^ - ■•■■■> , _ _ _ ^ -- • • o> i U.Si DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Mtj • h'b X Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1954-56 DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEl/AfiE LIBRARY AUG 1 1 ]dbu UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : I960 OFFICE OF EDUCATION Created March 2, 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department , July 1, 1869 Transferred to the Federal Security Agency, July 1, 1939 Federal Security Agency renamed U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, April 11, 1953 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL.D. March 14, 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Ph. D., LL.D. March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L.H.D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William T. Harris, Ph. D., LL.D. September 12, 1889, to June 30, 1906 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph. D., LL.D. July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1911 Philander Priestley Claxton, Litt. D., LL.D. July 8, 1911, to June 1,1921 John James Tigert, M.A. (Oxon), Ed. D., LL.D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed. D., Litt. D., LL.D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph. D., LL.D., Litt. D. July 11, 1933, to June 30, 1934 John W. Studebaker, LL.D. October 28, 1934, to July 15, 1948 Earl James McGrath, Ph. D., Litt. D., LL.D. March 18, 1949, to April 22, 1953 Lee M. Thurston, Ph. D. July 2, 1953, to September 4, 1953 Samuel Miller Brownell, Ph. D. November 16, 1953, to August 31, 1956 a 4 , 97312- Lawrence G. Derthick, LL.D. December 19, 1956 L 111 . A323 1954-56 Biennial survey of education in the United States CONTENTS Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56. 2. Statistics of State School Systems — Organization, Staff, Pupils, and finances, 1955-56. 3. Section I. Statistics of Local School Systems — Staff, Pupils, and Finances: Cities, 1955-56. Section II. Statistics of Local School Systems — Suburban Cities, 1955-56. Section III. Statistics of Local School Systems — County Units, 1955-56. Section IV. Statistics of Local School Systems — Rural Counties, 1955-56. 4. Section I. Statistics of Higher Education — Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1955-56. Section II. Statistics of Higher Education — Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56. 5. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56. m INDEX A Accidents, school bus, 2 : 70-71 Accounting, degrees conferred, 1 : 70 ; 4 : I : 97 Acres of school land. State school systems, 2: 104-105 Adjusted dollar, applied to average annual salaries in city school systems, 3 : 19 Administrative expenditures : city school systems, 1 : 46 ; 3:1: 22-26, 40, 134-238 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57 ; 3 : III : 16, 22 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 62, 70, 112-155 State school systems, 2 : 20, 80-82 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 33, 54-90, 130-131 Administrative staff : city school systems, 3:1: 12-15, 36-133 county-unit school systems, 1 : 56 ; 3 : III : 10-12, 39-90 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 35- 53, 130-131 Administrative units (school districts), number, 1 : 3-6, 23, 28 Adult education : city school systems, 1 :45, 47 ; 3 : 1 : 14- 16, 22-25, 27-28, 38, 40 county-unit school systems, 1 : 56 ; 3 : III: 19, 21 Federal funds, 1 : 21 higher institutions : degrees conferred, 4 : 1 : 94, 98 enrollment, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 24, 84-87, 118-123 faculty, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 10-11, 14, 34, 37, 112-113 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 69-70 State school systems, 2 : 19-20, 80-82, 96-97 students and employed personnel in pub¬ lic programs, 2 : 68-69 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 28 Agriculture, degrees conferred, 1 : 69 ; 4 : I : 96 Aggregrate days : attendance, 2 : 11, 64-65 membership, 2 : 11, 64-65 Aircraft mechanics, suburban city school systems, 1 :54 ; 3 : III : 29 Alaska : Federal funds for education, 1 : 20 See also entries under Outlying parts of the United States. Algebra (Intermediate and advanced) in suburban city school systems, 1 : 54 ; 3 : II : 29 American Printing House for the Blind, Fed¬ eral funds for education, 1 : 20 Americanization school, city school systems, 1 : 45, 47 ; 3 : 1 : 14-16, 27-28, 38-40 Annuity funds, higher education institutions, 1 : 83, 86 ; 4 : II : 6, 10-11, 13, 19-21, 57, 158-171 Architecture, degrees conferred, 1 : 69 ; 4 : I: 96 Atomic Energy Commission, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20, 22 Attendance : city school systems, 1 : 44 ; 3 : 1 : 7-8, 44-133 county-unit school systems, 1 : 63 ; 3 : III : 21, 23-38 personnel, 2 : 50-51 Auxiliary enterprises in higher education institutions : expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 13, 66-73 income, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 15, 29- 39, 46, 49, 92-105 Average annual salary of instructional staff : city school systems, 3 : IV : 52-54 historical summary, 1 : 25-26, 36, 39 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 49, 52-54 State school systems, 2 : 21-22,, 88-97, 107-li09 ; 3 : IV : 52-54 Average daily attendance : city school systems, 1 : 45, 3 : 7-8, 30- 38, 44-133 county-unit school systems, 1 : 63 ; 3 : III: 10 historical summary, 1 : 24 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 21-30, 71- 111 State school systems, 2 : 11-12, 27, 40- 41, 64-67 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 12-13, 17, 35-53 Average daily membership, public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 11* 64-65 Average enrollment : city school systems, 3 : IV : 38-44 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 38-44 State school systems, 3 : IV : 38-44 Average length of school year : city schools systems, 1 : 45 ; 3 : 1 : 8-9, 36-37 historical summary, 1 : 24 State school systems, 2 : 64-65 Average number of days attended in city school systems, 1 : 45 ; 3 : 1 : 8-9 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 B Bachelor’s degree, 1 : 64, 67-77 ; 4 : 1 : 7, 23- 24, 26, 89-102, 144-149 Bacteriology, degrees conferred, 1: 70 ; 4: I: 96 Badger, Henry G., and others. Statistics of Higher Education — Receipts, Expendi¬ tures, and Property, 1955-56, 4 : II : 1-177 Balances (money) : city school systems, 3 : 1 : 39, 41 State school systems, 2 : 18-19, 72-73, 78-79 Basic accounts, city school systems, 3:1: 22-26 Basic administrative units : attendance, clerical, plant, transporta¬ tion, and miscellaneous activities personnel, 2 : 50-51 expenditures, 2 : 85-87 food, health, and recreational personnel, 2 : 48-49 members, 2 : 3-4, 34-35 number, 2 : 3-4, 34-41 staff, 2 : 34-35 value of property, 2 : 106 Biochemistry, degrees, conferred, 1 : 70 ; 4 : I: 95-96 Biology ; degrees conferred, 1 : 69 ; 4 : 1 : 96 suburban city school systems, 1 : 54 ; 3 : II : 29-30 Biophysics, degrees conferred, 1 ; 70 ; 4 : I : 94-97 Boards of education (State) expenditures, 2 : 83-84 number and size, 2 : 3, 30-31 Bonded indebtedness, city school districts, 3 : 1 : 33-35, 41 Bonds : city school systems, 1 : 49 ; 3 : 1 : 31-32, 41 State school systems, 2 : 78-79, 104-105 Bookmobile, 5 : 9, 29-30, 76-79 Books : public libraries, 5 : 21-23, 24-27, 62-65, 68, 90-91, 94-97 public school expenditures, 1 : 47 ; 2 : 88-89 ; 3 : 1 : 40, 134-238 ; 3 : IV : 70 Borrowers, public libraries, 5 : 31-33, 81-83 Botany, degrees conferred, 1 : 69 ; 4 : 1 : 96 Bressler, Tobia, and others. Statistics of Local School Systems — Suburban Cities : 1955-56, 3 : II : 1-156 Buildings : city school systems, capital outlay, 1 : 48 ; 3 : 1 : 40-41 higher education institutions, value, 4 : II : 134-147 State school systems, value, 2 : 106 suburban city school systems, capital outlay, 3 : II : 92-109 Business and Commerce, degrees conferred, 1 : 70 ; 4 : 1 : 97 C Canal Zone : Federal funds for education, 1 : 20 See also entries under Outlying parts of the United States. Capital outlay : city school systems, 1 : 48 ; 3 : I ; 22- 24, 29-31, 40 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57 ; 3 : III : 22 public schools, historical summary, 1 : 25 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 70 State school systems, 2 : 19-20, 24, 28, 80-82, 98-100 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 92-109 Catholic elementary and secondary schools : enrollment, 2 ; 25-26, 111-115 instructional staff, 2c 25-26, 111-113 number of schools, 2 : 25-26, 112-113 Central cities, defined, 3 : II : 148 Chemistry : degrees conferred, 1: 74; 4: I: 94-95, 101 suburban city school systems, 1 : 54, 3 : II : 29-30 Chinese, degrees conferred, 1 : 72 ; 4 : I : 94, 99 Churches, contributions to higher education institutions, 4 : II : 19, 54 City school systems : number, 1 : 44 : 3 : 1 : 36-38 statistics, 1 : 2, 43-51 See also individual topics by name. Civilian noninstitutional population (ages 5-34) enrolled in schools, 1 ; 12-13 City School systems : statistics, 3:1: 1-250 See also individual topics by name Clerical personnel : city school systems, 1 : 47, 3 : 1 : 36, 134-239 county-unity school systems, 1 : 56, 3 : III : 21 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 70 State school systems, 2 : 50-51, 88-89 Classroom teachers : city school systems : number, 1 : 44 ; 3 : 1 : 36-38, 42- 133 ; 3 : IV : 40-44 salaries, 3:1: 20-22, 40, 134-238 county-unit school systems, 1 : 56 ; 3 : III : 21, 23-38 public schools, 1 : 41 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 40-44, 71- 155 State school systems, 2: 44-47 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 35-53, 128 Community : colleges, 2 : 20, 68-69, 80-82, 96-97 services, school systems: city, 1 : 47 ; 3 : 1 : 30 county, 3 : III : 19 State, 2 : 20, 80-82, 94-95 INDEX 3 Comparative summary, city school systems : fiscal, 3 : 39-41 general, 3 : 36—38 Conger, Louis H., Jr., and others. Statistical Summary of Education : 1955-56, 1 : 1- 96 Continuation school, city school systems, 1 : 45, 47 ; 3 : 1 : 14-16, 27-28, 38-40 Contributed service (higher education insti¬ tutions), value, 4 : II : 43 Correspondence courses (higher education) : enrollment, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 26, 64r-65, 84-87, 130-135 faculty, 1: 78; 4: I: 10-11, 14, 34, 36; 112-113 Corporations, contributions to higher edu¬ cation institutions, 4 : II : 54 Counseling and guidance, degrees conferred, 1 : 71 ; 4 : 1 : 98 Counselors, suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 25-26 County sources of revenue : city school systems, 1 : 46 ; 3 : 1 : 16-19, 39 public schools, 1 : 32-33 State school systems, 2 : 17, 74-79 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 92- 127 County-unit school systems : distribution, 3 : III : 5-6 general statistical data, 1 ; 55-56 ; 3 : III : 21 number, 1: 56; 3; III: 2-4, 21 personnel data, 1 : 56, 58-59, 62-63 ; 3: III: 23-38 socioeconomic characteristics, 3 : III : 5 types, 3 : III : 1 See also individual topics by name. Current expenditures : city school systems, 3:1: 22-26, 40, 134-239 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57, 61 ; 3 : III : 15-19, 22, 39-90 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 49, 52-61, 70, 112-155 See also expenditures. Current income of higher education institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 15-58 D Days (city school systems) : attended, 3:1: 8-9, 36-37 taught, 3:1: 9-10 Debt service expenditures : city school systems, 1 : 48 ; 3 : 1 : 31-33, 41 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57 ; 3 : III : 19, 22 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 70 State school systems, 2 : 101-103 Definition : county-unit school system, 1 : 55 ; 3 : III : 1-4 higher education institution, 4:1: 151’ 152 Degree, see Bachelor’s degree, Doctor’s degree, Earned degree, First professional degree, Master’s degree, Second-level degree. Denominational schools, see Catholic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, Non¬ public schools. Dental hygienists, number in public schools, 2: 48-49 Dentistry, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Dentists, number in public schools, 2 : 48- 49 Department of Agriculture, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20, 22 Department of Commerce, Federal funds for education, 1 : 21-22 Department of Defense, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20-22 Department of Health, Education, and Wel¬ fare, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20- 22 Department of Justice, Federal funds for education, 1 : 21 Department of Labor, Federal funds for education, 1 : 21 Department of State. Federal funds for edu¬ cation, 1 : 22 Department of the Interior, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20-21 Department of the Treasury, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20-22 Departments of education, see State depart¬ ments of education. District of Columbia, Federal funds for edu¬ cation, 1 : 20 Doctor’s degree, 1 : 64, 67-75 ; 4 : 1 : 7, 23. 24, 26, 89-102, 104-149 Dollar, purchasing power, 2 : 117 Driver education in suburban city school systems, 1 : 54 ; 3 : II : 29 E Earned degree, 1: 64, 67-77; 4 : 1 : 7, 23- 24, 26, 89-95, 144-149 Earth sciences, degrees, conferred, 1 : 74 ; 4: I: 101 Economics, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 : 4 : I : 101 Education, degrees conferred, 1 : 70 ; 4 : I : 94-95 Electronics in suburban city school systems, 1 : 54 ; 3 : II : 29 Elementary and secondary instruction (in higher education institutions), faculty, 4 : 1 : 10-11, 14, 32, 34, 112-113 Elementary and secondary schools (Catho¬ lic), see Catholic elementary and second¬ ary schools. Elementary and secondary schools (public) : average annual salary, 2 : 28-29 average daily attendance, 2 : 11-12, 27, 40-41, 64-67 capital outlay, 2 : 100 enrollment, 2 : 9-11, 27, 52-53, 56-65, 114-115 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Elementary and secondary schools — Con. expenditures, 2 : 19-25, 28-29, 82 finances, 2 : 15-16, 28-29 historical summary, 1 : 23-26 ; 2 : 27 instructional staff, 2 : 44-47 librarians ; guidance and phychological personnel, 2 : 44—45 number, 2 : 42-43 summer session students and employed personnel, 2 : 68-69 Elementary education, degrees conferred, 1 : 71 ; 4 : 1 : 98 Elementary schools : city school systems: average daily attendance, 3:1: 37, 42-133 enrollment, 3:1: 37, 42-133 number, 3:1: 37, 42-133 principals and supervisors, 3:1: 37, 42-133 teachers, 3:1: 37, 42-133 county-unit school systems, numbers, 3 : III : 21 rural counties, statistical summary, 3 : IV : 68-69 State school systems, 3 : II : 18-21, 35- 53, 128 Endowments : higher educational institutions: earnings, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 16, 20, 29-39, 41, 47, 92-105 gifts, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 1, 57 value, 1 : 65, 86-87 ; r : II : 1, 57, 82-86, 158-171 public libraries, 5 : 11—14 State school systems, 2 : 74-77 Engineering, degrees conferred, 1 : 72, 76- - 77>94-95, 98 English, degrees conferred, 1 : 72 ; 4 : 1 : 94, 98 Enrollment : Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 25-26, 112-113 city school systems, 1 : 45 ; 3 : 1 : 6-7, 36-38, 42-123; 3 : IV : 22-23 civilian noninstitutional population, 1 : 12-13 County-unit school systems, 1 : 56, 62 ; 8-15, 21, 23-38 higher education institutions, 1 : 64, 66- 68, 76-77, 79, 88-89, 91 4 : 1 : 5-16. 18-19, 21, 24-26, 43-88, 114-149 nonpublic schools, 1 : 30 ; 2 : 25-26, 111- 115 public schools: compared with 1954, 1 : 41 ; 3 : IV : 22-23, 71-111 elementary and secondary, 2 : 9-11, 27, 52-53, 56-65, 114-115; 3: IV ; 22-23, 71-111 historical summary, 1 : 24, 28-30 secondary, 3 : IV : 22-23, 71-111 rural schools systems, 3 : IV : 21- 30, 71-111 State school systems, 3 : IV : 22-23 Enrollment — Continued suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 7. 10-12, 17, 35-53, 128 total, all levels, 1 : 6-7 Equipment : city school systems, 1 : 48 ; 3 : 1 : 40-43 State school systems, 2 : 98-99, 106 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 92- 109 Equivalency Certificate, high school, 2 : 13, 54-55 Exceptional children education, degrees. conferred, 1 : 71 ; 4 : 1 : 97 Expenditures : Basic administrative units, 2 : 85-87 Boards of education (State), 2: 83-84 city school systems: comparative summary, 1 : 46-49 debt service, 3:1: 31-33, 41 distribution among basic accounts, 3:1: 22-26 per pupil, 1 : 50-51 ; 3 : 1 : 26-27, 40 salaries of instructional staff, 3:1: 19-22, 40 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57, 61- 62 ; 3 : III : 7-8, 15-20, 22, 39-40 higher education institutions: Negro enrollment, predominantly, 4 : II : 13 percent increase, 4 : II : 1 percentage analysis, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 59, 61, 66-74 purpose, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 106-107 totals, 1 : 15-17 intermediate administrative units, 2 : 85-87 public libraries, 5 : 14-21, 54-61, 92-93, 95, 97 public schools, 1 : 25-26, 35, 38-39 rural school systems: per pupil, 3 : IV : 54-61 salaries of instructional staff, 3 : IV: 49, 52-54, 70, 112-155 summary, 3 : IV : 61-63 State departments of education, 2 : 83- 84 State school systems: administration, 2 : 20, 80-82 adult education, 2 : 19-20, 80-82. 96-97 capital outlay, 2 : 19-20, 80-82, 98- 100 community colleges, 2 : 19-20, 80- 82, 96-97 community services, 2 : 20, 80-82, 94-95 debt service, 2 : 101-103 fixed charges, 2 : 20, 80-82 health services, 2 : 94-95 historical summary, 2 : 28-29 instruction, 2 : 20, 80-82, 88-89 interest, 2 : 19-20, 80-82 per-pupil in average daily attend¬ ance, 2 : 22-23, 110 INDEX 5 Expenditures — Continued State school systems — Continued plant maintenance and operation. 2 : 20, 80-82, 92-93 summary, 2 : 20, 80-82 summer schools, 2 : 19—20, 80-82, 96-97 unit data, 2 : 107-109 suburban city school systems: distribution among basic accounts, 3 : II : 33, 54-90, 130-131 Experience in teaching, suburban city school systems, 1 : 54 ; 3 : II : 22, 128 Extension courses (higher education) : enrollment, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 26, 62—63, 84- 87, 130-135 expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 13, 64—73 faculty, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 10-11, 14, 34, 36, 112-113, 130-131 Extracurricular activities, city school sys¬ tems, 3 : 1 : 40 F Faculty (higher education institutions), number, 1 : 14-15, 64, 78, 88-89 ; 4 : 1 : 6, 10-11, 14, 25, 27-41, 106-113 Federal sources of revenue : city school systems, 1 : 46 ; 3 : 1 : 16-19, 39 county-unit school systems 1 : 57 ; 3 : III : 22 educational purposes of Federal agen¬ cies, 1 : 20-23 higher education institutions, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 16-18, 29-39, 47, 54 public schools, 1 : 32-34 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 64-66, 70 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 92- 127 veteran rehabilitation, education, and training, 1 : 92 vocational education, 1 : 42-43 Fees from higher education students, 1 : 83 ; 4: II: 10, 13, 18, 29-39, 47, 92-105 Female enrollment (ages 5-34) in schools, 1 : 12-13 Films in public libraries : circulation, 5 : 70-71 stock, 5 : 23-24, 27-28 Finances : city school systems, 3:1: 16-35 county-unit school systems, 1 : 61-62 : 3 : III : 15-19 higher education institutions, 1 : 65 : 4 : II : 4-9 public schools, 1 : 32-36 ; 2 : 15-16, 28- 29 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 70 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 30-34 Fine and applied arts, degrees conferred, 1 : 72; 4: I: 99 First professional degree : enrollment, 4:1: 56-57, 124-129 number, 4:1:7, 23-24, 89-102, 144-149 First-time college students, enrollment, 4:1: 53, 57-58, 73-77, 114-123, 142-143 551214—60 - 2 Fixed charges : city school systems, 1 : 47 ; 3:1: 22-26, 40, 135-239 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57 ; 3 : III : 16-18, 22, 39-90 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 62, 70, 112-155 State school systems, 2 : 20, 80-82 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 33, 54-90, 130-131 Food services, public schools : expenditures, 2 : 94-95 personnel, 2 : 48—49 Foreign students enrolled in higher educa¬ tion institutions of the United States, 1 : 96 Foreign languages and literature, degrees conferred, 1 : 72-73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Foreign service programs, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 ; 4 : 1 : 102 Forestry, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Foster, Emery M., and others: Statistics of Higher Education — Fac¬ ulty, Students, and Degrees, 1955-56, 4:1: 1-152 Statistics of Higher Education — Re¬ ceipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56, 4 : II : 1-177 Statistics of Local School Systems — County Units, 1955-56, 3 : III : 1-91 Statistics of Local Systems — Rural Counties, 1955-56, 3 : IV : 1-68 Statistics of Local School Systems — • Staff, Pupils, and Finances : Cities, 1955-5G, 3:1: 1-250 Statistics of Local School Systems — Suburban Cities : 1955-56, 3 : II : 1-156 Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56, 5: 1-102 Statistics of State Schools Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56, 2 : 1-140 Foundations, contributions to higher educa¬ tion institutions, 4 : II : 54 French, degrees conferred, 1 : 72 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Furniture and equipment (higher education institutions), value, 4 : II : 134-147 G Gallaudet College, Federal funds for educa¬ tion, 1 : 20 Gaumnitz, Walter II., and others, Statistics of Local School Systems — Rural Counties, 1955-56, 3: IV: 1-168 Genetics, degrees conferred, 1 : 70 ; 4 : 1 : 94, 97 Geographic coverage, statistics of State school systems, 2 : 116 Geography, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : I : 99 Geometry (solid), suburban city school sys¬ tems, 1 : 54 ; 3 : II : 29 General science (advanced) in suburban city school systems, 1 : 54, 3 : II : 29 German, degrees conferred, 1 : 72 ; 4 : 1 : 99 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF Graduate students (higher institutions), en¬ rollment, 4 : I : 5, 7, 25, 48-49, 124-129, 142-143 Graduates : high school, 1 : 24, 30, 32 ; 2 : 3-14, 27, 54-55 organized occupational curriculums, 1 : 81-82 Grant, W. Vance, and others. Statistical Summary of Education : 1955-56, 1 : 1-96 Grants-in-aid to public libraries, 5 : 37, 92- 93 Guam, see entries under Outlying parts of the United States. Guidance personnel, public schools, 2 : 44-45, 88-89 H Harvey, Mary Anne, and others. Statistics of Local School Systems — Rural Counties, 1955-56, 3 : IV : 1-68 Hawaii, see entries under Outlying parts of the United States. Healing arts, degrees conferred, 4 : 1 : 95 Health : professions, degrees conferred, 1 :73 ; 4 : I: 99 services in school systems : city. 1 : 47 ; 3 : 1 : 40 rural, 3 : IV : 70 State, 2 : 48-49, 94-95 Herlihy, Lester B., and others: Statistics of Local School Systems — Staff, Pupils, and Finances : Cities, 1955-56, 3: 1: 1-250 Higher education, changing patterns, 4 : I i 17-18 Higher education institutions : enrollment, 4:1: 5-16, 18, 19, 21, 24- 26, 43-88, 114-149 fees (student), 4: II: 10, 13, 18, 29 39. 47 faculty. 4:1:6, 10-11, 14, 25, 27-41 historical development, 4:1: 4-9 income, 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 15-51, 57-58, 92-105, 120-133, 158-171 large ones, growth, 4 : 1 : 19 number and distribution, 4:1: 1-4, 20 ; 4 : II : 1-3 small ones, persistence, 4 : 1 : 23 summer sessions, 1 : 68 ; 4: I : 42-43, 45-47, 68-72, 83, 130-141 statistics requested by Office of Educa¬ tion, 1: 2 See also individual topics by name. High schools, see Catholic elementary and secondary schools, County-unit school sys¬ tems, Elementary and secondary schools (public). Nonpublic schools, Rural school systems, Secondary schools (public), and individual topics by name. Historical summary : civilian noninstitutional population, 1 2 12-13 public schools, 1 : 14-15, 23-36 ; 2 : 27- 29, 60 63 higher education institutions, 1 : 64-66 ; 4 : 1 : 6-8 ; 4 : II : 6-9 EDUCATION, 1954-56 History, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 ; 4 : 1 : 94, 101 Hobson, Carol Joy, and others. Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56, 2 : 1-140 Holladay, Doris C., and others. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56, 5 : 1-102 Home economics, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 95, 100 Horticulture, degrees conferred, 1 : 69 ; 4 2 I: 96 Hospital administration, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Hotel and restaurant administration, degrees conferred, 1:70:4:1:97 Hours of service, public libraries, 5 : 30-31, 80 Howard University, Federal funds for edu¬ cation, 1 : 20 I Income : higher education institutions, 1 : 15-16, 81-83; II: 6, 10, 13, 15-58, 92-105 labor force, per member, 1 : 25-26 ; 2 : 28, 90- 91 national and personal, defined, 2 : 118 per capita of total population, 1 : 25-26 ; 2: 107-109 personal, related to: educational attainment, 1 : 18-19 higher education expenditures, 4 : II : 58-60 public school expenditures, 1 : 38 public libraries, 5 : 11-14 Indebtedness : higher education institutions, for physi¬ cal plant, 4 : II : 148-157 State school systems, 2 : 25, 104-105 Indians, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20 Individual lessons (higher education) : enrollment, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 26, 67, 84-87, 130-135 faculty. 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 37, 112-113 Industrial relations, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 ; 4 : 1 : 102 Italian, degrees conferred, 1 : 72 ; 4 : I ' 99 Instructional staff : Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 25-26, 111-115 city school systems, 3:1: 12-15, 19-22, 36-133 county-unit school systems, 1 : 56, 58 ; 3 : III : 22, 39-65 higher education institutions ; 1 : 14 nonpublic schools, 2: 25-26, 111-115 public schools, historical summary, 1 : 24; 2: 27 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 37-44, 70- 155 State school systems, 2 : 5-7, 21-22, 44- 45, 88-91 Suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 35- 53, 130-131 Instruction expenditures : city school systems, 3:1: 23-26, 134- 239 INDEX 7 Instruction expenditures — Continued county-unit school systems, 1 : 57, 61 ; 3 : III : 16-18, 22, 39-90 State school systems, 2 : 20, 80-82 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 33, 54- 90, 130-131 Interest payments : city school systems, 1 : 48 ; 3 : 1 : 81- 33, 41 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57 ; 3 : III : 22 State school systems, 2 : 19-20, 24, 28, 80-82, 101-103 public schools, historical summary, 1 : 25 International educational activities in America : exchange programs, 1 : 94-95 Federal funds, 1 : 22 foreign students in higher education Institutions, 1 : 96 Intermediate administrative units : expenditures, 2 : 85-87 members, number, and staff, 2 : 3—4, 82- 33 Investment in physical plant (higher edu¬ cation institutions), 4: II: 134-147 J Japanese, degrees conferred, 1 : 72 ; 4 : I : 94, 99 Johnson, M. Clemens, and others. Statistics of Higer Education — Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1955-56, 4:1: 1-152 Journalism, degrees conferred, 1 : 72 ; 4:1: 98 Junior colleges : adult education courses, 4 : 1 : 34 enrollment, 1: 79; 4: I: 18, 25-26, 29-30, 45—47, 53, 55-72, 87 expenditures, 4 : II : 4, 68, 70, 73, 75-77, 79-80, 118-119, 156-157 faculty 4 : 1 : 29 32 35 40 Junds: annuity 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 170-171 endowment, 4 : II : 1, 13, 57, 84, 86, 170-171 income, 4 : II : 10-11, 104-105 librarians, 4 : 1 : 38 number, 4:1: 2-3, 20, 23, 54-67 payroll, 4 : II : 76 physical plant, finances, 4 : II : 11, 13, 55- 56, 77, 79, 82, 132-133 ; 156-157 property values, 4 : II : 11, 13 rural school systems, 3 : IY : 69 student loan funds, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 89, 170-171 summer session, 4 : 1 : 42 Junior high school teachers, 3 : II : 20-21 Junior instructional staff in higher educa¬ tion institutions, 1 : 78 ; 4:1: 10-11, 14, 83, 35 K Kahn, Gerald, and others. Statistics of Lo¬ cal School Systems — County Units, 1955- 56, 3 : III : 1-91 Kindergartens : city school systems, 1 : 45 ; 3 : 1 : 36 county-unit school systems, 1 : 56 ; 3 : III : 21 demonstration faculty in higher edu¬ cation classes, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 10-11, 14, 32, 36, 112-113 historical summary, 1 : 24 ; 2 : 10, 27 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 25-29, 68 State school systems, 2 : 46-47, 56-59, 111-115 suburban city school system, 3 : II : 10, 10-21 L. Laboratory or demonstration school : faculty, 1: 78, 4; I: 10, 11, 14, 32, 34, 36, 112-113 Land : higher education institutions, value, 4 : II: 134-147 State school systems, capital outlay, 2 : 98-99 Land-grant higher education Institutions, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20 ; 4: II : 10, 12, 18, 29-39 Law, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 100 Lewis, Justin C., and others. Statistics of Higher Education — Receipts, expendi¬ tures, and Property, 4 : II : 1-177 Liberal arts colleges : earned degrees, 4:1: 90-91 enrollment: 4:1: 25-2G, 45-47, 54- 72, 85 expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 66, 69, 71, 75- 77, 79-80, 114-115, 152>-153 faculty, 4 : 1 : 29, 35, 39 funds: annuity, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 166-167 endowment, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 84, 86, 166-167 Income, 4 : II : 10-11, 100-101 librarians, 4:1: 38 number, 4:1: 2-3, 20, 54-67 payroll, 4 : II : 76 physical plant, finances, 4 : II : 11, 13, 55-56, 77, 79-82, 128-129, 152-153 property values, 4 : II : 11, 13 student loan funds, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 87-89, 166-167 summer sessions, 4 : 1 : 42 Librarians : higher education institutions, 1: 78; 4:1: 10-11, 14, 33, 35, 38, 110-111 public libraries, 5: 33-36, 84-86, 87- 91, 94, 96 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 25-26 Library : city school systems, 1 : 47 ; 3 : 1 : 40, 135-239 higher education Institutions, 4 : II : 11, 13, 62, 66-73 rural school systems : 3 : IY : 70 See also Public libraries. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF Library science, degrees conferred, 1 : 74 ; 4 : I: 100 Loans : city school systems, 1 : 48 ; 3 : 1 : 31" 32, 41 higher education institutions: plant fund, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 54r-56 student, 1 : 86 ; 4 : II : 6, 10—11, 13, 19-21, 57, 87-89, 158-171 Local school districts, see Basic adminis¬ trative units. Local school systems, see City school sys¬ tems, County-unit school systems, Rural- county school systems, Suburban-city school systems, and individual topics by name. Local sources of revenue : city school systems, 1 : 46 ; 3 : 1 : 16- 19, 39 Continental United States, 1 : 32-34 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57 ; 3 : III: 22 higher education institutions, 1 : 16, 83 ; 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 29-39, 47, 54, 92- 105 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 64-66, 70 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 30- 32, 92-127 Lunch program : city school systems, 1 : 47 ; 3 : 1 : 40 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 70 State school systems, 2 : 14-15, 70-71, 74-77 Laboratory or demonstration school : faculty, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 10, 11, 14, 22, 34, 36, 112-113 Land : higher education institutions, value, 4 : II: 134-147 State school systems, capital outlay, 2 : 98-99 Land-grant higher education institutions, Federal funds for education, 1 : 20 ; 4 : II : 10, 12, 18, 29-39 Law, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 100 Lewis, Justin C., and others , Statistics of Higher Education — Receipts, Expendi¬ tures, and Property, 4 : II : 1-177 M Maintenance of school plant : city school systems, 3:1: 22—26, 40, 135-239 county-unit school systems, 1 : 61 ; 3 : III : 16-18, 22, 39-90 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 62, 70, 112-155 State school systems, 2 : 20, 80-82 Male enrollment (ages 5-34) in schools, 1: 12-13 Maps in public libraries : circulation, 5 : 70-71 stock, 5: 23-24 Master’s degree, 1 : 64, 67-75 ; 4 : 1:7, 23- 24, 26, 89-102, 144-149 Mathematics, degrees conferred, 1 : 74 ; 4 : 1 : 95, 100 EDUCATION, 1954-56 Medicine, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Men : higher education institutions: earned degrees, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 7, 23- 24, 26, 89-102 enrollment, 4 : 1 : 6, 24-26, 44-46, 48-49, 114-149 faculty, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 6, 11, 25, 29- 31, 39-40 teachers: city school systems, 3:1: 12-13, 36-38, 42-133 county-unit school systems, 1 : 59 ; 3 : III : 11-12 historical summary, 1 : 7, 14-15 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 21, 34-36, 71-111 State school systems, 2: 6-7, 27, 46-47 Mentally gifted children, 2 : II : 27 Mentally retarded children, 3 : II : 27 Merchant Marine, Federal funds for educa¬ tion, 1 : 21 Metallurgy, degrees conferred, 1 : 74 ; 4 : I : 95, 101 Metropolitan area, see Standard metropoli¬ tan area Miscellaneous stock in public libraries, 5 : 23-24, 27-28, 70-71 Music, degrees conferred, 1 : 72 ; 4 : 1 : 97, 94, 99 Musical instruments and scores circulated in public libraries, 5 : 28, 70-71 N National Advisory Committee for Aero¬ nautics, Federal funds for education, 1 : 22 National Science Foundation, Federal funds for education, 1 : 21-22 Negro higher education (institutions pre¬ dominantly Negro) : earned degrees, 1 : 89 ; 4 : 1 : 90 endowments, 1 : 90 ; 4 : II : 84, 86 enrollment, 1 : 88-89 ; 4 : 1 : 19, 21-22, 25-26, 42 expenditures, 1 : 90 ; 4 : II : 13-14, 75 fees from students, 1 : 90 ; 4 : II : 38-39 finances, 1 : 90 ; 4 : II : 12-15 income, 1 : 90 ; 4 : II : 13-57 librarians, 4 : I : 38 number of institutions, 4:1: 19-20, 22 ; 4 : II : 12 value of physical plant, 1 : 90 ; 4 : II : 82 Night school, city school systems, 1 : 45, 47 ; 3:1: 14-16, 27-28, 38, 40 Nonexpendable funds, higher education in¬ stitutions, 4 : II : 1, 11, 57, 82-84 Nonpublic schools : enrollment, 2: 25-26, 111-115 instructional staff, 2 : 111-115 number, 1 : 4-5 statistics requested by Office of Educa¬ tion, 1 : 2 transported pupils, number, 2 : 70-71 See also Catholic elementary and secondary schools. INDEX 9 Nonrevenue receipts : city school systems, 1 : 46 ; 3 : 1 : 39 State school systems, 2 : 18-19, 78-79 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 92-127 Nonsectarian schools, see Nonpublic schools. Nonsupervisory staff, city school systems, 3 : I: 42-238 Non veteran college students, 4:1:8, 79-80 Nursery schools (public) : enrollment, 2 : 27, 46—47 historical summary, 1 : 24 Nurses in public schools, 2 : 48—49 Nursing : degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 schools not affiliated with colleges and universities, 1 : 4—5 O Oceanography, degrees conferred, 1 : 74 ; 4 : 1 : 94, 101 Optometry, degrees conferred, 1: 70; 4: I: 95, 99 l-teacher public schools, number, 2 : 14, 37, 42-43 Operation of school plant, expenditures : county-unit school systems, 1 : 61 ; 3 : III : 16-18, 22, 39-90 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 62, 70, 112-155 State school systems, 2: 20, 80-82 Organized occupational curriculums, 1 : 80- 82 Organized research in higher education institutions : expenditures, 4 : II : 63-64, 66-73 faculty, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 10-11, 14, 34-35. 112-113 Federal funds, 4 : II ; 10, 12, 18, 29-39, 92-105 “Other” professional schools : earned degrees, 4 : 1 : 90 enrollment, 4:1: 25-26, 45—47, 54-72, 87 expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 68, 70, 73, 75, 77, 79-80 faculty, 4:1: 35, 40 librarians, I : 4 : 38 number, 4:1: 2-3, 20, 54-67 summer sessions, 4 : 1 : 112 Outlying parts of the United States : higher education institutions, 4 : 1 : 3, 23-24, 80, 93, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139. 141, 143, 145, 147, 149 : 4 : II : 3, 15, 24-26, 60, 91, 97, 99, 101, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 147, 149, 151, 153, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167 public libraries, 5 : 46-49, 51, 53, 54, 67, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 94-97 public schools, 1 : 5, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71. 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 87, 89, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 103, 105, 106. 109. Ill P Parochial schools, see Catholic elementary and secondary schools. Part-time education : adult, Americanization, night, and con¬ tinuation (city school systems), 3: 14-16, 22-25, 27-28, 38, 40 resident undergraduate, 4:1: 56-57 Pathology, degrees, conferred, 1 : 70 ; 4 : I : 94, 97 Percentange analysis, higher education insti¬ tutions : expenditures, 4 : II : 59-60, 66-74 income, 4 : II : 27-37, 54 Permanent funds, revenue receipts from State sources, 2 : 74—77 Personal income, national per capita average, 3:1:19 Pharmacology, degrees conferred, 1 : 70 ; 4 : I: 94 Pharmacy, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Philosophy, degrees conferred, 1: 74; 4: I: 101 Photographs in public libraries : circulation, 5 : 70-71 stock, 5 : 23-24 Pictures in public libraries : circulation, 5 : 70-71 stock, 5 : 23-24 Physical education, degrees conferred, 1 : 71 ; 4 : 1 : 97 Physicians in public schools, 2 : 48-49 Physical plant : city school systems, expenditures 1 : 47 : 3:1: 22-26 40, 135-239 higher education institutions: debt reduction, 4 : II : 148-157 expenditures, 4 : II : 1, 11, 13, 62, 66-74, 79-80 receipts, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 50-51, 54-56, 120-133 value, 1 : 86 ; 4 : II : 7, 11, 13, 81-82, 134-147 State school systems, personnel, 2 : 50- 51 suburban city school systems, expendi¬ tures, 3 : II : 33, 54-90, 130-131 Physics : degrees conferred, 1 : 74 ; 4 : 1 : 101 suburban city school systems, 1 : 54 ; 3 : II : 29-30 Political science, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 ; 4 : 1 : 101 Population : civilian noninstitutional (ages 5— 34) en¬ rolled in schools, 1 : 12-13 college age, 4 : II : 5-9 5-17, historical summary, 1 : 13 school-age and total, 2 : 7-9, 27, 52-53, 62-63 Postgraduate students in public high schools, 2: 10-11, 27, 56-59 Principals : city school systems: number, 1 : 44 ; 3 : 1 : 36-38, 42-133 ratio to teachers. 3 : 1 : 14 salaries, 3:1: 19-22, 40, 134-238 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF Principals — Continued historical summary, 1 : 25 ; 2 : 6, 27 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 70-155 State school systems, 2 : 44—45, 88-89 Private gifts and grants to higher education institutions, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 17- 21, 29-39, 47, 92-105 Privately controlled higher education insti¬ tutions : enrollment, 1 : 6, 79, 88-89 ; 4 : 1 : 25- 26, 48-49, 53-76, 84-87, 122-123, 128-129, 134-135, 140-143, 148-149 expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 71-73, 75, 77, 79-80, 110-111 faculty, 1 : 14 ; 4 : 32, 35, 39-42, 106- 113 funds: annuity, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 162-163 endowment, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 84, 86, 162-163 income, 1 : 15-16 ; 4 : II : 10-11, 96-97 number, 1 : 4-5 ; 4 : 1 : 2-3, 20, 54-67 payroll, 4 : II : 76 physical plant, finances, 4 : II : 11, 13, 55-56, 77, 79-82, 124-125, 148-157 property values, 4 : II : 11, 13 student loan funds, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 87-89, 162-163 summer sessions, 4 : 1 : 42 Property : city school systems, 3 : 1 : 35, 41 higher education institutions, 1 : 85-86 ; 4 : II : 7, 11, 13, 80-87 Psychological personnel in State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 44-45, 88-89 Psychologists in suburban city school sys¬ tems, 3 : II : 25, 26 Psychology, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 ; 4 : I : 95, 101 Public elementary and secondary schools, see Elementary and secondary schools (pub¬ lic). Public health, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Public libraries : agencies, 5 : 8, 47 Bookmobiles, 5 : 9, 29-30, 76-79 Books: circulation, 5 : 24-27, 68, 90-91, 95, 97 stock, 5 : 21-23, 62-65, 90-91, 94, 96 borrowers, 5 : 31-33, 81-83 definition, 5 : 2-3, 5 expenditures, 5 : 14-21, 54-61, 92-93, 95, 97 grants-in-aid (State), 5 : 37, 92-93 hours of service, 5 : 30-31, 80 income and endowment, 5 : 11-14 miscellaneous stock, 5 : 23-24, 27-28, 66-67, 70-71 questionnaires, 5 : 3-6, 99-102 reference services, 5 : 28, 72-75 staff, 5 : 33-36, 84-86, 87-91, 94, 96 State agencies, 5 : 36-38, 90-93 statistical summary, 1956 vs. 1950, 5 : 43-44 EDUCATION, 1954-56 Public libraries — Continued statistics requested by Office of Educa¬ tion, 1 : 2 summaries , 1949-50 and 1955—56: financial statistics, 1 : 93 general statistics, 1 : 93 systems : number and distribution, 5 : 6-11; 18-21, 45-46, 48-71, 80-89 under local boards of education, 2 : 94- 95 work week, 5 : 36, 87 working conditions, 5 : 36 Publicly controlled higher education insti¬ tutions : enrollment, 1 : 6, 79, 88-89 ; 4 : 1 : 25- 26, 48-49, 53-76, 84-87, 120-121, 126-127, 132-133, 138-139, 142-143, 146-147 expenditures, 4 : II, 11, 68-70, 75-77, 79-80, 108-109 faculty, 1 : 14 ; 4 : 1 : 32, 35, 39-42, 108-113, 115-116 funds : annuity, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 160-161 endowment, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 84, 86, 160-161 income, 1: 15-16; 4: II: 10-11, 94-95 number, 1 : 4-5 ; 4 : 1 : 2-3, 20, 54-67 payroll, 4 : II : 76 physical plant, finances, 4 : II : 11, 13, 55-56, 77, 79-82, 122-123, 136-137, 148-157 property values, 11, 13 student loan funds, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 87-89, 160-161 summer sessions, 4:1:42 Public schools, see City school systems, County-unit school systems, Elementary and secondary schools (public), Elemen¬ tary schools (public), Secondary schools (public). Public secondary schools, see Secondary schools (public). Puerto Rico, see entries under Outlying parts of the United States. Pupils, see Enrollment. Pupil-teacher ratio : city school systems, 3 : 1 : 11* 36-38 continental United States, 1 : 41 county-unit school systems, 1: 58, 62i; 3 : III : 10, 12-15 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 30-33, 36- 44 State school systems, 2 : 12-13 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 15-17, 128 o, Questionnaire sent to : city school systems, 3:1: 240-250 higher education institutions, 4 : II : 172-177 public libraries, 5 : 99-102 rural county school systems, 3 : IV : 158-168 State school systems, 2: 119^-140 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 132-146 INDEX 11 R Receipts : all educational levels, 1 : 15-16 higher education institutions, 1 : 83, 4 : II : 6, 13, 15-58 See also County sources of revenue, Federal sources of revenue, Finances, Local sources of revenue, Nonrevenue receipts, Revenue receipts, State sources of revenue. Recordings in public libraries : circulation, 5 : 70-71 stock, 5 : 23-24, 27-28 Recreational-activities personnel in State school systems, 2 : 48-49 Reference services in public libraries, 5 : 28, 72-75 Reiser, Emanuel and others. Statistics of Local School Systems — Rural Counties, 1955-56, 3 : IV : 1-68 Religion, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 ; 4 : 1 : 101 Residence and dining hall finances of higher education institutions, 4 : II : 49, 92-119 Resident enrollment, 4 : 1 : 8, 18-21, 24-26, 43-88, 118-129 Residential schools for exceptional children, teachers, 1:14 Retention rates (5th grade — college en¬ trance), 1 : 7, 13 Revenue receipts : city school systems, 3:1: 16-19, 39 continental United States, historical summary, 1 : 25, 32-33 ; 2 : 28 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57, 61 ; 3 : III : 15, 22 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 63-66, 70 State school systems, 2 : 16-19, 72-77 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 31, 92-127 Revenue sources, see County sources of rev¬ enue, Federal sources of revenue, Local sources of revenue, State sources of revenue Rice, Mabel C., and others: Statistics of Higher Education — Fac¬ ulty, Students, and Degrees, 1955-56, 4:1: 1-152 Statistics of Higher Education — Re¬ ceipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56, 4 : II : 1-177 Roman Catholic schools, see Catholic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools. Romance languages, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Rounding of figures in State school system statistics, 2:116 Ruralness of counties, method of determin¬ ing, 3 : IV : 4-17 Rural education characteristics, 3 : IV : 1-2 Rural school systems : comparative summary, 3 : IV : 68-69 number, 3 : IV : 71-111 pupil percentages compared with those of cities and States, 3 : IV : 22-23, 28-29 selection for survey, 3 : IV : 2-11 See also individual topics by name. Russian, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 S Salary : adult education, community college, and summer schools (all public), 2 : 96-97 city school systems, 1 : 47 ; 3 : 1 : 19-22, 39-40, 134-238 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57 ; 3 : III: 17 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 22- 23, 33, 54-90, 129-131 See also Average annual salary of in¬ structional staff. Sales-and-service income of higher education institutions, 4 : II : 47 Sampling, city school systems, 3:1: 4-5 Schick, Frank L. and others. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56, 5 : 1-102 Schloss, Samuel, and others. Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56, 2 : 1-140 Scholarships, fellowships, and prizes In higher education institutions, 4 : II : 92- 119 Schoolhousing, number of instructional rooms, 1 : 41 School districts : number, 1 : 3-6, 23, 28 ; 3 : IV : 45 rural counties, 3 : IV : 45-51 School library, see Library. School lunch program, see Lunch program. School property, see Capital outlay, Physical plant, Property, Value. Schoolyear, see Average length of school year. Schools, see City school systems, County- unit schools systems, Elementary and secondary schools (public), Kindergartens, Nonpublic schools, Rural school systems, Secondary schools (public), and individual topics by name. Secondary education, degrees conferred, 1 : 71 ; 4 : 1 : 98 Secondary schools (public) : average daily attendance, 3 : 1 : 37, 42- 133 capital outlay, 2 : 100 enrollment, 2 : 9-11, 27, 52-53, 56-59 ; 3 : 1 : 37, 42-133 graduates, 2 : 13-14, 27, 54-55 historical summary, 2 : 27-29 number, 2 : 42-43 ; 3 : 1 : 37, 42-133 ; 3 : III: 21 principals, 2 : 44-45 ; 3 : 1 : 37, 42-133 rural counties, 3 : IV : 68-69 summer session, 2 : 68-69 supervisors, 2 : 44-45 ; 3 : 1 : 37, 42-133 teachers, 2 : 44-47 ; 3 : I : 37, 42-133 ; 3 : II : 18-21, 35-53, 128 Second-level degree, 4:1:7, 23-24, 26, 96- 102, 144-149 Secretarial and clerical personnel, public schools, 2 : 50-51 Secretarial studies, degrees, conferred, 1 : 70; 4 : 1 : 95, 97 Short courses in higher education Institu¬ tions : enrollment, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 26, 66, 84-87, 130-135 faculty, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 37, 112-113 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF Sinking funds : city school systems, 3:1: 31-33, 41 State school systems, 2 : 101-103 Sites : city school systems, 1 : 48 ; 3 : 1 : 40-41 State school systems, 2 : 106 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 92-109 Six major current expenditure accounts, 3 : I: 135-239 Size of class, suburban city school systems, 1 : 53 ; 3 : II : 13-16 Slavic languages, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Slides in public libraries : circulation, 5 : 70-71 stock, 5 : 24, 27-28 Smith, Rose Marie, and others , Statistical Summary of Education : 1955-56, 1 : 1-96 Social sciences, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 ; 4 : I: 101 Sociology, degrees conferred, 1 : 75 ; 4 : I : 101 Spanish, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Staff: city school systems, 1 : 47 ; 3 : 1 : 6-7, 12-15, 36-133; 3 : IV : 36-44, 70 county-unit school systems, 1 : 56, 58 ; 3 : III : 8-15, 21 public libraries, 5 : 33-36, 84-86, 87-91, 94, 96 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 36—44, 71- 111 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 25- 26, 35-53 Standard metropolitan area : definition and history, 3 : II : 2, 147- 148 locations, 3 : II : 8-9 State boards of education, see Boards of edu¬ cation (State). State departments of education : expenditures, 2 : 83—84 number and size, 2 : 3, 30-31 State sources of revenue : city school systems, 1 : 46 ; 3 : 1 : 16-19, 39 county-unit school systems, 1 : 57 ; 3 : III : 22 higher education institutions, 1 : 16, 83 ; 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 29-39, 47, 54, 92-105 public schools, historical summary, 1 : 32-33 State sources, revenue receipts : rural school systems, 3 : IV : 64-66, 70 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 92-127 Statistical Summary of Education : 1955-56 (Smith and others), 1 : 1-96 Statistics of Higher Education — Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1955-56 (Badger and others) : 4 : 1 : 1—152 Statistics of Higher Education — Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56, (Badger and others), 4 : II : 1-177 Statistics of Local School Systems — County Units, 1955-56 (Kahn and others), 3 : III : 1-91 EDUCATION, 1954-56 Statistics of Local School Systems — Rural Counties, 1955—56 (Gaumnitz and others), 3 : IV : 1-68 Statistics of Local School Systems — Staff, Pupils, and Finances : Cities, 1955-56 (Herlihy and others), 3:1: 1-250 Statistics of Local School Systems — Subur¬ ban Cities: 1955-56 (Williams and others), 3 : II : 1-156 Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56 (Vainstein and others), 5 : 1-102 Statistics of State School Systems : Organi¬ zation, Staff, Pupils and Finances, 1955- 56 (Schloss, Hobson, and Foster), 2: 1- 140 Student aid (higher education institutions) : expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 13, 66-73 income, 1 : 83 ; 4 : II : 6, 10, 13, 16, 19- 20, 29-30, 50, 52-53, 92-105 Student enrollment, see Enrollment. Substandard certificate (public school teach¬ ers), 1 : 41 Suburban cities : definition, 1 : 53 ; 3 : II : 3-5 names, 3 : 149-155 school systems, number, 3 : II : 6-7 Suburban counties, location, 3 : II : 7-9 Summary, see Historical summary. Summer school : city school systems, 1 : 45, 47 ; 3 : 1 : 15- 16, 22-25, 29, 38, 40 county-unit school systems, 1 : 56, 58 ; 3 : III : 19, 21 rural school system, 3 : IV : 69 State school systems : enrollment and employed personnel, 2: 68—69 expenditures, 2 : 19-20, 80-82, 96- 97 Summer session in higher education institu¬ tions : enrollment, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 43, 45-47, 68- 72, 83, 130-141 faculty, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 10-14, 29-30, 41 Superintendents of city school systems, 1 : 44 ; 3 : 1 : 36 Supervisors in public schools : city school systems, 1 : 44 ; 3 : 1 : 14, 19-22, 36-38, 40, 42, 134-138 historical summary, public schools, 1 : 25 ; 2 : 27 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 70-155 State school systems, 2 : 88-89 Supplies, expenditures : city school systems, 1 : 47 ; 3 : 1 : 39—40, 134-238 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 70 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 33, 54-90 definition, 1 : 7 Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 112-113 city school systems, 3:1: 36-38, 42- 133 INDEX 13 Teachers — Continued men, 2 : 6-7, 46-47 ; 3 : 1 : 12-13, 36, 38, 42-133; 3 : II : 18-21, 128 public schools, since 1929, lj: 14 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 69 State school systems, 2 : 5-7, 44-47, 88-89 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 17-26, 29, 128-129 women, 2 : 46-47 ; 3 : 1 : 12-13, 36, 38, 42r-133 ; 3 : II : 18-21, 128 Teachers colleges : earned degrees, 4:1: 90-91 enrollment, 4:1: 25-26, 45-47, 54-72, 85 expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 67, 69, 72, 75- 77, 79-80, 116-117, 154-155 faculty, 4:1: 35, 39 funds : annuity, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 168-169 endowment, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 84, 86, 168-169 income, 4 : II : 10-11, 102-103 librarians, 4 : 1 : 38 number, 4:1: 2-3, 20, 54-67 payroll, 4 : II : 76 physical plant, finances, 4 : II : 11, 13, 55-56, 77, 79-82, 130-131, 154-155 property values, 4 : II : 11* 13 student loan funds, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 87-89, 168-169 summer sessions, 4:1:42 Technological schools : earned degrees, 4:1: 90-91 enrollment, 4:1: 45-47, 54-72, 86 expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 67, 70, 75-77, 79-80 faculty, 4 : 1 : 35, 39 funds: annuity, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57 endowment, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 84, 86 income, 4 : II : 10-11 librarians, 4 : 1 : 38 number, 4:1: 2-3, 20, 54-67 payroll, 4 : II : 76 physical plant, finances, 4 : II : 11, 13, 55-56, 77, 79-82 property values, 4 : II 76 student loan funds, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 87-89 summer sessions, 4 : 1 : 42 Tennessee Valley Authority, Federal funds for education, 1 : 22 Terminal occupational education in colleges : enrollment, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 26, 60, 84-87, 118-123 faculty, 4 : 1 : 37 Textbooks, see Books. Theological schools : earned degrees, 4:1: 90-91 enrollment, 4:1: 25-26, 29-30, 45-47, 54-72, 86-87 expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 67, 72, 75-77, 79-80 faculty, 4:1: 35, 39 Theological schools — Continued funds : annuity, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57 endowment, 4 : II : 11, 57, 84, 86 Income, 4 : II : 10-11 librarians, 1 : 4 : 38 number, 4:1: 2-3, 20, 54r-67 payroll, 4 : II : 76 physical plant, finances, 4 : II : 11, 13, 55-56, 77, 79-82 property values, 4 : II : 11, 13 student loan funds, 4 : II : 11, 57, 87- 89 summer sessions, 4 : 1:42 Theology, degrees conferred, 4 : 1 : 95 Trade and industrial training, degrees con¬ ferred, 4:1: 102 Transportation of pupils : city school systems, 1 : 47 ; 3 : 1 : 22-26, 40, 135-239 county-unit school systems, 3 : III : 16-18, 22, 39-90 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 59-63, 70, 112-155 State school systems, 2 : 33, 50-51, 70- 71, 94-95 Trigonometry in suburban city school sys¬ tems, 1 : 54 ; 3 : II : 29 Tuition and fees in higher education insti¬ tutions, median annual, 4 : II : 39 U Unadjusted dollars, applied to city school systems, annual current expenditures, 3 : 1 : 26-27 United States service academies : enrollment, 4:1: 104—109, 114—149 expenditures, 4 : II : 107, 109 faculty, 4:1: 104-113 income, 4 : II : 93, 95, 120, 122 number, 4 : 1 : 3 ; 4 : II : 3 physical plant, finances, 4 : II : 135, 137, 149 Universities : earned degrees, 4:1: 90-91 enrollment, 4:1: 25-26, 45-47, 54-72, 84-85 expenditures, 4 : II : 11, 66, 69, 71, 75— 77, 79-80, 112-113, 150-151 faculty, 4 : 1 : 29, 35, 39, 104-113 funds: annuity, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 164-165 endowment, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 84, 86, 164r-165 income, 4 : II : 10-11, 98-99 librarians, 4 : 1 : 38 number, 4:1: 2-3, 20, 54-67 payroll, 4 : II : 76 physical plant finances, 4 : II : 11, 13, 55-56, 77, 79-82, 126-127, 150-151 property values, 4 : II : 11. 13 student loan funds, 4 : II : 11, 13, 57, 87-89, 164-165 summer sessions, 4:1:42 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 V Vainstein, Rose, and others. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56, 5: 1-102 Value : physical plant, higher education insti¬ tutions, 1: 65, 86; 4: II: 1, 7, 11, 13, 134-147 property, public schools: city systems, 1 : 49 ; 3 : 1 : 35, 41 historical summary, 1 : 25 State systems, 2 : 24-25, 28, 106 Vehicles for pupil transportation, 2 : 70-71 Veterans average enrollment In various educa¬ tional programs, 1945-1955, 1 : 91 enrollment in college courses: Korean Conflict, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 77, 79-80, 142-143 World War II, 1 : 68, 4 : I, 77, 79- 80 Federal contributions : higher education, 1 :83 ; 4 : II : 10, 13, 18, 29-39, 92-105 vocational education, 1 : 92 Veterans Administration, Federal funds for education, 1 : 21 Veterinary medicine, degrees conferred, 1 : 73 ; 4 : 1 : 99 Virgin Islands : Federal funds for education, 1 : 20 See also entries under Outlying parts of the United States. Visiting teachers in State school systems, 2 : 50-51 Vocational education : college faculty, 4 : 1 : 10-11, 14, 34, 112-113 Federal aid, 1 : 42-43 ; 2 : 74-77 W Wages : city school systems, 3:1: 134-238 suburban city school systems, 3 : II : 130-131 Wilhoite, Mary M., and others. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56, 5 : 1-102 Williams, Joel and others; Statistics of Local School Systems — County Units, 1955-56, 3 : III : 1-91 Statistics of Local School Systems — Staff, Pupils, and Finances: Cities, 1955-56, 3:1: 1-250 Statistics of Local School Systems — Suburban Cities, 1955-56, 3: II: 1- 156 Women : higher education institutions: earned degrees, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 7, 23- 24, 26, 89-102 enrollment, 4 : 1 : 6, 24-26, 44r-46, 48—49, 114-149 faculty, 1 : 78 ; 4 : 1 : 6, 11, 25, 29- 31, 39-40 teachers: city school systems, 3:1: 12,-13, 36-38, 42-133 county-unit school systems, 1 : 59 ; 3 : III : 12 public schools since 1929, 1 : 14 rural school systems, 3 : IV : 71— 111 State school systems, 2 : 27, 46-47 Working conditions, public libraries, 5 : 36 Work week, public libraries, 5 : 36, 87 Y Year, see Average length of school year. z Zoology, degrees conferred, 1 : 69 ; 4 : 1 : 96 O OE 10003 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1954-56 Statistical Summary 0K Education: 1955-56 l .S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, ANO WELFARE • Office of Education Highlights Enrollment The 150,000 public and nonpublic schools in the United States reported a total of 39 million persons enrolled at all educational levels (elementary, secondary, and higher education) in 1955-56. Approxi¬ mately one person in every four of the population was in school. High School Graduates Public and nonpublic high schools in the United States graduated 1,400,000 persons in 1955-56, a number equal to 62 of each 100 per¬ sons 17 years of age. Teachers There were 1,500,000 teachers in 1955-56, one-third of whom were men. Receipts In 1955-56, receipts of both publicly and privately controlled edu¬ cational institutions at all levels (kindergarten through the university) amounted to $18.3 billion. Government sources (Federal, State, and local) accounted for 93 percent of the receipts of publicly controlled institutions, and for 7 percent of the privately controlled institutions (almost entirely for higher education). Expenditures Educational institutions at all levels, both publicly and privately controlled, expended $16.8 billion during the year 1955-56. Public institutions expended 79 percent of the total, and private institutions, 21 percent. Public and private elementary and secondary schools expended 75 percent of the total, and institutions of higher education, 25 percent. Average Salary The average annual salary per member of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary schools was $4,156 during the school year 1955-56. This was $444, or 10 percent, less than the personal income per member of the labor force ($4,600). Federal Funds for Education The Federal Government expended $1.8 billion in 1955-56 for ap¬ proximately 100 programs in education. Higher education programs accounted for 55 percent of the total, and elementary and secondary programs, for 31 percent. Other programs included adult education, inservice training of Federal civilian personnel, education of merchant marine and military personnel for defense, research in educational institutions, and international education. OE-10003 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 Statistical Summary 0F Education: 1955 Chapter 1 Rose Marie Smith, Educational Statistician, and W. Vance Grant, Research Statistician, prepared this chapter under the general direction of Louis II. Conger, Jr., Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections Section DEPARTMENT CF EAH3, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE LIBRARY DEC 1 41959 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education, Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1954-56: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems: Organiza¬ tion, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56. Chapter 3. Statistics of Local School Systems: Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56. Section I. City School Systems. Section II. Suburban School Systems. Section III. County-Unit School Systems. Section IV. Rural School Systems. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education, 1955-56. Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property. Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1959 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.O. - Price 45 cents Foreword HE “Statistical Summary of Education”, which con- 1 stitutes chapter I of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , is the basic publication serving persons who want an abstract of general purpose educational sta¬ tistics, from the kiudergarten through higher education, for both publicly and privately controlled schools. It also provides a general orientation for those who wdsh to go further into the detailed chapters, or to consult other sources. The “Statistical Summary” consists of (1) a resume of the individual chapters of the Biennial Survey of Education , (2) data from other pertinent sources, both governmental and nongovernmental, and (3) estimates necessary to present a conspectus of educational statistics. Among the new features of this chapter is the more com¬ plete coverage of statistics of local school systems. In 1955-56, for the first time, chapter 3 of the Biennial Survey of Education included surveys of suburban city school sys¬ tems, of county-unit school systems, and of local school systems in rural counties, in addition to the statistics of city school systems which has been a part of the Biennial Survey of Education for many years. Another innovation is the inclusion of tables which relate educational expenditures to personal income and to national income. Expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools are shown as a percent of personal income for each State; and total expenditures for both publicly and privately controlled education from the elementary level through higher education are related to national income in a his¬ torical series, biennially from 1929-30 to 1955-56. The Biennial Survey of Education is essentially a coopera¬ tive effort by which the Office of Education collects, analyzes, and publishes basic statistics in education from kinder¬ garten through university. It is a pleasure to express ap¬ preciation to the school superintendents, principals, teachers, business officers, librarians, registrars, and others wTho have made a contribution, directly or indirectly, to the present “Statistical Summary.” Herbert S. Conrad, Director , Educational Statistics Branch Roy M. Hall, Assistant Commissioner for Research m Contents Text Page Foreword _ hi Introduction _ 1 Organization of Data _ 3 Education in Broad Range _ 3 Number of schools and administrative units _ 3 Enrollment _ 6 School retention rates _ 7 Teachers _ 7 Receipts _ 15 Expenditures _ 15 Educational attainment related to individual income _ 18 Federal funds for education _ 20 Elementary and Secondary Education _ 23 Historical summary _ 23 Number of schools and administrative units _ 23 Enrollment _ 28 High school graduates _ 30 Transportation of pupils _ 32 Finances of public elementary and secondary schools _ 32 Selected data on State school systems _ 37 Fall survey of enrollment, teachers, and schoolhousing _ 40 Federally aided vocational education _ 42 Local school systems _ 43 Statistics of city school systems _ 43 Statistics of suburban city school systems _ 53 Statistics of county-unit school systems _ 55 Statistics of rural county schools _ 55 Higher Education _ 63 General trends _ 63 Students and degrees _ 67 Engineering enrollments and degrees _ 76 Staff _ 78 Junior colleges _ 79 Organized occupational curriculums _ 80 Income _ 81 Expenditures _ 84 Property _ 85 v VI CONTENTS Higher Education — Continued Page Institutions attended predominantly by Negro students- _ 86 Outlying parts of the United States _ 87 Veterans’ training programs _ 87 Public Libraries _ 92 International Educational Activities _ 94 Tables 1. Number and type of statistical reports requested periodi¬ cally by the Office of Education _ 2 2. Number of local basic administrative units (school dis¬ tricts), and number of schools of specified types, by State: 1955-56 _ 4 3. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 8 4. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruc¬ tion, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1899-1900 to 1955-56 _ 10 5. Enrollment of the civilian noninstitutional population 5 to 34 years old, by age and by sex, in public and private schools and colleges: Continental United States, urban and rural, October 1955 _ 12 6. Retention rates, fifth grade through college entrance, in public and nonpublic schools : Continental United States, 1924-25 to 1955-56 _ 13 7. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 14 8. Receipts of educational institutions, by source, by type of control, and by level of instruction: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 16 9. Expenditures for education, including capital outlay, by level of instruction, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 17 10. National income related to total expenditures for education: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56- _ _ 18 11. Distribution of persons 14 years of age and over, by total money income, by years of school completed, and by sex: Continental United States, 1956 _ 19 CONTENTS VII Page 12. Trends in Federal support for education, by classification of programs: 1948-49 to 1955-56 _ 20 13. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 _ 24 14. Number of local basic administrative units (school dis¬ tricts), and number of public and nonpublic elementary and secondary schools: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 28 15. Enrollment, by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, 1944-45 to 1955-56 _ 29 16. Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools, and population 14-17 years of age: Continental United States, 1889-90 to 1955-56 _ 30 17. Retention rates, ninth grade through high school gradua¬ tion, in public and nonpublic schools: Continental United States, 1928-29 to 1955-56 _ 31 18. Number of high school graduates compared with popula¬ tion 17 years of age: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 _ 32 19. Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense and expenditures for transportation : Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 33 20. Total revenue receipts of public school systems, and per¬ centage distribution, by source: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 33 21. