax rate for the Educational Fund, the me by Mr. Hornstein only an hour before the proposed amendment to House Bill 374, your Senate Revenue Committee was to meet. (This method of "splitting 50-50," if adopted, would amendment is printed here as "Exhibit D. " ) deduct the cost of repairs from the Educational House Bill 374 amends a number of sections Fund, leaving a net increase of only about 20c in of the school law, among them Section 189, the the Educational Fund tax rate. On the other Section which provides the tax rates for the hand, your proposed amendment to House Bill school Building Fund and the Educational Fund 438 would give the city Corporate Fund a full both for the City of Chicago and also for the 40-cent increase in its tax rate; that is, from $1.85 school districts outside of Chicago . ( Exhibit C. ) to $2.25, with no deductions therefrom. The only change in Section 189 that House The cost of repairs was paid out of the Educa- Bill 374 would make in the present law is found tional Fund for all the years of Chicago's his- in the second line , where the word " seven" is tory until 1909. Then the Board of Education, changed to " eight, thereby changing the legal principals, teachers, and engineers, working school year from seven months to eight months . together, secured from the Legislature the pres- With this exception and the correction of a typo- ent law requiring this expenditure to be paid graphical error in the printed Bill, noted at the out of the Building Fund. Chicago was many end of line 42 of the Bill, these 42 lines are iden- years behind the rest of the State in getting that tical with the same lines in the present law. provision of the law changed, and it is signifi- The fact that the amendment you brought cant that in attempting to transfer the cost of from Chicago to be inserted in House Bill 374 repairs back to the Educational Fund no attempt on second reading reproduces the serious error was made to tamper with that provision for the found in the printed copy of that Bill, which rest of the State. The Chicago teachers, prin- is not in the original bill as introduced, in- cipals , and engineers who went through the cam June 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 283 paign in 1909 to get the cost of repairs trans- pairs. In addition thereto the bill provides for ferred to the Building Fund can best appreciate the levy of a sufficient tax to pay the principal how I felt when I found that in your amendment of and interest on bonds to build schools and to House Bill 374 you actually proposed to undo buy sites. This is the second "joker" in your the work done eighteen years ago, and shift the original school revenue program, Mr. Ettelson, 0,2 burden of repairs back to the Educational Fund. and it is also a part of the new Senate Bill 575. This "joker" lies in the undetermined question After you finished presenting your Revenue as to whether the Chicago Board of Education program to the Senate Revenue Committee that can issue and sell bonds . See Greenacre Mem- afternoon of May 24, and after some speakers for orandum . Exhibit H, page 287. best and against your program had followed you, but others, including myself, were still waiting to be "Joker" number two gives the School Children heard, the Chairman of the Revenue Committee of Chicago a lawsuit instead of a school building announced that the Committee would have to fund. adjourn as the hour of four o'clock had arrived Official records show that there are 53,000 and the Senate was to convene at that hour. children now in the Chicago schools without It was then that I arose and explained to the seats in a school building and 11,000 new Committee what I had learned at noon from Mr. children are added every year. Until the Hornstein and tried to explain the details out- Board's power is definitely settled by the lined here in regard thereto, including my dis- Board's issuing some bonds and securing a Su- the covery that your proposal, Mr. Ettelson, to in- preme Court decision in regard to their legality, crease the Educational Fund tax rate 40c would it is fool-hardy to abolish the School Building actually increase it only about 20c on account of Fund tax rate of One Dollar. You have admitted the provision in your amendment to transfer the that neither you nor any other lawyer can say in cost of repairs to the Educational Fund. advance of a Supreme Court decision whether 2% the Board of Education of Chicago can issue In the informal conference held at your re- and sell bonds to build schools . quest after the adjournment of the Revenue Committee on May 24, I told you, Mr. Ettelson, In reply to the statement from the Tribune ニン that your school revenue plan, your so- called of yesterday, quoted above, that "when big busi- ness and organized labor join in approving a "50-50" split, was a lemon handed to the people revenue measure, it's pretty safe to quit hunt- of Chicago . I presented fully my objections to the school revenue part of your program, to the ing for “jokers ” , I reply that neither this experi- Committee of the Whole May 25. After that ence nor that of six years ago, warrants me to hearing before the Senate Committee of the quit "hunting for jokers" in Senate Bill 575 ‫ال‬ even if it should happen to pass the Legislature Whole, you abandoned your plan of amending and reach the Governor. pending bills . As to the teachers, when it comes to a question The following week, Tuesday, May 31, a new of my being " out of luck" with them or the bill, Senate Bill 575, was introduced in the Sen- children being "out of luck" with the possible ate and an identical bill ( No. 750) in the House . loss of their school Building Funds, I will take Senate Bill 575 makes provision for a 20- cent my chances in trusting the interests and welfare Building Fund tax rate and retains the provision of the children of Chicago to the informed judg- in the present law which requires the cost of ment and conscience of the teachers of Chicago. repairs to be paid out of the Building Fund. That "joker" in the first revenue program does not ap- pear in Senate Bill 575. But the 20-cent Building Fund tax rate pro- vided in that bill will pay only the cost of re- Morgen A. Haly 284 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 55th G. A. HOUSE BILL No. 374 1927 1 Introduced by Mr. Weiss, March 30, 1927. 2 Read by title, ordered printed and referred to Committee on Education. [The words underlined in this bill were to be omitted in the proposed amendment to this Bill printed on opposite page] A BILL For an Act to amend sections 114, 115, 127, 144, 189, 274, and 275 of "An Act to establish and maintain a system of free schools," approved June 12, 1909, as amended. * Exhibit C Pages 8 and 9 Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly : * * * * * Sec. 189. For the purpose of establishing and supporting free schools for 2 not fewer than [ seven] eight months in each year and defraying all the ex- 3 penses of the same of every description; for the purpose of building, repairing 4 and improving schoolhouses , or procuring school land, furniture, fuel, libraries 5 and apparatus and for all other necessary incidental expenses in each district, 6 village or city, having a population of two hundred thousand or more inhabi- 7 tants, the directors, the board of education and the authorities of such district, 8 village or city, as the case may be, shall be authorized to levy a tax annually up- 9 on all the taxable property of the district, village or city not to exceed, except 10 as hereinafter stated, one and 92/100 per cent for educational purposes and 11 three- quarters of one per cent for building purposes , and the purchase of 12 school grounds, ( exclusive of taxes levied for the purpose of free text book tax, 13 school playground tax and public school teachers' pension and retirement fund 14 tax) upon the valuation to be ascertained by the last assessment for State and 15 county taxes; provided, that any sum expended or obligations incurred for the 16 improvement, repair or benefit of school buildings and property shall be paid 17 from the portion of the tax levied for building purposes and the purchase of 18 school grounds. Provided, however, that if the directors or board of education in 19 any such district, village or city shall desire to levy or cause to be levied in any 20 one year (exclusive of taxes levied for the purpose of free text -book tax, school 21 playground tax and public school teachers' pension and retirement fund tax) 22 more than one and 92/100 per cent* for educational purposes and more than 23 three- quarters of one per cent but not more than one per cent for building pur- 24 poses and the purchase of school grounds, such directors or board of education 25 may, by resolution stating the per cent so desired, cause a proposition for an 26 assent thereto to be submitted to the voters of such district, village or city at 27 any general or special election, and if at such election a majority of the votes 28 cast on said proposition shall be in favor thereof, the directors or board of 29 education of such district, village or city may thereafter until such authority 30 is revoked in like manner, levy annually for educational purposes a tax in ex- 31 cess of one and 92/100 per cent but not exceeding the per cent mentioned in said 32 proposition, and tax for building purposes and the purchase of school a 33 grounds , in excess of three quarters of one per cent but not exceeding the per 34 cent mentioned in said proposition for such purposes. Such proposition may be 35 submitted at any time, and from time to time, to the voters of such district, vil- 36 lage or city, at any such election at the instance of such directors or board of 37 education; and such directors or board of education shall levy or cause to be 38 levied no tax in excess of one and 92/100 per cent for educational purposes, 39 or in excess of three -quarters of one per cent for building purposes and the 40 purchase of school grounds that shall not be authorized by the result of 41 such election, ascertained as aforesaid unless and until assented to by the * * * 42 voters of such district, village or city in like manner. Provided * * * * * * *NOTE- The above is an exact reproduction of Printed House Bill No. 374, from which the words "but not more than two and 92/100 per cent" were erroneously omitted in the printed copy of the Bill. This error does not appear in the Bill as introduced in the House. But this error does appear in the amendment proposed to be inserted in House Bill 374 printed on next page. See next page and Masthead. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 285 June 15, 1927 How Dollar Tax for Chicago School 1 Building Fund Was To Be Abolished Below is the proposed amendment which was Lines 1 to 42 as here printed are exactly as to be made to House Bill 374 (printed portions in the present law with the exceptions noted in of which are on opposite page) in order to abolish footnote below line numbered 42. the Dollar Tax Rate of the Chicago School Build- The important provisions of the present law ing Fund. that would have been eliminated were (1 ) the Lines 3 to 42 of House Bill 374 (shown on tax rate for the Building Fund ; (2) the provision opposite page) were to be stricken out and the for charging the cost of repairs to the Building entire amendment as printed below was to be Fund, thereby making these repairs a charge substituted for these lines . against the Educational Fund. These two pages taken together show the School Buildings and sites would have to be effect this amendment, if adopted, would have paid for out of Bond issues. had on the School Tax Rates for Chicago. As stated in the Masthead, this amendment The words underlined on this page show the was never made to House Bill 374. The proposal new matter that would have been added to the to submit this amendment was abandoned and present law if this amendment had been adopted. instead Senate Bill 575 was introduced on May The words underlined on the opposite page 31, 1927. show what would be taken out, that is removed This amendment here marked Exhibit "D" was from the present law, if the proposed amendment obtained from an Assistant Corporation Counsel had been adopted . on May 24, 1927. See Masthead. Exhibit D AMENDMENT No. Amend House Bill No. 374 by striking out from Section 189 on pages 8 and 9 of the printed bill all that part of line 3 after the semi- colon, all of lines 4 to 41 inclusive and all that part of line 42 before the word "provided," and by substituting the following in lieu thereof : "for the purpose of repairing and improving schoolhouses, of procuring furniture, fuel, libraries and apparatus, and for all other necessary incidental expenses in each district, village or city having a population of two hundred thou- sand or more inhabitants, the directors, the board of education or other corporate authorities of such district, vil- lage or city, or the directors, the board of education and such other authorities as may be necessary for the pur- pose of levying taxes, as the case may be, shall be authorized to levy a tax annually upon all the taxable property of the district, village or city not to exceed, except as hereinafter stated, two and 32/100 per cent for educational pur- poses and in addition thereto such taxes as may be necessary to pay the principal and the interest on bonds duly issued for school building purposes and the purchase of school grounds ( exclusive of taxes levied for the purpose of free text book tax, school playground tax and public school teachers' pension and retirement fund tax) upon the valuation to be ascertained by the last assessment for state and county taxes. Provided, however, that if the direc- tors or board of education in any such district, village or city shall desire to levy or cause to be levied in any one year ( exclusive of taxes levied for the purpose of free textbook tax, school playground tax and public school teach- ers ' pension and retirement fund tax) more than two and 32/100 per cent for educational purposes, such directors or board of education may, by resolution stating the percent so desired, cause a proposition for an assent thereto to be submitted to the voters of such district, village or city at any general or special election, and if at such elec- tion a majority of the votes cast on said proposition shall be in favor thereof, the directors or board of education of such district, village or city may thereafter, until such authority is revoked in like manner, levy annually for educational purposes a tax in excess of two and 32/100 per cent, but not exceeding the per cent mentioned in said proposition, for such purposes. Such proposition may be submitted at any time, and from time to time, to the voters of such district, village or city, at any such election at the instance of such directors or board of education; and such directors or board of education shall levy or cause to be levied no tax in excess of two and 32/100 per cent for educational purposes that shall not be authorized by the result of such election, ascertained as aforesaid, unless and until assented to by the voters of such district, village or city in like manner." 286 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 Original School Revenue Plan Presented to Legislature Corporation Counsel Ettelson Sponsors Program Before Senate Revenue Committee Below is a verbatim copy of a "memoran- program was presented to the Senate Revenue dum" marked Exhibit "E" outlining the Rev- Committee by Corporation Counsel Samuel A. enue Program for Chicago, including the Ettelson on May 24, 1927 at two o'clock. See School Revenue Program, essentially as that Exhibit "G" on opposite page and Masthead. Exhibit E AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL NO. 438 The amendment of this bill by changing the rate of the City of Chicago from $1.85 to $2.25 on each one hun- dred dollars of assessed valuation is a part of the plan to discontinue the tax rate of $1.00 for school building pur- poses and divide the greater part of same between the general corporate tax of the city and the school educational tax. The intention is to add 40 cents to the city's general tax and 40 cents to the school educational tax. The remaining twenty cents will not be levied as a tax for building purposes, but, as needed, portions of same will have to be levied to take care of the principal and interest on school building bonds. BONDS FOR SCHOOL BUILDINGS as some of the present serial bonds will be retired. In The City of Chicago is now levying annually a tax of case there were to be NO change in this bonding power, one dollar on each one hundred dollars of assessed valu- it would be a vital question whether this limitation applies ation for school building purposes. That levy has real- to the total bonded indebtedness of the City and Board ized approximately eighteen millions of dollars annually for this purpose since the rate went into effect. Owing of Education. It is more than likely, however, that the to the fact that the City needs additional revenue for present General Assembly will so change the law that general corporate purposes (there being a deficit of ap- the debt limitation will be expanded to double its present proximately $8,000,000 for the current year), and that the size. If the City obtains this legislation from the present schools need additional revenue for educational purposes, General Assembly, the question of whether or not school it is proposed now to discontinue making levies for school bonds must be considered a part of the City's bonded building purposes and to distribute eighty per cent of the debt will not be of immediate importance, because there levy of one dollar on each one hundred dollars between will be ninety- five million dollars of debt incurring power the two taxes just mentioned, that is to say an additional of which less than a third will be exercised for some time forty cents should be levied for general corporate pur- poses and an additional forty cents should be levied for to come unless school building bonds are held to come school educational purposes . This can be done without within this limitation. Consequently, the question will not arise until this additional latitude has been absorbed, increasing the tax bills of the tax payer through the if it ever should be. medium of issuing bonds for school building purposes in place of obtaining the money therefore from direct levies . Under the Constitution, municipal corporations are lim- Under Section 132 of the School Act power is given to ited to twenty years on their bonded indebtedness. It the Board of Education "to issue bonds for the purpose has been the practice for upwards of twenty years to of building, furnishing and repairing school houses and issue all such securities of the City in the form of serial school administration buildings and for purchasing sites bonds. If that is done in the present instance, with a for the same, and to provide for the payment of said rate of four per cent for interest, it will be possible to issue eighteen or twenty million dollars worth of bonds bonds." At the same time this provision was enacted, and by the same legislative act, the Board of Education each year, and the rate of taxation should not exceed ten of the City of Chicago was changed from a quasi public cents on the one hundred dollars. If it were possible under our Constitution to extend the payment of the corporation to a municipal corporation, and constituted principal beyond twenty years, it would result in reduc- a body politic and corporate ( see Section 128). While ing even this small tax, but that cannot be done. the act in question does not specifically state that the Bills providing for the change of the assessed valu- Board of Education as a municipal corporation is au- ation of property and the adjustment of the rates of thorized under the law to issue bonds outside of and taxation thereto (generally referred to as the bonding independently of the City's debt limitation, nevertheless, bills) have been introduced. They have not yet proceeded the inference is plain that that was the intention of the beyond the committees which are considering them. legislature. There is no occasion for making an argu- Therefore, it is looked upon as advisable to treat this ment on this point in this statement, but we are satisfied proposed plan of providing for schools out of bond issues as a separate and distinct issue, and the bill providing that this is the proper interpretation of the authority for the City of Chicago's permanent rate (H. B. 438) is given to the Board to issue bonds. therefore being advanced on the basis of the present The debt limitation of the City of Chicago at the pres- assessed value. After the bonding bills have proceeded ent time is approximately ninety- five million dollars . For to the point where they may be amended on the floor practical purposes this debt limitation is exhausted, and an amendment will be proposed to such bill as carries bonds in excess of that to a considerable amount have the City's rate so as to make same conform to the action been authorized which will probably be issued as soon taken on House Bill 438. June 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 287 Excerpts from House Bill 438 House Bill 438, introduced by Representa- Senate where 40 cents is to be added to this tive Marinier on April 20, 1927, fixes the Chi- $1.85 rate if Senate Bill 575 is passed abolish- cago tax rate for general corporate purposes ing the Dollar School Building Fund Rate. at $1.85. See Amendment, Exhibit 'E," on opposite page This Bill is now on second reading in the and Masthead. * * * Exhibit G 38 county within the limits of said city or village; provided, the aggregrate amount 39 of taxes so levied for any one year, exclusive of the amount levied for the pay- 40 ment of bonded indebtedness or interest thereon, and exclusive of taxes levied 41 for the purposes of pension funds, public library and municipal tuberculosis 42 sanitarium, shall not exceed the rate of one and eighty- five hundredths (1.85) per 43 centum [ for three years beginning with the year 1925 and thereafter not to ex- 44 ceed one and forty- three and one-third hundredths (1.43 1/3) percentum ] in 45 cities and villages of 150,000 or more population according to the last National z 46 or State census, and the aggregate amount of taxes so levied for any one year, ** * - Bonding Power of Board of Education in Doubt ‫الل‬ Exhibit H Memorandum from Attorney Greenacre Raises Question ibr Following is the memoranda regarding the tion. It would require as much research to write an opin- controversy over the power of the Board of ion on the question involved as it would to prepare a ‫الله‬ brief for the Supreme Court on the same question. This Education to issue bonds : would involve considerable time which I am not sure you Dear Miss Haley: want me to expend on the question under the present The question whether the Board of Education of the existing conditions. Yours truly, City of Chicago can issue building bonds for an amount ITG/ER I. T. Greenacre . which when added to the amount of the corporate bonds Miss Haley : of the City of Chicago will exceed five per cent (5% ) of Suggestion: There may be something in the City Char- the assessed valuation of the City is very hard to answer. I hardly think that in such event these bonds would be ter as it was prior to the adoption by the City in 1875 of marketable on the strength of a mere lawyer's favorable the 1872 Cities and Villages Act that might have a bear- opinion. As a practical matter the opinion of the Su- ing on the status of Chicago School System and local school district (whose limits are identical with those of the preme Court will probably have to be obtained on this City) as to bonding and taxing, because question before these bonds are sold to any extent in substantial amounts . The city exists under that former charter ( as amended) so far as the same remains in force and While it is true that in the country school districts unrepealed and unmodified by the Cities and Villages school building bonds and municipal bonds may both be Act of 1872 as amended, etc. issued and each be good if within its own separate con- There is an early case in support of above right stitutional limitation, it must be remembered that in such cases (as far as I know) the boundaries of the after Chicago adopted the Cities and Villages Act . Chicago is a distinct school district. See Otis Act, Sec. school district and the boundaries of the municipality are not identical although either one may overlap or 1-( Schools Ch. 122, Sec. 128 Cahills, Par. 152) . ‫ا‬ wholly include or be wholly included in the other. Also Chicago School bonds are recognized in Ch. 122, Sec. in the country school districts the school board has 132, Par . 156, in districts of over 100,000. direct taxing power. The school board levies the tax. School building bonds are authorized and common in On the other hand in Chicago the boundaries of the School districts whose boundaries are not identical with school district and of the City are identical, and the a City and in such instances the City's 5% constitutional school board cannot levy a school tax for either building limit does not seem to include School building bonds . or educational purposes, but such taxes must be levied Suggestion : See if the Home Rule Amendment to the by the City Council of the municipality. Constitution for Chicago cuts any figure as to schools Again the City of Chicago unlike most other cities does and also any legislation under it. not exist under a special charter alone nor under a gen- In an Ottawa case (where, however, City had a special eral act alone, but exists under a general act plus so charter) a local building tax and bond issue both for much of the former City charter as is not inconsistent building purposes was possible. with the general act. In other words the special charter See People v. I. C. R. R. 266 Ill. 240. was not destroyed but only modified when the City in Have not had time for research and without it my opin- 1875 adopted the general Cities and Villages Act of 1872. ion would not be worth shucks . These matters and others have a bearing on the ques- May 24, 1927. I. T. G. 288. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 Senate Bill 575 Stormy Petrel of Legislature 1 Introduced by Mr. Mason, May 31, 1927 . 2 Read by title, ordered printed and referred to Committee on Revenue and Finance. A BILL For an Act to amend Section 189 of "An Act to establish and maintain a system of free schools," approved June 12, 1909, as amended. Exhibit F (see Masthead, page 283 ) Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: Section 1. That Section 189 of "An Act to establish and maintain a system 2 of free schools," approved June 12, 1909, as amended, be and the same is hereby 3 further amended to read as follows : 4 Sec. 189. For the purpose of establishing and supporting free schools for 5 not fewer than seven months in each year and defraying all the expenses of the 6 same of every description; for the purpose of building, repairing and improv- 7 ing schoolhouses, of procuring school lands, furniture, fuel, libraries and appara- 8 tus, and for all other necessary incidental expenses in each district, village or 9 city having a population of two hundred thousand or more inhabitants, the di- 10 rectors or the board of education of such district, village or city, or the board 11 of education and such other authorities as are required by law for the levying of 12 taxes, as the case may be, shall be authorized to levy a tax annually upon all 13 the taxable property of the district, village or city not to exceed, except as here- 14 inafter stated, two and 32/100 per cent for educational purposes and 20/100 15 of one per cent for building purposes and the purchase of school grounds, and in 16 addition thereto such taxes as may be necessary to pay the principal of and the 17 interest on bonds duly issued for school building purposes and the purchase of 18 school grounds (exclusive of taxes levied for the purposes of free text book tax, 19 school playground tax and public school teachers ' pension and retirement fund 20 tax) , upon the valuation to be ascertained by the last assessment for State and 21 county taxes, provided, that any sum expended or obligations incurred for the 22 improvement, repair or benefit of school buildings and property shall be paid 23 from that portion of the tax levied for building purposes and the purchase of 24 school grounds . Provided, however, that if the directors or board of education 25 in any such district, village or city shall desire to levy or cause to be levied in 26 any one year ( exclusive of taxes levied for the purpose of free text-book tax, 27 school playground tax and public school teachers' pension and retirement fund 28 tax) more than two and 32/100 per cent but not more than two and 92/100 per 29 cent for educational purposes, and more than 20/100 of one per cent but not 30 more than one per cent for building purposes and the purchase of school 31 grounds, such directors or board of education may, by resolution stating the per 32 cent so desired, cause a proposition for an assent thereto to be submitted to the 33 voters of such district, village or city at any general or special election, and if at 34 such election a majority of the votes cast on said proposition shall be in favor 35 thereof, the directors or board of education of such district, village or city may 36 thereafter, until such authority is revoked in like manner, levy annually a tax for 37 educational purposes a tax in excess of two and 32/100 per cent but not exceeding 38 the percent mentioned in said proposition, and a tax for building purposes and 39 the purchase of school grounds in excess of 20/100 of one per cent but not ex- 40 ceeding the per cent mentioned in said proposition for such purposes . Such 41 proposition may be submitted at any time, and from time to time, to the voters 42 of such district, village or city, at any such election at the instances of such di- 43 rectors or board of education; and such directors or board of education shall 44 levy or cause to be levied no tax in excess of two and 32/100 per cent for educa- 45 tional purposes or in excess of 20/100 of one per cent for building purposes and 46 the purchase of school grounds that shall not be authorized by the result of 47 such election, ascertained asaforesaid, unless and until assented to by the 48 voters of such district, village or city in like manner. Provided, further, 49 that the directors or board of education in any such district or city or 50 village, which shall have adopted the provisions of an Act entitled, "An 51 Act to authorize boards of education and school directors to provide text 52 books for the free use of the public schools, and to sell text books at cost to the 53 pupils who desire to purchase them and prescribing penalties for the violation MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 259 June 15, 1927 54 thereof," approved June 28, 1919, in effect July 1, 1919, may levy or cause to 55 be levied annually for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of said Act, a 56 tax of not more than eight cents on each one hundred dollars of the assessed 57 value of all taxable property on all taxable property of said district, city or 58 village, said tax to be known as free text book tax. Said tax shall be in addition 59 to the maximum of all other taxes which the school district or village or city is 60 now, or may hereafter be, authorized by statute to levy upon the aggregate val- 61 uation of all taxable property within the school district, village or city, and the 62 county clerk, in reducing taxes levied as and when required so to do by virtue of 63 the provision of an Act entitled, "An Act concerning the levy and extension of 64 taxes," approved May 9, 1901 , in force July 1 , 1901 , as subsequently amended, 65 shall not consider said free text book tax as a part of the tax levy of the school 66 district, village or city required to be included in the aggregate of all taxes to 67 be reduced, and no reduction of any tax levy made under the provisions of said 68 last mentioned Act and amendments thereto, shall diminish any amount ap- 69 propriated or levied for said free text book tax. 70 Provided, further, that the city council of any city in this State having a 71 population exceeding 100,000 inhabitants and having a public school teachers' 72 pension and retirement fund, shall upon the demand and under the direction of 73 the board of education annually levy for the purpose of providing revenue 74 for such pension fund, a tax of three- tenths of a mill on each dollar of the as- 75 sessed valuation of all taxable property, on all taxable property within such 76 city. Said tax shall be known as public school teachers' pension and retirement 77 fund tax. Said tax shall be in addition to the maximum of all other taxes 78 which such board of education or city is now, or may hereafter be, authorized 79 by statute to levy upon the aggregate valuation of all taxable property within 80 such city; and the county clerk in reducing taxes levied as and when required 81 so to do under the provisions of an Act entitled, " An Act concerning the levy 82 and extension of taxes,” approved May 9, 1901 , in force July 1, 1901 , as subse- 83 quently amended, shall not consider said public school teachers' pension and re- 84 tirement fund tax as a part of the tax levy of such city required to be included 85 in the aggregate of all taxes to be reduced, and no reduction of any tax levy 86 made under the provisions of said last mentioned Act shall diminish the amount 87 appropriated or levied for said public school teachers' pension and retirement 88 fund tax. LETTERS OPPOSING SENATE BILL 575 Exhibit A Chicago Federation of Labor The principal and interest on these bonds will add a 623-633- South Wabash Ave. staggering burden of taxation to the already overbur- CHICAGO , ILLINOIS dened home-owning, rent-paying, wage- earning taxpay- ers of Chicago while the hundreds of millions of dollars To the Members of the June 11 , 1927. worth of property now illegally and unjustly escaping Fifty- fifth General Assembly. Ladies and Gentlemen : taxation in Chicago will continue to escape its just share The Chicago Federation of Labor urges the defeat of of the tax burdens of the City and of the State. Senate Bill 575. This Bill raids the School Building Fund of the Chicago school children. It reduces to Twenty Bonds issued for school building purposes by the Chi- Cents the One Dollar tax rate for school building pur- cago Board of Education do not have to be submitted poses adopted by the people of Chicago at a referendum to a vote of the Chicago people although the law re- four years ago . A 20c tax will pay only the cost of re- quires that bonds issued for school purposes throughout pairs and improvements to buildings. the State outside of Chicago must be submitted to a vote Senate Bill 575 takes away from the Chicago people the right that Chicago and the other 11,000 school dis- of the people in the school districts which issue these tricts throughout the State now have to levy their school bonds. building tax of One Dollar after the people of the School district have once voted that One Dollar tax and to con- The Chicago Federation of Labor asks of the Legisla- tinue to levy a Dollar unless and until it is revoked by a ture equal justice for the school children, parents, and referendum of the people. taxpayers of Chicago. With more than 50,000 public school children in Chi- Vote against Senate Bill 575. cago not now provided with seats in school rooms and an additional increase of about 11,000 new school children Respectfully submitted, a year to be provided for, Senate Bill 575 will force the CHICAGO FEDERATION OF LABOR. Chicago Board of Education either to stop building schools or to issue an enormous amount of bonds for John Fitzpatrick [President] school building purposes . E. N. Nockels [ Secretary 290 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 Exhibit B decided by the courts and until it is decided the preser- vation of the One Dollar School Building tax rate is To the Representatives, June 15, 1927. necessary to assure the building of the 24 additional 55th General Assembly, schools needed each year to take care of the over- Springfield, Illinois : crowding and new children. Ladies and Gentlemen : When the people of Chicago voted this ONE DOL- WHY SENATE BILL 575 SHOULD BE LAR tax rate for the School Building Fund less than DEFEATED four years ago, it was with the distinct understanding WITH 53,000 PUBLIC SCHOOL childreN IN that every dollar of this money would be used for the purpose of providing a seat for every child in the Chi- CHICAGO NOT PROVIDED WITH A SEAT IN cago schools. A SCHOOL BUILDING, SENATE BILL 575 CUTS How expensive it is to build schools out of bond ΤΟ 20c THE ONE DOLLAR TAX RATE VOTED issues is shown by the fact that on every bond issue BY THE PEOPLE OF CHICAGO LESS THAN each million dollars of bonds at the end of 20 years FOUR YEARS AGO TO BUILD SCHOOL BUILD- will cost the taxpayers $1,440,000. That means the INGS . $70,000,000 of bonds that would have to be issued in the next five years to take care of the needs of Chicago With 24 new school buildings needed every year for school children will, therefore, cost the taxpayers the next five years in Chicago to take care of these $99,000,000 at the end of 20 years, if Senate Bill 575 is 53,000 children and the 11,000 new children enrolled in passed. the public schools each year, SENATE BILL 575 The Chicago Teachers' Federation at its regular CUTS 80c FROM THE SCHOOL BUILDING TAX meeting Saturday, June 11, unanimously re-affirmed RATE IN ORDER TO ADD 40C TO THE CITY'S the position taken at a special meeting on Thursday, CORPORATE FUND TAX RATE AND 40c ΤΟ June 2, AGAINST SENATE BILL 575 for the rea- sons stated above. THE TAX RATE FOR THE SCHOOL EDUCA- VOTE AGAINST SENATE BILL 575. TIONAL FUND . Respectfully submitted, The question whether the Chicago Board of Educa- THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. tion has any right to issue bonds independent of and in Margaret A. Haley, addition to the City's bonding power has not yet been Business Representative. CLASSIFIED AUTO TO NEW YORK For Sale Cottage on Fox River, 40 miles Teacher driving car to New York City about N. W. Chicago . Cash or terms. 168 N. Leam- July 4 would like woman passenger. Share ington Ave. Austin 7792 . expenses. More reasonable and enjoyable than train . Address Teacher B. B., Haley Bulletin. Teacher alone in four room apartment, Edgewater. Will rent room. Concealed bath. Wanted-Several guests to share privileges Privileges. Phone Edgewater 0278. of summer home on Lake Michigan. Twenty- five acre wooded estate. Private bathing beach . Moderate arrangements by week or To Rent . Cottage on Lake Michigan. Run- month. Address Lakme Lodge, Washington ning water, screened porch. $75.00 per month. Island, Wis . Phone Belmont 8697. SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS ORSETS RLENE FRAZER CO . GossardCorsets OLDFARB 1426 Stevens Building C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison GO Exclusive Millinery 1425 Stevens Building Especially Reduced Prices to Teachers During June 0 WARM WEATHER FROCKS That Are New and Exceptionally Smart Special Discount to Teachers All MOR SPACE RATES USIC Schools HOURS. conducted tours through Europe. Student visiting 8 FOR For these Snappy Little Ads Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. M -learn in which schools Bd. of Ed. credits are best earned by Chi- cago teachers. Apply Schools and Camps Association T Select Standard and countries. Shorter trips may be arranged for. Price Including ocean passage frem $365 upward. For further Information address MRS. A. BARON, 5154 Seuth 17 No. State St. Tel. Central 6648 Parkway, Chicago, III. Phone: Drexel Phone Central 3904 1404. June 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 291 " Safety First, " Says City Council Committee on Schools I Orders Investigation Into Use of Power-Driven Machinery in Schools An investigation to determine whether or WHEREAS , Paragraph 142, page 124, of the Annual not the health and safety of children in the Report of the Superintendent of Schools, Mr. William McAndrew, dated June 30, 1926, reads as follows: Chicago public schools are being endangered "Equipment : Each Junior High School is through the operation by these children, of equipped with motor- driven machinery, thus making power-driven machinery in the schools, was it possible for pupils to do more elaborate work. Up to date no accident has been reported." And; ordered by the City Council at a meeting Wednesday, May 18. WHEREAS, the following statements appear in offi- cial publications issued by the Board of Education : It was the result of a resolution introduced " The operation of power-driven machinery is for- by Alderman Hoellen, chairman of the City bidden to boys and girls under sixteen years of age by the Illinois Child Labor Law." Council Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service. The resolution which is printed be- (" Trade Bulletin No. 3, January, 1927, Chi- cago Board of Education, William McAndrew, low was referred to the Committee on Schools. Superintendent.") At a meeting of the Schools Committee "Boys and Girls 14 to 16 years of age are not allowed to work at **** operating any power- Thursday, May 19, Alderman Hoellen intro- driven *machinery, such as circular and band saws, ** duced a letter from Mrs. Helen W. Carr, 1132 emery or polishing wheels used to polish metal, * * * * laundry machinery. ** Loyola Avenue, a member of the Executive ("Pamphlet entitled ' Illinois Laws Which Pro- Board of the Rogers Park Parents' Associa- tect Boys and Girls at Work,' issued by Board tion, citing instances in which children were of Education, City of Chicago , June 1925, Wm. McAndrew, Superintendent." ) B using power driven machinery. He also read THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED , that the City extracts from a report by Mrs. Viola McAtee, Council authorize and direct the Committee on Schools, representing the South End Parent Associa- Fire and Civil Service to make an investigation to deter- tion, as to dangers to children operating power mine whether the health and safety of children in the driven machines that she witnessed . Chicago Public Schools are being endangered through the operation by these children of power-driven machin- On the day previous to that on which the ery in the schools in violation of the Illinois Child Labor Resolution introduced into the City Council Law and City Ordinances. was referred to the Schools Committee, the LETTER FROM MRS . CARR Superintendent's Bulletin of May 17, 1927, May 18, 1927. Page 120, contained a paragraph, "Safety Re- Hon. John J. Hoellen, quirements-Power Driven Machinery" urg- Chairman of the Committee on Schools, Fire and Civil Service, ing principals to inspect all power-driven ma- Chicago, Illinois . chinery used in connection with teaching . Dear Alderman Hoellen: An investigation was agreed to by the Com- As a member of the Executive Board of the Rogers Park Parents' Association and as a mother of children of mittee on Schools and a sub-committee of near Junior High School age, I present to you the infor- ✓ which Alderman Thomas Bowler was made mation herewith concerning the operation of power- chairman, was appointed to visit the schools driven machinery by children under sixteen years of age and inspect conditions . in violation of the Child Labor Laws of Illinois. I personally visited the Stockton and the Roger Sulli- Following are the resolution, Mrs. Carr's van Junior High Schools and found the power-driven communication and the paragraph from the machinery in both schools. In the Stockton Junior High I | Superintendent's Report dealing with "Safety personally saw children under sixteen years of age oper- Requirements" : ating a power- driven emery polishing wheel polishing the CITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION edge of a cooky cutter. I saw a power-driven jig saw in the Stockton Junior High School. It was explained to WHEREAS , the parents of children attending the me that the band had not yet been connected but the Chicago public schools, representing the South End Pub- place was pointed out to me where the motor is to be lic School Association and the Rogers Park Parents' As- set and it is a belt machine and it is expected to be oper- sociation, have reported that they found in the Chicago ated by the children in due time. This machine was in Public Schools power-driven band and jig saws, emery the middle of a class room and unprotected, no screening and polishing wheels used to polish metal, and power- around it in its present condition. driven laundry machinery operated by children under I have before me and enclose herewith for your infor- sixteen years of age, and have reported one specific case mation the official document issued by the Board of Edu- of injury to a thirteen-year old pupil while operating cation, June, 1925, entitled, "Illinois Laws which protect power-driven machinery in a Chicago Public School on Boys and Girls at Work." On page 8 of this document March 25, 1927; and under the heading " Forbidden Occupations" is the state- 292 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 ment that boys and girls fourteen to sixteen years of age A report dated May 21, 1927 “appertaining are not allowed to work at circular or band saws, emery to the charges submitted to the City Council or polishing wheels used to polish metal, laundry ma- chinery. It is known to me that members of the South and published in the newspapers as to the End Parents Association have seen power -driven laun- danger of power-driven machinery in junior dry machinery, band saws, and power-driven printing and senior high schools," was sent to the presses. President of the Board of Education by I call your attention to the fact that the Board of Edu- Superintendent McAndrew. It was trans- cation has official knowledge of the installation and op- eration of this power-driven machinery as shown by the mitted to the Board of Education by Presi- Annual Report of the Superintendent of Schools dated dent Raymer at the Board's meeting May 25, June 30, 1926, on page 124 of the printed report (para- 1927 . graph 142) appears this statement: On May 23, a further report on power ma- "Equipment : Each Junior High School is equipped with motor driven machinery, thus making chinery danger was transmitted to Superin- it possible for pupils to do more elaborate work. tendent McAndrew by William J. Bogan, Up to date no accident has been reported. " I have given publicity to these facts over the Labor assistant superintendent. Radio in public meetings and a transcript of my radio speech has been transmitted to the Federation of Labor for publication in its official publication, at the request LIMITATIONS of the editor. The members of our parent organization have discussed this with the Assistant Superintendent, A small girl who had done unusually well Mr. Gonnelly, in charge of Junior High Schools, but the in the second grade was promoted to the third. power-driven machinery continues to be operated by children under the age of sixteen years, and the Board Upon meeting her former teacher whom she of Education is installing more and more of this ma- loved dearly, her first words were, " Gee, but chinery. I wish you knew enough to teach me next The futility of the protests to the Board of Education year." and official knowledge of its being in violation of the Child Labor Laws is our reason for asking the City Council Committee on Schools to investigate these condi- SURPLUS OF TEACHERS tions, for the protection of the life and limb and the health of our children. There are many incidental mat- There was a knock at the gate of Heaven. ters like the noise in the shops and the nervous strain St. Peter called out, "Who's there ?" of operating these machines that are in themselves an injury to children of the 7th, 8th and 9th grades under A voice responded, "It's me." sixteen years of age . I submit with this all the documents to which I refer "You may come in," answered St. Peter, and I hope that you will see your way clear to bring this and another human entered upon Celestial matter to the attention of your Committee. Mrs. Viola delights . McAtee, from the South End Parent Association, I am A few minutes later there was another rap. sure, will corroborate and add to this information. "Who's there" called St. Peter. Yours very truly, HELEN W. CARR . (Mrs. Bradley S.) , This time a well-modulated voice replied, "It is I." 1132 Loyola Avenue. PAGE 120, SUPT'S BULLETIN, MAY 17, 1927 *** "I'm sorry," said St. Peter, "but you will 253 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS - Power-driven ma- have to go down to the other place. We have chinery: Principals are requested to inspect all power- already filled up our quota for school teachers. driven machinery used in connection with teaching. Report at once on machinery that may lack safety appli- ances or spacing rails to Assistant Superintendent Wil- liam J. Bogan, 460 South State Street. Order from the AND THEN THERE WAS ONE Division of Supplies, for signature of parents, copies of Little Marjorie was telling about her num- blank No. 255, " Permission from Parents of pupils using power-driven machinery." Goggles for the protection of ber work at the family dinner table and papa the eyes when the pupils use the emery wheel or assist wanted to test her mildly . in pouring molten metal in the foundry should be sup- " Can you add small sums, girlie ?" plied in sufficient quantities for use at all times. Do not "Yes papa. " permit the pupil to use the emery wheel without wear- Take one "And can you subtract, too ? ing goggles. These goggles may be obtained from the number from another ?" Division of Supplies as listed under Foundry Supplies , Commodity numbers 7160 and 7161. Posters giving rules "Yes, papa ." for Safety when Operating Power- Driven Machinery will "That's fine, dear. Now, let me hear you be mailed to the schools. Please see that at least one do it. Supposing there were four flies on a poster is mounted in each room where power-driven ma- table and I killed one, how many would be chines are used. left ?" Prepared by W. J. Bogan, Assistant Superintendent of Schools. * * * WM. McANDREW " One," was the proud and sparkling answer. Superintendent of Schools. "The dead one."-The Victorian . June 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 293 Retirement ENRICI'S is famous no less 71 Law Passes for the enduring and deep Awaits Governor's Signature friendships it has won than House Bill 130, the amendment to the Com- for the quality of the foods pulsory Retirement Law, has passed both houses of the Legislature and now awaits the it serves and for the great signature of the Governor. volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- The original bill was printed in the Bulletin day, before the matinee, it is the great 1 of March 15, 1927. It was amended in the central meeting place. House May 26 on second reading. It passed the House June 7. The amendments provide : (1) Of the 25 years of service required by HENRICI'S - the Bill, 15 must be in Chicago. (As intro- WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT Educed, the Bill required 25 years service in Chicago . ) 67 W. Randolph St. (2) The minimum age for retirement under Between Dearborn and Clark Streets this Bill has been raised to 65, and the sched- ule has been changed to provide $1,000 per year for those who retire at age 65 with an No orchestral din additional $100 per year for each added year of age at retirement up to age 69. These pay- ments are in addition to any annuity to which the teacher may be entitled from the Teach- Phones Hyde Park 7656, 7516 FUR STORAGE REMODELING ers' Pension Fund . The schedule is now as follows : " Satisfied Customers " Age 65-Ten hundred dollars ($ 1,000 ) . J. EINHORN Established 1899 Age 66-Eleven hundred dollars ( $1,100 ) . THE OLD RELIABLE FURRIER Age 67-Twelve hundred dollars ( $ 1,200 ) . 939 East 63rd Street Age 68-Thirteen hundred dollars ( $ 1,300 ) . Now is the time to have your coat remodeled Age 69-Fourteen hundred dollars ( $ 1,400 ) . at our low summer rates (3 ) The Bill now contains the provisions asked for by the Pension Board to safeguard the tenure rights of those teachers who are MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN retired by the Board of Education by insuring to them the right of trial as provided by law. MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. A NOTE TO TEACHER THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 15 Cents. "Dear Teacher : Kindly excuse Johnnie's LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to イ absence yesterday. He fell in the mud. By the order of doing the same you will greatly oblige his MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American mother. " Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicage Phone Central 3904 294 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 -Cut Off and Bring with You Dear Teacher : If you are interested in MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN, PHONE DEARBORN 2681-and consider this advertisement as Stop to Shop an advance payment of $5.00 on a Permanent Wave. For fur- ther information-ask Mr. Heding. Good until June 11, 1927. HEDING'S PERMANENT WAVING STUDIO APARTMENTS 502 Venetian Building, 15 East Washington Street, Chicago Chas. Ringer Co., 2924 E. 79th Street Special Appointments for Evenings-Dearborn 2681 BEAUTY SHOPS Hoefer, 213 McJunkin Bldg. Teachers CAMPS You Are Tired-Come and Rest at the American Schools Assn., 17 N. State Street Double M Ranch GOLD HILL, COLORADO Mrs. James Hunter, Ekalaka, Mont. Saddle Horses Reasonable Rates Automobile Tours For Information COATS 1515 CAPITOL BUILDING, CHICAGO D. S. Komiss, 301 S. State Street or MOLLOY HOTEL AND SCENIC TOURS Chas. Bobinsky, 1031 E. 63rd Street 1019 Spruce Street Boulder, Colorado CORSETS Elizabeth N. Eichorn-72 E. Madison Street DRESSES Bains, 1224 Stevens Building French Line Orlene Frazer Co., 1426 Stevens Building Greene's, 230 S. Michigan Avenue Now you cannot afford not to go to Europe Johnson and Harwood, 37 S. Wabash Avenue Tourist III Cabin Round Trip Rate $177 EMPLOYMENT Company's Office 109 N. Dearborn St. James H. Carl, Suite 820–110 S. Dearborn Street FLORISTS Streiff and Dagobert-3211 W. Madison Street TEACHERS !! Let MeGive You My Personal Attention FURS SUPERFLUOUS HAIR J. Einhorn, 939 E. 63rd Street Removed by Multiple Electrolysis John J. Moran, 58 E. Washington Street GUARANTEED PERMANENT AND SATISFACTORY Thos . McElroy, 17 N. State Street LOUISE B. EVERETT F. Ranke-Room 309, Capitol Building Personal Service HATS 17 N. State Street-Dearborn 5277 Goldfarb, 1425 Stevens Building HATS SHAPED TEACHERS Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching-12 N. Rest and play this summer in an exclusive ranch home at a Michigan Avenue minimum cost. Scenery, cool climate, horseback riding, best of home-cooked food. JEWELERS ALL FOR $25.00 A WEEK Harry J. Baby, 703 Heyworth Building Reference, Miss Margaret McCoy, Fairfax 1496, Chicago. MEDICINE ROCK LODGE PERMANENT WAVE Ekalaka, Montana A. G. Heding, 15 E. Washington Street STOP ON YOUR WAY TO THE N. Ε. Α. PRINTERS Barnard and Miller-172 N. La Salle Street Pestalozzi Froebel RESTAURANTS Primary Training Teachers College Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street June 21- Summer School -July 29 Located on the Lake Front, SHOES Chicago Red Cross Shoes, 53 W. Madison Street Special Courses in Primary and Kindergarten Methods Nature Study, Hand Work, Dramatics, Playground Work SHORTHAND REPORTER Also Special Course in Nursery Schools George Johnson, 1105 Ashland Block Address Registrar, Box H, 616-22 S. Michigan Blvd., Chicago SUMMER HOTELS Malloy Hotel, Boulder, Colorado Medicine Rock Lodge, Ekalaka, Mont. 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR SUPERFLUOUS HAIR Buy from one who KNOWS values, and will give you an honest deal Louise B. Everett, 17 N. State Street TEACHERS ' COLLEGE F. RANKE FUR CO. Pestalozzi- Froebel, Box H, 616 S. Michigan Avenue Second floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 TEA ROOM Julia King- 122 N. Dearborn Street TOURS TEACHERS Burlington Railroad, 547 W. Jackson Blvd. You are cordially invited to refer your students to us for Canadian Pacific, Stevens Bldg. beginning or review work in shorthand, typewriting, book- Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, 630 Marquette Bldg. keeping. They are assured private instruction by competent Mrs. A. Baron, 5154 S. Parkway teachers. We can prepare you to instruct in shorthand, typewriting French Line, 109 N. Dearborn Street and bookkeeping. Our correspondence courses will help you Louise Gaston, 5315 Ellis Avenue prepare. Hubbell, 19 S. La Salle Street SHORTHAND COACH SCHOOL MYRTLE M. VOSS Marnell, 105 W. Monroe Street Northwestern and Union Pacific R. R's. 101-3-4-5 Auditorium Building 431 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Wabash 3732; Harrison 1995 Sanger Tours, 17 N. La Salle Street MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 295 June 15, 1927 $550 HAWAII $550 FOR RENT Chicago-to-Hawaii-to-Chicago Nord's DeLuxe 3-4-5 room apartments, brand All Expenses $550 new, furnished or unfurnished. Mechanical refrigeration - elevator service- You Are Invited to Join the fireproof- soundproof - radio outlets - filtered ILLINOIS ATHLETIC CLUB CRUISE water-full tile bath with shower. August 6 to September 5 One block to I. C. Station-3 car lines-bus line-3 blocks to lake. Railroad, Pullman, Steamship, Hotel & Sightseeing Everything-$550 Alaska, Great Lakes and Other Tours Charles Ringer Co., Agents 2924 E. 79th St. MARNELL INTERNATIONAL TOURS Phone South Shore 0444 Room 601-105 W. Monroe State 6593 Repairing Now Remodeling Is the Opportune Time to Bain's DRESSES Save COATS From 25% to 35% on Your Next Winter's A new shop devoted to the needs of the dis- Fur Coat criminating woman. NEWEST CREATIONS NOW READY Sizes ranging from 14 to 56, and service to A Deposit Will Hold Any Garment Until Needed. order from models . CHAS . BOBINSKY Special Discount to Teachers 1031 E. 63rd Street Midway 0955 Dearborn 3776 1224 Stevens Bldg. MANUFACTURING FURRIER Phone 17 N. State St. Cold Storage at 2% of Valuation on Premises H T O N E CHICAGO R A -C Delicious Cooking Charming Surroundings ES STDAT ARedFossShoe E UNIT CR SHCOOE- OS Trade Mark Moderate Prices - 2- C/ MTI USA Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. Luncheon .$0.60 Combination Lasts Dinner 1.00 .. Sizes 4 to 10 AAAA to D 1.25 Sunday Dinner ......... FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE Comfort Shoes in the Latest Spring JULIA KING'S Styles for Every Occasion Tea Room WALTER J. OTTO 53 E. Madison St. CHICAGO 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET ATTRACTIVE OFFER IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST We can offer teachers a pleasant and profitable We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and Permanent Waving vacation in our Educational Department. Call for particulars. HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR JAMES H. CORL ESTABLISHED 1905 SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. Suite 820 .. 110 S. Dearborn St. Phones-Ardmore 5311-5312—Broadway at Wilson Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 3994 Thos. E. McElroy Co. GEORGE W. JOHNSON STEVENS BLDG. SHORTHAND REPORTER FINE FURS 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND Remodeling-Storage-Repairing REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS We Call for Storage STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 Oficial Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation 296 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 15, 1927 7 The Triple Lure Authentic Modes for half a million At Equable summer sightseers GLACIER Prices PARK Make your Pacific Northwest trip this summer that real An off-the-boulevard shop for the young Miss and ‫ט‬ vacation you have promised Woman who desires to yourself. dress youthfully , who It costs nothing extra to go prefers quality, leisurely or return via Scenic Colorado. selection, utmost in value, YELLOW- STONE and the "one price" sys- Stop off at Magic Yellow- tem. stone and visit the Glacier FROCKS Park mountain-world. Both For Summer Wear are right on the way to Seattle. ‫حصـ‬ Georgette, Faille, Printed and Washable Crepes COLORADO Are Featured at Letus explain how readilya com $15 $25 $35 prehensive tour to the Rockies may be had in connection with All Spring Garments at any trip to the Pacific Northwest. Clearance Prices Johnson &Harwood Burlington 37 South Wabash Ave. BURLINGTON TRAVEL BUREAU 3d Floor, N. E. Corner Monroe 179 West Jackson Street, WABash 4600 CHICAGO Route J. R. Van Dyke, General Agent PU SO T GE UN TH O T D E The Chicago, Milwaukee & CHICAGO St. Paul Ry. is without ques- tion the best route to the Pacific scNorthwes MILWAUKEE bi ; it com- witth serv ; E ANLEDCTSTRPA RI.AI UL FI EDLW AY nes enery ice you will see the virgin West as it must have ap peared to D-SKOMISS& CD Lewis and Clark a century or more ago. 301 S. STATE STREET Educational S. E. Corner State and Jackson Interesting Inspiring The Milwaukee offers the greatest number of free side trips. Join the It is the world's longest electrified railroad. Meals :-Table d'hote, club and a la carte service; the cuisine is unsurpassed in railway travel. Komiss Fur Coat It is the shortest line between Chicago and Seattle. The new all-steel Olympian and its companion Club train the Columbian provide daily service. Open observation cars-observation club cars, standard and tourist sleeping cars, dining cars. If you attend the N. E. A. Convention by all means see to it that your ticket reads via the Chi- Pay Only $5 Deposit and cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. You may return Small Weekly Payments for over any route. Fare $90.30 direct or $108.30 ге- turning through California. 26 Weeks - By October the Write for literature, reservations and further par- Coat Is Ready for You . ticulars. E. G. HAYDEN, Gen. Agt. Pass. Dept., 307 " 100 West Monroe Bldg." Phone Central 7600 CHICAGO, ILL. TEACHERS DISCOUNT OF 10% ON ALL APPAREL ChicagoMilwaukee&St.PaulRailway TO PUGET SOUND - ELECTRIFIED 3515 March 31 , 1927 SUPPLEMENT TO MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Page One el Dizzy Building Assessments コ 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 100 100 200 200 the 211 300 300 400 100 00. 500 600 600 700 Too 1000 1000 Inequalities of Assessments of Loop Buildings The chart shows graphically the discrimination in the chart was made by taking several consecutive pages in assessments of buildings on three streets in the loop dis- the Appraisal Company's report and does not represent trict. any selected properties. If a graph were made of the A similar chart on page 4 of this supplement shows in entire report the conditions revealed would be very simi- the same way the discrimination in the assessment of lar throughout the loop. the land on these streets, under these same buildings . There are 52 buildings shown on this chart, each rep- This chart shows the percentage relationship of the resented by a point on the graph. full value fixed by the Board of Review to the full value The over assessments, or buildings valued higher by the as established by the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company Board of Review than by the Appraisal Company, are in 1926 on 52 buildings on three typical streets in the above the horizontal line. Chicago loop district. The horizontal base line repre- The under assessments are below the horizontal line, sents the fair value level of the buildings as determined indicating buildings which the Board of Review has valued by the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company's report. This (Continued on page 4 of supplement) Page Two SUPPLEMENT TO MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 Appraisal Reveals Gross Inequalit DOLLARS 720,000 700,000 680,000 660,000 640,000 620,000 600,000 580,000 560,000 540,000 520,000 500,000 480,000 460.000 440,000 420.000 400.000 380.000 360,000 340,000 320.000 300,000 280.000 260 000 240.000 220.000 200.000 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80.000 60.000 40,000 20,000 A B CDEF GH This chart represents a page taken at random from letter D. The total value of the land and building as the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company's report. It per Manufacturers' Appraisal Company appraisal made in 1926 is shown by the figures in the margin represents 16 adjoining properties along North La- to be approximately $640,000. The building value as Salle street, between Madison street and Wacker indicated by the black portion of the line is $70,000, Drive. in round figures , leaving for the land, as shown by The two colored lines above each letter represent the red portion of the line, $570,000. the total valuations of each of these properties . The The total value of this property, land and building, red line represents Manufacturers' Appraisal Com- as fixed by the Board of Review, is approximately pany's value of land and the blue line the Board of $380,000, as indicated by the top of the blue line. The Review full value of land. The black portion at the Board of Review full value of the building, as shown base of each colored line indicates the value of the by the black portion of this line, is $70,000, in round building. numbers, or the same as the value established by the To illustrate, take the property designated by the Manufacturers Appraisal Company; the land value March 31, 1927 SUPPLEMENT TO MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Page Three Cin Assessment of Loop Property DOLLARS 720,000 700,000 680,000 660.000 640,000 620.000 600,000 580.000 560,000 540.000 520.000 500,000 480,000 460,000 450,000 420,000 400,000 380,000 360,000 340,000 320.000 300,000 280,000 260,000 240,000 220.000 200,000 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 JKLMNOP as indicated by the blue portion of the line is be remedied only by a scientific appraisal which will 1 $310,000. wipe out the deceptive, secretive, unequal assess- It will be noted that the land represents by far the ments which now permit much property to escape bulk of the total value. taxation altogether, or to pay only a small per- If there is such wide divergence between the Board centage of its share of the burden. of Review values and those of the Manufacturers An increase in the tax rate would add a propor- Appraisal Company in the Loop, where there is some tionately larger share of burden on property now attempt at equalization by the assessing authorities, being discriminated against by paying more than its the chaotic conditions in the outlying sections of the proportionate share of taxes . city may be imagined. The Manufacturers' Appraisal Company appraised There is no close approach to fair assessment and the lands and buildings of the central business dis- equality of taxation in the properties shown in these trict of Chicago in 1926, under the direction and at charts, which represent a typical cross - section of the the expense of the City Council and the Board of entire city. The gross inequalities now existing can Education. Page Four SUPPLEMENT TO MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1927 The " Lie" of the Land 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 100 100 200 200 300 300 400 400 500 500 600 600 700 700 Inequalities in Assessments of Loop Lands (The explanation of this chart begins on page one of this supplement.) These buildings are on the south side of Monroe, north at less than that established by the Appraisal Company. side of Adams and both sides of Quincy street between It will be seen that this low value predominates by nearly Michigan avenue on the east and the Chicago River on nine to one. the west. They are actual cases of under assessment The figure 1,000 at the lower corner of the chart means taken from the Manufacturers Appraisal Company's re- that you must add 1,000 per cent to the full value fixed by port of the appraisal of the central business district of the Board of Review on the building opposite the figure Chicago on file in the Finance Committee of the City 1,000 in order to obtain the value established by the Council. The photographic reproduction of the three Manufacturers' Appraisal Company to that building. pages of the Manufacturers Appraisal Company's report To the building opposite the figure 100 you add 100 per with the individual buildings indicated thereon showing cent to the Board of Review's value; to the one opposite street numbers, etc., of the buildings and lands shown in 80 you add 80 per cent to the Board of Review's full these two charts is on file in the office of the Chicago value. Teachers ' Federation. 27 . VOL . NO. V MargaretHaley's 1 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill. September 17, 1927 View-Points Wisht I hadn't dropped that marble, 'S my only agate . Mean ol' thing, she'll keep it always, Anyway till June . Wisht I'd left it home this mornin', Liked that little agate; See her watchin' ! I won't bawl though- Gee ! I wisht was noon ! Wish he hadn't dropped that marble, It's his only agate; Showed it to me just this morning, Face a rosy grin. Grin all shattered, he won't cry though, Plucky little rascal; Just wait till noon, you honey-boy- Who cares for discipline ! PEARL V. DARTT. Ravenna School . Seattle Grade Club Magazine Special N. E. A. Number 2 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 Is Your Radio "tuned up" and operating satisfactorily, to re- HARRY J. BABY COMPANY produce clearly, music and speech? Don't allow tinkering it's costly ! Jewelers Our extensive service and repair experience is your 703 Heyworth Building -- 29 East Madison Street safeguard and assures satisfaction. We have the latest, dependable low and medium Telephones-Randolph 0218 and 0219 priced sets. AMERICAN RADIO SHOP Modernizing your jewelry by re- 1757 Sunnyside Avenue setting the diamonds in platinum, Ravenswood 4741 Arthur E. Anderson, Mgr. now so much in vogue, is a spec- ialty of which we are justly proud. Each piece , individual in design How would you like and executed with more care than is customary, is our aim. This is , Your Felt Hats perhaps, the reason for the large number of loyal customers and Reblocked the increasing demand for our into up-to-date styles? Bobbed hair or con- pieces . servative styles. Small or extremely large May we not show you the possi- headsizes . We have them. We are manu- facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- bilities of your diamonds ? ing Department has access to the best A Varied and extensive assortment of shapes . A trial will convince you of our Bridge Prizes, 50 cents up efficient service. Costume Jewelry, $ 1.50 up Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. T O N E FLOWERS ARCH - E S ARedFossShoeSTADT E UNIT O CR O E R HO Trade Mark FOR ALL OCCASIONS CINTIU SA Combination Lasts Sizes 4 to 10 AAAA to D FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE VINCENT & MULLINS Comfort Shoes in the Latest 2119 N. ROCKWELL ST. ARMITAGE Styles for Every Occasion Corner Milwaukee Avenue 8023 WALTER J. OTTO 53 E. Madison St. CHICAGO 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR Delicious Cooking Buy from one who KNOWS values, and will give you an honest deal Charming Surroundings F. RANKE FUR CO . Moderate Prices Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. Luncheon .... .$0.60 Dinner .. 1.00 Sunday Dinner 1.25 Pestalozzi Froebel JULIA KING'S Primary Training Teachers College Located on the Lake Front, Chicago Tea Room Special Courses in Primary and Kindergarten Methods Nature Study, Hand Work, Dramatics, Playground Work 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET Also Special Course in Nursery Schools Address Registrar, Box H, 616-22 S. Michigan Blvd., Chicago MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 1 September 17, 1927 Page 3 Apropos of the First Two Weeks of School THE PORTABLE SCHOOLHOUSE By GEORGE F. MOODY Salem, Mass. The first day of school was a cold, gloomy, legs all pointed in one direction at an angle foggy one. I had arrived at my boarding resembling the legs on a mule when he balks house the night before, and had obtained the while being led. Carefully I placed the ham- key to my classroom, which I learned to my mer upon the table. You ought to have seen surprise was a detached addition to the pres- what happened. It began to tremble from ent school building, otherwise known as the head to foot, and finally with a gasp crashed portable. Although I was a normal school to the floor. I placed the plants and pictures graduate, and of course knew all about teach- upon the teacher's desk. Choosing an appro- ing, yet there was a quaking and thumping of priate place for Lincoln, I selected a tack and the heart which was not pleasant, and made with the hammer gave the head a blow. Be- one quite uncomfortable and unhappy. hold . The point turned and came back to the We were told at Normal that the first re- head . The walls were covered with metal . quirement of a good teacher was an attractive Not a bit of wood could I find except the two- room. I therefore, had selected several in- inch frame around the windows. spiring pictures, such as Lincoln, Washing- However, I had my plants, and picking ton, and the Coliseum, secured a few wistful them up advanced towards the windows to plants from my landlady as well as a few used place them upon the sills . What ! Not a win- tacks and a clawless, broken-handled hammer. dow sill. The glass was flush with the walls . After an almost tasteless breakfast I Children's voices were heard. Hurriedly I started out for my first day of school. Upon placed the pictures upon the blackboard trays reaching the school, I looked around, and and arranged the plants on my desk. With finally on the northwest corner of the play- the aid of the janitor, the table was raised to ground behind the school, discovered a long, its feet and leaned against the wall. one-story gray painted "lean-to," much like The day was cloudy as has been indicated ; my father's chicken-house back on the farm. the room was chilly, and my coat was neces- Windows lined one side from end to end, and sary . Soon the children were busy reciting . from about two feet from the ground to the The clouds darkened. Pat ! Pat ! Pat ! Drops roof. Each end had three windows, but the began to fall. The roof was tin. Louder and back was like a desert, not a break from end louder I shouted, louder and louder the ham- to end . mering on the roof. About the time I was too Going back to the front I discovered a door hoarse to speak, it stopped, and the sun came in the very center leading into a hall with a out. How cheerful it seemed. Soon our coats furnace and coal bin . On each side was a came off . Up went the thermometer. How classroom door. This portable was known as warm it felt. Up, up, it went, till at dis- a "double. " I opened the door. To the right missal it reached 102 degrees. was a closet. In front I beheld forty-eight What a day ! What a schoolhouse. What desks, six rows, eight to a row. At the far an environment for children ! May the Lord end was a small teacher's desk, and beyond, be merciful to the inventor of the most two doors leading to a cloakroom . abominable of steel traps ever devised to en- I looked about for a place to lay my pic- snare unsuspecting pupils and teachers , and tures and plants. My eye caught sight of a to desecrate the name of school . table by the wall. Was I seeing things ? The Journal of Education, Dec. 6, 1926. 4 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 From the Masthead by The Lookout 'Twas a wee Writ of Mandamus awarded a fireman- Who complained to the Courts that the Board wouldn't hire him- That made "MAC" run amuck and bids fair to mire him, For it brought on him charges and a trial to fire him. To the Teachers of Chicago: The opening statement in this report may cision of the Appellate Court as petitioned by look like fiction and sound like a fairy tale but the Board of Education. The Appellate Court it is cold, hard fact, supported by a superabun- decision in the Brennan Case is printed in full dance of documentary evidence and legal lore. in this issue and the rock on which the Bren- Here it is : The filing of charges of insurbor- nan mandamus writ rests in that decision is dination against the Superintendent of Schools Section 129 of the School Law for Chicago. by the Chicago Board of Education on Aug- The Appellate Court in ordering the writ of ust 29, 1927, was the grand finale of a two mandamus in the Brennan case cites the fol- years' fight in the courts of this State against lowing from that Section as governing in this the Board of Education to compel the Board case: to employ Civil Service employees as required by both the School Law and the Civil Service "The Superintendent of Schools, the Busi- law. The fight was started on September 16, ness Manager, the Attorney and Assistant At- 1925, by a stationary fireman, named John J. torneys, are exempt from Civil Service Law. Brennan, who asked the Superior Court of All others are subject to the provisions of the Cook County for a writ of mandamus to com- Civil Service Law." pel the Chicago Board of Education to stop violating the school law and the civil service In the School Law for Chicago, the assist- law, and to force the board to fire the firemen ant and district superintendents, principals who were being hired illegally and to hire the and teachers and all supervisors of instruction firemen it should hire legally. are classified as teachers . The Brennan case was brought in the Su- It was Superintendent McAndrew's misfor- perior Court as General No. 426.407, entitled, tune, or his luck, to get in the way of that The People of the State of Illinois on the Re- Brennan fight just as it reached the Donny- lation of John J. Brennan vs. Edward B. Elli- brook Fair stage where "hit a head wherever cott, et al. The decision of the Superior Court you see it" is the order of the day ; and he got granting Brennan his Writ of Mandamus was the bricks from both sides . rendered by Judge Charles Williams, after lengthy hearings. This decision was con- The Brennan case is briefly reviewed in a firmed by the Appellate Court on March 2, resolution prepared by the attorney for the 1927. The decision of the Appellate Court was Board of Education, Mr. James Todd. It is made final and binding on the Board of Edu- reprinted here in full from the proceedings of cation on June 20, 1927 when the Supreme the Board of Education of August 3, 1927 Court of the State refused to review the de- (p. 95 of Proceedings). This resolution was September 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 5 adopted unanimously by the Board of Educa- This report of the Attorney furnishes the tion on that date, on the advice of the attorney basis for the charges of insubordination . in order that the Board might comply with Only brief references can be made here. It the spirit of the law and of the court decisions. cites testimony given by Superintendent Mc- The resolution sets forth that the Brennan Andrew in the hearing before the Master, por- case showed that the practice and custom fol- tions of the answer which Mr. McAndrew lowed by the Board for many years, in regard made to the teachers' petition, and other mat- to permitting the engineer custodians to em- ters connected with this teachers ' case . ploy stationary firemen and others, was in The attorney's statement shows that the direct violation of the School Law and the superintendent in his testimony before the 1 Civil Service Law. By the adoption of this Master repudiated the Attorney's answer filed resolution the Board indicated its intention to on behalf of the Superintendent and the comply with the court decisions in regard to Board and substituted an answer of his the employment of building service employees own ; that the Superintendent did not in the schools , stationary firemen, etc. subscribe to the answer made by the at- torney, that he acted as his own attorney and On the same day, August 3, another resolu- also appeared and testified as a witness on tion was prepared by the attorney to bring behalf of the suit brought to enjoin him from the Board's action in complete harmony with enforcing the Board's resolution ; that is the the décisions. It too was adopted unanimously Superintendent was aiding in getting an in- by the Board. This resolution, which is junction against himself ; he not only ap- printed here in full, directed the superinten- peared as a witness on behalf of the petition dent “to forthwith arrange for the transfer to for an injunction against himself, but that he instructional work of all members of the admitted that he had furnished to the attorney teaching force who have been assigned to any for the petition the questions which this attor- other line of employment." The resolution ney should ask him as a witness and that he also directed the superintendent "to forthwith also furnished the replies he would give to make requisition for the services by the Civil these questions. The testimony shows that Service Commission of such employees as may the Superintendent knew as early as the 13th of August, four days before the petition be necessary to carry on the clerical and busi- was filed, that it was being prepared. Part of ness administrative activities of the education the charges against the Superintendent, which department." are also printed here in full, show that he is charged with aiding and obstructing instead On August 17 a petition for injunction was of carrying out the orders of the Board as filed in the Superior Court by the extra teach- provided in the resolution, in fact that he had ers to prevent the enforcement of this reso- obstructed the enforcement of the resolution . lution by the Board of Education and by the Superintendent. On the morning of August For a full understanding of the charges , 18, the attorney for the Board filed his written which are printed here in full, they should be answer on behalf of the Board and the Super- read and with them the attorney's statement intendent. Judge David, before whom the case of the proceedings before the Master, and the came, referred the whole matter to Master in Master's findings . The Master's findings show Chancery Bernstein for hearing and report. that the Board had not directed the dismissal On September 7 Master Bernstein reported his of any teacher-clerk. They were all directed findings and recommendation to the Superior to be transferred. At the meeting of the Court to Judge Williams, who approved the Board of Education on September 14, 227 of Master's report on Sept. 7, dismissed the peti- the 283 teacher-clerks were transferred. The tion and denied the injunction. full report of these transfers is also printed in this Bulletin, with the names of the teachers Hearings were held for three days before omitted. the Master, August 18, 19 and 24. The At- torney for the Board, Mr. Todd, made a report, which is printed here in full. It was pre- sented to the Board of Education on August 29. It was attached to and submitted with the charges against Superintendent McAndrew. Marzena. Haly 6 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 Board Adopts Resolution Re Stationary Firemen Unanimous Vote Abolishes Position of “ Engineer- Custodian ' The resolution printed below was adopted Brennan the writ of mandamus that this reso- by the Board of Education by unanimous vote lution was adopted. of the nine members present on August 3, The engineers on July 12 brought suit for 1927. This resolution contains a full state- injunction in the Circuit Court against the ment of the mandamus proceedings brought by Board to prevent the enforcement of this de- John J. Brennan on September 16, 1925, to cision before this resoluton was adopted. compel the Board by mandamus writ to place Judge Ryner on July 14 denied the injunction. under Civil Service the stationary firemen in The engineers' petition was not dismissed as the schools . was the teacher-clerks' petition, as Judge Ry- It was under the decision of the Appellate ner gave leave to file an amended petition. It Court handed down on March 2, 1927, granting is still pending. CLASSIFY ENGINEER- CUSTODIANS AND REGULATE 129, supra , such employes are placed under the civil OPERATION OF SCHOOL PLANTS service act . That section provides that a Superintendent of Schools, a Business Manager, and an Attorney and the Mr. Brandenburg presented the following resolution : Assistant Attorneys and the Teachers, are exempt from Whereas, On the 16th day of September, A. D. 1925, the civil service law. All others are subject to the pro- a petition was filed in the Superior Court of Cook visions of that act ." County, Illinois, as case Gen. No. 426407, entitled People and of the State of Illinois on Relation of John J. Brennan vs. Whereas , A petition for a writ of certiorari to review Edward B. Ellicott, et al, which petition in substance the decision of the Appellate Court was filed in the Su- alleged and set forth the procedure which has been fol- preme Court of Illinois and by that Court was denied, lowed for many years by this Board, whereby the physi- the effect of which denial is to make the decision of the cal care and maintenance of school buildings were placed Appellate Court final and binding; and under the direction of civil service employes known as Whereas, This decision of the Supreme Court in effect engineer -custodians, who were paid a lump sum to com- holds that the employment of engineer-custodians under pensate them for their services and for their expendi- the procedure followed is illegal, and as an inevitable tures in employing such help as might be necessary for consequence there must be a complete change in the the proper performance of their work of heating, venti- method of providing for the proper heating, ventilating lating and cleaning the public school buildings of the and cleaning of school buildings, which change will in- City of Chicago; that among the persons so employed and paid by the engineer- custodians were a class of help volve a discontinuance of the present position of engi- commonly known as stationary firemen; that the position neer - custodian (which position prior to May 13, 1914, of stationary fireman was an existing place of employ- was designated as Operating Engineer) with its salary ment falling within the scope of the civil service law, schedule fixed to cover the salaries of such engineer-cus- although such positions have never been created by the todians and assistants employed by them, and the adop- Board of Education or filled pursuant to the civil service tion of a new system in which the various lines of work law; that this practice and custom of permitting the engi- involved will be properly classified, positions created neer- custodian to employ stationary firemen was a direct according to such classifications and filled by certifica- violation of the school and civil service laws of the State tion, all pursuant to the provisions of the civil service of Illinois, and sought a writ which would compel the law; and Whereas, it is the desire of this Board of Education to classification of the position of stationary firemen and the filling of such position by certification, pursuant to comply in all things with the spirit and the letter of the civil service law; and decisions of the courts in this behalf, Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved, That any action here- Whereas, The case came on for hearing in the Superior tofore taken by this Board in any way creating or con- Court of Cook County, before the Hon. Charles A. Wil- tinuing the position of engineer- custodian be and hereby liams, one of the judges of said Superior Court, who, is repealed, rescinded and declared to be of no effect, after an extended hearing, sustained the petition and and that the position of engineer-custodian heretofore directed the issuance of the writ prayed; and created by this Board and classified as a civil service Whereas, An appeal was prayed and perfected on be- position or place of employment, be and hereby is abol- half of this Board of Education and the other respondents, ished. to the Appellate Court of Illinois, First District, which And Be It Further Resolved, That all rules and parts court, in due season, handed down its opinion, and in of rules of the Board of Education of the City of Chi- sustaining the finding of the Superior Court, said : cago, relating to engineer-custodians and the operation "The facts as above stated clearly show that the places of school plants, including the following, be and they of employment are now in existence by virtue of the fact hereby are repealed, to-wit: that firemen are now employed and being paid for heat- [Here follow the old rules that are repealed and the ing the various school buildings, and by virtue of Section new ones that were enacted. ] September 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 7 Charges Against McAndrew to Be Heard September 29 Superintendent Suspended Pending Hearing Hearing on charges against Superintendent by James A. Hemingway, member of the McAndrew is scheduled for September 29 as Board of Education . a result of charges of “insubordination and Following are the charges, together with a s conduct incompatible and inconsistent with, letter from J. Lewis Coath, President of the and in direct violation of his duties as super- Board, recommending that the Superintend- intendent," preferred against him August 29 ent be suspended : Attached to the charges and submitted with cago, at which meeting nine members of the Board of them is a report from the attorney for the Education were present and voting, said Board of Edu- cation by the unanimous vote of all of said members then Board of Education, James Todd, setting present adopted the following resolution : forth the grounds for the charges. [Here follows the resolution printed in full on page 6 ] : "Chicago, August 29, 1927. "2. That said William McAndrew, Superintendent of "To the Board of Education of the City of Chi- Schools, was present at said meeting of August 3, 1927, cago: when such resolution was adopted, and participated in F " I desire to report that written charges have been pre- the discussion incident to its adoption and then and there ferred by Mr. James A. Hemingway against William Mc- had knowledge and notice of the adoption of said reso- ‫تاك‬ Andrew, Superintendent of Schools, which charges were lution by the said Board of Education. filed with me as President of the Board of Education, and "3. That the said William McAndrew was then Super- are herewith transmitted to this Board. intendent of Schools and that he as such Superintendent "I recommend that William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools, in total disregard of the directions and of Schools , be forthwith suspended from his said office instructions imposed upon him by the Board of Educa- pending the hearing of the charges preferred against tion, as contained in said resolution, has omitted, failed, him; that the hearing of such charges by the Board of neglected and refused to comply with the provisions of Education of the City of Chicago be set for Thursday, the resolution, as hereinbefore set forth, directing him the 29th day of September, 1927, at the hour of 10 o'clock to forthwith arrange for the transfer to instructional in the forenoon of said day, at the office of said Board work of all members of the teaching force who had been of Education at No. 650 South Clark street, Chicago, Illi- assigned to any other line of employment, and further nois , and that the Secretary of the Board of Education directing the Superintendent of Schools to forthwith be directed to serve upon the said William McAndrew, make requisition for the certification by the Civil Service 15 Superintendent of Schools, a true copy of the charges Commission of such employes as might be necessary to so preferred against him and herewith presented to this carry on all clerical and business administrative activities Board, together with a notice of the time and place of the Education Department. set for the hearing of said charges . "4. That the said William McAndrew, Superintendent "In this connection, I also transmit a communication of Schools of the City of Chicago, in total disregard of from James Todd, Attorney of the Board of Education, his duties and obligations as an executive officer of the dated August 26, 1927, reporting facts bearing directly Board of Education, to- wit : Superintendent of Schools , ‫ا‬ upon the conditions which have forced the filing of after the adoption of said resolution of August 3, 1927, ‫ا‬ the charges against the Superintendent of Schools pre- entered into an unlawful confederacy and conspiracy sented herewith . with certain employes of the Board of Education and "Yours very truly, Urban A. Lavery, Attorney for such employes , and with "J. LEWIS COATH , divers other persons whose names are unknown to the "President, Board of Education, undersigned, to defeat the objects and purposes of said "City of Chicago." resolution of August 3, 1927, and to hinder, delay, obstruct (The following charges were attached to the communi- and prevent the enforcement thereof. cation of the President, but were not read) : "5. That said William McAndrew, Superintendent of "To the Board of Education of the City of Chicago : Schools of the City of Chicago, in total disregard of his “I, JAMES A. HEMINGWAY, a citizen of the City of duties and obligations as an executive officer of the ‫ا‬ Chicago and a member of the Board of Education of the Board of Education, to -wit : Superintendent of Schools , City of Chicago, do hereby prefer against William Mc- on August 13, 1927, and at other times unknown to the Andrew, Superintendent of Schools of the City of Chi- undersigned, in the office of the Superintendent of cago, charges of insubordination and conduct incom- Schools, one of the official offices of the Board of Edu- patible and inconsistent with, and in direct violation of, cation, conferred with said Urban A. Lavery, who was his duties as Superintendent of Schools, an executive the Attorney of said employes of the Board of Educa- ‫ا‬ officer of the Board of Education of the City of Chicago, tion, hereinabove referred to, in regard to the prepara- 1 as more fully appears from the following Bill of Particu- tion and filing of a bill in equity to enjoin the Board of 1 lars, to-wit: Education of the City of Chicago, and its officers, includ- "BILL OF PARTICULARS ing said William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools, "1. That on the 3rd day of August, 1927, at a regular from enforcing or carrying into effect said resolution of meeting of the Board of Education of the City of Chi- August 3, 1927; that in particular on August 13, 1927, said 8 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools, at his Andrew directed and assisted the said Lavery in his said office, gave to one Urban A. Lavery certain infor- direct examination of William McAndrew, Superinten- mation, intending that such information should be used dent of Schools, by suggesting in writing additional by said Lavery in the preparation or prosecution of said points to be brought out by said Lavery, all for the pur- bill of complaint; that at the interview said Lavery ex- pose of defeating the object and intent of said resolution hibited to said William McAndrew, Superintendent of of August 3, 1927, and to relieve himself from the duty Schools, a bill of complaint which was intended to attack and obligation imposed upon him as Superintendent of the validity of said resolution of August 3, 1927, and to Schools to carry out the direction of the Board of Edu- secure the enjoining of the Board of Education and said cation contained in said resolution: William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools , from "8. That after said bill of complaint was filed as afore- enforcing or carrying into effect said resolution of said, the Attorney for the Board of Education, an execu- August 3, 1927. tive officer charged under the Statute and the rules of "6. That said William McAndrew, Superintendent of the Board of Education with the duty of representing Schools of the City of Chicago, in total disregard of his the Board of Education and its officers in all litigation duties and obligations as an executive officer of the affecting its interests , prepared and filed a verified Board of Education, to- wit: Superintendent of Schools, answer for the Board of Education, the members of the fully cognizant of the fact that an attack was to be Board of Education and its officers and employes, includ- made upon the legality of the said resolution of August ing William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools, who 3, 1927, by the filing of a bill in equity, and fully informed was also made a party defendant. as to the nature and purport of such bill so in process "That said answer so filed denied any action taken or of preparation, intentionally and deliberately failed and contemplated to be taken by the Board of Education was neglected to inform the Board of Education, or any of illegal and denied that the complainant was entitled to its members or officers, of such proposed attack, or the a writ of injunction, and fully set forth the attitude of proposed filing of such bill for an injunction. the Board of Education in connection with the enactment "7. That thereafter, on the 17th day of August, 1927, and adoption of said resolution of August 3, 1927. said bill of complaint was filed in the Superior Court of "That the said William McAndrew rendered no assist- Cook County in the name of one Julia A. Smith, a resi- ance, directly or indirectly, to the Attorney for the Board dent and taxpayer of the City of Chicago and County of of Education in connection with the preparation, defense Cook, making parties defendant the Board of Education and trial of said cause, but upon the contrary, the said of the City of Chicago, its members and certain of its William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools, upon his officers, including William McAndrew, Superintendent of own voluntary statement, repudiated the answer to the Schools; that said bill prayed for a writ of injunction bill of complaint filed by the Attorney for the Board of enjoining the defendants from adopting, enforcing or Education and asserted that he could not as Superin- putting into effect or in any way carrying out the said tendent of Schools accept such answer as his own, thus resolution of August 3, 1927, and from payment of any rendering, as the Superintendent of Public Schools of of the expenses incurred or to be incurred in and about Chicago, aid and assistance to the complainant in said the attempt of carrying out or putting into force said cause for the purpose and intent of securing an injunc resolution; that said bill was filed by Urban A. Lavery tion restraining the Board of Education and himself as as solicitor for the complainant, Julia A. Smith, who is a defendant from carrying out the intent and purpose of the mother of one of the teachers affected by said reso- said resolution of August 3, 1927. lution. "9. That said William McAndrew, Superintendent of "The answer of all the defendants connected with the Schools of the City of Chicago, in total disregard of his Board of Education was filed on the morning of August duties and obligations as an executive officer of the 18, 1927. The matter came up before Judge Joseph David, Board of Education, to-wit: Superintendent of Schools, one of the judges of the Superior Court of Cook County, without any authority whatever to bind the Board of upon the motion of the complainant for an injunction as Education, and in furtherance of his efforts to aid com- prayed for in said bill of complaint. Said matter was plainant and to prevent the enforcement of the resolution referred by his Honor, Judge David, to Master in Chan- of August 3, 1927, on August 23, 1927, during the trial of cery Bernstein to hear the evidence and report his con- said cause before the said Master Bernstein filed in said clusions of law and fact. cause his answer as Superintendent of Schools of the "That said William McAndrew, Superintendent of City of Chicago, which said answer was signed 'Wm. Mc- Schools, in total disregard of his duties and obligations Andrew, Superintendent of Schools,' to said bill of com- as an executive officer of the Board of Education, to- wit, plaint of Julia A. Smith, complainant; that in his said Superintendent of Schools, with the intent and object of answer said William McAndrew, Superintendent of defeating said resolution of August 3, 1927, lent his aid Schools, set forth that the answer filed by the Attorney and assistance to the said Lavery during the entire hear- of the Board of Education in said cause was filed without ing before said Master in Chancery by preparing certain his knowledge or consent and contained much he could questions to be propounded to him, the said McAndrew, not subscribe to and that he did not and does not sub- by the said Lavery, and subjoined to said questions were scribe to it; that said answer of William McAndrew, the written answers prepared by the said McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools, admits that the complainant's with the object and purpose of rendering to the com- request for permanent prevention of the carrying out of plainant, as against the Board of Education, his assist- said resolution of August 3, 1927, should be granted and ance in securing an injunction to restrain himself as admits the allegations of the bill, and admits that the Superintendent of Schools from the carrying out of the complainant, Julia A. Smith, is entitled to the relief asked resolution directing him to perform the said duties men- in her said bill of complaint. tioned in said resolution and preventing the enforcement " I charge that the conduct of William McAndrew, of said resolution; that during the giving of his evidence Superintendent of Schools of the City of Chicago, in on behalf of the complainant in said suit, the said Mc- (Continued on page 23) MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 9 September 17, 1927 id L Superintendent's Statements Cited as f Insubordination Proof uperm Board's Attorney Makes Report Attached to and presented with the charges Chancery on August 18 to 24, in the case of against Superintendent McAndrew filed on the teacher- clerks against the Board of Edu- cabin andt August 29, 1927, was the report of the Attor- cation. fs ney for the Board of Education, Mr. James These statements of the Superintendent are Todd, which is printed in full below. The re- all cited by the Attorney as tending to sustain port sets forth certain testimony and other the charges of insubordination against him . statements of Mr. McAndrew made during the The following is the report of the attorney : injunction proceedings before the Master in ofSa REPORT OF ATTORNEY FOR BOARD OF any way carrying out the said resolution of August 3, adin EDUCATION 1927. A copy of said bill accompanies this report. The E notice served by Mr. Lavery of his motion for a tem- wal "To the Board of Education of the City of Chi- porary injunction made provision at the end for accept- thet cago : "On the 20th day of June, 1927, the Supreme Court of ance of service by the various defendants . The defend- Illinois denied a petition for a writ of certiorari filed on ants whom Mr. Lavery assumed would be represented 11 behalf of the Board of Education in the case of People by the Attorney of the Board of Education comprised end ex rel Brennan v. Ellicott, et al., thereby affirming and the Board, its members , Secretary, and Auditor, but not approving the decision of the Appellate Court. As we William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools. have heretofore reported, this decision, in holding illegal "YOUR ATTORNEY FURTHER REPORTS our practice of employing engineer- custodians and paying them a lump sum salary said : "That he immediately attempted to reach Mr. Lavery ""That Section ( Section 129 of the Otis Act) pro- and have the motion go over for one day in order that vides that a Superintendent of Schools, the Business an answer might be prepared and filed. This request Manager, and an Attorney, and the Attorney's Assistants, being refused, your Attorney and his entire office force and the teachers are exempt from the Civil Service Law. worked the greater part of the night to prepare for the All others are subject to the provisions of that Act.' hearing the following morning, a necessary part of such "For a number of years past, question had been raised preparation being the drafting of a complete written from time to time with reference to the practice of the answer on behalf of the Board of Education, its mem- P Board of Education of assigning persons under the desig- bers, its Secretary, Auditor, and Superintendent (who nation of Extra Teachers to the various schools by vir- were all made parties defendant), to the 32-page bill tue of Report 12463- I of the proceedings of December 1 , filed by the complainant. A copy of such answer accom- 1909, entitled 'Employ Extra Teachers for Clerical work panies this report. This bill of complaint was filed on in High and Elementary Schools .' behalf of Julia A. Smith, as a taxpayer, who as a mat- "The Civil Service Commission has contended that the ter of fact was not a disinterested taxpayer but the delegation of clerical and administrative work to persons mother of one of the extra teachers . The bill charged ‫ا‬ other than those appointed pursuant to the Civil Service that the resolution of August third was illegal, and asked Law was in direct violation of said law. This question the court to enjoin its enforcement. The matter came was submitted to your Attorney and he gave it as his up before Judge David upon the motion of Mr. Lavery opinion that under the decision in the Brennan case it for a temporary injunction and was referred to Master was the clear duty of the Board of Education to provide in Chancery Bernstein to hear evidence and report his for the filling of all positions involving the business, conclusions of law and fact. The hearings before the 1 administrative or clerical work of the public school sys- Master proceeded within a few hours and continued tem pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Service Law, through all of the 19th and the 24th days of August. and your Attorney caused to be prepared a resolution de- The first and chief witness for the complainant was signed to carry out his opinion, and said resolution was William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools, and a adopted by the Board of Education on August 3, 1927, by complete transcript of his testimony accompanies this the unanimous vote of all present, being nine members . report. "YOUR ATTORNEY FURTHER REPORTS " YOUR ATTORNEY FURTHER REPORTS "That on Wednesday, the 17th day of August, 1927, at about the hour of four o'clock, P. M., he was served with "There are certain salient matters which confronted a copy of a bill filed in the Superior Court and a notice him in making a proper defense in behalf of the Board signed by Urban A. Lavery, as solicitor for Julia A. of Education of this suit, which he deems pertinent at Smith, that on Thursday, the 18th day of August, at the this time to call to the attention of the members of the hour of 9:30 o'clock A. M., he should appear before the Board of Education : Honorable Joseph David, one of the judges of the Su- "FIRST : That at the time the resolution of August perior Court, and ask for an injunction enjoining and 3rd was passed, Mr. William McAndrew, Superintendent restraining the Board of Education and its members of Schools , protested against its passage and gave as his from adopting, enforcing or putting into effect, or in reasons that he had not been consulted; that it was 10 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 passed by the Board as a personal matter against him, "Mr. Lavery: Yes, it is . and that the resolution was being railroaded through the "The Witness : Well, that is not my answer. I Board. could not stand for that.' "In support of the above statement by your Attorney, "Third : The evidence in this case discloses the fact he desires to submit for the consideration of the Board that William McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools, the testimony developed on cross examination (page 313 prior to the filing of the bill of complaint by Julia A. of the transcript herewith submitted)-the statements Smith, complainant, against the Board of Education, was made by Mr. McAndrew on August 3rd in the Board in conference with Urban A. Lavery, attorney for com- meeting, and which he acknowledged under oath as his statements : plainant, on Saturday, the 13th day of August, 1927, at the office of the Superintendent of Schools, 460 S. State " In fact, for the Board of Education to give Street; at that conference they discussed teacher- clerks up this educational feature in favor of Civil Service would be as absurd as for the Commander of a and the resolution and what he, McAndrew, was going to do. Regiment, who is a military man, to be superseded by some Civil Service Clerk. "There is evidence in the record to the effect that the " We are starting a new scheme of settlement of Committee of Extra Teachers in charge of this litigation questions of this sort without reference to the educa- had discussed the resolution with the Superintendent. tional department for investigation and report, and There is also evidence in the record that at no time did from what I read in the newspapers this is largely a the Superintendent of Schools, prior to or subsequent to personal matter. the filing of this suit, inform your Attorney of his con- ""Now it does not matter to me personally, but I versations with the attorney for complainant or with the don't think a Board of Education ought to bring up representatives of the extra- teachers organization, nei- things so vital to the school system and steam roller ther did the Superintendent ask the opinion of the law them through.' department or its advice, or that of any of the members "In his testimony commenting upon the statements , of the Board of Education in regard to his legal duties Mr. McAndrew stated : under the terms of the resolution of August 3, 1927. " I regarded the methods by which it was intro- "In support of the above statement, based upon the duced as due to personal disregard of me.' evidence given by the Superintendent on the stand in "Second: The School Law of Illinois expressly pro- behalf of complainants, your Attorney desires to submit vides the Attorney shall have charge and control, subject an extract from the testimony of William McAndrew, to the approval of the Board of Education, of all litiga- Superintendent of Schools , as it appears on pages 320- 327 of the transcript of the evidence, which is as follows : tion, legal questions, and such other matters as shall be referred to him by the Board. Mr. William McAndrew, "I met him, Mr. Lavery, in the Board rooms the day Superintendent of Schools, because of his long connec- that thing was passed; I saw him. He asked me for the rules of the Board, and I loaned him my rules . tion with the Board of Education as Superintendent of Schools, cannot plead ignorance of this provision of the "Q. And did you give him any other papers ? law. "A. No, not then. " In his testimony he assumed the arbitrary and dicta- "Q. Did you have any talk with him after that ? torial attitude when called as a witness by the complain- "A. Not there, but on the Saturday before we came ant of repudiating the answer prepared by your Attorney before the Master, he brought the subpoena to me and in answer to this suit, which suit, as above stated, was said I was a defendant, and I said, ' Well, that is strange, brought for the purpose of restraining the carrying out because what here I am going to be estopped from doing of the resolution passed by nine members of this Board, is the thing I don't think I ought to do anyway.' directing said Superintendent to transfer the extra- teach- "Q. Did you have any further conversation with him ers to instructional work, and to make requisition at that time ? through the Civil Service Commission for the certifica- "A. Probably. He asked me a number of questions tion of the necessary employes for clerical and adminis- with regard to the duties of clerks, and I told him. It trative work. This antagonism on the part of the Super- was ten o'clock on Saturday when he came to my office, intendent of Schools militated against the best interest Saturday was the 13th; we met here first on Wednesday, of the Board of Education in defending properly said didn't we ? It was the Saturday before the first hearing suit. Not only did your Attorney fail to receive any sup- before the Master. I don't remember whether he port whatever from the Superintendent and other mem- brought the subpoena to me on that Saturday or on a bers of the educational department, but he was con- later date. fronted throughout the trial of the case with the active "Mr. Todd: On Saturday, the 13th day of August, hostility of the Superintendent of Schools and of princi- pals of schools. he came down to your office ?. "A. Yes. " In support of the statements herein contained as to the disavowal by Mr. McAndrew, Superintendent of "Q. And did he exhibit to you the bill that he was Schools, of the answer filed in his behalf by your Attor- preparing in this case ? ney, the following excerpt from the testimony being a "A. Yes . voluntary statement made by Mr. McAndrew while on "Q. Did he secure from you any information in regard the witness stand, is herewith submitted: to drafting the bill ? “ “A. I will say now, without it going into the rec- "A. Not in regard to drafting the bill. He asked me ord, let me ask, is my name signed to that answer about the teacher -clerks and the resolution, and what I that Mr. Todd made yesterday ? was going to do. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 11 September 17, 1927 "Q. And did you tell him that you were in good faith was drawn without consultation of the Department of going to carry out this resolution ? Education to which is necessarily entrusted educational "A. I told him I did not know what we could do with affairs and which should be consulted on educational R it; one part of it read one way and the other the other, matters , I feel that the haste and misunderstanding evi- I could not make it out, but I thought that I would dent as responsible for this resolution, justifies all legiti- i appeal to the Board, or pray to the Board not to carry mate means to prevent the resolution to be put into it out because I did not think they understood it. effect, and believes that the taxpayers' request for per- manent prevention of carrying out this resolution should "Q. Did you give him a copy of the opinion of the be granted. Therefore, as a defendant, I admit the alle- Attorney General, Carlstrom ? gations of the bill and admit that the complainant is enti- "A. No, he had that. tled to the relief asked. 1 "Q. Did you give him any information that embodied "" Wm. McAndrew , the idea connected with those paragraphs (referring to " " Superintendent of Schools .' page 11 and top of page 12 of bill of complaint) ? "In conclusion, your Attorney feels that he would be "A. No-yes, hold on. I told him that the extra teach- recreant to his duties and obligations to the Board of ers were teachers and they taught, and the least impor- Education and the public school system as its attorney, tant part of their duty was clerical work. I told him that if he failed to bring these facts to the attention of the at that time. I presume he had this all in before, because Board. The situation that has developed in this case is it is not my writing. anomalous to say the least, and your Attorney believes "Q. After you received a subpoena to appear, did you that it is imperative for the best interests of the Board notify the law department ? of Education that all of the departments which have to "A. No. do with the carrying out of the purposes of the law, namely, the education of the children of Chicago, should "Q. Or anybody connected with the Board of Educa- tion? co -ordinate, and that each department owes a loyalty to the Board of Education, its laws , rules and enactments, "A. No. that not only requires but demands their obedience in "Q. Have you given the attorney for the complainant the carrying into force of such enactments ; that if one any instructions in regard to how he shall examine you department shall become rebellious regardless of the in this case, or what questions he should ask you ? reasons against the action of the Board of Education, no "A. Yes, sir, I gave him a statement of my beliefs in excuse should be tolerated by the Board if such actions 1 the form of questions and answers_on this proposition. militate against the carrying out of the rules, regulations and edicts of the Board of Education when the same "Q. Have you got a copy of that ? have been passed in accordance with the law. "Mr. Lavery: I haven't it here. It is in my office, but I will furnish it. "As head of the Law Department and entrusted with "The Master: I don't think this cross examination is the statutory duties as are prescribed by law, and the proper . rules of the Board of Education, it would be impossible for your Attorney to function if every member of the "The Witness : I move to strike it out . Board of Education, its officers and employes should "The Master: I will sustain that motion . elect for personal reasons or otherwise, to array them- "From the evidence above quoted, your Attorney is selves in a litigation for the purposes of preventing the forced to the conviction that the extra- teachers and their carrying out of the orders of the Board, when legally attorney, Mr. Lavery, were joined by Mr. McAndrew, enacted. Superintendent of Schools, in an understanding which " In the performance of what your Attorney conceives had for its object the resistance to and defeat of the reso- to be his bounden duty, the facts above set forth are lution passed by the unanimous vote of all the members called to the attention of the Board of Education, for of the Board of Education who were present, consisting such consideration and action as in its judgment is of nine, at the meeting of August 3, 1927. deemed meet and proper . "YOUR ATTORNEY FURTHER REPORTS "Respectfully submitted, F "Chicago, August 26, 1927." "Attorney. "That after the Superintendent had disavowed "(Signed JAMES TODD, the answer prepared by the Law Department on behalf of the Board of Education, its members , offi- cers and employes, denying any action taken or 1 contemplated to be taken by the Board of Education MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 1 was illegal and also denying that the complainant was entitled to a writ of injunction, the Superintendent of MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher Schools, Mr. McAndrew, filed in the Superior Court of Cook County, on August 23, 1927, his answer as Super- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten intendent of Schools of the City of Chicago, to the bill months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. of complaint of Julia A. Smith, complainant, and that THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, in his said answer the Superintendent set forth that the 15 Cents. answer filed by the Attorney of the Board of Education LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. was filed without his knowledge or consent and contained much which he could not subscribe to and that he did not ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of and does not subscribe to it; the answer, after discussing and criticising the resolution in question reads as follows : MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American "'Although I was not cognizant of the intention of the Bond and Mortgage Bldg ., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago taxpayer to complain of this resolution, the fact that it Phone Central 3904 12 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 Supreme Court Upholds Decision of Appellate Court Board Is Forced to Act Immediately Below is the opinion of the Appellate Court against the Board . rendered on March 2, 1927, sustaining the de- The extra-teachers asked for an injunction cision of the Superior Court. The refusal of in the Superior Court on August 17, 1927, to the Supreme Court on June 20, 1927, to review prevent the enforcement of the Board's resolu- this opinion made it final and binding on the tion adopted August 3, 1927, in compliance Board . with this opinion, but were denied it by Judge The Engineers on July 13, 1927, filed a pe- Williams on September 7. tition in the Circuit Court to enjoin the Board The gist of the decision is in the last 25 from enforcing this decision, but Judge Ryner, lines. Following is the full text of the de- on July 14, refused to grant an injunction cision : MR . JUSTICE O'CONNOR delivered the opinion of money to pay firemen whom they employ to take care of the court. the heating of the several school buildings. We think The People of the State of Illinois on relation of John this is sufficient to show that there is such a position J. Brennan, who alleged that he was a taxpayer and a or place of employment as that of stationery firemen. citizen of the City of Chicago, filed a petition against the Such place of employment, in the absence of statutory members of the Board of Education and the Civil Service or charter provisions need not necessarily be by formal Commissioners of the City of Chicago, praying that a ordinance, by-law or resolution, but it may be by con- writ of mandamus issue, directed to the defendants , com- tract, expressed or implied. People v. Coffin, 282 Ill. 599; manding that the Board of Education ascertain the num- O'Brien v. Frazier, 228 Ill. App. 118. But counsel for the ber of positions or places of employment of stationary defendants contend that if the writ is awarded in the firemen in the public schools in the City of Chicago, that instant case, its effect will be to require the Board of they make a report thereof to the Civil Service Commis- Education to create positions or places of employment sion, and that the Civil Service Commission prepare, and that this is in contravention of Sec. 129 of Chap. 122 after the regular procedure, a list of persons eligible for of Cahill's Statutes, which provides that the Board of such position or place of employment. General and spe- Education may appoint such employes as the Board may cial demurrers were filed. They were overruled and the deem necessary. We think this contention is unsound. defendants having elected to stand by the demurrers , an The facts as above stated clearly show that the places of order was entered awarding the writ as prayed for. employment are now in existence by virtue of the fact The defendants contend that the petition is insufficient that firemen are now employed and being paid for heat- in that it fails to show that there was in existence such ing the various school buildings, and by virtue of Sec. a position or place of employment as stationary firemen 129, supra, such employes are placed under the Civil in the public schools. It is obvious that if the petition Service Act. That section provides that a Superinten- fails to show that there was such a position or place of dent of Schools, a Business Manager and an Attorney, employment, it would be insufficient. But we are of the and the attorney's assistants and the teachers are exempt opinion that the contention of the defendants is unten- from the civil service law. All others are subject to the able . The allegations of the petition, so far as it is neces- provisions of that act. We think the writ was properly awarded. sary to state them, are: that the City Council of the City of Chicago appropriated more than $50,500,000.00 for The defendants further contend that the petitioner's school purposes for the year of 1925, and that of this sum remedy, if any, is in chancery by way of a bill for an $4,567,798.00 was for the operation of the various injunction to prevent the illegal expenditure of the school buildings and school plants ; that out of this latter money. With this contention we are unable to agree, sum, there are appropriated large sums of money for the because under the law the firemen should be appointed payment of salaries of "engineer- custodians." The peti- in accordance with the civil service law. Nor do we think tion then sets up that there is appropriated out of these there is merit in the further contention that the awarding moneys to pay the salary of the engineer-custodian of of the writ would disarrange the public service of the the Austin High School $21,653.00, then follow twelve schools . The stationary firemen who are now employed other designated schools where the appropriation for the by the schools , as the record discloses, are subject to the engineer - custodian runs as high as $50,000.00 per year, provisions of the civil service act, and they should be and it is averred that the engineer- custodian uses a part appointed according to that act. We are unable to see of this money to pay the salaries of firemen employed in how the awarding of the writ would disarrange the oper- the several school buildings; that the Board of Education ation of the several school buildings and even if there has delegated to the engineer- custodian, the power to was any disarrangement, this would be no excuse, be- appoint stationary firemen and to pay them out of money appropriated to the engineer- custodian and that this is cause the law must be followed until it is changed by the law making body. being done. The judgment of the Superior Court of Cook County From these allegations it appears that large sums of is affirmed. money are appropriated and set apart for payment to AFFIRMED . the engineer-custodians and that they use part of this TAYLOR, P. J., AND THOMSON, J., CONCUR . September 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 13 10 Master Recommends Denial of Extra Teachers' Injunction Report Sustained by Judge Williams Below is the report to the Superior Court clerks' petition was dismissed and the injunc- presented by Master in Chancery Bernstein tion asked for was denied . 13 on September 7, 1927, recommending that the This denial was based on the Appellate Court decision of March 2, 1927, printed in full injunction asked by the Extra Teachers on on page 2. Embodied in this report of the th August 17, 1927, be denied . The Master's re- Master's is the extra-teachers' resolution, to port was sustained by Judge Charles Williams stop the enforcement of which the teacher- on September 7, entered of record , the teacher- clerks brought their proceeding . STATE OF ILLINOIS Whereas, this board has been devised by its attorney COUNTY OF COOK {SS . that in his opinion the position of the Civil Service Com- mission is well taken and that there is no warrant in law Report filed in Superior Court Sept. 7, 1927. Judge 1 Williams confirmed the report on September 7 and dis- for appointing members of the teaching force to any line missed the case, the injunction asked by the extra teach- of work other than that of an instructional nature ; 11 ers was denied. Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved that all appointments IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF COOK COUNTY to position of employment in the public school system Julia A. Smith, Complainant which involve its business administration or clerical work vs. of any and every kind, shall be made pursuant to the THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE terms of the Civil Service law, and to that end that the CITY OF CHICAGO, et al., Defendants Superintendent of Schools be directed to forthwith ar- No. 462740 range for the transfer to instructional work of all mem- MASTER'S REPORT bers of the teaching force who have been assigned to TO THE HONORABLE JUDGES OF THE SUPERIOR any other line of employment; COURT OF COOK COUNTY, IN CHANCERY And Be It Further Resolved that any action heretofore SITTING : taken by this Board in the way of authorizing the assign- Complainant is a tax payer and a resident of ment of members of the teaching force to any work other than that directly concerned with the instruction the City of Chicago . The principal defendant of pupils and the necessary supervision thereof, or in is the Board of Education of the City of Chi- making provision in the budget for the compensation cago. The members of the Board, the Superin- of persons so performing such work or in any other tendent of Schools, the City of Chicago and way sanctioning the employment of members of the certain other city officers are also parties de- teaching force in the positions rightfully falling within fendant. the purview of the Civil Service law be and hereby is rescinded; it being the intention of this Board to rescind, Complainant seeks to enjoin the defendants and it hereby does rescind, any authority for the continu- and others from "adopting, enforcing or put- ance of the practice of assigning or employing members ting into effect, or in any way carrying out the of the teaching force under the guise or appellation of so-called "extra teachers' resolution " passed 'Extra teachers , ' 'Teacher clerks,' 'School clerks,' or of any other title or designation, in the offices of principals, by the Board of Education on August 3, 1927, supervisors , directors, district superintendents, assistant 1 and which reads as follows : superintendents , or superintendent, to any line of work "EXTRA- TEACHERS - TRANSFER TO TEACHING excepting that of instruction or the supervision thereof; POSITIONS And Be It Further Resolved that the Superintendent of Schools be and he is hereby directed to forthwith make Whereas, the Civil Service Commission of the City of requisition for the certification by the Civil Service Com- Chicago has advised this Board of Education that after mission of such employes as may be necessary to carry a thorough and careful investigation, it has determined on all clerical and business administrative activities of that the practice followed for some years of assigning the Educational Department." members of the teaching force or other persons holding [Above Resolution is printed in proceedings of Board certificates as teachers or principals to the performance of duties of a clerical nature or those concerned almost of Education of August 3, 1927. Page 101. Report No. 18074.] entirely with business administration, under the title of The Board of Education and the individual 'Extra teachers,' ' Teacher clerks ,' or ' School clerks,' or otherwise, is a direct violation of the Civil Service law, members thereof filed a joint answer to the and has demanded that such practice be discontinued bill. The Superintendent of Schools filed a and that all the positions created by or existing under this separate answer giving his personal views as Board other than those connected with the actual work an Educator and his interpretation of the 1927 of instruction or the supervision thereof, be filled under and pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Service law; resolution. The City of Chicago and certain and officers filed a demurrer . 14 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 The powers of the Board of Education of the Part of the resolution, when taken by itself, City of Chicago are all to be found in the Stat- might be interpreted to mean that some of the utes of the State of Illinois . The rights of the teachers or some of the assistant principals are Superintendent of Schools and the manner in intended to be placed under Civil Service Act which teachers are to be employed, transferred and particularly the following language : or discharged are all provided for by statute. "All appointments to positions of em- (Here follow Sections 129 and 130 of School ployment in the public school system Law and the original resolution adopted by which involve its business administration the Board of Education, Dec. 1, 1909, creating or clerical work of any and every kind, position of extra teachers. ) shall be made pursuant to the terms of the *** Civil Service Law." The evidence shows that there are approxi- The Board cannot place teachers under the mately three hundred extra teachers employed Civil Service Law because teachers are spe- in the schools of the City of Chicago . It is con- tended that these extra teachers are about to cially excepted by statute. It must therefore be discharged under the 1927 resolution and be intended to cover only those doing purely clerical work and whether they hold teachers' that other persons are to be employed to do the certificates or not, if all of their time is devoted work now being done by the extra teachers by to clerical work and they desire to continue in requisition from the Civil Service Commission that work they must come under Civil Service for employes under the jurisdiction of that Law. Commission. It is also contended that much litigation will ensue because the Board of Edu- The resolution may be divided into two parts . cation will refuse to pay the salaries of the ex- tra teachers . In the first part it criticizes the practice of It would appear from the Bill of Complaint, assigning members of the teaching force to the from statements of some of the witnesses, and "performance of duties of a clerical nature or from the answer of the Superintendent of those concerned almost entirely with business Schools that the resolution directed a whole- administration" and the resolution states that sale dismissal of the so -called “ extra teachers ." those performing such duties must qualify under the Civil Service Law. The resolution I do not so interpret the resolution. The Board cannot, by resolution, dismiss those teachers directs that the selection of such employes be who had passed probationary period and held made pursuant to the terms of the Civil Serv- their certificates . ice Law. The Superintendent of Schools is directed to transfer to instructional work " all Section 138, Chapter 122 of the Statutes of the State of Illinois, reads in part as follows : members of the teaching force who have been (Here follow Sections 138 and 161. ) assigned to any other line of employment." *** Unquestionably, persons doing clerical work, whether employed in the educational depart- Any teacher discharged would have an ade- ment or any other department belong under quate remedy in the Courts . the Civil Service Act . The court cannot look outside of the plead- The resolution directs the Superintendent ings or the evidence. The charge has been of Schools to make requisition from the Civil made that the resolution attempts to place Service Commission for "such employes as may teachers under the Civil Service Law. The be necessary to carry on all clerical and busi- Board of Education cannot do that. The reso- ness administrative activities of the Education lution does not purport to do that . Department ." All such employes, if there be Moreover, Judge Frank S. Righeimer, speak- any, properly belong under the Civil Service ing for the Board of Education, made the fol- Act. lowing statement : " In behalf of the Board of Education, and after con- The misunderstanding arises from the fact ference with Mr. Coath in this matter, I am authorized to that while the law excepts teachers from Civil say that it was and is the intention of the Board of Edu- Service jurisdiction, it does not prevent any cation that all of the persons now employed as ' teacher- teacher with any kind of a teacher's certifi- clerks' or ' extra teachers' should be immediately assigned cate, from applying for any position which to teacher's positions at teacher's salaries without loss of pay. properly comes under Civil Service jurisdic- I make this statement in order to clear up any mis- tion. apprehension as to the intent and effect of the Board's In other words, while teachers are especially resolution of August 3, 1927." exempt from the jurisdiction of the Civil Ser- The resolution must be read as a whole. vice Law, the exemption only covers them September 17 , 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 15 while they are teachers . They can come under things are detrimental to the successful management, good the Civil Service Law if they should desire to order and discipline of the schools, and the rules required to produce these conditions." do so . It is apparent from the decisions that the Under our law the Board of Education is in Board of Education is in charge of the schools charge of the public schools. The wisdom of and has complete authority over them. The its acts and policies cannot be questioned. Superintendent of Schools is subject to direc- Much has been said about the development of tion and control of the Board. Whether that is the work of the schools and especially of the for the best interest of the schools or not is a + work being done by the so-called “extra teach- matter over which the Courts have no jurisdic- ers. " No matter what previous Superinten- tion. The legislature has enacted the law and dents and Educators or Boards may have we are bound by it. The Supreme Court in thought, the present Board of Education may, Italia American Shipping Corporation v. Nel- in its judgment, decide to change the policy. son ( 323 111. 427) has said ( p. 439 ) : It would have that right. "It is not within the province of the Court to pass on The Supreme Court of our State, in the case the unreasonableness of an Act of the General Assembly." of People ex rel, Ida L. M. Fursman v. City It may be that the Superintendent of of Chicago , said : Schools knows better how to conduct the sys- "By the statute the board of education in cities having tem ; that his judgment is worth more. It is a population of 100,000 or more is given complete control of the schools of the city. Among its powers is that of possible too, that the Board of Education employing teachers and fixing the amount of their com- knows best. The law gives the Board the *** pensation. The board has the absolute right to power. It has the right to say that it prefers decline to employ or to re- employ any application for to have Civil Service Employes, ordinary ste- any reason whatever or for no reason at all. The board nographers and clerks, do the clerical work, is responsible for its action only to the people of the and to have teachers do only teacher's work. city, from whom, through the Mayor, members have re- ceived their appointments. It is no infringement upon the The information apparently was given to constitutional rights of anyone for the board to decline the Board of Education that with the tremen- to employ him as a teacher in the schools , and it is imma- dous growth of some of the schools there was terial whether the reason for the refusal to employ him sufficient work of a clerical and stenographic is because the applicant is married or unmarried, is of fair nature to keep one person busy all of the time complexion or dark, is or is not a member of a trades union, or whether no reason is given for such refusal. and there were persons with a teacher's cer- The board is not bound to give any reason for its action. tificate spending their time doing clerical *** Questions of policy are solely for determination work . The resolution so states . If that be of the board and when they have once been determined true, then the Board is of the opinion that by it the courts will not inquire into their propriety." requisition should be made for a Civil Service There was a special concurring opinion by employe and that no teacher should be used Judges Carter and Farmer in which the two for that purpose. Judges said : Much has been said in behalf of the com- "The Board of Education is charged with the mainte- nance of the public schools and the employment of teach- plainant and in the answer of the Superinten- ers therein. It may enact all reasonable rules for the dent of Schools about the prior policy in the promotion of the efficiency of the schools under its con- school system of Chicago and about the opinion trol. This power does not, however, include the power to of educators as to the change contemplated by adopt any kind of an arbitrary rule for the employment the present Board of Education. No matter of teachers it chooses to adopt, for a rule can easily be imagined the adoption of which would be unreasonable, what the Court may think, the law is settled contrary to public policy, and on the face of it not cal- that the Board has the power to ignore prior culated to promote the best interest and welfare of the policy and the opinion of educators and the schools. In our opinion courts would have the power, only question before us is whether or not the in the interest of the public good, to prohibit the enforce- Board had the right to pass the resolution of ments of such arbitrary rule." August 3, 1927. In the case of Wilson v. Board of Education , Recommendations 233 111. 464, the Court says on page 470 : "The power of the board of education to control and I am of the opinion that the Board had that manage the schools and to adopt rules and regulations right. I therefore recommend that the prayer necessary for that purpose is ample and full. The rules for an injunction be denied and the Bill of and by- laws necessary to a proper conduct and manage- Complaint dismissed. ment of the schools are, and must necessarily be, left All of which is respectfully submitted, this to the discretion of the board, and its acts will not be interfered with nor set aside by the courts unless there seventh day of September, A. D. 1927 . is a clear abuse of the power and discretion conferred. FREDERICK BERNSTEIN Acting reasonably within the powers conferred, it is the Master in Chancery of the Superior province of the board of education to determine what Court of Cook County 16 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 Board of Education Transfers 227 Extra Teachers At the meeting of the Board of Education on printed below with the names of the teachers Sept. 14, there were 227 extra teachers trans- omitted. ferred as indicated in report No. 18360-A EXTRA TEACHERS-TRANSFER TO REASONS-These transfers are being made in accord- ance with the action of the Board of Education recom- ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS mending that extra teachers be transferred to teaching TO THE BOARD OF EDUCATION , CHICAGO : positions in the departments for which they hold cer- tificates . RECOMMENDED that the following teachers be trans- ferred from positions of Extra Teacher to vacancy in FINANCIAL-Appropriations provided for in budget. Elementary School : WM. J. BOGAN, * * * * Asst. Supt . of Schools . [Here follow 188 names and after each name of the Prepared by school from which and to which transferred . Three of C. E. DE BUTTS . the 188 were transferred from offices of District Super- Asst. Supt. of Schools intendents , two from Continuation schools, three from September 14, 1927 Chicago Normal College, forty from High schools and thirty - nine from Elementary schools . ] RESOLUTION ADOPTED REEMPLOYING RECOMMENDED that the following teachers who hold Kindergarten Certificates be transferred from the posi- NORMAL GRADUATES AS CLERKS tion of Extra Teacher to vacancies in Kindergartens : Following is the motion proved by the Board * * * * of Education, September 14, authorizing the [ Here follow 14 names, four of which are transfers employment of normal graduates as clerks from High schools, 10 from Elementary schools. ] and fixing their pay at $150 a month : RECOMMENDED that the following named extra teach- MRS . HEFFERAN : I move that the school clerks now ers be transferred as supernumerary teachers to per- employed and hereafter to be employed in the schools to form substitute service pending the time that there are assist in the clerical work in the principals' offices and vacancies to which they may be transferred : perform work heretofore done by members of the teach- * * * * ing force designated as teacher-clerks who were ordered by the Board's action of August 3, 1927, to be transferred [Here follow names of 17 extra teachers and the back to their teaching work be paid at the rate of $125 names of Elementary schools from which they were per month for the summer vacation schools and $150 per transferred . ] month from the beginning of school in September, 1927; RECOMMENDED that the following named extra teach- and I further move that until the qualifications and grad- ers holding kindergarten certificates be transferred as ings for such positions are established to the satisfaction of the Civil Service Commission and the examination held supernumerary teachers to perform substitute service pending the time that there are vacant positions in kin- therefor that such positions shall be filled from graduates dergartens to which they may be transferred: -from the list of graduates of the Chicago Normal Col- lege, or those with similar educational qualifications . [Here follow names and the 8 Elementary schools from From Excerpts from Stenographic Report of Board of Education , which they were transferred. ] September 14, 1927 . Teachers Retire Under Law Passed by Legislature The Governor, on June 24, signed House pension the teachers may be entitled to under Bill No. 130, which on June 15 as the last the Teachers' Pension Law. Bulletin was going to press, had passed both Since the Bill was signed, 34 teachers from Houses of the Legislature. This is the amend- 65 to 70 years of age have retired voluntarily ment to the Miller 70-year Compulsory Re- under this law and are drawing from $1,000 tirement Law of 1926 and provides for to $ 1,500 a year from the Board of Education voluntary retirement of teachers between 65 in addition to their pensions. Of the total 34 and 70 years of ago on amounts ranging reported by the Board as retiring August 26 from $ 1,000 to $ 1,500 a year, to be paid by and September 6, twenty-two retired from the Board of Education in addition to any Emeritus Service and 12 from active service. September 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 17 ! Injunction Proceedings Filed Against Teachers ' Pension Board Would Prevent Payment of Increases On July 29, 1927, a petition was filed in the In his letter Mr. Peterson expressed a desire Superior Court of Cook County asking for an that an agreement be reached between the Teachers ' Pension Board and Mr. Marshall be- injunction against the Chicago Teachers' Pen- sion Board and the City Treasurer to prevent fore any checks are issued for the payment of the payment of the increases in teachers' pen- pensions to teachers who retired prior to July sions which the Legislature of 1923 author- 1, 1923 . After conferences between Mr. Greenacre ized the Pension Board to pay to teachers who had retired on pension before July 1, 1923 . and Mr. Marshall, the Pension Board on Fri- day, September 16, acting on the advice of Mr. The suit was brought in the name of John Greenacre, directed that on account of the W. Porter, on his own behalf as a taxpayer and notification from the City Treasurer, payment on behalf of other taxpayers similarly situated shall be made to pensioners who were placed who may choose to join with him in this suit. on pension before July 1, 1923 of only that The theory of the suit is that the pension amount which was allowed by the law in force which these teachers were receiving prior to June 30, 1923 , and that all increases author- 1923 is " deferred compensation," and that the ized after June 30, 1923, shall be held in the amount of such "deferred compensation" once pension fund till further order of the Pension fixed by one Legislature cannot be increased by Board. Pension warrants and receipts to these any subsequent Legislature. pensioners will state specifically that the The petition questions the constitutionality amounts received are paid " On Account, " of the teachers' pension law passed by the thereby protecting the rights of the pensioners Legislature of 1923 insofar as that law pro- to the amount of the increase so held . The vides for increases in pension to be paid to Pension Board directed that notice of this teachers who were drawing pensions at the action be sent to the proper public officials time the law was passed in 1923. It does not and to all pensioners and all teachers . affect the increases of pensions of teachers In the injunction petition the residence of who were in the service at the time the law the complaining taxpayer, John W. Porter is was passed . The number of teachers now on not given. A similar petition was filed in the pension whose pensions will be affected by this Superior Court on the same day, July 29, in action is 658. The total amount involved in the name of Mr. Porter, asking an injunction against the Policemen's Pension Board and the these increases received by pensioners who City Treasurer. There is a formidable array were drawing pensions prior to July 1, 1923, of well-known attorneys whose names appear is $ 168,000 per year . on both petitions as solicitors for the obscure Mr. I. T. Greenacre, Attorney for the Pen- Mr. Porter, among them the former attorney sion Board, will appear on behalf of the Pen- for the Board of Education, Mr. Angus Roy sion Board when the case is called . To date Shannon, and a well-known attorney whose there has been no hearing on the petition, no name is associated with injunction cases time fixed for a hearing and no summons brought by railroads to stop the payment of served on the Teachers ' Pension Board . taxes . The newspapers report that the Civic The City Treasurer, Mr. Charles S. Peter- Federation is behind these suits . son, on September 15, notified the Teachers ' Pension Board, in writing, that he has been ad- CE NE FAIT RIEN vised by his attorney, Mr. Thomas Marshall , "How did you enjoy your travels ? Tell me that the constitutional questions presented by about them . " this petition are of such nature that the Su- " I had a wonderful time ." preme Court of the State will undoubtedly have to pass on them and that the City Treas- "Were you in Paris , London, and Berlin ?" urer is unsafe in paying public funds to the "I really couldn't tell you. My husband pensioners until these injunction suits are dis- bought all the tickets." - Buen Humor, posed of in the Supreme Court. Madrid. 18 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 Teachers Get Leaves Following Passage of Sabbatical Rule Board of Education Takes Action on August 3 Some 15 teachers have applied for Sabbatical leave, following action taken by the Board of Education, August 3, when the Board adopted the Sabbatical Leave of Absence rule. The teachers who have applied, have been granted leaves of absence by the Board of Education . Following is the rule as passed by the Board : "Article 2. Sec. 7. ( Sabbatical Leave of Absence.) "Upon the expiration of leave granted pursuant to this The Superintendent shall have authority, with the section, the teacher or principal shall be reassigned to approval of the Board of Education, to grant leave of the position formerly occupied, provided, however, that absence for a period of one year or for one-half year for satisfactory evidence be presented, showing that the any or all of the following purposes : period of leave has been utilized in good faith for the sole "(a) Study along lines relating exclusively to purpose for which it was granted. This evidence, in case schools and school work . of leave for study, shall be in the form of a certificate "(b) Travel which shall not involve to the em- from a college or university of recognized standing, show- ploye any financial remuneration or benefit. ing work that shall be satisfactory to the Superintendent "(c) Observation of schools and school work of Schools and the Board of Education; in case of travel, outside of the City of Chicago . either a passport or an affidavit by the employe, specify. "This leave may be granted at the completion of seven ing the places visited and the time spent in each . years or more of continuous satisfactory service as "Any employe who shall make application for leave teacher or principal in the public schools of the City of under the provisions of this rule and who shall fail to Chicago, and at the completion of any subsequent period devote the entire period to the purposes specified in his of seven years or more of such service. Granting of leave under the provisions of this rule for a period of one application for leave, or who shall during said period be engaged in any other occupation or employment, shall be year, or for any less period, shall be a bar to any further leave hereunder until after the completion of at least deemed guilty of such violation of the rules of the Board of Education as to constitute ground for the filing of seven years additional continuous satisfactory service. charges and dismissal from the service. Applications for leave under the provisions of this sec- tion shall be made in writing, over the personal signature "Temporary vacancies due to the granting of leave of the applicant. Not more than two teachers in the under the provisions of this rule shall be filled on the same school shall be granted leave at any one time. recommendation of the Superintendent of Schools, ap- Preference shall be given to those who have reached the proved by the Board of Education, by persons holding maximum of the salary schedule, seniority in service the the appropriate certificate and qualified for such service; deciding factor between applicants meeting the general so far as possible appointments to be made to cover the requirements of salary maximum and satisfactory service . entire period of absence and to avoid changes in in- "During the period of absence under such leave, when structuors during said period. duly granted, the employe shall be paid the salary which " Respectfully submitted, he or she would be paid for regular service, less the " Walter H. Brandenburg , amount paid for substitute service, payment to be made "Chairman." under the procedure adopted by the Board of Education for payment of members of the teaching force. Excerpts from meeting of the Board of Education, August 3, 1927. Teachers ! Chicago Symphony Orchestra Popular Concerts Teachers desiring tickets to the popular con- Will you help us keep an accurate subscrip- certs at Orchestra Hall will please communi- tion list by notifying us promptly of a change cate with Mrs. May Owens Kinsey, 5712 in address ? Please give your old as well as Harper Ave. Full information will be sent on request . your new address. If you fail to receive the Bulletin or know of a teacher who does not "Did you give your penny to the Sunday get hers, will you phone us ? We will appre- School, Robert ?" asked the mother. "No, ma. I lost it." ciate your co-operation in reporting any fail- "What ? Lost another one ? That makes ure of the Bulletin to reach its destination . three Sundays straight you've lost your penny?" Margaret Haley's Bulletin. "Yes, but if I keep it up I'll win ' em back. Phone Central 3904. That kid's luck can't last forever." September 16, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 19 Salary Cut Announcement Comes at Opportune Time Mrs. Young in 1915 Asked That Teachers Donate One Month's Services In 1915, Mrs. Ella Flagg Young, Superin- The Chicago Teachers Federation at its tendent of Schools, aroused the teachers, meeting Saturday, Sept. 17, called a mass B whose salaries had been increased in 1914, to meeting of teachers to be held at the Stude- the need of increased revenue by her recom- baker Theater Friday, Sept. 23, after school, mendation to the Finance Committee of the where teachers may learn what to do to avert Board of Education that the Board ask the this cut. teachers to donate one month without salary. The only hope now of preventing a salary This suggestion was made at an opportune cut is united action by the entire teaching time. The Legislature was in session, and the force now. teachers sent their representatives to Spring- The program of the Chicago Teachers ' Fed- field to seek relief for them . It was forth- eration for immediate action to prevent the Σ coming and the cut was averted. proposed 20% salary cut will be presented at In 1927, while there has been no increase in this meeting . salaries, the talk of salary "increases" has been in the air so incessantly that it seems as A 20% salary cut means an aggregate loss though the announcement by the President of of Six Million Dollars a year to the Twelve Thousand teachers or an average loss of $500 the Board of a possible 20% cut in salaries ap- fr a year per teacher. ‫ا‬ pearing in the newspapers for the last 60 days as shown by the newspaper articles here re- This proposed salary cut means the wiping produced, comes at an opportune time, too- out of the annual increases ranging from $300 while the assessing bodies are still in session, to $500 a year per teacher obtained five years and the quadrennial assessment not yet com- ago through the efforts of the Chicago Teach- pleted. ers ' Federation . 1 COATH PLEDGES SALARY BOOSTS COATH PROMISES PAY RAISE FOR FOR TEACHERS TEACHERS SEPT. 1 1 Mayor Thompson's pledge that teachers' salaries would Increased salaries for teachers based upon an entirely be raised to a “fair and equitable standard" will be carried new schedule to be worked out by the Board of Educa- out within thirty days by the Board of Education, Presi- tion during the next thirty days were promised yester- ‫ا‬ dent J. Lewis Coath announced yesterday. day by President J. Lewis Coath on instructions from " Salaries will be raised as far as available funds will Mayor Thompson. permit," said Mr. Coath. " That was the mayor's first The reported deficit in the educational fund, Mr. Coath instruction to me. said, is no deficit at all and there is a sufficient surplus "When schools open in the Fall, teachers will be on to grant raises all around, effective next September. Chicago Tribune, June 5, 1927. the new pay schedule, for already we see where the re- ported deficit, which was supposed to threaten even pres- Haley, business manager of the Chicago Teachers' Fed- ent salaries next January and February, will be wiped eration. out." Chicago Herald and Examiner, June 5, 1927. "Miss Haley succeeded in blocking Mayor Thompson's * * * revenue bill at Springfield, which would have met the deficit by permitting the school system to transfer 40 TEACHERS' PAY CUT 20 PCT. per cent of their building fund to the educational fund. FOR COMING YEAR "With the blocking of that bill the schools have been left in the lurch. We do not know how to avert the $4,500,000 Deficit Given as Cause; Blame Laid to crisis except by cutting the teachers' salary. And, ac- Instructors Blocking Bill cording to our present figures, that cut will have to be All Chicago school teachers' salaries will be cut 20 per about 20 per cent." cent when school opens next September, as a result of a Hope They'll Cooperate financial crisis, it was announced last night by President Mr. Coath added that another attempt to meet the J. Lewis Coath of the Board of Education . situation was thwarted when the city council recently re- "The public school system faces a deficit of $4,500,000,” fused to confirm a referendum to increase the educational said Mr. Coath . " It is a question of either slashing teach- fund 50 cents on the dollar . ers' pay or closing the schools for two months. And as "The salary cut," he said, "will have to go into effect long as I am president of the board the schools will not as soon as the schools open this Fall. We sincerely hope be closed. the teachers will understand the situation with which "The crisis is due to influence exerted by the teachers we are confronted and cooperate with us." themselves through their representative, Miss Margaret Miss Haley said in Springfield: 20 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 "The records of the building department show that TEACHERS FACE DEEP SLASH IN $2,000,000,000 worth of buildings were erected in the last PAY, COATH SAYS four years in Chicago. "If these values were placed on the tax books and all property equitably assessed, there would be enough rev- He Asserts that a $4,500,000 Deficit Is the Cause enue to support the school system , give the teachers a Chicago school teachers face a 20 per cent reduction in raise in pay, and lighten the burdens of the smaller tax- pay next September, according to a statement today by payer." President Coath of the school board. A $4,500,000 deficit Chicago Herald and Examiner , June 30, 1927 . is the cause. * * * "Either the schools must shut down for two months or the pay of teachers will be lowered, if the $4,500,000 CUT TEACHERS' PAY NEXT YEAR, deficit in the school system is to be met," explained Mr. COATH THREAT Coath . "While I am president the schools will not be President J. Lewis Coath of the school board said yes- closed, so there is only the other alternative." terday that school teachers' salaries will be cut in Sep- Defeat of Mayor Thompson's school bills at Springfield tember-probably. His statement, some school people was offered by Coath as being responsible for the drastic thought, was calculated to take the edge off any feeling steps to meet the deficit. With the mayor's school fund of triumph Margaret Haley and the Chicago Teachers ' proposals passed, the necessary funds would have been federation may have felt in the defeat of Mayor Thomp- obtainable, he said. son's bill to split the school building fund. Coath blamed Miss Margaret Haley, business manager "With the defeat of the bill it becomes a question of of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, for the blocking of closing the schools for two months or of slashing the the legislative bills. Indirectly, the teachers themselves teachers' pay," said Mr. Coath. "As long as I am presi- are to blame for what probably will happen in the fall, dent of the board the schools shall not be closed." President Coath reminded. Cut About Equals Deficit Meanwhile, Miss Haley, in Springfield, pointed out that Mr. Coath opines that a 20 per cent cut in teachers' pay proper assessment of the $2,000,000 worth of property next September will make up the $4,500,000 deficit which constructed in Chicago during the last four years would he forecasts, and it also was suggested that he felt this provide sufficient school funds, increase the salaries of would be a suitable punishment to the federation and teachers , and at the same time decrease the taxes of the Miss Haley, its business manager, for getting in the way smaller property owner . of the mayor's revenue program . Chicago Post, June 30, 1927. "The school financial crisis," Mr. Coath said, "is due to the fact that Miss Haley succeeded in blocking the SCHOOLS FACE BANKRUPTCY OR measure which would have permitted the school system SALARY CUT, SAYS COATH to transfer 40 per cent of its building fund to meet the coming deficit." Board Has Funds for Fall Only Note of Kindly Regret Mr Coath added a note of regret and indicated his $600,000,000 Increase in Assessment Review Is Sole Way Out, Declares President kindly feelings towards the teaching body when he said: "We sincerely hope the teachers will understand the sit- Absolute bankruptcy of Chicago's school fund or a uation with which we are confronted and cooperate 20 per cent reduction in teachers' salaries are the alterna- with us ." tives confronting the Board of Education, President J. Lewis Coath declared last night. Margaret Haley at Springfield called attention to the $2,000,000,000 worth of building construction during the At the present rate of pay, he said, every penny of school funds will be exhausted next January 4. last four years in Chicago, which, she said, if properly " If Margaret Haley of the Teachers' Federation, who assessed, would give the teachers a substantial raise in keeps saying there will be money available, will quit pay and lighten the load of the small taxpayers. talking generalities and show us where funds can be Some of the teachers were inclined to think Mr. Coath, in the final analysis , would not cut any of their salaries . obtained, she will be doing the board and the Chicago Chicago Daily Tribune, June 30, 1927 . teachers a great service," Mr. Coath asserted. "The fig- SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS ORSETS EMODELING - STORAGE REENBERG'S DRESS SHOP Afull line of ready-to-wear Fur Coats and Scarfs Gossard Corsets C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison G A shop devoted exclusively to the youthful R STOUT FIGURE OLDFARB where all Fittings are Personally S. Greenspan RELIABLE Exclusive Millinery supervised and guaranteed. Spe- G Especially Reduced Prices to Teachers 1425 Stevens Building "Home of Happy Hats" cial discount to teachers . Room 1214 Stevens Bldg . ManufacturingFURRIER 1135 E. 63rd St. September 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 21 ures we have prepared are not estimates or guesses. They represent actual statements of money on hand and Exclusive...butnotExpensive ADiscount of obligations that cannot be deferred." of Borrowed Money Mr. Coath points out the educational fund is based on MurrayBlackCo. 21 N. Wabash Ave. 10% Allowed to School borrowed money and that last January 1 the only avail- Ground Floor Teachers able school funds were $4,679,679 of money remaining Between Madison and Washington from the previous year's borrowings and the ability to CHICAGO'S GREATEST borrow $27,195,541 against the taxes due in 1928. Murray Black "Every cent of actual cash coming from taxes went to pay the previous year's borrowings," he said. FUR FursAre Guaranteed "There are other funds, for specific purposes, which SALE brought the total educational fund for all purposes to MUSKRAT COATS-Silver and dark $43,000,000. Of this amount there was left on June 1 Skins trimmed with Fox collars Full length. $26,524,927. It will require, to pay off loans and interest, Special $ 225 to buy supplies and pay teachers, $25,257,237 to Decem- HUDSON SEAL Luxurious full length models . Skunk (Marten), ber 31. That looks as though we'd have $1,267,690 left, but we won't. Squirrel, Kolinsky and mink $275 trimmed . Special CARACUL COATS - In the new "Because expected income on leases, state appropria- shades of Chestnut Brown and gray, trimmed with Fox collar and cuffs . tions and distribution expense will not be received, this Full length . will shorten our income by $1,003,000, leaving exactly Special at $150 $254,000 available on January 1, 1928. That is borrowed JAP MINK - Beautifully trimmed with Fox collars . money, and we are at the extreme limit of borrowing For only $395 RACCOON COATS for the college power now. In other years there was a reserve of bor- girl. Flapper and Tomboy Raccoon rowing power available, but that has gradually been coats. Made to sell for $450. 42 inches long. Dark skins. consumed. Special at MARMINK COATS $265 600 Million Needed Beautifully finished, smart Mink appearance. Impressive examples of workman- "We have saved $165,000 by lopping off illegally em- ship. Specially priced ployed teachers. This, with $254,000, will hire teachers this sale $175 three days, if they quit early on the third day. Then we Other Values Just As Great Buy with Confidence. Murray-Black A Small Deposit are bankrupt. All this is predicated on paying the pres- Co. guarantees every garment to Holds ent teachers' schedule. give utmost satisfaction. Reliable Your Choice skins, highest grade of workmanship. "No money will be obtainable until the last week in See them and be convinced. February, 1928. So a 20 per cent cut in salaries will enable us to get by, but that will be only for this year. It would take a $600,000,000 increase in the quadrennial Phone Dearborn 4892 assessment review to tide us over. That is beyond hope. "In the teachers' salary funds alone there was left on " EUGENIE " June 1 for payments to teachers, $16,950,000. The present FRENCH MODISTE .. salary list, including June payments, totals $16,679,000. 15 E. Washington St. Room 218 That shows $271,000 left on January 1." Chicago, III . The salary cut now being prepared will apply when GOWNS, BLOUSES and REMODELING schools open September 6, according to present plans . Chicago Herald and Examiner, July 8, 1927. able until next February, he declared. With a reduction it is possible to pass safely over the difficulties for 1928, COATH CERTAIN TEACHERS MUST at least, he said. TAKE PAY CUT Financial obligations, the use of borrowed money which must be repaid, are among other reasons for the contem- Or Schools Face Bankruptcy, He Declares plated action. To overcome the salary problem of the board, it would be necessary to have a $600,000,000 in- J. Lewis Coath, president of the School Board, is quite crease in the quadrennial assessment review, Coath said. certain either teachers must accept a 20 per cent pay This, he believes, is virtually impossible. reduction or the schools face bankruptcy in the coming Chicago Evening Post, July 8, 1927. year. He made similar statements not so long ago, arousing loud and earnest protest from many sources . COATH NOW HOPES HE WON'T Unless pay is decreased, educational funds will be ex- hausted by next January, advised the board president HAVE TO CUT SCHOOL PAY today. Mr. Coath, in his remarks, mentioned Margaret Haley, fighting representative of the Chicago Teachers' May Eliminate Extras and Some Higher-Ups Federation, who could, he said, perform a great service if she would show where necessary funds might be obtained. Recent threats by J. Lewis Coath, School Board presi- Miss Haley has been one of the strongest opponents of dent, that all teachers' salaries would have to be cut 20 Coath's pay-cut proposal, asserting necessary funds can per cent beginning in September because of the failure be made available. of the administration's plan to divert money from the Citing a reason for salary reduction, President Coath building fund were qualified yesterday when Mr. Coath said much expected income will not be received. He announced that he saw a "glimmer of hope" for the pointed out only $254,000 will be available for teachers' teachers. salaries next January 1. No other money will be avail- Relief for the suffering pedagogue, Mr. Coath said, has 22 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 been his chief concern for weeks . That, combined with the problem of finding a successor to Supt. McAndrew, constitutes much of the program which he has outlined JOHN J. MORAN, INC. for the coming months. While there seems to be no FASHIONABLE FURS chance to grant increased salaries this year, he said, it Furs and Chokers for Fall. Call State 4177. is possible that the board may not have to cut the teach- Will call for storage. STORAGE : REMODELING : REPAIRING ers' pay. 58 East Washington Street Has Studied Question Now After the legislature had heeded the arguments of Mar- garet Haley and the Chicago Teachers' Federation and had discarded Mayor Thompson's plan to build schools IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST by bond issues, President Coath stated that the board We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and would have to cut salaries or close the schools for two Permanent Waving months. Since that time Mr. Coath says he has studied HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR ESTABLISHED 1905 the matter more carefully and now finds that the board SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG . may not have to do either. Phones-Ardmore 5311-5312—Broadway at Wilson Full details of the proposal that Mr. Coath hopes will solve the board's financial difficulties will be made public within a few days, he said. Chicago Daily Tribune, July 27, 1927 . *** COATH SEES CHANCE TO Thos. E. McElroy Co. STEVENS BLDG. EVADE TEACHERS' CUT FINE FURS Teachers' salaries may not have to be cut after all. Remodeling-Storage -Repairing J. Lewis Coath, president of the Board of Education, We Call for Storage today announced that a more careful study of the finan- STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 cial situation had given him a glimmer of hope for the teachers . There will, however, he said, be substantial cuts of expenses by elimination of possibly a score of Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 3994 high salaried employes, such as district and divisional GEORGE W. JOHNSON superintendents. Also he expects to make a saving of SHORTHAND REPORTER several hundred thousand dollars by the substitution of 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago clerks under civil service in place of assistants to prin- SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND cipals, who draw teachers' salaries. REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS Daily Journal, July 27, 1927. Oficial Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation COATH HAS PLAN TO AVOID CUT IN PAY OF TEACHERS BORROWING RESERVE OF BOARD GONE Conference on Salaries with Board Is Called for Today Trustee Blames Miss Haley and McAndrew for Plight ; Help Refused in Assembly How to avoid reducing teachers' salaries will be the subject of a conference today between members of the A 20 per cent slash in teachers' salaries may be ordered within six weeks . Board of Education and President J. Lewis Coath, who will present a plan to make this possible. Not long ago Responsibility for the cut will be laid at the door of President Coath forecast a 20 per cent reduction in sal- Miss Margaret Haley and Superintendent William Mc- aries, but now has announced that he believes this may Andrew, President J. Lewis Coath of the School Board be unnecessary. announced yesterday. Crediting his plan to teachers and business men inter- "The gradually decreasing borrowing reserve of the ested in the proper functioning of the schools, Mr. Coath board, which has enabled the schools to get through said that, although it might be possible not to cut the other years , is now gone," said Mr. Coath. " We shall pay of teachers, it would certainly not be possible to need $4,500,000 to carry us through January and Feb- increase pay this year. Full details of the plan are to ruary, until 1927 taxes begin coming in, even if we don't be made public later. pay another bill before March. Evening Post, July 27, 1927. Tried to Get Funds * * * COATH TO CUT TEACHERS' PAY " I don't propose to see the board blamed for a situation In line with his policy of "advising the people of Chi- it tried to prevent. Miss Haley defeated our effort to cago of the condition of the schools," President J. Lewis get more money from the legislature. Superintendent Coath of the School Board has prepared a statement McAndrew not only has not cooperated with the board showing the financial status of the educational fund. in trying to find a way out, but has flaunted and hindered "The figures wipe out the hope that we could avoid the board at every turn. a pay cut for teachers," he said. Expects Pay Cut The statement shows the total resources for 1927, "It is time the chickens came home to roost and that including the 25 per cent cash reserve from last year, as those who have blocked our efforts to put the schools $43,158,800. on a business basis faced the music. We can't make "Of this amount, $25,013,000 had been spent by July 1 , money out of nothing, and by the middle of January we leaving $ 18,145,800 to carry on until December 31 . won't have a nickel of cash or borrowing power. We Herald and Examiner, August 1, 1927. September 17, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 23 can't expect teachers to live on hope, contrary to law. I expect to see the order for the pay cut passed before schools open." Herald and Examiner, August 21, 1927. ENRICI'S is famous no less H for the enduring and deep MUST CUT TEACHERS' PAY-COATH Declaring that a cut in teachers' salaries was "inev- friendships it has won than itable," President Coath yesterday passed the blame on for the quality of the foods to Margaret Haley, business agent for the Chicago Teachers' Federation, and Supt. McAndrew. it serves and for the great "Margaret Haley prevented our giving the teachers a raise when she went to Springfield and opposed Mayor volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- Thompson's plan to build schools by bond issue,” Mr. Coath said. " She fought the proposition in order to keep day, before the matinee, it is the great taxes down. central meeting place. "Well, the taxes went up 40 cents on the hundred dol- lars, anyway, and the net result of the fight was that the schools didn't get a penny of it. We are stranded now, with $4,000,000 deficit in the educational fund, and there's nothing to do but cut teachers' salaries. The teachers can thank Margaret Haley." The Board could expect no aid from the city treasury HENRICI'S in the present dilemma, Mr. Coath said. Making up the WM . M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT deficit by putting more children in each class, he declared, was blocked by Supt. McAndrew. Hits at Supt. McAndrew 67 W. Randolph St. "We have an average of about forty-two students in each elementary classroom and thirty in high school Between Dearborn and Clark Streets classes," he said. " Other cities have more. We could put as many as forty- five or fifty in a classroom, but McAndrews won't let us do that. No orchestral din "Instead of cooperating with the board members, Mc- Andrew sets bear traps to ensnare them. If we had a superintendent that would work with us, we might cut expenses in the educational department, make up the deficit, and save the teachers' salaries. McAndrew seeks SUBSCRIPTION only to gratify his personal pride. He doesn't give a to damn about the children." Mr. Coath said that at the next meeting of the board MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN he would present a plan to cover the shortage of funds Name .. by cutting teachers' salaries. No effort would be made Address then to dismiss Supt. McAndrew, he added. (Street and Number) Chicago Tribune, August 21, 1927. City Subscription price $2.00 per year. CHARGE VS. McANDREW MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 ( Continued from page 8) N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. connection with the suit brought by Julia A. Smith, com- plainant, vs. The Board of Education of the City of Chi cago, and its officers and members, including William CLASSIFIED McAndrew, Superintendent of Schools , as above set forth Teacher will share newly furnished ultra- in the preceding paragraphs of these charges, were in- tended by him to obstruct, hinder and prevent the Board modern six-room apartment with one or two of Education of the City of Chicago in the performance teachers . Very reasonable . Phone Austin of the duties and responsibilities imposed upon it by the 5173. laws of the State of Illinois , and were and are in direct, open and deliberate defiance of the orders and directions FOR SALE – Reasonable cottage with of the Board of Education of the City of Chicago, and are acts of insubordination and conduct incompatible about 11½ acres-suitable for country home, and inconsistent with and in direct violation of his duties gardening or poultry raising. On electric as Superintendent of Schools, an executive officer of the railroad . Phone Albany 3764. Board of Education of the City of Chicago. "Respectfully submitted, WANTED - Teacher or former teacher to "(Signed) JAMES A. HEMINGWAY. share privileges of teacher's new modern home. "Chicago, August 29, 1927." $25.00 a month. Phone Wilmette 3614 . 24 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 17, 1927 To whom it may concern My Dear Mr. Advertiser: As a business proposition— Is a three million dollar monthly payroll buy- ing power worth considering as a market for your wares? Is a 13,000 audience an asset to you in the dis- position of your product? Is a high class, reliable clientele that knows what it wants and wants the best, a stimulus to your business? If these things are worth considering, you may attain them by letting Margaret HALEY'S BULLETIN relay your message to ALL the teachers of Chicago . The BULLETIN goes to ALL the teachers of the city. It is published twice a month. It has a guaranteed circulation of 13,000. Its reader interest is unchallenged. Teachers ' patronage is the kind that builds. Do you want it to build YOUR business? MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 127 North Dearborn Phone Central 3904 NO V MargaretHaley's 2 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . September 30, 1927 Education - - - A Receptacle-Builder By STRICKLAND GILLILAN Education's primary purpose is not the col- lection of cold knowledge for its own sake, any more than the fielder chasing a ball is doing it for the sake of having a ball to keep; or than the purpose of the sprinter is to arrive at a cer- tain tape. One time when Sam Jones, the famous rough-and-tumble evangelist, was preaching, a smart Aleck in the congregation started to heckle him by asking a question meant to puz- zle and disturb the speaker and perhaps bring him and his message to confusion. Sam paused awhile in his sermon, and looked pityingly at the fellow. : " Bud," he drawled, "I've got an anseh fo' yo ' question, but you ain't got any place t' put it." **** Journal of Education, April 22, 1926 . 00 26 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1927 Every Coat Car- A Small Deposit ries an F. N. Will Hold Your Matthews & Co.'s Guarantee E.N.MATTHEWS &CO. 35 East Madison Street Coat Until Wanted Corner Madison and Wabash . Ground Floor-Heyworth Bldg. SUPREME VALUES in THIS SALE of CHOICE QUALITY FUR COATS PRICED AT $ 150 SAVINGS of $85 to $100 The selections of Furs-Hudson Seal, Squirrel, Russian Pony, See Our Fur Every Coat Caracul, Baby Seal, Silver Fashion Carries Muskrat Display the F. N. atthe Matthews Uptown Guarantee Theatre 10% discount given Teachers on any Fur Cot purchased during this sale. NEWS ITEM Miss Smith, teacher, wins nation-wide radio essay contest. She reports, "Radios are blessings to D OU are cordially invited to in- spect our display of EN- women teachers . At home, they can hear many GRAVED GREETING lectures which they can use to brighten the lesson in the classroom. Current events, music, foreign CARDS for CHRISTMAS and language lessons are conducted all of these illu- NEW YEARS . minate the teacher's prosaic talks at school." Inquiries cordially invited regarding the radio that meets with your taste and purse. Our large assortment is most at- AMERICAN RADIO SHOP tractive with many novel and orig- 1757 Sunnyside Ave. Phone Ravenswood 4741 inal variations from the usual. Open evenings except Sunday and Monday There is a wide range in our prices and we assure you a decided saving. FLOWERS HARRY J. BABY CO. FOR ALL OCCASIONS Jewelers Room 703, Heyworth Building 29 East Madison Street, Chicago Telephones Randolph 0218-0219 VINCENT & MULLINS THERE IS AN ADVANTAGE IN 2119 N. ROCKWELL ST . ARMITAGE BUYING YOUR CHRISTMAS GIFTS Corner Milwaukee Avenue 8023 EARLY Sall MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 2 September 30, 1927 Page 27 Substitutes for Thought By WILLIAM C. MURPHY, JR. The teachers of Chicago who have been surfeited for nearly four years with stale and stupid slogans-100% promotions, 100 % arithmetic, etc., ad infinitum- as substi- tutes for thought, will enjoy this article from THE COMMONWEAL of September 21 on Slogans as Substitutes for Thought : Man has always attempted to excuse the temporarily indisposed or otherwise engaged more nonsensical of his inventions by ascrib- at the moment, it was always easy to arrange ing them to God. The system is not without for the services of another. Thus there was merit ; it is a sop to human reason and there is no inherent difficulty in enlisting various gods no record of a protest from the Almighty . on opposite sides in wars and battles and, of Perhaps no human contrivance has greater course, such enlistments were duly advertised cause for offering an apology to reason than by appropriate slogans . * * * that queer figure of speech called the slogan. All successful slogans have two definite Hence it is not surprising to find the state- characteristics : they are couched in words of ment, " Slogans or war-cries, equally with common usage, and they have no unmistakable standards or banners, appear to me to be of meaning. Thus they serve admirably as sub- divine origin," in the introduction which John stitutes for thought, and, since thought is un- Fenwick, of Ellison-place, Newcastle-upon- doubtedly the most unpopular of human occu- Tyne, wrote in 1851 for Michael Aislabie Den- pations , the slogan fills a very acute demand. ham's quaint little volume, Slogans of the Imagine a Democrat explaining why he is a North of England. It is curious, by the way, Democrat without using the phrases Tariff for that this book is the only publication cata- Revenue Only, or States' Rights ! Or try to logued under the topic Slogans in all the miles picture a Republican justifying his existence and miles of ink on paper in the Library of without piously intoning Prosperity ! or Cool- Congress . An inviting field for useless re- idge Economy ! All of which are slogans in search has been overlooked . good standing and as meaningful as Take the Slogans originally or at least as far as the Government out of Business, which heralded record goes were war- cries . * * * History the plundering of the Teapot Dome and Elk teaches that Constantine the Great, after the Hills naval oil reserves . victory which gave him control of the Roman A well-nigh perfect illustration of the im- empire, adopted the slogan In Hoc Signo portance of the second characteristic of a suc- Vinces, which is the earliest recorded usage of cessful slogan, namely, that it shall have no the Gott Mitt Uns of more recent times . *** definite meaning, may be constructed from the This, of course, was before the invention of experience of the United States during the modern artillery, which, according to another days preceding the great struggle for the site noted warrior, is most potent in obtaining the of a radio station on the Island of Yap . We favor of heaven in warfare . had then the spectacle of a nation electing its The pagans of antiquity, with their assort- President to the accompaniment of Too Proud ment of gods and goddesses, were never at loss to Fight, and He Kept Us out of War ; and, to obtain supernatural sanction for any of within a year, and with hardly a murmur of their various undertakings . If one deity were (Continued on Page 39) From the Masthead When Dewey Cut the Cable and Sailed Manila Bay Oh, dewy was the morning That we sailed Manila Bay; And Dewey was the Admiral That walked the deck that day ; And dewy were the Admiral's eyes- Those eyes of heavenly blue— And do we feel discouraged ? I do not think we do! -Graham Το Honorable Wm. Hale Thompson, Mayor, City of Chicago : Your inquiry, addressed to me through the teous interview" in Springfield to which you newspapers today, as to what I propose to do referred I said to you that the trouble was with with the $100,000 fund being contributed by the assessment of property in Chicago. You the teachers of Chicago and the statement of rose, crossed the room, shook hands with me, the President of the Board of Education to and said that I was right ; that that was the the press on the same day that it is the busi- trouble. I then asked you why you did not ness of the Board of Education to find the take your Big Stick and go after the Board necessary revenue for the schools are subjects of Review and Board of Assessors instead of for discussion in this communication . going after the school children's building fund I do not intend to be diverted from pressing to meet the approaching deficit in the educa- live issues to a post mortem on that dead tional fund and to increase the city's corpo- school bonding bill which you gave me undue rate fund. You told me that you could not credit for killing in Springfield. There will be do it. I told you I did not know anyone who no resurrection either for the evil spirit or the knew better than you how to use the Big rotten carcass of that bill which would have Stick. I said I wished that I had your Big wiped out the Chicago school children's build- Stick for a short time, that I could and would ing fund and would have cost the tax payers use it. $203,000,000 in the next 25 years . The records show that there is the same in- Nor do I intend to discuss now your insinua- ability to wield the Big Stick in every other tion that the $100,000 is being collected from quarter to which the teachers look for relief. the teachers to buy votes on the Board of Edu- On the other hand, while we find you helpless cation . to use the Big Stick in behalf of the school The records show that the Board of Edu- teachers, today we see President Coath using cation, four years ago, acknowledged that it the Big Stick against them and threatening was the duty of the Board under the law to the teachers with expulsion should they con- see to it that the necessary revenue for the tribute to a fund that is being created to re- schools was provided. But its attempts to lieve the very situation which you confess perform that duty have been so half-hearted you are helpless to remedy. and ineffectual as to warrant the teachers in The teachers' program for securing revenue formulating and carrying out their own pro- for the schools, outlined at the Studebaker gram for getting school revenue. Theatre meeting on September 23, was under- The $100,000 fund being collected by the taken only after every other agency had failed Chicago Teachers' Federation will be devoted or had confessed inability to do the work. to this work. Surely, if others have failed or are unable to You will remember that during the "cour- undertake a civic service which all concede MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 29 September 30, 1927 needs to be performed, you can have no objec- by the laws of Illinois to compel the assessing tion, Mr. Mayor, to the teachers performing boards of Cook County to make just, equitable, that service at their own expense . uniform and lawful real estate assessments The public records show the grossest in- and to do it now, this year, 1927. equality in the assessment of real estate for The full valuation of taxable property in taxation in Chicago. They show that one hun- New York as determined by the New York as- dred dollars' worth of real estate owned by sessing bodies in 1927 is Sixteen Billion Dol- lars. some persons pays as high as twenty times as much in taxes as does one hundred dollars' The full valuation of taxable property in Chicago as determined by the assessing bodies worth of real estate owned by other persons . of Cook County in 1926 was less than Four These records show a total of $450,000 was Billion Dollars . appropriated by the County Board, the City The member of the Board of Review elected Council and the Board of Education in 1927, last year on the slogan, “America First," for the use of the Board of Assessors to secure should add to that slogan “and Chicago Last," information as to the actual value of real for Chicago is the last city in the United estate in Chicago in order that the assessors, States to wake up and demand that the ut- in making the 1927 quadrennial assessment of terly lawless, indefensible, inequitable and ini- real estate, might be able to rectify the gross quitous assessment of real estate shall end, inequalities now existing. and end now. The records show that the Board of Asses- The information presented in this Bulletin sors refused to accept the $450,000 on the shows the urgent necessity for the teachers' terms and for the purpose appropriated and program of action adopted at the Studebaker + that this money has not been used for that Theatre meeting on September 23. purpose . Mr. Mayor, I miss my guess if the public The teachers are, therefore, taking upon school teachers of Chicago can now be swerved Γ themselves the moral and financial responsi- from their purpose to carry out that program 1 bility of securing information that should of public service. i have been secured with that $450,000 of pub- ‫لا‬ lic money, information as to the actual value of real estate in Chicago ; and this informa- tion, to be secured and paid for by the teach- ers, is to be taken before the tribunal provided Marjana. Haly SAMPLES OF INEQUALITIES OF ASSESSMENT Amount Percentage of Board of Actually Board of Re- Review Sold For view to Sales Property Address Full Value 1924-1925 Value $25,000 $30,000 83% Business Building 3010-12 W. 63rd St ........ Six Small Homes .. 4930-34 S. Honore St....... 15,588 20,000 78% 6140 S. Sacramento . 8,350 11,500 73% Family Residence Store and Apartment . 6808 S. Halsted St ......... 6,125 34,500 18% Vacant Land 8059 S. Ashland Ave....... 3,279 20,000 16 % Business Building 5921 S. Morgan St...... 2,325 14,000 16% Apartments and Stores . 746 Cornelia Ave........... 10,425 80,000 13% Vacant Land ... .3139-43 W. 59th St ........ 2,063 30,750 7% Vacant Land .. .1615-23 Ε. 87th St... 700 25,000 3% Vacant Land .. .5307 Kedzie Ave..... 500 16,000 3% The table above shows the full value as fixed by the to 90% and so on down to 37 properties fixed by the Board of Review in 1923, and the actual sales value of Assessors at a full value ranging from 1% to 10% of 10 of the 2056 properties sold just before or just after actual sales value. December, 1924. It shows that the Board of Review full The Board of Review revised the Assessors' values on values range from 83% to 3% of the actual sales value the entire 2056 properties and the effect of the revision on these 10 properties. is shown in the chart on page 31. Of the 58 properties On the next page is shown the percentage of the Board the Board of Assessors had valued at from 91% to 100% of Assessors' full value in 1923 as compared with the and over, only 14 (in the brackets ) remained above 91 % , actual sales value of the entire 2056 properties. This the other 44 were cut down to percentages of actual sales range is from 101% and over, down to 5% and below value ranging from 81 to 26% indicated in the left mar- -58 properties at 101% and over, 37 properties at 81% gin of the chart. ! CHART A BEFORE REVISION BOARD BY OF REVIEW 30 Percentage Assessors of Full Value to Sales Value Percentage Assessors of PROPE ASSE RTIES BEFORSSED REVISI AT E ON to Value 91 % &O81-90 7Sales 6~543 VER -80 1-60 -50 1-40 1-30 21Full 0-20 91 1 ~00 % 58 AND OVER 81 - 90 % 37 80 % 67 71 61 70 % 115 MARGARET 51 60 % 183 41 50 % 366 HALEY'S Average 31 % 40 653 21 30 % 403 BULLETIN 11 20 % 137 10 % 37 1 ~ OF 58S PROPERTIE NUMBER 37 67 115 183 366 653 403 137 37 TOTAL GRAND 2056 for923 assessors full value fixed by31 924 ,1thetal d December immediately after Chicago just prior to or real estate sold in There were 5421 pieces of what he aluation purposes on these 5421 properties was about 36 % taxation actually sold for 'v2056 .T assessors revised Board of Review properties . "A chart This shows that the fixed assessors 58 full value 91 properties at from % 100 over ofold what se actually for ;3817ndy ;son down which to 37 pieces were d by at assessors the from 1% 0 fd value actual sales o ir .90 o Chart the shows page effect Board Review revision assessors f v pposite " n se properties '2056 . aluation September 30, 1927 REVIEW REVISION BY BOARD OF EFFECT .. Review Those of Board The By Revised Been Have Which Only Properties Percentage of Assessed To BEFORE AT REVISION PROPERTIES ASSESSED 432 1~ % 91 01-70 765VER Sales 0 1-30 1-40 1-50 Value after &O81-90 Revision 1-80 1-60 101 OVER A % ND September 30, 1927 96 %00 1 ~ । ।। 91 % 95 86 90 % { 1-11 81 % 85 76 % 80 71 % 75 70 % 66 61 65 % 56 % 60 20 51 % 55 23 MARGARET )0 (1 ।।।।।।।- तत 46 % 50 19 41 % 45 43 4 )7 ( 36 % 40 20 97 1-11 22112 HALEY'S 31 % 35 129 108 8 --- 221 5 ~ 93569552421 ~ - 26 % 30 62 263 21 25 % 29 ) 1 (78 172 112 ~~~ 1542845-6--2तार 16 20 % 144 55 6. ) 24 BULLETIN 15 % 27 78 11 10 % 27 1)( 8 % 5 - ) 1 (8 ----- 135857074-222 -।।। 18129-2 --- 1 -।।।।।।।214545254014-111 91 ~ 23 / 58 37 67 115 183 366 653 137 403 37 PROPE OF RTIES NUMB ER 2056 L GRAND_TOTA properties 2056 on all but f1923ew assessors 'valuation reduced 1927 and between of Review sBoard how the hows This chart "all value only 14 sales over % 91 t100 a in58 "AO shownhectual ull from ossessors fixed whicht properties ,chart f .nd edown 85 a81 % 86 90 5 between to )r that group ;were inside the brackets s ( nd tc. educed hree emained hown % 30 lowest .one t 26 at lowest Review of Board by reduced % t90 Of 6inhe hown ere brackets (s ,abut )w valued pieces 37 81 ll ssessors thich of revision 32 page on graphs in shown is properties 37 these .31 T % a 35 d he their sales value effects between County Board to presented Valuations Joint report of the Tax on Real Estate Commission Charts "A taken data from made a Commission the by appointed was 31 onhis Board this printed have been report August .T927. copies , ,000 10 Commissioners of Cook County the by financed was ,1It 4 January Board 927. of Commerce Chicago Association .County Teachers at may be obtained the office Chicago 'F,1North Dearborn Street .Copies 27deration 32 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1927 PERCENTAGE OF ASSESSORS' FULL VALUE TO ACTUAL SALES VALUE % BEFORE REVISION % AFTER REVISION 100 100 १० १०- 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 AVERAGE 40 40 30 30- 20 20 10 10 。 COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 The 37 vertical lines in Column 1 represent 37 pieces value; the remaining 31 pieces were revised downward, of real estate on which the Board of Assessors, in 1923 two of the pieces being reduced to between 31% and fixed the full value at between 80% and 90% of what 35% of their sales value. these properties actually sold for just prior to and im- These properties are 37 of the 2056 properties revised by the Board of Review as shown in charts "A" and "B," mediately following December 31 , 1924. pages 30 and 31. The average full value fixed by the The Board of Review revised the assessors' values on Board of Assessors on the entire 5421 properties sold on these 37 properties as shown in Column 2. Only 6 of the dates above indicated was about 36% of the actual the 37 were left at between 80% and 90% of their sales sales value. COMPARISON OF APPRAISED AND BOARD OF REVIEW VALUATIONS IN 12 DISTRICTS 1927 1926 Board'sPer Board of Review Full Value CentofAp- Independent Appraisal praised Value Land Buildings Totals Land Buildings Totals Land Bldg. 1. Near North Side District ...... $ 6,945,853 $ 12,123,957 $ 19,069,810 $ 2,134,515 $ 3,785,500 $ 5,920,015 31 31 2. Lincoln Park District . 5,131,810 6,414,785 11,546,595 814,350 1,818,526 2,632,876 16 28 3. Uptown Chicago District . 5,693,723 2,256,444 7,950,167 1,994,422 645,900 2,640,322 35 29 4. North Shore District . 1,211,619 2,642,321 3,853,940 316,169 489,000 805,169 26 19 5. Northwest Side District 2,464,626 1,159,813 3,624,439 399,872 308,351 708,223 16 27 6. West Side District . 1,674,665 1,537,371 3,212,036 526,118 575,125 1,101,243 31 37 7. Southwest Side District . 8,872,668 1,686,336 10,559,004 1,270,871 960,580 2,231,451 14 57 8. South Side District .. 6,927,056 3,851,417 10,778,473 1,063,783 1,403,400 2,467,183 15 36 9. Hyde Park District 3,762,637 4,445,832 8,208,469 502,892 1,080,915 1,583,807 13 24 10. Central Manufacturing District 383,034 627,221 1,010,255 145,956 292,800 438,756 38 47 11. Western Avenue Manufactur- ing District 538,558 1,236,613 1,775,171 138,840 314,500 453,340 26 25 12. Crawford Avenue Manufactur- ing District 1,086,272 2,043,950 3,130,222 91,627 804,000 895,627 8 39 Totals $44,692,521 $40,026,060 $84,718,581 $ 9,399,415 $12,478,597 $21,878,012 The independent total appraisal of real estate in the The Board of Review's full value in 1926 on the same twelve districts appraised in 1927 is as follows : properties follows : Land $44,692,521 Land .$ 9,399,415 Buildings 40,026,060 Buildings 12,478,597 Total $84,718,581 Total $21,878,012 NOTE : The above totals are shown graphically on page 33. The Board of Review total full valuation of land is approximately 21% of the independent appraisal of land, and the full value of buildings is 31% . For the totals of land and buildings the Board of Review values are about 26% of the appraised total. The percentage of Board of Review value to the independent appraisals varies greatly for individaul lots, as may be ascertained by an examination of the detailed appraised reports . The Board of Review percentage by districts runs from 8 to 38% on land and for buildings from 19 to 57%. NOTE : The above totals are shown graphically at bottom of page 33. 2 September 30, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 33 E Comparative Valuations Charts Showing Comparative Valuations of Chicago Central Business District and 12 Business Districts Outside Loop Chart I $1,153,048,047.. Central Business District BOARD OF REVIEW FULL VALUATION IN 1925 WAS 48 PERCENT OF APPRAISED VALUE OF 1926 Board of Review Valuation . The Manufacturers ' Appraisal Company Valuation . $792,145,540 . 1 3 $599,076,032 . 461,841,879 .. $360,902,907 . = S $137,234,153 . 1 1 J LANDS BUILDINGS TOTALS コ Chart II コ $84,718,581 コ 12 Business Districts Outside Loop BOARD OF REVIEW FULL VALUATION IN 1926 コ WAS 26 PER CENT OF APPRAISED VALUE OF 1927 Board of Review Full Value Independent Appraisal $44,692,521 $40,026,050 $21,878,012 $12,478,597 $9,399,415 LANDS BUILDINGS TOTALS (See Comparison on Page 32) 34 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1927 Dizzy Building Assessments 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 100 100 200 200 300 300 900 400 500 00 600 600 100 Too 1000 1000 Inequalities of Assessments of Loop Buildings The chart shows graphically the discrimination in the chart was made by taking several consecutive pages in assessments of buildings on three streets in the loop dis- the Appraisal Company's report and does not represent trict. any selected properties . If a graph were made of the A similar chart on the opposite page shows in the same entire report the conditions revealed would be very simi- way the discrimination in the assessment of the land on lar throughout the loop. these streets, under these same buildings . There are 52 buildings shown on this chart, each rep. This chart shows the percentage relationship of the resented by a point on the graph. full value fixed by the Board of Review to the full value The over assessments, or buildings valued higher by as established by the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company the Board of Review than by the Appraisal Company, in 1926 on 52 buildings on three typical streets in the are above the horizontal line. Chicago loop district. The horizontal base line repre- The under assessments are below the horizontal line, sents the fair value level of the buildings as determined indicating buildings which the Board of Review has by the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company's report. This valued at less than that established by the Appraisal (This chart is reproduced from MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN , March 31 , 1927) September 30, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 35 The " Lie" of the Land 10 10 20 20 30 30 10 40 50 50 100 100 200 200 300 300 400 400 500 500 600 600' 700 700 Inequalities in Assessments of Loop Lands Company. It will be seen that this low value predomi- side of Adams and both sides of Quincy street between nates by nearly nine to one. Michigan avenue on the east and the Chicago River on The figure 1,000 at the lower corner of the chart means the west. They are actual cases of under assessment that you must add 1,000 per cent to the full value fixed by taken from the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company's re- the Board of Review on the building opposite the figure port of the appraisal of the central business district of 1,000 in order to obtain the value established by the Chicago on file in the Finance Committee of the City Manufacturers' Appraisal Company to that building . Council. The photographic reproduction of the three To the building opposite the figure 100 you add 100 per pages of the Manufacturers' Appraisal Company's report cent to the Board of Review's value; to the one opposite with the individual buildings indicated thereon showing 80 you add 80 per cent to the Board of Review's full street numbers, etc., of the buildings and lands shown in value. these two charts is on file in the office of the Chicago These buildings are on the south side of Monroe, north Teachers' Federation. (This page is reproduced from MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN of March 31, 1927) 36 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1927 The State Tax Commission Has Power to Order Reassessment of Chicago The State Tax Commission has power to stantial compliance with law, or has been un- order a re-assessment of property in Chicago equally or improperly assessed, the Tax Commission may, in its discretion, in any year order a re- assessment for in order to rectify the alarming inequalities such year of all or any class of the taxable property in and thereby obtain the necessary revenue to such county, or assessment district thereof. The Tax run the schools without cutting teachers ' sal- Commission may order such re- assessment made by the aries 20 percent as threatened . local assessment officers . The order directing such Under orders of the Tax Commission the re- assessment shall be filed in the office of the county treasurer of the county in which such re- assessment entire real estate of three counties in Illinois, has been ordered, except in counties having an elective Peoria, Kane and Clay, was reassessed in 1926 board of review in which case such order shall be and inequalities rectified . filed with the board of review. Petitions for reassessment in 1927 of two SECTION 13. Re- assessment-how made and re- other counties, Champaign and Stephenson, viewed . Such re - assessment shall be made in the same have been filed with the State Tax Commission manner and subject to the same laws and rules as an and hearings on these petitions have been original assessment and shall be subject to review and set for October 6. correction by the board of review as in case of an orig- inal assessment. The law requires the Board of Review to print the real estate assessments but the SECTION 14. Board of review-correction of re- Board never obeys that law . assessment-notice. For the purpose of reviewing and Following are pertinent sections of the rev- equalizing such re- assessment, the board of review of the county in which the re - assessment is made, shall enue law from the pamphlet printed by the review and correct such re- assessment. The Tax Com- State Tax Commission, " Tax Laws and Judi- mission shall fix the time and place of the meeting of cial Decisions," with the pages indicated : the Board of review to review and correct such re- assessment. At least one week before the meeting of SECTION 3. POWERS OF COMMISSION . ] - The such board of review to review and correct such re- Tax Commission shall have power: assessment, the board of review shall publish a notice of (6) To order in any year a re - assessment of all real the time and place of its meeting for such purpose in at and personal property, or real or personal property, or least one newspaper of general circulation published in any class of personal property, in any county, or in any the county in which such re- assessment is made. The board of review shall convene at the time and place assessment district thereof, when in its judgment such re- fixed in such order and shall review, correct, return and assessment is desirable or necessary, and for that pur- certify such re- assessment in like manner, and shall have pose to cause such re - assessment to be made by the local and exercise all the powers and authority given to boards assessment officers, and cause it to be substituted for the of review and shall be subject to all the restrictions , original assessment ; duties and penalties of such boards. (7) To take testimony and proofs under oath and to (P. 261) * * * * require the production of books, papers and documents pertinent to any assessment, investigation or inquiry and SECTION 29. Publication of assessment list-Compen- for that purpose to subpoena and compel the attendance sation for publishing-Failure to publish or mail not of witnesses ; valid objection. ] As soon as the county assessor or (8) To require from all State and local officers such supervisor or assessments shall have completed the as- information as may be necessary for the proper dis- sessment in the year A. D., 1907, he shall cause to be charge of its duties; published a full and complete list of such assessment by (9) To examine and make memoranda from all rec- township or assessment districts, which publication shall ords , books, papers , documents, statements of account on be made on or before July 10, of each year, in some record or on file in any public office of the State or of public newspaper or newspapers printed and published ***** any county, township, road district, city, village, incorpo- in said county: rated town, school district or any other taxing district Provided, further, that after the year 1907, the publica - of the State and all public officers having charge or cus- tion shall only be of the assessment of personal property tody of such records shall furnish to the commission in- and the changes made, if any, in real estate, but the real formation of any and all matters on file or of record in estate assessment shall be published full every four (4) their respective offices ; years , beginning with the year 1907 : (P.259) * * * * * * * * * * Provided, further, that, in counties of 250,000 in- habitants or over, no assessment of real estate shall be SECTION 12. Re - assessments-order-where filed. published as herein provided, until such assessment shall Whenever it shall appear to the Tax Commission that have been equalized, revised or affirmed by the board of the real or personal property in any county, or in any review , and when the board of review shall have acted assessment district thereof, has not been assessed in sub- upon the assessment list of real property, as herein pro- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 37 September 30, 1927 vided in the year 1907 and every four years thereafter, the assessors and board of review shall cause to be published, a full and complete list of such assessment on real property, together with all changes made by the ENRICI'S is famous no less board of review under the authority of this Act, such changes to be indicated in a separate column; such H for the enduring and deep publication to be in pamphlet form by election districts in lieu of publication in a newspaper : And, provided, friendships it has won than that the board of review shall cause to be mailed to each taxpayer in said election precinct, a copy of the said list for the quality of the foods for his precinct : it serves and for the great Provided, further, that in case said assessment is not published in conformity with law, and was not mailed in volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- accordance with the provisions of this Act, the failure to so publish the same or mail the same shall not be con- day, before the matinee, it is the great sidered as a valid objection to a judgment for tax sale in the County Court. The expense of such printing and central meeting place. 1 publication shall be paid out of the county treasury. [As amended Laws 1923, page 491, at page 496] . County treasurer may pay expense of publishing as- sessment lists without previous allowance by county S board. People vs. Fuller, 223-116, 125. (A. 141, A. 374. ) (Page 284.) * * * * * HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT SECTION 44. Conniving at any evasion of this act -Penalty. Any assessor, or deputy assessor, or member of the Board of review of assessments, or boards of 67 W. Randolph St. equalization, or other person whose duty it is to assess property for taxation or equalize any such assessment, Between Dearborn and Clark Streets who shall refuse or wilfully neglect any duty required of him by law, or who shall consent to or connive at any evasion of the provisions of this act whereby any property required to be assessed shall be unlawfully No orchestral din ‫لا‬ exempt in whole or in part, or the valuation thereof be set down at more or less than is required by law, shall, upon conviction, be fined for each offense not less than etc. It is hereby made the duty of the state's attorney 15 one hundred dollars ($100.00) nor more than five thou- of each county to prosecute all violators of this act, sand dollars ($5,000.00) or imprisoned in the county jail and they shall receive as fees the sum of twenty dol- not exceeding one year, or both imprisoned and fined lars ($20.00 ) for each conviction, to be taxed as costs, at the discretion of the court; he shall also be liable and ten per cent of all fines collected. The residue of all upon his bond to the party injured for all damage sus- fines collected under this act shall be paid into the tained by such party as above provided, and shall also county treasurer for the use of the county. The salary be removed from office by the judge of the court before of the county assessor, supervisor of assessments and ‫ا‬ whom he is tried and convicted. members of the board of assessors and board of review (Ρ. 303) shall all be paid out of the county treasury on bills duly SECTION 46. Duty of state's attorney to prosecute certified and approved by the county board. (Pp. 303-304) violators —Fees-Payment of salary of county assessors, * * * * SCHOOL TEACHERS' "A. B. C." SHOPPING GUIDE SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR BUSY TEACHERS ORSETS Gossard Corsets REENBERG'S DRESS SHOP C Lingerie EICHORN 72 E. Madison G A shop devoted exclusively to the youthful NOR SPACE RATES For these Snappy Little Ads 4 OLDFARB Exclusive Millinery STOUT FIGURE where all Fittings are Personally supervised and guaranteed. Spe- F Apply MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Room 1331-127 N. Dearborn St. Phone Central 3904 G Especially Reduced Prices to Teachers 1425 Stevens Building "Home of Happy Hats" cial discount to teachers . Room 1214 Stevens Bldg. 38 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN September 30, 1927 Supreme Court Grants Mandamus Against Board of Review The Supreme Court of Illinois on June 22, 1927 ( No. law and as here ordered by the Supreme Court so to 18241 ) granted to the City of Chicago and the Board do. of Education a writ of Mandamus against the Board of Judge William N. Gemmill in the Superior Court of Review to compel that Board to make and publish rules Cook County had denied the writ but the Supreme Court reversed Judge Gemmill's decision and remanded the case. and regulations for the guidance of persons doing business Justice Farmer of the Supreme Court delivered the opin- with that Board as required by law. ion of the Court . The Board of Review of Cook County has never made Following are the portions of the opinion concerning and published any rules and regulations as required by this matter : The City of Chicago and the Board of Edu- statute are intended for the guidance of tax- cation of the City of Chicago, as relators, filed payers whose property is assessed. in the name of the People of the State of Illi- We do not think that answer is meritorious . nois a petition for mandamus against the The rules and regulations required are for the Board of Review of Cook County and the three benefit of the bodies ultimately receiving the men composing the board . * taxes , as well as the tax-payer who pays the * * tax . The petition shows a clear right in re- The petition prays that a writ be issued com- lators to compel the Board of Review and its manding the Board of Review and its members members to act in the premises. The law to make and publish reasonable and proper made it the duty of the board to act, and it rules for the guidance of persons doing busi- may be compelled by the writ of mandamus ness with the board and for the orderly dis- to act in the discharge of the duty enjoined by patch of business, as required by law. Para- law by making and publishing rules. Of graph 22 of the petition sets out section 39 course, the writ cannot command the board as of the Revenue Act of 1898, which requires the to the form of the rules, but they must be of board to make and publish proper rules, and a character contemplated by the statute . * * * then avers that the board has not complied with the law and has never made and pub- The board and its members have a right to lished such rules and does not have a set of exercise their judgment and discretion as to rules, as the law requires . the form and character of the rules, but they The petition further avers that the failure have no discretion, in the discharge of the to comply with the law in that respect re- duty enjoined upon them, whether or not to quired of relators great labor and expense make and publish rules. (People v. Board of which would not have been required if rules Supervisors, 294 Ill. 579.) had been published in obedience to law. No We are of opinion the petition does not form of complaint was provided by any rule set forth facts necessary to show a plain duty of the board which the petition avers would of the Board of Review to review the assess- have greatly reduced the difficulties of re- ments complained of, but it does contain suf- lators, and such failure to prescribe rules was ficient averments to show the plain duty of a means by which the board obstructed efforts said board to make and publish rules as re- of relators and other complainants to enforce quired by law, and for these reasons the judg- their rights . The petition alleges the failure ment will be reversed and the cause remanded, of the board to make and publish rules has with directions to overrule the demurrer. caused great expense to relators and others Reversed and remanded, with directions . filing complaints and great uncertainty as to enforcing their rights . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Appellees, the Board of Review's answer MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher to this paragraph of the petition that the law MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten requires rules to be made for the guidance months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies. of parties doing business with the board is, 15 Cents. that the petition does not show that relators LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to are parties doing business with the board and the order of that they receive a large portion of the taxes, MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American but the rules and regulations required by the Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicage Phone Central 3904 TONE September 30, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 39 U SUBSTITUTES FOR THOUGHT (Continued from Page 27) A R C H - popular dissent, following that same Presi- ATES dent into war to the tune of War to End War, TED STROS ARedFossShoe RIED C and Make the World Safe for Democracy . Trade Mark Naturally, a boob-catcher so effective as the CINTIUSA slogan has not been neglected by our forward- Combination Lasts looking devotees of the modern cult of "serv- Sizes 4 to 10 AAAA to D ice." No business nowadays, from the run- FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE ning of a municipal government to the mer- Comfort Shoes in the Latest chandising of reform movements and patent Styles for Every Occasion 2 remedies, is complete without a slogan. WALTER J. OTTO , Incorporated 53 E. Madison St. CHICAGO The importance of the slogan has been of- ficially recognized by the Chamber of Com- merce of the United States of America. That most reverend organization maintains what Thos. E. McElroy Co. might be called a register of slogans, in which STEVENS BLDG . are listed all of the business-getting battle- FINE FURS cries adopted by various municipalities. An Remodeling-Storage-Repairing 1 We Call for Storage official of the Chamber sees to it that this list STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 is kept strictly up to date, that new slogans 1 are added when notification of their adoption IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST has been received, and discarded ones elimi- We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and nated. For what could be more disrespectful Permanent Waving on the part of an apostle of service, addressing HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR ESTABLISHED 1905 the Chamber of Commerce of Muscatine, Iowa, SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. than to be convicted of ignorance of the fact Phones-Ardmore 5311-5312-Broadway at Wilson that the slogan of that tall-corn metropolis is describes herself as Larger, Livelier, Lovelier Come Blow Your Whistle with Us ? Lansing. Pittsburgh apologizes for the smoke This register maintained by the national with Pittsburgh Promotes Progress, and Chamber of Commerce varies in size as the cause of service waxes or wanes . The list Shreveport, Louisiana, where the oil flows very freely at times, tells anyone who may be in- which I have now before me contains 160 slo- terested that Shreveport Spells Success. gans officially adopted by as many American Watch Witchica Win is the optimistic admoni- cities. Akron, Ohio-Akron, the City of Op- tion from the state of bootleg cigarets and portunity-leads all the rest, like Abou Ben William Allen White . S Adhem, and for the same reason. York, Ne- Montebello, California, has devised a real braska-York, Your Center of Service-brings American combination of beauty and utility. up the rear. According to its slogan, it is The City of Flow- A surprising variety of literary tastes is re- ers with an Oil-Field Payroll. Mott Is the Spot 1 vealed by this collection. Alliteration seems is the way that enterprising little North Da- to be a favored device of the slogan-makers ; kota city directs those who would find it on no less than eight of the slogans listed are 100 the county map. percent alliterative. The self-declared hub of Muncie, Indiana, where newsboys are put in the universe heads this select group with jail for selling papers which refer disrespect- Bigger, Busier, Better Boston. There is no fully to kleagles, judges and dragons, gives reference to beans, though even baked beans solemn assurance to a waiting world that it is might have been included without spoiling the An Ideal American City . figure. One of the most interesting manifestations Next comes the neat little tongue-twister of the slogan-making mind comes from the telling the world of the virtues of Chambers- metropolis of Missouri-St. Louis, the City burg, Pennsylvania ; Chambersburg, Constant- Surrounded by the United States : a war-cry ly Challenges Comparison. The Maryland probably devised "south of Chouteau Avenue." Free State presents Cumberland Creates Con- It is very sad that in all ages there are those fidence, And from North Carolina comes the who scoff at sacred things, slogans not ex- invitation Hear Hickory Hum, as a bait to the cepted. This tendency probably will not be curious. eradicated entirely until men cease trying to Lansing, Michigan, apparently loyal to the impute sanctity to their own foolishness. * * * New England tradition exemplified by Boston, -THE COMMONWEAL, Sept. 21, 1927. While the Smile They Adieu- Fond It Bid Atlantic Photographs Pacific Sept. the and 24 published in was which it Chicago Tribune courtesy ofc. by ,I)(hoto attended w Incompetents M -c" 1600 Part alled Coath ofho ental the Chicago real estate of all the appraisal ascientific to secure used at Studebaker Theater Sep- teachers mass meeting of Chicago the taxation property of assessment ,u an equitable asis bforiform the photographer caught .T helped gave till it23 ,1 a nd 927 temberhe the act how to know who Teachers in crease telligently 1927. Chicago President of question the to smile answering cut tin a he salaries .Threatened mile with meet can funds public papers the read in you :"I M. F ary federation ',Abbe Teachers proof is meeting that at of pledges payment s ubsequent 'made teachers ityou w be noill cut believe ill salary there ?"that ,tomorrow They Teach Chicago of program assessment the equitable in faith their of 1 raise each be 2 $ to pay again as they voted00,000 5.00 smiled Federation . ers No 9 27 NO. VOL. MargaretHaley's V 3 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill. October 25, 1927 PRAYER Thou givest fiery dawns When what I ask is night; Thou givest skies like gold When I crave inky seas ; Thou bringest softest winds When raging storms would please ; Thou givest placid days, When my hand's clenched to fight. Let thunder rend the clouds, Let lightning tear the skies ; Let wrathful tempests roar, Let tall trees, wind-whipped, crash ; Let rain beat on my face, Let clouds in whirlwinds dash ; Let me see all Thy power. Let me break earthly ties- For Thy fierce, raging might Merely gives joy to me. Dear God, I love a fight ! -Melpomene . Chicago Daily News, "Hit or Miss," Oct. 20, 1927. i 42 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25, 1927 RADIO EVERY DAY Here is an opportunity to rent a Exceptional Value radio reasonable. If you decide to Sterling Silver Handle , purchase, we will allow the rental Rustless Steel Blade and Tines, 2- piece to apply on the purchase price of the set you prefer-convenient Steak Set terms. The late CROSLEY BAND- $3.60 BOX, SONORA and others are our Cake Server leaders. Cold Meat Fork AMERICAN RADIO SHOP Salad Fork Ravenswood 4741 1757 Sunnyside Ave. Salad Spoon STAINLESS Open evenings except Sunday and Monday Tomato Server to match, each $ 1.00 How would you like A varied and exten- sive assortment of Your Felt Hats Bridge Prizes, 50 cents up, Costume Jewelry, Reblocked $1.50 ир. A into up-to-date styles? Bobbed hair or con- HARRY J. BABY servative styles. Small or extremely large headsizes . We have them. We are manu- COMPANY facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- DIAMONDS, WATCHES, JEWELRY , CLOCKS , ing Department has access to the best STATIONERY, SILVERWARE shapes. A trial will convince you of our 703 Heyworth Bldg. efficient service. 29 East Madison Street Corner of Wabash Avenue CHICAGO Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. Telephones-Randolph 0218, 0219 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. T O N E A R C H - FLOWERS TATE ARedFossShoe ITED S S DCRO FOR ALL OCCASIONS Trade SE Mark CINTIUSA Combination Lasts Sizes 4 to 10 AAAA to D FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE VINCENT & MULLINS Comfort Shoes in the Latest 2119 N. ROCKWELL ST . ARMITAGE Styles for Every Occasion Corner Milwaukee Avenue 8023 WALTER J. OTTO, Incorporated 53 E. Madison St. CHICAGO 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR Delicious Cooking Buy from one who KNOWS values, Charming Surroundings and will give you an honest deal F. RANKE FUR CO . Moderate Prices Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. Luncheon ..$0.60 Dinner 1.00 1.25 Sunday Dinner IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and JULIA KING'S Permanent Waving HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR Tea Room ESTABLISHED 1905 SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET Phones: Edgewater 4674-4675-Broadway at Wilson MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 3 October 25, 1927 Page 43 The Stewardship of Leadership Being Seemingly Pat Excerpts from James Lane Allen's " Choir Invisible" The question of leadership, training for leadership, what constitutes leadership, and the selection of leaders, is coming to the fore in all educational discussion. As the tax drama is being enacted, it is imperative that the quality of leadership be weighed and watched. The presence of even one doubting Thomas among the teachers at a time when all of the citizenry of the community looks for leadership, makes increasingly apparent the application of the fol- lowing from James Lane Allen's " Choir Invisible " : "Do you know what it was that brought "This, then, is your lesson from the battle about the awful massacre of the Blue Licks ? of Blue Licks : Never go into a battle merely It was the folly of one officer . * to show that you are not a coward : that of * * itself shows what a coward you are. "The Kentuckians, some on foot and some on "Do not misunderstand me ! Whether you horse, but all tired and disordered and hurry- be men or women, you will never do anything ing along, had just reached the bank. Over in the world without courage. It is the great- on the other side some distance back-the est quality of the mind next to honor. It is Indians were hiding in the woods and waiting. your king. But the king must always have a No one knew exactly where they were ; every good cause. Many a good king has perished one knew they counted from seven hundred to in a bad one ; and this noblest virtue of cour- a thousand . The Kentuckians were a hundred age has perhaps ruined more of us than any and eighty-two. There was Boone with the other that we possess. You know what char- f famous Boonsborough men, the very name of acter the old kings used always to have at whom was a terror ; there was Trigg with men their courts. I have told you a great deal just as good from Harrodsburg ; there was about him. It was the Fool. Do you know Todd, as good as either, with the men from what personage it is that Courage, the King , Lexington . More than a fourth of the whole is so apt to have in the Court of the Mind ? were commissioned officers, and more fearless It is the Fool also. Lay these words away ; RE men never faced an enemy . you will understand them better when you are ** * older and you will need to understand them "That is the kind of men of whom that very well. Then also you will know what I CHA little army of a hundred and eighty-two was mean when I say to you this morning that the made up-the oak forest of Kentucky . battle of the Blue Licks was the work of the * * * "And yet, when they had reached the river Fool, jesting with the King." JAMES LANE ALLEN in this pursuit and some twenty of the officers in "THE CHOIR INVISIBLE " had come out before the ranks to hold a coun- cil of war and the wisest and the oldest were MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN urging caution or delay, one of them-Mc- Gary-suddenly waved his hat in the air, MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher spurred his horse into the river, and shouted : MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten " Let all who are not cowards follow me ! ' months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, " They all followed ; and then followed also 15 Cents, LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. the shame of defeat, the awful massacre, the ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of sorrow that lasts among us still, and the loss to Kentucky of many a gallant young life that MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American had helped to shape her destiny in the nation. Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicage Phone Central 3904 44 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 20, 1927 From the Masthead by The Lookout AN OPEN LETTER To the President of the Board of Education To Mr. J. Lewis Coath President, Board of Education, City of Chicago. October 25, 1927. The Chicago Herald Examiner of October September 23rd, invited the teachers of Chi- 1, 1927, quoted you as saying : cago to contribute $25 each, as "attempts made by this self-constituted leader to shake down "When I learned of the attempts made the teachers of Chicago ." by this self-constituted leader to 'shake down' the teachers of Chicago for $25.00 each, I The collection of that $100,000 fund is not an feel justified in saying to the teachers that it attempt "to shake down the teachers of Chir is an insult to the intelligence and integrity cago," but to shake up the Board of Review and of the members of the Board of Education. the Board of Assessors of Cook County and to wake up the people of Chicago and Cook "The teachers' problems are the Board's County to the fact that there is adequate ma- problems. If there is any fight necessary to chinery provided by law for proceeding in an in- protect their interests the Board itself has telligent, orderly and lawful manner to clean up the legal power to raise all necessary funds ; the rottenness and lawlessness of the tax assess- moreover, the Board is anxious and willing ing and tax collecting machinery of Cook County, to do that." and to do it now. Substantially the same statement, credited The Chicago Teachers' Federation did not to you, appeared in all the newspapers of Oc- ask the teachers of Chicago to dig down into tober 1, the day following the date of issue of their pockets and pay $25 apiece to finance a the last Bulletin. In that Bulletin I replied to scientific, uniform, equitable appraisal of the statements, similar in tenor, attributed to real estate of Chicago until almost seven Mayor Thompson, which had appeared in the months had gone by after an appropriation newspapers of August 29 and 30. I therefore of $450,000 of public money had been made take this, my first opportunity to reply for such an appraisal, and not one dollar of through the Bulletin, to your follow-up state- that appropriation had been used for such an ments in the newspapers of October 1, and appraisal . more especially to the two paragraphs quoted above. If you, Mr. Coath, as President of the Board of Education, are speaking for the Board, You stigmatize the collection of the $100,000 when, through the public press, you charac- fund to which the Chicago Teachers' Federa- terize as "an insult to the intelligence and in- tion, at its Studebaker Theatre meeting of tegrity of the members of the Board of Edu October 25, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 45 cation," this attempt of the teachers of charges warrants the Tax Commission in or- Chicago to render, at their own expense, the dering a reassessment of the real estate of sorely needed public service for which the Chicago. The Tax Commission ordered a re- Board of Education, the City Council, and the assessment of three counties in 1926. The County Board appropriated $450,000 of pub- reassessment was made, and the taxes were lic money which, so far, they have failed to collected on that reassessment. The Commis- use for that purpose, that misinterpretation sion has now under consideration a request on the part of the Board is to be regretted. to order the reassessment this year of two more counties . Mr. Coath, please note that it was on Oc- . tober 1 that you, as President of the Board Should the Tax Commission order a reas- of Education, publicly branded as a "shake sessment of the real estate of Chicago, there down" of the teachers and "an insult to the is no foundation now on which to base an intelligence and integrity of the members of equitable, uniform reassessment. Before such the Board of Education," the efforts of the a reassessment can be made there must be an Chicago Teachers' Federation to persuade the equitable, uniform, scientific appraisal of the teachers of Chicago, out of their own meager entire real estate of the City. An appropria- incomes, to make up, to the extent of the tion of $450,000 was made by the County Board's appropriation, $100,000, for the fail- Board, the City Council and the Board of ure of public officials, including the Assessing Education seven months ago for such an ap- Boards, to use that $450,000 for the purpose praisal but the money has not been used for for which it was appropriated. It was on that purpose. At the present time the finan- October 6, that I, as Business Representative cial burden of securing that appraisal rests of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, appeared entirely on the teachers. The shifting of this before the Illinois State Tax Commission and moral and financial burden to the teachers on behalf of the Federation presented to that would seem injustice enough in itself, with- Commission the communication printed else- out adding insult to injury. where in this issue, setting forth specifically the following complaint against the Board of Should an order for reassessment of the Review : real estate of Chicago be issued by the State Tax Commission, and should the enforcement (1) Failure to print the quadrennial real of this order fail to produce an equitable, uni- 1 estate assessment lists as required by form reassessment because of the lack of this law. scientific, uniform appraisal of the real estate of the City, the responsibility for the failure (2) Failure to make and publish rules of of such reassessment of real estate of Chicago procedure as required by law. will not rest on the Chicago Teachers' Feder- ation. (3) Gross inequalities of assessment of property in Chicago in violation of law. That responsibility will rest primarily on the Board of Assessors and the Board of Re- The responsibility rests on the Chicago view who failed to avail themselves of this Teachers' Federation to present evidence to appropriation of $450,000 on the terms and the State Tax Commission to prove its for the purposes appropriated. The responsi- charges against the Board of Assessors and bility for such failure will rest, secondarily, Board of Review. upon the Board of Education, the City Council, and the County Board for failure to use that The State Tax Commission is the tribunal $450,000 for the purpose appropriated when authorized, empowered, and charged with the the Board of Assessors neglected and refused responsibility, under the law, of ordering a to use it. reassessment of the real estate of any county in the State, "or in any assessment district The lack of a uniform, scientific appraisal of thereof, when in its judgment such reassess- the entire real estate of Chicago may delay the ment is desirable or necessary ." making of a reassessment, should such reassess- ment be ordered by the State Tax Commission. The responsibility rests on the State Tax That delay may in turn delay the collection of the Commission for determining whether the evi- taxes and cause serious inconvenience to the City, dence to be presented in support of these the Board of Education, the County Board, and 46 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25, 1927 other tax levying bodies. No responsibility will It should not be necessary to remind you, rest on the teachers of Chicago if that happens. Mr. Coath-nor Sam Ettelson either that I The record of the teachers of Chicago is was not born yesterday, nor was the Chicago clear. They have tried to meet, and are meet Teachers' Federation. The late, lamented ing, their responsibility to the school children, Catharine Goggin and I left our school rooms to the public schools, to the tax payers, and to twenty-seven years ago, at the request of the the public generally. The teachers are doing Chicago Teachers' Federation, to lead the this in the face of obstacles put in their way Chicago teachers in the fight for equitable, by public officials who are themselves charged with the responsibility and supplied with the uniform assessment of property in Chicago necessary public funds for doing the work for as the honest and fair means of preventing which the teachers are forced to assume all the then threatened cut in teachers' salaries. responsibility in order to secure the necessary That fight of twenty-seven years is now reach- revenue to keep the schools running and to ing fruition . pay present salary schedules . Nor am I a " self-constituted leader" though The State Tax Commission on October 18 definitely refused to consider the plea of the the newspaper article in which you are quoted, cities of Urbana, Champaign and Rantoul, as shown at the opening of this letter, makes that a reassessment, by delaying the payment it clear that I am the person to whom you of taxes, would seriously inconvenience these refer in that quotation as "this self-consti- cities. Incidentally the Commission has ruled tuted leader ." that these cities have no cause for complaint that they were not notified of the hearing be- I have been the Business Representative of fore the Tax Commission at which the evi- the Chicago Teachers' Federation for twenty- dence of unequal assessments was presented. The members of the Board of Review of seven years . I have been elected by unani- Champaign County were present and admit- mous vote of the Federation every year of ted the truth of all the charges and of the that twenty-seven at the regular annual evidence presented in support of these meetings for the election of officers. These charges on October 6. meetings have always been open to the entire All three of these Champaign County cities membership of the Federation and every pleaded on October 18 that they had officially member had a vote. The Federation consists recognized that there were inequalities in their of class-room teachers only. There are more real estate assessments and had appropriated than six thousand public school class-room money to ascertain actual values of their real teachers in the Chicago Teachers' Federation. estate in order to be able to rectify these in- equalities. Twenty-seven years ago, Miss Goggin, as The Tax Commission ruled that the admis- teacher, citizen and taxpayer, was consider- ing invoking the courts on behalf of the Chi- sion by these cities that they had made such appropriations for that purpose was corrobo- cago Teachers' Federation to compel the rative evidence of the charge of inequalities State Board of Equalization to assess the in assessments in Champaign County made to franchises of the Chicago Public Service cor- the Tax Commission by the Farm Bureau of porations-the Street Railways, Gas, Electric Champaign County. The admission by these Light and Telephone Companies-which were cities that they failed to use the money for the escaping taxation entirely on $200,000,000 of purpose appropriated weakened instead of franchise values in the streets of Chicago. strengthened the plea of these three cities to At her request I consulted ex-Governor the State Tax Commission not to order a reas- Altgeld, who told me to tell Miss Goggin that sessment of Champaign County on account we were right, to go ahead with our man- of the delay it might cause in collecting taxes damus proceedings against the State Board and consequent inconvenience to these cities. of Equalization but not to expect to win ; that there was not a court in Christendom that The Illinois State Tax Commission made it would give us a decision against those great clear at its hearing on October 19 that what is powerful corporations. sauce for the Champaign-Urbana geese will be sauce for the Chicago ganders. Well, we found, not only one court, but a October 25, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 47 succession of courts that forced the State these citizens. It is unscientific to call upon teach- Board of Equalization to obey the law. That ers to train for citizenship-builders with an as- Board re-convened and assessed the fran- sessment situation where the support of the chises of those public service corporations . schools is undermined by the very assessment Et Judge Creighton and Judge Thompson in the machinery created to provide for that support in Circuit Court of Sangamon County gave the a fair and equitable way. preliminary decisions against that State Board of Equalization and they were sus- A former president of the Board of Education, tained by the unanimous decision of the Illi- a distinguished lawyer, told Miss Goggin and me nois Supreme Court. Those public service before we started our first tax campaign that ai corporations were assessed and they paid there was no body of people better qualified than their taxes on their franchises. They paid were teachers to take up this work; that it was $598,000 into the public treasury in June, an educational work and that it was fitting that 1902 . the public school teachers should engage in it. When we started twenty-seven years ago, Miss That teachers' case went to the Supreme Court Goggin and I, it was with “God-speed you" from of the United States. That court held that the the then president of the Board of Education provision of uniformity of assessment in the con- who told us to "Go ahead in the name of the stitution of the State of Illinois must be enforced. children of Chicago. I am with you. " It took a seven year fight through the courts to get that United States Supreme Court decision. We did go ahead in the name of the children of Chicago and we won. We intend to continue. The State of Illinois since that time has created And we shall win. tax machinery, the Illinois State Tax Commission, with power to enforce that constitutional provi- And this brings me to the second paragraph sion of uniformity of assessment of property quoted above. In it you are reported as say- throughout the State of Illinois. It is that deci- ing in the newspapers October 1 : sion of the United States Supreme Court, com- manding obedience to the Illinois constitutional "The teachers' problems are the Board's provision of uniformity, that we are now invok- problems. If there is any fight necessary to ing the legally constituted tax machinery of the protect their interests the Board itself has State of Illinois to enforce. the legal power to raise all necessary funds; moreover, the Board is anxious and willing It is not necessary now, as it was twenty- seven to do that." years ago, to invoke the slow processes of the courts in order to obtain the enforcement of this Your public admission on October 1, that the constitutional provision of uniformity. The teach- Board has the legal power to raise funds for " any ers of Chicago have been traveling this road fight necessary to protect their [the teachers'] in- through the courts for a long time. The United terests" is interesting. Your further statement States Supreme Court has interpreted the prin- that the Board “is anxious and willing to do it" ciple of uniformity in the constitution of the State would be more convincing if the Board would use of Illinois. The Illinois Legislature has created the $100,000 which it appropriated on March 23, machinery for enforcing that decision. The facts 1927, for the purpose for which it was appropri- in the assessment situation in Chicago warrant ated, namely, "to secure a more equitable taxa- immediate action for relief. The people of Chi- tion of property in Chicago," and if it would cago and Cook County are entitled equally with DO IT NOW. the people of other counties to that relief. In a resolution adopted by the Board of The inequitable condition of assessment of Education on November 26, 1924, the Board property in Chicago threatens not only the rev- made a similar declaration. You were a mem- enue for the schools and other public purposes ber of that Board and you voted for that but the whole morale of the people. There is resolution, in which for the first time in its nothing more harmful to the morale of the peo- history the Chicago Board of Education ad- ple, nothing that retards the efforts of the teach- mitted its duty and responsibility under ers to develop character and make good citizens Section 3 of the Revenue Law to sit in at meet- more than does the failure of the assessing and ings of the Board of Review by representa- taxing machinery which supplies the revenue for tive and look after the interests of the school the support of the schools that are to educate funds by compelling the Board of Review 48 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25, 1927 to provide for those funds according to law. sion to increase the assessment of that cor- poration. In the afternoon of the same day In my open letter of September 30 to Mayor Mr. Ashton returned with the attorney for Thompson I made the following statement : that corporation and asked the State Tax Commission not to increase the assessment. "The records show that the Board of Educa- Both times he appeared as the representative tion, four years ago, acknowledged that it and on behalf of the Board of Education . The was the duty of the Board under the law to Chairman of the State Tax Commission was see to it that the necessary revenue for the then and is now Mr. Wm. H. Malone . schools was provided. But its attempts to perform that duty have been so half-hearted and ineffectual as to warrant the teachers in On the 10th of March, 1926, the City Coun- cil refused to comply with the request of the formulating and carrying out their own pro- Board of Education presented in January, gram for getting school revenue." 