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and sec¬ ondary education, by purpose: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 35 22. Average annual salary per member of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary schools, and personal income per member of labor force, in unadjusted dollars and in stable dollars (1955-56 purchasing power) : Con¬ tinental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 36 23. Personal income, 1955, related to total expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools, by State: 1955-56 _ _ _ 38 24. Expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance, and average annual salary of total instructional staff in public elementary and secondary schools, by State: 1955-56.- 39 vm CONTENTS Page 25. Comparative statistics on enrollment, teachers, and school¬ housing in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, Fall 1954 and 1955. 41 26. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program: Continental United States, 1936-37 to 1955-56. 42 27. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of class and type of program: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 42 28. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for voca¬ tional education: Continental United States, 1936-37 to 1955-56 _ 43 29. Comparative summary of general statistical data of public school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, by size of city: 1955-56 _ 44 30. Comparative summary of financial data of public school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, by size of city: 1955-56 _ 46 31. Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance in full-time day schools in city school systems, by size of city, and comparative data on national per capita personal income in the United States: 1939-40 to 1955-56 _ 50 32. Average annual current expenditure and range of expendi¬ ture per pupil in average daily attendance in 475 city school systems, by region, and by size of city: 1955-56. 51 33. Comparative summary of general and financial data of public school systems in suburban cities, by size of city: 1955-56 _ 52 34. Percentage distribution of size of class in suburban city school systems, by size of city: 1955-56 _ 53 35. Percent of suburban city school systems offering selected secondary courses, by size of city: 1955-56 _ 54 36. Percentage distribution of years of experience of teachers in public schools in suburban city school systems, by level of school, and by size of city: 1955-56 _ 54 37. Comparative summary of general statistical data of county-unit public school systems, by size of county: 1955-56 _ 56 38. Comparative summary of financial data of county-unit public school systems, by size of county: 1955-56 _ 57 CONTENTS IX Page 39. Selected characteristics of schools, pupils, and staff, in county-unit public school systems, by size of county: 1955-56 _ 58 40. Comparative summary of general statistical data for public schools in 1,199 rural counties in 38 States, by degree of ruralness: 1955-56 _ 59 41. Comparative summary of financial data for public schools of 1,199 rural counties in 38 States, by degree of rural¬ ness: 1955-56 _ 61 42. Selected data on schools, pupils, teachers, and finances for groups of rural counties and large cities in 38 States: 1955-56 _ 62 43. Selected data on public school systems in rural counties and in cities, by size of city: 1955-56 _ 63 44. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances, institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 _ 64 45. Population and resident enrollment in institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 _ 66 46. Enrollment and degrees in institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1955-56 and 1953-54 _ 68 47. Earned degrees, by level, by field of study, and by sex of recipient: Continental United States and outlying parts, 1955-56 _ 69 48. Fall enrollment and earned degrees conferred in engineer¬ ing, by level: Continental United States and outlying parts, 1949-50 to 1955-56 _ 76 49. Fall enrollment of undergraduate students, and first de¬ grees conferred in engineering, by curriculum: Continen¬ tal United States and outlying parts, 1955-56 _ 77 50. Faculty in institutions of higher education, by type of position, and by control of institution: Continental United States, November 1955 and summer sessions of 1955 _ 78 51. Resident enrollment in junior colleges: Continental United States, 1917-18 to November 1955 _ 79 X CONTENTS Page 52. Number of graduates of organized occupational curric- ulums reported by 660 institutions of higher education, by type of curriculum: Continental United States and outlying parts, 1955-56 _ 81 53. Number of graduates, by sex, of organized occupational curriculums reported by 660 institutions of higher edu¬ cation, by control and type of institution: Continental United States and outlying parts, 1955-56 _ 82 54. Income of institutions of higher education, by source, and by control of institution: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 83 55. Percentage distribution of educational and general income of institutions of higher education, by source, and by control of institution: Continental United States, 1955- 56 _ 83 56. Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by pur¬ pose, and by control of institution: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 84 57. Percentage distribution of educational and general ex¬ penditures of institutions of higher education, by pur¬ pose, and by control of institution: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 85 58. Value of physical plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds of institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 86 59. Faculty and students, November 1955, and degrees con¬ ferred, 1955-56, institutions of higher education attended predominantly by Negro students: Continental United States _ 88 60. Finances of institutions of higher education attended predominantly by Negroes: Continental United States, 1955-56 _ 90 61. Faculty, students, and degrees, institutions of higher. education: outlying parts of the United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 91 62. Average number of veterans enrolled in various educational programs in the 5 months from October to March: 1945-46 to 1955-56 _ 91 63. Federal funds expended for vocational rehabilitation and for education and training of veterans: 1943-44 to 1955-56 _ 92 CONTENTS XI Page 64. Summary of general statistics of public libraries: Conti¬ nental United States, 1949-50 and 1955-56 _ 93 65. Summary of financial statistics of public libraries: Conti¬ nental United States, 1949-50 and 1955-56 _ 93 66. Number of participants in educational exchange programs: 1951-52 to 1955-56 _ 95 67. Number of participants in educational exchange programs, by type: 1955-56 _ 95 68. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institu¬ tions of higher education: 1948-49 to 1955-56 _ 96 Illustration Chart _ 37 Statistical Summary of Education 1955-56 Introduction The Biennial Survey of Education in the United States is comprised of a series of statistical reports, organized as separate chapters, on education in the United States. These reports have covered each biennium since 191G-18. Each edition of the Biennial Survey con¬ tains chapters on State school systems, city school systems, and institutions of higher education, as well as a summary chapter. At less frequent intervals have appeared chapters on a variety of edu¬ cational subjects, including surveys of nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, education for exceptional children, offerings and enrollments in high school subjects, residence and migration of col¬ lege students, public and school libraries, and public secondary day schools. In addition to the surveys represented in the Biennial Survey oj Education in the United Stales , the Office of Education conducts a number of annual and other periodic surveys. During the biennium 1954-56, more than 28,300 statistical reports were requested by the Educational Statistics Branch (which is the principal agency in the Office of Education for the conduct of periodic statistical surveys) ; and since 1940-41, approximately 03,500 additional recurring reports in other areas have been requested. Table 1 presents a summary of the kinds of surveys undertaken and the number of reports re¬ quested in 1954-56, together with comparable data on the most recent studies completed in other fields since 1940-41. The 1 954-56 reports were received from a variety of sources. Each State department of education and each outlying part of the United States made a comprehensive biennial report concerning pupils, instructional staff, graduates, and financial data. They also supplied the Office of Education with annual fall reports on enrollment, teach¬ ers, and schoolhousing in public elementary and secondary schools. All city school systems in cities of 25,000 population or more, and a 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 1.— Number and type of statistical reports requested periodically by the Office of Education A. REQUESTED BY SURVEYS IN THE BIENNIUM 1954-56 Subject School year 1954-55 1955-56 Total _ _ _ _ 5, 899 22,417 State school systems (including outlying parts): Fall enrollment, teachers, and schoolhousing _ 56 56 Organization, staff, pupils, and finances _ T _ 56 Local school systems: City school systems: Staff, pupils, and finances _ 1,737 206 Current expenditures per pupil: Large cities _ 204 Small and medium-sized cities _ 318 316 Suburban city school systems _ 498 County-unit systems _ 742 Rural county school systems _ 1, 199 Institutions of higher education: Faculty . . . . . 1, 858 Opening fall enrollment _ 1, 857 1, 857 1. 858 Resident and extension enrollment _ 1,858 Earned degrees conferred _ _ _ 1,320 1,326 1, 858 69 Receipts, expenditures, and property _ Land-grant colleges and universities _ 69 Engineering enrollments and degrees _ 218 217 Organized occupational curriculums _ 660 Public libraries . . _ . . . . . 7.903 B. OTHER REPORTS REQUESTED IN PREVIOUS SURVEYS Subject Number of reports School year for which .ast collected Total _ _ _ _ •13, *21 Nonpublic elementary schools ... 9, 730 1940-41 Residential schools for exceptional children _ 444 1945-46 Nonpublic secondary schools _ 3, 053 1947-48 Offerings and enrollments in high-school subjects _ _ _ 13, 749 1948-49 Residence and migration of college students _ 1, 859 1949-50 Libraries in institutions of higher education _ 1, 837 23, 757 4, 994 4, 098 1951-52 Public secondary day schools _ 1951-52 Special education for exceptional children _ 1952-53 Public-school libraries _ 1953-54 Note.— This table does not include reports required in connection with Federal grants for vocational education and for assistance to school districts in federally affected areas. large sample of cities with population between 2,500 and 24,999, were asked to report statistical data directly to the Office of Education. Institutions of higher education, numbering approximately 1,850 in 1955-56, made several reports, including annual reports on enrollment and earned degrees conferred, and biennial reports on faculty and finances. The Office made a significant addition to its statistical pro¬ gram in 1 955-56 when it requested data directly from large numbers of suburban cities, county-unit school systems, and rural counties. This chapter of the Biennial Survey oj Education in the United States, entitled “Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56,” provides a statistical conspectus of education, from the kindergarten through STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 higher education, for both publicly and privately controlled schools. While emphasis is placed on statistics for the school years 1954-55 and 1955-56 (especially the latter), historical tables show educational trends over a number of j’ears. In general, the data are taken from other chapters of the Biennial Survey , but additional information has been drawn from (a) other publications of the Office of Education; (b) other governmental sources, such as the Bureau of the Census, the Office of Business Economics, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics; and (c) nongovernmental sources, such as the National Catholic Wel¬ fare Conference, the Institute of International Education, and the National League for Nursing, Inc. The “Statistical Summary of Education” also contains a good deal of material which does not appear elsevffiere in the Biennial Survey or in any other governmental source. Examples of data for which this chapter is the primary source are the materials on retention rates of students from the elementary school through higher education; the total number of high school graduates of both public and nonpublic schools; the number of nonpublic elementary and secondary schools; and the statistics summarizing enrollment, income, and expenditures for all levels of education combined. Organization of Data This chapter presents, first, a statistical summary of education in broad range from kindergarten through the college and university level; second, a summary of data on elementary and secondary educa¬ tion; third, a summary of statistics of higher education; fourth, a brief treatment of statistics of public libraries; and finally, a summary of statistics of international education and of the activities of the Office of Education in the field of international educational relations. Education in Broad Range Number of Schools and Administrative Units The distribution, by State, of approximately 55,000 local basic ad¬ ministrative units (school districts) and of approximately 150,000 schools is shown in table 2. The classification of schools is by level (elementary, secondary, and higher education) and by type of control (public and private) . Data are also included on the number of schools of nursing which are not affiliated with institutions of higher education. The number of school districts in each State in 1955-56 ranged from Table 2. — Number of local basic administrative units ( school districts ), and number of schools of specified types , by State: 1955-56 BIEN* *.» g • § C” 9 = o UAL O St O a> JR\ co CO rEY OF E DUCAT] NCM-NN^OO II 0C —■ lo — cofco oo [ON, 1954-56 CO N ^«oow Institutions of higher education > "3 > ~c Ah • o o c* 1 04 (NOMincCI'OCJC II ss> (M — CO NOO ~ «S eo r» eo NOCHN 2 3 Ah QO •n © ' o «r>opsOfjCNHr N ag 00©© — ci © © © — © i- © riNWriMMM CO © Cl CT>OJ» a - ae QC « r* eo©occir^ao© — co r* CJCCiO-XXWW ^ CM II CO nrco — c:«o*o — *>MTfoo« obttMMoaoiflpiCNO — " . cm © 00 CO 1^- CO © Tf« on 1 I C/2 >» U c-. C o E W il C o °1 - CO © « l ^ -CC0500MNC I Oi CN C CO X 00 O) CO CMO C* © CO 922 141 2,932 1,631 1,900 2. 163 1,970 3, 431 2, 221 76 2,638 3, 074 • co © © co 2 o E- eo N o 1 ^ rps:NiONHpr»Mio as ■OCNSI'HOOMSCH C0 ~~ 3 ©^— cm© — ©©r^-co©© *r©©© ci cmco — ©■<*•© i - rr cm *d cm V ^ co ci cm co V © CO* CO ©coo© CO © CM © © — CM CM r-T °--2 too •25S B O c/2 * * N « r- © 1 x> Is *n o«-c:c-co>o ||© t- *0 (N T X -* M C © ^^•MN»0 03'V Cl © © cm © oo — co — © cm ■*?* © * 3, 080, 576 I 1 1, 965, 800 | I 1. 120, 776 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 9 Table 4. — Enrollment in full-time day schools , by level of instruction , and by type of control: Continental United States , 1899- 1900 to 1955-56 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 1956-56 e* 39, 103, 059 36, 107, 059 28, 332, 084 7, 774, 975 O o C5 C5 1,838,202 1, 564, 396 * 263, 000 1 4, 869 4,939 998 26,493,882 22, 725, 861 3 3, 623, 360 1 47, 532 8 61,700 20, 638 14, 791 C5 r* N 6, 872, 586 « 823, 000 1 49, 457 8 18, 400 11, 108 424 1953-54 oo 35,911,050 30 e© ea ff© e© e© 26, 287, 365 7, 108, 973 r* 1, 800, 145 1, 474, 007 • 317, 000 4, 869 3, 869 3 400 ® ©* P* QO ■*T 21,071,800 8 3, 274, 840 47, 532 8 65, 300 19, 948 8 7, 800 7, 108,973 6, 290, 245 8 747, 323 49, 457 8 12, 600 8, 748 « 600 1949-50 31,319,271 28, 660, 250 22, 207, 241 6, 453, 009 o oT CO N 1,170,853 1, 034, 203 « 133, 000 («) 3, 650 21,036, 388 co b- o r— CON CO CC OJ cT TfT io c© oT CO 40 *-H c© »o ^ 00 6,453,009 5, 724, 621 3 672, 362 38, 162 » 9, 784 8, 080 o 1 8 o e© O »© C5* w 28,257,000 21, 127, 021 7, 129, 979 e© r© s CO 594, 647 57, 341 («) 3, 144 20,471,889 18, 237, 451 2, 095, 938 59, 547 61,731 17, 222 05 05 6, 601, 444 457, 768 54, 070 9, 727 6, 970 1929-30 r* e© N »© C© A N 28, 551,640 23, 739, 840 4,811,800 1, 100, 737 781, 299 723, 443 54, 456 (8) 3, 400 22,958,541 20, 555, 150 2, 255, 430 («) ii 129, 317 18, 644 4,811,800 4, 399, 422 341, 158 59, 287 ii 4, 388 7,545 1919-20 - 30 r- CO o e* 23, 463, 893 20, 963, 722 2, 500, 176 597,880 510, 949 CO CO r-f oT £0 e© ef »© ®* 18, 897, 661 1, 455, 878 («) i« 99, 234 (*) 2, 500,176 2, 200, 389 213, 920 81, 367 i° 4, 500 (») 1909-10 e© 19,999, 148 e© a> 90 CO oT 18, 528, 535 1, 115, 398 »©* U9 e© 346, 189 < 293, 970 4 52, 219 (•) (6) 18, 182,346 16, 604,821 1, 506, 218 (*) 71, 307 («) 1 1,115,398 915,061 117,400 78, 932 4, 005 («) o o o s 00 w 17, 198,841 16, 961,249 16, 261, 846 699, 403 w 09 »© M 225, 394 131, 657 93, 737 (•) (») IQ CO* o CO* 14, 852, 202 1, 147, 188 (») 37, 062 (•) 699,403 519, 251 110, 797 65, 855 3, 500 (•) Level of instruction, by type of school - All levels (elementary, secondary, higher) i . . Elementary and secondary . Kindergarten-grade 8. . . . . . Grades 9-12 and postgraduate . - . . Higher education 1 . . .. Kindergarten - - . - - - - Public 3 . . - . . Nonpublic 3- . . . . . Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education . . . . . . Federal schools for Indians . . . . . Grades 1-8, inclusive, . . . . Public 3 . Nonpublic 3 . . . . . . . Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education . . . . . . Residential schools for exceptional children 9 . . Federal schools for Indians . . . . . Federal schools on Federal installations _ Grades 9-12 and postgraduate . . . Public 3 . . . . . . . . . Nonpuhlic 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education _ _ _ _ _ .. Residential schools for exceptional children . Federal schools for Indians . . . . . Federal schools on Federal installations ; STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 11 iC T3 §"2. *s slfcg-sw ”^0.2 is 2 -S« i^-S-g s SS g«-s £o§ Weg g>8® o-~--‘Q;s5 tv .IBS’S So*2c7G a c ©£ d © 5* o 'C ^ > Q £ ^3^ « t>7j’o C-S 73 7 « o5 a -a |.|1 1 of § ^ § "2 «§£§!§■ SoSfi 3 Table 5. — Enrollment 1 of the civilian nonins titutional population 5 to 34 years old , by age and by sex , in public and private schools and colleges: Continental United States , urban and rural , October 1955 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Rural farm Enrolled in school Per¬ cent 2 5G.5 64.5 d ® c g § ^ oo^ior-ooceoto'# oo i SfeggSKS®^ ® 54.8 62.9 30.3 95.9 Number 2 0, 074, 000 6,007,000 147,000 572, 000 1,567,000 2,023,000 892,000 629,000 178,000 48,000 10,000 7,000 1 ! S : eo c i iiiiiiin i i Hiii&z'-' 0 1 1 I I *.* oT 11 Total 10, 756,000 0,410,000 llllillil Islslsils ,-T4 OO ® CO ® to CO OG 3 SgggSgSS* * 45.8 55.0 71. 1 98.1 Number i Jf 22, 250,000 llllillil iMMMM 164,000 I t 3 5 - . ? llllillil 1 i (imam s f I 1 Is 1 o* o' 704,000 964,000 Total - 44,913, 000 1 g & liliiliil mMMii efpf«eN«ef®V | 7,741,000 i I U r - r- c^ - i llllillil i :' ifflMm i 1 1 5 1 8 2 11 m United States Enrolled In school Per¬ cent - 50.8 60.4 sc ® c S 2 - — *o— -c — l SggggSSSS1' 04 47.0 56.0 Oi r-* Number w 37,426,000 37,235,000 llllillil mmm NMOcVrf-H 192,000 1 1 s 1 Ct C 1 llllillil 1 f mm=m s r ^r^*us« when only 21 percent of the teachers were men. In 1939-40, they represented 27 percent of the total; in 1949-50, 30 percent; and in 1953-54, 32 percent. The number of teachers at the elementary level increased 10 percent from 1953-54 to 1955-56, and the proportion of male teachers re¬ mained at 12 percent of the total during this period. At the second¬ ary level the number of teachers increased 9 percent, while the pro¬ portion of men rose from 45 to 48 percent of the total. Institutions of higher education reported an increase of 10 percent in the number of instructional staff members during the biennium, and also a slight rise, from 79 to 80 percent, in the percentage of male teachers. The number of teachers and instructional staff members employed at each educational level in 1955-56 was greater than at any previous time in our history. Receipts Total receipts of both publicly and privately controlled educational institutions at all levels from kindergarten through higher education amounted to $18.3 billion in 1955-56 (table 8). Publicly controlled institutions received $14.5 billion, 79 percent of the total, while privately controlled schools received $3.8 billion, or 21 percent of all receipts. Receipts from governmental sources, Federal, State, and local, accounted for 93 percent of the income of publicly controlled schools, and for 7 percent of the income of private institutions. Privately controlled schools must depend upon a variety of sources for their income, including student fees, private gifts and grants, and in the case of private institutions of higher education, endowment earnings. In 1955-56, three-fourths of the receipts of all educational insti¬ tutions went to schools at the elementary and secondary level ($13.7 billion), and the remaining quarter ($4.6 billion), to institutions of higher education. Expenditures In 1955-56, educational institutions at all levels, both publicly and privately controlled, expended $16.8 billion (table 9). This figure comprises current expenditures and interest amounting to $13.4 billion, or four-fifths of the total; and capital outlay (termed plant expansion in institutions of higher education) of $3.4 billion, or one- fifth of the total. The expenditures of publicly controlled institutions Elementary and secondary education » Higher education * 16 ■s BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 * 2 0 95 .0, s t 05 3 a§ O JO £ 65 d C u O SI II 3-0 w 3 o bi CNN NO?5 NCCI lO CM S?S co — ro cco C'J 00 »— < -dlrf c oc — • NC (NO r-l §?S! rf« 40 00 co io TT rr 00 CC o’ N N c js a ®.= = 2? 2 5ss3> 0 | § 2ilsl :s s I «; [e c Q «^d; M 1 £8 •~£ c _o ill 3 £ 5 Ii| ■g ® g § m *c ‘c 68 2 *0 O O s ^ c co a .c • 8 o, ..a fr. u s - £.2 c jo cSo ■“ Z ® »o Co^ BE o c a 30 53 Jf*f§ c ®s ® oJ« ■3 > O C~5 mPi<; O o a»fe £3 S « g-dga -os c ® ®s o a d^ig W' a 33 4 T, *0 « ® MiC V* 04 cgfeo »c|c 2 2 O b£ W •- /o .2 £ S 2 « ■§ 31 O dl! g 3 « ?3 t’Or >-^ 0 “ u o c D w -cf'0'n‘0-r 0 S - g e •c1lw(Sc«|££g *§"" J" i*"! |o^«3tSS STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 17 Table 9. — Expenditures for education , including capital outlay , by level of instruction , and by type of control: Continental United Statesf 1955-56 [Thousands of dollars] Level of instruction, by type of school Total Fuhlicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 All levels (elementary, secondary, higher) « . Current expenditures (including interest) . $16,811,651 $13,352,409 $3,459,241 13. 371,599 3. 440, 052 10. 542, 838 2, 809, 571 2.828,761 630, 480 Elementary and secondary schools * . - . Current expenditures (including interest) . Capital outlay _ _ _ _ 12,581,895 10,955, 047 * 1, 626, 848 9, 833. 549 2. 748, 347 8, 567.861 2. 387, 187 * 1, 265. 688 *361. 160 Kindergarten through grade 8 4 . . Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 4 . Miscellaneous elementary and secondary schools: Federal schools for Indians 8, 640,718 7,438,477 1,202,241 3,941,177 3,516,570 424,607 40, 537 9, 250 40.537 9, 250 Federal schools on Federal installations _ Higher education (including subcollegiate depart¬ ments) 4 _ _ _ 4, 179, 967 2,347,574 1,832, 393 Current expenditures . . . . 3, 499, 463 1, 936, 390 1, 563, 073 Educational and general _ 2, 766. 367 637, 606 95, 490 1, 575. 314 329, 452 31,624 1, 191,054 308, 153 63, 866 Auxiliary enterprises . . . Student aid expenditures _ Plant expansion _ _ _ 680, 505 411,184 269,320 F i Excludes expenditures for residential schools for exceptional children'and for schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities. * Excludes expenditures for Federal schools for Indians, Federal schools on Federal installations, and resi¬ dential schools for exceptional children. Expenditures for Federal schools are shown separately below. * Estimated on basis of expenditures per pupil in public elementary and secondary schools. 4 Distribution between grade-groups (kindergarten-grade 8 and grades 9-12 and postgraduate) estimated on basis of average teacher’s salary and pupil-teacher ratio at the elementary and secondary levels. Ex¬ penditure per pupil in grades 9-12 and postgraduate was calculated as 1.668 times expenditure per pupil In kindergarten-grade 8. * Excludes schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities. Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Sources: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Surrey of Education in the United States, 1 954-56, chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, J95-'»-50f and chapter 4, section II. Statistics of Hiaher Education: Receipts. Expenditures, and Property. 1 955—56; Bulletin 1959, No. 2, Federal Funds for Education, 1956-57 and 1957-68; and Administration of Public Laws 874 and 815, June SO, 1956 . amounted to $13.4 billion, or 79 percent of the total, and privately controlled schools expended $3.5 billion, or 21 percent of all expendi¬ tures. The data in tables 8 and 9 do not include the receipts and expendi¬ tures of residential schools for exceptional children. The Office of Education has not conducted a study of the finances of these institu¬ tions for a number of years. Table 10 shows the relationship between national income and expenditures for education in the United States from 1929-30 to 1955-56. The relative amounts spent for education were greatest during the depression years of the early 1930’s, and they were lowest during World War II. In recent years, as school enrollments have 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 10. — National income related to total expenditures 1 for education: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1955-56 National Expenditures for education Calendar year income (in millions) School year Total (in thousands) As a percent of national income * 2 3 4 5 1929 . . . . . . . $87, 814 1929-30 $3, 233, 601 3. 68 1931 _ _ — . . 59, 708 1931-32 2, 966, 464 4. 97 1933 _ _ _ _ 40, 159 1933-34 2, 294, 896 5. 71 1935 _ _ _ _ 57, 057 1935-36 2, 649, 914 4. 64 1937. . . 73, 618 1937-38 3, 014, 074 4. 09 1939 _ _ _ _ _ 72, 753 1939-40 3, 199, 593 4. 40 1941 . . . . . . . . 104,710 1941-42 3, 203, 548 3. 06 1943 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170,310 1943-44 3, 522, 007 2. 07 1945 _ _ _ _ 181,248 1945-46 4, 167, 597 2. 30 1947 . . . . . . . . 198, 177 1947-48 6, 674, 379 3. 32 1949 . . . . . . . . 217, 690 1949-50 8, 795, 635 4.04 1951. . . . . . . 279,313 1951-52 11,312, 446 4. 05 1953 . . . . . . 305, 573 1953-54 13, 949, 876 4. 57 1955 . . . 330,206 1955-56 16,811,651 5. 09 1 Includes expenditures of public and nonpublic schools at all levels of education (elementary, secondary, and higher education). Sources: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, chapters on Statistical Summary of Education; U.S. Department of Com¬ merce, Office of Business Economics: Surrey of Current Business, July 1958. expanded rapidly and as expenditure per pupil has also increased, the proportion of national income spent for education has tended to rise somewhat. Total expenditures for education amounted to 5 percent of national income in 1955-56. Educational Attainment Related to Individual Income On the basis of a sample survey of the income of persons in the United States in 1956, the Bureau of the Census has concluded that educational attainment is closely related to an individual’s income (table 11). The median income of year-round full-time male workers ranged from $3,120 for men who had completed less than 8 years of school to $6,980 for those who had completed 4 or more years of college. The income of women employed on a full-time basis ranged from $1,811 for those with less than 8 years of schooling to $3,809 for those who had completed 4 or more years of college. The median number of school years completed by workers with an income of less than $1,000 in 1956 was only about 9, while persons with an income of $10,000 or more had completed an average of 15 years of school (3 years of college). Almost 20 percent of the males with 4 years of college were receiving $10,000 or more, but only 3% percent of the males with only a high school diploma. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 19 Table 11. — Distribution of persons 14 years of age and over , by total money income , by years of school completed , and by sex: Continental United States , 1956 Total money income and sex Total 1 Elementary and secondary school College Median years of school com¬ pleted Less than 8 years 3 8 years 9 to 11 years 12 years 1 to 3 years 4 years or more > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 MALE Number of persons (thou- sands) _ 56, 591 12, 244 10, 156 11,869 12, 469 4,417 4, 568 10.5 Number of persons with in- lA.'ne (thousands) . 52,016 10,981 9,027 10, 355 12,224 4, 212 4, 483 10.7 Income Recipients Total.— . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $1,000 _ _ 17.2 29.8 18.2 20.7 7.0 14.0 4.0 8.6 $1,000 to $1,999 . . 11.7 20.0 13.4 9.0 8.4 8.9 5.1 8.6 $2,000 to $2,999- _ _ 12.1 16.8 14.4 10.9 10.5 8.3 6.0 8.9 $3,000 to $3,999 _ 14.8 14.0 17.5 16.3 15.6 11.7 8.8 10.1 $4,000 to $4,999.— . . 15.9 9.7 16.8 18.1 20.6 15.5 12.6 11.3 $5,000 to $5,999 . . 11.9 5.6 10.1 13.7 16.8 13.5 13.2 12.2 $6,000 to $9.999 . 12.7 3.5 8.3 10.2 17.5 21.0 31.0 12.5 $10,000 and over _ _ 3.6 0.5 1.3 1.2 3.5 7.1 19.4 15.0 Median Income.— $3,608 $2, 012 $3, 229 $3, 577 $4,413 $4, 458 $6,038 Year-Round Full-Time Workers Percent of all income recip¬ ients . . . 62.4 47.8 59.5 59.6 75.2 65.1 77.6 11.4 Median income $4, 462 $3, 120 $4, 035 $4,514 $4, 887 $5, 457 $6, 980 FEMALE Number of persons (thou¬ sands) . . . 61,304 11, 198 10,224 13, 488 18, 137 4, 500 3,055 11.1 Number of persons with in¬ come (thousands) . . 31,823 5, 899 4, 845 6, 606 9, 399 2,631 2, 145 11.3 Income Recipients Total . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $1,000 . . . . 46.9 69.2 52.3 53.2 32.4 36.5 24.3 9.5 $1,000 to $1,999 _ _ 19.3 17.6 23.8 20.4 19.6 18.4 11.5 10.8 $2,000 to $2,999 _ _ 15.7 9.3 13.9 14.6 22.0 16.5 13.2 12.1 $3,000 to $3,999— . . 11.0 3.0 7.0 7.7 17.5 14.8 20.0 12.4 $4,000 to $4,999.. _ _ 4.3 0.7 2.0 2.9 5.8 7.3 15.1 12.6 $5,000 to $5,999 . . 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.7 4.1 6.7 13.0 $6,000 to $9,999 . 0.9 0. 1 0.4 0.8 1.8 7. 1 15.8 $10,000 and over _ 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 2.0 14.9 Median income _ _ _ _ $1, 146 $724 $957 $941 $1, 898 $1, 734 $3, 050 Year-Round Full-Time Workers Percent of all income recip¬ ients . . 29.3 15.7 22.1 25.2 41.9 33.7 38.0 12.2 Median income _ $2, 828 $1, 811 $2, 408 $2, 583 $3, 021 $3, 440 $3, 809 i Includes persons not reporting years of school completed, not shown separately. 3 Includes persons without schooling, not shown separately. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 27. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Federal Funds for Education Numerous governmental agencies administer a wide variety of programs which provide Federal funds for educational purposes. The Office of Education, for the purpose of providing a central and authoritative source of information on the educational programs which receive these funds, began in 1933-34 to collect data concerning them from the respective agencies. Bulletins which summarize these data have been issued biennially since that time. Table 12 presents Table 12. — Trends in Federal support for education , by classification of pro¬ grams: 1948-49 to 1955-56 (Thousands of dollars) Program classification, deportment or agency, and program 1948-49 1950-51 1952-53 1954-55 1955-56 i 2 3 4 5 6 Total . . $3,501,406 $2.531. 337 $1,436. 231 $1,597,248 $1,834,288 Elementary and Secondary Education . . 161,403 223, 609 454,410 540, 006 574, 071 Department of Health, Education and Welfare: Civil defense . . . . 45 214,508 29, 237 215 53 180,080 32,066 234 School support In federally affected areas . . . 16, 728 26,013 125 200,084 24,657 185 Vocational education . 26,013 125 American Printing House for the Blind . Department of Agriculture: Revenue from national forests and suhmurginal lands _ 6,040 94,777 8,435 118,082 17,491 133, 540 16,872 169,414 19,902 227, 734 School lunch program _ Department of Defense: Education of dependent children over¬ seas _ 802 8,911 16,421 20,293 Department of the Interior: Education of children of National Fark Service employees . . 13 18, 195 1,475 11 11,535 14 24,690 2, 555 13 17,505 19 27,277 6,127 65 24, 130 26 34,606 6,207 1,647 38, 310 29 40,537 4,823 586 36, 701 Education of Indians in the United States _ _ _ _ Education in Alaska . . Education in the Virgin Islands . Revenue from public lands _ Department of the Treasury: Education of dependents of Coast fJnard personnel nvervas 0 0 0 13 17 Atomic Energy Commission: Operation of public schools on AEC sites __ _ _ _ 3,682 6, 780 4,410 3,290 Canal Zone: Operation of public school system _ 2,287 2,622 2,889 3, 527 District of Columbia: Operation of public school system . Higher Education _ 3,219 2,678 2,522 5,186 4. 199 3,251, 788 2, 194, 528 809, 583 854, 152 1,014, 900 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Land -grant colleges . . . 5,030 1,115 321 3. 302 200,015 5,030 1,115 368 4,262 54,626 5,030 1,114 503 4,047 58,840 5,052 1,114 674 7,654 113,260 5,052 1,114 2, 764 5,006 171,908 Vocational education— training teach¬ ers _ _ Gallaudet College _ Howard University Surplus property _ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 21 Table 12. — Trends in Federal support for education , by classification of pro¬ grams: 1948-49 to 1955-56 — Continued (Thousands of dollars] Program classification, department or agency, ami program 1948-49 1950-51 1952-53 1954-55 1955-56 1 2 3 4 5 6 Department of Defense: Navy regular ROTC program . $2,943 $3,776 $3,924 75 8,663 $3, 151 114 9,363 $3,339 200 9,491 Medical' education for national de¬ fense . _ . Education of off-duty military per¬ sonnel _ 5,127 Department of the Treasury: Education of off-duty Coast Guard 8 20 8 16 Veterans Administration: Veterans education and training (in¬ cludes reporting fees) . 2, 703, 862 335,200 1,943,341 176,875 657,803 57, 769 669,314 40, 770 773, 500 38, 134 Veterans vocational rehabilitation . National Science Foundation: Graduate fellowships . . 1,366 429 1,784 1,894 2,131 2,245 Graduate student support from basic research grants _ _ _ Adult Education _ _ _ 20,815 25, 365 35, 023 40.664 52, 759 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Education at Carvillc Leprosarium.... 15 11,051 24,790 15 14,502 32,053 Public Health Service traineeships and training grants . . . 7,438 22, 948 Vocational rehabilitation _ _ _ 18,216 21,001 Department of the Interior: Bureau of Mines safety training pro¬ gram _ 780 837 850 898 Department of Justice: Bureau of Prisons _ 389 422 461 481 Department of Labor. Apprenticeship and training _ 2,599 3, 183 3,324 3,160 3,351 Canal Zone: Apprentice school _ 12 13 21 25 National Science Foundation: Education in the sciences _ 41 316 1,434 Inservice Training of Civilian Personnel . . . 1 359 1, 549 2, 329 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Communicable Disease Center _ 356 377 633 478 772 Education cf Public Health personnel. Department of Commerce: Tuition training in nondepartmental institutions _ 1 3 2 6 Department of the Treasury: Internal Revenue Service Advanced Training Center _ 537 1. 073 Education of Merchant Marine and Military Personnel for De¬ fense . . . 22,525 23, 689 25, 710 23, 985 26,347 Department of Commerce: Federal Merchant Marine School . State maritime academies _ _ 3, 518 1,117 3,020 2,746 1, 019 1, 528 2,129 621 1. 274 1, 997 597 0 2,185 560 0 Training and upgrading of unlicensed and licensed Merchant Marine per¬ sonnel _ _ _ 630714 — 59- -3 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 12. — Trends in Federal support for education9 by classification of pro¬ grams: 1948-49 to 1955-56 — Continued [Thousands of dollars] Program classification, department or agency, and program 1948-49 1950-51 1952-53 1954-55 1955-56 Department of Defense: Service academies . . . . Training of military personnel at civilian institutions . . Department of the Treasury: Coast Guard Academy . Tuition for Coast Guard personnel - Research in Educational Insti¬ tutions . . . Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Office of Education administration . Public Health Service research fellow¬ ships.... . . . . Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center . . Department of Agriculture: Agriculture Extension Service . . State agriculture experiment stations... Atomic Energy Commission: Contract research, fellowships, and other training _ _ _ _ National Advisory Committee for Aero¬ nautics: Aeronautical research . . National Science Foundation: Obligations for basic research grants. Tennessee Valley Authority: Cooperative research, tests, and dem¬ onstrations . . International Education. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Communicable Disease Center train¬ ing for foreign nationals . . . . Department of Commerce: Aviation training of foreign nationals. International Civil Aviation Organiza¬ tion fellows . . . . Meteorological education and training Department of State: Educational exchange programs . . International Cooperation Adminis¬ tration programs _ $10, 434 2,453 1, 952 31 44. 543 2, 397 30,438 10. 557 653 332 332 $13, 647 2,949 1, 768 32 64.045 2,879 32, 141 12, 496 15,226 710 593 100 100 $15, 956 3,165 2,513 52 73, 385 5.149 2,017 127 32, 117 12, 546 18, 441 618 l, 813 557 37. 761 345 23, 360 14,042 $16, 351 2,547 2,435 58 94,284 3, 551 2,562 149 39, 675 19. 109 20, 069 675 485 42.608 19 244 20 19, 768 22, 518 $16, 896 2,795 62 110, 706 3,985 2,800 288 45. 475 24, 226 22,869 617 9,942 504 1, 176 26 360 20,284 32,408 Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Bulletins on Federal Funds for Education. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23 data from recent editions of the bulletins on Federal Funds for Educa¬ tion. Federal support for all programs listed declined from $3.5 billion in 1948^9 to $1.8 billion in 1955-56, a decrease of 48 percent. This decrease may be attributed to the smaller amounts of money which were expended by the Veterans Administration for the educa¬ tion and training and the vocational rehabilitation of veterans. Expenditures for these purposes decreased from $3.0 billion in 1948- 49 to $812 million in 1955-56, but during the same period, expenditures for other educational programs increased from $462 million to $1.0 billion. Elementary and Secondary Education Historical Summary Table 13 presents a historical summary of statistics of public ele¬ mentary and secondary education in the continental United States, providing data on population, pupils, instructional staff, and finances, decennially for the school years from 1869-70 to 1949-50, and for 1953-54 and 1955-56. In order to make the financial data more mean¬ ingful, beginning with 1929-30 certain averages and per-pupil ex¬ penditures have been expressed both in terms of actual dollars and also in dollars adjusted to the 1955-56 purchasing power by means of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index. Average salary per member of instructional staff has been expressed in this manner, and for comparative purposes data on personal income per member of the labor force have been included on the same basis. Cur¬ rent expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance has also been reported in unadjusted and adjusted dollars. Number of Schools and Administrative Units Table 14 presents data on the number of local basic administrative units and on the number of public and nonpublic elementary and secondary schools from 1929-30 to 1955-56. The total number of local basic administrative units in the United States has decreased significantly in recent years as more and more school districts have been reorganized and consolidated. At the end of World War II, there were still more than 100,000 school districts in this country, but the number had dropped to 55,000 by 1955-56. The decrease in the 2-year period from 1953-54 to 1955-56 alone amounted to 13 percent. The elimination of unnecessarily small administrative units is a recognized method of achieving more efficient financial adminis¬ tration of the public schools as well as a more desirable quality of education. Table 13. — Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Continental United States9 1869-70 1955-56 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 1955-66 S 164,303 37,262 22.7 31,103 24,290 6,873 19.0 83.6 22.1 1,252 27,740 4,938,161 89.0 178.0 158.5 B 1953-54 3 158,313 28,830 S 1 5! «• 18.2 83.5 21.8 1,129 25,644 4,581,240 88.9 178.6 158.9 860*1 1949-50 ® 1 IS s' s 25,111 19,387 6,725 16.9 83.1 22.7 1,063 22,284 3.904,354 88.7 177.9 157.9 S 1939-40 O 130,880 30,150 23.0 s sf 18,833 6,001 19.4 84.4 26.0 1,143 22,042 3,858,012 86.7 175.0 151. 7 s 1929-30 - 121,770 31,417 25.8 5 JS E 1 s' - 21. 1 81.7 17.1 *592 21,265 3,672, 765 82.8 172. 7 143.0 1 1919-20 r* 104, 512 27,556 26.4 21,578 19,378 2,200 20.6 78.3 10.2 *231 16,150 2,615,161 74.8 161.9 121.2 s o 1 o 90,492 24,009 26.5 17,814 16,899 *915 19.7 74.2 5.1 *111 12,827 2,011,477 72.1 157.5 113.0 1899-1900 MS 75,995 21, 573 28.4 § 14,984 *519 20.4 71.9 3.3 *G2 10,633 1,534,823 68.6 144.3 99.0 I 62,948 18£? £ 12,520 *203 20.2 68.6 1.6 *22 8,154 1,098,233 64.1 134.7 86.3 1879-80 60,156 ,5S § of 9,757 * 110 19.7 65.5 1.1 6,144 800, 720 62.3 130.3 81.1 1869-70 w 39,818 12,055 30.3 0,872 g f to - 17.3 57.0 1.2 4,077 539,053 59.3 132. 2 78.4 Item - A. Population, Pupils and Instructional Stall Total population > (thousands) _ Population aged 5-17 years, inclusive 1 (thousands) . . Percent of total population aged 5-17 . Total enrollment in elementary and secondary day schools (thousands) . . Nursery, kindergarten, and grades 1-8 (thousands) . Grades 9-12 and postgraduates (thou¬ sands) . . Percent of total population enrolled * . Percent of population 5-17 years en¬ rolled « . Percent of total enrollment In hlch schools (grades 9-12 and poslgradu- ates) nigh school graduates (thousands) _ Average, daily attendance (thousands)... Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled (thousands) . Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily . Average length of school term (in days).. Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled . Total instructional staff (thou¬ sands) . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 25 . cn co cs * oo cf CO 00005© *o ^ oi o »- CO !>• -t* I CO ^ ■ Sgg cT co S3 SS S3 £ £ S3 2?g Cl O oooo Cl CO CJ ?l 8EI3 IW sir © © 5c i- a. c. cc lc 0 04 M OC © © © CO 04 ^ to * £ COO^fN — co ci Cl rf •— > r^- f— O Cl Cl 1-^CO OC CO 1 00 00 CO © : f-4 * O CO CO g s r CO CO CO 3 S oW •r* S3 G tn nil Ss?3 oiS « 03 a — a tt-SS sss-g n u a> ** -O 8 C 3 « o " a ^ a> c a - U « U 0> AhPh A,Ah £ O <5 vjs G — © «£ Is SS O C 3 x ^ cu la- o O fcH as 3: o — U| s ^ >> C.>.3 X u 3 U C3 q « a x a’ . ~ c ■ c £ fc _ _ 3»S 2-5 os es u O U^OAh « aJ-S o> u to . ■ 250 £0 § > .O a Cj 8 -a _ a> &*E >,<3 t, a "5 3 “ 3 ^.C* £~ G C o C c G w G H G ate ® — « w— . e o ; JO 00 c * 3 w a 3 ££ 00 3 “ a> o c£ S a, o > <-> _ Ah *S = 5 £ -- © C^o o v* 0> CO '*■' ilaf I ;- o S Table 13. — Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 — Continued 26 1955-56 w s CO »o s OS s o os 1 2? os s 2 ao s s os r- s o 1 CD i § m ao 3 5 s s 2 CO 00 g s s a Jj BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 5 O 00 1^0* :> o co coci coos m c* C rjj co qs oo of $1, 885 264. 76 350.90 11, 842 1.48 1. 96 66.30 $1, 526 208. 83 258. 85 10, 312 1. 17 1. 46 57.97 $587 88.09 105. 74 3,502 .50 .60 20.01 $667 86.70 108. 49 3,845 .50 .63 22. 26 $53. 52 64. 16 .33 .40 CO oo c$ co - st. ”8 a 3 |q a 3 <5 a R§. p-a i§ lag- :*5"-8§ .,;3-S8 SoS-'g^lg^gs-S -i_> . o. a • S o. >> i a 'O fe la a !2 CO I O' O ! u o « xi i a O I OT ! t» >» cS 03 ,T3 T3 . t* • 3 CL. C as a •— »- ?aS3.S b* Zo *3 ® dp -• 3feS°. o Uc3-< ! B £» cs 2 « » s “CO, ill ill „ a~ ria J “ < o c 2 S 2 a . 3 ◄ » 0.1 D,1 u « S.S •< Ph 8 jaS ;©0 • a--Q E a l-S^S ■g'oHSS qag o P-g^ p g-J at o ■S ® B'.St o.d_ . g,g~!S.gS«!\20,gQ O fc B 3 +5 fc c S ® « : CL 3 o & « 3 ■- O d « ■< oh h £ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 27 ►» s a 8s © QJ ^ g CL© 3 © £a ®g s s 05 a >» S’0 •g ft 11 eS a p •Si ■go . jW = § !- "£l ©§“> S-9> ©'Ord 3§>* > 3 o ® ra ft gill '?'£ a’xi 1«^® l^®a •5« So SSsg 3«J ta © cs "3 a © g53j 03 |I nO So- a © o a -3 ©co © g a J) © a © ©3^* *j3 c a ca cs a 2 2 -S M to a ® ^ 5| sias a a©a s s ^ . - 2= £ S o ^ *s1 o ~ © © X2 lain £** ojfe ® © ea £ .O 03 3*0 ”3 Mfl O 9 a- 'oo .2© © a- 3 2 a £ a fl © X! 0.0 •Si .gs .. «,§7°!r1?§ © ^ o ^2 ^ s 3o!3 !§ owogasss-d §s^®S®5oa-2 £3 © ,2 *- © 6 bjo^*rr «3 -« E S a 03(13 i- ° 6 «aa g © » _ o fc-§ 2 2 J? © -s © o x <« m o,Q E-1 £ S ft a W •' -' ^ cs<, 5« as a aO' ° >.®-a © © >-£ g- h +3 © 8^cM © ® 5|e§ «« c O 3 O © « 3 SdmS. 5®o R-. S*ix3 Sp O s§s3§ 3 — ' t. 3o 03 ©O “ Sg|£& a o'® «*-« ir: J [« . 14135 3t3?S :8a|sl pq (saS"0 ** c3 00 ^ § X3 5 a 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 14.— Number of local basic administratii'C units ( school districts ), and number of public and nonpublic elemen tary and secondary schools: Conti¬ nental United States , 1929-30 to 1955-56 School year Public school systems Nonpublic schools 1 Number of school districts Elementa Total ry schools One-teacher Secondary schools Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929-30 . . . 233. 306 149,282 23. 930 9. 275 3, 258 1931-32 . 127. 422 232, 7.50 143. 391 26, 409 9. 734 3, 289 1933-34 236. 236 139. 166 24, 714 9, 992 3, 327 1935-30 . 232. 171 131. 101 25. 652 9.992 3^ 327 1937-38 . 118, 892 221, 660 121, 178 25, 467 9,992 3. 327 1939-40.. . 116.999 113. 600 11.306 3.568 1941-42 . 115.384 183 112 107. 692 25. 123 10. 285 3,011 1943-44 . 111,274 169. 905 96. 302 2S. 973 10. 285 3,011 1945-46 . 101,273 160, 227 86, 563 24,314 9, 863 3, 294 1947-48 . 94, 817 146, 760 75, 096 25, 484 10, 071 3, 292 1949-50 . 83. 614 128. 225 59. 652 24. .542 10, 375 3. 331 70. 993 123. 763 50. 742 23. 746 10. 666 3. 322 1953-54 . . . 62, 969 1 10. 875 42. 865 25, 637 11.739 3. 913 1955-56 . 54. 773 104, 427 34. 964 26, 040 12. 372 3, 887 1 Data for most years are partly estimated. The Office of Education conducted surveys of nonpublic elementary schools in 1930-31, 1932-33. and 1940-41; surveys of nonpublic secondary schools were conducted in 1929-3C, 1932-33, 1940-41, and 1947-48. SorRCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Surrey of Education in the United States, chapters on Statistical Summary of Education and Statistics of State School Systems. There has been a consistent decrease in the number of public ele¬ mentary schools throughout the 26-year period from 1929-30 to 1955-56 as smaller schools have been replaced by larger schools. The decrease from 238,000 to 104,000 public elementary schools repre¬ sented a reduction of 56 percent in the number of these schools. Most of the decrease may be attributed to the decline in the number of one-teacher schools, which dropped from 149,000 at the beginning of the period to 35,000 in 1955-56. There has been a slight rise in the number of public secondary schools and relatively larger increases in the number of nonpublic elementary and secondary schools. Enrollment In 1955-56, enrollment in regular, full-time public elementary and secondary schools in the continental United States reached a new peak, 31,163,000 pupils. Of these, 24,290,000, or 78 percent, were enrolled in kindergarten through grade 8; and 6,873,000, or 22 percent, were enrolled in grades 9 through 12 and postgraduate work. Table 15 shows the number and percent of pupils enrolled in each grade in public schools from 1944-45 through 1955-56. Grades 3 and 4 in¬ creased particularly in 1955-56 as compared with the previous year. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 29 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 16 presents a comparison of enrollment in grades 9 through 12 in both public and nonpublic schools with population 14 through 17 years of age. Although some of these pupils are older than 17, and a few are younger than 14, this is the typical age group which one finds in grades 9-12. The number of pupils enrolled per 100 persons 14 to 17 years of age has increased from 6.7 in 1889-90 to an all-time peak of 84.2 in 1955-56. Table 16. — Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools , and population 14-17 years of age: Continental United States, 1889-90 to 1955-56 School year Enrollment, grades 9-12 and postgraduate Population, 14-17 years of age 1 Number enrolled per 100 persons 14-17 years of age Number J Percent in¬ crease over 1889-90 Number Percent in¬ crease over 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-90 . . . 359, 949 5. 354. 653 6.7 1899-1900 . 699. 403 94.3 6, 152. 231 14.9 11.4 1909-10 . . . - . 1,115,398 209.9 7, 220. 298 34.8 15.4 1919-20 . 2, 500, 176 594.6 7, 735. 841 44.5 32.3 1929-30 . . . 4, 804, 255 1,234.7 9, 341, 221 74.5 51.4 1939-40 . . . 7, 123. 009 1, 878. 9 9.720,419 81.5 73.3 1941-42 . . . 6, 933. 265 1. 826. 2 * 9, 749. 000 82.1 71.1 1943-44 . 6, 030, 617 1 575.4 3 9, 449, 000 76.5 63.8 1945-46 . 6, 237, 133 1. 632. 8 3 9, 056, 000 69. 1 68.9 1947-48 . . . . . 6, 305, 168 1,651.7 * 8, 841, 000 65.1 71.3 1949-50 . 6, 453, 009 1, 692. 8 8. 404, 768 57.0 76.8 1951-52 . 6, 596, 351 1, 732. 6 3 8, 525, 000 59.2 77.4 1953-54 . . . 7, 108, 973 1. 875. 0 3 8, 878, 000 65.8 80.1 1955-56 . . . 7, 774, 951 2, 060. 0 3 9, 229, 000 72.4 84.2 1 Includes all persons residing in continental United States, but excludes Armed Forces overseas. Data shown are actual figures from the decennial censuses of population unless otherwise indicated. 2 Includes pupils in schools operated by teacher-training institutions of higher education, in subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education, and in residential schools for exceptional children. Be¬ ginning in 1949-50, also includes Federal schools. 3 Estimated by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1 preceding the opening of the school year. Improved retention rates at the high school level are shown in table 17. Approximately two-thirds of the pupils who enter the ninth grade now graduate from high school. Table 17 is consistent with table 6, which presents data on retention rates from the fifth grade through college entrance. High School Graduates Public and nonpublic high schools in the continental United States graduated 1,414,800 persons in 1955-56, a number equal to 62 of each 100 persons 17 years of age in this country. This may be compared with 2 of each 100 in 1869-70; 6 in 1899-1900; 51 in 1939-40; and 60 in 1953-54 (table 18). While some students, of course, graduate from high school at an age other than 17, the ratio of graduates to STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 31 a sl — TJ W r— 3 03 O X3 O >> >- tt> 03 43 T3 E- S 03 O* . X m o ® 55 ® 43 Sgs ~ O O §£3 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 18.— Number of high school graduates 1 compared uith population 17 years of age: Continental United States , 1869-70 to 1955-56 Year Population 17 years old 1 Iligh school graduates Number graduated per 100 persons 17 years of age Total Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 1869-70 . 815.000 16.000 7. 064 8.936 2.0 1879-80 . 946. 026 23. 634 10. 605 13.029 2.5 1889-90 . 1. 259. 177 43. 731 18. 549 25. 182 3.5 1899-1900 . 1,489. 146 94,883 38, 075 56. 808 6.4 1909-10 . 1. 786, 240 156. 429 63. 676 92, 753 8.8 1919-20 . 1.855. 173 311,266 123. 684 187, 582 16.8 1929-30 . . . 2. 295, 822 666, 991 300. 376 366, 528 29.0 1939-40 . . . 2. 403, 074 1.221.475 578,718 642. 757 60.8 1941-42 . . . 2. 425. 571 1,242, 375 576,717 665. 6.58 51.2 1943-44 . . . 2.410.389 1, 019. 233 423, 971 595, 262 42.3 1945-46 . 2, 254. 738 1. 080. 033 466, 926 613. 107 47.9 1947-48 . 2, 202. 927 1, 189, 909 562, 863 627, 046 54.0 1949-50 . 2. 034. 150 1. 199, 700 570. 700 629. 000 59.0 1951-52 . 2, 040, 800 1. 196. 500 569. 200 627, 300 58.6 1953-54 . 2, 128. 600 1.276. 100 612,500 663. 600 60.0 1955-56 . . 2, 270, 000 1,414,800 679, 500 735, 300 62.3 1 Includes graduates from public and nonpublic schools. 1 U.S. Bureau of the Census. population 17 years of age provides a convenient historical index as to the proportion of the population completing high school. Transportation of Pupils The number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense, and the expenditures for such transportation, have all increased steadily since 1929-30 (table 19). In 1929-30, 1,903,000 children, or 7 out of each 100 enrolled, were transported at public expense; but in 1955-56, 35 percent of the pupils in average daily attendance, or a total of 9,696,000, received such transportation. In addition, 146,000 nonpublic school pupils were transported at public expense. The increase in transportation is a natural result of the elimination of one-teacher and other small schools as the consolidation of schools and of administrative units progresses. For data on the decrease in the number of school districts and of public elementary schools, the reader is referred to table 14 in this publication. Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools amounted to almost $9.7 billion in 1955-56 (table 20). The propor¬ tion received from each source was: Federal Government, 4.6 percent; State, 39.5; county and other intermediate sources, 1.8; and local and STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 33 Table 19.— Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense , and expenditures for transportation: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1955-56 Enrollment Percent of Expenditure of public funds for Year Total Pupils transported at public expense enrolled pupils trans¬ ported transportation excluding capital outlay (thousands of dollars) 1 2 3 4 5 1929-30 . . . . . — 25. 678. 015 1,902. 826 7.4 $54. 823 1931-32 . . . 26. 275.441 2.419. 173 9.2 58. 078 1933-34 . . . 26. 434. 193 2, 794, 724 10.6 53. 908 1935-36 . . . 26. 367. 098 3. 250, 658 12.3 62. 653 1937-38 . . . 25, 975, 108 3, 769, 242 14.5 75, 637 1939-40 . - . . 25. 433. 542 4,144,161 16.3 83. 283 1941-42 . . . . 21. 562. 473 4. 503. 081 18.3 92. 922 1943 44 . . . 23. 266, 616 4.512.412 19.4 107. 754 1945-46 . . . 23. 299.941 5. 056, 966 21.7 129. 756 1947-48 . . . 23, 944, 532 5, 854, 041 24.4 176, 265 1949-50 . . . 25. 111,427 6, 947, 384 27.7 214.504 1951-52 . . . 26. 562. 664 7.697. 130 29.0 268, 827 1953-54 . . . . • 25. 643. 871 1 8. 411,719 >32.8 307. 437 1955-56 . . . » 27, 740, 149 > 9, 695. 819 >35.0 353, 972 i Number of pupils in average daily attendance. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United Stales, chapters on Statistics of State School Systems. Table 20. — Total revenue receipts of public school systems, and percentage distribution , by source: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1955-56 Year Revenue receipts Total amounts (thousands) Total percent Percentage from— Federal State Inter¬ mediate (county, etc.) Local and other • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929-30 . . $2. 088. 557 100.0 0.4 16.9 10.4 72.3 1931-32 . . 2. 068. 029 100.0 .4 19.8 8.8 71.0 1933-34. . . . 1.810.652 1C0.0 1.2 23.4 9.3 66.1 1935-36 . . . . 1.971.402 100.0 .5 29.3 7.1 63.1 1937-38 . . . . 2. 222. 885 100.0 1.2 29.5 6.5 62.8 1939-40 . . . 2, 260, 527 100.0 1.7 30.3 6.7 61.3 1941-42 . . 2.416. 580 100.0 1.4 31.5 6.2 60.9 1943-44 . 2. 604. 322 100.0 1.4 33.0 5.6 60.0 1945-46 . . . 3. 059. 845 100.0 1.4 34.7 6.0 67.9 1947-48 . . 4.311.534 100.0 2.8 38.9 5.3 53.0 1949-50- . . . . . 5.437.044 100.0 2.9 39.8 6.0 51.3 1951-52 . 6. 423. 816 100.0 3.5 38.6 6.0 51.8 1953-54 . 7. 866. 852 100.0 4.5 37.4 3.1 55.0 1955-56 . . 9, 686, 677 100.0 4.6 39.5 1.8 54.1 * Other receipts, which Include gifts, and tuition and transportation fees from patrons, accounted for 0.2 of 1 percent of total revenue receipts in 1955-56. Note.— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Sottrce: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United Stales, chapters on Statistics of State School Systems. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 all other sources, 54.1. Receipts from sources other than govern¬ mental accounted for less than 0.2 percent of total revenue receipts in 1955-56. In analyzing the distribution of revenue receipts by source for the past quarter of a century, it becomes evident that the long- range trend has been toward a greater proportion of revenue from Federal and State governments and a smaller proportion of receipts from county and local sources. In the past two bienniums, however, there has been a slight reversal of this trend, with State governments providing proportionally less and local sources more of the revenue receipts than they did in 1949-50. Table 21 presents historical data on the expenditures of public elementary and secondary schools. Expenditures have been classified by purpose, as follows: current expenditures for public day schools, comprising administration, instruction, operation of school plant, maintenance of school plant, fixed charges, and other school services; capital outlay; interest; and current expenditures for summer schools, adult education, community colleges, and community services. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education reached a level of approximately $11 billion in 1955-56, a figure almost four times as large as expenditures 10 years earlier. Expenditures for instruction have always constituted a major por¬ tion of total disbursements, but they have decreased somewhat in relation to other expenditures in recent years. In 1955-56, instruc¬ tional expenditures were 50 percent of the total, as compared with 64 percent a decade earlier. The proportional decline in this area has been more than offset by the increasing expenditures for capital out¬ lay in the postwar period. Capital outlay accounted for 22 percent of total expenditures in 1955-56, as compared with onJy 4 percent in 1945-46, the school year following the end of World War II, when building programs were still sharply curtailed. Expenditures for in¬ terest have remained at approximately 2 percent of the total for the past 10 years. Combined expenditures for summer schools, adult education, community colleges (operated by public school systems), and community services in recent years have amounted to about 1 percent of total expenditures. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 Table 21. — Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education , by purpose: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1955-56 Purpose 1929-30 1939-40 1945-46 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS Total expenditures, all schools _ _ _ $2, 316, 790 S3, 344, 049 $2, 906, 886 $5, 837, 643 $7, 344, 237 $9, 092, 449 $10,955,047 Total current expenditures, all schools _ 1, 853, 377 1, 955, 166 2, 718, 917 4,722,888 5, 752, 595 6, 883, 387 8,352,162 Total current expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools.... 1, 843, 552 1, 941, 799 2, 707, 441 4, 687, 274 5, 722, 162 6, 790, 923 8, 251, 420 Administration. _ 78, 680 91, 571 132, 899 220,050 265, 636 310, 995 372, 956 Instruction _ _ ... 1, 317, 727 1, 403, 285 1, 853, 911 3, 112, 340 3, 781, 837 4, 552, 349 5, 501, 921 Plant operation. .. 216, 072 194, 365 270,280 427, 587 508, 575 622, 671 752, 739 Plant maintenance _ 78, 810 73, 321 101, 254 214, 164 248, 674 284, 871 319, 560 Fixed charges _ 50, 270 50, 116 135, 480 261, 469 341, 601 446, 252 531, 393 Other school services '.. 101, 993 129, 141 213, 617 451, 663 575, 839 573, 785 772, 851 Current expenditures for summer schools _ (1 2) (2) (*) (2) (2) 1,690 2,853 Current expenditures for adult education 2... . . 9,825 13,367 11, 477 35, 614 30, 432 42,033 30,554 Current expenditures for community colleges.. . . (2) (2) (*) (2) (2) 23,363 31, 468 Current expenditures for community services _ (0 (») (>) (>) (') 25, 378 35,868 Capital outlay _ _ 370, 878 257, 974 111,046 1, 014, 176 1, 477, 332 2, 055, 178 2, 387, 187 Interest . . . . . 92, 536 130, 909 76,923 100, 578 114, 310 153, 884 215, 699 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total expenditures, all schools _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total current expenditures, all schools . . 80.0 83.4 93.5 80.9 78.3 75.7 76.2 Total current expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools... . 79.6 82.8 93.1 80.3 77.9 74.7 75.3 Administration _ 3.4 3.9 4.6 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 Instruction . . 56.9 59.9 63.8 53.3 51.5 50.1 50.2 Plant operation _ 9.3 8.3 9.3 7.3 6.9 6.8 6.9 Plant maintenance . 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.9 Fixed charges _ 2.2 2.1 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 Other school services >.. 4.4 5.5 7.3 7.7 7.8 6.3 7.1 Current expenditures for summer schools _ _ (2) (2) (2) (2) <2) (3) (3) Current expenditures for adult education 2 _ .4 .6 .4 .6 .4 .5 .3 Current expenditures for community colleges _ (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) .3 .3 Current expenditures for community services . (0 0) 0) 0) 0) .3 .3 Capital outlay _ _ 16.0 11.0 3.8 17.4 20.1 22.6 21.8 Interest _ 4.0 5.6 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 1 Prior to 1953-54, items included under “other school services” were listed under “auxiliary services,” a more comprehensive classification which also included community services. 2 Prior to 1953-54, data shown for adult education represent combined expenditures for adult education, summer schools, and community colleges. 3 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. Note.— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-56, chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1955-56. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 22 presents data biennially from 1929-30 to 1955-56 on the average annual salary per member of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary schools, and on personal income per mem¬ ber of the labor force. Data are presented in unadjusted or current dollars, and also in stable dollars which have been adjusted to reflect changes in the cost of living through the years. The adjusted dollars are reported in terms of 1955-56 purchasing power. Table 22. — Average annual salary per member of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary schools, and personal income per member of labor force , in unadjusted dollars and in stable dollars ( 1955-56 purchasing power): Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1955-56 School year Unadjusted dollars Stable dollars (1955-56 purchasing power) • Average an¬ nual salary per member of instruc¬ tional staff Personal in¬ come per member of labor force 4 Average an¬ nual salary per member of instruc¬ tional staff Personal In¬ come per member of labor force 1 1 2 3 4 5 1929-30 . . . . . $1,420 $1. 034 $2. 229 $2, 565 1931-32 . _ . 1.417 1, 136 2. 641 2. 118 1933-34 . . . . . 1.227 966 2. 492 1,902 1935-36 . . . 1.283 1.204 2.511 2. 356 1937-38 . _ . . . 1, 374 1, 304 2,580 2,449 1939-40 . . . 1.441 1,358 2, 772 2. 613 1941-42 . 1,507 1. 809 2. 600 3, 224 1943-44 . . . 1,728 2,434 2. 668 3. 758 1945-46 . . 1, 995 2, 783 2, 943 4, 105 1947-48 . 2. 639 3, 233 3.043 3, 728 1949-50 . . . . 3,010 3. 408 3.416 3. 868 1951-52 . . . 3,4.50 4.006 3. 529 4.098 1953-54 . 3, 825 ' 4. 276 3.821 4. 272 1955-56 . 4, 156 4,000 4, 156 4, 000 • Adjusted by use of Consumer Price Index. U.S. Department of I.abor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 4 Labor force includes persons 14 years of age and over who were employed, unemployed but seeking em¬ ployment, or In the Armed Forces. Sources: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, chapters on Statistics of State School Systems: U.S. Department of Com¬ merce. Office of Business Economics: Survey of Current Business, July 1958; Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-50, No. 85, and Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1958 edition. The average salaries of instructional staff members were higher than personal income per member of the labor force throughout the 1930’s, but for the past 15 years, teachers’ salaries have lagged behind. In 1955-56, personal income of the average worker was approximately 11 percent greater than average salary of instructional staff. The accompanying chart presents graphically the statistical material found in table 22. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 37 THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS Selected Data on State School Systems In general, this summary presents data on a national basis rather than State by State. For a comprehensive coverage of data by State, the reader is referred to “Statistics of State School Systems/' which constitutes chapter 2 of the Biennial Survey oj Education in the United States. There are certain statistics, however, which are of such widespread interest that their inclusion in the summary chapter is warranted. The data in tables 23 and 24 demonstrate the wide differences which exist among the States in personal income, expendi¬ tures for public elementary and secondary schools, and average annual salaries of instructional staff. 630714-59- ■4 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 23. — Personal income , 1955, related to total expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools, by State: 1955-56 Region and State Personal Income Expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools Total (in millions) Per capita Per child of school age (5-17) Total 1 (in thousands) As a per¬ cent of personal income 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States . $306, 598 $1,866 $8,228 $10,955, 047 3.57 Northeast _ _ _ 89, 765 2, 149 10,421 2, 796,260 3. 12 Connecticut... _ _ _ 5, 556 2, 515 12,211 156, 406 2.82 Maine _ _ _ _ 1,452 1,578 6,785 39, 911 2.75 Massachusetts . . 10,056 2,086 10, 240 272, 537 2.71 New Hampshire . . . . 952 1,722 7,803 29, 559 3. 10 New Jersey . . . . . . 12, 351 2, 305 11,500 399, 081 3.23 New York _ _ _ 36, 508 2, 305 11,553 1, 256, 339 3. 44 Pennsylvania . . . . . 20,706 1,903 8,804 584, 052 2. 82 Rhode Island _ _ _ _ 1, 617 1,955 9, 741 37, 350 2.31 Vermont . . 567 1,549 6, 371 21,024 3. 71 North Central _ 94,891 1,954 8,816 3, 285, 459 3. 46 Illinois . . . . 20, 968 2,251 10, 836 627, 899 2.99 Indiana . . . . . 8, 251 1,903 8, 377 260, 008 3.15 Iowa . . . . . . 4, 260 1,571 6,938 186, 992 4. 39 Kansas . . . . - 3, 458 1,679 7, 634 157, 982 4. 57 Michigan . . . 15, 785 2, 145 9,413 581, 448 3.68 Minnesota . . . 5, 450 1,710 7,296 258, 676 4. 75 Missouri . . . . . 7, 579 1,805 8, 468 222,219 2.93 Nebraska . . . . . 2, 203 1,585 7,129 86, 589 3.93 North Dakota . . . 872 1,365 5, 222 41,687 4. 78 Ohio _ _ _ 18, 589 2, 070 9,446 573, 343 3.08 South Dakota _ _ _ _ 861 1,266 5,187 44, 392 5. 16 Wisconsin... . 6,615 1,786 7,819 244, 225 3. 69 South _ _ _ 73,324 1,446 5, 756 2, 727, 909 3.72 Alabama _ _ _ _ _ 3,708 1,202 4, 352 134,070 3.62 Arkansas . . . . . 1,933 1,091 3, 945 71,690 3.71 Delaware . . . . 1,049 2,649 12, 793 29, 604 2. 82 Florida . . . 6,088 1,665 8,042 226, 826 3. 73 Georgia . . . . 4,918 1,349 5,118 166, 676 3. 39 Kentucky . . . 3, 782 1,264 4,824 96, 995 2. 56 Louisiana . . . . . 3, 985 1,361 5,230 191,806 4. 81 Maryland . . . . 5,453 1,965 8,881 186, 622 3. 42 Mississippi _ _ _ 2,065 981 3,402 81,329 3. 