1926, to submit to the people of Chicago a dollar tax rate increase for the educational Mr. Coath, you were a member of the Board fund . of Education and attended the joint meeting of the Board's committees on Finance, School Administration, Buildings and Grounds, held On the 22nd of March, 1926, the same spe- on the 30th of January, 1925, when, at the re- cial attorney for the Board of Education, quest of John Fitzpatrick, E. N. Nockels and who had figured in the fiasco of 1925 before the Board of Review and the one before the Victor Olander, I told the story of one of the half-hearted and ineffectual attempts of the State Tax Commission, appeared before the Board of Education before the Board of Re- Finance Committee of the City Council as the view to get revenue for the schools . That was representative of the Board of Education. the case of the reassessment of the 135 acres He read to the Committee portions of an opin- of land owned by the Union Stock Yards Com- ion he had prepared for presentation to the Board of Education which drew from Alder- pany, valued by that company at $ 130,000 an acre for rate making purposes and fixed at a man Clark this remark : " Our program is full value of $ 11,000 an acre by the Board going to be a failure if what you say is true." of Review for taxation purposes. As it may Alderman Nelson agreed with Alderman Clark . have escaped your memory I have reprinted that story here from the Bulletin of April 9, 1925, and submit it to you as a part of this In fact, the then Chairman of the Finance communication . Committee of the City Council, Mr. Wood- hull, requested two newspaper reporters who were present not to print the statements made Mr. Coath, now that you, as President of the Board, are trying to impress on the teach- by the special tax attorney for the Board of Education because of the effect it would have ers that the Board is ready and willing to finance the public service which you object to on the program of the City Council to secure necessary information as to real estate values the teachers financing, it may be well for the to demand of the Board of Assessors and teachers of Chicago to refresh their memories Board of Review an equitable, uniform assess- at this time by re-reading this reprint of the ment of real estate in Chicago. The reporters stenographic report of my story to you and did not print Mr. Ashton's statement. to the six other Board members on January 30, 1925 . The stenographic report of that meeting of the Finance Committee of the City Council About the same time that the Chicago Teachers Federation turned over the data in on March 22, 1926, is on file in the office of regard to the value of the 135 acres of stock- the Chicago Teachers' Federation. yards land to Mr. Ashton, as special attorney Nor is a backward look over a record of the for the Board of Education, data in regard past seven months calculated to inspire confi- to the tax evasions of another notorious tax dence in your assurance of October 1 that if dodging public service corporation was turned there is any fight necessary to protect the in- over to Mr. Ashton . terest of the teachers the Board itself has the legal power to raise all necessary funds and Mr. Ashton appeared one morning before that the Board is anxious and willing to do it. the State Tax Commission on behalf of the Board of Education and urged that Commis- The teachers would welcome action NOW by October 25, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 49 the Board of Education and other public bodies, Your threat of October 1st to dismiss any vigorous, prompt and effective action, by the teacher who contributed a dime to the $ 100,000 public officials. The teachers would be glad to fund of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, for see that $450,000 appropriation set to work to getting scientific appraisals to check against the secure the appraisal of the real estate of Chicago assessments of the Board of Review, reminds me as it was intended to be used. of the hearing in Springfield before the State Board of Equalization which Miss Goggin and I Instead of an assurance to the teachers and attended twenty-seven years ago. We watched tax payers of Chicago that the Board of Edu- that Board of Equalization applaud as the attor- cation intended to proceed at once to use its ney for one of the corporations (whose omitted $100,000 appropriation for the purpose ap- property we were asking the State Board of propriated, namely, toward securing a scien- Equalization to assess) told the Board that if the tific, uniform appraisal of real estate in Chi- policemen or firemen came down before that cago, the following astounding announcement Board and made such a demand that they (the from you, Mr. Coath, as President of the State Board of Equalization) would throw them Board of Education appeared in the Herald- out of the window and that the only reason they Examiner on October 1, in the year of our Lord did not throw the teachers out was that we were and " America First"-1927 : women. He [ Mr. Coath] emphatically warned the Margaret Haley sympathizers that any The old State Board of Equalization has gone teachers contributing to her $100,000 fund into the discard. After 27 years, instead of ap- for a real estate survey of Chicago would be plauding threats to throw women teachers out the subject of charges before the School -not out of the window but out of the schools- Board. If convicted they would be dis- for pointing out venerable irregularities in real charged, he said. estate assessments, the State Tax Commission, "Charges of mental incompetence will be filed which succeeded the old State Board of Equal- against them if they contribute," he said. ization, is giving serious consideration to requests With that threat of dismissal went the fol- of the teachers and others to throw out inequit- able assessments and order new assessments. lowing promise, for good measure : "There will be no decrease in the salary of Meantime you, Mr. Coath, as President of the the Chicago teachers ! " Board of Education, are publicly threatening through the newspapers to file charges of mental True to presidential precedents , your fears incompetency and throw out of the schools any of "salary cuts" seem to be born of night- teacher who pays a dime to the $100,000 fund mares and your hopes of "raises" or "no cuts" of the Chicago Teachers' Federation to secure of illusions or of the stuff of which dreams evidence of value of real estate in Chicago to be are made. Else how account for this bit of presented to the State Tax Commission in order chronology from newspaper headlines appear- to correct inequalities in assessments. ing in the last six months : June 5-"Coath Pledges Salary Boost for Teach- Meanwhile, the teachers are watchfully wait- ers . " Herald - Examiner . ing to see what charges you intend to bring and how, when and where you intend to bring them June 30-"Cut Teachers' Pay Next Year Coath against Miss Emma McCredie, the teacher who Threat."- Tribune . replied to your public threat of October 1 , 1927, by presenting, on that day, to the Chicago Teach- July 27-" Coath Has Plan to Avoid Cut in Pay ers' Federation her check for $25. A photo- of Teachers . " Post . graphic reproduction of this check bearing her signature and the date, October 1 , 1927, is re- Aug. 21-"Must Cut Teachers' Pay--Coath."_ produced here. Tribune . It cost the teachers of Chicago too dearly to Sept. 30-"Teachers' Pay Safe From Cut, Coath's get their tenure law ever to forget, or to permit Pledge. " Tribune. anybody else to forget, that the legislature of 50 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25, 1927 1917 put an end to arbitrary dismissals of Chi- self expression. Whatever difference of opinion cago teachers, either at the end of or during the there may be among the members of the teach- school year. They know that since 1917 the ing force of Chicago on any other question this is school law for Chicago has provided that ap- one where there will be no deviation from the pointments after the three-year probationary determination to maintain this essential right at period are permanent; that no teacher after that all hazards. probationary period can be discharged except after a trial by the Board of Education on writ- The loss of respect for a little brief authority ten charges which must be presented to the of position is a loss the teachers may sustain with- Board by the Superintendent of Schools. out serious injury to themselves or the public The Chicago Teachers' tenure law is a recog- they serve. But the loss of self-respect and self nition of a virile demand of the teachers of Chi- expression is a loss to teachers and to the com- cago for a legislative safeguard against invasion munity they serve that no self respecting teaching of their right to maintain their self-respect and force can afford to allow its members to lose. Morgen A. Haly PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF MISS McCREDIE'S CHECK FOR $25 (Referred to in and made a part of the Masthead Report) COMMONWEALTHTRUSTAND SAVINGS BANK 2-166 WENTWORTH AVENUE AT SIXTY- NINTH STREET CHICAGO, Od 1927 No.197 PAY TO THE ORDER OF TheChicago reachers no Federations25/00 DOLLARS Twenty-five and EmmaM.McCredie Teachers Charge Unequal Assessments (Referred to in and made a part of the Masthead Report) Chicago, October 5, 1927. entire lack of orderly procedure has resulted in a chaotic Hon. William H. Malone, Chairman, condition in the assessment of real estate in the city of Illinois State Tax Commission, Chicago. 11 South La Salle Street, For the reasons given above and other reasons the Chi- Chicago, Illinois. cago Teachers' Federation respectfully requests the Illi- nois State Tax Commission to fix an early date for a Dear Sir: The Chicago Teachers' Federation respect- hearing at which evidence in support of these charges fully requests the opportunity, at an early date, to bring may be presented and reasons shown for our request that to the attention of your Honorable Board the grossest kind of inequalities in the assessments of real estate in your Honorable Board take cognizance of the appalling conditions of assessment of real estate in Chicago. the city of Chicago, which inequalities we believe can be We further ask that the Illinois State Tax Commission corrected only through action by your Board. require the presence of the Board of Assessors and Board The Board of Assessors and Board of Review of Cook of Review of Cook County at this hearing. County have admitted that the situation is very bad. Respectfully, The Board of Assessors and Board of Review have CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. never made and published rules of procedure as required by law and for many years have not published a quad- By MARGARET A. HALEY, rennial assessment of real estate as required by law. The Business Representative. October 25, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 51 History of Tax Fight Is Answer to ent Challenge Story Shows Board's Ineffectual Attempts to Meet Responsibility In this issue of the Bulletin is reprinted a story of a half-hearted and ineffectual attempt of the Board of Education to meet its acknowledged duty under the law, of seeing that the nec- essary revenue for the schools is provided . This story was first printed in the first issue of the Bulletin, April 9, 1925, under the title " A Sixty Day Tax Fight." It is reprinted here in reply to the statement of the President of the Board of Education October 1, 1927. In that statement ‫ا‬ he challenged the right of the teachers to formulate and finance a program for obtaining school revenue. Originally the story was told to the Board of Education at the request of the Federation of Labor. It was told to the Board at a time when the Board was curtailing the privileges of the children by petty economies on bath-towels , penny lunches and by increasing the number of children to a teacher. It was told then for the purpose of showing that the teachers were warranted in formulating and carrying out their own program for getting school revenue. The story is reprinted here as stated in the Masthead because of the challenge of the Ma- yor of this city and of the President of the Board of Education to the teachers to defend that right to formulate and finance a program for public revenue. This story ( referred to in the Masthead) together with the Masthead is an answer to those two challenges : Early in December of 1924, the Chicago Fed- PRESIDENT MODERWELL: Miss Haley. MISS MARGARET HALEY : Mr. Chairman, I have eration of Labor asked the Board of Educa- assumed, or did assume until Mr. Henry presented his tion for a hearing on matters of importance report of October 21 , 1924, to the auditor of this Board, to the Federation. A hearing was granted and on the question of memberships, that every one admitted all that the speakers for the Federation of Labor who John Fitzpatrick, President of the Federation, preceded me today have said regarding large numbers of together with Edward N. Nockels, Secretary, pupils to a teacher, but a new theory has been pro- pounded by the Secretary of the Finance Committee of Victor A. Olander, Christian Madsen and Ed- the Board of Education, which opens up for discussion win R. Wright, appeared before a joint meet- that field we had supposed was closed. ing of the committees on Finance, Building Now, I simply wish to enter my protest against the fol- and Grounds and School Administration on lowing statements by Mr. Henry in that report : January 30, 1925. The following members "In general it has been assumed that a small class is the best assurance of good teaching results; and the of the Board of Education were present : Mr. average teacher probably feels that she cannot do Moderwell, President, Mr. Smietanka, Mr. justice to herself if held responsible for a large class Fellows, Miss Temple, Mrs. Hefferan, Mr. group. Greenebaum and Mr. Coath. "But the results shown by the most careful tests that have been made do not support the common At this hearing at the request of the officials assumption that effective teaching in general depends of the Chicago Federation of Labor, Margaret upon small class groupings. The suggestion here A. Haley appeared and made the following made is, that, in view of the favorable showing of statement which is reproduced from the large classes in the reports mentioned, the present shortage of class room space and the deficit in the stenogrophic report of the hearing : educational fund may reasonably be urged as an Labor Says-Smaller Classes emergency requiring at least a trial of the plan of readjusting programs to provide a more uniform + MR . FITZPATRICK : Mr. Chairman and Members of assignment of large classes in the various schools." 1 the Board : One of the other propositions to be presented to you was the question of the financial policy of the Financial Expert Says-Larger Classes 1 Board of Education. Of course, that has a controlling Elsewhere in the report the statment appears that : influence over the whole situation. The Chicago Federa- "There is little difference between the achieve- tion of Labor does not feel qualified through any of its ments of the pupils when taught in large classes present officers to present an argument to this Board on (from 42 to 54 pupils) and when taught in smaller the financial end of it, but we have selected a person who, classes." we believe, understands the financial situation as it affects the Board of Education and the children and the educa- Boards of Education in the past have always admitted tional system of the City of Chicago possibly better than that if they increased the membership in classes, they did any other person in the city of Chicago. The Chicago it reluctantly, regretfully, made no excuse of this kind, Federation of Labor now wants to present to you as its namely, that it was a better thing for the children or a representative to present the argument on the matter of better thing for education. This is the first time that finance, Miss Margaret Haley. kind of argument has been used. We challenge that 52 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25 , 1927 statement and we challenge Mr. Henry's right as secre- What Did the Board Mean? tary of the Finance Committee to be permitted to promul- We congratulated ourselves when the Board of Educa- gate an educational theory of that kind and then have tion acknowledged its responsibility and its legal right to the Board proceed to put in larger classes on that take up this tax question, and we took definite steps to authority. cooperate with the Board. The last paragraph of this You can hardly tell what the situation is, whether it is document, which is the resolution, did not, it appeared lack of money or because large classes are considered to me, give the special counsel, authorized by the resolu- just as good. I will assume, however, that if the Board tion, authority to appear before the Board of Review had plenty of money, it would pay no attention to Mr. except on behalf of complaints already filed. I made that Henry, that it would have the smaller classes . statement. It was printed in some of the newspapers . One of the newspapers printed a statement from the Board Authorizes Tax Campaign President of the Board and from Mr. Greenebaum con- Now, Mr. Chairman, on the matter of this money, I troverting my statement. This is what appeared in an want to speak on one concrete case . It is very distress- editorial in the Post two days after the resolution was ing to us. For 25 years our Chicago Teachers' Federa- adopted " The resolution appointing Mr. Ashton"-Mr. tion has been attempting to do something to get revenue Ashton was appointed special counsel-"makes specific for the schools by way of enforcing the tax laws. On mention of only these avenues of activity." That refers to the 26th of last November, the Board of Education appearances before the Board of Review on complaints adopted a resolution, presented by Mr. Greenebaum. In filed. " We are assured, however, by President Moder- that resolution the Board took a great forward step, well of the School Board and Mr. Greenebaum, that which, as far as I know no other Board ever took. It there is no intention to limit his work, and that he may recited in this resolution : institute proceedings and report new instances of gross "Whereas, the authority to appear before said under - valuation or take any other steps which he sees fit." Board of Review and to take all necessary steps to enforce the assessment of taxable property accord- When I saw that in the Post I said, "Now, I shall ing to law is given by Section 35 of the Revenue assume that I am wrong, that Mr. Ashton has been given Act of 1898 to all taxing bodies within the City, unlimited authority by the Board of Education, or at including the Board of Education, and it appears to least the Board intended to give it to him if the lan- be to the best interests of the schools that the Board guage of the resolution is not clear on that point; and of Education should have counsel to represent it for instead of presenting to the Board of Review a complaint this purpose." which the Chicago Teachers' Federation had carefully prepared, together with the information on which to base The newspapers glowingly announced the adoption of the complaint, I presented all that material to Mr. Ash- the resolution by the Board of Education. The following ton. Before doing this I was assured by Mr. Ashton that from the Tribune of November 27 is a sample: he considered that he was clothed with authority to pre- " SCHOOL BOARD OPENS FIGHT ON TAX sent that complaint and to proceed to the end with it. DODGERS Therefore we turned over to him our complaint against the assessment of 135 acres of Union Stock Yards Co. "Chicago's school board yesterday joined hands with land which was assessed in 1923 by the assessors, and the Chicago Teachers' Federation in its fight to bring confirmed by the Board of Review, at a full value of the tax dodgers to time and to see that all property is $11,000 an acre, while the evidence of the Stock Yards' assessed to the letter of the law. appraisers on file before the Department of Agriculture By adoption of a resolution at its meeting yesterday in Washington, showed that the Stock Yards Co. claimed the board decided to employ counsel to represent the the value to be $130,000.00 an acre. board at hearings now in progress before the board of review. The resolution urges that its representative take Teachers Offer Co-operation such action as may be necessary to see that proper as- sessments are enforced. We furnished to Mr. Ashton, 307 pages of that record certified from Washington; and we paid for it. We fur- Schools' Finances Serious nished an assistant attorney to Mr. Ashton and paid him The resolution, offered by Edgar N. Greenebaum, vice- $35.00 a day for the time he spent; we paid for steno- president of the board, is looked upon in school circles graphic and other services for him; we did everything to as another indication of the seriousness of the school's help Mr. Ashton get the complaint filed before the Board finances . of Review against this assessment. We had all arrange- Mr. Greenebaum pointed out that although it was ments made to file this complaint ourselves and to carry estimated that property values in Chicago had increased it to the end. $500,000,000 since 1921 , only about $80,000,000 had been Mr. Ashton filed the complaint in the name of the added to the total assessed values beyond the figures Board of Education and there was a hearing before the of 1921 . Board of Review on December 26th last. I have the 'It is a matter of common knowledge,' he said, 'that stenographic record of that hearing during which I took so large a number of reductions are being made during occasion to explain the relation of the Teachers' Federa- the current year that there is danger of the totals falling tion in the matter of this complaint. I wished to make below those for the year 1923.' it perfectly clear that we were not interfering with the Miss Haley Pleased Board of Education, that we were trying to cooperate with the Board, to make effective what the Board was Miss Margaret Haley of the Chicago Teachers' Fed- trying to do, through Mr. Ashton. eration expressed satisfaction over the board's move. The attorneys for the Stock Yards Company came be- Miss Haley's organization raised a fund of $50,000 to fore the Board of Review on Dec. 26. We have the bring about adequate assessments." record. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 53 October 25, 1927 2 The record shows they admitted that the value of that that courtesy required him to consult the attorney for ground is $ 130,000 an acre, that they are contending be- the Board of Education. fore the Department of Agriculture that this is the I reminded Mr. Ashton that two months before, when value, and that they intend to continue to insist that the I turned that complaint over to him as special counsel Department of Agriculture permit them to make service for the Board of Education to be filed in the name of rates to the public based on that valuation. Yet they the Board I relied upon the assurance given by the demanded to pay taxes on a valuation of $ 11,000 an acre. President of the Board of Education and of Mr. Greene- i baum, printed in the Post of November 29, that he had Where Anarchy Comes From authority to proceed in the courts if the action of the 8 I do not wonder that men like John Fitzpatrick and Board of Review on the complaint was not satisfactory. those he represents feel cynical about these things when When Mr. Ashton took that complaint of the teachers a man representing the Stock Yards Co. stands up before and filed it in the name of the Board of Education he a public body like the Board of Review and in the pres- told me he would bring mandamus proceedings against ence of a room full of teachers demands a valuation of the Board of Review in the name of the Board of $11,000 an acre on which to pay taxes and a valuation Education if that assessment was not satisfactory. The of $130,000 an acre as a basis for fixing service rates to stenographic record shows that Mr. Ashton made it clear the public. You do not need to go to the Reds and the at the hearing before the Board of Review that he 1 Bolsheviks to find out where the anarchy is coming from intended so to do. in this country. When I left Mr. Ashton at the foot of the stairs on L A discussion took place at the conclusion of the hear- the seventh floor of the County Building at noon on ing as to how Mr. Ashton could protect the right of the January 23rd he was on his way to the eighth floor ‫نا‬ Board of Education to take this complaint to the courts to file that petition and thereby secure the right of the in the event that the Board of Review failed to comply Board of Education to proceed in the Courts and test satisfactorily with the request to raise the assessment. that case which was one of the best that could be found. Mr. Ashton had a petition for mandamus prepared-he A half hour later I learned to my amazement that in- had it in the room that day and showed it to me and he stead of proceeding to the eighth floor to file his peti- asked the Board of Review to give him time to file this tion for mandamus Mr. Ashton had proceeded to Judge petition if the action of the Board of Review was not Torrison's Court to consult the Attorney for the Board satisfactory. of Education who was engaged in the hearing of a ‫اکر‬ Mr. Ashton made clear to the Board of Review that if case in that court. I proceeded at once to Judge it announced its assessment and then immediately turned Torrison's court and at one o'clock we had a conference its books over to the County Clerk he would not be able in Judge Torrison's jury room at which Mr. Righeimer, to start proceedings in the courts on behalf of the Board Mr. Ashton, Mr. Winston, the attorney we had employed ‫ا‬ of Education. He told the Board of Review that it with Mr. Ashton's approval to work with him, Mr. was his intention to take the matter to the courts if Condee and myself were present. the assessment was not satisfactory. There are several pages of discussion on that matter in the stenographic Up Like a Rocket-Down Like a Stick report. The Board of Review asked how much time Mr. Righeimer told Mr. Ashton at this conference that Mr. Ashton wanted and he said twenty- four hours. It the resolution adopted by the Board of Education on was finally agreed that Mr. Ashton would be given November 26 gave no authority to file complaints before ‫ا‬ twenty-four hours which he said would be sufficient, the Board of Review or to bring proceedings in the and he further said he would be ready to start action courts; that he, Mr. Righeimer, would have to consult in the courts if they would give him twenty-four hours the Board of Education in regard to signing that peti- before they turned over their books. That was on tion. I asked him if he would have to have a meet- December 26. ing of the Board and he said he would have to see the Last Friday, January 23rd, the Board of Review held President of the Board. He refused to give Mr. Ashton a meeting, which I attended, and this is what happened: authority to sign that petition and he did not sign it him- Mr. Ashton appeared and the Board of Review an- self. That was all I heard until yesterday when Mr. nounced that it had added $2,000,000 to the full value Ashton called me up to tell me he had received the of this 135 acres of Stock Yards land, making the total following letter from Mr. Righeimer : full value, as fixed by the Board of Review, about $3,500,000, whereas, the appraisement by the Stock Yards BOARD OF EDUCATION Company's own appraisers showed the full value to be City of Chicago $18,000,000. Even on Assessor Weber's basis of valu- Law Department ation namely, 75% of actual full value, the Board of 79 West Monroe Street ‫ا‬ Review should have fixed the full value at not less than Frank S. Righeimer, Attorney $13,000,000 instead of $3,500,000 . January 27, 1925. Mr. Ashton Threatens Mandamus Henry M. Ashton, Esq., 50-138 N. LaSalle Street, Mr. Ashton objected to this valuation and then and Chicago, Illinois. there showed me his petition for mandamus which he had brought to the hearing ready to file against the Board My dear Mr. Ashton: ‫ال‬ of Review. Naturally I was interested and urged Mr. I have been engaged in court so that I have been Ashton to lose no time but to proceed at once to file unable to get in touch with you, but I felt that in view this petition in order that he might get service on the of what you said to me the other day at Judge Torrison's Board of Review at once before they turned their books that I must make the following clear : over to the County Clerk. I said, "You know they will The resolution under which you were employed pro- turn those books over in twenty-four hours as agreed vided for the appearance of an Attorney before the 1 on December 26." Mr. Ashton said he was ready but Board of Review on complaints filed. The Board of 54 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25, 1927 Review having adjourned it follows that there is at the schools are not making good; they know it is true. present no authority for your further employment. Teachers know that they cannot teach 48 or 54 children, Very sincerely yours, they cannot teach 45 as they should. They are not teaching school, they are keeping school; and we feel (Signed) Frank S. Righeimer, that it is a wrong state of affairs. Attorney." We feel that if the Board of Education would take If that isn't going up like a rocket and coming down hold of this tax matter, take hold of it in good faith, like a stick, I don't know. adopt a resolution that has teeth in it, and ask for the Now, Mr. Chairman, I want to say that we started in cooperation of the teachers the Board would see how to cooperate with the Board of Education in good faith quickly it would get it; but we do not want sham co- to get the tax laws enforced, and when we had our own operation; we do not want to spend $8,000 aadvertising case of this kind and brought our own mandamus pro- a case like that Stock Yards assessment , as we did ceedings, some years ago, we filed our petition and we advertise that case in all the Chicago newspapers on got service on the Board of Assessors , and we brought the third of last November and then have it fall down. them to time. If the Board of Education had been ready, if Mr. Righeimer had been ready and his signature was Now, this Stock Yards case has fallen down to the on that petition, and if that petition had been filed as ground. We must start it all over again if it is started soon as the Board of Review closed its hearing on at all. The Board of Review on Jan. 23rd gave the Jan. 23, the Board of Education would have a case Board of Education the 24 hours-which your attorney against the Board of Review and we would have had the on Dec. 26 asked, and at the end of 24 hours this Board satisfaction of having the case thrashed out in court. of Education was not ready. Now, if the teachers have The proof is beyond question, that $ 130,000 an acre is to go alone, as we have gone for 25 years, we are ready the admitted value of that property of the Stock Yards to go alone, and we are ready to fight it out; but I Co., while it is assessed now at about thirteen or four- think that we ought not to have to go alone. I think the Board of Education and the teachers both are neces- teen thousand dollars an acre . I say, Mr. President, that that is what is the matter sary; there are only a few members of your Board, but with the teachers and the work in the schools and why you have an enormous amount of power; there is a vast we have crowding of the children and platooning of the number of teachers; but if we take the two together, children and all the rest of it, we haven't the money. the power of the teachers, and the power of this Board, The Board of Education in its resolution of Nov. 26 we could very soon put the money into the public treasury. made a statement which is well worth remembering : "Whereas , Although there were increases in tax- Ask Legislature for Relief able property in the City which, by conservative estimates, amounted to much more than $500,000,000 There is an amendment to the constitution, which is to since the valuations were made for the year 1921 , be presented to the Legislature in a few days, agreed there was , nevertheless, in 1923 only about $80,000,000 upon by a large number of organizations, I think more added to the total assessed values for the City of than thirty; there seems to be a coming together of all Chicago beyond the figures of 1921" : the forces , to try to get that amendment to the state constitution, which would put an entirely different Board's Action Fiasco foundation under our taxing system, so we can proceed intelligently. If there is cooperation we may be able We find that this resolution of the Board gave its to get that through this session of the legislature and special counsel no authority to proceed to get the then get it approved by the people. Without cooperation, difference between that $500,000,000 and the $80,000,000 that too may fail. put on the tax books. That is $420,000,000 of property, Now, Mr. President, it is for cooperation I am plead- and I insist, Mr. President, that if this Board of Edu- ing. We have the Federation of Labor. There is no cation, after laying the foundation, saying it had au- reason why we should not have the other bodies I re- thority, and that it was its right to proceed before the ferred to. We are sick and tired of this tax-fixing and Board of Review had, in fact, acted on that authority tax-dodging and the things that are coming out of it. and with that right, it was within the power of the Board of Education to demand and insist that that A man left his desk a few days ago, closed it up and went out. He didn't even take his papers with him, he $420,000,000 be put on the tax books. If we can do that, was so disgusted, I suppose he didn't want to put them instead of going after the children and increasing the on his person. When they went to his desk and opened size of classes, you would have harmony in the schools it up they found he was a tax-fixer, and in four years and you would have co-operation from the teachers . as a tax-fixer he made enough money so that he moved The teachers know that if they have 48 children, or into a $40,000 house the other day. He said he is out 54 children, as some of them have now, that, nothwith- of that dirty business for the rest of his life. It is standing what Mr. Henry may think about it, they will the moral side of this question that appeals to us; the fall down. Then a superintendent of schools can come along from somewhere or nowhere, and tell the teachers morals of the whole people are being perverted by this tax- fixing and tax-dodging. that they are falling down, and the teachers get the blame. The superintendent does not get the blame; his Schools Lose $6,000,000 Yearly assistants do not get it; the next row down in the hierarchy does not get it; neither does the next. The I submit it is the responsibility of the Board of Edu- people that are officially blamed are the teachers in the cation, as set forth in its resolution, to take hold of this school rooms. They are the ones who carry the burden; thing. $500,000,000 you, yourselves, said, was the increase they are the ones that are held responsible; and Mr. from 1921 to 1923. $80,000,000 got on the tax books. President, the teachers do feel that responsibility, they $420,000,000 escaped. Four per cent of that is $16,000,000. feel it keenly. When Mr. Wright comes here and says (Continued on Page 57) October 25 , 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 55 Boards Fail to Use Money, Teachers File Complaint Responsibility Rests on Boards of Assessors and Review , Says Fairweather The communication printed below shows Assessors requested the appropriation of that responsibility rests primarily on the $200,000 which Mr. Fairweather shows was 120 Board of Assessors and Board of Review for to be expended under a plan and method that their failure to avail themselves of the appro- would produce such an assessment in 1927. priation of $ 250,000 made February 28, 1927, The Illinois State Tax Commission has be- by the County Board. It was to be used to fore it the complaint filed by the Teachers ' obtain an equitable, uniform quadrennial as- Federation against the 1927 assessment of real sessment of real estate this year, 1927 . estate, filed because of the failure of the as- This communication is from Mr. George O. sessing boards to make use of the money pro- A Fairweather, chairman of the Joint Tax Com- vided for an equitable, uniform, scientific mission authorized by the County Board, who appraisal as a basis for a uniform assessment. here reports to the Board that the Board of Following is the communication : JOINT COMMISSION ON REAL ESTATE VALUA- In view of the fact that the time for your budget- TIONS making ends on Monday, February 28th, the Commission feels that it is unwilling to take the responsibility for any CHICAGO ‫اب‬ failure of improvement in the situation with regard to February 25, 1927. the assessment on lands, due to the fact that the Asses- To the Board of Commissioners, Cook County, sors may claim there are insufficient funds to establish Chicago, Illinois. and set up a system in order to bring such improvement Gentlemen: The Finance Committee of your Board to pass. In default of a request from the Assessors com- has heretofore considered a request from the Board of ing to your Board for such fund, the Commission now Assessors for a specific appropriation of $200,000 in your respectfully requests your Board to consider setting up forth-coming budget, to provide for improvements in the in your budget a provisional fund to cover the assessment valuation of buildings in connection with the coming on lands with similar limitations as the provision hereto- quadrennial assessment. This appropriation, we under- fore discussed to be set up to cover the assessments on stand, is to be expended under a plan and method which buildings. The actual sum to be spent under such a pro- will secure dependable and permanent results . The Joint vision may run all the way from $50,000 to $250,000, de- Commission on Real Estate Valuations has joined with pending upon the method to be used. Such methods may the Assessors in asking that such an appropriation, under be any one or combination of the following : such conditions, be made. (a) The engagement of a satisfactory professional ap- The Joint Commission has also learned that your Board praisal service by the Assessors. This service should be is considering making the appropriation in the sum of advisory to the Assessors and would sustain the same $250,000 in order to cover lands as well as buildings, under relation to the Assessors as any other employed service a comprehensive system, in order that equalized and uni- in the Assessor's office. form assessments on both lands and buildings may be (b) The engagement of specially qualified and trained obtained. service, in a supervisory manner, from existing muni- Insofar as this sum makes available an extra amount of cipalities which are now and have been for years using $50,000 to install and set up an adequate system covering this kind of system. lands, the Commission feels that your action is to be (c) The use of existing land value maps, such as the commended. Very significant and definite improvements 21 Olcott Blue Book, with revisions up to date, as may be can be obtained in assessment of land from such a sum, supplied by arrangement with the Cook County and Chi- under methods which have been outlined to the Assessors cago real estate boards . and which, we believe, if followed by the Assessors, would The use of any one or combination of the above meth- amply justify the expenditure of such sum for such spe- ods can only result in making available to the Assessors cific purpose. However, your attention is called to the far more adequate information than they have hereto- fact that with regard to any specialized work of the As- fore had available, in order to provide an equalized and sessors with respect to an equalized treatment on lands uniform assessment. Without the use of such informa- only, the sum of $50,000 will automatically eliminate the tion under a definite system, the Commission feels that most complete and adequate treatment on lands, such as the work of the Assessors with regard to land, in the has been used effectively and satisfactorily for many coming quadrennial, will largely follow the methods here- years in other large cities, and especially so in the begin- tofore used in previous quadrennials, which have not pro- ning year of the installation of the system. vided an adequate equalized assessment. With respect to lands, we have urged upon the Asses- We, therefore, call upon your Board to provide a ten- sors the importance and the practicability of requesting tative appropriation, as above requested, of not to exceed your Board for an appropriation, under satisfactory safe- $250,000, if the finances of your Board will permit, under guards, which would be ample to secure a real satisfac- such safeguards and provisions as to method to be agreed tory assessment on lands, leaving open for the time being upon, which will make possible the desired equalized the precise method to be followed and subject to agree- assessment on lands in the coming quadrennial, in view ment with the Assessors. (Continued on Page 57) 56 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25, 1927 Two Down- State Counties Petition Tax Commission Seek Equity in Hearings Before Illinois State Tax Commission Equalization in assessments is asked in re- Action by the two counties is of special in- quests filed by the tax committees of Stephen- terest in view of the similar requests made son County Farm Bureau and the Champaign by the Chicago Teachers' Federation in a let- County Farm Bureau in letters addressed to ter of October 5, 1927, addressed to the Tax the Illinois Tax Commission September 3, Commission asking for a hearing for the pur- 1927 . pose of bringing to the attention of the Com- The requests asked for a hearing before mission the "grossest kind of inequalities in the Tax Commission and in the presence of the assessments of real estate in the City of the Boards of Review of the two counties. Such Chicago . " hearings were held October 6th and 18th, and Following are the petitions of Stephenson the matter was taken under advisement. and Champaign Counties : September 3, 1927. Stephenson County Farm Bureau. Mr. William H. Malone, Chairman September 23, 1927. Illinois Tax Commission, Mr. William H. Malone, Chairman 11 So. La Salle Street, Illinois Tax Commission, Chicago, Ill. 11 So. La Salle Street, Dear Sir: Chicago, Ill. Recently the Stephenson County Farm Bureau Tax Committee presented to the Board of Review data show- Dear Sir: ing that very serious inequalities exist between farm The Tax Committee of the Champaign County Farm lands and town and city lots. Our report shows that in Bureau has presented to the Board of Review data order to put farm lands on the same average assess- showing that very serious inequalities exist between ment as the City of Freeport, it would be necessary to farm lands and town and city lots. Our report shows have an average cut of 24.70% in valuations; or to put that whereas farm lands in Champaign County have an town and city lots in the City of Freeport on the same average full valuation of 34.7 per cent of their sales average assessment as farm lands, it would be necessary value, both in the city of Champaign have an average to have an average increase of 32.94% in valuations. full valuation of 25.92 per cent of their sales values. Herewith we are enclosing analysis sheets for the as- Herewith we are enclosing analysis sheets for the as- sessments of real estate sold in Stephenson County be- sessments of real estate sold in Champaign County be- tween January 1, 1925, and April 1, 1927, as recorded at tween January 1 , 1926, and April 1, 1927, as recorded at the Court House. the Court House. The Board of Review, while admitting that the in- The Board of Review admitted that the situation was equality exists, refuses to take any action for three rea- very bad and should be remedied but took no action sons, namely: 1st, They haven't the time. 2nd, They toward bringing about equalization and have formally don't know how. 3rd, They have been advised not to do adjourned. Their excuse was that they did not have anything. time to make a complete reassessment this year but that We therefore request that you take immediate action it might be done next year. to bring about equalization, either by sending a repre- sentative from the Tax Commission to this county to We therefore request that you take immediate action investigate the situation, or by hearing our complaint to bring about equalization by hearing our complaint and requiring the presence of the Board of Review at and requiring the presence of the Board of Review at the hearing, before they adjourn. the hearing . Prompt action should be taken. Kindly wire, collect, Yours very respectfully, what action you will take. Yours very respectfully, R. W. Hinton, G. A. Mitchell, Chairman, Chairman, Tax Committee, Tax Committee, Stephenson County Farm Bureau. Champaign County Farm Bureau. Father Gets Cynical Yes, We Isn't "Pa, what's an adage ?" Old Gentleman : " My little man, you must "An adage, my son, is an epigrammatic not say, 'I ain't goin'.' You must say say, 'I sophistry composed for the purpose of pre- am not going,' 'he is not going,' ' we are not venting one from doing something he wants to going,' ' they are not going.' " do, or inducing him to do something he Tommy-"Ain't nobody goin' ?"-Tid-Bis , doesn't. "-Boston Transcript . London . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 57 October 25 , 1927 BOARDS FAIL TO USE MONEY improve them, they desire to take, in view of the straight- forward demand of the Commission for a business - like 0 (Continued from Page 55) of the fact that such assessment is now about to be made method to secure equalized treatment in pursuance of the statutes . and will endure for four years. The Commission believes that honorable body is en- Any materials or work which the Assessors have per- tirely sympathetic with the objectives for which you have formed up to date in connection with their work in the set up the Joint Commission on Real Estate Valuations. coming quadrennial will be availed of in connection with It further believes that the Board of Assessors can and any extension or development of their services under the ought to avail itself of the information and values which proposed plan, looking toward an equalized and uniform treatment. It is confidently believed that any expendi- the use of such an appropriation for land valuations ture which you may authorize, and which the Assessors would provide in order that equalized assessments on may make under a budget appropriation specifically set lands may be secured. up and specifically limited for the purposes intended, will The same argument calling for an equalized assessment be amply justified and will produce satisfactory results. on lands prevails as for an equalized assessment on build- ings, and in view of the request heretofore made by the The Commission is opposed to any requests for delay Assessors, in which we understand your Board concurs, in setting up the plan, and believes that responsibility for with respect to a specific and tentative appropriation to refusing to do so, on the ground that the appropriation has not been made for such improvements, must be car- cover building assessments, we respectfully urge that you set up in your budget a similar tentative appropriation as ried by the public officers concerned, and the Joint Com- mission will have no recourse other than to report the above requested, designed to secure an equalized assess- ment on lands. Respectfully submitted, facts as such to the community. In view of the deplor- 1 able, if not notorious, condition in which our taxation (Signed) G. O. Fairweather. 1 machinery has heretofore been placed, whatever the G. O. Fairweather, causes may be, we respectfully ask the public officers Vice- Chairman, Joint Commission on Real Estate concerned what share in the responsibility, for failing to Valuations. HISTORY OF TAX FIGHT MR . SMIETANKA : The situation could have been saved by calling upon any tax payer. (Continued from Page 54) Take forty per cent of that $16,000,000 and you have MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman, I am glad Mr. $6,000,000. You would have $6,000,000 annually to put Smietanka raised that point. That is what I told Mr. into the School Fund. You would not need to be crowd- Righeimer the day we had the conference, the 23rd of ing the children. January. I told Mr. Righeimer we did not want to in- I submit, Mr. Chairman, that it is time that we did terfere. If we went in and filed the petition that day, have this cooperation between the Board and the while Mr. Righeimer was withholding his judgment, wait- teachers, not against the children, but for the children, ing to consult members of the Board, if we filed a peti- and against the tax-dodgers and against this tax tion we would have been insulting the Board; we would ‫ـ‬ situation. have been working at cross purposes. There would have MR. SMIETANKA: I would like to ask Miss Haley, been no defense whatever for us to do such a thing as whether she really meant, you might have made the re- that. I had no way of knowing that Mr. Righeimer would mark in the enthusiasm of your argument, that the not give his signature before the end of the day. Why school teachers were not making good ? should I assume that they were not acting in good MISS HALEY : No, I did not. The school teachers faith ? Mr. Righeimer had all the time from the 26th can make good if they are allowed to go alone. They of December, the day of the hearing, until the 23rd 3 can make good; and they can make good in cooperation of January, to get the consent of this Board. He knew 1 with the Board of Education; but neither one of us Mr. Ashton wanted to file the petition. Why didn't he can make good if we attempt that kind of cooperation; find out in that 27 days? Why this delay? if we attempt to cooperate with you and you fall down. MR . SMIETANKA : Are you sure Mr. Ashton wanted If you stayed out of it, we might have done it our- selves, but you neither stayed out of it nor went into it. to file that petition ? MR. SMIETANKA : It might be interesting to you MISS HALEY : No; I don't know anything about 1 to have this information imparted, that the Board plans what Mr. Ashton wanted to do. All I know about what to establish a Tax Bureau. anybody wants to do is what he says. MISS HALEY: Yes, I heard you did. Mr. Chairman, *** I would like to say if your Tax Bureau does not do a great deal better than you did in this last effort, it will not get the confidence of the people. You will have SUBSCRIPTION a whole lot of work to establish that confidence, be- to cause there was a clean-cut case; all this Board had to do was to instruct Mr. Righeimer to proceed and file MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN that petition. All Mr. Righeimer had to do was to sign Name .. his name to it, and that petition was filed, that case Address . was in court. (Street and Number) MR . SMIETANKA : Well, couldn't you have signed City that petition? MISS HALEY: No, I am not considered a tax payer Subscription price $2.00 per year. for the purpose of bringing a tax payer's law suit. I MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite own no real estate and therefore I would not be per- 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 mitted to bring a tax payer's suit. N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. 58 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25, 1927 STATE CONTROL OVER ASSESSMENTS Biclusive ...but notExpensive ADiscount That the Chicago Teachers' Federation has followed of the "course of wisdom" in referring to the Illinois State Tax Commission "grossest inequalities" in the assess- ment of Cook County real estate, is evidenced by the following editorial from the News of October 8 1927: Murray-Black.Co. 21 N. Wabash Ave. Ground Floor 10% Allowed to School Teachers Between Madison and Washington It is notorious that for many years there CHICAGO'S have been gross inequalities in the assessment GREATEST Murray Black of real estate in Cook County and many other FUR Furs Are counties in Illinois. For years friends of jus- Guaranteed tice and reason in taxation have urged upon SALE boards of assessors and boards of review the MUSKRAT COATS- Silver and dark Skins trimmed with Fox collars Full duty and expediency of reforming their meth- length. Special HUDSON SEAL - Luxurious full $ 225 ods, but thus far with meager results. Per- length models . Skunk (Marten), haps the assessing and reviewing boards in Squirrel, Kolinsky and mink $275 trimmed. Special Illinois will exhibit deeper interest in the CARACUL COATS - In the new shades of Brown, Black and Gray , question of equal taxation if the state tax trimmed with Fox collar and cuffs. Full length. commission, following its own precedents, will Special at $150 JAP MINK - Beautifully trimmed establish the policy of ordering reassessments with Fox collars . of property upon complaint duly supported by For only $395 RACCOON COATS for the college evidence . girl. Flapper and Tomboy Raccoon Storage coats. Made to sell for $450. 42 inches long. Dark skins. Free For obvious and important reasons home Special at $ 265 Two rule in assessments is essential. The danger MARMINK COATS Beautifully Seasons finished, smart Mink appearance . of oppressive and arbitrary exercise of the Impressive examples of workman- ship. Specially priced power of taxation by state authorities is very this sale $ 175 real and very grave. Gov. Small, it will be Other Values Just As Great Buy with Confidence. Murray- Black A Small Deposit recalled, has sought to obtain legislation giv- Co. guarantees every garment to Holds give utmost satisfaction. Reliable Your Choice ing the state tax commission power to revise skins , highest grade of workmanship. See them and be convinced, even individual tax returns, but public opinion has vetoed the menacing proposals. Now too many instances of reassessment at the formal CREDIT UNION- GROUP INSURANCE dictation of the commission might lead to in- LUNCHEON jurious legislation. The members of the Chicago Teachers' Fed- The action of the state tax commission in eration who are interested in the Credit Union the cases of Champaign and Stephenson coun- and in group insurance will hear them dis- ties, where, according to the Illinois Agricul- tural Association, farm lands have been cussed at a luncheon to be held Saturday, No- vember 5, at 12:30 o'clock at the Y. M. C. A., flagrantly discriminated against in favor of 19 S. La Salle St. Plates will be one dollar. urban real estate, presages similar action in Your attendance at this luncheon will indi- Cook County, provided the Chicago Teachers' cate whether there is a sufficient demand for Association , represented by Miss Margaret group insurance to warrant further action in Haley, succeeds in producing sufficient evi- making this benefit available to the members dence of palpable inequalities in real estate assessments . of the Federation . Since the right of the commission to order Reservations may be made by telephoning reassessments is clear, the course of wisdom Central 3904 on or before Friday, November 4. for local assessors and boards of review is to F. Blanch Preble, obviate interference by rational reform in President Credit Union. methods which inevitably result in intolerable Margaret Powell, Secretary. and inexcusable inequalities . Editorial, Chicago Daily News, October 8, 1927. MORON WINS DISGUSTED Passerby-What's the trouble over there in "Pop, I'm quitting school tomorrow.” the schoolyard, son ? "Why, sonny, don't you like your teacher ? " Youngster - Aw, the doc has just been "Naw. Yesterday she told us that six and around examinin' us and one of the deficient six wuż twelve, and today she said it was nine boys is knockin' th' everlastin' stuffin's out of and three ." a kid that's perfect.-Boston Transcript. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 59 October 25, 1927 Maximum Vote Cast 1 in Pension Election ENRICI'S is famous no less 6 In the largest pension election ballot ever i k cast, more than 10,000 votes were received Fri- H for the enduring and deep day, October 7, when James A. Meade and friendships it has won than Miss Mary B. Livingston were elected to three for the quality of the foods year terms on the teachers' pension board. Election material was sent by the pension it serves and for the great office to 366 schools. Only one school failed volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- to return registration sheets and credentials. Two schools forgot the election ; one received day, before the matinee, it is the great no ballots and neglected to notify the pension central meeting place . office until it was too late to rectify the fail- ure of the post office ; and two schools deliv- ered their ballot boxes Saturday morning, Oc- tober 8th. By the time these two boxes were delivered the report of the canvass was in print and these ballots, of course, were not HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT counted. The other 360 judges of election de- livered their ballot boxes to the Canvassing Board the afternoon of the election . 67 W. Randolph St. The number of ballots cast was 10,070, the Between Dearborn and Clark Streets largest number of ballots ever cast at a Chi- cago Teachers' Pension election. There were 81 blank ballots and 72 mutilated ballots . No orchestral din Most of the mutilated ballots were so classi- fied because they contained votes for three persons ns instead of for two. Since it was im- possible for the Judiciary Committee to deter- Thos. E. McElroy Co. mine which two candidates the voters favored, STEVENS BLDG . these ballots could not be counted. James A. FINE FURS Meade of the Washburne Continuation School Remodeling-Storage- Repairing We Call for Storage received 9,130 votes, Miss Mary B. Livingston, STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 Principal of the Mann School, received 8,937, Arthur A. Woerner, teacher in the Senn High Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 3994 School , received 1,369 votes, and there were 9 GEORGE W. JOHNSON scattering votes. Miss Livingston and Mr. SHORTHAND REPORTER Meade were therefore elected for three-year 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago terms. SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS This year the members of the Canvassing Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation Board were permitted to leave school at noon. This enabled them to be ready to receive the ballot boxes when the first judges of election appeared, and to finish up the work of count- JOHN J. MORAN, INC. ing, canvassing, and recording the 10,070 bal- FASHIONABLE FURS lots in record time. Furs and Chokers for Fall . Call State 4177 . Will call for storage. STORAGE : REMODELING : REPAIRING 58 East Washington Street Triumphant Bookkeeping Visitor : "Isn't it difficult to keep your household budget straight ?" Variety Spice of Life Mrs. Newlywed : "My dear, it's terrible. New Bookkeeper : I've added those figures This month I've had to put in four mistakes to up 10 times, sir. make mine balance correctly ! "-The Passing Boss : Good . Show. Bookkeeper : And here are the 10 answers . 60 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN October, 25, 1927 Civic Opera " Mileage " Coupon Books combine Privilege, Convenience, Comfort and Economy and Exclusiveness First choice of seats for approximately 30 performances-every Saturday evening and Sunday afternoon, and all midweek matinee and Friday evening performances that are sung-coupons accepted by mail or personal presentation at box office for seats at any price one day prior to public sale. $72 in coupon for $68.50-$ 36 for $34.25 Civic Opera "Mileage” Coupon Book holders are given advance notice by mail each week of repertoire and casts. They may at their convenience order seats to be deliv- ered through the same medium or held subject to call at time of performance at a special box office window, or they may secure seats in person twenty- four hours before such seats go on sale. No standing in line-no crowding-no disappointments ! The greatest all- around bargain for the opera goer except Subscription, with the additional advantage of selecting the performances of your choice ! Civic Opera "Mileage” Coupon Books constitute an ideal gift, particularly for the ambitious student, the suburban friend and all who are unable to enjoy the advantages of subscription. On sale at Box Office or Subscription Department ( adjoining Wabash Avenue en- trance to Auditorium Theatre) . Mail orders , accompanied by check or Post Office order promptly filled. A postal or phone ( Harrison 1240) will bring a Service Representative to more fully explain. Do You Read The Bulletin? Do You Get The Bulletin? Can You Afford To Be Without It? Have You Paid For It? If Not- WILL YOU NOW ? Margaret Haley's Bulletin 127 N. Dearborn St. Subscription Price, $2.00 Central 3904 Make Checks Payable to Margaret Haley's Bulletin NO . V MargaretHaley's 4 BULLETIN 28 Chicago , Ill . November 30, 1927 The Public School Teacher Most of my children are aliens, Most of them shy and poor, With hearts that beat high with ambition And courage stout to endure. And someone must love these children, In circles far and wide ; Must give them the love of a woman, Not alien and not untried. For they must grow up to men's stature, In this country that needs their best; So, voices, I bid you be silent, My children will call me blest . Lulu L. Dickinson in "John o' Dreams." (Miss Dickinson, English teacher of Superior, Wis- consin, Central high school, was discharged for " unpro- fessional conduct' in criticising board policies to stu- dents.) 62 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1927 FREE LESSONS IN A SPECIAL OFFERING The late, famous " Crosley 6 tube Bandbox" operated from your light socket-single dial con- Pingo Plastic and trol-selective ; all contained in artistic, compact Furniture for Decoration console, enhancing the appearance of the sur- are now being given in our Studio by pro- roundings . Regular price, $178.00. We are offer- fessional teachers who will be of great as- ing a limited number for $129.50. All sets guar- sistance to you in making up the above anteed and serviced by us. novelties which are very decorative for the Home. AMERICAN RADIO SHOP FAVOR RUHL AND COMPANY Ravenswood 4741 1757 Sunnyside Ave. ARTISTS MATERIALS PICTURE FRAMING OPEN EVENINGS 425 S. Wabash Avenue Delicious Cooking FLOWERS Charming Surroundings Moderate Prices FOR ALL OCCASIONS Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. Luncheon .$0.60 Dinner 1.00 Sunday Dinner 1.25 VINCENT & MULLINS JULIA KING'S 2119 N. ROCKWELL ST . ARMITAGE Tea Room Corner Milwaukee Avenue 8023 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET Dresses A Holiday Suggestion For every Daytime , In selecting your Christmas gifts your small- Afternoon , and Formal est purchases are quite as important to you as occasion . Priced your large ones . In either case you want to get the most you can for what you wish to spend. The Harry J. Baby Company offers you this $25 opportunity by inviting you to do your Christ- mas shopping in our quiet upstairs store, where to our values assure you of a decided saving be- cause of our low rent and rapid turnover of stock. $95 You will find here an unusual assortment of gifts, of guaranteed quality at a wide range in price, which will be shown to you by thor- oughly competent people who are qualified to intelligently advise you and assist you in your Coats purchases. We invite you to call just as early as you Merchandise selected now will be held $75 to $250 can. until Christmas if you desire. For Dress, Travel, Sports highest qual- A varied and extensive assortment of ity fabrics, finest fur Bridge Prizes, 50 cents up, Costume trimmings. Jewelry, $ 1.50 ир Fur Coats HARRY J. BABY COMPANY $150 to $800 DIAMONDS, WATCHES, JEWELRY CLOCKS, STATIONERY, SILVERWARE 703 HEYWORTH BLDG. Johnson &Harwood 29 E. Madison Street, Corner Wabash Avenue CHICAGO 37 South Wabash Ave. Tel . Randolph 0218-0219 3d Floor, N. E. Corner Monroe Iz IS IN MARGARET HALEY'S ant cora BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 4 November 30, 1927 Page 63 COME Wherein We Utter a Complaint By ADA LOUISE WILCOX e Benton, Tenn. We who teach English in the high school bim and seraphim, continually do cry aloud- salute you who say what shall constitute Eng- cry that our high-school graduates can't spell , lish units . And may the Lord have mercy on can't punctuate, can't paragraph, can't con- our souls and on the souls of our pupils ! struct a logical English sentence-can't do es We know that the pattern cut for us is any of the things the course is supposed to perfect with notched edges for matching , teach them . PM ‫نا‬ with large perforations for laying on the Now, if their " previous condition of servi- LN straight of the goods , and with directions tude" has been eight years in a well-graded plainly printed. But when we try to make a city school and under competent teachers ; if garment by it, we are reminded of the con- they are American-born ; if they have come G tents of a certain missionary box sent by a from homes where correct English is the rule ; philanthropic Northern woman to a mountain if they have even a nodding acquaintance school for girls in Georgia . with current magazines and a daily paper ; Now, the usual missionary box is like Stev- if their heritage of ideas calls for a vocabulary enson's child world "full of a number of beyond that of a Choctaw or a Cherokee- things" of such varied use and uselessness if-if-if-as the German proverb runs, "If my that, should it go to the foreign field, we can aunt had been a man, she'd have been my ( readily answer the question of the Psalmist, uncle." "Why do the heathen rage ?" But if they come from a one-teacher school, T Not so this mountain box, for it contained or at best from a consolidated school where forty dresses, all cut from bolts of blue and teachers themselves frequently "pass " on ‫ا‬ white checked gingham, neat, but not gaudy , grammar ; if they have been reared with and all the same size, large and roomy. As murderers of the king's English and give it the forty girls were not all the same size, a fresh stab every time they open their own large and roomy, much refitting was neces- lips ; if they do not scrouge at "I taken" and sary. feel no tremor at "I would of went ; " are Like the gingham dresses, the high-school joyously glib with their " ain't got noes" and ‫أ‬ course is too large and requires too much "I seens " — alas, there is no “if” about these 1 taking in before it fits the average pupil. It pupils ! Like the poor, they are ever with us . seems planned, consciously or unconsciously, Why, then, waste time cutting down a pat- for the purpose of preparing students for col- tern so large that they are lost in it ? Why lege. Even the readings are headed, " College- not make one to fit them in the first place ? Entrance Requirements." We are a democ- For in spite of their crudities, they have little racy, but we thrust the majority of high- naked, shivering ideas that they long to clothe school students, who do not go to college, into in order that they may bring them unashamed an English course made only for an aristoc- into the light. They cry to us these Toms , racy . Regardless " of race, color, or previous Dicks, Harrys, these Susans, Anns, Janes , condition of servitude, " we make futile at- who come from the mountain, the mill, the tempts to fit onto normal red-blooded chil- cotton field: "We know what we want to say, dren, of various sizes, a uniform cap-and- but we don't know how to say it." And in- ■ gown course. And even when they do go to stead of helping them to say it on the spot college, our labor has apparently been un- we struggle to teach them how to say it when availing ; for college instructors, like cheru- (Continued on Page 73) 64 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1927 From the Masthead by The Lookout Why Do They Continue to Speak When They Know Not Whereof They Speak ? Echo Answers-Why ? To the Teachers of Chicago: Will the teachers be paid in scrip after January lowed the announcement by the State Tax first, 1928 ? Commission on October 19 that if the evidence Answer : No. presented to the Commission sustained the Will the Board of Education have cash to pay charges of gross inequalities made by the the teachers' salaries for the months of Decem- teachers, the Commission would treat Chicago ber, 1927, and January, 1928, and thereafter ? as it has treated other parts of the State under Answer : Yes. similar circumstances , that is, order a re-as- Will the reassessment of real estate in Chicago, sessment of the real estate. if ordered by the State Tax Commission, delay the Why should Mrs. Hefferan talk about a payment of teachers' salaries for the months of tax rate increase before the assessors had an- January and February and thereafter? nounced their reassessment of real estate in Answer : No. Chicago for the quadrennial year 1927 ? An alarm was sounded in the newspapers of Why did Mrs. Hefferan not wait until No- November 8 , 1927, warning the teachers to ex- vember 24 when public announcement was pect to be paid in scrip after January 1st. made that the assessors had added $ 800,000,- Under the scarehead, "Warns Teachers to Ex- 000 to the full assessed full valuation of real pect Scrip Pay After January First-Trustee estate in Chicago ? Says Funds are Almost Gone," the Tribune Surely Mrs. Hefferan knows that this $ 800,- that morning told the teachers that "Mrs. 000,000 increase in full assessed value for W. S. Hefferan, Trustee, yesterday declared 1927 increases the 1927 tax levy for the Edu- that after January 1, teachers might be paid cational Fund $7,360,000 and therefore the in scrip." borrowing power for 1927 is increased $ 5,760,- This is the first issue of the Bulletin since 000 ; that this increase in the borrowing power this false alarm was sounded. is more than sufficient to take care of the The Herald-Examiner on November 9 said salaries of the teachers in January until the that Mrs. Hefferan hinted at an increase in tax levy ordinance of 1928 is passed by the the tax rate to take care of school expendi- Council when the borrowing power against tures . This was on the eve of the hearing of the 1928 tax levy for the educational fund will November 10 before the State Tax Commission begin; that the Board should have $30,000,- on the complaint filed on October 8 by the 000 of borrowing power against the educa- teachers against the Board of Review and the tional fund tax levy of 1928 . Board of Assessors charging gross inequalities How does Mrs. Hefferan reconcile her in the assessment of real estate, failure to statement on the 26th of March, 1927, in print the real estate assessment lists and fail- favor of an increase in teachers' salaries and ure to publish rules of procedure as required the statement on November 9, 1927, that the by law. teachers will have to be paid in scrip in This reference to a tax rate increase fol- January, 1928. If the salary increase that November 30, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 65 the Board attempted to put over on March 25 levy ordinance before the date of the first had been put over the Board would be pay- teachers' pay day in January, 1927. This ( ing the teachers in scrip now. notice of August 23, was the first notice that How did Mrs. Hefferan expect to pay this I had, that that could not be done. The up- increase in salaries ? shot was that I was to get an opinion from These are questions that the teachers of Mr. Greenacre which everybody present was this city have a right to ask, and some one willing to accept as final . with authority and responsibility should Before leaving the Mayor's office Mr. Elli- answer . cott asked that nothing that happened in that On what theory did Mrs. Hefferan say that conference should be printed in my Bulletin . salaries could not be paid in cash in Janu- I informed the conference that I was the ary ? judge of what would go into that Bulletin ; Does Mrs. Hefferan know that the City that it was my Bulletin ; that its purpose was Council can pass a legal tax levy ordinance to furnish information to the teachers ; that before the first pay day for teachers on Janu- the Bulletin was put in my name so that ary 20 ? Mrs. Hefferan must have assumed some one who was free to state the facts might that the City Council either would not or do so. I then said that if an agreement could could not . be reached, as to the condition of the educa- I have checked up in the City Treasurer's tional fund, before the first issue of my Bulle- office and I find that cash is available from tin in September I would print the agreed S the banks for the December pay rolls on tax statement as to the finances. If no agreement anticipation warrants against the 1927 tax was reached I said I would print the facts as levy. I have the acknowledgment of the office shown by the official records in the office of of the City Treasurer that the increase in the the City Treasurer, the City Comptroller and full assessed value as indicated here , $ 800 ,- other official records . S 000,000 full value, ( $ 400,000,000 assessed I received Mr. Greenacre's opinion Septem- value ) will increase the borrowing power in ber 3, 1926. The Mayor was out of the city ; the educational fund for the year 1927, $ 5,600,- so was President Ellicott. On September 2 000. a communication was sent to the City Council In support of the statement that the City declaring the educational fund was in a state Council can pass a tax levy ordinance as early of bankruptcy and urging the City Council and as the 15th of January, 1928, I submit here the Mayor to have a tax rate increase sub- the opinion of Mr. I. T. Greenacre under date mitted to the people at the November election . of September 3, 1926 . A copy of this communication was sent to Mr. Greenacre's opinion was rendered in the Mayor , to the City Clerk and to every Al- response to a request by me on August 23 , derman. On September 11 , I transmitted Mr. 1926. On that day I was called into a con- Greenacre's opinion to Mayor Dever, together + ference in the office of Mayor Dever at which with the communication printed in this issue 1 President Ellicott was present. of the Bulletin. On September 15 the Chi- Mr. Ellicott admitted that there would be cago Teachers ' Federation sent a communica- $3,000,000 of borrowing power in the Education to the City Council showing that instead tional fund carried over to January, 1927, but of facing bankruptcy there would be a $ 4,500,- he then made the astounding statement that 000 surplus in the educational fund on the that would not be sufficient to carry the Board first of January 1927. The communication re- 1 through the month of January and pay the ferred to above saying that the educational teachers ' salaries because the attorney for the fund was in a state of bankruptcy also went Board of Education, Mr. Righeimer, had ad- in to the City Council on September 15. Both vised him that the City Council could not pass communications were referred to the Schools a legal tax levy ordinance in 1927 until the as- Committee of the Council for investigation . sessed valuation of property for the year 1926 On September 17, the first issue of the Bul- was made known . letin appeared and all the facts concerning At the meeting of the City Council Commit- the condition of the educational fund, includ- tee on Schools, on February 18, 1926, an agree- ing the correspondence between the Mayor ment was entered into between the Board of and myself, on the subject, were printed in Education representatives, of whom there that Bulletin. It showed an estimated $ 4,500,- were seven present, and the Council Com-' 000 surplus in January, 1927, and the official mittee, that the Council could pass its tax documents supporting that statement regard 66 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1927 ing that surplus were printed in that Bulletin. the year 1927 may be ordered by the State On October 5, the newspapers reported that Tax Commission, which would undoubtedly President Ellicott had that day sent a com- delay the announcement of the 1927 full as- munication to the Mayor, declaring that my sessment as finally determined by the Board estimated surplus was $ 5,000,000 too high . I of Review, this is the time to have it clearly have never seen that letter. understood that it will make no difference The City Council on September 15 adjourned when that assessment is made known, so far until after the November election. I urged as the educational fund is concerned . on the members of the Schools Committee of The tax levy ordinance for 1927 was levied the City Council that they hold an early meet- on the 1927 assessed valuation. Until that ing and take up this matter. The meeting assessed valuation is ascertained the taxes was called and held on October 22. As I levied in 1927, collectible in 1928 , cannot be rose to speak in that meeting a messenger collected. If that collection is delayed that notified me that a member of the Board of will not in any way interfere with the schools Education wished to speak to me on the because the schools do not get any of the taxes phone. I replied that I would speak to him collected in 1928 until the tax anticipation after the meeting as I could not leave at that warrants against those taxes are all paid off, moment . which will be 75 per cent of the entire amount At that meeting on October 22, the City collected. Treasurer, Mr. Cervenka, and his first assist- But the Board of Education will have in ant, Mr. Keefe, also Mr. Foote from the City 1928 the cash that it gets from the banks on Comptroller's office, were present and verified the tax anticipation warrants issued against my estimate of $ 4,500,000 in the educational the 1928 tax levy to be collected in 1929 . fund on January 1 , 1927. Mr. Leon Horn- It makes no difference to the banks whether stein, Assistant Corporation Counsel, was the taxes are delayed in payment. They get present and sustained Mr. Greenacre's opinion their interest on their warrants until they are that the City Council could pass a legal tax taken up . In 1926 the collection of taxes was levy in January, 1927, without waiting till the delayed three months. There wasn't a tax bill assessed valuation of property for 1926 was sent out until after the first of April. That made known. did not worry the banks. They knew when- I did not know until after that meeting on ever it was collected they would get it. So Friday morning, October 22, 1926, that when no one needs to worry. Then why should I failed to answer the phone call at the open- these alarms be sent out ? ing of the meeting, the Board member who I would have been glad to have printed called me then called an alderman to the phone Mr. Greenacre's opinion a year ago and cleared and asked him to tell me to go easy on Mr. up that question at that time if I could have Ellicott, that he had gone to the hospital that done so . I would not print it now if those who day to undergo an operation . On Tuesday should be informed before they speak had not morning , October 26 , Col. Ellicott died. undertaken to advise and misinform the teach- The investigation went on until December ers without the necessary information- and the advertised $3,500,000 deficit-to-be on arousing the same alarm and uncertainty January 1 , 1927, turned out to be a $ 5,200,000 that filled the atmosphere a year ago this De- surplus . That was in 1926 . cember. I regret going over these details of the ex- It surely is time that some one in authority perience of 1926 in regard to the condition of in this city would investigate to ascertain defi- the Education Fund . I have done this to settle nitely what the condition of the finances of for all time this question of the right of the the Board of Education is so that these con- City Council to pass its tax levy ordinance in flicting, confusing statements issuing from any year without waiting until the assessed official sources, that ought to be informed and value of the preceding year has been made appear never to be informed, may some time known. cease . I am also printing in this issue of the Bul- Why do they continue to speak when they letin a portion of a letter that I wrote on know not whereof they speak ? And Echo September 7, 1926, which shows that the his- answers ; Why ? tory of 1926 is now repeating itself. Because a reassessment of real estate for Margaret A. Haley November 30, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 67 by d 195 Taking Time by the Forelock September 1926 Letter to Mayor Points Way Out arei 10 Below is a letter of September 11, 1926, ad- January or February, 1928, between the date dressed to Mayor Dever. It shows that there is on which the borrowing power against the no reason now for any one reporting that the 1927 tax levy becomes exhausted and the date in Board of Education will be without money in on which the borrowing power against the the educational fund to meet the January, 1928 tax levy will begin . di 1928, payrolls, should there be an interim in dels September 11, 1926. and tax collecting officers and bodies , and advised me う Hon. Wm. E. Dever , to take no such responsibility. Mayor City of Chicago, Mr. Greenacre's opinion makes it clear that even with 5901 Kenmore Avenue, the former limitation in the law, namely, that the tax Chicago . levying bodies should not levy more than the legal rate all Dear Mayor Dever : on the equalized, assessed value of the preceding year, After the conference in your office on August 23, 1 these levying bodies might pass their levy ordinance submitted to Mr. I. T. Greenacre the question in regard before the equalized, assessed value of the preceding to the tax levy which the President of the Board of year was made known, and there would be ample time Education, Mr. Ellicott, told you the attorney for the after that value was made known and before the levy Board of Education, Mr. Righeimer, had raised. Here- had to be certified to the County Clerk in September to with is Mr. Greenacre's opinion thereon. amend the ordinance so as to eliminate any accidental I am enclosing you the distribution sheet which I re- excess over the statute . ceived a few days ago in the City Treasurer's office The very fact that these bodies levy now on the assess- showing the pro rata distribution made by the City ment of the current year and that they cannot know the Treasurer of the City and School taxes levied in 1925, amount of that assessment before the time of filing copy collectible in 1926. This sheet shows that the tax levy of their levy ordinance with the County Clerk in Sep- passed by the City Council in 1925 was levied and spread tember, makes it clear that they are levying the tax on on the 1925 assessed valuation of property in Chicago, an assessment which they must estimate in advance. Mr. namely, $1,873,921,764. Greenacre has gone over this matter very fully with me Mr. Greenacre informs me that from 1874 to 1917 ( or and has looked into not only the law but the established thereabouts) the law limited the tax levying bodies by procedure under the last and present law. the provision that they should not levy more than the The first part of Mr. Greenacre's opinion makes it legal rate on the equalized, assessed valuation of the perfectly clear that there is no reason why the Board preceding year. He informs me that about 1917 the of Education need be without money in the educational law was changed to read that these tax levying bodies fund to meet the pay rolls or any other needed expenses , shall not levy more than the legal rate on the equalized, should there, for any reason, be an interim in January assessed valuation. He says that the words " of the pre- or February, 1927, between the date on which the last Iceding year " were omitted from the law by the legis tax anticipation warrants against the 1926 tax levy be- lature in that year. came exhausted and the date on which the borrowing Mr. Greenacre tells me that the tax levying, tax power against the 1927 tax levy begins. Mr. Greenacre spreading and tax collecting officials and bodies construe has pointed out very clearly how the City took care of that law, as amended, in the way it is shown to be con- the City's needs last year and the needs of the Board strued on the distribution sheet of the City Treasurer : of Education and the City for 1921 when the Council ✔ that is they levy, spread and collect the legal rate on the delayed passing its tax levy ordinance till July. equalized, assessed valuation of the current year instead The similarity of the conditions in 1921 and 1927 is of the preceding year. Mr. Greenacre has explained worthy of attention. The City Council delayed until that the urgent needs of the municipalities demanded this July the adoption of its 1921 tax levy ordinance in order change in the law and its construction in order that they that the schools and the city might take advantage of might get the additional revenue to be obtained by antici- increased rates provided in the bill then pending in the ✓ pating the increased assessment of property for the cur- legislature and which became a law in July, 1921 . rent year. This they now get by basing their tax levies The program of the City Council and the Board of on that anticipated increased assessment instead of being Education to secure increased revenue for the schools limited by the assessment of the preceding year. and the city by means of more equitable assessment of I stated in your office on August 23 that I was sure property in 1926 (and thereafter) may result in delay in ✓ this was the procedure the tax levying, tax spreading making known the 1926 assessment. Should the City and tax collecting bodies were following. I was aston- Council choose to follow Mr. Righeimer's opinion and ished at the challenge to this established procedure im- delay the passage of its tax levy ordinance in 1927, Mr. plied in the alleged opinion of Mr. Righeimer. Greenacre makes it clear that the City Council can take Mr. Greenacre says that he considers raising this ques- care of the schools and the city in this interim as it did tion which Mr. Righeimer is said to have raised, a very in 1921 . serious matter. Mr. Greenacre refused to take any re- I am also enclosing copy of the letter read at the con- sponsibility for calling into question the established pro- ference in your office on August 23, from the Superin- cedure of the City and County tax levying, tax spreading tendent of Schools, which the Assistant Superintendents 68 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1927 on August 13 transmitted to their subordinates. This the latter part of January and in February, 1927, to run letter gives notice of the drastic cuts which the letter the schools on their present basis. The funds are suffi- states are necessary to be made immediately because of cient until then, and may thereafter be provided from the threatened shortage in the educational fund. I re- the tax appropriation and levy then made and antici- gret to say that these cuts seriously affecting the interest pation warrants against it. and welfare of the children and seriously disturbing the Such situations have arisen before and been met with- morale of the schools have already been ordered and put out increasing the tax rate. Why not follow the former into effect. precedents hereinafter indicated especially in view of the The meeting of the members of the Board of Education impending re - adjustment of assessments which may well referred to in this letter, which was a secret one, took increase the revenue by raising the under -assessed with- place on a date not known to me . Yesterday a second out increasing the assessments of those now sufficiently meeting was held to order other drastic cuts, and they assessed. were ordered. Some who were present and who were February 25, 1921 , the City Council (see page 1899) ordered yesterday to make these cuts know, and they on request of the Board of Education made February have said they know, that these cuts are wholly un- 9, 1921 , passed an ordinance authorizing and directing necessary . the borrowing on "Certificates of Indebtedness," of They know , and they have said, that these cuts are $6,000,000 for the educational fund by the Schools from being ordered for the sole purpose of creating sentiment the City Treasurer from any available fund in his cus- against the City Council's program of equitable assess- tody prior to the passage of the appropriation bill for ment and to force the tax rate increase. When I say that current year, to be redeemed with interest by that these people know this and have said they know anticipation warrants against the tax levy for that cur- this, I am saying something of which I have definite, rent year. positive knowledge. And I know, too, that the feeling Again October 28, 1925 ( see pages 1416-1417), an is very bitter and resentful among those who are ordered ordinance similar in principle directed the City Treas- and directed to strike these blows at the children and urer "from funds which are not immediately needed for teachers and at the schools of this city. It is a shame the uses and purposes for which such funds are so held" and a crime that such a program is being carried out to loan the City for the pay rolls of the Police, Fire and when there is no necessity for it. Health departments, $5,000,000 to be re-paid from tax It would be a great relief to the teachers, the parents anticipation warrants . and the children to know that the City Council has the A tax levy has to be based on a prior appropriation power to provide the necessary revenue to keep the bill. An appropriation bill for 1927 may be passed before schools running on the present basis and that the Council the assessment for 1926 is made known, and be good to is willing to, and intends to, exercise that power. the extent that it does not appropriate as to be paid Such knowledge would also make it impossible to from the proposed tax levy an amount in excess of the accuse the members of the City Council, and others who Statutory limit as the same subsequently appears to be are earnestly pushing the equitable assessment program , when the assessment is made known. This situation is of being responsible for the present destructive program met (as in last appropriation bill) by the words " or so of curtailing vital school opportunities of the children. much thereof as may be authorized by law." The tax levy ordinance may levy a specific amount (on the best Yours sincerely, information at hand) and subsequently before a copy of Margaret A. Haley . it needs to be filed in September with the County Clerk can be amended so as to eliminate any accidental excess over the Statute. The amount of the equalized assessed valuation is made legally certain by the certificate of OPINION OF I. T. GREENACRE the Tax commission months before the time to file the (Referred to Above) copy of the tax levy ( or of the same as amended) expires . Below is printed an opinion of Attorney I. T. ( Signed) I. T. Greenacre. Greenacre. Brought up to date, it shows that September 3, 1926. the City Council can pass its tax levy or- dinance as early as January 16 in 1928. Then on that same day the Board of Education may HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF begin to borrow against the 1928 tax levy of the educational fund to pay the January sal- The statement printed below is from a let- aries . ter written by Margaret Haley on September First payment of teachers' salaries in the 7, 1926, in regard to the above opinion of Mr. Greenacre and its effect on the situation at new year will not occur until January 20. The opinion decries the statement that it will be that time. This letter throws light on a bit necessary to resort to scrip in order to meet of history now repeating itself in Chicago. the January payroll or that it will be neces- **** Mr. Greenacre's opinion is on the legal sary to cut salaries . question raised by Mr. Righeimer as reported by Mr. Ellicott in the conference in the Mayor's office on I have considered various questions submitted the August 23rd. Mr. Ellicott told the Mayor that Mr. answers to which taken as a whole involve whether and Righeimer had advised him that the City Council could how (without an increase of the tax rate being voted not pass a legal tax levy ordinance in 1927 until the at the fall election) enough money may be on hand in 1926 assessment was made known. November 30, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 69 Ever since August 23 I have been digging into public absurd oral statements for which they take no responsi- records and getting information from the staff in the bility. I know that I must get both the law and the offices of the City Treasurer, City Clerk and County facts and must prove everything that I say. Mr. Green- Clerk and consulting between times with Mr. Greenacre . acre must prove anything that he says that may be con- I cannot but wonder whether Mr. Righeimer would be trary to an alleged statement of the Attorney of the willing to put his signature to the opinion that he Board of Education . Therefore I have been working appears to have communicated orally to Mr. Ellicott and since August 23rd to stop that damnable letter of August which Mr. Ellicott presented to the Mayor on August 13 of McAndrew from going out to all the schools on 23rd. opening day that was intended to hit and would hit hundreds of thousands of school children of this city. At the same time I have had the stupendous task of Mr. Righeimer appears not to have taken the responsi- finding out from official documents or from unwilling bility of making any statement over his signature as to officials on what year's valuation ( whether the pre- the facts as they exist in regard to the procedure fol- ceding or the current year) the taxes are levied and lowed by the tax- levying, tax -spreading and tax- collect- collected . ing officials and bodies based on their interpretation of the law. If Mr. Righeimer did make such a statement of facts or give an opinion over his signature Mr. Ellicott The fact of the matter is, they seem to be willing did not present such an opinion or statement of facts . to sacrifice this school system and the City and County if necessary to sustain their untenable position. Why ? It is my opinion that the way to meet this thing is to Mr. Greenacre states positively that he would not take the responsibility of going any further than he did go straight to the Mayor as quickly as can and tell him the facts . I think Mr. Ellicott should be there . The nor being any more definite than he was in his opinion 16 Board of Education meets Wednesday. I am ready now . nor would I if I were in his place. The Mayor should I am glad there is a Democratic Mayor who either ‫نا‬ know the facts, certainly County Clerk Sweitzer knows had to veto or fail to veto the tax levy ordinances for the facts ; County Treasurer Carr knows the facts ; the three years ; a Democratic-bossed council passing the City Treasurer knows the facts; why "pass the buck" ole tax levying ordinances ; a Democratic County Clerk who to me to pass to Mr. Greenacre to challenge the pro- ‫لا‬ cedure in these offices as shown by the facts and to has been spreading taxes ; a Democratic County Treas- urer collecting the taxes ; and a Democratic City Treas- declare this procedure unlawful ? That is what the urer distributing the taxes to the various departments reported opinion of Mr. Righeimer means .. By the way, of the City of Chicago. I am very glad that I have the I was informed yesterday that Mr. Righeimer had just cv.conce in my possession as to how these agencies returned from an extended trip in Europe. I wonder construed and interpreted the law from start to finish. ‫يرا‬ when he gave that opinion. Has it been in cold storage ? When I was in the Mayor's office on August 23rd I Now if the Democratic Mayor wants to permit his stated that I knew the procedure in regard to levying Board of Education to upset the whole tax -levying, tax- and collecting taxes and I was so sure of my position spreading and tax- collecting machinery of the City and that I stated it with emphasis . What I then said that County on a reported curbstone opinion of a holdover the officials do I have since investigated thoroughly and Thompson Republican attorney for the Democratic find it IS what they do. The tax levy for the year 1925 Board of Education let anyone who will say to him, was levied on the 1925 assessed valuation and is now "Go it, Sal , and I'll hold your bonnet." But I want it being collected on that valuation. It was not levied on perfectly clear, and it is a matter of record, that neither the 1924 valuation as the alleged Righeimer opinion you nor I started this latest Chicago fire. Mr. Righeimer, Mr. Ellicott or the Mayor will have to accept the implied. responsibility for playing the role of Mrs. O'Leary's cow. Mr. Greenacre tells me that from 1874 to 1917 the law limited the tax-levying bodies by the provision that I want an opportunity to say to the Mayor and to they should not levy more than the legal rate on the Mr. Ellicott that I will take no responsibiltiy for any equalized assessed valuation of the preceding year. He public discussion of the established procedure in the tells me that in 1917 the law was changed to read that matter of levying, spreading and collecting taxes . The these tax -levying bodies shall not levy more than the method of assessment of property is not involved in this legal rate on the equalized, assessed valuation. The controversy. I wonder if it is because we are beginning words " of the preceding year" were omitted from the to get indications of results in our campaign for more law by the legislature. equitable assessments that the opposition to the equit- able assessment program is now ready to attack the pro- cedure in regard to levying, spreading and collecting Mr. Greenacre tells me that in order to run the public taxes in order to hit that program ? business it is absolutely necessary that the tax-levying, tax- spreading and tax-collecting officials and bodies shall construe, and that they have construed, that law to mean The anxiety that Mr. Ellicott showed at the conference that they shall levy the legal rate on the equalized on August 23rd, to have it understood that I should not 1 assessed valuation of the current year instead of the print in the Bulletin anything that was said in that con- preceding year. Mr. Greenacre tells me they have done ference might indicate that he appreciated the serious- 1 this for years . I find on investigation that is true . ness of raising the issues raised in that opinion which he told the Mayor Mr. Righeimer gave him. But I I fully appreciate that it is the privilege of the attorney cannot believe Mr. Ellicott understood all that was and of the president of the Board of Education to make implied in his statement to the Mayor. 70 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1927 Hang Together or We Must All Hang (Photographic Reproduction) JAMES FLYNN, WM . MASELTER, President and Bus Rep. Financial Secretary EDWARD J. HUGHES , On this and the opposite page are printed Corresponding Secretary photographic reproductions of two pages of a Affiliated with the American Federation of Labor 4 page leaflet sent to members of the Office Em- ployes' Association by its executive Board. The leaflet announces an increase in dues. Office Employes' Association No. 12755 ROOM 701 , 166 WEST WASHINGTON STREET PHONE DEARBORN 3432 The Clerks in the schools have an 114 organization to which every clerk must belong. On the first of November the CHICAGO dues in the Clerks' organization were Meets Second and Fourth Thursdays at 166 W. Washington St. raised from One Dollar a month to Two Dollars a month from $ 12 a Dear Member :- year to $24 a year. This with a $5 At the meeting of November 10, 1927, after much discus- initiation fee makes the Clerks ' total sion the motion to increase the dues to $2.00 per month was passed unanimously in accordance with the constitution and dues $29 the first year out of a salary by -laws-article XI, Section 2 (A) . of $1,500. The following reasons for said action were given : The teachers pay the lowest dues of That our organization has the lowest dues of any organ- any organized group of city employes. ized group of City Employes. That we now give a service to If the teachers paid yearly dues in the our membership second to none, maintaining an office, a clerk and a Business Representative. same proportion to their salaries as Thanks to our many friends in the Labor Movement we are the clerks in the schools are now pay- being recognized as a real organization and to retain this ing, the elementary teachers at the recognition, we must do our part in supporting the things maximum salary would pay annual that labor is interested in, such as the radio station, W. C. F. L., and other activities which we have been unable to do in dues of $40. the past, that will benefit all office workers. Clerks found they could not continue We cannot do this on one dollar a month dues as we pay almost 40c in per capita tax to the three federations of labor, their work on dues of One Dollar a A. F. of L. , I. F. of L. and C. F. of L. The rent, clerical month. Neither can the teachers con- hire, office expense and organizing expense takes more than tinue their work on their meagre dues . what is left. See your steward or call at this office for item- ized statement of expenses, also for statement of benefits at- Through the efforts of the Chicago tained through this organization during the past 10 years. Teachers' Federation, the elementary The dues we have paid in this organization has paid its teachers of Chicago have had their membership as no other organization would pay us in return maximum salaries increased $ 1,000 in salary increases alone. We would have to pay almost $50.00 per year for an endowment policy and wait 20 years since January 1 , 1919 . to receive $1000.00. This for the material benefit, and to those who take pride and glory in doing good in bettering The Chicago Teachers' Federation the condition of their fellow worker it has paid a priceless made a terrific struggle to get the benefit in a satisfied mind, contentment that they are doing their part to benefit humanity. revenue for these increases . Then the Federation had to make almost as We now have the pleasure of seeing the employes seeking clerical titles and willing to get back in the clerical grades great a struggle to get the Board to which proves our salaries and promotional opportunities are pay the increases. Now the struggle is becoming desirable again thanks to your organization. on to get the revenue to keep these To those who might say we would have received some of hard -won increases . these increases or opportunities for promotion through sym- pathy or other reasons we point to the fact that during the World War, though all other groups were increased and the banks and business houses had raised their employes and were giving them bonuses as well, no increases were given our group though more than half of the clerks employed in the City Service were working nights at the Post Office to make November 30, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 71 + Separately Benjamin Franklin Clerks Pay $29.00 Dues-Federation Members-$5.00 (Photographic Reproduction) dual positions. However, the Sub-Committee thanks the Civil Service Commission for having given the committee an opportunity to study the Proposed Reclassification Scheme before any official action was taken thereon. The Sub -Committee consisted of : Chairman-James Flynn, President, Office Employes Association Edward J. Hughes, Pr. Clerk, Bd. of Examining Engineers Agnes Walsh, Sr. Bookkeeper, Gas and Electrical E John Kleine, Chief Clerk, Public Works John Canavan, Head Clerk, Board of Edu. Ex-Officio Members of the Sub-Committee : E. J. Padden, Chief Clerk, City Clerks Office Chairman, Clerks Personnel Committee : 4 M. J. Sullivan, Pr. Clerk, Board of Edu., Secretary, Clerks Personnel Committee Now that we are participating more fully than ever be- fore in the affairs that are vital to us, we are benefiting in a manner that predicts well for the future, we point with pride to the regrading committee of 1927 on which our rep- resentative was appointed and never in the history of the service was there such an equitable adjustment of positions The Chicago Teachers' Federation in the various departments when 130 positions were graded re-echoes this sentiment expressed by upward to the satisfaction of the Department heads and those who placed him on the committee. the clerks' organization : We are sure that those of you who have kept up our or- "We are sure that those of you who ganization in its darkest days, will appreciate the necessity have kept up our organization in its of making ourselves financially strong and those who were glad that this organization was on the job and showed your darkest days will appreciate the neces- appreciation by joining us will realize the importance of our sity of making ourselves financially being able to meet our obligations. strong, and those who were glad that We have in the clerical group those whose hearts beat as loyal and true to Unionsim as there are in any group. They this organization was on the job and are not influenced by what others do, they have told us time showed your appreciation by joining and time again that if there was only one in the union they us will realize the importance of our would be that one. With these for a foundation there is no question but this organization will succeed. We have been being able to meet our obligations." fairly successful in placing many of our members in positions and hope to carry on this employment proposition on a larger The Chicago Teachers' Federation scale. is engaged in the greatest civic service With a 100 % organization on a sound financial basis, ever ever undertaken by any organization ready to support our friends and battle our enemies, we will bę sure to get proper consideration and appreciation of our of teachers, namely: to straighten out request and to benefit more fully all employed in the cleri- the crookedness in the assessment of cal service. real estate in Chicago by securing an We hope the coming year will be good to us all, ever ready equitable, uniform assessment, and and on the job to get results, we are with best wishes, Fraternally yours, through such an assessment to get the Executive Board revenue to support the schools ade- James Flynn, Chairman quately and thus do justice to the Reuben Trimmer children, the teachers, the parents and Ed. J. Hughes Wm. Maselter other tax payers, in fact, to the entire Marie Erhardt community. Chas . W. Rockhold Benjamin Franklin's advice was M. J. Garrity never more timely than now : John J. Canavan Michael J. Sullivan "We must all hang together or we Patrick J. Carolan shall all hang separately." Chicago, November, 1927 . 72 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1927 How would you like Stop to Shop Your Felt Hats DO YOU WANT A TASTY BITE ? Reblocked Henrici-71 W. Randolph Street into up- to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- Julia King-122 N. Dearborn Street servative styles. Small or extremely large JUST THE RIGHT JEWELRY headsizes . We have them. We are manu- Harry J. Baby, 703 Heyworth Building facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- ing Department has access to the best FOR YOUR COSTUME shapes. A trial will convince you of our Murray - Black, 21 N. Wabash Avenue efficient service . J. Greenberg, 17 N. State Street Johnson - Harwood-37 S. Wabash Avenue Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. DECORATE FOR CHRISTMAS 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. Favor -Ruhl & Co. - 425 S. Wabash Avenue HOW ABOUT RENEWING THAT OLD HAT ? Chicago Hat Manufacturing and Bleaching - 12 Ν. Michigan Avenue JOHN J. MORAN, INC. FASHIONABLE FURS TEACHERS LIKE THEM Furs and Chokers for Fall. Call State 4177 . South End Auto Sales Co.- 110th St. at Michigan Will call for storage. FOR THE WINTER- RADIO STORAGE : REMODELING : REPAIRING American Radio Shop, 1757 Sunnyside Avenue 58 East Washington Street FITTING FOR YOUR FEET Red Cross Shoes, 53 W. Madison Street Phone Dearborn 4892 "SAY IT WITH FLOWERS " “ EUGENIE ” Dagbert, Fleming and Shewbrook-3211 W. Madison FRENCH MODISTE Vincent and Mullins, 2119 N. Rockwell Street 15 E. Washington St. WHAT SCHOOL ? Room 218 Chicago , III. Pestalozzi - Froebel, Box H, 616 S. Michigan Avenue GOWNS, BLOUSES and REMODELING HAVE YOU FURS ? S. Greenspan, 1135 E. 63rd Street FEDERATION TO MEET SATURDAY John J. Moran, 58 E. Washington Street Thos . McElroy, 17 N. State Street The next regular meeting of the Chicago F. Ranke-Room 309, Capitol Bldg. Teachers ' Federation will be held Saturday, THAT WELL - GROOMED LOOK December 10, in Corinthian hall, Capitol Hoefer, Beauty Parlor, 213 McJunkin Bldg . building. The meeting will start at 10:30 ACCURACY IN REPORTING o'clock and close at 12 o'clock. Reports will Edna Herron, Public Stenographer, 127 N. Dearborn George Johnson, Shorthand Reporter, 1105 Ashland be made on the complaint filed by the Federa- Block tion before the State Tax Commission against FOR YOUR FIGURE assessment of Chicago real estate : Elizabeth N. Eichorn, Corsetiere-72 E. Madison St. a. As to effect on payment of teachers' HAVE A HAT salaries during a reassessment if ordered. Goldfarb, Milliner, 1425 Stevens Building b. As to increase in revenue to be obtained ARE YOU TIRED ? through program for equalization of assess- Vimedia, 1421 Capitol Building ment. TRAVELING ? Chicago & Alton Railroad A Girl's Essay on Boys Boys are men that have not got as big as Teachers ! their papas , and girls are women that will be Will you help us keep an accurate subscrip- ladies by- an-by. Man was made before wom- an. When God looked at Adam He said to tion list by notifying us promptly of a change in address ? Please give your old as well as Himself : "Well, I think I can do better if I your new address . If you fail to receive the try again. " And He made Eve. God liked Eve Bulletin or know of a teacher who does not so much better than Adam that there have get hers, will you phone us ? We will appre- been more women than men. Boys are a trou- ciate your co-operation in reporting any fail- ble. They wear out everything but soap. If ure of the Bulletin to reach its destination . I had my way half the world would be girls and the rest dolls. My papa is so nice that I Margaret Haley's Bulletin. think he must have been a little girl when he Phone Central 3904. was a boy . Boston Transcript. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 73 November 30, 1927 Credit Union Offers e b a k e r Teachers Aid The Chicago Teachers' Federation Credit Stud Union has done a very good business during the first six months of its existence, and ex- We have sold many Studebaker cars to teachers pects to do much more during the coming during the past year. We offer you the best of year. This cooperative savings and loan as- cars and best of service. sociation promises to become a very important SOUTH END AUTO SALES CO. i factor in the lives of the organized teachers 110th St., at Michigan Ave. of Chicago. Below the Hill, Roseland As the Credit Union grows it will be able Phone Commodore 0707 F. J. Zipf H. F. Zipf to take care of the loans of more and more - teachers, and, best of all, it will undoubtedly T O N E ARCH - become a real force in establishing the habit of systematic saving among its members. A twenty-five cent entrance fee and a deposit 1 as small as one dollar per month will make D STATss ARedTEFo E oe ES SCHOOSh RO one a member. ED C Trade Mark Interest on deposits is figured from the day CINTIUSA- the money is paid in up to the day of with- Combination Lasts drawal even though the time is less than six Sizes 4 to 10 AAAA to D months . Loans may be repaid in a lump sum or in installments according to the terms of FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE E the agreement at the time the loan is made. Comfort Shoes in the Latest Styles for Every Occasion Teachers interested in getting detailed in- WALTER J. OTTO, Incorporated formation about the Credit Union may obtain 53 E. Madison St. CHICAGO such information by communicating with 1 Margaret Powell, 1215 Winona Ave., Chicago. F. Blanche Preble, Pres. Bd. of Directors. 56 Years In The FurBusiness!! I KNOW FUR Buy from one who KNOWS values, and will give you an honest deal IN WHICH WE UTTER F. RANKE FUR CO . (Continued from Page 63) Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 they go to a place where they never will go. We give them the "classics"-give them Mil- 1 ton when they aren't beyond Mother Goose; ELIZABETH N. EICHORN give them the " Conciliation of the American 72 East Madison Street, Chicago Telephone State 7463 Colonies" when they can't read a daily paper intelligently and don't know whether King GOSSARD CORSETS - LINGERIE GIFTS 1 Tut's tomb is in Egypt or in Arlington ; give them English novels when they can't discrimi- 10 % Discount to Teachers nate, in a magazine, between a short story and an article. We who teach English in the high school Thos. E. McElroy Co. are troubled in soul . We have heard some- STEVENS BLDG. where of holding steadily in our teaching to FINE FURS the larger human views ; of aiding our pupils -Repairing Remodeling-Storage We Call for Storage through literature to interpret life, to re- STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 spond to the spectacle and drama of life ; of developing their sympathies, enlarging their vision, lifting their ideals and aspirations Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 3994 through the use of language. We are troubled GEORGE W. JOHNSON SHORTHAND REPORTER because we feel that we are failing to attain 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago these ends. So, again, we who teach English SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND in the high school salute you who say what REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers ' Federation (Continued on Next Page) 74 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1927 Amendments Made in Exclusive...but notExpensive ADiscount of Sabbatical Rule At a meeting of the Board of Education Murray- BlackCo. 21 N. Wabash Ave. 10% Allowedto School November 5, 1927 certain amendments were Ground Floor Teachers made to the Sabbatical Leave of Absence rule Between Madison and Washington adopted by the Board August 3 and printed JANUARY CLEARANCE in the September 17 Bulletin ( Page 18 ) . The amendments provide for the granting SALES NOW A Small Deposit of Sabbatical leave for a period not exceeding Holds Your Choice one school year and not less than one-half a school year. The rule as originally adopted FURCOATS read, ". to grant leave of absence MUSKRAT COATS -Silver and dark for a period of one year or for one-half Skins trimmed with Fox collars . Fuil ‫دو‬ length. year. • • Special $175 HUDSON SEAL Luxurious full Storage In the amendments is eliminated the pro- length models . Skunk (Marten) , Free vision for limiting the number of teachers Squirrel Kolinsky and Mink $275 Two trimmed. Special Seasons who may be granted leave from one school. CARACUL COATS - In the new shades of Brown , Black and Gray, The original reading was, "Not more than two trimmed with Fox collar and cuffs . Full length. teachers in the same school shall be granted Special at $ 125 JAP MINK - Beautifully trimmed leave at any one time." This sentence has with Fox collars . $325 For only been omitted . RACCOON COATS for the college girl . Flapper and Tomboy Raccoon The amendments also prohibit the exten- coats. Made to sell for $450. 42 inches long . Dark skins. sion of the Sabbatical leave because of illness . Special at $ 225 MARMINK COATS Beautifully The amendment reads, " The period of absence finished. smart Mink appearance. Impressive examples of workman- shall not be extended on account of sickness ship. Specially priced this sale $ 150 of the employe on such leave, nor shall any additional salary or additional compensation OTHER Murray be paid him or her during the period of such Black absence ." VALUES JUST Furs Are Guaranteed AS GREAT IN WHICH WE UTTER Buy with Confidence.- Murray- Black Co. (Continued from Previous Page) guarantees every garment to give utmost satisfaction . Reliable skins, highest grade we shall teach, and we ask you in all serious- of workmanship. See them and be con- vinced. ness : "Is the failure our fault ? or the fault of the course ? or the fault of both ? Have we TELEPHONE NEVADA 0217 been following false leaders ? And what are we all going to do about it ?" Dagobert , Fleming & Shewbrook FLORISTS Peabody Journal of Education. EXPERT DESIGNERS OF FLORAL ART 3211 W. Madison Street ALARMING SYMPТОМ NEAR KEDZIE Telegraph Delivery CHICAGO " I'm worried about my daughter." "What seems to be the trouble ?" "I don't know ; but we bought her a yellow slicker to wear to high school and she hasn't IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and drawn any pictures on it." Permanent Waving HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR ESTABLISHED 1905 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. Phones : Edgewater 4674-4675-Broadway at Wilson MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ter months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. Edna Herron THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies 15 Cents. LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Literary Work a Specialty the order of Experienced in preparation of Manuscript for publication MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American 1114 American Bond & Mortgage Building 127 North Dearborn St. , Chicago. Tel. Dearborn 4814 Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Reference as to reliability, Bulletin Office Phone Central 3904 November 30, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 75 -To Him That Hath Shall Be Given- ENRICI'S is famous no less Having the burdens of blindness and deafness, one of H our loyal ranks has been given the additional sorrow of loss for the enduring and deep 1 of home and loss of dear ones . In spite of these woes she has maintained her interest in the profession of which friendships it has won than she was once a part and has continued her loyalty to the for the quality of the foods cause. The Bulletin is glad to print this greeting from her and to acknowledge her sincere co - operation. Courage such it serves and for the great as hers is an inspiration for us to carry on.-EDITOR. volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- November 18 , 1927 . Miss Margaret Haley : day, before the matinee, it is the great May the Lord reward you a thousandfold central meeting place . for all the good you have been doing. En- closed please find check for two dollars for the renewal of the Bulletin from September, 1927, to September, 1928 . I presume you have heard the sad fate which has befallen me . Last November I lost my HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS , PRESIDENT eyesight and I am totally blind. My little home, where I had been so happy, was broken up . I had a bad fall last January and have 67 W. Randolph St. been in bed ever since, but lately I am able to sit up for an hour or two at a time. My lot Between Dearborn and Clark Streets is a hard one as I am also deaf. Despair often tries to enter my heart, but the Lord drives it away and I begin my battle anew. I lost my No orchestral din only brother on the 5th of October. One of the Sisters reads your Bulletin and tells me the parts I am most interested in. Wishing you all the good luck in the world with your magazine, I am SPECIAL TRAIN VIA Your old loyal friend , Magdalene W. Handt, CHICAGO & ALTON St. Ann's Home, Techny, Ill . TO SUBSCRIPTION SPRINGFIELD , ILL. to AND RETURN MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN FOR THE Name . Address . ANNUAL MEETING OF (Street and Number) City THE ILLINOIS STATE Subscription price $2.00 per year. TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 GOING N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. LV. CHICAGO 10:15 A. M., DEC. 27TH AR. SPRINGFIELD 2:15 P. M., DEC. 27TH Mother : " But, Bobby, surely you did some- thing else but eat at the school treat ?" RETURNING Bobbie : " Yes, mummie. After tea we sang LV. SPRINGFIELD 3:00 P. M., DEC. 29TH a hymn, ' We Can Sing, Full Though We Be.' " AR. CHICAGO 7:00 P. M., DEC. 29TH ( Mother learned later that the hymn se- lected had been " Weak and Sinful Though We Be . " ) -Dublin Sunday Independent. C. & A. "The Only Way" 76 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN November 30, 1927 To whom it may concern My Dear Mr. Advertiser: As a business proposition— Is a three million dollar monthly payroll buy- ing power worth considering as a market for your wares? Is a 13,000 audience an asset to you in the dis- position of your product? Is a high class, reliable clientele that knows what it wants and wants the best, a stimulus to your business? If these things are worth considering , you may attain them by letting Margaret HALEY'S BULLETIN relay your message to ALL the teachers of Chicago. The BULLETIN goes to ALL the teachers of the city It is published twice a month. It has a guaranteed circulation of 13,000. Its reader interest is unchallenged. Teachers ' patronage is the kind that builds . Do you want it to build YOUR business? MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 127 North Dearborn Phone Central 3904 l a c e m e 6 NVI R e p VOL . NO . V Margaret Haley's 5 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . December 15, 1927 Christmas Greeting I pray the prayer the Easterners do, May the peace of Allah abide with you Wherever you stay, wherever you go, May the beautiful palms of Allah grow; Through the days of labor and nights of rest, May the love of sweet Allah make you blest, So I touch my heart as the Easterners do, May the peace of Allah abide with you. Myrtle U. Hooper. President Classroom Teachers' Association, Minneapolis , Minn . 78 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 15, 1927 A GIFT FOR YOURSELF Think of the pleasant hours WE - FIT- FEET with a famous portable With the proper shape shoe for your foot. Trav-Ler radio at your side. Your foot is one of three shapes, either in- Price only $59.50 complete flare , straight or outflare. There is only one Guaranteed and Serviced way to find out what shape foot you have No Aerial-No Wires by fitting all three types of True-Pedic Phonefor demonstration Shoes . American Radio Shop Jo die bu Ravenswood 4741 1757 Sunnyside Ave. Inflare s OPEN EVENINGS INFLARE Delicious Cooking Straight STRAIGHT Charming Surroundings Moderate Prices Outflare Service from 8A.M. to 12 P.M. These shoes are fitted by Mr. & Mrs. Luncheon .$0.60 OUTFLARE Jones, members of The American Dinner ... 1.00 Posture League. Please men- Sunday Dinner 1.25 Fru-peE-dic tion where you The Phone Read this Ad. Dearborn 8058 JULIA KING'S SHO Tea Room 35 WEST MONROE 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET Between Dearborn and State T O N E ARCH - Gowns ES ARedFo ssShoe STADT E UNIT RO and DC Trade Mark HC-IIN Frocks -O TIUSA Combination Lasts for Sizes 4 to 10 AAAA to D Formal FITS THE FOOT IN ACTION OR REPOSE Comfort Shoes in the Latest Wear Styles for Every Occasion WALTER J. OTTO, Incorporated A collection of 53 E. Madison St. CHICAGO smartly individ- ualized gowns and frocks for formal and semi-formal occasions, admir- ably expressing the newest fash- ion features are FLOWERS presented Misses and Wom- in ens sizes at most FOR ALL OCCASIONS reasonable prices. $25 to $95 VINCENT & MULLINS 2119 N. ROCKWELL ST . ARMITAGE Johnson &Harwood 37 South Wabash Ave. Corner Milwaukee Avenue 8023 3d Floor, N. E. Corner Monroe MARGARET HALEY'S T e BULLETIN Π Vol . 5. No. 5 December 15, 1927 Page 79 Perfect Gifts Give Ear to those who cry for crumbs and heap their homely larders high, for lo ! the joyous season's here—and Christmas comes . Give Hands to those who need a guide, nor cast a thought of race or creed, since brotherhood is all worth while at Christmastide. Give Steps to those who cannot plod on their own errands to and fro above the crisp December sod, as others go . Give Thought to what you best can do to cheer the heart and soothe the mind and make the world seem good and kind to those less fortunate than you. Give Smiles to all whose weary load brings gloom and pain and gray despair, and bends them low o'er life's steep road, for smiles with them are rare. Give Knowledge to the dull, untaught, for some there are who do not know with what your Christmastide is fraught, and speak of Him, the manger born, beneath the Eastern star's pale glow. Give Courage to the fearing band that needs the clasp of friendly hand and cheering smile and all good will ; give courage, then, to such as they this day. Give Heed to others and their need. They know, they feel, they have desire ; nor is it what you think is best, but rather what they must require that you should give and do and say on Christmas day. Give Laughter-not the scornful sort, but laughter that abounds with happy, wholesome, merry sounds and so infectious as to bring a like retort. Give Heart-the heart that beats for all upon this day; the heart that greets the lowly and the high ; the heart that grows with sympathy and knows but love for those who pass you by. Give Joy to all-it may be bread to one or just a smile, or yet a simple toy, or words of praise or even gold-but give them all and you will give but joy. Give Praise to Him that you have many things, good friends, a home and health -and life's long span. Give praise to Him for all these things, and best of all the brotherhood of man. And giving these, you will have given more, by far, than prince or potentate or modern Midas- You will have given that which gold, nor favor, nor fear can buy- You will have given that which He was ever giving to the lowly and the poor, comfort and strength and hope and rest and courage and faith for of these things are the perfect Christmas gifts made . -Lewis Allen, Pittsburgh School Bulletin, December, 1927. 80 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 15, 1927 From the Masthead by The Lookout " Some say that ever ' gainst that season comes Wherein our Saviour's birth was celebrated, This bird of dawning singeth all night long; And then, they say, no spirit dares stir abroad ; The nights are wholesome -then no planets strike , No fairy takes, no witch hath power to charm, So hallowed and so gracious is the time. " Old English Carol To the Teachers of Chicago: To squeeze all the good wishes I wish you I do wish you all the joys of the holiday into two feeble pages seems futile. To say season, teachers of Chicago . Yours is a well- Merry Christmas to you without plagiarizing earned vacation and should be crammed full seems impossible. To be original in my Christ- of all the happiness which the Christmas sea- mas greeting seems hopeless. I find myself, to son brings. I would stuff your stockings to borrow from the story told in the editorial bulging, load your trees to breaking, heap your columns of the Chicago Tribune, Tuesday, tables to groaning and fill your hearts with December 13, in the position of a good old good cheer. colored woman in the south . She was attend- There is something festive about these few ing the funeral of one of her colored brethren. days before December 25. There is something It was the custom thereabouts for the fluttery about the tinsel and tissue, the holly mourners to approach the bier, lay one hand and hawthorne. But there is something com- on the forehead of the deceased and repeat mercial about the shoppers, the mailman, some appropriate sentiment as, "Not dead but about the festival itself. There is something sleeping," or "At rest at last." that suggests a far cry from the occasion of Taking time by the "fetlock" ( as the old the celebration, the Nativity. woman said) the colored woman had prepared In the rush and competition of Christmas ten possible appropriate sentiments to be giving, it is easy to lose sight of the religious repeated at the crucial moment. Her place in the line of mourners was well toward the end significance of the feast day and to forget it came with the coming of the Great Teacher. and ere she reached the coffin her thunder had been stolen and every one of her remarks used There is little in store decorations or in by some one ahead of her. street parade to suggest the origin of In desperation she confronted the corpse Christmas and less in the hearts of the holiday and placing one hand on his brow she said, crush to recall the spirit of Christmas . "Merry Christmas, Mr. Brown ! " The message of " peace on earth, good will I appreciate the feeling of the teacher who, to men," has been lost in the commercial car- just before going on the witness stand in the ols which re- echo through our streets. And McAndrew trial yesterday, told the attorney yet, without that gladsome cry which broke for the Board of Education that she sympa- through the clouds over the manger at Bethle- thized with a witness who, before going on the hem, we would not have known the spirit of witness stand said to the lawyer, "Now don't kinship which makes the whole world one at cross question me, I am not as smart as you Christmas . think I am," and the lawyer replied, " Oh, yes , you are, you must be." As teachers we might well pause a moment MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 81 December 15, 1927 and harken to that message. We might medi- of developing his God-given powers of imagi- tate a few minutes in this busy world on the nation. ( lessons He taught and weigh the wealth of His In these trying days when all imagination words when He said, " Suffer little children has been taken from school work that there to come unto me and forbid them not, for of might be concentration on the so-called "fun- such is the kingdom of Heaven . " damentals , ” “training children to become what He taught that others might go out and they will never become," as Ada Louise Wil- teach. He taught by precept and example. He cox, a teacher in Benton, Tenn., states it, the instilled into those who followed Him, those teachers have saved the children from absolute humble fishermen, those hewers of wood and stagnation . They have tried to make them see drawers of water, principles which He wished through the clouds of 100 percentage tests the them to propound in turn long after He had peaks of the arts . They have helped them cherish the culture gleaned in earlier years gone. They were faithful to His charge . and to long for more. They have shown them We too have a responsibility. We have a the poetry of living, fettered about as they responsibility to instill into those who come were with cumbersome mechanics which ad- under our charge, principles which they in ministrators are pleased to call "education." turn may hand down. Ours is a stewardship The president of the Board of Education of precept and example. We can do these expressed gratification at the "beautiful senti- things, we can give to the "least of these" only ment of simplicity, honesty of purpose and in- so much of ourselves as we are allowed to tegrity " demonstrated by the teachers who TS give, only so much of the spiritual and cul- testified before the Board of Education yester- an tural things of life as a commercial system, day. That "simplicity, honesty of purpose and ris commercially administered, will allow us to. integrity, " are the heritage of the teachers of Sto today from earlier teachers, unspoiled by de- It seems particularly fitting that at this partment store standards and factory "effi- very moment, at this very hour, the voices of ciency." Such principles are bred only in a the classroom teachers should be raised in spiritual and cultural atmosphere. protest against the commercial processes which have been threatening our schools in It should be an occasion of rejoicing to us Chicago and which bade fair to make of our this Christmas time to know that the fraudu- S lent educational methods which have been children cogs in a commercial machine in- stead of free thinking human beings entitled foisted upon the children and the teachers are to a name, not a number. at last exposed and there is hope that Christ- mas will bring to the schools the message of For a period of years you have been ex- "Peace on Earth, Good Will to Men." pected to shut the door which led to associa- tion with great minds in music, art and litera- Lo, now is come our joyful'st feast ! ( ture and to direct children's energies to the ab- Let every man be jolly , solute and asinine accuracy of a column of fig- Each room with yvie leaves is drest, e ures . You have been expected to minimize And every post with holly . the esthetic side of education in order that Now all our neighbours' chimneys smoke , T minds starving for the cultural things of life And Christmas blocks are burning ; might fit into their numbers in a commercial Their ovens they with bak't meats choke , world. As Dr. Steiner, whose lecture before And all their spits are turning. Without the door let sorrow lie , the Chicago Division is quoted in part in this And if, for cold , it hap' to die, issue explains it, his work in the Ford factory was to run with a screw to a bench and run We'el bury't in a Christmas pye And evermore be merry . back in time to catch the next Ford . As he Withers “ Juvenilia " says , " If a sneezed, I missed two Fords." And once again, "Merry Christmas, Mr. It seems hard to make the artificial , com- Brown ." mercial standards which have been set up for the teachers and children of Chicago in the last few years, fit in with the teachings of the & Great Teacher who gave to every child the birthright of happiness and the opportunity MargentA. Haly 82 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 15, 1927 McAndrew's Regime Was What Sherman Called War Says Teacher in Testimony at Night Session of Board As we go to press with this issue of the in the history of my school board experience Bulletin, the newspapers report the opening of six years, and I thank God for the real of testimony by teachers against the methods human, honest people in the Chicago public of Superintendent McAndrew. schools ." Teachers, principals and district superin- Lack of time prevents printing anything but tendents took the witness stand at a night the merest excerpt from the stenographic re- session of the Board of Education, Wednesday port of the meeting and the testimony of night, December 14. teachers . A more complete report will be J. Lewis Coath, president of the board, is given in the next Bulletin. quoted in this morning's Tribune as saying, Following is a part of the testimony taken at the conclusion of the testimony, "I cannot from the stenographic report of Miss Anna but remark on the beautiful sentiment of sim- Twohig , of the Gray school, a teacher for plicity, honesty of purpose and integrity many years : [The questioner in the direct ex- demonstrated here tonight in the hearts of amination was Mr. Righeimer, attorney for the men and women who testified . the Board . He is speaking the lines indicated "It is one of the most gratifying spectacles by " Q" and Miss Twohig by "A."] * * * A. I would like to speak about the music test in No- were to be tested again. We knew that in June, some- vember, 1926. **** time in June the children would be called upon to sing Q. Go on now and tell us about the singing tests. again. So they worked hard. And on June 6th, 1927 A. In November, 1926, Mr. Keener came to our school. another test was given under the direction of the music In fact, he gave tests in all the E-A groups, no, in the department. 6-A groups in all the schools. He came into the room . We have three 6-A rooms in our school and the best I was present at the test in the 6th grade room . He pupils in each of the three rooms were chosen and put in came into the room. He gave out cards. Each child one room for the purpose of the test. got a card. There were ten different sorts of cards. Five In other words the unmusical children, the boys with cards were numbered 1 ; five, 2, and so forth. Then he changing voices, the very, very timid children who would asked all the children who had card No. 1 to rise and dread to stand up and sing were taken out so that the he chose a child to sing. Then the child number 2. Now, group consisted of 48 children out of the three rooms by singing, I mean note reading. who could sing the best. Q. You mean what ? Q. Now, how many pupils were there in the room in A. Note reading, note singing. the first test? Q. Note reading ? A. 48 unselected children. A. Note singing . Q. 48 assorted children ? Q. Note singing test ? A. Yes , sir, unselected. A. Something that was written on a little card. The Q. In each of the three rooms; is that right? children were given a minute or two to look at it and A. Yes . And they gave it to one room only. Just they were told to rise. They were not given the key and walked into one room and gave it to one room. not the pitch. They were told to tell the key and to sing. Q. Yes. Q. Then they selected how many for the second test? A. That was done through the whole group of ten A. Then in June, 1926 they picked the best children cards. out of each room and put them all in one room, and some rooms contributed more than others because they Our score for that test in November, 1926, was zero. were better. Q. Zero ? Q. What was the result of that test? A. Zero. They sent out to the school from Mr. A. On that test, I have a copy of it here, we were Keener's office a list of the schools in the district show- 100 per cent. ( Laughter.) ing the number of children that were called upon. Ours Q. From zero to 100 per cent ? (Laughter.) is marked "9 children, zero." Most of them seem to run about 12. The scores range from zero to 42. No, 50 A. Mr. Righeimer, you don't know how hard the teachers worked on that and how hard the children is the highest score. Then in June- worked on that. Q. How soon after that did they become Carusos ? Q. Well, where did they work the hardest, teaching (Laughter.) the children, or making the selections ? A. Well, it was quite a while, but we knew that they A. That I can't say. December 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 83 Q. Well, when the results of this were promulgated A. I would just like to repeat that when comparisons was the "dear public" advised that the conditions of of the results of tests are made for the purpose of show- these tests were different ? ing progress, when the conditions are so altogether dif- A. Well, we have been waiting for the 1927 annual ferent, that it is not only not scientific, it is dis- honest. report to come out to show that improvement, but I have not been able to get a copy of it yet. I would like to say that school teaching during the Q. Well, you saw some newspaper stories to the three years of Mr. McAndrew's regime was what Sher- effect that there were some wonderful changes in the man called war. (Laughter and applause.) But it has e conditions of the schools, in the condition of these chil- been heaven the last three months, because we haven't dren, didn't you? had any of this. A. Yes, sir, I did. Q. Did you see anything about the different kinds of And we have worked just as hard, Mr. Righeimer, too. test, or the test being made under different conditions, in any of those articles ? MR . BUSCH : I object to the testimony and move to strike it out. It has nothing to do with the charges of A. I did not. * * * August 29th, if the President please . Q. Nor anybody else did. THE CHAIRMAN : Objection overruled. Q. Now what else, if anything, is there that you can MR. RIGHEIMER : That is all, Miss Twohig. * Miss * say about these tests ? Anything further ? Slattery. Judge Dismisses Case Against Policemen's Pension Fund Hearing on Teachers' Pension Case Expected Soon When the Application for Injunction was or contract made without express authority of law; ■ filed against the Teachers' Pension Board last and all such unauthorized agreements or contracts shall be null and void; Provided, the General As- July, a similar suit was filed against the sembly may make appropriations for expenditures Policemen's Pension Board . These suits were incurred in suppressing insurrections or repelling brought to prevent the City Treasurer and the invasion." Teachers' and the Policemen's Pension Boards from paying increases authorized by the legis- Both sides agreed that the Pension Law is lature to persons were were pensioners when proper and is a worthy effort of the govern- the amendments became effective. The City mental agencies to allow for long , continuous Treasurer acting on the advice of his attorney municipal service, and therefore the point has refused to pay these increases. which the Court decided on was : Whether or The case against the Policemen's Fund has not it is legal to increase the amount of the been heard and Judge Hebel of the Superior pension sioners . paid to those who were already pen- Court handed down his decision on Wednes- day, December 14, 1927. He dismissed the In discussing this, the opinion points out case for want of equity—that is, he denied the that if pensions are "extra compensation" the injunction. This, however, does not mean that increases could not be allowed ; but the Court the increases will now be paid, for the case held that pensions are not "extra compensa- will almost certainly be taken to the Supreme tion " ; they are bounties or gratuities, and may Court, and the City Treasurer will wait for be granted, increased, decreased, or with- the decision of that tribunal before he will pay drawn at the will of the legislature. these increases . The only other point to be established was In his opinion, Judge Hebel considered first whether or not the legislature intended these the arguments of the complainant and gave increases to apply to those who were already special attention to Section 19 of Article 4 of pensioned . On this point the Court held that the State Constitution which provides that : the language was plain ; the increases should be paid. The General Assembly shall never grant or author- ize extra compensation, fee or allowance to any pub- A hearing on the Teachers' case is expected lic officer, agent, servant or contractor, after service soon, but no date has as yet been fixed. It will has been rendered or a contract made, nor authorize the payment of any claim, or part thereof, here- be heard before Judge Denis E. Sullivan of after created against the State under any agreement Superior Court. 84 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 15, 1927 Teachers Ponder Over Retirement and Emeritus Rules Both Reprinted as Means of Answering Volume of Questions In order to answer the large number of By comparison of the two, it is believed questions which teachers are asking regarding teachers will find an answer to the questions the Compulsory and Voluntary Retirement which are puzzling them . Law and the Emeritus Service Rule, the Bulle- Following them is a reprint of the Sabbati- tin is reprinting here the retirement law cal year rule which has been responsible for as amended and the Emeritus rule as some quandary on the part of teachers : amended . COMPULSORY AND VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT superintendent, or assistant superintendent so retired to LAW annuity under other statutory provisions concerning any teachers' pension fund, or teachers' pension and retire- (As Amended and in Effect July 1, 1927) ment fund, established in accordance with the provisions The 1927 Act, (the Voluntary Retirement Law) added of any statute in this State; and shall not repeal or Section 3 to the 1925 Law (the Compulsory Retirement modify any other such statutory provisions . Law), and the two combined make the law at present Sec. 3. All teachers, principals , district superin- as follows : tendents , and assistant superintendents who have served "An Act to provide for the compulsory and voluntary in the public schools of the United States for twenty- five retirement of teachers , principals, district superin- years or more and who have served in the public schools tendents , and assistant superintendents , and the payment of such city for 15 years immediately prior to retirement of retirement annuities ." under this Act and who are 65 or more years of age and Section 1. In every city in this state having a popula- who have not reached the age of compulsory retirement tion exceeding 250,000 inhabitants, the board of educa- as provided in sections one and two of the last mentioned tion of such city shall retire from active service on Act to which this section is added, shall upon their own February 1 and August 1 of each year, all teachers , request be retired from active service and thereafter be principals, district superintendents , and assistant superin- paid annuities for life from the moneys derived from the tendents in the public schools of such city in accordance general tax levy for educational purposes . Such an- with the following schedule : nuities shall be paid respectively according to the fol- (a) In the year 1926 all teachers , principals, district lowing table of ages and annuities annually : Age 65 Ten hundred dollars .... ($1,000) superintendents, and assistant superintendents seventy- Age 66 Eleven hundred dollars ... ($1,100) five or more years of age, shall be retired from active service. Age 67 Twelve hundred dollars .. ($ 1,200) (b) In the year 1927 all teachers , principals, district Age 68 Thirteen hundred dollars . ($1,300) Age 69 Fourteen hundred dollars . ($1,400) superintendents , and assistant superintendents seventy- four or more years of age, shall be retired from active Age 70 and thereafter . Fifteen hundred dollars .. ($ 1,500) service. And provided that at the age of 65 and at any year of (c) In the year 1928 all teachers, principals, district age thereafter, the board of education of such city may superintendents, and assistant superintendents seventy- require a physical or a mental examination of any such three or more years of age, shall be retired from active teacher, principal, district superintendent or assistant service. superintendent upon the request of the superintendent (d) In the year 1929 all teachers , principals, district of schools of such city and if any such teacher, principal, superintendents , and assistant superintendents seventy- district superintendent or assistant superintendent be two or more years of age, shall be retired from active found incapacitated for service after trial as already or service . hereafter provided by law he shall be retired at the (e) In the year 1930 and in each and every year annuity above provided for that age of voluntary retire- ment. thereafter, all teachers, principals, district superin- tendents , and assistant superintendents seventy or more And provided, further, that all such teachers, prin- years of age, shall be retired from active service. cipals, district superintendents, and assistant superin- Sec. 2. Each person so retired from active service tendents shall be subject to the same conditions as to who served in the public schools of such city for twenty advisory service as provided for in Section 2 of said last or more years prior to such retirement, shall be paid the mentioned Act to which this section is added. Nothing sum of Fifteen Hundred Dollars ($ 1,500.00) annually and contained in this section or in said last mentioned Act for life from the date of such retirement from the money to which this section is added shall in any way impair or derived from the general tax levy for educational pur- prejudice any right of a teacher, principal, district poses: Provided, that any teacher, principal, district superintendent, or assistant superintendent so retired to superintendent, or assistant superintendent so retired and annuity under other statutory provisions concerning any receiving such annuity shall be subject to the call of the teachers' pension fund or teachers' pension and retire- superintendent of schools in such city for consultation ment fund established in accordance with the provisions and advisory service. And, provided further, that noth- of any statute of this State, and the payment to be made ing in this Act contained shall in any way impair or under this section or the Act to which it is added shall prejudice any rights of teacher, principal, district a be in addition to any such annuity. ecem December 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 85 EMERITUS SERVICE RULE SABBATICAL LEAVE RULE er (As Amended) (As Passed by Board) Section 1. There is hereby created a branch of the "Article 2. Sec. 7. ( Sabbatical Leave of Absence.) educational service of the Board of Education which "The Superintendent shall have authority, with the ap- shall be known as Emeritus Service to which all mem- proval of the Board of Education, to grant leave of 18 absence for a period of one year or for one-half year bers of the teaching force including teachers , principals , supervisors , directors , district superintendents, assistant for any or all of the following purposes : tis " ( a) Study along lines relating exclusively to superintendents, superintendents, other than the Super- the schools and school work . intendent of Schools, and examiners, except as herein- after provided, shall be assigned when they have re- "(b) Travel which shall not involve to the em- thespectively reached the age of 70 years. Provided how- ploye any financial remuneration or benefit. ever such assignments shall be made only in cases where " (c) Observation of schools and school work said persons have been in service in the public schools outside of the City of Chicago . che of the City of Chicago for at least 10 years prior to such " This leave may be granted at the completion of seven retirement. Hereafter no member of the teaching force years or more of continuous satisfactory service as shall be continued in classroom or supervising duties teacher or principal in the public schools of the City of COD who shall be more than seventy years of age. Chicago, and at the completion of any subsequent period of seven years or more of such service. Granting of leave jon Section 2. It shall be the duty of the Superintendent th of Schools on the first day of January and the first under the provisions of this rule for a period of one year, or for any less period, shall be a bar to any further day of July in each year or as soon thereafter as pos- leave hereunder until after the completion of at least sible, to report to the Board of Education in writing the seven years' additional continuous satisfactory service. str names of all persons of the teaching force who have or Applications for leave under the provisions of this sec- boi will have attained the age of 70 years on the first day tion shall be made in writing, over the personal signature for of February or August next ensuing and he shall recom- of the applicant. Not more than two teachers in the p mend ( unless he is of the opinion that charges should same school shall be granted leave at any one time. be preferred against such persons in accordance with Preference shall be given to those who have reached the the Statute and Rules in such cases made and provided) maximum of the salary schedule, seniority in service the or that such persons who have been in service in the public deciding factor between applicants meeting the general schools in the City of Chicago for at least 10 years shall requirements of salary maximum and satisfactory service po be transferred from regular classroom or supervisory "During the period of absence under such leave, when 6 service and shall be assigned to the class of service duly granted, the employe shall be paid the salary which known as Emeritus Service and be subject to the call of he or she would be paid for regular service, less the es the Superintendent of Schools, or the Board of Educa- amount paid for substitute service, payment to be made tion for consultation, advice and such other service as under the procedure adopted by the Board of Education for payment of members of the teaching force. may from time to time be required. Section 3. Each person so transferred to Emeritus "Upon the expiration of leave granted pursuant to this section, the teacher or principal shall be reassigned to Service shall be paid annually during the continuance of the position formerly occupied, provided, however, that such service a sum equal to one- half of the average satisfactory evidence be presented, showing that the annual salary received by such person during the ten period of leave has been utilized in good faith for the sole years preceding his transfer to Emeritus Service, but no purpose for which it was granted. This evidence, in case person so transferred shall receive annually less than of leave for study, shall be in the form of a certificate fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500) nor more than twenty- from a college or university of recognized standing, show- five hundred dollars ($2,500 ) . ing work that shall be satisfactory to the Superintendent of Schools and the Board of Education; in case of travel, SABBATICAL RULE either a passport or an affidavit by the employe, specify- b ing the places visited and the time spent in each. Regarding the status of teachers who take "Any employe who shall make application for leave 1 ‫ال‬ Sabbatical leaves, the following letter dated under the provisions of this rule and who shall fail to December 13, 1927, has been received from devote the entire period to the purposes specified in his William J. Bogan, assistant superintendent of application for leave, or who shall during said period be schools : engaged in any other occupation or employment, shall be deemed guilty of such violation of the rules of the Board December 13, 1927. of Education as to constitute ground for the filing of Dear Miss Haley: charges and dismissal from the service. It has been the understanding at this office that a "Temporary vacancies due to the granting of leave teacher who makes application for Sabbatical leave under under the provisions of this rule shall be filled on the the rules of the Board of Education is to all intents and recommendation of the Superintendent of Schools, ap- purposes a regular teacher and that her absence on Sab- proved by the Board of Education, by persons holding 1 batical leave would not affect the continuity of service the appropriate certificate and qualified for such service ; called for by the Miller Law. However, in order that so far as possible appointments to be made to cover the the question may be definitely settled, we are requesting entire period of absence and to avoid changes in in- an opinion from the Attorney on this point. structors during said period. Very truly yours , "Respectfully submitted, William J. Bogan, "Walter H. Brandenburg , "Chairman ." Assistant Superintendent of Schools . Excerpts from meeting of the Board of Education, August 3, 1927 86 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 15, 1927 Straight Thinking in a Crooked World An interesting, whimsical interpretation of the subject, " Straight Thinking in a Crooked World," was given by Dr. Edward Steiner of Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, before the Chicago Division of the Illinois State Teachers' Associa- tion, Saturday, December 3, in the Studebaker Theater. So much of what Dr. Steiner said bears repeating that it is difficult to pick out the gems which will fit in the space to which we are limited in this BULLETIN. With apologies io Dr. Steiner for so butchering his masterful talk which filled a much felt want at this time, the BULLETIN herewith reproduces a few excerpts from his inspirational lecture .—EDITOR. When Robert Browning says in his Rabbi Ben Ezra, She has hitched up her household to these machines and "Grow old with me: the best is yet to be," I think he was they do it for her. She perhaps does less thinking, in- spoofing or just whistling to keep up courage. Youth finitely less thinking, than my own mother, who could not is best, or at least you think it is best, because nobody *** read or write, but who had to beat her flax and spin it wants to grow old. and weave and embroider it and cut it to fit the bodies of her children; and who had to make her own candles; While growing old is inevitable, old age mentally is who had to create an atmosphere for her household. My avoidable, and the cultural life presents the way of main- own mother was an infinitely wiser woman than this ** * taining youth. modern, this particular modern woman who has eleven * * machines to do the work of the household. Today we are living in what we are pleased to call a scientific age. We accept everything which science I wish that you would look carefully somewhere at a brings, long before it brings it. We have developed a Greek statue, even that discus thrower. You may have new sort of superstitions . The sun of superstition never him in your high school somewhere. Look at his body. varies, it merely changes its face. From "mumble- Down from the smallest muscle in his small toe up to his bumble" it is now chemistry and physics and to the mass brain cap that body is diffiused with intelligence. Put of the people it is the same sort of stuff. The reason that Greek discus thrower beside Babe Ruth (laughter) we accept that sort of stuff that science brings us, or or beside Mr. Dempsey, or look at the masses of people the reasons, because they are very varied, one of them with whom we have to deal. Their heads are only just I suppose is that accepting everything that science now another muscle, an extension of the backbone, (laughter) brings us, especially in the sphere of applied science, with a hole in the middle to let words out and food in. requires no thinking whatsoever. It is, "You touch the (Laughter.) button, and we do the rest." Of course there are other, probably more complicated Perhaps at the present time there is less thinking done and difficult factors that enter in. One of them is that on the part of the individual than ever before in the his- in our social thinking, which has been practically un- * * * tory of mankind. touched by the scientific spirit, we have to give up some- thing, immediately withhold something, narrow the self That is, today the masses of mankind are moved by if we want to enlarge the social ego; while in acceptance mechanics and whatever is brought to us can easily be of the results of applied science there is an inflation of passed on and easily acquired. The type which some- that ego . There is an immediate expansion in the shape one calls the "chauffeur" type, which our modern civi- of trade or profit. And here again is a simple illustra- lization develops is a very simple type. It can be re- tion. produced everywhere. It has no background; it has no history. The cultural type is a very difficult type to When I was a boy I did all my reading, up to my produce, for it has a past; it is built up on the experience seventh or eighth year, by the light of a lamp, by the of mankind. It has great traditions. It has back of it light which came from a lamp fed by vegetable oil. The great soul and spiritual struggles, but the "chauffeur " women, the present women would go out into the fields type can be reproduced anywhere in less than no in the autumn, gather the seeds, press them and then * * * time. peddle the oil in picturesque jars, crying "Oleo, oleo, oleo." That was the first filling station that I know of. The masses of the people at the present time do not (Laughter. ) We had to make our own wicks and insert think. I perfectly agree with your chairman that they them. And when the thing was lighted we had 9 per are capable of thinking but they don't have to think. cent smoke and 90 per cent smudge and 1 per cent That is the reason they buy machines . illumination, and I read what I read, Shakespeare, the Bible, Goethe, fed to me very early, I read it by the In a certain home, in a neighboring town where I have light of that lamp. I had to carry this little lamp from been a guest, there are eleven machines to run the house- line to line . hold. The lady of the house says, "I do not need a maid now; I need a mechanic." The time that she has for her Then came the discovery of coal oil and the invention leisure, which has been gotten for her by these machines , of a machine in which to burn it satisfactorily, and the she plays bridge. That is, she is not creatively thinking. tidings of it came into our little village. Mother would 1 December 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 87 not think of it because she was conservative but we had straight when it comes to the question of classes or races a revolt of youth. There always is a revolt of youth, or other nations . Every once in awhile in my classes I and the coal oil lamp came. ask my students to close their eyes and empty their minds of everything, which is not very difficult, (laugh- A thrill such as none of our youth may ever feel again ter) and then try to write down their instinctive reac- came to me when that box arrived. I opened it nervously tions to certain races or nations or classes that I will - and there lay this new thing, the crystal globe and the mention. I begin with the Chinese, Slav, the Italian, brass top, the new machine, the first machine I ever the Jew, and what- not, and invariably when we gather handled. That little wheel that you turn up and down up not only their instinctive reactions, but even their so fascinated me, I turned it up and down so often that reasoned reactions you will find that they see the other I was forced to desist by a well- aimed strap. classes , the other nations, the other races always at a lower level, pressed down by their prejudices and it is Then we measured the exact center of the room be- difficult for them to escape. And we carry this sort of cause it was said it had to be hung in the exact center prejudice not only into our immediate social life but we of the room. When it was hung and lighted mother carry it into our national life and our international * went out of the house, she would not stay. I can still life. * * see her beautiful face against the windows, looking in at the new machine. When she saw the glow of it it I venture to say that most of the people we have to t must have appeared to her like the Aurora Borealis . deal with when it comes to the question of nationalism She saw no smoke and there was no explosion. So she or internationalism, when it comes to the question of came in very carefully. She snuffed the air and there the League or the World Court or anything of that kind, f was no burning. She remained. The thing did not blow whether they are for it or against it, it is their prejudices up. She finally accepted it because it gave us so much that move them rather than any sort of clear thinking DE more light. She also accepted gas when it came. She the problem through. It is not an easy thing to do, not also saw the electric light. as easy as going into a chemical laboratory because in the sphere of applied science or in your laboratories your WHOOP AND IT COMES chemist will take a substance and compound it and it will invariably act in a certain way, which is of course not If tomorrow I should go to the chamber of commerce true of human beings. They will not act just as you . and tell them that I had discovered a new light, that you expect them to act. It is not easy. It is not a thing do not need any wires, or any pipes, you just say “ Whoop” into which we should rush but it is something about b which we should creatively think and think hard and and it comes by radio, they would accept it. But if I went to your chamber of commerce with a new light think straight and brush aside all sorts of prejudices upon your social questions, upon your labor questions- because prejudice makes human relationships, the right I have tried it over and over again with your chambers sort of human relationship, impossible. of commerce and your manufacturing associations —they not only would not accept my new light but they would Another reason why it is more difficult to use straight call me something. They would put a label on me to thinking and to come to the right conclusion, especially libel me. They will have none of it because it would in the sphere of social relationships is on account of the momentarily mean a narrowing of the self. They would fact that men are almost invariably moved to their con- * * * have to give up something. They could not be those clusions by self interest. "Big bosses." You see they would have to treat other human beings as their co- workers and not as numbers . It is difficult for us to free ourselves from self- interest * * They may have to pay better wages and provide better when it comes to social thinking. * m working conditions . ‫ام‬ Perhaps the greatest difficulty we have in our social And the reason we have been so laggard in this sort of thinking lies in the fact that we have no reliable text thing is just that, that mankind cannot see far enough books about the past. What is happening in Chicago has ahead; that better human relations may mean an in- happened in New York. In New York the text book creased self; that there is no growth in personalities , was Hylandized and here it is something else. But his- full growth in personalities until you share, until you become one with mankind, and that ultimately there tory, the embodiment of pure tradition is absolutely ag would be bigger profits if there were no strifes and no essential to the development as a group, whether it is a running red of revolution, which spreads its claws over national or a religious group. In our mixed society, in * * int all of us; but they can't see it. * the confusion of race and tongue it is as essential, per- hem haps more essential than protoplasm. In fact, it has all You can link yourself by wires; you can talk over long the facets , all the energy of heredity. distance telephone; you can buy and sell stock and keep up your daily activities without much thinking and with- The Hebrew people, as you know, have produced I we out any other factors entering into it, but when you suppose in every decade a genius, not as great as the tackle this other question, this world old question, the Greek genius in that very short period of about 200 years es question of social relationships, you take something out but for nearly 3,000 years with unremitting force some ad of you; money goes out of you; opportunity goes out of great personality has appeared coming out of the womb you; heart goes out of you, if you are a neighbor to of this race, not because the blood is more precious or your fellow man, if you are a brother of mankind. That the protoplasm more evenly organized but because the is the reason we are still limited in our relationships, in poorest Jewish child in the most neglected corner of the our social relationships . ** * map has this mirror of great men and great events , linked to great purposes, held up to him. They elevate ton Very few of our young people are capable of thinking him; they life him up; they give him dignity. I thor- Mo 88 M'ARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 15, 1927 oughly believe in what I would call a nationalistic his- today feels that the social order is not what it ought to tory. But at the same time it is true about the history be, that there may be a way out of it and a better way, of the Jewish people that they had to get along with you immediately call him a bolshevik; that gets him just heroes who were very incomplete. They had a David, like that, between the eyes . who was their greatest man, their George Washington perhaps , their poet and hero, founder of their religious Patent words, we use them just because they keep *** capital, and nevertheless there in that Holy of Holies is people from thinking . it written, “ Thou who art the man of power, the slayer of another man," and the Hebrew child had to get along General Leonard Wood once said, "There always has with that kind of a David. been war and there always will be war. You can't change human nature." That is another one of those phrases And in the Bible you find this: "And the children of that you can't change human nature. Israel did that which was evil in the sight of God." You couldn't put that into any American history. Now it is not true that there always was war. It need not be true that there always will be war. You Not that they would not do evil but because we are can change human nature. If you can't, then you have entirely mistaken in believing that you can develop no job. That is our job-from clod to God. We have national character by public hearings . no other job, but from clod to God, from enemy to * * 4 friend. We certainly have no bigger job. There are men and women who have struggled with their passions and with their desires, who have broken And we are on the way to changing human nature so the law of God, but who have climbed up by devious that we shall not kill one another. We are on the way. courses to some great height. And the reason that the We are not killers, even what they call the red-blooded Bible is still a good book from which to study morals men. I have got lots of red blood in me and I am not is because on the whole the men and women who are a killer. I don't even like to kill animals . Still I am there are not perfect men. "They did evil in the sight a red-blooded man. I don't like to hunt and look a deer * of God." And they repented. And to use a religious in the face and kill him . * * phrase, there is no remission of sins, there is no salva- tion, there is no greatness for any nation, no greatness OH FOR A CHANCE for any city unless we repent of our sins . And if they will give us this chance, but they won't STRAIGHT HISTORY give us a chance, to teach our boys and girls for two generations that war is wrong, infinitely more wrong You can't think straight unless you have straight his- than eating your fellows, in two generations we should tory. There is nothing quite so necessary today as do away with the whole dirty business of war. straigthening out the text books which link us with the Perhaps the worst years and the most difficult times for past, so that we may know the virtues of our ancestors us as teachers whose task it is to make people think and and may know their faults; that we know the perfect make them feel in war times lie in the fact that in the moments of our nation and of our race and that we may stress of great hates all the reasoning faculties are in- also know when they did wrong so that we may avoid the hibited. We cannot think straight when we hate terribly. mistakes made in the past. We must not teach history A terrible thing about the late war was not the fact to our children that they may repeat the mistakes which that eight or ten million men were killed, young men their fathers made . whose unfulfilled lives never came to fruition or that Perhaps the greatest difficulty in thinking straight thirty or forty or fifty million people, men and women in social relationships lies in the fact that we are con- died of heartbreak and for other reasons , that genera- trolled largely by patent words and phrases which com- tions of unborn children in Europe have their future and pel us to action without thinking. You see them around their health and happiness mortgaged by those terrible everywhere. Today we are compelled by them in all war debts , that was not the most terrible thing. The sorts of relationships, especially in commercial relation- most terrible thing was the degradation of the human * * * mind. ships . EATING THEIR WORDS There must be room for expansion in our thinking and feeling, even our loyalties. America does not take in, If I were God and wanted to punish a certain people the whole world does not take in mankind. While you eternally and punished them cruelly in the old Jehovah have to be loyal, while you have to cling to your people, way I would make college professors and public school while you may have to fight for your institutions, yet teachers and preachers, I would make them read their at the same time 100 per cent anything narrows the war sermons and war lectures once a day throughout all individual and makes him a very poor sort of social eternity. There could not be any more fearful punish- human being . ment, because we lost our reason. *** PATENT PHRASES We were hating each other. We hated each other. We use these patent phrases to keep people from That is what we pass along to the little children in the thinking. kindergarten. It is not the poison gas. No, it is not the poison gas; it is that other thing, the poison propa- During the war when some one was talking about ganda that makes thinking straight impossible and keeps something you thought was irreverent or if you wanted this world a very, very crooked world. to stop any discussion or any thinking, you just said, "Well, you are pro-German," and you just hit them right If it should come again I wish I were a young man and straight between the eyes in that way. When a man could go out and clean up the enemy in the front line December 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 89 trenches by fighting because that is a clean job. But b a k e r tude 1 to stay at home and disseminate propaganda among little children, that is not a clean job; that is a dirty job. That stays with us. And that works such a terrific havoc with our whole being. S That is what we will have to do again if war comes, because at the present time it is not war between soldiers We have sold many Studebaker cars to teachers *** but war between all the people. during the past year. We offer you the best of cars and best of service. t You can't think straight when you are hating and desperately hating. SOUTH END AUTO SALES CO. 110th St. , at Michigan Ave. 1 TEACHING TO HATE Below the Hill , Roseland b Phone Commodore 0707 F. J. Zipf H. F. Zipf Of course, we have to hate; you can't help it. We have to teach our children to hate; you can't get out D of it. They have to hate vulgarity no matter where they find it; hate it in themselves and hate it everywhere. They have to hate lying and hate it in themselves and hate it everywhere. Hate, desperately hate lust; hate it Miss Dutton everywhere and hate it in themselvs. But it dos not do you any good nor does it do anybody else any good when you hate people, no matter who they are. ** * Greets You s There is one doctrine to which you can subscribe and and thanks you heartily for that is to hate militarism, to hate it and deliberately hate your generous, loyal patronage it, to hate it out of existence, and when all our children are taught how to hate it, how to hate it until it hurts, until it hurts themselves, until it hurts their very arms 1 and their eyes, then we will wipe it out of existence and then we are ready for training men so that men will sympathetically understand other people. There is noth- ONTRA CAFETERIA 00 ing more necessary to do than that, getting that sym- 123 N. Wabash Ave. 231 S. Wabash Ave. 1004 Wilson Ave. pathetic understanding of other people, knowing them and having a sympathetic and enthusiastic love for d people. The two things have got to go hand in hand. Then perhaps we shall be able to think straight. When ELIZABETH N. EICHORN d our thinking is suffused with sympathy, then we will 72 East Madison Street, Chicago understand. Telephone State 7463 ‫ا‬ GOSSARD CORSETS — LINGERIE I will tell you a story that illustrates . GIFTS ‫م‬ 10 % Discount to Teachers The other day I was in an agricultural college and the president took me through the grounds. He showed me a beautiful building which was a barn. It was the maternity hospital for pigs, a very beautiful sight, these TELEPHONE NEVADA 0217 big pigs and the little piglets. In one particular stall I Dagobert , Fleming & Shewbrook noticed one little piggy limping along. Evidently the FLORISTS mother had hurt him. By my side was the pig doctor, EXPERT DESIGNERS OF FLORAL ART but he passed it by without thinking anything about him. 3211 W. Madison Street I crossed the barrier and picked up that little piggy in NEAR KEDZIE Telegraph Delivery CHICAGO my arms . You see I had sympathy but I had no under- standing. I did not know what to do with the piggy. el The other man had understanding, but he has no sym- Teachers! ‫ا‬ pathy. You have to have both. e Will you help us keep an accurate subscrip- th fa You have to know really what is in the background, tion list by notifying us promptly of a change what is the terrible struggle of the race, of the black men Please give your old as well as in address ? who crowd our streets, of the Jews, of the Slavs, of the Italians, understand, but understand sympathetically. your new address. If you fail to receive the Bulletin or know of a teacher who does not We have to know the iabor problem but we have to get hers, will you phone us ? We will appre- understand sympathetically. Then we are ready for the ciate your co-operation in reporting any fail- P great magical task of making all men see the evident ure of the Bulletin to reach its destination . thing that we cannot live together right unless we think straight and unless we feel genuinely and deeply. *** Margaret Haley's Bulletin. Phone Central 3904. 0 th 90 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 15, 1927 Pension Board Makes How would you like Annual Statement Your Felt Hats The Teachers' Pension Board has just is- Reblocked sued its Annual Statement for the year ending into up- to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- August 31, 1927. The Statement shows a servative styles. Small or extremely large Reserve Fund of $4,576,675. The interest on headsizes . We have them. We are manu- facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- this Reserve Fund and on bank deposits ing Department has access to the best amounted to over $220,000. Deductions from shapes . A trial will convince you of our efficient service . payrolls amounted to more than $405,000. Receipts from all sources amounted to Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. $1,518,694.81, in addition to the money re- ceived from matured bonds. The expense of administration, including printing, clerical service, attorney's fees, etc., was $16,339.73. Thos. E. McElroy Co. STEVENS BLDG. There were 1,096 persons drawing pension FINE FURS Remodeling-Storage -Repairing in June, 1927, including 83 disability annuit- We Call for Storage ants . The Pension Board paid out $903,000 in STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 pensions during the year. There are 12,238 contributors and 230 non-contributors in the IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST service. We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and Permanent Waving HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR DITTO ESTABLISHED 1905 SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. A boy in school was asked to write a com- Phones : Edgewater 4674-4675-Broadway at Wilson position on a goose, and here is the result : "The goose is a low, heavy-set bird, composed Edna Herron mostly of meat and feathers. His head sets on PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER one end, and he sets on the other. He cannot Literary Work a Specialty sing much on account of the moisture in which Experienced in preparation of Manuscript for publication 1114 American Bond & Mortgage Building he lives . He carries a toy balloon in his 127 North Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Dearborn 4814 Reference as to reliability , Bulletin Office stomach to keep from sinking. A goose has two legs, and they set so far back on his run- ning gear that they came prettynearmissing his body. Some geese, when they get big, are JOHN J. MORAN, INC. FASHIONABLE FURS called ganders. Ganders don't have to set and Furs and Chokers for Fall. Call State 4177. Will call for storage. hatch, but just loaf, eat, and go swimming. If STORAGE : REMODELING : REPAIRING 58 East Washington Street I was a goose, I'd rather be a gander." -Youth's World. Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 399 GEORGE W. JOHNSON SUBSCRIPTION SHORTHAND REPORTER to 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation Name . .. Address (Street and Number) 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR ...... City Buy from one who KNOWS values , Subscription price $2.00 per year. and will give you an honest deal MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite F. RANKE FUR CO . 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 December 15, 1927 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 91 Teachers Consider Group Insurance ENRICI'S is famous no less A committee to be appointed by Miss Mary H for the enduring and deep M. Abbe, president of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, will make a further investigation friendships it has won than into the matter of group insurance and will for the quality of the foods report at the next Federation meeting, it was it serves and for the great decided at the meeting held Saturday, Decem- ber 10. volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- Miss Vera Reynolds of the Continental Cas- day, before the matinee, it is the great ualty company talked to the Federation and central meeting place. explained the various phases of group insur- ance . Members present appeared very much in- terested and instructed Miss Abbe to appoint a committee to make further investigation. HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS , PRESIDENT I'M NAPOLEON Booth Tarkington, while seated in the coach 67 W. Randolph St. of a westbound train, was accosted by a young Between Dearborn and Clark Streets lad selling books and magazines . Tarkington beckoned to the boy, asking, " What have you worth reading, son ?" No orchestral din The youngster scanned his wares and re- plied : " Here's a good novel called 'The Gen- tleman from Indiana,' by Booth Tarkington. " Whereupon the novelist remarked “Well- er, it happens that I am Booth Tarkington ; I A Holiday Suggestion wrote that novel . " In selecting your Christmas gifts your small- The lad, taken momentarily with surprise, est purchases are quite as important to you as your large ones . quickly responded : " Then how about ' Three In either case you want to get the most you Weeks' by Elinor Glyn ! You ain't Elinor can for what you wish to spend. The Harry J. Baby Company offers you this Glyn, are you ?" opportunity by inviting you to do your Christ- -Chicago Tribune. mas shopping in our quiet upstairs store, where our values assure you of a decided saving be- cause of our low rent and rapid turnover of stock. You will find here an unusual assortment of ‫ل‬ FOR RENT : Fine, well furnished room, suit- gifts , of guaranteed quality at a wide range in able for teachers, in modern apartment. Pri- price, which will be shown to you by thor- oughly competent people who are qualified to vate family. Excellent transportation. 3125 intelligently advise you and assist you in your purchases. Washington Boulevard. Nevada 6345. We invite you to call just as early as you can. Merchandise selected now will be held until Christmas if you desire. R MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN A varied and extensive assortment of D MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher Bridge Prizes, 50 cents up , Costume Jewelry , $ 1.50 up MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, HARRY J. BÂBY COMPANY 15 Cents. DIAMONDS , WATCHES, JEWELRY 1 CLOCKS , STATIONERY, SILVERWARE LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to 703 HEYWORTH BLDG . the order of 29 E. Madison Street, Corner Wabash Avenue MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American CHICAGO 0 Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicagc Tel . Randolph 0218-0219 Phone Central 3904 92 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN December 15, 1927 To whom it may concern My Dear Mr. Advertiser: As a business proposition- Is a three million dollar monthly payroll buy- ing power worth considering as a market for your wares? Is a 13,000 audience an asset to you in the dis- position of your product? Is a high class, reliable clientele that knows what it wants and wants the best, a stimulus to your business? If these things are worth considering , you may attain them by letting Margaret HALEY'S BULLETIN relay your message to ALL the teachers of Chicago . The BULLETIN goes to ALL the teachers of the cit It is published twice a month . It has a guaranteed circulation of 13,000 . Its reader interest is unchallenged. Teachers ' patronage is the kind that builds . Do you want it to build YOUR business? MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 127 North Dearborn Phone Central 3904 315'28 円 NO . VOL. MargaretHaley's 6 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . January 31 , 1928 For the New Year ・・ WOULD be true, for there are those I who trust me; I would be pure, for there are those who care; I would be strong, for there is much to suffer; I would be brave, for there is much to dare . I would be friend to all, the foe, the friend- less; I would be giving and forget the gift ; I would be humble, for I know my weak- ness; I would look up, and laugh, and love, and lift . -SELECTED . (From "The Arizona Teacher," Jan. , 1928. ) 94 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 A Wealth of JOHN HAYES FRANK A. HAYES PROGRESS ] Education and Member Midwest Entertainment Radio Trades Association -first hand-via Radio We have a set for you at Hayes Hotels One Thousand a price that meets your "The Truth in Radio" purse. Homelike Rooms You gain by placing confidence in us . AMERICAN RADIO SHOP Arthur E. Anderson, Mgr . Attractive Weekly Rates 1757-59 Sunnyside Ave. Ravenswood 4741 Open 'till 10 P. M. HAYES HOTEL NORTH 420 Diversey Parkway at Sheridan 300 ROOMS Delicious Cooking 300 BATHS Charming Surroundings Moderate Prices Service from 8 A.M. to 12 Ρ.Μ. HOTEL HAYES Luncheon .$0.60 64th and University Ave. Dinner 1.00 500 ROOMS Sunday Dinner .... 1.25 JULIA KING'S COLONIAL HOTEL Tea Room 6325 Kenwood Ave. 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET 200 ROOMS How would you like Your Felt Hats FLOWERS Reblocked FOR ALL OCCASIONS into up-to-date styles? Bobbed hair or con- servative styles. Small or extremely large headsizes . We have them . We are manu- facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- ing Department has access to the best shapes. A trial will convince you of our VINCENT & MULLINS efficient service. 2119 N. ROCKWELL ST. ARMITAGE Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. Corner Milwaukee Avenue 8023 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. ELIZABETH N. EICHORN Thos . E. McElroy Co. 72 East Madison Street, Chicago STEVENS BLDG. Telephone State 7463 FINE FURS GOSSARD CORSETS – LINGERIE Remodeling-Storage-Repairing GIFTS We Call for Storage STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 10% Discount to Teachers Phones Central 2551-2552 Res . Park Ridge 399 Edna Herron GEORGE W. JOHNSON PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER SHORTHAND REPORTER Literary Work a Specialty 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago Experienced in preparation of Manuscript for publication SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND 1114 American Bond & Mortgage Building REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS 127 North Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Dearborn 4814 Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation Reference as to reliability, Bulletin Office ET - MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol. 5. No. 6 January 31 , 1928 Page 95 R To Louis F. Post-The Teachers' Friend Pending the publication of a suitable memorial to Louis F. Post, a memorial to be printed in a subsequent number of The Bulletin, the Bulletin here reprints a tribute appearing in the January 21, 1928 issue of Winnetka Talk in the column, “Public Forum.” Mr. Post, the teachers' friend, was a member of the Board of Education in Chicago from July 1, 1906 to July 1, 1909. He died Jan. 10, 1928. When Louis F. Post died the other day in before he went to Washington to act as As- Washington, America lost one of its most in- sistant Secretary of Labor under Wilson, he teresting citizens, a loss not confined to our had earned the right to rest from his long own shores but felt also in many other lands campaign. But even at Washington in what where Post, as author, lecturer, and editor of to an ordinary man would have been a sine- "The Public ," a journal of fundamental dem- cure free from responsibility he was not to ocracy, was well known and admired. find the rest he had earned . It was inevitable As founder and editor of " The Public" from that a man with Post's early training and 1898 to 1913 he labored diligently and intelli- respect for American legal principles should gently, and with the literary skill of a De refuse to permit his office to be used by any Tocqueville, to impress his countrymen with official, high or low, to imprison or deport the dignity and responsibility that is becom- men and women not found guilty of crime. ing to American citizens . His success in this Once his duty became clear to him neither endeavor is well epitomized by the verdict of threats nor popular hysteria could persuade another distinguished American, Mr. Charles Post to allow any one to use the office he ad- R. Crane, when he remarked to the writer, ministered to issue warrants of imprisonment "Lucky is the man who knows Louis F. Post. and deportation in defiance of American legal It is a liberal education to know Post." Every principles and fair play. man or woman competent to pass judgment Held Moral Law Supreme will corroborate Mr. Crane. The secret of Post's supremely successful Born in 1849 Post spent his formative years life-what it was that made the life of this ☐ in the atmosphere of those stirring times printer, lawyer, author, and economist a bless- when the rights of man ( even black men) ing to humanity is indicated by the faith he seemed more important than the rights of had in the supremacy of the moral law. In property. They were days that might be the last chapter in his “Ethics of Democracy " fairly classified as our second revival of ideal- he wrote : * * * fism, when our greatest leaders thought Free- dom a prize worth any sacrifice of blood and "Be their cause what it may, whether ma- treasure. It is not surprising that an ardent terial or moral, that of an inventor like the young idealist such as Post, baptized and unknown discoverer of fire or the forgotten fairly saturated in the philosophy of Garrison maker of the first wheel-barrow, of a perse- and Lincoln, should be actively engaged in cuted and disheartened explorer like Colum- 15 every struggle for democracy that has agi- bus, of patriots on the scaffold or of saints tated our country or the world in the last upon the rack, of the philosopher with his fifty years . deadly potion of hemlock or the Nazarene Although a lover of peace and gentle as a carpenter upon the cross-whatever the cause, HE woman, few men have had the courage and it always has conquered and always must tenacity to engage in so manybattles for free- conquer, in so far as it is inharmony with the dom as had this New Jersey Republican. Long great order of things." A. P. C. Ofe 96 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 From the Masthead by The Lookout The inequalities in the assessment of real estate in Chicago represent 29 years of lawless- ness in the Board of Assessors and the Board of Review of Cook County . The foundation of this lawlessness is persistent refusal for 24 years by these assessing boards to print their assessments of real- estate as required by law . To the Teachers of Chicago: The series of eleven articles by the under- will pay 40 times as much taxes in proportion signed on "What's Wrong in Our Schools?" to their value as other owners of buildings will printed in the Chicago Daily News in January pay. is reprinted in this issue of the Bulletin from These shocking inequalities in assessments the Daily News' type, through the courtesy of show the shifting sands on which rests the the Editor of the News . foundation of the revenue for the Chicago The appearance of these articles in January, schools, and corroborates the statement in after many essential statements contained in Article 10 of the Daily News series that the them had been corroborated by district super- schools are fighting a life and death battle intendents, principals and teachers in their against political influence. testimony against the educational policies of The order of the Illinois State Tax Commis- Superintendent McAndrew at his trial before sion, reproduced here on page 109, was issued the Board of Education, might seem to war- on January 25, 1928, directing the assessing rant the assumption that these articles were boards to obey the law and print the 1927 real prompted or inspired by that testimony. estate assessments by street names and house As a matter of fact, with the exception of numbers and to mail these lists before June 28, the last one, all these articles were in the Daily 1928 . News' office on or before November 30, two No assessments of real estate in Cook weeks prior to the presentation of the first County have been printed since the printing testimony against Mr. McAndrew's educa- of the first quadrennial assessment of 1899. tional policy ( on December 14, 1927) , by The first step for stabilizing and making these district superintendents, principals and adequate the revenue for the Chicago schools teachers. Important parts of their testimony is to stabilize the assessment of real estate. will be printed in a subsequent issue of the The first step toward that stabilizing is to see Bulletin . Meantime, comment is withheld. that the order of the State Tax Commission The graph on page 108 of this Bulletin is obeyed by the assessing boards and that the shows that in 1928 some owners of buildings money is provided by the County Board to in Chicago will pay 19 times as much taxes on print the 1927 quadrennial assessment. Turn each $100 of value as one owner of a building on the light of publicity and the rottenness in the same block will pay. and the inequalities of that assessment will be The full value fixed by the assessors in 1927 taken care of by the taxpayers . on buildings in Chicago ranges from 3 per cent to 124 per cent of the actual value of those buildings as shown by scientific appraisals just completed for the Chicago Teachers' Fed- eration. That is, some owners of buildings Marzena. Haly January 31 , 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 97 1 What's Wrong in Our Schools ? Veteran Teacher Gives Views Margaret Haley Declares Routine Drudgery Has Replaced Fundamental Purpose of Child Character No. 1 Building in Chicago At the request of many teachers and others , the Bulletin is reprinting here the series of articles which ran in the Daily News , January 3 to January 14, 1928, under the heading, “ What's Wrong In Our Schools ? Veteran Teacher Gives Views ." The articles were written by Miss Haley at the request of the News. Follow- ing is the series with the introduction by the News which appeared with each article : (As the official representative of the Chi- in its columns to arouse discussion . Miss cago Teachers ' federation. Miss Margaret Haley's views on school questions are. of Haley for years has been a close observer course, her own and some of those which and frequently a vigorous critic of policies she presents with force and sincerity are and methods employed in the public schools completely at variance with the views of of this city. She has written for The Daily The Daily News. The first of the series News a series of articles which are presented follows .) BY MARGARET HALEY . mechanics dominate the spirit of the of the last four years in the Chicago schools of Chicago today. educational system much of the edu- Chicago's public schools have lost It is a staggering thought that a cational progress of the last fifty their stride in the onward march of whole generation of children must years has been thrown into the dis- educational progress which received pass through a school system headed card. its greatest impetus under the late in the wrong direction through ad- Cites Others' Opinions. Ella Flagg Young, who, twelve years ministrative stupidity and social in- ago next December , retired as super- ertia, and must pass out into the That the public school system of intendent of the system in which she world of work before that school sys- the second city in the United States had started her career as a classroom tem can be headed again in the right has retrogressed for the four years teacher half a century before. direction . past is not alone my own personal In the fulfillment of its manifest I do not mean to imply that the opinion. It is the opinion of think- destiny as a great instrument of Chicago schools were ever wholly ing teachers throughout the system, democracy, the Chicago school sys- humanized or freed from deadening an opinion confirmed by many disin- tem has not merely slowed down to drill and drudgery. Far from it. But terested observers who compare that which passes a standstill in the last four-year be- we were headed in the right direc- for education in our riod. It is back to the '80s in every- tion. About four years ago they sud- schools today with the type of edu- denly went into reverse gear and re- cation which it supplanted. thing that promotes the great pur- turned to the dreary, lifeless round pose of education, namely the de- Save in such growth as is mani- velopment of character. of routine which made prisons of the fested by "plant expansion, improve- schools of fifty years ago, hated by ment and additions," there has been The idea that the purpose of ele- children and teachers, a place from actual retrogression to a degree that mentary education is "to prepare which both longed to escape. is disheartening to the overwhelming children for life," meaning adult life, majority among the 12,000 teachers is wrong. Childhood is life . The Began Fifty Years Ago. ‫ا‬ who survey the conditions and know most important period of the child's More than fifty years ago motivat- the causes but are powerless through school life, because the most forma- ed life activities began to replace suppression. tive, is the first five or six years in drill and drudgery in the school- What is wrong and why? They are the elementary school. And here is room; not alone because such aас- the questions that can and should be something people are prone to forget, tivities were found to be best adapt- answered without consideration of that you can never give back a child's ed to childhood, but because it was anything save the welfare of the childhood. The school system which found that drill and routine did not children in the schools. In the se- ‫با‬ for any reason is inadequate to min- produce mechanical skills that pre- ries of articles which The Daily News ister to the needs of present-day pared for adult life. It was found has afforded me the opportunity to childhood can never make up during that most of the mental equipment prepare for publication I have no de- the entire life of these children for and training that children got in the sire to enter into personal antago- that deficiency. schools of routine and drudgery were nisms or to provoke controversy as useless to them and had to be dis- such. I wish to offer my conclusions Good Childhood Insures Future. carded. as to "what's wrong with our schools" To live the best child life is the We thought that that gain to child- as one speaking from my own per- best preparation for the best adult hood had been assured for all time ; sonal observation and experience ex- life. The best child life has been that no power could ever drive from tending over many years' contact with made impossible in the Chicago pub- the schoolroom motivated activities the Chicago school system under lic schools because of the regimenta- that made children and teachers many different administrations, rath- tion and mass handling of children eager and glad to enter into work er than as the official representative forced on the teachers. The teachers that they loved-not drudgery that of any teacher organization. have been compelled to give practi- they hated-work that best served My work for the last twenty-seven cally all the time of the children to childhood and best prepared for adult years has brought me into close per- joy-killing drill and drudgery in or- life. sonal contact with the keenest minds der to train these children in certain But permanency of any educational and most courageous spirits in the mechanical skills and achievements gain is never assured in a system Chicago public school system. My an- for use, presumably, when they shall ruled by edict, where the teachers can swer to the question, "What is wrong reach adult life, with no freedom, be silenced into sullen submission to with the schools?" comes from first- time or opportunity for teachers to the power of authority of position, hand sources the classroom teachers A minster to the needs of child life . the power that can publicly proclaim of the children, the teachers whose Character building has not only "peace by edict," 100 per cent promo- voice has been stifled and opinion been neglected; it has been aban- tion by edict, 100 per cent perfection flouted. The question that will not doned, forced into the discard. School by edict. Through the retrogression down in Chicago's domestic and busi 98 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 ness life is the school question, which, "And yet," say the teachers in the The answer would be an overwhelm- like the poor, we have always with us. words of the Great Teacher, "what ing "No" from a tremendous major- City's Leading Enterprise. doth it profit a man if he gain the ity of the 12,000 teachers, if put to The Chicago school system, with whole world and lose his own soul?" them individually or collectively in nearly 500,000 children enrolled in What does it avail to safeguard the a way that would permit a free, can- the more than 300 schools of the city, material side of the investment in did answer. There never has been a constitutes Chicago's most important the school sysem while failing to time when the teaching body has be- enterprise and greatest investment safeguard the spiritual ? come so disheartened with the alarm- materially and spiritually. It has ing trend toward deprivation of edu- been the part always of public-spir- The school question involves just cational opportunity for children as ited citizens and education boards to one issue: Do the Chicago schools during the four-year period just end- safeguard the system on the material provide for the welfare of the chil- ing. investment side. dren? Daily News , Jan. 3, 1928 Educational Leadership at Low Ebb Because Autocratic Rules Discourage Initiative in the Classroom, Margaret No. 2 Haley Believes Leadership is at a low ebb in the the teaching body to violent modifi- leadership until you have a chance Chicago public school system because cations of the methods of teaching, it for the whole teaching body to func- education in the elementary class- has seemed a hopeless task. tion as teachers. We are going room has become autocratic instead through a stage in the Chicago school Calls System Unnatural. of democratic. The pressure of ideas School life is not natural under the system where teachers are expected is downward from the superintendent to conform silently to conditions they to the pupil, rather than an upward present system. Children are herded, know to be wrong-criminally wrong flow from the classroom through the forty-eight and more to a classroom, and there is no chance for them to when it is considered that children teacher. cannot and will not acquire the fun- live and learn in a normal , natural "I want to make the school the damentals of life and education under way. Thus is superimposed on them great instrument of democracy," Mrs. and on the teachers an environment such a system. Ella Flagg Young said some months that checks-where it does not choke Our greatest trouble in Chicago has before she retired from the super- -the intelligent development of ideas been that the school has grown away intendency in 1915. which is the true educational from the community. The people "Some day the system will be such have not understood that the things that the child and teacher will go method. we have gained in education we can to school with elastic joy. At home It is keeping school-not teaching lose-and do lose them in the turn- in the evening the child will talk school . about the things done during the day In the formative years a pupil ing of a wheel. and will talk with pride. I believe spends in the first five grades the Reaction to Be Avoided. that every child should be happy in teacher must be far more than a There is no greater joy in all the school . So we have tried to substi- keeper or an attendant. Foster-parent to forty-eight or more bright, eager, world than to participate in educa- tute recreation for drill. We have tional activity, either as student or tried to correct bad physical condi- inquisitive and impressionable children teacher, but all the joy has gone out tions. what chance has even the most earn- of life for teachers who have to fight "We have tried to recognize types est and enthusiastic teacher to estab- for the right to teach the children. of mind as a mother does among her lish contact, recognize types of mind Educational progress is not safe for own children. In order that teach- in children with whom she is only in a single moment when a single reac- ers may delight in awakening the contact for brief, shifting periods tionary in the superintendent's posi- spirits of children they must them- punctuated by the clanging of bells. It is not natural life and it is not tion in a single year can throw the selves be awake. We have tried to whole system of education back twen- free the teachers ." education and there is no chance for tiy- five, thirty-five, even fifty years. Teacher Once Was Leader. development. In the platoon schools where the pupils move from seat to In her book entitled "Isolation in Under Mrs. Young's educational seat and room to room under the so- the School," Ella Flagg Young says democracy the Chicago classroom called work-study-play plan," there that under such conditions in the teacher was an all-important unit-a is no natural reaction to teaching, schools "there is room for only one leader of thought, molder of character They-the pupils and teachers alike of two attitudes in the teaching body, and interpreter of intellectual ideas -are suppressed and the natural either subserviency or rebellion." Of the two Mrs. Young made it perfectly and ideals to the members of a class initiative and spontaneity of young of children with whom she had con- children are all taken out of them by clear that rebellion is preferable. stant contact. Chicago teachers may be silent, but the time they reach the eighth grade Under present conditions with a -if they live through it. they are not subservient and they are superintendent who does not think in rebellious against a system of educa- Opposes Shifting Classes. terms of democracy, the classroom tion that is intolerable to intelligent teacher is a cog in a vast machine of Now here are the teachers, a silent educators. There is organized rebel- many moving parts, operated from mass cut off from any real continu- lion against the reactionary teaching above. Initiative in either pupil or a ing contact with any particular group methods they have been compelled to teacher is submerged in a maze of of children by reason of the restless carry out under an autocratic system mass instruction and administrative shifting of classes from room to of school supervision. red tape under the guise of supervi- room, overwhelmed by big classes in One thing is certain ; if the judg- sion and efficiency. crowded schoolrooms . They are not ment of the teachers of Chicago is For four years past the public and supposed to function as free, un- sound the Chicago school children the school teachers of Chicago have trammeled minds aiding in the de- in the elementary grades are not been fighting for the right to teach. velopment of the children in their being properly taught, and we are Face to face with futile and radical charge-they have been made auto- cheating the childhood of this city changes in the character of class- matons, and the children unfinished out of opportunities to which above room instruction, superimposed by a parts placed on the conveyor belt like all other considerations childhood is superintendent who saw no reason for the nuts and bolts in a Ford factory. entitled. obtaining the intelligent reaction of You will never have educational Daily News, Jan. 4, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 99 January 31, 1928 Margaret Haley Sees Four Years of Children's Lives Wasted by Present Regime of Crowding, "Platoons" and Excessive No. 3 Reports on Pupils Progress 12 1 Four years of a child's life wasted been ill or out of school for other forty-six or forty-eight children a between the ages of 6 and 14 may reasons. Mass instruction prevails in change rooms at regular intervals, Chicago today and the individual pu- passing on to other teachers or o mean very much more to the men and women of tomorrow than ten pil who survives it is an example of playground, auditorium or gymnasium years in later life. the ' survival of the fittest. " each period. This teacher, a woman whose supe- Without discussing here the ad- Those fleeting years of the early formative period in which character-rior attainments are such that mere ministrative and instructional com- building, through elementary educa- mention of her name would identify plexities this plan of teaching in- tion, begins, are all-important in the her to nearly everybody in the teach- volves, it is apparent at a glance how development of the child. Yet for ing force, says she, too, is being much less chance the child in a pla- of keeping nearly four years past the public "deadened," that the tasktheir toon school has to be understood by his teachers, much less to be stimu- school system of Chicago has been her children interested, spon- worse than wasteful of the time of taneity alive and their minds quick- lated to greater iterest and effort a terrific task. If she is ened is along the line of his particular tal- those hundreds of pupils passing ents. through the elementary grades. "deadened " and discouraged, heaven If a teacher cannot teach intelli- It is not mere "scolding" to say the help the thousands of others who have less character, experience, men- gently and uninterruptedly a child children are being cheated out of op- cannot be taught thoroughly and in tal equipment and enthusiasm to sus- portunities and the right to a real tain them . a manner that will develop his abil- education if it can be shown that the ity, personality and character. There- time of teachers and classes has been Tax System at Fault. fore that child is being cheated of the wasted-or worse . chance to learn anything but the most Congestion in the schools, of S I have said, and I shall show , why course, cannot be blamed upon the rudimentary and formal things; the the teachers feel that nearly four smattering of schooling that sticks in years have been wasted. If, perforce, present school administration, the su- a mind made machine-like by repeti- the public schools of Chicago have perintendent or the board of educa- tion is negligible. failed in their purpose that fact is tion, any more than it can be charged High School Made Difficult. chargeable to several causes, begin- to the previous regime exclusively. That is due primarily to our anti- Every four years nearly 50 per cent ning with the congestion in classes 1 and shortage of seats a continuous quated taxation system and its utter- of all the children in the elementary condition since the war. ly indefensible methods of enforce- schools go from the elementary 1 No teacher, to begin with, can sit ment. It is not with congestion and schools, some to the high schools ; seat shortage that the teachers are many thousands leave the system to in a schoolroom filled to overflowing first concerned. become bread- winners for their fam- with a class of fifty -two children and teach . It is the fact that in the last four ilies. To those that go on, high school years the whole system of instruc- is certain to seem much more diffi- Opinion of One Teacher. tion has been changed in such a re- cult than to the elementary school 1 In just such a room with fifty-two actionary manner that initiative an graduates of Ella Flagg Young's time children-four children more than the individuality in either pupil or teach- or those who passed on during Peter forty- eight seats in the schoolroom- er are suppressed or destroyed. Mortenson's superintendency when one of the most competent, gifted In a room, restless under routine the elementary schools enjoyed a rich women in the Chicago teaching body and repetition inevitable to "100 Per- and flexible course of instruction that has been trying to teach with two centing"; with all emphasis placed did not oppress the spirit or depress children sitting on a piano bench and upon constant "drilling" in arithme- the minds but gave opportunity for every seat taken day after day. tic, spelling and penmanship, the development of individuality and per- "These children are being cheated," teaching of English, history and geog- sonality in pupil and teacher cultural subjects-has she said to me and her situation is raphy-the To those children whom economic not isolated. "It is not alone the been subordinated to a point that is crowding into quarters so close that it pathetic; pathetic because the child necessity forceleaving mayafter earners soon to become wage the lower V stifles thought, but they are being compelled to cover ground over and grades the actual time wasted in the deadened mentally by the emphasis over again is being deprived of a full, Chicago schoolroom of today and of on school mechanics now dominating fair and free course of study. the last four years, may mean much the system. Too Many Reports Required. more . Their former contact with "The deadening influence of rcu- Not only are the teachers and pu- thought-provoking content and ex- tine repetition is plain. The teachers, as well as the pupils, are oppressed pils oppressed by routine and repeti- periences has been superseded by such tion but the former's time is taken a superficial schooling the barest me- by routine under a system of teach- chanics of education, arithmetic, up and her attention distracted by 1 ing that requires every member of the demand for statistics and con- spelling and penmanship-that the every class to be 100 per cent perfect in a certain arithmetic or spelling test stant reports unprecedented in school tragedy of being only half taught will history . Separate and distinct re- seriously handicap them for life. before the class as a whole can go on ports on the progress of every child in They are being lock-stepped into to other ground. every subject taught must be made life out of the classroom, these chil- "If only one or two children in a every day and recorded. dren, without that rich experimental class of fifty fail to make a mark A teacher constantly keeping rec- of 100 per cent in the test given, nev- education which formerly character- ertheless the whole class must con- ords and writing reports cannot be ized the schools of Chicago ; cheated doing very much teaching. Petty and out of the chance to lay a firm tinue studying the same subject mat- ter all over. multifarious making and keeping of foundation on one hand for further records take time and are not teach- education in high school and college, Individual Is Neglected. ing, yet it is one of the most rigid of and on the other of attaining those requirements for principals as well attitudes and habits essential to the "There is no chance to give individ- as teachers . ual instruction in a classroom crowd- young aspirant in business and indus- ed to its corners, no chance to help In the " platoon" schools-some six- try. the slow child, the children who have ty of them-the classes comprising Daily News, Jan. 5 1928 100 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 Margaret Haley Declares Recent Emphasis on Perfection Keeps Pupils Moving in Lockstep, the Bright No. 4 Chained to the Dull Standardization of school children, made under Mr. McAndrew's superin- loss of interest in their studies of the on any such scale as the Chicago tendency to find out how the chil- so-called " fundamentals" on the part school system now knows and con- dren in the grammar grades are re- of pupils in practically every Chi- forms to, means just one thing : The acting to the teaching of the so- cago classroom, all teachers with immature minds of the young children called cultural subjects, i. e., English , whom I have talked are agreed. They tha make up the fourth, fifth , sixth, history, geography, etc Instead there say, too, that they are constantly be- seventh and the eighth grades are has been concentration on what is ing called upor to defend their teach- given no chance to go faster than the called " fundamentals "-and how ? ing methods to mothers of the chil- pace set by the slowest child among class of children entering school dren in their classes who have been a class-they are moving along in in September might make a grade of quick to detect the deadening of a lockstep! 85 on a given test in spelling or child's interest in school . Is it the fault of the teachers and arithmetic. That is to say forty- two No harder task confronts the teach- principals under a system where one out of forty-six students in a sixth er than trying to teach children wil superimposes itself upon teacher grade class might spell correctly fifty things which she herself knows are and those taught, down to the last words or do problems perfectly in long wrong, because the minds of the chil- child in every classroom? Should re- division and multiplication. Four or dren are mostly marking time and sponsibility for a reactionary system five pupils might and probably their individuality is lost in lock-step. of school teaching rest with those would-fail. whose warnings were disregarded Throughout the Chicago school sys- The 85 per cent who proved their tem teachers, trying to carry out or- when the whole plan of school or- ability at the outset of the year must ders they know are inherently ganization was changed three and a wait until four or five stragglers may wrong , are either breaking down in had years ago ? make 100 per cent in the same phase health and spirit because they have Not only the little ones are lock- of the same subject. continued to give all the energy and stepping but 12,000 mature men and Anything wrong with a system of enthusiasm to listless, overcrowded women of the teaching force for teaching that not only makes the classes or they have adjusted them- whose many years of experience , in- minds that succeed in a test the first selves ! That is to say, they don't timate knowledge of Chicago school time mark time but goes further and teach-they just keep-school. conditions and considered judgment forces them to lockstep with the lag- no respect has been shown. So far gards over the same subject matter Children "Adjusting" Selves. as their opinions on the organiza- once or twice-twenty or an indef- Children, quick to react to wrong tio. of their own schools was con- inite number of times ? as well as right conditions in which certed the 300 or more principals in Consider the plight of the teacher they find themselves, are " adjusting" Chicago schools are lock-stepping whose iron- clad instructions are that too. Any teacher will tell you, as with their teachers and pupils. every pupil in her class must get 100 they tell me every day, that her chil- Within my memory this has been per cent every day in a written test in the only administration to reach dren are less responsive to the things the so-called fundamentals , addition, that formerly caught and held their right into each and every classroom subtraction, multiplication or division interest, that class and school spirit ana to compel conformity. and spelling ! Every teacher knows Conformity with what? With noth- and mental development have been it is so impossible of accomplishment slowly lessening. ing more nor less than one man's that it is absurd and criminal to de- Much more of the teacher's time fads and fancies, with a rigidity of mand it. mind and method that has driven in school is taken away from teach- Sees Inevitable Dullness . ing and spent in maintaining order the teachers' good sense and judg- ment off the job. The truth is that Inevitably on immature minds the and discipline a great deal ir making the whole Chicago school system has effect of so much repetition, so much and keeping "records of daily prog- been going along under the lash. rigid routine. is to dull their wits ress" which are meaningless, and and make them weary. In such a twice as much time and energy out- Primary Grades Exempt. conception of education the emotional side the classroom as ever before is In the first three grades the chil- element is entirely eliminated from given over to the correction of papers. dren have not so far been subjected teaching or learning. There is no "Two - thirds of the time that ought to the standardization that in the motive power at work in a mind com- to be given to teaching we are frit- upper classes would reduce pupils to pelled to cover the same ground over tering away on futile and foolish rou- robots and their teachers to automa- and over again twice every day. tine," one teacher told me. "We're tons. From the fourth grade on Without motivation, all educators are trying to make standardized students there is no more flexibility to teach- agreed, a student does not learn. He by machine methods and losing any ing than in automobile assembling. merely memorizes, and temporarily at ability to teach or learn in the At no time in three and a half that. process ." years past has any attempt been That there has been a significant Daily News , Jan. 6, 1928 Chaos Rules, Says Miss Haley ; She Blames Overcrowding, Infliction of " Spy System" and Unnecessary No. 5 Small Details In a school system such as Chica- "After you have passed the thirty mark, they all agree, you teach them go's, committed to makeshift methods mark in a classroom it doesn't make in a great group and it is not indi- of education such as the double- much difference whether there are vidual instruction." shift, platoon plan and extreme de- forty or fifty. You then begin to The above was quoted in a meet- partmentalization, it is not stretching have more or less of a mob ! things to say "Chaos Is King ." "Educators have agreed that thirty ing of the school management com- Particularly is that true when to is about all a teacher can take care mittee of the board of education- confusion of aims and methods is of in a class and get good work and not by me or any other opponent of added the inevitable unrest and dis- that has been proved in these sur- the platoon or other makeshifts, but turbance due to overcrowding and the veys and researches and educational by Mrs. Helen M. Hefferan, school oppression of spirit incident to auto- laboratories in the last quarter of a trustee and one of the strongest sup- cratic school management. century. After you pass the thirty porters of Superintendent William January 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 101 McAndrew's mechanized system of paint boxes, pens and pencils, rub- ports" for each pupil each day, re- school organization. bers, raincoat and other belongings, quests for marks or tests to say noth- One of the things radically wrong feels it most acutely in the platoon ing of the regular daily correction of with our school system is that we school . Shifting from room to room class papers . have board members who believe to playground, to auditorium, there is Over and above all the congestion thirty to be the maximum member- no continuity of thought in a class. and the constant distraction of over- 1 ship, who nevertheless lend the In the departmentalized schools, reporting and correcting papers, is an weight of their support to a system where teachers specialize and ex- intensely shapened system of super- 二選 of school organization that promises change classes at forty-five-minute vision and inspection that harasses to perpetuate congestion, overcrowd- intervals, there may be less disturb- principals, teachers and pupils alike. ing, confusion and chaos. ance and disorder than in the platoon Principals are under orders to "keep Consider the Teacher. school, because the children are older out of the office and in the class- 11 If beyond the thirty-mark in the and classes can be better organized. room." primary or elementary classroom Yet the turmoil and chaos of a sys- Pity the Poor Principal. "you begin to have more or less of a tem of makeshift method is every- Under threat of receiving " a black - mob" as Mrs. Hefferan believes, con- where in evidence, teachers tell me. mark" if found in the office by one ‫ا‬ sider the case of almost every one of For nearly four years a condition of of Mr. McAndrew's omniscient "in- the 7,000 elementary teachers now chaos has prevailed, because the time spectors," the principal prowls about trying to teach in Chicago's schools. chosen to reorganize teaching meth- his school, passing from room to room 0 Many are trying to hold the interest ods and embark on a vast experiment, and adding to the difficulty of teach- 1 and attention of forty-eight, fifty, such as the platoon system, was the ing in each room with his periodic even fifty-four children. All of them period when overcrowding of the presence. Inspectors pop in and out of schools and classrooms intent are attempting to teach from forty- schools was at its peak. five to forty-eight pupils and in During the entire four years of the upon such infinitesimal matters as what an atmosphere ! Dever administration, this reorgani- finding principals out of their offices Last June the official records of zation transition of the school system or to see if torn paper on classroom the board of education showed that was taking place. A new board of or corridor floors has been picked up. Σ there were 53,000 children in Chi- education, a new superintendent of One of the instructions given to E cago schools not provided with a seat schools and a radically differented- district superintendents was to tear in a schoolroom. An average of about ucational program came into being paper and scatter it on the floor of 11,000 new children is added each at a time when there was the greatest schoolrooms and corridors, then stand year. The official records show that seat shortage in the history of the by and count the number of children the board of education must build schools. who passed it by without picking up twenty- four new elementary schools Nowhere has the confusion been the pieces ! In at least one estab- 1 every year for the next five years to greater or more continuous than at lished case, I am informed, a teacher headquarters of the educational de- was marked down because a school relieve the overcrowding and take ४ car of the annual addition of 11,000 partment as well as in the board of inspector saw several pieces of paper new pupils. education itself. Never in twenty- on the floor and reported "there must Unrest Adds to Chaos. seven years can I recall such uncer- have been disorder in that room or Classroom chaos is not the creature tainty among teachers and principals that paper would not have been on さ alike as to what may emanate next the floor." of congestion alone. More oppressive from the superintendent's office. to the mind than an overcrowded In another instance a principal was Daily demands for reports, graphs , room and the confusion of constantly statistics, tests in so-called funda- called to the superintendent's office to make a personal explaantion of changing classes that tax her energy mental subjects, records of "civic in attempting to keep order, is the services" by the children to which why a dead cat, reported to have sense of uncertainty and unrest per-teachers were required to certify, been seen by a school inspector in the vading the public schools and dis- flowed from the superintendent's of- school yard, had not been removed. turbing the teacher. fice in an unending stream . The or- It is that sort of thing that weighs The calm, undisturbed atmosphere dinary duties of teaching, already heavily on men and women in over- that should surround the schoolroom augmented by increase of numbers in crowded schools and classrooms is gone. The child moving from room classes, teachers were bombarded by where chaos is king. to room, carrying his books, rulers, demands for individual "progress re- ✔ Daily News, Jan. 7, 1928 McAndrew Charged with Destruction of Only Democratic 1 Medium for Presentation of Teachers ' Views No. 6 on Methods . Democracy is dead in the Chicago of an administration that from its same Mr. McAndrew who told the school system or rather, it is in a beginning near: four years ago has members of the Chicago Teachers' state of suspended animation. refused to recognize the right of the federation twenty-five years ago last teaching body to be heard in school Feb. 24 : This is not my opinion-merely an affairs save through the most mili- "The means of education ! That is outside viewpoint, if you will. Nor tary of channels . what you are, teachers of Chicago. is it alone the almost unanimous con- It is not my intention nor my in- Everything else in your school sys- viction of the teachers. One mem- clination to impute everything wrong tem is merely accessory. A school- ber of the board of education ap- in the Chicago school system to Su- house is nothing but a place ; course pointed and reappointed to that body perintendent William McAndrew. of study, books and apparatus are by Former Mayor Dever declared: He is, perhaps, no more charge- merely tools ; principals, supervisors, " I feel ashamed of the schools of able for certain conditions that have superintendents and school boards are Chicago when I think that the teach- been and continue to be the curse only necessary evils, due to your va- ers have less to say about their work of an educational system than any riety of views When it comes to the than has the humblest sewing girl one else who has ever held the posi- actual processes of education you are in the manufacture of garments. How tion of superintendent of schools essentially it. This is the age of can we raise free citizens in a democ- But for the destruction of that machinery and our people have some- racy when the guides and directors democratic spirit which existed dur- times thoughtlessly assumed that a of our boys and girls are allowed ing Mrs. Ella Flagg Young's regime machine in charge of some high- no democracy in the school system ? " and continued to grow under Peter priced superintendent could educate Trustee James E. Mullenbach de- A. Mortenson there can be nobody children. livered himself of this arraignment to blame but Mr. McAndrew--the "If that principle is to apply to 102 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 schools we might as well get phono- calling of the councils by the super- had been had upon the results of an graphs to do the teaching and strap intendent. investigation conducted by a commit- the children down to seats, releasing Called Only Once. tee of teachers in cities such as De- them all at a proper hour by an elec- Only once, in February, 1924, did troi , where the work-study-play tric shock ." Mr McAndrew voluntarily comply plan has been thoroughly demon- Destroyed Only Medium. with the board of education rule strated. requiring him to call the council into Teachers' Vote Ignored. All that and much more from the session . Functioning for the last time man under whose administration as as free and independent mediums The vote of the teaching body on supcrintendent of Chicago's school for expressing teacher thought and the platoon plan was ignored. system the voice of the teacher has opinion, the councils went over- In the case of the platoon system been silenced in the teachers' official whelmingly on record as opposing the voice of the teaching body was councils . Almost at the outset of his the introduction of the platoon sys- ignored the councils and because term Mr. McAndrew destroyed the tem and so reported to the superin- showed themselves to be an inde- tendent. pendent, intelligent medium of ex- only democratic medium through The death knell of the councils was pression and criticism rather than a which the teaching body could bring to the superintendent and board of sounded April 22, 1924, when Super- silent, submissive and subservient intendent McAndrew in a bulletin to body they were killed. education their first-hand judgments the principals notified them that it In the killing the only intelligent as to teaching methods and educa- did not seem to him to be a good contact between teachers and admin- tional policies. time to call the councils and no call istration was destroyed and in the Since 1923, when Mrs. Ella Flagg was issued. Mr. McAndrew receded denial of the right of teachers to Young gave them official status and from this position and with great re- recognition as educators and quali- recognition, the teachers' councils luctance called the councils on May fied critics of what's wrong with our met on school time and without any 9, 1924 The councils as an official school system the only democratic adrainistrative officers being present and professional part of the school institution in this city's school system . Young insisting that "the system ceased to exist in September, -Mrs was destroyed . voice of authority of position not only 1924. When Mr. McAndrew again re- Until councils of this type, unfet- must not dominate but must not be fused to call them in December, 1924, tered by the presence of principals heard in the councils ." and the board of education refused or superintendents and undominated Continuously then until April, 1927, to pass the order introduced in the by administrative officials, are re- the councils met regularly, once each boaro directing Mr. McAndrew to stored there can be no free, unin- semester of ten weeks, for the free call the councils as provided in the fluenced evaluation by the teachers discussion of educational policies and rules of the board, it had registered of school methods and policies. the expression of opinions as to the the judgment of the thousands of To replace the democratic system efficiency or desirability of teaching classroom teachers against an edu- of official councils the superintendent practices. In 1921 Superintendent cational policy to which the board of has set up a small conglomerate group Mortenson added local councils to the education and its superintendent had of principals, teachers and various general council plan of Mrs. Young, committed the school system in ad- kinds of supervising officers known and in the two succeeding years the vance-the platoon plan ! as the Chicago Public School Teach- thirty- nine councils for high school It was no snap judgment that the ers' Council. It has done nothing to and elementary teachers were given teachers' councils rendered in the justify its existence and cannot be- stili more definite standing and case of the platoon school , for the cause it is the creature of autocratic granted greater responsibility by the thirty-nine district councils, compris- power devised to simulate democracy adoption of a rule by the board of ing all the classroom teachers, had in education. education making mandatory the voted only after the fullest discussion Daily News, Jan. 9, 1928 Miss Haley Denounces "Platoon Plan," in Use Here, as Indefensible ; "Garyizing of Education," She Calls No. 7 It, Citing Defects . What is a platoon school ? on the playground, " dumped" in the Beach, Cal . , address an audience in "Exactly the factory system applied gymnasium or basement, and "herd- Chicago in which were at least two to the education of the child," said ed" in the auditorium, waiting