94 North Carolina _ _ _ 5, 535 1,279 4, 796 225,311 4. 07 Oklahoma _ _ _ _ 3, 341 1,525 6,222 150, 036 4. 49 South Carolina _ _ _ _ _ 2, 604 1,134 3, 988 141,732 5. 44 Tennessee _ _ 4,347 1,279 5,014 155, 927 3. 59 Texas.. _ _ 14,380 1,640 6, 874 546, 691 3.80 Virginia . . . 5,603 1,569 6, 477 188, 478 3. 36 West Virginia _ ... _ 2, 586 1,316 4,816 96, 059 3.71 District of Columbia . 1,947 2, 321 15, 959 38,060 1. 95 West _ _ _ 48,618 2,091 9, 448 2,145,419 4.41 Arizona. . . . 1,633 1,584 6, 558 83, 138 5.09 California . . . . 30, 224 2, 330 11,207 1, 280, 350 4.24 Colorado . . . . 2, 783 1,784 7, 929 126,061 4. 53 Idaho. _ _ _ _ _ 917 1,506 5, 660 42, 964 4. 69 Montana . . . . 1,158 1,844 7, 569 51,722 4. 47 Nevada. _ .. .. . . . 582 2, 376 11,640 21,638 3. 72 New Mexico _ _ _ _ _ 1,159 1,463 5,317 73, 640 6. 35 Oregon _ ... _ _ _ 3,139 1,853 8,217 136,818 4. 36 Utah.... _ _ _ _ 1,242 1, 554 5, 777 68. 861 5. 54 Washington . . . . 5,211 1,990 8,802 225,113 4. 32 Wyoming _ _ _ _ 570 1,833 7, 500 35,114 6.16 1 Includes current expenditures, capital outlay, and interest. Sources: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey o) Education in the United States, 1954-56, chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1955-56; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics: Survey of Current Business, August 1958. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 39 Table 21. — Expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance , and average annual salary of total instructional staff in public elementary and secondary schools , by State: 1955-56 Region and State Expenditure per pupil Average annual salary of instruc¬ tional staffs Total Current Capital outlay Interest 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States . $388. 06 $294. 22 2 $86. 06 $7. 78 $4, 156 Northeast Connecticut _ _ _ . 445. 06 340.87 92. 97 11. 22 4,730 Maine . . . - . . 241.90 221. 52 2 17. 42 2.96 2,881 392. 61 328.20 3 64.41 4, 337 New Hampshire _ . _ _ 358. 98 282.64 70.99 5. 35 3, 510 New Jersey.. . . . 519. 39 381.96 126. 58 10. 85 4, 747 New York . . . . . . . 583. 82 425. 61 140.60 17. 61 5, 277 Pennsylvania . 362. 83 333. 45 *24. 97 4.41 4 4,400 362. 43 324. 92 37. 51 4, 442 Vermont . . . . - . 325. 64 262. 66 59. 02 3. 96 3,105 North Central Illinois . . . . . . - 477. 67 353. 48 111.06 13. 13 8 4, 757 Indiana _ _ _ — - 347.80 291. 22 2 53. 99 2.59 4, 376 Iowa - - - - 378. 22 299. 05 73.91 5.26 3,181 Kansas. . . . . . 411.24 294.68 105. 18 11.38 3, 673 Michigan _ _ _ _ . — 454. 48 330.40 116. 44 7.64 4, 711 Minnesota - - - - - 467. 45 324. 57 131. 14 11.74 4,121 Missouri. . . . . 352. 24 263.94 82. 21 6. 09 3, 520 Nebraska . . . . . . . . 361.00 277. 51 76. 99 6.50 3, 171 North Dakota _ _ _ 354. 94 286.80 64. 46 3.68 *2,929 Ohio _ _ _ 388. 57 282.91 95. 13 10. 53 4, 337 South Dakota _ _ _ _ 371.31 309. 49 58.29 3.53 2,943 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ 442.90 334. 91 104. 13 3. 86 4, 127 South Alabama _ _ _ _ 206. 13 187. 64 17. 47 1.02 3, 386 Arkansas . — . . . _ _ 196. 59 160. 47 30. 84 5.28 2,378 Delaware _ _ _ _ 515. 62 365. 35 144. 57 5.70 4,561 Florida . . . . . . . 356. 86 3 257. 60 92. 39 6. 87 *4,130 Georgia.. . . . . .. . 222. 03 194. 03 2 25. 96 2. 04 3, 161 Kentucky . . . ... _ _ ... 179.23 168. 26 2 8. 88 2. 09 2,698 Louisiana _ _ _ _ 358. 07 281. 68 66. 07 10. 32 3, 885 Maryland . . . . . . . ... 422. 69 297. 09 113. 57 12.03 4, 513 Mississippi . . . . . ... 171.28 157. 47 13. 61 .20 2,436 North Carolina _ _ _ _ 241. 59 188.69 48. 66 4.24 3,400 Oklahoma . . . . ... 330. 64 249. 35 76. 14 5. 15 3,703 South Carolina . . _ . . . . 292. 26 188. 09 98. 46 5.71 3, 005 Tennessee _ .... _ _ ... 228. 88 188. 95 38. 34 1.59 3,156 Texas . . . . . 346. 13 265. 23 69.84 11.06 3,983 Virginia _ _ 280. 34 213. 50 62. 07 4. 77 3, 422 West Virginia _ _ _ ... 229. 37 197. 18 29.83 2.36 3,112 District of Columbia . . . 393. 53 348. 87 44. 66 5, 394 West Arizona _ .. . . . . . . . — 431. 10 312. 35 111. 18 7. 57 4, 472 California _ _ _ _ _ 499. 99 4 343. 54 145. 63 10. 82 5, 243 Colorado . . . . . . 452. 06 305. 58 135. 94 10. 54 4,012 Idaho. . . . . . . .. ... 327.88 245. 89 75. 41 6. 58 3, 550 Montana . . . 444. 37 348. 56 89. 61 6.20 3,633 Nevada _ _ _ _ 495.40 348. 31 133. 70 13. 39 4, 496 New Mexico . . ... _ _ 457. 01 318. 01 134. 31 4. 69 4, 492 Oregon . . . . 458. 41 356. 53 92. 45 9.43 4, 423 Utah _ _ _ 376. 89 240. 50 132. 10 4.29 3, 922 Washington . . . . 467. 13 332. 11 128.29 6.73 4, 554 Wyoming . . . . . 551. 06 344. 77 198.40 7. 89 3, 851 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . . . . . 490. 33 418. 66 9 62. 65 9.02 5,431 Canal Zone _ .. _ _ _ _ 292.88 272. 84 20.04 5,288 Guam. _ _ _ 334. 59 204. 16 130.43 3, 657 Hawaii _ _ .. . 270. 22 243. 55 23. 34 3. 33 4,230 Puerto Rico _ _ _ 94. 18 90.44 3.74 1,883 Virgin Islands.. . . . 190.64 187.11 3. 53 2,940 » Includes supervisors, principals, teachers, and other instructional staff. 2 Excludes capital outlays by State and local school building authorities. 3 Excludes capital outlays by regional school districts. 4 Estimated. 3 Includes administrators. • Includes 273 administrators; excludes 22 kindergarten teachers. 3 Includes community colleges. * Includes teachers in junior colleges. 9 Excludes capital outlays by the Alaska Public Works Program. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Bie nial Survey o Education in the United States, 1954-66, chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1955-5 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 One means of determining the effort a State is making to support its public school system is to compare total personal income with ex¬ penditures for public elementary and secondary schools. In 1955-56, expenditures for these schools amounted to 3.57 percent of personal income in the country as a whole, but expenditures ranged from 2.31 percent in one State to 6.35 percent in another (table 23). Some of the States which are making the greatest effort to improve their edu¬ cational systems arc States in which the personal income per capita is relatively low. The total expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in the continental United States in 1955-56 amounted to $388. This figure includes current expenditures, capital outlay, and interest payments. Expenditure per pupil ranged from $171 in one State to $584 in another. Thus, expenditure per pupil in the highest ranking State was more than three times as large as that in the lowest State. The average annual salary per member of instructional staff ranged from $2,378 to $5,277, the national average being $4,156 (table 24). Fall Survey of Enrollment, Teachers, and Schoolhousin g In the fall of 1954, the Office of Education inaugurated its series of annual surveys of Enrollment , Teachers , and Schoolhousiny in Full- Time Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools in order to pro¬ vide essential information about public elementary and secondary schools on a current basis. The fall report is intended to supplement, rather than to supplant, the more comprehensive data which appear in chapter 2 of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States. Table 25 presents summary data on enrollment, teachers, and school¬ housing from the fall surveys in 1954 and 1955. It should be noted that fall enrollment figures are not directly comparable with data for the entire school year, since the latter are cumulative figures which include pupils enrolled at any time during the school year, while the former relate to those pupils who are enrolled at a particular time dur¬ ing the year. Fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools rose from 29,410,000 in 1954 to 30,532,000 in 1955, an increase of 3.8 percent. The number of pupils in excess of normal capacity declined from 2,336,000 to 2,262,000 during the same period. The number of classroom teachers increased at a slightly faster rate than the number of pupils, with the result that the average number of pupils enrolled per teacher decreased from 27.6 to 26.9. The number of teachers with substandard certificates rose from 74,800 in 1954 to 77,600 in 1955. There were 1,038,000 instruction rooms available at the beginning of the 1955-56 school year, and an additional 62,800 rooms were completed during the year. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 41 Table 25. — Comparative statistics on enrollment , teachers, and schoolhousing in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, fall 1954 and 1955 Item fall 1954 Fall 1955 Perenl change 1954 to 1955 1 2 3 4 Enrollment Total enrollment . 29.410.118 30,532,166 +3.8 Elementary schools . (') 22.059.688 (•) Secondary schools . . . (*) 8. 472. 478 0) Percent of total enrollment in elementary schools . (0 72.3 (') Pei cent of total enrollment in secondary schools. . (>) 27 7 (*) Percent of population aged 5-17 years enrolled _ _ 81.0 81.0 Pupils In Excess of Normal Capacity Total number of pupils enrolled in excess of normal capacity of accessible publicly owned school plants in use . 2. 336, 068 2. 262, 434 -3.2 Elementary schools . . . (') 1, 700. 735 0) Secondary schools . 0) 555, 699 (') Percent of total excess enrollment in elementary schools . (') 75.4 (•) Percent of total excess enrollment in secondary schools _ (') 24.6 0) Pupils in excess of normal capacity as percent of total enrollment- 7. 9 7.4 *-.5 Elementary schools . (') 7.7 (*) Secondary schools . 0) 6.6 (*) Classroom Teachers Total teachers, full-time and part-time . 1,060,853 1,135.930 +6.5 Elementary . 690. 457 729. 194 +5.6 Secondary . . . . 376, 396 406, 736 +8.1 Percent of total teachers in elementary schools . 64.7 64.2 *-.5 Percent of total teachers in secondary schools . . 35.3 35.8 H-.5 Pupil-Teacher Ratio Pupil-teacher ratio, all schools . 27.6 26.9 *-.7 Elementary . . (') 30.3 (*) Secondary . . . (*) 20.8 (!) Teachers With Substandard Certificates Total full-time teachers with substandard certificates . 74,815 77. 554 +3.7 Elementary . . . . 60. 520 59, 453 -1.8 Secondary . 14, 2y5 18. 10! +26.6 Percent of teachers with substandard certificates in elementary schools . 80.9 76.7 *-4.2 Pei cent of teachers with substandard certificates in secondary schools . 19. 1 23.3 *+4.2 *-.2 Teachers with substandard certificates as percent of total teachers _ 7.0 6.8 Elementary . 8.8 8.2 *-.6 Secondary . 3.8 4.5 *+• 7 Schoolhousing Number of publicly owned instruction rooms at beginning of school year. . 0) 1, 038, OOu (') Number of rooms abandoned for instructional purposes during school year . . . (0 14,000 0) Number of instiucticn rooms completed during school year . (0 62, 766 0) i Data not available. • Absolute change in percentage points. Soi’rck: U S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of Education: Circulars No. 407, Rovl>ed. and No. 490, Enrollment, Ttachtrs, and Schoolhousiny in Full-Time Public Lie me alary and Second¬ ary Lay Schools. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Federally Aided Vocational Education Enrollments in federally aided vocational classes of less-than-college grade in the fields of agriculture, distributive occupations, home economics, and trades and industry numbered 3.4 million pupils in 1955-56 (tables 26 and 27). Federal allotments for these classes, provided by the Smith-Hughes and the George-Barden Acts, amounted to $33 million; in addition, State and local funds totaled almost $143 million (table 28). The Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education for the fiscal }rear ended June 30, 1956, which was prepared by the Division of Vocational Education of the Office of Education, contains detailed enrollment and financial data, by State and by type of program, for these vocational classes. Table 26. — Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of pro¬ gram: Continental United States, 1936-37 to 1955-56 Year Total Type of program Agriculture Distributive occupations Home economics Trades and industry 1 2 3 4 5 6 1936-37 . 1, 344, 728 386, 302 377, 436 580,990 1937-38. . 1. 810, 082 460, 876 36, 008 627, 394 685, 804 1938-39 . . 2, 083, 757 538, 586 88,429 741, 503 715, 239 1939-40 . . 2, 290, 741 584, 133 129, 433 818, 766 758, 409 1940-41 . . . 2, 429, 054 596, 033 156, 615 871, 891 804, 515 1941-42 . . . . . 2, 624, 786 605, 099 215, 049 954, 041 850, 597 1942-43. . . . 2, 281, 743 491, 967 297, 534 873, 771 618, 471 1943-44 . . . . 2, 001, 153 469, 959 181, 509 806,605 543,080 1944-45 . . . 2, 012, 931 446, 953 152, 781 890, 464 522, 733 1945-46 . . 2, 227, 663 510, 331 174, 672 911,816 630, 844 1946-47 . . 2. 508, 618 584,533 235. 141 968, 846 720, 098 1947-48 . . 2, 836, 121 640, 791 292, 936 1, 139, 766 762, 628 1948-49. . . 3, 095, 513 651, 604 313, 475 1, 328, 521 801, 913 1949-50 . . 3, 364, 613 764, 975 364, 670 1, 430, 366 804, 602 1950-51 . . . 3. 363, 412 771, 028 341, 440 1, 458, 605 792, 339 1951-52 . 3, 165, 988 746, 402 234,984 1, 391, 389 793, 213 1952-53 . 3, 100, 139 755, 293 209, 012 1, 327, 285 808, 549 1953-54 . . 3, 164, 851 737, 502 220, 619 1, 380, 147 826, 583 1954-55 . . . 3, 314, 255 776, 138 235. 355 1, 431, 808 870, 954 1955-56 _ _ _ _ 3, 413, 159 785, 599 257,025 1, 486, 8l6 883, 719 Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education, fiscal year ended June 30, 1957. Table 27. — Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of class and type of program: Continental United States, 1955—56 Type of class Total Agriculture Distributive occupations Home economics Trades and industry 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total ... . 3,413, 159 785,599 257, 025 1,486,816 883, 719 Evening _ 1, 456, 327 399, 303 1 1, 557, 529 277, 849 47, 450 1 460, 300 173, 085 83, 940 565, 753 70, 532 850, 531 439, 640 197, 381 246, 698 Part-time _ All-day _ _ • Includes enrollment in day-unit classes. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education, fiscal year ended June 30, 1957. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 43 Table 28. — Expenditures of Federal , State , and local funds for vocational education: Continental United States , 1936-37 to 1955-56 [Thousands of dollars] Year Expenditure Year Expenditure Total From Federal funds From State and local funds Total From Federal funds From State and local funds 1 2 3 4 i 2 3 4 1936- 37 _ 1937- 38 _ 1938- 39 _ 1939- 40 _ 1940- 41 _ 1941- 42 _ 1942- 43 _ 1943- 44. . 1944- 45 _ 1945- 46 . $36, 399 44, 995 52, 668 55,081 57, 705 59,023 63, 488 64, 299 65, 642 72, 807 $10, 014 17, 737 19, 435 20,004 20, 547 20, 758 20, 307 19, 958 20,005 20, 628 $26. 386 27, 257 33, 234 35, 077 37, 159 38, 265 43, 182 44, 341 45, 637 52, 179 1946- 47 _ 1947- 48 . 1948- 49 . 1949- 50 _ 1950- 51 . 1951- 52 _ 1952- 53 _ 1953- 54 . 1954- 55 _ 1955- 56 . $83, 252 103,339 115, 131 128, 717 137, 354 146, 466 145, 951 151, 289 164, 761 175,886 $21, 087 26, 200 26,409 26,623 26, 685 25,863 25, 366 25, 419 30, 351 33, 180 $62, 165 77. 139 88,722 102,094 110, 669 120, 603 120, 585 125, 870 134, 410 142, 705 Note.— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education, fiscal year ended June 30, 1957. Local School Systems For many years the Office of Education has published data on city school systems as chapter 3 of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States. In 1955-56, the survey of local school systems was expanded to include not only the traditional statistics of city school systems, but also suburban city school systems, county-unit school systems, and school systems in rural counties. “Statistics of City School Systems” constitutes chapter 3, section I, of the present Biennial Survey , and the reports on suburban city systems, county- unit systems, and systems in rural counties make up sections II, III, and IV, respectively. Statistics of City School Systems A city school system is defined as one which is located in a city of 2,500 or more; it is administered by a superintendent under a board of education as a school district operating coordinate with, or under, a municipal government. Table 29 presents for 1955-56 a compara¬ tive summary of data, by city-size group, as follows: number of city school systems; number of staff members, by type; enrollment, by level; aggregate and average daily attendance; and certain derived data. Table 30 presents the following financial data, by city-size group: receipts, by source; expenditures, by purpose; balances; bonds and sinking funds; and value of school property. Table 29. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more , by size of city: 1955-56 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 k. O C > ^ o £-c ^ CM tO O 06 tC Cl tO CM 20 o cm rr cm ro >8 = CS ^3 = 2^ oo 3 o=o o Q. co o to X oo oo trT o o 5o NO Cl X O O Hf o o a. to -r »0 CO Cl »o CM O C-. Cl *— to CO to °§l _ 0.0 • C 8.2 X CO CO Cl tO o So V I • O to §1 b-“ CO ^ ^ i- cc nW CM «— I - S S2 r? © o CO Cl CM -r tC I' e| 2 13 >.3 « c . C O — M — ~ _ ETa> C O a, C, a .. i* : > J g .0.3 BE 3 3 •~.C JS = g a £ a 52 53 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION s © lO Jo 76,233 977,021 618, (Ml 3, 797 1,398, 439 248, 536, 563 23.6 26.6 88.8 178 158 29.0 106 28 5 746 19,317 CM 0)00 1C CO CO CM O 00 1,842,929 328,483,644 24.2 27.3 88.4 178 158 26.9 35!Si8 -«r cc co oc »o o 00 o cm* O CO 00 ‘O xVcoV 1— X t- to CM cr. CM CO 1 1 '2 P-es-e oS& 05 a HHCJ-O 0.0 ■£ oo 3 £0 a O°.o *o — 00P3ONNON® lOOweoiciON esoo»o — co^fiNio • O CO *0 —i CO C4 . 2S 05 00 £|I C°-o O o. 00 so 2*Sw 0«! 000500^0300050 r^t^iNO^csoco CO yc •3 . • ‘S'O o2 a E- a ®r: oj 9 >32 ©-2 o3 S.s*s .2 =3 0-a a *0 § ->.2 “ £ JS > T3 *2 3 o ®_2 O O c*h 0,0 h a © lag-Ss £ l<0Q&4 o s ci CO*Or^OOCOOMN(M MDONlNfOC^O f-T^Tio of co co of cf »— < CS f < T3 n Q« . cl fl c3 o3 n c3+j 52'S'*J a ca a jg tgg-ggisig a:a§3 q.5 .a 3 OghO 13 'S © S gs i iiWg "3 ■o « j- &£? JTn 1 r~1 3 JlS o co © o o co q g •M O g County-unit school systems, even though many arc typically rural, have been excluded becauso a separate study was made of them (see tables 37. 38, and 39). 2 Counties having: 85 percent or more of their inhabitants classified as rural, with 50 percent or more of their rural population living on farms. 3 Counties having 85 percent or more of their inhabitants classified as rural, with less than 50 percent of their rural population living on farms. « Counties having at least 75 but less than 85 percent of their inhabitants classified as rural, with 50 percent or’more of their rural population living on farms. 4 Counties having at least 60 but less than 75 percent of thoir inhabitants classified as rural, with 50 per¬ cent or more of their rural population, living on farms. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey ot Education in the United Stales, 195/t-6fi, chapter 3, section IV, Statistics of Local School Systems: Rural Counties, 1955-56. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 61 Table 41. — Comparative summary of financial data for public schools of 1,199 rural counties 1 in 38 States, by degree of ruralness: 1955-56 [Thousands of dollars] Item All groups combined Group A 1 2 Group B 3 Group C 4 * Group D 6 i 2 3 4 5 6 Total Receipts and Balances _ $1, 507, 713 $361,307 $357,470 $302, 318 $486,558 Revenue receipts . . 1,042, 742 256,092 244, 687 212,027 329, 935 From Federal and State Governments. 470, 770 119,816 99,544 101,756 110, 272 149, 655 Local sources . . . 571,972 136, 277 145, 144 180,280 Taxes and appropriations - 459, 555 111,166 115, 370 88,416 144,603 Separate tax levy for debt services. 43, 195 7,315 13, 854 7, 420 14, 606 Transfers of funds from other school districts for tuition and transportation . . . 36, 493 8,061 6, 392 9,012 13,028 Other local revenue receipts _ 32, 729 9, 735 9, 528 5, 424 8,042 Nonrevenue receipts . 175, 946 38,022 43, 204 35,427 59,293 Balances . . . . — 289, 025 67, 253 69, 579 54, 864 97, 330 Total Expenditures and Bal- ances . . . 1,507,713 361,367 357,470 302,318 486, 558 Current expenditures . . . 910, 124 228, 534 210, 939 185, 389 285, 262 For full-time day schools . 877, 086 220,150 204, 703 177, 320 274,913 Administration . . . . . 41,541 10, 346 10, 426 8, 223 12, 546 Instruction . . 593, 208 148, 422 134, 272 121,742 188, 772 Salaries . . . . 555. 482 139,049 124,618 114, 444 177,371 Supervisors and principals... 29, 609 6, 683 6, 821 6, 878 10,228 Teachers and other non- supervisory instructional staff . . . 523, 301 131, 962 116, 989 108, 105 166, 245 Clerks . . . 2, 572 404 809 461 899 Other expenses of instruc¬ tion (free textbooks, sup¬ plies, school library, etc.).. 37, 726 9,373 9,654 7,298 11,401 Operation of school plant... . 77, 022 18, 264 19, 990 14,519 24, 250 Maintenance of school plant . 32, 381 8,002 7, 683 6, 765 9,931 Auxiliary school services . . 108,060 29, 009 25,800 21,711 31,540 Promotion of health . . 2, 187 3?0 733 376 748 Transportation of pupils . 81, 625 22, 694 19,442 16, 672 22, 817 School lunch _ _ _ 13, 648 3, 464 3,019 2, 658 4, 507 Other school services, including attendance . . 10, 600 2,521 2, 606 2,006 3, 467 Fixed charges allocated to per pupil cost . . . . . . 24, 874 6,108 6, 532 4, 360 7,875 Other current expenditures (includes community services, fixed charges not allocated to pupil costs, adult educa¬ tion and summer schools) _ _ 33,038 8, 383 6, 237 8,069 10, 349 Expenditures for capital outlay . 194, 656 39, 849 49, 554 39, 275 65, 978 Expenditures for debt service . . . 78, 813 16, 451 23, 815 15, 176 23, 372 Balances . . 324, 120 76, 534 73, 162 62, 479 111,946 1 County-unit school systems, even though many are typically rural, have been excluded because a sepa¬ rate study was made of them (see tables 37, 38, and 39). 2 Counties having 85 percent or more of their inhabitants classified as rural, with 50 percent or more of their rural population living on farms. 3 Counties having 85 percent or more of their inhabitants classified as rural, with less than 50 percent of their rural population living on farms. 4 Counties having at least 75 but less than 85 percent of their inhabitants classified as rural, with 50 percent or more of their rural population living on farms. • Counties having at least 60 but less than 75 percent of their inhabitants classified as rural, with 50 percent or more of their rural population living on farms. Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1951,-56, chapter 3, section IV, Statistics of Local School Systems: Rural Counties, 1955-56. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 42.— -Selected data on schools , pupils , teachers , and finances for groups of rural counties 1 and large cities in 38 States: 1955-56 iturai county group uity-size group Item All groups com¬ bined A * B 8 C* D« I ® H 7 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Schools, Pupils, and Teachers Average enrollment per school: Elementary . . . . 94.0 71.1 100.8 97.9 118.5 678.4 449.2 Secondary . . . . 159.3 137.2 143.6 175.3 183.2 1,362.7 924.6 Number of classroom teachers per school: Elementary _ _ 3.3 2.6 3.9 3.4 4.0 20.6 14.8 Secondary _ 8.4 7.3 8.2 8.7 9.3 54.6 39.0 Percent of pupils enrolled in average daily attendance: Elementary . . 87.3 86.0 89.0 87.2 87.5 85.8 88.2 Secondary.. .. . . 88.8 89.2 89.6 87.9 88.7 87.4 90.1 Pupil-teacher ratio: 8 Elementary _ _ _ _ 28.1 27.4 26.2 29.1 29.5 33.0 30.3 Secondary.. _ _ 19. 1 18.8 17.5 20. 1 19.6 25.0 23.7 Male teachers as percent of total: Elementary _ _ _ _ 12.2 12.3 15.2 11.0 11.1 12.1 10.0 Secondary . . . . 53.5 54.1 56.8 52.4 51.5 47.1 48.2 Finances Percentage distribution of revenue receipts, by source: Federal and State . . . . 45.1 46.8 40.7 48.0 45.4 25.4 31.5 Local . . . 54.9 53.2 59.3 52.0 54.6 74.6 68.5 Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance. . . $237 $222 $288 $221 $229 $333 $305 Percentage for: Administration _ _ _ 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.6 4.6 2.8 3.0 Instruction _ _ _ 67.6 67.4 65.6 68.7 68.7 72.6 73.8 Auxiliary services: Transportation _ 9.3 10.3 9.5 9.4 8.3 0.7 0.9 Other . . . . 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.8 3.8 Operation and maintenance. . 12.5 11.9 13.5 12.0 12.4 14.3 15.7 Fixed charges _ 2.8 2.8 3.2 2.5 2.8 6.8 2.8 Average annual salary per member of total instructional staff _ $3, 137 $2,873 $3,427 $3,092 $3, 210 $5,392 $4,750 1 County-unit school systems, even though many are typically rural, have been excluded because a separate study was made of them (see tables 37, 38, and 39). 2 Counties having 85 percent or more of their inhabitants classified as rural in 1950, with 50 percent or more of their rural population living on farms. 3 Counties having 85 percent or more of their inhabitants classified as rural in 1950, with less than 50 percent of their rural population living on farms. * Counties having at least 75 but less than 85 percent of their inhabitants classified as rural in 1950, with 50 percent or more of their rural population living on farms. 8 Counties having at least 60 but less than 75 percent of their inhabitants classified as rural in 1950, with 50 percent or more of their rural population living on farms. 6 Cities having a 1950 population of 100,000 or more. 7 Cities having a 1950 population of 25,000 to 99,999. 8 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher. Source: U.S. Department of ITealth, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-66, chapter 3, section IV, Statistics of Local School Systems: Rural Counties, 1955-56. In order to present an over-all picture of rural education in the United States, there was a need to summarize the information avail¬ able on education in all rural counties. Chapter 3 of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States in section III, County Units, includes rural counties having only a single district per county, and in section IV, Rural Counties, covers rural counties having more than one district. Table 43 presents certain derived data for 1955-56 for STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 63 Table 43. — Selected data on public school systems in rural counties 1 and in cities, by size of city: 1955—56 Rural City -size group (based on U.S. Census of 1950) Item coun¬ ties 1 2,500 to 9,999 popu¬ lation 10,000 to 24,999 popu¬ lation 25,000 popu¬ lation or more 1 2 3 4 5 Percent of total enrollment: 73.0 67.3 65.2 67.7 27.0 32.7 34.8 32.3 26. 1 27.0 27.4 28.8 29.3 30.3 30.0 31.8 Secondary _ 20.3 22.2 23.5 24. 1 Male teachers as percent of all teachers _ 25.3 27.7 27.5 25.0 Elementary _ 11.9 11.6 11.3 11.2 Secondary _ 50.5 52.0 51.2 46.9 Average enrollment per school _ 119.6 354.0 464.8 685.4 Elementary _ 106.8 324.2 382.1 576.3 Secondary _ _ _ 177.2 436.3 781. 1 1, 135. 9 Average number of instructional staff members 2 per school _ 4.8 14.0 18.3 25.5 Average number of teachers per elementary school . Average number of teachers per secondary school _ 3.7 8.7 10.7 19.7 12.7 33.3 18.1 47.1 Percent average daily attendance is of enrollment _ 87.4 88.6 89.3 87.0 Elementary _ 87.0 87.7 88.5 86.5 Secondary _ 88.4 90.4 90.9 88.2 Percent of systems reporting: Kindergarten _ _ _ _ _ 27.3 57.6 61.9 73.4 Adult education programs _ 18.3 9.7 25.3 49.1 Public summer schools _ 2.6 2.8 12.6 31.5 Average annual salary per member of instructional staff 2 _ _ _ $3,123 221 $4,034 $4,375 $5,068 321 Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance . . . . . . . 273 286 Expenditure for instruction per pupil in average daily attendance. _ 152 195 211 234 Expenditure for transportation per pupil in average daily attendance _ _ 21 10 5 3 1 Includes all rural counties, both multiple district and county unit, which meet the following criteria of ruralness: (1) 60 percent or more of the total population of the county in 1950 was rural; and (2) in any county with only between 60 and 85 percent of its population reported as rural, at least 50 percent of the rural population lived on farms. 2 Includes supervisors, principals, classroom teachers, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Circular No. 565, Statistics of Rural Schools, A U.S. Summary. all rural counties (1,199 multiple-district and 561 single-district), and also for independent city systems, by size, In general, school sys¬ tems in rural counties were found to deviate markedly from those in cities: the average enrollment per school in rural counties was much smaller than the city systems; average salaries and expenditure per pupil were also much lower. Higher Education General Trends Table 44 presents in concise form a picture of the growth of insti¬ tutions of higher education in the continental United States from 1869-70 to 1955-56. The number of faculty members increased Table 44. — Historical summary of faculty, students , degrees, and finances, institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1866-70 to 1955-56 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 ! o S ocT 04 oo rr CO CO tO Sec o 04 00 L- OS ^ *-» O od of 04 00 £ CO cs CO L- 04 to $ 04 S 59, 376 19, 882 8, 903 8, 018 885 CS S of t^oo CO 1953-54 s to CD 04 ^ o oc o o 3 C4 „ 2, 514, 712 CO CO CD -t* ^ 04 si 290, 825 186, 528 104, 297 56, 788 38, 122 18, 666 8, 995 8, 180 815 1951-52 a 244, 488 187, 136 57, 352 2,301,884 1, 510, 650 791, 234 329, 986 225, 981 104, 005 63, 634 43, 557 19, 977 7, 683 6,969 714 1949-50 o 246, 722 186, 189 60, 533 2, 659, 021 1, 853, 068 805, 953 432, 058 328, 841 103,217 58, 183 41, 220 16, 963 6, 633 5, 990 643 1939-40 ©s 146, 929 106, 328 40, 601 1, 494, 203 893, 250 600, 953 186, 500 109, 546 76,954 26, 731 16, 508 10,223 3, 290 2, 861 429 1929-30 00 82, 386 60, 017 22, 369 1,100,737 619, 935 480, 802 122, 484 73,615 48, 869 9 14, 969 lO rt< oocd • 2. 299 co co Tt- to os CO 8 £ CS r* tO 00 35. 807 12.808 597, 880 314, 938 282, 942 48, 622 31, 980 16, 642 9 4, 279 9 2, 985 9 1,294 tO s 9 522 93 O I 1 2 | 1 co o 00 c CO 29, 132 7, 348 355, 213 oo to ss ^ © 04 — < 37, 199 28, 762 8, 437 CO 04 to 00 . tO to «© 9 443 gS CO 1899-1900 23, 868 19, 151 4,717 04 iC t-~ 04 ^ 00 »C CO 04 CO of iO toco 27,410 22, 173 5,237 1, 583 1,280 303 04 00 CO os CO to 04 CO ^ o CS i 00 § 00 tO ss C-V h 1 NW T' 12,896 10,411 2, 485 os • 00 00 1-1 sr •s t-H.CO 1 to ^ 1869-70 w SI iO to CO 00 CO 00 CO CO 00 04 of to s§ 9, 371 7,993 1,378 o o o r-. O Item Faculty 1 Total.. . Men . . Women . . Resident college enrollment * Total.... . Men . . Women. . . Earned degrees conferred 5 Bachelor’s and first pro¬ fessional: Total . . . Men. . . ... Women... . Second level (master’s except first profes- . sional) : Total _ _ Men . . . Women . . Doctor’s: Total... . . Men... . . . Women _ _ _ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 65 § § o o ^ 05 oo o 05 CO sf s CO (M »-H *a eo co O *0 CO i s ^ CO 3 S G CS 00 ft ® ! 8 g ; a M l,a *§ «j.s |8r o 3 ■§| _ 3.3 « - S-- a -2 as a o. |8|&S^s SnS O '3.3'O©0s®qa W W > W +JT3 a q © © a & & © |s 32 2-3 |S Sit u* • © o afl s> 5 e Si QS 32 ©7* c Sn sw 3w -O O W <» 0 S O co q C3 II Si 13 -T l| ll S o 5-2 ; 4? os ° e & e-2 ... ©•’g fiS . BT3 s^gg ss«l& ill! § .C 3 S 3Cfl^ ^ 03 03 O Si §§Qeh.S -cSj r-g g.b) oN CO v i=>3i . ••CQ a 8-aS gig OS3 co.^'o oqw a o © 3 CO 3 O J> W- oa 3 | la 3 .o .3 S o> « 2 ■S^ ft© 2 © S.3 ^03 O "fe bC^ sas f§l 0’S ® ^«§g 1118 a ©is l^ls* “ ft “ ft "if ■so ftT3 t. s © e 8 w c .3 ■a.9 «3««f “ o O In « © * "S® ©-2 E-*WQ« -CQojex; fe - r o-| 650714 — 59- 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 from less than 6,000 in 1869-70 to approximately 299,000 in Novem¬ ber 1955; resident college enrollment grew from 52,000 to 2,637,000 in November 1955; and the number of bachelor’s and first professional degrees conferred rose from 9,000 to 309,000 in 1955-56. There have also been vast increases in the income, expenditures, and value of property and endowment funds of institutions of higher education since 1889-90, the first year for which financial statistics of higher education are available. Some indication of the magnitude of the increase in the proportion of college-age persons who are attending college at the present time as compared with earlier years may be obtained from table 45. This table compares enrollment in institutions of higher education with population aged 18-21 and 18-24 from 1869-70 to 1955-56. While Table 45 .—Population and resident enrollment in institutions of higher education: Continental United States , 1869-70 to 1955-56 Academic year 1869-70— 1879-80 .. 1889-90 .. 1899-1900 1909-10 — 1919-20 1929-30 ... 1939-40 ... 1941-42 — 1943-44— 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50- 1951-52 1953-54. 1955-56. . Population 1 * * Resident college enrollment * Per 100 persons Total 18-21 years 18-24 years Number of age of age 18-21 years 18-24 years of age of age 2 3 4 5 6 7 39, 818, 449 3,116, 000 4, 574, 000 52, 286 1.68 1.14 50, 155, 783 4, 253, 000 7, 092, 000 115, 817 2. 72 1.63 62, 947, 714 75, 994. 575 5, 160, 000 8, 820, 000 156, 756 3. 04 1.78 5,931,000 10, 357, 000 237, 592 355, 213 4.01 2.29 90, 492, 000 6, 934,000 12, 300, 000 5. 12 2.89 104, 512, 000 121, 770, 000 130, 880, 000 7, 386, 000 8, 862, 000 9, 528, 000 9, 563, 000 9, 074, 000 8, 048, 000 12,830,000 15, 280, 000 16, 439,000 16, 569, 000 15, 668, 000 13, 620, 000 597, 880 1, 100, 737 1, 494, 203 1, 403, 990 8. 09 12. 42 15.68 14.68 12.73 4.66 7.20 9. 09 8. 47 7. 37 12.31 133, 121, 000 134, 245, 000 132,481,000 1, 155, 272 / 3 i, 676, 851 \ 4 1, 215, 000 15. 10 143,446,000 9, 062, 000 16, 031, 000 f 3 2, 616, 262 l 4 1, 360, 000 / 3 2, 659, 021 l 4 1, 730, 000 / 3 2, 301, 884 \ 4 1, 878, 000 / 3 2, 514, 712 l 5 2, 180, 843 16.32 15.01 148, 665, 000 8, 898, 000 15, 808, 000 16.82 19.44 153, 384, 000 8, 597, 000 15, 198, 000 15. 15 21. 84 158, 313, 000 8, 410, 000 14, 610, 000 17. 21 25.93 164, 303,000 8,536,000 14, 722, 000 f « 2, 996, 000 l 4 2, 478, 000 20. 35 29. 03 1 Figures in columns 2-4 exclude Armed Forces overseas. In column 2 the figures are actual Census counts as of June 1 from 1870 to 1900, inclusive; for later years they are estimates by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1 preceding the opening of each school year. In columns 3 and 4 the figures are estimates by the Office of Education from data for broad age-groups supplied by the Bureau of the Census. * Number of resident college-grade students, full-time and part-time, enrolled during the academic year. Excludes enrollment in summer sessions. * Total enrollment including veterans and nonveteran students. Since most veterans are more than 21 years of age, total enrollment is related to population aged 18-24 in column 7. 4 Nonveteran students only, estimated. Since most nonveteran students are 18-21 years of age, non¬ veteran enrollment is related to population aged 18-21 in column 6. • Nonveteran students only, actual data. See also footnote 4. • Estimated total enrollment. See also footnote 3. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1964-56, chapter 4, section I, Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1955-56. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 67 18-21 is the usual or typical age when young people are enrolled in college, it is now generally recognized that many college students are outside this age group. This is particularly true in the case of grad¬ uate students and of students who enter college after serving in the Armed Forces. Because of the large number of students who are beyond the age of 21, total college enrollment has been compared with population aged 18-24, while the number of non veteran students has been compared with population aged 18-21. The reader is cautioned, however, against the unwarranted assumption that all college students are between the ages of 18 and 24, or that all non¬ veteran students are between the ages of 18 and 21. Students and Degrees In November 1955, 2,637,000 resident degree-credit students were enrolled in institutions of higher education in the continental United States, an increase of 20 percent over November 1953 (table 46). The term “degree-credit students” refers to those students whose current program in an institution of higher education consists wholly or principally of work which is creditable toward a bachelor’s or higher degree, either in the student’s own institution or by transfer to another institution. Fifty-five percent of these students attended public institutions, and 45 percent were enrolled in private schools in November 1955. An additional 197,000 resident students were en¬ rolled in nondegree-credit courses, i.e., in adult education and terminal occupational programs. Other enrollments in November 1955 were as follows: extension students, 271,000 (192,000 degree-credit and 79,000 nondegree-credit students); correspondence students, 157,000 (102,000 degree-credit and 55,000 nondegree-credit students); short courses, 58,000; and individual lessons, 24,000. Institutions of higher education in the continental United States conferred 309,000 bachelor’s and first-professional degrees, 59,000 second-level degrees, and 9,000 doctoral degrees during the academic year 1955-56. The total number of earned degrees conferred was approximately 6 percent higher than in 1953-54. Women received 36 percent of the bachelor’s degrees, 34 percent of the second-level degrees, and 10 percent of the doctorates in 1955-56. The number of degrees conferred in the United States and its out¬ lying parts in 1955-56 is shown in table 47 by level, by field of study, and by sex of recipient. More bachelor’s and first-professional degrees were conferred in education, business and commerce, and in engineering than in any other field. The degrees conferred in these fields were 71,000, 42,000, and 26,000, respectively. The leading fields in terms of the number of second-level degrees conferred were : 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 46. — Enrollment and degrees in institutions of higher education , by control of institution: Continental United States , 1955—56 and 1953—54 Item All institutions, 1955-56 All institu¬ tions, 1953-54 Public Private Total i 2 3 4 5 Enrollment 637, 554 1, 595, 515 1, 450, 458 409, 514 1, 238, 684 1, 186, 787 1,047,068 2, 834, 199 2, 637, 245 796, 970 2, 362, 127 2, 199, 972 Resident Students, November _ ._ Degree-credit _ _ 1, 328, 238 1,058,993 2, 387, 231 1,976,863 1, 053, 967 274, 271 797, 637 261, 356 1, 851, 604 535, 627 1, 552, 772 424, 091 Part-time _ _ Graduate . . 122, 220 127, 794 250, 014 223, 109 Nondegree-credit _ _ 145,057 51, 897 196, 954 162, 155 117, 824 27, 233 43, 185 8, 712 161,009 35, 945 162, 165 Terminal occupational _ Special or unclassified * _ _ 68, 374 81, 826 150,200 142, 702 First-time student 8 _ _ 409, 157 292, 855 702, 012 574, 863 Full-time _ _ _ 338, 110 71,047 237, 122 55, 733 575, 232 126, 780 487, 638 87,225 Part-time _ _ Extension Students, November _ 218,911 52, 562 271, 473 200,236 Degree-credit— . . . . . 152, 545 66, 366 39, 136 13, 426 191, 681 79,792 150, 420 49, 816 Nondegree-credit _ _ Veterans 4 _ _ 263, 934 191,277 455,211 275,800 World War II (P.L. 16 and 346) . . 14, 533 249, 401 29, 097 162, 180 43,630 411,581 134, 391 141,409 Korean conflict (P.L. 550 and 894) _ Other Enrollments, November: Correspondence students _ _ _ 98, 405 58, 287 156, 692 136, 606 Degree-credit . . . . . 80,025 18, 380 22, 270 36,017 102, 295 54, 397 94,639 41, 967 Nondegree-credit _ _ Short courses _ _ _ 42, 863 3, 482 15,087 20,305 57, 950 23, 787 66,777 19,116 Individual lessons.. . _ _ Earned degrees conferred Bachelor’s and Ist-Professional, Total Men . . . 160,032 148, 780 308,812 290, 825 98, 931 61, 101 99, 302 49, 478 198, 233 110, 579 186, 528 104. 297 Women _ _ _ _ Master’s, Except Ist-Professional, Total «. Men _ _ _ _ 33,059 26, 199 59, 258 56, 788 21, 853 11,206 17, 523 8, 676 39, 376 19, 882 38, 122 18, 666 Women _ _ _ . Doctor’s, Total . . . 4, 583 4,320 8,903 8,995 Men _ 4, 169 414 3,849 471 8,018 885 8, 180 815 Women _ _ _ 1 Summer sessions of 1955 and 1953, respectively. 3 Included in the number of resident degree-credit students as "undergraduate” or "graduate” according to the level of work pursued, and insofar as appropriate, in the number of veteran degree-credit students. * Resident students enrolled for the first time in any college. Included in the number of resident under¬ graduate degree-credit students. * Included in the number of resident or extension degree-credit students, as appropriate. 4 Includes bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, and such first-professional degrees as M.D., LL.B., D.D.S., and B.D. Also includes certain master's degrees when they constitute the first-professional degree in their respective fields. * Includes degrees beyond the bachelor’s or first-professional level, but below the doctorate. This cate¬ gory does not include such degrees as Master of Library Science, Master of Social Work, Master of Business Administration, etc., when these constitute first-professional degrees. Sources: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education; Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1962-54 and 1954-66, chapter 4, section I, Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54 and 1955-56; and unpublished data available in the Office of Education. Doctorate (Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) Women H > STIC e* AL US 1 OO GO SI CO JMMARY IH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 OF EDUCATIOI it ii i i Dl i ii a a ii i ii ii ii | ii ii ii • ii ii ii ' ii ii ii i ii ii ii i ii ii ii i . . • ii ii ii • sT UT 69 1 1 1 1 Men w 8,018 339 1 t^ioecoo G rH II ^ | 1,379 co *o co Both sexes 59, 440 07 :~ GO (N N N •<*< 07 ^ QC 07 *h *0 00*0 10^4 C* © 1-H rr US (30 US 1-H ® 1, 759 CO »-H C* CO COHN Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree CD ID CO !— I t— HON >02 1-1 II -3 1 Tj< ■*< y-> »-l oa I-l H 1-H »-» tN (NOO^N Bachelor’s or first-professional degree Women US 111, 727 111 COININN N 1 -^4 CO HH 1 Oi 1 70 2,959 544 1,560 97 445 Men 199,571 5,030 469 1,296 313 142 106 84 268 132 152 78 408 1,399 183 1,373 9, 607 3,946 3,441 166 1,324 Both sexes eo 311,298 5,141 472 1,318 315 144 106 88 284 143 153 78 409 1,448 183 1,443 12, 566 4,490 6,001 263 1,769 Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree N fflioooa oo-'*'® ®® o® £--- us C CO N *— i TJ4 CQ CO CO ^ i- 4 CO H CO 07 *0 P'* 00 IONC7N CO CO H Field of study - Total. . . . - . - . £ pa £ E- C s c < Agronomy field crops . Animal husbandry . - . Dairy husbandry . . . - . Dairy manufacturing, dairy technology . Farm management (excluding agricultural Food technology . - Horticulture (fruit and vegetable production) . Ornamental horticulture (floriculture, nurs¬ ery management, landscape gardening).. Poultry husbandry. . . Soils (soil science, soil management, soil con- servation).. . . . Agriculture, other specific major fields . Agricultural, general (general agricultural curriculum without major specialization).. Agriculture, uui tui tuci uiaDDiJ-icu - Architecture (excluding architectural engi- neering) . . . . Biological Sciences . . . Biological and premedical sciences, general.. Biology, general . Botany, general . Zoology, general . See footnotes at end of table. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 8. fee s 2 0 ■8 g 8 « & <*> "8 s§ 2 s 0) •5 fi 0 •§■§ 2.| u *0 W5 *8^ 8 2j ■£ 8 0* 2 % 8 8 a. 2 5 § «S sSa.9.a8 l^gfcSg? A « « OS »Ni-lrt tJ* l C4 Ttf O® 04 IM CO 'C* -t1 ■— l CO CO ®^®N <*< O* CO tN. > OM>. O © So I s° m m g P3f & ^ ^ w a >> “ >»•§ j a-§ H G si jfi& i ’jj® : ; ft a ! 1 1 a a ! "'O M ! ■SaS-S ! .SPagJoS’g : ig •2 .a 8\a;&§ pg4s&>,f esla- ISIII1II12-I III si; •sSS © © a d ft**-* © CO *3 bO t, o o a go's p *e -S qo®" od hffrt a § d « o.o Op § S fttejdJd3^-S 8 ◄« PQttHO O^^PhPhPhPQ o O fl 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 r ’-•CO 06 9 IZ 1 • 1 1 1 Men N 610 329 CO 204 6 73 110 14 2 203 SSES10^ 1 15 Both sexes 3 610 00 ! 00 CO 00 CO 235 5 81 127 20 2 253 CS to Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree to to 61 5 N N N OO 957 gs 006 116 375 317 78 14 417 COO^HHtOOOH to HtOrf ^ r>- © OO CO ^ CO CO Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree N 213 to o Oi N O0 »-H | 295 483 411 134 29 12 181 corses ^ ©CO H rH Field of study - Engineering * . English and Journalism... English and literature (including compara¬ tive literature) . . . Journalism . . . i’ine and Applied Arts _ Art, general curriculum (without major specialization) . . . Music (including sacred music; excluding music education) . . . Speech and dramatic arts (excluding speech correction) . . . . Fine and applied arts, other specific major fields. . . . . . . Fine and applied arts, not further classified. . Foreign Languages and Literature . Linguistics (including phonetics and se¬ mantics) . . . . . Latin and/or Greek . . . . . Modern foreign languages . . . Chinese. _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ji gel ® ® « Japanese . . . . . Philology and literature of Germanic languages . . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 73 OHIO I rH I 00 ^ONOO CO lO oo ^ io CC05(N^ 05 ^ 40 CD 40 ® 'ONO CO 40 CS ^ 40 NN I 40 00 rH CO ' iS2l NONh to w con S I SI ■ cs < >05 H{ *-H CS l-H . 05 »o IOOOONCOO- CD CO CD rH i (N CO COCO HHOOO 00 00 lOrfOH CD 05 o CO 40 H N CO IQ > be o © be £§© O 3 S-a ■§ Sb.2i3 S “ o 5a«c E oJ2 c! Ph Phoc ITS 5 Pm 2 a o Q Q if * 2 >» / hr i§ rf n-t S !oq a © Q ]g _ g SQ a5' © •si? O **“i is c3 Q< o • h y 1 ca ^a’Shg "a bebo9,'co §22 g 8 !q2 h-o © i ••§§£& >» be o ,■ II 6f aw la •O . £ o © 2 i i © 1*0 = 1 *§ >s d| Og® §1 w S'* _ - _ _ - , , X c9 '"S © »* ® ®W-S2^5 br 3-g. fro is 03 ri d bCTJ S cS^ o a-aSsS-s a d£g |g s2|5 g* ^e^SiagsSSRslSa' J=«aoO®®3®o BmUXI 3 « ©2 oQOKSS^; ooop^PhP4P3>d A a*l a°a S3 « o III s _'S a . - © c i r-i >»« gi. fl g £ © or > © W II S3 2 <^T3 •Is 8| «§« II exS © >— So o a ogsra :«3 a a^ -g S a g a 5.22a Soo o ® 05 •« § 2 § o ©T3 d 03 OG © © ©— ,2wic«© EaS’SSS E S oja 2 ofiBoo KOOPmS-WH S -8 &2=s See footnotes at end of table. Table 47. — Earned degrees , by level , by field of study , and by sex of recipient: Continental United States and outlying parts , 1955-56 — Continued - - - Doctorate (Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) BIEN1S a O a o £ UAL eo SURV 1-1 1 © EY 00 04 OF ED UC^ 1 10 iT10 68 ^ 1954-51 co co ca m3 5 1 00 04 1 1 1 l i i | Men 225 04 CO 05 CO If 77 00 C* m3 rH 669'! 20 20 934 1 10 462 149 NNOiO 04 rH CO | Both sexes a JO 235 200 35 j|j 82 05 CO M3 C4 1,667 §338 ^22 151 OONOO 04 rH n ! Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree o «o 54 10 22 4 O 05 H«JO *-< oo M3 CO M3 M3 co l Second-level degree (master’s except first-professional) Women a 143 179 174 5 29 18 11 220 04 ! 05 M3 1 04 1 23 M3 1 CO rH . 1 Men G C 30 719 650 69 i 238 MO CO 04 rH 2, 435 97 14 1,035 11 33 719 516 00 co 00 0 Both sexes 173 1 00 00 04 t>« 00 267 143 124 2, 655 149 14 1,164 11 34 742 531 491 17 14 9 0 Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree «© MS rH ^ 04 CO CO ^ rH N00Q M3 rH 00 04 00 rH 04 M3 05 M3 CO CO Bachelor’s or first-professional degree Women MS 1,233 1,523 1,503 20 325 oo OO CO 04 1,501 125 5 1,182 04 04 O o 00 78 2 M3 Men 359 3, 137 3,097 40 172 1,576 2, 343 1,117 1,226 10, 171 681 14 4, 996 15 74 2, 233 2,121 2, 060 25 6 30 37 Both sexes 1,592 4, 660 4, 600 60 II C*4 1,577 2, 668 1,404 1,264 11,672 806 19 6,178 15 76 2, 335 2,201 00 M3 CD 04 CO 04 CO of 42 Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree w 80 | CO M3 rH I 1 || *o 1 ^ *0 00 04 M3 pH O CO O M3 COHCO rH 04 rH Tf< 04 © 04 CO Field of study - W o Z H U ft ti¬ es •< es co 3 M ATHE M ATICALrS U EJECTS . . . . i U Mathematics . . . . •f' Statistics (including actuarial science) . Merchant Marine, Beck Officer Curbicu- i^.LUM Only _ _ _ MlLITARY,»iNAVAL, OR AlR FORCE SERVICE _ Philosophy _ Philosophy (except Scholastic philosophy) _ . Scholastic philosophy . . . m Physical'Sciences . - . . Physical sciences, general (without specific major) . . . . . . . Astronomy . ... . . . Chemistry (excluding biochemistry) _ .. ... Metallurgy (excluding metallurgical engi- Meteorology . . . Physics _ _ _ _ Earthlsciences . . . Geology _ _ Geophysics (including seismology) . Oceanography — - - - - Earth^sciences, all other _ _ Physical 'sciences, not classifiable above - STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 75 CD 00 © ‘i 1 l s 101 co ©CO© i— < f*- CM © © i-H 1-4 CM 1-4 CM 00 i i I i i Nh^h | © 1 * CM i i i i i i i i i i 1 819 cm s © © t'- CM -4 ^ © © © © CO © ^ 00 — « CM 1-4 00 1-4 CM © © © CD © © Tf CM i i X 1 • CM © • • -4 1 & - cm © cm x cm 4* ©00 i-4 ^ CM imI s © © CM © X © © © © © -4 1-4 CM 05 1-4 ©© X ©XX CO © X © £3 gg CO © 00 © © X © CO* O CO©© -H-^-^CiCM© © ^ t'- © X 1— < ©o o ^ © ©HH©i< CM Cl X CM CM ^4 x © © r>- i— © i-H 1-4 X 1-4 CM © ^ X CM O cm IQ CO ^ CD CO CD 1-4 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 I CM CO©© 00 00©©©00 © 1-4 CM 1-1 ©I^CM©© 1 1 1 i-H X CM i-4 CM X 1-4 CM 1-4 oo © r- © 1 2,557 © CO h- © o CM © CO CM O CM 00 X CM* © © © © ^ ©14 00©COOO — < c©© o © © © o CO 1-4 1-4 ©CM 1-4 CO H CM* CO* 1-4* CO* i-ijl © CM X Ni4CC(N00 ©X N CM - x © cm © C CM 4T H *4*4 X 1-4 00 © CO 5 CD © CM © © CD CO rf- © 00 CO © i-Tt*T © s CM © CM © CM CO ©X^4 X©X-4X© CO ^©O C«DC©N © CM 1-4 1-H © CO CM © © •*4* >oV CM*^ © © © CM* | 1-4 H © © X i-4 © © © X © © X 1-4X^4 ©1-4 1 © © © o ooeocoes CS TH © S ©~ CD X* co © © © oo co r- CM*V CO CO ©* S ©* CO CM i-4 X © -*4©©©©X © ©©© XsfCNHh CO CO X 1-4 © © co © © 1-4 © ©*©* ©*© l X* © Sto^Na X 1-4 X ©t^ 1-4 X © x ^ r>. X 0©4N ^ CM © ©CM CM* i-4* CM* S r- © cm co CM © © i-i 1 1 1 t 1 © M41-40 ©NCOCMN© X •**< © X if N sf XN H -4J4 ^ X © ^ CD ^ © CM X ^4 X X X 1-4 s x 2 10 j * o 2 g 2 « B Ph « StcCp'fl o o .2 § .2 a>.G 4<*h © tf S.2. Q 'o £ X >> 1 © far Ills CO > q c O M © ©o.5 -2 .33 " >. >>ri ^ * - - ^ o *[! o 2 w o *S C S -2 w £§3*9 55 §5©^ 3 w !H§g o w ©o2to£^S'5'5 C 'C 2 2 « C-2 O g * _© tip flgCoa «K « c i- tt H g CO 2 >.: tx-o c3 £ £ «Aa •£ c3 c3 1 Includes decrees based on secondary education as tho major field of study; decrees Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educa- based on a teaching major in a particular subject field (e.g., English, biology, etc.) tion: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-66, chapter 4, section I, are classified as degrees in the subject field rather than in secondary education. Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1955-56. 1 For distribution of degrees by engineering curriculum, see Circular No. 494, En¬ gineering Enrollments and Degree, 1956. 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 education, 30,100; engineering, 4,700; and business and commerce, 3,100. The areas in which the most doctoral degrees were conferred were as follows: physical sciences, 1,700; education, 1,600; and social sciences, 1,100. Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Engineering enrollment in the fall of 1955 increased for the fourth consecutive year (table 48). Enrollment at all levels totaled 243,000, a gain of 14 percent over the preceding year. Enrollment in all in¬ stitutions of higher education increased 9 percent during the same period (Office of Education Circular No. 460). Inasmuch as essen¬ tially the entire engineering enrollment is composed of male students (99.5 percent in 1955), it is perhaps more meaningful to compare the increase in engineering enrollment with the rise in male enrollment generally; total male enrollment rose 11 percent from the fall of 1954 to the fall of 1955. The number of engineering degrees increased from 27,700 in 1954- 55 to 31,600 in 1955-56. The number of degrees conferred was considerably less in 1955-56 than in 1949-50 and 1950-51, when many veterans of World War II completed their education. Of all degrees conferred in 1955-56, 83 percent were bachelor’s and first- professional degrees, 15 percent were master’s and other predoctoral degrees, and 2 percent were doctorates. Table 49 contains more detailed information on the types of en¬ gineering curriculums in which undergraduates were enrolled in the fall of 1955 and in which bachelor’s degrees were conferred in 1955- Table 48. — Fall enrollment and earned degrees conferred in engineering , by level: Continental United States and outlying parts , 1949—50 to 1955—56 Fall Enrollment Academic year 1 Degrees Total For first engi¬ neering degree For second engi¬ neering degree 1 For doctor’s degree Total First engi¬ neering degree Second engi¬ neering degree 1 Doctor’s degree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949 _ 219, 712 201, 927 15, 242 2. 543 1949-50 58, 130 52, 732 4, 904 494 1950 . 180,262 161, 592 15, 869 2,801 1950-51 47, 635 41, 893 5,156 586 1951 _ 165, 637 145, 997 16, 765 2,875 1951-52 35, 013 30, 286 4, 141 586 1952 _ 176, 549 156, 080 17, 539 2, 930 1952-53 28, 499 24, 164 3,743 592 1953 _ 193, 333 171, 725 18, 607 3,001 1953-54 27,003 22,236 4, 177 590 1954 _ 214, 414 193, 692 17, 441 3, 281 1954-55 27, 672 22, 589 4, 484 599 1955 _ 243, 390 221, 448 18, 779 3, 163 1955-56 31,640 26, 306 4, 724 610 1 Includes master’s and other predoctoral degrees. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Circular No. 494, Engineering Enrollments and Degrees, 1956. Table 49. — Fall enrollment of undergraduate students , and first degrees conferred in engineering , by curriculum: Continental United States and outlying parts , 1955-56 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 77 Number of first en¬ gineering degrees conferred, 1955-56 Women CD r» Cl COHd HHH Id 1 d HH I I 1 1 5 11 1 rH l lO 1 • 1 Men eo 26,230 CO Cl 05 CO ^ CO CO 05 to OOCON^ CO 05 (N 1C 07 00 05 O5«0>0 0^ HH »OC5 0 01^^00 HOClHtN h d 00 CO (M d lOfHOO O CO d T* d rH 00 O CO fcO T-i CO d d Men S3 220, 374 7, 016 2, 062 2,518 660 16, 816 26, 344 51, 520 75 1,415 6,035 1, 436 229 7, 593 47, 267 2, 640 1, 297 1,378 4, 509 33 1, 004 35, 289 3, 238 Number of schools, fall 1955 w CO w TtlO^CT> CO^JI *o^coHd cor^ d ^ d co t"- co d Engineering curriculum - Total.. _ _ Aeronautical- . Architectural _ Ceramic . . . . . Chemical . . . . Civil . Electrical . . . . Engineering mechanics _ Engineering physics . General engineering . Geological . . . . . Industrial L . Mechanical . . . . Metallurgical _ _ Naval architectural and marine . . Petroleum . . . . Sanitarv Tftxtilfl. ... ... ... 1 Unclassified . . . . . Other . . O o W o 8 1 Includes administrative engineering, management engineering, etc. 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 56. The fields with the largest enrollments were: electrical engi¬ neering, with 51,700 students ; mechanical, with 47,400 students; and civil, with 26,500 students. These were also the fields in which the most first-level degrees were conferred: 6,700 degrees were conferred in mechanical engineering; 6,200 in electrical; and 4,200, in civil engineering. More detailed data on graduate engineering enroll¬ ments and degrees may be found in the series of circulars entitled Engineering Enrollments and Degrees , which are issued annually by the Office of Education. Staff In November 1955, there were 299,000 different persons employed as faculty members on the staffs of institutions of higher education (table 50). The duties of faculty members were as follows: 22,000 were engaged in general administration; 245,000, in resident instruc- Table 50. — Faculty in institutions of higher education , by type of position , and by control of institution: Continental United States , November 1955 and summer sessions of 1955 Item Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 November 1955 Number of institutions . . ... . . 1, 850 650 1,200 Total number of different persons . . . 298, 910 158, 890 140,020 Men _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230, 342 121, 594 37, 296 8, 640 122, 488 113, 101 97, 354 108, 748 31, 272 13, 509 122, 426 115, 087 Women _ 68, 568 22, 149 244, 914 228, 188 General administration _ Resident instruction, total Degree-credit courses, total _ _ _ _ Department heads, professors, instructors _ _ 197, 957 100, 603 Full-time equivalent.. . . 151, 321 77,313 74,008 Junior instructional staff (assistants, fellows, etc.) . 30,231 15, 747 5, 325 14, 484 Nondegree-credit. courses (vocational and adult education). 8,282 2, 957 Professional library staff . . . . 8, 444 4, 062 4, 382 Organized research _ _ ... . . . . . . 26, 576 16, 170 10, 406 Extension: Giving courses . . . . . . . 12, 098 8,942 3, 156 Agriculture and home economics . . . 3, 635 3,600 10, 242 35 County agents *: Agriculture, home demonstration, 4-H.. 10, 326 84 Others in extension service. .. . . . . . . 504 486 18 Correspondence, short courses, and individual lessons . 10, 185 5,953 4, 232 Elementary and secondary instruction: High school grades unified with junior college . . Laboratory, demonstration, training schools: 1,038 191 847 Elementary, including nursery and kindergarten . 3,827 2,817 1,010 Secondary . . . 3,299 2, 292 1,007 Other faculty _ _ _ 485 408 77 Summer sessions 1955, courses of college grade Main session . . . 57,325 32, 969 42,643 24, 356 All sessions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73, 795 31, 152 i Land-grant institutions only. Sources: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Sutrey of Education in the United States, 1954-66, chapter 4, section I, Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Stu¬ dents, and Degrees, 1955-56; and unpublished data available in the Office of Education. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 79 tion; 27,000, in organized research; 27,000, in extension services; 10,000, in correspondence courses, short courses, and individual les¬ sons; and 8,000, in elementary and secondary instruction. The total of these items is 339,000, indicating that some 40,000 professional staff members were serving in a dual or multiple capacity. Public institutions employed 53 percent of the faculty members, and the remaining 47 percent were serving in institutions under religious or other private control. Junior Colleges Of the 1,850 institutions of higher education in this country in 1955-56, 481 were junior colleges (table 51). Thus, slightly more than one institution out of every four was a 2-year college for fresh¬ man and sophomore students. Enrollment in junior colleges in November 1955 totaled 336,000, which was equal to 13 percent of the enrollment in all institutions of higher education. Public institu¬ tions enrolled 84 percent of the junior college students, while private schools enrolled the remaining 16 percent. Data for November 1955 Table 51. — Resident enrollment in junior colleges: Continental United States, 1917-18 to November 1955 Academic year All junior colleges Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment i 2 3 4 5 6 7 1917-18... . . . . 46 4,504 14 1, 367 32 3,137 1919-20 _ _ 52 8, 102 10 2, 940 42 5, 162 1921-22 _ _ _ 80 12, 124 17 4, 771 63 7, 353 1923-24 _ _ 132 20, 559 39 9, 240 93 11,319 1925-26 _ _ _ 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28- _ _ _ 248 44, 855 114 28, 437 134 16, 418 1929-30 _ 277 55, 616 129 36,501 148 19, 115 1931-32 _ 342 85, 063 159 58, 887 183 26,176 1933-34- _ _ 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36- _ _ _ 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31, 896 1937-38 _ 453 121, 510 209 82, 041 244 39, 469 1939-40 . . . 456 149. 854 217 107, 553 239 42, 301 1941— 42 - _ _ 461 141, 272 231 100. 783 230 40,489 1943-44 _ 413 89. 208 210 60,884 203 28, 324 1945-46 . . - 464 156, 456 242 109,640 222 46, 816 1947-48 _ _ „ _ 472 240, 173 242 178, 196 230 61,977 1949-50 _ _ _ 483 242, 740 256 187, 695 227 55,045 1951-52 i _ _ 480 229, 991 265 182, 870 215 47, 121 1953-543 _ _ _ 495 324, 696 270 270, 928 225 53, 768 November 1955 3 . . 481 335, 676 268 280,671 213 55,005 1 Excludes 26 public junior colleges designated as normal schools, having a combined enrollment of 1,184. 3 Excludes 23 public junior colleges designated'as normal schools or teachers colleges, having a combined enrollment of 1,108. 3 Excludes 22 public junior colleges designated as county teachers colleges or normal schools, having a combined enrollment of 1,314. Sources: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-66, chapter 4, section I, Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students and Degrees, 1955—56; and unpublished data available in the Office of Education. 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 in table 51 should not be compared directly with enrollment figures for earlier years because the earlier figures are for the entire a cademic year. Enrollment data for the academic year are generally somewhat larger than fall enrollment, since the former include all students who are enrolled at any time during the year. Organized Occupational Curriculums In 1955-56, for the first time, the Office of Education collected data on the number of persons graduating from curriculums of less than baccalaureate level at institutions of higher education. These organized occupational curriculums of 1, 2, or 3 years are designed to prepare students for immediate employment in an occupation or group of occupations, rather than for further study leading to a bachelor’s or higher degree. They are classified into two broad groups, engineering-related curriculums (designed to prepare scientific and engineering technical personnel), and non-engineering-related curricu¬ lums. The former include aeronautical, air conditioning, architec¬ tural and civil, chemical, electrical, industrial, mechanical, and metallurgical curriculums, with the graduate usually becoming an engineering or scientific technician; the latter include curriculums in agriculture and forestry, applied in graphic arts, business and com¬ merce, education, health service, and home economics. The term “organized occupational curriculum,” for the purpose of this study, is defined as one which meets all four of the following criteria: (a) high school graduation or the equivalent is required for admission; (b) it must prepare the student for immediate employment; (c) com¬ pletion of the curriculum requires at least 1 but less than 4 years; and (d) the curriculum must lead to a certificate, diploma, associate degree, or other formal award. Questionnaires were sent to the 1,886 institutions of higher educa¬ tion listed in the Office of Education’s Education Directory, 1956-57, Part 3, Higher Education. Institutions were requested to return the questionnaire whether or not they had any curriculums meeting the definitions of organized occupational curriculums given in it. Ninety- three percent of the questionnaires were returned, and 660, or approxi¬ mately one-third of the total, reported data on organized occupational curriculums. Only 133 institutions did not return the questionnaire. An analysis of these indicated that probably very few of the 78 4-year institutions not reporting had any organized occupational curriculums. Of the 55 2-year institutions not reporting, probably 50 offered ter¬ minal or semiprofessional courses. Tables 52 and 53 present data for the 660 institutions reporting. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 81 A total of 37,100 students graduated from organized occuaptional curriculums during the 1955-56 school year, 11,700 (99 percent of whom were men) from engineering-related curriculums, and 25,400 (62 percent, women) from nonengineering-related curriculums (table 52). Approximately 60 percent of the graduates of engineering- related curriculums were from the electrical and mechanical curricu¬ lums. Graduates in business and commerce (41 percent) and in education (21 percent) accounted for more than three-fifths of all graduates from nonengineering-related curriculums. Table 52. — Number of graduates of organized occupational curriculums reported by 660 institutions of higher education , by type of curriculum: Continental United States and outlying parts , 1955-56 Curriculums, by type Number of gradu¬ ates Percent¬ age dis¬ tribution Curriculums, by type Number of gradu¬ ates Percent¬ age dis¬ tribution 1 2 3 1 2 3 Total _ 37,096 Nonengineering - related CURRICULUMS 25,354 100.0 Engineering-related cur¬ riculums . _. . 11,742 100.0 Agricultural and forestry . 1,158 4.6 Applied and graphic arts. 851 3.4 Aeronautical.. _ _ 1,092 9.3 Business and commerce. . 10, 520 41.5 Air conditioning, heating, Education . . . 5,295 20.9 and refrigeration _ 412 3.5 Health service _ ... . 3, 493 13.8 Architectural and civil _ 1,017 8.7 Home economics . 416 1.6 Chemical—. . 210 1.8 Other. . 3, 621 14.2 Electrical . . . 4,054 34.5 Industrial . . . 331 2.8 Mechanical- . 2,949 25. 1 Metallurgical . . .. . 73 0.6 Other... . . . 1,604 13.7 Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Circular No. 512, Organized Occupational Curriculums, Enrollments and Graduates, 1956. More than 3 out of 4 graduates in engineering-related curriculums, and 10 of each 11 in nonengineering-related curriculums were from courses of more than 1 but less than 4 years. Approximately two- thirds of the graduates of engineering-related curriculums and one- half of those in nonengineering-related curriculums were from 2-year institutions of higher education (table 53). Income General data on the income of institutions of higher education, by source of funds and by control of institution, are given in table 54. In 1955-56, educational and general income, i.e., the operating funds used to defray expenditures for administration, instruction, research, plant operation and maintenance, etc., amounted to $2.9 billion. Gross income from auxiliary enterprises and activities, i.e., those ac¬ tivities which are ancillary to the primary educational program of 530714—59 - 7 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 53.— Number of graduates , by sex , of organized occupational curric- ulums reported by 660 institutions of higher education , by control and type of institution: Continental United States and outlying parts , 1955-56 Curriculums Total number of Engineering related Nonengineering related graduates Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 All organized occupational curriculums _ 37, 096 11, 742 11, 662 80 25, 354 9,736 15, 618 2- or 3-year curriculums. . 31,111 9, 103 9,029 74 22, 008 9,127 12,881 1-year curriculums . 5,985 2,639 2, 633 6 3, 346 609 2, 737 In 4-year institutions . . 17, 251 4,036 3,993 43 13, 215 5, 257 7, 958 Publicly controlled . . 9,115 1,811 1.806 5 7, 304 2,927 2,330 4, 377 Privately controlled _ 8, 136 2,225 2,187 38 5, 911 3,581 In 2-year institutions _ 19,845 7,706 7, 669 37 12, 139 4, 479 7,660 Publicly controlled . 11,679 4,169 4, 139 30 7, 510 4, 629 3, 217 1, 262 4,293 Privately controlled. . 8, 166 3,537 3,530 7 3, 367 All publicly controlled . 20, 794 5, 980 5, 945 35 14, 814 6, 144 8,670 All privately controlled _ 16, 302 5, 762 5, 717 45 10, 540 3, 592 6,908 Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Circular No. 512, Organized Occupational Curriculums, Enrollments and Graduates, 1966. the institutions, such as residence and dining accommodations, book¬ stores and intercollegiate athletics, amounted to almost $692 million. Student aid income totaled more than $52 million. Receipts for plant expansion rose to more than $821 million, while receipts for endowment and other nonexpendable funds amounted to more than $350 million. A percentage distribution of educational and general income of institutions of higher education, by source, for publicly and pri¬ vately controlled institutions, is presented in table 55. Publicly controlled institutions, which received a total of $1.6 billion in edu¬ cational and general income in 1955-56, depend largely on govern¬ mental sources, and particularly on State governments, for the major portion of their income. Receipts from all governmental sources accounted for approximately three-fourths of their educational and general income in 1955-56. Privately controlled institutions, whose educational and general income amounted to $1.2 billion in 1955-56, must look to student fees, private benefactions, and endowment earnings, as well as to the Federal Government, for most of their income. Income from student fees alone accounted for more than two-fifths of their receipts in 1955-56. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 83 Table 54. — Income of institutions of higher education , by source , and by control of institution: Continental United States , 1955-56 [Financial data in thousands of dollars] Item 1955-56 Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 1,850 650 1,200 Current Income. _ _ _ _ _ $3, 603, 370 $2, 007, 173 $1, 596, 198 Educational and general _ _ _ _ _ 2, 859, 269 1, 628, 256 1,231,013 722,215 15, 579 474, 221 878,349 106, 857 145,000 245,085 191, 829 80, 133 200,158 4,785 258,582 851, 874 103,999 16,266 48,280 110, 829 33,483 522, 056 10, 795 215, 639 26, 475 2, 858 128, 735 196,804 81,000 46, 650 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . Other purposes . . . State governments . . . . . Local governments . . . . Endowment earnings .. _ _ Private gifts and grants _ Related activities _ Other sources. _ _ _ _ Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . . . 691, 738 52, 364 355, 512 23, 405 336, 226 28,960 Student aid income.- _ Receipts for Plant Expansion _ _ _ 821, 133 495, 780 325, 353 Federal Government _ 13,267 219, 462 17, 295 143, 045 40, 518 190,809 196. 737 6,770 216,602 17, 237 9, 935 23,268 102,634 119, 334 6,497 2,860 58 133, no 17, 250 88,175 77,403 State governments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Local governments _ _ _ _ Private gifts and grants. _ _ _ _ Other sources, except loans and transfers _ _ Loans and bond sales _ _ _ Transfers from current funds . . . . Receipts for Nonexpendable Funds . Endowment funds • . . . 350,369 67,951 282, 417 335, 519 3,623 11,227 66, 175 1,379 397 269,343 2,244 10,830 Student loan funds _ _ _ _ Annuity funds _ _ i Includes funds functioning as endowments. Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954.-56, chapter 4, section II, Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56. Table 55. — Percentage distribution of educational and general income of institutions of higher education , by source, and by control of institution: Continental United States, 1955-56 Source All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Amount (in thousands) . $2,859,269 $1,628,256 $1, 231,013 Percent... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 Student, fee.*? _ 25.3 12.3 42.4 .9 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees ...... ... .5 .3 Other purposes 16.6 15.9 17.5 State governments _ _ _ ... 30.7 52.3 2.2 Local governments _ ... 3.7 6.4 .2 Endowment earnings ... 5. 1 1.0 10.5 Private gifts and grants . . . . . . . 8.6 3.0 16.0 Related activities _ _ _ _ 6.7 6.8 6.6 Other sources. _ . 2.8 2.1 3.8 Note. — Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-56, chapter 4, section II, Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56. 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Expenditures The 1,850 institutions of higher education in the continental United States expended $3.5 billion for current purposes and $681 million for plant expansion during the academic year 1955-56. Publicly con¬ trolled institutions, with an average enrollment of 2,231 resident degree-credit students, spent an average of $3.6 million each during 1955-56. Privately controlled schools, which had an average enroll¬ ment of 989 resident students, had expenditures averaging $1.5 mil¬ lion for the same year. Table 56 presents the distribution of expendi¬ tures, by purpose and by control of institution, and table 57 gives a percentage distribution of educational and general expenditures. Both public and private institutions reported that their largest ex¬ penditure was for instruction and departmental research. This cate¬ gory accounted for approximately two-fifths of the educational and general expenditures of both public and private schools. The second largest expenditure was for organized research, which accounted for Table 56. — Expenditures of institutions of higher education , by purpose , and by control of institution: Continental United States , 1955-56 [Financial data in thousands of dollars] Item 1955-56 Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled > 2 3 4 Number of institutions _ _ ... . . __ 1,850 650 1,200 Current Expenditures . . . . . . $3, 499, 463 $1, 936, 390 $1, 563,073 Educational and general _ 2,766,367 1, 575, 314 1, 191, 054 General administration and general expense . Instruction and departmental research . Extension and public services . . . Libraries _ 355, 207 1, 140, 655 137, 914 85, 563 324, 229 600, 793 222,007 149,632 666, 325 127, 153 45, 736 182, 935 267, 705 135, 830 205, 575 474, 330 10, 762 39, 827 141, 294 233, 088 86, 177 Plant operation and maintenance . Organized research . Related activities Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ _ _ 637,606 95, 490 329, 452 31, 624 308, 153 63,866 Student aid expenditures Expenditures for Plant Expansion . . 680,505 411, 184 269, 320 Note. — Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-56, chapter 4, section II, Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 85 Table 57 .—Percentage distribution of educational and general expenditures of institutions of higher education, by purpose , and by control of institu¬ tion: Continental United States , 1955—56 Purpose All institu¬ tions Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Amount (in thousands) . . . . $2, 766, 367 $1,575,314 $1, 191, 054 Percent _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 General administration and general expense _ 12.8 9.5 17.3 Instruction and departmental research.. _ _ _ _ 41.2 42.3 39.8 Extension and public services _ _ _ 5.0 8.1 .9 Libraries _ 3.1 2.9 3.3 Plant operation and maintenance _ 11.7 11.6 11.9 Organized research _ 18.1 17.0 19.6 Related activities _ _ _ 8.0 8.6 7.2 Note. — Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: TJ.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 195^-66, chapter 4, section II, Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1956-56. approximately one-sixth of the educational and general expenditures of public institutions and one-fifth of the disbursements of private schools. Some differences may be observed in the spending patterns of publicly and privately controlled institutions. Public institutions spent more for extension and public services, while private schools expended proportionally greater amounts for general administration and general expense. Property The property of institutions of higher education, including physical plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds, was valued at $13.3 billion at the end of the 1955-56 academic year (table 58). The value of physical plant accounted for two-thirds of the total, non¬ expendable funds for 29 percent, and unexpended plant funds for the remaining 4 percent. Publicly controlled institutions had the major portion of their assets invested in physical plant, while the endow¬ ment funds of private schools accounted for a relatively high propor¬ tion of their property. The value of the physical plant of public institutions averaged $7.6 million as compared with $3.3 million for private institutions. The endowment funds of publicly controlled schools averaged $1.1 million; for private institutions, the average was $2.5 million. 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 58.— Value of physical plant , plant funds , and nonexpendable funds of institutions of higher education , by control of institution: Continental United States , 1955-56 [Financial data in thousands of dollars] Item 1955-56 Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled > 2 3 4 Number of institutions . . . . 1,850 650 1,200 Property: total plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds. Physical plant and plant funds _ $13,276, 546 $6, 103, 794 $7, 172, 752 9, 440, 780 5, 344, 742 4, 096, 038 Value of physical plant _ _ _ 8, 858, 907 581, 873 4, 952, 170 392, 572 3, 906, 736 189, 302 Unexpended plant funds . . Nonexpendable funds _ _ _ 3, 835, 766 759, 052 3, 076, 714 Endowment funds 1 _ 3, 702, 139 58, 352 75, 275 727, 723 21, 405 9, 924 2,974, 416 36, 947 65,351 Student loan funds . . . . Annuity funds _ * Includes funds temporarily functioning as endowments. Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-66, chapter 4, section II, Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56. Institutions Attended Predominantly by Negro Stu¬ dents During the academic year 1955-56, there were 98 institutions of higher education in the continental United States attended predomi¬ nantly by Negro students (table 59). These institutions constituted more than 5 percent of all institutions of higher education in the country, and they enrolled 75,000 resident college students in No¬ vember 1955, or approximately 3 percent of the total enrollment in the United States. They conferred 12,000 bachelor’s and first-pro¬ fessional degrees and almost 1,400 second-level degrees. The institutions attended predominantly by Negro students are typically smaller than other colleges and universities in this country: the average resident enrollment for the predominantly Negro institu¬ tion was 763 students, as contrasted with an average of 1,426 for all institutions in the United States. Data are not available concerning the total number of Negro students enrolled in institutions of higher education, since many Negroes attend predominantly white institu¬ tions. The Office of Education does not collect enrollment data by race for institutions of higher education. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 87 In 1955-56, current income and current expenditures of the 98 in¬ stitutions attended predominantly by Negroes amounted to $81 million and $80 million, respectively, or slightly over 2 percent of the current income and expenditures of all institutions of higher education (table 60). Property at the end of the academic year was valued at $376 million, or about 3 percent of the value of property of all insti¬ tutions. Expenditures for plant expansion in Negro institutions amounted to $19 million during 1955-56. Higher Education in the Outlying Parts of the United States Institutions of higher education in 5 outlying parts of the United States (Alaska, Canal Zone, Guam, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) em¬ ployed 2,700 faculty members and enrolled 24,000 resident college students in November 1955 (table 61). This enrollment represented an increase of more than one-fifth over the preceding November. Included in the eight institutions in the outlying parts are two junior colleges, two universities, and four liberal arts colleges. The degree¬ granting institutions conferred approximately 2,500 bachelor's and first-professional, and 200 second-level degrees in 1955-56. Veterans' Training Programs The Federal training program for veterans of World War II rests upon two basic acts administered by the Veterans Administration: Public Law 16, which provides vocational rehabilitation for disabled veterans; and Public Law 346, the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, which makes it possible for an eligible veteran to pursue a course of his own choice (subject to the limitations of Public Law 266) in any approved school or job-training establishment. Public Law 894 extends vocational rehabilitation to veterans of the Korean conflict, and Public Law 550 offers them education and training benefits. The number of veterans in training reached a peak of 1947-48 and then declined in each succeeding year through 1953-54. In 1954-55 and again in 1955-56, the number increased as more and more veterans of the Korean conflict enrolled in various educational programs. Table 62 indicates the types of training pursued by veterans over the 11-year period ending in 1955-56. While more trainees have enrolled in institutions of higher education than in any other type of program, Table 59. — Faculty and students , November 1955 , and degrees conferred , 1955-56, institutions of higher education attended 00 predominantly by Negro students: Continental United States Negro education (col. 11) as percent of all h higher m education H (col. 12) g IAL W STJRV] CO II O id ci EY l | 2.8 § EDI 05 CO I JCM o eo 'ION l CM , 1 1 °° L 954 CM ^ -5 1 .6 05 2.4 | ci —« 1 All higher education N 1,880 298, 910 230, 342 68, 568 2, 637, 245 1, 748, 198 889, 047 2, 387, 231 1, 571, 353 815, 878 702,012 438,054 263, 958 250, 014 176, 845 73, 169 161,009 80, 982 80, 027 Institutions attended predominantly by Negro students Total 3 98 7,724 4, 726 2, 998 74, 761 33, 915 40, 846 00 00 32, 810 39, 072 21,970 10,344 11, 626 2, 879 1, 105 1, 774 329 91 238 Junior college * Privately controlled O 8 160 ^ CO 00 922 VO ^ CC CO CO VO 922 vo 0C CO CO VO 551 251 300 Publicly controlled 05 4 81 34 47 642 355 287 642 355 287 T CO CM CM r— p- I] || 3 CO oo Other profes¬ sional school * OD 2 291 05 CM t-h c* 530 32 529 005 CM © 1 II CM VO ; r Theo¬ logical schools * T • vO i 05 CO 68 1 co CO 65 1 1 CO CO 1 Teachers colleges 1 <0 12 744 < D 00 SS3 10, 144 3,111 7,033 00 CO 05" 3, 008 6,672 2,917 1 987 1, 930 464 103 361 | Liberal arts colleges Privately controlled vo 49 2,587 1, 538 1,049 25, 653 10, 984 14, 669 25,062 10, 737 14, 325 00 . ; o 3, 394 4, 074 591 I- Tt« Tt< -*« CM CO Publicly controlled 20 3,085 00 l- © oo cm 30, 537 14, 927 15, 610 29, 208 14, 404 14, 804 9,320 4,809 4, 511 1,329 CO CD CM © vO 00 278 88 190 Universities Privately controlled CO 1 486 380 106 3, 615 2, 391 1,224 3, 380 2, 228 1,152 607 336 271 235 163 72 1 Publicly controlled w 1 275 172 103 2,649 1, 273 1,376 2, 393 1,208 1, 185 746 S8S CO CO 256 65 191 Item - Number of Institutions . — Faculty, Different Persons... Men . - . Women . . . . . Resident Colleoe Enrollment. Men. . Women . . . . Undergraduate and first pro¬ fessional enrollment . . Men . . . Women . . . First time in any college . Men.. - - - Women . Graduate enrollment . Men . Women . Enrollment in Adult Educa¬ tion . . . £ £ s i i > 1 > STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 89 2.3 »o CS 1.7 oo c4H *— 4 00 1.0 3.9 c c 1 ; ° I i « :.l sj D« |C 5 C , c '53 Short Course Enrollments _ Enrollments for Individual Lessons Only _ Earned Decrees Conferred: « Bachelor’s or first professional. Men . . Women . . . Master’s, except first profes¬ sional . . . . . Men _ _ Women. . II S-H 3 a •C o «— o o O in 2 g o e «8 a o 0 C e&s U •2-S «* 42 X3 05 e o 3 ® g ?! 3 55 T3 8 o a> a jj» .Xi £J^lS -3 o 3 >.2 ~ © sgliS el 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 60. — Finances of institutions of higher education attended predomi¬ nantly by Negroes: Continental United States, 1955-56 [Financial data in thousands of dollars] Item Number of Institutions . Current Income . Educational and general . . . . . Student fees . Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . Other purposes . . . . State governments . . . . . . Local governments . . . . Endowment earnings _ Private gifts and grants _ _ Related activities . . . Other sources . Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ _ _ _ Student aid income . . . . Receipts For Plant Expansion (all sources) . Private Gifts and Grants for Nonexpendable Funds . Endowment funds * 1 . . . Student loan funds.. . Annuity funds . . . . . Current Expenditures . Educational and general . General administration and general expense . Instruction and departmental research _ Extension and public services . Libraries . . . Plant operation and maintenance. . . . Organized research . . . . . . Related activities . . . Auxiliary enterprises . Student aid expenditures . . . Expenditures for Plant Expansion . Property Values at End of Year . . Physical plant and plant funds . Physical plant . Unexpended plant funds . . . Endowment and other nonexpendable funds _ Endowment funds > . . . Student loan funds. . . ... Annuity funds . . . All institu¬ tions of higher education Institutions attended pre¬ dominantly by Negroes Number or amount Percent of all higher educa¬ tion 2 3 4 1, 850 98 5.3 $3, 603,370 $81, 356 2.3 2, 859, 268 59, 793 2.1 722, 215 13, 905 1.9 15, 579 247 1.6 474, 221 4, 145 .9 878, 349 28, 053 3.2 106, 857 564 .5 145, 000 3,255 2.2 245, 085 6, 138 2.5 191, 829 2,686 1.4 80, 133 800 1.0 691, 738 20, 633 3.0 52, 364 931 1.8 821, 133 18, 697 2.3 196, 546 1, 747 .9 185, 637 1,729 .9 1, 973 18 .9 8, 935 0 3, 499, 463 79, 817 2.3 2,766,367 58, 370 2.1 355, 207 9,644 2.7 1, 140, 655 30, 490 2.7 137, 914 337 .2 85, 563 2, 347 2.7 324, 229 11, 193 3.5 500, 793 648 .1 222, 007 3,711 1.7 637, 606 18,930 3.0 95, 490 2, 518 2.6 680,505 19,267 2.8 13,236,546 375, 543 2.8 9, 440, 780 300,365 3.2 8, 858, 907 277, 581 3.1 581, 873 22, 783 3.9 3,795, 766 75, 179 2.0 3, 662, 139 74,637 2.0 58, 352 514 .9 75, 275 28 (2) i Includes funds functioning as endowment. 1 Less than .05 percent. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 195^-56, chapter 4, section II, Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 91 Table 61. — Faculty , students , and degrees , institutions of higher education: outlying parts of the United States,1 1929-30 to 1955-56 Item 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1951-62 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Faculty, Total Different Persons: Total. . . . 287 861 2,027 1,849 2,117 (*) » 2, 672 Men. . . . . - 175 112 607 254 1,274 753 1,189 660 1, 334 783 (*) (*) •1, 765 3 907 Women _ _ . Resident College Stu¬ dents: 4 Total . . . . 4,017 7,973 14, 737 17, 612 19,997 ‘20,062 *24,228 Men . . . . . . . 1,490 2,527 3, 797 4, 176 9, 281 5, 456 8,864 8,748 10, 754 9, 243 *11,229 ‘8,833 * 13, 321 3 10, 907 Women.. . . . Earned Degrees Con¬ ferred: Bachelor’s or first profes¬ sional: Total _ _ _ 246 896 1,676 1, 938 2,055 2,263 2,486 Men _ _ _ 134 112 481 415 978 698 1,048 890 972 1,083 1,139 1,124 1, 338 1, 148 Women _ _ _ _ Master’s (except first pro¬ fessional) : Total _ _ 24 37 36 53 35 39 182 Men _ _ 9 15 28 9 17 19 34 19 25 10 28 11 37 145 Women _ Doctor’s: Total _ 1 3 Men _ _ _ 1 3 Women _ 1 Excluding the Philippines, independent since 1946. 2 Data not collected. 3 November 1955. 4 Regular session, September to June, except where otherwise noted. * November 1954. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954.-66, chapter 4, section I, Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Stu¬ dents, and Degrees, 1955-56. Table 62.— Average number of veterans enrolled in various educational programs in the 5 months from October to March: 1945-46 to 1955-56 School year Total Higher education Below col¬ lege grade On-the- farm training On-the-job training » 2 3 4 5 6 1945-46 . . . . . 383, 775 209, 313 77, 126 13,294 84, 042 1946-47 _ _ _ _ 2, 373, 177 1, 095, 975 467, 648 102, 004 707, 550 1947-48 _ _ _ _ 2, 718, 998 1, 180, 350 685, 758 228, 077 624, 813 1948-49 _ _ _ _ _ 2, 499, 029 1, 024, 924 709, 216 304, 989 459,900 1949-50 . . . . . . 2, 405, 197 851,290 895, 818 346,860 311, 229 1950-51 _ _ 1,765, 988 558, 523 728, 086 312, 398 166, 981 1951-52.. . . . . . . 1, 402, 372 369, 179 678, 196 250, 304 104, 693 1952-53... _ _ _ 743, 455 257, 162 306,003 128, 497 51, 793 1953-54 _ _ 604, 570 267, 260 213, 490 65, 881 57. 939 1954-55 _ _ _ _ _ _ 710, 016 355, 287 246, 717 45, 516 62, 496 1955-56 . . . . . . . . 784, 587 440, 040 238, 948 39, 336 66,263 Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: bulletins on Federal Funds for Education. 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 there have also been large numbers who have taken on-the-job and on-the-farm training, as well as educational courses below the college level. In 1955-56, 56 percent of the veterans were enrolled in insti¬ tutions of higher education; 30 percent were in courses below the college level; 8 percent were taking on-the-job training; and 5 percent were receiving on-the-farm training. The amount of Federal funds expended for the vocational rehabili¬ tation and for the education and training of veterans from 1943-44 to 1955-56 is shown in table 63. During this 13-year period, a total of $14.5 billion was expended for the education and training of veterans of World War II; $1.7 billion for the education and training of Korean veterans; and $1.7 billion for the vocational rehabilitation of both groups of veterans. Table 63. — Federal funds expended for vocational rehabilitation and for education and training of veterans: 1943—44 to 1955—56 School year Total Vocational rehabilitation (Public Laws 16 and 894) Education and training (Public Law 346) Education and training (Public Law 550) * 2 3 4 5 Total (13 years) _ $17,856, 508,460 $1,668,593,051 $14,513,641, 708 $1,674,273,701 1943-44 . . . . . . 664,148 664, 148 0 0 1944-45 _ _ 17, 854, 056 8, 348, 375 9, 505, 681 0 1945-46 _ _ _ 395, 106, 142 45, 087, 353 350, 018, 789 0 1946-47 . . . . . 2, 339, 681, 704 220, 946, 646 2, 118, 735, 058 0 1947-48 _ _ _ 2, 831, 297, 146 333,311,470 2, 497, 985, 676 0 1948-49 _ _ _ 3, 039, 061, 497 335, 199, 628 2, 703, 861, 869 0 1949-50 . . . 2, 868. 020, 239 272, 291, 866 2, 595, 728, 373 0 1950-51. . . . 2, 120, 215, 751 176,875,154 1, 943, 340, 597 0 1951- 52 . . 1952- 53 . . . . 1,423, 305,412 725, 571, 175 97, 902, 064 57, 768, 601 1, 325, 403, 348 581, 561, 195 0 86,241,379 1953-54 . . . . . 585, 413, 775 41, 294, 243 247, 781, 702 296,337, 830 1954-55 _ _ _ _ _ 705, 283, 657 40, 769, 802 101, 092, 491 563, 421, 364 1955-56 . . . . 805, 033, 758 38, 133, 701 38, 626, 929 728, 273, 128 Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: bulletins on Federal Funds for Education. Public Libraries Chapter 5 of the Biennial Survey oj Education in the United States, 1954-56, is entitled “Statistics of Public Libraries: 1955-56. ” This report is the most recent in a series of publications which the Office of Education has issued at intervals of approximately 6 years. Tables 64 and 65 present summaries of general and financial statis¬ tics of public libraries in the United States in 1955-56, together with comparative data for 1949-50. The 1955-56 data are based on returns from some 6,200 public library systems which supplied usable returns in response to an Office of Education questionnaire. These STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 93 Table 64. — Summary of general statistics of public libraries: Continental United States , 1949-50 and 1955-56 Item 1949-50 1955-56 1 2 3 Total number of library systems reporting _ _ _ 6,028 114, 965. 730 9, 326, 768 6, 249 117, 607, 364 11, 508, 551 Total population served by reporting libraries (1950 Census).. _ Number of volumes added during year _ . ... Number of volumes at end of fiscal year . . . . . . . 142,931,016 173, 155, 537 Adult . . . . . . . . . 66, 944, 992 23, 083, 749 52, 902, 275 80, 408, 322 35, 012, 225 57, 734. 990 Juvenile _ _ _ _ .. .. _ Undistributed _ _ _ _ _ _ Number of volumes per capita for population served . . . . .. 1.2 384, 605, 645 3.4 1.5 489, 519, 495 4.2 Number of volumes circulated during year _ _ _ Circulation per capita for libraries reporting this item _ _ _ Total number of library employees _ _ _ 44,415 51, 631 Full-time . . . . . . . . . 26, 457 17,958 29, 974 21, 657 Part-time _ _ _ _ _ Number of professional librarians (included above) . . . . . 14, 817 17,344 Full-time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13, 174 1, 643 13,822 3,522 Part-time _ _ _ _ Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, chapters on Statistics of Public Libraries. Table 65. — Summary of financial statistics of public libraries: Continental United States , 1949-50 and 1955-56 Item 1949-50 1955-56 > 2 3 Number of library systems reporting income . 5,687 6, 190 Total income _ _ _ .. .. . . . . . > $117, 062, 959 $185, 447, 415 Local public funds _ _ _ _ ... 102. 349. 731 1, 956, 872 5, 693, 989 7, 002, 730 161, 893, 992 4, 976, 429 7, 912, 434 10, 664, 560 State grants _ _ _ Income from endowments and gifts _ .. . . . . . . . Other sources _ _ _ Total endowment- . . . . . . . . . 87, 970. 873 108, 752. 436 Number of library systems reporting expenditures . . . 5,773 6,190 Total operating expenditures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ » $109, 776. 824 $170, 222, 649 Salaries of library staff.. _ _ _ _ _ _ 65,422, 291 7, 614, 124 17, 146, 859 2, 796, 598 313, 264 16, 451, 841 103, 795, 253 11, 487.002 26. 124, 671 3, 515. 412 693, 047 24, 607, 264 Salaries of building staff . . . . . Books and periodicals _ Binding and mending _ Audiovisual materials _ _ _ All other purposes . . . . . . . . Per capita operating expenditures. 0.96 1. 45 Capital outlay _ _ 4, 392, 630 12.263,241 1 Includes $59,637 undistributed by source. J Includes $31,847 undistributed by purpose. Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, chapters on Statistics of Public Libraries. 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 libraries represent approximately four-fifths of all public libraries in the country. The number of volumes in reporting libraries in 1956 was 173,000,000, an increase of 21 percent over the number reported 6 years earlier. The number of professional librarians employed by these libraries in 1955-56 was 17,000. The income of reporting libraries rose from $117 million in 1949-50 to $185 million in 1955-56, a gain of 58 percent. During the same period, total operating expendi¬ tures increased by 55 percent, or from $110 million to $170 million. International Educational Activities For very nearly a century, the United States Government through one agency or another has engaged in a variety of international educa¬ tional activities. These have come to include: (1) the operation of exchange and other international programs for students, teachers, research scholars, and leaders; (2) technical cooperation of various kinds with countries in many parts of the world, including the assign¬ ment of specialists to American overseas education missions, training for foreign participants in the United States or in third countries (countries other than their own or the United States), and the negotia¬ tion of interuniversity contracts between institutions in the United States and institutions or governments abroad; (3) the preparation of studies on educational systems in other countries; (4) the evaluation of academic credentials of foreign institutions; and (5) educational services to international bodies, including the preparation of reports at their request, the provision of advisory services, and participation in international conferences dealing with education. The educational exchange programs sponsored by the United States Government are the primary responsibility of the Department of State, which utilizes the substantive services of many other govern¬ mental and private agencies in operating the programs. Table 66 shows the number of persons from the United States and from foreign countries who participated in exchange programs during the 5-year period ending in 1955-56. Almost three-fourths of the participants were residents of foreign countries, and the remaining persons were American citizens who received grants for education and training in foreign countries. Table 67 presents a more detailed analysis of the types of participants in 1955-56, with separate data on the number of students, teachers, lecturers and research scholars, and leaders and specialists who took part in the exchange programs. Almost one- half of the participants in 1955-56 were students, while the leaders and specialists accounted for 22 percent of the total. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 95 Table 66.— Number of participants in educational exchange programs: 1951-52 to 1955-56 Item Total Other American republics Europe Near East and Africa Far East * 2 3 4 5 6 Participants from the United States 1951-52 _ _ 1,531 50 1,248 180 53 1952-53. - - 1,551 42 1,214 207 88 1953-54 _ _ 1,782 35 1,468 175 104 1954-55 _ _ 1,938 64 1,546 1, 501 182 146 1955-56 _ _ — 1,900 87 157 155 Participants from other countries 1951-52 - - 5,265 239 4, 253 522 251 1952-53 . . . . . — 5, 557 220 4,081 598 658 1953-54 _ _ _ 5,313 163 3, 738 742 670 1954-55 . . . . . 3,882 165 2, 758 462 497 1955-56 . . . . . . 4, 055 356 2, 518 411 770 Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Bulletin 1956, No. 5, Federal Funds for Education, 1954-55 and 1965-56. Table 67. — Number of participants in educational exchange programs , by type: 1955-56 Participants Total Other American republics Europe Near East and Africa Far East 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total . . . . 5,955 443 4,019 568 925 From the United States _ _ 1,900 87 1,501 157 155 Students 1, 018 293 28 943 23 24 Teachers _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 224 34 35 Lecturers, research scholars _ _ 457 24 302 69 62 Specialists, leaders _ _ 132 35 32 31 34 From other countries. _ _ _ _ _ ... 4, 055 356 2, 518 411 770 Students _ _ _ _ 1,883 448 143 1,223 274 190 327 Te.aehe.rs 49 46 79 Lecturers, research scholars _ 521 7 395 38 81 Speeialists, leaders 1,203 157 626 137 283 Source: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Bulletin 1956, No. 5, Federal Funds for Education, 1954-55 and 1955-56. Programs of the United States Government represent only a portion of all international educational exchange activities. For example, foreign students receiving United States Government grants in 1955-56 numbered approximately 1,900, whereas the total enrollment of foreign students in the United States for the same year was 36,500 (table 68). Forty-three percent of all foreign students were from Asia and the Near East; 37 percent were from various parts of the western hemisphere ; 15 percent were from Europe; and the remaining students were from Africa, the Pacific, and other parts of the world. The number of foreign students in American institutions of higher 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 education increased 38 percent in the 6-year period from 1949-50 to 1955-56. Two continuing international educational programs for teachers and administrators, the Teacher Exchange Program and the Teacher Development Program, are operated by the Office of Education in cooperation with the Department of State. In 1955-56, 293 teachers from the United States and 448 from other countries participated in these 2 programs. Technical Cooperation Programs provided study and observation opportunities for 6,047 participants. The Office of Education provided training in the field of education for 598 of these persons, who represented 39 different countries. Table 68. — Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education: 1948-49 to 1955-56 Areas of origin Academic year Total Western Hemi¬ sphere Europe Africa Asia and Near East Pacific Other i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1948-49 . 25, 464 11,070 ‘ 4, 065 888 8,218 *845 378 1949-50 _ 26, 433 10, 444 1 5, 574 904 8,313 *938 260 1950-51 . 29,813 10. 962 ‘ 7, 157 1,027 9,411 *1,110 146 1951-52 . 30, 474 11,034 ‘ 7, 220 1, 072 9, 737 * 1, 227 184 1952-53 _ 33, 675 12,258 7,856 1, 081 * 11,547 316 ‘617 1953-54.... . 33, 833 13, 297 6,171 1,163 » 12, 766 354 ‘82 1954-55... . . 34, 232 13. 160 5,196 1,234 » 14, 254 337 ‘51 1955-56 _ _ _ 36, 494 13, 516 5,502 1, 231 *15,864 353 ‘28 i Includes students from U.S.S.R. * Includes students from the Philippines. Source: Institute of International Education, New York: Education for One World, 1948-49 to 1953-54; and Open Doors, 1954-55 and 1955-56. ^ During 1955 and 1956, three bulletins in the field of comparative education were published by the Office of Education: Education in Honduras , Education in Mexico , and Education in Taiwan. These are part of a continuing series of studies of education in other countries. Also released during this biennium was a revised edition of Education in the United States of America. This publication presents an over-all picture of education in this country; and since it assumes no prior knowledge of education in the United States, it is especially useful for foreign students and educators who wish to become acquainted with our educational system. o PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID PAYMENT OF POSTAGE, $300 (GPO) United States Government Printing Office DIVISION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS Washington 25, D.C. OFFICIAL BUSINESS If you do not desire to continue to receive this type of publication, please check here □; tear off this label and return it to the above address. Your name will then be removed promptly from the appropriate mailing list. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1954- 56 Statistics OF State School Systems: 1955-56 Organization, Staff, Pupils, Chapter 2 HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE • Office of Education Highlights At the beginning of the 1955-56 school year there were 37,262,000 children of school age in the United States, who comprised 22.7 percent of the total population. Total pupil enrollments in public elementary and secondary schools rose from 28,836,000 in 1953-54 to a record 31,163,000 in 1955-56, an increase of 2,327,000 or 8.1 percent. The total instructional staff rose 115,000 or 10.5 percent, during the 1954-56 biennium, reaching a peak of 1,213,000 in 1955-56. A record number of pupils (1,252.000) graduated from public high schools in 1955-56. The steady decline in the number of school districts con¬ tinued, dropping to 54,800 in 1955-56 from 63,000 two years earlier. The number of 1-teacher schools decreased from 42,900 in 1953-54 to 35,000 in 1955-56. In 1955-56, total revenue receipts for school purposes (in¬ come from appropriations, taxes, etc.) amounted to $9,687 million. Of this total, the Federal Government contributed 4.6 percent; State sources, 39.5 percent; intermediate sources, 1.8 percent; local sources, 53.9 percent; and other sources, 0.2 percent. A grand total of $10,955 million was spent in 1955-56 for public school education (current expenditures, capital outlay, and interest), an increase of 20.5 percent over the $9,092 million spent in 1953-54. The current expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance rose from $265 in 1953-54 to $294 in 1955-56. The average annual salary of the total instructional staff (supervisors, principals, teachers, etc.) was $4,156 in 1955-56 as compared with $3,825 in 1953-54. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 Statistics Chapter 2 0F State School Systems: 1955-56 Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances Samuel Schloss, Head , State School Systems Statistics Unit , and Carol Joy Hobson, Statistician, prepared this chapter. Emery M. Foster, Chief, Research Studies and Surveys Section, had general direction of the study. vJurt I iUnv I'di-j O ' *2 Anf p 1 p" If i'shi', LihiuliiL J u 1 1 i 1 1959 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education, Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1954-56: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems: Organiza¬ tion, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955—56. Chapter 3. Statistics of Local School Systems: Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955—56. Section I. City School Systems. Section II. Suburban School Systems. Section III. County-Unit School Systems. Section IV. Rural School Systems. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education, 1955-56. Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property. Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955—56. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1959 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 45 cents Foreword FROM THE STANDPOINT of the relationship of edu¬ cation to the democratic form of government and from the standpoint of the number of people and the amount of money involved, this chapter of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States reports on the most fundamental and the largest segment of the edu¬ cational system in the United States — the public elemen¬ tary and secondary school system. This chapter illustrates how a decentralized national school system, administered by over 50,000 local school districts under 48 State systems, cooperates voluntarily with the Federal Government in the collection of national statistics. Periodic statistical reports on elementary and secondary education by the Office of Education began with the school year 1869-70. For the school years 1869-70 through 1915-16 they were included as part of the Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Education. Since 1917-18 a report has been issued biennially for each school year ending in an even number. In the present period of rapid expansion and shortages of teachers and school buildings, the historical series contained in this chapter are the bases for projecting the needs that should be met in the near future and for evaluating the ability of States to finance necessary school programs. Certain significant parts of the data in the present chapter were made available promptly after being received by the Office of Education in preliminary Circular No. 508 and through a multilithed final statistical summary (Cir¬ cular No. 543) ; in addition, some of the tables were made available, earlier, in dittoed form. Thus, at least part of the data have been available for use long before publica¬ tion of this final, completed chapter. HI IV FOREWORD The present chapter, like its predecessors, presents data chiefly for full-time public elementary and secondary day schools. Kindergartens have been included as part of ele¬ mentary schools. Some data are also given for junior colleges, summer schools, and adult education, as well as for nonpublic (denominational and nonsectarian) schools. Not included in this chapter are data for the following types of public schools: (a) Schools operated directly by the Federal Government on military reserva¬ tions; (b) Federal schools for Indians and for the natives of Alaska ; (c) residential schools for exceptional children ; and (d) demonstration, model, and training schools at¬ tached to teachers colleges or universities. Some data on schools in these various categories are, however, included in the “Statistical Summary of Education,1 ” constituting Chapter 1 of the Biennial Survey . Not covered in any chapter are private commercial and trade schools, private schools of art, music, dancing, etc., of less than college grade, and private correspondence schools. The data for the present chapter were collected by means of a 2-part report-form addressed to the State de¬ partments of education (this form is reproduced at the end of this chapter). The items in the report-form are keyed to the items of Handbook I, The Common Core of State Educational Information. This Handbook, published by the Office of Education in 1953, lists the items of infor¬ mation which, according to the consensus of a series of conferences, “every State department of education should have available annually.” This chapter embodies the cooperative efforts of many persons connected with the public schools of the Nation. First, there are more than one million teachers, not to mention school bus drivers, custodians, and others, who report basic data to the principals of over 130,000 ele¬ mentary and secondary schools. Summary reports from the principals are then checked and compiled by thousands of school officials — mainly superintendents and school business officers of county, city, or independent school districts — who, in turn, transmit the information to the State or Territorial department of education. There the data are further scrutinized and summarized, and an ex¬ tensive 2-part statistical report is made to the Office of Education. There the data are carefully reviewed, an- FOREWORD V alyzed, and prepared for publication. Each of the groups in this step-by-step process has had to contend with the problems of accuracy, completeness, and comparability in consolidating the reports from the previous level. The Office of Education is indebted to all who have supplied the data from which it compiled the data finally appearing in this chapter. This present report exemplifies one of the major func¬ tions of the Office of Education as a clearinghouse for the collection and dissemination of basic educational informa¬ tion. In an educational system characterized by decentral¬ ized control and voluntary cooperation, such a clearing¬ house has special utility. Herbert S. Conrad, Director Educational Statistics Branch Roy M. Hall, Assistant Commissioner for Research Contents Text Page Foreword _ hi Administrative Organization of Public Elementary and Secondary Education _ 2 State boards of education _ 3 State departments of education _ 3 Intermediate administrative units _ 3 Local basic administrative units (school districts) _ 4 Teachers and Other Instructional Staff _ 5 Growth of School-Age Population and Total Population _ 7 Proportion of various age groups of the school-age population enrolled in public and nonpublic schools _ 8 Proportion of population aged 5-17 enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools _ 8 Pupil Enrollment in Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools _ 9 Total enrollment _ 9 Enrollment in kindergarten and in grades 1 through 8__ 10 Enrollment in grades 9-12 and in postgraduate work.— 10 Average daily attendance _ 11 Ratio of pupils to instructional staff _ 12 Public High School Graduates _ 13 One-Teacher Schools _ _ 14 National School Lunch and Special School Milk Programs _ 14 Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Education _ 15 Revenue receipts _ 16 Nonrevenue receipts _ 18 Balances carried over from previous year _ 18 Total expenditures _ 19 Current expenditures _ 19 VII VIII CONTENTS Text — Continued Page Average annual salaries of instructional staff _ 21 Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance _ 22 Expenditures for pupil transportation _ 23 Capital outlay _ 23 Interest _ 24 School property and other assets _ 24 School indebtedness _ 25 Enrollment and instructional staff in Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools _ 25 Appendix _ 116 Technical Notes _ 116 Report Form _ 119 Text Tables A. School-age population (5-17 years old) and enrollment in public and nonpublic schools, by age group : Con¬ tinental United States, October 1955 _ 8 B. Enrollment, average daily attendance, and percent of enrolled pupils attending daily, public elementary and secondary day schools : Continental United States, 1909-10 to 1955-56 _ 9 C. Enrollment in grades 9 to 12 in public day schools by sex: Continental United States, 1909-10 to 1955-56 11 D. Number of public high-school graduates, by sex : Conti¬ nental United States, 1939-40 to 1955-56 _ 14 E. Revenue receipts, public elementary and secondary school systems, by governmental source : Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 17 F. Revenue receipts, nonrevenue receipts, and beginning balances, public elementary and secondary school sys¬ tems : Continental United States, 1953-54 and 1955-56 _ 19 G. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose : Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 20 H. Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools (denomi¬ national and nonsectarian) : Estimated number of in¬ structional staff and enrollment, by level : Continental United States, 1931-32 to 1955-56 _ 26 CONTENTS IX Page Basic Tables 1. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 _ 27 2. Board members and staff of State boards of education and staff of State departments of education, by State : 1955-56 _ 30 3. Intermediate administrative units: Number of units, board members, and staff, by State : 1955-56 _ 32 4. Local basic administrative units (school districts) : Number of units, board members, and staff, by State : 1955-56 _ 34 5. Number of local basic administrative units (school dis¬ tricts), and number of one-teacher schools, by State: 1931-32 to 1955-56 _ 36 6. Number of local basic administrative units (school dis¬ tricts) by type of program operated, by State: 1955-56 _ 38 7. Size distribution of local basic administrative units (school districts) by number of pupils in average daily attendance, by State : 1955-56 _ 40 8. Number of public schools by type, including one-teacher schools, by State : 1955-56 _ 42 9. Instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position and level of instruc¬ tion, by State : 1955-56 _ 44 10. Classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools, by sex and level of instruction, by State : 1955-56 _ 46 11. Personnel engaged in health, food services, and recrea¬ tional activities in local basic administrative units, by State: 1955-56 _ 48 12. Personnel engaged in attendance, clerical, plant opera¬ tion and maintenance, transportation, and miscella¬ neous activities in local basic administrative units, by State: 1955-56 _ 50 13. Total population, school-age population, and enrollment by sex in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1955-56 _ 52 14. High-school graduates of full-time public secondary day schools, by sex, by State : 1955-56 _ 54 15. Enrollment by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State : 1955-56 _ 56 X CONTENTS Basic Tables — Continued Page 16. Enrollment by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools : Continental United States, 1944-45 to 1955-56 _ 58 17. Total number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day school, by State: 1870-71 to 1955-56 _ 60 18. Percent of total population and percent of school-age population enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1955-56 _ 62 19. Enrollment, attendance, and membership in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1955-56 _ 64 20. Average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1955-56 _ 66 21. Students and employed personnel in public summer elementary and secondary schools, adult education, and community colleges, by State : 1955-56 _ 68 22. Selected data on the pupil-transportation and school- lunch programs, by State: 1955-56 _ 70 23. Summary of revenue and nonrevenue receipts and be¬ ginning balances, by State : 1955-56 _ 72 24. Revenue receipts from Federal, State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by State: 1955-56 _ 74 25. Percentage distribution of revenue receipts from Fed¬ eral, State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by State: 1955-56 _ 76 26. Nonrevenue receipts from State, intermediate, and local sources, and beginning balances, by State: 1955-56 _ 78 27. Summary of expenditures for public schools, by State : 1955-56 _ 80 28. Current expenditures for administration for State boards of education and State departments of educa¬ tion, by State : 1955-56 _ 83 29. Current expenditures for administration for intermedi¬ ate and local basic administrative units, by State: 1955-56 _ 85 30. Current expenditures for instruction in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1955-56 _ 88 CONTENTS XI Basic Tables — Continued Page 31. Average annual salary per member of total instruc¬ tional staff in full-time public elementary and secon¬ dary day schools, by State ; and personal income per member of labor force: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 90 32. Current expenditures for plant operation, plant main¬ tenance, and fixed charges, by State: 1955-56 _ 92 33. Current expenditures for other public school services and community services, by State : 1955-56 _ 94 34. Current expenditures for public summer elementary and secondary schools, adult education, and com¬ munity colleges, by State : 1955-56 _ 96 35. Expenditures for capital outlay, by State: 1955-56 _ 98 36. Capital outlay cost of publicly owned school plants completed and made available for use during the year, by organizational level, by State : 1955-56 _ 100 37. Expenditures for debt service from current funds and other funds, by State: 1955-56 _ 101 38. Status of school bonds and other indebtedness, perma¬ nent school funds, and acres of school land, by State : 1955-56 _ 104 39. Value of public school property of local basic adminis¬ trative units, by State: 1955-56 _ 106 40. Unit expenditure data for public school systems, by State: 1955-56 _ 107 41. Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 110 42. Estimated enrollment and instructional staff in full¬ time nonpublic elementary and secondary day schools (dominational and nonsectarian), by State: 1955-56 111 43. Catholic elementary and secondary schools : Number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollment, by State : 1955-56 _ 112 44. Enrollment in full-time public and nonpublic elemen¬ tary and secondary day schools, by State : 1955-56 _ 114 Statistics of State School Systems, 1955-56: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances 1 THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is devoted almost exclusively to data on the organization, staffing, enroll¬ ment, and finances of public elementary and secondary schools in the 48 States, the District of Columbia, and the seven outlying parts of the United States, for the school year 1955-56. A number of tables also give historical data for prior years — in some cases going back as far as 1869-70. In addition, a text table is included, based on data from the Bureau of the Census, which presents figures on the combined public and nonpublic school enrollment by age, as of October 1955. Some data are also given for public summer schools, adult education, and community colleges, as well as for nonpublic elementary and secondary schools. Nonpublic schools include both denominational and nonsectarian schools, but not private resi¬ dential schools for exceptional children or private vocational and trade schools. Public schools not included in this chapter are (1) those oper¬ ated directly by the Federal Government on military reservations and schools for Indians and Alaskan natives, (2) public residential schools for exceptional children, and (3) model or training schools attached to teachers colleges or universities. Figures for these schools are included, to the extent available, in the Statistical Sum¬ mary of Education, which constitutes chapter 1 of the Biennial Survey of Education for 1954-56. Totals for continental United States include the 48 States and the District of Columbia, but not the outlying parts. Direct com- 1 Acknowledgment is made to Mary Anne Harvey and Pauline Spaulding, who participated in the verification of original returns and preparation of basic tables and to Esther M. Cooper, for clerical and secretarial assistance in the preparation of this publication. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 parisons should not be made between individual States and the District of Columbia, because the school system of the latter corre¬ sponds to that of other large cities rather than to that of an entire State, in which both rural and city schools are included. For a number of years, the Office of Education, in conjunction with other agencies (particularly the State departments of educa¬ tion and the Council of Chief State School Officers) , has encouraged the adoption of uniform terminology and definitions in school records, accounts, and reports. Handbook 7, The Common Core of State Educational Inf ormation (Office of Education Bulletin 1953, No. 8), incorporates much useful information on the meaning of terms used in educational statistics which should prove helpful to the readers of this chapter. Data for this chapter were furnished by State and Territorial departments of education to the Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The State reports were, in turn, based on data supplied by local or intermediate administra¬ tive units, and represent the cooperative efforts of an estimated 1,600,000 persons at the State, intermediate, and local levels, in¬ cluding superintendents, supervisors, principals, teachers, and other instructional and noninstructional staff, but excluding board members. It is important to recognize the difficulties that the States must overcome in their efforts to obtain complete and accu¬ rate information from the thousands of local units which must keep records that will permit them to report on a uniform basis the data needed for the effective planning of local and State educational programs. This report constitutes the only comprehensive, periodic sum¬ marization of statistics of public elementary and secondary educa¬ tion in the United States. It furnishes basic information for the formulation of educational policies and programs. A recapitulation of the principal items of information from 1869-70 through 1955- 56 is given in table l.1 Administrative Organization of Public Elementary and Secondary Education The role of the State in the administration of the educational i Arabic numerals indicate basic tables found in the latter part of this chapter ; capital letters refer to text tables. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 program is exercised through State boards of education, chief State school officers, and State departments of education. State Boards of Education During the school year 1955-56, 44 States had State boards of education (table 2). These State boards exercised general control over elementary and secondary schools, and, in some instances, over other types of schools. The State board of education was designated as the State board for vocational education in 42 of the 44 States having such boards. Also during this school year there was a wide range in the size of the boards, the number of members ranging from 3 to 23. Almost half of the States reported that their boards (both State and voca¬ tional) were assisted by a total of 155 professional personnel and 170 secretarial and clerical assistants. State Departments of Education Each State has a State department of education headed by a chief State school officer. Staffs of State departments totaled almost 9,000 individuals, consisting of approximately 3,600 super¬ visory and professional staff members, more than 3,900 secretarial and clerical assistants, and over 400 plant operation and mainte¬ nance employees for operating the regular programs ; in addition, there were 100 administrative heads of other programs and almost 1,000 aides (table 2). Professional staffs of the State departments include superintendents or commissioners and their deputies, di¬ rectors of divisions and chiefs of organized services, and regional and district supervisors. Intermediate Administrative Units Because most States operate their schools through many small school districts with limited resources, some intermediate unit of school administration has been found desirable. Intermediate units for public-school administration, operating between the State and the local level, include counties, parts of counties, and supervisory unions. The main responsibility of intermediate units has been not 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 the operation of schools but the rendering of consultative, advisory, and statistical services, and the exercise of regulatory and inspec¬ torial functions. Many intermediate units provide services such as the supervision of instruction, health supervision, attendance serv¬ ice, and pupil transportation service. The 34 states with inter¬ mediate boards of education reported a total of approximately 7,600 board members (table 3). Staffs of intermediate units con¬ sisted of some 6,300 superintendents, supervisors, attendance offi¬ cers, and other professional personnel; over 1,200 secretarial and clerical assistants ; and more than 400 other personnel. Local Basic Administrative Units (School Districts) The actual operation of schools is generally the responsibility of local school systems in the various States. The local basic adminis¬ trative unit or school district is an area organized as a quasi¬ corporation under the jurisdiction of a board of education responsible for the administration of all public schools in the area. School districts provide the machinery through which local control of schools is exercised, and are largely responsible for the location and size of schools, the types of educational programs and services offered, and the amount of financial support to be provided locally. The size and characteristics of the local school districts vary from State to State. The number of districts has declined steadily in recent years as a result of reorganization and consolidation. The total number of districts in the continental United States in 1955-56 was approxi¬ mately 54,800, as compared with 63,000 in 1953-54, and 83,600 in 1949-50 (table 5) . Most school districts do not operate a complete educational program. Forty-four States reported the number of local school districts according to the type of program operated. Out of a total of approximately 46,900 districts for which such information is available, 28,700 maintained elementary grades only (12,900 of these operating only a single 1-teacher school), 12,000 operated both elementary and secondary schools, about 1,200 maintained secondary schools only, and about 200 school dis¬ tricts operated a junior college either alone or in combination with elementary and/or secondary programs. More than 4,800 districts operated no educational program at all (table 6) . For the 39 States which supplied the pertinent information, table 7 gives a size distribution of the number of local school dis¬ tricts according to the number of pupils in average daily attend- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 ance. Of the 42,000 school districts in these States, 50 percent had fewer than 25 pupils in average daily attendance; 15 percent had between 25 and 100 pupils; 25 percent had between 100 and 1,000 pupils ; and only 10 percent had more than 1,000 pupils in average daily attendance. These data reveal that local school districts are still predominantly small, even though considerable progress has been made in the consolidation of small, inefficient units. Each school district has a school board, usually consisting of from 3 to 9 members vested with policy-making and supervisory authority ; some districts have subordinate boards or school trustees with more limited authority. The vast majority of school boards are elected by popular vote, while others are appointed by various Government officials. In 1955-56, there were 223,000 school board members, a decrease of 9,600 or 4.1 percent, from the number in 1953-54. The administrative staff of local school districts consisted of 13,300 superintendents and 3,400 aides. The instructional staff, numbering 1,213,000, constituted by far the largest group of school district employees (over three-fourths of the total) . Noninstructional personnel employed in local school systems (tables 11 and 12) are engaged in such activities as attendance enforcement, school health and recreation, pupil transportation, the school-lunch program, and the operation and maintenance of the school plant. Forty-two States and the District of Columbia reported 285,000 full-time and 51,000 part-time noninstructional personnel (table 4). Taking into account the fact that six States did not collect any data on noninstructional personnel and some others only part of the information, it is estimated that there were about 400,000 employees in continental United States engaged in such activities. Overall, some 1.8 million persons are considered to be directly concerned with the operation of the public elementary and secondary schools. These include board members (generally serving without compensation) , administrative staffs at the State, intermediate, and local levels, and instructional and noninstruc¬ tional staffs. It is significant that about 99 percent serve at the county and local levels. Teachers and Other Instructional Staff “Instructional staff,” as the term is used in this chapter, refers to those personnel who render direct and personal services which 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 are in the nature of teaching or the improvement of the teacher¬ learning situation. Included, therefore, are supervisors of instruc¬ tion, principals, teachers, guidance personnel, librarians, and psy¬ chological personnel. The duty of supervisors of instruction, in¬ cluding consultants, is to assist teachers in improving the learning situation and instructional methods at a particular level or in a particular subject. Principals are the administrative heads of schools. They usually administer a building or a group of buildings with or without the aid of supervisors. Data on personnel are reported in terms of number of positions, rather than the number of individuals occupying those positions during the school year. The latter generally exceeds the former by a small amount. In 1955-56, the instructional staff (table 9) consisted of 13,000 supervisors, 51,000 principals, 1,133,000 classroom teachers, and 16,000 other instructional staff. They constituted a total of 1,213,- 000, an increase of 115,000, or 10.5 percent, over the number in 1953-54. Separate data on classroom teachers were collected for the first time by the 1953-54 survey. In prior years information was requested for the combined group of classroom teachers and other nonsupervisory instructional staff. However, some States have not been able to report the various categories of nonsuper¬ visory instructional staff separately, with the result that the fig¬ ures on “classroom teachers” include an undetermined number of other instructional staff. In 1955-56, the 1,133,000 “classroom teachers” accounted for 93 percent of the total instructional staff. Approximately 723,000 were in elementary schools and 410,000 were in secondary schools, including junior high schools. A num¬ ber of States also reported separately several other categories of instructional personnel. Included were about 8,200 librarians, 6,600 guidance personnel, and 1,300 psychological personnel. The percentage of male instructional staff members (excluding supervisors and principals) declined from 42.8 in 1879-80 to 14.1 in 1919-20. During subsequent years the proportion of men has fluctuated from 15.3 to 24.4 percent. In 1943-44, at the middle of World War II, men constituted only 15.3 percent of the total non¬ supervisory instructional staff. Since then there has been a steady increase : the percentage rose to 16.6 in 1945-46, 18.8 in 1947-48, 21.3 in 1949-50, and 24.4 in 1951-52. In the 1953-54 survey, respondents were asked to report the sex of classroom teachers only. Consequently, the exact number of men in the instructional staff is not known. However, the number of male classroom teach¬ ers is known, and it is possible to make a reasonably accurate estimate of the number of men serving as guidance personnel, STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 librarians, and psychological personnel. It is estimated that during 1955-56 men constituted 26 percent of the total nonsupervisory instructional staff in all schools, less than 13 percent in elementary schools, and 49 percent in secondary schools. Growth of School-Age Population and Total Population During the 80-odd years for which the Office of Education has been collecting educational statistics, there has been a marked increase in the number of children to be educated. However, the relative increase in the population of elementary-secondary school age (generally taken to comprise the ages 5 through 17) has not been as large as the increase in the total population. The total population more than quadrupled during the period, while the population aged 5 through 17 has multiplied somewhat more than three times (table 1) . This is largely accounted for by a declining mortality at both ends of the life span. The proportion that the population aged 5-17 is of the total population declined steadily — from 30.3 percent in 1869-70 to 20.3 percent in 1949-50; since then it has been moving upward, rising to 22.7 percent in 1955-56. The population aged 5-17, about 12 million in 1869-70, increased steadily at a rate of about 3 million each decade until 1909-10, and then increased by 3.5 million between 1909-10 and 1919-20. The next decade saw the largest increase (3.9 million), which brought the total number of children aged 5-17 to 31.4 million by 1929-30. The size of this age group reached a peak of 32.4 million in 1933-34, and then went into a decline which lasted until the end of World War II. The upturn in the birthrate immediately following the war resulted in a steady increase in the size of the population aged 5-17. But it was not until the beginning of the school year 1951-52 that the number of children in this group (31.4 million) approached the level reached in 1935-36, when it had been 31.6 million. In 1955-56, the school-age population attained an all-time peak of 37.3 million children. The increase is expected to continue, but at a decreasing rate through the remaining years of the present decade. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Proportion of Various Age Groups of the School-Age Population Enrolled in Public and Nonpublic Schools Table A presents Bureau of the Census data as of October 1955 on the enrollment, by age groups, of the civilian noninstitutional population 5 to 17 years old in public and nonpublic schools combined. Table A. — School-age population 1 (5-17 years old) and enrollment in public and nonpublic schools, by age group: Continental United States, October 1955 School-age Enrollment in public Percent of Age group 1 population and nonpublic schools age group (thousands) (thousands) enrolled 1 2 3 4 5 to 17 years . 37 ,437 s 34 ,518 92 .2 5 years . 3,543 2,060 58.1 6 to 13 years . 24,725 24,488 99.0 6 years . 3,524 3,460 98.2 7 to 9 years . 10,259 10,175 99.2 10 to 13 years . 10,942 10,853 99.2 14 to 17 years . 9,169 7,970 86.9 14 to 15 years . 4,709 4,516 95.9 16 to 17 years . 4,460 3,454 77.4 1 Civilian noninstitutional population. 2 Comparisons of the ages of the population and their normal level in school are based on the following assumptions : elementary-secondary school, 5 to 17 years old ; kindergarten, 5 years old ; elementary grades, 6 to 13 years old ; and secondary grades, 14 to 17 years old. 3 The difference between the 34,518,000 reported by the Bureau of the Census for October 1965 and the 35,872,203 given in table 44 for the entire school year 1955-56, is due partly to the fact that the Census obtains opening fall enrollment and the Office of Education obtains cumulative academic year enrollment. The Census method of house-to-house sampling eliminates all dupli¬ cations, but the Office of Education method of summation of State figures for public and private schools includes certain duplications for children who move from State to State and from public to private schools and vice versa during the year. Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 66. (Based on sample survey of the population.) Proportion of Population Aged 5-17 Enrolled in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools The proportion of children aged 5-17 enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools increased steadily from 57 percent in 1869-70 to a peak of 84.4 percent in 1939-40 (table 1). The percentage fluctuated around a lower level during most of the 1940’s (it declined to 79.4 percent in 1947-48) . However, the trend STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 has been generally upward in recent years ; the percentage rose to 83.1 in 1949-50 and 84.7 in 1951-52, but declined to 83.6 in 1955-56. Pupil Enrollment in Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools Total Enrollment Total enrollment in public elementary and secondary day schools has shown a more consistent growth, decade by decade, than has the population of elementary-secondary school age. From an en¬ rollment of fewer than 7 million in 1869-70, the number rose to 26.4 million in 1933-34, a high which was not to be reached or surpassed until 1951-52. The lower number of births during the depression years of the 1930’s, and the unsettled conditions during the war years following resulted in a gradual decline in enrollments to a low of 23.2 million in 1944-45. The downward trend in enroll¬ ments was reversed in 1945-46 and the subsequent growth has been at an increasing rate, reaching an all-time peak of 31.2 million in 1955-56 (table B). Total public-school enrollment increased 33.7 percent between 1945-46 and 1955-56 (table 16). However, the rate of growth varied considerably among the States. Increases in enrollment Table B. — Enrollment, average daily attendance, and percent of enrolled pupils attending daily, public elementary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, 1909-10 to 1955-56 Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1909-10 . 17,814 21,578 25,678 26,275 26,434 26,367 25,975 12,827 16,150 72.0 1943-44 . 23,267 23,226 23,300 23,659 23,945 24,477 25,111 25,706 26,563 28,836 31,163 19,603 19,671 19,849 20,449 20,910 21,496 22,284 22,747 23,257 25,644 27,740 84.3 1919-20 . 74.8 1944-45 . 84.7 1929-30 . 21,265 22,245 22,458 22,299 22,298 22,042 21,547 21,031 20,293 82.8 1945-46 . 85.2 1931-32 . 84.7 1946-47 . 86.4 1933-34 . 85.0 1947-48 . 87.3 1935-36 . 84.6 1948-49 . 87.8 1937-38 . 85.8 1949-50 . 88.7 1939-40 . 25,434 25,296 24,562 24,155 86.7 1950-51 . 88.5 1940-41 . 85.2 1951-52 . 87.6 1941-42 . 85.6 1953-54 . 88.9 1942-43 . 84.0 1955-56 . 89.0 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 ranged from 2.8 percent in Mississippi to over 100 percent in Arizona and Nevada. Regionally, the West, with an increase of 61.2 percent, was far ahead of the other sections of the country.2 The North Central region, the Northeast region, and the South had enrollment increases of 32.1, 29.0, and 28.6 percent, respectively, during the 10-year period from 1945-46 to 1955-56 (table 17). It should be noted that the enrollment information in the Bien¬ nial Survey of Education is collected on a State-by-State basis, and represents a cumulative count of the total number of different pupils registered at any time during the school year in each State. Pupils enrolled in two or more States at any time during the school year are therefore counted more than once, and this has a tendency to increase the total enrollment figure for the Nation. It is esti¬ mated that the net enrollment in 1955-56, excluding interstate transfers, was 30,344,000. This figure is 819,000, or 2.7 percent less than the 31,163,000 actually given in the various tables of this chapter. Enrollment in Kindergarten and in Grades 1 Through 8 Enrollment in kindergarten and grades 1 through 8 for conti¬ nental United States reached a high of 21.3 million pupils in 1929-30 (table 1). It declined in each subsequent year through 1944-45 (to 17.7 million), but has been rising steadily since then. There was an increase of 1.3 million pupils between 1949-50 and 1951-52 to a total of 20.7 million, reflecting the initial impact of the increased birthrate following World War II (table 16) . A gain of 3.6 million pupils from 1951-52 to 1955-56 brought elementary enrollment to an all-time high of 24.3 million. Table 16 contains a breakdown of elementary and secondary enrollments, by grade, from 1944-45 to 1955-56. Enrollment in Grades 9-12 and in Postgraduate Work The enormous increase in the number of pupils enrolled in the last 4 years of the public schools represents one of the major developments in the growth of the public school system. While the population of high school age (14-17 years) increased 71.2 percent from 1889-90 to 1955-56, enrollments in grades 9-12 and post- 2 See p. 116 for the States comprising each of the 4 geographic regions used in this chapter. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 graduates multiplied almost 34 times (table 1). The peak high school enrollment of 6,714,000 was reached in 1940-41, and then declined to a low of 5,554,000 during the war year 1943-44 (table C) . Since then the trend has been generally upward and it reached a record high of 6,873,000 in 1955-56. The greatly increased birth¬ rate since the war will be reflected in much greater high school enrollments in the second half of the present decade. There is also a continuing tendency for a greater percentage of children of high school age to attend high school. Table C. — Enrollment in grades 9 to 12l in public day schools, by sex: Continental United States, 1909-10 to 1955-56 Total Boys Girls Percent change Year (thou¬ sands) Number (thou¬ sands) Percent of total Number (thou¬ sands) Percent of total from previous year’s total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1909-10 . 915 398 43.6 517 56.4 1919-20 . 2,200 992 45.1 1,208 54.9 + 140.4 1929-30 . 4,399 2,115 48.1 2,284 51.9 +99.9 1931-32 . 5,140 2,531 49.2 2,609 50.8 + 16.8 1933-34 . 5,669 2,802 49.4 2,867 50.6 + 10.3 1935-36 . 5,975 2,949 49.4 3,026 50.6 + 5.4 1937-38 . 6,227 3,033 48.7 3,194 51.3 +4.2 1939-40 . 6,601 3,251 49.2 3,350 50.8 + 6.0 1940-41 . 6,714 3,274 48.8 3,440 51.2 + 1.7 1941-42 . 6,388 3,090 48.4 3,298 51.6 -4.9 1942-43 . 6,122 2,892 47.2 3,230 52.8 -4.2 1943-44 . 5,554 2,554 46.0 3,000 54.0 -9.3 1944-45 . 5,560 2,566 46.1 2,994 53.9 +0.1 1945-46 . 5,622 2,633 46.8 2,989 53.2 + 1.1 1946-47 . 5,838 2,823 48.4 3,015 51.6 +3.8 1947-48 . 5,653 2,747 48.6 2,906 51.4 -3.2 1948-49 . 5,658 2,759 48.8 2,899 51.2 + • 1 1949-50 . 5,725 2,822 49.3 2,903 50.7 + 1.2 1950-51 . 5,806 2,846 49.0 2,960 51.0 + 1.4 1951-52 . 1953-54 5,882 6,290 2,885 49.0 2,997 51.0 + 1.3 + 6.9 +9.3 1955—56 . 6,873 3,416 49.7 3,457 50.3 l Includes postgraduate. In the case of 11-year school systems, the grades included are those of the 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th years. Average Daily Attendance Basic data, by State, for analyzing the relationships between total enrollment and average daily attendance, aggregate days at¬ tendance, membership, and length of school term are provided in table 19. These relationships show in quantitative terms the avail¬ ability and use of school opportunities, and give rough measures of the holding power of the schools. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 The proportion of enrolled pupils attending daily reached 85 percent in 1933-34 and continued at about that level (with minor fluctuations) through World War II. Except for a small decline during the Korean conflict, the percentage has increased steadily since World War II, reaching a peak of 89 in 1955-56 (table B) . There has been a steady trend in the direction of longer school terms. This is illustrated by the fact that the average length of the school term has increased from 132 days in 1869-70, to 173 days in 1929-30, and 178 days in 1955-56. In 1955-56 there were only 2 States with an average length of school term of fewer than 170 days, as contrasted with 8 States in that category 10 years earlier. There has also been a continuing trend toward a greater number of days attended by each pupil enrolled. During the 10-year period from 1945-46 to 1955-56, the average number of days attended increased from 151 to 159. Ratio of Pupils to Instructional Staff The number of pupils per classroom teacher, otherwise known as the “pupil-teacher ratio,” has often been used as a measure of teacher workload. However, precise data of this type have never actually been available either nationally or for the individual States. In the first place, it has been difficult to obtain accurate information on the number of classroom teachers. The available figures on “teachers” have generally included librarians and guid¬ ance and psychological personnel as well as classroom teachers. In the second place, the meaning of the term “pupils” has not always been uniform, since “pupils” may refer to the number enrolled , the number in average daily attendance, or the number in average daily membership. Even if valid pupil-teacher ratios could be computed from satisfactory data, they lose any real meaning when applied to the whole Nation or to an entire State. National averages and even averages on a statewide basis tend to obscure the significant differ¬ ences in pupil-teacher ratios, such as those between urban and rural areas, between large and small schools, and between elementary and secondary schools. For the reasons given above, pupil-teacher ratios have not been computed for the various States either historically or for the cur¬ rent year. Nevertheless, it may be of interest to trace the changes occurring in the ratio of pupils to nonsupervisory instructional staff (classroom teachers, librarians, and guidance and psycho¬ logical personnel) during the past quarter-century. Based on en~ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 rollment, the national ratio was 30.1 in 1929-30, 29.1 in 1939-40, 27.5 in 1949-50, and 27.1 in 1955-56. Based on average daily at¬ tendance, the ratio was 25.2 in 1929-30, 25.2 in 1939-40, 24.4 in 1949-50, and 24.1 in 1955-56. A pupil measure considered superior to either enrollment or average daily attendance is aver¬ age daily membership and sufficiently reliable information of this type has become available for the first time for the school year 1955-56. Based on average daily membership, the estimated ratio of pupils to staff in 1955-56 was 25.8. It is generally known that the pupil-teacher ratio is higher in elementary schools than in high schools. The extent of this differ¬ ence cannot readily be determined from available data in the pres¬ ent survey because pupils are classified by grade group, while teachers are classified by organizational level. For example, pupils in grade 7 of a junior high school are shown in the kindergarten- grade 8 group, but their teachers are generally considered as members of the secondary school group. Public High School Graduates As would be expected from the growth of secondary school en¬ rollments discussed earlier in this chapter, the number of public high school graduates has increased manyfold during the present century. After reaching a high of 1,161,000 graduates in 1941-42, the number fell to less than a million in the two succeeding bien¬ niums (table D). Since World War II, the number has fluctuated irregularly but the long-range trend is upward. In 1955-56 1,326,000 pupils were enrolled in the last year of high school, of whom 1,252,000, or 94.4 percent, were graduated. The percentage has fluctuated narrowly from 94 to 95 percent dur¬ ing the past decade. The number of graduates in 1955-56 repre¬ sented 67.3 percent of the class entering grade 9 in 1952-53, compared with 63.4 percent graduating in 1953-54. The percent¬ ages cited above attest to the increasing holding power of public high schools. In addition to the graduates from regular public high schools, some 45,000 persons were granted high school equivalency certifi¬ cates in 1955-56. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table D. — Number of public high-school graduates, by sex: Continental United States, 1939-40 to 1955-56 Year Total Boys Girls Percent change from previous year’s total Number Percent of total Number Percent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 . 1,143,246 538,273 47.1 604 , 973 52.9 1940-41 . 1,152,223 536,715 46.6 615,508 53.4 +0.8 1941-42 . 1,161,199 535,156 46.1 626,043 53.9 +0.8 1942-43 . 1,086,498 489,115 45.0 597 , 383 55.0 -6.4 1943-44 . 953,254 393,418 41.3 559,836 58.7 -12.3 1944-45 . 944,536 0 0 0 0 -.9 1945-46 . 974,407 418,725 43.0 555,682 57.0 +3.2 1946-47 . 1,073,679 0 0 0 0 + 10.2 1947-48 . 1,073,178 507 , 649 47.3 565,529 52.7 0 1948-49 . 1,057.944 499,984 47.3 557,960 52.7 — 1.4 1949-50 . 1,063,444 505,394 47.5 558,050 52.5 + .5 1950-51 . 1,042,600 496,700 47.6 545,900 52.4 -2.0 1951-52 . 1,055,586 501,723 47.5 553,863 52.5 + 1.2 1953-54 . 1,129,341 544 , 575 48.2 584,766 51.8 +7.0 1955-56 . 1,252,054 606,502 48.4 645,552 51.6 + 10.9 1 Data not available. 2 Decrease less than 0.05 of 1 percent. One-Teacher Schools The tendency in recent years to provide more complete instruc¬ tional services for the Nation’s rural youth through school district reorganization has resulted in a sharp drop in the number of one- teacher schools. The number of one-teacher schools was reduced from 143,000 in 1931-32 to 35,000 in 1955-56 (table 5) . The North Central region, with two- thirds of the Nation’s one-teacher schools, experienced the greatest numerical decrease between 1953-54 and 1955-56, but proportionately the sharpest drop took place in the Northeast region (principally in New York and Pennsylvania) . Twenty-six States furnished information on the number of grades taught in their one-teacher schools (table 8) . The number of such schools with five or more grades far exceeded those with four or fewer grades. National School Lunch and Special School Milk Programs In June 1946, the 79th Congress passed Public Law 396, gen¬ erally known as the National School Lunch Act, which provided for STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 cash grants and for the allocation of surplus commodities for school lunch purposes by the Department of Agriculture through State educational agencies. Additional commodities are made available under the provisions of Section 32 of Public Law 320, 74th Congress, which authorize the purchase and distribution of foods under surplus removal programs as one method of encourag¬ ing consumption of agricultural commodities. Federal assistance to school lunch programs had been initiated in 1935 on a limited basis as one method of providing a market for surplus agricultural commodities. Some 20 years later, the Agricultural Act of 1954 authorized reimbursement payments to elementary and secondary schools participating in the Special School Milk Program. In 1955-56, a total of $217 million in the form of cash and value of commodities was contributed by the Federal Government for the operation of the school-lunch and milk programs in public schools (table 24). All States have provided staffs for the supervision of these programs. In 1955-56, the average number of pupils served lunch per day in the school lunch program was 10.1 million. A total of 55,600 public schools participated in this program for 6 or more months during the year (table 22) . Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Education Every year the American people spend billions of dollars for public elementary and secondary education. In 1955-56, total ex¬ penditures for all purposes amounted to almost $11 billion. A major problem at all levels of government is that of raising funds to pay the ever-increasing costs of public education required by expanding enrollments and the need for new school buildings. The financial data in this chapter are concerned principally with sources of school funds and an analysis of expenditures by purpose. In any historical review of school finance, allowance must be made for the changing value of the dollar. Thus, the dollar in 1956 bought only slightly more than half of the commodities and services that could be purchased for a dollar in 1939. Only in tables 1 and 31 are any historical expenditure data presented in both current dol¬ lars and in dollars adjusted to reflect purchasing poiver in 1955-56. The 2-fold presentation of expenditure data point up the im- 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 portance of the problem of making financial figures over a period of years more meaningful. In addition to expanding school enrollments and the depreciation of the dollar, a number of other factors have contributed to increas¬ ing school expenditures over the years. These are (1) Schools are in session for longer terms; (2) teachers are receiving higher salaries; and (3) the educational program has been enlarged to include additional subjects and services. Revenue Receipts School income is classified into two broad categories: revenue receipts and nonrevenue receipts. Revenue receipts, which consti¬ tute the major portion of school income, are additions to assets which do not increase the school indebtedness and do not represent exchanges of school property for money. They are derived more or less regularly from specific sources, such as appropriations from general funds of Federal, State, county, and local governments, receipts from taxes levied for school purposes, income from per¬ manent funds and endowments, income from leases of school lands, and such miscellaneous sources as tuition, interest on bank de¬ posits, and gifts. Receipts from appropriations and taxation (in¬ cluding Federal contributions) constituted 95.6 percent of all revenue receipts during the 1955-56 school year. Revenue receipts have shown a steady upward trend since World War II. However, the rate of increase declined for several years but started to rise again in the latest biennium. In 1955-56, total revenue receipts amounted to $9.7 billion as compared with $7.9 billion in 1953-54 (table E). Over the years, a considerable shift has taken place in the sources of public revenue, of which school revenue represents only one part. In the past, the tax on real property, generally levied by local governmental units, was the major tax source for school purposes. In recent years, however, a marked trend has been noted toward the utilization of Federal and State governments as taxing agencies because they can effectively tax other major sources of wealth. Such taxes include corporate and individual income taxes and inheritance taxes at the Federal level, and income taxes, sales taxes, and gasoline taxes at the State level. With the shift of national wealth to sources other than real property, State and Federal taxes constitute a larger part of the revenue dollar, and county and local taxes proportionately less. Receipts from local STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 Table E. — Revenue receipts, public elementary and secondary school systems, by governmental source: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 1929-30 1939-40 1945-46 1947-48 Source Amount (thou¬ sands) Per¬ cent Amount (thou¬ sands) Per¬ cent Amount (thou¬ sands) Per¬ cent Amount (thou¬ sands) Per¬ cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total . $2 ,088,557 100 .0 $2 ,260,527 100 .0 $3 ,059 ,845 100.0 $4,311,534 100.0 Federal . 7,334 0.4 39,810 1.7 41,378 1.4 120,270 2.8 State . 353,670 16.9 684,354 30.3 1,062,057 34.7 1,676,362 38.9 Intermediate (county, etc.) . 216,747 10.4 151,097 6.7 185,097 6.0 229,761 5.3 Local and other 1 . . . . 1,510,806 72.3 1,385,266 61.3 1,771,312 57.9 2,285,141 53.0 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 Amount (thou¬ Per¬ Amount (thou¬ Per¬ Amount (thou¬ Per¬ Amount (thou¬ Per¬ sands) cent sands) cent sands) cent sands) cent 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total . $5,437,044 100 .0 $6,423,816 100.0 $7 ,866 ,852 100.0 $9,686,677 100.0 Federal . 155,848 2.9 227,711 3.5 355,237 4.5 441,442 4.6 State . 2,165,689 39.8 2,478,596 38.6 2,944,103 37.4 3,828,886 39.5 Intermediate (county, etc.) . 328,849 6.0 386,812 6.0 240,733 3.1 173,624 1.8 Local and other 1 . 2,786.618 51.3 3,329,609 51.8 ‘4,326,779 55.0 5,242,726 54.1 1 Other receipts, which include gifts and tuition and transportation fees from patrons, ac¬ counted for 0.2 of 1 percent of total revenue receipts in 1955-56. Note. — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. sources, however, although a decreasing proportion of the total, still accounted for 53.9 percent of total revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary school systems in 1955-56; 10 years earlier, local receipts constituted 57.9 percent. Receipts from the Federal Government, although an increasing proportion of the total, play a relatively minor role, constituting 4.6 percent of the total in 1955-56. It should be noted that Federal support of educa¬ tion has been designated for specific purposes such as aid to fed¬ erally affected areas, vocational education, and the school-lunch program, and not for general aid. The percent of revenue receipts derived from State sources in¬ creased from 34.7 percent in 1945-46 to 39.5 percent in 1955-56 (table E). In the latter year, the extent of State support by re¬ gions varied from 30.9 percent in the North Central region to 54.3 percent in the South. Receipts of intermediate administrative units, generally counties, which accounted for more than 10 per¬ cent of total revenue receipts in 1929-30, leveled off at about 6 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 percent during the next decade. Principally as a result of a re¬ classification of receipts of county-operated schools, the percentage dropped to 3.1 in 1953-54 and 1.8 in 1955-56. Such receipts had formerly been classified with intermediate administrative units rather than with local administrative units. Receipts from other revenue sources, including gifts and tuition and transportation fees from patrons, amounted to a little more than $22 million, or 0.2 of 1 percent of total revenue receipts (tables 24 and 25). ISonrevenue Receipts Nonrevenue receipts are those receipts which either incur a future obligation or change the form of an asset from property to cash and therefore decrease the amount and value of school prop¬ erty. Money received from loans, sale of bonds, sale of property purchased from capital funds, and proceeds from insurance adjust¬ ments constitute most of the nonrevenue receipts. Since nonrevenue receipts are generally used for capital outlay purposes, such re¬ ceipts have fluctuated with the amount of school building activity. After reaching a low of $94.8 million in 1943-44, reflecting the curtailment of the school building program during the war, non¬ revenue receipts rose markedly during the postwar period and reached a peak of $2.4 billion in 1955-56. The increase is expected to continue for a number of years until the supply of schoolhousing is more nearly in balance with demand. Balances Carried Over from Previous Year Balances on hand which are carried over from the previous year and are therefore available for spending during the current year constitute an important part of total school revenues. In 1955-56, beginning balances amounted to $2.5 billion, or 17 percent of the total amount of $14.5 billion available for spending (table F). In most cases, such balances are earmarked for specific purposes. For the States reporting balances by purpose, the highest percentage of the balances carried over was for building reserves, a sizable percentage for current operation, and a lesser proportion for serial bond interest and redemption (table 26). STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 Table F. — Revenue receipts, nonrevenue receipts, and beginning balances, public elementary and secondary school systems: Continental United States, 1953-54 and 1955-56 [Amounts in thousands of dollars] Item 1953-54 1955-56 Percent increase, 1953-54 to 1955-56 i 2 3 4 Total amount available . 11,825,192 14 ,529 ,654 22 .9 Revenue receipts . 7,866,852 9,686,677 23.1 From taxation and appropriations (including Federal).. From all other sources . . 7,481,783 385,069 9,257,952 428,725 23.7 11.3 Nonrevenue receipts (bond sales, loans, etc.) . 1,824,004 2,356,189 29.2 Balances on hand, beginning of year . 2,134,336 2,486,788 16.5 Note. — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Total Expenditures A grand total of almost $11 billion was spent in 1955-56 for public elementary and secondary education, an increase of 20.5 percent over the $9.1 billion spent in 1953-54. Included in the grand total are current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools, summer schools, community colleges, and adult education, and also capital outlay and interest but not bond redemption (table 27) . A breakdown of the total into its component parts, for selected years, is given in table G. Current Expenditures Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools amounted to $8.3 billion in 1955-56, or 75.3 percent of expenditures for all educational purposes. Ten years earlier the proportion exceeded 90 percent, principally because of the lesser proportion that capital outlay was of the total during the war period (table G) . Current expenditures for other types of schools (summer schools, junior colleges, adult education, and community services) totaled $101 million in 1955-56. Data for these programs are probably incomplete in some respects. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table G. — Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 Purpose 1929-30 1939-40 1945-46 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS Total expendi- tures, all schools 2,316,790 2,344,049 2,906,886 5,837 ,643 7,344,237 9 ,092 ,449 10,955,047 Total current expenditures, 1,853,377 1,955,166 2,718,917 4,722,888 5,752,595 6,883,387 8,352,162 Total current expen- ditures for public elementary and secondary schools. 1,843,552 1,941,799 2,707,441 4,687,274 5,722,162 6,790,923 8,251,420 Administration . 78,680 91,571 132,899 220,050 265,636 310,995 372,956 Instruction .... 1,317,727 1,403,285 1,853,911 3,112,340 3,781,837 4,552,349 5,501,921 Plant operation Plant mainte- 216,072 194,365 270,280 427,587 508,575 622,671 752,739 78,810 50,270 73,321 50,116 101,254 135,480 214,164 261,469 248,674 341,601 284,871 446,252 319,560 531,393 Fixed charges . . Other school services L . . . 101,993 129,141 213,617 451,663 575,839 573,785 772,851 Current expendi- tures for summer (9 (2) (9 (9 (9 1,690 2,853 Current expendi- tures for adult 9,825 13,367 11,477 35,614 30,432 42,033 30,554 Current expendi- tures for com¬ munity colleges. . . (9 (2) (9 (9 (9 23,363 31,468 Current expendi¬ tures for com¬ munity services. . . (l) (9 (9 (9 (9 25,378 35,868 Capital outlay . 370,878 92,536 257,974 130,909 111,046 1,014,176 1,477,332 2,055,178 2,387,187 Interest . 76,923 100,578 114,310 153,884 215,699 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total expendi¬ tures, all schools 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100.0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 Total current expenditures. all schools . 80.0 83.4 93.5 80.9 78.3 75.7 76.2 Total current expen¬ ditures for public elementary and secondary schools. 79.6 82.8 93.1 80.3 77.9 74.7 75.3 Administration . 3.4 3.9 4.6 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 Instruction .... 56.9 59.9 63.8 53.3 51.5 50.1 50.2 Plant operation Plant mainte¬ 9.3 8.3 9.3 7.3 6.9 6.8 6.9 nance . 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.9 Fixed charges . . Other school 2.2 2.1 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 services 1 . . . . 4.4 5.5 7.3 7.7 7.8 6.3 7.1 Current expendi¬ tures for summer schools . (2) (9 (9 (2 ) (9 (9 (9 Current expendi¬ tures for adult education * . .4 .6 .4 .6 .4 .5 .3 Current expendi¬ tures for com¬ munity colleges. . . (2) (9 (9 (9 (9 .3 .3 Current expendi¬ tures for com¬ munity services. . . (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 .3 .3 Capital outlay . 16.0 11.0 3.8 17.4 20.1 22.6 21.8 Interest . 4.0 5.6 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 While expenditures for the six major accounts into which cur¬ rent expenditures for elementary and secondary schools are classi¬ fied have shown increases in dollar amounts, the relative proportion of each account has been changing in recent years. The proportion of expenditures for administration at the State, intermediate, and local levels has declined from 4.6 percent of total expenditures in 1945-46 to 3.4 percent in 1955-56 (table G). Expenditures for instruction declined proportionately from 63.8 percent in 1945-46 to 50.2 percent in 1955-56. The instruction account includes not only salaries, which represent the largest single item of educa¬ tional cost, but also free textbooks, teaching supplies, school library books, and other instructional supplies and expenses. The relative expenditure for plant operation, which includes salaries of janitors, fuel, water, power, supplies, etc., has declined to a level of a little less than 7 percent in 1955-56. The proportion of current expendi¬ tures for plant maintenance and repairs has shown little change over the years. In 1955-56, it constituted 2.9 percent of the total. The decline in the relative importance of the accounts discussed above has been offset by the growth of spending for other school services . The other school services account includes such items as health services, school lunches, and pupil transportation. These services have been becoming more important as a result of expand¬ ing concepts of the role of the school. Other school services ac¬ counted for 7.1 percent of total expenditures in 1955-56. The proportion of expenditures for fixed charges (State, inter¬ mediate, and local payments to teacher retirement funds, insurance premiums, and rent) has more than doubled since 1929-30, with most of the increase taking place up to the mid-1940,s. In 1955-56, fixed charges represented 4.9 percent of total expenditures. Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff Beginning with the year 1919-20, the Office of Education has collected data on salaries of total instructional staff (supervisors, principals, teachers, librarians, and guidance and psychological personnel). Salary information for prior years is available for 1 Prior to 1953-64, items included under “other school services” were listed under "auxiliary services,” a more comprehensive classification which also included community services. 2 Prior to 1953-54, data shown for adult education represent combined expenditures for adult education, summer schools, and community colleges. 3 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. Note. — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 teachers only. Average annual salaries of instructional staff mem¬ bers have been obtained by dividing total expenditures for salaries by the number of such personnel. With the exception of several depression years in the middle 1930’s, average salaries of the instructional staff have increased steadily. When expressed in terms of 1955-56 dollars, however, the increases are not quite as large as they appear (table 31) . For example, the average annual salary for the continental United States in unadjusted (current) dollars rose from $1,441 in 1939-40 to $4,156 in 1955-56, an increase of 188 percent. When expressed in terms of 1955-56 dollars, the increase between 1939-40 and 1955-56 was only 50 percent. During the same 16-year period, the personal income per member of the labor force3 (in 1955-56 dol¬ lars) increased 76 percent. A State-by-State analysis of instruc¬ tional staff salaries in 1955-56 reveals that in 2 States the average salary was less than $2,500, in 14 States between $2,500 and $3,500, in 23 States between $3,500 and $4,500, and in 9 States over $4,500. Annual Current Expenditure Per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance Although overall figures on current expenditures indicate gen¬ eral trends, it is only when such expenditures are related to the school population that these costs are brought into sharp relief on a State-by-State basis. The annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools (derived by dividing total current ex¬ penditures in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools by the number of pupils in average daily attendance) increased from $88.09 in 1939-40 to $294.22 in 1955-56 (table 41). The 1939-40 range in per-pupil expenditures, by State, was from $30.72 to $156.86 (or more than five times as great in the highest as in the lowest State) . Sixteen years later the gap between the lowest and highest States, although still wide, had narrowed considerably. The highest State, with an average annual expenditure of $425.61, was nearly three times as great as the lowest State, which had an expenditure of $157.47. State averages, however, give little indi¬ cation of the range of expenditures among school districts within States. (This range is shown in the 4 sections of chapter 3 — Local School Systems — of the Biennial Survey.) Perhaps the principal 3 For definition of personal income and labor force, see pages 117-118. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 value of per-pupil expenditure comparisons is to call attention to differences in order to invite further study. Expenditures for Pupil Transportation The transportation of pupils by public-school systems has be¬ come increasingly important with the consolidation and reorgan¬ ization of small, widely scattered school districts. In 1955-56, 9.7 million public-school pupils were transported at public expense, or slightly over a third of the pupils in average daily attendance (table 22) . On a State-by-State basis, the proportion of the number of pupils in average daily attendance who were transported ranged from 8 percent in Nebraska to 56 percent in Louisiana. Expendi¬ tures for this purpose, which include operation and maintenance but not the purchase of new school buses, amounted to $354 million, or 4.3 percent of total current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools. In six States, this item accounted for 8 or more percent of total current expenditures. The average cost per public school pupil transported was $36.51 in 1955-56 ; the range in State costs was from $16 to $114. Further increases in the number of pupils transported are inevitable as small schools, which still exist in large numbers, are replaced by centrally located schools and as transportation service is extended. Capital Outlay Capital outlay (expenditures for sites, buildings, and new equip¬ ment) generally fluctuates much more widely than current expendi¬ tures. Following World War I there was a period of accelerated school construction activity which culminated in 1925-26 when expenditures for this purpose amounted to $411 million, or about one-fifth of total expenditures. Thereafter, capital outlay expendi¬ tures declined until they reached a low of $59 million (2.9 percent of total expenditures) in the depression year of 1933-34. An up¬ turn in the second half of the decade was cut short by the outbreak of World War II ; capital outlay fell to a new low of $54 million in 1943-44 (2.2 percent of total expenditures) . Since the end of the war, capital outlay expenditures have shown a steady increase, reaching a peak of almost $2.4 billion in 1955-56 (table 35). Ex¬ penditures for capital outlay accounted for almost 22 percent of 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 total expenditures. When related to the number of pupils in average daily attendance, the annual expenditure per pupil was $86.06 (table 40). For individual States the per-pupil expenditure varied from $8.88 to $198.40. In addition to the capital outlay expendi¬ tures by school districts referred to above, $211 million were spent by State and local school building authorities. A State-by-State comparison for any one year is not truly indicative of relative effort to provide school-plant facilities inasmuch as a capital out¬ lay program in any State may extend over several consecutive years. The upward trend in expenditures for school construction is ex¬ pected to continue for a number of years in view of the need to provide for increased enrollments and for the replacement of un¬ safe and obsolete structures. Interest Interest payments, covering both long- and short-term public- school debt, declined from a total of $140 million in 1931-32 to $76 million in 1947-48. The drop in interest payments reflected the low interest rates prevailing during that period, the low level of borrowing for capital expenditures, and the small amount of out¬ standing debt. Since 1947-48, interest payments have almost tripled, reaching a level of $216 million in 1955-56 (table 37) . The average annual interest payment per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance was $7.78 (table 40). In view of the current and anticipated increase in school construction and in long-term financing, this item of expenditure is expected to constitute an increasing pro¬ portion of school expenditures for the next several years. School Property and Other Assets In 1955-56, the total investment in school property (sites, build¬ ing, and equipment) was estimated at $23.9 billion, or $861 per pupil in average daily attendance (table 39). Only 40 States and the District of Columbia were able to report any information on the value of school property and because the valuation was not always made on the same basis, care should be exercised in making State-by-State comparisons. The value of principal and accrued interest of permanent school funds amounted to $1.3 billion (table STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 38) . The interest on these funds must be used for school purposes. States reported a total of 47 million acres of unsold school lands, some of which were leased to provide income for school purposes. School Indebtedness School bonded and nonbonded indebtedness has, in general, fluc¬ tuated with the amount of school construction activity over the years. Thus, reflecting a decline in capital outlay during the 1930's and the period of World War II, school indebtedness outstanding at the end of the year dropped from $3.1 billion in 1931-32 to $2.1 billion in 1945-46. With the upswing in school construction during the postwar period, school indebtedness rose to $2.6 billion in 1947-48 and to $3.3 billion in 1949-50. In the 4-year period which followed, indebtedness almost tripled, reaching an estimated total of $9.2 billion in 1955-56 (table 38). The total amount of indebtedness for the continental United States includes an estimate for the few States which were unable to report such data. In some States all debt is handled by cities or towns, rather than by separate school districts. This increases the difficulties in obtaining accurate and comparable data. Enrollment and Instructional Staff in Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools The growing importance of the nonpublic school in the total edu¬ cational picture is indicated by the fact that the proportion of all pupils attending nonpublic elementary and secondary schools has increased from 8 percent at the beginning of the present century to 13 percent in 1955-56. Nonpublic schools, while subject to certain regulatory controls of the State, are under the operational control of private individuals or church-affiliated or nonsectarian institu¬ tions. Whether operated on a profit or nonprofit basis, nonpublic schools are generally supported by private funds as distinguished from public funds. Enrollment in Catholic schools generally accounts for about 90 percent of the total enrollment in nonpublic elementary and sec¬ ondary schools. Table 43 gives the number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollments under Catholic auspices in 1955-56, as re- 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 ported by the National Catholic Welfare Conference. Table 42 gives the estimated number of instructional staff and pupils in all nonpublic (denominational and nonsectarian) schools. The esti¬ mates in table 42 are based on : (a) data furnished by State depart¬ ments of education (which were often incomplete in several re¬ spects), and (b) the data for Catholic schools given in table 43. Table H gives historical data on instructional staff and enrollments in nonpublic schools by grade group, from 1931-32 to 1955-56. Table 44 presents both public school and nonpublic school enroll¬ ments and the percentage of enrollments in all schools represented by each category. It will be noted that the extent to which children attend nonpublic schools varies from State to State. In 1955-56, the proportion of pupils in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools ranged from 27.5 percent in Rhode Island to 1.3 percent in North Carolina. Regionally, the proportion of pupils in nonpublic schools ranged from 21.8 percent in the Northeast region to 5.7 percent in the South. Table H. — Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools (denominational and non - sectarian): Estimated number of instructional staff and enrollment, by level: Continental United States, 1931-32 to 1955-56 Year Instructional staff Pupils enrolled Total Elementary Secondary Total Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1931-32 . 91,323 66,270 25,053 2,723,666 2,320,251 403,415 1933-34 . 72,192 51,475 20,717 2,691,033 2,330,941 360,092 1935-36 . 91,493 66,254 25,239 2,638,775 2,251,466 387,309 1937-38 . 95,103 67,139 27,964 2,687,483 2,240,650 446,833 1939-40 . 94,977 61,800 30,130 2,611,047 2,153,279 457,768 1941-42 . 97,191 65,512 31,679 2,616,529 2,133,334 483,195 1943-44 . 0) 0) (') 2,499,920 2,078,959 420,961 1945-46 . 100,865 64,495 36,370 2,824,500 2,259,392 565,108 1947-48 . 108,998 67,430 41,568 3,053,914 2,451,430 602,484 1949-50 . 118,271 76,087 42,184 3,380,139 2,707,777 672,362 1951-52 . 124,055 82,354 41,701 3,809,364 3,153,548 655,816 1953-54 . 134,074 84,951 49,123 4,339,163 3,591,840 747,323 1955-56 . 144,350 93,620 50,730 4,709,360 3,886,360 823,000 i Data not available. Table 1. — Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 1955-56 N 164,303 37,262 22.7 31 ,163 24,290 6,873 19.0 83.6 22.1 1,252 27,740 4,938,161 89.0 178.0 158.5 1,213 13 51 1,149 « 299 « 850 5 26.0 1953-54 a 158,313 34,540 21.8 SO s CO 22,546 6,290 18.2 83.5 21.8 1,129 25,644 4,581,240 88.9 178.6 158.9 1,098 10 46 1,042 coco co mao NN ■<* « » 1949-50 o 148,665 30,204 20.3 25,111 19,387 5,725 16.9 83.1 22.7 1,063 22,284 3,964,354 88.7 177.9 157.9 962 9 39 914 195 719 21.3 1939-40 OS 130,880 30,150 23.0 25 ,434 18,833 6,601 19.4 84.4 26.0 1,143 22,042 3,858,012 86.7 175.0 151.7 912 5 32 875 195 681 22.2 1929-30 CO 121,770 31,417 25.8 25,678 21,279 4,399 21.1 81.7 17.1 * 592 21,265 3,672,765 82.8 172.7 143.0 1 s 09 7 31 843 140 703 16.6 o 05 h 104,512 27,556 26.4 21 ,578 19,378 2,200 20.6 78.3 10.2 * 231 16,150 2,615,161 74.8 161.9 121.2 678 rl 1C CO 93 565 14.1 o T § o> SO 90,492 24,009 26.5 1 s 16,899 *915 19.7 74.2 5.1 * 111 12,827 2,011,477 72.1 157.5 113.0 ! i 523 110 413 21.1 1899-1900 LO 75,995 21,573 28.4 15,503 14,984 *519 20.4 71.9 3.3 * 62 10,633 1,534,823 68.6 144.3 99.0 I 423 127 296 29.9 o 05 05 00 00 62,948 18,543 29.5 12 ,723 12,520 * 203 20.2 68.6 1.6 * 22 8,154 1,098,233 64.1 134.7 86.3 l 364 126 238 34.5 1879-80 CO 50,156 15,066 30.0 9,867 9,757 * 110 19.7 65.5 1.1 6,144 800,720 62.3 130.3 81.1 i 287 123 164 42.8 1869-70 M 39,818 12,055 30.3 6,872 6,792 * * 80 17.3 57.0 1.2 4,077 539,053 59.3 132.2 78.4 : 201 78 123 38.7 Item pH A. Population, Pupils, and Instructional Staff Total population 1 (thousands) . Population aged 5-17 years, inclusive 1 (thousands) . Percent of total population aged 5-17 . Total enrollment in elementary and secondary day schools (thousands) . Nursery, kindergarten, and grades 1-8 (thousands) . Grades 9-12 and postgraduates (thousands) . Percent of total population enrolled 4 . Percent of population 5-17 years enrolled 4 . Percent of total enrollment in high schools (grades 9-12 and postgraduates) . High-school graduates (thousands) . Average daily attendance (thousands) . Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled (thousands) . Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily . Average length of school term (in days) . Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled . Total instructional staff (thousands) . » _ ) Cf Is ! s ,x j ■ ?J >P- Teachers, librarians, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff (thousands)5 . Men (thousands) . Women (thousands) . Percent men . Table 1. — Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 — Continued 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 1955-56 CM 1953-54 a 1949-50 © 1939-40 © 1929-30 os 1919-20 b- 1909-10 © 1899-1900 io 1889-90 Hf O 00 ck © eo 1869-70 CM 00 00 00© b- »-( CM 00 CO CM O 00 CO CO HO o CO COOO b- *0) CO © * - CO CM OCO CM O-H CM 00 b- 00 O0t}< hH 00*0 • • • CO CO *0 *C 00 *C • • “ t—H b* © *nco 05 b»*0 oo b, 03T}< CM 00 05 CO CM O 00 00 CM 00 CM CO CM CM ^O CM CO • - ©00 00M* HNlOO *0 00 — i© CMCOCMhH eooomT* CM t> 00 © ©i-iOO-'C* O © CO CM 05*010 05 NOrt N^O* 00 *— * © c ©Ol-H CM 00 CO lO *OtHCO CM *0 00*0 00 CO © CM © ■3 o g •C-5 * ®. 5 c8 T3 fc. += ” §"3 •PJ 8 8 S’-o a ^-o s a ® o 03 o g eg ® ” ® 8-3 ; J§ ! 0 0 T3 fl j ; i -5^ a° .8.3 ^ o3 gT3 >» £>*S 31 § §11 C ® a ® g a « a o o*Soah ©-s 0> M o g . XI ® o — ©**" o ^ <3 Pi H STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 f^Cl COC5 CO Cl O^t O • • Cl -if 00 - 0105 oo oi t-- 05 if Cl o 00 o so >o to • • LO 00 IO - oo oeo 3<1 a a . ** OQ Li oH ® -*«! a *o a o u 3 a 5 ft>5 - o i ®? 8 1=3 .s x gc ® a, c3-L> Xt § g-<5 ® 3 O" a 3 «! £ P 8, ◄ 3 ■S& C3T3 li Is 00 — 00 01 CO — — Cl NMO LO 0 00 Cl S- CO OO lO lOCOiJi 00 01 -00 • -00 • - - -if O — CO if IO — CO LO¬ CI CO — if oo -t> ■ - - If -tl. COCO if — CO cieo co 05 05 ifooco 50 o t-- — if Cl if ifCOOS — iO r-» co — • • s. • - - if -05 CO- —00 Cl Cl CO — CO OCO CO — Cl olio oo ci cot^05 cico oo if — coeot^ Clio •© • ■ o • - - 05 -CO © - Cl Cl Cl — CO b- CO ® J a 50 § a.SlI o a A c3 o3 o -.2 21 C Co ®r3 3 o ®Q— £• o 3— L» :a£ ^H-i' L, O .3 33 © — a a ® 1-51.1 Ills' ® 35 x a *■ ® a £ J t» "* © o s < PhEh 3 . -j ap S> 5» a l. os <3 0-0 w a (- ®.° das© Isi5 a-c.H Ulla 3 fl ® J O ® — **! «< P S3 1 05 <3 C3 , — a+j - x o >.£ ® c ‘5: O c « g Pi V n ^ Pi O.S 73 5 o « — ® 'O bo C <3 ® L a ® X > T ** — X £• c ^ 0> o> rt u ' V - J!£ bc-n-o Sr ja gs£ III 5J3 O — o » ®^S i3 g ; cs oo “ , — — T3 m C ^ fii ■g|| ■ ^ 0> C ° bfi 5 8 X <3 § — ® 'o a S-® 05 a ^ 3. 3 ® L ^£a® 0} fl m«H o © 1 cti ^3 c ipfeH ^ ci co r o rC 5 ZS - - j= £ ■ ® s ® 3.2 ® 5 ^ Li <0 o g o S3 cD Ji£ 2 7 Because of a modification of the scope of "current expenditures for day 14 The expenditure figure used here is the sum of current expenditures schools,” data for 1953-54 and 1955-56 are not entirely comparable with data allocable to pupil costs, capital outlay, and interest. for prior years. 15 Per day rates derived by dividing annual rates by average length of term. Note. — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Table 2. — Board members and staff of State boards of education and staff of State departments of education, by State: 1955-56 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 >o • • ■ 10 IC5 05005ior^tOTto IM »-H H ^ SfS'g 3 •c'd’o =3^2 © © £-£©>» .3 3 £*3 *3 3 o 1 Includes members of separate State boards for vocational education, even 4 Includes 22 part-time assistants not converted to full-time equivalence, if composition of such boards is identical with State boards of education. 5 Includes two supervisors on veterans’ programs. 2 Professional staff members of the State board for vocational education in- 6 Includes one clerk on veterans’ programs, eluded with staff of State department of education. 1 Includes vocational rehabilitation personnel. 3 Includes 75 part-time assistants not converted to full-time equivalence. Table 3. — Intermediate administrative units: Number of units, board members, and staff, by State: 1955-56 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Personnel of intermediate administrative units jauuoejad paXojdaia jaq'K) CO pH • 05 • i8i^ © «0 ■(N 0©©00000— 1©©00©(^ uotjuanpa jo spjBoq jo sjaqmaj^ in 7,613 •Ot^CO • • o • CD Tf CO • -CO • lO • • CO © © © 2 © o Number of inter¬ mediate admin¬ istrative units s^ran uoiun Xouapuajuijadns jo XjosiAjadng 496 CD CD CD 00 • rf< rHOCDCO -CO o • 05 • Bjiun ajBrparajajut AjunoQ co 1,844 99 IZ (M • © © eo f-H eo oo © -iO©eo(Neo© •v N©©©eo-^^^-ieooo© o i & New York . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Vermont . North Central Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . Michigan . Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska . North Dakota . Ohio . South Dakota . Wisconsin . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 *5 £ c o u o £SE " o ■2 c S'0 ■S c . ^ * o C_H O (8 4) 2 b c o 2 P p .Sol* £ £ « _« o> c 3 ft- ZJ «M a> o 0!J U ® c £ ^2 as o ,2 *2 .® 111 w ■# P. C •«* 2 *? ‘Seo 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Local basic administrative units ( school districts) : Number of units, board members, and staff, by State: 1955-56 Region and State Num¬ ber of local school dis¬ tricts Total board members and staff 1 2 3 Continental United States,. 54,773 1 ,792 ,179 Northeast . 5,508 378,765 Connecticut . 174 21,306 Maine . 498 12,052 Massachusetts . 351 42,382 New Hampshire . 229 6,098 New Jersey . 566 56,718 New York . 1,981 114,895 Pennsylvania . 1,410 114,655 Rhode Island . 39 5,703 Vermont . 260 4,956 North Central. . . 36,950 604 ,779 Illinois . 2,212 100,527 Indiana . 1,086 38,288 Iowa . 3,958 53,572 Kansas . 3,344 30,564 Michigan . 3,491 89,825 Minnesota . 3,633 45,857 Missouri . 3,431 40,771 Nebraska . 5,340 34,478 North Dakota . 2,032 13,958 Ohio . 1,254 88,828 South Dakota . 3,295 18,776 Wisconsin . 3,874 49,335 South . 6,184 576,634 Alabama . 112 29,031 Arkansas . 423 25,912 Delaware . 17 4,511 Florida . 67 40,655 Georgia . 200 44,192 Kentucky . 224 28,782 Louisiana . 67 33,196 Maryland . 24 23,270 Mississippi . 827 26,861 North Carolina . 174 44,780 Oklahoma . 1,716 36,889 South Carolina . 107 19,970 Tennessee . 152 32,503 Texas . 1,889 117,823 Virginia . 129 38,271 West Virginia . 55 24,424 District of Columbia . 1 5,564 Board members of 223 ,047 30,149 1,612 1,560 *1,687 823 4,320 6,174 5 12,868 205 900 138,562 12,118 815 16,874 10,347 17.400 12,677 12,780 17,407 6,579 6,280 9,885 15.400 30,571 568 2,200 423 335 1,035 1,122 693 120 4,135 967 6,057 *590 1,000 10,382 660 275 3,546 3,546 3,546 Administra¬ tive personnel 13,266 1,559 99 1 9 * 233 10 264 708 189 38 9 5,479 729 175 8i (6) 657 470 594 220 16 216 650 944 4,054 112 423 42 67 200 224 67 24 431 174 669 198 152 1,100 115 55 1 3 a °i <3*5 3,411 381 27 5 44 5 255 35 1,278 823 169 42 58 16 9 101 55 5 1,006 23 3 6 255 61 33 21 186 114 72 154 35 Instruc¬ tional staff (from table 9) 1,213,459 278,786 15,957 7,292 32,136 3,723 * 37,060 103,520 71,281 4,811 3,006 360 ,873 392 ,836 25,448 14,144 2,852 27,546 29,996 21,442 21,850 18,104 16,799 35,312 19,843 19,182 26,081 65,672 27,898 16,720 3,947 Noninstruc- tional staff (from tables 11 and 12) Full¬ time 284,681 47 ,865 3,403 815 7,521 939 10,678 3,583 20,139 455 332 88,512 23,177 5,193 8,676 16,573 5,693 3,393 126,273 2.496 7,956 992 10,980 12,900 5,222 9,313 4,249 5.496 4,752 10,179 5,000 32,024 8,332 4,917 1,465 Part- time 10 50 ,769 20 ,025 208 2,371 761 598 4,141 910 10,143 185 708 10,075 3,753 31 2,087 4,204 18,348 384 1,186 196 1,472 739 1,252 587 127 270 8,531 1,194 2,303 107 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 Table 4. — Local basic administrative units (school districts) : Number of units , board members, and staff, by State: 1955-56 — Continued Region and State Num- of local school dis¬ tricts Total board members and staff Board members of Administra¬ tive personnel Instruc¬ tional staff (from table 9) Noninstruc- tional staff (from tables 11 and 12) Local boards of education Subboards Superintendents Assistants to superintendants Full¬ time Part- time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 West . 6,131 232 ,001 23,765 2,174 746 180,964 22 ,031 2,321 Arizona . 298 13,040 1,075 152 60 8,467 3,286 California . 1,880 103,215 7,254 828 512 91,754 2,867 Colorado . 972 16,553 3,314 245 30 12,964 Tdahn . 174 8,396 742 105 5,484 2,065 Montana . 1,180 12,679 3,803 206 5 6,589 1,321 755 N evada . 17 2,952 103 21 7 2,114 487 220 New Mexico . 96 10,966 480 96 17 7,399 2,974 Oregon . 716 24,406 3,710 * 120 14,630 5,946 Utah . 40 10,794 207 37 56 7,125 2,023 1.346 Washington . 502 23 , 530 2,090 266 59 21,115 Wyoming . 256 5,470 987 98 3,323 i ,062 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . 28 1,844 140 28 3 1,230 288 155 American Samoa .... 1 298 6 3 4 279 6 Canal Zone . 1 567 1 4 372 190 Guam . 1 490 1 8 416 65 Hawaii . 1 4,483 7 1 13 4,359 103 Puerto Rico . 1 20,484 5 6 536 11,960 1,308 6,599 Virgin Islands . 1 364 14 1 12 204 107 26 1 Represents cities having independent school systems headed by superintendents. Other school systems are served by superintendents of intermediate administrative units (supervisory unions) ; see table 3. 2 Includes 47 members of regional school districts. 3 Includes two superintendents of regional school districts. 4 In addition, there were 1,083 part-time elementary and secondary bedside teachers. 5 In addition, approximately 3,500 of these members are also members of “joint” and county boards. 6 Superintendents are reported with instructional personnel; separate data not available. 7 Includes 273 administrators. 8 Source: National Education Association, Advance Estimates of Public Elementary and Sec¬ ondary Schools for the School Year 1956-57, issued November 1956. Table 5. — Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), and number of one-teacher schools, by State: 1931-32 to 1955-56 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Number of 1-teacher schools 1955-56 13 34,964 1,753 HtOtOOlOOMNO . © © co co co os oo -xf © t- © t^—i©©©00©t^x)< (Nt-to | CO pH Csi(N (N CO CT> xf 30,815 © © © 00 (N xf 00 1-1 O © i-H (N © 00 b- CO 00 © —I © O "f iNci’eo'eorti'iN eo"eo* 16,942 Xf IN©© -HOOxf 00® IN 1943-44 © 96 ,302 9 ,204 152 1,024 1 176 237 109 2,651 4,070 33 752 54,418 HfflMOHOlOHHOOl© © co © oo © © oo © "f xf © © CO®©INNTjlNrHH©©0 oo* txT©eo*©*©*©*eo* co © 26,734 1,409 2,182 68 551 1931-32 09 143,391 N 09 to ^OOOMrtOHiOO ©0>OON©HNrt xf © xf »o o« eo © o i-H* t><0 r* 74 ,153 1 -i©©eo — ioo©©"f rf h© 1 if co t- oo Tf oo © co © b- co o o oo in © i-i oo * 00* t- IN — l (N* © 1 21 ,989 110 2,451 17 67 1931-32 IN 127,422 14,191 — ioo©xf.©Tfi~i'3OCONNNM(N®M _ COCO CO —1 CO 51 4 I-H 00000»0^05icc0^0 oooooocooo(Ncoo^a>t^io lO 00 »-H OrHNCOOHlON .©00 — ■'ft^OO© co— i©— ir-eo — ©t»©©co — ' CO — — — (N 3,555 ■^OOrT — ©© — — -©©^©COINCO©©© — — ^©M^OON — COO©00 oTco* ei nhnin’hn 5,946 M00iJi®(MMMNOON NO>OONN®i''JtNO — — — -3< © — Tt*00rHCa»-H'^O*O (N00 05HH t> lO o— i NN ®hohhOh — ©©^<© — COOCOC^ICO — — © © CO ci— — 27 — — — — t~Tt*©©O0t}o 0 03 — ©os S, O * 3 o’® NiOMHNNOM cLos.-S OO) n o©_ §• ©© d>©-2 °© 3, ©0000©00-c © ft > o > ft — Cr-CrH(N© & M 5 i ,g.-i «-h©00©©00 00CO Oc-CTfc©©00-^00 CM CM CM hhhh TfC ■<* -CO CM -CO © ® ©3; i 3 © ft > O © © © CO 00 > co oo © oo -ieo© — -4»c CO -c CO «NNOt)-ir-l©O44 o3.2 3 I B 3.3.2 ® « ns 343 S3 • • • « . j • a a ! _• °'C4h^«hO © CO tC 00 ©.2 111 d '3 ogo 3 3 ‘E ‘E 03 03 55 e* co M • O * * * • I 3 : a ; : ; ” 2 : :.§ § l-U ii nn iiii 5 S *3«5UOWPh> BJ O w a O Pi 3 o o . to x CO 03 05 ■ CD VO 00 VO CD .^Hi>'ctJCDt^O3Vp O3COOlV0O3'-lV0eOt'- oicsit''-Tj»t-i— it"»oovoi— < ■'*^*T)i< DIOC0C0CDOO0300OC0i— t iDCOCOCOVO»D-4OM3®0(DNNNO IOOH CO CO oT i-T 2,255 eoooo5^0'Hcoeq>co5i-i lococcooeqt^t^cocqcoeo 0 eo cq 00 y> n 51 4 — cq^t^ — cq 00 • 10 t)< : rr ro oocoiot^cocqooosooososooio c^^H^icqeooocoioooo^osoicq HNCOffl^NMHINnOOHOrt hhmh cq eq cq <-1 co •& 3t^r}-L0 05 — oooocq^< Tjt^HOO^C^cOOCO^HCO 13 © © © 13 cq©ccq — — 00 157 1,691 2,866 4,421 2,033 1,009 3,055 3,078 3,281 1,703 3,541 5,845 2,664 3,470 163 13,562 O5t)<00t}- cqr^oo>ocoro©^HCocoi^ iooo^©cqcqt»eoionoco _T rS r* (M CO CS| 00 »-* 00 »OiO (N (N CC 1C (N i-H T. - — 2 O’® §£8 ^ S c o 8 « .*tj* ■W (O *? O CD 2 £ «-2 o S £ c g o !£ o ° 3"S <» tf cs fc S> C r- 42 «H tjH M |§ wo °‘-s p >-3 42 O a sj .2 8o J2 a ^8 e & S-o c o sfl m o — o ° o he a> O o 042 33 h£ O OtlB «=«W . O O >? « .2 3 s ° Sw 0.-2 -3 •g* q£ O o y o W « «H +2 °S « 2 > o 8° CO o 3 3 C — • e? m 3 c3 2 $ e 0-3 <0 « 342 >> 2 k © ho S'® >, • •J © « g m * ft © g gS s § c 8 -5* gi .2 C O 42 a, S .2 g > 0 42 O > bo “ g es u m o fflo£oS5 S-ojjg-'c •o g g ° 3 ^ s g,S*s &1 02 3 o — 3 O o g 3 ° ° •o § £ J ©x .« iS 2 a « 2 _ ®> »- "o O m o Oo » o a x o £ X«„ 2 “ 3 O n 3 o g o OB ° O .5 bo h 3 O * 3 -3 +J O W >- CQ < & V M H 2 .J 3 IO tB O1? 3 03 _L o ■ox 3 ho «x «w 3 3 3 "S 3 "3 QQQ o 3 u .2 « X g 2 . o 3 m >£ § 15 M hH Table 9. — Instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position and level of instruction, by State: 1955-56 - — — - ►+-** Classroom teachers and other nonsupervisory instructional personnel BIENNIAL S (papodaj Ap^aiadas uaqM) ptruos -J9d iBOiSopqoAej UR VO VEY to © N OF ] 3 to EDUCATION, ^ ciroMO IN r-T <-i IN©© 224 ,566 000©0©MHh©N© Tf 00 © O © © © 00 © b- N. ©OOOSMOOhOOOCN | ©01'-©0©00©©TJ<'©©| ©NHH©HH © 1-H rno j, S 1,133,093 259,655 t»M©©©>-i©©Ti< -hW©0©©©-h^h WO©©©WCatfC- T»r t-‘ oT CO ©" to © -tjl* IN i-h IN ©©©„ 339 ,343 ©ohhm©o©o©©oo ^ ^ © -1 © b- © O © b- b- IN ©©©©©© ^ © ©O (^ © ©©©ob©©©Tj< OOt^b- <-1 TP © •© l • »©©caow«TjiTjiTji ^N— iCtOO©©©GO caca©©©^*©»— i n. Apio XjB^uatnaia; © : to to O ©00 • t- © M ©m--i©©Tt<j<'. CO — < t>05 05 CD t> 05 OOOiOrj* ifliONO 05 CO H tOCOOSt^iOCDOO-tfeDOCSt^eO'-HOC HTfNOHO'J'ONiOHHNMM oo io — ( N. os 05 os co eo »o »o — i »o os < NCO^DO OOCOOiO rj< IN laoioosTjtaoi-itNeoooi-iocoootNC CO 00 oco -H> OONOOTf® WHOK3O00 NHCO CTKN^OOOCOOOCDiDOO 1005— i^'eOO505CDTj0»0— ie00500 OOTfOOS-HOOiOiO NOOoron'N^ooo U5 40 (>. CO TjT — I T* 05 CO* 05 Cl cooocoeoo-ieot^-H050o i005»0-<05t^-^»0i0©© 00— (05— (— *050-.— <05— (— ( i coco coos eo b- CO rf b- o >0 rj< CO lO CO — ( 00 -( 00®0- ION CO 05 Tf t- 05 CO 00 — ( 05 CO CO 05 CO — i 50 —I CO CO O CO 00 05 — I -CO -00 N®tJ(N— (>0 05 CO ^ ( 05 05 CO 05rj< CO 05 CO 50 II 6£h3- &S. fe o d! m ® H 9 jSi ICO T3 J| il!| 3.3 fU> OW( p§ | 44 ® a bg o 1.2 g S-2 ’3 « > * 'o . ,c 2 S £ « 3 cl 2'g'S c " aj-o c o+>a s g 853818 -2-Sllia •? J ja g § *3 {»-g|S| o O § g g > O’o 0) ta 01 o u 5? S aS'9;o . »0»u3 2 P.^jo.2 * Sjf-S.g'S ® Su— ?o £ g x « ^ fl c° ’g t- 00 05 rH 60 ! £i- 2 g ® -S' xt T 5? c ® fe.S*C c S’S & .2®.2‘E:g 8 8 ■siln: &*i SI i-l gC5 05 T}( l Table 10. — Classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools, by sex and level of instruction, by State: 1955-56 [Classroom teachers may include other nonsupervisory instructional personnel when such personnel have not been separately reported. See table 9.] 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954^56 Secondary teachers Women (N 208,173 © © ©o5©o Hp©©©©HPCO©ip IN LO © ©ini>00 00* + 05* .CVl ©©©©t^lNl-H©©r-l©in ©05 t~©t~©^H©00.-HO5 o5©©o*^i-H©oO'^ooin + (I5HHHNHH in 1-H Kindergarten and nursery (where separately reported) 00 13 ,707 2,540 co • •IN'* • -05© ■*j< • -t-os • -men CO • CO • • 4,716 •CO *00 • Oi 00 • • •O -CO • 00 O O 05 t>00O5HH rH Men VO 92 ,140 17,310 1,551 584 2,148 249 3,006 2 5,904 * 3,511 247 110 31 ,379 05©©©t^©rH05Tf<©©© ©o5oinin©H05ooo©r}i 1-H IN HH |> 05 Tf Tjl Hjl TH tP ©*ip"rH* 1-H© in ” rjT IN M to Total elementary (cols. 6+7) © 722 ,890 152 ,628 0-HTt<(N05©00©in ©©©cooooomiNoo 00 © IN © rH © © 00 ©* in t- IN* 05* 05* © (N* 1-H --I .©*05©©©Hp.O0©©r>tH|N ©05©©©©--H©©or-© © © © 00*© 05 © IN © ©t^ ©’ ©CqOOCq©©COOO©->*iOO©.i©®©Cq ©Tt©r~co©cq©©cqcqcq©©oocon COCO ©©CO^t'*tCq©^'i.© ©co©©©©ooTt'>t't©cq©eocqeo© CO .T*O0COCM T#< CM 131 ,291 ©©eocq©©©r-®©-H©''t©eo©n TtCOO—t©©— i©t>.©©©©©©COOO ©t-cqTtTtitoOTt©oo-Ht^© O »0 h o 05 CO N MO 00 N CO CO O 05 1C H vH i-f cm 57,108 ©eq^tooo©oo©©©© © © r-l Tf © © cq © Tf © © ©-*©©l^^t©©©00 CM CO CM i— CM © — r-i cq © t- oo ©— >co©cq©© H — rji © HCO 213 ,685 ©ooo©Tt<^tcq®ii 755 53 172 248 2,011 6,675 92 1,628 • • O 00 00 CD 05 00 • • r-f . • -CD • *WCOfOHOW • • CM • • JO • -CD 4,823 •*^.ie000cqeq00©cq© Includes 273 administrators. time teachers. 6 Includes two male kindergarten teachers. 2 Distribution by level, by sex, estimated. 7 Total instructional staff. 3 Distribution by sex estimated. 8 Excludes home and hospital teachers. 4 Including visiting teachers. Table 11. — Personnel engaged in health, food services, and recreational activities in local basic administrative units, by State: 1955-56 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 o'® ••3 2 si F»h'-£ .2-3 P a a S g -o fe g a 4. ® 5.9 Ph ■** •*toeo eot-t^ COOOt^O— ' 1-1 05 T* t* tJ< ONt^N OOOTfM 0(N^»0 6* o °3 9 • — - o s-a g .®J3 E lls A >« o ^ 2 >> PH ~ * ^ a fe‘43 (OOQOOM 00 O Tt< lO 04 ^H-HCO t~- . ® g, >, •’3 2 •J3 -A § " o±2-9 ® © M ® § g.aits&ss 2^g 15*33 03 .2 P g A O *§£ : -SSl. 2 I S '’r S a a 2 Is &5’S h-l iippi rolim STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 ©IN N 1 — 1 NO O'ON OMO © CO o CO IN ^ - loeot-oc NOhNN 16 J2 si i g-a«| ® ©.£: ®.3 O § | s S a & <© ic © ^ eo © M-iOOON © eo ©© NN^-hOO .3 e3 g flpo ©CO IN T}l S3 0 3 do © o In. Hljli Hi is ■5o2S2z6o& o "9 w fl II !s1||l|;! I ^ a^ •S * >>■3 JS © ft© *.s ■05 <73 3 C >3 © C 3 © © QQ ll il «H O «w <-< o rt m o -H ©t}<©0 © »— I iO cn COTjl^Hr-l o ci-g 8-S 111! Uteis i 3 0 'Wo l!i §>8.1 eoooo — in© © TfOOif Tj< HfflNMJOH ©©©t^00lNlN 00--H(N©(N© ^©l-H 'I ^5 COC* lO o> ia u C.2 5 CS « © i-l 01 © a! _■ +» g +J a «M ^ C lllf ■m io » 2 5 - © 'O 2 c 3 S3 c _ 0) ju ft© g* n .5 *2 T3 03 O • 0) ro 4Jp3t3 ctf ii +J 2 aS'o! & m P< c _ m _ g T3 " » o, M C CO L g.|S| ■C o » B « 3 «•" 73 £ c 2 -%£%£ * gs g •a s.es I ^ s % ill? W^S> H *5 01 CO Table 13. — Total population, school-age population, and enrollment by sex in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State : 1955-56 [In thousands, except col. 4] 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Grades 9 through 12 and postgraduate Girls eo 1 3,457 784 HOO^O^OffiTf hJ<,-iC3i-hO300iNi-h00 oo co i-H oo .-I t» 1,106 U<© Total s 6,873 1,550 t-~©Tt-H 1-H 1-H©Tj< 2,028 ©TfO3©iOi-H00ffii-icj>Hooo co t-. o eo © © oo t}( co rH (N 00 05 CO ii. 3,476 1-H © 00 CO *-H 00 1-H O ^4 1-. 00 © 1-H C- © (N © © © ^ © (N © CO Ol i-H © N Oi © © co 1-H © CO © © rH (N 1-H Tjl 8,693 580 326 Total enrollment 1 Girls t- 15 ,255 3,303 i-H © -Ht^O3©CC|©00©© NVNCq©NCOH l> -H 00 CO 50,710 3,085 1,771 Region and State pH Continental United States. . . Northeast . Connecticut . Maine . Massachusetts . New Hampshire . New Jersey . New York . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Vermont . North Central . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . Michigan . Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska . North Dakota . Ohio . South Dakota . Wisconsin . South . Alabama . Arkansas . 396 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 Dl HHH CO » (NIN-^OOiOiCO-iCOCCOO (NiOCO’-H’-i O5l>'^ O(N »oooot^t^cncoot^‘co500'-<*ooo lOt^^r^eO^OOfOTttiocCCOfO in’-i-^iO'^lCOS(NOOiC oomtooocO'-HOiceoio^DCTitoeoiN t'-Cit^r^cDCO^*OCDOO©OOLOi-H N©HNiO^NWt,aOOiOO) »D''i<0iCDC0 «05Da>05t^^HCOT-i(NCOt^»00>00 COCOIN(NIN(N'>t(N(NeOOOCO'-i HNNOO^TJIHOOMOO 05Cieoio»oiMr^cot^iM’^Q o Tt< cd oo a> co0 hhccoOo. 01 — 0 t> oo^DOM't © o •nso^ ° « © *> >> « .-3 lO u -2 OT 05 CD i ns ^h.d I » - s o ft>,o ]lS2a P » 2 g-O^S * CS 5; D co rf p! ^^QJQO C ®> -l !& ig .-O&H i‘S cw MS ;q<; ”sj|S £ Q) w-1 c u P +* ^ •So g».s _ rC .'l CJ 73 > 3 £ - s 'odS 3 S rig* o n _ _ 43 £ 5 bS © « W v' *S '^fig os bp © w| d'0 g-§5 ® t: > _ w > J. © be *s , c © c ; o^tH stE**© ! 5 us s S3,£,2o S' ^ ■s +3 : 2 3 s « s ^ a s > © >. p a be ca £; o * c« ns a a ■ -i o © © © D he te | o jS f ^ 03 os § "3 73 S “-Si •8 g| ” g ^ L? »s *2 3“S-S ■I TS jrt ® CO ©3 tc a^ 3 S'S-b s * « g 0> ^ C8 tS Cjs O 3 O 2 3 «$ g c^.g © g o-g ■: » o S 5 o f O (J p C D« o C.5^ c O ® 8 &B Ss-S£ .5 © 'o rt >© ^Jgac 'ais.S's si-! 3 43 ■*■> Jj « U 3 a^ © S-S^r2 . „ ja^, 3 c h C © ’S ij 73 85£as J2 c a a, „ 0 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 14. — High school graduates of full-time public secondary day schools, by sex, by State: 1955-56 (With related data on high school equivalency certificates) Region and State High school graduates Persons granted high school equivalency certificates 1 Total Male Female Total Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States . . . Northeast Connecticut . Maine . Massachusetts. . . New Hampshire. . New Jersey . New York . Pennsylvania. . . . Rhode Island. . . . Vermont . North Central Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . Michigan . Minnesota. . . . Missouri . Nebraska . North Dakota Ohio . South Dakota. Wisconsin. . . . South . Alabama . Arkansas . Delaware . Florida . Georgia . Kentucky . Louisiana . Maryland . Mississippi . North Carolina . Oklahoma . South Carolina . Tennessee . Texas . Virginia . West Virginia . District of Columbia, 1 ,252 ,054 606,502 645 ,552 i 44 ,610 284,562 136,760 147 ,802 15,463 15,075 6,761 8,314 6,744 3,178 3,566 *35,139 17,343 17,796 3,856 1,846 2,010 35,416 17,323 18,093 96,677 46,516 50,161 84,493 8 40,472 8 44,021 4,360 2,003 2,357 2,802 1,318 1,484 706 661 638 23 303 279 24 407 250 48 359 10,869 1,585 554 9,327 1,542 516 38 128 105 23 393 ,778 193 ,820 199 ,958 3,140 64,439 39,030 26,749 19,911 55,347 31,206 29,417 13,238 6,307 67,579 6,734 33,821 31,893 19,433 13,347 * 10,194 26,993 15,301 14,571 6,734 * 3,090 32,387 1 3,293 16,584 32,546 19,597 13,402 8 9,717 28,354 15,905 14,846 6,504 * 3,217 35,192 * 3,441 17,237 456 1,858 71 222 118 415 70 1 117 i 386,751 181 ,733 205,018 21 ,219 26,100 4 16.636 2,600 24.637 * 25,298 20,025 21,320 16,765 15,900 38,161 23,457 16,970 26,351 8 64,291 25,953 8 19,253 3,034 12,000 4 8,111 8 1 , 287 11,752 8 11,259 9,271 9,803 8,018 4 7,400 17,347 12,011 8 7,720 12,464 8 31,965 10,953 8 9,057 1,315 14,100 8,525 1,932 1,867 65 8 1,313 12,885 14,039 10,754 11,517 8,747 4 8,500 20,814 11,446 8 9,250 13,887 32,326 15,000 10,196 1,719 3,190 1,821 657 580 77 500 622 1,634 7,285 976 2,256 346 400 100 302 44 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 Table 14. — High school graduates of full-time public secondary day schools, by sex, by State: 1955-56 — Continued (With related data on high school equivalency certificates) Region and State High school graduates Persons granted high school equivalency certificates Total Male Female Total Total Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 West . 186,963 94,189 92,774 4,788 Arizona . 7,119 96,746 12,314 6,883 5,843 1,780 6,244 15,256 9,045 22,599 3,134 3,621 49,006 6,186 3,487 2,980 951 3,174 7,514 4,530 * 11,096 1,644 3,498 47,740 6,128 3,396 2,863 829 3,070 7,742 4,515 1 11,503 1,490 674 California . Colorado . 1,592 543 529 Idaho . 504 479 39 50 Montana . Nevada . New Mexico . 1,234 Oregon . Utah . 121 W ashington Wyoming . 95 94 1 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . 670 48 402 333 5,233 * 15,479 150 353 41 200 135 2,629 * 7,151 74 317 7 202 198 2,604 * 8,328 76 32 25 2 26 20 2 6 5 American Samoa . Canal Zone . Oii^m , t T . Hawaii . 372 583 6 180 192 Puerto R.ico . Virgin Islands . 6 1 Represents total for States reporting this information. 2 Includes graduates of vocational schools. 3 Distribution by sex estimated. 4 Estimated by the Office of Education. 5 Includes pupils receiving commercial diplomas and veterans and adults completing sec¬ ondary schools. Table 15. — Enrollment, by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1955-56 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Grades 9 through 12 and postgraduate -isoj 18 13,071 00 CO CO COOr-KNr}4 • OO -OO H CO -'>?t4»-4CM cMin©-^4in©cot^*^t4©^Ht^ iocohh co©commco©iH COHXH CO i— T CM" Co" CO ^hWt*4" © CM CM in CO CO T-4 t'- CO § © 28,012 17,738 apujg qiuoAaja CO 1,542,646 346 ,417 ocMT^^cor^^r^co OOOOOOCO^IOON CQOONNrJiOONiC t>T oo t-T o" co oo" in co tJ4 ^(NO 461 ,406 CM©©t>.TJ4^Tf4t^.i-HT*4CM© ^t^t^^HCOrJ4cO©TJ4cO©^-4 NCO© ^OONlNCMrHCOinCM m in© co"cm" © oo ©W ^ CO CM © CO CO i-i oo co 496 ,378 33,405 20,917 apnj3 qiuax in 1,848,570 417,122 OJlOO^OOOOOOOO OHCOOOOOOOINN ©" © oo" © oo" in oo" co" ^ CM nf rt4 in H 534 ,782 ©©^^©©t'-CMt-Hi-H©© © © CO l>- © t— 4 ^t4 00 © Tt4 00 ^t4 in ^ oo © hohh©©^oo ©" CO co" CO co" ©" ^J4" ©" !>." 