until enthusiastic platoonist members of Miss Rose Pesta, Chicago elemen- other children occupying the seats in the Chicago board of education. That tary principal and the only represent- the classrooms move out and give superintendent said that in one of the ative from the elementary schools them a chance to move in . platoon schools under his supervision on the first platoon commission ap- one teacher took care of ten shifts In order that the same 33 1-3 per pointed by the Chicago board of cent of the children may not be kept of 120 children each, a total of 1,200 education Dec. 12, 1923 . waiting for a classroom longer than different children every day in an auditorium . This statement was made by Miss from thirty to forty-five minutes at Pesta in her minority report, which a time all the children in the platoon Think of one teacher taking care as a member of that commission she school rotate, at regular intervals, of 1,200 children a day every day made to the board June 25, 1924, after from room to room and from teacher for five days a week for ten months a personal investigation and study of to teacher. In this way all the chil- of the year ! That superintendent. the platoon school in such eastern in- dren take their turn at occupying who was an enthusiastic advocate of dustrial centers as Pittsburgh and classroom space and parking space in the platoon school, had the grace to the platoon school . add that the teacher's name was Miss Detroit, especially the latter city, Iron. where the platoon organization is How Plan Works Out . worked out most thoroughly. The teachers in the platoon school Children as young as 6 years of who teach at all, teach subjects, not What is a platoon school ? age have from six to seven teachers children. They cannot even know A plan of organization of an ele- a day, and from twelve to thirteen the names of the children, much less mentary school by which from 331-3 teachers a week ; one teacher handles teach them. The child is lost in the to 40 per cent more children are en- 400 different pupils in one day and shuffle. To the tune of clanging bells rolled in a school than there are about 1,000 during the week. A few each half hour, the distracted chil- seats in classrooms in that school. weeks before the adoption of the pla- dren are half taught by disheartened During the entire day from 30 to 40 toon school in Chicago I heard the and distracted teachers who know the per cent of the children are "parked" superintendent of schools of Long thing is a factoryizing process in January 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 103 which mass production and stand- investigation of its effect in other lic schools in Chicago, on whom it ardization-not education-are the cities was made to the superintendent has been ruthlessly forced, over their end and aim . in January, 1925-and suppressed ! persistent but useless protests, know That is the "work-study-play," or While responsibility for the "rigor that it is working havoc in the lives platoon plan, in brief. mortis " method of education with its of their young children. Calls It Camouflage Plan. deadening routine and repetition can The tragic story of the "putting Originating in Gary, the steel trust certainly be charged to Superintend- over" of the factory system of edu- city on the sand dunes of Indiana, ent McAndrew, he made it clear at cation, the platoon school, by a reck- and masquerading under the high the meeting of the board of educa- less and irresponsible administration, sounding title of "work-study-play" tion which authorized " an experi- is paralleled only by the "putting plan, the platoon school began as a ment" with the platoon system that over" of the junior high school in he did not intend to allow that board Chicago by the same administration 2 cowardly camouflaged financial prob- lem of school maintenance and school to put upon him the responsibility and by the same methods. It, too, housing, which was the legitimate for bringing the platoon school to was adopted as "an experiment" and outgrowth of the illegitimate and in- Chicago . established permanently without ex- 1 defensible tax situation in Chicago "The first thing you know you will perimenting or report. and elsewhere. be in the position of thinking that In the suppressed report of his own For the last three and one-half the superintendent of schools is first commission, referred to above, years the public school system of bringing a platoon system to you and appointed to study the platoon that mushroom city has furnished the wants you to try it, which is abso- plan's practical workings, Mr. Mc- 1 model for our metropolis of 3,000,- lutely contrary to the facts," McAn- Andrew was given the following ad- 000 souls ! drew said July 9, 1924, to the board vice by District Superintendent 1 The "art of taking advantage of of education. " Your own commission Zmrhal and his associates : helpless children" and powerless par- made the investigation and made its "Whatever the board of education ents reached its high-water mark in report recommending an experiment decides to do we would advise most Chicago when, under the guise of " an with the platoon system. The last urgently against force, against Co- experiment," sixty elementary schools paragraph recommends that you ex- ercion of any kind. If you want to were reorganized as platoon schools periment carefully, testing results as present it to the Chicago teachers, and put into operation within one you go along with the platoon sys- choose one school, erect one building, year after the adoption of the pla- tem." ask for volunteers and let the thing , toon school as "an experiment" and What of that careful " testing of if it is such a splendid thing, sell it- within five months after the platoon- results " intended to safeguard the in- self to the people of Chicago ." ing of the first elementary school. terests of the children in an experi- Fits McAndrew's Plan . The board of education adopted the ment with the most radical change in 1 platoon school as "an experiment" Chicago school policy ever suffered Why , then, has what started out on July 9, 1924. The Ryerson school by the system? Simply this : An un- to be "an experiment" been firmly established in the Chicago public was platooned in February, 1925. disclosed number of the elementary school system in so short a time and Superintendent McAndrew in his an- schools have been platooned and the nual report of June 30, 1925, stated "experiment" has become an estab- before it had even begun to "sell it- self to the people of Chicago" ? that sixty elementary schools had lished policy without any opportunity 1 been reorganized on platoon plans. for protest ever having been granted Why? Because irresponsible boards 1 To date no report has ever been parents, teachers , principals or pu- of education, aping hard-boiled busi- made on the results of the so-called pils. ness men-to whom "efficiency" in the maximum use of "plant and experiment. Today, three and one- Becomes Standard Policy . equipment" overshadows the human half years after its adoption, there is With the elementary teachers' factor-have swept aside the objeс- no official report as to how many councils silenced and abolished since tions of teachers and parents, and the more than sixty elementary schools May 9 , 1924, the date on which these superintendent's own advisers. There have been Garyized. The last report councils voted overwhelmingly against is ample evidence that Mr. McAndrew was that there were sixty on June the platoon school, the platoon plan knew the platoon system was not 30, 1925 . of organization has become an es- suited to Chicago and that it would Teachers Oppose System. tablished policy, notwithstanding that never emerge from its "experimental" All this Garyizing of the Chicago the official records show it was stage if limited to a few schools. elementary schools has been in de- adopted only as " an experiment." McAndrew had seen the platoon fiance of the overwhelming sentiment If ever a failure in so-called " edu- school defeat one mayor in New against the platoon school among the cational experiment" anywhere in York . elementary classroom teachers, ex- America has been so utter and com- Unfortunately for the pupils and pressed through their councils and plete as the attempt to force the teachers of Chicago, the platoon plan in the face of the findings of Super- platoon school on the people of Chi- fits into and re-enforces McAndrew's intendent McAndrew's own commis- cago, it has escaped my notice. It is mechanicalized and regimented sys- sion, composed of four elementary not necessary to describe in detail tem which subordinates everything to 1 principals and District Superintend- the theory of the so-called "work- the industrializing of infants in the ent J. J. Zmrhal, whose adverse re- study -play" plan at this late date. schools . port of the results of an intensive The parents of the pupils of the pub- Daily News , Jan. 10, 1928 Miss Margaret Haley Attacks Factory System of Child Educa- tion Set Up During McAndrew's Term No. 8 as Superintendent. Chicago school children enter the Speaking before the National Educa- standardization of product ?" Mr. elementary schools at an average age tional association in June, 1926, his Broome inquired, then proceeded to of 5 years and leave at 14. summary seems to fit the Chicago answer his own query : schools so well that it might have " Undoubtedly to too great an ex- What "the factory system" means been written about them specifically. teni. In education as well as in man- to the mind of the immature child ufacturing, standardization and mass Tells Industry's Influence. during the plastic period spent in the production can only cheapen the elementary school has been well stat- "To what extent is school procedure product. Speeding up of manufactur- ed by Edwin C. Broome, superintend- influenced by the dominant practice ing wears out machinery but speeding ent of schools of Philadelphia. in industry-mass production and up in education results in agitation, 104 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 excitement and distraction of human training is useful, though even there possible computation of results- nerves. These cannot be repaired with the pupils instinctively rebel against anything short of 100 per cent per- a screw driver and a hammer ! it. But in the grades it is psycho- fect is failure," has been the slogan "Overcrowded classes and standard- logically as depressing as membership of the McAndrew regime. In terms ization, carried to a point that stifles in a chain gang. They come to regard of the factory, the shop, the big busi- originality in teacher and pupil are the exercise of their minds as some- ness institution he has talked of the ultimately more costly to society thing to be shunned and avoided as schools until "output" has come to than any other practices in school much as possible." mean the children, "customers" and management." That, mind you, is not my opinion "stockholders" the parents and tax- Are we industrializing the infants or snap judgment on a school policy payers, "plant efficiency" and " maxi- of the elemenary schools, committing to which I am personally opposed. It mum production" the processes of ed- them to the conveyor-belt system of is the considered and candid criticism ucation . classroom instruction-the platoon of an instructor at the University of The true teacher cannot consider school? Are we condemning the Chicago, whose school of education is the childish minds and characters in minds of little children to a process presided over by Prof. Charles H. her keeping as mere "output" and the misnamed education, so limited and Judd, the man whose influence and schoolroom a mill to grind out stand- uninspiring that they cannot escape personality has been exerted through- ardized minds in mass production. being dwarfed and stunted, fitted for out the last four years to commit If it is the end and aim of the Chi- Chicago school children to such cago public school system to turn little more than machine-parts in a big business organization? "chain gang" educational system as out as finished product each year the platoon school. merely thousands of potential parts Detroit Mother Protests. "Back to the three R's" ! To the for a vast industrial machine, then "Long lines of little children march- endless shifting and changes of "the the teaching body will willingly ad- ing-marching-marching. They look chain gang" system of schooling, the mit that they are not giving maxi- to me like nothing so much as the platoon school with its restless ro- mum efficiency in " output." lines of unfinished Fords in the fac- tating at regular intervals, has been Tinkers vs. Thinkers. tory; moving always onward, with a added the deadening repetition and screw put in here or a burr tightened routine of " 100 per cent-ing " in spell- The truth is that tinkers with there as they pass by; standardized, ing and in. the "fundamentals" of thought and the processes of educa- arithmetic tion, rather than thinkers, have for mechanical, pitiful." These are the words spoken by a Detroit mother, in Back to the mechanics of educa- three and one-half years been busy- protest against the platoon school , tion with the eternal and infernal ing themselves with an extraordinary from which she felt compelled to harking on impossible 100 per cent experiment. They have tried to withdraw her children . computation for every child, every make the Gary plan for industrializ- day, and an immeasurable and ir- ing the infants in a one - industry Is it the purpose of elementary in- reparable loss to the children and community, such as the steel center, struction in the public schools, of to the teachers of the cultural and fit the educational needs of a great even such a great industrial center as Chicago, to provide little cogs for spiritual values. metropolis like Chicago . large commercial and manufacturing "No 100 Per Cent. " They have been busy "sampling" organizations ? "If the child has made an honest and testing minds of little children Listen to James Weber Linn, Uni- effort to accomplish his task, smile in the same manner that great em- versity of Chicago professor, and a upon him and go ahead. Don't wait ployers of labor test their laborers commentator on Chicago affairs in for the 100 per cent. There is no and they have done everything possi- one of the morning newspapers as to such thing anyway," Angelo Patri, ble to depress those little minds to a what the factory system of education internationally- known educational low level of mediocrity by standard- means . ization and routine. It would be un- Of the platoon school he authority, said in The Daily News of endurable were it not that there are says : March 3 , 1926. But we have not had signs that the tinkers are through Prof. Linn Deplores Trend. an Angelo Patri as superintendent of and that thinkers may once again schools in Chicago these last four "The tendency to systematize edu- take up their task of developing cation in young children seems to me years . minds and molding character under unfortunate-almost to fatality. In "In business, in industry in the a sane system of teaching. high school, in college, system in arithmetic of life there is only one Daily News, Jan. 11, 1928 Emphasis on " Three R's" Looked Upon as Rip Van Winkle Idea in Education. Discounting Value of Cultural No. 9 Subjects for Mechanical Progress. The McAndrew regime in the Chi- would be the first to see that such per cent in addition, subtraction, cago public schools, with its slogan, an old Rip of the medical profession multiplication, division, and spelling, "Back to the Three R's ! " has been, of leave instanter, are got a ticket imposed upon children every day of and still is being, heralded to the the very people who, for the last four every week as a test of the schools' world as a great educational admin- years, have been banner-bearers for success in training the future citi- istration . the Rip Van Winkle of the teaching zens of Chicago may bespeak a great The teachers of Chicago know that profession, the man who, raising the and practical educational adminis- the so -called educational program of cry, "Back to the Three R's ! " put tration to those who think of educa- the McAndrew regime was a counter- over the basest counterfeit education- tion in terms of automatic processes feit. al program that was ever put over on in a factory. That was Superintend- No Rip Van Winkle of the medical a body of helpless children, protest- ent McAndrew's so -called educational profession , raising the cry, "Back to ing teachers and bewildered parents ; program. Leeches and Blood-Letting ! " would and he did it with the help of an ap- But the teachers of Chicago know, be given a free ticket to noon lunch- plauding press and acquiescent, if and the thinking fathers and moth- eons of exclusive men's clubs nor aft- not admiring, business men and club ers do not need to be told, that the ernoon teas of women's clubs, to ex- women-the Chicago Knights and soul of any educational system lies pound the science of surgery. He Ladies of the Lance and Leech in in the cultural subjects; that efforts would be given a free ride to the education. to secure skill and facility in the psychopathic hospital or a free ticket Opposes " Mechanical Drill." mechanics of reading, writing, spell- back to Sleepy Hollow . Unmotivated mechanical drill to ing, and arithmetic-the tool sub- But the people in Chicago who reach a standard requirement of 100 jects should be incidental to, and January 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 105 grow out of, motivated activities ; at a hearing before a committee of schools that were unfitting the chil- these have purpose, interest, and the house of representatives in the dren; that they had noticed that the emotional appeal for the child; that Illinois legislature. On that occa- children who came to them from the the cultural subjects-history, geog- sior. Mr. Leviss, one of the owners of schools where they did not have these raphy, literature, music, art-have the Aiton Glass Works in Alton, Ill., subiects were willing to stay with content and spiritual values which made a statement to the members of them and were contented. furnish the foundation for develop- the hous committee which I shall The subjects which Mr. Leviss ing and training the best kind of hu- never forget. found had unfitted the children for man being, which is the best kind The bill under discussion , enacted picking up two-ounce bottles in his of citizen of a democracy. Every educator worthy of the name int law during that session, was the glass factory are the subjects which first child labor law written into the under Mr. McAndrew's counterfeit has recognized, as Mr. McAndrew did not, that these cultural subjects, pre- statutes of Illinois. Mr. Leviss, speak- program were minimized almost to sented by an inspired and inspiring ing on the provision in that bill that the point of extinction in the Chi- no child under 14 years of age should cago schools, the cultural subjects, the teacher , arouse in the child a motive and desire to express himself , that be admitted into industry for day subjects which admit the child to only through such expression does work or under 16 years for night companionship with the greatest the child acquire and retain skill and work told the committee that if they minds of all time in history, liter- facility in using the tool subjects; kept the children in the public ature, art, music-"The choir invis- that only through skill, content, and schools up to the age provided in ible of those immortal dead who live cultural and spiritual values thus that better bill, the children would be of again in lives madeand by their * * " whose mu- * Σ acquired together in an atmosphere no use to the Alton Glass Works when presence" of joy and sympathetic understand- they sought employment with them. sic is the gladness of the world." It ing of child life may the child live Mr. Leviss had previously told the Once admitted to such companion- the full, worth-while life of a human committee that they could not get ship the child may be trusted to con- being, with power to adapt himself to mer to do the work for which they tinue it through life. the needs of a socially changing employed children. Clarence Darrow, There are teachers, principals and world, instead of being fitted only then a member of the legislature, district superintendents still living on for an automatic process in a fac- asked him if they could not get men the heritage of inspiration and en- tory. if they paid men's wages, but the thusiasm for childhood, which they Holds Drudgery of No Value. question was not answered. received from a long line of distin- Every educator worthy the name Mr. Darrow then asked him what guished educators : John Dewey, Ella has recognized, as Mr. McAndrew did the nature of the work was that they Flagg Young, Col. Parker, Josephine ‫ل‬ not, that the mechanical processes in must have children to do and could Locke, W. W. Speer, William L. Tom- 10 education take their proper place in not get men to do. "Oh," he said, lins, Agnes C. Heath and their dis- ciples and followers. a child's life only as skill and facil- "it is just picking up a two-ounce bot- ity in these processes are acquired tle walking a little distance with it , Protests Were Ignored. through motivated activities which putting it down, going back after an- appeal to the child's natural im- other one and repeating the process. " When such teachers, principals and pulses; not through the grinding district superintendents protested that Why Education Was Opposed. McAndrew's program was not educa- drudgery of drill, day in and day out, to accomplish "externally imposed I saw Mr. Leviss sitting at the din- tion their judgment was flouted with aims which are dear to the hearts of ner table in the Leland hotel later gratuitous insult. adults and which are set up as ends, in the day. I went over to him and Chicago parents do not want their irrespective of the capacities of those told him I was present at the hearing children exposed to what Dr. John educated," in the words of John at which he made the statement that Dewey calls "the vice of externally keeping children in school up to the imposed aims dear to the hearts of Dewey. adults" set up as ends and aims in Again and again there appear in age of 14 would unfit them for em- the education of their children, " ir- Mr. McAndrew's official bulletins ployment in his industry. respective of the capacities of those edicts setting in motion all the ma- I asked him if he had ever thought educated." Nor does it matter to the chinery of the system for repeated anything about what it was in the parents of Chicago whether these testing of the children in those obvi- pubii schoois that unfitted the chil- aims have been predetermined and ous and least important aspects of dren as he said. for the glass works imposed by a Rip Van Winkle in ed- learning , the mechanics of education and for industry in general. He ucation or by interested persons, be- -" The Three R's' --with no indication saw he had given a good deal of hind the scenes. pulling the strings of recognition by him of the values thought to it. on their puppet. of literature, history, geography arts ; I asked him if he had any objес- Chicago parents want for their chil- that is, if testing the children's prog- tion to telling me and he said he dren the cultural and spiritual values ress in a subject is any indication of would be glad to do So. He said he in education. It needs no philosopher the value of that subject . had come to the conclusion that it to see that Chicago needs the cultural Recall Child Labor Fight. wa all the literature, history, music, and spiritual values in education. A I recall an experience I had in 1903 drawing, and such things in the pub- Daily News, Jan. 12, 1928 Miss Margaret Haley Says Schools Fighting Life and Death Battle Against Political Influence No. 10 in Institutions . "What is the matter in the schools , out of politics," says the candidate for ents, a choice of mayors becomes a anyhow? For the last thirty years mayor of Chicago-who is in. choice between "brands " of politics the school question has defeated every "If elected, I will take the schools in the schools, which usually means ✔ mayor in Chicago. What is the trou- out of politics," says the candidate- lble in the schools?" who is out. a choice of evils. They choose what No matter which candidate gets in to them seems the least, which rarely This question was thus put to me a few days ago by a shrewd, experi- he will keep his brand of politics in means the one they had last. enced politician, occupying a strate- the schools and trust to luck that the "Keep the schools out of politics" gic post in his party, and incidentally schools will keep out of his politics. is to many a well-meaning public- an important public office. Choice of Political Brands . spirited citizen, especially about may "If re-elected, I will keep the schools To the children, teachers and par- oralty election time, the cure-all for 106 MARGARET ĤALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 every ill to which the public schools education-the platoon school-to proportion to their value as other are heir . meet a seating and housing shortage, thousands of pieces, and are therefore There is no more possibility of against the advice and judgment of paying only one-half as much taxes keeping the schools out of politics district superintendents, principals, in proportion to their value. In many than there is of keeping politics out and teachers , after silencing the voice other cases the proportion is as low of the schools . of the teachers for protesting against as one-third and in some cases as it. To the teachers in the school- low as one -tenth. To the public-spirited citizen view- rooms that constitutes a phase of ing the schools from without, "poli- The inequitable and iniquitous as- tics in the schools" means the peri- "politics in the schools" vastly more sessment of property for taxation pur- odic changes in the personnel in the disastrous to children than politics poses in Chicago puts a premium on fraud and "fixing " of taxes which offices of the board of education in- manifested by changes in the person- nel in the offices of the board of threatens not only the revenue but cident to a change in mayor. the morale of the schools and of the The teachers in the schools who education-which generally mean to whole city. There is nothing more see these birds of passage of each the teachers no more than one set harmful to the public morale, nothing political administration come and go of job -holders out and another set that retards the efforts of the teach- In the offices of the board of educa- of job- hunters in. ers to develop character and make tion know that that phase of "politics The teachers know that shortage in good citizens more than the utter lack in the schools" touches the lives of revenue for the schools should be met of orderly method and lawful pro- the children only remotely, if at all. by adequate revenue through en- cedure on the part of the assessing forcement of the revenue laws, not officials of Cook county in meeting Living Thing to Teacher. by crowding fifty-three children to a their responsibility under the law to The Chicago teacher who looks room, nor by platooning children, nor provide an equitable, uniform assess- over a schoolroom with fifty-three by destroying the teachers' councils ment of property. children and forty- eight seats, looks because they protested against the The lack of money to house the squarely at "politics in the schools ." platoon school. children decently and to provide a It is a living thing to her. She Weak Effort Made. sufficient number of teachers to teach knows that the board of education Four years ago the board of edu- school-not to keep school is one of that put those fifty-three children in the greatest difficulties confronting that room knows that she can teach cation officially acknowledged it was the schools . Revenue is the life blood no more than thirty children and its duty under the law to see to it that the of the schools on the physical side. give them individual attention, that the necessary revenut to run The struggle to get the necessary rev- fifty- three children mean "mass edu- schools was provided by the assessing enue to educate the children brought cation." She knows that thousands boards. However, the efforts of the the Chicago schools into politics thir- of other teachers in Chicago face board of education to compel the as- ty years ago. The public school as a "politics in the schools" in the same sessing boards to perform their duty living institution is forced into a life- concrete way every day of every week were so half-hearted and ineffectual and-death conflict with antiquated throughout the school year. as to bring no result. Therefore the tax laws and with a worse than an- She knows that the reason she teachers have asked the state tax com- tiquated enforcement of these laws. faces fifty-three children a day in- mission to compel the assessing boards The methods of enforcement of the stead of thirty is that the board of to do justice to the children, parents tax laws are utterly indefensible, in- assessors, the board of review and and other taxpayers of Chicago and to equitable, and a shame and disgrace other taxing officials are not doing provide a fair, lawful, equitable, uni- to Chicago and Cook county. their duty under the law to those form assessment of property-and Fight for Life. fifty-three children, to their parents again we repeat, to do it now. Such and to other taxpayers. an assessment will provide the neces- The public schools are fighting for sary revenue to run the schools on a their life . The Chicago teachers are When thousands of other teach- ers see the same kind of living evi- sound educational basis and at the making the fight for the Chicago same time will do equal justice, under schools . But lack of revenue to run the dence of " politics in the schools" be- the law, to every taxpayer. schools is not peculiar to Chicago. The fore them every day in their school- rooms, see helpless children denied When the board of education fails same condition prevails throughout school opportunities and robbed of to do its acknowledged duty, under the United States. Nowhere are the their childhood which no one can ever the law, to see that needed revenue public schools adequately financed. give back to them, these teachers is forthcoming for the schools, then Everywhere those who should enter know it is time to take the schools the schools must go into politics the field and fight for adequate reve- into politics and go after the rob- through the teachers to do for the nue for the schools are throwing up bers. When these thousands of teach- children what the board has failed to their hands and saying it cannot be ers appeal to the state tax commis- do. If the board will not take the done . The teachers alone refuse to ac- sion to use its power under the law necessary steps to get the needed rev- cept defeat. For the life of this most to compel the assessing boards to do enue to stop the platooning and over- precious, most vital institution of their duty to the 450,000 school chil- crowding of children then the teach- democracy is at stake. ers must . dren of Chicago, to their parents and The schools are in politics to drive other taxpayers, and do it now, these Need Assessment Revision . politics out of the schools. The teach- teachers see " taking the schools into ers have taken the schools into poli- An equitable, uniform assessment of politics " from a different viewpoint estate in Chicago would tics in order to drive out of the school from that of the public-spirited citi- real the sordid, selfish, inhuman poli- zen who shouts at election time, "keep provide an increase of $14,000,000 in the educational fund this year and a tics that would distort the souls and the schools out of politics ! " corresponding increase in the school minds as well as the bodies of little Has Mean Imposition. building fund without increasing the children. This is one answer to the To the teachers in the schoolrooms tax rate if real estate now assessed question at the opening of this article, the "politics in the schools" for the last too high were brought down to a fair "What is the matter with four years has meant the imposition level of assessment by the board of schools ?" on the children, teachers and par- review now, and real estate now as- When the boards of education meet ents of revolutionary school policies sessed below that fair level were brought up to that level now. This their responsibilities as the teachers without regard to their soundness ed- are trying to meet theirs in this and ucationally, but merely as expedients is what the teachers are demanding other vital matters affecting the to assist the board of education to of the board of review. schools there will be less cause and meet its own financial problems. It There are thousands of pieces of therefore less likelihood for the has meant the importation of a high- real estate in Chicago that are as- "school question" to defeat mayors. sounding " work-study-play" plan of sessed at only one- half as much in Daily News, Jan. 13, 1928 January 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 107 Miss Margaret Haley Says Public Should Recognize Grievous No. 11 Malady in Chicago Institutions. E The public should recognize that them, the late Mrs. Ella Flagg On Jan. 27, 1926, forty-one elemen- the Chicago schools are suffering Young. tary principals were elected on the from a grievous malady. The soul "A Grievous Malady." recommendation of the superintend- fza of the school system is sick as Lin- ent, without any information before coln said of the nation . It needs the Any educational system that de- the board of education as to their fit- best judgment, the richest and full- nies machinery and opportunity for ness or experience, without considera- est experience. sense of responsibility, the acceptance of and expression of tion and without discussion after one devotion to childhood to reach the responsibility on the part of princi- member of the board had stated from malady from which the schools of pals and teachers for making good in the floor that twenty-seven of the Chicago are suffering . their schools is surely suffering from forty- one had never taught a day in " a grievous malady." an elementary school! Charles A. McMurry, Long recog- nized as an acute observer of educa- At a time when there was never It is such actions by the board of 12 tional development who has scanned more noise nor more blatant propa- education and the superintendent ‫هللا‬ the whole educational field, has re- ganda as to the necessity for making that give color to the charge of ele- cently sounded the alarm against just children feel individual responsibility mentary teachers that there are in such a state of affairs as has come for civic duties there has been the Chicago today, men and women prin- upon the Chicago school system. least opportunity afforded Chicago cipals as unfitted for the function teachers to recognize and accept their of administering a school as Mr. Mc- He says: responsibility toward the public. Andrew was temperamentally and ed- "Formalism, in educational circles At a time when the teachers con- ucationally incapable of administer- 1 is a term of evil import. A beauti- stituted the only resisting force ing a school system. ful form, holding a rich content, is powerful enough to combat destruc- admirable, but form not paired with tive tendencies in education , it was Whole Districts Suffer . meaning and playing a lone game is most unfortunate that the teaching In some instances an entire school a sorry spectacle. When fruitful experience and judgment of those district, comprising some thirty or studies degenerate into formalism, the closest in contact with school prob- forty schools, has been known to suf- schools suffer with a grievous malady, lems should be driven off the job . fer from the temperamental and ed- and this happens too often. It is not alone at the door of en- ucational unfitness of a district "The actual teaching of children try that inefficiency comes into the superintendent superimposing his lies on what may be called 'the battle Chicago school system. There are will and authority on principals and front' in education. Quite a number men and women who, if con- teachers alike. It is only natural that of our officers prefer to put others in ditions were such as to make for soul-sickness has set in under a sys- this front line where danger and per- efficiency, would become powerful tem that permits selection of admin- haps failure lie. These brave cap- and efficient teachers. It is the con- istrators who are shining marks of tains-like Xerxes of old are safe in ditions they are compelled to combat incapacity and inefficiency them- some high tower overlooking the bat- that make them inefficient through selves. tle; it is easy for them to scold the the destruction of enthusiasm , denial There are many experienced, broad- fighters below for not fighting bet- of any right to formulate their own visioned men and women principals, ter." judgments, individually or collective- district superintendents and other The soul of the Chicago school ly on educational problems, and supervisory officers who command system is sick because the teachers the refusal of administrative author- the respect and loyal co-operation of have no feeling of responsibility for ity to permit them to pass judgment their teachers by their enthusiasm, what's wrong. upon teaching methods; therefore their poise and temperamental fit- the fatal effects of "formalism" in ness and their efficiency in the func- McAndrew Is Blamed. the schools . tion of teaching as well as super- The drift toward "formalism" in Until such time as the teachers are vision . the Chicage schools has been so over- given the opportunity to express Only teachers themselves realize whelming and rapid under the Mc- themselves as to conditions that are that, next to the children, they are Andrew regime because the teachers' making for inefficiency in the schools and become convinced that their col- the chief sufferers themselves from com.mon sense, mature judgment and the presence of the professionally un- experience growing out of daily con- lective judgment and experience can fit in their midst. Work undone by tact with the children and their be brought to bear to remedy con- incompetents in the classroom must fsense of responsibility for what was ditions and remove their causes, they be done by others; work unfinished happening to the children, were all will continue to feel no responsibil- must be gone over again; discipline put off the job at the outset of his ity for the results of a rule of auto- run riot must be reorganized by the cratic authority. administration four years ago and capable ones ; pupils poorly prepared - the whole teaching body became or- Many Teachers Unfit . in one grade must be taught again. der takers. There are in the elementary schools Teachers detect in a fellow teacher What it immediately necessary is of Chicago today, men and women inefficiency long before it is apparent to restore to the Chicago school sys- principals who never taught a day in to principals or even parents. tem the sense of individual #flectivre responsibi and col- an elementary school ! On what basis lity of the te achers . of selection have they been placed Need New Machinery . io ns ✔ Unde the condit that have exist- over teachers who have had years of If Chicago would have competent, ed the teachers have actually ceased experience in teaching children of qualified, responsible teachers the to feel more anythey things haveresponsibility to elementary been orderedfor school age? Certainly they machinery must be created within the ✔ the were not selected on the basis of system which will permit the teach- ed do to children , which their own judg- demonstrat fitness to perform the ing body : olling mont and conscience make them function for which they have been 1. To stand guard at the entrance er ✓ contr the weathsibil. ity feel are wrong , than they have in set apart . to their profession and keep out the s sed als unfit. , which it tary teacher supervi by princip There are in Chicago schools to- at this sense of respon The first step is essential that toward restoring every classroom day hundreds of experienced elemen- whose sole claim to fitness for the 2. To have a voice in determining the conditions in the school system that will develop and retain effici- teacher should feel, is to re-establish position is that of having written an ency in teachers instead of destroy- the teachers' councils-the heritage examination on academic subjects ing it. of Chicago teachers from the one with particular emphasis on " theory 3. To meet their responsibility in master mind that originally created and method of teaching." (Continued on page 110) Dollars Homes of Small Assessment in Inequalities Gross Reveals Appraisal Dollars - 108 9,000 $ Correct These Evils Will PSpotlight )( ublication - 9,000 $ 8,000 - 8,000 7,000 - 7,000 6,000 - 6,000 5,000 - 5,000 4,000 4,000 3,000 - 3,000 2,000 - 2,000 1,000 1,000 1 3 2 112 5 8 7 6 4 90 13 14 15 16 17 18 % 210 2% 40 3794740 % 6 37 351%806 shaded lines in 1927 and appraisal comparative values the represents chart above The hat Company the Appraisal .Tby determined Number 18 pays nine- House ofis ,towner he MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN buildings on residential all thee values of represent fixed the Board by values full street corner to aity from block of side four inear 1927 for Assessors the -y quadren- of 1 00 teen times as much taxes on each $ of value nial period 1927-1930 ,i. nclusive as does the owner of House 8 , nd Number appraised by the districts corner in one of dwellings The value ,exclusive of these -htimes much asone and nine $1alf each 00 the for Co. 'A Manufacturers ppraisal Chicago s figures by ,indicated land the House Number . of owner the does 13 as the he ederation Teachers land 'F.value of Company's .T he margin valuations Appraisal This is a fsample of the conditions air been included . not has range 9and $3to,500 ,000 assessors the 'from in found the districts which have been ap- d1t8 -oesignated wellings ,are There 4. ,000 00 valuations range from $ 2 to full Teachers for Chicago the praised 'Federation shows The lower line of figures per- the sections various of .in Chicago inclusive column double each of base athe -t which the Assessors centage ' ull frelationship Secrecy has inequalities made these pos- chart on the . Company's Appraisal value bears to the fair . sible The solid black lines represent Manu- the .T 'f he value Assessors show aull s Publicatio assessment of required by ns conservative Company's facturers A' ppraisal 3 of % t 57o he range from value full make would law inequalitie impossible .these s January 31, 1928 January 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 109 Tax Commission Orders Publication of Lists At Request of Chicago Teachers' Federation , Publication Order Is Signed Below is a photographic reproduction of the Illinois State Tax Commission's order to pub- lish the real estate assessments. The order, signed by William H. Malone, chairman of the Commission, and by two other members, is dated January 25, 1928. Its issuance followed a series of hearings brought by the Chicago Teachers' Federation before the Tax Commission. (Photographic Reproduction) BEFORE THE TAX COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATION OF THE TEACHERS ' FEDERATION OF CHICAGO FOR AN ORDER OF THIS COMMISSION DIRECTING THE BOARD OF ASSESSORS AND BOARD OF REVIEW OF COOK COUNTY TO PRINT AND PUBLISH AS PROVIDED BY LAW THEIR ASSESSMENTS OF REAL ESTATE IN COOK COUNTY FOR THE YEAR 1927 . The Commission finds that due notice of this application and the hearings thereon was had by the Board of Assessors and the Board of Review of Cook County; that said Boards appeared by counsel and participated in said hearings ; that there has been no printing or publication of the real estate assessments made by said Board of Assessors and Board of Review in any year since 1911. The Commission, therefore, orders and directs the Board of Assessors and the Board of Review of Cook County, Illinois , to print , publish and mail as provided by law, their assessments of real estate in Cook County for the year 1927 , and wherever any property so assessed is susceptible of being described by street and number , that such street and number description be published by said Board of Assessors and Board of Review, and that such printing, publishing and mailing be completed on or before June 1st , 1928 . Entered this 25th day of January, 1928 . Attest: Chass /t. Malone Secretary Chairman This is to certify that the foregoing order is a full, true and complete copy of an order entered on the 25th day of January, 1928, in the above entitled matter as appears from the files and records of the State Tax Commission of Illinois . In witness whereof , we have hereunto set our hands and seals this 25th day of January , 1928 . Atteet: Cara 14. Stalons Secretary Chairman 110 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 b a k e r Teachers ' Credit Union Re-elects Directors Stude The Chicago Teachers' Federation Credit Union held its first annual meeting January 14 in the Federation offices . We have sold many Studebaker cars to teachers The five directors whose term had expired during the past year. We offer you the best of were re-elected for a term of three years . The cars and best of service. annual report was read by the secretary- SOUTH END AUTO SALES CO. treasurer, and plans were made for the next year's operations. 110th St. , at Michigan Ave. Below the Hill, Roseland Members of the Credit Union feel that this Phone Commodore 0707 F. J. Zipf H. F. Zipf co-operative savings and loan association has been a decided benefit to them during the past year, and are anxious that many more teachers share in the benefits. Anyone wish- IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST ing definite information about the plan should We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and communicate with Margaret Powell, 1215 Permanent Waving HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR Winona Avenue, Chicago. ESTABLISHED 1905 F. BLANCHE PREBLE , SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. Pres . Bd. of Directors . Phones : Edgewater 4674-4675-Broadway at Wilson Anniversary Luncheon 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR The Chicago Teachers' Federation cele- Buy from one who KNOWS values, brated the 28th Anniversary of its entrance and will give you an honest deal into the Tax Fight by a luncheon at the Pal- F. RANKE FUR CO . mer House on Saturday, January 21. A fuller Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 report will appear in the next Bulletin. What's Wrong with the Schools ? (Continued from page 107) the elimination of the professionally on the teaching body itself for ad- ing body of protecting their own pro- unfit. mitting the unfit and for conditions fessional standards. Responsibility for Teachers. in the schools that make for inef- The code of ethics adopted by the The teaching body will meet the ficiency. Then and only then-may elementary teachers' councils short- responsibility of eliminating the pro- they be expected in conscience either ly before they were abolished under fessionally unfit only when. adequate to meet their responsibility in elimi- McAndrew is a guarantee of the good official machinery is created within nating their own inefficients or-ad- faith and professional spirit of the the system that puts responsibility mit themselves incapable as a teach- Chicago teachers . Daily News , Jan. 14, 1928 CHICAGO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA NO HURRY ! POPULAR CONCERTS Tommy was meandering homeward much As Mrs. Kinsey is taking Sabbatical Leave, teachers desiring tickets to the Popular Con- later than his usual suppertime. A friend of certs are asked to communicate with Anna the family who happened to meet him, said: Waldschmidt, 1343 Cornelia Avenue, Tele- "Why, Tommy, aren't you afraid you'll be phone Graceland 5853. late for supper ?" "Nope," replied Tommy, "I've got the meat." SUBSCRIPTION to MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher Name .. Address MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. (Street and Number) THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 15 Cents. City LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. Subscription price $2.00 per year. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. Bond and MortgageBldg., 127 N. Dearborn St. , Chicagc Phone Central 3904 January 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 111 Forum to Study Inter- national Relations ENRICI'S is famous no less On March 10 the Forum of the League of H Women Voters and the Association for Peace for the enduring and deep Education will hold their third annual educa- friendships it has won than tional Conference in the Congress Hotel. In for the quality of the foods addition to the teachers' organizations which it serves and for the great have cooperated in the past, a number of other organizations will participate this year. volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- The subject of this year's Conference will day, before the matinee, it is the great be "The Study and the Teaching of Interna- central meeting place. tional Relations ." Prof. Pitman Potter of the University of Wisconsin will speak at the morning session on "Methods and Motives in the Study of International Relations." The afternoon will be devoted to a discussion of HENRICI'S the press as a factor in the education of the WM . M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT adult in international affairs . James Mc- Donald of the Foreign Policy Association of 67 W. Randolph St. New York will be the main speaker on this Between Dearborn and Clark Streets program. The discussion will be a prominent part of the program at both sessions . The admission fee will be $ 1.00 for the day. No orchestral din For further information inquire at the office = of the Association for Peace Education, 5733 Blackstone Avenue, telephone Hyde Park 1449. Grand Tour of EUROPE (About 60 Days) $850 In charge of H. A. Todd, sailing from New York, June 30, Scandinavian Steamer Oscar II, Insurance Committee Norway, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland , Italy, France, Eng- land, Scotland. For complete circular of information address Will Make Report Tel . Hemlock 1274 Mrs. Lillys R. Geer 6203 Artesian Ave., Chicago At the next meeting of the Chicago Teach- ers' Federation, the committee appointed for the consideration of group insurance, will make its report. FOR RENT-Apartment, two rooms and At the December meeting of the Federation bath, attractively furnished. Dining room in a committee was ordered appointed to in- building. Will lease for one year. $50 per vestigate group insurance with the idea that month. Jane McDonald, 336 W. Marquette the organization might decide to offer it to Road . Phone Wentworth 0658 . its members . The committee has been appointed and con- sists of Mrs. F. Blanche Preble, chairman ; FOUND-Two door keys left at the Fed- Winifred Matthews and Mrs. Frances Wil- eration luncheon, January 21, 1928, at the liams . Palmer House, are being held in the Federa- A copy of the policy which the Continental tion office, 127 N. Dearborn Street. Casualty company offers to groups is in the hands of the Federation committee and the committee will recommend that if enough FOUND-A purse containing change and a members desire to make an effort to get a key left at the Federation office several weeks ‫ت‬ large group together, that the Casualty com- ago is being held at the Federation office, 127 pany's policy be adopted. N. Dearborn Street. 112 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN January 31, 1928 Removal Sale of Dresses , Cloth Coats, Fur Coats , Suits Five years ago when we opened the doors of this store to the public we announced that in the main our service would combine three important functions : To offer well selected assortments, of new, authentic fashions ; to feature qualities that would measure up to the highest standard, and by reason of our policy of selling for cash only our prices would be lower than the usual retail prices for such garments. Five years of day-in and day-out devotion to this program has built an ever increasing and loyal clientele for this store. Now we are looking forward to undeveloped possibilities for further and more extensive service and therefore our present location must be left behind. It's an eventful occasion for us and an unparalleled value-event for those who wish to take advantage of the extraordinary reductions on high grade Dresses, Coats, Suits, and Fur Coats now offered in our Removal Sale . Our new loca- tion will be at 37 North Wa- bash Avenue, Pittsfield Johnson &Harwood 37 South Wabash Ave. Building. Do You Read The Bulletin? Do You Get The Bulletin? Can You Afford To Be Without It? Have You Paid For It? If Not- WILL YOU NOW ? Margaret Haley's Bulletin 127 N. Dearborn St. Subscription Price, $2.00 Central 3904 Make Checks Payable to Margaret Haley's Bulletin NO. VOL. MargaretHaley's 7 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . March 31 , 1928 "If we cannot actively give to all of the children that which it is ideal they should have, we may at least refrain from deliber- ately adding to the obstacles from which they already suffer. And as for those who add to the sufferings and trials and difficulties, the handicaps from which so many, and indeed the mass of our children already suffer, I say as for those who would add to these, I think the old words of Scripture still apply, ' that it were better for them that a millstone be tied about their neck. " -John Dewey. (From an address delivered November 28, 1927, by John Dewey to the National Consumers' League and printed in the February num- ber of the Journal of Education.) 114 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31 , 1928 LET US ASSIST YOU IN SELECTING THE RADIO TERN THAT best suits you and your purse Free demonstration in home or schools American Radio Shop NOR Ravenswood 4741 1757-59 Sunnyside Ave. Open Evenings to 10 P. М. Go the finest, shortest way to the OPEN TUESDAY, MANUFACTURING REMODELING REPAIRING STORAGE THURSDAY & SATURDAY EVENINGS Ν. Ε. Α. We have just completed a beautiful assortment of CONVENTION FUR CHOKERS Make your selection now at our very low prices. at Minneapolis Three splendid trains leave JERELIinABLEho rn FURRIER Chicago for Minneapolis every day over the Chicago & North Western Ry . -The North Western Limited, 6:30 p. m. , Telephones : HYDE PARK 7655-7656 The North American, 10:00 939 East 63rd Street p. m. , and The Viking, 10:30 a. m. , providing luxurious night or day service. How would you like After the Convention Your Felt Hats Reblocked into up-to-date styles? Bobbed hair or con- See the West servative styles. Small or extremely large America's most enchanting re- headsizes . We have them . We are manu- gions invite you the wonder- facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- ful Black Hills of South Dakota ing Department has access to the best -the Rockies of Colorado- shapes. A trial will convince you of our efficient service . picturesque California, Yellow- stone,Zion and Jasper National Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. Parksand Northern Wisconsin 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. and Minnesota, Land O'Lakes . Glorious, carefree days of rest and recreation. Delicious Cooking LOW SUMMER FARES Charming Surroundings and liberal stop-over privileges will Moderate Prices enable you to visit any of these vaca- Service from 8 A.M. to 12 P.M. tion paradises at minimum expense. Luncheon .$0.60 Dinner ..... 1.00 1.25 Write Vacation Headquarters Sunday Dinner for full information regarding any region or tour. H. G. Van Winkle, General Agent, C. & N. W. Ry. JULIA KING'S 397 CAG 148 S. Clark St. , Phone Dearborn 2323, Chicago, III. O Tea Room H CHI ERN CHICAGO & NORT WEST AND 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET LI NE NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 7 March 31 , 1928 Page 115 In Memory of Louis F. Post Following is resolution No. 20110 presented Education. He was placed on the School Man- February 23, 1928, to the Board of Education by agement Committee, of which Miss Jane Ad- dams was chairman . As a member of the the Committee on Resolutions on the death of Louis F. Post : Committee he wrote the report (known as the Post report) which put an end to the so-called promotional examinations, with their secret Whereas, with the passing of Louis F. Post marking, and substituted therefor study in at Washington, D. C., on January 10th last, a accredited institutions. (Proceedings, 1906- long life of usefulness, of inspiring public 1907, pp. 490 ff . ) service, including one term of brilliant leader- ship of this Board of Education, came to a close. As a member of a special committee on revenue he made an exhaustive study of school land leasings and wrote a report recommend- Resolved, therefore, that there be spread ing a test suit to see if the action of the Board upon the records of this Board a memorial of in 1895 and in subsequent years in striking the his life and public service, and that a copy of revaluation clauses from the ninety-nine year the same be conveyed to his wife, Alice That- leases of 1885 could not be set aside . A suit cher Post, as an expression of the sympathy against the Chicago Tribune was instituted of this Board and as a tribute to her husband . and carried through to the Illinois Supreme Court, which found the leases valid . Louis Freeland Post was born in Vienna, N. J. , November 15, 1849. At fourteen he left school and the farm home and went to New In the meantime Mayor Busse undertook to exclude Mr. Post and his associates on the York City, where he worked as errand boy, Board from their offices . Resort to the courts er printer, court reporter, lawyer, editor, author, and publisher. President Arthur appointed by mandamus proceedings resulted in a de- him Assistant United States District Attorney cision by the Illinois Supreme Court overrul- in New York City. He was manager of Henry ing the action of the Mayor and restoring the George's campaign for Mayor of New York members to their places on the Board . J City in 1886, having some years before become a convert to the George economic theory- While a member of the Board Mr. Post also known popularly as the Single Tax. Very wrote a report, favoring the advisory organ- shortly thereafter he became the editor of ization of teachers a plan more completely “THE STANDARD, ” a weekly paper devoted realized when the teachers Councils were or- to the promotion of the George doctrine. ganized. In 1898, with his charming and gifted wife, In the spring of 1913 President Wilson ap- he founded at Chicago " THE PUBLIC" —a pointed Mr. Post Assistant Secretary of Labor. weekly periodical of "fundamental democ- The Posts thereupon removed to Washington . racy," which attained wide and significant In many respects Mr. Post encountered there influence during the fifteen years of its exist- the supreme crisis and climax of his public ence. life . He became the outstanding defender of constitutional rights against the hysterical de- On July 9th, 1906, Mr. Post was appointed portation activities of the authorities in their by Mayor Dunne a member of the Board of (Continued on Page 139 116 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 From the Masthead by The Lookout " You cannot very well handle a great organization of teachers except by open, direct and out- on - the- table methods .” William Bishop Owen- February 7, 1928 . To the Teachers of Chicago: Two interpretations of the Chicago Teach- its mandate until the Supreme Court can re- ers' tenure law have been rendered by the view the Appellate Court's decision . courts . As this is the first test of the tenure law in the courts the question of the most If, however, the Board's attorney does not vital interest now to the 12,000 teachers in file in the Supreme Court the necessary peti- Chicago is "Which interpretation will be sus- tion for review by April 3, the next step will be to have the attorneys for the teachers ask tained ?" the Appellate Court to make effective at once The Appellate Court, on February 14, 1928, its decision and to direct the Circuit Court, sustained the tenure law and held that the 74 Judge Friend, to order the Board of Educa- persons (27 principals and 47 teachers) who tion to restore those principals and teachers . were "retired" from active service by the Board of Education on January 27, 1926, More than 8,560 principals and teachers under the Emeritus Service rule, without have signed the petition (printed here ) to the notice, charges or trial were removed illegally Board asking it to direct its attorney to abide and should be restored to the positions they by the decision of the Appellate Court and not held at the time they were removed. The full to seek a review in the Supreme Court. The text of the Appellate Court decision is printed petition was filed with the Board of Education in this issue of the Bulletin . at its meeting on March 28 and referred to the The Appellate Court's decision has not been School Administration Committee and to the enforced because the Board of Education attorney for the Board. through its attorney asked for a rehearing. A resolution making the same request was This the Appellate Court on February 28 de- nied . On March 6, the Board filed a motion adopted by the Chicago Teachers' Federation asking that the mandate of the Appellate on March 10, presented to the Board of Edu- cation on March 14 and referred to conference Court be stayed until that decision could be reviewed by the Supreme Court. (See pages of the full Board of Education and the at- 131 and 132. ) torney. No meeting of the School Administra- tion Committee has been held to consider the The Appellate Court on March 13 allowed petition nor any conference of the Board to the Board the stay of mandate asked for, pro- consider the resolution. vided that the Board had its petition for re- view filed on or before the first day of the The Appellate Court decision reverses the April term of the Supreme Court, which is decision of Judge Friend in the Circuit Court April 3rd. If the Board has such a petition rendered on October 8, 1926, denying the peti- filed in the Supreme Court on April 3 the tion for injunction sought by the teachers on Appellate Court will grant a further stay of January 27, 1926 to restrain the Board from March 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 117 ousting them on that date, and an amended the Supreme court without going through the petition of those teachers filed on January Appellate Court . 30th asking the Board to restore them after Appeal was taken to the Supreme Court in they were ousted. The Appellate Court held December, 1926, and the hearing on the merits that Judge Friend erred in not granting the of the case was held in that court in that teachers the injunction asked. A copy of Judge Friend's decree denying the injunction month. A year later, December 21, 1927, the Supreme Court held the rules of the Board of is printed here in full. Education are not municipal ordinances, No formal opinion was entered of record by within the meaning of the law, and that the Judge Friend but at final hearing before him case ought not to have been taken directly to on September 22, 1926, an informal , oral opin- the Supreme Court ; that it should have gone ion was rendered and portions of that are to the Appellate Court and on Dec. 21, 1927, printed here from the official records of this it was transferred to the Appellate Court. case on file in the Appellate Court. That Supreme Court decision is printed here in full . When the Emeritus Service rule was adopted by the Board of Education on Decem- As this Emeritus service case is the first test of the teachers' tenure in the courts whatever ber 9, 1925, it provided for "retiring" teachers on the Emeritus Service. On March 8, 1926, decision prevails will establish a precedent. the Board amended that rule, changing the Therefore this case is of great importance to word " retire” to “ transfer.” the teachers of Chicago as it may have very far reaching effects . Judge Friend held that the Board could Should Judge Friend's interpretation of the legally establish such a branch of the service as the Emeritus Service and transfer teachers Otis law prevail the Board of Education will have power to enact rules of conduct and effi- to this service, although the Miller compulsory ciency and to remove teachers from the serv- retirement law had been signed by the Gov- ernor between the time the teachers' petition ice without trial, charges or notice . The Loeb rule which forbade teachers to belong to or- was filed on January 27, 1926, and the hearing ganizations which had officers who were not on that petition on September 22, 1926. members of the teaching force, or to organiza- The Appellate Court held that the transfer tions that were unions or affiliated with unions, was a rule of conduct. As Mr. Greenacre was in effect a removal. That the intention of the Board was to retire not to transfer. That pointed out at the meeting of the Chicago the Board was without power to retire or re- Teachers' Federation on March 10, the Board 1 move teachers in groups under rules of effi- would have power, under Judge Friend's de- cision,teachers ciency and conduct, without trial or charges. move to enactunder such that a rule again and to re- rule . That it must give the individual teacher a trial and charges after due notice. Mr. Greenacre pointed out that the real purpose of the Loeb rule was to prevent teach- Judge Friend, as will be seen by reference ers from maintaining organizations with offi- to his informal opinion, held that there are cers that the Board could not control, that is, two ways to remove teachers from the service officers who were not members of the teaching under the Otis law : One is to remove them in force. Mr. Greenacre pointed out that the groups or classes under rules of inefficiency only organization whose officers and members and conduct to be adopted by the Board ; the were removed from the service under the Loeb other, by trial and charges as provided in Sec- rule, namely, the Chicago Teachers' Federa- tion 161 of the Otis law. tion , had officers who were not members of The attorneys for the teachers took an ap- the teaching force ; that the other two organ- peal from Judge Friend's decision direct to the izations of teachers affiliated with labor Supreme Court on a Certificate of Importance, unions had no officers or members removed from the service. They had no officers who which Judge Friend issued on the ground that were not members of the teacher force. the rules of the Board of Education are, ac- cording to the Otis law, ordinances ; and that Mr. Greenacre pointed out that it was per- 1 under the law cases involving ordinances may fectly clear that the part of the Loeb rule that be appealed directly from the lower court to forbade teachers to affiliate with labor unions 118 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31 , 1928 was a " smoke screen" to hide the real intent of It means very little to them now. They have the Loeb rule which was to prevent teachers all reached, or soon will reach, the age of com- from maintaining effective organizations pulsory retirement. This fight to sustain the whether they were affiliated with labor organ- teachers' tenure law is of comparatively small izations or not. importance to these veteran educators, who were so inconsiderately and even brutally It would be possible under Judge Friend's thrown out of the School System which they interpretation of the Otis law for the Board had served so long and faithfully, 74 of them. of Education to enact a rule of efficiency of the They were sacrificed to prevent a supine Board kind which Supt. McAndrew evidently had in of Education and an obstreperous Superinten- his mind, namely, to make teachers' efficiency dent from going to a finish fight over one de- rating dependent upon the work of the chil- crepit examiner. dren, as shown by tests, and to remove teach- But the teachers of Chicago for all the years ers automatically on the showing made by the to come will benefit by their magnificent fight results of these tests . McAndrew's official re- for their fellow teachers . And those who have ports show that it was his intention to have supported and aided in this fight may well teachers removed on the basis of the results congratulate themselves that they have had of these tests. that privilege. The principals and teachers There are about 20 of the principals and who went through the soul-trying experience teachers on the Emeritus Service, the re- of 1916, when 38 efficient teachers, who were mainder of the 140 or more who have been officers and members of the Chicago Teachers' retired under the Emeritus Service rule, have Federation, were summarily dropped from the either retired voluntarily under the amended service, know what it means to have had the Miller law or they have been retired by the feeling of assurance and safety from such re- Board under the compulsory provision of the prisal which the tenure law for eleven years Miller law. has given the Chicago teachers . Complete records of the Emeritus Service That petition to the Board of Education, case through all the courts so far are printed with its more than 8500 signatures of prin- in this and other issues of the Bulletin, except cipals and teachers is convincing evidence that Judge Friend's informal opinion, only a por- the tragedy of 1916 still lives in the memory tion of which is printed. of the teachers of Chicago. And it is a mute appeal to the Board of Education not to seek The teachers' petition for an injunction was further to reestablish the power to repeat that printed in the Bulletin of January 30, 1926. tragedy of June 27, 1916, nor that of January 27, 1925 . From the beginning the Chicago Teachers' Federation has cooperated with the Emeritus That petition means that the Chicago teach- Service teachers in pressing this suit. The ers are of one opinion ; and that is that if there original petition that was filed and the be ground for fear of any further test of the amended petition were drafted by Mr. I. T. tenure law in the courts, it should be removed Greenacre at the request of the Chicago Teach- by legislative enactment, not by judicial in- ers' Federation and adopted by the Emeritus terpretation. The Chicago Teachers' Federa- Service teachers, in whose name it was filed. tion at its meeting on March 10 took steps to The Bulletin has printed the facts as they have obtain such legislative enactment. occurred as well as the Board action and every thing related thereto of interest to the teachers . It goes without saying that it would not be possible for any group of teachers, forced out Marzena. Haly of positions precipitately, to have the neces- OUR COMPLETE DEBT sary background and experience and other Teacher : We borrowed our numerals from essentials to make a fight of this kind alone. the Arabs, our calendar from the Romans, and These Emeritus Service people who have our banking from the Italians. Can anyone fought this good fight deserve the heartiest think of any other examples ? support of the teachers and their deepest Willie Willis : Our lawn-mower from the gratitude. They have indeed fought the good Smiths, our snow shovel from the Jonses and fight. our baby carriage from the Bumps. March 31 , 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 119 Decision in the "Emeritus" Case di APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS JAMES E. ARMSTRONG, CHESTER C. DODGE AND MARY R. HECOX, APPEL- LANTS V. CITY OF CHICAGO, BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO, AND OTHERS , APPELLEES . GENERAL NO . 32497 Appeal by complainants from the Circuit Court of Cook County, the Hon. HUGO M. FRIEND, Judge, presiding (cause transferred by the Supreme Court of Illinois to the Appellate Court December 21, 1927 ) . Heard in the Second Division of this court for the First District at the December Term, 1927. Reversed and remanded with directions. Opin- ion filed February 14, 1928. Rehearing denied February 27, 1928. DUNNE & CORBOY, I. T. GREENACRE, ALLAN J. CARTER and WILLIS E. THORNE, for Appellants. JAMES TODD, for Appellees ; FRANK S. RIGHEIMER, RALPH W. CON- DEE and WHARTON PLUMMER, of Counsel. MR. JUSTICE GRIDLEY delivered the opinion of the Court. OPINION Statement of the Case. This is an appeal from a decree of the Circuit Court of Cook County, en- tered October 8, 1926, wherein the court after a hearing dismissed complainants ' original bill (filed January 27, 1926) and supplemental bill (filed January 30, 1926) for want of equity . Complainants sought to enjoin the enforcement of cer- tain rules, adopted by the Board of Education on December 9, 1925, and known as the "Emeritus " rules, wherein it was provided inter alia that " hereafter no Case transferred to Appellate Court after member of the teaching force shall be continued in class room or supervisory hearing in Circuit and 1 duties who shall be more than seventy years of age. " At the time of the filing Supreme Courts of the original bill two of the complainants were seventy years of age and one was seventy-three ; two had served as principals or teachers in schools of the city for more than 20 years, and one as a teacher for nearly that length of time; all were performing their respective duties . The appeal was taken to the Supreme Court, but on December 21, 1927, the cause was transferred to this appellate court, the Supreme Court holding that it had no jurisdiction of the appeal. (Armstrong v. City of Chicago, 328 111. 147.) The bill was filed also in behalf of all other principals and teachers simi- larly situated who desired to join as complainants. It alleges that each com- plainant is a resident, voter and tax-payer in Chicago; that Armstrong has been and is principal of the Englewood High School, and Dodge of the Hibbard High Teachers pray for preliminary School ; that Miss Hecox has been and is a teacher in the Cameron School ; injunction to prevent unlawful 2 that during their long period of service in the schools each "has complied with "retirement” the rules of the board of education concerning conduct and efficiency " ; that "there is no cause within the meaning of the statutes for the removal of any of the complainants from their present positions" ; that no charges have ever been preferred against any of them, nor have any of them ever been suspended 120 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31 , 1928 from their positions ; that under the statutes their status as principals or teachers "should be determined by merit only," and each of their apointments "has become permanent, subject only to the rules of the board concerning con- duct and efficiency, and subject to removal for cause in the manner provided by section 161 of the Schools Act" ; and that on December 9, 1925, the Board of Education adopted the following resolution : "Be it resolved that the rules of the Board of Education of the City of Chicago, be, and the same are, hereby amended by adding a new article to be known as Article 7A, Chapter IV, and to read as follows : Section 1. There is hereby created a branch of the educational service of the Board of Education which shall be known as 'Emeritus Service,' to which all members of the teaching force, including teachers, princi- pals, supervisors, directors, district superintendents, assistant superintend- ents, superintendents other than the Superintendent of Schools, and exam- iners, except as hereinafter provided, shall be assigned when they snall have respectively reached the age of seventy years, provided, however, that such assignments shall be made only in cases where said persons have been in active and continuous service in the public schools of the City of Chicago for at least twenty years prior to such retirement. Hereafter no member of the teaching force shall be continued in class room or super- visory duties who shall be more than seventy years of age. First Emeritus Rule provided Section 2. It shall be the duty of the Superintendent of Schools on the 3 for "retirement" first day of January and the first day of July in each year, or as soon thereafter as possible, to report to the Board of Education in writing the names of all persons of the teaching force who have or will have attained the age of seventy years on the first day of February or August next en- suing, and he shall recommend ( unless he is of the opinion that charges shall be preferred against such persons in accordance with the statute and rules in such cases made and provided) that such persons shall de retired from regular classroom or supervisory service and shall be assigned to the class of service known as 'Emeritus Service,' and be subject to the call of the Superintendent of Schools or the Board of Education for con- sultation, advice and such other service as may from time to time be required. Section 3. Each person so transferred to 'Emeritus Service' shall be paid annually during the continuance of such service a sum equal to one- half of the average annual salary received by such person during the ten years preceding his transfer to 'Emeritus Service' but no person so trans- ferred shall receive annually less than Fifteen Hundred Dollars nor more than Twenty-five Hundred Dollars." The bill further alleges that the Board has announced that in the enforce- ment of said rules it will pay out of the school funds, to those members of its teaching force to be placed in such service, $65,000 for the current year and larger sums thereafter ; that on January 13, 1926, the Board concurred in a report of the Superintendent of Schools ( No. 13535-B, dated December 31, 1925, copy set forth ) wherein there were named seventy-four (74) principals Board names group of 74 or teachers in the schools, including complainants, who are more than sev- to be "retired" 4 enty years of age or who will attain that age on February 1st, and who will be placed in such service; that the Board also has announced that at the meet- ing, to be held on January 27, 1926, it will select persons to fill the positions of complainants and of all others named in said report; and that said rules, so adopted and so to be enforced, "are contrary to the limitations contained in said Schools Act," and are "beyond the power and authority of said Board of Education, as limited by section 131 of said Act and other sections, as amended, " and " are void and of no effect ." The bill further alleges that on January 20, 1926, complainants, and the other persons affected, were notified that on January 31st they would be retired from their classroom and supervisory service and " assigned to the 'Emeritus Service' , subject to the call of the Superintendent of Schools, or the Board, for consultation or advice; " that this will result in their being ex- cluded from their present respective positions without any charges having Group of 74 notified been preferred against them and without any trials had thereunder; that they will be " retired " the proposed action will cause " unlawful and unconstitutional diversions of 5 moneys raised by taxes", will "deprive complainants of property without due process of law" , and will be " an abuse of discretion vested by law in the Board of Education" ; and that the rules " are arbitrary, unreasonable and void and in violation of the State and Federal Constitutions", that their enforcement will result in a multiplicity of suits, and that complainants have no adequate remedy at law for the recovery of damages thereby to be suffered by them . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 121 March 31, 1928 The bill prayed for a preliminary as well as a permanent injunction, 그 restraining defendants from enforcing or attempting to enforce the rules Teachers pray Court to act 6 as against complainants, from preventing them from performing their class- before ouster room and supervisory duties and from transferring them to said Emeritus 1 Service . A In complainants' supplemental bill, filed three days later, the events 1 resulting in their transfer to said service, and in the placing of other per- sons in their respective former positions, are set forth in considerable detail. The prayer of the supplemental bill is, that the court forthwith issue an injunction order, "directing said Board of Education and Superin- tendent of Schools to restore complainants to their former status, positions and conditions, and be enjoined from thereafter dismissing, removing or Teachers ousted-places ! 7 retiring the complainants, or any of them, from their respective status, posi- filled-they pray Court to restore them tions and conditions ; and that defendants be commanded to order and cause the several persons, purported to be assigned to take the respective positions of complainants, to desist and refrain from interfering, or attempt- ing to interfere with complainants respectively in their positions and the performance of their duties, as held by them at the time of the filing of 1 their original bill ", etc. On February 4, 1926, complainants' motion for a preliminary injunction was denied. On March 27, 1926, the Board of Education, its officers and 8 members and the Superintendent of Schools, filed a joint and several answer Court denies both prayers 1 to both bills, and in September, 1926, there was a hearing before the chan- of teachers 1 cellor, at which considerable oral and documentary evidence was introduced by both parties. Some evidence offered by complainants was excluded. 1 On the hearing, the said rules, adopted December 9, 1925, were introduced by complainants, and it appeared that during March, 1926, these rules were twice amended by the Board, upon recommendation of the Superintendent of Schools. In the first amendment the provision in section 1, as to the length of service in the schools was changed from "twenty" to "fifteen" years, and the words "prior to such retirement " were eliminated, and, in Board amends rule- 9 section 2, the words "shall be retired" were changed to read "shall be Changes word "retirement” to "transfer" transferred" . In the second amendment the provision in section 1, as to the length of service in the schools was changed from "fifteen" to "ten" years . It further appeared that shortly prior to January 30, 1926, the three com- plainants, and others similarly situated, in accordance with said rules and the action of the Board, ceased acting as principals or teachers and their respective places, in the performance of classroom or supervisory duties, were taken by others. Both Armstrong and Miss Hecox testified to the effect that since they had been placed in the Emeritus Service they had not been requested to do much of any work in connection with the schools ; that each had received a circular letter from the Superintendent of Schools, dated January 29, 1926, (introduced in evidence) asking them to select from a list of about 80 topics, 4 or 5 topics as to which they might assist the Board by work or advice in connection therewith; that each had replied to the circular, mentioning certain topics, but that they had not yet been requested to do any work on the topics chosen. Miss Hecox, who latterly had been a teacher in the "sub-normal division" of the schools, testified The Emeritus "Service" 10 that on one occasion she was requested to make out a list of books, suitable required only 15 minutes for the new curriculum committee to read or refer to in making out a work per month course of studies for said sub-normal division, and that she complied with the request and made out such a list, taking about fifteen minutes in writing it. The evidence, however, did not disclose that complainants, or any other 1 former principals or teachers assigned to said service, had been required to do any work, or give any advice. Armstrong further testified that he had been receiving a salary of $6,450 per year as a principal of a school, not including about $700 received for services in a summer school, but that since being assigned to said service, he had been receiving a salary, under protest, at the rate of $2,500 per year. } On the hearing, also, there was introduced by complainants a copy, certi- fied by the Secretary of State of Illinois, of the so-called "Miller Act." It Miller Law introduced in 11 appears that although this Act was passed by both houses of the legislature evidence at hearing on before adjournment in June, 1925, it was not presented to or signed by the September 22, 1926 Governor, and did not become a law, until May 19, 1926. ( See Cahill's Stat . 122 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 1927, chap. 122, p. 2296.) This Act was entitled "An Act to provide for the compulsory retirement of teachers, principals, district superintendents and assistant superintendents, and the payment of retirement annuities." And it was further disclosed on the hearing that, while this act was pending before the legislature, the Board of Education, through its agents, etc., was very active in urging its passage ; and that the Board, believing that the proposed act had failed to become a law in 1925, passed the rules in question in December, 1925, and amended them, as shown in March, 1926. In section 1 of said Miller Act it is provided "that, in every city in this State having a pop- ulation exceeding 250,000 inhabitants, the board of education of such city shall retire from active service on February 1st and August 1st of each year all * * teachers , principals in the public schools of such city" in accordance with a graduated schedule to become operative in the future, viz., in the year 1926, all teachers , principals, etc., seventy-five or more years of age; in the year 1927, all such seventy-four or more years of age; in the year 1928, all such seventy-three or more years of age ; in the year 1929, all such seventy-two or more years of age ; and in the year 1930, all such seventy or more years of age. Inasmuch as about January 30, 1926, ( when said Emeritus rules became ef- fective and first were acted upon) two of the complainants, and some of the other teachers, were only seventy years of age, it is apparent that, had said act then been in force, complainants and such other teachers could not lawfully under said act be retired, compulsorily, from their positions until during the year 1929, when they will have reached the age of seventy-three years . Section 2 of said Miller Act is as follows : "Each person so retired from active service who served in the public schools of such city for twenty or more years prior to such retirement, shall be paid the sum of fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500) annually and for life from the date of such retirement from the money de- rived from the general tax * levy for educational purposes : Provided, that * any teacher, principal , so retired and receiving such annuity shall Text of Miller Law cited be subject to the call of the superintendent of schools, in such city for con- 12 sultation and advisory service : And, provided, further, that nothing in this Act contained * * shall in any way impair or prejudice any rights of a teacher, principal so retired, to annuity under other statutory provisions concerning any teachers' pension fund, or teachers' pension and retirement fund, established in accordance with the provisions of any statute of this II . State ; and shall not repeal or modify any other such statutory provisions ." An examination of the session laws of 1927 ( Laws 1927, p. 792 ; see also, Citations and Opinion. Cahill's Stat. 1927, p. 2296 ) discloses that our legislature at that session treated said Miller Act as being one which became in force on May 19, 1926, (about Miller Law in force on four months before the hearing in the present case) and passed an act amenda- May 19, 1926 tory thereof, approved June 24, 1927, in which the title of said act was amended, 13 and a new section, No. 3 , was added thereto, providing as well for the voluntary retirement of teachers, principals, etc., " who are 65 or more years of age and Emeritus case heard in who have not reached the age of compulsory retirement as provided in sections Circuit Court on one and two " of the act, and the payment to such teachers, etc., in graduated September 22, 1926 amounts, of " annuities for life from the monies derived from the general tax 14 levy for educational purposes ." Some of the pertinent sections, or parts thereof, of the Schools Act of 1909, as amended, and particularly some of the 1917 amendments, to certain sections, known as the "Otis " amendments, are set forth below . In 1917, sections 128 to Appellate Court refers to 139 , inclusive, and section 161, of said act of 1909, applying to Boards of Edu- statutes and Cites Fursman cation in Cities exceeding 100,000 inhabitants, were amended, these amended case against Loeb-Rule of conduct sections becoming in force on April 20, 1917. (Laws 1917, p. 724.) On April 19, 15 1917, our Supreme Court decided the case of People ex rel. Fursman v. City of Chicago, 278, I11. 318, on the basis of said act of 1909, as in force before said " Otis" amendments became effective ; and in the opinion it is said (p. 325) : "By the statute the board of education in cities having a population of 100,000 or more is given complete control of the schools of the city. Among its powers is that of employing teachers and fixing the amount of their * Supreme Court Opinion compensation . * The board has no power to make contracts for the in Loeb Rule case cited employment of teachers to extend beyond the ensuing school year. * 16 A new contract must be made each year with such teachers as it desires to retain in its employ. No person has a right to demand that he or she shall be employed as a teacher. The board has the absolute right to decline to employ or to re-employ any applicant for any reason whatever or for no * * reason at all It is no infringement upon the constitutional rights of anyone for the board to decline to employ him as a teacher in the schools * *” March 31 , 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 123 It is our opinion that, in passing said "Otis" amendments, the intention of 1 the legislature was to secure for teachers and principals in schools in cities having a population of 100,000 or more, including, of course, Chicago, a per- Opinion of Appellate Court that Otis Law secures teach- 1 manency in the tenure of their positions, and that they be not required to make ers permanency of Tenure yearly contracts with boards of education in such cities. In section 130, as amended, it is provided in part (Cahill's Stat., 1927, p. 2279 ) : } "Appointments, promotions and transfers of teachers, principals, assistant 17 and districts superintendents, and all other employees in the teaching force, * * shall be made by the board of education, only upon the recommenda- tion of the superintendent of schools, unless it be by a two-thirds vote of all the members of the board . " In section 131, as amended, it is provided in part : " The board of education shall, subject to the limitations contained in this Act, establish by-laws, rules and regulations, which shall have the force of ordinances , for the proper maintenance of a uniform system of discipline for both *employees and pupils, and for the entire management of the *" schools, In section 137, as amended, it is provided ( Cahill's Stat. 1927, p. 2281 ) : "The board of education shall, subject to the limitations contained in this Sections of Otis Law Act, have the power to prescribe the courses and methods of study in the supporting Opinion that 18 various schools and to employ teachers and other educational employees teachers' tenure is permanent and fix their compensation ." In section 138 , as amended, it is provided in part : *, * Appointments and promotions of teachers, principals and other educational employees shall be made for merit only, and, after satisfactory service for a probationary period of three years, * * appointments of teachers and principals shall become permanent, subject to the rules of the board concerning conduct and efficiency, and subject to removal for cause * * in the manner provided by section 161 of this Act. In section 139, as amended, it is provided : "The specifications of the powers herein granted are not to be construed as exclusive, but the board of education shall exercise all the powers that may be requisite or proper for the maintenance and the fullest development of an efficient public school system, not inconsistent with these (those ) general provisions of the school law of the State which apply to all school districts ." In section 161, as amended in 1917, and as further amended in its last clause in 1923 ( Laws 1923, p. 620 ; see Cahill's Stat. 1927, p. 2286) it is pro- vided: "No teacher or principal who has been or shall be appointed by said board of education shall ( after serving the probationary period of three years specified in section 138 of this Act) be removed except for cause, and then only by a vote of not less than a majority of all members of the board, upon written charges presented by the superintendent of schools to be heard by the board, or a duly authorized committee of the same, after thirty days' notice with copy of the charges is served upon the person against whom they are preferred, who shall have the privilege of being present, together with counsel, offering evidence and making defense there- to. At the request of any party such hearing shall be public. The action and decision of the board in the matter shall be final. Pending the hear- ing of such charges, the person charged may be suspended as by the rules of the board may be prescribed ; provided, however, that in the event of acquittal, such person shall not suffer any loss of salary by reason of this suspension. If at any time , prior to the completion of 25 years of service, within the meaning of this Act, any member of the teaching force who is willing to continue in the service of said board of education is removed from said service as provided in this section ; or if at any time, prior to the com- pletion of 25 years of service, within the meaning of this Act, any member of the teaching force retires voluntarily from the said service, then in either such case such member shall, upon application to said board of trustees, be paid back all the money he or she may have contributed to said fund ." Said section 161, as so amended, appears among the sections of the " Schools Act" of 1909, numbered 152 to 165, inclusive, headed " Teachers' Pension Fund. " (See Cahill's Stat. 1927, p. 2282, et seq. ) 124 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 The main contentions of complainants' counsel, urged for the reversal of the decree dismissing complainants' bills for want of equity, are, in substance, (1) that said Emeritus rules are illegal and void, in that the Board of Educa- Appellate Court holds- tion was without legislative authority to pass them; and ( 2 ) that the com- (1) Emeritus Service Rules pulsory retirement thereunder of complainants from their positions as prin- are illegal and void cipals or teachers in the schools was in effect a removal, in violation of the 19 (2) Emeritus teachers were illegally removed provisions of section 138 and 161 of the Schools Act, as amended by the "Otis" amendments. After examining the statutes and considering the evidence intro- duced on the hearing, we are of the opinion that these contentions have sub- stantial merit . Under said section 138, as amended, complainants' positions as principals or teachers in the schools had become permanent, subject (1) "to the rules of the board concerning conduct and efficiency," and (2 ) "to removal for cause in the manner provided by section 161 of this Act." On the hearing, Counsel for Board admits- defendants' counsel admitted that, prior to the time of complainants' assign- ment to the Emeritus service, no attempt had been made to remove com- 20 (1) No charges were made against the 74 teachers plainants from their respective former positions under amended section 161, that no written charges had been preferred against them and that no hearing on any charges had been had. Counsel stated that the only fact, militating against their retention of said positions, was that they were seventy or more years of age. Defendants' counsel further admitted that, if complainants' as. signment to the Emeritus Service be considered as a removal (as distin- (2) Board had not power to guished from a transfer) the Board of Education did not have sufficient statu- remove the 74 teachers tory authority to so assign complainants ; but they contended and contend 21 here, that complainants only were transferred to " another class of service in the educational department," in which the duties of giving consultation, advice, etc., had been prescribed by the rules. Counsel further contended, (3) The 74 were transferred, and contend here, that authority for making such a transfer of teachers or not removed 22 principals as a class, is found in amended section 130 of the Schools Act, wherein it is provided that " appointments, promotions and transfers of teach- Appellate Court holds- ers, principals , etc., shall be made, " etc. We cannot agree with either of these (1) 74 teachers were removed not transferred contentions. We think that complainants in effect were removed from their positions as principals or teachers , in violation of the provisions of said 23 ( 2) Removal was in viola- tion of Otis Law amended section 161 , and that the words " appointments, promotions and trans- (3) Transfers are individual fers , " as used in section 130 , have reference to individual appointments, not by groups promotions and transfers, rather than to a class of teachers or principals, etc. The evidence introduced on the hearing discloses that the services or duties, which complainants ( under the Emeritus rules and after their transfer to such service) were expected to perform and actually were called upon to Emeritus " Service" performed perform, were unsubstantial ; and also tends to show that the real intent of was unsubstantial, real intent the Board, in passing and acting upon said rules, was to retire complainants, was to retire the 74, consulta- 24 and other principals and teachers who had reached seventy years of age, tion and advisory service were pretense and disguise virtually upon a pension, and that the consultation and advisory service, as mentioned in the rules, was in the nature of a pretense or disguise, giving color to the claim that complainants still were in the educational service, whereas in fact they really had been retired or removed therefrom . Defendants' counsel, in defending the Board's actions complained of, direct attention to the fact that the permanency of complainants' positions as principals or teachers , as provided in said section 138 , was "subject to the rules of the board concerning conduct and efficiency," and also that amended Board's Counsel Contends- section 139 provides that " the board of education shall exercise all the powers That Board has power that may be requisite or proper for the maintenance and fullest development to pass rules of conduct of an efficient public school system." Counsel contended in substance before and efficiency and retire groups and classes of the chancellor and contend here, that, because of these provisions and without 25 regard to those contained in said amended section 161, the Board of Educa- teachers without notice, charges or trial tion had statutory authority to pass the rules in question, and to retire thereunder, complainants and the other principals and teachers as a group or class after their reaching the age of seventy years, upon the presumption that all in such group or class, solely because of age, had become inefficient to perform classroom or supervisory duties, although none of the individuals of the group or class had been shown to be inefficient to perform such duties . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 125 March 31 , 1928 We cannot agree with the contention . We think that the words " concern- ing conduct and efficiency," as used in said amended section 138, clearly refer to the conduct and efficiency of an individual principal or teacher, etc. One Appellate Court Holds- of the definitions of the word "conduct" , as found in the Century Dictionary, Board may pass rules is " personal behavior or practice," and one of the definitions of "efficiency" as to personal conduct 26 is "the state of possessing or having acquired adequate knowledge or skill and personal eficiency not group conduct or in any art, profession , or duty." Considering together the provisions of amended sections 138, 139 and 161 , we think the Board of Education could group efficiency pass reasonable rules as to the personal conduct and efficiency of principals, teachers, etc.; that the permanency of the tenure of such employees would be subject to such rules ; and that, if it be proven that any one of such em- ployees, after charges preferred and a hearing had , had violated said rules or had ceased to measure up to them, such employee as an individual might be retired or removed ; but we do not think it was the legislative intent that Removal under rules of the board might retire, and in effect remove, all the principals, or teachers, or conduct and efficiency must be 27 other employees, of a class, solely upon the ground that each individual individual removals after 1 in that class, because of reaching a certain age, should be presumed to be individual charges, trial and conviction, not group inefficient, without charges being preferred as to the inefficiency of each indi- removals vidual , and without an opportunity being given him to defend at a hearing, and without any proof of his actual inefficiency. 1 Complainants' counsel, as further grounds for a reversal of the decree appealed from, also contend that the Emeritus rules are invalid, ( a) because they provide for the disbursement of public moneys without substantial services being rendered therefor, and (b) because they in effect attempt to establish a pension system in conflict with the teachers' pension provisions as contained in the Schools Act. In view of our above holdings we do not deem it necessary to discuss or decide these questions . In conclusion , we are of the opinion , that the Circuit Court erred in The Appellate Court Con- 5 cludes- entering the decree dismissing complainants' bill for want of equity. Ac- cordingly, such decree is reversed and the cause is remanded to the Circuit That the Circuit Court Court, with directions that it enter a decree directing the Board of Education should have granted the 3 28 to restore complainants to their respective positions, as principals and teachers Emeritus teachers an injunction and that Judge in the Chicago public schools, as of the date of their said retirement or removal Friend be directed to order therefrom by said Board about January 30, 1926, but that their tenure in the Board of Education to said positions be subject to the provisions of said " Miller Act " , as originally restore these principals and teachers to their former in force on May 19, 1926, and as amended on June 24, 1927. 1 positions REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS BARNES, P. J., and SCANLAN, J., concur. E Judge Friend Said : FROM EXCERPTS FROM STENOGRAPHIC RE- riod has elapsed the statute seems to contemplate, as I PORT OF HEARING IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF understand it, that appointments of teachers and prin- 1 COOK COUNTY, BEFORE JUDGE HUGO FRIEND . cipals shall become permanent, that is, after the three ARMSTRONG ET AL. VS. CITY OF CHICAGO ET AL. ON SEPT. 22, 1926. years; and here is the significant part of it-subject to 1 the rules of the Board concerning conduct and efficiency Page 166, 167. The judge among other things, said : -that is one qualification; and later subject to removal Now, the crux of the argument, it seems to me, cen- for cause in the manner provided by section 161. That ters in this section 162 of Cahill that has been also re- is the section that is numbered 181 in Cahill's Statutes , ferred to as 138 of the Otis Act. That Act says ex- and that refers to the manner in which a particular in- pressly, and it seems to me quite clearly, that appoint- dividual may be discharged at any time by the prefer- ments and promotions of teachers, principals and other ment of charges against him or her, and a trial. educational employes shall be made for merit only. Then Now that seems to be clear, and providing two ways it goes on and mentions a probationary period of three in which teachers may be retired. One is by bringing years, that has been referred to here by both sides. charges against them and giving them a trial, and then During that probationary period the Board of Education having a vote taken by the members of the Board upon may either accept or reject teachers for no reason at the question of whether or not that teacher shall be all. In other words, if during that period the superin- retired-that is one method; and the other is by the tendent should feel that any teacher under such proba- passage of such rules concerning conduct and efficiency tion is not satisfactory, he could simply discharge her as the Board may pass from time to time. * * * * * by giving his written reasons. After the three year pe- 126 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 Circuit and Supreme Court Decisions in Emeritus Case Below are printed the decision of Judge Hugo M. Friend, rendered October 8, 1926, and the Supreme Court decision of December 21, 1927 : the schools, such boards of education are not municipal corporations, STATE OF ILLINOIS ( S.S. COUNTY OF COOK } and such by-laws, rules and regulations are not ordinances as that term is used in the statute conferring jurisdiction upon the Supreme In the Circuit Court of Cook County Court to review city and village ordinances. (People v. Board of James E. Armstrong, et. al . Education, 325 Ill. 320, followed.) vs. Board of Education of the APPEAL from the Circuit Court of Cook county; the City of Chicago, et. al. HON. HUGO M. FRIEND , Judge, presiding. Gen. No. В - 128137 DUNNE & CORBOY, I. T. GREENACRE, ALLAN J. In Chancery CARTER, and WILLIS E. THORNE, for appellants . Hugo M. Friend Oct. 8, 1926 FRANK S. RIGHEIMER ( RALPH W. CONDEE, of This day came the complainants James E. Armstrong, counsel) , for appellees . Chester C. Dodge and Mary R. Hecox by their solicitors, and the defendants Board of Education of the City of MR. JUSTICE STONE delivered the opinion of the Chicago; Edward B. Ellicott, President of the Board court: of Education of City of Chicago and member thereof; Opinion Charles E. Gilbert, Secretary of the Board of Educa- tion of the City of Chicago ; Harry H. Brackett, Auditor Appellants filed a bill in the circuit court of Cook of the Board of Education of the City of Chicago ; county to enjoin the enforcement of a lule adopted by Edgar N. Greenebaum, Vice President of the Board the board of education of the city of Chicago and known of Education of the City of Chicago and a member and designated as the emeritus rule. Appellants were thereof; Julius F. Smietanka; J. Lewis Coath; Mrs. principals and teachers in the schools in the city of Chi- W. S. Hefferan; Charles T. Byrne; Mrs. Johanna cago and aver in their bill that they had been so employed Gregg; Edward B. Ellicott; John A. English; Edgar for a period of more than ten years next prior to the N. Greenebaum; Dr. Victor R. Schiller; James Mullen- filing of the bill. The bill avers that appellants are each bach; Theophilus Schmid, members of the Board of more than seventy years of age. They allege that without Education of the city of Chicago; and William McAn- notice or trial, as required by law, they have been removed drew, Superintendent of Schools of the Board of Educa- from their positions as principals and teachers. The tion of the City of Chicago, and this cause coming on to court heard the case, dismissed appellants' bill for want be heard upon the Bill of Complaint and supplemental of equity, and certified that the validity of a municipal Bill of Complaint herein and the answers of all the de- ordinance is involved and that the public interest requires fendants, above named to the Bill of Complaint and sup- that an appeal be taken directly to this court. plemental Bill of Complaint, and the court having heard In People vs. Board of Education, 325 Ill. 320, this court the testimony of all the parties complainants , and de- held that while by-laws and rules and regulations of fendants above named hereto and the arguments of boards of education have the force of ordinances within counsel for complainants and defendants and being fully advised in the premises, it is ordered, adjudged and de- the school district for the purpose of discipline and man- agement of the schools, such boards of education are not creed that the Complainants' Bill of Complaint and sup- municipal corporations, and such by-laws, rules and regu- plemental Bill of Complaint be and the same hereby are lations are not ordinances as that term is used in the dismissed for want of equity. statute conferring jurisdiction upon this court to review ENTER HUGO M. FRIEND , Judge. city and village ordinances . This court has no jurisdic- tion of the appeal, and the cause will be transferred to the Appellate Court for the First District. FROM ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTER, ADVANCED SHEETS, Cause transferred . JAN. 18, 1928, VOLUME 328, PAGE 147 SUPREME COURT OF ILLINOIS 1030c312 OTIS LAW JAMES E. ARMSTRONG et. al. Appellants, vs. THE SESSION LAWS OF 1917- P . 727 CITY OF CHICAGO et. al. Appellees Sec. 131 No. 18030- Reversed and Remanded The Board of Education shall, subject to the limitations Opinion Filed December 21 , 1927 contained in this act, establish by-laws, rules and regula- APPEALS AND ERRORS rule of school board is not an tions, which shall have the force of ordinances, for the ordinance authorizing direct appeal. While by-laws and rules and proper maintenance of a uniform system of discipline for regulations of boards of education have the force of ordinances within both employees and pupils, and for the entire management the school district for the purpose of discipline and management of of the schools, * * *" MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 127 March 31 , 1928 Teachers Sign Petition in Emeritus Service Case X More Than 8,500 Ask Board to Abide by Appellate Court Decision At a meeting of the Chicago Teachers' and referred to the School Administration Federation March 10, a resolution was passed committee and the attorney for the Board . asking the Board of Education to abide by the Since the petition was presented, more than Appellate Court decision handed down Febru- a thousand additional names have been re- ary 14, 1928. The opinion reversed Judge ceived, bringing the total up to 8561 . Friend's decision of October 8, 1926. The Principals' Club also passed a similar On March 15, a petition was sent out by resolution and assisted in circulating the pe- the Chicago Teachers' Federation giving the tition in the schools and in getting the signa- 4 teachers an opportunity to make a similar re- tures of the teachers . quest of the Board over their signatures . The Following are the resolution, a letter to the petition with nearly 7,500 signatures was Board transmitting it, a communication to 導 presented to the Board Wednesday, March 28, Mr. English regarding it and the petition : March 13, 1928. the largest and therefore the lowest paid group of teachers, namely, the Elementary teachers . To the Honorable the Board of Education This resolution was adopted by the Chicago Teachers' and the Members thereof. Federation at its meeting on March 10 and the officers Ladies and Gentlemen : were directed to transmit it to the Board of Education at its meeting on March 14. Herewith is a resolution requesting that the Board of Respectfully submitted, Education, if it gives any consideration to salary in- THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . creases in the 1928 Budget, give first consideration to By : Mary M. Abbe, President. RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION 2 ON MARCH 10, 1928 , AND PRESENTED TO THE BOARD OF EDUCATION AT ITS MEETING ON MARCH 14, 1928 ‫ا‬ (Referred to a conference of the members of the Board of Education with the attorney for the Board.) be WHEREAS : The Appellate Court on February 14, WHEREAS : Thirty - eight efficient teachers who were 1928, handed down an opinion which reverses Judge officers and members of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- Friend's decision of October 8, 1926, and holds that the tion, which organization had officers who were not mem- removal by the Board of Education on January 27, 1926, bers of the teaching force and which was affiliated with of 74 principals and teachers under the Board's Emeri- the Chicago Federation of Labor, failed of re-election in tus Service Rule, without notice, charges, hearing, or June 1916 and were not restored to the service until trial, was a violation of the tenure provisions of the June, 1917, after the enactment of the Otis Law; there- Otis Law; and fore be it WHEREAS : This Opinion of the Appellate Court RESOLVED : That it is the sense of the Chicago ‫ای‬ sustains the contention of counsel for the teachers , Teachers' Federation that it cannot but disturb the peace namely, that under the tenure provisions of the Otis of mind of the teachers, and thus militate against their Law the Board of Education has no power to remove efficiency, for the present Board of Education to seek a from the service any teacher (after the three year pro- reversal of the Appellate Court decision for the purpose ‫ا‬ bationary period), except upon notice, charges, hearing of attempting to secure now from the Supreme Court and trial in each individual case, as provided in Section a decision upholding Judge Friend's interpretation of the 161 of that law; and Otis Law which sustains the contention that the Board has power under the law to retire teachers under rules WHEREAS : Judge Friend's decision in the Circuit of conduct and efficiency without notice, charges, hearing Court was based on the contention that the Board of or trial, the same contention maintained by the Boards Education has power under the Otis Law to enact rules of Education in 1915 and in 1925, respectively; and be it of conduct and efficiency and to retire classes or groups further of teachers from the service under these rules without RESOLVED : That the Chicago Teachers' Federation notice, charges or trial; and earnestly urge the Board of Education to abide by the 1 WHEREAS: The Board of Education on September decision of the Appellate Court in this Emeritus Service 1, 1915, enacted a rule of conduct known as the " Loeb case and to cease to contend further for the right to Rule," which forbade teachers to belong to any organi- dismiss teachers in groups or classes under rules of effi- zation of teachers which was a union or which was ciency and conduct such as the so -called Emeritus Serv- affiliated with a federation of unions or to belong to ice Rule and the Loeb Anti-Organization Rule. any organization of teachers which had officers who THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . were not members of the teaching force; and By: Mary M. Abbe, President. 128 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 PETITION To abide by Appellate Court decision sustaining right of Principals and Teachers to notice, charges, hearing and trial before removal. To the Honorable, We respectfully represent to the Board that the peace The Board of Education, of mind of the teachers cannot fail to be seriously dis- City of Chicago : turbed and their efficiency lowered by the Board con- Ladies and Gentlemen : tinuing to attempt to obtain a reversal of this Appellate We, the undersigned teachers in the Chicago public Court opinion and to secure confirmation by the Su- schools , petition your Honorable Board to abide by the preme Court of Judge Friend's opinion sustaining the decision handed down February 14, 1928, in the case of contention of Counsel for the Board of Education, Armstrong and others vs. the City of Chicago, the Board namely, that the Board may pass rules of conduct and of Education and others , No. 32497, in the Appellate efficiency and dismiss classes or groups of teachers under Court, which holds that the removal, on January 27, 1926, these rules without notice, charges, hearing or trial as under the Emeritus Service Rule of the Board of Educa- was done in 1926 under the Emeritus Service rule tion, of 74 principals and teachers without notice, charges, (adopted by the Board after the enactment of the Otis hearing or trial was a violation of the Teachers' Tenure Law) and as was done in 1916 under the Loeb anti- provisions of the Otis Law. organization rule (adopted by the Board before the en- We petition the Board to accept the interpretation of actment of the Otis Law) . the Otis Law laid down in this Appellate Court opinion We, therefore, earnestly urge your Honorable Board which reverses the opinion of Judge Friend in the Cir- to direct the attorney for the Board to abide by the cuit Court and sustains the contention of Counsel for the decision of the Appellate Court and not to attempt to teachers in the Emeritus Service case, namely, that the review said decision in the Supreme or any other Court Board of Education has no power under the Otis Law and to withdraw what, if any, application may have to remove teachers from the service (after three years been made seeking such review. probationary period) except upon notice, charges, hear- School. ing and trial in each individual case as provided in Sec- tion 161 of the Otis Law . Chicago, March 15, 1928. LETTER TO MR. ENGLISH Mr. John A. English, March 13, 1928. of the enclosed resolution which shows the contention Vice - President, Board of Education, of the Board of Education, which was sustained by Judge Chicago, Illinois . Friend on October 8, 1926, but was reversed by the Ap- Dear Mr. English : pellate Court on February 14, 1928, after the case had Herewith is a copy of the resolution adopted by the been in the Supreme Court for more than a year when Chicago Teachers' Federation last Saturday, March 10, that court without rendering an opinion on its merits requesting the Board of Education to take action at its transferred the case to the Appellate Court. That con- tention [ of the Board of Education) is that the Board next meeting on March 14, directing the attorney not to take the Emeritus case to the Supreme Court but to of Education has power to pass rules of conduct which abide by the decision of the Appellate Court rendered on Mr. Greenacre explained to the Chicago Teachers' Fed- February 14, 1928, holding the Emeritus Rule of the eration last Saturday would mean power to pass Loeb Board of Education a violation of the teachers' tenure anti- organization rules . In view of the fact that the Supreme Court sustained provisions of the Otis law. This resolution is in the hands of the Secretary of the Board of Education and the Loeb Anti- Organization Rule in 1917 before the Otis a copy has been presented to the President and every Law was in force, it will be a serious blow to the right of member of the Board. teachers to organize to have the present Board of Edu- As the only member of the Board of Education who cation ask the Supreme Court to apply the same inter- voted against the adoption of this Emeritus Service pretation now to the Otis Law . I also call your attention to the fact that the Loeb Rule on December 9, 1925, and as one of the five mem- rule not only denied teachers the right to affiliate with bers of the present Board whose name appears on the motion filed in the Appellate Court on March 6 (copy labor but it denied them the right to belong to organi- zations of teachers whose officers were not members of enclosed) , asking the Appellate Court to stay its man- the teaching force; in other words, "no FREE agents date to restore these teachers pending final disposition need apply." of the Board's case in the Supreme Court, I respectfully Mr. Greenacre pointed out to the teachers at the Fed- request, on behalf of the Chicago Teachers ' Federation, eration meeting last Saturday, March 10, the insidious that you present this resolution to the Board and ask that it be printed in the proceedings . dangers lurking in this interpretation of the power of the Board of Education under the Otis Law. We want The Appellate Court [ today, March 13 ] acted on that motion [ of March 6 for a stay of mandate ] and entered to prevent any possibility of a recurrence of the expe- an order directing the stay of mandate until April 3, on rience of 1916 when 68 teachers were dropped, 38 of which date the Board's attorneys must have their writ of whom were members of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- certiorari filed in the Supreme Court or the Appellate tion, which then had and still has two FREE agents. Court mandate will then issue. We sincerely hope to have your aid and support in securing Board action on March 14 directing the attor- In the absence of specific directions on March 14 from the Board of Education to abide by the decision and neys not to take this case to the Supreme Court but in- cease litigation, the attorneys are bound to continue the stead to abide by the decision of the Appellate Court litigation in the name of the Board of Education and of handed down on February 14. the five Board members whose names appear on this Very sincerely yours, MARGARET A. HALEY, motion. BUSINESS REPRESENTATIVE I wish to call your attention to the underlined portions CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. March 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 129 Return of Emeritus Teachers Would Not Disturb Schools Letter Shows Minimum Readjustment Necessary In order that Board members who lacked In the letter Miss Haley points out that 1 information or who had received misinforma practically no confusion would be caused by tion regarding the effect abiding by the abiding by the decision and that a minimum Appellate Court decision might have upon the readjustment would be required in placing schools, Miss Haley, representing the Chicago principals and teachers who returned to the Teachers' Federation, addressed a letter to schools by virtue of the Appellate Court de- Mr. English , asking an opportunity to be cision. heard at the conference to which the Feder- Below are excerpts from the letter ation resolution was referred . addressed to Mr. English : EXCERPTS FROM LETTER TO MR. ENGLISH Armstrong, removed from the Englewood High March 19, 1928. School ; Mr. Rosseter, removed from the prin- Mr. John A. English, cipalship of the Tilden Tech; Mr. Franklin P. Vice- President, Board of Education, Fisk of the Tuley High School. 650 S. Clark Street, There are four vacancies to which these three Chicago, Illinois. High School principals could be assigned : Dear Mr. English : A. Mr. Fisk was placed on Emeritus Service on In regard to the resolution from the Chicago Teachers' February 1, 1928, and no one has been appointed Federation urging the Board of Education to abide by as principal of the Tuley High to succeed him. ** * * the Appellate Court's decision of February 14, 1928, in the Emeritus Service case, I respectfully request an op- B. One District Superintendent has been seriously portunity to be heard on this resolution whenever the ill for more than a year and the principal of the ‫ال‬ Board of Education holds the conference to which this Medill High School died a few days ago and resolution was referred by the Board at its meeting nobody has been assigned to the principalship March 14, 1928. of the Medill High. Mr. Rosseter was formerly a 10 A copy of the petition mailed to the schools last Satur- District Superintendent, and before that was prin- day, March 17, for the signature of the teachers is en- cipal of the Medill High School. * * * * -1 closed. This petition contains the gist of the resolution and was sent to the schools for the signature of the C. The principal of the Chicago Normal School teachers as directed by the Chicago Teachers' Federation died on February 17 and his place has not been * * * * at its meeting on March 10. filled. * * * * There are six Elementary Principals on Emer- This petition appears to be necessary in order to clear itus Service and there are four vacancies in Ele- up the misunderstanding which some Board members mentary principalships to be filed: * * * * seem to have in regard to the interest of the teachers in active service in this Appellate Court decision. There were three Elementary principals trans- After the Board meeting last Wednesday, March 14, ferred at the meeting of the Board on March 14 I spoke to one of the Board members who seemed to to three new schools which would leave three feel that the only people who were interested in this vacancies-one in the Pasteur elementary school, Appellate Court decision were the principals and teach- the Hamline elementary school and the Burn- ers who are on the Emeritus Service. This Board mem- side elementary school which would take care of ‫ا‬ ber seemed to think that it was not worth while to dis- three more principals . turb the system to put back these Emeritus Service peo- Another Elementary principal, Miss Newman, ple for the short time they would remain if put back, of the Mayfair, was put on Emeritus Service the and did not seem to realize at all that the teachers in first of February, 1928, and no principal has been active service are vitally interested, and, further, did not assigned to that school. * * * * seem to realize that the system need not be disturbed at all by putting these principals and teachers, now on the I want to point out to you that on the 27th of January, Emeritus Service, back into the active service. 1926, when the Board of Education removed 27 prin- The following shows that there need be no disturbance cipals (high and elementary) , to Emeritus Service, the in placing these principals and teachers back in the ac- Board elected 41 elementary principals, 14 of whom were イ tive service : to fill the places of other principals who were trans- 1. There are only 22 persons in all on Emeritus ferred to new schools opened or to be opened. Service: 10 principals and 12 teachers . (3 High, There is no reason now why the one Junior High 1 Junior High, 6 Elementary principals .) school principal now on Emeritus Service and the one 2. The 12 teachers can be distributed into the sys- elementary principal not provided for by a vacancy could tem without any disturbance of any kind. That is not be provided for by electing a principal to some of admitted and need not be argued. the new schools to be opened up in the near future as 3. Of the 10 principals who are on the Emeritus was done on January 27, 1926, when 27 principals were Service three are High School principals : Mr. removed from the service. イ 130 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 I wish to call your attention to the fact that a very dynamite to do it than that which the Board itself will unusual thing occurred in this [Emeritus Service ] case: furnish. An appeal was taken directly from Judge Friend's de- I should like to see these irritations and upheavals pre- cision in the Circuit Court to the Supreme Court on a vented and I will be glad to show any one, who wants certificate of importance in November, 1926. Briefs were to prevent them, facts that may not otherwise be made filed in the Supreme Court, December term, 1926, and available to the Board members. I say this advisedly because some teachers asked one member of the Board oral arguments were heard before the Supreme Court of Education for some information about this matter on the merits of the case. It was held in the Supreme and was told that there were no teachers put on Emer- Court from December, 1926, to December, 1927, and on itus Service since the Miller law was signed because the that date ordered transferred to the Appellate Court. It Board could not do it, it would be a violation of the does seem remarkable that there should be any desire Miller law. to send that back to the Supreme Court. The Miller law was signed by the Governor in May, One of the five Board members whose name appeared 1926, and since that time 41 principals and teachers have on the motion filed in the Appellate Court on March 6 been removed to Emeritus Service. It seems that there for a Stay of that Court's Mandate made a remark on the is a vast amount of misunderstanding and lack of in- date the Appellate Court rendered its decision, Febru- formation, if not misinformation, on this whole question. ary 14, that the Board could appeal the case and I assure you that I am anxious to remove rather than delay it so that it would not be necessary to put any of to add to the unhappiness and irritation caused by the these people back. I happen to know that when the Emeritus Service compromise which sacrificed more than question was asked officially how much disturbance to 100 principals and teachers to prevent a clash between the system it would cause to put these people back the the Superintendent and the Board of Education over one examiner. reply was that it would take a whole day to tell the amount of disturbance, it would be so great. It certainly seems that there should be no further I sincerely hope that I may be given an opportunity to sacrificing of the twenty-two still on the Emeritus Serv- be heard before your conference of the Board members ice list and no sacrificing of the rights which for more than ten years the 13,000 active teachers have believed in order to clear up the misinformation and lack of in- the Otis law assured them. formation that now exist in the minds of the Board members who think that the restoring of these few prin- I have called up the architect's office and Mr. Christen- cipals would create an earthquake such as rocked the sen tells me that two of the new schools, the Ft. Dear- system on February 1 , 1926, when the principals of 69 born and Bennett, to which principals were transferred schools were removed and shoved around on account of on March 14, opened today ( March 19), the third one to the removal of 27 principals to Emeritus Service. which a principal was transferred on March 14 will open on April 1st. This definitely leaves vacant the principal- I am saying nothing here of the disturbance there will ships of three elementary schools to which I referred be in this system among the 13,000 teachers in active above. service if the Board of Education now takes the posi- tion that it wants Judge Friend's decision sustained and Mr. Christensen tells me that three more elementary schools , the Bone, Onahan and Stone will open on May the Appellate Court's decision reversed. It certainly will not be a welcome announcement to the teachers of Chi- 15. The Manley Junior High School will open Septem- ber 1. cago that this Board of Education wants the Supreme * * * Court's sanction to enact rules of conduct and efficiency under the Otis law, such as the Loeb and the Emeritus This information confirms my statement that there Service rule, and fire teachers out of the system under need be no disturbance in the system by the return of any kind of a subterfuge without notice, charges or trial. these 10 principals . I am sure I do not need to tell you that that will rock Yours very sincerely, the system from stem to stern and it will need no more (Signed) MARGARET A. HALEY. Letter in 1925 Warns Mayor of Danger in Rule Emeritus Shown as Attack on Tenure and Pension Warning on the outcome of the proposed The letter told him that the proposed rule Emeritus rule was sounded by the Chicago made "Jake Loeb look like a piker and the Teachers' Federation as early as December 9, teachers' Tenure and Pension laws look like 1925, when a letter was addressed to Mayor Dever calling his attention to its attack on ghastly jokes ." teachers' tenure . Following is the letter : Mayor William E. Dever, December 9, 1925. their positions at least 27 PRINCIPALS and an unknown City Hall, Chicago. number of teachers . A former member of the Board Dear Mayor Dever : of Education is reporting that a member of the present Unless the Board of Education postpones action today Board stated a few days ago that this rule is to be a new rule will be adopted by the Board, on McAn- adopted and that 250 teachers will be let out. drew's recommendation, that will remove AT ONCE from This makes Jake Loeb look like a "piker" and the March 31 , 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 131 teachers' Tenure and Pension Laws look like ghastly It is my judgment that neither the pertinent data nor jokes . the far-reaching consequences of the adoption of this This proposed new rule is camouflaged under pretense rule have been given the consideration that the possible that the Superintendent will recommend the placing of effect such action may have on the entire school system these principals and teachers on a so -called “Emeritus demands . Service" list, to be paid a nominal salary out of the Edu- No such sudden and wholesale removal from the serv- cational Fund, for advising the Superintendent and Board ice was possible under the provisions of the Bill that of Education. All principals and teachers who are passed both Houses of the last Legislature but failed to seventy years old or over, not so recommended are to become law. The teachers had opportunity to know all be reported by the Superintendent for dismissal on about that Bill and they supported it. It originated with charges . the Board recommended by the Superintendent. Until this Board restores the Teachers ' Advisory Coun- No opportunity was given to teachers or principals to cils which the Superintendent and the last Board de- be heard on this proposed rule. The Committee on Rules stroyed in order to prevent the teachers , WHILE IN and Finance met yesterday in joint meeting and prac- ACTIVE SERVICE , from advising them, it is an insult tically, without discussion, voted to recommend it to the to the intelligence of teachers to pretend that the Su- Board for adoption today, only Mr. English voting no . perintendent or the Board wants the advice of these There certainly will be an unlooked-for aftermath of teachers AFTER THEY ARE SEVENTY YEARS OLD, increased unrest and unhappiness among teachers, prin- or that this report is for the purpose of providing for cipals and children if this rule is adopted today. And such advice. when McAndrew has put 27 principals of his own selec- 1 As many as six schools have been reorganized or dis- tion in command in one fell swoop, and has shifted organized by having their principals shoved up and around double or treble that number of principals, the shifted from school to school when only one principal Board and others too may wake up to realize that the has left the service or has been transferred. About 100 teachers and principals are not the only ones who have 1 schools have been so disturbed by change of principals been sacrificed in this "compromise" agreed upon between in the last two years. the Board and McAndrew to settle their wrangle over The removal AT ONCE of these 27 principals may the appointment of one Examiner. mean the shifting AT ONCE of the principals of another Anyhow my responsibility has been met as best I know hundred schools with the unavoidable reorganization, how to meet it when I send you this letter. and likely disorganization and demoralization in the Yours sincerely, middle of the school year. (Signed) MARGARET A. HALEY. 5 Steps in Litigation in Emeritus Appeal That the history of litigation in the Court ; the motion for a writ of certiorari ; the Emeritus case may be complete, below are order allowing the motion for the stay of man- printed the notice of the motion for the stay date and objections of appellants to the of mandate pending the disposition of the allowance of the motion for an order to stay petition for a writ of certiorari in the Supreme the mandate : IN THE behalf of the Board of Education of the City of Chi- APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS cago, and J. Lewis Coath, Mrs. W. F. Hefferan, John FIRST DISTRICT A. English, James Mullenbach, and Theophilus Schmid, ‫ال‬ members of said Board of Education, appellees in the February Term, A. D. 1928 above entitled cause, move the court to stay the issu- JAMES E. ARMSTRONG, Appeal from Circuit Court ance of the mandate herein, pending disposition of the CHESTER C. DODGE, and of Cook County. petition of said appellees for the writ of certiorari in MARY E. HECOX , Hon . Hugo M. Friend, Chancellor. said Supreme Court of Illinois, a copy of which motion Appellants, v. is herewith delivered to you . CITY OF CHICAGO , BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE Dated Chicago, Illinois, February 29, 1928. CITY OF CHICAGO , et al. , APPELLEES . James Todd, NOTICE TO : DUNNE & CORBOY, Room 538, 289 So. La Salle St. , Solicitor for the Board of Education of the City of Chi- I. T. GREENACRE, Room 822, 38 So. Dearborn St. , cago, et al., Appellees. ALLEN J. CARTER, Room 1414, 53 W. Jackson Blvd. , WILLIS E. THORNE, Room 1048, 11 So. La Salle St. , RECEIVED a copy of aforesaid notice, and copy of Solicitors for Appellants. the motion mentioned therein, this 29th day of Feb- YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED that on Tuesday, ruary, A. D. 1928. DUNNE & CORBOY, March 6, 1928, at the hour of 10:00 o'clock A. M., or as soon thereafter as counsel can be heard, before the I. T. GREENACRE, of ALLEN J. CARTER , Honorable Albert C. Barnes , Martin M. Gridley, and WILLIS E. THORNE , Kickham Scanlan, Judges of the Appellate Court of Illi- nois , First District, Second Division thereof, I shall, on Solicitors for Appellants . Je 132 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 IN THE cause it to require a case to be certified to it for review APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS or determination" has NOT been made to or filed with FIRST DISTRICT that court, but only that appellees "INTEND to file" same, the Appellate Court is without statutory power February Term, A. D. 1928 (to use the statutory language) "to stay the issuing of JAMES E. ARMSTRONG, Appeal from Circuit Court any mandate until said writ of CERTIORARI shall have CHESTER C. DODGE, and of Cook County. been granted or refused" or (to use the words of ap- MARY E. HECOX, Hon. Hugo M. Friend, pellees' proposed order) "pending DISPOSITION of said Appellants, Chancellor. v. petition." CITY OF CHICAGO , BOARD Practice Act, Section 121. OF EDUCATION OF THE Cahill's R. S. (1927) . Ch . 110, P. 120, Sec. 121. CITY OF CHICAGO , et al., APPELLEES . 2. ΜΟΤΙΟΝ And now come the Board of Education of the City This Court will take judicial notice of its own rules and of Chicago, a corporation; and J. Lewis Coath, Mrs. its record in this case and know that appellees can file W. F. Hefferan, John A. English, James Mullenbach, their petition for a CERTIORARI 20 days before the and Theophilus Schmid, members of said Board of next term of the Supreme Court, that is by March 14, Education, appellees in the above entitled cause, by 1928. James Todd, their solicitor, and say that they intend to Practice Act, Section 121. file a petition for the writ of certiorari in the Supreme 3. Court of Illinois, in accordance with the statute of the State of Illinois, and the rules of said Supreme Court in The record discloses that the Emeritus rule now involves such case made and provided, and pray that an order more than the 74 persons originally involved when the may be entered in the above entitled cause staying the bill was filed January 30, 1926. If the case is affirmed issuance of the mandate herein, pending disposition of and if they finally recover back pay, delay will longer the said petition of said appellees for the writ of cer- involve two public payments for one position, and if tiorari, as aforesaid. they recover back pay only from such affirmance delay James Todd, will lose them the pay which such affirmance will have Solicitor for Said Appellees . in effect declared them to have been entitled. IN THE Bittel v. Chicago, 327 Ill. 443. APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS 4. FIRST DISTRICT March Term, A. D. 1928 Where as here no petition for certiorari has been filed, JAMES E. ARMSTRONG, No. 32497. CHESTER C. DODGE , and Appeal from Circuit Court of this Court may and we think should refuse to, but has MARY E. HECOX, Cook County. power to, stay mandate (not until disposition of the Appellants, Hon. Hugo M. Friend, petition but) until petition can be filed, and it is sub- v. Chancellor. mitted that justice and public policy require that any CITY OF CHICAGO, BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE order staying mandate should stay same only until CITY OF CHICAGO, et al., March 14, 1928, and so bring the case into the Supreme Appellees. Court at the April Term instead of the June Term and OBJECTIONS OF APPELLANTS TO ALLOWANCE OF so facilitate an early decision and before the long vaca- CERTAIN APPELLEES FOR tion. MOTION OF ORDER TO STAY MANDATE, ETC. Practice Act, Sec. 121 . Respectfully submitted, Now come the appellants herein by their solicitors of record herein undersigned and object to the allowance of (Signed) Dunne & Corboy, the motion of the Board of Education and others therein I. T. Greenacre, mentioned as appellees that Allen J. Carter, "an order may be entered in the above entitled Willis E. Thorne, cause staying the issuance of the mandate herein, Solicitors for Appellants. pending disposition of the said petition of said appellees for the writ of certiorari, as afore- said," IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FIRST DISTRICT and object to the entry of such order, and in support of their objections offer the following suggestions sub- JAMES E. ARMSTRONG, et al . VS. General No. 32497. joined. (Signed) Dunne & Corboy, CITY OF CHICAGO, et al. } I. T. Greenacre, Ordered to be reported in full. Allen J. Carter, Willis E. Thorne, March 13, 1928, motion of appellee to stay the mandate pending disposition of petition for writ of certiorari in Solicitors for Appellants. the Supreme Court of Illinois allowed, provided the SUGGESTIONS petition is filed on or before the first day of the April 1. term of the Supreme Court without prejudice, in case Where (as here) it appears that a petition for a CER- the petition is so filed, to apply for a further time. TIORARI or application to the "Supreme Court to JUDGES : BARNES, GRIDLEY and SCANLAN. March 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 133 Teachers Want School Time for Educational Discussion Write Candidates Regarding Amendment to School Law M Views of candidates for nomination for school law provides that Boards of Education senators and representatives in the 56th throughout the state outside of Chicago, are general assembly regarding an amendment to authorized to close the schools not to exceed the school law to permit Chicago teachers to five days in any school year, to permit meet on school time for educational discus- teachers to meet on school time for educa- sion, will be announced at a special meeting tional discussion. of the Chicago Teachers' Federation Tuesday, The letter states further that the Chicago April 3. Teachers ' Federation believes that it would Such views will be in response to a letter serve the public interest to amend the school sent out by the Board of Managers of the law to give the same privileges to Chcago Federation to candidates. The letter, which teachers . is printed below, shows that the general Following is the communication : March 30, 1923. ‫ןמ‬ To the Candidates for Nomination for Senators and Representatives an in the 56th General Assembly, State of Illinois : 15 Ladies and Gentlemen : ing in a lawful way the views, briefs, opinions or posi- The Illinois General School Law provides that Boards tions of the Chicago candidates for the legislature with of Education throughout the State (outside of Chicago) respect to this public question. shall close schools not to exceed five days in any school A special meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation year to permit teachers to meet on school time for educa- will be held on Tuesday, April 3, 4:00 P. M., and the views ‫الس‬ tional discussion; and also provides that time so spent of all candidates received up to that hour will be pre- should be considered time lawfully spent in the service of sented to the teachers at that meeting . the district and that teachers shall be paid their full salary Respectfully submitted, for such time (not to exceed five days in any school year) . THE CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION, Chicago does not come under the provisions of this Gen- MARY M. ABBE, President. ‫ا‬ eral School Law. The school Act governing Chicago does not contain a provision requiring the Chicago Board of Education to close the Chicago schools for Chicago the teachers to meet on school time for Educational discussion . HOW TRUE ! Tommy did not seem to understand sub- If the present Board of Education should see fit to en- traction, so the teacher tried to make it plain act rules and regulations to permit meetings of teachers for educational discussion on school time and pay the by example. 0 teachers for such time (as was done by the Boards of "Now suppose Billy had fifty cents.” Education on the recommendation of Superintendent Ella "Yes'm ." Flagg Young in 1913 and Superintendent Peter A Mor- "And you asked him for twenty-five." tenson in 1919 not to exceed three days in any school "Yes'm . " year) some future Board might repeal these rules as was done by the Board of Education in 1924 on the recom- "How much do you think Billy would have mendation of Superintendent McAndrew. then ?" "Fifty cents," answered Tommy pessi- The Chicago Teachers' Federation believes that it would serve the public interest to amend the School Law for mistically-The Victorian. Chicago to provide that the Chicago Board of Education should permit the Chicago teachers to meet on school time not to exceed five days during any school year; that MEOW ! the Chicago teachers should be paid their full salary for A mother discovering her small daughter such time, and that such amendment should provide that washing the kitten with soap and water, ex- the Chicago Board of Education should enact rules car- claimed : rying out the provisions of such law. "Oh, Betty darling, I don't think the mother The Chicago Teachers ' Federation believes that the pussy would like her kitty washed like that." members of the legislature from Senatorial districts out- Betty very seriously replied : “ Well, I really side of Chicago would not object to such legislation for Chicago. The teachers of Chicago are interested in know- can't lick it, mother." 134 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 County Board Appropriates $ 150,000 for Tax List Publication Miss Haley Challenges Statements of Carnahan and Litsinger An appropriation of $ 150,000 by the county 1928, the publication of the lists . board for the printing and publishing by At a meeting of the Finance Committee of street numbers of tax assessments on real the County Board February 23, 1928, Miss estate was made by the County Board at its Haley, representing the Chicago Teachers' meeting February 29 . Federation, challenged statements made by In making the appropriation the County Mr. Carnahan and Mr. Litsinger, representing Board provided that none of the money could the Board of Assessors and Board of Review, be spent by the Board of Assessors or Board relative to the cost of printing and publishing of Review without approval by the County the lists and asked for an opportunity to pre- Board . sent additional information. The appropriation is in keeping with the Permission was given and the following program started when the Illinois State Tax relative to printing and publishing the lists Commission, at the request of the Chicago and asked for an opportunity to present addi- Teachers' Federation ordered on January 25, tional information . February 23, 1928. city outside of the loop, showing total To the Finance Committee, value $84,718,581* Board of Cook County Commissioners, Full assessed value of same in 1926. 21,878,012 Chicago. Per cent of full assessed to appraised Gentlemen: value 26 % Here is the data which I agreed last Thursday, Feb- (b) Actual sales price in 1925 of 1327 single ruary 23, I would submit to your Committee in writing family residences 22,023,000** after verification : Per cent of full assessed value in 1926 to 1925 sales value 27.7% 1. RE THE COST OF PRINTING REAL - ESTATE ASSESSMENTS NOTE*-Appraisal caused to be made by owners of loop real estate. The 45c per property, which Mr. Carnahan last Thurs- NOTE**- From Page 83 of Report of Joint Commission on Real day quoted to your Committee as the cost of information Estate Valuation appointed by the County Board in 1926. which the assessing boards would have to get outside of their offices, contains 35c for the names of the actual 3. RE PRINTING STREET NUMBERS AND owners in every case, which we have not asked to have NAMES OF OWNERS printed. That the street numbers and the names of the owners We have asked only for the name of the owner OR the occupant OR the taxpayer, whichever is the name of real - estate were printed by the Board of Assessors to be found in the County Building in the records in and the Board of Review in 1900 is shown by the en- Mr. Jacobs' department. Therefore, there need be no closed photographic reproduction of the printed list of the 1899 quadrennial assessment of real estate in the cost incurred for securing this information in the print- ing of the real estate lists . 20th precinct of the 9th ward in the City of Chicago. This photograph was made from the bound volume in The other data we asked for, the street number and the Chicago Public Library, "Real Estate Assessment, dimensions of the lot, would cost but 10c, according to 1899, as listed by the Board of Assessors of Cook Mr. Carnahan's statement. This would mean that for the cost of 10c you would County." (R. 1766-2a, Chicago Public Library, A Gift have information comparable to that which Mr. Car- from the Board, Received September 1, 1900.) nahan said would cost 45c per property. If, as Mr. Carnahan said last Thursday, the assessing boards of Cook County must go outside of the County 2. IN REPLY TO MR. LITZINGER'S STATEMENT Building in 1928 to get the information in regard to real Mr. Litsinger told your Committee last Thursday that estate in Chicago which this photograph shows the the printing of the real estate assessments would show assessing boards had in the year 1900 (when the 1899 that the business property was assessed at a higher per- list was printed), then the progress of the assessing centage of value than homes . boards of Cook County in the last 28 years has been like I find (a) that the full assessed value fixed on busi- that of the proverbial crab-backwards. Instead of 28 ness property in Chicago in 1926 was only 26% of its years of improvement we appear to have had 28 years appraised value, whereas, (b) the full assessed value of retrogression in the assessment of real estate in Cook fixed on homes was 27.7% of their actual value. County. We believe the data herein contained shows that if the THE ABOVE STATEMENT IS BASED ON County Board would cut off 50 per cent from the $400,000 (a) Appraisal made in 1927 on 176 business appropriation requested by the assessing boards for the properties in 12 business sections of the (Continued on Page 137) ‫الحا‬ March 31 , 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 135 Equitable Tax Program Increases Educational Fund er Chicago Teachers ' Federation Asks Consideration for Elementary Teachers - A resolution asking the Board of Educa- teachers in the system. It also showed that tion to give first consideration to the ele- an increase in the educational fund was mentary teachers if any consideration were brought about as a result of the equitable to be given to increases in salaries, was passed assessment program in which the teachers by the Chicago Teachers' Federation at its have co-operated. meeting March 10. Following are the resolution and the letter def The resolution pointed out that the group transmitting it, which were referred to the dp was the largest and lowest paid group of Committee on Finance. March 14, 1928. of the Appellate Court rendered on February 14, 1928. To the Honorable the Board of Education This resolution was adopted by the Chicago Teachers ' and the Members thereof; Federation at its meeting on March 10 and the officers ing were directed to send it to the Board of Education at Ladies and Gentlemen : its meeting on March 14. Herewith is a resolution requesting the Board of Edu- Respectfully submitted, cation not to take the Emeritus Service Case to the THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . Supreme Court but urging it to abide by the decision By: Mary M. Abbe, President . tal sed RESOLUTION Re SALARY Adopted by the Chicago Teachers' Federation on March 10, 1928. Presented to the Board of Education on March 14 and Referred to the Committee on Finance. WHEREAS : The Board of County Commissioners of Cook County on February 29, 1928, appropri- ‫نال‬ ated $ 150,000 for the printing of the real estate assessments of Chicago ; and WHEREAS : The County Clerk of Cook County this week (March 6) announced that the Board of of the Review had made its final report to the County Clerk's office-its final report showing that the increase in the full assessed value of property for taxation in Chicago for the year 1927 is approxi- mately $486,000,000 over that of 1926 ; and WHEREAS : The increased assessment should produce an increase of $4,216,000 in revenue in the educational fund for the year 1928 over 1927, and in addition thereto an increase of $3,162,000 in ‫ا‬ borrowing power in that fund for 1928 ; and WHEREAS : This increase in the educational fund has been brought about as the result of the ‫ا‬ equitable assessment program in which the teachers have co-operated in order to secure the needed revenue for the schools and other purposes without increasing the tax rate ; therefore be it ‫تیا‬ RESOLVED : That the Chicago Teachers' Federation request the Board of Education to give first consideration to the Elementary teachers the largest and therefore the lowest paid group of teachers in the system-if any consideration is given by the Board to increases in salaries in the 1928 Budget as a result of this increased revenue in the Educational Fund for 1928. THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION , By MARY M. ABBE, President. 136 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31 , 1928 Chicago Teachers ' Federation Calls Special Salary Meeting Board of Managers Orders Statement Prepared At a meeting of the Board of Managers of salary raise question in its current phases. the Chicago Teachers' Federation Thursday At the same Board meeting the following afternoon, March 29, a special meeting of the Federation for Tuesday, April 3, after school statement was ordered prepared to submit to in Corinthian hall, was ordered to discuss the the teachers at the special meeting : Freedom of assembly and full and free discussion and used the power of their public office to render to the deliberation by teachers, uninfluenced by the presence public this much needed public service. of persons with power of authority of position over them, As soon as the assessed valuation of property in Chicago is essential to free, uncontrolled action. for the year 1927 was made known and the available rev. Recognition of that right would have prevented attempts enue for 1928 thus ascertained, the Chicago Teachers' Fed- to influence teachers to use unethical methods to secure eration ( on March 10) adopted a resolution requesting the Board of Education to give first consideration to the salary increases . elementary teachers-the largest, and therefore the lowest A few days before his death, the late William Bishop paid group of teachers in the system-if any consideration Owen said, " I do not think that the ordinary teacher in is given by the Board to increases in salaries in the 1928 America would have enough independence in Chicago, Budget as a result of this increased revenue in the Educa- or in any other great city, to maintain a respectable, in- tional fund for 1928. On March 14 that resolution was tellectual integrity unless she had the support of other teachers with her. I think she would be so brow - beaten presented to the only body charged with responsibility under the law for granting salary increases, the Board of and frightened and driven that she could not do anything . Education, and that resolution is now before the Finance But you cannot very well handle a great organization of Committee of the Board . teachers except by open, direct and out-on- the- table The Chicago Teachers' Federation has a right to resent methods ." the ill- considered activities of persons who, having made The Chicago Teachers' Federation holds that there is no organized effort to secure increased school revenues no objection to teachers , as individuals and citizens , at- through a uniform, equitable assessment of property, tending and supporting political campaign activities of now attempt to use the teachers as their political cat's their choice. It holds that it is not only desirable but paw. essential that campaign contributions should be made The Chicago Teachers' Federation renews its deter- by all citizens, and votes solicited by them in support mination to continue its ethical and professional efforts to of the political principles and candidates approved by obtain through an equitable, uniform assessment of prop- them; that these contributions should not be paid by erty, revenues sufficient to run the schools efficiently and persons seeking privileges not in accord with sound to pay the teachers adequately; and to this end we pledge public policy. our continued co- operation with civic organizations in But the use of the power of authority of position by sympathy with this movement and with public officials persons within the school system in an organized at- charged with the legal power and responsibility to make tempt to influence teachers to appear before the public and to publish such assessments . as seeking to trade votes for salary increases is not only We further pledge our continued efforts to secure for the ill -advised but unprecedented in the Chicago public Chicago teachers, by ethical and professional meth- schools . And the recent action of a group of such per- ods, a just and equitable share of the increased school sons, meeting for the purpose of attempting to put such revenues resulting from such assessment. a plan into effect, deserves the disapproval of every pro- fessionally minded teacher and principal in the school SCHOOLROOM HUMOR system. An oxygen is an eight-sided figure. The Chicago Teachers' Federation has persistently op- Nero means absolutely nothing. posed a tax rate increase as a means of increasing the Homer is a type of pigeon. school revenue and equally persistently, and at consider- able cost and effort, has sought to bring about such in- Ulysses S. Grant was a tract of land upon crease through a uniform assessment of real estate in which several battles of the civil War were Chicago. The increase of approximately $4,216,000 in fought. revenue in the educational fund in 1928, with the resultant A quorum is a place to keep fish . increase of $3,162,000 in borrowing power in that fund A vegetarian is a horse doctor. this year, is due to the efforts of the Chicago Teachers ' Federation, and of other civic organizations, to have set Radium is a new kind of silk. a reassessment made and published by the legally re- Henry Clay is a mud treatment for the face. sponsible public officials . Mussolini is a patent medicine . The Chicago Teachers' Federation holds that due rec- Flora and Fauna are a couple of chorus ognition and support should be given public officials who girls . March 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 137 | Expect Decision in Pension Case ENRICI'S is famous no less The case against the Policemen's Pension H for the enduring and deep Board, important for teachers in the light of a similar case pending against the Teachers' friendships it has won than Pension Board, was argued at the February for the quality of the foods term of the Supreme Court and a decision may it serves and for the great be handed down at the April term . A decision in the suit may settle the mat- volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- ter as to whether the Legislature can grant an increase in pension to a public employe day, before the matinee, it is the great who is drawing a pension. The decision on this central meeting place . question will affect the teachers, as the same principle is involved in the teachers' case . Last July an application for injunction was filed against the Teachers' Pension board and a similar suit was filed against the Police- men's Pension board . The suits were brought HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS , PRESIDENT to prevent the city treasurer, the teachers' and the policemen's pension boards from pay- ing increases authorized by the Legislature to 67 W. Randolph St. persons who were pensioners when the amend- ment became effective. The city treasurer, on Between Dearborn and Clark Streets the advice of counsel, subsequently refused to pay the increases . On December 14, 1927, Judge Hebel of the No orchestral din Superior Court dismissed the case for want of equity, thereby denying the injunction against the Policemen's Pension Board . JOHN HAYES FRANK A. HAYES Judge Hebel held that pensions are not de- ferred payments as the opponents of the pen- sion laws claim. He held that pensions may ‫الي‬ be increased because they are gratuities that the power that grants a gratuity the legisla- ture in the case of pensions-may increase or Hayes Hotels One Thousand decrease the gratuity. This would not be true of deferred payments . They cannot be in- Homelike Rooms creased because the amount to be paid is pre- determined and is final . His opinion has been printed in the proceed- Attractive Weekly Rates ings of the meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Public School Teachers' Pension and Re- HAYES HOTEL NORTH tirement fund, January 20, 1928, Page 348, 420 Diversey Parkway at Sheridan and a copy sent to all the schools. 300 ROOMS ure 300 BATHS County Board Appropriates (Continued from Page 134) printing of the 1927 quadrennial assessment, and if the HOTEL HAYES County Board would specify in that appropriation that 64th and University Ave. the assessing boards should print the lot dimensions, the street number, and the name of the owner, occupant or 500 ROOMS taxpayer of each piece of real estate, ample provision would thereby be made for printing the real estate assessment according to law. COLONIAL HOTEL Respectfully submitted, 6325 Kenwood Ave. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION . 10 (Signed) Margaret A. Haley, 200 ROOMS of Business Representative. 138 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31 , 1928 Credit Union Has Spring Sale on Fox Scarfs and Chokers Now in Progress at Money for John J. Moran, Inc. Fashionable Furs Will Call for Storage. Call State 4177 Teachers Storage Remodeling 58 East Washington Street Repairing The Chicago Teachers' Federation Credit Union has money to loan to teachers at a fair SPRING VACATION TRIPS rate of interest. It also provides a convenient Leaving Chicago, Friday, April 27, 1928 Mississippi - Ohio-Tennessee River trip to Muscle Shoals, Ala- and safe means of making small or large sav- bama and return via St. Louis by rail.... $65.00 Eastern Circle trip, including Niagara Falls, New York City, ings regularly. West Point , Washington and Annapolis .. $125.00 Write, phone or call for information With such an organization functioning, the Room 704 LAUDER'S TOURS Phone members of the Federation will be able to 112 W. Adams Street Chicago Randolph 1088 handle much of their own financial business co-operatively, and in a way that will prove most profitable to those who wish to save and IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST to those who must borrow . We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and Permanent Waving Those wishing definite information about HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR the Credit Union are asked to communicate ESTABLISHED 1905 SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. with Margaret Powell, 1215 Winona Avenue, Phones : Edgewater 4674-4675-Broadway at Wilson Chicago. F. BLANCHE PREBLE , President. Thos. E. McElroy Co. STEVENS BLDG . WANTED TO SEE THE OTHER GUY A pessimistic young man, dining alone in a FINE FURS Remodeling-Storage-Repairing restaurant, ordered broiled live lobster. When We Call for Storage the waiter put it on the table it was obviously STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 minus one claw. The pessimistic young man promptly kicked. The waiter said it was un- TELEPHONE NEVADA 0217 avoidable - there had been a fight in the Dagobert , Fleming & Shewbrook kitchen between two lobsters. The other one FLORISTS had torn off one of the claws of this one and EXPERT DESIGNERS OF FLORAL ART 3211 W. Madison Street had eaten it. The young man pushed the NEAR KEDZIE lobster away from him. Telegraph Delivery CHICAGO "Take it away," he said, wearily, "and bring me the winner. "-Everybody's . Phones Central 2551-2552 Res . Park Ridge 399 GEORGE W. JOHNSON FEAR HIM MOST SHORTHAND REPORTER "Mother," said little Evelyn, “may I go out 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago and play with the other little children now ? " SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS "You may play with the little girls, but not Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers ' Federation with the boys, for they are so rough." "But, mother, if I find a nice, smooth little boy can I play with him ? "-Michigan Technic . 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR Buy from one who KNOWS values, SUBSCRIPTION and will give you an honest deal to F. RANKE FUR CO . Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 Name .. ....... Address . .. (Street and Number) ELIZABETH N. EICHORN 72 East Madison Street, Chicago City Telephone State 7463 Subscription price $2.00 per year. GOSSARD CORSETS – LINGERIE MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite GIFTS 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. 10% Discount to Teachers March 31 , 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 139 TAKE YOUR SPRING VACATION IN THE SUNNY SOUTH! Join the Third Annual Tour via Illinois Central System to the Beautiful Mississippi Gulf Coast, New Orleans , and the Vicksburg National Military Park. Lv Chicago 9:00 Α . Μ. Saturday Apr. 28 Ar Gulfport 9:50 Α . Μ . Sunday Apr. 29 Two days outing at Gulfport, Biloxi , Pass Christian. Lv Gulfport 9:30 P. M. Monday Apr. 30 Ar New Orleans 7:45 Α . Μ . Tuesday May 1 Three days to “go as you please " in "the Paris of America" Sightseeing, Mississippi River Trip and other entertainment. Lv New Orleans 12:10 Α . Μ. Friday May 4 Ar Vicksburg 7:20 Α . Μ. Friday May 4 Motor Tour of the National Military Park. Ar Chicago 9:20 Α . Μ. Saturday May 5 Exceptionally low all- expense rate of $91.00, one in lower berth, and proportionately as low rates for other accommodations, including railroad and sleeping car accommoda- tions , occupancy of cars during stop - overs , sightseeing, river trip, meals en route, etc. For further information, address W. G. FERSTEL, District Passenger Agent Suite 1854, 208 South La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. Telephone : STATE 0313 Illinois Central THE ROAD OF TRAVEL LUXURY In Memory Louis F. Post of a life, generous in its impulses, eager to ( CONTINUED FROM PAGE 115) discern the truth, distinguished by complete heresy hunting among the foreign born people confidence in rational processes, and marked of our country. Later he set down these ex- by a valiant and unwavering loyalty to the periences in a book—“ The Deportations Deli- right as God gave him to see the right. rium of Nineteen- Twenty-Five . " JAMES MULLENBACH JAMES A. HEMINGWAY He wrote this on "borrowed time," as also JOHN A. ENGLISH the following : " The Basic Facts of Eco- Feb. 23, 1928. nomics," " What is the Single Tax ?" " The Prophet of San Francisco," " Living a Long CLASSIFIED Life Over Again." The last two have not yet been published . They are the last expression Trip to Turkey Run, Indiana, Spring Va- cation. Bus fare, room and board, two in room, each $31.00 ; single, $36.00. Make reser- MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN vations with check to Margaret Hensleigh, 5460 Woodlawn Ave. MARGARET A. HALEY . Editor and Publisher MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ter For rent-2-room apartment. Dining room months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. in building. R. I., " L" and bus. May 1. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies 15 Cents. $42.50. The Brentwood . 124 W. Marquette Road . Wentworth 0425. LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable ta the order of For Rent-Well furnished room . No other MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American Bond andMortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St. , Chicago roomers . Housekeeping privileges . $7.00 per Phone Central 3904 week. 125 N. Humphrey Avenue, Oak Park. 140 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN March 31, 1928 The School Teachers of Chicago Are Cordially Invited to Visit Our New Store at 37 North Wabash Ave. , Pittsfield Bldg . In a setting that is the ultimate in modern structure, dec- oration and accommodation of our patrons Johnson & Har- wood presents the authentic fashions of Spring, selected in accord with the program which we set for our service five years ago : To offer well- selected assortments of new ac- ceptable styles ; quality measuring up to the highest stand- ards ; prices maintained at a minimum. ১০ Johnson &Harwood 37 North Wabash Ave. 1st and 3rd Floors Pittsfield Bldg . SPRING TOURS E take pleasure in announcing the recent All Expense WE importation of the latest pottery and NINE DAY TOUR-$112.50 glassware, particularly suitable for weddings April 28th to May 6th Visiting: Lexington, Ky.-Blue Grass Country and other gifts . Our large assortment of cos- Great Smoky Mountain-Cumberland Mountain tume jewelry, necklaces, bracelets, brooches, Chattanooga, Tenn.-Lookout Mountains, Missionary Ridge, Chicamauga Battle Fields Mammoth Cave, Ky.-Louisville, Ky. rings and earrings are priced from $1.00. French Lick Springs, Ind. Here you will find a fascinating array of All Expense Train-Boat-Motor Tour. original and useful bridge prizes gathered to- MAMMOTH CAVE, KY. via gether with an eye to economy as well as dis- OHIO RIVER-GREEN RIVER tinctiveness . Priced from 50 cents . BARREN RIVER April 29th to May 5th-$78.75 Your guests will look twice, you may be All Expense Side Trip sure, at bridge prizes that bear the quality WEST BADEN SPRINGS Restful Nights and Day at Springs mark of a jeweler. EUROPEAN TRIP-$538.00 Our stock of silverware and jewelry is ex- Chartered Steamer-July 11, 1928 Meals First Class Dining Room tensive and carefully chosen. We specialize No Class Distinction in diamonds and in platinum and white gold (Personally Conducted) settings of unique designs for old and new ORIENT AUSTRALIA - - INDIA gems. NEW ZEALAND-HAWAII Sail July 4th, PALATIAL TENYO MARU STEAMER We cordially invite you to visit our store, All Expense TOUR-$1,492.00 to look or to purchase. An Opportunity (Personally Conducted) AROUND THE WORLD TOUR Chartered Steamer-July 4th, Harry J. Baby Company to October 12th. -$1,500.00- 703 Heyworth Bldg., 29 East Madison St. Telephone STATE 6593 Corner of Wabash Ave. Tel. Randolph 0218-0219 MARNELL INTERNATIONAL TOURS Níxon Building, 105 W. Monroe St. CHICAGO 9 /2 24 VOL . NO. V MargaretHaley's 8 BULLETIN 28 April 16, 1928 Chicago, Ill . "Nobody objects to being held up to rigid standards, but they do not want to live in an atmosphere of terrorism and fear, which is unnecessary and wrong in principle. And I do not think it is effi- cient. I don't think anybody thinks it is efficient anywhere. Even the most rigid business people don't think it is any more. They are all trying to build up the spirit and morale of the group. And he [the superintendent,] comes in here and deliberately attempts to kill this morale in the public school system, in the finest school system in America. I know it." William Bishop Owen, Feb. 7, 1928. 3 142 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 'Round the Campfire-Listening to the Stories of the Forest Rangers Yellowstone all- expense tours- the new way thru Gallatin Gateway A jolly group on their way After the N. E. A. convention in Minneapolis, hundreds of teachers plan to continue West. Some are going independently-as they please. Others are joining Personally-Escorted Tour Parties- a carefree, economical way to best see the West. You pay one, moderate, lump sum, covering every expense-hotel, meals , sight- seeing, transportation. No worry or bother-travel experts care for every detail en route. Hiking, riding, fishing, golfing, swimming, dancing- you'll enjoy your trip all the more with a jolly, companion- able crowd. Always enough for bridge. Either way- alone or with all-expense tour party-ar- range your trip over The Milwaukee Road. The Electrified Line takes you direct to the scenic new Gallatin Gateway. Other tours include Spokane (Inland Empire), Rainier Old Faithful National Park, Puget Sound, the Olympic Peninsula- also Alaska. And, of course, between Chicago and Minneapolis, as well as to the Pacific Northwest, The Milwaukee Road is the preferred route. Mail coupon for free books The MILWAUKEE ROAD ELECTRIFIED OVER THE ROCKIES TO THE SEA Mr. Geo. B. Haynes, Passenger Traffic Manager Room 818 , Union Station, Chicago, Ill. Please send me literature and information on CHICAGO Pacific Northwest Yellowstone Rainier National Park Alaska MILPWAUKEE ACI PAUL Escorted All-Expense Tours AND ST. FIC Name. Address. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 8 April 16, 1928 Page 143 WILLIAM BISHOP OWEN 1866-1928 ay dred ar ‫کتا۔‬ is D At a time when not only the eyes of all administration of schools of Chicago during 4 Chicago, but of the schools of the country are the last four years . A centered upon the Chicago school situation In view of the high esteem in which Mr. and the late McAndrew regime, it is deemed Owen was held by the teachers of Chicago to be of interest to the teachers to read the and by educators throughout the United opinion of the late William B. Owen on the States, his opinion is of double value. 144 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 From the Masthead by The Lookout " The teachers in the profession know the schools as they are seen from within. In the long run, they may be relied upon to uphold professional standards." -William Bishop Owen . March, 1919 . To the Teachers of Chicago: You laughed and the world laughed with Why did he dare ? you Friday the 13th when the World's Great- There was no judicial body to which the est Newspaper told the world that William Teaching Force of Chicago could go as plain- McAndrew, referring to his $250,000 libel suit tiff to protect itself against Superintendent against Mayor Thompson, said, as he swatted McAndrew's defamatory reports which he the reporter in the thigh with a bag of books : knew were not true or "negligently failed to "I don't care a red about the $250,000!” make such inquiries as he should have made to ascertain whether or not they were true." But, when, to his "I don't care a red about But there is one court to which a slandered the $250,000," McAndrew added, as the bag teaching force may with confidence take its of books landed in the reporter's ribs : cause-The Court of Public Opinion. "But I do hope to accomplish something To take the case of "The Teaching Force of for the protection of my profession. In Chicago vs. William McAndrew" before the this suit I am seeking to find out if a judi- Court of Public Opinion was the labor of love cial body cannot establish that the posi- which the late William Bishop Owen, Presi- tion of an educator is as worthy of dent of the Chicago Normal College, had un- respect as, say, a public utilities mag- dertaken when death overtook him . nate! " In taking up the work where Mr. Owen laid Ye Gods! it down the Bulletin reverently presents to the How dare William McAndrew assume the teachers of Chicago the opening statement pose of protector of the teaching profession ! in their case made by their counselor and William McAndrew, the man who even be- friend, William Bishop Owen, ten days before fore he was elected Superintendent of the he was called to meet the Great Judge. Chicago Public Schools made defamatory Mr. Owen did not live to see the transcribed statements against the Teaching Force of Chi- notes of his hitherto unpublished statement, cago in its calling and profession ! printed here without revision or comment. William McAndrew, the man who before he Subsequent issues of the Bulletin will present was five months Superintendent of the Chi- the testimony of the members of the teaching cago Public Schools, attempted to substantiate force and the conclusions thereon referred to his defamatory statements against the Teach- by Mr. Owen in this statement. ing Force of Chicago in its calling and pro- fession, by the publication of reports that he knew were not true or he "negligently failed to make such inquiries as he should have made to ascertain whether or not they were true" ! Marzena. Haly April 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 145 d Voice That Is Stilled Spoke for Our Schools The Late William B. Owen Makes Statement Shortly Before Death This statement consists of excerpts taken superintendents, principals and teachers at from the 85-page typewritten transcript of the the trial of Mr. McAndrew before the Chicago stenographic report of an informal talk on Board of Education . Mr. Owen had read all the Chicago School situation which Mr. Owen of the record of that part of the testimony in that trial ; the journalist had not at that time made on February 7, 1928, to a Chicago jour- read that testimony. nalist. Mr. Owen died on February 17, 1928. On Mr. Owen had arranged to have this jour- that day the transcribed notes of his informal nalist collaborate with him in selecting por- talk of February 7 were to have been deliv- tions of, and summarizing, the 538 pages of ered to him together with the collaborator's testimony concerning Superintendent McAn- selections from and summary of this testimony drew's educational policies given by district and his comments and conclusions thereon. This big city ( Chicago) has grown up rapidly and combined different towns together, and the school sys- tem has grown, partly by expansion and partly by accre- tion, but, all the time, from conditions which I think I could point out to you, it has developed until it is the "The school system has grown best organized and most efficient school system in partly by expansion and partly by accre- tion, but, all the time from conditions America, from the standpoint of humanity, and educa- which I think I could point out to you, it has developed until it is the best or- tion, and growth, and development. I will tell you why ganized and most efficient school system in America, from the standpoint of I think so. I am going to show you exactly what I mean, humanity, and education, and growth and I mean, specifically, the teachers have been more aggres- development." sive, more intelligent, more independent, more self-re- liant. And the principals are. There is nothing to con- trol them. You cannot find any place in America where - the principals of the schools are as powerful as they are here, or as independent. You may say : " Independent of whom? " Well I don't mean they have to be independent of anybody. You just simply be independent, go your own way and 5 try to accomplish something. 1 Well, you mean they do not pay any attention to what the central office has to offer ? The superintendent and the rest of them ? Learned to Be Own Leaders . I would be perfectly willing to say they do not any more than they have to, because so few times has any- thing been offered them they have got in the habit of thinking that if they are to have a good school they have to make it themselves . That each school stands on its own bottom is literally true, and the fact is they have had so little outstanding educational leadership that they have learned to be their own leaders . Highly Organized and Effective. They are more powerful individually and, of course, they are more powerful collectively. The Teachers ' Fed- eration, the Principals ' Club and the high school teach- ers are, of course, without any question, so far as I know -I would not know where to go to find teachers so highly effective and organized as they are here. And I believe in that. I will tell you why I believe in it. 146 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 I do not think that the ordinary teacher in America could have enough independence in Chicago or any other great city to maintain a respectable intellectual integrity unless she had the support of other teachers with her. I think she would be so browbeaten and frightened and driven that she could not do anything, and you cannot very well handle a great organization of teachers except by open, direct, and out-on-the-table methods. So these organizations have been practical and they have gone ahead and controlled themselves. You see, I am able to give you the evidence of that . The first people that ever got out and made an organiza- tion of principals for instance, who began to study their own job as a group for self-improvement was the Chi- cago Principals ' Club. They got up the first documents that were ever gotten out on the supervision of their schools , and other things. They went ahead and did it. They did not have to do it. There is nothing like that that ever came out of New York, from whence Mr. Mc- Andrew came . You see, what I am trying to paint is the picture of this gradual building-up of a powerful group of people, with great independence, initiative and self-reliance. When you had a poor man (at the head) and you had a poor Board of Education you had just as good schools as you did when you had a fairly good one, because they were not dependent on him. That is how it developed. "Now it is my candid opinion that if these Chicago schools had been dependent Now, it is my candid opinion that if these Chicago on the Boards of Education and super- schools had been dependent on the Boards of Education vising officers of these schools , in all these years, with that shifting and and supervising officers of these schools, in all these changing as to the kind of people, you would not have had a public school sys- years, with that shifting and changing as to the kind of tem that would have been half as good as it is ." people, you would not have had a public school system that would have been half as good as it is. But they go on, just as they are now, paying no attention to who is superintendent and who is not superintendent, and running their schools as they should run them, and they know how. Question: Has that been true under the McAndrew regime ? Has not this progressive body of teachers and principals been held down in their effort ? Have they not had superimposed upon them unneces- sary detail and authority ? MR. OWEN: That is my story. We built from the bottom up. I have been here twenty years and I am cer- tainly in an independent position, if anybody could be, and I have known these people intimately all their lives. Independence-Not Insubordination ! I never even heard suggested anything like disloyalty or lack of obedience. The fact is, that even under these conditions, I think our people have been almost servile in their desire to do what was officially asked of them. So that I say this independence has not been in the form of insubordination, to use the current term; it is just the desire of everybody to have the right to run a good school . April 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 147 Now, you bring a man here who has been for 25 or 30 years in the most highly centralized public school system in the United States of America, a system which is ruled from the top down, and he comes in here and thinks he can put down upon this Chicago system that kind of a 100 control, ignoring personal contacts, and ignoring per- S sonal confidence that characterized this school system for years. The ability of a teacher to walk in and really get a human consideration of anything he wanted, and the whole attitude of identity of interest between all the people that were served by this system he put himself above that. He comes here, and they go to see him, and he begins to talk to them. They have not heard anybody 2 talk like that. They don't know what he means . They said they will never give him that opportunity again. And then he seems to have devoted himself to a com- plete mechanical control. He seems to have swallowed the modern efficiency methods hook, line and sinker, and I can give you plenty of illustrations . If a principal died, or if any person in the school system died you couldn't be excused to go to the funeral, on the grounds of efficiency. The public pays you for being in school. In other words, being in that room at that particular time was the criterion of whether you dk are a first class principal and whether you are giving the people their money's worth, while, as a matter of fact, you might have been better to be out of the place, making new contacts . E The Type That Threatens. L "He went out at a hundred dollars a He went out, at one hundred dollars a day, and got day, and got acquainted with the rest acquainted with the rest of the country for comparative of the country for comparative purposes . It was his natural picayunish type, with purposes . It was his natural picayunish type, with a lit- a little military control and discipline, plus his threat that went with it of, If tle, military control and discipline, plus this threat that you don't produce it, well you are no good and if you are no good you are went with it of " If you don't produce it, well you are going to be fired, we are going to get rid of the poor people. " no good and if you are no good you are going to be fired, we are going to get rid of the poor people. " Now nothing ever happens in Chicago that you don't hear of it in a very few hours so far as the public schools are concerned. You know in your ancient history you have read how marvelous it was, the method by which the savage people of those early days were able to com- municate, one with the other and how they got word of things . MR. OWEN: I have often said to myself that we have got that beaten in Chicago, because if anything happens anywhere in Chicago affecting the schools, you will get it from the school teachers the next morning on the car going to school, and it is in your office the first thing when you get there. I can't explain how it goes. I have threshed it out a good deal. You can send this through the schools : " This is the new regime. You are not to move. Look out. If he comes in he is going to see to it that if you do not produce his results you are going to be lost." Nobody objects to being held up to rigid standards , but they do not want to live in an atmosphere of terror- 148 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 ism and fear, which is unnecessary and wrong in prin- ciple. And I do not think it is efficient. I don't think anybody thinks it is efficient anywhere. Even the most rigid business people don't think it is any more. They are all trying to build up the spirit and morale of the group. And he comes in here and deliberately at- tempts to kill this morale in the public school system, in the finest school system in America. I know it. To Make the School a Factory. Our people were recognized everywhere as being able to move. Sometimes they thought Chicago moved too fast, and they thought those Chicago teachers and principals were awfully aggressive, an awfully aggressive lot, and they did not understand how they could do it. McAn- drew's idea was to get them back into their places and keep them there, to make a factory out of the school "I don't think any intelligent man ob- system. I don't think any intelligent man objects to our jects to our refining our technique as a means to an end, but all of us have be- refining our technique as a means to an end, but all of come prisoners to the means and have forgotten the end we have and the truly us have become prisoners to the means and have for- intellectual processes ." gotten the end and the truly intellectual processes . Even reading, writing and arithmetic are not one- third of the things done in the public schools of Chicago. The first and most vital thing done in this city every day of our life, is something we never think of ; but it is a fact, that the schoolboy, when he goes into the public school yard is safe, morally, physically and every other way for all those hours a day. And how are you going to measure that contribution to the growing life of these people? We are all perfectly willing to be tested by these pro- cedures, and I think we are just as much interested in them as anybody could be, and about spelling, reading, writing and arithmetic, but we don't want that to be made the whole thing when it is not the whole thing, and we want to do it under conditions that are favorable. He did not do that. He just came in here and reversed that whole situation . A Universal Attitude. Question : Let me ask. You have read this testimony ? MR . OWEN : Yes . Question: And testimony of the people close to the job of teaching in Chicago reflects just what you have been saying ? MR . OWEN : Absolutely, and if you know how to talk to them you get it from everybody in this city. This is the unanimous testimony, if you can count noses. I can furnish other specific cases, but, again, this is the notion of everybody. This is not a freakish notion of just a few here. This testimony is just the testimony of a few independent and brave people who came out and said it, but it is the universal attitude. Now I have said all this because it is hard to make that statement concretely. Anyone who understands Mr. Mc- Andrew and understands the opportunity he had and April 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 149 "Anyone who understands Mr. McAn- the opportunity he threw away, understands why, when drew and understands the opportunity he had and the opportunity he threw he goes, the school people acquiesce with silence. If away, understands why, when he goes, he had been a competent leader, an educational leader the school people acquiesce with silence." of these schools and school people, you would have got- ten an entirely different story. I think the silence that gives consent in Chicago, in the city, is the most mar- velous thing that ever happened. Have you heard any- body getting up and defending him ? Awful Part-Thinks He's Right. McAndrew did as well as he could. He was brought in to do this thing. The awful part about McAndrew is that he thinks he was right. it He has lived off there in his own isolation and heard all this stuff. There is a group of people in Chicago- 2 I could not help thinking about this the the other day when somebody said, " Has it got to a point, " The Trib- une said in that article about a week ago, it has gotten to a point where leading citizens can not say any- thing? " I want to make this answer : If the leading citizens don't know any more about the situation than 1 the leading citizens referred to in the Tribune Editorial know, why should they say anything ? They do not know. They do not really know. C I meet a good many people who say-I just happen to run into them and they are people I have known for a good many years and I get the same question from all of them: " Isn't this an awful situation ? " And I say, " What do you mean ? ” " Well, isn't this an awful invasion of the schools ? ” I say, " I don't see that the schools are being touched at all. " They say, " What do you mean by that ? " " Well, so far as I know, all the principals are going to school every day and the teachers are on time and doing their job . All we know about the thing you talk about is in the newspapers, and we get the same information you do, but the school people don't get any of it. I don't think the schools are suffering a particle." " Don't you think it was an awful thing the way Mc- Andrew was treated ? " Now, let us be perfectly honest , one with the other. If I were going to get rid of Mc- Andrew I would have taken another way to do it ; but that 1 he should go, I think is the unanimous conviction of everybody in the Chicago public schools, and the sooner the better. " They don't understand it and they think I am lost. I said to a man the other day, " Oh, no, he is the worst failure I ever saw. " And I said, “ That makes me think of a story Mrs. John Dewey told about a certain man who was going to one of the universities of America. She heard of it and she said, ' Yes, he will go there, ' she said, ' and he won't succeed, either, but the worst part of it will be, he will never know it. ' ” 150 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 He'll Never Know He Failed . "Mr. McAndrew has come here and spent three years , and will never know Mr. McAndrew has come here and spent three years, he is a failure. That is the awful part ." and will never know he is a failure. That is the awful part. Nothing you and I say will ever have any effect on him . This is my sincere conviction about this. It is nothing to me, absolutely nothing. And, whatever emotion I have shown is due to the fact I have lived so intimately with all these people for all these years, and I was so absolutely indignant at what was done, and the misrep- resentation that was in it all. We have got people that are principals of schools, and I can name them, who know so much more about educa- tion than Mr. McAndrew will ever know about schools and how to manage them, according to the best, modern , up-to-date scientific procedure that it is ridiculous for him to claim he is a great educator driven out by these people. And it is not one, but any number of them, all the time, right up to the minute, using all these modern techniques as fast as they can use the thing successfully. Why should Chicago begin to lament about the fact its schools are in such a bad condition ? He came here and said these schools were no good before he was elected superintendent, and before he ever visited them to find out. I am going to ask you something . Now I like to frame questions. If Mr. McAndrew had to resort to all the technicalities and means that he employed to find out whether the Chicago schools were good schools or not after he got here, how dare he come to the city and say they were not good before he ever employed these means at all ? Question : Well, you know that he did ? MR. OWEN : He did. In other words, either he was taking a gambler's chance in order to open a place for him before he came here, or he need not resort to those means after he got here. When Was He an Educator ? At which time was McAndrew an educator ? When he misrepresented the Chicago schools before he ever vis- ited them, or after he attempted to find out, by the bun- gling use of the so-called scientific means after he got here ? That is why I think we ought to, somehow or other, clear the atmosphere by doing this. Now, Mr. ( addressing the newspaper man) , you ought to know what to do with this testimony . April 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 151 Question: As to the form of it ? MR. OWEN : I should think of it in several chapters, or whatever you desire to call them. ave Now let me ask some more questions. What were the conditions of the Chicago schools ? Is er there anything in the testimony ? What is the evidence 30 as to the condition before he came here. Then, as shown in the testimony, what procedures were taken to d improve the teaching in the Chicago schools and to test that teaching ? What claims were made about what was done by the superintendent ? He reported on his own effort and the question is, how well substantiated are those claims by the testimony? That is what was really brought out (in the testimony), that the schools really were in good shape when he came in here ; and that he ran off a few tests of his own ; and that he went in after that, didn't he, and tried to force people into getting results to come up to his one hundred per cent. Chicago Misrepresented. Some of these records (in the testimony) show that he "Some of these records ( in the testi- mony) show that he misrepresented the misrepresented the situation that he found in Chicago, situation that he found in Chicago, and then, in a brief time, he planned a method and then, in a brief time, he planned a method by which by which he could show the effect of his he could show the effect of his own work with the Chi- own work with the Chicago schools, en- deavoring to show that he had brought them up to a high level of efficiency cago schools, endeavoring to show that he had brought rapidly." them up to a high level of efficiency rapidly. He stated that he found them at a low level . * * * * * Now with reference to Mr. Keener's testimony : Mr. Keener [ director of the Bureau of Educational Research ] testified that the tests that were given to the children before Mr. McAndrew came to Chicago were under his bureau, that he sent out the questions, and that these tests were conducted in accordance with the directions of his office ; and that he, himself, prepared the reports on these tests and identified these reports on the stand. Now he was asked while he was on the stand about whether his bureau had conducted the tests made by Mr. McAndrew, and which tests showed that Chicago schools were on a low grade, and he said, " No , he had nothing to do with those tests . " Now, we get a man whose business is to conduct tests, and who knows what a standardized test is, and he uses them under controlled conditions, by which is meant that they know perfectly well what they are to do. The chil- dren are to be given exactly the same amount of time and the directions are to be given exactly the same to everybody. If you take any of our recent teaching liter- ature, you will see they point out, scientifically, that tests are practically useless unless the conditions are exactly the same, and, the more scientific and competent a man is, the more he insists that the test is worth practically nothing for comparative purposes unless the test is car- ried on under the same conditions . 152 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 Now when this man Keener conducts tests, a test like the Woody-McCall or Burgess test, and when he applied them, the directions are right there, and he takes people who were trained to give them, and they do give them, so that an inexperienced teacher might not give them under wrong conditions with the best of intentions, not knowing how to do it. Above U. S. Standard. So that you see that when they did all this, and did it under those extremely careful conditions, he, Keener, testifies that Chicago was in good condition and, as a matter of fact, was above the standard of the United * * * States . McAndrew came in and made his own tests without any conditions of uniformity or standard- ization . Now you don't know what a test is until it has been "Now you don't know what 21 test is until it has been given to a large num- given to a large number of people under varying cir- ber of people under varying circum- cumstances, people of different ability, so that you get stances, people of different ability, SO that you get what we might call an what we might call an average. Then it is sent out, average." and they, so to speak, try it on the dog, and you get a sort of result. Then you send it out again, and again. And if it keeps getting that same result all the time in Chicago, the same result in San Francisco, the same result in New York, and so forth, then you say that it is standardized. Thus it has had the largest numerical or statistical testing you can give to it and the results are graded . They are not graded as would ordinarily be done. They are graded by a mathematical procedure which allows for a certain percentage of error and devia- tion from a norm, so that, with them, we say that we know children of eight years will, on the average, get this percentage, and that children of nine years will, on an average, get that percentage. That would not prove anything about what a particu- lar group would do, but that is what we mean by a standardized test. And it is quite a profitless thing, indeed, for a man to go in and conduct a test that he has invented himself, or, shall I say, compiled, or used, and then give it to these people. All it proves is that these children do not know what he wanted them to know. Said Children Were Below. Question: And then he predicated on that his asser- tion that children were below ? MR . OWEN: An illustration of that is when he used the Ayers writing scale, he marked them sixty, or below, and marked them " poor," and then, two years after- wards, with children in the eighth grade, the class reach- ing 60 or above was marked 100% . How can a man talk the way he did ? These scientific people are terribly cautious and careful. They are overly cautious and careful. The man who arranged this chart ( indicating the Ayers Writing Scale) has not a peer probably in America ; and there is no man in the English speaking nations at all who equals him in sta April 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 153 tistical investigation ; and, when he arranged this, he shows what should be expected. * * * * * Upset Standard Tests. Why, one of the best tests there is in this country is the arithmetical test of Courtiss . You could not tell anything about that test until and unless you looked at the norm, because he gives that test to first grade chil- dren and to high school children, but he doesn't expect the first grade children to get anything. Then when you get to the fifth grade children and you desire to conduct a test of the fifth grade children, you look to 11 see what the norm is for fifth grade children. Suppose they say they had a certain number of examples in a ✓ certain length of time. After conducting the test, the question is, do they do as well as the average ? The answer is " Yes. " All right, mine is as good as those in Chicago . Now that is what Chicago had before Mr. McAndrew came here. Now Mr. McAndrew's report on his examination ap- peared both in the mid-year prospectus which came out on the first of February, 1926, and in the annual report for the years 1924, 1925 and 1926. You will remember that Mr. McAndrew made no report for 1927 . * * * * * The fact is, that he came into a situation where "The fact is that he came into a situa- tion where standardized tests were being standardized tests were being slowly and certainly and slowly and certainly and rationally ap- plied in order to find out what help the rationally applied in order to find out what help the tests could be in improving our instruc- tion." tests could be in improving our instruction. That is what the testimony shows, uncontroverted. And it was being done without irritating or threatening or disturbing anybody and, when a certain relationship between these results was pointed out, that is to say, that certain schools were below and certain schools were above, then that information was given to the principal for his benefit, and the teachers, without drawing hasty and unwarranted conclusions as to the neglect or inca- pacity of the people at all, or comparisons ; because, as a matter of fact, what conclusion you should draw no man could tell except the people who did the work. The man might say, " But for certain reasons we were work- ing in my particular school, for instance, to get another result; we were not trying to get speed or skill in a certain, particular thing ; we were aiming, in this experi- ment, at a certain, particular thing. And if you come in and test me for speed at this time, you won't get that speed. " He would never get the result, and anybody who knows anything scientifically about this would know he never got the results he pretended to get in three months under 1 God's heaven unless he found people all very well pre- pared before he began to work on them. But to any man gifted with the least ability of scientific analysis, the logic of getting that kind of result out of people who had not been trained would be ridiculous . * * * * * McAndrew Went to Discard. That is why they have thrown all that stuff away for years . McAndrew goes into the discard and throws it 154 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 right back at these teachers . Our people had been irri- tated out of the thing ; they had been building up a procedure, so that they were not there to manipulate symbols, and the Chicago children are not here to manipulate symbols to satisfy some tester. They are not here for that purpose . Let him read a little modern psychology as to what you do with people when you want to make them suc- cessful. I think the most ironical thing in this whole situation is the fact that, when they are demonstrating all over America and Europe in psychiatry, child devel- opment and everything else, that the fundamental posi- tion and the first thing to do is to get the human being to act properly and successfully ; and that in order to do that you must take the fear out of them and as I say, the most ironical thing about the situation is that he came here and believed that by this method he could put the fear of God in the hearts of 13,000 teachers in Chicago and get away with it on a few little tests . * * * * * Fostered Fear in Many. He got that fear into a great many. He put it into them; but what I am trying to say is that his real busi- ness was to take it out instead of putting it in. He could have done it if he had only had sense enough and if he had not been so egotistical, self-centered and isolated. That is what he was. I mean that literally. You cannot read anything he did himself and tie him up with the great, intellectual, educational environment of America at any point. He was not in it, he was not really connected with it, and where he pretends to be he really borrows it from somebody else. "Now what I am trying to say is if he had not been so isolated and off by him- Now what I am trying to say is if he had not been self he would have seen the first thing he was to do , if he was going to use this so isolated and off by himself he would have seen the technique, was to get the people interested in what he was trying to do, and what this first thing he was to do, if he was going to use this technique might be, and get them to ap- ply it, and see what they could draw from technique, was to get the people interested in what he it themselves, make their own improve- was trying to do, and what this technique might be, and ments, make their own deductions ." get them to apply it, and see what they could draw from it themselves, make their own improvements, make their own deductions . The modern idea of a test is that you are testing to test your own instruction and the child's performance and then, on the basis of that, you are to change your instruction and the child is to find out where he has failed. In other words, it is for the sake of self-improve- ment, and then we turn around and teach again, just as you do, or as any other person does, and just as a man does out in the field when he is trying to run on the track ; he takes a try, checks up, goes back and does it again to see what he can do. Nobody Resents Rational Tests . Or just as in golf you have got to get another foot form if you are going to do that, you are told. If you are going to do that you are going to use that kind of procedure with your tests, which leaves the teacher in proper relation to her children in order that she may find out just how far they are getting. In other words, April 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 155 it is a method of instruction and a method of improve- ment of instruction which nobody objects to. And the 1 teachers have been using them right along, and they were increasingly coming into the schools as the teachers wanted them, freely, because they were interested in them. * * * * * It is amazing that anybody should think he could even "It is amazing that anybody should think he could even attempt to stay down in a attempt to stay down in a central office and, through central office and, through this paper pro- cess control the intellectual and social de- this paper process, control the intellectual and social velopment of 400,000 children. It cannot be done ." development of 400,000 children. It cannot be done. * * * * S His tests were all given under such unintelligent and unfavorable and unfair conditions, and they were marked or interpreted so unscientifically and dishonestly and disingenuously, let us say, that they don't amount to anything. And all these conclusions that he drew as to the marvelous changes he had made were paper con- clusions, not supported by the facts. e Question: All unsupported by any scientific or uni- form method of testing ? MR. OWEN : The people who gave the tests and the people who should give them, and the testimony of what they were asked to do, that is the significant thing of this case. And the testimony of all these individuals shows all along the bunk that was in the whole situation. If he had not made claims, nobody would have cared. He could have gone out and said, " Here is the fact, I have tried to get people to do this, and this is what I got. " " We Were Not Together. ” There might be two conclusions. Maybe he was trying to get the wrong thing or he did not have the right means to get it with. In other words, we were not together. We have been planning for fifteen years. All this scientific education has been built up on the normal dis- tribution curve (indicating the normal curve on chart) . He started out to get one hundred per cent. To demand one hundred percent means to go back on the absolutely fundamental position in measurement which is that (in- ✓ dicating the normal curve on chart). What did he mean ? I ask you or any other person what does he mean by coming in and demanding one hundred percent ? That all this scientific work and all this whole thing, the whole structure and statistics everywhere are wrong? The whole situation is pretty clear. He came here with a certain policy, namely, to put the superintendent in control of the teachers and the principals, and make of the public school system what the manager of a fac- tory would expect to have in the way of a factory. I think we ought to have a superintendent of schools that has power,tlyand I never heard anyone in the Prin- d es n it intelligently, humanely and effectively cipals ' Club object to that. What they do want is some- t s h o ✓ a n body n othat d i uses . 156 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 After the McAndrew Trial ENRICI'S is famous no less For purposes of comparison, the Bulletin reprints here an editorial, " After the McAndrew Trial," appearing for the enduring and deep in the editorial columns of the Chicago Daily Tribune, March 2, 1928: friendships it has won than Mr. McAndrew's attorneys walked out of for the quality of the foods his trial room with a few comments as to the worthlessness, incompetence, and irrelevance it serves and for the great of the procedure. The only trial it has been is volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- upon the patience and common sense of the day, before the matinee, it is the great city. Even as such, it seems to be coming to its end and to its consequences . central meeting place. Mr. McAndrew himself spoke before the de- partment of superintendence of the National Education association in Boston and in his speech he asked : "What happened to Finnegan, commissioner of education in Pennsylvania ? What did Baltimore do to J. H. Van Sickel ? HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT What did Newark, N. J., do to David B. Cor- son, superintendent of schools ? They were pinched out by politics just as every superin- 67 W. Randolph St. tendent of schools is who tries to deliver the goods to the public." Between Dearborn and Clark Streets The people of Chicago have permitted con- trol in matters affecting the education of their children to be transferred from educational No orchestral din authority to ward politics and teachers' coun- cils. Probably some of these parents were amused when Tennessee politics attached the monkey law to the teaching of science, but by lack of effective protest they have permitted a 100% greater interference in the welfare of their own children. CO-OPERATION The Chicago trial has a larger significance than the Dayton trial. It is quite as much a The Chicago Agency offers the greatest op- test of intelligent concern in the future of portunity it is possible to find anywhere, children. Mr. McAndrew has been run out, or even in this great age of life insurance will be run out, because he did not conform to progress . This Agency is founded upon the the requirements of politics and because his largest and most ambitious plans ever pro- methods were not acceptable to the organized mulgated for the building and development teachers. A superintendent who wishes to of men in the life insurance business . We remain unmolested will not antagonize either are looking for high-class, capable men who politics or the opinion and wishes of the can fit into this kind of an organization . teachers . Chicago thus definitely lowers the standard COME IN AND SEE US OR of public instruction, and that means that the COMMUNICATE WITH school children will have less chance of get- ting what they should from the costly institu- tion the tax payers provide for them. Pre- sumably the school teachers as a body are not disinclined to give a fair return. They prob- Darby A. Day Manager ably are willing but it has been proved to them that they need not submit to educational dis- 23rd Floor Bankers Building cipline themselves . Teacher control of teach- Phone State 5203 ing methods will not appeal to any superior 105 West Adams Street Chicago (Continued on Page 158) MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 157 April 16, 1928 Teachers Win Victory ; Board Stops Appeal Allows Case to Rest With Appellate Court Decision By unanimous vote of the Board of Educa- tion, Monday, April 16, the attorney for the Board was instructed to take no further steps toward appealing the decision of the Appel- late Court in the Emeritus Service case . The action followed the presentation of a petition signed by 8,656 teachers asking the Board to abide by the Appellate Court decis- on handed down February 14, 1928. The The Grand Canyon "most marvelous ofsights to man” resolution incorporating the petition, was passed at a meeting of the Chicago Teachers' THISmatchlessviewofthegrande stofearth's gorges was sketched from the splendid new Federation March 10, and was presented to Grand Canyon Lodge, on the brink of the lofty North Rim, Grand Canyon National Park. the Board March 28, and referred to the See this mighty chasm 220 miles in winding School Administration committee and to the length, a mile deep, and 13 miles wide, flanked by gigantic towers and temples painted from attorney for the Board. the palettes of the gods. The Principals' Club which had passed a This awe-inspiring abyss is but one attraction similar resolution, assisted in circulating the on the Utah-Arizona tour, which includes petition. Zion National Park Bryce Canyon Following is the Board resolution prevent- Cedar Breaks Kaibab National Forest ing an appeal to the Supreme Court and Huge mountains, deep canyons, rosy red and marking a signal victory for the teachers : marble white. Vast fairy cities of stone, amazingly realistic-glowing with ever chang- ing colors. Colorful deserts, quaint Mormon WHEREAS , the Appellate Court has recently de- villages, beautiful forests alive with deer, cliff clared the Emeritus Rule of the Board of Education dwellings, wild horses. It's America's greatest scenic combination tour. You'll meet interest- invalid; and, ing people from all parts of the world. WHEREAS, the rule was passed at the behest of Only five days are needed for the complete tour, William McAndrew for the purpose of affording him after leaving your Pullman at Cedar City, the an opportunity of finding a way out of complying with gateway . Shorter tours to individual regions . the directions of the Board to nominate some person Handsome lodges, with de luxe accommoda- other than William H. Campbell as a Member of the tions including the new Grand Canyon Lodge; Board of Examiners; and, smooth- riding motor busses. Miles of horse- NORTHWESTEN Low Summer Fares via back trails . O WHEREAS, the rule as sponsored by William Mc- CH IC AC D Andrew has worked unnecessary hardship on the per- AN sons affected by the same; NOW, THEREFORE, the Cool Summer Route NE to All the West LI 1 BE IT RESOLVED , that the Attorney for the Board be, and he hereby is, instructed to take no further UNION California, Yellowstone, Pa- イ OV steps toward appealing the decision to the Supreme ER PACIFIC cific Northwest and Alaska , LA Colorado, Zion and Grand Court. ND Canyon National Parks, Bryce POU TE Canyon, Salt Lake City. Nine fine trains from Chicago . MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN - MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher Address C. & N. W.-U. P. Line 6 So. La Salle St. or 148 So. Clark St. Dept. 213 Dept. 213 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten Chicago, Ill. Chicago, Ill . Please send me complete information and booklet. months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. Zion-Grand Canyon National Parks THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, Yellowstone Pacific Northwest and Alaska 1 15Cents. California Dude Ranches Colorado ☐ Escorted All- Expense Tours Hawaii LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ALLREMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Name. Street. the order of City. State MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American 892 BondandMortgageBldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Phone Central 3904 158 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 Group Insurance Offers Advantages Teachers Can Get Cheaper Rate , Better Coverage Teachers having membership blanks for the Chicago Teachers' Federation group insurance SantaFe Santa Fe are asked to return them as soon as possible Summer to the Federation office, in order that figures may be compiled. Teachers may receive $100 per month when disabled, and if confined in a hospital may receive $150 per month. In case of accidental death their estate receives $1,000. The cost of the disability insurance is $11.00 Xcursions semi-annually, coverage to begin after two to the cool weeks of disability, unless the individual is confined to the hospital, in which case it will begin the first day. scenicregions The group insurance policy offers cheaper Far West insurance to the teachers, better coverage, and does not require personal application. Every We suggest- member of the Chicago Teachers' Federation between the ages of 18 and 65 can get this in- Grand Canyon, surance without application or health history. the Indian- detour, Members of the Federation only are eligible. Members of the Insurance Committee are Colorado Rockies, F. Blanche Preble, chairman ; Frances Wil- Carlsbad Cavern, liams and Winifred Mathews . Mesa Verde, California , AFTER THE TRIAL Yosemite and the (Continued from Page 156) Dude Ranches- men in the field of education. With Chicago's limitations established and advertised, educa- If your time is limited, or tors who might make the Chicago public your plans are vague, a school system noteworthy in the country will Santa Fe representative is give the position the go-by. They will not ex- at your service to suggest pose themselves and their reputation to any or plan your vacation with such demoralization . greatest economy of time The ludicrous aspects of the McAndrew and money. trial have been uppermost. The seriousness of the consequences will be embodied in Chicago Ten Day All-Expense Personally Conducted public school education. Tours - Through New Mexico Rockies— -Editorial, Chicago Tribune, March 2, 1928. including Carlsbad Cavern and Indian-de- tour. Leave Chicago June 9-23, July 7-21 , SUBSCRIPTION August 4. to Twenty Day All- Expense Escorted Tours- Colorado and California, including Royal MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Gorge,Yosemite,Grand Canyon and Indian- Name .. detour. Leave Chicago June 17, July 1-8- Address ..... 15-29, August 5-12. (Street and Number) ....... City Phone, call or drop us postcard for picture folders and details Subscription price $2.00 per year. J. R. Moriarty, Div . Pass. Agent, Santa Fe Ry . 179 West Jackson St., Chicago, Ill. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite Phone: Wabash 4600 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 Or Ticket Offices-Dearborn Station, Congress Hotel, Palmer House, Great Northern Hotel, LaSalle Hotel, N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. Sherman Hotel, Stevens Hotel, and Uptown Union Ticket Office, Wilson Avenue and Broadway April 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 159 SPRING TOURS MANUFACTURING OPEN TUESDAY, REMODELING THURSDAY & All Expense REPAIRING SATURDAY STEAMER RAIL MOTOR STORAGE EVENINGS April 29, May 6th We have just completed a beautiful assortment of Mammoth Cave, River Trip, $78.75 FUR CHOKERS Make your selection now at our very low prices. and Two Other Fine Tours er Chattanooga and Mountain Resorts RELIABLEhorn JEin ROUND THE WORLD, $ 671.00 MARNELL Telephone STATE 6593 INTERNATIONAL TOURS FURRIER Nixon Building. 105 W. Monroe St. CHICAGO Telephones : HYDE PARK 7655-7656 939 East 63rd Street 00 Delicious Cooking How would you like Charming Surroundings Your Felt Hats Moderate Prices Reblocked Service from 8A.M. to 12 P.M. into up-to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- Luncheon ... .$0.60 servative styles. Small or extremely large Dinner .. 1.00 headsizes . We have them. We are manu- Sunday Dinner ......... 1.25 facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- ing Department has access to the best JULIA KING'S shapes. A trial will convince you of our efficient service. 10 ki Tea Room 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. en 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. Phone Dearborn 4892 Spring Sales on Fox Scarfs and Chokers Now in Progress at " EUGENIE " e!! FRENCH MODISTE JOHN J. MORAN, Inc. 15 E. Washington St. Fashionable Furs Room 218 Chicago , III . Will Call for Storage. Call State 4177 Storage Remodeling Repairing 58 East Washington Street GOWNS, BLOUSES and REMODELING ‫نا‬ ‫ہون‬ IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 399 GEORGE W. JOHNSON We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and Permanent Waving SHORTHAND REPORTER HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago ESTABLISHED 1905 SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers' Federation Phones: Edgewater 4674-4675-Broadway at Wilson Hi TELEPHONE NEVADA 0217 ELIZABETH N. EICHORN Dagobert, Fleming & Shewbrook 72 East Madison Street, Chicago FLORISTS Telephone State 7463 EXPERT DESIGNERS OF FLORAL ART GOSSARD CORSETS — LINGERIE 3211 W. Madison Street GIFTS NEAR KEDZIE Telegraph Delivery CHICAGO 10% Discount to Teachers 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR Thos. E. McElroy Co. Buy from one who KNOWS values, STEVENS BLDG. and will give you an honest deal FINE FURS F. RANKE FUR CO. Remodeling-Storage-Repairing Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. We Call for Storage 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 160 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 16, 1928 Ensembles $45 to $85 A collection of ensembles in two and three piece models in silks or cloth, the smartest expressions of the recent modes are featured at $45 and $85 . Frocks $25 $35 $45 $65 Smart frocks of Parisian inspiration for street and school wear in silks and cloth, in the newest colors. Coats $45 to $150 Gowns Coats whose fashion of authenticity, harmony of line, and exquisite tailoring make them garments of Gowns in plain and printed distinction. chiffon are now shown in all their splendor for Spring and the approaching Summer sea- son. Priced Johnson &Harwood Ist and 3rd Floors Pittsfield Bldg. $45 to $95 37 North Wabash Ave. Entrance Just South of Washington JOHN HAYES FRANK A. HAYES THE LANDA UTILITY CASE Special Hayes Hotels One Thousand Price to Teachers Homelike Rooms $4.75 Attractive Weekly Rates Name in Real Gold 25c Extra UNDER -ARM CASE DESIGNED ESPECIALLY HAYES HOTEL NORTH FOR THE USE OF TEACHERS 420 Diversey Parkway at Sheridan A convenient, compact, neat case-less bulky than a brief 300 ROOMS case-yet roomy enough to carry necessary papers , reports 300 BATHS and personal articles. Size 6x12 inches with two compartments. One attached and one loose coin purse. The case is made of genuine full grain, smooth finish cow- hide-black or brown-with nickel plated lock and patent catches . HOTEL HAYES During the past few months a large number of these bags 64th and University Ave. have been sold and the teachers using them are enthusiastic in their praise, recommending them highly. 500 ROOMS These cases may be inspected at our factory office or will be promptly mailed upon receipt of order. A. LANDA & SONS CO . COLONIAL HOTEL Manufacturers of LEATHER GOODS 6325 Kenwood Ave. 113 S. Jefferson St., Chicago 200 ROOMS Phone Franklin 5366 VOL. NO. V MargaretHaley's 9 T BULLETIN Chicago, Ill . 28 April 30, 1928 MY & 28 *** Many a school system-unhappy phrase !-has stunted the teachers that it professes to train and has put a premium on acquiescence, conformity and routine. Anything like originality or personal flavor or individual quality has been ban- ished from some of our schools by the iron hand of a system which allows no free play to any man or woman. *** -The Journal of the National Education Association, April, 1928. 162 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 30, 1928 'Round the Campfire-Listening to the Stories ofthe Forest Rangers Yellowstone all-expense tours- the new way thru Ajolly group Gallatin Gateway on their way After the N. E. A. convention in Minneapolis, hundreds of teachers plan to continue West. Some are going independently-as they please. Others are joining Personally-Escorted Tour Parties-a carefree, economical way to best see the West. You pay one, moderate, lump sum, covering every expense-hotel, meals, sight-seeing, transportation. No worry or bother-travel experts care for every detail en route. Hiking, riding, fishing, golfing, swimming, dancing- you'll enjoy your trip all the more with a jolly, companion- able crowd. Always enough for bridge . Either way- alone or with all-expense tour party- ar- range your trip over The Milwaukee Road. The Electrified Line takes you direct to the scenic new Gallatin Gateway. Other tours include Spokane (Inland Empire), Rainier Old Faithful National Park, Puget Sound, the Olympic Peninsula-also Alaska. And, of course, between Chicago and Minneapolis, as well as to the Pacific Northwest, The Milwaukee Road is the preferred route. Mail coupon for free books The MILWAUKEE ROAD ELECTRIFIED OVER THE ROCKIES TO THE SEA 222-1a Mr. B. J. Schilling, General Agent 50 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ill. CHICAGO Please send me literature and information on Pacific Northwest Yellowstone Rainier National Park Alaska MILW PACAU KEE Escorted All-Expense Tours AND STI. FPAU IC L Name. Address. A house party makes an ideal VACATION RAVEL with a jolly, congenial group of friends. Visit the places you have read about, and al- ways wanted to see. Golf, hike, ride, fish, swim, dance, play bridge, enjoy the companionship of a happy lot of fellow-travelers . On " House Party" Tours your railroad and steamship accommodations are a delight! You stop at famous hotels that are the rendezvous of the elite . You eat meals that please epicures . You enjoy a summer of delightful fun and travel , without a feather's weight of responsibility . Nothing to do but look ! Banff Springs Hotel, Canada Mount Rainier GUILD " HO LANNED by the Art Craft PBureau, originators ofthe fan Tours to Europe, Guild Tours" set a new standard for ca travel in the United States and You may have your choice of A Bungalow Camp in the aries, visiting any of the popular Canadian Rockies in the Wonderland of the W Northwest, Yellowstone Park, National Park, the Canadian Ro Colorado, the Charmed Land a You travel in an escorted part an experienced courier. No tich hotel reservations to make no arrange-no baggage worries! handled for you by the Guild's tra your Certificate of Membershipin Party Tour" becomes a magi transports you everywhere withon worry. Railroad, steamship and a meals and sightseeing are all first -furnished to you at a cost lower pay should you buy them yoursel dollar buys more when expend Guild organization , because you of our favorable contract arra hotels and sightseeing companie route . And you travel with a jolly, com people of culture and refinement Tour for its educational and rec " Old Faithful" Yellowstone Park T The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone-Yellowstone Fall- SEE THE WONDERLAND OF THE WEST REQUEST FOR VACATION INFORMATION Miss Margaret Patch, Art Crafts Guild Travel Bureau , 500 North Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois. Dear Miss Patch :-I should like to have your personal suggestions as to a vacation plan to suit the requirements indicated below: I should like to visit: EUROPE AMERICA England Yellowstone Park Ireland Rainier National Park Scotland Glacier National Park Belgium Seattle Holland "The Charmed Land" Germany Portland, Oregon France British Columbia Spain The Canadian Rockies Switzerland The Olympic Peninsula Austria California Hungary Salt Lake Czecho -Slovakia The Grand Canyon Norway Colorado Sweden Estes Park Denmark Alaska French-Canada MONTREAL AND QUEBEC NIAGARA FALLS I should like to travel: Alone With friends, independently of an organized tour. With an organized touring party of congenial people. I want to leave (state approximate date). I want to be gone not longer than (state approxi- mate time) I do not want to spend more than $. (state amount of your vacation budget .) On an organized tour, such as your "Collegiate Tours" or " House Party Tours," I should par- ticularly enjoy the following kinds of enter- tainment: Please send me Booklet " E " (Europe) . Booklet " D " (America) . NAME . ADDRESS . SEE THE WONDERLAND OF THE WEST Collegiate Tours to Europe "Just Like a Big House Party" AILING weekly during May, June, July and August, S liners. Congenial parties. Experienced guides. from Montreal and Quebec , on fast Canadian Pacific College orchestras on shipboard. Your choice of 69 itineraries, visiting nearly all countries in Europe. The following itinerary is our " Standard" Collegiate Tour: Day Program - Leave Quebec or Montreal . 1. Sail down the St. Lawrence. -Cross the Atlantic, via the St. Lawrence Route. 2 to 7. -Arrive Southampton. 8. Motor to Oxford, via Win- chester. -Motor through Shakespeare Country, visiting Strat- 9. ford-on-Avon, Kenilworth and Warwick Castles. Return to Oxford. 10. Visit the colleges. Motor to London visiting Stoke Poges and Windsor Castle en route. 11.- In London. Sightseeing by motor, with special lecturer. 12.- In London. Independent action. Shop or sight-see. 13.-In London. Independent action. Another day free. 14.-Via Dover and Ostend to Brussels. -Sightseeing in Brussels in morning by motor, with 15. special lecturer. Afternoon train to The Hague. -Excursion to Amsterdam. Sightseeing by motor 16. with lecturer. Afternoon trip to Volendam, the Isle ofMarken, Monnikendam. Return to The Hague. 17.-Sightseeing in the morning by motor, with special lecturer. Afternoon excursion to Scheveningen. 18.-By rail to Cologne, through Utrecht and Arnheim. 19.- To Mayence by steamer , through " Legend Land, " on the picturesque Rhine. 20. By rail to Paris, through Metz . -Sightseeing in Paris by motor, with special lecturer. 21. 22.-In Paris. Independent action . Shop or sight-see. -Excursion to Versailles by motor with special lec- 23. turer. 24.- In Paris. Independent action 25.-Through Normandy to Cherbourg. Sail. 26 to 31.-A week of " House Party Days" on the Atlan- tic as our great liner sails westward. -Arrive Quebec or Montreal. 32. Tour price of $385 includes round trip ocean passage, Tourist Third Cabin on famous Canadian Pacific Steam- ships ; all tips abroad; European transportation by rail- way, steamer and motor; hotel accommodations at good hotels; usual meals; motor-trips as specified in itinerary: admissions to galleries and museums; sight-seeing and guide service ; transportation of baggage; the helpful assistance of our conductors and couriers . See England, Belgium, Holland, Germany,. France-All $ 385 Expenses Our House Party Tours are offered to meet every requirement and cover nearly every country in Europe, at the same proportionate low cost. HOUSE PARTY TOURS To the Wonderland of the West JEEKLY during June, July and August, Guild "House WChicago, Party Tours will leave on special trains from over the Milwaukee Road. An experi- enced tour conductor acts as escort; organizes bridge tournaments and dances in the special recreation car ; and handles all sightseeing, hotel and travel arrange- ments. The following itinerary is a schedule of the "A" Tours-leaving Chicago for the west on Sunday, June 24, July 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, August 5, 12, 19, 26. From the "A" Tours, extension tours may be made through Yellowstone Park and to Alaska. Itinerary of " A" House Party Tours Sunday (First Day) . Leave Chicago by special train, via the Milwaukee Road. Through Milwaukee, the dairy and lake regions of Wisconsin, along the Mississippi , to St. Paul and Minneapolis. Monday (2nd Day). En route through the Dakotas and Montana. Indian ceremonies and rodeo at McLaugh- lin, South Dakota , in the heart of the Sioux Indian Reservation. Tuesday (3rd Day.) Sightseeing in Butte, Montana . Visit a copper mine and smelter. Into the Bitter Root Range of the Rocky Mountains . Wednesday (4th Day) . Sightseeing in Spokane. Motor to Hayden Lake. By train through the Wenatchee Valley. Thursday (5th Day) . By motor from Ashford to Paradise Valley, in Rainier National Park. Onward to Tacoma for the night. Friday (6th Day). To Seattle. Sightseeing by motor. Dance at New Washington Hotel in evening. Night at hotel. Saturday (7th Day) . By Canadian Pacific steamer on Puget Sound to Victoria, British Columbia. Sight- seeing by motor. Night at Empress Hotel. Sunday ( 8th Day) . By steamer across Georgia Sound to Vancouver . Monday (9th Day). Sightseeing in Vancouver. Board train for eastbound journey via Canadian Pacific . Through Fraser River and Thompson Canyons. Tuesday (10th Day). By train to Field; then by motor to Emerald Lake, the Continental Divide, Yoho Valley, Takakkaw Falls , Kicking Horse Canyon, Wapta Lake and Lake Louise. Dancing at the Chateau Lake Louise in evening. Wednesday (11th Day). A glorious day at Banff. Motoring, sightseeing, fishing, dancing-and resting at the Banff Springs Hotel. Thursday (12th Day) . Eastward by rail through Canada-out of the Rockies, to Calgary, Medicine Hat and Moose Jaw . Back into the United States at Portal . Friday (13th Day). Through the Minnesota lake region. Sightseeing in St. Paul and Minneapolis. A "last night " dance on board train in the recreation car. Saturday (14th Day). Arrive in Chicago. Back to home and work, with pleasant memories of a vacation tour that shall never be forgotten. Tour price of $255 from Chicago includes transporta- tion, sleeping car and steamer berths , all meals, hotel accommodations , sightseeing, special entertainments, transfer of baggage, and services of experienced tour conductor. See the Pacific Northwest and the CanadianRockies, Weeks- All ExpensTwo es . $255 Extension one week Yellowstone National Park . Extension to Alaska on the finest boats. Write for com- plete information . Gu s ild TCoriuaAafrrtttse eg pe Free ~ CoElluro o t 8 192 SEND FOR TRAVE BOOKSL PAL LAL I WO Huous GATEWAYN Ho Fascina ting tours Europe and Americ of a de- are ND PP see ratrt OaF Gu oury'y il C scribed handso detail in these mely illustra book- ted E T d IFI lets thro s RL TH PAC AN Bookle Collegi Et"".,, ate Tours Europe to A Eutghhe ADI contain itinerar ies of- 69 expense all WEND CAN tours visiting the VIA popular countri Europees",. of Booklet HouseD ST Booklet Party Tours Wonderlandof the West, con- " E informatains comple regardi te tion ng the Guild's 52 Booklet conduc tours Alaskain, United the States D " and Canada Specify which booklet interesyou are ted in. Tours Two WeeksA " ", Ex- All - Art penses from Chicago, Craf ts ToursC ", Pacific Northwest Cali- fornia Lake Salt and, Colorado $ 255 GUIL TRAV BURE D EL AU Three Weeks Price, from, Chicago $ 261.25 -B"' Tours, Yellowstone Park Salt 500 NORTH Lake - Colorado, Two Weeks DEARBO RN STREET D Nine"", Tours Day to -Price Chicago from, Yellowstone Park Expenses All, $ 185 CHICA ILLINOGO IS, Chicago from, $ 142.23 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 9 April 30, 1928 Page 163 Democracy in Education By W. H. Faunce President, Brown University Below are printed excerpts from a most en- It is entitled, "Democracy in Education," and lightening discussion appearing in the April, 1928, is written by W. H. P. Faunce, President of number of "The Journal of the National Educa- Brown University. Following are excerpts from tion Association." it: * Democracy, then, is freedom-not identity talk about ? Not the buildings, not the cur- or similarity. Democracy does not mean level- riculum-always about the teacher. What ling down, or levelling up, or any kind of makes a teacher interesting ? The fact that levelling or standardizing process. * something is now happening in the teacher's * * mind. He went to Europe last summer. He When Mr. Ford makes an auto, all the parts attended an extension course in some univer- are interchangeable; when Nature grows a sity. He climbed a mountain and went flower, no parts can be interchanged; and when through a storm at sea. He has mastered a we grow men and women no two are alike or new author in English literature . He has be- ever will be alike through all the ages. We come all aglow through a new study of the do not mould human beings as we make silver stars. forks and spoons by a heavy weight descend- The world is held back chiefly, not by bad ing on the child and stamping child nature men and women, but by good ones who have into some desired pattern. The children that stopped growing. The most discouraging give us the most trouble may be precisely those place I have ever visited was a certain normal most worth educating. It is the top and the school , where everything was arranged to re- bottom of the class that are the most interest- press personality and exalt system, and where ing and challenging portion of the school, pre- teachers were sent out annually who were icily cisely because those pupils decline to conform ! regular, splendidly null. Such a school often * * * exhibits to the casual visitor a long row of Democracy means, then, an equal chance apathetic faces immune to intellectual enthus- for unequal minds. iasm. If a teacher loves English poetry, or * * * history, or chemistry, with unflagging appre- But if teachers are thus to have educational ciation, he will make her pupils love it by a adventure, if they are to stimulate growth in happy contagion-even though he be ignorant pupils, they must be growing personalities of all the school laws of Massachusetts ! themselves . Many a school system-unhappy The teacher is, then, the agent of the state phrase !-has stunted the teachers that it pro- in preserving itself and creating its own fu- fesses to train and has put a premium on ac- ture. Education is not a charity, it is a part quiescence, conformity, and routine. Anything of the national defense. Fewer submarines like originality or personal flavor or individ- and more high schools constitute the best pro- ual quality has been banished from some of gram for defending America. The most use- our schools by the iron hand of a system which ful studies are not those dealing with bread allows no free play to any man or woman. Yet and butter, but those removing from the mind when the graduates of any school come back of youth its prejudices, its distorted views of for an anniversary or reunion, what do they other nations, its racial and religious hatreds. 