1>T oo" ©" GO in CO CM N ^ Tt4 tH © T*4 617,936 41,820 25,129 epuiS qiniN 2,142,573 483 ,954 ^ooin* N ih co »n ooeomeoTfcOHNH ^Nocorf^co^eo i>T in" co" o" in" oo" r^" ©" ©" O CO 00 Cl OO CO CO C4 rH *-H Hinr}4 2,027,813 ooint^t^©t^©ooi^r^in© t''- © OO © CO OO CM © CM © © © ©©rt4cot^r^t>.i>.iN.cO'Tt4»-H © CO © © ^t4 © f'— i-H © rt4 CM t>« © CM © OO © © © CO © CO © CO CM T-H CMHH CO T-4 2,270,076 153,836 93,098 Kindergarten through grade 8 apuj3 q*q3!3 CM 2,356,737 513 ,921 ©©CMOOCMCMt^I^OO CM rH N CM CM CO t)4 05 ^ OO CO (N 00 CO OO (N I> 05 W 00 N CO OO 05 in (NHin co oo co 646 ,356 CO ^t4 © CM © © t'— © © © Tt4 © N©©«tHCOCOCO^OOCOCM O^co CM © CM CO © ^t4 OO CO © t^." ©" ©" cm" oo" © oo" ©" cm" © ©" ©©COCO©^©HHCMiHTt< © © CO rr co 57,270 33,146 9p-BJ3 q^uoASg - 2,541,719 532 ,792 31,551 14,480 61,742 7,582 68,091 191,770 141,790 9,683 6,103 685,573 113,964 71,097 41,174 33,651 105,362 45,896 61,910 17,635 11,021 129,726 11,171 42,966 952 ,874 71,446 37,019 apejS qntg o 2,470,310 507,015 29,973 14,511 58,577 6,999 64,658 183,379 133,660 9,065 6,193 650,631 CM©©©*-4t-h©i-»t14COt*400 i^©cocM©©cor^oo©-rt4T*4 © CO © CM © © CO t"— OO t— 4 © oooo©cooocooooo©oo»-hi— i ©©^^©^©HHHHTJ4 945,408 60,776 36,523 opnaS Wki o> 2,481,210 508 ,186 (NHcoOtHcomwco cMcoinoomococMin 05 O 00 05 CM rt4 COO © H f N CO CO CO rH C5 CO cm i-H in ©oo co 649,230 cot^©©t^©co©oo©©© ^©^©©^oOf-H^t^-^fco © © © © Tf4 00 © 00 00 CM © rH ©" ^"o" cm" oo" cm" © oo"©"oo ©" cm" 0©'14CO©4f©HHHHT}4 959 ,407 64,513 36,632 apeiS qiJnox CO 2,847,741 613,858 36,261 14,920 71,620 8,156 77,001 227,117 161,085 11,060 6,638 750 ,331 cor^©rt4cM©^H©©^t^cM OOCOCHCO^NrfOS©^© ^t>-00t'>-©©r'-00©r'-',tf4© -r N co" oo" -rt4" ©" ©~ t-h~ o" cm" CO CMN-^COrH-r©CMrHTt4THTj4 1,063,844 69,553 41,132 apuj3 p-qqx 3,290,740 685,672 OCI-^O^CMi-iOiOCM omoooHCMrrcom 00t74©00©'**400CM© ©oooo©t'~©-*-t4CMt^ TTrSN OOTrOOfH CM f-H 891 ,886 co^H©cooo^-ir^co©co©t^ ©©^ODHHTfCOHHCOO © © CM CO CO CM © CO CO ^ 00 oococo©©r*oo©co©co© •^©©^^©NlNr-INTH© 1 ^ © CM 83,044 45,558 apei3 puooag CO 3,242,407 642,237 39,078 17,802 75,642 9,559 82,338 215,005 183,277 11,828 7,708 875 ,304 ©©^ft^.©r^co©t^©CM© OOl^-©©CO©©^H©©^t>- © CO CM t -» © © © 00 © CM © © CM CM CO ©" ©" © ^t4 CO ©" co" co" •^©©rfCO©NCM»HCOtH© 1 s © o> CO CM 90,773 82,181 51,197 44,404 apei3 is-nj m 3,494,997 674,382 cocMcooor-t^mrrco C5 05 *H05-f»nOC0 00 CO 05 CO CO N CM in 05 ONNO^r-tCMCMN O0 *'f 00 i— < CM i-H 950 ,881 -^©oo©oooo©oo©©©© OO CO © CO I-4 CM © © I-4 © tj4 cm © © oo cm © co co" oo" co" ©" IsT oo" ©" ©" co" I-4 Tt4 t^." ©©©■^■^©OOCMHOOrH© 1,357,010 x ua'jJBS -japutx 1,564,396 488 ,439 ©05TP00 05N©»nN NMNNCOfHOcOCO C5 05 05»noooHN CO CO -rt4" CM © !>-" i-H CO t-h Tt4 OO CM U- 665,763 ©i— ico©’^t4r^-t»©©,^t4©cM ©©©r^t-Hco©©©oocooo ^U-©t^U-CM©©T-H©CMU- co" ©" ©" ©" ©" tj4" ©’ ©" t-T cm" © r- CM CO Tl4 CO © rji CO CM © © 1 © o o 1 05 l*V>x CO 24,290,257 5,166,502 311,445 140,968 581,895 69,714 679,189 1,899,194 1,336,398 91,834 55,865 6,765,955 1,141,247 675,874 421,300 335,263 1,085,118 442,930 574,727 196,273 96,121 1,253,518 104,598 438,986 1 cn © © CM © 1 00 1 579,556 325,611 1 \v%OL CM 31,162,843 6,716,592 388,632 176,706 765,852 90,344 864,636 2,467,926 1,774,009 117,307 71,180 8 ,793 ,768 1,486,825 879,429 550,787 434,660 1,369,848 593,717 742,456 258,071 126,848 1,617,909 137,063 596,155 10,962,645 733,392 418,709 Region and State - Continental United States. . . Northeast . Connecticut . Maine 2 . Massachusetts . New Hampshire . New Jersey . New York . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island 8 . Vermont . North Central Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . . Michigan 2 . Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska . North Dakota . Ohio 4 . South Dakota . Wisconsin 8 . South . Alabama . Arkansas . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 . . . .*-«0 . C^l E g :S :w : : : • © • • Islllslisisllsl * § SSesEsaeiSl 822 59 419 468 ES o 00 «g CON«H £>• CD © g CO ISSsISISsIlssSs 1 lelliflllas 1,034 67 462 557 gs “ZSS&ZSZSSZZSS1” 1 ODJOOt^NOOO^OCO SsSssslIIsSIslI S g IlisSslsllI 1,196 202 563 672 SS 00 2522wcq2S2??v IlllisSSSIlalss ''^ssssssssssss'- | I llallllllsl 1,474 267 664 657 IS SSN2olw2S2n^ IISIlIiS«llgsll 1 45,782 517,201 70,093 37,152 31,335 10,646 39,546 82,838 47,322 126,504 16,188 4,526 614 2,108 2,354 67,1161 897 IlsiglSIllsSlSl ‘“sssssssssssss'- 1 I 17,084 181,180 23,824 11,569 10,074 3,797 13,537 26,623 15,170 40,310 5,228 2,031 322 732 681 Si § HSS888SB3i3SSS 1 I isiigsgsiiii 2,440 382 838 7,0 II ss ggSlgislilslIsS "SSSSSSSSSSSSS1' 8 § lggs§Slills 2,586 513 947 892 II § 8!ssiIISIiSlI!§ 8 I slSlsIlllll III! II s "5S22SS3$§3SSSg&t~ iflllSssfliisB! 419 ,708 K2lllss§Slg 3,229 807 1,110 1,356 li o 'e£££g$:SgS£;£Sg305 sgaas-ssss* slllSSSallSIsls 476 ,403 ggglsgillsi 3,945 877 1,324 1,473 82,999 663 SsllSIlllSsesSI 485,792 iSSBiiSsiSS 4,208 516 1,217 1,856 74,154 602 ^S§S§5S?S2S§S§£522 SSSSS^SSSgS*- 7,757 86,545 110,958 74,031 71,594 54,195 86,290 116,604 53,136 73,079 94,079 227,640 91,239 54,199 13,694 512,724 30,163 264,463 36,037 16,005 14,370 5,798 20,546 35,836 20,329 61,601 7,576 4,349 544 1,201 1,803 75,712 670 15-115 : :§ : :gg :§| 320,085 ill ilslliis 3 :i ; 5 J* 1 Jj 1 is C 1-1 lllll !Sl|| 52-Ssl |SS.^ I’Ss'S ° I- OC C5 H H 8 | | £ s £ § & 1 & ||1 1i m l! •S o „ A g 111 li 1*2*1$ kill? 111 III llllll h N n -i1 o » Table 16. — Enrollment by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, 1944-45 to 1955-56 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 oa>o« OIOIC Tf t-Ci <-1 i o »o • NOC5-. ootxjoo- O lO ^ Tj- 0>00»0 T? Ct.iON cc NffliOrf c J t£ .Jo .5 rt p . -2 -c o-e 5 - u i-> a» «_ bt ft O -*-> to 0) £® §> OQ ~ o h3 2-2« to *X3 =a-s T3 53 ^ >T3 ^X E _ C "O -g M sBss GQ H O-i 5 c C •” 4) . ES .by o •O £ §2 1.5 X CO 0) a g'g . 0) c3 S- L> „ ., S 60 cj m t£ ,. £ Sgg* coo# “J= S 3 2^ «'* e £ Table 17. — Total number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1955-56 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS JB3 r c .c K<< o « t- u o 12 3 gi2.fi .5.2 s » S5 4 Net enrollment. Table 18. — Percent of total population and percent of school-age population enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1955-56 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 73.41 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS »o co — i -< eo oo eo cm cm eo o> oo eo t- t}< oo - 05 »D 05 •»!' O Tft (N. oo Tj< T Ijfflifl^ooo: II CCOOCMi-ieOC5CMeOOOeOCO 0*00000)10' ii r I CO 1C CO IN INN 1-0 N CO N N C K O) 1.0 O) O oooi>i-ir-(Ncooo 05 CO CM CM 00 - t>.TiTiiOeo os >o cm -< © eo cm CDOOOOiJliJ'iOOOl'J'iO CO O -H ^ CO CD Noocoomcooi it^-HOSCMCOCDCOrJicOCM 00 CM CO CM CM 00 ■ Oi-iNO(NN««K H< 05 CO hOOOCOONN HiCMOOt^CMOOOOCOH CM CO , rt r- 1 r- 1 rl -H CM ' 05 CM 05 O CO t^COi-i H< HI H* 05 05 ID C OOOiHNOiJi' 1-1 05 CO 1-0 05 CM oioNOCDH COCOCOlOO' lOOSiOt^C^i •so S^sgS'S’ia oja 0 ® ®.a "ij £0(»chH>£Q •3 * h II o « £2 c,-® II c4 O a *3 O CS .sj iiiirif J5 S 3 3 S3 3.SJ 1 Number of children 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive. 4 Included with North Dakota. 2 See footnote 4, table 1. 5 Pupils of legal school age. 3 Enrollment figures from report by the Bureau of the Census. 0 See footnote 2, table 13. Table 19. — Enrollment, attendance, and membership in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1955-56 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 *o >> 8 C C3 J? &T3— T g v'a-q L-° 04 CO If sl*o» ®-s -i ©00©00c04~4~©c0 i^^NMNOOffiNNM 04 M 43 ?"8 o/® g e3,Q 5“T) 3S « <5 a o -g £ §_; ^ a w o ^NC5hOONN»0 COT^t^.(N(N(NT^cDa5t^»-H(N CO , £ o’ J3 S ^ ? — ’ O nccNOoaoooo ©4-OOtJ<©©0000©^©00 41 •— n S J=’a S« 2 g (-1 C3JD - S*3 a| ■OOH ■cootji .lOHH 04 03 ’ oo coco SN 04 03 COt'- 00 CO Cl rHlOOS coco o 4^© 03 03.0 >T3 s < s 03 O 00 — ~*CD 4- »-H eot- — u- 00 03 Tj< «o 00 4- CO *C HHCO C0 4- — ' 1.0 *C 4- 00~ H 00* •43< fl V • : ”.gT3 • w . • . c3 . X 0 U u 0 Z o ; ® a >, -'eg .' g . 2 o C)3i! 03,2 . •■g :!i§°|~c 03 03 c3 — ,-3 1"'* 3? ® O s 0 Z . • * o * o * • • • : * & . ^*5 *^3 a is iiiiflS ;.l 3 0 Cfi §-§s***a,8g OwS^2 ® ° ® <3^ 3 Illino India Iowa Ivans Mich Minn Miss< Nebr Nortl Ohio, Soutl Wisc< 03 g £ g » O § g £ ,Sl5 ® 3«!DOMOaNOM(0 ) oo oo •OOrt< -(NTf •© 0^00 -CO"* •0 • -^hco •O^N 00^3 iO -«tl ■ Oi 00 CO COCO Tt. Ncoo-^-tfOTeOTHcoiNeceo© --iO^Ttt^00 t^iciNt'-oot^co^Ht^ior^ic-^ ^COCOCOTtMNiOOOt^COCO^© ©00©t-~COt~©TtUC'eo©-it>t>1^>-i >©>-*eD.-iCDiC •*Jeo--i'>*|cD©oor~cD hcONhh (N©»Ct#(00COCOt((©©^-i © o o : 5" +s 3 !> o JnG>_2c3>> I si (A CJ *- £ ?s 51 © ill lift < ti C fi 5 « X - _ ® 0) 0) , > os a ^ 2 !H 4l" O -Q O -M tw «4H O sJSa | §■0 O C(J 5 13 £ 56 £ .0 WO US +>33 g g ft O.D - g O •die S3 > % £ S -2 - 0 ® C$ O rrt Ctf S’S^ £ 3 c U'5 . bo aj X 03 2 a> X V ^ aj -S CU 3 (U J3 65 Table 20. — Average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1955-56 [In thousands] 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 1955-56 84 27,740 5,941 Or*© — ©©©COrf in so co oo © h — o co CO — © t^— CO- 84— * 7,855 ©0484 — ->*© — t^t^OO©!^ ©'*©00©'*COCO — ©04-* oot^'*eoo4©©84 — t* — © 9,649 ©Ob-84b~© Tf ©©CO rf CO ©00 ©t^© 1949-50 s WZ‘ ZZ e© T? 88 'if ©©©©coooO'*© Tfifffltooooooon NHiO lONiji 6,291 040500 — t^.'foo-^eooco© cooo — ©ooco©©o — o© o©'*co©'*©84 — — — •* 8,065 ©in — ©O'* ©iO-*- 04© ©00 '8©'f 1945-46 o pH 19,849 4,476 222 132 511 58 531 1,553 1,338 80 51 5,776 ifliONOH 100005 — ©0000 ©cooob.©©co©o — ©co ©©eoo4ooeo© — — o ■* 7,193 CO 84©©-* — CO 84 CO CO © 04 ©co eo©rf 1939-40 © 22 ,042 5,480 (DffiONWOOOO® ©Tfco©coo4©o© 84 — CO © © © — 6,463 COOt^ — 84-*©00©84©r^ ©©COCO©©©'*84 84 04 00 ©©'*coo0'*©04 — — — ■* 7,814 b~ co © t'. •* oo © b-* 00 84 C© © ©00 CO©'* 1929-30 ec in VO M 84 5,505 '*oo©©oo© — cooo t'.cot^©©©©©© 84 — © ©00© — 6,670 b»©©©©t^©©© — ©on ©©©©■*©t-.©-*'*oot^ o4©'*eooo^<©04 — — — •<* 7,018 -* — ©t^OOCO tycoon ©coco Tf CO 84 © rf 1919-20 t- 16,150 4,122 ©©oco©04©eo© O — 84©f'-©©C-© 04—110 Tf CO 04 5,213 ©r^coo — m — oooo©©© mmo — 04©eocoo40©© © -cf ^ oo m eo m 84 — oo co co in 00©b~©b~CO © 84 84 © © Tf 00 00 --*00 1909-10 © 12 ,827 3,310 NN'fO'CMH^ 104 -*0'f©8484©©© — i — i 00—1 o V© -f If © — o — coooo — o©oo C~O4©©Tt"*©©©'*0084 b- "* 00 84 -* 00 'f — © CO 4,156 i>©eo-'f ©© ©©840-* — 84 04 -COCO 1899-1900 w 10,633 2,637 oioocot^oot^iot^t^ -1 00 8400 00 88 © if 00© 00 84 ©00©04'f©00© cocot^©©-*©©-*- © — b- -* CO 84 CO 84 If — ©„ 00 3,359 00 © © © 00 o ©©84 b*© — 84 — 84 CO 1889-90 8,154 2,036 'foO'*o4eoeocO'*© OOOSl^TfCO'fOOOO'f 84 — © © 00 00 on 00O4cOC0C4lN*incO — ©00© C0'*©'*00 84 00'*04-*'*0 I0C0C08484 — CO— © 84 2,594 84 © © © — © 00 rfl 84©-* 84 — — 8484 1879-80 en 2 VO 1,825 ■'fCOCO©©00 84t^© l>©00'* — 4'~©04'* —104 — ©© 2,452 84 05 000000 — O©© © COO4©C0-*b~00©_ 8- © -if 00 04 —04 „ 84 rf^— 1,680 00 © t^b» ©00 — 1© — 84'ff~ 1870-71 * 84 4,545 1,628 00 O 84 00 4> If b- 84 If COOOrf0005084Tf — 84 -fin 1,912 O4©04C0C0- h--* — 84 84 ■*© — ©©©00 — CO 00 00 84 84 — — "O' ST'— 904 OOt^CO — — — O'* — — 00 84 ® s, o • 3 g 153 — •43 ■ja§es>2fl O * CJ )-H © ^ H i! In 3 o'CicQ Saga® o a os a g 2-2 Q-+J o © fs §.2.S.a2 fels-a 3 fl ggS :j£ S TO 03 cS «3 O rt « N'Ss •gjgjS’S o fl pH's m o ® ® 0000c0'-i05'-i00 COr}-iTtC —( CO tJ< —i 00 -< «5 | NOOMMiO 05 CD t~- CO —I •<*< to 05 00 t- CO I C0'<}< — ©IN — — IN — C<3 ©•o©ti<©-hoo©— i©eo io t> © t- *o eo io tj< © © © N-hn^MM^NMN C*3<£)^_i,35rf-0 Tf „ CO©©© — IN — — < — co— £ M'S”® P .S3 3 a'g O t*_, Q ■Za o3° E-S « a >> .a j g 3 1 ®‘& ^ s O K 2 High school attendance not reported. 7 Includes excused absences. 3 Approximate. 8 Less than 600. 4 Includes an estimate for kindergarten average daily attendance. __ _ „ 6 Included with North Dakota. Note. — Decause of rounding, detail may not add to totals. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 04 44 « a a Xi Z z a a 3 C/5 CD C » U 2 p « X o« " cn ° d S 8 2 Cl 04 _ Ilf cU E § 2 .2> ro * ^ V.*© -a 5 ~ ■gal C u .S-S ° T3 S.S c «» a 0) .s r» JD U .2 •S O c/5 40 (O .S « Ji-7 ^ 2 & « 3 - E ■oc o J- a oj 4> u — « > -OB T* S | . CO 44 £e 2* © S 44 44 44 J3 “ (O f-H _ 04 ~ "O J3 • C .2 04 - 2 ■*- u .2 c S ® g I 3 E g £ "3 . 2 44 « O o '-B E 2 - fl> ~ <4. J£ ® JO O a*3 to •a « 2 3 L44^ 04 U 3 r 3 8 0) e -ti 2,o ® fl_ <3 It 42 3 g a . 08 W § a eoTj< r- os 05 00 00 04 04*0c00>0 04 CO Tt< >0 coco.* coco 04 CO CO co coo C5 05 1-H 04 _1 CO 04 05 CO 00 00 04 ^Tfjo- 00 § ^00 23 coocor^05-Heoo500 •^oiosioosooeooOTtt 05 04 -h CO 1-H -H 00c0i0000405c0©u0 COt^Tj004000400 Tj.ooooco < ■<}< co -h 04 --i m>4 \>£- - J!|« g 4 a-i 1 Es * & a w g 2 &>® o 0 04 -H COO NCOOOO 05 04 CO Tf 00 05 CO 1C O5>Ot^C0 r~-H00rH cS.2 « a 11 £ § o.S.g-1 sjl-a STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 NtDO *0 0 05 t>.COOO 00 OphO*0 -SICOpHhJ* hOONO *0 COIN 05 oo-pficoeo lOrfiHN OO hO)(N 00 00 pH IOIOH HflltO oit^oo Oh)< tHCO 00 *0 *oco PH COO oooo NN(N >> c3Tj g § £ S 8 grt.STg § 03'“° o coio O coco 0 05 NhJ* pH O NO 05 pH 05 05*0 00*0 tH 00 *0*0 IN lO PH O pH 05 tH CO IN t ~r "N co o CD PH CO 01 to tft H}* CO OOphO H U 3 3 2 3 p2 h pQ 4-> Cg .2 Nl 3 In £ O t3 a cs a> £ T) « 5 ® Jo < PQ 3 o •• 05 03 ts w ,31j 5oo wHw <0 o Table 22. — Selected data on pupil transportation and school lunch programs, by State: 1955-56 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 a o gS •JPS oo OPh tXjOi o 9J0UI JO sqjaom 9 joj uiBjSojd b 3tnp3J9do sjUBpi IOOTJ08 jo’ jaqranu jbjo j, OOiOiONMDOO lO-^oOOCM-^N •CO'-ifO MM HH r-i Xtfp jod qoanj p9Ai9s sqdnd jo jeqcanu 93bj9av 00!0—''^005Tjit^ ONhOO^OOCliC O^OO’OON^^IN 05 CO 04 04 05 — MN(M 05^0t^OT}0>01100> ^ O t'*. O CO CO 04 .-c 00 05 Tf OMOir-unocMomoiNro CO (M •-! H TjMM . th" CO s •a-S pOOAiO ^CpjBAUJ P9UAVO iCpqqnj t^o»oco4oao^coc5 COOOCOCOOOCOi-10404 MCCt^COiOCOOOOCCO O WON lOOCDW (MO-^IO C04C0OC0C0 04 < 05 (M CO CO • <-1 CO 00 CO (M CO (M CO lO CO CO lO CO 1C COCNOOt-i-iCO^t-CO ! i-n* 10-^10 ri I OOOOOONNONNH. O^OOONONHOHM OC0C5t>-ct.cooo5 rHCOt~CO©l- T}< N M(DMO>H p* COMMOONOOMOO N ^O-KNiCOOTfN-O'NtD L® 00>0 0!iChkhDNt)C ' - - !Tf -^oo«cco ■>* N NNN CO I> N Tt< N t>. CO » - ® * SE « 53 •» ***** oo rnoo C Tf 00 O ■>* .•2 0 • * ■ a) • 03 C-o • P e3»^ J a h * ^ *"va 5 2-S-g|^|^-|o -5 ** * „::p o e wp mil iii igil |c c (S . °T3 ft e3 o 21 o CJ '"’.C o u S ;> 3 aj . g ®^?-2 g c «3 £ 3 a ft .5 2 * -a fe 3 O ft O C *o ** - a> 5 ft S O* g ft 5 ” c 5 «2 = 0£lS § 5 > £ 3*- ° _* e 2 ■£ ° c C ^ B O ^ cS 03 0) eft « P, t, i G ic *5 US jQ 3 1C ^ ™ S'o fc. c +5 — ED O 0 CO CO 05 b- 00 — I b- -n 00 CM IO b. -I CO rH 03 1^0 CMO-noOb-icoot^rHcc cO00CMt^.CMO5f— irtiCMO lOlOO- iCMOC0rHi0 03 m co o 1- 00 03 ® a 2 2® HgS 05i0i— iCOOMiCOt^.T— I030CO TjnOt^COCOOOOCOOOOO—i C<5CMCM*OCMCOCOCMCM03COCM 05 ® saOi o P‘© r . t> © in © a: O CO O CM b- -I O 05 00 I^f~f~»00000t^003 OOO^HIOOOSCOCOCO loi^coco^-icoioo-nt^io-n nconM»oniN05iono3 OOOOCMININONNOnO cm coon: t'-cN'ncoaor-ioosiO'ncMoo cocoNncMOOcoeos^o ■n CM •-! H IO CM CM -n CM 73 a>° S 3 c3 O HSg b- 00 rH O 00 03 b- CO 03 03CMO'-"OiOiOCOiC'OCCif-.C3 C303i^03cocot^oo^-i— i-no COOOOCOiOt^OOiOCO—icOCM co-noooo-n-ncococo lO’^cocoeoocM'ncM rH CM lOOOb- c^t^oot'.'n'ncooocoosrHt^ '-'OsoostHrficocococMi^'n 00 CM CO rH 00 CO 00 rH 00 co ooo lOCO f-O © is 8 2 S3 72 tJ >’ 43J c3 >h O •—! •— . C © © & © o §■§ 1 * & * g o ~ oSS © © © fej S o3T3 'o.e3 -SS § .« 03 a s £73 e# 5 ■5 £ g.g.S.S-g g-g o.3 o g-S-cJp :n rt.S § o © s 0 CD 2 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1 Includes tuition and transportation fees from patrons, and gifts. Norn— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. 2 Incomplete. Amount of local funds provided by the villages not available. Table 24. — Revenue receipts from Federal, State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by State: 1955-56 [In thousands of dollars] 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Other revenue sources «U!D 4,175 R 4 155 14 | r> • i- j :S j SUOJ^Bd raoij 933J uoi^u^odeuuj^ ‘ puu uox^mx 2 18,116 $ 36 544 928 : :l 1 IO 546 2,612 : :! 8 1,347 549 302 1 ' IB^ox 22,291 § ’3*38 : :l § 551 2,612 1,347 651 302 93 i Local s »iFK) R 265,629 i 3 1,259 19 15,313 111 4,205 41,986 17,161 1,800 312 37,539 2 , U42 4,090 11,457 1 10,435 1,407 1,618 6,489 . suoi^uiJdojdd'B pUB'uOI^XBX 52 4,954,806 in R i 83,852 25,765 163,906 22,486 236,544 633,254 292,307 27,776 12,425 1,695,782 317,095 164,449 137,722 77,418 245,258 104,041 92,901 52,541 15,781 307,208 28,545 1 2 IB^OX 5,220,435 1,580,481 85,111 25,784 179,219 22,596 240,749 675,241 309,469 29,576 12,737 1,733,321 317,095 166,491 141,812 77,418 256,715 104,042 103,336 53,948 17,398 313,697 28,545 SI 2 Intermediate (county, etc.) t JatRO 52 11,641 2,919 ?: 319 1,370 829 suopBudojddB pUBUOI^'BXBX CVI 161 ,983 w • • • C 75 • 75,522 2§!S!II21ss: S ID I«V>X - 173 ,624 05 • • • c 75 • 5 R 2elslslslssi © State * "TO 2 78 ,207 8 7 302 350 5 7,177 :*i : CD • 21 68 5Z X) M s^uaraMopua pun spun; ^uauBuuaj O) 50 ,958 1 *8 : : r : □ 57 102 123 668 5,396 197 3,135 1,840 136 1,542 | euoi^uudoJddB pUBUOI^'BX'BX CO 3,699,721 1 I 32.631 SSiSSSSS 838 ,971 SlEgglglSgSI 1 S I'B^OX 3,828,886 846,147 32,639 10,316 50.517 1,399 79.518 386,473 274,516 5,983 4,787 859 ,512 105,251 88,001 22,922 33,250 256,257 80,227 72,917 4,515 9,218 142,398 4,275 i 3 Federal z CO 1 S 1 in isassnsa CO l-H COWHH 33,550 i § s 11 Is SI S3; WH 80 80 1-1 eO«-4 ©HI 1 M x qounj poqog in = CO i. 5r 2,000 1,154 6,300 821 4,900 15,300 9,676 800 690 57,600 10,600 4,710 3,722 2,900 7.347 4,917 5,300 1,401 1,055 9,969 863 S uoi^uonpa IBUOipBOOA. <3- 32 ,230 6,774 IsgsIlpS CM CM 8,760 SSSSSsiSiSi! 1 I^iox CO 441 ,442 63 ,817 Sssslllll I s liislilllsS; 3 CM t-4 to t>- Tf OO CO CT> CO CM i s^diaoaa enuoAOj b^oj, CM 9,686,677 & 123,870 38,076 238,170 25,552 329,087 1,083,981 597,370 37,609 18,598 2,777,241 ISIsllSIsgl; i i Region and State - Continental United States . Northeast . Maine . Massachusetts . New Hampshire . JN ew J ersey . New York . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Vermont . North Central . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . JAansas . Michigan . Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska . North Dakota . Ohio . South Dakota . Wisconsin . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 ' »-H OHO( (CO^^OCOOKNOOONNOOJO’ v-l CO 1 00U5WN»0^W5NHOO00O5NiC00( N«< ~ oON^M’^qOiOcocO't©copO( iHCO^’ 1-H OOCOMi )0»OOTf TtncONOOr-tOOWCOiOM > CO CO 0 CO O r— t t c*-~CO CO MO co~o ^co ' r-l *-< OJ Ol 'MOiCifSMOCONHOiOC 1XONOQCOONOONH' MM»OCCCuOCO^NOCCO>! CO (M CQ 40 CO ■CNiO' •oooot •OO CO CO W CO 05 00 CO - ■^OrHNCOOOlOC5(N(N(N WCC«N^Nth(N(N«050 !HO5lO»OHiHlO(Nr-'eO00 OONCCN CO to CO CO OO 02 CO OO o CO 40ofo0 40CO OO CO OO T-H CO NNOO^CO CO 40 40 CO CO CO > o> co ca Tl COM ^3 £ g ft » ° C G 43 >> -P |.|8-s S o e -p w P S c c S« .£■73 ® § c 43 03 ^ y E £ 43 2 E S r. n -Tl | « cj I. 13 C « S3 O P .2 £ w _ y S3 -c ft >.y Xt 0) bo -p §g *5 * •• ! ^ cs o; si :gig«8 IsJsS-s 1 ^ +3 o ^ S* ,m or"? 03 I S f~* Q) rrt ■ S ^3 M 43 I £ g -s y , .a « « «s 'g O <1 O C ; Q3 ts o 03 S3 ill -Is ^H-3,SSl 3 N y w 03 pE o 03 y y JS c6 U ft O O 2d S y Q.O C3 03 ft10 •- 3 p ««■ 13 S3 |S C co ^ .2 G 'O o ^ s ^ £ ^ Sh h 43 .£ Gs >> o g o3 2 . « & C CQ *7, Q) ^ — > o B v o o o J y «« <2 ||§8 ®"§-5 g ^ft£ « O B j, ® d O 53+; H3 " ft^ § ■; o ft y y .2 C 3 B ^ SQHH £ a vJ o Table 25. — Percentage distribution of revenue receipts from Federal, State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by State: 1955-56 Other revenue sources BIENNIAL SUR O' VE" f 01 «o r EDUCA': 0° : : □ :c u sT, 1< )5‘ 4-56 HH|| enojiud uiojj 839 J UOI^B^JOdSUBJ^ puB uot^mx CO 0.2 pH .1 .2 .1 © N x b- 0.2 HMINH © IN ^CO^O»Or^Ttx rf 53 .9 63 .4 b- IN Tfi N CO 00 © © I OOt^iOOOCCMN-HOOOO ©©r^oot^©©t-© 62 .4 t* eo to O co b- t- © © n eo tj< | IN CO rH H}l 00 rH ^H tH 00 © CO MOOOtOrfiOONvlUDlOe" 1 Intermediate (county, etc.) y Jaq^O « 0.1 • • -CO NMN ... suoi^BudoiddB pUBUOt'JBXBX 1.7 £ : : :£ : 2.7 eooeoeorHO©tf © n S'OHffl tJKOOOHgv®M ^ rH IN wrH I^iox rH 1 : : :0 : 2.8 no©coeiNHTf ©n J'OHID Ht«DOjHg^©e0 State 8 © so © £ 00 rH eq • 00 liTH* £:’::£’ 8)n3mAV0pU3 pUB epunj 1U3UBUIJ3J © «| © | NH • • • tq rH ©> NHIOH © i-H N ©g^eo suoi^BiJdojddB pUBUOrVBXBX eo 38 .2 33 .9 C0»-HO»0CiC00505|>- ©CO-HiOTjtiOiOtOlO INININ iNCO-rtt— IIN 30 .2 OrJiHOtONr(i©fflOTtiN ^COCOOOaOt^COrHOOCOO (NWHHrfCOfO ^0 COtH HN HCO rH , qounj jooqog to 2.2 1.7 COOtONtOTj'©— 'N —leoiNeO'-irHrHiNeo 2.1 Tfl00rH©Tt North Central . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska . North Dakota . Ohio . South Dakota . Wisconsin . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 h as •g O 2 5 a*3 6-S M- ® c e .6 3 co 33 g.ti * 3 co ? o o ° ft ‘5 "O « A Ct n 3S ■8 £2 c °-5 3 ^ $ s c o 2 0J -*J *+H c e CIS — « £ L S « ti ft.5 8 o «j >« o g co O co p-S 0) -*e «J3 P co ->f co C U5 c O CU u t- S .5 • £ -w C «M ■w ■*■> co o O C *2 ” u d a> & c lli'g i ft e o S gS|£« ° o£ «« § c’E ,:i »*.S.2g jJO OS ■ . 00 fcj.Jf C3 ID 8. X« g‘iJ1 Tp c< O > 3 0 — S- O *H « O I c 1!s- v, £"3 CS ogo| |1 ! M mo£.S CO 2 g-o 2 ^ £ gs - 'O . e c co “ cs o o s- 3 ’e3 £ p£ 33 -C C C 3 3 “ 3 c 1 u a> e «lJ >- m o-S 3 .«P §42 c '5 > o S « Z> o o « *, pC £ M a 'm r- t- CD m 2 o$ S o2« C 3 « O >> a « C 5<~ >-T> o c = E 3 2 « & « s .r 5 c s_< Table 26. — Nonrevenue receipts from State, intermediate, and local sources, and beginning balances on hand, by State: 1955-56 [In thousands of dollars] 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 I kf &J w J a 9 § Ph •" TJ CO ‘N^INMCO CD -COt-iOiO — 05 ■ Tf iM (M (M O CD 00 IQ 005 000505 -COiOOO-cti CD00»O -C0(N00O5r)< iO CO ■gii § o «» o g © ® — Is 2 S “ill co co co io 05 — O — 05 t- 00 05 CON — 0 — 05 — 05 iO -cot- • — 05 — t-05 00 50 05 • 05 t— -ooooooo — TjilOO • 05 CO -(NN-NCO oococooortoocot-t-oocoeo CCOTfWNOOOOiflNNO oot-iN5005t-coo5cor-05oo ■0 612 9 o § o a o § © m-* — I! |§ J a g.& o o ® ® Hfl > u © ® 0550 — OOO-'fCOt- — 05 0 CO Triot-eocoooocooooo — CO0 N- — < MOMNON •^COOSrJ't^INt^t^OOO^HN-'^-H'^ eOlNt^lMOvlOO^iOTfOOOOOCDCOCOCO OOCOINMCOCO— 105 00— i 50 — i OSOSTjfOSiOiOOO-^COOCOOfNCOOOO ioo5(Nooeocooo^cocor-cof-C550co kCOC05050-H00(NT}<50Tf(M(MC^(M50 Oeo^OOt^C5'^1 50-<'^OOI> >. (S'O §• N- ^ • 1-1 CO Ol »-H 50 0005050 • 00 00 f- 00 b- #,50K5OO)50C0iO 05C0^^0)O(NF' o 33^88 gJ^SlgiiS’J.S S’! ■p B ..a o 03 Co §:ta o-c c > ^ <« - •C’S'O^ £-5 * £ • 268,065 HtOCONCON OCOCOC5Tf 0 05 CO CM CM CM CM CMCOiOtHXfH • OCM rH rH rt^CM notjonjjsnj 00 5,501 ,921 1,406 ,662 1 •r--’— <»—»ooco O CM 05 CM 05 CO O tO IOIOCOHOOCOCJ5H r-T co" 05 o' ©" CM" o" 00 CM ^ 1-h 05 O) CM CM iH *-« ihioco 1 .620 ,205 CM 00 1-H 05 CO CO 05 00NrHr-UO to to CO 05 CO 05 00" to" cm" 0" co" Ort- 372 ,956 92 ,827 3,889 1,186 9,605 1,225 13,086 34,021 u 27,736 1,192 887 CM N O CO o N^i0 00 05rf CM O 05 CM CM CO Ht0 03N»0H 1— 1 to 00 CO 05 05 CM rH Classified as to pupil cost allocation j ejsoo jidnd oj papso -oqB jon CO 1,633 1,139 s H M§ SJSOO pdnd oj pajBooqy l o CO 00 r^- CD a CO c 2,184,131 OOCMtO*-iCOCOCOr-05 05 »— < CO •'■f Tf CO to 05 CO HC0005I0 05NC0 05 05 CO CO (N CM 05 CD CO CO r— » CO CM CM 05 05 CO CO r-4 r-H CM CM 00 tO 2 ,434 ,714 462,778 216,131 147,257 112,374 417,775 176,736 sjooqas AiBpuooas pun XjBiuaxnaja ‘sainjrpnadxa juajjno jbjoj, n- O CM rr to CM 00 2,184,131 119,198 36,312 226,085 22,941 292,543 899,963 536,753 33,397 16,939 2 ,435 ,854 462,847 216,131 147,257 112,374 417,775 | 177,806 (91 + SI + + 81 + f) sjooqog n® ‘samj -tpnadxa juauno jbjoj. CO 8,352,162 2,210,907 OOO't^HWtOCO NNNCOCM01005CD 05 lO rH CO 00 00 N ^ Oi 05O00CCC0r-c0WC0 THCOCMCM05C4COCOH H CM CM 05 tO 2,457,624 465,304 218,016 148,010 113,534 424,564 180,873 (81 + LI + 8) sjooqog jjb joj gainjtpuadxa [bjoj. CM 10,955,047 2 ,796 ,260 CDHNOS^HOSCMO’t O^COtOOOCOtOtOCM -t05t0i00c00c0 0 C005CM0505C0^r-T^-' tO CO ts>* CM 05 tO QO CO CM T—< CM CO CM to 3 ,285 ,459 627,899 260,008 186,992 157,982 581,448 258,676 Region and State - Continental United States. . . . Northeast. . . Connecticut . Maine . Massachusetts . New Hampshire. . . . New Jersey . New York . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Vermont . North Central.. . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . Michigan . Minnesota . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 3,844 1,544 432 15,455 422 2,110 51 ,959 !!SlSSls“llss!Si ! 1. § laiisSSsEii *> « 1 3 : 51,866 18,279 7,571 139,677 6,968 56,963 522 ,621 l=l§isSSlSiilsSI a § 1 g 21,232 343,636 37,395 9,882 10,408 5,827 21,560 27,593 23,946 60,943 12 616 I I i| ' ? i 1 S i ;38 ;S ; |i | : ; • • -O • • • »o‘ • • co cs 6,956 2,429 1,068 28,906 1,209 8,045 112,164 ssllp.plilssISS 1 - 93 ,594 2,775 60,028 6,368 1,663 1,575 655 1,672 5,688 2,580 9,573 1.018 1 :S : iiSssl 75,515 slillll=8glllgll 1 60,772 illSISliils •"S” " 8 jS OO GO r-t 05 O* »-« 10 CO CO *0 *0 (M CO *0 CO CO CO CO CO ^ I IrssrS 139,966 l§sg§llSSISgsSll SI 141 ,905 Isilsllllsl 2 :S CO • ^ JO CO CO O CO 2 ^^NO©®OO«0iM«N00Sffl CO locot-co^-ecoco®-. sillsl 1 ,461 ,704 ISsSIsSisSSsssll Ij 1,013,350 lllllssSSsi 7,239 247 2,150 38£2S§SggSg£g$Sg®3 g Isllil 87,872 SISIglg|gglSl?g§ s 84 ,185 sSIssIgllli 802 45 112 NCOi-H»0 ■a ST U 6 ,°c 111 33 o S£© 3 »o« *g 2°°i °#o c IS Ij tS-r O O 3 j lll; 3 3 O « " £ -2 § « *© r OU5 •BUt- "g g OS M H co OJ v£ oj ■§w§ 3 ,5 2‘~& M ft X ' O.ti :2 & SoJ3 bd o bn OJ .3 ‘2 jJ'O 3 •ft >>~ •3 £ w rt S§ c S s « a « s * o £ w -• v-> °g» ~ ft u © ” » ® g s ° o S ©ft! § Ng ” 2 « . OJ M 03 A J C** v >» 2 a? tn'Org a S gg « D, ^2 ° £ <=.2 “o tc C o a w § „ o PJ5 3 « »3 2 & 18 S 4J u .55 a, £ e 32 3 oo « (ioj o» ►b O « S T3 2 £ a E >> !' P 'C p 2 S .£ £ m ett 5-3 a, « ! o.H ! £ § £ § 5 5 c- ®-tn « « jz ai «w o > Ul M 3 O 5 p $ O O ^ ^ V S 3 +2 2 >b fc. 'P -3 Q> .2 cS •bb 5o ^ o • c 2 e a ft.2 X ® ’■§ 3 o O X 5W-2-2 2 I. 3 p, to 3 ai 2 a 3 a) ■1 Xi •plft'S£" ft 52 3 “ co. S 3 e*S ^51 § “ 3 s S ^ >»M ' co ft .2 » ft ft ><5 ft^ ’ 3 52^ £ CO ft 33 — | R 3 ^B 3 3 C O !jw 2 * So£ 2ft^ g to 3 ft Pi'S t, 00 3S O x 3^ 3 3 V 3 Table 28. — Current expenditures for administration for State boards of education and State departments of education , by State: 1955-56 [In thousands of dollars] STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 fl “ i >> , 2 B 0) 0,2 on ® ® ^•35 § ftfc O ® 3 2 ”2 g- w § 8 OcOCOOOiOCOfNiOCOCOOOCS COOOyct^OOCNOSOOCO^-'TOO 00 HH .-C T* O 110 III s’3! S'? S cS « ri £ O to .2 .a g g-d o ^ S'® < 03 C0 05CDC-00 05 HTjtKJOD^ HHNHO00 COiCOOCOTtHOt^u005. cOCOt^COCSOOCOCNt^iO^I -S< CO -H ■<*< -1 cs a -a ® ■£ ® oJflSos.B U*3 > rf CO CO >D CO »-i CO I 05 CO 00 CO CD CO rt< INONMiOONN ■^NKJON-hS^hlOwco -Ht^OOOOCOC-UNCO'^tNCO OC0yTj<^HTjH(Ni0 liiilii X+* <0 H ft> ° g a g — a o += a >c K So rt O "a GQ -a 4) ! 5 o a 5? htcg -«§ O 3.2 T3 •*» O *3;|«§®;a.2” « o « S J’s a^+ra Hg’bcQ'aiO g 3 5 <3 CO tJCloCOCO-h-^CDOOcO CNCi^^OOCO'^CO■^y, OCNC\) COOllN^-iCOCN'-HiOCNiOiO^-i CNt~00 rf! CSTO a 9 Siral-i- ■!S***S*S a; o a) £ ^ 5 . . ^ • X • • : : ~ : :•§ J s Indiana. . Iowa . Kansas . . . Michigan Minnesoti Missouri . Nebraska North Da Ohio. . . . South Da Wisconsir 0 cn S3 11 Table 28. — Current expenditures for administration for State boards of education and State departments of education, by State : 1955-56 — Con’t. [In thousands of dollars] 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 c ® j >, , ® Q, 3 O h C cj X -S'*-1 c 05 ft t- pq -a ® m bo « «-u 2 o. LOOOCOOTt^^COOOOiOiNCOCO CCOlwcDiMNr-i^OiOTtioqouD .2 o a) >h‘C g aj o 05 "3 m S’® I HNH(D 0 0500) 0000 O -*©f^VO OOI'- © 05«50t^Tf.©lO©i-lCT5LO© -<*,-iTt<00t^f-'tft^00©©©O> , § IIJlIll 05 bD bO £_r.S S a>°® ns a. a s8 3 ' CO 45 ■£ SC cs'o i| oo © oo oo © oo G-_ >-J3 ® o § g x i 2 COCOOO(NOO»05 c8T3 « 03 2 5 8 --S’! Ml? » :.g>u i-i g’li’Bim | j-iss "3,0 05 4) O ® 45.«k®-2 QfeOMi-4SS^:OcoEHeH>^Q §J:as r! P* !> bf!-firC O ’S g* Sic £ z S-g"§ O f fl 2 « © M03 05 OtCO ^U3® t^wioooi^o co co eo o t- — CO 1.2 T3 o JjhSf 0 g § C. B t~— < »C NOO'tf ec-’j’OO • S 2 S b u 2 S.n ® 5’43 oS-5 &>2 a® 03 _ !< „ u >< ® ® £|1!b ■33,5 o.a 3 03 J «- £ * US'S lOWHOXOrtOrfOO CDCftCOCOOCOO-^iO CO 00 1« os Ol CO CO t^O-^C3CO(NcOiO lOr-noioeococoiNcc-^eoiN 03 "S ggg a° 5 ii'! V » fl *53 ^ o d 3 CD § s S o o ft O-t •g s s-g O 0 « § I B ® ® b n.2.2 > C.'~ "S'g ^ _ ® g.s S.2c Ise^S^ 6.2 6 H •g.S’S C!>^03e0t^O- .2 c 'E^Q ~ © 3 2 _ 2 e o 23 §.2 g g-g g 33|mS§I^IoI? Q '53 M c ■s § 5 .2 Intermediate administrative units Local basic administrative units 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 02 § c3 § fe.2 GG3> -Ti $ a & s a.6 a .2 © £ £ I-rs 3 03 in C in i.2 -g| o | ° o a O O n « & a • 9 ° S p .2 a«2 « Ssfrafc ■35.3 §1 03e000030»0t>l>3<000n.-ii0e00n©c0 OlNC03<33< i-UNCOCOrH3l'^00 NN>ONiOffiMOOiC01NOOlN(N»N »-• >-ieii-reoi-< cor-i oneoon^HC03<033 OS n -♦» a .g« a oqS o c!3ffl O 00 Op® o O O. T3 s <2,0 § a o ^.2.2.c © o if © g to £ ® *a ■a 5 -a |*a 5 o^el.sl H 'SS'S s <0 I ^"o &S’2’§.S § §2 : :5§0.&o Brls saM4!||[.8^Sla |^'ii8|'§!!plgS.g’|?a 00 Is- co on os 33^100 co 10 on co on 03 coco -3 03 lO 1—1 b» b. tycoon eo ■so ?F| lS| 1 ®.a £ •gl-gS S £ | -SdoSsssoS STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 NOifflins 102 a® g os o 12 S'H “ g S a o M • « 'O e*H-- o g*?J i“.so > C -rf £ c °-3 3 C I.S.S S“g « fl) O ^ s 68 S > rG Csll! iijsii ‘isrll a5 a g» £ 3 $d ! MhI. i Table 30. — Current expenditures for instruction in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State : 1955-56 [In thousands of dollars. Salaries for individual categories of instructional staff are shown only to the degree that they are separately reported] 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 —I CO —I ox-< -co— icooico 05CCO»Ot-e4 1- CO 50 04 00 r-t •>p t- 40 eo 40 1- OIM TP T-l 05COC04005C450 10 05 O —I 05 50 tP 40 —I O tP O O ^p CO 40 o 05 -I -I 00- 00 1-1 t-ooc 50 40 04 00 4 -la” 5 Li CO P 50C01- 051-05 TP© CO 05 CO 40 eo 40 04tp 40 00 05 Cl 04 00 o o S &'"S5 PM a J1 Is 11 40 00 0 05 40 00 Tti’f-’' 400 -HO 1- Cl 05*00* 50 O T— I Cl H OCIC0O5O 04 40 oo 05 eo 00 05 T-l 05 05 -< 45 GO .S’a l, a PM 40 04 00 05 40 04 CO t- -r CO 04 40 40 04 0504 50 40 05 50 < 0©tP40< cot- 400 005 0 50 40* CO* £2 00 04 i>co C0-4P C0C4— lip C4C01-1- 50 04 40 tP 401-50401-500— ico N0404DOCOONCO •4t5ocooo50440coeo 50— IO5C05O4OCO— 105 1— 0400— *1— ^P— '04 „ -i — 15010 051-050500404—100—10440 04-^404004004051—1- iQ5tP ■TJIC0500404500440TJ1050005 04*©40-*P05 0440 04—i*000440 05-^001-50005-^0450 04 0 04 —I 04—1 o 04 —I -•00500 40tPO-P05t-00— I— i'p04t-C4— i eo— I 04 — I T-H 04 —I 04-1041-05 05 04 —I CO 545 OOCCO-4P© is Z « g* V 1 a to* iJ Umh oiji? ® ® ® « la^WSSSZiZiOMS II m 5-3qEo 9811 52,8631 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 SCC>-iO'^O500 00‘C'-iC0 500COOOc0005Hloco tJ<(Nt} 00 00005 ■tfiO>O05C0 r}<00 00t~ >-h t> 0>0 >0 1~ >0 00 05 OCOlN^ 00iCt^-^C0 aooo-^ocorH M O CO 05 05 -J5 00 00 CO CO Tj< CO 00 05 05 05 >0 -ct< >01^05 05 C-3 00 05 CO ,.--100 05 _05 cocoiot^ 05 05«00 coi-ico»o t}HiOtJ<< •cf 00->*- 05 05<-HCC05 OOt>CO^l 05^0-^ 0.-H05 05 OHTfCO O5 1-HCDC0 ■«4<t>COOO 0000c0050-ct0--t©05 ^^H-^ot^05coTj©05^000 OOOTftONONCOHCOCO «5 05 05h}<05I>C00000O>O05 hH NH r^osi-tooeocoioo^^oo cocohp:»'Hsoooo)co 051DOOCO©CO©OOf-h ON f—T f-T fH iH fH f-H* CO* f-T CO* 05(N05HN(NN (M O CO 05 CO 1> -H co co os in >o 05 eo co^oscooo NOCOON HCFJrllOCq Tt< T}H 00 F-H lO 05Tt>O5O5O5 COCONINO ot^oocoososooooeo K 05 -Ff 05 05 05 CO 05 I>00c00005c0->^IM'^*CD coojocccoocoF-iTfF^os OOlOO ■ ‘ - ~ > 05 >0 05 t- 05 —c 1^t}((M05C005C0t}(^C0(N CO 00 >D --h 05 C0C00505hH ID lO^HCOCOCOt^'-‘t^F-F05lO eo.S2-©-C.O g © C^-2 ^^OccEhH>^Q 03 2 s 13 sr © P'S O 05 05 COCO COO iO 05 05 C V010I>C U3f 10 05000 fH 05 f-h 00 05 CO fO 05 0505 CO f-H 05 lO ^ 05 CO CO COO'D 05 t>C0F-H00>O ■2§ iO >o CO >o CO 010 05 00 CO 00 COCO F-H IQ 05 t- O 05 00 05 05 CO HJF IO o O 05 CO 05 05 F-H 05 O CO CO m © s ° „-o o a .g © :*s.a 5n1 : g ©5 a '■ a- go 2 o J3 - 0.0 0 g te o •c'3 o © © 2-2 © >> 52 acn s©-s g .S2©£3§3©§“ ^•2^<3ookph^ o a.® *3 *~ © .s a o >> © H F^.S o ^ o © a; m © p 'S © G © © £ ■2 -f a* (3 c fgll “3”J '3 .2 3 i S •g 3 c o a a c a O BO °S-2d Pi o © Q) *4 o ft |il§ © a >H <2 C|_| ^ 73 o ‘3 11 © C ©O^o x.S3't3 I d c .2 © •* . © O F-H • *C S *3 ~ © °- © c o o >» & 1 ©«§ ||Is « 3 & 43 • © £ « g®2 ° SSflg ft c 1 Ii5 g 2 ft .2 o, •Sts-o X c 01 £ g s~ -ft 5h 2 o 2“-« 2 © ^ 5-2 g g .2 •V . §i 5 3 g © 0) <« ©is M £ X o IT© in 5 ©>“ .c -I : o w : ^•-s- © p s<2< •I* © §■ ft p ^ (1) § © £ •3 .3 c c w a S| § H.O hi +3 'y 00 o o •as © c C $ 05 IO 0) co C.2^ •JJ35 2 13 c -2 2, C5 05 ^ -Jl IO © cn ~ p >H c 'O cn Bh «H 3 «! g® 'oeo 2 C 05 3 .s 00 .5 3-3 ” ©'3 si! ■Eli 111 g a3 CH S3 «4H o w o S $ 8 T ^ T1 PrS © © H'a c3 © U 33 .2 S C u a -2 © C 02 2 2 © ©■C © -53 ©-53 s g 3 « -+H *3 -4 C c c ©HH §HH C o H prt Jh H o © M M 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 §•2 O. 'S C3 . 2 . g~ « . 03 ! S3 2 8 0) « 3 ess: r= be O 3^ " ft .2 13-2 5 g os hJqcSs w t- oo ® t* . 3 ftj'-n "1 1° Vi d Q) V °ra 'O ^ .T3 2 s O 1 t>eo OOrt* CD CD O ©- • — V— 1 —1 . w oo ©id— ICON— I00»D— 1 *0 — 1 © lO 1- 1 05 —( rH CO 39,249 7,200 6,991 19 744 17,109 568 23 8 1 47 © s CO s^eoo pdnd • I O l> CD 00 *D -H O 03 w — 05ioeocot^. • * ^ !> rH CD • 3,620 5,634 3,031 1,929 676 315 6,118 1,495 J9M0d pUB ‘J9JBAV ‘^qSq ‘[anq; (NO0 -iflOO -CO© | 05 CO -l>OCO -ININ -CD— 105 •COCO OO'-T -r-T • (N • 1 12,675 6,000 . •00t* -00 (NO) -H •T^rH • GO 00 lO • CD . O © --I •COCD .©©Tfi .00 ■ — 1> .CO©(N -O •OH *WHN *0 • CO H . -hc0 03h*iO-c}13Oi-H03O00Hlt^l--O3l'- 000-c)i|>f-C0003>-H.-HiOTtl'-H03- os o coohoocoio -io03r-iooo3'fl<'-ti-H(Noo»oeo 00 ^ lO to CO H 03-03 C303eOOOi-HCOiOC3 i-H000003Hf<03Ttl0030HH0003l'--HCO C0^Ht^Q0CO»OO3O300O3CO(NO3t>»O00Tt< ^HC0-^N-^HO03»-<00 03'OC0 OOtJh’ 30COCOrHO>03< HH .OtOt^tOlO 030 .(Nt^OSt-iO coco .tOrH-^cooo i-H *03 0330 0003 • cocotOTfn •003 00 CO ■ 03 03 i-H t- •0310 -ooco ■030 • 00 N- • coco • o io ^O’-H03^03C0t003 o n- CO -i io -si eo 03 -et< 03 i-H 03 T}< 30^ 0 30 COO co to >aOTt< SOON. I 03 CO 03 00 03 coco CO 00 CO ^ Hf< >D —i t}< i co 30 1-1 03 1-1 eo 03 > N- GO NHTfH 300000c0 30 30 03 00t^c000 N-03C0C01'— lON-OON-t— i-h t^OC0C030C0C0C03030O 300000e0 30 3003000e000 t>03COCOI>iOt^OOOOI>.i-H t^OC0t030C0t0C03030© C0030000CO I CO 03 O 03 CO | • iO 03 00 t> • oeoioco •^001^03 ^HHOCOOCOOiOOOHlMCOtOCOOiO C00300C003000i-H30i— <03000300003Tti t>03t0t^00-^t0i-i00t>"^0330 03e000c0 IOC0C03OIO03CO3OC0C0C0COC01 OtH03 03 03 03C0OO 03C0OCD03-ctiTfiC0— I (©30 i— IG003C0C0N-30O • 03 30 t> -Cji 00 00 t> 1-H • r^t^ooeocQitfiooeo •COtOiO»OCOCOiOt^ • CO CO 03 03 CO i—i CO C0C000O1-HC3 00 C0C003 COOOtOC3COiTt^0330 0l>c000c0c003©3030 I 30 CO CO CO CO 1 00 CO 030' O 03 1-H ' 1>.-h©cO> N- 30 N- 03 i—< 03 03C0OC0 CD 00 CO N* CO O03iHt)1( oioeoooc coeot--^ < COCO 30 coco >000t^03030— 10030 )r-u>o0i-icoo303eot^ IC0N-C0l>C0C0O3O00 •COOO 1-H -OOiOi-HCO • 03 'Hji 03 • N- CO 03 CD • 30 CO (0 1-H -0c0rfi03 30 • i-H eo 03 hji tti i> oo oo O • rt< CO Tt< H o -H O 1-H 03 03 •300303300C00303CO i-H • 03 i-H i— c rtC0rH3O 1-H • CO 30 i-H rjl 03 O CO CO i-H oo • os co co co 03 o i-H i-H • 30 t- 03 03 CO 03 I-H 30 O 103 03 CD 03 031 00t^Tti»^O3OC0t>.C0O3t>C0Hji03C0C03O CD03TtlC0t>-03C0CO-Ctl030003l>30O3Ot- COO3rHCO'-HHtlO3TtU>O3lOt^O3CO©001> HilTH03O03C0C0Oe0030030t^00'-HC0C0 C003-HC0003C0 03 00 0330 C3NCDt)(hc0003 00C30 i-HOOCOC003iOttHOOCOOI03 • o fca-P a' gss :*-*as.86 0o8 111! ?!l Jlflf g i’ll! ^■SQSoajSSilomESSS&S c3 =3*3-5 eot» 300 eo i-H 00 I> 03 03 CO 1-H 00 3OCO 003 1-H 30 eo COOC3 03 Tfi 03 30 00 rfl I-H CO CO O 03 003 0303>03 00 o ©^03 03©t^ 1-H CO 30 03 CO CO 1-H ^H Tjl t— .-3 iS •3 P n 9 > fe gp^’3 £ •E'3'33 3 5 5 ft — a- .sSsg§|».| *«^OOWPh> gCO o .2 Eh .2 A ^ Q) ll " a- +3 — G 1-H « * s P g 0,-5 03 s.SPg tfl »—H M 5 £-5 3 u -II qj tn - C § 3 &JtS g KsHS §2 IO rg CO t- Poo 5 2 M ° £ 1 S g g -hS c ft c3 oj ftfe e 3h II § g ’'SHI'S ||s» •1H u V, o Vi 1 1 eo O eo O m cs 8® » H - >H Cl Wilts'- m ^ ^ o CO o >373 CXJ O Ofijj C-- o, o fl O «1 & ft * ft CO g [*j 03 0) HH jyHH £ Table 33. — Current expenditures for other public school services and community services, by State: 1955-56 [In thousands of dollars] 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 I tfS-g °ua| • .2 -3 gxi o Hr 3X3 O. © O © fc, ° 2 — ‘C “2 •*> XI S-O ©T* J3 *|^|1 ^ XJ OSOOt^fN-^eOlOt-WOCOCO (NlMCOCOCOeOiOt^OIMt^CO C>00t^05^c0i0T}<(NO00i0 rH^COfNodlQlOrHi-T© lfj •r O. p 3 Jr ft <3 « € 5 0,3 00 3 §a o&- Or*< i^ec . Tf to - 00 CO CO lO - N®©*ON,#n®' ojooot^iooor^-^i-iuooto oooi>coooo5io(Ni-»-N -9® ,x® ~.2 630 C3 > fc O © C ft-Sx: hi ®w.2 o MH CO >00 i005000h £?© O o — — ® © © gx: © - — - oj d sl§‘^Q -3 § | 25 ■3.S Q § 58 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 95 lOON- i0i0'^l005>0*000‘0l>c0 1-1 lO 'NlOO HN ■C3->^b- 03 .CO t^U0 00 CO IQ CO NSffir-l' OCOOOO- i-iiOt'-i-H 0H33-iC000OOTt< t-t^03T}((NTjHOO'-<0300C0000300 iQ03iQ—i 00 00 O O) coco rJHOO toio IN o O NN iQ»Ot^-^eocD^H-^. icoconco co»o>-icd--i C3 30 t^oot^os CO 00 30 00 r- c OSHON^C lO^HO -H^iOOO>OCOTt.C3003003t^O'i< 03©t~03i0t^000t^>-it'- ■cff 03 COCO • • y • o • ^=3-0 &£ g £ g • 0) §2 a . 03^t>. eoNrt t> 00 30 o "<1< OS © © 00 030(N •T3 O o .2 § Ph!« ■ag1 il § o g 65'2^ 5 j3 8 •cl-fa ° ® I £J 3 & aM §| §1 s o § .a S 3 2 JS g | s A -S ft s — b ? 8*« -a * ■a’-S-i’S -Ij.S #|1# g.o.S 3 f, --O « !g|| t- o) ^ xS o o o o S ^ *“*£ ft^ u 2 I « 'A G U T3 C ? IP r ® co 3 o _ a S ft aj ft^ ^ CO * 3 CrS'GH’G S* Jz; .1? c a s ® .2 G +J cS eS L G 'w *3 » a g ■a rt 2 . g ft g £ x Jii£ « 3 1S43 hi p, ClSlH B^- 5 cs(PL , ftN ft Q ft "B^ft 35 cJ^S-g3 l33.§| r 03 11 -S & ! = £i5HB aco ■# 10 CO cellaneous school services. 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 34. — Current expenditures for public summer elementary and secondary schools, adult education, and community colleges, by State: 1955-56 [In thousands of dollars] [Data for public summer schools, adult education, and community colleges in this table and in table 21 are incomplete. Some States have reported expenditure data for one or more of these programs without also reporting students and staff. Con¬ versely, other States have reported students and staff but not financial data. The data are nevertheless published in order to supplement, to the extent possible, in¬ formation on the regular elementary and secondary programs.] Region and State Summer elementary and secondary day schools Adult education Community colleges Total summer schools Salaries 1 Supplies and other expenses Total adult education Salaries 1 Supplies and other expenses Total community colleges Salaries 1 Supplies and other expenses 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total for States reporting . 2,853 30,554 31 ,468 Northeast rnnnAfttiViit . 225 156 68 547 57 1,365 44 872 2 8,449 91 17 503 44 Maine . 201 117 114 87 117 Massachusetts . 101 787 578 New Hampshire . New Jersey . 245 (2) 7 4 238 7 786 8,027 86 422 161 147 14 New York . Tf.hnde Tsland . 6 4 (*j 1 Vermont. . 14 3 North Central Illinois . 2,456 1,032 Indians. . 853 523 330 357 675 Iowa . 753 1,160 4,180 841 551 201 TCansas . Michigan . 3,392 815 788 27 Minnesota . 899 820 985 1,588 N ebraska 38 340 37 287 1 53 665 881 156 104 Ohio . Wisconsin . South Alabama . 284 851 23 641 820 806 1,277 735 276 1,339 Arkansas . Delaware . Florida . * 527 114 Georgia . Kentucky . Louisiana . Maryland . 94 92 3 666 70 542 * 5,087 438 104 Mississippi . North Carolina . Oklahoma . 200 175 25 South Carolina . 954 739 415 1,073 261 601 Tennessee . 623 391 115 24 Te/xa-s . 353 205 282 205 71 12,828 8,720 4, io8 Virginia . West Virginia . District of Columbia . 126 124 2 595 6 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 97 Table 34. — Current expenditures for public summer elementary and secondary schools, adult education, and community colleges, by State: 1955-56 — Continued Region and State Summer elementary and secondary day schools Adult education Community colleges Total summer schools Salaries 1 Supplies and other expenses Total adult education Salaries 1 Supplies and other expenses Total community colleges Salaries 1 Supplies and other expenses 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 West Arizona . 812 1,324 58 Colorado . 763 45 560 13 Montana . . . 53 49 Nevada . Now Mexico . 88 173 00 00 00 UD Utah . 15 134 112 22 Washington . 3,206 1,177 2,029 Outlying parts of the United States Canal Zone . 121 78 107 71 14 7 Guam . 10 132 3,492 13 5 121 5 11 Hawaii . Puerto Rico . 34 32 3 Virgin Islands . 13 (*) 1 Includes salaries of both instructional and noninstructional personnel. 2 Expenditures for summer schools included with expenditures for adult education. 3 Less than $500. 4 Does not include teachers paid under Minimum Foundation Program in adult education pro¬ gram, as the salaries of these personnel are not reported separately. 5 Includes expenditure for agricultural high schools operated in conjunction with junior col¬ leges. Note. — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 53 05 £ a S o © -o "o— ® 83 § 5 § a> is a & ® SSg* * •2 a S-fJ-B <<633 ^ OT3 1-g |i & s 5 a ? 0 §'3 tk® 2 g> ■3 « 0) fill * o| _ . 3 -5 « o-g 1S1fB o & 3 -22 § o 3 2 nga a ® ®2°« •gaSS 9.§ g'3 ® H.a « o i 2.11 I g'3 3 Jar'S*0 O’© ® SaHl O.G'C’O CQ*0 « as I Hi H§1 "3 5? o 00 00 03 b- CD t> —1 co b- eo © © 00 00 t^CO"— I’— IC4CO"— Id COl> b- T3 COIN >l^t^ • ■^co o IN --H b- .ooco OJCDOJOCIOlDNNNtDtD eO©COi-UN-*00-l'cJ<''*l'ct,t~eOi-i©©©©00© )©©-'^'^©©©CO'-i©©tCD!005 S HOiffl CO ©00 CO© CO© © f~eo ©©!>© © 50© ©©00 ©T}<^H T| T*1 CO l> © © © t> © © © © © co ©©TfOHTf©oo©H©a)HmNco© CO'-l©'-<©©©COCO’-lO©©t^''tlOCO COi— (©"^COC'-i— - ©ooc- XOH ©©T* ©©*^©©00^ ©©©©©©© rji © 00 © >-i © t-h 00©-h00©©O .-ioco © eo 00 00 ©© © Tt< ©©©©oob-oeo©eo© ©M©00©©©©^t|-ct<’-i ©©cooo-^oo©©©©© *#<00 COi-H l> eo©©oo©< t~©©©o- ©i-ico©oo feci-s'l:? I?: s © . g §.2 q A o 113 *1 j2 o. ■sfsl 8 g-S3°g Soil's ^||2! c ! .2 <2 g «'2 - ® ® a §£2 « c fe B 2 t» ® o r> u u 13 a €* p a g oo o© Sco- g-£J g -£«* S^H fi •2 ’> « 3 C * » p U O o ” © £< S ’-*3 ’ l-S-S-g, wIqh^: 1 1? 5 -g g.§ .. “ Pi CS^s « _ x a O ^ S W Ctf O o . © J> o go O S QQ S 'q ^ O ^ £ a "S “■< © 7-1 | JJ S aus^f 5 g 8 w © g © m s S’«’a‘S i 8-gj2 ® d -2.-S § _ o’C -d ©o^g+jo^.c o •- o ca o i— , af ©-^g « §§£ o ® S ® ST!0-^ 5 ® b S § o§« t*6||3- I |p.2|>io li'silsJS •- « ®i 1§ “©• 3^-5^ bo cS^f ® g c5.2",eo I Q g*552i© g H 05 3 9^.2 c3 © CO© 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 36. — Capital outlay cost of publicly-owned school plants completed and made available for use during the year , by organizational level, by State: 1955-56 [In thousands of dollars] Region and State i Total Elementary Secondary Combined elementary and secondary 1 2 3 4 5 19 States and the District of Columbia Northeast 5,996 43,822 5,665 79,611 4,400 3,463 2,533 New Hampshire . 308 42,524 2,643 2,012 37,088 1,757 345 New Jersey . Vermont . North Central Kansas . 34,423 111,333 47,173 65,139 Michigan . Minnesota . 16,150 23,841 10,284 33,431 20,739 7,867 Wisconsin . South Alabama . 10,429 10,304 9,248 31,495 37,803 1 7,941 31,064 3,794 Arkansas . . 4,338 4,287 1,680 Kentucky . Louisiana . Maryland . 18,430 19,091 282 Mississippi . South Carolina . District of Columbia . 1,645 2,149 West Nevada . 6,766 21,692 51,088 3,100 10,939 29,241 3,666 9,462 21,572 Utah . 1,291 2 275 Washington . Outlying parts of the United States Guam . 915 832 75 1 Completed or near completion ; available for use for 1956-57 school year. 2 For community college use. Note. — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Table 37. — Expenditures for debt service from current funds and other funds, by State: 1955-S6 _ [In thousands of dollars] _ _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 101 $ a « n © 3 ®°o a rO 00^ CO o 00 l> 50 Cl a ,-,2 3 sJ co P-l a— 0 t> (N (Nt- (MOO" lOTf-Hf." "-H (M C ol t'- T*< 00 Tt< 00 rt< WNOO TtH(Nt^05 IN^OJIO CO" O 8t5^ O m2 I ¥ § £ © T at 52 g ©Ts 00-1 (M 05 !>> O >T5 gj Jg sjso ? a S,a Ph m -iiM051>.(M> i; 3 £ S o4h ©K°t Cl - _ £>® o 5.3 “ fe ^ fe 2l> S § ^ © © © §ja ® c3 O'? O'C^jQ § Jjfgga* ^fcS.S.a.S’ggJtS.a .SSHSSSfcfc&Sfc: Table 37. — Expenditures for debt service from current funds and other funds, by State: 1955-1956 — Continued [In thousands of dollars] 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 o ® 3 o ONMO>hh©SOO®NONHINH COOOStJCOSOSOOCCOOOSCOiO^OSOOOO CO OS CO CO W -H OS 05 CO © OS -h OS i-T rjTiH»Hiou5 co os os »-* coco II fe C g 2 I os °-3 II’SJSI-0 Sag o ®.2 M'S- ® ooo 00 1C eo^* ~rz, bo ® o.H-g 3 n ON COO t^rH rt t~i H V-> © o g pQ iO©t>T* • GO N- O • CO OS CO t>. CO © >-H OS OS (N -S, O c3 rt-o ® CJ Ps <3 ioeo©oscsc^ r-c CO CO --I CO CO OS OS 00 N- i-tlO©rH i-l I CO 00 OS >cot^»o IHHO -- A. 1111 COOOHO -cooco _ : t r ::z cocoi _ CO l> GO r-H • t> l> CO • OS OS OS •>* .-H> OS t^eoc ■cfCCOi 00 c eococoo— ico»o»-ioo»oot^o>-i N^iHTtiOOOCOOJ^OCSOiOiHOSO - 001 - - as t-osooioiocoGoaocsiO^cooosos OS CO >-l CO CO c T}< OS O CSi-HSO Sl-ilSlIljIfilia.™ •so ’go \>1 •S o a gT3 gogd. N;- o 43 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 103 .-UXOiO O0l>-<>0 COOSOiTt* rHCO|>^ o Si-l-tfr ■I 00 O ' • h ro ' (NOOCOfM C0O>O5Tt< U5t»«5 0> r-llO 82 a> _ . •3 §1 g Sll 3 ■ ° •-S ® •gS 3 Id 2 &S ,2 I Is di iOH J S.E2 2 c Si s~ -sa 2 3 £1 §3 § d ci p, t to O.S o ■as §.s O g 2 >> o ft o bo-S 111 k* 1>°. 8*U >»U .p d 2 3 ft £ o C -jJ a> d £ -a >. jj ft d ■g-S g > M CO 43 42 Table 38. — Status of school bonds and other indebtedness, permanent school funds, and acres of school land, by State: 1955-56 [In thousands] BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 104 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 105 ONOO ooocj lOOOiCt^ COCOrH© — ^05-000 00 (N NNNO 05t^0 rH©rH 00 rH OOrHiON 9N1I 00t»rj( CO 05 ioco©oo©eo05© ©as o os jt'O ©n- NNNN wN O lO wTj( 05 CO C/C0 rH 0 ,-vCO COOOl ■cfOO coeo^inosocsocot^^ o-^cocococococo—ucco N.t^05rHC005C005(N cocoosost^cor^'Cinoot^ 3 2 g 03 cn r-vCO *Vd’|§ § § ® jj* a c.S-o Sn ® H3£tD,rHo3J5?R-!:'$ -'Sr* g S 1:2 S)3-S'p1.2:g^xj ® ® g 2j§.S c g a‘3 § g a a JS ’£ ® o ® ® Ou5-l2 ®-K o ® S.h.® :.Sd <3 fl- l.ggsfS'Igua.li a ft sj:3 sc g .sSJl 3^ o 'a c be o c V. (3 .3 fC rH H to • ’Sg £ ® frds •o —■ o d a o -o m Ills t- ® c e d q3 5 ij o^u g.S 00g»lH«fl So®fi3"fi S 5 « S Sifio 3 » © bo p Id e 5 § - -3 -3 «c •” ™ T3 S3 ® 05 ® 3 d ® 3 ^ d d *® d *35 OQ ®£q rH Cl CO la O 8 rn . **1S . ® 4^ pv a ov a e •§ £§ t-O o o o o © © coo (M o eg eg eo co H-Sr2 CO O 3®W SSS ® ® *3 'a 3 3 o '3 d d s z 5-5 2 c ® 2 "3 o -5 ^}T3 be ® d c -a — r- 3 be d m ® •3 § g •“ S.a Si’S 'O c«2 3 3 >J « be; Z$ «3 d-SS g WjSd? >>eo gjg S«2 b H O . ® »H*tH £< . !r O rr «2 01 Li 3 ^-3 00 3 O SQ© ^-H^OO* CO CD T* | OC0C0C0^05C0|Qt'- ^•tflQIQt^t^lQ-tflQ O00iQ©i®00©O5-H-i©* — © © eo © co OOar-TfHMaTfHNH r-i CO eo IQ © — MN © © 00 -H IQ ^ CO 00 t- © © © © Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance '3 Q eo $1 .65 1.90 1.22 1.91 1.61 2.11 2.35 1.83 1.81 1.51 ©t^©-HTt-1 05 TH < CO CO IN tJ< CO OJ CO TJI IN CO CO CO CO CO CO co © * © CO 00 CO 00 © T* b- © © © © CO 1 ©COt>©00CON<00©©00 HNHHHINHHrtHH Annual total expenditures for all schools per capita of total population 3 t- © oo © co i-i co co © © t> oo © b- Tt« © oo © ^ Tji ts. © •'H «C IN © © r- 00 CO t> 00 CO I TO©Tl<* r-< CO -S}< © IN w © — 1 1-1 Tf b- © CO © © IN Tj< 1 «o ^ 00 CO Tt< -1 -1 © © © © © | <-1 © © T* © b- CO rt< TH IN -41 © © © © CO Tji IN IN 00 00 r-H ^< CO « TO CO © 00 OQ © - Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance '3 P co co •-< co oo r- co co © © tj< © Tt< oo O © © Sj< O © © © © © Tj< © © © — 1 — < © 1-H NHH hh hhhhhhhh 1 © © IN TO TO © t- 00 00 © © 00 © t- s}< © © t>. © CO 00 © rtrtHHOIHrtHHHH Annual N 187.64 160.47 365.35 » 257.60 194.03 168.26 281.68 297.09 157.47 188.69 249.35 188.09 188.95 265.23 213.50 197.18 348.87 312.35 » 343.54 305.58 245.89 348.56 348.31 318.01 356.53 240.50 332.11 344.77 Region and State - South Alabama . Arkansas . Delaware . Florida . Georgia . Kentucky . Louisiana . Maryland . Mississippi . North Carolina . Oklahoma . South Carolina . Tennessee . Texas . Virginia . West Virginia . District of Columbia . West Arizona . California . Colorado . Idaho . Montana . Nevada . New Mexico . Oregon . Utah . Washington . Wyoming . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 109 WO CO rH U5 i-t CO 00 lO lO CO -7< t-l Oft .HOOl>©COO CO 00 IO CO 00 r}( B *-< < * w> 8«H' is r «1 §B 73 "H $73 8,2 .§13 *•3 Sf S 8a ^g rt 8 I! Li W U &8 Pi 33 TO 3 TO -g P< 0) TO a-S 8 § ft) a o) s’g 1 a« O OQ •U a it ■5 s a -■** a) ^3 5 'O +J O »H •si tJD ^ ft) V ^ 0 ■v> S! c ” 1 O C ft) 0 a S m73 5 S c •* S «) 8 s g cS N s cj ffl a -m a 4f -2 grt O 73 . X +* rH cd 0 § &.2TJ 5 a P C 3 > O t*o B X •-3H - .0)0 _ -8 SjeiSJS 2 b?2N v 0) .5 . “ $ " w ed „ i .5 a l. •" t: .s Sf g 3«as.s1^ 73 C- 9 m m _ O Cd cd « 3 _ gg8**gc{j ■2 » >)'a =5 °' «4*S -p 0 73 fi 0 - c-,.s C~ ^ 5 5 55 £5 8* H N CO OC^iirt 0) HHH ft 3H rl Vi <1) fi o V C -P « to 3,£ 5 8 coH -H « rt CO 'S 'o O ^ 73 S £ .* g ^ _ C a) «* M ° tl K, 42 *:§ « S? o a 8-^5 o 6 3 $ a _,«3M) rt g S^11.S 43 g cd .s g » * 8 cj .2 2* c 'S-H § O 3 ~ a**,°I 49 >, 825 rO fi 8 o b5 b’73 £ OJ C3 4^ 4^ 8 H 0.-S *" qj Si *5 2'S » >>•§ S 03 S . s to 0 2 K a-Sj g oJ . 5 w > ro -g.9 o 5,2 « ^ a <2 g| ,0 O to o ® o 03 y ^ • rj O CO (U OQ W ftH 4? £ a 8 8 t? ? 8>ta 5 22 fi TO 5 « v a „ a l . t» « J tQ Vi d, is * s a a 5 - TO 'O 5 ft) ft '3 11 ■!-> JftlsMhj !-CTO fc c a; i2 T3 2 o' Si ||sj 1 «1 1 5 >^-g § $ ® I ° c4’-1 g a 4SM “ H >co 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 41. — Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1929-30 to 1955-56 Region and State 1929-30 1939-40 1945-46 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United $86.70 $88 .09 $136.41 $208 .83 $244 .24 $264 .76 $294 .22 Northeast 102.58 109.18 174.39 254.62 291.25 296.80 340.87 69.89 63.50 109.39 157.47 181.31 199.33 221.52 109.57 114.52 179.85 236.44 266.96 298.39 328.20 92.77 91.31 135.01 210.51 254.63 256.38 282 . 64 124.90 136.42 211.82 279.81 312.07 333.31 381.96 137.55 156.86 209.76 295.02 351.78 361.99 425.61 87.81 92.45 144.80 215.76 264.17 299.31 333.45 Rhose Island . 95.74 84.24 105.17 85.08 160.84 122.89 240.40 192.87 258.51 219.83 268.05 245.31 324.92 262.66 North Central 102 . 56 115.19 175.11 258.46 291.48 318.81 353.48 91.66 86.13 144.53 235.49 253.22 279.57 291.22 96.10 86.47 143.88 230.53 260.57 273.91 299.05 92.81 82.61 141.25 218.57 245.95 263.79 294.68 114.76 92.38 147.33 219.55 267.47 282.82 330.40 Minnesota . 101.29 100.38 157.96 242.24 276.92 286 . 59 324 . 57 Missouri . 70.28 80.36 137.36 173.57 211.63 232.79 263.94 Nebraska . 93.08 74.41 142.48 217.07 245 . 54 262.45 277.51 North Dakota . 99.55 68.87 138.02 226.27 256.21 262.40 286.80 Ohio . 95.69 96.37 147.03 202 . 12 232.44 253.88 282.91 South Dakota . 95.36 85.50 153.93 230.34 250.72 274.91 309.49 Wisconsin . 94.17 91.07 147.73 230.01 284.58 293.39 334.91 South Alabama . 37.28 36.16 68.57 117.09 150.06 150.88 187.64 Arkansas . 33.56 31.35 64.76 111.71 123.44 139.19 160.47 Delaware . 95.12 108.52 152.48 258.77 317.83 325.42 365.35 Florida . 50.61 58.35 103.31 181.27 206.12 228.74 1 257.60 Georgia . 31.89 42.16 64.60 123.37 165.81 177.41 194.03 Kentucky . 46.23 46.78 86.33 120.82 150.65 153.17 168.26 Louisiana . 48.19 56.58 101.36 214.08 237.40 246.65 281.68 Maryland . 80.15 83.81 126.19 213.39 242.62 268.47 297.09 Mississippi . 36.13 30.72 46.32 79.69 95.73 122.60 157.47 North Carolina . 42.85 40.86 81.43 140.82 175.62 176.97 188.69 Oklahoma . 65.48 63.03 111.86 207.05 226.36 223.87 249.35 South Carolina . 39.98 39.68 74.31 122.39 153.95 176.34 188.09 Tennessee . 42.66 44.29 76.16 132.17 148.07 166.36 188.95 Texas . 54.57 65.87 118.12 208 . 88 223.29 249.22 265.23 Virginia . 44.25 47.91 92.29 145.56 168.64 192.56 213.50 West Virginia . 72.16 63.71 101.30 149.86 183.30 186.09 197.18 District of Columbia . 132.39 131.74 172.22 256.24 301.19 302.10 348.87 West Arizona . 109.12 96.26 136.93 240.70 262.71 281.63 312.35 California . 133.30 141.93 169.21 * 260.72 * 314.51 * 343.54 Colorado . 110.76 92.04 136.12 219.66 253.16 279.76 305.58 Idaho . 86.86 78.05 116.55 186.00 211.64 237.81 245.89 Montana . 109.73 109.07 215.44 267.56 302.14 327.99 348 . 56 Nevada . 136.18 131.35 162.32 246.22 262.96 294.12 348.31 New Mexico . 77.21 76.36 134.60 222.48 261.18 264.71 318.01 Oregon . 103.31 97.42 157 . 88 272.00 316.10 336.72 356.53 Utah . 75.08 78.47 129.30 178.56 196.36 208.18 240.50 Washington . 100.45 105.31 183.33 247.63 283.77 305.42 332.11 Wyoming . 128.59 108.51 171.38 262.77 311.63 329.86 344.77 1 Includes community colleges, the finances of which were not separately reported. The com¬ bined average daily attendance of the five public community colleges in Florida was 2,201. 2 Computed amount furnished by State. 3 Estimated by State on the basis that 90 percent of total current expenditures in local school districts is for elementary and secondary schools. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 111 Table 42. — Estimated enrollment and instructional staff in full-time nonpublic ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools (denominational and nonsectarian) , by State1: 1955-56 Number of pupils enrolled Number of instructional staff Region and State 1 Continental United States . Northeast . Connecticut . Maine . Massachusetts . New Hampshire . New Jersey . New York . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Vermont . North Central . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . Michigan . Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska . North Dakota . Ohio . South Dakota . Wisconsin . South . Alabama . Arkansas . Delaware . Florida . Georgia . Kentucky . Louisiana . Maryland . Mississippi . North Carolina . Oklahoma . South Carolina . Tennessee . Texas . Virginia . West Virginia . District of Columbia. . . West . Arizona . California . Colorado . Idaho . Montana . Nevada . New Mexico . Oregon . Utah . Washington . Wyoming . Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . American Samoa . . Canal Zone . Guam; . Hawaii . Puerto Rico . Virgin Islands . Total Kindergarten and grades 1 through 8 Grades 9 through 12 Total Elemen¬ tary Secon¬ dary 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 ,709 ,360 3 ,886 ,360 823 ,000 144 ,350 93,620 50 ,730 1,877,210 1 ,561 ,870 315,340 56,830 36,130 20 ,700 74,240 62,230 12,010 3,080 1,650 1,430 32,810 22,010 10,800 1,230 700 530 220,680 179,600 41,080 7,870 4,680 3,190 30,730 22,870 7,860 1,240 690 550 250,670 213,930 36,740 6,920 4,680 2,240 718,260 611,640 106,620 20,400 13,500 6,900 489,430 400,980 88,450 13,900 8,930 4,970 44,530 37,850 6,680 1,560 1,010 550 15,860 10,760 5,100 630 290 340 1,728,250 1 ,435 ,200 293 ,050 50,620 34,790 15,830 441,150 366,640 74,510 12,070 8,230 3,840 104,550 87,500 17,050 2,740 1,960 780 74,820 59,960 14,860 2,790 1,810 980 39,960 33,520 6,440 1,370 960 410 254,290 205,310 48,980 6,990 4,670 2,320 125,490 107,090 18,400 3,990 2,830 1,160 126,130 102,410 23,720 3,970 2,580 1,390 40,500 33,460 7,040 1,520 1,030 490 15,730 12,700 3,030 590 360 230 298,090 247,030 51,060 8,640 6,010 2,630 13,330 11,260 2,070 530 380 150 194,210 168,320 25,890 5,420 3,970 1,450 664 ,800 531 ,110 133 ,690 22 ,330 13,820 8,510 24,640 19,310 5,330 880 480 400 9,310 7,380 1,930 390 240 150 15,150 12,900 2,250 440 330 110 44,540 31,590 12,950 2,050 1,410 640 15,660 9,990 5,670 770 280 490 68,220 51,540 16,680 2,320 1,330 990 114,660 95,860 18,800 3,590 2,190 1,400 101,800 86,580 15,220 2,160 1,560 600 17,760 13,340 4,420 730 360 370 13,480 10,490 2,990 610 400 210 15,950 12,840 3,110 550 330 220 8,170 6,260 1,910 370 240 130 25,480 17,180 8,300 980 490 490 114,120 99,780 14,340 3,430 2,640 790 39,550 30,050 9,500 1,690 860 830 13,500 9,600 3,900 530 290 240 22,810 16,420 6,390 840 390 450 439,100 358,180 80,920 14,570 8,880 5,690 21,500 14,870 6,630 730 320 410 261,900 216,460 45,440 8,840 5,310 3,530 32,130 25,740 6,390 1,110 650 460 5,980 4,970 1,010 180 130 50 16,000 12,910 3,090 510 310 200 3,460 2,100 1,360 80 40 40 23,040 20,130 2,910 580 430 150 26,120 21,240 4,880 950 650 300 4,180 3,360 820 160 110 50 41,130 32,980 8,150 1,330 850 480 3,660 3,420 240 100 80 20 1,830 1,610 220 110 90 20 1,050 940 110 30 20 10 450 2,230 26,740 16,390 10,350 48,310 36,020 12,290 1,460 790 670 2,320 2,010 310 60 50 10 ' 1 For States not reporting data for nonpublic schools, or reporting only partial data, estimates were prepared by applying the ratio of total nonpublic enrollment to Catholic enrollment during a prior year, to Catholic enrollment in 1955-56. Enrollment in Catholic schools, which is reported by the National Catholic Welfare Conference, generally represents about nine-tenths of total nonpublic enrollment. Table 43. — Catholic elementary and secondary schools: Number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollment, by State: 1955-56 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 if > 00 ot-oseoco 1! cocot^oocoioi^ooco ooeoco-^icoiot^-^ eoojoosiocor^iot^ ohhh«««®o IONMNOMNMH >-h cq»oco CDCO^OlOOOCDWNOJOl eCl-HTtioocoosooeooocoosos co ci tjT T ei oT -T o* o* t-- CO00»OC000O3O3o>0'-i iHNNOOOWNOOONH 03COi-iCOt^OOt^iOCOOOO COOOi-H>.iO 03 00 CO CO i-H lOO-HcooOoeiT^io OlOJlxSiOOUOlNfNUO i-h CO --H -<* CO 00 rH lO 00 00 CO 03 CO CO CO 1C IHUJ 03 0(N^5 CO T tjT 3 g a -it)<03CO i-i h}< ^003 Ot>03l>03CDeOOO--HiO,-H© ioNcoN^ocim>ooio>-i t>OSNHOO>iOMM NNMWOHONO^ rH in H}1 CN 1-H 1— I S-M I mil © © 5?© § s O-C^n .gM §1 sal o a o3.S Q g A O la l|| :Q^o STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 113 12,722 17,580 10,428 2,630 796 2,607 841 3,001 13,352 2,844 2,955 5,242 70 ,013 oo©©cot-®oio4®04® 000004f-©04Tj<©t-.— CO ©ooeo©"— ©©04 (N* CO ©~ CO* T><©©©t> — t^oi©^ CO* © 04* CO* 00* TjT © © © 00 IM* ^H* ®©00-> -1 HHNiHN 392,559 04t^©t^©C0©04 — ©CO t-~ © oo co © — © co -o* — ■*}< ©I>©Or}f©©*of©COO400CO — * CO 04 1-1 — 04 CO 04 t'.co©r^©eot^o4 — oocooo Na^HOOOOiO©LOOOO t'O^cq -1 — — oico 3,635 COCOOOOO©OOrt Tt -1 © — * ^©OCOO-h©©©©©©^ ©OOCOMi-HM i-t*04 — -* 243 — a — ^©0404®^© — —11—04 1— 04 >- 04 (^©04©t>.l^04©00©©00 ©CO©^*-C,©'<},CO 04 04 — CO 917 ©04C004Tj<©O4Tjit^eO© ■04Tti t> t'. a — — ©'J'OOCOt-0400000© t-o)©t^©©eot^i-oo®© 04 CO i— — ^ 1,160 0 — ^©©»T}>=5T! §;d g S ® : : ft O SjSSzo^SSiJSa 5 o eS gig e o g e§ §12^-3 S > ^ S'S'S 5 Table 44. — Enrollment in full-time public and nonpublic elementary and secondary day schools1, by State: 1955-56 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Public school enrollment Public school enrollment as a percent of total enrollment in all schools © 698 78.2 © co co © © © Tt< © oo oooor-r^t^r^t^t^oo 83.6 ^Tjl©CCCOCOlOTl<©Tl|rHTtl b!©’o6-HT}i © b- ©coo©cob-©© b- CO 00 IN 00 © CO IN rt H rHlO^ © 00 ©’ © © Is! r-l © IN b« rt<©ots(Noo © 00 ©tH,-iHjioo©eoeo©oo©oo©eo©b.eM OS 03 00 © 05 00 00 00 05 OS 05 05 05 03 05 05 00 ; 1 ~<© — 0>O,©©QO©OOO1O1©A tJimO^hhh o oo 05 oo oo os t>- 2,270,076 ©0000©©©©©OC0t^O©00C0TfO00 I 1,024,607 (NrHC0(N»0OO00(N^00 00O05iCC0^r«MNO00 t>. -H CO »-H CO © © oo©ooHj co © cm © © © oo cm tj< os *-< © co co © © eo 80,920 ooooooooooo co-nc3r-ia3eo>-a* cm co rH oo ^ © eo © CD U0 © rH CO rH CM 00 © § ©©©©©©©©0©0©©©©0© .-h 00 ©0503 h* ©00h*-i © co t}< ©Ncqrt©H©©eooo®N©o©© rH I-HCO ©© 00 rHrH rH 1-H © CO H 358,180 14,870 216,460 25,740 4,970 12,910 2,100 20,130 21,240 3,360 32,980 3,420 ,610 940 390 020 010 i-t • -©©CM • • rH CO 664,800 0©©©0©0©©0©©©©©©© -tf—uDHi-H © CO rH ©© CM © 00 b- itfOSi-H Tjl 1-H ©© 00 © © -^ © oo ^ tsT co © oo © -^ © eo in CM CM -h CO ^h CM 439,100 ooooooooooo ooeooo©©rtOMOH ©©T}<©Tj<©t>.(Nr-t(N(N'COCO© CO O rH CO Tf b- CM © © CM © © CM CM b» CM 00 CM b- rH CM ooooooo©©eot^©t^oo>-i©'r-ieo ©CMOOt^t^© — I©^co-It^00t^«c-C0 b-nji 00 © © © © © © t>. 00 1> rf! r-1 ^C^IOIO^IOOCOOON aUfTTor a lilnietretion tad ell genaral oontrol whioh la eysten-wllo and not confined to one eohool, sutOoot, or narrow phaae of eohool eervioei. Table 31.— CURRENT EXPOSE FOR OTHER SCHOOL SERVICES IN REG SLA R FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMc.N1 Type of expenditure 1. Attendance oervicea a. Salaries of attendance officers and visiting t.eaoHera . . . (29?) b. Sup? lie o end other expenees for attendance services . . (299) TOTAL ATTENDANCE SeiWIOES . 2. Haalth aorvicea provided by the eohool adminl.strui.tvo unit a. Salaries (lnolulir.g aecrotariai and olerical assistant*).... . . (.300) b. Supplies and other expenses for health services. . . (301) TOTAL HEALTH SERVICES . 3, Traniportetlon services for public eohool pupils a. Salaries of transportation employees . . . . (303) b. Supplies, maintenance, eivl gara>;o oporetinn and maintenance . . (30L) o. Transport at.lon insurance . . . . . . (30$) d. Contracted servloss . (306) e. Fares fumishod pupils for public buses enl streetoaro . . (307) f. Payments in lieu of transportation . . . (308) TOTAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICES . L. Food aervioeai/ . . . (309) $, Misoellanenus school sorvlcen2/.. . (310) TOTAL CURRENT EXPENSE FOR OTHER SCHOOL SERVICES (eun of 1, 2, 3, h, and $) . (311) 6. Exper.di fores by publle agencies other than the school administrative unit for health services to public schools . . . (302) Amount 1/ Include all expenditures pail lirectly from public funis ani any deficits in the operation of tha school lunch service and include expeniitures which are reimbursed from Federal funis. Expenditures that are oovered by sales of meals should be excluded. K Other school services to be included here are dirnct expenditures or deficits for extracurricular itiee for pupils, if paii from school funds ani any other eorvicea for public eohool pupils not Included elsewhere. 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 - 8 - Table 32. — CURRENT EXPENSE FOR OPERATIC N AND MAINTENANCE OF PUNT IN REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NOTE i See explanation under "Operation of Plant", page 68, and under "Maintenance of Plant", page 69, in Handbook I. Type of expenditure b. Fuel or heat . (313) o. Utilities, except fuel . . . . (311*) d. Supplies . (315) e. Other expenses for operation of plant . (316) TOTAL PUNT OPERATION . (317) 2. Maintenance of plant (repair of plant and repair and replacement of equipment) a. Salaries . (318) b. Supplies, expenses, and contractual service . (319) TOTAL PUNT MAINTENANCE . (320) Amount Table 33.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR FIXED CHARGES IN REGUUR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS Type of expenditure 1, Fixed charges allocated to pupil costs a. School board (employer) contributions to retirement funds, social security, etc . (321) _|_ b. Insurance aid judgments (premiums, injury compensation, etc.). . . (322) c. Rent . (323) d. Other fixed charges allocated to pupil costs . . (321*) TOTAL FIXED CHARGES ALLOCATED TO PUPIL 00 STS . 2. Fixed charges not allocated to pupil costsV . . . . . (325) TOTAL FIXED CHARGES (sum of 1 and 2) . (326) Amount Refunds of taxes, refunds of tuition, refunds of transportation charges, etc., should be treated as ments on Income for reporting purposes; but if they have to be accounted for separately, they should be included here. Table 3U.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR PUBLIC SUMMER ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS Type of expenditure Amount 1. Salaries . (337) 2. Supplies and other expenses . (338) TOTAL SUMMER SCHOOLS . (339) $ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 137 - 9 - Table 35.~CUftai.NT EXPE NSE FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES PROVIDED BY LOCAL BASIC AIVUNISTRATIVE UNITS Type of expenditure 1. Public libraries operated by local basic administrative unite a. Salaries . . (326) b. Supplies and other expenses . . . . (329) TOTAL PUBLIC LIBRARIES . 2. Expenditures for nonpublic sohools where authorized by State law a. Textbooks.. . (330) b. School supplies . (331) o. Transportation . (332) d. Health services . (333) e. Other expenditures for services provided to nonpublic sohools . (33U) TOTAL NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS . 3. Other eoiTunity services (community center, recreation, services to Indigent pupils, etc.). . . . (335) TOTAL COMMUNITY SERVICES (sum of 1, 2, and 3) . (336) Amount Table 36.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR PUBLIC COMMUNITY OOLLEOESj/ AND ADULT EDUCATION NOTE i Expenditures apply to programs reported in tables 15 and 16 of Part I. See explanation on pages 72-73 in Handbook I. Type of expenditure . Amou it Comunlty colleges Adult eduoatlon 1. Salaries 4 # Instructional pvrsonnol* ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••*•* (31*5) 3 (31*0) 3 b« Monina traction*! porsonnol# •••••see# . . (3U6) (31*1) TOTAL SAURIES . . 2. Supplies and othar expenses (31*7) (31x2) b. Noninstruotional supplies and expenses . . (3U8) (3U3) TOTAL SUPPLIES AND OTHER EXPENSES . TOTAL CURRENT EXPENSE (sum of 1 and 2) . (3U9) (31*1*) 'y Include only those programs operated by local basic administrate .ve units (not under t he Jurisdiction o{ a separate boarl for higher education or a a -year institution of higher education). 138 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 - TO - Table 37.— CAPITAL OUTLAY FOR PUBLIC ELEJHENTAilY, SECONDARY, ADULT, AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE PROGRAMS CF EDUCATION IJCTi: Seo explanation on pages 73-75 In Handbook I. Type of expenditure Amount 1. Land and buildings a. Sites . (351) 3 b. New buildings and additions to buildings . (352) c. Re "»o deling or improvement of buildings . (353) 2. Equipment (initial or additional equipment rather than replacements) a. Library books (for new school library ani large or special additions).... (35U) b. Furniture and equipment (excluding transportation) . (355) • c. Publicly owned vehicles and other transportation equipment . (356) TOTAL CAPITAL OUTLAY . (357) Table 33.— DEBT SERVICE FOR PUBLIC ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY, ADULT, AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE FRCCKAMS OF EDUCATION Expenditure Payments from current funis Payments from other funds 1. Redemption of school bonds a. Payments from current funds to retire serial bonis... (356) Payments from sinking funds!/ to retire bends . (359) c. Payments from issue of new bonds to retire old bonds. '360) 2. Payments into sinking funds from current funds . (361) 3. Redo. option of short-term loans . (362) J XXXX xxxx A xxxx xxxx xxxx Payments of warrants or bills of preceding fiscal year.. (363) 5. Interest on short-term and current loans . (3 X X X X X X X X ENROLLMENT: Percent in attendance _ X X In elementary schools _ X X In secondary schools _ X X By teacher X EDUCATION BY LEVEL X X X X X X X X LENGTH OF SCHOOL YEAR: Average number of days taught _ _ X X Average number of days attended _ X X Range of days X X TEACHERS: Percent of men X X Ratio _ X X X X Sex X X PART-TIME EDUCATION X X X X X X X SUMMER SCHOOLS X X X X X X X RECEIPTS: Revenue X X Nonrevenue __ _ Balances X X EXPENDITURES: Salaries _ _ X X X X X X X Current accounts X Capital outlay X X Debt service X Interest . _ _ X Per pupil X X X Part-time education X Summer schools X BONDS OUTSTANDING _ X X VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY X SUMMARIES OF ENROLLMENT, STAFF, ETC _ X X X X X X X X X FISCAL SUMMARIES _ X X X X X X X X 1 Classification includes State and region, as well as city-size group. VIII INDEX IX Rapid Finder — Continued Tabular index of statistical data — Continued Content or datum included Pupils "O is 0) o in ■ a> -a JE sZ i= Subject Enrollment Average daily attendance Percentage disti tions; average changes 3 8 >* -Q Q. ‘5 o 0> cr. Expenditures by | purpose ■a > 5J ■o o 0*0 to T3 3 National per caj personal incoi United States Table number l 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 CLASSIFICATION OF CITIES _ |. EXTENT OF COVERAGE II. DATA FOR INDIVIDUAL CITIES X X X 3 and 4. ENROLLMENT: X III. In elementary schools X X 3. 3. In secondary schools X X By teacher X X VI. EDUCATION BY LEVEL X X 1. LENGTH OF SCHOOL YEAR: Average number of days taught IV. Average number of days attended IV. Range of days _ _ ... ... X V. TEACHERS: Percent of men VII Ratio _ ... VIII. Sex _ 1 and 3. PART-TIME EDUCATION X IX. SUMMER SCHOOLS _ X IX. RECEIPTS: Revenue . . X X X-2. Nonrevenue _ X 2. Balances X 2. EXPENDITURES: Salaries _ .. _ X X X XI. Current accounts X X XIII and Capital outlay _ X X X XIV. XVI. Debt service X X XVII. Interest _ _ X X XVII. Per pupil X X X XVII. Part-time education _ X X XV. Summer Schools _ _ X X XV. BONDS OUTSTANDING .. . X XVIII. VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY 2. 1. SUMMARIES OF ENROLLMENT, STAFF, ETC. FISCAL SUMMARIES X X X X X X X 2. 