164 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 30, 1928 From the Masthead by The Lookout The man who accords to his language The license to outrage his soul, Is controlled by the words He disdains to control. -Bulwer Lytton . To the Teachers of Chicago: Today, April 30, is an eventful day in the unanimously by the Board that day which County Building : contains the following in regard to the origin As the Bulletin goes to press, a mob of in- and purpose of the Emeritus Rule : dignant tax payers is milling around the WHEREAS, the rule was passed at the County Treasurer's office on the first floor behest of William McAndrew for the purpose of the County Building-trying to pay their of affording him an opportunity of finding a swollen and belated tax bills before the pen- way out of complying with the directions of alties after May first overtake them . the Board to nominate some person other The Board of Review and the Board of As- than William H. Campbell as a member of sessors appeared this morning (by attorney) the Board of Examiners ; before the Finance Committee of the County One of the two Board members whose name Board-on the fifth floor-threw up their appears in the "Yes" column on those two hands and agreed to publish the 1927 real es- dates, Mrs. Heffran, in giving her reasons on tate assessments by street and house number, March 21, 1928, for voting against dismissing for the first time in twenty-nine years . McAndrew for insubordination, said : Judge Hugo M. Friend, in the Circuit Court "The principle of tenure for the super- of Cook County-on the seventh floor-acting intendent-a definite term fixed by law— under the mandate of the Appellate Court, during which he has the opportunity to this afternoon reversed his decision of October work out his educational policy, is to my 8, 1926, and signed and entered a new decree mind of supreme importance." directing the Board of Education to reinstate immediately in their former schools 19 prin- Mr. English on April 16 asked to have the cipals and teachers the pathetic little rem- record show that 8656 teachers and principals nant of the 120 principals and teachers, who, have signed the petition requesting the Board since January 30, 1926 have been illegally re- to abide by the Appellate Court decision. moved from their positions, under the Board That resolution to abide by the Appellate rule of "Efficiency" known as the Emeritus Court decision in the Emeritus case was Rule. adopted by the Chicago Board of Education Two members of the Board of Education on April 16, five days after McAndrew , re- who voted "yes" on December 9, 1925, for the turning from one of his lecture tours, prob- adoption of the Emeritus Rule, under which ably on "Life Among the Boneheads," told these 120 principals and teachers were re- the Chicago reporter he was bringing the libel moved without trial, notice or hearing, in vio- suit against Mayor Thompson for "the pro- lation of the teachers' tenure law, voted "yes" tection of my (McAndrew's) profession." on April 16, 1928, for a resolution adopted Readers of the last issue of the Bulletin, April 30, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 165 April 16, will recall these words of the late dents leading up to Mr. Pope's sending this William Bishop Owen in regard to William speech to the newspapers. McAndrew and the Chicago Public Schools : On the morning of April 17, 1927, the Chi- “He (McAndrew) came here and said cago Tribune carried a story that Superin- these schools were no good before he was dent McAndrew had spoken in Chicago at the elected superintendent, and before he ever Michigan Alumni dinner and had stated : visited them to find out. “I was brought here specifically to loose * * * the hold that certain outside agencies and At which time was McAndrew an edu- the City Hall had around the school sys- cator? When he misrepresented the Chi- tem. I have loosed that hold and I believe cago schools before he ever visited them, it will stay loose.” or after he attempted to find out, by the The City Council the next day, April 18, by bungling use of the so-called scientific unanimous vote, adopted a resolution directing means after he got here?" its Schools Committee to conduct an investi- The above statements of Mr. Owen were gation and request the presence of Mr. Mc- made after he had read a speech on "What's Andrew to tell the Committee in what way the Wrong With the Chicago Public School Sys- City Council had a hold on the schools and in tem" reported to have been made in Chicago what way he had loosed that hold and also on December 22, 1923, by William McAndrew, what was the "invisible government" referred then of New York, to members of the Chicago to in his speech, whose hold he had loosed. Board of Education . That resolution was referred to the Schools This purported speech of McAndrew's, Committee, and the Committee requested which is printed in full elsewhere in this is- Supt. McAndrew to appear before it, which sue, was sent to the Chicago newspapers on he refused to do . The Committee then sent May 23, 1927, attached to a letter of that date a letter to the Board of Education asking the from Mr. Frederic S. Pope. Board to request Supt. McAndrew to appear Mr. Pope's letter read as follows : before the Committee. 1 I understand that when the Board of The Board referred the Council Committee's Education was ready to seek a Superin- letter to its Committee on School Administra- tendent in 1923, they invited leading edu- tion and action on that has been deferred at cators from all over the United States to every meeting since. I do not know whether discuss the question “ What is Wrong with or not that communication from the City the Chicago School System?” William Council has been sricken from the Secretary's McAndrew, then of New York, was one of docket since McAndrew's dismissal . the men invited to be present. His speech A careful reading of this purported speech is attached to this letter. This has been of McAndrew's will clear up many questions hurriedly written and form may be crude in the minds of the Chicago teachers, hitherto in places. unanswered. Before reading it, take notice This speech seems to answer some of that the two paragraphs preceding the speech the questions now being asked by the City were written after Dec. 22, 1923, and after Mr. Council and others —invisible government, McAndrew became Superintendent of the Chi- for example, and I believe it should be cago Public Schools . printed. I can see no reason why my name Here are the two paragraphs : should appear in connection with the “These are the points I made in my sug- printing of the article. gestions to Board of Education, Chicago, In this speech McAndrew portrayed when I was there in December, 1923. Pres- quite fully what he thought Chicago's ent were Mr. Hanson, Mrs. Hefferan, Mr. schools needed,—doing this without any Fellows, Mr. Muhlenburg, two other thought that he would be the next Super- women board members, Mr. Moderwell, tendent. It is interesting to note how true and I can't recall who else. to form his administration has run. “I am amazed that I should have been Very truly yours, elected superintendent on the basis of a (Signed) Frederic S. Pope. FSP : BE talk so uncomplimentary.” [The spelling of Mr. Mullenbach's name and Before reading Mr. McAndrew's purported other errors in the above and in the speech, are speech it would be well to recall some inci- 166 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 30, 1928 as they appeared in the document sent out by Mrs. Ella Flagg Young pointed out the dan- Mr. Pope .] gers of "externally imposed aims in the In the purported speech the Chicago Teach- schools" and of the close supervision that Mc- ers' Councils are described as a "weird pro- Andrew advocated in his speech before the Board in 1923. Chicago would do well to heed ject." McAndrew repudiates two fundamental her words of warning and wisdom on these principles underlying the Councils laid down two questions of vital importance to children. by Mrs. Young, the founder of the Chicago Read McAndrew's platitudes and prattle, then Teachers ' Councils . take to heart these words of Mrs. Young : 1. That the Councils should meet on "No more un-American or dangerous solu- school time, that is, they should tion of the difficulties involved in maintaining be official not voluntary organizations . a high degree of efficiency in the teaching 2. " The voice of authority of position corps of a large school system can be at- not only must not dominate but must tempted than that which is effected by what is not be heard in the councils." termed "close supervision." -Isolation in the Schools Frequent visitations to the schools in the dis- by Ella Flagg Young. trict, or ward, bring the minutiae of each It was while the controversy was going on schoolroom into the foreground , and develop a through the newspapers as to whether Mc- feeling of responsibility for matters of petty Andrew should or should not appear before detail which are of a purely personal nature ; the City Council Committee on Schools that and hence it follows that a ranking officer may Mr. Pope sent his letter of May 23 and the be so near to the daily work as to have an purported speech of McAndrew to the news- exaggerated, or mistaken, conception of the papers . obligations of a superintendent in determining Readers of the Bulletin may recall a speech the method in regard to even the non-essen- by Mr. Pope reprinted in the Bulletin of Feb. tials in the conduct of the school. 27, 1926, from the Principals Club Reporter In a short time the teachers must cease to of Dec. 20, 1925. The speech was made before occupy the position of initiators in the indi- the George Howland Club and printed under vidual work of instruction and discipline, and the heading"Side Lights on Business Control must fall into a class of assistants, whose duty of the Schools and Immigration." consists in carrying out instructions of a Some of the statements in Mr. Pope's speech higher class which originates method for all . make the reader wonder whether Mr. Pope The reaction from close supervision with handed McAndrew his impossible 100 % that one set of dominant ideas to close supervision he tried to put over on the unfortunate chil- with another set has been the basis of proce- dren of Chicago, or whether McAndrew dure in every large system, with little recog- handed it to Pope. Here are some excerpts nition of the fundamental difficulty in the from the speech at the George Howland Club : theory . "Anything less than perfection is failure. In colleges and universities the benumbing In the arithmetic of life there are only two theory of close supervision of the members of percentages, 100 and zero. ” * * * the faculties is unknown ; and yet it is gen- " Why cannot the school authorities set up erally held as an inspiring, natural one for an irreducible minimum of these essentials elementary schools. There must come a rec- and insist that every child come with 100%." ognition of the law of life in those schools. *** The rights and obligations that inhere in mem- "From observation in the educational world bers in different parts of the system must be and the business world and through my knowl- subjected to careful analysis, and then the edge of human nature, I arrive at the conclu- teaching corps must be unfettered in its activ- sion that our course of study, surely in the ity in striving to realize those things which elementary school and possibly in the high will evolve themselves in a free play of thought school, ought to be clearly divided into two in the individual and the community." parts : the mechanical memoriter side and the theory side. The former should be drilled thoroughly into every child and should be the basis of promotion." Morjenta. Haley MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 167 April 30, 1928 McAndrew Criticized Schools Before He Came Here Former Superintendent in 1923 Discussed Policies The speech printed below, according to the first two paragraphs were apparently written letter of Frederick S. Pope on "What Is Wrong subsequent to McAndrew's appointment to the with the Chicago School System," was made by position as Superintendent. Mr. McAndrew December 22, 1923, to the Board It shows that before coming to Chicago, Mr. I of Education at a time when the Board was about McAndrew criticized the schools, as told by Mr. T to seek a superintendent of schools. Wm. B. Owen. Copies of the speech were sent to Chicago Following is the address entitled, "Suggestions newspapers by Mr. Pope on May 23, 1927. The on Policies for a City School System" : SUGGESTIONS ON POLICIES FOR A CITY by parents, are not now the preponderating pur- SCHOOL SYSTEM pose of public schools, but public service is. The December 22nd, 1923 last war has revived this American purpose. These are the points I made in my sugges- Schools are a government institution de- tions to Board of Education, Chicago, when I voted to the official American, civic, patriotic, was there December 23, 1923. Present were political desirabilities ; equality, right to life, Mr. Hansen, Mrs. Hefferan, Mr. Fellows, Mr. right to liberty, right to happiness, duties of Muhlenburg, two other women board mem- preserving union, justice, tranquillity, defense, bers, Mr. Moderwell, and I can't recall who and general welfare. else. Your Illinois Law lays down your duty as 18 I am amazed that I should have been elected that of maintaining a thorough and efficient superintendent on the basis of a talk so un- system of free schools, and of teaching patrio- complimentary. tism, the principles of representative govern- ment, the Declaration, the Federal and State "The President told me that you are having Constitutions. school men talk to you on what the policy of The law, as just said, requires the teaching a school board in a large city could prop- in your schools to be thorough and efficient. erly be. Your newspapers, like ours in New York, have It ought to be founded on established prin- charged that your schools, like ours, are not ciples . thorough and efficient. Before the American Revolution schools Our papers charged that our children were supported by the parents who had chil- couldn't write legibly, spell correctly, under- dren in the schools. The Revolution set up stand what they read or reach correct results the now well known national purposes of by simple computation. equality, life, liberty, happiness, union, jus- Your newspapers said the same things about tice, tranquillity, defense, and general welfare. your children. te The people acting as government took over the We instituted in New York extensive sam- schools as a part of the public service, like the * * pling of the work of * and found that post office, etc., and made the schools a charge ‫او‬ in an amazing amount the newspaper charges on all the people, not merely on parents . were true. They left the schools as they left many other public duties to the States. As different Our New York principals , accordingly, as the results of conferences with their Division a States came into the Union, they set up school systems taxing non-parents as well as parents , and District Superintendents set about deter- carrying out the general constitutional prop- mining exactly where the deficiencies were, osition of "the general welfare ." and by intelligent teaching directed at the That is, you are a public service corporation, specific weakness, repairing this lack of thor- running schools not so much for the benefit of oughness and efficiency. children as for the benefit of the community in Our system has a bureau of efficiency or- general. Scholarship, ornament, destruction,* _ ganized since the Herald's expose of weakness - - proper enough aims, of the old schools, paid for in the fundamentals. It is sampling all the Note: The word " destruction" appears in the copy. time as your chemical works, or butter works, 168 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 30, 1928 or cheese works, or any productive corporation I read of boasts of having enough voters con- is sampling. trolled to do this or that unless the Board of You have the nucleus of such a service but it Education does as the group of its employees tests only those schools whose principals ask to dictate. be tested which makes me think of a remark your You hear of a weird project in which several Superintendent Young once made that Chicago times a year the children are sent home and the was content to have some good schools. principal excluded while the class room teachers assemble and do what has been outlined for them You don't know whether your children can read, write, spell and figure or not. by a little coterie of manipulators . " THE INVISIBLE EMPIRE " You have no policy of making sure that all your schools shall comply with the law and give At the club in which I spent the evening last a thorough and complete common school educa- night the substance of the talk was that the tion. schools are run by the rulers of an invisible em- At least so I have been told many times by pire and that school boards for thirty years have intelligent Chicago citizens in and out of the sys- been afraid to perform the duty imposed upon tem. them by law. As the Board of Education you can have Everywhere I hear that what Chicago most thorough and efficient education if you insist needs is a school board with lime enough to ad- upon it and pay for it. minister the schools in conformity with the law SAYS SYSTEM RANKS LOW which makes the Board a corporation of the The Chicago teacher and principal is not of State. inferior mentality but your school system does A Board of Education which will cut itself not rank high among the schools of the country. loose from these bewildering connections and On the contrary, it is now more frequently called devote itself honestly and wholeheartedly to a "joke" than is any school system I know of. rendering to the community the service of giving I am sure there is no offense in reminding you it thorough and efficient service can clean things of this ; you are new at the business and can estab- up completely. The people here as elsewhere lish an alibi. want their schools free from political manipula- The reason your schools do not hold high rank tion, political strife, selfish interests and fear. is the failure of Chicago Boards of Education to The reputation of Chicago Board of Education address themselves to the main duty ; a thorough throughout the country has been hurt by news- and efficient school system run for the public, paper stress on fighting, warfare, dissensions and not for teachers, not for principals, not for super- by intimations that the Board is afraid of an or- intendents, not for board members, not for City ganization of teachers or of an organization of Hall, but for the people. principals or of book publishers. The Board of Education, like those of Pitts- Most cities have been in that position and burgh, Cincinnati, and other cities, is a body have advanced a long ways beyond it. Pitts- corporate. It possesses managerial independ- burgh, Philadelphia, Boston, Springfield, ence from other public service in the munici- Massachusetts, have separated their school pality. It has independent power to raise and boards from interference by other bodies . expend its funds. But it has failed to use its Their schools have thereby prospered. independence and that is the main reason (Gave details of my interviews, with citi- school boards and schools of Chicago hold so zens and teachers in those cities, in gathering low a regard here and elsewhere. data for French Strother. ) I note in our New York papers a Chicago Presi- But the Illinois law is explicit enough to free dent of the Board being called by the Mayor, its school Boards from the embarrassments of the second Carter Harrison, and being told what too many guides. It commits unqualifiedly the to do : I read of the board being told by City Hall management of schools to the Board of Educa- whom to elect president, what attorney to choose, tion and its superintendent. The state dele- who is to be the principal of this school, who is gates to the mayor and board of aldermen the not to be principal of that school ; what teachers nomination and endorsement of board mem- are to pass promotional examination, what dis- bers. This is merely a convenience, less expen- tricts are to have new buildings . sive than an election. It might, as in Pennsyl- I read of an officer of a teachers' association vania, have delegated this power to judges . dominating board meetings and telling the board The board, however chosen, is charged with what to tell the superintendent of schools. the function of the state; to furnish free April 30, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 169 schooling. It is not a local service. It's bigger proposition that teachers' views of educational than that. policies are very valuable. Everybody knows "The people of the State of Illinois rep- that. The teacher is right at the point where resented in the General Assembly" enact all education takes place, where teacher and the provisions for the school system, lay down taught come in contact. their duties, and provide your authority. They Her participation in the advance of educa- have set up a simple and effective machinery tional progress is invaluable, but it is not, as orh for maintaining this thorough and efficient your Chicago plan assumes, superior to the system of free schools that I have been em- judgment of the schoolmaster himself. phasizing here so much. He, too, sees the work of the class room ; Your law takes away from the Board of he sees more. Education intentionally some functions which CHICAGO PLAN ABSURD previous boards have abused and imposes Your Chicago plan of excluding him from those duties upon a superintendent of schools . the meetings which teachers hold is absurd. di That is in accordance with the usage now in It is one of the things which chiefly makes Chi- school systems everywhere. When I was in cago schools the laughing stock of people who 1 this school system before there was one mem- are familiar with productive organization in any ber of the school board who was practically line of work. the superintendent of schools, selecting the Good organization in any school system puts d teachers, the sites and the text books . responsibility on the principal and encourages ORIGINATES POLICIES him to get and utilize for his community the Now your law imposes upon a superintend- experience judgment and initiative of teachers. ers . ent of schools the duty of prescribing and ‫الل‬ controlling courses, text books, conduct of For years New York schoolmasters have of g the schools and of the teachers subject to the organized their staffs as councils. approval of the Board. He, and not the Board, Your Chicago usage of excluding principals originates educational policies. If the board from councils has no theoretical reason strong disapproves of them they fail. If he neglects enough to justify it and has, I am told, no results to perform certain specified duties the board to show, worthy of time and money it costs. by a two-thirds vote will itself provide for The usual form of organization seems to me them. more efficient; a city-wide council elected from oб The fixing of policies and their execution are all the kinds of service including principals and simple if the spirit of the law is followed. advising the superintendent on such things as he The location of responsibilities and powers is refers to it. clear; teachers are directed by principals ; prin- Your newspapers say you are going to cut out cipals by district superintendents, district superin- the oratory and recrimination which have given tendents by division superintendents ; they by a Chicago boards a poor reputation. superintendent of schools who is responsible to I have seen boards of education bedeviled by the people of the State as represented by their a cheap and contentious orator, playing to the board of education . galleries and making board meetings the cause The control of the services by a little group of of ridicule in the newspapers. schemers here is said to be very complete. It has I have seen boards pass rules which effec- elaborate machine for deciding the conduct of tively protected them from this abuse. Every- the schools. It is said to have power enough to body says that you now have an unusually get its advocates appointed on the board of hard task because of the building up of a tradi- education and to make or break a superintendent. tion here antagonistic to public respect for a Everywhere I am told boards of education have school board. The public has become digusteď. been afraid of it. E Other cities have done a good deal to clear Past neglect and abuses by board of educa- school management from political domination tion have been responsible for the growth and outside or inside. I know of no case in which strength of this organization but that does not of this clearance has hurt the school service or ‫کا‬ course, justify you in surrendering your legal re- has been a cause of general regret. The logic コジ sponsibilities to it or in recognizing schemes con- of the case is all in favor of the situation . Cen- trary to the usual organization of school systems. tering responsibility simplifies the problem The organization in Chicago is based on the and lessens the working of selfish motives . 170 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 30, 1928 In New York the activity of municipal of- Yes. It is regarded by all who have spoken to ficers in school affairs used to be impelled by me about it as singularly lacking in the quality motives foreign to education purposes. The now considered essential in school surveys ; that aldermen would bring delegations to the board is, objective measurements, facts capable of sub- meetings and would work for the location of stantiation absence of personal predilection. school buildings in favored localities for the It reads like special pleading of a committee purpose of showing that the aldermen was one told beforehand what its conclusions ought to who could get benefits for his constituents . be, and then trying to collect specifications to School buildings ought not to be erected on establish them. that basis . The Detroit teachers whose work is belittled BUILDINGS FOLLOW SURVEY in the report regard it as chiefly an exhibition of bad manners . For years, now, superintendents have rec- ommended buildings as the results of surveys (Asked about junior high schools.) showing seat shortage, growth of school popu- JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS lation and building trends. The superintend- They are proving in New York a decided ent lists the building needs in order of urgency . benefit . They give the 7th and 8th grade chil- The pressure of aldermen is not now felt by dren a much more profitable course. They the board of education there at all. They do could not otherwise get it ; the equipment call on Superintendent Ettinger, he brings would cost too much if spread over ten times them before a board of superintendents . as many elementary schools ; they are greatly Assistant Superintendent Shallow in charge benefiting the 6th grade children by giving of the Building Survey brings out his conges- them leadership and attention which the 8th tion lists. That settles it. We haven't had a graders used to monopolize. They are likely city official before us in three or four years . to aid the senior high schools by permitting Building selection scandals have entirely dis- concentration upon the peculiar problems of appeared. more mature youth . (Someone asked a question about building Chicago is bound to have them but by the costs for platoon schools . ) same influence which has prevented duplicate We increased by the platoon plan the com- [platoon] schools your people have been fright- fortable capacity of a building 50 % to 100% . ened into abandoning the junior high school Instead of letting class rooms stand idle project. It was recommended to a board of edu- when children are in shops, playgrounds, and cation, started and withdrawn through lack of assemblies we count the capacity of the build- lime in the backbone . ing to be 1633 % in shops and special rooms, That's the main trouble with Chicago schools. 1633% in playgrounds and gymnasia, 163% The responsible agencies have been lain down. in auditorium and 50 % in regular class rooms . The board haven't known how to use a superin- A new building built on this plan is a great tendent. Let me see : When I was here George economy, old buildings having class rooms Howland was superintendent. The Board told which must be converted into gymnasiums, him to quit ; then came Albert G. Lane; the board shops, and auditoriums gain various percents and he couldn't make a go ; then Benjamin An- of capacity, rarely 100 % . drews, the board treated him like a bootblack ; Teachers and principals advocate and op- Edwin Cooley told me more than once that his pose this duplicate or platoon plan, often on only trouble and concern was the school board. general principles unsubstantiated by facts . Mrs. Young quit, according to the news- Your Superintendent Young advocated its papers, because she was worn out being fought use here and said the principals weren't pro- by the school board. John Shoop, when I used gressive enough to use it. to see him, was worn out by his worries . Mr. Our New York duplicate schools showed in Chadsey's support by the school board was a some cases higher pupil successes than other travesty. schools ; in some cases lower, in no case lower If you get behind Mr. Mortenson tell him than the same school showed before the plan he is your general manager, have him outline was put in. his methods for getting thorough and efficient Detroit shows higher scholarship in its instruction and back him up you'll have good platoon schools than in its non-platoon schools. But you'll have to stop the personal schools . interference of board members. Keep ' em out (Asked if I had seen a report of Chicago of his office, keep ' em out of the board of ex- teachers against the platcon plan. ) aminers' office ; that's the curse of boards, MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 171 April 30, 1928 R whether they are trustees of a bank, or a hos- tional " addresses. The Superintendent used pital, or directors of a railroad. They can't to call us together and tell us what noble mis- run trains and hire and fire engineers . sionaries we were. We all knew it was a pose. The present day organization of an education We all knew it was a bid for personal popu- department requires a superintendent who will larity by the superintendent. A good flat- formulate in simple terms the objectives of the terer can do that. service. He needs to have help enough to We used to have board members who played ascertain the grade of service the different schools for the title "the teachers' friend." What we need now are officials who will take the much are rendering. He has to organize, deputize, and supervise in the department so as to bring and less picturesque function of the parent's maintain the service to a satisfactory point. There friend, the public servant who doesn't want to be pictured in the paper nor be paraded as are now standards worked out that can be defi- front page matter, but who wants to use the nitely understood. The superintendent needs to modern, quiet methods of measuring, diag- hold principals to that standard. Chicago prin- nosing, administering corrective and curative cipals are not now so held. Many of them feel treatment without noise, without publicity, and enjoy the liberty of voluntary Sunday School without popularity. Indeed, no man known workers . to me has ever set about cleaning and stiffen- They'll have to be required to stay in their ing a service without incurring a notorious schools during school hours, and to get out into popularity. F the class rooms where the work is being done. CLEANING AND STIFFENING In no other productive activity are the workers You've got to make your objectives clear as poorly supervised as in the Chicago public and distinct. Your folks will mostly agree schools, of which I have heard. You can't spoil to aim at them. Some of them won't . much cloth or metal in a factory without being Then you have to coax, then force, then discovered, but you can do great damage to the dismiss . minds of the children without anybody knowing The rebellious will murmur. it. For this reason we have the position of prin- They will go to board members . cipal. He is not now "principal teacher. " He's They will go to the ward leaders . d not merely head policeman. Then comes the test of the solvency of di the board. PRINCIPAL "PRODUCTION MGR." Some members will block the superin- He is a production manager whose chief busi- tendent. ness it is to secure high-class teaching. If he It is to avoid this, and as the result of very isn't doing it he should be helped to learn how. wasteful experience that the later school laws There are now enough people who can do this have stepped in and have taken from laymen Ge so that no excuse can be found for retaining the board of education and have imposed upon principals who can't. professionals as in New York, as in Chicago , ‫ا‬ There persists here an old village idea that the duty and the corresponding authority of the superintendent should be in direct super- protecting the community in its rights for vision of teachers ; call them together and ad- which it pays the whole very large cost of pub- dress them. The superintendent cannot direct lic education . the work of 12,000 teachers. There are only Public education, however much the "in- 7,000 in the division assigned to me as super- spirational " orators may emphasize its joy , intendent. I have no direct supervision of its spirituality, its need of happy and con- them. I don't call them together or address tented teachers is a business. It is supported them . That's the principal's duty as to the by the sweat and the sacrifice of those whose teachers in his own school . 1 money it uses . It is not a concern devoted to A principal can transmit directions from a the happiness of a superintendent, or of prin- ‫ا‬ superintendent and he can see that the direc- cipals, or of teachers. It is a service paid for tions are followed up. Somebody lured your by everybody in this state who earns a cent or Superintendent Chadsey into calling mass spends a cent. They are unorganized, they , meetings of teachers. As I read newspaper and not we, in the system, are the inarticulate accounts of it I don't see how the meetings group ; their benefit, their profit, their happi- could be justified by any of the rules of ef- ness, not ours, is the paramount consideration . 1 fective administration . It's an outworn idea. The happiness of us in the system isn't a We used to have what we called "inspira- privilege implied in the contract. Happiness 172 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 30, 1928 of the public-school worker is a duty, not a RESUME : right. It is a commonly accepted accompani- The obligation is thorough and efficient instruc- ment of good work and not something con- tion in the fundamentals of a common school veyed by a school board or a superintendent education directed toward patriotism, service, to principals and teachers . and general welfare. " THE ANVIL CHORUS " Chicago has departed too far from it, too much Riverview Park picknicking. Pageants of Prog- There are no instances of school service happi- ress, various "weeks" and days. ness derivable from laziness, liberty, democracy, Need a stiffening of the organization plac- sloppy service, and lax discipline. ing the authority on principals and sloughing The experience of mankind is that "happy off grotesque devices designed to scatter is he who has found his WORK and is doing responsibility. it efficiently. " "What is the greatest delight ? " Need to understand a few definite poli- someone asked the Greek sage, Anaximander, cies of thoroughness and efficiency and to "To do what you are doing in the best manner assure your superintendent that you approve in which it can be done." That seems to be them. true, still 2,500 years after Anaximander said it. It certainly is true of schools. Children Need to prevent your own members from respect and enjoy a strict school-which gets individual participation in the superinten- dent's business. productive work out of them. So do teachers, principals and superintendents . Chicago is Need to prevent municipal government entitled to that kind of school service. Every participation in the management of your indication is that the vast majority of your business . It has proven everywhere clumsy, organization wants it. bewildering, dissipating of responsibility. You have a very efficient anvil chorus which This has not been a paen of praise for the makes much noise. But the main nutriment of Chicago schools system. It has had too rebellion in school circles is the fear shown by much of it, like the army of Napoleon III. I those responsible for good service. I knew in may be wrong in my appraisal; I may be Dakota of an Indian named "Young man afraid wrong in my emphasis, but you asked me to of his horses. " Over and over again have I heard come over to give a general outline of public it said of Chicago boards, they are afraid. school policy with special reference to Chi- cago. That's what I have tried to do." THE IRON FIST NOTES : The stimulated unhappiness, downtrodden Mr. Moderwell's remarks were to the effect idea, tyrannized-over notion found in all school that my theory put too much of the respon- systems is paralleled in all organizations working sibility on board of education. "It's too large under direction. We had it in the railroad, I and complex a matter for busy men serving worked for, it is in business corporations, or- some of their time to handle. We can't tell chestras, dramatic organizations, choirs and even what operations the doctors in our hospitals in churches. Its propagators get pleasure out could perform. We expect the superintendent of it. They have given Chicago schools the to tell us what we ought to do . reputation of opposition to progress . The McAndrew : " Schools ought not to be run more you notice it the more it grows for its for the schoolmaster, nor public officers for the purpose is to annoy managers . If the man- officeholder. A superintendent ought to know ager pays too much attention to it, he gets what should be done, should tell the Board . more of it thrust upon him . The Board should subject it to the fresh view The cure of it is according to Sancho Panza of laymen, otherwise hobbies and whimsical- in the play to "treat 'em fair and give ' em ities get into school practices. " plenty of work." Teaching is the best cure of it for the teacher is in daily contact with A New Discovery happy growth, their advance is the constant The city kid was roaming about in the coun- course of happiness to a teacher. Make it try when he came upon a dozen or so empty clear that the one big aim of the school system condensed milk cans. Greatly excited, he is achievement of worth while things by the yelled to his companions : children, see that the work is organized to get "Hey, fellers, come here quick ! I've found that and the aims of the knockers will fail . a cow's nest ! "-Country Gentleman. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 173 April 30, 1928 Friends to Honor Memory of Louis F. Post Plan Memorial to Commemorate Service of Great Single Taxer In memory of the late Louis F. Post, his of the Old Guard of Greenbackers, old-fash- friends, who are legion, will hold a meeting ioned Laborites and pioneer Single Taxers Friday night, May 4, at 8 o'clock, in the City passes from the scene." Club, 315 Plymouth Court. Mr. Post died Seattle ( Wash.) Union Record: * * * “Mr. January 10 at Washington, D. C. Post's death is a big loss to the nation which Former Governor Dunne will preside at the needs men of his liberality and enlightenment 1 meeting. Speakers and their subjects will be today perhaps more than ever before." Carlos R. Blackwell, Washington Star : Prof. Robert M. Lovett, Chicago University, "Louis F. Post and Civil Liberty" ; Prof. Wil- * * * “Gracious Father, may it by Thy will for me to meet him again, for I know it will liam E. Dodd, Chicago University, "Louis F. be in Heaven . " Post and Wilson Democracy" ; Dr. Charles C. * * Johnstown (Pa.) Democrat : * "His Morrison, editor of the Christian Century, whole heart was in the cause of human bet- "Louis F. Post, Editor of the Public" ; Alder- terment. He never had a thought which was man Wiley W. Mills, "Louis F. Post, My Per- sonal Friend" ; Miss Margaret Haley, Chicago not inspired by lofty purpose, by humanita- rian desires and by a keen sympathy with the J Teachers ' Federation, "Louis F. Post and the victims of social maladjustments." Chicago Board of Education" ; and John Z. White, lecturer on the Single Tax, " Louis F. Post and the Single Tax." Strategy A public meeting commemorating the serv- How doth the gentle laundress ices to humanity and democracy rendered by Search out the weakest points, Mr. Post was held April 10 in New York And always scrape the buttons off under the joint auspices of the Robert Shal- At the most strategic points . -Tar Baby . 0 kenbach Foundation, the Civic Club, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Manhat- tan Single Tax Club, the Commonwealth Say It With Sign Language Land Party and the Brotherhood of the Com- Caller : " What a cute little baby ! What is monwealth. he saying ?" Among the tributes which have been paid Perplexed Father : "I don't know. His Mr. Post are those of : mother carries the code book. ” —Colgate Ban- ter. Ambrose H. Swope, Single Tax leader of Johnstown : * * * " The work that Louis F. Post did as editor of the Public will constitute ARE YOU GOING ABROAD ? a glorious chapter in the history of human If you are planning a trip to Europe or if freedom ; it was truly ' a journal of funda- you know teachers who are, will you please mental democracy.' No wrong or injustice send your names and addresses to the Bulle- that came to his attention escaped challenge tin office, Room 1331, 127 N. Dearborn St. and censure. For years the Public was the clearing house of all liberal thought in the United States ." MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN * * * Philadelphia (Pa.) Bulletin : "He was one of the old-line radicals attracted by MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher the Wilson variety of progressivism and was MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten made assistant Secretary of Labor in 1913, months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. serving until 1921. He was unsympathetic THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 15 Cents. be with the immigration restriction ideas which LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. have prevailed in recent years and came under ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of fire for what was alleged to be undue leniency MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American to alien radicals whose deportation was Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago sought. With his death at 78, almost the last Phone Central 3904 174 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 30, 1928 Boards Prepare to Have your Central 5160 FELT, STRAW or VISCA Publish Tax Lists HATS RE - BLOCKED Finance Committee of County Board into up -to - date styles . Bobbed hair or con- Endorses Plan to Release $75,000 servative styles. Small or extremely large headsizes . We have them. We are manu- Printing of real estate lists by street num- facturers of the finest hats and our Re-block- bers within the $ 150,000 appropriation made ing Department has access to the best for the purpose by the County Board was shapes . A trial will convince you of our practically assured at a meeting of the efficient service . Finance Committee of the County Board Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. April 30 when a detailed plan to complete the 175 N. Wabash Ave. Between Randolph & Lake St. work within that figure was submitted by J. L. Jacobs, efficiency expert. Charles C. Carnahan, speaking for the Spring Sales on Fox Scarfs Board of Assessors and Board of Review, and Chokers Now in Progress at pledged the co-operation of those two bodies in completing the publication at the earliest JOHN J. MORAN, Inc. Fashionable Furs possible date, according to the Jacobs' plan. Will Call for Storage. Call State 4177 Storage Remodeling Repairing According to Mr. Jacobs, special machinery 58 East Washington Street which will prevent the duplication of effort and will speed up the work will also spell IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST economy for the publication of the tax lists. We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and The procedure as outlined at the meeting Permanent Waving was satisfactory to the members of the com- HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR ESTABLISHED 1905 mittee, to George Fairweather, who repre- SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. sented the Joint Tax Commission, and to Miss Phones : Edgewater 4674-4675-Broadway at Wilson Margaret Haley, representing the Chicago Teachers ' Federation . Action to have the lists published in accord- ance with the law followed an order of the Thos. E. McElroy Co. STEVENS BLDG. Illinois State Tax Commission of which Wil- liam H. Malone is chairman . The order was FINE FURS Remodeling-Storage-Repairing entered January 25, 1928, at the request, Oc- We Call for Storage tober 5, 1927, of the Chicago Teachers' Fed- STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 eration following a series of hearings before the Commission . Room 1228 Burnham Building, 160 N. La The Finance Committee of the County Board Salle Street. on April 30 ordered the release of $75,000 with At that time Miss Vera Reynolds , of the which to start the work. Continental Casualty Company, will outline the terms of the insurance and the benefits which it will give to teachers. Group Insurance It is different from annuity and life policies, in that it insures teachers an income during Protects Salaries illness and has other advantages which other policies do not carry. Safeguard Costs But Six Cents a Day The cost of insurance is six cents a day . As a means of hastening group insurance Teachers desiring further information re- activities, teachers having memberships for garding the policy are asked to communicate group insurance are asked to get them to the with Mrs. Blanche Preble, Pullman 0858, or office of the Chicago Teachers' Federation at with Miss Winifred Mathews, Austin 0256. once. The group insurance offers cheaper insur- Meetings to discuss the advantages of the ance, better coverage and no personal appli- insurance which offers protection for teachers' cation. At the next meeting of the Chicago salaries in case of sickness or incapacitation Teachers' Federation, May 12, group insurance have been called for May 8 and May 15 in will be one of the subjects discussed. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 175 April 30, 1928 • Emeritus Teachers ENRICI'S is famous no less Restored to H for the enduring and deep Schools friendships it has won than Judge Friend Enters Decree ; Salary for the quality of the foods Matter Reserved it serves and for the great A decree restoring 19 persons retired un- volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- der the Emeritus Service rule of the Board of day, before the matinee, it is the great al Education to their former positions in accord- ance with the ruling of the Appellate Court central meeting place . was entered April 30 by Judge Friend in Cir- cuit Court . The Appellate Court decision reversed a previous decision of Judge Friend. The question of back salary due the Emeri- HENRICI'S tus teachers and principals was reserved and WM . M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT will be argued at a future date. According to figures submitted at Monday's 67 W. Randolph St. E hearing, back pay due the Emeritus people amounts to $234,109.66 and with $12,298.91 in- Between Dearborn and Clark Streets terest, to $246,408.57 . Of the total teachers and principals trans- No orchestral din ferred to Emeritus Service, 19 are still on the list ; 93 have retired or have been retired under the Miller Act (53 voluntarily, 40 compul- sorily ) and eight have died. Those ordered return to their schools are James B. Armstrong, principal Englewood high school ; A. Esther Camfield, principal " Some Day " There are so many things you want to do Arnold school ; Luella Heinroth, principal "later on . " Morris school ; Herbert L. Merrill, principal But what have you saved in the last few Cameron school ; Edward L. C. Morse, prin- years ? J cipal Phil Sheridan school ; Mary O. Forbes, ‫دو‬ " Later on” never seems to come any teacher, Ogden school ; Samuel Leland, Mc- closer because it seems almost impossible Kinley high school ; Emma K. Blanks, Phil to save. Money just melts away. Sheridan ; Mary E. Danforth, Burke school ; A PERSONAL LIFE INCOME policy in Jessie Shadbolt, Cleveland ; Annabel M. Mc- the Union Central Life Insurance Com- Lain, Gary school ; Anna Spieler, Logan pany enables a woman later on to enjoy school ; Minnie K. Nicolai, Scanlan ; William the things she has always wanted. Only H. Shoemaker, Phillips high school ; A. O. a small deposit is required each year—and Coddington, principal Stockton, Jr. H. Sch. annual dividends help to reduce the cost. edi Solon S. Dodge, principal Chase school ; Cath- Nothing else gives you that feeling of erine McFarland, Von Humboldt school ; An- security-that thought of absolute inde- pendence later on in life. nie S. Newman, principal Mayfair school , and Elsie C. Watson, Brownell branch of Yale We will be glad to outline this contract in tio detail, without any obligation whatsoever. school . Communicate with DARBY A. DAY, Manager er The Union Central Life Insurance Co. CLASSIFIED 23rd Floor- 105 W. Adams St. Found-Small purse with change and door Chicago, Illinois key left in Chicago Teachers' Federation Of- Telephone STAte 5203 fice, Room 1331, 127 N. Dearborn St. 176 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN April 30, 1928 Now Is the Time With the approach of the end of the school year, will you go over your check stubs to see if you have paid your two dollars for this year's subscription to MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN ? YOU GET the Bulletin . YOU READ the Bulletin. HAVE YOU paid for it ? If not DO IT NOW Subscription Price $2.00. Make check payable to Coats Margaret Haley's Bulletin Of New Fashion Themes $45 $65 $95 Illustrated above is one of many new SUBSCRIPTION coats from a collection embracing to the newest style developments for MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN spring and summer. It is priced $95 . Name . ....... Travel Coats , Dresses, Address . Gowns, Suits, Millinery (Street and Number) MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite .....City Subscription price-$2.00 per year. Johnson &Harwood Ist and 3rd Floors Pittsfield Bldg. 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 37 North Wabash Ave. N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. Entrance Just South of Washington NO. VOL. MargaretHaley's V 10 BULLETIN Chicago, Ill . 28 May 16, 1928 To The Unknown Teacher SING the praise of the unknown teacher. Great gen- erals win campaigns, but it is the unknown soldier who wins the war. Famous educators plan new sys- tems of pedagogy, but it is the unknown teacher who de- livers and guides the young. He lives in obscurity and contends with hardship. For him no trumpets blare, no chariots wait, no golden decorations are decreed. He keeps the watch along the borders of darkness and makes the attack upon the trenches of ignorance and folly. Pa- tient in his daily duty, he strives to conquer the evil pow- ers which are the enemies of youth. He awakens sleeping spirits . He quickens the indolent, encourages the eager, and steadies the unstable. He communicates his own joy in learning and shares with boys and girls the best treas- ures of his mind. He lights many candles which, in later years, will shine back to cheer him. This is his reward. Knowledge may be gained from books, but the love of knowledge is transmitted only by personal contact. No one has deserved better of the republic than the unknown teacher. No one is more worthy to be enrolled in a demo- cratic aristocracy, "king of himself and servant of man- kind." Henry Van Dyke . The Illinois Teacher, April, 1928. 00 178 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 SantaFe Santa Fe Summer cursions to the cool scenicregions Far West We suggest- Grand Canyon, the Indian-detour, Colorado Rockies, Carlsbad Cavern, Mesa Verde, California, Yosemite and the Dude Ranches- If your time is limited, or your plans are vague, a Santa Fe representative is at your service to suggest or plan your vacation with greatest economy of time Coats Of New Fashion Themes and money. Ten Day All-Expense Personally Conducted $45 $65 $95 Tours- Through New Mexico Rockies Illustrated above is one of many new including Carlsbad Cavern and Indian-de- tour. Leave Chicago June 9-23, July 7-21, coats from a collection embracing August 4. the newest style developments for spring and summer. It is priced $95. Twenty Day All-Expense Escorted Tours— Colorado and California, including Royal Travel Coats, Dresses, Gorge,Yosemite, Grand Canyonand Indian- detour. Leave Chicago June 17, July 1-8- Gowns, Suits, Millinery 15-29, August 5-12. Phone,call or dropus postcard for picture folders and details J. R. Moriarty, Div. Pass. Agent, Santa Fe Ry. 179 West Jackson St., Chicago, Ill . Phone: Wabash 4600 Johnson & Harwood Ist and 3rd Floors INC PittsfieldBldg. OrTicket Offices-Dearborn Station, Congress Hotel, 37 North Wabash Ave. Palmer House, Great Northern Hotel, LaSalle Hotel, Sherman Hotel, Stevens Hotel, and Uptown Union Entrance Just South of Washington Ticket Office, Wilson Avenue and Broadway MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 10 May 16, 1928 Page 179 Teaching Teachers Teachers Become Pupils in National League College Under Auspices of National League of Teachers' Associations By Frances E. Harden First Vice President, Illinois State Teachers' Association The National League of Teachers' Asso- Washington . The class numbered sixty, fifty- ciations conducts each year a summer college nine class-room teachers and one principal. course. This course is unique in that it is a The members of this class were all intensely movable college, meeting each year in or near interested, so much so that it was hard to the city in which the National Education clear the room when the dismissal bell rang. Association holds its summer meeting. It is The college continued for a two-week also unique in this that while we have a con- period with three hours a day. At the close ductor or leader the college work itself is of the two weeks each member was expected carried on by the teachers who are the pupils to write one long paper and one short paper in the college. Another unique feature is that neither of which was difficult if the work of the subjects studied are those dealing with the class had been closely followed. Each the work of teacher organizations such as member of the class whose papers were ac- Teacher Rating, Teaching Load, Professional cepted was given two and a half university Ethics, Tenure, Group Insurance, Credit credits for the two weeks' work. Unions, Pensions, Salaries, Teacher Welfare, The League College will be held next July Sabbatical Leave, Taxation for School Pur- at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis poses, Voluntary Organizations and Exchange at the close of the N.E.A. of Teachers . I am quoting some comments made by mem- I attended this two weeks' college course bers of the class. The first is by Albert R. which follows immediately after the close of Lang, head of the Department of Education the N.E.A. and is open to all teachers whether State College, Fresno, California, who con- members of an organization or not. I re- ducted the class. The second by the one ceived two and a half university credits for it. principal member of the class, the others by class-room teacher members of the class . There is a class conductor, who, together Every teacher in this group was imbued with an with the president of the National League of earnest desire to study vital professional problems. This Teachers' Associations, arranges the daily pro- group gave me a new concept of devotion to professional grams. The sessions last three hours. The growth and of the possible attainments to which such first hour is given over to a lecturer upon the devotion can lead. Many of these classroom teachers topic of the day. This is followed by a two- had grown to be experts in many phases of the teaching hour discussion led by a chairman who is a profession. In becoming experts along some line, they member of the class but who has been notified had developed qualities of leadership and impressive personalities . beforehand that she is expected to lead the It was a wonderful example of the result of sincere and discussion for that day. intensive self -improvement in service. I wish that every Last summer the League College was held classroom teacher in our country could have been stimu- at the University of Washington at Seattle, (Continued of Page 190) 180 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 From the Masthead by The Lookout Equitable, uniform assessments provide : (a) A more equitable distribution of the tax burden ; (b) Sufficient revenue for all the needs of the schools, the City, and the County and for de- cent salaries for all employees in the schools, the City and the County. (c) A reduction of tax rates . To the Teachers of Chicago: Events of far reaching importance have Yesterday, May 15, at the Board of As- happened since April 30, the date of the last sessors' conference with attorneys, the attor- Bulletin, culminating yesterday in an all day ney for the Board of Assessors announced argument of attorneys pro and con (mostly that the publication of the 1927 assessment con) as to whether the Board of Assessors and was ordered stopped by the Board of Asses- Board of Review should or should not obey sors and the Board of Review, pending the the order of the State Tax Commission for a outcome of that conference of attorneys on re- assessment in 1928 of all real estate in the question of obeying the re-assessment or- der. Cook County. That Order, issued on May 7, is reproduced photographically in this Bulle- However, at the close of the conference, tin. while the attorneys came to no conclusion as to what they should do with the reassessment On May 1, the Board of Cook County Com- order the four members of the Board of As- missioners adopted the Jacobs' plan for the sessors present voted unanimously that the publication of the 1927 real estate assessment, work of publishing the 1927 assessment subject to the approval of the Board of As- should go on at once, that it should begin sessors and the Board of Review. That plan May 16. This action was taken after earn- is set forth in full in this issue. The State est solicitation by Mr. Fairweather, Chairman Tax Commission on January 25, ordered this of the Tax Committee appointed by Mr. Cer- publication to be completed by June 1. mak, president of the County Board. On May 8, the day after the Tax Commis- Yesterday's conference was held in the of- sion issued its order for reassessment, there fice of the Board of Assessors in the County was a meeting of the Finance Committee of Building. So much of the air as was not filled the County Board and the attorneys for the with the smoke of the snap-shooting photog- Board of Assessors and the Board of Review raphers was surcharged with almost visible appeared and announced that their Boards and audible electric currents. At times there approved the Jacobs' plan for the publication were four attorneys talking at once. of the 1927 quadrennial assessment. This conference was attended by more than The Finance Committee then voted to re- a dozen attorneys, and lasted from 11 A. M. to lease at once $75,000 of the $150,000 appropri- 5 P. M. with 30 minutes for lunch. Mr. I. T. ation for the work of publishing the 1927 as- Greenacre represented Mr. Wm. H. Malone, sessment, after giving consideration to the re- Chairman of the State Tax Commission, and assessment order of the State Tax Commis- Mr. Charles Center Case represented the Tax sion and deciding that that order should not Commission, of which Mr. Fairweather is interfere with the publishing of that assess- Chairman . ment. Mr. Greenacre and Mr. Case argued ably May 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 181 for the reassessment as ordered by the State and Mr. Carnahan, attorney for the Board of Tax Commission. Opposed to Mr. Greenacre Assessors, and Mr. Massena, attorney for the and Mr. Case were eight attorneys, one of Board of Review, should consult with the whom, Mr. Henry M. Ashton, announced that Chairman of the State Tax Commission, Mr. he appeared against the reassessment order Malone with a view to clarifying the meaning on behalf of the two High School teachers' or- of the Commission's reassessment order and ganizations, the Federation of Men Teachers report back to the two assessing Boards . and the Federation of Women High School Here is the vital question at issue between Teachers . Mr. Greenacre and the attorneys advising the Mr. Ashton, in arguing against the re- assessing boards : The assessors' advisers tell assessment, stated that its purpose was to them that before starting to reassess they equalize assessments and that if real estate should get a Supreme Court decision as to the assessments in Cook County were equalized constitutionality of the State law authoriz- the assessment of valuable business property, ing the State Tax Commission to order a re- especially the loop property, would have to be assessment. Mr. Greenacre advises them that lowered in order to bring it to the level of their oath of office requires them to assume other property. the constitutionality of the law and obey it, At the close of Mr. Ashton's remarks I that it is not for them to question its consti- asked permission to present a Supreme Court tutionality . decision to show that Mr. Ashton's statement The all important question in regard to was contrary to the showing made in that carrying on the order to reassess is what kind decision . I read into the record from the of a reassessment is to be made and how to Northeastern Reporter of May 1, 1928, the do it. There was $450,000 appropriated by Illinois Supreme Court decision rendered the County Board, the City Council and Board against the High School Teachers on April of Education, to be used by the Board of As- 10, 1928, in the case of James A. Meade vs. sessors for scientific uniform appraisals of the Board of Review ( Case No. 18491 ) . real estate under plans to be approved by The Supreme Court there sets forth that the County Board. the Board of Review had alleged and that thisThe assessors failed to present any plan allegation was admitted by Mr. Ashton that for the approval of the County Board and property in Chicago was assessed at 60 per that $450,000 was never available for their cent of its actual value. I also asked that the use. records show that the scientific appraisal of The assessors are foreclosed now from say- the real estate in the loop district made in ing with any justification that they did not 1926 for the Board of Education and the City have the money to make an equitable assess- Council showed that loop real estate was as- ment in 1927. The chairman of the Board of sessed at only 48 per cent of its appraised Assessors, Mr. John Conroy, in a signed state- value. ment, reproduced photographically on the I pointed out that Mr. Ashton should have next page, assured the people of Cook County known of the showing in this decision because that he would insist on such scientific ap- he was the attorney for the teachers who lost praisal as a basis for assessment. this case. This was one of two cases Mr. Ash- ton brought on behalf of the two High School Federations, one against the Board of Review and one against the State Tax Commission . In both cases Rule Eleven of the State Tax Commission for assessing capital stock of cor- Morgen . Haly porations was declared by Mr. Ashton to be MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN illegal, null and void . Judge Harry M. Fisher in the Circuit Court decided against Mr. Ash- MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher ton and the High School Teachers and in favor MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten of Rule Eleven of the State Tax Commission months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, and the Board of Review. The Supreme Court 15 Cents. sustained Judge Fisher. LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. Before the close of the conference it was ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of agreed that a committee consisting of Mr. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American Fairweather, Mr. Greenacre, Mr. Case, Mr. Bond and Mortgage Bldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Hayden Bell, attorney for the County Board, Phone Central 3904 182 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 County Board Moves Forward by Appraisal Resolution Step in Right Direction Taken October 25, 1926 in Following Resolution WHEREAS, under the methods of valuation and as- RESOLVED , by the Board of Commissioners of Cook sessment of property for taxation in vogue for years County that the president be, and he hereby is, in- the burden of taxation falls heaviest on the small home structed to secure estimates and proposals from recog- owner and small business man; tax rates are excessively nized companies experienced in municipal appraisal work high because millions of dollars in revenue-earning who are competent and qualified to perform such ap- property are not contributing their fair and equitable share of taxes while owners of property adequately as- praisal service and to take all necessary steps to secure sessed or over assessed are paying much more than such additional information as in his judgment may be their fair share of the public burden; needed; and that such estimates , proposals and infor- mation be submitted to this Board in time for this WHEREAS , more than a hundred cities in the United Board to instruct its finance committee to provide in States have had their real estate appraised for assess- the budget for 1927 a sufficient appropriation for the ment purposes on a scientific, equitable, and uniform payment of such bids for such appraisal service as may basis, with the result that the tax payers in these cities be lawfully accepted, and that such information be used have a feeling of confidence and satisfaction because and the necessary steps be then taken by this Board such appraisal has secured lower tax rates and greater to have all real estate, lands and buildings, in the County equity in the distribution of the tax burden; appraised on an equitable, uniform, scientific and lawful WHEREAS, under a joint investigation by the Board basis for the quadrennial assessment of 1927. of Education and the City Council of Chicago an ap- praisal of the entire central business district of Chicago RESOLVED FURTHER, that all taxing bodies of was made which revealed gross inequalities in the dis- Cook County be requested to join the County of Cook tribution of the tax burden; therefore, be it in meeting the expense of such appraisal service. October 25th , 1926 . TO THE CITIZENS AND TAXPAYERS OF COOK COUNTY : The Assessor's sole function in the machinery of government is to secure uniformity and equality in the dis- tribution of taxes among the individual taxpayers . In Cook County, like most other counties , the assessment of real estate has been made by the usual guess- work methods , which haphazard valuations have resulted in over-valuation of the small home owners ' property and under- valuation of enormou- ly large real estate holdings and other revenue earning properties . A radical departure from these old , mysterious and unequal appraisal methods is imperative because of steadily increasing tax rates which place an increasingly heavy burden on the small tax payer and small business man. The remedy lies in a scientific appraisal , such as was made this year for the City Council and Board of Education of the Chicago Central Business District , so that the uniform , systematic and unprejudiced methods of valuation under expert direction , which have proved their worth in over 100 American cities can be applied to Cook County and provide a basis for a fair and equitable distribution of the tax burden . We feel that such an appraisal will strengthen public confidence in the whole assessment procedure and we commit ourselves to carry the program outlined in the resolution adopted by the Board of Commissioners of Cook County for such a scientific appraisal- A Democratic Candidate for Board of Assessors (Signatures of two other candidates omitted. ) May 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 183 When "IT " He's Superintendent ; When " HIT " He's Teacher Minneapolis Teachers' League Books McAndrew Leaving Chicago with an albatross around address, as heralded by the League, is “Who i1 his neck, William McAndrew, erstwhile super- Hit the Teacher ? " intendent of the Chicago schools, has been And now comes Lynn Thompson, a far- picked up by the Minneapolis Teachers' seeing member of the Board of Education of League, which announces his coming May 15 Minneapolis , with evidence to dissuade any of to give a lecture to the teachers of Minne- the Minneapolis pedagogs who might be led apolis . into believing McAndrew a “much abused edu- As some inducement, perhaps, for hearing cational god." him, the League adds that it is fortunate in Following is the announcement from the obtaining his services, "because of his splen- Minneapolis League sent to the teachers of did fight to secure salary increases for the Minneapolis and also the letter from Mr. teachers of Chicago." Thompson, following close on its heels, sent The intriguing subject he has chosen for his to the teachers of Minneapolis : April 25, 1928. May 10, 1928. Dear Teacher : The teachers of Minneapolis are being urged to come The League so far this year has not made any out- out May 15 to hear William McAndrew, former superin- standing contribution to the professional progress of the tendent of schools in Chicago, speak on " Who Hit the teachers of Minneapolis, but we are going to rectify this Teachers ? " The Chicago teachers know who hit the the 15th day of May. At that time we are bringing Dr. teachers . They know it was McAndrew. 1 William McAndrew, the former Superintendent of Schools McAndrew was responsible for the removal from the of Chicago, to Minneapolis . Because of his splendid service of 120 Chicago principals and teachers without fight to secure salary increases for the teachers of Chi- notice, charges or trial, and at a loss of more than $234, - cago and his equally splendid fight to defeat the political 000 in salary. corruption which apparently was eminent in the Chicago After more than two years' litigation ending on Feb- school system under the reign of Big Bill Thompson, we ruary 14, 1928, in a sweeping decision in favor of the are more than fortunate in securing the services of Dr. principals and teachers, and a decree that these teachers McAndrew to address the teachers and citizens of Min- were removed illegally and in violation of the Chicago neapolis. Teachers' tenure law, and after a petition to the Board Dr. McAndrew is in the greatest demand from all signed by nearly 9,000 principals and teachers to abide parts of the United States , and we have secured him at by that decision of the Courts, the Board of Education the only possible open date that he has. He was one of on May 2nd obeyed the order of the Court, and Monday the outstanding speakers at the Boston Convention, and this week, May 7th, the principals and teachers went back his splendidly constructed speech was one of the high to their former positions. spots of the convention and caused as much, if not more, The late William P. Owen, president of the Chicago comment than the speech of President Lowell. Normal College, and former president of the National Dr. McAndrew will address us on the topic " Who Hit Education Association, well known to the teachers of the Teacher ?" We do not see how any teacher or any Minneapolis and of the United States as an educator, in person interested in the public school's professional prog- a remarkable statement made shortly before his death, ress or in a helpful and inspiring message to teachers shows in how many ways McAndrew, as superintendent can possibly afford to miss hearing Dr. McAndrew. This of Chicago schools, hit the Chicago principals and teach- lecture will be at the First Baptist Church, 1024 Harmon ers and the Chicago school children in his efforts "to Place, at an admission fee of 50c. All seats will be re- make a factory out of the Chicago school system." served. You will be approached by your Building Rep- The evidence submitted by district superintendents , resentative for your reservations . Please pay the Rep- principals and teachers against McAndrew's educational resentative for your seats , and tickets will be mailed to policies covers over 500 pages, but time and space will the Representatives on receipt of the money. We are not permit any more than this brief resume of the Mc- counting on your professional and loyal interest to be Andrew administration. I have briefly reviewed the evi- there to hear Dr. McAndrew. We have placed the admis- dence against McAndrew as submitted, saw the petition sion price far below any that is ever charged for a lec- to restore the principals and teachers, and am writing ture of this type in order that no teacher in Minneapolis with the hope that you will not be led to believe in Mc- can say that they cannot afford to go . We feel that no Andrew as a much abused Educational god. teacher can afford not to hear Dr. McAndrew. Yours truly, Sincerely yours , (Signed) LYNN THOMPSON. (Signed) MINNEAPOLIS TEACHERS LEAGUE . ( Continued on page 189 ) 184 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 Work Started on Publication of Tax List Boards Agree to Jacobs' Plan of Publication by Street Numbers A document which is destined to become his- previously voted an appropriation of $150,000, torical is printed on the opposite page. It is ordered the release of the first $75,000 at a a photographic copy of the order for reassess- meeting April 30 . ment of all real estate in Cook County for the On Tuesday morning, May 11, the Finance year 1928, issued Monday, May 7, by the Illi- Committee of the County Board met again and nois State Tax Commission . received word from Charles C. Carnahan, rep- As a result of a hearing Monday morning resenting the Board of Assessors, that that before the Tax Commission, the order was Board was ready to proceed according to the issued. It is in keeping with a prophecy made Jacobs' plan for publication of the tax lists by William H. Malone, chairman of the Tax by name and street number, instead of by Commission, at a meeting of teachers called legal description. by the Chicago Teachers' Federation April 3. The plan outlined by J. L. Jacobs , efficiency engineer, called for an expenditure of $ 150,- At that time he said that if the evidence war- 000 for publication by name and street num- ranted it, he would order a reassessment. ber, as against the $450,000 estimate submitted Several months ago (October 5, 1927) the by the Board of Assessors and Board of Re- Chicago Teachers' Federation appealed to the view for publication by legal description. Tax Commissio n, asking it to order the With the consent of the County Board, the publication of tax lists, the outlining of rules Board of Assessors, through Mr. Carnahan, of procedure for the Board of Assessors and notified the County Board that work would be Board of Review, and for an equalization of begun at once on the publication. assessments of Cook County real estate. Following is the report of the Committee Mr. Malone signed an order for the publi- on Finance on the publication of real estate cation of lists January 25, 1928. The Finance assessment list approved by the County Board Committee of the County Board, which had May 1, 1928, and also the Jacobs plan : REPORT OF COMMITTEE THE JACOBS ' PLAN May 1, 1928. Your Committee has considered the communication To the Honorable from the Board of Assessors of March 29th and also the Board of Cook County Commissioners, communication of the Joint Commission on Real Estate Board of Assessors, and Valuation of April 20, 1928, and after conference on same Board of Review. has also considered the attached report of J. L. Jacobs SUBJECT : Publication of Real Estate Assessments in and Company on the "Publication of Real Estate Assess- Cook County. ments in Cook County," said communications are at- Gentlemen : tached to this report marked Exhibit "A" and made a In accordance with the request of your Board and part thereof. representatives of the Board of Assessors and Board of Your Committee recommends that this report of J. L. Review, we are submitting herewith outline summary on the suggested plan and procedure and our estimate for Jacobs and Company be submitted immediately to the the preparation, publication and mailing of the 1927 real Board of Assessors and Board of Review and, upon estate assessments in Cook County as made by the approval of the general plan and procedure outlined Board of Assessors and reviewed by the Board of Re- therein by these Boards, recommends that in order to view, for which publication , mailing, etc., your Hon- permit the immediate preparation, publication and mail- orable Board has made specific appropriation of $150,000 ing of the assessments of real estate in Cook County, the in the 1928 budget. appropriation for this purpose as included in the 1928 From analysis of data on real estate assessments and appropriation bill be made available to said Board of methods of publication in this County and in other sec- tions of the country, two alternative plans of publication Assessors and Board of Review; provided, however, that suggest themselves . any payment from such appropriation for necessary pay- Experience in other cities shows that the most intel- rolls, the purchase of supplies and materials and rental ligible and economic plan of publication consists of show- of mechanical equipment required therefor shall be sub- ing the real estate assessments on land value maps. As ject to approval by the Committee and Finance and the publication of land value maps has been held not to be Board of County Commissioners as required by law. (Continued on page 186 ) 1 May 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 185 Order for Reassessment Issued by Tax Commission (Photographic Reproduction) STATE OF ILLINOIS) COUNTY OF COOK ) 88 . BEFORE THE STATE TAX COMMISSION OF ILLINOIS . IN THE MATTER OF A RE- ASSESSMENT OF ALL REAL PROPERTY WITHIN COOK COUNTY FOR THE YEAR 1928 . ORDER THIS MATTER coming on for disposition by the State Tax Commission of Illinois upon its own motion and inquiry , wherein the Commission finds that gross inequalties exist in the 1927 quadrennial assessments on real property within the County of Cook , State of Illinois , as between individual assessments of real property within said county , and as between the assessments on real property within the several taxing districts within said county , and as between different classes of real property within said county , and that because of such inequalties a re-assessment of all real property within the County of Cook , State of Illinois , for the year 1928 is both desirable and necessary; IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED and decreed by this Commission that the local assessment officers within and for the County of Cook , State of Illinois , proceed forthwith to re -assess all real property within said County of Cook , State of Illinois , for the year 1928 , and that when such re - assessment is made that it be substituted for the original quadrennial assessment of real property for 1927 . Dated at Chicago , Illinois , this 7th day of May , A.D. 1928 . Mt. Malone Chairman . This is to certify that the foregoing order is a full , true , and complete copy of an order entered on the 7th day of May , 1928 , in the matter of the re -assessment of all real property within the County of Cook , State of Illinois , for the year 1928 , as same appears from the files and records of the State Tax Commission of Illinois . IN WITNESS WHEREOF , we , the undersigned , a majority of the members of said State Tax Commission , have hereunto set our hands and seals this 7th day of May , 1928 . The Maloug 186 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 WORK STARTED ON TAX LIST sessors' field books (includes salaries of (Continued from page 184) tabulating operators , equipment, etc.) ..... 2,150.00 in full compliance with the requirements of the pres- (4) With the use of available addressograph ent law, this plan has been discarded for the present. machines , print the names of owners or The second plan of publication involves the publication taxpayers and legal descriptions, and with of the real estate assessments of 1927 as made by the the use of typewriters enter the dimensions Board of Assessors for each parcel of property with any and assessments for tabulating the remain- changes made by the Board of Review. The parcels ing one fourth of parcels not subdivided assessed would be arranged within the precincts accord- (includes salaries of operators, typewrit- ing to blocks of street frontage as included in the as- ers and cost of paper) .... 4,320.00 sessment roll and would be identified by giving the street (5) Preparing and printing under the plano- or house number, the lot dimensions or area, the assess- graph process of from 300 to 500 copies ment made by the Board of Assessors for land and for (average 400 copies ) of each page of the improvements, the changes, if any, made by the Board above final tabulations (includes cost of of Review and, wherever convenient, the names of the $5.00 per page for 400 copies) : owners or taxpayers . (a) Three-fourths of parcels described by This general plan of publication has heretofore been street number 30,000.00 approved by the Attorney General, the Chicago Teachers (b) One-fourth of parcels described by Federation, the Joint Commission on Real Estate Valua- legal description 30,000.00 tion and the State Tax Commission. (c) Additional assessment lists by districts , It is estimated that of the one million separate parcels towns, etc. 12,000,00 of land assessed, approximately three -fourths or four- (6) Addressographing cards with names and ad- fifths can be published in this manner, and the remaining dresses of owners or taxpayers ; sorting out parcels would contain the above information but could duplicate cards; punching and tabulating be better identified with the legal description rather than address cards by wards and precincts ; by street or house number. stuffing and mailing assessment lists to tax- The suggested procedure for the publication of the real payers by precincts (includes salaries of op- estate assessment has been developed on the requir- erators , cost of window envelopes, stuffing ments that it be in compliance with the spirit and intent envelopes and mailing) .. 16,400.00 of the statutory requirements, that the information as to assessments be intelligible to the taxpayers for whom Estimated Total .. $ 140,815.00 the publication is made, that the plan utilize any mate- It will be noted that the total estimated cost of pre- rial available in the county and city offices and also util- paring, publishing and distributing the assessment lists ize the mechanical devices maintained in the County can be quickly and economically carried on within the building and such other labor- saving devices as may be budget appropriation of $ 150,000. used economically in this connection, and that such pub- With the available data on real estate assessments , lication be prepared and distributed in the earliest period etc., now on file and with the use of mechanical devices at reasonable cost to the County and taxpayers . above noted, we estimate that the work can be started To make possible the publication of the above informa- immediately and the complete publication and distribu- tion in the most intelligible, immediate and economical tion made within a period of three months. manner, we have prepared the following procedure, which Following the approval by the Board of Assessors and takes into account the use of available material now on Board of Review of the above procedure and with as- file in the county and city offices , the use of mechanical surance of their complete cooperation, we recommend devices now maintained by the County and other labor- that the work be carried on under the supervision of saving devices which are available for such work. the Board of Assessors and Board of Review and that The major steps and the estimated cost for each step are included in the following : the appropriation for this purpose included in the 1928 appropriation bill be made available to said Board of (1 ) Entering from the records available in the county, city and other official records, either Assessors and Board of Review; provided, however, that by longhand or special stamps provided any payment from such appropriation for necessary pay- therefor, into the Board of Assessors' field rolls , the purchase of supplies and materials and rental books information not shown but which will of mechanical equipment required therefor shall be sub- be required, such as ward and precinct num- ject to the approval by the Committee on Finance and bers, missing street or house numbers and the Board of County Commissioners, as required by law. lot dimensions (includes extra salaries of We assure you of our desire to assist in having this employes engaged by the Board of Assess- work completed at the earliest possible time and at ... $ 32,760.00 minimum cost. ors at regular rates ) Respectfully submitted, (2) With the use of mechanical punching, sort- J. L. JACOBS & COMPANY. ing, and tabulating equipment, the punch- (Signed) J. L. Jacobs , ing, sorting, and tabulation of the informa- tion indicated above for approximately three- fourths of the parcels above referred TO CALL SPECIAL TAX MEETING to (includes salaries of tabulating machine At a meeting of the Chicago Teachers' operators , rental of equipment, cost of Federation , Saturday, May 10, it was voted cards, etc. ) 13,185.00 (3) Checking and correcting punched cards by unanimously, to call a special meeting of the making initial tabulation on tabulating ma- Federation and invite representatives of bodies chines, such tabulation of parcels being in responsible for the assessment of property in the order as included in the Board of As- Cook County to be present. May 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 187 High School Teachers' Tax Suit Fails Mr. Meade , Men's Federation and Women H. S. Teachers Lose Suit in Supreme Court Announcement that the case brought by the Teachers' Federation pointed out at that time Federation of Women High School Teachers that there was not a point of similarity. The and the Federation of Men Teachers against case was not conducted in the same way, the the Board of Review and the Illinois State corporations were not the same type of cor- Tax Commission had been lost in the Supreme poration . Court was made as the April 30 Bulletin went Mr. Meade maintained that there is a rule to press. (Northeastern Reporter, May 1, for valuing franchises and capital stock 1928.) which Mr. Meade's attorneys set up was an The case against the Tax Commission was illegal rule. It was Rule No. 11 of the Illi- brought by these teachers at a time when nois State Tax Commission. The suit against the Chicago Teachers' Federation was ap- the State Tax Commission was brought on pealing to the Tax Commission to order a re- account of that rule. Mr. Meade set up that assessment looking toward a more equitable the Board of Review followed Rule 11 and assessment of real estate in Cook County. therefore the whole assessment made under Almost simultaneously with the failure of this rule was wrong because the rule was the suit of the Federation of Men Teachers wrong . and Federation of Women High School Teachers against the Tax Commission and the The Supreme Court held that the rule is not wrong. It held the rule to be valid and Board of Review comes the word of the order sustained it and also sustained the assess- of reassessment from the Tax Commission . ments that were made by the Board of Review (The order is published elsewhere in this Bulletin.) under that rule. These teachers, therefore, The decision in the high school teachers' lost everything that they had been contend- case ( entitled People ex rel Meade vs. Board ing for for the last two years . of Review of Cook County et al No. 18491 ) When the Chicago Teachers' Federation is of special interest to teachers. The Su- was starting out in 1926 to get the assessment preme Court of Illinois rendered its decision straightened out and to keep a tax rate in- against Mr. Meade and others February 24, crease from being placed on the ballot, the 1928. On April 10, 1928, the Supreme Court Federation of Women High School Teachers and the Federation of Men Teachers started denied Mr. Meade a rehearing . Henry M. Ashton, Edward M. Winston and out with their counter program which they Edwin Hamilton of Chicago were Mr. Meade's said was patterned after the Chicago Teach- attorneys . Roy Massena was the attorney for ers' Federation program of 30 years ago . the Board of Review in the case and Judge While these other two Federations were Harry M. Fisher in the Circuit Court rendered toying with their capital stock suit which the first decision against Mr. Meade. The they have lost, the Chicago Teachers' Feder- case was then taken to the Supreme Court ation was throwing light into the rat hole which sustained Judge Fisher. Judge Dunn showing a variance in assessments from 3 to of the Supreme Court of Illinois rendered the 157 per cent on real estate valuations . decision and the rest of the judges on the Eighty-five per cent of all the property on Supreme Court concurred with Judge Dunn. which taxes are collected and paid is upon At a meeting of the Chicago Division of the real estate. The property that the other two Illinois State Teachers' association last fall, Federations were interested in was personal Mr. Meade stated publicly that his case was property which represents only 15 per cent of similar to the one that Miss Goggin and the the total property on which taxes are paid. Chicago Teachers' Federation brought many Mr. Meade and his cohorts , accordingly, were years ago against the capital stock of cor- tinkering with the least important part of the porations. property at a time when the most important Miss Margaret Haley of the Chicago part was going to be assessed for four years . 188 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 Emeritus Teachers Back at School Cheers Hail Return of Absentees A great wrong was righted Monday, May 7, of women at Englewood High School ; Miss when 19 persons, who, figuratively speaking, Jane C. McGinnis, a former teacher ; Miss had been sacrificed to make a McAndrew Margaret Haley of the Chicago Teachers' holiday, were restored to their schools in ac- Federation ; Alderman James Coyle, 17th cordance with the Appellate Court decision in Ward and Dr. R. A. White, People's Liberal the Emeritus Service case. Church ; Ray Blunt, Englewood Kiwanis Where they had departed with tears, they Club; Helen Davies, Barney Jacobson, stu- returned with cheers as pupils and teachers dents; Harold Laufman, violinist, and Harold united to bid them welcome after the valiant Richardson, tenor. fight they had made for teachers' tenure. Following luncheon at the school, a field Their return was more than a personal vic- meet was held, with Mr. Armstrong as a guest tory for beloved teachers and principals. It of honor. was a victory of a great principle. It wit- At the meeting of the Board of Education, nessed the courts' protection of teachers who May 9, 1928, the following principals were ordered transferred from Emeritus Service have tenure of position, according to state law, and who were mercilessly sacrified to satisfy to their former positions : James E. Arm- a whim or obligation of a superintendent. strong, Englewood High ; A. Esther Camfield, The dull and drab circumstances of their Arnold ; Herbert L. Merrill, Cameron ; Ed- going were completely submerged in their col- ward L. C. Morse, Phil Sheridan ; A. O. orful return . Coddington, Stockton Jr. High ; Solon S. One of the most vivid demonstrations was Dodge, Chase ; Annie S. Newman, Mayfair. that of Englewood High School, where James These seven teachers returned to their E. Armstrong came into his own. He returned former schools : Samuel Leland, McKinley to the school he had served for 34 long years High ; Jessie Shadbolt, Cleveland ; Wm. H. and to the affections of his pupils and teach- Shoemaker, Phillips High ; Catherine McFar- ers who had kept this memory green and land, Von Humboldt ; Minnie K. Nicolai, helped him fight the good fight in the two Scanlan; Elsie C. Watson, Yale (Brownell years since his departure. Br .) ; Emma K. Blanks, returned to Phil Participating in the love feast which wit- Sheridan for one week and then retired under nessed his homecoming were his teachers, his the Voluntary Retirement Law. pupils and his friends from various walks of Other principals were transferred and life, who spoke at an assembly at 11 o'clock in elected as follows : David M. Davidson, from the morning . Englewood High to Medill High ; Nellie C. To say that the students "spoke" expresses Hudd, from Stockton Jr. H. to Onahan ; it mildly. They cheered, they yelled, they Beatrice C. Hyman, from Arnold to Stone ; whooped, they stormed the rafters with their Henry H. Hagen, from Cameron to Hamline ; hails ; they sang, they whistled, they sur- John J. McCarthy, from Phil Sheridan to rounded their much beloved mentor, they J. A. Sexton ; Visa McLaughlin, from J. А. showered him with flowers and involved him Sexton to Boone ; Eston V. Tubbs, from Chase in a snake dance. They played ring around to Budlong ; Adolph J. Bartky, from Rogers the rosy around him and escorted him to the to Pasteur ; Alma S. Fick, elected to Rogers ; rostrum with a frenzy of joy. Sarah H. Hennen, from Oakland to Sherman ; Representing the various elements interested Kathryn W. Lovell, elected to Oakland ; directly or indirectly in the successful fight Daniel Hannon, elected to Haines ; Bernice C. for the restoration of the Emeritus teachers Eddy, from Sherwood to Tonti ; Paul I. Pier- were speakers from the student body, the fac- son, elected to Sherwood. ulty, the ex-teachers of Englewood, the Emer- Retired on Emeritus Service : Special itus group, the Engleboosters, the Chicago Teachers, 2 ; High School Principals, 7 ; Teachers' Federation, the City Council, and Junior High School Principals, 1 ; Elementary the Englewood Kiwanis Club. Principals , 26 ; Teacher in Normal College, 1 ; Among the speakers, in addition to Mr. Teachers in High School, 8 ; Assistants to the Armstrong , were Chester C. Dodge of the Principal, 12 ; Teachers in Elementary Emeritus group, Miss Josephine Allin, dean (Continued on page 192) May 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 189 WHEN " IT" HE'S SUP'T (Continued from page 183) And then the aftermath. Following some The only road operating separate direct lines and through service to both Denver and Colorado disturbance in Minneapolis, the letter printed Springs-a great advantagein time and convenience to Colorado tourists. below was sent out : 1 Dear Teacher: Because of the number of inquiries which have been coming in concerning Dr. McAndrew's lecture, it has Rock occurred to us that our time and the teacher's time could be saved if the following letter were sent out. Island If the committee felt there was any wide-spread oppo- sition to Dr. McAndrew's speaking in Minneapolis, the lecture would be cancelled at once because nobody in the committee has the slightest desire to affront the teachers of Minneapolis or have a condition of anything except the utmost harmony prevailing. It has seemed BESTVACATION well because of some people's making various criticisms LEAST EXPENSE about Dr. McAndrew to send out this letter with a little more definite information about the lecture and perhaps to tell you what Dr. McAndrew WILL NOT talk about. Two Weeks in He is not going to discuss his troubles with Big Bill Thompson in Chicago nor wash the dirty linen of Chi- cago in the waters of Minnehaha. He is not going to Colorado Rockies talk about salary increases in Chicago. His theme will Combination Rail-Auto Tours be along these general lines. Are the teachers of Amer- ica hampered or prevented from rendering the services which they could render in the public schools by the The Best intricate machinery of modern education or by repressive influences, political, social, or otherwise ? No thought of Everything Everywhere was ever entertained by the committee of asking Dr. McAndrew to tell us about Chicago because we did not At Suprisingly Low Cost feel that teachers were interested enough to pay to go Most attractive vacation offer ever to hear anyone talk about the city south of us. E made- a comprehensive tour- rest- From every testimony we can get Dr. McAndrew is ful- reasonable-keen mountain air creating a tremendous interest on the part of teachers to invigorate-magnificent scenery 1 in the practical, simple everyday problems that the teach- to inspire. Covers thoroughly the 1 ers are facing at this time. He ranks as an outstanding Pikes Peak Region, Rocky Mountain man in education in the United States regardless of any National Park, Fall River Road 1 record he may have had which might make some people Country across the Continental think adversely of him. He is speaking all the time Divide and all the most popular re- from one end of the coast to the other and we took him sorts of the Colorado Springs and on the only vacant night which he had. The President Denver Regions. of the League has been called by people from the Uni- versity and from civic organizations and letters have An opportunity to buy a vacation come to him expressing interest and a desire to hear Dr. complete in every particular-train S McAndrew whatever he might talk about. If you really service, hotels , meals , auto . No hurry - no worry- no care - every want to hear a great man talk whether you agree with him or not, you cannot afford to miss Dr. McAndrew's detail planned for you-every wish anticipated. lecture. Ticket orders are already coming into the ‫ا‬ League office. The Committee appeals to your sense of fair play in Only $4305 RoundTrip giving Dr. McAndrew a chance to talk to us on Tuesday from Chicago on and after June 1st 1 BE evening, May 15, at 8:00 P. M. Please remember that we have made a price of 50c so that every teacher in the system can feel that they ‫ش‬ are able to come. Sincerely yours, ROCK ISLAND C. R. Richardson, Chairman of Lecture Committee. For illustrated booklets and detailed information, Mail this coupon L. H. McCormick, Asst. Gen. Pass'r Agt., Cautious Youth Rock Island Lines, 179 West Jackson Blvd. , Chicago, Ill., Phone Wabash 4600 Boy : " Can you write your name with your Please send me free booklets descriptive ofColo- rado and various All- Expense Tours of the Rockies. eyes shut ?" Name Pa : " Sure." Address....... Boy : "Well, shut your eyes and sign this (595) report card." 190 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 TEACHING TEACHERS (Continued from page 179) lated by this group of teachers who are not only improv- ing themselves but are influencing the entire teaching pro- CRACK TRAINS fession. It has been a revelation to me to learn from this actual 5 to contact with them, that the classroom teachers are mak- ing such valuable contributions to education along lines in which, until comparatively recently, they took little Minneapolis interest. The time has come to give them recognition for the great part they are taking in the solution of ad- and St. Paul ministrative problems. They have started a new Re- naissance in education. Their contributions are broader North Coast Limited than the classroom, and in some instances broader than The Comet the profession, and affect social and economic problems Burlington Black Hawk Commercial Limited of society at large. They are compelling adjustments far- reaching in their nature and forcing a new point of view Route Oriental Limited upon administrators and supervisors. Their outstanding contribution is the spirit of co- operation, the recognition On your trip to Minneapolis for the Convention of the inter- dependence existing between the departments ofthe of education and the general public. National Educational Association Without any qualifications, the present League College learn what the Burlington river-level route means in terms of smooth riding comfort. Charm- session is one of the most interesting, helpful and in- structive university courses it has ever been my pleasure ing river scenery by day. Restful sleep at night. to attend. Beautifully equipped trains operating on fast schedules at even, regulated speed. It has been the contact with the classroom teacher who is really doing things; the first hand knowledge gained Information-Tickets-Reservations of real situations that has been inspiring and practically BURLINGTON TRAVEL BUREAU 179 West Jackson St. , Phone Wabash 4600 helpful. Reports from people who have done the work S. J. Owens , General Agent themselves, seem a little more real than any others. Chicago, Ill. They cease to be so many cold facts and become some- thing much alive. Altogether, I believe that I have gained more knowl- edge of teaching, its problems, and the means of solving these problems, in this class than in any other education How would you like class. Its aims are practical and I only wish that all teachers could know of the organizations, join them, and Your Felt Hats help in the work they are doing. Reblocked I wish that a course in this subject could be put in into up-to-date styles ? Bobbed hair or con- every teacher training school in the country and that it servative styles. Small or extremely large could be taught by such enthusiastic classroom leaders as headsizes . We have them. We are manu- have been with us this summer. facturers of the finest hats and our Reblock- ing Department has access to the best It gives an unusual opportunity to get the best thought shapes. A trial will convince you of our and experience of the leaders in classroom work in widely efficient service . separated parts of the country. Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. I've been converted to a belief in teacher organizations , 12 North Michigan Ave. 8th Floor Ward Bldg. a state which might otherwise have required many years of teaching to reach. TELEPHONE NEVADA 0217 Discussions have given to each member of the College, the advantage of the experience and the ideas of all. Dagobert , Fleming & Shewbrook FLORISTS EXPERT DESIGNERS OF FLORAL ART A community has been established, even though its 3211 W. Madison Street members may be scattered through many states. NEAR KEDZIE Telegraph Delivery CHICAGO Height of Politeness "Did you get home all right last night, sir ?" said the conductor. ARE YOU GOING ABROAD ? "Of course-why not?" asked the passenger. If you are planning a trip to Europe or if "Well, when you got up to give your seat to you know teachers who are, will you please that lady you were the only two people in the send your names and addresses to the Bulle- car ! "-Stray Stories. tin office. Room 1331. 127 N. Dearborn St. 1 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 191 May 16, 1928 Vacation Elementary Schools to Be Opened BOOKNOW 4 Vacation Elementary Schools will be opened this year for ten weeks, five days a week from 8:00 A. M. to 12:00 M. Pupils who have failed, also those who have not failed are to be admitted. The teacher who teaches ten weeks in the vacation school may TheGreatest Two-Week take an equal amount of time as vacation dur- VacationTrip EverOffered ing the succeeding school year. Down East Thru the Switzerland ofAmerica Following is the authority for the vacation If you are fed up on the "usual" tourofferings, elementary schools : here's a twoweek's vacation trip that will thrill you-it has that romantic"something" we call No. 20707—AUTHORITY TO CONDUCT VACATION adventure, it has scenic beauty, real natural scenery, points of historical interest and many other things ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS that no other vacation suggestion has to offer. TO THE BOARD OF EDUCATION , CHICAGO : First Tour Everyminutewill interesting then July one. You'll enjoy RECOMMENDED that the Superintendent be granted June17th1st, 15th, thepicturesque andweeklythereafter IrishHills,thetrip authority to conduct vacation elementary schools in the - across romantic Canada, and your visit to that never-to-be-for- following buildings, for a period of ten weeks, beginning gottenwonder, Niagara Falls. You'll love the Thousand Islands, the forested ranges ofAdir- June 25, 1928, and ending August 31, 1928, five days each ondacks, beautiful Lake Placid and you'll be thrilled with your visit to Ausable Chasm and your trip across week, from 8:00 A. M. to 12:00 M. and to assign the Lake Champlain. Your journey thru the Green and White Mountains, over the Mohawk Trail, thru the necessary teachers and principals: Agassiz, Alcott, Berkshires ,along theHudsonRiver on the StormKing Highway, over the Poconos, thru the DelawareWater Cleveland, Doolittle, Fiske, Fulton, Lawson, Lloyd, Mar- GapandWatkins Glen,willprovide scenes you'llnever forget and things to talkabout, for rest of your life. quette, Nobel, Phil Sheridan, Riis, Van Vlissingen, Von Then there's aday in Boston-two fulldays Humboldt. and three glorious nights in New York-with a heavenly night and an enchanted day at Alexandria Bay, and the grand climax-a trip across LakeErie. RECOMMENDED also, that there be admitted to Allof these scenic thrills are packed into thegreat- est vacation trip ever offered, the result of five years' these schools, pupils from the fifth to the eighth grades ofsuccessful operation and experience. inclusive who have failed of promotion, and those who An illustratedfolder will be mailed you upon receipt ofyour request to have not failed. This follows the policy established in HOGLE - SPEARS TOURS 1927. 112W. Randolph, Phone Randolph 3709 RECOMMENDED also, that teachers who teach the attheHOTEL SHERMAN, the StartingPoint forthe ten weeks in these schools shall, at their option, be per- mitted to take an equal amount of time as vacation dur- GREYHOUND MOTOR TRANSIT MANAGEMENT COMPANY ing the succeeding regular school year, and that no ames teacher having taught two successive summer terms in addition to the two regular school years shall be eligible for a re-assignment to summer work until after the lapse of one full year. FINANCES : Provided for in the 1928 budget. Wm. J. Bogan, Asst. Supt. of Schools. Delicious Cooking Prepared by G. Hogge, Asst. Supt. of Schools. Chicago, May 9, 1928. Charming Surroundings Moderate Prices CLASSIFIED Servicefrom 8A.M. to 12 Ρ.Μ. IDEAL SUMMER VACATION-300 MILES NORTH Luncheon .$0.60 Woman desires three teachers for 10 weeks . Dinner 1.00 .. Sunday Dinner 1.25 ......... Home privileges. Rates $4.00 single room ; $3.50 with room-mate. Mrs. Belle Henchey, 108 Walnut St., Manistee, Mich. JULIA KING'S Tea Room For rent July and August : 6-room fur- 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET nished house opposite park, Waukegan. Adults only. Rent reasonable. Tel . Wau- kegan 1349J. W. Pearce, 16 South Park Ave., Waukegan . } Thos. E. McElroy Co. STEVENS BLDG. For Rent-Summer-Home, most beautif. FINE FURS locat. Paw-Paw Lake Shore, 5 rms. & Veranda, fireprf. modern conven. well furn. nr. towns. Remodeling-Storage-Repairing We Call for Storage deliveries. Private bathing beach. $250 seas. STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5550 Adr. F. R. Bartsch, 330 W. 69th St., Chicago. 192 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 EMERITUS TEACHERS BACK ( Continued from Page 188) Schools, 62 ; Examiner, 1 ; Previously Re- ENRICI'S is famous no less signed, 3 ; Resigned, 1 ; Total, 124. H for the enduring and deep The proceedings of the Board of Educa- friendships it has won than tion show that 124 persons were retired on Emeritus Service but the first list included for the quality of the foods the names of three persons who had previ- it serves and for the great ously resigned from the service. One of volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- those transferred to Emeritus Service Febru- day, before the matinee, it is the great ary 1, 1926, immediately resigned. She abso- lutely refused to have anything to do with central meeting place. the Emeritus Service. Of the others, 41 were retired under the Compulsory Retirement Law (The " Miller Law" ) ; 64 retired under the Voluntary Retirement Law (the Amendment to the Miller Law) ; one died ; and fourteen HENRICI'S returned to their positions . WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT Transferred to Emeritus Service : Names withdrawn, 3 ; Resigned, 13; Retired under " Compulsory" Law, 41 ; Retired under 67 W. Randolph St. "Voluntary" Law, 64 ; Deceased, 1 ; Returned Between Dearborn and Clark Streets to Service, 14; Placed on Emeritus Service, 120 . U N D Eight others died after retirement under H O the Compulsory or the Voluntary Law. No orchestral din GGRoE Y / there'smore to see that'snew this way Teachers and travel are almost synony- mous ! And now with vacation already here or fast approaching, thousands of travel-loving teachers will seek new points of interest via luxurious Greyhound motor coaches. EAST - WEST NORTH - SOUTH Greyhound transportation is national in scope. From city to city and coast to coast, under the direction of dependable drivers, Greyhound coaches travel the main scenic high- ways on regular schedules. Good connections are possible in all directions. Economy Fare Everywhere Phone DOUGLAS 5100 information for all or write Executive Offices, 514 E. 34th Place, Chicago New York . $21.00 Philadelphia Los Angeles . Minneapolis Dells of Wisconsin . Eau Claire, Wis.. Ludington, Mich... 18.50 52.75 12.25 6.25 12.25 7.75 GREYHOUND MOTOR TRANSIT MANAGEMENT COMPANY Corresponding rates elsewhere . To save more money buy round trip tickets-good for 60 days . Limes May 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 193 EFFICIENCY IN FOREIGN Wedding Gifts and TRAVEL PLANS Graduation Presents Whether this is your first or one of many trips abroad, you will enjoy travel- ing independently or accompanied by We cordially invite you to come and congenial friends . 100 % travel invest- see our much enlarged and most at- ment requires careful routing ; proper tractive store, particularly now when our stock offers rare inducements to apportionment of time in all places ; every those in search of appropriate wedding item requisite to thorough enjoyment of gifts, attractive souvenirs for brides- your trip secured in advance ; all dates and maids and ushers, and presents suit- able for graduation. If you would routing your personal selection, assisted by choose gifts for their conventional ele- travel advisers ; definite knowledge total gance, their correctness and beauty, costs . International coupons used for all you will find them here at an unusually services ; complete arrangements for Eng- low price, with the added value of ex- clusiveness and exquisite workman- lish- speaking gentlemen to meet you at ship. debarkation port and escort you to and from all hotels, railway stations , and ac- Our added space enables us to carry now all the novel and charming things company you sightseeing, makes foreign to be had in jewelry, silverware, languages unnecessary. Elastic arrange- watches, costume jewelry, card prizes, ments ; no waste of valuable holiday bags, and monogram and wedding sta- time ; no worry or disappointments ; no tionery. crowding, as with conducted parties . Write for details of “ EFFICIENCY IN FOREIGN TRAVEL PLANS ." HARRY J. BABY CO. FISHER & SPAULDING , INC. 29 East Madison Street, Chicago World Wide Travel Service Telephones : Randolph 0218 and 0219 180 North Michigan Chicago - - - ELIZABETH N. EICHORN 72 East Madison Street, Chicago Telephone State 7463 GOSSARD CORSETS – LINGERIE "Some Day " GIFTS There are so many things you want to do "later on." 10 % Discount to Teachers But what have you saved in the last few years ? " Later on" never seems to come any 56 Years In The Fur Business!! I KNOW FUR closer because it seems almost impossible Buy from one who KNOWS values, to save. Money just melts away. and will give you an honest deal F. RANKE FUR CO. A PERSONAL LIFE INCOME policy in the Union Central Life Insurance Com- Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 pany enables a woman later on to enjoy the things she has always wanted. Only a small deposit is required each year-and Phones Central 2551-2552 Res. Park Ridge 7094 annual dividends help to reduce the cost . GEORGE W. JOHNSON Nothing else gives you that feeling of SHORTHAND REPORTER security-that thought of absolute inde- 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago pendence later on in life. SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS We will be glad to outline this contract in Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers Federation detail, without any obligation whatsoever. Communicate with IT PAYS TO LOOK YOUR BEST DARBY A. DAY, Manager We Specialize in Hair Dyeing and The Union Central Life Insurance Co. Permanent Waving 23rd Floor-105 W. Adams St. HOEFER BEAUTY PARLOR ESTABLISHED 1905 Chicago, Illinois SUITE 213-215, McJUNKIN BLDG. Telephone STAte 5203 Phones : Edgewater 4674-4675-Broadway at Wilson 194 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 New Way to See GO TO Grand Canyon PARIS LENINGRAD MOSCOW With Your Own Guide and Interpreter An expert official of the Travel Depart- ments of the Amalgamated Banks of Chi- cago and New York will conduct a tour to Russia with a stop- over in Paris. The famous steamer "PARIS" will take our first group of tourists on June 22nd. Other sailings will follow. Only Return trip, including first Only class hotel accommodation, $410 meals, trips-alltheatres, sightseeing $410 for $410.00. Visas and other details arranged by us at no additional cost. from AMALGAMATED TRUST Grand Canyon Lodge & SAVINGS BANK via C. & N. W.- Union Pacific CHICAGO'S ONLY LABOR BANK On the very brink of the high North Rim, at Bright 111 West Jackson Boulevard Angel Point, stands the beautiful new Grand Canyon CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Lodge, providing a surpassing view of this most sub- lime sight from its spacious verandas and observation tower. Now the same panorama from the edge of Kaibab Forest that caused Theodore Roosevelt to exclaim " be- yond comparison ! beyond description! unparalleled throughout the wide world!" can be seen in perfect TEACHERS PREFER THE rustic luxury. EXCLUSIVENESS OF THE The Grand Canyon of Arizona is only one of the mar- vels of a C. & N. W.-Union Pacific tour through South- ern Utah-Arizona, which include four other matchless scenic wonderlands . Zion National Park Cedar Breaks Kaibab Forest Bryce Canyon Garfield Arms Hotel 3260 MAYPOLE AVENUE Tremendous colored canyons, colossal buttes, mam- moth amphitheatres of fanciful sculpture and arch- Van Buren 4510 itecture, virgin forests, wild animals, ancient ruins, miles of scenic trails . Delightful summer climate. ATTRACTIVELY FURNISHED plete tour ,after leaving your Pullman You'llmeetinteresting people from all partsoftheworld. NORTHWE EVERY ROOM A HOME IC AC O Only five days are needed for the com- CH D AN at Cedar City, the gateway. Shorter tours to individual regions . Smooth L IN E riding motor buses . Attractive lodges. Low Summer Fares via the Cool UNION OV ER PACIFIC L THEAND Summer Route to All the West California,Yellowstone, Pacific North- Alcazar Hotel PO west and Alaska, Colorado, Zion and 3000 Washington Blvd. Van Buren 7500 UT E Grand Canyon National Parks, Bryce Canyon, Salt Lake City. Nine fine IDEAL TRANSPORTATION trains from Chicago . Fill in Coupon and Mail Today ----- Address C. & N. W.-U. P. Line EXCELLENT CAFE SERVICE IN BOTH 148 So. Clark St. , HOTELS 6 So. La Salle St. , Dept. 223 or Dept. 223 Chicago, III. Chicago, Ill. Please send me complete information and booklet. SPECIAL RATES FOR TEACHERS Zion-Grand Canyon National Parks Yellowstone Pacific Northwest and Alaska California Dude Ranches Colorado Catering Especially to Weddings, Luncheons Escorted All-Expense Tours Hawaii and Banquets Name.... City....... Street.... State... HOWARD W. WILLIAMS, Manager May 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 195 50 26-8 Jolly times en route Summer coasting on Rainier, high above Alpine meadows Escorted all-expense tours- Cloaked in green and white, mighty Rainier rules a Pacific Northwest Hundreds of teachers have mapped out a marvelous Summer trip. First, the N. E. A. convention in Minneapolis. Then, on to Rainier National Park and all the enchanted Pacific Northwest. The cost is remarkably low, either way you go-individually or with Escorted All-Expense Tour Parties. Many prefer this eco- nomical, carefree way. No worry; no bother-travel experts care for every detail en route. You pay one lump sum, covering all expenses-hotels, meals, sightseeing, transportation . To andfrom Interesting folks to travel with; jolly companionship. And never Minneapolis , the preferred route is an end to the things to see and do. Winter sports one day, on The Rainier's glacial slopes ; a dip in the warm Pacific Ocean the next; Milwaukee Road trails that beckon on rugged Olympic Peninsula; cruises on Puget Sound to Vancouver, Victoria-to Alaska, too. Let us tell you about the great summerland; about Seattle and Tacoma, vacation capitals; about the famous trains of The Mil- waukee Road that take you there. Tours also to Yellowstone, through the thrilling new Gallatin Gateway. Mail coupon for free books The MILWAUKEE ROAD ELECTRIFIED OVER THE ROCKIES TO THE SEA 222-10 Mr. B. J. Schilling , General Agent 50 South Clark Street , Chicago , Ill . Please send me literature and information on CHICAGO Pacific Northwest Yellowstone Rainier National Park ☐ Alaska MILWAUKEE Name. ☐ Escorted All-Expense Tours AND PAST.PA CIF UL IC Address . 196 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 16, 1928 O RTHER For You The World's Wonder N Trip! YELLOWSTON EPARK Yellowstone and the Pacific Northwest TOUR vacation begins when you board the YOUR Northern Pacific train. A care-free holiday spirit in the air! You'll appreciate the comfort of your surroundings - the pleasant company - the glory of scenery that unrolls like a living book of knowledge! The shining rails you travel follow the historic trail of Lewis Mail this coupon to and Clark-past 28 mountain ranges and 1406 miles of rivers! M. E. Harlan, 73 E. Jackson Blvd. , Chicago, Ill. The playgrounds you reach via the Northern Pacific are never MY VACATION TRIP to be forgotten! Yellowstone-wonderland of all the world-a Booksor trips I am Round Trip Summer wilderness of scenic miracles! The Pacific Northwest of endless Interestedin ( √) Farefrom Chicago Yellowstone Park $59.35 variety and beauty - where you can bathe in the ocean and slide Rocky Mountains (Helena-Butte) 61.95 down the snows of matchless Mt. Rainier the same day. The Inland Empire (Spokane) 85.05 Pacific Northwest ) Seattle Portland 90.30 glorious Puget Sound Country-dreamy, old-world Victoria. Rainier Park Tacoma 90.30 Alaska(Skagway) 180.30 Dude Ranch Vacations $57.95 to 66,90 We want to tell you more about the glorious possibilities your Burlington Escorted Tours vacation offers. We'd like to send you pictures, booklets and (all expense) $142.04 to 403-11 Canadian Northwest 90.30 complete information about the country that interests you . Won't you mail the coupon and let us help you plan your trip? Name Address Northern Pacific Railway We'll gladly make your hotel and Pullman reservations. 