1 Classification includes State and region, as well as city-size group. Statistics of Local School Systems: Cities, 1955-56 Introduction This chapter of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States continues the regular series of reports on city school systems published by the U.S. Office of Education since 1871. Before 1918 the report on city public-school systems was presented as part of the Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Education. Since 1917-18 the report has been issued for each year ending in an even number as part of the Biennial Survey. The primary purpose of this report is to present, statistically, the status of city school systems in 1955-56. It also attempts to review some of the major statistical changes which have occurred in the city public-school systems over the Nation during the past decade or longer. This report is restricted, however, to the data from those school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more which are administered by a superintendent as a separately organized school district, operat¬ ing coordinate with or under the municipal government, regardless of whether the school district may be independent or dependent, fiscally. The report does not include data for all cities of 2,500 popu¬ lation and over, since schools in some cities are conducted as part of a larger administrative unit, such as the county. The data for the schools in cities of these larger administrative units are not separable from the total data for the whole county-unit system. The trend toward this type of organization has shown such a consistent increase, especially in the southern States, during the past two decades, that the Office of Education has conducted a survey of the county-unit system for 1955-56. The results of this survey will appear as chapter 3, section III of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-56. l 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 With the continuing growth of urbanization, the city school system statistics grow correspondingly in importance. The increase in urban¬ ization, coupled with the consolidation of school administrative units, accounts for the steady increase in numbers of children who receive their basic education in city school systems. The city public schools in 1955-56 enrolled 54 percent of the total number of pupils reported for the Nation in the public school elementary and secondary full¬ time regular day schools. Although this report presents data primarily on full-time public day schools of less-than-college grade, it also includes data on those institutions of higher learning administered as part of the public school system in cities of 2,500 population and more. All popu¬ lation figures in the report are as shown in the Federal Census of 1950. Since the publication of the first of this series of statistical reports 86 years ago, the cities with populations of 2,500 and more have increased in number from 663 to 4,390, and, correspondingly, the character of our society has changed from one dominantly rural to one increasingly urban. In 1870, the urban population constituted approximately 26 percent of the Nation’s total number of inhabitants; in 1950, better than 64 percent. The data in this study should assist schoolmen and others in solving many of the numerous problems related to school personnel and finance and also should help administrators and boards of education in achieving more efficient planning for the city school systems. The Office has not collected detailed statistics, regularly, for all rural schools as it has for all urban schools, but it did conduct a survey of county schools for 1955-56. The findings of this report appear as section IV of chapter 3 in the Biennial Survey of Education, 1954-56. Classification of City School Systems As in previous reports, the city school systems included in the present study are classified into five major groups according to population as reported in the U.S. Census of 1950. The number of cities in each group and the number of school systems reporting are shown in table I. In a number of instances there are two or more school systems, or school districts 1 within a city, and in one case, two adjoining towns constitute elementary and high school districts administered to serve both cities in common. 1 The boundaries of a city school district may or may not be coterminous with those of a municipality; nevertheless, the school district in most cases is an independent government unit under a city board of education, not to be confused with the political unit of government. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 3 Table I. — Classification of city school systems and coverage: 1955-56 Number of cities Number Number of cities with Number of different school systems administered by cities in column 4 Population group with 2,500 population or more of cities excluded from this school districts administered Number in sample Number (Federal census, 1950) study 1 as city school systems Total Reporting Not report, ing 2 not in sample 2 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 All groups combined . . 4, 390 948 3, 442 < 3, 647 4 1, 720 17 1, 910 Group 1 _ 107 8 99 < 100 4 100 0 0 Group II _ 403 36 367 385 381 4 0 Group III _ 833 70 763 826 363 4 459 Group IV _ 1,201 248 953 1,012 402 6 604 Group V _ 1,846 586 1,260 1,324 474 3 847 1 In each case the schools of these cities are a portion of a larger system (typically the county-unit system). Separate statistics for the urban portion of these larger units are not available. 2 In lieu of 1955-56 data those for 1953—54 were used for these systems. 3 Data for these cities are included in all totals given in the present report, the totals being calculated on the basis of data from the 1,737 city school systems constituting the sample. 4 Including Arlington County, V a., classified by the U.S. Census as a city because of population density and urban characteristics. Coverage The basic data for this report are those furnished either directly through the mail by the city school systems, or in cases where the city school systems canvassed failed to respond, those obtained from the records of the State departments of education. A specially pre¬ pared questionnaire (Form RSL-056) was used in the collection of these data. A copy of this form with instructions appears in the appendix. In some instances, data for 1955-56 were not available, and where this occurred the report from the school system for the previous biennium was used. A footnote indicates each case. This study presents detailed data for each of the city school systems in group I, 100,000 population or more, including Arlington County, Va.2 (a total of 100 units), and for each of the 385 public-school systems in cities of group II, population 25,000 to 100,000, eligible for this study. Of the total number of eligible public school systems in cities of group III (population 10,000 to 25,000), 367 of the 826, or 44.4 percent, were used as a sample. Of group IV cities (population 5,000 to 10,000) 408 school systems of a total 1,012, or 40.3 percent, were used; and of the 1,324 school systems in cities of group V (population 2,500 to 5,000), 477, or 36.0 percent. 2 Classified by the U.S. Census as a city because of area density in population and general urban characteristics. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Sampling The smaller school systems in the less populous cities are more numerous and present more problems in securing complete and ade¬ quate returns. The total number of these medium- and small-sized cities was increased by 487 during the 1940-50 decade. A sampling technique has been employed, therefore, to reduce by nearly 60 percent the number of reports to be processed for groups III, IV, and V. The original sample was selected on the basis of the per pupil expenditure for the instruction account as reported in 1949-50 by city school systems. The cities were ranked according to the amount of this 1949-50 expenditure for instruction and arranged by State and by group. In States having 20 or more city school systems in any of the three respective city-size population groups, systems were selected alternately for inclusion of 10 or more in the sample. In States having fewer than 13 systems in any of the groups, data were collected and used in detail for each of the systems. The sampling technique as employed for this survey used 1,252 school systems, or 38 percent of the 3,162 total number eligible in cities of 2,500 to 25,000 population classifications. A summarization by region, by group, and by State of the number of city school systems used for the sample is given in table II. Of the 826 city school systems in group III, 367, or nearly 45 percent, of the total number were used; of the 1,012 group IV school systems, 408, or 40 percent; and of the 1,324 systems in group V, 477, or 36 percent. Of the 826 city school systems comprising group III, the sample of 367 systems is distributed throughout 43 States. Five States have no schools in this category, and three have but one city each. The sample of 408 city school systems of the 1,012 group IV total, is dis¬ tributed among 43 States; 3 States are fully covered with 1 city school system each, while in 5 States, cities of this population size are nonexistent. And in the group V classification, the sample of 477 school systems is distributed among 40 States; North Dakota has full coverage of 2 city school systems and 8 States have no cities of the group V classification- (see table II). LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 5 Table II. — Distribution of total number of city school systems, and number used as sample by group, region, and State: 1955-56 Total number of systems Number of school systems in— Group III (cities Group IV (cities Group V (cities Group II of 10,000 to 25,000 of 5,000 to 10,000 of 2,500 to 5,000 Used in Group 1 (cities population) population) population) Region by State All sample (cities of groups for of 25,000 com- Groups 100,000 to Total Total Total bined III, IV popula- 100,000 number Number number Number number Number and V tion or popula- eligible used in eligible used in eligible used in more) tion) for sample for sample for sample this this this study study study 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ll Continental United States _ 3,647 1, 737 100 385 826 367 1, 012 407 1, 324 477 Northeast _ 965 468 31 133 261 98 271 107 269 99 Connecticut _ 38 32 4 13 10 7 8 6 3 2 Maine. _ 46 25 3 9 6 12 8 22 8 Massachusetts _ 135 68 7 29 49 13 33 11 17 8 New Hampshire _ 19 14 3 7 5 7 5 2 1 New Jersey _ 220 98 6 27 49 16 62 22 76 27 New York _ 229 99 7 26 49 17 56 20 91 29 Pennsylvania _ 243 106 6 25 76 26 83 28 53 21 Rhode Island _ _ 19 15 1 6 9 6 3 2 Vermont _ 16 11 1 3 2 7 5 5 3 North Central 1, 360 608 28 136 269 121 378 139 549 184 Illinois _ 359 144 2 33 74 32 111 35 139 42 Indiana _ 119 55 5 14 20 8 38 14 42 14 Iowa _ 92 43 1 12 10 7 28 9 41 14 Kansas _ 72 33 2 3 20 8 10 7 37 13 Michigan _ 145 62 3 18 34 12 35 12 55 17 Minnesota _ 85 35 3 3 16 8 29 10 34 11 Missouri _ 108 45 2 7 19 8 28 10 52 18 Nebraska _ 40 19 1 1 8 5 9 6 21 6 North Dakota 13 10 2 3 2 6 4 2 2 Ohio _ 197 93 8 25 44 16 55 20 65 24 South Dakota 25 16 2 4 3 7 5 12 6 Wisconsin _ 105 53 1 16 17 12 22 7 49 17 South. . . 771 365 25 66 149 L 6 232 92 299 106 Alabama _ 39 20 1 4 10 6 21 7 3 2 Arkansas _ 62 28 1 4 7 5 19 7 31 11 Delaware _ 9 6 1 5 3 3 2 Florida’ _ Georgia _ 39 22 1 3 10 7 10 5 15 6 Kentucky _ 61 28 1 6 7 4 21 8 26 9 Louisiana _ 4 4 1 2 1 1 Maryland > _ 1 1 1 Mississippi _ __ 54 29 7 8 6 13 7 26 9 North Carolina _ 59 30 1 8 20 8 17 7 13 6 Oklahoma _ 84 37 2 4 17 8 24 10 37 13 South Carolina _ 44 16 3 5 3 10 2 26 8 Tennessee _ 43 25 4 3 8 5 14 7 14 6 Texas _ 246 97 7 14 47 17 73 25 105 34 Virginia _ 25 21 3 8 9 6 5 4 West Virginia > _ District of Columbia... 1 1 1 West _ 551 296 16 50 147 72 131 69 207 88 Arizona _ 32 18 2 1 1 1 13 8 15 6 California _ 276 135 8 29 97 39 61 25 81 34 Colorado _ 31 20 1 2 6 4 9 6 13 7 Idaho _ 22 14 2 7 4 1 1 12 7 Montana... _ . 31 20 3 6 4 9 6 13 7 Nevada 1 _ New Mexico _ 24 17 3 4 3 10 7 7 4 Oregon _ 53 24 1 2 8 5 15 7 27 9 Utah _ 5 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 Washington _ 55 33 3 5 13 9 11 8 23 8 Wyoming _ 22 10 1 4 2 1 1 16 6 1 The schools in the medium- and small-sized cities in Florida, Maryland, Nevada, and West Virginia are part of a county-unit system, and therefore are not included in this chapter on city school systems. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Pupils and Staff Enrollment 3 ( Full-time Day Schools ) In 1955-56, there were 16,949,824 pupils enrolled in the regular day-school session in the city public school systems, an increase of 1,037,778 pupils, or 6.5 percent, over the number enrolled in 1953-54. In addition to the regular day-school enrollment in the kinder¬ garten, elementary, secondary schools and post-secondary institutions in these city systems there were 1,342,382 persons enrolled in part-time courses (adult education, Americanization, night, and continuation classes) ; and 383,918 in publicly supported summer schools (see table 1) . The percentage distribution of enrollment for these public school systems in 1955-56, according to city-size population group, was as follows: group I cities (population 100,000 or more) accounted for 40.3 percent; group II cities (population 25,000 to 100,000), 20.6 percent; group III cities (population 10,000 to 25,000), 17.5 percent; group IV cities (population 5,000 to 10,000), 12.3 percent; and group V cities (population 2,500 to 5,000), 9.3 percent. In 1953-54 this comparable millions of pupils 12 10 8 6 4 2 OL - - - - - 1945- 1947- 1949- 1951- 1953- 1955- 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 Figure 1. — Enrollment by elementary and secondary school level in city school systems: 1945-46 through 1955-56. 3 Enrollment is the total number of different pupils registered in any given school unit throughout any given school year. The number may increase during the school year, but not decrease, and for this reason enrollment is distinct from school attendance, which can and does fluctuate. elementary J enrollment — 1 1 1 1 1 secondary enrollments — ^ — — 1 1 ' r 1 1 — LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 7 enrollment distribution was 40.2 percent in group I cities; 20.2 in group II; 17.0 in group III; 12.1 in group IV; and 10.5 percent in group V cities. As compared with 1953-54 enrollments the largest increase in 1955-56, 9.8 percent, occurred in the group III city school systems. The reduction in the group V city school system enrollment in 1955-56 is due to a decrease of 77 city school systems, which had been merged since 1953-54 with larger units of administration than the city, such as the county system, or the jointure school organization of Pennsyl¬ vania. The complexities of the jointure type of merger made it impossible to secure in 1955-56 comparable data for any city school system involved in this type of merger which formerly had reported as an independent city school system. Similarly, the group IV city school system classification in 1955-56 had 49 fewer school systems than in 1953-54. Attendance ( Full-time Day Schools ) In 1949-50, of every 100 pupils enrolled in city school systems, there was an average daily attendance of 86.9 pupils. In 1955-56 the average daily attendance of 14,831,680 pupils was 87.5 percent of the total enrollment. From 1953-54 to 1955-56 there was an in¬ crease of 1,047,588 pupils, or 7.6 percent, in the number of pupils in average daily attendance compared with an increase of 1,037,760, or 6.5 percent, in the number of pupils enrolled (see table I). From 1949-50 to 1955-56 there was an increase of 3,791,735, or 34.3 per¬ cent, in the number of pupils in average daily attendance, compared with an increase of 4,253,100, or 33.5 percent, in the number of pupils enrolled. This trend in the percentage relationship of attendance to enrollment in full-time day schools of citv systems is shown in table III. Table III. — Average daily attendance as a percent of enrollment in full-time day schools in city school systems , by population group: 1939—40 through 1955-56 Year All groups combined Group 1 Group II Group III Group IV Group V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 86 6 85 2 87.2 88 4 i 87 8 1941-42 _ 84. 1 82. 2 85.3 86.0 i 85.9 1943-44. _ . 83 2 80.8 84.4 86.3 i 85. 1 1945-46 _ 83 9 82.3 84.9 85.4 i 85.3 1947-48 _ 85.8 83.9 87.3 87.8 87.3 86.8 1949-50 _ 86.9 85.2 88. 1 88.7 87.9 88.3 1951-52 _ 85.3 83.3 86.9 87.3 86.9 85.9 1953-54 _ 86.6 84.6 87.8 88.3 88.2 87.8 1955-56 _ 87.5 85.5 88.7 89.4 88.4 88.8 1 Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded separately for group V before 1947-48. 509375 0—59 - 2 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 School attendance as measured by the percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance, in general, is less in the large than in the small city school system. This seems the case despite the greater expenditure per pupil made by the larger cities in the enforce¬ ment of attendance laws. Except for those school years during war periods in the past half- century, when there were decreases in the percentage of attendance to enrollment, this percentage has steadily increased. The reversals in this trend have occurred during periods of crisis, such as depression and war, and have been temporary. The ideal would be daily at¬ tendance by all pupils on the active registration roll minus only those absent because of verifiable illness. Past attendance figures disclose that at the turn of this present century the public schools in cities reported an average daily attend¬ ance of only 74.6 pupils for each 100 enrolled as compared with the 1955-56 figure of 87.5 pupils for each 100 enrolled, or an increase of 12.9 pupils daily per each 100 enrolled (see table III). If data on membership were available for comparison with the average daily at¬ tendance figures, the true percentage of those attending would be higher by approximately 5 to 8 percent than shown in this table. More recent special studies 4 have provided data on the relationship of average daily membership to enrollment and to average daily at¬ tendance. Membership data are, however, not universally available for all city school systems. Length of School Year and Number of Days Attended (Full-time Day Schools ) The average length of the school year for all groups, in actual days taught, was 182 days in 1939-40 and 180 days in 1955-56 (see table IV). This recessive trend in the average number of days taught is shown for each of the five groups. The group I city school systems in 1955-56 had an average decrease of 3 school days in the number taught as compared to the number taught in 1939-40; group II city schools, an average decrease of 2 days and groups III and IV each an aver¬ age decrease of 1 day. The length of the school term in the group V city school systems remained constant, at an average of 178 days an¬ nually for each year beginning with 1949-50. The data for these group V cities were not reported separately before 1947-48 but were merged with the group IV city schools. 4 See Current Expenditures per Pupil in Public School Systems; Large Cities, 1956-57 (Circular No. 537) and Current Expenditures per Pupil in Public School Systems; Small and Medium-Sized Cities, 1966-67 (Circular No. 538), U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Wash¬ ington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1959 and 1958, respectively. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 9 Table IV. — Number of days schools were taught and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 through 1955-56 Population group Days taught, by school year Days attended, by school year 1939-40 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 1939-40 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All groups combined _ 182 181 180 180 180 158 158 154 156 157 Group 1 _ _ 185 185 183 182 182 158 158 152 154 155 Group II 181 180 180 180 179 158 159 156 158 158 Group III ... _ 180 178 178 179 179 159 157 155 158 160 Group IV _ i 179 179 179 179 178 i 157 157 155 158 158 Group V 178 178 178 178 158 153 156 158 1 Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded separately for group V before 1947-48. Although the length of the average school term by city-size group has remained within the same narrow range of 180 to 182 days over a long period of years, among individual school systems composing the 5 city-size groups there are wide variations in the average length of school term taught. Table V shows the distribution of 1,737 city school sj^stems included in the sample according to the average length of the school year in number of days taught. The varying length of the school year supported by these individual cities spanned a range from 166 to 195 days of actual teaching. Table V. — Distribution of 1,737 school systems according to number of days schools were taught: 1955-56 Length of school term (actual number Group 1 Group II Group III Group IV Group V of days taught) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total _ 100 100.0 385 100.0 367 100.0 408 100.0 477 100.0 166-170. 3 3.0 13 3.4 8 2.2 6 1.5 2 .4 171-175 _ 16 16.0 69 17.9 72 19.6 110 27.0 146 30.6 176-180 _ 49 49.0 204 53.0 225 61.3 220 53.9 262 55.0 181-185. 21 21. 0 80 20.8 49 13.3 60 14.7 45 9.4 186-190 10 1 10. 0 18 4. 7 12 3.3 12 2.9 22 4.6 191-195 1.0 1 . 2 1 .3 The average length of the school year for a combination of two or more systems is obtained by dividing the aggregate attendance — the total number of days attended by all pupils — by the average daily attendance (see table I). Each pupil enrolled in the city public-school system attended an average of only 157 of the average 180 day school year provided in 1955-56. This shows an apparent loss in attendance for the school year of 23 days, or 12.8 percent. The real loss, which would be less 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Figure 2.— Distribution of 1,737 school systems according to number of days actually taught in school year: 1955-56. by at least 5 to 8 percent, could be obtained by comparing member¬ ship (not enrollment) with average daily attendance. However as already explained, membership data are not universally available for all school systems. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 11 Pupil-Teacher Ratio ( Full-time Day Schools ) The “pupil-teacher ratio’ ’ or “teaching load” are the technical terms applied to the quotient obtained from dividing the total number of pupils by the number of teacher positions. Only the classroom teacher positions are used in this calculation. The average pupil- teacher ratio in all city school systems combined was 28 pupils en¬ rolled and 25 pupils in average daily attendance for the 1955-56 school year. Pupil-teacher ratios tend to be slightly higher in cities of 100,000 population or more than in the groups of less populous cities. There has been some variation in the pupil-teacher ratios among the 5 city groups during the past several bienniums. Table VI discloses that since 1939-40 the pupil-teacher load has declined by 4 pupils on the average, for all groups of cities combined, or from 32 to 28 pupils enrolled per teacher; and by 3 pupils, or from 28 to 25 pupils in average daily attendance per teacher. The period from 1939-40 to 1949-50 showed a consistent decline in the average numbers of pupils per teacher both on the basis of enrollment and attendance. This recessive trend in number of pupils to a teacher can be traced, at least partly, to the fact that enrollment and attendance figures both declined during the decade, while the number of teacher positions increased by 45,757. Table VI.— Number of pupils enrolled and in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 through 1955-56 All groups combined 1 Group 1 4 Group II 1 Group III 4 Group IV 4 Group V 4 Year In In In In In In aver¬ aver¬ aver¬ aver¬ aver¬ aver¬ En¬ age En¬ age En¬ age En¬ age En¬ age En¬ age rolled daily rolled daily rolled daily rolled daily rolled daily rolled daily attend¬ attend¬ attend¬ attend¬ attend¬ attend¬ ance ance ance ance ance ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • 9 10 li 12 13 1939-40 _ 32 28 33 29 30 27 31 27 2 31 2 27 1941-42 _ 31 26 33 27 29 24 29 25 2 29 2 25 1943-44 .. . 31 25 33 27 29 24 29 25 2 29 2 25 1945-46 30 25 32 27 28 24 29 25 2 29 2 25 1947-48 _ 29 25 31 26 27 24 28 24 28 24 28 24 1949-50 _ 28 25 30 25 27 23 27 24 28 24 28 24 1951-52 _ 29 24 30 25 27 24 27 24 28 24 28 24 1953-54.. . 28 25 30 25 27 24 28 24 27 24 27 24 1955-56 3 _ 28 24 29 25 27 24 27 24 27 24 26 23 1955-56 4 _ 28 25 30 26 27 24 27 24 27 24 27 24 1 Includes the postsecondary data reported by the city school systems. 2 Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded separately for group V before 1947-48. 3 Based on combined classroom teacher and nonsupervisory instructional personnel data to effect comparability with data for previous bienniums. 4 Based on classroom teachers only. Before 1955-56 data were not collected separately for teachers and nonsuper¬ visory instructional personnel. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Administrative and Instructional Staff In 1955-56 the 3,647 public full-time day school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more employed the following administrative and professional personnel (see table I) : 7,735 superintendents , as¬ sistant superintendents , and other administrative staff members, an increase of 12.5 percent over the 6,873 employed in 1953-54; 7,407 supervisors, an increase of 6.8 percent over the 6,997 in 1953-54; 26,606 principals, an increase of 6.8 percent over the 1,704 in 1953-54; and 609,469 classroom teachers and other instructional staff, an increase of 7.1 percent over the 560,512 in 1953-54. The figures include the city college, or post-secondary school, data reported by city systems for the present study. The 7.1 percent increase in teacher personnel compares favorably with the 6.5 percent increase in the full-time public day school enrollment for the same year, 1955-56. Of the total teachers, the men numbered 158,741 or 26.4 percent (see table VII). This is the highest percentage of men employed as teachers reported during several decades. The previous highest percentage was in 1953-54 and represented 25.5 percent of the total number of teacher positions for that year. Of the five groups of city school systems, the largest percentages of men were reported for the group III, IV, and V cities (population 2,500 to 25,000). Since 1943-44, each biennium has shown an appreciable increase in the percent of men employed as teachers. This is especially true of the school systems in cities of 2,500 to 25,000 population (see table VII). Table VII. — Percent of men teachers in full-time day schools, by population group: 1939-40 through 1955-56 Year All groups combined Group 1 Group II Group III Group IV Group V l 2 3 4 5 fi 7 1939-40 20.6 19. 7 19. 4 21.0 > 23.5 1941-42 21 5 20 1 20 6 22.4 i 24. 1 1943-44 _ 17.6 18.0 17. 5 18. 2 i 16.5 1945-46 19. 1 19 3 18.4 18.6 i 19.6 1947-48 _ 21. 1 20.8 20.3 21.7 22.4 21.4 1949-50 _ 22.5 21.4 21.5 23.0 24.1 25.2 1951-52 _ 24.3 23.2 23.3 25.3 25.8 27.3 1953-54 _ 25.5 24.3 24.6 26.6 26.8 27.8 1955-56 _ _ _ 26.4 25.5 25.6 27.8 26.9 29.0 1 Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded separately for group V before 1947-48. This consistent increase in the proportion of men teachers reported by city school systems since 1943-44 may be due to the improvement in salary schedules over the past decade. This fact has tended to attract many World War II and Korean war veterans who under the Government’s GI training programs have prepared for teaching as LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 13 a career. It is likewise possible that this increase reflects the increased emphases being placed upon such subjects as physical education, chemistry, mathematics, physics, and vocational education, and the attraction which these subjects have for men. Whatever the causes, however, the present upward trend is but a resumption of an earlier one which started shortly following World War I and was interrupted by World War II. Among the five city groups, the greatest relative gain in the pro¬ portion of men teachers was reported by the group V, or smallest cities, in 1955-56, although the largest actual gain in numbers of teachers was reported for the group I cities. As compared with 1953-54 figures, the 1955-56 actual increases for men teachers by the city classifications were as follows: 6,485 in group I; 3,782 in group II; 4,169 in group III; 1,435 in group IV; and 85 in group V. The overall gain in number of men teacher positions in 1955-56 versus 1953-54 was 15,956, or an 11 percent increase. The small increase in numbers of men teachers in the group V city systems, as noted above, is partly due to the decrease in the number of systems in 1955-56, occasioned by the dropping of many “jointure” school districts of Pennsylvania, plus the merging of some city school systems with county systems since 1953-54. percent of men teachers Figure 3. — Percentage of men teachers in city school systems by group for each biennium: 1947-48 through 1955-56. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Supervisory and Teaching Staff In 1955-56 the number of teachers to a supervisor (81) for all groups of city school systems combined was an increase of 4 teachers as compared to the ratio of 77 teachers per supervisor in 1949-50. Among the five groups of cities, increases in the teacher-supervisor ratios were reported in 1955-56 for the group I, II, and III cities, as contrasted with appreciable decreases in the similar ratios for the two groups of smaller city school systems. The ratio of teachers to principals has remained almost constant for each of the groups of cities during the past decade and longer. Such changes as have occurred in the groups of smaller cities in these ratios have been slight and of little significance (see table VIII). Table VIII. — Number of teachers per supervisor and per principal in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 through 1955-56 All groups combined Group 1 Group II Group III Group IV Group V Year Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per super¬ prin¬ super¬ prin¬ super¬ prin¬ super¬ prin¬ super¬ prin¬ super¬ prin¬ visor cipal visor cipal visor cipal visor cipal visor cipal visor cipal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 li 12 13 1939-40 _ 91 24 119 24 66 24 61 22 i 119 i 27 1941-42 _ 92 24 117 24 62 23 62 23 i 150 i 28 1943-44 95 22 112 23 63 22 64 21 i 196 i 22 1945-46 _ 90 23 93 23 61 22 76 22 i 174 i 24 1947-48 _ 82 22 94 23 55 22 65 22 102 22 176 21 1949-50 _ 77 22 94 23 53 22 57 21 93 22 160 22 1951-52 _ 79 22 93 23 51 22 64 21 127 23 188 20 1953-54 _ 80 22 87 23 54 22 62 22 112 22 307 22 1955-56 _ 81 23 94 23 57 23 64 22 100 22 223 21 1 Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded separately for group V before 1947-48. Part-Time Education ( Adult Education , Americaniza- tion , Night, and Continuation ) The number of city school systems with night, Americanization, part-time, and continuation schools and classes as an integral part of the instructional program under the responsibility of the board of education has varied considerably during the 16-year period 1939-40 through 1955-56. However, the collection of the data in this area leaves much to be desired as regards reliability and completeness in reporting, and for that reason the limitations of these statistics should be kept in mind. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 15 In the period 1939-40 through 1955-56 enrollments in the classes and schools for part-time education increased by 109,792 persons, or 1.9 percent. The high point for enrollments (1,544,829) of this 16-year period was reached in 1949-50, although the largest number of public school systems reporting (947) on this type of educational service, for the 5 groups of cities combined, was recorded in 1951-52. The enrollment in 1955-56 was 1,342,382. The number of pupils enrolled per instructional staff member (supervisors, principals, and teachers) was 49 in 1955-56 compared to 61 in 1953-54. In 1939-40, the comparable figure was 54. Of the 100 public school systems comprising the group I cities of 100,000 population or more, only 78 reported on part-time education in 1955-56 (see table 1) as compared with 85 systems in 1951-52. Similarly, each of the other 4 groups of city school systems registered declines in the number of systems reporting part-time educational programs for 1955-56. For the group I city school systems in 1955-56, the amount ex¬ pended per pupil for these schools and classes was $28.49 per enrolled pupil, with a pupil-teacher ratio of 57. Summer Schools In 1955-56 only 323 city school systems reported summer schools as a tuition-free activity maintained as part of the municipal educa¬ tional program. This was the largest number of systems reporting in any biennium since 1939-40, and nearly double the number for that year. Similarly, in this 16-year period, the number of personnel (supervisors, principals, and teachers) increased by 135 percent; enrollment expanded from 127,452 to 383,918, or 201 percent. The 41.1 pupils enrolled per staff member (supervisors, principals, and teachers combined) in 1955-56 was greater by 9 pupils than in 1939- 40. In fact, this 1955-56 pupil-staff load was the heaviest reported for any of the six previous bienniums, indicating that staff personnel employed in summer schools has not kept pace with the increased number enrolled in this type of school (see table IX). 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table IX. — Pupils and staff of part-time ( adult education, Americanization , night, and continuation ) schools and summer schools in city school sys¬ tems: 1939-40 to 1955-56 Year Adult, Americanization, night, and continuation schools Summer schools Number of systems with part-time schools Super¬ visors, principals, and teachers Enrollment Pupils enrolled per staff member 1 Number of systems with summer schools Super¬ visors, principals, and teachers Enrollment Pupils enrolled per staff member > 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 1939-40 _ 482 22,814 1, 232, 590 54 170 3, 938 127, 452 32 1945-46 _ 532 18, 607 956, 154 51 173 5, 402 215,254 40 1947-48 _ 876 20, 625 1,177,282 57 278 8, 042 264, 651 33 1949-50 _ 889 26, 493 1, 544, 829 58 304 9, 134 300, 657 33 1951-52 2 _ 947 30, 647 1,440, 973 47 265 8, 332 326, 906 39 1953-54 2 _ 785 24, 803 1,504, 372 61 286 7,823 288, 519 37 1955-56 2 _ 674 27, 120 1,342, 382 49 323 9, 262 383, 918 41 > Includes all instructional staff; i.e., supervisors, principals, and teachers. 2 Adjusted for sampling in order to be comparable with complete coverage in previous years. Of the 100 group I city school systems, 51 reported the maintenance of tuition-free summer schools, and classes in which the enrollments numbered 285,923 pupils, or nearly 75 percent of the total reported for the combined 5 city-size groups. The staff personnel (supervisors, principals, and teachers) employed for these summer school programs by the group I cities numbered 5,974, or better than 64 percent of the total employed by all groups. However, the number of pupils en¬ rolled per instructional staff member in this group of the largest city school systems was 48 as compared with the much lighter pupil- instruction personnel loads in each of the other 4 city-size groups. These ratios ranged from a low of 22 :1 for the group V, or the smallest, city systems to 31:1 for the group III, or medium-sized, city systems (see table 1). Finances Sources of Revenue The percentage distribution of revenues in 1955-56 for all city school systems was as follows: 61.6 percent from local sources; 28.9 percent from State governments; 5.6 percent from county govern¬ ments; 1.4 percent as direct grants from the Federal Government; and 2.5 percent from miscellaneous sources (see table X). LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 17 Table X. — Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city school systems, by population group: 1955-56 State Local sources Population group Total Federal Govern¬ ment (direct) govern¬ ment including Federal aid for vocational education County govern¬ ment Total From tax¬ ation and municipal appro¬ priations for cur¬ rent ex¬ pense 1 From tax¬ ation for debt serv: ice 2 From other districts for tuition jand trans¬ portation All other revenue sources l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1955-56 All groups combined.. 100.0 1.4 28.9 5.6 61.6 55.0 4.7 1.9 2.5 Group 1 _ 100.0 .8 24.2 5.6 67.6 63.6 3.6 .4 1.8 Group II.. _ 100.0 1.8 28.0 5.6 61.8 54. 1 5.9 1.8 2.8 Group III _ 100.0 1.6 33.1 5.5 57.1 48.9 5.1 3.1 2.7 Group IV _ 100.0 1.9 34.7 5.0 55.2 45.5 5.7 4.0 3.2 Group V _ 100.0 1.9 37.4 7.2 49.8 41.3 4.8 3.7 3.7 1951-52 All groups combined.. 100.0 1.5 26.5 8.7 61.6 55.1 4.3 2.2 1.7 Change in percent¬ age, 1951-52 to 1955-56 . . -. 1 +2.4 -3.1 .0 -.1 +.4 -.3 +.8 1 For current expense, or capital outlay, excluding separate levies for debt service. Separate levies only. The percentage distributions for the 5 population groups vary con¬ siderably from those for the total of all cities. The school systems of groups IV and V cities (population 2,500 to 10,000) derived greater percentages of their revenue from State sources than did those of the other 3 groups of cities. Group V cities received 37 percent and group IV, 35 percent from State sources, as compared to percentages of 24, 28, and 33 for group I, II, and III cities, respectively. This difference in favor of the small city school systems is due chiefly to the fact that the distribution of State aid funds to schools is made largely on the basis of need. Consequently, small city school systems in general — being less able to support schools from local taxes — receive a proportionately larger share of State school funds than do the systems in the larger cities. The total revenue receipts for school purposes derived from the county governments were allocated so that the largest proportion, like that distributed by the State, went to the smaller city systems. The relative financial abilities of city school districts in the various population groups to support education is reflected further by the differences in the percentage of revenue derived from local sources (see table X). The revenue raised locally, which constitutes 61.6 percent of the total revenue raised from all sources in 1955-56, came from taxes levied for school purposes on the general property in the city school district, from appropriations made by municipal govern- 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 ments to respective school districts, and from tuition collected from nonresident pupils. Taxes levied locally for school purposes were for current expendi¬ tures and for debt service. In 1955-56, proceeds from city school district taxes levied for current expenditures (plus amounts of mu¬ nicipal appropriations) represented 55.0 percent of the total revenues of all school districts; proceeds from taxes levied for debt service, 4.7 percent; and transfers from other school districts for tuition and transportation, 1.9 percent. A comparison of the percentages of revenue which were derived in 1951-52 from the various sources with those derived in 1955-56 from the same sources reveals some changes. There was an increase of 2.4 percent in the proportion derived from the State governments. all I II III IV V groups city-size group Figure 4.-— Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in public school systems, by city-size group: 1955—56. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 19 There was a reduction of 3.1 percent in the counties’ proportion of the total revenue receipts. The percentage of the total revenue derived from local sources was the same for the 2 school years — 61.6. How¬ ever, the proportion from taxation for debt service derived from local sources in 1955-56 was slightly higher than in 1951-52 (see table X). The increase in the proportion of revenue from the State government represents a movement toward ever greater assumption of responsi¬ bility for school support on the part of the several State governments. This continues a prevailing trend of more than a quarter-century (see table X). t Expenditures Salaries of Instructional Staff ( Full-time Day Schools ) Data on the average annual salaries for supervisors, principals, and teachers, separately, for 1949-50, 1951-52, and 1955-56, and on the annual national per capita personal income for each of the 3 school years are shown in table XI, both in terms of unadjusted and of adjusted dollars of 1955-56 value according to the Consumer Price Index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. From 1949-50 to 1955-56, on the basis of a dollar of constant value, the average salary of super¬ visors in city school systems rose $917, or 16.9 percent; that of princi¬ pals, $886, or 15.6 percent; and that of teachers, $704, or 18.0 percent. The average salary of principals at $6,555 for all city-size groups in 1955-56 was $214 more than that of supervisors, and $1,950 more than that of teachers 5 (see table XI) . On the basis of an adjusted dollar, the average national per capita personal income increased 17.4 percent between 1949-50 and 1955-56, while in the same 6-year period the increase in the average salary for the total instructional staff was 17.9 percent. An analysis of the changes shown between 1949-50 and 1955-56 in the average salaries for group I cities discloses that for all personnel there was a consistent increase in terms of the 1955-56 adjusted dollar. The overall increases amounted to $710, or 15.6 percent for the 6-year period. Changes from 1951-52 to 1955-56 are also shown in table XI. 5 Including nonsupervisory instructional staff personnel; i.e., librarians, psychologists, guidance and counseling personnel. Table XI. — Comparisons of change in average annual salaries and national per capita personal income: 1949—50 , 1951— 52y and 1955-56 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 ?:«+ r;:: it.: ?:??+ it: tttt ?:«■ LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 21 K cvj — 55 ++ 55 ++ 55* ++ $3, 518 $3, 599 +2.2 $3, 199 $3,273 -0.7 is ^ 55 1 2§ 55 gg si | 55 11 S° §§ S° IS ssa ++ 88 ++ 88 ++ 11:1% -0.6 $4,567 $4, 672 -1.7 $4,500 $4, 604 +2.2 55 sie 55 $3, 970 $4, 506 $5. 684 55, 684 + 17.9 +20.8 gs +23.1 +25.1 $5,068 $5,068 +6.4 +11.0 SS 3 55 1 gSJ -1.6 $4, 464 $4,567 -4.1 $4, 249 $4. 823 i CSJ 555 55 $4, 195 $4, 761 ZZ 11 SS 11 SS 55 ++ 55 ++ 88 ++ ss S 55 + gS +2.0 gS +4.3 11 : 88 $2,970 $3, 371 $2,839 $3, 222 GROUP III nadjusted). . /on the basis of an adjusted dollar): GROUP IV nadjusted) . djusted) (on the basis of an adjusted dollar): GROUP V nadjusted) /on the basis of an adjusted dollar): ill iUti 11“ < < 0_ III?? 2Il 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 The average salary paid the instructional staff (supervisors, princi¬ pals, and teachers) by city school systems in 1955-56 was $4,707, as compared to $4,156, the average salary per member of total instruc¬ tional staff for the same year for continental United States, for all public elementary and secondary schools. The group III, IV, and V city school systems reported the larger relative increases in 1955-56 over 1949-50. The actual amounts of increase, as well, were greater in group III and IV cities than in the group I and II cities. Of course, from their lower levels of salary schedules, the groups of smaller cities had much more room for an advance than did the groups of largest cities. In general, it would appear that in this 6-year period of 1949-50 through 1955-56, the city school systems in each of the five groups have only kept pace with the steady upward trend in the cost of living. In contrast to a 17.4 percent increase for the national per capita per¬ sonal income, teacher salary increases ranged for the 5 groups of cities from a high of 22.7 percent for the group IV cities to a low of 15.6 percent for the group I cities. Distribution of City School Expenditures Among Basic Accounts An analysis of current expenditures of all city school systems combined shows that 3.2 percent went for administration (general control); 71.3 percent for instruction; 10.1 percent for operation of school plant; 4.2 percent for maintenance of school plant; 5.3 percent for other school services (including transportation); 5.1 percent for fixed charges; and 0.8 percent for support of adult, part-time education, and summer schools. Of the grand total expenditure (including current expenditures, capital outlay, and debt service), 74.4 percent was expended for the 6 major current expenditure accounts for full-time day, part-time, and summer schools; 17.7 percent for capital outlay; 6.0 percent for debt service, excluding interest; and 1.9 percent for interest payments during 1955-56 (see table XII). In general, as the size of the city increases, the proportion of the expenditure shown for administration decreases, and that for instruc¬ tion increases. Thus, groups I, II, and III cities used the largest proportion of their total current expenditure funds (72.1, 72.2, and 73.0 percent, respectively) for instruction, including part-time and summer school expenditures. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 23 Table XII. — Percentage analysis of current and total expenditures in city school systems , by population group: 1955—56 Account All groups City-size group combined 1 II III IV V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Administration . . _ _ _ _ 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.5 4.0 4.6 Instruction _ _ 71.3 70.7 72.4 72.4 71. 1 69.4 Operation of school plant _ 10. 1 9.7 10.6 10.5 10. 1 9.7 Maintenance of school plant _ 4.2 4.4 4.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 Other school services: Chargeable to pupil cost 3.3 2.8 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.9 Nonchargeable to pupil cost _ .5 .6 .5 .4 .3 .3 Transportation of pupils _ 1.5 .7 . 9 1.8 3.0 4. 6 Fixed charges: Chargeable to pupil cost _ 4.4 6.4 2.7 3.3 2.9 2.6 Nonchargeable to pupil cost ... - .7 .5 1.0 .4 . 1 . 1 Part-time schools ( (Adult education, etc.) .. Summer schools _ .7 . 1 1.2 .3 .5 .1 .3 .1 .2 0) .2 (0 Total expenditures _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditures _ Capital outlay ... _ _ __ _ 74.4 17.7 77.9 15. 1 72.9 18.4 70.7 20.6 72.4 19.3 71.9 20.1 Debt service (excluding interest) 6.0 5.3 6.8 6.6 6. 1 5.9 Interest payments _ 1.9 1.7 1.9 2. 1 2.2 2. 1 1 Less than one-half of a percent. Conversely, in these group I, II, and III city school systems, the proportion of the total current expenditure allocated to administration diminished; e.g., in the group I cities the proportion was 2.7 percent, while in the group V cities it was 4.6 percent. The same observation can be made regarding the percentages of expenditure for other school services. In this account the item of transportation increases greatly the amount expended by the small city school systems as compared to that expended by the larger school systems in groups I, II, and III. The proportion of its total current expenditure in this account used by the group V city school systems was 8.8 percent as compared to 4.1 percent used by the group I cities. Group II, likewise, used only 5.1 percent of this account for transpor¬ tation while the groups III, and IV city classifications used 5.7 and 7.0 percent, respectively. Since conditions vary so widely among city school systems over the Nation, no hard and fast rule can be made as to what constitutes the optimum proportion of the total current expenditure fund which should be budgeted to each of the major current-expenditure accounts. Actually, there is too much variation among the different regions of the Nation for the successful application of any one set of expenditure standards. For example, climatic differences illustrate one of these factors. A southern city school system may find it necessary to expend only a relatively minor amount for operation of the school 509375 0—59 - 3 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 community services 0.5% 1955-56 CURRENT EXPENSE DOLLAR 1951-52 1955-56 TOTAL EXPENSE DOLLAR TOTAL EXPENSE DOLLAR Figure 5. Percentage analysis of total and of current expenditures in city school systems: 1955-56 and 1951-52. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 25 plant; while a northern city school system, subject to a more rigorous winter climate, may find unavoidable the spending of a relatively greater proportion of its total current funds for this account. How¬ ever, it is desirable to know prevailing general practice in evaluating the distribution of the total current expenditure funds among the major current standard accounts. The percentages given in table XII should furnish fairly reliable criteria for such a purpose. The largest percentages of the total expenditure used for the maintenance of school plant were 4.4 and 4.7 percent for the group 1 and group II school systems. By and large, the city school systems which distribute their current expenditure dollar so that from 3 to 5 percent is budgeted to adminis¬ tration, from 69 to 75 percent to instruction, from 9 to 12 percent to operation for school plant, from 3 to 5 percent for maintenance of plant, from 3 to 8 percent for other school services, and from 4 to 9 percent for fixed charges, are in effect, adhering pretty closely to the pattern prevailing, generally, over the Nation, in the distribution of the current expenditure dollar to the major functional accounts (see table XII). On the whole, as the size of the city increases, the percentage of the total current expense dollar devoted to the administration, opera¬ tion of the school plant, and other school services accounts decreases, and the percentages to the instruction and fixed charges accounts increase, except in the case of fixed charges in the large group I city systems. The percentage (6.4) shown for fixed charges varies widely in respect to the group I cities, because of the appreciably greater proportion, as well as amounts, contributed by the large city school systems to retirement funds and pensions. Although the percentage distribution of the total expenditure for the 6 major current expense accounts appears to be fairly uniform among the different city-size groups, the percentage analysis for individual cities within groups discloses a wide range of variations. For example, in a sample of 475 cities,6 the proportions of the total expenditure ranged from 1.1 to 10.5 percent for administration; from 56.6 to 91.1 percent for instruction; from 4 to 21.3 percent for operation of physical plant; from 0.2 to 17.9 percent for maintenance of school plant; from 0 to 21 percent for other school services; and from 0 to 14.3 percent for fixed charges (see table XIII). 6 See Current Expenditures per Pupil in Public School Systems: Large Cities, 1955-56 (Circular No. 500) and Current Expenditures per Pupil in Public School Systems: Small and Medium-Sized Cities, 1955-56 (Cir¬ cular No. 501), U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957 and 1957, respectively. 1954-56 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, Table XIII. — Range in percentages of total current expenditures per pupil allocated to each major account in city school systems: 1955-56 Major account Percentage range 1 All groups combined Group 1 Group II Group III Groups IV and V combined 1 2 3 4 5 6 Administration _ _ Instruction _ Operation of physical plant _ Maintenance of physical plant _ Other school services _ Fixed charges _ 1. 1-10. 5 56. 6-91. 1 4. 0-21.3 .2-17.9 .0-21.0 . 0-14. 3 1. 1- 6. 2 63. 3-86. 6 6. 2-17.4 . 6- 9. 8 . 2-15. 0 .1-14.3 1. 4- 4. 7 64. 5-87. 7 6.5-14.9 1.4-13.0 . 0-12. 5 . 1- 9. 7 1.2- 7.9 56. 6-91. 1 4.0-21.3 .4-14.5 . 0-21. 0 .0-10.6 1.4-10.5 60. 3-90. 8 4. 0-17.5 .2-17.9 . 0-16. 4 .0-10.9 Sources: Table C on p. 7 of Current Expenditures per Pupil in Public School Systems: Large Cities, 1955-56 (Cir¬ cular No. 500) and table C on p. 6 of Current Expenditures per Pupil in Public School Systems: Small and Medium-Size Cities, 1955-56 (Circular No. 501), Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Office of Education, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957 and 1957, respectively. Current Expenditure Per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance (Full-time Day Schools ) For the 16-year period from 1939-40 through 1955-56 there was a consistent upward trend in the current expenditure per full-time day school pupil in average daily attendance for all city school systems Table XI \ .—Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city systems , by population group ( with com¬ parative data on national per capita personal income in the United States ) 1939-40 through 1955-56 Item 1939-40 1945-46 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 Increase from 1939-40 to 1955-56 Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • 9 EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF UNADJUSTED DOLLARS All groups combined. _ .. Group 1 _ $106. 63 127. 22 $150. 47 174.01 $223. 93 247. 57 229. 49 205. 27 / 194.29 \ 192.69 1, 436. 00 $256. 00 282. 03 258. 22 234. 53 225. 41 221.20 1, 688. 00 $276. 52 302. 15 277. 37 259. 71 246. 97 242. 00 1, 779. 00 $303. 94 328. 51 305. 49 286.42 275. 36 268. 94 1, 914. 00 $197.31 201. 29 185.0 158.2 Group II _ 101.80 152 63 203. 69 200. 1 Group III . _ 87.32 } 180.00 132. 79 i 123. 60 199. 10 } i 192. 15 228.0 i 140. 2 Group IV _ Group V _ National per capita per¬ sonal income 3 _ _ 575. 00 1, 242. 00 1, 339. 00 233.0 EXPRESSED IN DOLLARS OF SAME PURCHASING POWER AS IN 1955-56 2 All groups combined. . Group 1 _ $205. 16 244. 77 $221.79 256. 49 224. 98 195. 73 $254. 16 280. 99 260. 47 232. 98 / 220.52 \ 218.70 1, 630. 00 $261.89 288. 52 264. 16 239. 92 230. 59 226. 29 1, 727. 00 $276. 24 301. 85 277. 09 259. 45 246. 72 241.76 1, 777. 00 $303. 94 328. 51 305. 49 286. 42 275. 36 268. 94 1, 914. 00 $98. 78 83. 74 109. 63 118. 42 }i 118. 23 48.1 34 2 Group II _ 195 86 56.0 70.5 i 78.9 Group III _ 168. 00 } i 153. 92 Group IV _ Group V _ i 182. 19 National per capita per¬ sonal income 3. 1, 106. 00 1,831.00 708. 00 64.0 1 Groups IV and V combined. 2 The adjustment to dollar with same purchasing power as in 1955-56 was made by use of the Consumers Price Index. 3 Source: Office of Business Economics, U.S. Department of Commerce. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 27 combined. The overall increase for the 5 city groups combined was $98.78, or 48.1 percent as expressed in terms of a constant dollar with purchasing power based on 1955-56 value. In the same period personal income per capita increased 64 percent. In 1939-40 the average per pupil expenditure would have been $205.16 instead of $106.63, expressed in terms of purchasing power of a 1955-56 dollar (see table XIV). For 1955-56 the average expenditure per pupil was $303.94. dollars per pupil Figure 6. — Indebtedness and expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems: 1955-56. Current Expenditure for Part-time ( Adult Education , Americanization , Night , and Continuation) Education The amount of the total expenditure ($33,266,000) reported by 674 city school systems for the 5 groups of cities in 1955-56 that con¬ ducted part-time school and classes was around 4 times as great as that reported as a total expenditure ($8,441,000) in 1939-40. In terms of an adjusted dollar with the same purchasing power as in 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 1955-56, the total expenditure in 1955-56 was about twice that of 1939-40, viz, $33,266,000 versus $16,240,000, but only three-fourths of the $44,467,000 spent in 1949-50 (see table XV). Correspondingly, the number of school systems which reported on this type of education dropped from 889 systems in 1949-50 to 674 systems in 1955-56 for the 5 groups of city classifications, a decrease of around 24 percent for the 6-year period. The group I city school systems reported 73.8 percent of the total expenditure for part-time education for all 5 groups; the group II, 14.6 percent of the total; group III, 7.3 percent; group IV, 2.5 percent; and group V, 1.8 percent. The expenditure for all 5 city groups averaged $24.78 per pupil. The group III city school systems ex¬ pended $17.45 per pupil for part-time educational activities, closely matched by the group II per pupil expenditure of $16.38. The group I cities had an expenditure of $28.49 per pupil. The two groups of smaller cities showed the highest average expenditures per pupil of $31.16 for group IV, and $31.78 for group V school systems in 1955-56. On the basis of the adjusted dollar value, the per pupil average expenditure for all cities of $24.78 in 1955-56 was slightly more than that in 1953-54, and less than the expenditures per pupil in 1951-52, 1949-50, and 1947-48 (see table XV). Table XV. — Expenditure for part-time ( adult education , Americanization , night , and continuation ) schools , and summer schools , in city school systems: 1939-40 through 1955-56 Year Adult education, Americanization, night, and continuation education Summer schools Unadjusted Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted Total for systems reporting (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ tures per pupil en¬ rolled Total for systems reporting (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ tures per pupil en¬ rolled Total for systems reporting (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ tures per pupil en¬ rolled Total for systems reporting (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ tures per pupil en¬ rolled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ns 9 1939-40 _ $8, 441 $7. 68 $16, 240 $14. 78 $847 $6. 65 $1,630 $12. 79 1945-46 _ 15, 269 15. 97 22, 507 23. 54 2, 063 9. 58 3,041 14.12 1947-48 _ 31, 008 26. 34 35, 752 30. 37 3, 978 15. 03 4, 587 17. 33 1949-50 _ 39, 178 25. 36 44, 467 28. 78 4, 394 14.62 4, 987 16. 59 1951-52 _ 38, 951 27.03 39, 847 27. 65 5,610 17. 16 5, 739 17.55 1953-54 _ 33, 273 22. 12 33, 240 22. 10 7, 087 24. 56 7,080 24. 54 1955-56 _ _ 33, 266 24.78 33, 266 24.78 6,916 18. 01 6,916 18. 01 1 The adjustment to dollars with same purchasing power as 1955-56 was made by use of the Consumer Price Index (1955-56=100). The monthly Consumer Price Index figures needed for calculation were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, February 1957. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 29 Expenditures for Summer Schools and Classes The group I city school systems spent $17.77 per pupil for the summer school program; group II, $20.11; group III, $15.40; group IV, $18.68; and group V, $23.43 per pupil during the summer school session of 1955-56. The expenditure of public school funds for conducting summer school programs increased in amounts consistently for each biennium recorded between 1939-40 and 1953-54, as did in general the expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled. In terms of a constant dollar of 1955-56 value, the expenditure per pupil in 1939-40 was $12.79 vs. $24.54 in 1953-54, and the total expenditure in 1939-40 equaled $1,630,000 as compared to $7,080,000 in 1953-54. In 1955-56, despite the greater number of systems reporting summer schools (as shown in table IX), there was a reversal in the previous 14-year upward trend in amounts of expenditure for these summer schools, and there was reported a decrease of $171,000 in the total for the 5 groups of school systems compared to 1953-54. The expenditure of $18.01 per pupil enrolled in the 1955-56 sessions of summer schools represented a decrease of $6.53 per pupil, or a reduction of more than 25 percent in the 1955-56 versus the 1953-54 expenditure (see table XV). Capital Outlay Expenditures The total amount expended in 1955-56 by all city school systems for sites, new buildings, additions, improvements, and new equipment was $1,092,887,000 as compared to $130,262,000 in 1939-40 in un¬ adjusted dollars. The comparable expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance for the 1955-56 and 1939-40 years were $73.68 and $11.73, respectively. In considering both the total and the per pupil expenditures for capital outlay purposes as given in table XVI for the period 1939-40 through 1955-56, it should be remembered that the building and construction indices more than doubled in this 16-year period. In other words, it took more than twice the number of dollars to duplicate a 1939-40 building in 1955-56. The low point of capital outlay expenditures occurred in 1943-44 when the total expended for building purposes amounted to $24,- 269,000, or $2.41 per pupil in average daily attendance. This was less than 50 percent of the expenditure per pupil in 1941-42. The low expenditures for the years 1941-42 to 1945-46 reflect the slow¬ down in school building activities due to war needs of this period. A review of capital expenditures per pupil by city-size group shows 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 to e | 3 © I V NO ~ I "3 £ n si ■il 3> © \i 5 © B -H c .. *“ a. SS 2 If M si a a, £ o ■2 a. H * g 1 s e « "2 & ■8 2 to 6 to 2 2 0 Group V Per pupil in A.D.A. 1 « ! H 1 i 0) 0) (») (') $23. 57 47.54 38.67 55. 77 76. 16 Total (in thousands) i a ! ! 1 (9 (9 (9 (9 $24, 025 53,815 47, 138 81,377 106,511 Group IV Per pupil in A.D.A. a oo «— ' O) co 0"> co co ocDcomocDOOOor^ O) CO* csi <£> CM* ^ Ift oo ^ *** cM^-mcor*. Total (in thousands) o $19, 899 14, 501 5, 650 13, 662 26, 960 59, 780 84, 976 117, 255 137,716 Group III Per pupil in A.D.A. o OOOinOfO^NCMO O OO CD CM 1 — OO O CM OO o’ co* cvi in' cd co in cm* •— • *— • m co co oo «/> Total (in thousands) ; 00 ; i $19, 537 12, 071 5, 004 9, 777 38, 989 111,244 137,413 148, 861 224, 048 Group II Per pupil in A.D.A. ! 1 fOFHCDCNOimOOO) | oo oo o cm csj in o oo oo 1 csi in cm in o*> o’ ^ cm oo’ 1 ^ ^incor>.rs. Total (in thousands) ! - $24, 103 10, 490 3, 488 8,915 34, 221 94,014 161, 174 205, 670 244, 143 Group 1 Per pupil in A.D.A. IS) $13. 09 5. 20 2. 30 4.04 18. 35 37.66 43.21 61.19 65.17 Total (in thousands) ' $66, 725 24, 663 10, 107 17, 622 81,923 174, 094 213,518 330, 861 380, 469 All groups combined Per pupil in A.D.A. 1 i M $11.73 5. 80 2.41 4.98 19.71 44.65 52.34 64.13 73. 68 Total (in thousands) 1 ! - $130, 262 61,725 24, 269 49, 976 206,118 492, 946 644,219 884, 024 1, 092, 887 loesi^j-to „ , _ _ ,■ m in m m D D Ch Ch CD O) CD D D LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 31 that the groups I and V city school systems in 1955-56 compared with 1951-52 have made, relatively, the greater increases in these expenditures. The group I cities showed an increase from $43.21 to $65.17, or $21.96 per pupil, and the group V cities an increase from $38.67 to $76.16, or $37.49 per pupil, or increases of 50 percent and 97 percent, respectively. The groups II, III, and IV cities had in¬ creases in 1955-56 over 1951-52 in the expenditure per pupil of 23, 29, and 34 percent, respectively. Debt Service Expenditures In 1955-56 the amount paid from current funds to redeem term and serial bonds by the school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more was $281,015,000. This total was greater by $131,972,000, or 88.5 percent, than the 1951-52 payments in redemption of bonds. Payments of $16,382,000 were also made from sinking fund reserves to redeem term bonds which had reached maturity, or were bought up in advance of the maturity date to reduce outstanding indebted¬ ness and interest charges. Compared with 1951-52, the payments from sinking fund reserves for redemption of bonds and interest in 1955-56 decreased by $3,238,000, or 15.6 percent. The amount of bonds that were refunded by issuance of new bonds decreased $2,429,000, or 47.0 percent, in the 4-year period 1951-52 through 1955-56 for all groups combined. Interest paid from current funds increased by $49,541,000, or 73.1 percent, while that paid from sinking fund reserves increased $3,644,000, or 92.9 percent, in 1955-56 over 1951-52 for all city school systems. Payments into sinking funds also increased in 1955-56 over 1951-52 by $4,329,000, or nearly 24 percent. The expansion of the school construction program is evidenced in the increase of expenditures reported for the debt service account in 1955-56 as compared with 1951-52, or earlier bienniums. The total expenditure from current funds only for debt service of $488,599,000 in 1955-56 by the 5 groups of cities, was greater by $170,125,000, or 53.4 percent than that in 1951-52. Redemption of short-term loans (borrowings made to meet tem¬ porary emergencies) which were carried over to the next fiscal year, decreased by $29,408,000, or 37.5 percent, in 1955-56, compared with the amount shown for the 5 groups of school systems reported in 1951-52. The increases for payments of interest and retirement of school bonds outstanding in the 4-year period, 1951-52 through 1955-56, reflect the greater amounts required for debt service on higher 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 o * e a = a 6 I Q) s 5. 1955-56 Percent 15 100.0 in oo kj- Mins O* CM* ^ CO* o-i CO m cm Amount 3 1 1 1 $512, 548 48, 973 281,015 117, 287 22, 460 16, 382 7, 567 18, 864 1953-54 Percent _ . 13 0 00T 21.1 48. 1 20.1 4.8 2.8 .7 2.4 Amount 12 1 s ! W' 1 (N a 89, 636 204, 350 85,417 20, 545 11,646 3, 002 10, 268 1951-52 Percent 11 0 001 ^jjopo o cm in co* co* o’ in* in — i CM ^ CM Amount s I $339,185 78, 381 149, 043 67, 746 18, 131 16, 788 3, 923 5, 173 g 1 2 Percent ' - ! 0 001 CMCOCOO hhh r^* O* OO* CO ^f* CM CM ^ ^ Amount ] CO $280, 599 76, 216 112, 976 51, 284 19, 504 11,516 3, 087 6,016 1947-48 Percent 100. 0 26.9 38.7 19.1 7.5 5.4 1.2 1.2 Amount to $241, 294 64, 946 93, 430 46, 059 17,971 12,919 2, 994 2, 975 1945-46 Percent IA 100. 0 ^■csjr^o cm o in in oo o’ to to cvi t— «" CM CM CM Amount $218, 575 55, 593 83, 548 45, 367 13,014 13,603 4, 271 3,179 1939-40 Percent e i i ^■oimrs in o o co cm co cm Amount le 3.- ■ Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools , by level , Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion * Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- viso ry instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTHEAST— Continued MASSACHUSETTS-Continued Group V _ _ 17 15 21 45 374 2 12, 123 Dalton _ 1 2 24 665 Dudley _ 1 1 15 501 Ipswich _ _ _ _ 1 1 8 31 1 993 Lee _ _ 1 2 4 1 16 657 1 2 2 14 476 Orange . ... _ 1 6 25 982 Rockport 1 3 24 540 Uxbridge _ . 1 3 3 27 891 Other cities (estimated) _ 9 8 11 24 198 1 6,418 NEW HAMPSHIRE Group II _ _ 6 19 26 17 360 11, 571 Concord _ .. _ 2 6 2 83 2,316 Manchester __ 2 19 15 14 193 6 776 Nashua _ . _ 2 5 1 84 2, 479 Group III _ 11 17 13 25 363 1 11, 337 Berlin* _ . 1 20 1 623 Claremont 1 2 5 56 1 824 Dover _ _ .. 1 5 1 5 36 1,608 Keene 3 6 76 1 688 Portsmouth _ _ 2 5 8 2 71 2, 355 Other cities (estimated) _ 3 5 4 7 104 3, 239 Group IV _ 10 6 17 165 5, 333 Exeter _ 1 1 17 468 Franklin _ _ 2 4 24 813 Milford _ 2 1 3 42 1,237 Newport _ 1 1 3 24 896 Somersworth _ _ 1 1 2 11 395 Other cities (estimated) 3 2 5 47 1,524 Group V _ _ 2 3 1 29 2 1, 395 Hanover _ . 1 1 1 18 2 652 Other cities (estimated) _ 1 2 11 743 NEW JERSEY Group 1 _ 32 89 170 577 3, 768 25 117, 475 Camden . ... 3 1 20 19 359 12 731 Elizabeth _ 3 17 26 257 23 7, 741 Jersey City 4 _ . 5 18 40 84 765 2 23, 873 Newark _ 6 58 41 359 1 554 47, 455 Paterson. ... 9 8 37 65 ’ 542 17 031 Trenton.. ... _ _ 6 4 15 24 291 8, 644 Group II _ 57 92 201 576 4, 242 19 123, 697 Atlantic City. . 