757 Route of "The North Coast Limited" 136 NO . VOL. MargaretHaley's V 11 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . May 31 , 1928 How Not To Do It It was pointed out by Charles Dickens in " Little Dorrit," which remains the most accurate and penetrating study of the gen- teel littleness of our class governments in the English language, that whenever an abuse becomes oppressive enough to per- suade our party parliamentarians that something MUST be done, they immedi- ately set to work to face the situation and discover How Not To Do It. -Bernard Shaw in the Preface to "The Shewing Up of Blanco Posnet." L 198 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 31, 1928 "Some Day " There are so many things you want to do "later on ." But what have you saved in the last few SantaFe Santa Fe years ? Summer "Later on" never seems to come any closer because it seems almost impossible to save. Money just melts away. A PERSONAL LIFE INCOME policy in cursions the Union Central Life Insurance Com- pany enables a woman later on to enjoy the things she has always wanted. Only a small deposit is required each year-and annual dividends help to reduce the cost. to the cool Nothing else gives you that feeling of security-that thought of absolute inde- scenicregions pendence later on in life. We will be glad to outline this contract in Far West detail, without any obligation whatsoever. Communicate with We suggest- DARBY A. DAY, Manager Grand Canyon, The Union Central Life Insurance Co. 23rd Floor-105 W. Adams St. the Indian-detour, Chicago, Illinois Colorado Rockies, Telephone STAte 5203 Carlsbad Cavern, Mesa Verde, California, Yosemite and the For a Different Vacation Dude Ranches- Come to If your time is limited, or your plans are vague, a Waunita Hot Springs, Santa Fe representative is at your service to suggest Gunnison Co., Colorado &&& or plan your vacation with greatest economy of time Enjoy and profit by the radium waters and money. of Colorado . Find happiness and health after the hard school year in swimming, Ten Day All-Expense Personally Conducted golf, horseback riding, fishing, tennis, Tours - Through New Mexico Rockies— dancing, pool, billiards, music and ar- including Carlsbad Cavern and Indian-de- ranged lectures, all for nominal cost . tour. Leave Chicago June 9-23, July 7-21 , In the heart of the mountains, Waunita August 4. Hot Springs is rustic, insuring you a summer close to nature. It is recom- Twenty Day All-Expense Escorted Tours— Colorado and California, including Royal mended by the large number of teachers who have visited it. Gorge,Yosemite, Grand Canyon and Indian- detour. Leave Chicago June 17, July 1-8- 15-29, August 5-12 . HOTEL AND COTTAGES Phone, call or drop us postcard for picture folders and details Rates $3.00 and Up Per Day J. R. Moriarty, Div. Pass. Agent, Santa Fe Ry. American Plan 179 West Jackson St. , Chicago, Ill. Phone: Wabash 4600 CHARLES GILBERT DAVIS, Physician Or Ticket Offices-Dearborn Station, Congress Hotel, Palmer House, Great Northern Hotel, LaSalle Hotel, 58 E. Washington St. Sherman Hotel, Stevens Hotel, and Uptown Union Ticket Office, Wilson Avenue and Broadway MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 11 May 31 , 1928 Page 199 Teacher Hit Himself Says McAndrew And Now Comes Former Superintendent to Answer Riddle The teacher hit himself, according to Wil- of the Bulletin. Mr. Thompson cited evidence liam McAndrew, who addressed Minneapolis he had seen in Chicago, proving, in his opin- teachers May 15 at the invitation of the Min- ion, that McAndrew was not "a much abused educational god." Pamphlets expressing Mr. neapolis Teachers' League. His subject was Thompson's sentiments were distributed at "Who Hit the Teacher ?" His coming was an- the meeting, although a policeman was called ticipated by literature sent out by C. R. Rich- to stop their distribution. ardson, chairman of the Lecture Committee of the League and by Lynn Thompson, member Following are extracts from a letter writ- of the Minneapolis Board of Education. Let- ten by a Minneapolis teacher following Mr. ters from both were printed in the last issue McAndrew's appearance in Minneapolis : ΜΙΝΝΕΑPOLIS DIVISION we went in. I picked up two which had been thrown MINNESOTA EDUCATION ASSOCIATION on the steps by some conservative. When I got seated Μ. Ε . Α . Here in 1927 everybody in my vicinity was reading one and there wasn't one single copy in any seat when I came out, Ν. Ε. Α. Invited for 1928 so evidently they took them home for closer perusal. Dear (Name omitted by Bulletin) : * * * One of our teachers came along just as McAn- Tuesday, 10 p. m., drew entered and saw him take one. A friend who got May 15, 1925. there early said that Mr. Richardson was laboring with the man outside to get him to leave but that he said I have just returned from hearing McAndrew and his nothing and continued to pass out literature. One of lecture was certainly the mildest professional discourse the teachers made the remark that McAndrew's sermon on the teacher's under estimation of his profession that one could imagine. What under the shining sun he was so far fetched as compared with his text and that as he was over a half hour late in beginning, she thought chose such a sensational subject for, causing such an that he changed his lecture after he got the pamphlet. uproar among the teaching corps here before he ap- Anyway, scores of teachers came away much disappointed peared, is beyond my fondest stretch of imagination. He for they certainly thought his line of talk was to be began by reciting the incident of a certain schoolmaster very different. Many teachers refused to go and some years ago in a down east village being hit in the eye by a advertised their reserved seat tickets for sale. There rotten tomato and trying to find out from his pupils who did it. No one knew and the village lawyer who was a full house downstairs but the gallery wasn't very was a Sherlock Holmes couldn't fathom it. Years after well occupied. it was finally concluded that the teacher did it himself for excitement and to attract public notice. And so in Of course you probably know that the Baptists, evi- dently unwilling to get drawn into any unpleasant con- that village and the country round about, to this very troversy, invited the League to secure other quarters, so day when anything surprising or sudden or uncanny oc- Mr. Richardson secured the West High School audi- curs, the old stock phrase, "Who hit the teacher ?" is torium. The League representative in our building said asked. Then he humorously depicted the old time recita- tion when the teacher asked and answered his own ques- it was because they could get it for nothing but they tions if he couldn't extract the answer from his class had to placard the change of the meeting place all over *** the city so that didn't reduce expenses. and so "covered his subject" anyway. Sincerely, The man was there passing out the pamphlets when From the Masthead by The Lookout No potentate of modern or ancient times ever had such arbitrary power over the lives and property of the people as that conferred by statute on the Board of Review of Cook County. -Judge Murray F. Tuley in 1900. To the Teachers of Chicago: On May 29 a cyclone cellar for the Board psychological moment : Witness the impos- of Assessors and Board of Review was opened ing array of legal lights that assured the in the form of an opinion from Attorney Gen- assessors on May 15 that the State Tax eral Carlstrom finding the order for reassess- Commission could not order a reassessment of ment of Cook County real estate, issued by real estate in 1928 until the Board of Review the Illinois State Tax Commission on May 7, had finished its work of assessing all property 1928, "premature and of no force and effect. " in Cook county for the year 1928 . The attorney general's opinion follows the The Board of Review did not finish its as- line of argument used by attorneys for the sessment for 1927 until March 6, 1928. The Board of Assessors and Board of Review and tax bills should have been out the first of Jan- some other attorneys called in by the Board uary. They were not out until the middle of of Assessors and Board of Review May 15 to April and some of them were not out even on advise these Boards as to whether they the first of May. There were people who went should obey the order to reassess. Their con- down to the County building on the 30th of tention was essentially that which is set forth April in an effort to get their tax bills. Under in the attorney general's opinion. those conditions, what chance is there for a The opinion is a safe shelter for the tax- reassessment between the sixth of March and ing officials from the pending storm fol- the paying of taxes ? How could the Attorney lowing the Tax Commission's order. The General's opinion possibly apply to the Chi- opinion was bound to be used as an excuse for cago situation when he says that Chicago the Board of Assessors ' refusal to obey the or- must sit down and wait until the Board of der of the Tax Commission to proceed at once Review finishes in any year, when the Board to reassess the real estate of Cook County. of Review never finishes. In brief, the attor- The Board of Assessors and Board of Re- ney general says the law does not apply to view in effect say to the public that, no Chicago. It may apply to counties down state, matter what effort is made, how long a period but not to Cook county. As a matter of fact, it covers, nor how many people are interested, the law was written for the relief of all the the Board of Assessors and Board of Review people of the state. do not have to do anything ; that they know When the Legislature passed the statute in they can depend upon getting an attorney 1919 giving to the State Tax Commission general's opinion or some other monkey power to order a reassessment in any year, it wrench to throw into the works at the did not mean in any year for the places down May 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 201 state where there was time to order a reassess- Assessors every four years with the dexterity ment after the Board of Review had finished ; with which the face of a woman of fashion is it did not mean that we could not have it in lifted and with results almost as ludicrous . It Chicago . is promptly thrown down again by the Board of Review. In this game of battledore and The assessors say there will be no money shuttlecock, what becomes of the educational for the reassessment, and blame the County fund? And what of the helpless taxpayers ? Board for the admittedly bad job of assessing which they did in 1927. They say that the The assessors cannot plead lack of funds, County Board did not adequately finance the as I have pointed out, for the bad job they did Board of Assessors to enable them to do a in 1927 nor for failure to do it over again in good job of the 1927 quadrennial. The 1928. They cannot be permitted to construe a County Board anticipated this objection in statute intended to give relief to the taxpayers 1927 and made an appropriation of $ 250,000 of the entire state as not applying to Chicago . on February 28, 1927, to be used by the As- The Legislature is in session and has power to sessors under conditions that would have as- overcome the opinion of the Attorney General sured an equitable assessment. The Board of by a simple amendment to the statute that Assessors never complied with the conditions would state specifically not only that the State laid down in the appropriation that would have Tax Commission "shall have power to order a assured the people of Cook County such an reassessment in any year," but that such re- assessment would be made. assessment may be ordered at any time during the year either before or after the assessment The County Board put into that appropria- has been completed. tion of February 28, 1927, the condition that the Board of Assessors should show the In order to understand this it must be re- County Board a plan that would indicate that membered that a quadrennial assessment of the Assessors had a scientific plan of proce- real estate stands for four years with only such dure leading to an equitable assessment. The deductions from or additions to assessments Board of Education on March 23, 1927, appro- of individual properties as the law permits the priated $100,000 and the City Council appro- Board of Review to make under specific con- priated $ 100,000 making a total of $ 450,000 ditions . available for ascertaining scientifically the But the basic quadrennial assessment made actual values in making the 1927 quadrennial on lands and buildings stands for four years. assessment of real estate . That means that 90 per cent, possibly 95 per This opinion of the Attorney General seri- cent, of the 1927 quadrennial assessment ously hinders the procedure of the order for would remain until 1931 as fixed in 1927 unless reassessment. It is not a law, but one man's the order of the Tax Commission to reassess opinion. It is an attorney general's interpre- all the lands and buildings is obeyed. tation of a law on which there has been no I am sure the Governor and the Legislature supreme court interpretation. Under the pro- will not deny that relief if the emergency is 1 tection of that opinion the assessors appear to made clear to them. It seems to be up to the be preparing to refuse to obey the order of the teachers now to do the lion's share of that Tax Commission . work too . 3 That will leave all the inequities and iniqui- While the Attorney General and assessors ties of the 1927 quadrennial assessment to immediately set to work to discover "how not plague the taxpayers for three years more ; to do it, " the teachers should immediately set that is until 1931 . to work to face the situation and discover how The table printed on page 202 of this Bulletin to do it, that is how to get the facts to the shows the kind of assessment we will have in members of the Legislature and to urge them Chicago for three more years if the attorney to enact the needed legislation if the Governor general's opinion prevails, because the attor- calls a special session of the Legislature for ney general in effect says that in his opinion this purpose as requested. there is no power in the Board of Assessors to do what the order of the State Tax Commis- sion directed the assessors to do . The whole 1927 quadrennial assessment as this table shows has become a joke . The quad- rennial assessment is lifted up by the Board of Morjena. Haly 202 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 31, 1928 Why Tax Payers Are in Revolt Comparative Valuations Independent appraisal in 12 important business districts outside the Central Business District and relation to 1926 Board of Review full value assessment, 1927 Board of Assessors full value as- sessment and 1927 Board of Review final full value assessment; as tabulated below : LAND 1926 Bd . Per Cent 1927 Bd . of Per Cent 1927 Bd. Per Cent No. of Independent of Review of Assessors' of ofReview of Prop- Appraisal Full Appraised Full Appraised Full Appraised District erties 1927 Assessment Value Assessment Value Assessment Value Near North Side ......... 15 $ 6,945,853 $ 2,134,515 .31 $ 3,060,464 .44 $ 3,060,464 .44 Lincoln Park 17 5,131,810 814,350 .15 2,585,203 .50 2,585,203 .50 Uptown Chicago 14 5,693,723 1,994,422 .35 2,480,333 .43 2,480,333 .43 North Shore 11 1,211,619 316,169 .26 367,374 .30 367,374 .30 ... Kedzie and Lawrence . 19 2,464,626 399,871 .16 729,144 .29 729,144 .29 Kedzie and Madison ...... 12 1,674,660 526,118 .31 616,820 .36 616,820 .36 63rd and South Halsted ... 23 8,872,668 1,270,871 .14 1,342,318 .15 1,342,318 .15 63rd and Cottage Grove .. 30 6,927,056 1,063,783 .15 1,372,442 .19 1,372,442 .19 Hyde Park 16 3,762,637 591,092 .15 780,207 .20 780,207 .20 Central Manufacturing .... 5 383,034 145,956 .38 192,645 .50 192,645 .50 Western Ave. Mfg........ 5 538,558 138,840 .25 99,822 .18 99,822 .18 Crawford Ave. Mfg....... 9 1,086,272 91,627 .08 123,507 .11 123,507 .11 Total 176 $44,692,516 $9,487,614 .21 $13,750,279 .30 $13,750,279 .30 BUILDINGS No. of Prop- 1926 Bd . Per Cent 1927 Bd. of Per Cent 1927 Bd . Per Cent District erties Appraisal of Review Assessors of Review Near North Side ... 15 $12,123,957 $ 3,785,500 .31 $ 7,287,725 .60 $ 3,624,500 .29 Lincoln Park 17 6,414,785 1,818,526 .28 3,539,150 .53 1,782,500 .27 Uptown Chicago 14 2,256,444 645,900 .29 702,150 .31 571,350 .25 North Shore 11 2,642,321 489,000 .19 877,000 .33 444,000 .16 Kedzie and Lawrence ..... 19 1,159,813 308,351 .27 381,754 .33 268,450 .23 Kedzie and Madison ...... 12 1,537,371 575,125 .37 545,425 .35 489,425 .31 63rd and So. Halsted ... 23 1,686,336 960,580 .57 704,200 .42 550,000 .32 63rd and Cottage Grove .. 30 3,851,417 1,403,400 .36 1,857,450 .48 1,446,000 .37 Hyde Park 16 4,445,832 1,080,915 .24 1,485,750 .33 1,185,750 .26 Central Manufacturing .... 5 627,221 292,800 .47 363,000 .58 312,000 .49 Western Ave. Mfg..... 5 1,236,613 314,500 .25 544,010 .44 544,010 .44 Crawford Ave. Mfg....... 9 2,043,950 804,000 .39 823,350 .40 792,850 .38 Total 176 $40,026,060 $12,478,597 .31 $19,110,964 .47 $12,010,835 .30 LAND AND BUILDINGS COMBINED No. of Prop- 1926 Bd . Per Cent 1927 Bd . of Per Cent 1927 Bd. Per Cent District erties Appraisal of Review Assessors of Review Near North Side ... 15 $19,069,810 $ 5,920,015 .31 $10,348,189 .54 $ 6,684,964 .36 Lincoln Park 17 11,546,595 2,632,876 .23 6,124,353 .52 4,367,703 .38 Uptown Chicago 14 7,950,167 2,640,322 .33 3,182,483 .40 3,051,683 .38 North Shore ... 11 3,853,940 805,169 .21 1,244,374 .32 811,374 .21 Kedzie and Lawrence .. 19 3,624,439 708,223 .19 1,110,898 .30 997,594 27 Kedzie and Madison ...... 12 3,212,036 1,102,243 .34 1,162,245 .36 1,106,245 .31 63rd and So. Halsted ..... 23 10,559,004 2,231,451 .21 2,046,518 .20 1,892,318 .18 63rd and Cottage Grove .. 30 10,778,473 2,467,183 .23 3,229,892 .30 2,818,442 .26 Hyde Park 16 8,208,469 1,583,807 .19 2,265,957 .27 1,965,957 .24 Central Manufacturing .... 5 1,010,255 438,756 .44 555,645 .55 504,645 .50 Western Ave. Mfg..... 5 1,775,171 453,340 .25 643,832 .36 643,832 .36 Crawford Ave. Mfg....... 9 3,130,222 895,627 .29 946,857 .30 916,357 .29 - Total 176 $84,718,581 $21,878,012 .26 $32,861,243 .37 $25,761,114 .30 1 May 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 203 High Taxes and Low Revenue Follow Unequal Taxation Miss Haley Appears Before Illinois Legislative Revenue Commission Evidence gathered at the direction of the suffered from secrecy owing to the failure to Chicago Teachers' Federation, including an publish real estate tax lists. appraisal of properties in Chicago, was pre- The Commission invited Miss Haley to co- sented to the Illinois Legislative Revenue operate with it further and to aid it in dis- Commission, at its request, Thursday, May covering "What is wrong" with the taxing 24, when the commisssion held a meeting at situation in Chicago and in applying the rem- 2 o'clock in the city council chamber. edy. Miss Haley, invited to appear before the Preceding Miss Haley's talk, George O. commission, told it of the work the Federa- Fairweather, chairman of the Joint Com- tion had done toward an equitable assessment mission on Real Estate Valuation, was intro- and of the progress the assessment program duced and asked to have evidence presented has made. by his associates on the joint commission, Members of the commission are Senator among them Dr. Herbert D. Simpson of the John Dailey, Peoria, Chairman ; Robert Institute for Research in Land Economics and Scholes , Peoria ; Senator Richard J. Barr, Public Utilities of Northwestern University. Joliet ; Representative Thomas O'Grady, Al- By means of charts, Dr. Simpson presented derman Oscar Nelson, Chicago ; John C. Wat- to the Commission a survey of the facts of son, Illinois Agricultural Association, and sec- assessment as they are in Cook County, de- retary of the Revenue Commission ; Walter termined by his studies of the last three or W. Parks, DuQuoin, representing the banking four years. The charts constituted the re- interests, and Robert E. L. Brooks, represent- sults of an analysis of 6,500 real estate trans- ing the real estate interests . fers that took place in Chicago in the last Miss Haley called attention to the facts re- quadrennial, and demonstrated graphically vealed by the Chicago Teachers' Federation the inequality in assessment. appraisals and by the report of the Joint Following are extracts from the steno- Commission on real estate valuations. She graphic report of the meeting. (The sub-head- also emphasized the fact that the county has ings are inserted by the Bulletin. ) : * * * MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman. ever an abuse became oppressive enough to persuade THE CHAIRMAN (Senator Dailey) : All right, Miss our tardy parliamentarians that something must be done Haley. Miss Haley, we would be very much pleased to they immediately set to work to face the situation and have your co- operation and that of your group in our discover how not to do it. ( Laughter.) work, which will probably occupy several months. These THE CHAIRMAN : I thought you were going to meetings are going to be open meetings . We want to hear quote Disraeli who said political parties were organized from all persons who are interested, who are in position hypocricies. Notwithstanding that, Miss Haley, we still to give information to us. The greatest of latitude will want your cooperation . (Laughter. ) be given for that purpose. But we have conferred, the commission conferred last week and it was the unani- MISS HALEY: Now, Mr. Chairman, there is noth- mous desire of the commission to have you appear today ing personal about that. and to have you confer with us from time to time and THE CHAIRMAN : We understand that is purely give us such advice and information as you may. impersonal. MISS HALEY: Now, Mr. Chairman, I would like MISS HALEY : What I want to say, Mr. Chairman , to make my position clearly understood. is we think now we have arrived at the place where THE CHAIRMAN: Yes. You are just at perfect lib- everyone recognizes that something must be done. erty to present the matter in your own way, Miss Haley. THE CHAIRMAN : I agree with you on that. MISS HALEY : Thank you. MISS HALEY : And Mr. Simpson's figures, it seems In the first place I would like to quote from Bernard to me, show that that condition has been arrived at so Shaw. Bernard Shaw was in a position where the that we need not discuss that. I think it is not necessary words that I shall quote have peculiar significance. He even for me to supplement what Mr. Simpson has pre- had appeared before a select committee of parliament, sented with facts of the kind that we have gathered, of the British parliament, composed of members of the though I will be glad to put before the Commission evi- House of Lords and the House of Commons. And in dence of inequalities based on appraisals, comparisons writing up the report of that he quoted from Dickens. of assessments with appraisals, and so forth.. I wanted He said it was pointed out by Charles Dickens that when- to call your attention first- 204 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 31, 1928 THE CHAIRMAN : We would be very much pleased in this county since the present organization of our to have them, Miss Haley. Board of Assessors and Board of Review, although the MISS HALEY : Yes, I know you would. law has required that the assessment shall be printed every quadrennial year, at least a quadrennial assess- Now, Mr. Chairman, I just stated that because I ment, every four years. But we have had it printed only want you to know that we have passed through the once. That was away back in 1899. I hesitate to con- period when we had first to convince the people that fess that I appeared before the Board of Review and something was wrong. before the County Board to try to get that assessment * * * printed, and we got it. Miss Goggin and I appeared. TEACHERS ' FINANCE APPRAISAL We very nearly had to dynamite the Board and the Now, we have and when I say "We," I mean the Chi- County Board and all of them to get that at that time. cago Teachers' Federation, and we paid for this from our It was such a hard task, we tried it once more and then own contributions from teachers, we caused to have ap- quit. We never got it again. praised some more sections of property and we had them Now we have an order issued by the State Tax Com- appraised by the same appraisal company that ap- mission directing the Board of Assessors and Board of praised the loop and that appraised these twelve sec- Review to publish this 1927 quadrennial assessment. tions. Our appraisals show the same range of varia- Twice since that order was issued we thought we had tion, only higher than what the (Dr. Simpson's) chart it complied with. We think perhaps they are doing it shows, in every place that that appraisal was made. Of now. I don't know. I know that it was agreed to, the course, Dr. Simpson says there "100 per cent and above" the Board of Assessors agreed before the County Board and you do not show how much above. Now, we have on the 8th of May that the publishing of that list should found by our appraisal, and this is true of the loop, too, proceed. Then I understand it was temporarily stopped, and this is true also of the 12 sections that were appraised, and again a few days ago when there was a meeting we have found there is property assessed at as high in the Board of Assessors of the attorneys in regard as 127 per cent. I do not mean assessed; I mean the to the order of the State Tax Commission to reassess full value fixed by the Board of Assessors and the Board all the property in the county, at that time it was of Review is as high as 127 per cent of the actual ap- temporarily stopped. At least it was stopped then. On praised value, and that applies to homes. that day notice was again given by the Board of Re- We have streets shown in our appraisal where at one view and the Board of Assessors that they should re- end of the street is a home assessed at the full value sume the publication. I assume that they are doing it. I don't know. fixed by the assessors is 57 per cent of the actual ap- * praised value. In the middle of the block is another home whose full value fixed by the assessors is 3 per MISS HALEY : All this material has been presented cent of the appraised and we have them six per cent to the State Tax Commission. They have all that ma- and other percentages and we have homes side by side terial before them in their records. They had all that that were built at the same time, built by the same peo- material before them when they ordered this reassess- ple, built exactly alike, so that if you picked one up ment. There was material of sufficient quantity and and moved it in the night, the man that owned it would not know that it had been taken away if the other one quality to convince the State Tax Commission that the was put in its place you will find they range in value inequalities were such in this 1927 quadrennial assessment from 3 per cent to 100 per cent. that there should be a reassessment. That is the sort of thing that our appraisals show here. Now, we are interested in that reassessment. We are We have the chart of those things and we have the full interested in seeing it proceed. And if the Commission report of the appraisals. In every way they confirm would give us any help in producing that result, it cer- what Dr. Simpson has shown you as to variation. tainly will cause the future generation to rise up and And it makes no difference whether you take the bless you. But that is the thing we are most interested north side or any other side. We have the record if just now, and I want to tell you why. you would like to have it here. I will furnish the Com- There are so many reasons . mission with the chart that we have of these things. I will furnish you with all that information as to the con- I represent a group of people that will probably be dition that is revealed first by the assessment by the called upon to go down in their own pockets and make Board of Assessors in 1927 and then by the changes up for delinquencies of these tax boards, unless these made by the Board of Review. delinquencies are corrected. We have not enough money We feel that the question of establishing beyond a in the educational fund, and now we admit that, to run peradventure of doubt the inequalities, whether it is as the schools of Chicago and pay the teachers their to classes of property, or property within any class, has salaries , on their present schedules, and pay the num- been settled. You may take homes; you may take office ber of teachers that we have now without adding a buildings and compare the homes with the office build- teacher to the force, and to keep the schools running ings. You may take 26 of these office buildings, as you beyond the month of December. And before six months have here, office and bank buildings, and you will find pass you will hear another hue and cry raised that we 53 per cent. You take 1,300 homes and you will find probably haven't enough to pay the salaries in January. something like 33 per cent, I think, no, 27 per cent. We have heard it before. For the last three years we * * have heard that, for two years ago, in this chamber, SUFFER FROM SECRECY it was announced by the Mayor that there was going In this county we have suffered from secrecy. We to be a deficit in January, 1927. Well, we did not have. that deficit in January, 1927; we did not have it in have not had any publication of our assessments since January, 1928. 1899. I would be glad to furnish as a souvenir to this commission a photographic reproduction of one page One reason we did not have it was because the Board of the only printed assessment that we have ever had of Assessors, while they did not try to equalize things May 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 205 or make it very much better on that score, they did there was machinery which was really discovered. The raise the total valuation. attorney for the Board of Assessors very frankly and As far as we can find out from our information it is I think very generously and nicely in a public way an- about as Dr. Simpson presented it. We have a chart nounced that the Board of Assessors were not aware that presents it very fairly. of that machinery and of the facilities of the County ASSESSORS DO; REVIEWERS UNDO Board and the County Building for doing that work. They found out they could do for $150,000 what they The Board of Assessors did one job and the Board of thought it would take $500,000 to do . Review came around and undid the job that the Board We insist and we maintain and we know what we of Assessors did. On these 12 sections that I referred are talking about, that there are facilities for making to, that were assessed on the basis of 26 per cent in this reassessment and for doing it as satisfactorily as 1926, the buildings are assessed lower today than they that publication is being done. We know it can be done were in 1926. Although the Board of Assessors raised now. We know that the City Council and the Board of the assessments on both land and buildings in those 12 Education pointed a way when they made the appraise- sections, the Board of Review lowered the assessments ment of the loop. We know that the loop owners pointed on the buildings below the 1926 assessments on these the way when they made the appraisement for these 12 buildings. different sections. And we feel that the Chicago Teach- Now that is the reason that the teachers feel at this ers' Federation by supplementing those appraisals with time that any steps that are taken to remedy this situa- other appraisals throughout the City that showed a value tion, anything that looks to the future only and does of contiguous property of a large enough area to get not take cognizance of this practical, concrete situation conclusions that are worth paying attention to, has also that we are up against, will not give us relief in time shown the way. to prevent the teachers from having to pay the penalty. * * * Now we think that when teachers are called upon to pay $25 each, as we called upon the teachers of Chi- THE CHAIRMAN: Now, Miss Haley, you are get- cago to do, to pay for expert, scientific appraisals of ting down to a very fundamental point and that is this: land to match up these appraisals that had been made After all the spur to official or legislative action is arous- by other people and to show facts about the homes, be- ing the interest of the public. Now, primarily we are ap- cause none of these other appraisals did they showed pointed to investigate conditions with the idea of sug- the conditions as to the loop and the conditions as to gesting legislation. We won't get very far with that the 12 business sections; it took in no homes. We are unless the constituents of the members of the legisla- ready to show the facts about the homes -we feel as ture are so aroused that they will force them to it. if that is enough to ask the teachers to do. They are MISS HALEY: In the meantime what is going to quite willing to do that kind of constructive work. But happen to us, Mr. Chairman? if it means that they have got to be penalized for this THE CHAIRMAN : We are, of course, willing to go kind of performance, then they are very earnest and along just as far as we can with you. And publicity, they are very insistent that every agency that can again, as to these gross inequalities and individual and move by direct appeal to them to help at this time, we specific responsibilities in this community is necessary. are going to move. We are going to ask them to move. Now we are willing to cooperate with you, to have you We won't leave any agency unmoved if it is possible for suggest plans of immediate procedure and we will do us to move them. everything we can I am sure. Is that correct, gentlemen ? Now, we feel if we cannot get this reassessment, if COMR. WATSON : Absolutely. we cannot get the Board of Assessors and the Board THE CHAIRMAN : I am assuming that that is the of Review to take some very concrete and constructive attitude of the committee from our general understand- steps toward establishing a system of assessment that ing. Now we are here for that purpose. will last after this quadrennial year, that we will have * ** lost the best opportunity that will come to us in our lifetime. We feel that this is the time to set up such a system. Now I may be at variance with some gentlemen that Editor's Mistakes Published are going to speak, or some other speakers that are 1 When a plumber makes a mistake he going to follow me. THE CHAIRMAN : Just proceed, Miss Haley. charges twice for it. MISS HALEY : I may be at variance in this wit When a lawyer makes a mistake it is just コ them: That they will look for some remote or more what he wanted, because he has a chance to or less remote action or remedy. But we want it now. try the case all over again. They may think that they will have to wait until they When a carpenter makes a mistake it's just can get the Board of Assessors and the Board of Re- what he expected. view reorganized and get some other agency in there. When a statesman makes a mistake it be- Now we will hardly agree with that. We feel that the time is now, that it is certainly ripe. comes a law of the land . * * * When a preacher makes a mistake nobody 1 . QUESTION OF PUBLISHING knows the difference . When the question of publishing the assessment came When an electrician makes a mistake he 1 up first one of the members of the Board of Review blames it on the induction ; nobody knows said it would cost $400,000. He was quoted in the pa- what that means . pers as saying $500,000. Then he revised it and said $400,000. As a matter of fact they are doing it for $150, - But when an editor makes a mistake-good 000. Right in the County Board, in the County Building, night ! 206 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 31, 1928 Revenue Commission Inquires Into Delay Following Reassessment Order Dailey Says Assessors Might Assume Order Legal At a meeting of the Illinois Legislative When he heard of the discussion which en- Revenue Commission Friday, May 25, in the sued at the conference, Senator Dailey, chair- city hall, the Commission inquired into what man of the Commission, said, "Don't you think action the Board of Assessors had taken on the Board of Assessors could have better per- formed their duty by assuming that this order the Illinois State Tax Commission's order for was legal, emanating from proper authority, reassessment. and resolve their doubt in favor of the tax- It was informed that a conference of attor- payers of Chicago ?" neys had been called by the Assessors and Following are pertinent extracts from the Board of Review to discuss the legality of the May 25 meeting of the Revenue Commission order. ( sub-headings inserted by Bulletin) : * * * THE CHAIRMAN ( Senator Dailey) : Now, getting THE CHAIRMAN : No. down to another question. You said yesterday that you MR . MURDOCK : Sustaining or opposing. would like to have this committee do something at once THE CHAIRMAN : Representing your group I will with reference to helping along the situation. assume that you were in favor, being connected with MISS HALEY : Yes . these groups here, in favor of a reformation of the THE CHAIRMAN: As I understand it, the chair- assessment in this county? man of the State Tax Commission has issued an order MR. MURDOCK : No, not at all. We were none to the Board of Assessors requiring another assessment of us there, at least I was not and I do not believe any of the real estate of Cook County. Is that correct? of the others were there to accomplish any-to persuade MISS HALEY: Yes, Mr. Chairman. I will furnish the Board to do any particular thing. But at the in- for the record a photographic reproduction of that order. vitation of the Board to give them our best assistance THE CHAIRMAN : We would like to have the order. in interpreting the order, considering the question of its legality and its effect. That is what we were invited MISS HALEY : I haven't got it but I will furnish it. * * * there to do and that is what we were talking about. THE CHAIRMAN: I was just going to ask that QUESTION OF LEGALITY ? question. What has this Board done, the Board of As- sessors with reference to acting on this order ? THE CHAIRMAN : Then it resulted in a discussion MISS HALEY : So far no action has been taken to- of whether the order was a legal order or not; was that it ? ward carrying out the order. A conference has been held or was held last week some time. There was a MR . MURDOCK : That was a question that the as- conference held at which a number of attorneys repre- sessors asked us to come in and talk about. senting, or at least they were invited by the assessors COMR . O'GRADY : Whether the tax commission had and the Board of Review and the attorney for the Board that power or not? of Review and the attorney for the Board of Assessors MR . MURDOCK : Whether the particular order is- and several other attorneys for those offices and the at- sued was valid under the statutes. torney representing the County Board, all of whom THE CHAIRMAN : Don't you think the Board of appeared. * * * Assessors could have better performed their duty by assuming that this order was legal emanating from COMR. O'GRADY : Did they all tell whom they were proper authority, and resolve their doubt in favor of the representing ? taxpayers of Cook County ? MISS HALEY : Yes. I think all who spoke did. MR . MURDOCK: That was suggested to them at There were some there who did not represent the Board that meeting. of Review or the Board of Assessors. Mr. Malone was THE CHAIRMAN: How did they take that sug- represented by Mr. I. T. Greenacre. Mr. Fairweather gestion ? I wish they were here today. We would like was represented by Mr. C. C. Case. Mr. Fairweather to have a little heart to heart talk with the assessors. represented the commission, the Joint Commission of The point of invalidity in the MR . MURDOCK : the County Board. Then they had several commercial first instance was raised by Mr. Hayden Bell, who was interests. Mr. Max Murdock spoke on behalf of the there as the attorney for the Board of County Commis- real estate interests . I think he was the only outsider sioners . who spoke. I think the other attorneys were attorneys Mr. Bell suggested that whatever attitude the asses- that represented some of the county boards . sors might take, whether they assumed that the order THE CHAIRMAN : Pardon me . You were not there was legal and tried to carry it out or whether they would opposing the reassessment of property, were you ? construe it to be illegal and not follow, that in either MR . MURDOCK : There was not an idea developed of case, there might be a grave doubt as to the validity of controversy at all. the assessment of this year, and it might result in a May 31, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 207 large number of objections which would imperil the MR . NANCE : It was all a question of whether it revenues of the taxing bodies for this county. was a reassessment or a new assessment. * I am not giving my own views; I am simply quoting Mr. Bell as faithfully as I can. And therefore, it was THE CHAIRMAN : Now, I know, but the question is important that those doubts be resolved at as early a what explanation are they making when a crisis con- date as possible, and one of the propositions advanced fronts the people of this community ? and considered with favor by all- Now lawyers are disposed to wrangle, are prolonged THE CHAIRMAN : Pardon me. They have had over wranglers and I speak knowingly. They are wranglers two weeks to determine a single legal question, haven't and will wrangle interminably and let the people suffer. they? I don't think the question of two weeks is too short a time in which to determine positively these questions. AWAITING ATTORNEY'S OPINION I think the people who have been unjustly burdened MR. MURDOCK : I understand that the question is here are entitled to a little better treatment than that. now with the attorney general and that they are await- I think two weeks is ample time. Now, if you want us ing his opinion on the validity of the effect of the order. to assist you when the law is settled or the opinion re- THE CHAIRMAN : Have any of these attorneys ceived, to take this matter in hand, we will be glad to given an opinion on this question ? do it. * * * MR. MURDOCK : Mr. Bell had a written opinion with him at the time, which he read. WHO IS RESPONSIBLE ? THE CHAIRMAN : To what effect? THE CHAIRMAN : If the Board of Assessors will MR . MURDOCK: In substance what I have tried to not do their duty it is going to entail a lot of work on quote. this commission to show the people just who is to blame THE CHAIRMAN: Well, was it a definite opinion ? and where the specific inequalities are and the special MR . MURDOCK: Yes. Also Mr. Bell's opinion was favoritism shown. Now if the lawyers are going to that the order for reassessment was invalid because it wrangle about this and that is going to be the excuse of was premature in this : That the assessment of 1928 delay, we ought to know about it. It is unfair treatment. has not yet been made and that a reassessment cannot These people who have been so unjustly dealt with-I be ordered until the assessment is made. That was his didn't see it but I was told, the throngs of people who theory. came to pay their taxes, people on the verge of mutiny, THE CHAIRMAN : The assessment of 1928? people unjustly dealt with and lawyers wrangling over technical points for two weeks and still getting nowhere. COMR . O'GRADY : That is next year. If something is not done very quickly in this matter to THE CHAIRMAN : Yes. determine the question as I said before we may change MR . MURDOCK: On the other hand. it was advanced our course entirely to find out just who the responsible and I happened to be the one that advanced the hum- parties are. And we will have no hesitancy whatever ble opinion that the assessment as far as it affects real in disclosing the guilty parties. estate was made in 1927 and that under the statute it We want to do something constructive. But if ob- remains the assessment during the quadrennial period structive tactics are indulged in by the officers charged and a reassessment can be ordered at this time; that with these duties we are going to find out about it and the assessment is one assessment for four years except we may change our course entirely. We want to pursue in so far as it is changed in particular instances under a constructive program but if it can't be done, because authority of the statute. I happened to be almost alone of this official defiance of the right of the public we in advancing that theory. will have some hearings here that will be rather inter- MISS HALEY : Mr. Greenacre advanced that theory, esting. too. I am sorry the Board of Assessors and its members MR. MURDOCK : Mr. Greenacre was quite firmly are not here today to know just exactly the temper of of the other opinion, early in the controversy. this commission. If they temporize with these matters why they will not be spared. I start out with the as- THE CHAIRMAN : What is the real question there ? sumption that over two weeks of delay in a situation You say the point of invalidity was raised because the such as exists in Cook County is an outrage upon the order was premature? rights of these people and the taxpayers of Chicago. MR . MURDOCK : Yes. And that is the result, Miss Haley, of your suggestion THE CHAIRMAN : That would presuppose that the yesterday, that this commission should try to do some- assessment should be made in 1928; is that right ? thing to bring about conditions of immediate relief. MR . MURDOCK : Yes. Your Board of Assessors better get busy right away and MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman, may I say on that- quit submitting to all this legal wrangling which is the THE CHAIRMAN : Yes. I just want to know if invariable method employed to defeat protection of the the single question is the question of doubt as to its rights of the people. You are going to change the atti- validity and that it requires all this great legal talent tude and course of this commission very largely if that is to determine that single question under a revenue law, not done. There is no trifling about it. We do not want i as to whether the quadrennial should be made in 1927 to use the club unless we have to use it but we are or 1928? Is that the question ? ready to use it upon these sleeping officials. * MISS HALEY: Yes, Mr. Chairman, that is the ques- tion I wanted to raise. THE CHAIRMAN : We would like to cooperate with these taxing bodies with the aid of representatives of THE CHAIRMAN : It is an unfortunate thing that these groups here, men and women, who have given + here is a community in distress and a lot of lawyers this matter great study and are in position to help bring 1 wrangling about technical points. That ought to be- about a more equitable situation on matters of assess- without my knowing anything about it-what is that? ment , who are here ready and willing to give their time 208 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 31, 1928 and their efforts and their service. We are here for the same purpose. If these people are going to defeat the rights of the THE VOICE OF THE public in this way, why the responsibility will be put TEACHER just where it belongs and if there is unnecessary delay there is only one purpose in unnecessary delay and that is to cover up wrong doing. This column will be opened to the teachers of Chi- Have you any further suggestions, Miss Haley? cago to express their views on any matter which they MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman, I present this now for think would be of interest to other teachers. No anony- the record... mous contributions will be accepted, but the names of THE CHAIRMAN : Yes. the writers will be withheld and kept in confidence by (Miss Haley then presented for the record the report the Bulletin office. The keynote for what we hope of the auditor of Cuyahoga County, Ohio.) this column will become, has been sounded by Mrs. Ella Flagg Young in her " Isolation in the School," when she THE CHAIRMAN : Miss Haley, is there any ques- wrote, " The voice of authority of position not only must tion of these gentlemen having finances to carry out the not dominate, but must not be heard in the councils." order of the state tax commission ? Your contributions will be welcome and as the Bulletin MISS HALEY : Mr. Chairman, they have raised that grows, we shall try to expand the column. What is on question, but from what I gathered and I will submit your mind ? Let us know. Address all communications for your record the whole discussion, and that includes to " The Voice of the Teacher," Margaret Haley's Bul- the point where they raised that question, but I believe letin, 127 N. Dearborn Street.-Editor. it was considered by everyone that it was not a proper question to raise at that time. If they are ready to make the reassessment they have no right to asume the Chicago, Ill ., May 25, 1928 . County Board is not ready to make the appropriation. My dear Miss Haley : MR. CHAIRMAN : I think you are right about that. It took a catastrophe and the lives of many * * * children to demonstrate that a crumbling wall MISS HALEY : Now, after all that was done and the City Council appropriated $100,000 and the Board was placing the lives of hundreds of pupils of Education $100,000, they ( Board of Assessors and in jeopardy. The crash of that wall was a Board of Review) failed to take advantage of it. And slaughter of innocents, but their sacrifice was we feel that under the circumstances the full responsi- not in vain. The wall was fixed and immedi- bility rests upon the Board of Assessors primarily and ately the Board of Education went scurrying the Board of Review secondarily for the utter failure of this 1927 assessment. to find other walls which might snuff out little I said yesterday I would produce for the commission, lives . and I will, the assessment of 12 business sections that The fact that children, dozens of them, have are comparable in value to the loop. Of course, the been injured by power driven machinery in values are not so great, as the loop, although they are the schools, does not seem to be causing school very great values. They are not ordinary small busi- ness sections; they are Streeterville and such districts board members much concern. Perhaps the as that. casualty list has not run high enough. Per- I can show you by that appraisal that after the Board haps the Board is waiting for more children of Assessors finished assessing those sections, that they to be maimed or some to be killed before it raised the assessment of the 12 sections above the value goes scurrying into the machine shops . which had been put on by the Board of Assessors in 1926 and the Board of Review then lowered the values Investigations have been ordered. Have of these 12 sections so that the value now is less than they ever been made ? Citizens' groups have it was in 1926. protested. Have their protests ever been I will submit for the commission the appraisal show- heard ? ing those values. * * * The Board of Education is being reorgan- MISS HALEY : I think I offered also to furnish the ized. A new broom sweeps clean. Do you appraisals that the Chicago Teachers ' Federation had think we may hope for the protection of the secured in order to be able to check against the 1927 pupils or will we have to wait for another assessment and I will furnish those to your committee. wall to fall ? ** * L. I. B. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Chicago, May 15. MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher Margaret Haley's Bulletin : MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten In the last issue of the Bulletin appeared months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. a notice showing that summer school this year THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 15 Cents. would continue throughout ten weeks, the nor- LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to mal vacation period . the order of Is not this approaching dangerously near MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American the all year school ? What may be expected Bend and MortgageBldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicage Phone Central 3904 from such a procedure ? Will it not mean MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 209 May 31, 1928 eventually and perhaps, now, a 12 month school with all that that carries in its wake ? FOR A DIFFERENT VACATION Is it not a step toward further factorizing the schools and shoving the children through the H SCETNRI AVEILGHOWNAYS mill so that they may get out into the com- mercial world at the earliest possible age. With the minimizing of cultural subjects, C characteristic of the late regime, and the max- imizing of time in school, apparently to be characteristic of the new regime, will not the via T Y luxurious O I T Y O A S T O O A S T children be denied their birthright of an edu- cation ? CI T C -C T C GREYHOUND LINES I feel that the teachers of Chicago cannot afford to sit idly by without inquiring into the trend of this latest order from the acting superintendent. The Children's Friend . Classified Advertisements HEREVER you choose to spend Teacher will share roomy, mod., summer Wvacation, your trip there will be cottage, 1/2 blk. Lake Delavan, Wis., with enhanced a thousand-fold if you go group teachers. Hire cook, sh. exp. Ideal the delightful Greyhound way ! These rest ; all sports . Ph . eves. Normal 0956 . ultra-smart, roomy motor coaches travel everywhere on the country's For Rent Furnished apt. near Normal finest highways direct to its most school , July and August, longer if desired. noted scenic and historic points of Phone Vin. 1101 . interest. For Rent Five furnished rooms, light, EAST- WEST-NORTH-SOUTH fuel, ice, linen, laundry ; 3 miles from Anti- och, overlooking private lake. Sheldrake Then, too, the Greyhound way is the 2345 clean, close- to - Nature way to travel. You go on regular schedules under the Coming West this summer ? Write Mrs. care of a dependable driver-Greyhound trained ! Good connections are possible Margaret Wilson, Canon Ave., Manitou, Colo., in all directions. Another very impor- to have a hot bath and a cozy room ready for tantGreyhound motor coach feature is its you. REASONABLE FARE For Rent-Summer cottage, Indiana sand EVERYWHERE dune, week, mo., or season. Englewood 8236. New York. $21.00 Philadelphia 18.50 Let Him Rough It 52.75 Los Angeles Harry : "Now that your boy is going to col- Minneapolis 12.25 lege, you ought to buy him an encyclopedia." Dells of Wisconsin . 6.25 Eau Claire, Wis....... 12.25 Roy : "Be darned if I do ! Let him walk like I did." Ludington, Mich.. 7.75 Corresponding low rates elsewhere. To save more money buy round trip tickets-good for 60 days . True to Type 1 forall Wife What induced him to become a free- Phone DOUGLAS 5100 information thinker ? or write Executive Offices 514 E. 34th Place, Chicago Hubby-Couldn't help it-he's a Scotch- man. ‫با‬ Mr. Goode : Exactly! My boy, why is it always best GREYHOUND MOTOR TRANSIT MANAGEMENT COMPANY to tell the truth ? Limes ) Boy: Because you don't have to remember what you say.-Philadelphia Bulletin. 210 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 31, 1928 TALES TOLD OUT OF SCHOOL BOOK NOW Have your children made some immortal remarks as only children can? Will you share the smile with other teachers ? Out of the mouths of babes has come some of our most sincere humor and our most grave philoso- phy. Will you jot down their sayings or send us any joke or story you think appropriate for this column ? The Greatest Two -Week VacationTrip Ever Offered Down East March 12, 1928. Thru the Switzerland of America Dear Editor : If you are fed up on the"usual" tour offerings, here's a two week's vacation trip that will thrill you-it has that romantic "something" we call Several weeks ago when I left the city I in- adventure, it has scenic beauty, real natural scenery, points of historical interest and many other things structed my boy to call my school and report that no other vacation suggestion has to offer. my absence. He did. I thought your readers First Tour Everyminutewill thenJuly one. You'll enjoy might enjoy the following excerpt from his June17th1st, 15th, the picturesque letter to me : andweeklythereafter IrishHills, the trip across romantic Canada, and your visit to that never- to-be-for- "Dear Mother : I just had a two-weeks vaca- gottenwonder, Niagara Falls. You'll love the Thousand 'slands, the forested ranges ofAdir- ondacks, beautiful Lake Placid and you'll be thrilled tion in the telephone booth and as a result I with your visit to Ausable Chasm andyour trip across Lake Champlain. Your journey thru the Green and am too weak to stand up. I finally managed White Mountains, over the Mohawk Trail, thru the Berkshires , along the Hudson River on the StormKing to deliver the message and everything is all Highway, over the Poconos, thru the DelawareWater GapandWatkins Glen, willprovide scenesyou'll never forget and things to talk about, for rest of your life. right. Then there's a day in Boston-two full days and three glorious nights in New York-with a heavenly night and an enchanted day at Alexandria "Everybody in the office wanted to know Bay, and the grand climax-a trip across Lake Erie. Allof these scenic thrills are packed into the great- who put the statue in the telephone booth. I est vacation trip ever offered, the result of five years' of successful operation and experience. got rheumatism in my right arm from drop- An illustrated folder will be mailed you upon receipt ofyour request to ping in the nickel and my left arm was para- HOGLE - SPEARS TOURS 112W. Randolph , Phone Randolph 3709 lyzed from holding the receiver. I dropped atthe HOTEL SHERMAN , the the nickel 1700 times . You wouldn't be- Starting Point for the lieve it, would you ? (And you probably don't.) After the first hour I offered the operator two GREYHOUND MOTOR TRANSIT MANAGEMENT COMPANY imes pounds of candy if she would get my number for me. Then I increased it to five pounds. Then I said that if she didn't get the number for me I would poison the candy. They sent refreshments up to me at eleven o'clock and at eleven-thirty I bit off the mouthpiece of the Thos. E. McElroy Co. telephone. I fainted at twelve o'clock and STEVENS BLDG. when they revived me I was still yelling FINE FURS 'Douglas 3144.' The doctors think I will be Remodeling-Storage -Repairing We Call for Storage all right again in about three weeks if I have STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 perfect quiet. Please omit flowers." K. R. W. ELIZABETH N. EICHORN 72 East Madison Street, Chicago Telephone State 7463 SUBSCRIPTION GOSSARD CORSETS - LINGERIE to GIFTS MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 10 % Discount to Teachers Name .. Address . .... (Street and Number) Sale on Fox Scarfs and Chokers Now in Progress .... City at Subscription price $2.00 per year. JOHN J. MORAN, Inc. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite Fashionable Furs 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 Will Call for Storage. Call State 4177 Storage Remodeling Repairing N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. 58 East Washington Street MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 211 May 31, 1928 HITHER AND YON ENRICI'S is famous no less Personal items of interest to teachers will be printed for the enduring and deep in this column. If you are going to take Sabbatical leave, a vacation, have written a book, a play, or done friendships it has won than anything of note, or if any teacher you know has, we for the quality of the foods shall be glad to mention it in this column. Won't you send us any items that come to your mind? Address it serves and for the great "Hither and Yon," Margaret Haley's Bulletin, 127 Ν. Dearborn Street, volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- - day, before the matinee, it is the great Miss Frances Harden of Peirce school and central meeting place. Miss Anna Harden of Swift school have re- turned from a tour of the south. Leaving on Sabbatical leave January 1, they visited many points of interest in Florida, Havana, the Panama Canal, Honduras, etc. Miss Frances Harden attended the meeting of the Depart- HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT ment of Superintendents February 25 to March 2 in Boston. Miss Harden is recover- ing from injuries suffered in an automobile 67 W. Randolph St. accident in Florida. - 122 Between Dearborn and Clark Streets Miss Catherine Flaherty of the LeMoyne school is planning to spend the summer vaca- No orchestral din tion with relatives in the west. - Teachers Recommend Taking her Sabbatical leave, Miss Adele Harvey of the Peirce school is traveling in the west. She writes that she is enjoying Los An- "Chicago Business College" geles and is going to San Francisco. 127 So. State St. ( Next to Palmer House) - 41st Year Miss Mary Haevers, Cleveland school, has returned from Green Bay, Wis., where she Positions for Graduates . Open Sum- was called by the death of her mother. mer and Winter. Send for Catalog - so you can judge and advise pupils- or attend yourself. Intensive Course. Many members of the faculty of Senn high school accompanied the two buses which transported students to Joliet May 26 when Have your Central 5160 Senn high school's band won second place in the national high school band contest. FELT, STRAW or VISCA HATS RE- BLOCKED into up-to-date styles. Bobbed hair or con- The Chicago Division of the Illinois State servative styles. Small or extremely large Teachers' association will send 40 delegates headsizes . We have them. We are manu- facturers of the finest hats and our Re-block- to the National Educational Association con- ing Department has access to the best vention July 1 to 6 in Minneapolis. The dele- shapes. A trial will convince you of our gates will represent all departments of teach- efficient service. ing, including assistant superintendents, spe- cial teachers, principals, high schools, junior Chicago Hat Mfg. & Bleaching Co. 175 N. Wabash Ave. Between Randolph & Lake St. high schools and elementary schools. 212 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN May 31, 1923 CRACK TRAINS 5 to Minneapolis and St. Paul North Coast Limited TheComet Burlington Black Hawk Commercial Limited Route Oriental Limited On your trip to Minneapolis for the Convention of the National Educational Association learn what the Burlington river-level route means in terms of smooth riding comfort. Charm- ing river scenery by day. Restful sleep at night. Beautifully equipped trains operating on fast schedules at even, regulated speed. Information-Tickets-Reservations BURLINGTON TRAVEL BUREAU 179West Jackson St., Phone Wabash4600 S. J. Owens, GeneralAgent Chicago, III . Independent and Escorted Summer Trips HAWAII-JAPAN-CHINA Frocks $ 35 Semi- Annual JAVA-AUSTRALIA-NEW ZEALAND -CALIFORNIA Clearance - ALASKA - CANADIAN Offering Reductions on Our Entire Stock of ROCKIES BERMUDA Suits, Dresses, Gowns , Coats and Ensembles GREAT LAKES - MOTOR Dresses at $ 18 $22 $32 TRIPS Coats at $ 28 $38 $48 Suits at $22 $32 $42 Authorized Steamship and Railroad Agents FRANCIS A. MARNELL 601 Nixon Building, 105 West Monroe Street Telephone State 6593 CHICAGO Johnson &Harwood INC Ist and 3rd Floors PittsfieldBldg. 37 North Wabash Ave. Entrance Just South of Washington 87 86 NO. VOL- MargaretHaley's V 12 BULLETIN 28 Chicago, Ill . June 16, 1928 When My Ship Comes In By MARY CAROLYN DAVIES When my ship comes home ! When my ship comes home ! But shall I wait on shore And dream of when my ship comes home- White sail and flashing oar ? I'm going to steer it home myself, Not wait on land without it : For no one's ship comes drifting in Who only dreams about it ! When my ship comes home ! When my ship comes home ! Myself I'll fill the hold I'll know that when my ship comes home With white sails flashing bold, 'Twill bring the things I wish. Our flag To ocean winds we'll fling it ! For each one's ship comes home at last If he helps Fate to bring it ! -Philadelphia School Journal. 0.00 214 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 16, 1928 VACATION TEACHERS PREFER THE EXCLUSIVENESS OF THE 5LAKECRUISES AT POPULAR PRICES AULT TEM ARI E EACH During July andAugust S S 44 Garfield Arms Hotel to Scenic Northern GN ACE A 3260 MAYPOLE AVENUE STI OFYOUR West Michigan, MACKINAC ISLAND Van Buren 4510 on the large, modern steel steamers S. S. Manitou and S. S. Puritan. Music, 33 $ HARBOR SPRINGS ATTRACTIVELY FURNISHED Dancing and other Enter- TOS KEY EVERY ROOM A HOME tainments. Appetizing CHARLE VOIX modious meals berths and com- NORTHPORT included in fares . Auto- OLD MISSION 4 Day mobiles GLENNAVEN ERSE Cruise TRAV carried at CIT Y FORT extremely FRANK low rates. 22 ONERANA Sault Ste. Chicago to Alcazar Hotel "MA NI STE Marie and Return 3000 Washington Blvd. Van Buren 7500 Meals and N BIG CRUISERS $44 Berth Incl. GA U LUDINGTON SS MANITO IDEAL TRANSPORTATION SSPURITAN HEI See all the popular Summer ACK Resorts of Northern West MLI Mich gan, Scenic Grand Trav- EXCELLENT CAFE SERVICE IN BOTH erse Bay, Historic Mackinac HOTELS Island. Beautiful St. Mary's River, andfamous ship-locks at SPECIAL RATES FOR TEACHERS the "Soo" Time for 6 hours in Canada. Ask for Free Tourist Booklet, describing points of interest,de- Catering Especially to Weddings, Luncheons tails ofall 5 cruises, etc. and Banquets MICHIGAN TRANSIT NAVYPIER CORPORATION B. J. Kennedy, G. P. A. CHICAGO NavyPier, Chicago, III. HOWARD W. WILLIAMS, Manager or Your Local Agent " Some Day " Chicago School There are so many things you want to do " later on. " Teachers But what have you saved in the last few years ? will be interested to learn that the SHERWOOD MUSIC SCHOOL has added to the FACULTY of " Later on" never seems to come any its PUBLIC SCHOOL MUSIC DEPARTMENT closer because it seems almost impossible CHARLES ESPENSHADE, Music Supervisor of Englewood High School, and LILLIAN LUCAS, to save. Money just melts away. District Supervisor of Music in Chicago Public Schools . Mr. Espenshade will become Director of A PERSONAL LIFE INCOME policy in the Department, beginning with the 1928 Fall the Union Central Life Insurance Com- Term, and instructor in all subjects pertaining to pany enables a woman later on to enjoy High School music. Mrs. Lucas will, beginning with the 1928 Summer Session, become instructor the things she has always wanted. Only in all subjects pertaining to Grade School music. a small deposit is required each year-and They will be assisted by numerous others of the one hundred fifty instructors of the Sherwood annual dividends help to reduce the cost. Music School. Complete courses are offered, lead- ing to Teacher's Certificate, Diploma and Bach- Nothing else gives you that feeling of elor's Degree. Classes in special subjects for Chi- cago School Teachers . The Sherwood Music security-that thought of absolute inde- School is recognized by the CHICAGO BOARD pendence later on in life. OF EDUCATION for PROMOTIONAL CREDITS , and numbers among its students many Chicago We will be glad to outline this contract in School Teachers . Call personally, telephone, or write for detail, without any obligation whatsoever. Catalog and detailed information. Communicate with DARBY A. DAY, Manager SHERWOOD MUSIC SCHOOL The Union Central Life Insurance Co. (FOUNDED 1895 BY WM. H. SHERWOOD) 23rd Floor-105 W. Adams St. FINE ARTS BUILDING-410 S. Michigan Ave. , Chicago Chicago, Illinois Telephone : Harrison 6267 Telephone STAte 5203 2 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN Vol . 5. No. 12 June 16, 1928 Page 215 ■ Board Claims Emeritus Teachers Owe It Money File Cross Bill in Effort to Reclaim Salaries Paid As a result of a cross bill filed by the branch of the educational service to be known Board of Education against James E. Arm- as "Emeritus Service." ( See proceedings of strong and others on the Emeritus Service the Board of Education for November 25, list, those persons who were transferred to 1925, page 469, Report 13165, and of Decem- Emeritus Service by the Board are called upon ber 9, 1925, page 561, Report A-13398 . ) The to repay to the Board of Education the sal- persons so transferred to Emeritus service aries paid them while they were in the Emer- were to receive one-half of their average sal- itus branch of Service . ary for the last ten years of service, with a Removal of teachers to the Emeritus Serv- minimum of $1500 and a maximum of $2500 . ice was declared illegal by the opinion of Under this Rule the Board of Education on the Appellate Court and the teachers and January 13, 1926, retired from regular service principals who had not subsequently retired and assigned to Emeritus Service 74 members on pension, were restored to the teaching serv- of the teaching force, retirement to be effec- ice. The cross bill says in part : tive at the beginning of the second semester- "Your orator [ the Board of Education ] further rep- January 30, 1926. On each February first and resents that pursuant to said " Emeritus Rule," your August first since that date other teachers orator paid to each and every of the original com- and principals have been retired in accordance plainants, and the complainants brought in by said with this rule . amendment, large sums of money as salary during the period that they were in the class of service known as THE "ARMSTRONG" CASE " Emeritus Service," and declared by said opinion of the Appellate Court to be illegal and void. Some of the persons to be retired on Feb- "Your orator represents that the amounts of salary ruary 1 , 1926, applied for an injunction to so paid to each and every of said complainants in said restrain the Board of Education from putting original bill of complaint amounted to one-half the the Rule into effect claiming it was a viola- average annual salary received by each and every of them during the ten years preceding his or her tion of the Teachers' Tenure Law ( Sections transfer to the "Emeritus Service" and was not less 130, 138, and 161 of the Illinois School Act) . than $ 1,500 per annum and not more than $2,500 per The suit was filed by James E. Armstrong, annum, and that such payments so made to them were Chester C. Dodge and Mary R. Hecox-three void and should be repaid to your orator." of the persons to be retired. Judge Hugo HISTORY OF CASE Friend of the Circuit Court of Cook County denied the injunction and the case was ap- In brief, the history of the Emeritus Serv- pealed to the Supreme Court. In December, ice Rule and the litigation in its wake, are as follows : 1927, the Supreme Court transferred the case to the Appellate Court, the Supreme Court The Board of Education at its meeting of holding that it had no jurisdiction of the ap- December 9, 1925, amended and adopted as a Rule of the Board of Education a recommen- peal . dation of Superintendent McAndrew provid- On February 14, 1928, the Appellate Court ing that teachers, principals, and other mem- handed down its decision, in which it reversed bers of the Education Department (except the the ruling of the Circuit Court and directed that the Board of Education restore the com- Superintendent of Schools ) upon reaching the age of 70, be retired from regular classroom plainants to their respective positions. and supervisory service and assigned to a (Continued on page 223 ) From the Masthead LOVE'S LABOR LOST Dear Harve : If you have gone to consid- erable trouble and had your taxes all "fixed, " wouldn't this reassessment bunk get your goat ? The X Hole . -Line o' Type, Chicago Tribune. To the Teachers of Chicago: A special session of the Legislature has lowing the receipt by him of assurances that been called to meet Monday, June 18, to con- more than a constitutional majority of both sider emergency revenue legislation necessary Houses would attend such a special session, to insure enforcement of the order of the Tax if called . Commission issued on May 7 for a reassess- An hour before sine die adjournment of the ment of real estate of Cook County. The en- second special session on June 6, the House of forcement of this order is necessary to correct Representatives resolved itself into the Com- at once the gross inequalities found in the gen- mittee of the Whole in order to hear why re- eral assessment of real estate in Cook County quests had been made to the Governor to call made in 1927 for the four-year period ending the Legislators back to attend a third special with 1930. Without this reassessment that session. inequitable 1927 assessment will stand as the By unanimous consent I was permitted to basis of taxation for three more years . address the Committee of the Whole. I pre- sented the facts as to gross inequalities in the In a statement to the public on Tuesday, June 5, Governor Small said in part : 1927 assessment of Chicago real estate as shown in the Bulletin of May 31 under "I have been requested to call a special the Heading : "Why the Taxpayers Are session of the General Assembly for the purpose of enacting legislation to carry out in Revolt ." Reprints of that page and of the the order of the Tax Commission for a re- May 31 Masthead pages had first been dis- assessment of real estate. tributed to the Legislators . I read the para- "Before putting the members and the graphs of the Governor's statement quoted State to the expense of another special ses- above ; also that portion of the Attorney Gen- sion, I believe assurances should be had eral's opinion of May 29 which declared the from at least a constitutional majority of assessment order of May 7 by the Tax Com- each House that they desire seriously to consider the revenue question at this time mission "premature and of no force and ef- and are willing to attend sufficient sessions fect" because issued too soon. I explaineă to enact the needed legislation." how any reassessment order to the Cook A proclamation calling the special session County assessing officers would be either too was issued by Governor Small on June 15 fol- soon or too late under that opinion ; that for June 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 217 the purposes of this reassessment the opinion situation growing out of the utterly inde- could be set aside only by a Supreme Court fensible 1927 assessment of real estate in Chi- decision, which could not be obtained in time cago and Cook County, which affects the en- to give relief ; or by an act of the Legislature tire state. passed before July 1, which could give imme- Investigations have been made by the Legis- diate force to the reassessment order and con- lative Revenue Committee appointed by the sequent immediate relief. Governor on May 16, 1928, under authority of I closed by requesting signed assurances a law passed by the 1927 Legislature. These from all Representatives who were willing to investigations have not only revealed the exist- return as indicated if the Governor called a ence of gross inequalities, acknowledged by the special session. The pages passed the pledges taxing officials themselves, but have unearthed to the members for their signatures, and astounding evidence given under oath that there many had signed when a downstate Represen- is in Chicago systematic, organized, unmolested tative rose and asked to have the Cook County racketeering by tax-fixing agencies through which delegation polled, in order to be sure that wholesale unlawful reductions of assessments are Cook County was ready to do its share to help unlawfully obtained. Thanks to this Legislative dig itself out of its own mire before asking Revenue Committee these racketeers have had the downstate members to agree to dig it out. an airing in court and have revealed the meth- Then the roll was called and 66 members ods by which many properties evade their fair voted "Aye' and 4 voted "No," 22 of the 26 share of taxes and shift that burden to other Cook County members present voting "Aye" properties, which therefore carry a double bur- to attend a special session if called. den, while the revenues for the schools and for Those 66 representatives, together with 6 other purposes are unlawfully reduced. others who had previously given assurances Not only has the Legislative Revenue Commit- that they would, if called, attend a special tee disclosed that the tax-fixing business is thriv- session for the purpose stated, made 72 rep- ing in Cook County and that wholesale reductions resentatives who, before I left Springfield that are secured through tax-fixing, but one tax fixer day, had given such assurances. I arrived in acknowledged having divided a total contribu- Chicago at 8:30 that evening and before 11 tion of $5,000 between the campaign funds of o'clock that night I had assurances that 5 the two political parties in the last few months. more representatives would attend, complet- The Legislative Committee has called be- ing the 77 needed to make a constitutional ma- fore it the Board of Assessors and the Board jority of the House. I wired the Governor of Review and asked them pertinent questions that night that 77 had given assurances and regarding the inequalities of assessments called up both morning newspapers and so charged again them. Their answers appar- informed them. One morning newspaper ently did not satisfy the Committee, for the printed that fact the next morning (June 7) . Committee announced its intention to present All the afternoon papers printed it. to the special session of the Legislature a re- As we go to press assurances that they will port on its findings and also to recommend attend have been received from 93 members emergency legislation by the special session. of the House and from 34 Senators. It re- When the questions put by Senator Dailey, quires the affirmative votes of 26 Senators and Chairman of the Legislative Revenue Commit- 77 Representatives to pass a Bill-the same tee, and by his colleagues in the Committee, be- number of votes in a special session as in a came too hot, the members of the Board of Re- regular session. view folded their tents like the Arabs and as The decision of the Governor to call the spe- silently stole away. Like the characters in the cial session was inspired not only by the large Bible who could not attend the marriage feast, number of members of both Houses signifying one because he had bought a yoke of oxen, an- their intention to attend, but by the critical other because he had married a wife, and oth- 218 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 16, 1928 ers because they were called to what they con- estate is being published and the property is strued to be their duty, the taxing officials identified by name of street and house number begged leave to be excused that they might instead of by legal description. This method of publication was agreed upon by the two catch trains to Eagle River or attend to press- assessing boards and the Board of County ing business when the interrogations put to Commissioners after an opinion from the at- them became too embarrassing . torney general that it was legal . Nearly half These Reviewers were confronted with con- of the most difficult work preliminary to pub- crete evidence in the form of the Simpson lication has already been finished, and the lists studies presented to the County Board by the by precincts will be ready for mailing in a County Board's Joint Commission, of which very short time unless some Circuit Court judge grants an injunction. Mr. George O. Fairweather is chairman ; by For every ill, however, there is a remedy. The independent appraisals of business real estate Revenue Committee is preparing to present an- made at the instance of the City Council and other Bill, to be introduced at the special session the Board of Education and of others ; by ap- of the Legislature, intended to wipe out that praisals of home sections presented by the petition for injunction, even as other Bills are intended to overcome the Attorney General's Chicago Teachers' Federation ; and by the pinion against the order for reassessment. This order for reassessment issued by the State new Bill will prescribe that street numbers may Tax Commission because of glaring inequali- be used to identify and describe real estate in ties which that Commission said had been publishing the assessments instead of identifying brought to its attention. In the face of all the property by legal descriptions which are this evidence and the questions concerning in- Greek even to the owners of the property so described. equalities, the taxing officials were completely It is reasonable to assume that legislators who routed, the last of them to go, the attorney have expressed their willingness to attend a third for the Board of Assessors, leaving on the special session of the Legislature will enact the run. necessary emergency legislation to give the people On the eve of this special session, the pos- of Cook County an intelligible publication of their sibility of relief from the intolerable taxing unintelligent assessments of real estate for pur- situation in Chicago appears more hopeful poses of comparison; and will also enact the ad- ditional legislation needed to enforce the order than it has in many years. With the Legis- for reassessment for purposes of honest, intelli- lative Revenue Committee of the Legislature gent correction. making an investigation of the local tax Where there's a will, there's a way. And the tangle, the Tax Commission ordering a reas- way at this time points to the State Legislature sessment which it is hoped will become oper- in its special session. The prompt response to ative as a result of the special session, and the request to attend a third special session is the County Board's Commission ever on the reasonable ground for hope and expectation that the Legislature will make both the publishing of job, indications point to a revolution in assess- the 1927 assessments of Cook County real estate ing methods in Cook County which should give and a reassessment of that real estate a certainty. relief to the owners of over-assessed property ; Such a reassessment will give no relief to the shift the load to the grossly under-assessed victims of the inequalities in the tax bills paid property whose owners have escaped their fair this year. But, if made on a uniform, equitable, share of responsibility, some of them for scientific basis, as assessments are made in a hun- many years, and at the same time provide dred other American cities, such reassessment ample revenue for the education of the chil- will equalize the taxes to be paid in 1929, will dren and for other public needs, without fur- provide ample revenue for the schools, and will ther increases in tax rates . stabilize that revenue by stabilizing its founda- As we go to press a petition is being filed tion-the real estate assessment. in the Circuit Court to restrain the publishing of the 1927 real estate assessments on the ground that the legal descriptions of the real estate are being illegally omitted. The name of the owner or taxpayer of each piece of real Morgan A. Haly June 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 219 Cook County Assessment Becomes ' Monstrous Abnormality, ' Says Dailey Assessing Officials Appear Before Legislative Revenue Commission The Illinois Legislative Revenue Commis- Others attending were G. C. Carnahan, at- sion, appointed by Governor Small on the torney for the Board of Assessors ; Charles authorization of the State Legislature, in a Ringer, member of the Board of Assessors ; series of public hearings, is going into the John Conroy, Chairman of the Board of As- question of inequitable assessments in Cook sessors ; Mr. Krutchoff, member of the Board County and is calling before it persons who of Assessors ; J. L. Jacobs, efficiency expert may be able to point to a remedy. for the Board of Cook County Commission- At a hearing the afternoon of June 4 in ers ; Leon Hornstein, assistant corporation the City Hall, Senator John Dailey, chairman counsel ; George C. Olcott, H. S. Cutmore, of the Commission and members of the Com- George O. Fairweather, vice-chairman of the mission interrogated assessing officials and Joint Commission on Real Estate Valuation ; their counsel regarding taxing conditions in John O. Rees, director of the Joint Commis- Cook County and the attitude of these officials sion ; W. H. Malone, chairman of the Illinois toward a scientific appraisal of real estate. Tax Commission, Miss Margaret Haley and Attending this session from the Commis- Eugene McCaffrey. sion were Senator Dailey and Commission- Following are pertinent extracts from the ers Watson, O'Grady, Parks and Nelson. stenographic report of the meeting : MR . CARNAHAN : Mr. Chairman, is this on the pub- to go ahead. The people here, the taxpayers, certainly lication of the assessment lists or is this on the order to have some very just causes for complaint. reassess? * * * THE CHAIRMAN : I was just going to state the occa- sion for inviting the members of the Board of Assessors We have so far, gentlemen, developed a very, very un- here this afternoon. fortunate condition so far as inequality of assessments The matter arose out of a discussion of the order for is concerned. I think the criticism that was developed reassessment made by Mr. Malone. We were of the this morning shows while your work was not consid- opinion at that time that there might have been some ered to be as it should be nor an ideal assessment, far unnecessary delay in securing the legal opinion, or the from it, that when it was operated on by the Board of opinion, rather, of the Attorney General upon the validity Review it became a rather monstrous abnormality. of that order and our purpose was to invite the gentle- MR. CARNAHAN : “Operated on" is a very good men you represent to co - operate with the State Tax Com- word. mission in making a reassessment of real estate in Cook THE CHAIRMAN: I told you that we were not going County. The occasion that prompted that has somewhat into the question of the publishing of the assessments . disappeared or the opinion of the Attorney General I assume from the attitude of you gentlemen the ques- which he has given- tion of legality was not going to be raised by your board. * * * * * * Miss Haley made some suggestion about publication of assessments . It did not appear to the Commission at MR. CARNAHAN : We have waived all that. We that time that we cared to go into that question ; that we submitted the matter to the Board of County Commis- had no quarrel with you gentlemen on that matter. A sioners. We told them that the Board was prefectly certain agreement had been reached and we had no right willing to publish in the manner they suggested since it to assume that you would do anything except in good was suggested to the Board that it could be done within faith to do what you could in carrying out the agreement. a certain amount of money. MR . CARNAHAN : Regardless of whether it was We investigated it and we believed that it could be legal or not ? done for that amount of money in that way. We then THE CHAIRMAN : What ? put it up to the County Commissioners , that if they would MR . CARNAHAN : Regardless of the legality of it? pay the bills that we would proceed along those lines and THE CHAIRMAN : Well, of the publication ? Yes, they said they would, and passed a resolution to that there is a very serious question about that I assume. effect; and the Board of Assessors are proceeding along MR. CARNAHAN: Yes, there is, but we are going those lines, the Board of Assessors and the Board of ahead, anyway. Review and they are publishing. They propose to have THE CHAIRMAN : But I think as a matter of public it published with the street numbers, dimensions of the policy sometimes it is just as well to show a disposition lots and then the assessment by the Board of Assessors 220 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 16, 1928 and change, if any, by the Board of Review, without MR . KRUTCHKOFF : I would like to answer another giving any legal description at all. question. * * THE CHAIRMAN: All right. Wait a minute. Let THE CHAIRMAN : Would it be a fair question, gen- us go at it informally. I think this is a very important tlemen, to ask you what your attitude might be upon a thing, right at this point. If you have a modern system reassessment of the real estate of Cook County this year and it is presented to you gentlemen and you can apply in the event the legislature passes a bill and it becomes it here and it has worked well in other places, why don't a law on July 1st; would you have any objection to pro- you help the situation along here by just starting out and ceeding under that law? trying it? * * MR. CONROY : Speaking for myself, I would not. * * * THE CHAIRMAN : We want to know your attitude THE CHAIRMAN : Now, there have been some very in doing the best you can with modern approved methods fine studies made of modern methods of assessing prop- and the result of these studies here, whether you are go- erty by this Commission of which Mr. Fairweather is a ing on in the old way; and if you are going on in the old member, by Dr. Simpson and others, who impressed this way, I think there would not be much to it. You can cor- committee I think, not only with their ability, with their rect a few things, but you wouldn't have a scientific as- labor but with the practical value of their suggestions . sessment of property. We are not saying it is your fault, Would you be inclined to cooperate, you saying you have gentlemen, but it will be your fault if you stand in the to build up a new method; everything is obsolete- way. wouldn't you like to investigate, and you probably have, MR . CARNAHAN: Let me ask you one question. the experiences of Cleveland, and other cities where the THE CHAIRMAN: No, you won't ask me a ques- greatest publicity is given to these matters and the ques- tion. I don't care anything about legal quibbles or any- tions of value are submitted to groups in certain neigh- thing of that kind. We have had too many of them. borhoods ? Assessments made and based upon real MR. CARNAHAN: I was not going to ask that. I expert knowledge; would you gentlemen consider that was not going to- infringing upon your prerogatives if you should take the THE CHAIRMAN : This is addressed to the assessors, advice and judgment of people of this character ? * with all due respect to you, Mr. Carnahan. * * MR . CARNAHAN : Yes. THE CHAIRMAN : What would be your objections ? THE CHAIRMAN: We want to know your attitude MR. CARNAHAN : That would require some study as toward this proposition and toward the taxpayers of Chi- to whether it would be suitable for Chicago. Cleveland cago, whether you are going to enter into this your- is a small city; Chicago is an enormous city. selves, whether you desire to do it and have a disposition THE CHAIRMAN : You know we never get anywhere to do it in a different way from what has been done because we never start. That is the trouble. heretofore, and say to these 103,000 owners of property MR. CARNAHAN: And you ought to have a desti- who are complaining, and others, that you are going to nation when you start. take up their battles for them and do it as nearly right as THE CHAIRMAN: That is true but you ought to you know how. If you are not disposed to do that, and have a start when you have a destination in mind. Some go along with these gentlemen who have given this mat- fellows never start. I think that is the trouble and you ter study, it is all a very foolish thing. have admitted that you have never started because the * whole system is obsolete here. * * * COMR . O'GRADY : I want to ask Mr. Fairweather. Mr. Carnahan made several references in his talk about MR. CARNAHAN: I have never gone into the legal status of the Cleveland situation. the reassessment, not being able to put it in effect, be- cause of the lack of finances. THE CHAIRMAN : Then, again, talking about the start necessary before you arrive at a destination, you THE CHAIRMAN : Oh, yes. have not made much of a start in that investigation, have COMR. O'GRADY: And then he said, or one of the you, of the Cleveland situation ? assessors said that you wanted to put in your own ex- * * * pert on appraisal. And you gave the explanation as to the lack of finances- THE CHAIRMAN : There isn't any criticism now but MR. FAIRWEATHER: If that was Mr. Carnahan's this is my thought: That here is a system that has the approval of some very fine minds in Chicago, men and statement, he knows better. I would like to repeat now what I have told these gentlemen over and over again, women, who have given it a great deal of study. MR. CARNAHAN: It has a lot of good points, too. Mr. Carnahan, that the County Board manifested by its action that if a wise expenditure of funds is re- THE CHAIRMAN : It has been adopted in over 100 cities in this country. Now, I want to know what the quired, to put in a real common sense-the chairman uses the word scientific but common sense is the same thing assessing body of Cook County has done in the way of studying this question from the legal or practical stand- -system of assessment the County Board has mani- point. Have you made any progress ? You admit that fested by its action last year that they will provide that your system is wrong, that it is obsolete. You are faced fund, and I have every belief that they will provide it this year, but it would be futile and I would be the first one with the reports that in 100 cities of this country this to object to the County Board putting up any sum of system has worked well; the opinion of able men and money, $2,000 or $2,000,000, to turn over to this board or women that it can be applied to conditions in Cook Coun- the Board of Review, or both of them, to employ it in the ty. We would like to hear from any members of the Board on that. manner in which they have heretofore expended public MR. CONROY : Mr. Krutchkoff knows more about funds in producing the kind of assessment which we that. have. These gentlemen will testify themselves, if you * * * (Continued on page 224) June 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 221 Chairman of Tax Commission Explains Its Powers W. H. Malone Talks Before Legislative Revenue Commission William H. Malone, Chairman of the Illi- resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole nois State Tax Commission, and one of the and explained the deficiencies of the assess- signers of the order for reassessment of Cook ment situation in Chicago and asked relief County real estate, appeared before the Illi- through legislation which would permit the nois Legislative Revenue Commission June order for reassessment as issued by the Tax 4 and explained the powers of the tax com- Commission to stand. mission regarding reassessment. Governor Small had indicated that if a The order of the tax commission to reassess constitutional majority of both houses desig- all the real estate of Cook County received nated their willingness to return to a special an adverse opinion at the hands of Attorney session and consider the amendment asked, General Carlstrom. As a result, a movement he would call the session. was started at once for a special session of As a result of Miss Haley's appearance be- the Legislature to amend the statute by pro- fore the House and her subsequent efforts, viding that the Tax Commission might order more than a constitutional majority of each a reassessment at any time in the year, either house was obtained. before or after assessment is completed. Following are remarks of Mr. Malone at the Miss Haley spoke before the House which June 4 session of the Legislative Commission : THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Malone, we are going to call urer of the county in which such reassessment has been upon you first, not to go into any detailed discussion, but ordered, except in counties having an elective Board of it seemed the logical order that you, having issued this Review, in which case such order shall be filed with the Board of Review." re-assessment order, in a very general way should tell us why you did it. I think that the Chair and the Commission had in its MR. MALONE : I thank you for the privilege accord- mind then, when it passed this section of the statute, to ed me, and inasmuch as I have noticed this meeting has prescribe general rules and regulations not inconsistent been very informal and apparently the chairman kindly with the law for local assessment officers relative to the disposed to all interested parties, I want, at the outset, assessment of property for taxation, which general rules to let the members of the Board of Assessors and the or regulations shall be binding upon all local assessment members of the Board of Review know that I , as Chair- officers and shall be obeyed by them until reversed, an- man of the State Tax Commission, have only the kindliest nulled or modified by a court of competent jurisdiction. of feelings, and there is no personal feeling in my atti- The Tax Commission shall have power to order in any tude. I don't want to repeat a lot of things that, no year a reassessment of all real estate or personal prop- doubt, have been said here, but I want to ask the members erty, or real property or personal property of any class, of the Board of Assessors, the members of the Board of or property of any kind, in any county or any assessment Review, and the attorney who represents them for the district thereof, when in its judgment said assessment is moment, if they will, to place themselves in the position desirable or necessary. of the Chairman of the State Tax Commission; and I am The State Tax Commission received a very large num- going, so as to get it right in the record, to ask you to ber of complaints. I think I do not exaggerate when I bear with me while I read from the "Powers and Duties say over six thousand in the County of Cook, in which of the Tax Commission, Section No. 12." people set forth their claim, and a day was set aside, or "Whenever." Pay particular attention to that. "When- days set aside, to hear those complaints. ever it shall appear." Pay particular attention to the The State Tax Commission sent word to the Board of word "appear." " Whenever it shall appear to the Tax Assessors and Board of Review of Cook County, asking Commission that the real or personal property in any them to come in at those hearings. county"- After three or four weeks of studied application to the * * * problem before us, the language of this Section 12 cer- MR. MALONE : “ Whenever it shall appear to the tainly appealed to the Chairman : Tax Commission that the real or personal property in "Whenever it shall appear to the State Tax Commis- any county, or in any assessment district thereof, has not sion that property has been unequally or improperly as- been assessed in substantial compliance with law, or has sessed," and it certainly did appear to the chairman that been unequally or improperly assessed, the Tax Commis- property in Cook County had been improperly assessed, sion may, in its discretion, in any year, order a reassess- and I am glad that the members of the Board of Review ment for such year of all or any class of the taxable prop- and Board of Assessors, openly, freely and frankly ad- erty in such county, or assessment district thereof. The mit, that the property was not properly assessed, be- Tax Commission may order such re-assessment paid by cause it takes quite a burden from the shoulders of the the local assessment officers. The order directing such re- State Tax Commission. assessment shall be filed in the office of the County Treas- I am very happy that these men say it was because of 222 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 16, 1928 an inadequate system, and if they had a different system, Now, if, as you say, you did not have the time to make if they had means to provide a different system, they this reassessment in 1927, why wouldn't the same rule would gladly go to work, but the law under which I am apply in 1928 and in 1929 and in 1930, and where can the serving, and which I took an oath to live up to, specifi- people of Cook County ever hope for any relief under a cally states that when "it shall appear to the State Tax provision of the law creating the Tax Commission and Commission"-that they may order a re-assessment in giving it authority where inequality exists in any year, any year, it certainly appeared to the Commission this that the State Tax Commission may order a reassessment year that gross inequalities exist in the taxation of prop- and have that assessment substituted for the original as- erties in Cook County. sessment, which was the 1927 quadrennial assessment ? MR . RINGER : For what year ? It is just as plain as anything could be. And I am at a MR. MALONE : For the year 1977, which was the loss to understand how the Attorney General of this state quadrennial year, which would stay for four years , unless could advise that this is contrary to law. * ** altered; and I keep in mind that the Board of Review has no power to make a reassessment of their own volition; I Now, this is what I want to say to you: That the peo- keep in mind, Mr. Ringer, that the State Tax Commission ple of Cook County are worrying about this condition. has no power to make any individual changes in any as- They are weary of this condition, and you should not be sessment, and so if the State Tax Commission would idly worried about the financing or the expense of doing sit by and allow that 1927 assessment, which was for what every man, woman and child in Cook County is en- four years, that value to stand against property in this titled to have done; and, if you can, before you leave county, a value which you yourself and your associates, this room, if the Board of Assessors will just say: "We members of the Board of Review, all admit is unequal and are not going to try to take advantage of the technical unfair and unscientific-I could not live up to the oath part of the law, but are going to let our conscience be our of my office if I did not sign an order for a reassessment guide." in Cook County. We know that the assessments are not suitable and are Now comes the proposition as to whether or not you not fair and we know that the Chairman of the State will comply with that order. Section 3 says that we shall Tax Commission did that which you would have done if lay down rules and regulations, and that all assessment you were in his place, ordered a reassessment. officers shall obey those rules. It seems to me that you If you will do that and say you are ready to go to work can, with the best of grace and clearest conscience, com- I know there are any number of public spirited men and ply with the rules of the State Tax Commission and go women and civic organizations throughout Cook County about your work to reassess. that will say to you, " We are with you to the end of the If there is any technical reason or any legal reason, road" and you will get all the money you need to do a the mistake will not be yours, but the mistake will rest real, honest, fearless and scientific piece of work in be- upon the shoulders of the Tax Commission, and they are half of the taxpayers of Cook County. (Applause.) * * perfectly willing to shoulder it all. If your work has been unscientific, and if you have MR. MALONE : I say, Mr. Carnahan, you are stretch- been hampered because of a lack of funds , and if the re- ing it a long way when you assume that the State Tax sult of this work is working a hardship upon all of the Commission has the power to order a reassessment in any smaller taxpayers of Cook County, it seems to me as year but we haven't the right to say in 1928 that you Chairman of the State Tax Commission, that the mem- should reassess and substitute it for the original assess- bers of the Board of Assessors and Board of Review ment which was the 1927. * * * ought to welcome, they ought to welcome an order that directs you to do over again that which you admit is a THE CHAIRMAN : I am not familiar with the stat- gross injustice to every small taxpayer in Cook County. ute in detail. When under the law does the Board of * * * Review complete its work for a given year ? MR . MALONE : I know, Mr. Ringer, that, if you MR . CARNAHAN : In September, supposed to . were the Chairman of the Tax Commission, way down in THE CHAIRMAN: In September? Well, that is not the depths of your heart, you would know it appeared to final, is it? you there were gross inequalities in Cook County, and MR. CARNAHAN : Yes. That is when they finish . you would know if you had taken the oath of office, it was THE CHAIRMAN : Now, as a matter of fact they your duty to order a reassessment where those inequali- did not finish then, did they ? MR . CARNAHAN : No. ties appeared. MR . RINGER : No. Now, what did the men who passed this law-and I think Senator Dailey was one of the men that passed this MR. CARNAHAN: They do not get through then in law, and so I think the question is fair to put to him, as Cook County. to what he had in his mind at the time this law was THE CHAIRMAN : They can't get through . passed- MR . KRUTCHKOFF : No. MR . RINGER : No. THE CHAIRMAN : Just exactly what you did. MR. MALONE : I thank you, sir. That is a source of MR . CARNAHAN: No. They can't get through. satisfaction. THE CHAIRMAN : That is not a mandatory pro- vision. According to the Attorney General, we could not order a reassessment in 1928 until the 1928 assessment was fin- MR . CARNAHAN : No. ished and reviewed, et cetera. But I say again, as a lay- THE CHAIRMAN : Practically they can continue man, that the 1927 Board of Assessors made an assess- during the entire year, can't they ? ment of the value of the property for 1928 and for three MR . CARNAHAN : Yes . years beyond that, and that is the value which has been THE CHAIRMAN: If they do that, then under your found and ascertained, and the people have been com- opinion there is no way in the world in which a reassess- pelled to pay upon that. ment can be made. June 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 223 BOARD CLAIMS EMERITUS (Continued from page 215) Following the announcement of the deci- ENRICI'S is famous no less sion of the Appellate Court February 14, re- in versing the opinion of the Circuit Court in for the enduring and deep the Emeritus Service case, the Board of Edu- friendships it has won than cation on February 24 through its attorneys, appealed to the Appellate Court for a rehear- for the quality of the foods ing on the Emeritus case and on February it serves and for the great 28 the Appellate Court denied the appeal. volume of its patronage. Of a Satur- The decree of the Appellate Court of Febru- I ary 14 directed the Board of Education to day, before the matinee, it is the great "restore complainants to their respective posi- central meeting place. tions as principals and teachers in the Chi- cago public schools, as of the date of their said retirement or removal therefrom by said Board about January 30, 1926, but that their tenure in said positions be subject to the provisions of said 'Miller Act' as originally HENRICI'S WM. M. COLLINS, PRESIDENT 3. in force on May 19, 1926, and as amended on June 24, 1927." The matter of back salary which the Emer- 67 W. Randolph St. itus group claimed was due was not settled Between Dearborn and Clark Streets at the time the teachers returned to school . In the cross bill just filed by the Board of Education, the Board claims that instead of No orchestral din 1 owing the Emeritus teachers back pay, the Emeritus teachers owe the Board moneys paid them under the Emeritus rule since declared MANUFACTURING PHONES : HYDE PARK null and void . REMODELING 7654 7655 REPAIRING STORAGE 7656 ESTABLISHED 1899 Father-You've been throwing stones at the dog again. Son-I wasn't throwing at the dog. I was trying to hit a fly on his ear.-Stockholm Kas- per . JERELiIABnLEhFUoRRrIEnR We have prepared for your inspection a complete display of fine fur coats, and are offering greater values than ever. A small deposit will "I once tried to teach a little Alabama boy hold any coat you select until you want it in the fall. to speak pure English," writes Octavus Roy Storage Rates Reduced! 2% Cohen. "I'll never forget the despairing way Open Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday Evenings he said to me at the end of the thirtieth or for- and Every Evening During August 939 EAST 63rd STREET CHICAGO tieth lesson : 'Dey aren't no "ain't you," is dey ? It's " aren't you," ain't it?" "-Boston Transcript. Little Joe-Pa, what is preparedness ? Big Joe-Preparedness, my son, is the act MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN of wearing spectacles to breakfast when you MARGARET A. HALEY Editor and Publisher know that you are going to have grapefruit.- Lyre. MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN is published twice a month for ten months from September to June, inclusive, by Margaret A. Haley. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Two Dollars per year. Single copies, 15Cents. LIBRARIES will be sent two copies for the price of one . Arriving Missionary-May I ask what ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to course you intend to take with me ? the order of MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite 1335, American Cannibal King-The regular one. You'll Bond and MortgageBldg., 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicagc follow the fish.-Progressive Grocer. Phone Central 3904 224 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 16, 1928 Group Insurance FOR A DIFFERENT VACATION Becomes Reality Federation Members Offered Advan- TR HIGH tages of Health and Accident SCEN AV EL ON WAYS Insurance IC Group insurance for members of the Chi- cago Teachers' Federation has become a real- ity. via Y T luxurious T Y A S T A S T Checks are being collected by the Federa- tion's Insurance committee and teachers who wish to have accident and health insurance CI TO CI -CO TO CO GREYHOUND LINES for the summer vacation, are urged to send their semi-annual premium checks of $11.00 to the Federation office, 127 N. Dearborn street at once. Accompanying the check should be the name of the teacher, address, 'phone number and school. The checks are to be made payable to the Continental Cas- HEREVER you choose to spend ualty Company . The group insurance offers at low cost un- Wvacation, your trip there will be usual protection in case of sickness and acci- enhanced a thousand-fold if you go dent. Several hundred teachers have already the delightful Greyhound way ! These ultra-smart, roomy motor coaches signed for the insurance in order to safe- travel everywhere on the country's guard themselves during the summer months. finest highways direct to its most In order that there may be time in which noted scenic and historic points of to collect the premiums and return insurance interest . certificates to teachers before they depart for their vacations, teachers who want group in- EAST -WEST-NORTH - SOUTH surance are asked to notify the Federation office at once. Then, too, the Greyhound way is the clean, close - to - Nature way to travel. COOK COUNTY ASSESSMENT You go on regular schedules under the care of a dependable driver-Greyhound (Continued from page 220 ) trained ! Good connections are possible care to ask them, that no amount of money put in the in all directions. Another very impor- hands of the present system will produce any kind of tant Greyhound motor coach feature is its result different from what we now have. * * * REASONABLE FARE THE CHAIRMAN: I think we have developed that EVERYWHERE quite sufficiently. I understand the attitude of these gen- tlemen, if you get this remedial legislation, that they are New York. $21.00 willing to co -operate and willing to take advice, willing Philadelphia 18.50 to make a start. I hope that is true. And no matter Los Angeles 52.75 what took place in the past, if you find that this is prac- Minneapolis 12.25 tical, successful and common sense, they will accept it Dells of Wisconsin . 6.25 and are willing to go along. Eau Claire , Wis ... 12.25 MR. KRUTCHKOFF : Absolutely willing to go along Ludington, Mich .. 7.75 with any system that will be an improvement on the old. Corresponding low rates elsewhere. To save more I agree with you, Mr. Fairweather, that any kind of a money buy round trip tickets-good for 60 days . new system would be an improvement. * ** for all Phone DOUGLAS 5100 information or write Executive Offices From Rags to Rags 514 E. 34th Place, Chicago Rags make paper. Paper makes money. Money makes banks. Banks make loans. GREYHOUND MOTOR TRANSIT MANAGEMENT COMPANY Loans make poverty. imes Poverty makes rags. -Cincinnati Enquirer . June 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 225 SUMMER TRIPS INDEPENDENT AND ESCORTED ALASKA – CANADIAN ROCKIES Now Is the Time $345 CALIFORNIA-CANADIAN ROCKIES $300 BEST EVER—BERMUDA With the approach of the Authorized Steamship and Railroad Agents end of the school year, will FRANCIS A. MARNELL 601 Nixon Building, 105 West Monroe Street you go over your check Telephone State 6593 CHICAGO stubs to see if you have paid your two dollars for this year's subscription to Delicious Cooking Charming Surroundings MARGARET Moderate Prices Service from 8 A.M. to 12 Ρ.Μ. Luncheon ..$0.60 HALEY'S Dinner ..... 1.00 1.25 Sunday Dinner ......... BULLETIN ? JULIA KING'S Tea Room 118-122 NORTH DEARBORN STREET YOU GET the Bulletin. YOU READ the Bulletin. HAVE YOU paid for it ? ELIZABETH N. EICHORN 72 East Madison Street, Chicago If not Telephone State 7463 DO IT NOW GOSSARD CORSETS — LINGERIE GIFTS 10 % Discount to Teachers Subscription Price $2.00. Make check payable to Margaret Haley's Bulletin Thos. E. McElroy Co. STEVENS BLDG . FINE FURS Remodeling-Storage -Repairing We Call for Storage STATE 7270 RANDOLPH 5556 SUBSCRIPTION to MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN CLASSIFIED Name ... For Rent-Summer cottage at Portage Address . Point, Mich. Month or season. Nevada 3723 . (Street and Number) ... City For Rent- Cottage near S. Haven ; good Subscription price $2.00 per year. view Lake Michigan, 4 rooms, porch, fireplace , MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Suite electric light, running water, lawn swings . 1335 American Bond & Mortgage Bldg., 127 Mrs. M. H. Vaughan, 2716 Best Ave. Phone N. Dearborn St., Chicago. Tel. Central 3904. Bittersweet 0663 . 226 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 16, 1928 TALES TOLD OUT OF SCHOOL JorfulDays On4GreatLakes and Have your children made some immortal remarks as only children can? Will you share the smile with other GeorgianBay (30,000 ISLANDS) teachers ? Out of the mouths of babes has come some of our most sincere humor and our most grave philoso- A restful and exhilarating 2000 mile trip over beautiful water- phy. Will you jot down their sayings or send us any ways with alluring scenery en route. Drive around historic joke or story you think appropriate for this column ? Mackinac Island, see the Indians at Canadian village of Parry Sd. Take the sight-seeing bus at Detroit and Chicago. See Cleveland- spend a full day at Buffalo and gaze in wonder at Niagara Falls, the world's greatest cataract. Following is a letter written by a fifth The Big Oil-Burning White Liners grade Chicago: pupil to his teacher. His logic North American is refreshing $7750 MEALS&BERTH Dear Miss I think I ought too pass next and South American INCLUDED June. At the first of the term I was bad now I am a offer you an experience similar to that of an ocean voyage-com- fortable berths or parlor rooms all outside rooms with windows or whole lot better than a whole lot of children who are port holes . Excellent meals daintily served. Rest in quiet on ob- servation deck or join in the gaiety as you prefer. Music, Dancing, worse. I used to be worse than those who are worse Entertainments, Games and a Social Hostess to introduce you. A now. Now I am a whole lot better. voyage of invigoration, recreation and education combined; a differ- ent kind of vacation. Your pupil, Semi -Weekly Sailings between ROBERT. Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland and Buffalo Ask for illustrated pamphlet at any Railway Ticket Office or Tourist Agency or write WHAT FOR? Chicago, Duluth & Georgian Bay Transit Company- MACKINAL ISLAND MICHIGAN HUR E SOUND LAK OM "Say, Aunt Jane, are all the children in the LAKE W. H. BLACK school, teacher's children-same as Tom and Traffic Mgr. me are mamma's children ?" 110 W. Adams St., NIAGARA FALLS BUFFALO Chicago, III. "Oh, no, John (but say Tom and I) . They DETROITO Phone Ran. 2960 LAKE ERIE are her pupils. Teacher has no children of CHICAGO CLEVELANO her own." "Ain't she got no children at all ? Ain't she got no house and no daddy who sits across the table and gives her tater and meat?" WANTED- a Teacher "You mean husband-no, John, no husband . To call on prospective Chicago students for Teachers don't have husbands ." private school. Some evening appointments . "What for, don't teachers have no husband ? Good pay. Apply 1204 Stevens Bldg. Don't she have no home and no pantry with cookies and jam and things ? " Phones Central 2551-2552 Res . Park Ridge 7094 "No, no ! All teachers have is a boarding GEORGE W. JOHNSON house (but you must say any home) . They SHORTHAND REPORTER eat their supper alone ; and then they go up to 1105 Ashland Block, Chicago their rooms alone and correct examination SPECIALIZING IN VERBATIM SHORTHAND REPORTING OF CLUBS AND MEETINGS papers-till they go to bed." Official Shorthand Reporter for Chicago Teachers Federation "What for do they correct examination pa- pers ?" "I never knew. Nobody ever knew. The 56 Years In The Fur Business !! I KNOW FUR school committees all over the country and Buy from one who KNOWS values, in most cities make the laws about no hus- and will give you an honest deal bands and examination papers." F. RANKE FUR CO . "What for do the school committees make Room 307, Third Floor Capitol Bldg. 159 N. State St. Dearborn 5831 the laws 'bout no husbands and zamination papers ." Phone Dearborn 4892 Aunt Jane shrugged her shoulders . "What for makes you shake your head, " EUGENIE " Aunt Jane ?" FRENCH MODISTE But she only said : "Run down stairs now, 55 E. Washington St. 703 Pittsfield Bldg . Chicago , III . John, and see if supper is ready." GOWNS, BLOUSES and REMODELING -Citizen, Winsted, Conn. June 16, 1928 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN 227 HITHER AND YON Personal items of interest to teachers will be printed BOOK NOW 1 in this column. If you are going to take Sabbatical leave, a vacation, have written a book, a play, or done anything of note, or if any teacher you know has, we shall be glad to mention it in this column. Won't you send us any items that come to your mind ? Address "Hither and Yon," Margaret Haley's Bulletin, 127 N. Dearborn Street. TheGreatest Two-Week VacationTrip EverOffered Down East Seven teachers of Marshall high school will Thru the Switzerland of America Ifyou are fedup onthe"usual" tourofferings, avail themselves of Sabbatical year next year here's a twoweek's vacation trip thatwill thrill you-it has that romantic"something" wecall and will travel abroad or study at home. adventure, it has scenicbeauty, real natural scenery, points of historical interest and many other things hat no other vacation suggestion has to offer. Among them are Miss Mary Zimmerman, First Tour bean Everyminutewill interesting William I. Andruss, Ralph E. Blount and June17th1st, 15th, the picturesque andweeklythereafter IrishHills,thetrip John A. Peters, who will travel through - across romantic Canada, and your visit to that never-to-be-for- Europe. Miss Laura Weis will spend her gottenwonder, Niagara Falls. You'll love the Thousand 'slands, the forested ranges ofAdir- time in Spain. Miss Elva L. Abbot will go to ondacks, beautiful Lake Placid and you'll be thrilled with your visit to Ausable Chasm and your tripacross Lake Champlain. Your journey thru the Green and the University of Washington at Seattle and White Mountains, over the Mohawk Trail, thru the Berkshires,along theHudson River ontheStormKing Highway, over the Poconos, thru the DelawareWater Miss Lillian Uchtmann will study factory GapandWatkinsGlen,will providescenes you'llnever forget and things to talk about, for rest of your life. Thenthere's aday in Boston-two full days conditions in the South. and three glorious nights in New York-with a heavenly night and an enchanted day at Alexandria Bay, and the grand climax-a trip across Lake Erie. Allofthese scenic thrills are packed into thegreat- est vacation trip ever offered, the result of five years' ofsuccessful operation and experience. An illustrated folder will be mailed Among the European tourists of this sum- you upon receipt ofyour request to HOGLE - SPEARS TOURS mer will be Misses Lee Fogelson and Mary 112W. Randolph, Phone Randolph 3709 attheHOTEL SHERMAN, the Amtman of Marshall high school . StartingPointforthe GREYHOUND MOTOR TRANSIT MANAGEMENT COMPANY Miss Winifred Matthews of Marshall ele- mes mentary school, has enrolled in the National League College to be held under the auspices of the National League of Teachers' Associa- Miss Margaret Born of Marshall will be a tion. The college is held each year in or student at the University of Wisconsin this near the city in which the National Educa- summer . tional Association holds its summer meeting.. This year's N. E. A. meeting will be in Min- Miss Bessie Thometz of Marshall elemen- neapolis . tary will go abroad at the close of school. JOHN J. MORAN , Inc. FASHIONABLE FURS Summer Sale on Fur Coats Now in progress. A purchase can be made at a great saving. A deposit will reserve gar- ment until winter. You are cordially invited. STORAGE REMODELING REPAIRS JOHN J. MORAN , Inc. 58 E. Washington St., Garland Bldg., Rooms 803-4-5 228 MARGARET HALEY'S BULLETIN June 16, 1928 The only road operating separate direct lines and through service to both Denver and Colorado Springs-agreat advantage in time and convenience to Colorado tourists. Rock Island BESTVACATION LEAST EXPENSE Two Weeks in Colorado Rockies Combination Rail-Auto Tours The Best of Everything Everywhere At Suprisingly Low Cost Most attractive vacation offer ever made- a comprehensive tour- rest- Frocks ful- reasonable-keen mountain air to invigorate-magnificent scenery For the Vacationist to inspire. Covers thoroughly the Whether you go fifty miles away or Pikes Peak Region, Rocky Mountain five hundred, the styles you want are National Park, Fall River Road Country across the Continental the last-minute styles. At Johnson & Divide and all the most popular re- Harwood's you are sure to find Coats , sorts of the Colorado Springs and Dresses , Suits , Ensembles that will Denver Regions . meet with your vacation needs. We An opportunity to buy a vacation feature smart Frocks . complete in every particular-train service , hotels , meals , auto . No In Printed Crepes hurry- no worry- no care - every detail planned for you-every wish anticipated. at $ 22 Only $4305 RoundTrip And Washable Crepes In Summery Colors at from Chicago on and after June 1st $ 15 ROCK ISLAND Travel Coats In new Tweeds of imported and domestic For illustrated booklets and detailed information, varieties in the new fall colors with or with- Mail this coupon L. H. McCormick, Asst. Gen. Pass'r Agt. , out fur, priced $25 to $125. Rock Island Lines, 179 West JacksonBlvd. , Chicago, Ill., Phone Wabash 4600 Please send me free booklets descriptive of Colo- rado and various All-Expense Tours of the Rockies. Name ... Address . Johnson & Harwood INC Ist and 3rd Floors PittsfieldBldg. (595) 37 North Wabash Ave. Entrance Just South of Washington 1 MAR 1-1929