2 4 11 32 202 5 900 Bayonne _ _ 3 4 11 35 280 6,711 Belleville _ 2 3 8 15 159 1 4, 290 Bloomfield _ 2 2 8 19 155 4, 076 Clifton _ 4 4 9 9 221 6,992 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 49 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar- Secondary schools (including junior high schools) tens)— Continued Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily 'lumber of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11, 286 59 8 24 144 121 4 5, 515 5, 064 15 620 2 1 16 9 559 506 1 459 4 1 1 4 5 182 170 1 943 4 2 11 10 2 328 305 606 4 1 1 8 9 284 265 1 422 3 2 7 4 121 106 1 913 5 1 8 6 322 292 1 511 3 1 4 4 265 243 1 837 3 2 2 10 10 534 496 1 5, 975 31 4 13 76 64 2 2, 920 2, 681 8 10, 156 39 6 9 132 142 1 5,806 5, 250 8 2, 110 9 3 34 42 1, 564 1,452 4 5, 864 22 6 2 59 41 1 2, 272 2,028 2 2,182 8 4 39 59 1,970 1,770 2 10, 108 44 17 12 163 166 6 7, 454 6, 625 11 532 3 1 15 17 1 614 547 1 1,754 7 1 21 8 1 602 567 1 1,416 5 10 3 18 19 829 706 2 1,563 8 2 36 31 1,501 1,373 2 1,955 8 2 2 26 44 2 1,778 1,539 2 2,888 13 5 3 47 47 2 2,130 1,893 3 4, 844 24 7 80 60 4 3,228 2, 862 8 428 1 1 17 14 1 717 659 1 739 3 1 10 8 1 356 317 1 1,138 9 1 13 10 1 599 484 2 808 2 1 10 6 329 305 1 347 2 1 7 5 305 279 1 1,384 7 2 23 17 1 922 818 2 1, 254 3 1 27 13 2 430 398 2 606 2 1 12 9 2 274 257 1 648 1 15 4 156 141 1 99, 664 194 51 60 1, 167 1,122 64 43, 105 38, 034 41 10, 928 29 2 8 124 152 12 5, 236 4, 622 6 6, 538 17 7 15 139 155 26 5,854 5,110 7 19, 609 29 12 4 176 209 26 7,615 6, 495 4 41, 182 60 25 13 433 365 14, 167 12, 873 14 14, 163 23 8 122 119 4, 584 4, 102 4 7,244 36 5 12 173 122 5, 649 4, 832 6 106, 348 249 66 75 1, 292 1, 433 49 55, 503 48, 777 52 4,868 12 1 4 51 41 1 2, 502 2, 035 2 5, 735 12 11 1 69 75 2, 284 1,927 1 3, 768 9 3 1 32 23 2 1,332 1,166 1 3, 505 10 3 4 69 83 1 3,210 2,873 2 6, 108 13 2 5 61 142 2 4,339 3, 924 5 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 >le 3. ■ Personnel , enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTHEAST — Continued NEW JERSEY— Continued Group II — Continued East Orange _ 3 4 9 49 209 6, 509 Garfield 2 7 13 88 2 883 Hackensack _ 2 4 5 108 2, 965 Hoboken _ _. 2 11 6 33 201 5 514 Irvington 3 5 9 31 204 5 700 Kearny _ 1 1 7 15 135 3, 704 Linden _ 2 5 11 36 162 4, 750 Montclair 2 3 4 17 143 4 208 New Brunswick _ 3 2 6 4 111 1 3| 088 North Bergen 1 6 21 153 4 496 N utley _ T _ 4 1 5 20 93 2,779 Orange . . _ 2 1 8 20 121 3, 805 Passaic _ 2 5 7 10 156 6 4, 853 Perth Amboy .. _ 1 4 15 22 156 4, 671 Plainfield 2 6 6 41 195 5 949 South Orange-Maplewood 2 3 9 10 134 3, 802 Teaneck _ 2 3 7 11 133 4,628 Union City _ 2 11 6 33 181 1 4, 942 Union Township 2 5 7 35 184 2 5,561 Vineland _ 1 3 3 11 85 3, 346 West New York _ 1 1 5 21 155 8 3,715 West Orange.. _ 2 1 7 8 118 3, 860 Group III _ _ 89 58 165 441 3,222 28 101, 519 Burlington 2 4 6 59 1,711 Cranford _ 2 1 4 9 89 2, 673 Dumont _ 1 4 19 66 2, 107 Fair Lawn _ 4 2 8 26 134 2 4,151 Gloucester City _ 1 1 4 38 1,423 Haddonfield _ 1 3 10 47 1,621 Harrison _ 2 2 2 43 868 Madison .. 3 2 12 57 1,677 Pennsauken _ 2 2 2 7 87 3, 374 Phillipsburg _ 2 2 0 8 72 2, 302 Pleasantville _ 1 2 5 9 58 2, 101 Red Bank .. 1 3 2 8 46 1 421 Ridgefield Park _ 1 3 8 49 1,406 Ridgewood. _ 4 2 7 10 94 7 2, 791 South River . 1 3 2 43 1,433 Summit... ... 1 2 5 6 70 2,090 Other cities (estimated) 60 39 111 297 2,170 19 68, 370 Group IV 99 17 138 256 2, 494 34 79, 005 Boonton 1 1 6 28 1 865 Bound Brook _ 2 3 6 41 1, 113 Bridgewater _ 1 8 13 80 2 2, 596 Caldwell _ 2 3 3 52 1 1,504 Fairview _ 1 1 27 791 Glen Rock . 2 3 3 5 52 3 1,490 Guttenberg _ 1 2 19 573 Haddon Heights _ 1 2 1 2 36 1, 167 Hammonton 1 2 3 31 1,058 Hasbrouck Heights 2 3 4 40 1,369 Keyport _ 2 1 5 26 922 Moorestown... 3 2 9 53 1,727 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 51 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5, 548 14 1 2 66 38 1,900 1,666 2 2, 566 7 1 2 23 35 2 948 831 2 2, 529 5 3 57 69 3 2,605 2, 293 3 4,384 6 4 1 31 35 2 1,280 1,092 1 4, 931 9 3 2 49 44 1,842 1,590 1 3, 337 15 4 1 30 42 1,376 1,037 1 4, 128 10 3 3 41 45 1 1,668 1,501 1 3,610 9 2 6 71 63 5 2, 580 2, 299 5 2, 569 8 3 2 44 75 8 2,619 2,268 2 3,855 7 2, 426 5 1 2 43 52 1,936 1,752 2 3, 271 8 2 1 23 28 1,013 884 1 4,145 7 5 6 53 104 4 3, 075 2,716 5 4, 041 10 3 2 35 37 2 1,445 1,296 1 5, 187 13 1 49 44 1,703 1,490 1 3, 394 10 3 7 88 77 3, 099 2, 786 3 3, 993 7 3 2 65 59 3 3, 107 2, 851 1 4,097 7 4 65 41 6 1,826 1,532 2 4,966 7 3 5 49 36 6 1,973 1,796 1 2, 860 17 1 2 39 44 2, 237 1,957 2 3,135 5 2 37 43 1 1,269 1,082 1 3, 392 7 4 4 52 58 2, 335 2,133 3 87, 700 267 52 95 1, 366 1, 298 52 57, 569 51, 475 61 1,526 6 1 19 23 2 948 855 1 2, 279 6 1 1 30 32 1 1,584 1,410 1 1,844 4 1 23 24 1 891 798 1 3, 587 8 2 4 80 59 1 2, 252 2,060 2 1,170 6 2 19 19 1 916 804 1 1,451 4 1 27 20 1 1,208 1,078 1 774 2 2 1 14 14 1 446 399 1 1,467 5 2 1 20 16 1 592 526 1 2, 795 12 1 14 22 1 1,050 953 1 2, 053 8 1 25 23 1 1,090 966 1 1,718 5 1 1 18 29 1 1,042 858 1 1,189 3 2 2 27 18 850 742 1 1,235 4 1 19 15 671 594 1 2, 457 5 5 8 52 55 5 2, 598 2, 393 3 1,280 3 1 21 17 1,044 920 1 1,812 6 2 4 38 38 1,616 1,452 2 59, 063 180 35 64 920 874 35 38, 771 34, 667 41 68, 949 212 6 62 961 922 51 40, 844 36, 400 56 741 3 1 26 19 1, 178 1 024 2 963 4 2 33 22 1 1,177 1,084 1 2, 290 8 1,286 4 2 31 39 5 1,571 1,404 2 694 3 4 11 324 290 1 1,314 3 2 6 18 3 511 468 1 503 1 1,045 4 1 22 25 1 1,237 1,091 1 913 2 1 14 8 1 459 405 1 1, 196 3 1 17 11 480 431 1 774 3 1 13 16 640 534 1 1,496 6 1 20 26 1 936 837 1 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 le 3. ■ Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classi teacl (positi Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTHEAST— Continued NEW JERSEY— Continued Group IV — Continued 1 1 2 3 31 941 Penns Grove _ _ 2 2 4 69 2 303 Pitman _ _ _ _ 1 2 6 40 1 l' 474 Prospect Park _ _ _ 1 1 2 13 433 Ridgefield _ 1 3 4 32 953 South Plainfield 2 3 50 3 1 796 Tenafly _ _ _ _ 3 4 4 57 1 l’ 498 1 1 5 36 1 293 Westwood _ _ _ 2 2 4 44 l’ 400 Wood-Ridge 3 1 28 768 Other cities (estimated) _ 64 11 89 165 1,609 22 50, 971 Group V _ 87 50 265 1, 678 3 54, 092 Bernardsville_- _ 1 2 17 580 Bradley Beach 1 2 22 650 Butler _ 1 1 4 20 591 East Windsor . 1 1 3 33 1, 112 Edgewater... _ . _ 2 3 20 389 Egg Harbor. _ . 1 2 19 508 Franklin 3 1 2 18 606 Garwood _ .. 1 1 3 23 550 Hackettstown. _ 1 3 23 810 Hillsdale 2 2 10 33 1, 196 Lambertville _ _ _ .. 1 1 3 14 492 Lindenwold . . 1 1 3 22 855 Little Ferry .. 1 1 25 824 Margate City _ 2 6 34 1 1, 142 Merchantville 1 1 15 409 Milltown 1 3 21 629 North Haledon _ 1 4 24 701 Oaklyn _ 1 1 16 474 Oradell _ 2 3 24 710 Park Ridge 1 1 13 478 Ramsey _ _ _ 1 1 6 36 1, 143 Rumson _ _ 2 2 13 439 Runnemede _ _ 2 3 25 1,020 Wanaque _ . _ _ 2 1 10 23 976 West Paterson _ .. 1 1 6 24 813 Westville. _ 1 2 23 630 Wharton 1 1 6 16 490 Other cities (estimated) _ 56 32 171 1,082 2 34, 875 NEW YORK Group 1 263 137 1, 146 2, 359 21, 976 117 725, 422 Albany _ _ _ _ 4 2 15 20 354 11,730 Buffalo. 16 20 69 246 1 757 51,381 New York _ ... 172 44 954 1,872 17; 595 106 591,671 Rochester _ 44 54 40 114 849 7 27, 737 Syracuse _ . 9 7 28 43 608 2 17,835 Utica _ _ 6 5 14 50 383 2 11,023 Yonkers _ _ 12 5 26 14 430 14, 045 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS’. CITIES 53 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principal's 1 (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Women 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 829 4 1 1 23 13 1 1 718 631 1 2. 004 6 2 18 18 1 * 851 746 1 s 1,312 3 1 18 12 1 610 525 1 386 1 830 2 1 7 10 316 291 _ 1 1,518 4 1 24 14 1 772 668 1 1,327 4 1 1 32 32 2 1,400 1,285 1 1, 155 2 i; 203 2 2 23 17 1 867 791 1 687 3 1 10 16 446 411 1 44, 483 137 4 40 620 595 33 26, 351 23, 484 36 46,667 130 37 543 549 8 22, 223 19, 760 39 509 1 1 17 16 766 689 1 519 1 504 1 2 37 34 1, 571 1,390 1 932 3 1 12 13 407 354 1 334 2 427 2 1 7 9 285 242 1 511 1 1 16 12 544 480 1 496 3 707 1 1 17 9 1 475 416 1 1,032 1 443 2 i 9 7 298 263 1 727 3 723 2 962 2 368 1 l 21 19 934 826 1 551 1 636 1 423 1 4 7 199 188 1 611 1 l 1 10 221 205 1 418 2 l 12 11 1 305 276 2 989 2 l 28 35 1 1,394 1,243 1 374 1 l 12 13 496 448 1 877 1 852 2 684 2 551 4 419 2 30, 088 84 24 350 354 5 14, 328 12, 740 25 619, 266 906 128 662 8, 597 9, 481 215 421, 785 352,914 282 10, 047 24 22 6 81 151 15 2.850 2, 402 5 45, 256 82 16 13 383 374 15, 584 13, 570 14 501, 504 679 21 583 7,403 7, 982 138 366, 409 304, 095 223 23, 881 40 48 22 383 310 10 13,772 11,870 10 16, 782 36 9 22 140 339 25 10, 357 9,679 17 9, 634 18 6 2 62 90 4 3, 369 2, 962 3 12, 162 27 6 14 145 235 23 9, 444 8, 336 10 243 244 247 248 249 250 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 le 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group 1 NORTHEAST— Continued NEW YORK-Contmued Group II _ Amsterdam _ 1 _ Auburn _ Binghamton _ • . Elmira _ Hempstead 2 _ Ironaequoit _ Ithaca _ Jamestown _ Kingston _ Lackawanna _ Lockport _ Mount Vernon _ Newburgh _ New Rochelle _ Niagara Falls _ Poughkeepsie _ Rome _ Schenectady _ Troy: Lansingburg District _ Union District _ Valley Stream: Elementary District No. 13. .. Elementary District No. 24... Elementary District No. 30. .. High School District No. 1 _ Watertown _ White Plains _ Group III _ Ballston Spa _ Corning _ Cortland _ Endicott _ Floral Park: Elementary District _ Central High District 2 _ Hornell _ Johnstown _ Kenmore _ Lynnbrook _ Mamaroneck _ Middletown _ Mineola _ Olean _ _ _ Port Chester _ Rensselaer _ Watervliet _ Other cities (estimated) _ Group IV _ Bronxville _ Dansville _ Dobbs Ferry _ East Aurora _ Elmira Heights _ Fredonia _ Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 86 84 198 388 3, 618 45 107, 095 3 7 7 4 104 1 2, 661 2 6 6 13 86 2,954 1 6 15 46 265 2 8, 228 1 4 10 6 148 5 4,824 2 3 6 21 104 3,152 1 4 11 66 1 2,484 3 3 7 5 91 1 2, 691 6 4 9 12 167 6 4, 781 2 1 8 12 138 3, 299 1 7 9 13 89 2,810 1 1 4 5 95 3, 162 9 3 10 13 258 6, 743 2 1 5 6 93 3, 009 2 11 24 250 5, 760 22 5 20 64 357 5 11,499 2 13 8 14 111 4 3,111 5 1 9 11 147 5 4, 274 5 6 17 20 278 3 8, 179 2 1 3 2 45 1,338 2 3 3 8 124 3, 807 2 7 30 147 5 5, 009 1 1 3 8 62 1,681 1 20 81 2, 555 2 1 2 7 5 136 1 4, 149 5 6 10 15 176 6 4, 935 116 79 217 322 4, 184 104 124, 506 1 1 3 36 1, 190 5 1 3 13 163 2 4,611 3 4 5 3 68 2,224 9 4 7 8 136 3 3, 532 1 2 6 58 1 1,631 4 1 2 5 7 77 2, 285 1 3 1 1 42 1 1,409 4 4 11 28 322 4 9,941 1 1 4 7 76 5 2, 092 3 4 15 96 8 2,714 1 3 6 2 77 2,566 3 4 7 80 3 2, 528 1 10 3 93 2, 474 1 4 7 7 90 9 2,866 1 3 1 42 1 1,283 1 1 5 3 26 750 75 51 140 208 2, 702 67 80,410 92 56 101 255 2, 422 42 69, 602 1 1 5 27 2 624 1 1 4 37 1, 187 1 1 1 32 1 859 8 1 3 4 72 1, 581 1 3 6 41 1,209 1 2 1 1 22 711 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 55 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar- Secondary schools (including junior high schools) tens)— Continued Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (post- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 92, 780 228 88 92 1, 571 1, 943 94 77, 362 68, 518 92 2, 327 10 2 4 34 62 6 2,100 1,885 2 2, 503 6 6 3 29 57 3 2, 026 1,770 6 7,215 14 3 2 67 190 5 6,218 5, 436 8 4, 201 11 8 2 60 112 3 3,584 3,214 6 2, 707 7 5 2 49 54 2, 747 2, 329 1 2, 204 9 2 32 45 2 1,448 1,326 5 2,335 7 3 2 51 54 6 2,510 2, 246 2 4, 117 9 3 5 49 85 6 2, 932 2, 647 4 2,716 8 1 47 63 2 927 2 580 2 2,445 7 3 3 37 32 3 1,’ 671 l[ 490 3 2,713 5 3 6 48 37 3 1,940 1,704 3 6, 087 11 2 5 108 128 4, 586 4, 130 6 2, 564 7 3 4 49 65 7 2, 748 2,467 3 5, 016 11 6 6 106 87 3, 891 3,501 3 10, 031 23 8 13 180 173 5 7,297 6,443 7 2, 702 8 6 3 35 56 7 2, 421 2, 063 1 3, 699 10 5 4 43 76 7 2,851 2, 524 4 6, 976 18 8 7 121 179 10 5,914 5, 205 7 1,149 4 3 2 17 24 4 1,028 900 2 3, 238 10 6 8 48 81 1 2,443 2,081 1 4, 405 4 1,442 4 2,236 3 4 242 126 9 8 273 7 456 Q 3, 522 13 4 3 31 75 3 2, 346 2, 038 3 4, 230 9 1 1 88 82 4 3, 461 3, 083 4 107,732 364 107 104 2, 070 2, 214 172 96, 192 86, 854 79 1,051 6 2 12 17 1 687 622 2 4,013 41 3 3 49 58 3 2, 583 2, 322 3 1, 765 5 1 2 26 37 1,277 1, 144 1 3, 157 8 4 4 47 59 8 2, 452 2,212 3 1,407 2 11 3 228 13i 9 8, 045 7,456 1 1, 953 6 2 1 20 33 794 723 1 1,226 5 2 2 14 29 3 920 825 2 8,739 11 4 6 109 96 8 5,083 4, 522 3 1,805 4 1 2 25 34 2 1,305 1,182 1 2, 328 4 3 2 45 44 8 1,852 1,693 2 2, 129 7 4 2 32 43 2 1,872 1,634 2 2, 172 4 1 3 40 49 9 1,990 1,840 2 2, 133 10 1 33 40 1 733 1 543 1 2, 535 7 1 2 31 52 5 045 l’ 532 2 1, 124 4 1 5 27 2 618 547 1 618 5 1 1 17 35 1 1,112 964 1 69, 577 235 69 67 1,337 1,430 111 62, 124 56, 093 51 60, 838 202 36 70 1,064 1, 156 87 43, 165 39, 500 67 545 1 1 1 22 17 4 619 565 1 983 1 1 18 16 1 660 616 1 729 1 1 21 12 1 523 487 1 1,352 3 2 38 29 2 1,003 917 1 1,070 5 1 18 18 1 755 697 1 657 2 1 1 12 15 530 499 1 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 509375 O — 59 - 5 56 Tal 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 I 353 354 ! 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 | 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 ! 382 383 | 384 385 386 387 | 388 389 * 390 391 392 393 394 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 >le 3.- ■ Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- viso ry instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTHEAST— Continued NEW YORK-Continued Group IV — Continued 2 1 9 17 1 748 Herkimer _ 1 1 2 4 53 1 1,412 1 lion _ 1 3 3 5 38 1 163 Lancaster _ 1 2 4 8 61 l| 854 Malverne _ 2 2 3 5 59 1 716 Mechanicsville _ 2 2 2 1 41 1 l] 070 Norwich _ _ 2 1 1 53 2 1, 506 2 3 4 50 1 608 Penn Yan 1 2 5 45 1 l’ 568 Potsdam _ 1 6 39 l’ 053 Salamanca . _. _ 2 1 1 4 43 1 1,229 Scotia _ 2 2 5 10 83 5 2, 285 Tuckahoe 1 1 4 25 579 Waverly 1 1 4 27 896 Other cities (estimated) _ 59 36 65 164 1,557 27 44, 744 Group V. _ . 56 9 49 174 1, 596 36 49, 150 Bald winsville _ 1 1 7 69 2, 071 Brockport... _ 1 1 2 30 1 857 Canajoharie _ 1 2 32 844 Canastota _ 1 1 1 5 40 1 1,322 Canisteo _ _ 1 1 27 845 Corinth. __ 1 1 32 839 Croton-on-Hudson _ 1 1 3 28 1 838 East Syracuse 1 2 2 33 898 Farmingdale 2 3 17 104 4 4 028 Fort Edward _ 3 2 20 609 Gouverneur _ 6 2 5 58 1,556 Green Island _ 1 7 226 Highland Falls _ 1 1 18 488 Homer _ 1 40 1,305 Irvington _ ... 1 1 3 16 656 Monticello _ ... 1 1 3 28 841 Perry _ 1 1 8 30 999 Pleasantville _ 1 2 3 36 906 Sea Cliff _ 2 3 7 65 5 1,520 Silver Creek _ 1 3 17 587 Sloan (P.O. Buffalo) 1 3 5 28 1, 151 Spring Valley _ . 3 1 8 62 4 2, 097 Springville (Griffith Institute) 2 6 48 1,308 Suffern _ 3 2 7 50 8 1,341 Walden _ 1 1 1 26 964 Warsaw. . . _. 1 26 721 Waterford... 1 1 16 406 Waterloo _ 1 2 10 39 1,331 Westfield _ . 1 1 4 27 840 Other cities (estimated). . 19 3 17 59 544 12 16, 756 PENNSYLVANIA Group 1 78 98 316 912 6, 461 260 260, 649 Allentown _ 5 6 14 28 270 5 9, 171 Erie _ 3 5 12 21 358 11 12, 759 Philadelphia _ 45 56 199 653 4, 005 176 175, 174 Pittsburgh _ 21 18 64 192 1.228 48 45, 004 Reading _ ... 2 8 8 10 287 8, 991 Scranton _ 2 5 19 8 313 20 9, 550 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 57 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955—56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posil Men room hers tions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools 9 10 li 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 627 1 1 18 14 2 643 574 1 342 1,263 4 1 15 12 1 460 426 1 343 1,036* 4 2 1 12 32 1 798 744 1 344 1,639 5 1 20 24 1 969 879 1 345 1,568 3 2 1 31 21 1 1, 128 1,064 1 346 948 4 1 1 11 25 2 784 725 1 347 1,307 11 2 17 23 4 927 834 1 348 1,400 3 2 1 19 17 856 774 1 349 1,362 5 1 1 24 32 2 960 869 3 350 916 3 1 1 11 19 1 689 607 1 351 1,048 6 1 1 12 11 1 782 697 1 352 1,977 5 1 3 31 31 5 1,142 1,049 2 353 496 1 1 11 17 1 421 377 1 354 805 4 2 19 28 767 707 2 355 39, 110 130 23 45 684 743 56 27, 749 25. 393 43 356 41, 771 152 5 50 714 651 78 29, 240 25, 874 56 357 1,728 9 3 23 29 2 1,152 1,021 2 358 717 3 1 12 16 2 675 595 1 359 731 4 1 12 14 1 520 445 1 360 1,129 4 1 12 17 2 699 606 2 361 717 1 1 13 10 2 499 451 1 362 744 8 1 8 5 1 501 450 1 363 723 2 1 21 9 2 526 482 1 364 762 2 1 11 23 1 746 662 1 365 3, 366 3 2 42 18 3 1,543 1,320 2 366 534 3 1 7 13 331 298 1 367 1,442 6 1 15 23 3 977 896 2 368 197 1 1 5 11 1 192 175 2 369 395 5 1 11 11 378 331 1 370 1,102 4 1 1 12 19 2 744 660 2 371 555 1 1 11 9 1 318 288 1 372 683 1 22 8 1 650 596 1 373 876 6 1 15 16 601 533 1 374 783 2 1 2 26 16 4 1,001 904 2 375 1,350 3 1 23 21 6 950 910 1 376 513 1 1 12 6 1 437 389 1 377 990 3 1 11 13 1 606 498 1 378 1,680 7 1 1 31 23 5 1,187 1,034 1 3/9 1,092 6 2 24 9 1 758 663 2 380 1,186 6 2 32 15 4 787 729 1 381 815 1 1 14 14 1 473 415 1 382 647 1 1 12 16 462 410 1 383 257 2 8 11 2 296 168 1 384 1,091 4 1 14 17 1 782 696 1 385 726 1 1 11 17 1 481 428 1 386 14, 240 52 2 17 244 222 27 9, 968 8, 821 19 387 210, 018 398 83 188 2, 941 2, 517 245 131, 054 119, 322 94 388 8, 274 22 5 11 166 107 8 6, 305 5, 893 5 389 11, 120 22 7 15 160 160 16 7,659 6, 888 7 390 132, 595 194 32 104 1,837 1,481 216 80, 052 72, 603 47 391 40, 997 94 25 47 513 522 25, 551 23, 223 25 392 8,172 28 7 6 147 88 5 5, 394 4, 948 5 393 8, 860 38 7 5 118 159 6, 093 5, 767 5 394 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTHEAST — Continued PENNSYLVANIA— Continued 395 Group II _ 80 66 135 296 3, 463 15 110, 127 396 2 1 6 15 136 4 298 397 Aliquippa _ 2 1 3 5 89 1 3, 071 398 1 6 14 210 2 6,316 399 Bethlehem 3 3 6 14 176 6 757 400 Chester 3 3 11 30 195 6, 180 401 1 4 5 9 90 3, 107 402 Harrisburg _ 7 4 6 8 229 7,711 403 Haverford (township) 2 8 20 115 3,615 404 1 3 3 9 65 2, 229 405 Johnstown 3 _ 4 4 13 5 213 6, 409 406 Lancaster 19 3 6 15 179 5, 939 407 Lebanon. _ 1 1 4 89 2 2, 692 408 Lower Merion (township) _ 5 1 10 21 178 2 4, 306 409 McKeesport 2 2 6 9 167 5, 531 410 Mount Lebanon (township) _ 3 1 3 5 106 2 3, 553 411 New Castle _ 6 1 6 11 153 1 4, 185 412 New Kensington 6 2 1 7 66 2, 105 413 | Norristown _ 1 3 1 2 66 2, 405 414 1 Sharon 1 3 5 1 88 2,771 415 ' Upper Darby (township). . . _ 3 5 10 24 216 6, 502 416 Washington _ 1 2 4 1 79 2, 593 417 Wilkes-Barre 1 4 18 160 1 4, 760 418 Wilkinsburg _ _ 1 5 84 1 2,482 419 Williamsport _ 1 4 7 23 120 3 4, 423 420 York 3 5 10 26 194 6, 187 421 Group III _ 96 79 ill 278 3, 660 18 113, 623 422 Bradford 1 3 3 56 1,754 423 Bristol _ 2 1 2 31 911 424 Butler 3 2 2 20 99 3, 336 425 Chambersburg 3 1 1 11 50 1,869 426 Cheltenham _ 1 1 7 2 119 3 3, 349 427 Connellsville _ _ 1 1 1 4 40 1 1,197 428 Conshohocken 1 1 18 460 429 Coraopolis _ 1 1 1 32 850 430 Donora . _ 1 3 2 26 892 431 Dormont 1 2 38 1, 155 432 Ellwood City 2 1 1 2 40 1, 133 433 Franklin . _. . 1 1 6 53 1,658 434 Homestead... 1 1 16 504 435 Latrobe 2 1 6 28 993 436 Lemoyne 1 1 2 5 54 1,399 437 ! Lewistown ._ _. 1 2 1 7 49 1,528 438 Munhall . _ 1 2 1 40 1, 139 439 Oil City _ 1 2 4 6 60 1,936 440 Pottstown _ 1 4 1 8 87 1 3, 139 441 ! Pottsville 1 5 55 1,625 442 Shaler township _ 1 6 1 40 1,515 443 I Stowe Township 1 1 1 39 1,031 444 Tamaqua _ 1 1 26 945 445 Uniontown 1 2 72 2, 002 446 Waynesboro 3 .. 1 1 2 37 1, 148 447 West Chester _ 2 2 3 47 1 1,403 448 j Other cities (estimated) 63 52 73 183 2, 408 12 74, 752 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 59 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non-! Enroll- ! Average Super- Principals teachers super¬ ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory | (boys daily j of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) j ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 ll 12 13 s 14 15 16 17 18 97, 667 310 68 101 1, 886 1,783 ' 78 82,081 ' 75, 200 75 ! 395 3, 974 10 6 5 70 57 2,763 2, 588 3 396 2,638 8 1 3 47 45 3 2, 199 1,955 2 397 5,616 24 4 4 101 119 3 5,312 4,822 3 398 6, 031 19 3 7 137 73 8 5, 145 4, 732 5 399 5, 552 14 3 4 83 91 3, 348 3, 065 3 400 2, 972 1 1 3 60 51 2,155 2,086 3 401 6, 602 19 4 142 86 16 5, 064 4, 547 4 402 3,213 7 4 65 55 2, 647 2, 465 2 403 2 i 043 8 4 3 57 58 2 2, 260 2,113 3 404 5, 730 25 5 4 69 126 4. 361 3, 978 4 405 5,157 14 5 4 91 71 2 3,424 3, 098 3 406 2,461 10 4 62 44 3 2, 326 2,226 4 407 3, 956 10 2 5 87 77 7 3,319 3, 178 3 408 4, 934 14 1 5 56 66 3, 522 3,262 4 409 2, 956 6 1 5 51 61 6 2,991 2,731 2 410 3,759 11 2 5 68 92 7 3, 822 3, 428 3 411 1,846 10 3 2 41 51 2, 223 2,018 3 412 2,032 6 5 4 66 61 2, 784 2,509 3 413 2, 498 9 2 3 45 52 2 1,982 1,836 2 414 5, 627 12 2 2 99 77 10 3,775 3,460 2 415 2, 261 7 3 4 22 34 1 1,402 1,234 1 416 4, 191 21 6 6 75 115 4 4,136 3,693 3 417 2, 336 5 2 39 49 2 2 068 1 984 2 418 3, 748 10 5 134 78 2 4’ 389 3! 930 4 419 5, 534 20 9 4 119 94 4, 664 4, 262 4 420 101, 784 403 35 143 2, 233 1, 973 119 101, 732 94, 571 126 421 1,526 6 1 2 40 47 2 2, 057 1,847 2 422 864 5 1 16 19 2 763 670 1 423 3, 165 10 3 52 53 2,911 2, 828 2 424 1,683 6 425 2,881 7 3 57 41 4 2, 230 2,048 3 426 1,101 5 1 34 26 1 1,709 1,595 1 427 434 1 1 13 17 1 538 489 1 428 769 3 2 13 19 3 802 753 2 429 787 3 2 25 20 2 918 852 2 430 996 2 1 15 16 1 635 585 1 431 1,060 4 1 35 31 2 1,760 1,686 1 432 1,558 10 1 19 24 1,099 1, 044 1 433 413 2 3 36 20 2 870 766 3 434 886 5 2 26 18 2 1,205 1,141 1 435 1,259 5 1 20 15 824 772 1 436 1,363 5 1 2 35 31 2 1,551 1,432 1 437 1,055 4 1 3 37 34 3 1,651 1,598 3 438 1,651 7 4 2 37 29 2 1,574 1,427 2 439 2, 778 7 1 2 48 34 2 1,983 1,832 2 440 1,409 10 2 2 34 34 2 1,477 1,341 2 441 1,315 6 1 1 30 24 2 1,364 1,248 1 442 940 6 1 23 18 1 049 993 1 443 836 6 1 2 17 11 1,020 936 2 444 1,886 7 4 38 42 2, 063 1,959 3 445 1,035 5 2 20 13 828 766 2 446 1,171 1 4 44 39 6 1,922 1,745 2 447 66, 963 265 23 94 1,469 1,298 78 66, 929 62,218 83 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 le 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. City, by region, State, and group Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Elementary schools (including kindergartens) Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- viso ry instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NORTHEAST— Continued PENNSYLVANIA — Continued Group IV _ 86 21 33 169 1,900 3 58, 889 Ashland . _ ... 1 17 423 1 1 1 21 621 Clearfield _ 1 2 11 78 2 583 Clifton Heights 1 1 1 17 505 Crafton _ _ 1 17 534 East Pittsburgh 1 13 381 Etna 1 3 14 334 Exeter ... __ _ 1 1 2 15 405 Forest Hills 2 1 2 23 952 Forty Fort _ _ _ _ .. 1 24 665 Hollidaysburg 1 20 647 Kittanning 1 1 1 35 979 Lehighton 3 _ 1 21 698 Lewisburg 1 1 17 418 Media _ _ _ _ . ._ 1 1 4 22 545 Midland _ . 1 1 1 2 22 678 Minersville 1 12 392 Monongahela... 1 32 976 Nanty-Glo 3 1 3 16 676 Narbeth 1 5 16 423 Northampton 1 1 2 22 703 Oakmont 1 1 1 26 1 778 Palmyra 1 1 25 839 St. Clair _ 1 2 9 367 South Williamsport 1 3 1 24 715 Tarentum 1 2 21 705 West Hazleton 1 1 6 12 523 Wilson 1 8 50 1,401 Other cities (estimated) _ 57 14 22 112 1,259 2 39, 023 Group V _ _ 58 2 5 40 717 3 22, 846 Aspinwall _ . _ _ 1 1 1 15 377 Avoca . . 1 1 13 380 Bentleyville 1 11 283 Catasauqua . ... __ _ 1 1 1 24 868 Coplay. _ _ . . 1 1 5 191 Dupont 1 1 7 240 East Lansdowne _ 1 2 11 261 Girardville 1 7 146 Hummelstown 1 1 15 558 Ingram 1 12 436 Leechburg . . _ 1 15 419 Lykens _ 2 8 264 Manheim 1 1 5 50 1,585 Renovo 1 9 255 Ridley Park. 1 16 561 Souderton _ .. 2 1 20 604 Southwest Greensburg 1 1 9 1 311 Summit Hill 1 7 267 West Homestead _ 1 8 234 West Wyoming 1 1 9 361 Wyomissing 1 13 451 Other cities (estimated) ...... 35 1 3 24 433 2 13, 794 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 61 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Women 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 53, 070 240 12 86 1, 322 1, 118 21 56, 555 52, 005 95 373 3 1 13 13 469 422 1 537 3 3 11 166 156 1 2, 325 17 2 2 42 26 2, 105 1,887 2 427 1 1 6 8 322 294 1 489 3 1 17 11 1 665 612 1 300 2 1 6 13 1 300 264 1 303 2 1 10 4 1 251 235 1 378 1 1 10 5 374 359 1 845 3 5 10 304 289 1 621 3 1 11 14 377 362 1 606 3 857 1 2 34 33 1,575 1,417 2 626 2 1 24 11 818 734 1 396 2 1 20 15 735 698 1 511 1 1 24 24 873 809 1 577 3 1 1 18 15 2 821 734 1 355 2 1 13 15 642 605 2 894 3 1 25 28 1,324 1,252 2 618 4 1 12 3 328 310 1 384 1 631 3 1 37 18 1,374 1,254 2 679 2 2 12 16 2 618 570 2 775 1 1 12 11 607 565 1 335 1 1 7 8 388 361 1 636 3 1 13 12 574 512 1 625 3 2 20 18 871 792 1 477 1 2 18 15 801 724 1 1,323 7 1 1 34 20 1,397 1,327 1 35, 167 159 8 57 876 741 14 37, 476 34, 461 63 20,498 91 3 30 457 381 5 19, 009 17, 667 53 348 1 1 14 13 501 476 1 348 3 4 5 203 182 1 264 2 1 9 6 397 383 1 796 4 1 13 10 612 581 1 174 1 6 1 217 199 1 216 1 3 4 147 132 1 229 1 126 1 1 1 6 126 118 1 474 1 6 3 174 148 1 383 1 5 5 203 187 1 378 1 1 11 12 702 652 1 243 1 8 4 225 210 1 1,444 7 1 21 16 969 899 1 216 1 1 14 10 482 433 1 491 1 12 17 1 613 567 1 564 3 1 20 12 822 781 1 263 1 6 4 1 162 141 1 236 1 2 8 6 258 236 2 209 1 1 5 4 137 128 1 316 2 4 6 262 246 1 404 1 1 12 7 320 301 1 12, 376 55 2 18 276 230 3 11,477 10, 667 32 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTHEAST— Continued RHODE ISLAND Group 1 ________ 7 6 23 35 543 3 17, 577 502 Providence _ 7 6 23 35 543 3 17, 577 503 Group II _ 16 15 59 80 941 7 30, 898 504 Cranston _ 4 2 12 6 202 5 826 505 East Providence _ _ 1 3 4 11 121 4, 396 506 1 1 10 28 127 4' 464 507 Pawtucket _ 2 6 17 20 184 6 5; 953 508 Warwick _ 7 2 16 1 220 1 7,441 509 1 1 14 87 2,818 510 Group III _ 12 15 21 26 314 3 10, 606 511 Bristol _ 1 2 3 27 2 834 512 Central Falls _ 1 3 4 29 1,005 513 Johnston _ 2 2 7 37 1,607 514 Lincoln 1 2 1 4 32 1 026 515 South Kingstown _ 1 1 3 1 40 1, 133 516 Westerly 2 2 4 2 44 1,465 517 Other cities (estimated) _ 4 5 7 9 105 1 3, 536 518 Group IV 3 4 16 134 4,475 519 Barrington 3 _ 1 3 7 57 1,918 520 Burrillville 1 4 32 1,065 521 Other cities (estimated) _ _ 1 1 5 45 1,492 VERMONT Group II _ _ 1 1 4 85 2, 685 522 Burlington 1 1 4 85 2, 685 523 Group III 3 10 2 8 126 3, 591 524 Barre 1 4 5 42 1,219 525 Brattleboro _ _ 1 3 1 42 1, 175 526 Other cities (estimated) _ 1 3 1 3 42 1,197 527 Group IV _ _ . 7 11 4 15 176 5, 594 528 Bennington.. _ 1 3 1 1 21 658 529 Montpelier _ 1 1 3 28 982 530 St. Albans 1 2 19 632 531 St. Johnsbury... _ 1 5 5 39 1,075 532 Winooski _ _ 1 1 19 649 533 Other cities (estimated) _ 2 3 1 4 50 1,598 534 Group V _ _ . . 5 6 3 3 96 2, 960 535 Bellows Falls. _ 1 1 1 2 23 603 536 Essex Junction 1 1 16 621 537 Windsor _ 1 2 1 19 552 538 Other cities (estimated) _ 2 2 1 1 38 1, 184 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 63 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Average daily attend- Number of schools Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend- Number of schools 10 14, 644 27, 109 5, 099 3,782 3,755 5, 237 6,802 2, 434 9,492 734 875 1,429 988 960 1,342 3.164 1,688 953 1,321 2, 340 2,340 3,271 1,136 1,045 1,090 5,070 560 956 575 977 553 ,449 2,571 508 530 505 1,028 218 218 272 272 11, 024 11,024 9, 626 30 17, 786 3, 830 2, 836 1,567 3, 874 3, 965 1,714 9, 626 15, 778 3,447 2,510 1,400 3,320 3,611 1,490 6,640 5,987 863 643 642 340 844 1,095 2,213 795 562 592 319 736 987 1,996 1, 242 1,122 1, 715 1,715 1,539 2, 857 878 1,027 952 2, 142 583 467 159 321 612 2,455 545 395 533 982 2, 651 836 931 528 434 153 278 557 2,212 494 352 481 885 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level , Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin- Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ istra- Super- Principals teachers super- ment tion 1 visors (posi¬ (positions) visory (boys (posi- tions) instruc¬ and tions) Men Women tional staff (positions)2 girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL 1 Group 1 (cities of 100,000 464 434 2,173 5, 418 37, 752 318 1, 460, 854 population or more>. 2 Group II cities of 25,000 550 410 1, 453 2,801 23, 477 316 774, 598 to 99,999 population). 3 Group III cities of 10,000 499 340 968 2, 180 16, 929 135 571, 704 to 24,999 population . 4 Group IV cities of 5,000 594 172 882 1,852 14, 353 134 486, 694 to 9,999 population). 5 Group V cities of 2.500 to 669 84 583 1, 625 11, 876 12 392, 894 4,999 population). ILLINOIS 6 89 66 364 1, 188 ! 9, 371 16 365, 606 7 Chicago 4 _ _ __ 81 63 341 1, 144 8. 979 392 352, 206 13. 400 8 Peoria _ 8 3 23 44 16 9 Group II 153 88 318 593 4. 992 131 158, 062 10 Alton . 5 19 16 215 10 7, 433 Aurora: 11 East Side District 3 3 9 19 129 6 5,010 3, 033 12 West Side District 3 7 16 91 Belleville:4 13 Elementary District 5 _ 6 5 11 100 3 3,479 14 High School District 9 Berwyn: 15 Elementary District No. 98 _ Elementary District No. 100 _ Bloomington _ _ 1 4 10 61 1,656 2, 801 16 6 1 7 11 91 17 1 11 20 132 4, 247 18 Champaign _ 1 17 30 164 4,417 5,251 19 Cicero: Elementary District 13 5 10 18 187 6 20 High School District 1 21 Danville _ _ _ 4 10 9 34 193 4 6, 680 22 Decatur __ 18 3 22 20 348 8, 989 12,419 5, 584 23 East St. Louis 11 9 10 25 382 5 24 Elgin _ ^ _ 2 5 18 18 182 Evanston: 25 Elementary District 3 12 17 35 273 82 7, 865 26 High School District 4 27 i Galesburg _ _ _ 4 3 16 125 7 5, 050 28 Granite City 3 12 24 183 6, 767 Joliet: 29 Elementary District 5 5 6 18 32 259 7, 083 30 High School District. 6 31 Kankakee _ __ 3 1 5 12 81 2,651 Maywood-Melrose Park: 32 Elementary District. ... .. 2 4 8 21 125 4 4, 098 33 High School District 3 34 Moline 2 6 15 37 219 6, 354 Oak Park: 35 Elementary District 6 9 10 22 222 5,001 36 High School District 2 37 Quincy. ... . 2 2 12 13 123 4,461 13, 522 38 Rockford _ 4 4 23 26 365 3 39 Rock Island _ 4 2 11 10 181 5, 450 40 Springfield _ 7 3 24 69 370 12, 194 Waukegan : 41 Elementary District 3 3 12 28 191 1 6,567 42 High School District _ _ 6 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 65 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom < Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily dumber of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) 1 tional staff girls) ance Men Women i [positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1, 270, 036 2, 109 262 606 10, 350 10, 816 519 537, 985 473, 762 394 684, 362 1,731 310 459 8,457 7, 931 381 381, 803 349, 274 410 503, 353 1, 510 139 405 6, 625 5, 642 292 288, 688 263,889 345 429, 468 1, 586 57 443 5, 682 4, 766 193 233, 956 214, 755 431 348, 938 1, 543 24 527 5, 533 4, 267 124 211, 362 195, 531 540 319, 686 390 44 50 1,744 2,506 19 108, 124 94, 357 50 309, 133 366 42 45 1,605 2, 365 101,925 88, 950 45 10, 553 24 2 5 139 141 19 6,199 5. 407 5 138, 359 397 66 58 1,580 1,424 75 66, 544 60, 320 54 6, 298 25 1 40 55 10 2, 224 2, 022 1 4, 307 11 1 39 24 4 1,527 1,316 1 2,837 7 2 41 35 4 1,647 1,588 2 2,995 11 4 1 37 40 2 1,826 1,608 1 1,412 4 2,324 8 3,952 11 1 33 39 1,096 1,051 1 4,203 18 1 43 43 1,299 1,227 1 4, 554 11 2 122 91 4,391 3,999 1 5, 841 21 1 34 33 4 1,882 1,641 1 8, 309 22 6 5 117 108 4,895 4,777 5 10, 924 24 3 6 95 51 6 3,368 2, 835 6 4,950 19 2 4 82 73 4 3,240 2, 968 4 6,356 15 23 1 69 57 10 2, 635 2,380 1 4,578 15 3 68 61 1,698 1, 545 5 5,615 14 2 42 35 1,781 1,709 1 6,464 19 5 2 83 59 4 2, 621 2,289 1 2,313 11 2 3 41 49 1 1,918 1,833 3 3, 469 9 2 85 64 5 3,736 3, 377 1 5, 999 22 6 4 45 48 2, 005 1,849 1 4,121 11 8 1 69 47 2 2 592 2,368 1 3, 636 12 3 2 50 58 2 2, 087 1,865 2 11,752 26 1 5 150 155 15 8, 500 7,515 6 4,725 11 4 68 74 3, 436 3, 097 4 11,215 27 3 3 68 86 4, 063 3, 599 3 5,210 13 1 59 42 2 2, 077 1,862 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- viso ry instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 , NORTH CENTRAL— Continued ILLINOIS— Continued 43 Group III _ 176 55 257 728 3, 855 81 125, 680 Blue Island : 44 Elementary District _ 1 5 7 9 60 1 2, 301 45 High School District _ 2 Calumet City: 46 Elementary District No. 155 . 1 1 22 707 47 Elementary District No. 156 1 3 22 846 48 High School District _ 4 Chicago Heights: 49 Elementary District _ 2 1 5 12 97 4 3, 597 50 High School District _ 2 Des Plaines: 51 Elementary District _ 10 6 22 121 4 4, 182 52 High School District _ 3 Downers Grove: 53 Elementary District _ 1 3 8 14 107 3, 692 54 High School District _ 2 East Moline: 55 Elementary District _ 3 3 5 15 67 1 2,354 56 High School District _ 3 Elmhurst. 57 Elementary District 1 10 39 148 4, 692 58 High School District _ 7 59 Forest Park _ .. 1 3 2 3 33 1,087 60 Freeport _ _ 3 2 4 12 112 3, 446 Harrisburg: 61 Elementary District _ . 1 3 1 15 49 1 1,723 62 High School District 1 Highland Park: 63 Elementary District No. 107 . 2 6 34 1 876 64 Elementary District No. 108 1 5 21 65 1,988 65 High School District No. 1 13_ _ . 2 66 Jacksonville _ 2 9 29 90 2 2,617 67 Kewanee _ 1 4 8 63 1,919 68 Macomb _ 1 7 6 51 1,475 69 Matoon _ 3 8 26 96 3 3, 326 70 Monmouth _ _ 1 3 5 8 1 45 1,443 Mount Vernon : 71 Elementary District.. _ 1 8 15 78 2, 670 72 High School District 4 73 | Park Ridge _ 4 “T 9 19 156 4 4, 998 74 River Forest _ 1 4 8 49 3 1,231 75 Wilmette. _ 4 4 24 102 11 3, 178 76 1 Other cities (estimated) 100 31 146 413 2, 188 46 71,332 77 Group IV 179 44 302 754 4, 035 76 137, 047 78 Batavia _ 1 i 1 4 1 6 37 1 1,448 j 79 Belvidere 4 2 7 5 79 1 2, 396 Bradley: 80 Elementary District 1 4 29 1,012 81 High School District 1 Carmi : 82 Elementary District _ 1 1 9 36 1,237 83 High School District. _ 2 84 Charleston _ 2 1 8 9 50 7 1,690 85 Chester _ 1 1 3 22 644 86 Clinton _ 1 1 3 14 52 1,615 87 1 Dolton _ 2 4 | 12 59 5 2, 510 88 | East Alton _ 1 3 15 44 1,606 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 67 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend- Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi- Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ Enroll¬ ment (boys and Average daily attend¬ Number of schools ance tions) Men Women tional staff (positions)2 girls) ance 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 108, 382 333 28 67 1, 282 1,068 81 55, 144 50, 276 42 1,864 7 6 43 37 12 2, 283 1,972 2 534 2 646 1 4 1 29 25 1,529 1,403 1 3,183 8 56 42 6 2, 538 2, 256 1 3,411 6 6 74 47 2, 907 2,758 1 3, 429 9 2 1 32 28 1,536 1,459 1 2, 051 6 1 31 22 3 1,393 1,247 . . 1 3,977 10 1 3 69 44 6 2, 700 2, 453 1 854 4 2, 927 11 1 3 45 38 2 1,099 876 2 1,566 7 14 19 788 749 1 762 3 1,806 5 1 42 40 l 1,656 1,029 1,573 924 1 1 2, 195 9 1 22 24 2 1,694 1,398 2,915 1,337 2, 522 5 1 1 12 18 660 612 1 8 2 13 12 452 435 1 13 1 29 23 2 1,086 970 1 1 5 1 15 11 620 562 7 3 1 28 32 1 1,570 1,492 1 4. 076 1,054 8 4 2, 667 6 61,514 189 16 38 728 606 46 31,298 28, 535 24 119, 413 443 13 66 1, 207 940 69 46, 458 42, 925 " 1,300 2, 085 4 1 8 12 1 395 370 ' 6 2 11 21 673 621 956 2 1 1 14 8 482 427 1 1,027 3 13 10 2 610 548 1 1,453 623 17 1 19 12 687 5,632 401 1 3 1 13 9 438 1 1,453 9 1 12 19 1 591 542 1 2,193 7 1,218 4 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3 .—^Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion i Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued 1 ILLINOIS— Continued Group IV — Continued Franklin Park: 89 Elementary District _ 1 3 10 54 1,738 90 High School District _ 2 91 Glencoe _ 4 4 3 13 48 3 1,599 Glen Ellyn: 92 Elementary District _ ... 2 6 12 96 1 2, 921 93 High School District _ 1 94 1 1 2 39 2 1 288 95 Litchfield _ 1 1 5 9 38 i; 156 96 Madison _ . 1 4 18 41 2 416 97 Mendota _ 2 2 9 28 ’ 949 98 Mount Carmel. . 1 5 19 58 1 823 99 ! Normal _ 2 8 9 73 2’ 436 North Chicago: 100 Elementary District No. 63 _ 1 1 2 19 601 101 Elementary District No. 64 _ 8 1 6 16 67 2 2,713 102 Paris _ 1 1 3 51 1 509 103 1 Peru 1 2 4 25 1 753 Pontiac: 104 Elementary District _ 1 4 2 40 1,016 105 1 High School District.. _ 1 Savanna: 106 Elementary District _ 1 2 13 24 741 107 High School District. . _ .. 1 108 South Holland 1 1 2 4 28 887 109 Sycamore 3 _ _ _ . 2 4 9 40 1,422 110 Taylorville _ _ _ 2 2 1 6 44 1 1,467 Zion: 111 Elementary District _ . 1 5 3 63 2,013 112 High School District _ 1 113 Other cities (estimated).. _ 122 30 206 514 2, 751 52 93,441 114 Group V _ 169 17 169 599 2, 813 3 89, 767 Bensenville: 115 Elementary District 3 _ . . 1 2 9 31 1,251 116 High School District 1 117 Brooklyn (P.O. Lovejoy) _ ... 2 2 14 350 118 Bushnell _ . 1 2 5 36 934 119 Carlyle _ _ 2 3 4 16 610 120 Casey _ ..... ... 1 2 8 25 791 121 Galena _ 1 2 15 468 122 Galva _ _ . 3 1 3 28 725 123 Geneseo.. _ 1 1 8 37 1,172 Georgetown: 124 Elementary District .. _ 1 3 22 663 125 High School District . 126 Harvard _ 1 1 8 26 1,153 127 Highland _ . 1 1 9 26 952 128 High wood _ 1 1 4 28 920 129 Hillsboro _ 2 1 19 56 1,660 130 Johnston City 4 1 3 5 36 1,028 Marengo: 131 Elementary District _ ... . 2 1 5 18 506 132 High School District _ 1 133 Marseilles...... 1 3 3 24 752 134 Niles _ 1 1 4 16 551 135 1 Oglesby _ _ 1 2 6 18 645 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 69 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,4# 4 89 2 79 22 9 2, 035 1,876 1 90 1,369 3 91 2,717 6 92 1 30 35 1,762 1, 688 1 93 1,119 3 1 5 4 4 297 271 1 94 1,107 7 2 1 15 9 442 426 1 95 2 066 5 1 13 10 570 515 1 96 905 4 1 15 11 466 451 1 97 1, 750 6 1 16 19 643 622 1 98 1, 942 10 1 16 14 2 590 531 1 99 498 2 100 1,993 6 101 1,335 4 1 16 18 1 755 679 1 102 602 3 103 974 4 104 1 14 10 492 432 1 105 603 2 106 1 12 6 328 291 1 107 827 2 108 1,336 3 1 12 11 427 406 2 109 1,206 7 2 29 21 2 1,241 1,103 2 110 1,863 5 111 1 22 18 858 826 1 112 81,418 302 9 45 823 641 47 31,676 29, 267 49 113 80, 090 450 3 96 857 771 30 31, 047 29, 207 93 114 1,001 2 115 1 21 11 652 596 1 116 333 1 1 4 11 1 220 209 1 117 901 7 1 8 8 284 274 1 118 549 3 1 7 7 245 225 1 119 756 9 1 10 11 326 310 1 120 433 5 1 5 8 306 283 1 121 611 5 1 6 9 265 256 1 122 1,040 14 1 15 9 1 439 428 1 123 635 3 124 1 5 10 310 278 1 125 1,074 3 1 11 5 360 335 1 126 810 4 1 8 8 1 301 280 1 127 660 1 128 1,578 11 1 15 10 1 577 562 1 129 961 3 1 10 8 1 422 410 1 130 421 2 131 1 11 7 1 361 348 1 132 735 4 2 11 6 267 252 1 133 453 1 134 602 2 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 ►le 3.- ‘Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level, City, by region, State, and group 1 NORTH CENTRAL-Continued ILLINOIS— Continued Group V — Continued Oregon: Elementary District No. 88 _ High School District _ Pinckneyville: Elementary District _ High School District _ Pittsfield _ River Grove _ Spring Valley: Elementary District _ High School District . — Staunton _ Steger _ Stickney _ Sullivan _ Tuscola _ Virden _ Watseka: Elementary District _ High School District _ West Chicago: Elementary District _ High School District _ Whitehall _ Zeigler: Elementary District _ High School District _ Other cities (estimated) _ INDIANA Group I _ Evansville _ Fort Wayne _ Gary _ Indianapolis _ South Bend _ Group II _ Anderson _ Bloomington _ East Chicago _ Elkhart _ Hammond _ Kokomo _ Lafayette _ Marion _ Michigan City _ Mishawaka _ Muncie _ New Albany _ Richmond _ Terre Haute _ Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) Staff for admin- Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ istra- Super- Principals teachers super- ment tion 1 visors (posi¬ (positions) visory (boys (posi- tions) instruc¬ and tions) tional staff girls) Men Women (positions)2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 2 22 726 1 1 1 1 2 16 443 1 9 16 55 1,614 2 5 20 730 1 1 2 2 18 510 1 1 2 13 401 1 1 8 34 1 1,581 1 1 2 17 390 3 1 9 31 1,126 1 1 4 26 817 1 3 8 26 820 1 1 3 27 692 1 1 4 5 33 1,129 1 2 3 25 629 2 3 15 385 1 118 12 118 418 1,963 2 62, 643 27 66 197 758 3,373 4 134, 493 7 7 24 119 437 16,652 5 12 26 103 392 15,880 2 2 24 114 582 4 27,352 6 36 104 309 1,561 57, 608 7 9 19 113 401 17,001 43 146 402 2, 157 1 88, 858 1 2 15 50 180 8,087 2 2 5 13 99 1 3,729 2 4 9 32 155 6, 027 3 5 11 23 135 4, 591 7 4 16 79 398 14, 756 2 1 13 19 153 7,251 2 12 16 104 4,408 3 2 6 12 102 4,268 1 2 5 15 82 3, 499 2 4 9 5 118 4, 059 3 3 17 86 240 11,642 8 4 7 10 72 2,885 3 5 9 24 126 5, 269 4 2 12 18 193 8, 387 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 71 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955—56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 678 1 i 10 6 322 291 1 419 2 l 11 10 435 422 1 1,539 17 2 14 12 512 493 2 '545 1 473 2 1 12 10 395 379 1 384 1 1 8 7 266 253 1 1,297 3 341 2 946 5 1 1 12 9 i 360 306 1 687 4 1 5 11 293 269 1 689 3 1 8 8 272 267 1 668 2 1 10 9 336 313 1 1,025 5 1 10 10 2 425 386 1 583 6 1 6 8 273 252 1 373 2 1 6 5 157 148 1 55, 890 314 2 67 598 538 21 21,666 20, 382 65 114, 466 178 24 56 904 824 32 40, 140 36, 106 28 14,420 25 7 12 149 93 6,879 5,964 5 13,913 29 3 115 93 4,784 4,421 3 24, 295 18 9 8 123 162 32 6,887 6,213 8 47, 543 87 1 26 399 401 16, 540 14,709 8 14,295 19 7 7 118 75 5,050 4,799 4 76, 013 176 35 46 938 810 28 42, 626 38, 064 41 6,825 16 2 2 65 39 2, 632 2, 500 1 3, 2S1 16 1 3 62 48 2 2,781 2,492 2 5,100 10 4 3 78 65 6 3,373 2,803 2 4,305 13 2 5 83 71 1 3,383 3,158 4 12, 348 16 2 4 111 109 5,235 4,481 4 6, 571 13 5 2 77 57 1 2,364 2,108 1 3,870 12 4 2 55 50 2 2,780 2,518 3 3,738 10 2 6 44 53 2, 578 2,319 4 2,900 9 2 3 49 35 5 2,397 2,175 2 3,528 8 1 2 56 47 2 2,947 2,695 3 9,902 15 4 3 73 33 3,249 2,819 4 2,709 7 3 2 45 42 5 2,883 2,641 2 3,735 12 3 65 61 3,338 3,009 4 7,231 19 3 6 75 100 4 2,686 2,346 5 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 509375 0—59 - 6 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 jle 3. •Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion » Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL — Continued INDIANA— Continued 20 20 80 190 975 38, 813 1 5 12 60 2, 120 1 1 4 8 66 2, 883 Goshen . _ ... _ 1 1 6 12 40 1,768 Hobart 1 4 13 59 2,282 1 3 6 8 48 2,066 1 2 3 13 40 1,770 Wabash 1 1 1 3 36 1,392 West Lafayette 1 3 7 41 1,244 Other cities (estimated) _ 12 12 48 114 585 23. 288 41 5 93 193 1,102 45, 543 Boonville _ 1 2 12 31 1,386 Clinton 1 1 19 687 Greenfield _ _ 1 3 9 29 1,278 Jasper 1 1 5 30 1,225 Kendallville 1 1 4 27 1,087 Lebanon.. _ 1 3 4 30 1,295 Madison 1 4 7 46 1,962 Noblesville 1 5 6 43 1,486 Plymouth 1 2 3 5 29 1,418 Portland _ ... _ 1 2 2 29 1,122 Rushville 2 3 5 22 871 Tipton.. _ 1 3 7 31 1,353 Whiting 1 2 2 19 674 Winchester _ 1 1 3 21 935 Other cities (estimated) _ 26 3 59 122 696 28, 764 Group V _ . _ 45 3 48 177 750 9 30, 363 Batesville . 1 1 2 7 356 Bicknell . _ 1 2 4 14 647 Columbia City 1 1 1 7 20 804 Dunkirk 1 1 3 13 629 Garrett _ 1 1 6 22 2 826 Gas City _ 1 3 9 37 1 1,497 Huntingburg 1 4 9 520 Mitchell _ 1 1 2 14 557 Munster . _ 1 5 19 795 Nappanee ... .. 1 1 4 31 1,007 North Vernon 2 2 6 19 838 Petersburg _ 1 1 3 11 472 Rochester 1 2 4 20 693 West Terre Haute 1 14 480 Other cities (estimated) _ 30 2 32 118 500 6 20, 242 IOWA Group 1 10 4 35 59 697 25, 114 Des Moines _ 10 4 35 59 697 25,114 Group II _ _ 36 54 128 193 2, 345 19 66, 570 Burlington _ 2 1 11 4 138 4 3, 395 Cedar Rapids _ 8 5 19 24 266 4 8, 779 Clinton i _ 4 3 7 107 1 3,312 Council Bluffs _ 2 3 15 1 ii 231 8, 342 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 73 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens) — Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 33, 148 112 10 28 443 330 8 18, 607 16, 777 23 1,871 5 2 32 26 1,538 1,409 2 2; 335 8 1 2 28 16 1 783 715 1 1,308 7 1 1 27 18 1,165 1,079 1 1,990 5 1 29 17 1,256 1, 152 1 1,946 6 1 17 14 664 606 1 i; 575 5 2 1 18 11 825 735 1 1,113 6 2 14 22 1 889 711 1 1,121 3 1 12 8 1 323 304 1 19, 889 67 6 17 266 198 5 11,164 10, 066 14 39, 683 136 6 54 540 423 8 22, 140 20, 786 49 1 166 3 1 10 9 498 481 1 659 4 2 2 15 10 570 555 1 1, 128 5 1 10 8 390 353 1 1 153 2 1 13 7 532 511 1 1,015 3 1 9 12 1 408 374 1 1 115 3 2 18 16 964 882 1 1,708 6 2 14 16 731 642 2 1 250 5 2 22 16 869 843 2 1,275 4 1 19 11 454 431 1 943 4 2 15 15 1 864 817 2 721 3 1 15 11 604 580 2 1,110 3 1 10 10 448 430 1 542 2 2 19 8 1 558 507 1 835 3 1 10 7 267 252 1 25, 063 86 4 34 341 267 5 13,983 13, 128 31 27, 552 90 6 39 363 324 9 15, 882 14, 796 45 287 2 1 11 4 266 248 2 583 3 1 6 6 247 224 1 731 3 2 1 9 10 1 493 454 1 580 1 1 6 6 265 243 1 753 1 1 11 12 1 620 609 1 1,392 3 1 9 8 501 455 1 477 1 1 7 5 266 254 1 519 2 1 9 11 406 375 1 698 3 1 5 8 286 263 1 922 3 1 9 6 258 239 1 733 2 1 12 8 1 498 441 1 424 1 1 12 11 480 465 1 640 2 1 11 9 538 498 1 445 3 4 4 170 164 1 18, 368 60 4 26 242 216 6 10, 588 9,864 30 21, 610 55 7 13 293 203 42 ! 13, 996 12, 640 13 21,610 55 7 13 293 203 42 13, 996 12, 640 13 59, 873 172 37 50 680 764 24 37, 720 34, 217 43 3,214 14 3 50 66 4 2, 282 2, 138 1 8,323 19 6 7 125 150 6 5,152 5, 065 4 2,981 11 2 3 41 51 3 2, 226 2, 064 3 7,409 15 3 2 44 52 2,377 2,068 2 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Clas: teai (posi Men sroom chers tions) Women Other non- super¬ visory instruc¬ tional stafl (positions)1 Enroll¬ ment (boys and f girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued IOWA— Continued Group II — Continued 227 Davenport _ 5 8 11 7 265 8,204 228 Dubuque _ 2 4 5 8 85 2 2, 636 229 Fort Dodge 4 _ _ 1 1 8 1 113 5 3,416 230 Iowa City _ _ 3 7 4 3 91 1 2, 324 231 Mason City 4 _ 3 5 9 30 148 3,481 232 Ottumwa/ _ 3 4 12 28 205 2 4,677 233 1 6 15 47 409 10. 059 234 2 7 12 30 287 7,945 235 Group III _ _ _ 11 17 47 50 704 5 22, 357 236 1 1 6 52 3 1, 599 237 Cedar Falls.. _ _ _ . 1 4 1 67 1 2, 060 238 Charles City 1 4 2 41 1,279 239 Keokuk. _ 1 5 4 7 64 2,212 240 Marshalltown 2 3 6 13 111 3,318 241 Muscatine _ _ _ 1 3 4 11 87 2,920 242 Newton 1 5 1 71 2, 262 243 Other cities (estimated) _ 3 5 14 15 211 1 6,707 244 Group IV _ 50 3 41 62 914 27, 701 245 Centerville 1 1 1 36 1 019 246 Clarinda _ .. . 1 2 27 844 247 Decorah 1 1 19 737 248 Fairfield _ ... . . 7 5 38 1,212 249 Knoxville 1 2 2 35 913 250 Le Mars .. _ 2 1 2 25 619 251 Mount Pleasant 1 2 2 32 1,085 252 Oelwein _ _ 1 4 4 30 886 253 West Des Moines 1 3 2 52 1, 589 254 Other cities (estimated) _ 34 2 28 42 620 18,797 255 Group V _ 41 9 38 82 831 25, 165 256 Belle Plaine _ _ 1 1 18 538 257 Bloomfield _ _ .. ... _ 1 1 19 511 258 Clear Lake _ 1 10 34 1, 194 259 Cresco _ _ 1 1 2 14 427 260 Eagle Grove _ 1 2 20 553 261 Hawardon _ 1 1 1 16 452 262 Independence _ _ .. 1 28 713 263 Maquokota .. .. 1 2 4 27 931 264 Missouri Valley _ 1 2 1 19 573 265 Monticello. _ 1 1 1 3 15 533 266 Nevada _ . 1 1 23 581 267 Onawa _ 1 1 1 22 665 268 Pella _ 1 1 3 15 484 269 Rock Rapids .. 1 2 2 14 438 270 Other cities (estimated) _ 27 6 25 54 547 16,572 KANSAS 271 Group 1 _ 16 17 114 189 1,499 68 56, 944 272 Kansas City 4 _ 2 4 39 2 396 16, 297 273 Wichita _ 14 13 75 187 1.103 68 40, 647 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 75 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 7, 180 16 5 6 108 95 1 4,999 4,370 6 227 2,314 9 3 3 41 50 8 1,963 1,730 3 228 3, 026 12 2 2 50 51 2,126 2,001 2 229 2 042 7 2 25 36 1, 134 1,054 2 230 3,126 11 1 4 35 31 2,329 2,173 3 231 4,329 12 4 4 25 27 2 2, 986 2,482 4 232 8, 929 25 6 8 78 95 5,184 4,645 7 233 7,000 21 5 6 58 60 4,962 4,427 6 234 19, 806 63 7 17 264 220 6 11, 397 10, 273 17 235 1,372 6 1 30 23 2 1,199 1,084 1 236 1,823 6 2 24 22 1 1,100 1,037 2 237 1 108 4 2 23 18 918 834 1 238 1,931 6 1 32 20 1 1,242 1,105 2 239 2 977 9 2 21 27 994 896 3 240 2,788 8 5 2 24 21 1,057 917 1 241 1 865 5 2 31 23 1 468 1 318 2 242 5! 942 19 2 5 79 66 2 3,419 3,082 5 243 24, 696 100 34 396 268 14, 946 13, 767 37 244 944 5 2 18 7 526 480 1 245 749 4 _ _ 1 12 10 384 348 1 246 702 1 22 11 590 552 1 247 1,065 5 1 11 14 556 505 1 248 779 3 1 14 9 661 604 2 249 564 2 1 13 7 576 533 2 250 974 4 1 10 11 515 485 1 251 756 4 2 13 9 528 500 2 252 1,405 3 1 14 8 468 418 1 253 16, 758 68 23 269 182 10, 142 9,342 25 254 22, 289 94 50 422 287 6 14, 031 13,088 44 255 488 2 1 6 6 228 213 1 256 448 1 1 13 12 472 434 1 257 1,042 3 2 12 7 415 388 1 258 364 3 1 9 7 320 290 1 259 476 2 2 12 9 514 468 1 260 425 1 1 9 2 212 199 1 261 593 3 1 15 6 1 429 389 2 262 822 3 1 12 10 403 383 1 263 529 3 1 12 8 319 315 1 264 477 2 1 10 6 324 301 1 265 509 3 2 10 10 359 332 1 266 593 3 1 6 7 251 237 1 267 449 2 1 11 4 331 314 1 268 396 1 1 7 4 1 214 206 1 269 14,678 62 33 278 189 4 9,240 8,619 29 270 49, 215 107 8 22 377 334 26 18,780 16, 215 22 271 13, 998 39 4 7 148 125 9 8. 596 7,406 7 272 35,217 68 4 15 229 209 17 10. 184 8, 809 15 273 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 76 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools, by level , Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued KANSAS— Continued 274 Group II _ 10 11 49 78 631 3 22, 657 275 5 4 13 19 156 5, 141 276 Salina _ 1 1 14 12 174 1 5, 865 277 Topeka _ 4 6 22 47 301 2 11,651 278 Group III _ 28 15 95 165 1,355 8 48,677 279 Arkansas City _ _ _ 1 3 15 62 2, 861 280 Dodge City _ _ _ 4 1 4 4 69 2 2,190 281 Fort Scott 1 2 6 41 1,287 282 Junction City. _ 1 1 5 3 81 3,592 283 Lawrence. _ _ _ 1 2 8 17 104 1 3,539 284 Ottawa 1 4 51 1,740 285 Pittsburg 1 1 6 8 77 2, 465 286 Winfield 1 1 6 13 57 1,797 287 Other cities (estimated) _ 17 9 57 99 813 5 29, 206 288 Group IV _ 14 l 31 91 436 14,913 289 Concordia. . _ 1 1 9 29 1,010 290 Hays _ _ 1 3 8 57 2,007 291 1 o 1 a 1 2 8 34 1,231 292 Liberal ...... 1 5 25 60 2,450 293 i Olathe 1 5 8 44 1,297 294 Pratt _ 1 1 3 39 1,219 295 ! Russell . 4 2 6 42 1,225 296 Other cities (estimated) . 4 10 27 131 4,474 297 Group V _ 39 56 89 646 20, 429 298 Anthony. 1 1 4 16 523 299 Cherrydale _ 1 1 12 521 300 Fredonia . 1 2 4 19 584 301 Galena _ ... . . _ 1 3 2 24 696 302 Garnett.. 1 2 2 14 455 303 Herington _ 1 1 2 17 531 304 Hiawatha 3 1 2 16 559 305 Hoisington. _ _ 1 3 4 23 771 306 1 Kingman ... 1 1 3 17 618 307 Marysville _ 1 2 2 24 573 Norton: 308 Elementary District 1 2 4 25 691 309 High School District 310 Osawatomie 1 2 2 26 855 311 Other cities (estimated) _ 25 36 57 413 13,052 MICHIGAN 312 Group 1 _ ^ _ 62 48 496 1,191 6, 071 140 251, 391 313 Detroit4. .. 37 40 428 1,092 4,878 83 214,938 314 Flint4 21 3 32 66 635 21,215 315 Grand Rapids 4 4 5 36 33 558 57 15, 238 316 Group II . . . 108 56 244 444 4,019 68 128, 217 317 Ann Arbor 6 9 14 137 4,300 318 Battle Creek 5 7 15 21 195 6,968 319 Bay City 4__. 3 5 15 32 169 6,616 320 Dearborn 4._ 4 7 28 62 357 28 12, 052 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 77 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar- Secondary schools (including junior high schools) tens)— Continued Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19, 577 50 6 12 144 136 4 6, 897 6, 258 14 4,441 13 4 44 57 2, 780 2, 483 3 4,962 15 1 3 40 27 1 1,377 1,219 3 10, 174 22 5 5 60 52 3 2, 740 2, 556 8 40, 383 108 8 35 375 350 22 14, 820 13, 260 27 2,319 7 2 20 15 913 816 2 1,873 4 2 25 16 4 592 564 2 1, 108 4 1 12 11 576 515 1 2,650 5 1 17 15 l 698 584 1 3, 061 7 2 1 24 23 2 1,076 954 1 1,451 4 2 14 14 607 554 2 2,140 6 1 1 15 18 2 710 634 1 1,551 6 4 23 28 756 683 1 24, 230 65 5 21 225 210 13 8, 892 7, 956 16 12, 899 41 11 129 100 6 5,156 4, 706 14 900 4 1 10 7 385 357 1 1,844 5 1 12 7 1 386 377 1 1, 103 3 1 14 8 481 439 2 1,926 5 11 14 1 546 474 1 1,064 5 2 12 10 692 629 2 1. 100 3 2 20 16 683 605 2 1,093 3 1 11 8 2 436 413 1 3, 869 13 3 39 30 2 1,547 1,412 4 17, 845 58 30 246 210 8 8, 299 7,676 33 454 1 2 1 7 3 1 196 183 1 464 i 2 1 7 10 230 211 2 531 2 1 7 8 318 302 1 648 3 1 10 4 279 247 I 1 398 1 2 1 10 5 271 256 1 460 i 1 1 7 5 220 209 1 497 ! 1 1 7 7 199 186 1 610 1 507 1 1 9 6 310 284 1 525 2 1 9 12 366 343 1 627 2 i 6 8 1 259 241 1 723 2 l 10 8 1 349 310 1 11,401 37 19 157 134 5 5,302 4, 904 21 206, 291 307 27 107 1, 861 1, 821 31 107, 342 89, 484 64 175, 633 238 14 85 1,446 1,426 31 86, 262 71,744 47 16,972 32 5 9 239 209 11,450 9, 160 9 13, 686 37 8 13 176 186 9, 630 8, 580 8 115, 140 265 56 89 1,857 1, 666 66 80, 623 73, 925 66 3, 851 9 3 99 84 5 3, 232 2, 994 3 5,767 15 3 5 96 64 17 4, 202 3, 625 5 5, 984 18 2 4 78 61 3, 452 3,083 2 10, 664 28 10 4 336 238 10,352 9,317 4 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. City, by region, State, and group Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Elementary schools (including kindergartens) Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posil Men ;room :hers Jons) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued MICHIGAN— Continued Group II — Continued 321 Ferndale _ _ 3 1 10 45 159 4 906 322 Grosse Pointe _ 9 2 10 28 178 12 5,607 323 Hamtramck _ _ _ 5 2 4 11 73 2, 435 324 Highland Park 4 _ 3 1 7 25 177 5 4, 364 325 Jackson 4 _ ... 13 3 15 25 221 6 367 326 Kalamazoo _ 9 4 14 21 275 9 8, 561 327 Lansing _ _ . _ 4 10 27 15 357 10 930 328 Lincoln” Park _ . 4 12 46 212 8,518 329 Muskegon 4 _ 2 4 10 3 192 4 5, 374 330 Pontiac _ 6 1 20 32 361 6 11,263 331 Port Huron 4 _ 6 4 5 5 131 4 4, 367 332 Royal Oak _ _ . . 13 15 36 329 10,254 333 Saginaw _ . . . 9 5 19 8 348 10, 671 334 Wyandotte _ 4 9 15 148 4,664 335 Group III _ 68 54 122 269 2,419 17 82,444 336 Allen Park _ 3 1 7 8 106 2 4, 587 337 Calumet Township _ ... 1 3 30 1, 135 338 East Lansing... _ . 1 7 4 4 45 1 405 339 Escanaba _ _ 2 6 43 1,404 340 Inkster _ . 1 1 4 5 66 2, 632 341 Ironwood _ _ .. 1 9 43 2 1,540 342 Menominee _ _ . 1 2 6 36 1,308 343 Midland _ 7 1 9 12 156 1 4,442 344 Monroe _ _ . 2 1 4 19 71 2,287 345 Muskegon Heights _ . 1 5 5 7 74 2,719 346 Sault Ste. Marie. _ _ 2 1 4 81 2, 160 347 Ypsilanti _ 2 7 15 103 1 3,479 348 Other cities (estimated). _ ... 44 35 79 174 1,565 11 53, 346 349 Group IV _ 73 17 131 193 2, 094 29 73,404 350 Center Line _ . 2 1 4 7 41 1,641 351 Clawson _ . 1 1 3 1 50 1,804 352 Dowagiac _ _ 2 4 2 33 1,316 353 East Grand Rapids _ . 1 3 3 45 1 1,414 354 Garden City _ _ 3 2 7 12 106 3 4,015 355 Kingsford _ _ . 1 4 4 30 1 901 356 Lapeer.. _ 3 3 51 2,030 357 Ludington _ 1 1 3 41 1,231 358 Melvindale _ . 3 5 17 77 1 3,043 359 Petoskey _ 3 1 5 28 852 360 South Haven _ . 1 1 34 1,093 361 Wayne _ 4 1 10 12 182 4 5, 827 362 Other cities (estimated) _ 48 11 86 127 1,376 19 48, 237 363 Group V _ 81 20 61 133 1, 382 46, 242 364 Bessemer _ 1 1 13 315 365 Boyne City _ 1 1 18 595 366 Durand _ 1 17 580 367 Eaton Rapids _ 1 1 1 3 23 881 368 Fenton _ . 1 1 4 24 1,055 369 Fremont.. _ . . 3 1 1 16 531 370 Grand Lodge _ . 2 2 3 41 1,519 371 Iron River _ 1 4 1 4 19 623 372 Marine City _ . 1 1 1 19 615 373 Munising _ 1 2 18 726 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 79 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar- Secondary schools (including junior high schools) tens)— Continued Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily dumber of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women i (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 4,472 10 1 1 37 38 2,935 2,674 1 4,644 10 2 3 89 75 4 3,641 3, 131 3 2,178 5 1 2 36 41 1,664 1,615 2 3,963 7 1 1 65 43 10 1,523 1,468 1 5,928 17 10 4 90 69 3,851 3,785 4 7,235 19 5 4 105 87 12 5,025 4,314 5 10,170 27 8 16 186 173 9,031 8,285 7 7,877 12 2 37 37 1,924 1,780 1 4, 744 11 1 6 92 87 9 4,213 3, 887 2 10, 280 21 2 12 129 144 2 6, 571 5,915 6 3,942 12 4 5 45 85 3, 065 2,802 5 9, 361 15 1 5 123 104 4, 537 4,451 4 9, 882 21 5 8 165 150 7 8,358 8,057 8 4,198 8 4 49 86 3, 047 2, 742 3 74, 285 218 14 65 1,332 983 68 54, 865 , 49, 631 Is 4,096 8 2 41 38 5 1,906 1,715 2 1,034 3 1 17 12 629 566 1 1,217 4 2 26 14 3 996 941 1 1,315 5 2 35 17 3 1,155 1,114 2 2, 382 5 1 2 20 26 1 1,290 1,236 2 1,400 4 1 22 13 739 658 1 1,215 6 1 32 12 1 1,111 1,016 1 3, 852 9 1 3 94 65 3 3, 603 3, 195 3 2,126 11 2 2 60 50 2. 621 2,248 3 2,357 7 1 2 47 24 2 2, 182 1,935 2 2, 037 6 2 36 40 1,513 1,427 2 3, 187 9 3 40 36 6 1,619 1,466 1 48, 067 141 9 42 862 636 44 | 35, 501 32,114 38 65, 184 262 12 73 828 779 35 40, 749 37, 427 73 1, 336 5 2 16 24 1,042 897 2 1, 747 5 2 13 20 902 872 2 1,166 4 2 • 20 16 1 1,086 954 1 1,298 4 1 16 22 1 815 783 1 3, 549 8 4 29 23 1,536 1,436 3 840 5 1 18 18 703 657 5 1,734 28 2 26 19 3 1,190 1,118 1 1,139 4 4 2 24 14 993 933 2 2,517 5 2 20 22 3 1,107 975 1 717 3 1 19 13 738 650 1 874 4 2 22 13 906 725 2 5, 432 15 4 61 63 4 2, 953 2, 832 4 42, 835 172 8 48 544 512 23 26, 778 : 24, 595 48 40, 768 181 6 68 931? 611 26 37, 306 34, 278 71 286 1 1 10 8 398 377 2 548 2 1 15 3 458 429 1 554 3 1 15 7 1 602 561 1 743 1 1 14 15 754 733 1 963 7 1 18 7 610 519 1 498 2 1 23 11 846 798 1 1,341 10 1 23 18 1,100 1,010 2 564 2 1 1 12 8 501 471 1 566 2 1 10 11 497 444 1 691 4 1 14 6 1 550 1 492 1 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 I 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued MICHIGAN — Continued Group V — Continued 374 1 1 4 17 684 375 Northville _ _ 1 2 2 29 897 376 4 1 1 31 939 377 Rochester. _ ... 3 1 3 7 64 1,916 378 1 2 4 40 1, 153 379 St. Clair _ 1 1 2 17 546 380 1 1 2 21 718 381 Other cities (estimated) _ 56 14 42 92 955 31,949 MINNESOTA 382 Group 1... 17 25 125 292 2, 208 23 82,931 383 Duluth _ _ . . 2 4 15 23 337 11,541 384 Minneapolis _ 10 14 61 148 1,151 23 44,877 385 St. Paul 5 7 49 121 720 26,513 386 Group II _ 5 8 18 9 214 2 6, 679 387 Rochester4 _ 2 5 9 4 no 2 3, 082 388 St Cloud 1 1 6 1 49 1,868 389 Winona . . 2 2 3 4 55 1,729 _ 390 Group III _ 32 40 58 50 1,208 20 41, 544 391 Albert Lea _ 2 1 8 4 111 i 3, 303 392 Brainerd _ 1 1 3 4 53 4 1,715 393 Faribault 1 1 1 2 38 1, 105 394 Fergus Falls _ _ _ 1 1 1 47 1,298 395 Mankato _ 2 1 3 3 64 1 1,887 396 Moorhead _ _ . . 2 2 4 2 62 2,133 397 Robbinsdale.. _ 4 9 6 6 161 4 6, 939 398 South St. Paul 3 4 4 3 68 2,392 399 Other cities (estimated) _ 16 20 29 25 604 10 20, 772 400 Group IV _ . . _ . 70 26 50 87 1, 224 15 40, 247 401 Cloquet 1 1 3 2 39 1,405 402 Columbia Heights _ . 2 3 5 52 2 1,982 403 Crookston .. 1 1 1 1 34 1,058 404 Ely _ 2 1 3 28 2 933 405 Northfield _ 1 1 1 4 40 1, 198 406 St. Peter 2 1 1 29 936 407 Stillwater _ 3 2 4 5 69 1 2, 288 408 Thief River Falls _ . 1 1 2 3 40 1,275 409 West St. Paul 8 2 1 3 49 1,378 410 Willmar _ . 3 1 3 42 1,425 Other cities (estimated) _ .. 46 17 33 57 802 10 26, 369 411 Group V _ 43 25 12 764 22, 969 412 Benson.. ._ 2 1 17 547 413 Crosby _ . 1 1 2 27 709 414 Hutchinson. . _ 2 1 23 801 415 Jackson. _ 1 1 1 15 483 416 Lake City _ 1 1 23 567 417 Laverne 1 1 25 794 418 Morris _ 1 1 20 581 See footnotes at end of table LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 81 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 620 1 1 1 17 11 2 614 532 1 777 2 2 14 12 1 644 580 1 • 882 1 2 16 10 745 712 1 1 437 8 2 41 29 1 295 1 152 1 972 5 1 16 10 2 767 ’709 3 484 1 1 15 13 1 539 499 1 675 4 2 15 10 611 577 2 28, 167 125 4 47 643 422 18 25, 775 23, 683 49 74, 276 170 30 54 890 1,043 144 50, 139 45, 198 44 10, 453 29 8 10 147 160 9 7,869 7, 124 8 39, 352 76 16 31 522 590 68 28, 669 25, 571 22 24, 471 65 6 13 221 293 67 13, 601 12, 503 14 5, 920 18 3 8 153 104 9 6, 083 5, 494 6 2, 733 9 4 58 40 4 2, 842 2, 597 2 1,651 6 2 49 33 1,579 1,392 2 1,536 3 3 2 46 31 5 1,662 1,505 2 36, 810 116 12 36 632 530 26 27, 880 25, 374 46 3, 060 13 2 48 41 2 2, 097 1,906 1 1,412 6 2 37 39 2 1,834 1,671 2 950 6 1 1 36 23 1 1,111 1,005 1 1,175 6 1 2 27 29 2 1,137 1,010 1 1,679 5 3 37 36 3 1,503 1,379 3 1,868 7 2 41 25 1,477 1,366 2 6, 105 9 3 51 47 1 3,122 2, 839 11 2,156 6 4 3 39 25 2 1,659 1,511 2 18, 405 58 6 18 316 265 13 13, 940 12, 687 23 35, 179 159 9 46 693 597 26 28, 878 25, 790 38 1,238 4 2 26 20 1 1,001 903 1 1,728 4 2 30 16 1 1,249 1,099 1 946 5 2 15 15 2 677 617 1 850 2 1 25 18 836 764 1 1,079 8 1 1 22 20 893 825 1 835 4 1 20 5 442 414 1 1,830 14 2 2 34 30 4 1,476 1,181 3 1,142 4 1 22 22 1 1,028 921 1 1,217 6 2 17 33 1 029 939 2 1,266 4 2 28 27 1 327 1 230 1 23, 048 104 6 30 454 391 17 18, 920 16, 897 25 20, 607 96 3 49 597 346 9 21, 253 19, 615 40 481 1 2 21 9 695 637 1 640 2 2 22 10 1 795 735 1 717 1 1 13 21 770 715 2 424 1 1 21 8 629 590 1 527 9 1 10 8 1 551 496 1 732 1 2 13 11 490 464 2 515 2 2 15 12 599 554 1 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 >le 3.- • Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women l 2 3 4 5 6 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued MINNESOTA— Continued Group V — Continued Park Rapids _ Staples _ Waseca _ Windom _ Other cities (estimated) _ MISSOURI 2 1 1 1 29 28 13 33 23 517 Group I _ Kansas City 4 _ St. Louis 4 _ Group II Columbia _ Independence _ Jefferson City 4 _ Joplin _ St. Joseph 4 _ Springfield _ University City _ Group III Cape Girardeau _ Fulton _ Kirksville _ Kirkwood _ Maplewood-Richmond Heights Mexico _ Moberly _ Sikeston _ Other cities (estimated) _ Group IV _ Brookfield _ Caruthersville _ Clinton _ Flat River _ Ladue _ Marshall _ Nevada _ . Rolla _ Warrensburg _ Webb City _ Other cities (estimated) _ Group V _ Bolivar _ Bonne Terre _ Cameron _ Crystal City _ Dexter _ Hayti _ Jackson _ Lamar _ 59 18 41 29 4 3 2 3 5 9 3 31 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 18 34 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 22 58 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 81 5 76 17 2 2 2 7 4 43 1 1 2 3 4 3 3 1 25 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 14 169 71 98 97 6 11 7 9 24 30 10 316 110 206 108 5 23“ 8 23 5 44 85 5 2 4 10 6 4 5 49 67 2 1 3 7 5 4 2 43 89 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 143 9 3 4 18 6 8 3 9 83 78 2 3 3 4 7 1 2 2 4 50 147 2 1 3 6 2 3,490 1,312 2, 178 1, 253 91 160 94 144 298 241 225 1, 432 78 35 54 185 65 62 53 71 829 1, 103 26 48 29 24 86 35 41 47 28 30 709 1, 701 30 19 24 16 33 38 35 17 Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 7 15 15 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 929 370 945 705 15, 538 126, 640 52,715 73, 925 45, 977 2, 887 6,135 2, 726 4,713 9, 354 13, 452 6.710 43,771 2,623 977 1,605 5, 577 1,759 1,971 1,634 2,284 25, 341 35, 484 1,748 1,016 909 1,939 955 1,452 1,645 1,006 1, 138 22,811 56, 481 575 679 507 1,341 1,486 1, 197 623 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 83 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955— 56— Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Women 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 832 2 1 23 8 495 445 1 330 2 1 19 6 1 634 577 1 848 9 1 1 20 7 594 555 1 621 1 2 16 12 624 578 1 13, 940 65 2 33 404 234 6 14, 377 13, 269 27 112, 639 234 37 62 776 838 15 31, 670 29, 166 30 44, 817 82 17 29 397 415 15, 038 12, 896 19 67, 822 152 20 33 379 423 15 16, 632 16, 270 11 38, 309 105 12 28 298 406 28 15, 631 13, 735 27 2,566 7 3 27 29 1, 107 988 3 5,304 12 2 3 17 41 1,729 1,538 3 2, 396 7 2 16 27 2 908 834 2 3,419 16 7 51 73 2 3,313 2, 888 7 8, 127 24 3 49 59 2, 822 2,494 4 10, 565 30 7 7 89 127 24 3, 771 3,170 5 5, 932 9 3 3 49 50 1,981 1,823 3 38, 596 112 21 29 298 409 17 16, 528 14, 856 26 2,308 5 2 1 15 25 908 788 1 864 5 1 10 15 565 516 1 1,404 4 2 2 11 18 571 557 2 4, 955 11 2 27 27 1,434 1,266 1 1,593 6 2 27 32 2 1,459 1,346 2 1,753 5 3 2 10 19 1 680 606 2 1,465 6 1 11 20 2 600 563 1 1,909 5 2 1 15 16 2 742 613 1 22, 345 65 12 17 172 237 10 9, 569 8, 601 15 30, 354 109 42 353 378 8 16, 282 14, 412 34 730 2 2 9 9 378 346 1 1,477 3 2 14 9 584 493 2 871 5 1 11 9 522 474 1 753 3 2 8 8 349 264 2 1,680 7 3 33 15 1 1,032 946 1 876 5 1 13 25 832 745 1 1,205 5 1 13 22 606 537 1 1,395 4 1 13 18 714 640 1 891 4 1 4 11 1 347 309 1 963 1 1 8 9 1 451 393 1 19,513 70 27 227 243 5 10, 467 9, 265 22 48, 010 161 6 58 515 549 12 24, 096 21, 505 61 755 4 1 7 9 318 285 1 494 1 1 10 8 370 304 1 592 1 1 8 6 274 258 1 459 2 1 10 8 2 449 416 1 1,119 2 1 7 12 444 393 1 1,174 2 2 12 13 540 438 2 1,050 6 1 11 16 466 443 1 527 1 1 7 8 341 310 1 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 >le 3.- ■ Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued MISSOURI — Continued Group V — Continued Liberty _ _ 1 3 3 35 1,230 Louisiana _ _ . .. 1 1 21 664 Macon _ _ _ 1 1 2 19 544 Malden _ 1 1 4 34 1,241 Monett _ . _ 1 1 1 27 775 North Kansas City 3 4 11 9 156 5 403 Perryville _ . _ _ 1 1 1 9 311 Richmond _ 1 1 34 776 Ste. Genevieve ... 1 1 3 15 368 West Plains 1 1 8 27 943 Other cities (estimated) _ 38 9 58 96 1,112 36, 930 NEBRASKA Group 1 . 10 12 49 60 847 31, 934 Omaha 10 12 49 60 847 31,934 Group II 4 13 25 14 456 13, 155 Lincoln _ ... 4 13 25 14 456 13, 155 Group III 18 16 62 18 762 22, 642 Beatrice _ .. 1 1 8 2 44 1,259 Grand Island. 3 2 8 1 107 3, 174 Hastings _ ... ... 2 3 5 3 93 2, 751 Norfolk. _ _ 1 1 1 2 41 1, 156 North Platte _ 2 1 9 1 96 2, 981 Other cities (estimated) _ ... 9 8 31 9 381 11,321 Group IV 12 6 5 24 312 9, 102 Alliance _ _ . _ _ 1 1 1 1 39 1. 123 Columbus. _ 1 2 5 39 1, 119 Fairbury . . . .. 1 2 24 697 Lexington _ . 1 34 962 McCook _ _ 3 1 2 5 37 1,242 South Sioux City _ 1 3 35 925 Other cities (estimated) _ _ . 4 2 2 8 104 3, 034 Group V. . 32 4 18 18 437 12, 628 Broken Bow _ 2 24 583 Chadron. . 1 3 21 651 Crete _ 3 19 492 Gering... . .. 1 2 2 26 910 Holdrege ... 1 1 3 26 734 Wayne ... 1 9 238 Other cities (estimated) . . 23 3 13 13 312 9, 020 NORTH DAKOTA Group II _ _ 4 3 14 29 241 3 7, 524 Fargo _ 3 3 22 157 2 4,497 Grand Forks . 1 68 7 84 1 3,027 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 85 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,074 3 1 7 8 428 376 2 466 571 3 1 6 5 225 208 2 467 492 2 1 6 13 346 332 1 468 1,006 4 1 9 9 317 260 1 469 684 4 1 9 8 1 401 369 1 470 4,514 11 2 2 31 30 1,698 1,472 1 471 252 1 1 10 6 1 443 412 1 472 695 3 1 7 10 338 313 1 473 360 2 1 8 5 200 184 1 474 801 4 1 13 16 743 671 1 475 31,391 105 4 38 337 359 8 15, 755 14,061 40 476 28, 045 61 10 10 165 186 9. 868 8,738 5 28, 045 61 10 10 165 186 9, 868 8,738 5 477 11, 608 27 14 16 129 183 6, 860 6, 270 7 11,608 27 14 16 129 183 6, 860 6,270 7 478 20, 250 76 18 24 298 274 28 14, 364 13, 178 20 479 1,208 8 1 2 18 26 3 956 870 2 480 2,804 9 1 4 46 36 6 2,067 1,915 3 481 2,414 5 1 3 38 28 3 1,604 1,455 2 482 1,116 7 3 1 17 19 850 808 1 483 2, 583 9 3 2 30 28 2 1,705 1,541 2 484 10, 125 38 9 12 149 137 14 7, 182 6, 589 10 485 8,148 34 12 144 134 8 5, 940 5, 376 14 486 967 3 2 18 19 827 752 2 487 1,065 6 1 13 9 583 475 1 488 634 4 1 21 14 1 623 615 2 489 833 3 1 12 15 613 557 1 490 1,107 3 2 24 24 3 732 693 2 491 826 4 1 8 8 1 582 492 1 492 2,716 11 4 48 45 3 1,980 1,792 5 493 11, 091 66 21 199 165 7 8, 029 ! 7, 354 25 494 549 3 1 10 9 1 455 442 1 495 556 4 1 5 6 211 186 1 496 440 3 1 9 6 288 273 2 497 759 4 1 14 10 1 638 552 1 498 638 4 1 13 9 480 438 1 499 227 1 1 6 7 222 210 1 500 7,922 47 15 142 118 5 5,735 5,253 18 501 6, 668 22 3 6 98 70 3 4,447 ' 4,055 6 50? 3, 958 13 3 3 54 36 1 2.588 2,369 3 503 2,710 9 3 44 _ 34_ 2 1.859 1.686 3 504 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teacl (positi Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH DAKOTA— Continued 505 Group III _ 6 8 6 17 243 7, 710 506 3 2 3 10 80 2,658 507 1 3 1 1 82 2, 482 508 Other cities (estimated) _ 2 3 2 6 81 2, 570 509 Group IV _ _ 6 6 ll 21 162 5,614 510 1 5 31 974 511 Dickinson _ . _ ... __ 1 2 6 21 763 512 1 1 3 13 475 513 Williston _ 1 4 4 43 1,531 514 Other cities (estimated) _ 2 2 4 7 54 1,871 515 Group V 2 1 32 1, 082 516 Grafton _ 1 18 719 517 Rugby _ - 1 1 14 363 OHIO 518 Group 1 _ 143 90 526 978 8,650 52 313, 266 519 Akron.. _ 12 1 47 89 944 4 34, 500 520 Canton .. . .. _ 9 2 33 77 449 15,878 521 Cincinnati _ 38 15 92 181 1,353 10 49,251 522 Cleveland _ _ 52 25 149 247 2,118 17 81,933 523 Columbus . 6 16 68 83 1,215 44, 295 524 Dayton . _ ... . 8 9 52 168 1, 148 38, 305 525 Toledo _ _ 12 17 58 92 985 11 34,055 526 Youngstown. ... _ 6 5 27 41 438 10 15,049 527 Group II _ _ 96 53 224 450 3,991 52 131, 335 528 Alliance _ 3 1 7 10 107 2 3,806 529 Barberton .. 4 6 8 11 102 3, 949 530 Cleveland Heights _ 9 3 11 29 234 11 6, 875 531 Cuyahoga Falls 2 3 8 23 141 4,610 532 East Cleveland.. _ . .. 4 6 4 107 3 3,119 533 Elyria _ 4 4 9 25 148 2 5,312 534 Euclid. _. _ 7 2 9 15 206 4 6, 302 535 Hamilton _ _ _ _ 3 2 11 33 230 4 7,778 536 Lakewood _ 2 3 8 10 141 4, 406 537 Lima _ 2 1 14 8 156 5,724 538 Lorain _ _ 1 2 9 33 167 6, 633 539 Mansfield.. _ 9 2 12 16 213 2 5, 877 540 Marion _ .. 5 3 8 1 145 4, 059 541 Massillon _ 4 1 11 97 2, 865 542 Middletown _ 5 4 9 27 216 8, 396 543 Newark _ 2 6 3 116 3,719 544 Norwood. _ 4 5 16 92 2 2, 982 545 Parma _ . 4 7 11 13 216 8 8, 399 546 Portsmouth _ .. 1 2 13 35 152 4,950 547 Sandusky _ 3 1 10 25 111 1 3,844 548 Shaker Heights (Post Office, Cleve¬ 5 10 18 157 1 3, 764 land). 549 Springfield _ 2 3 19 19 229 5 9, 329 550 Steubenville _ . 3 1 7 20 154 4 3, 781 551 Warren _ .. 5 1 12 32 218 2 6, 035 552 Zanesville _ 3 1 2 13 136 1 4,821 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 87 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens) — Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend- Number of schools 6, 924 3, 776 505 2,249 2,367 2,308 5, 203 892 681 427 1,469 1,734 983 1,722 1,353 871 1,646 1,259 421 517 354 605 949 386 483 322 568 506 507 50S 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 1, 015 667 348 19 289 316 258 304 285, 771 30, 044 14, 666 44, 761 73,358 40, 909 36, 366 31,981 13, 686 47 29 76 135 84 52 51 30 213 2,721 2, 556 193 141, 096 310 138 421 749 451 184 211 257 358 87 394 674 414 203 207 219 16, 477 5,740 22, 559 45, 127 20, 930 9, 453 10, 554 10, 256 124,044 14,681 5, 183 20, 652 35, 008 19, 394 9,270 10, 305 9, 551 121, 484 3, 177 3, 548 6, 343 4,251 2,825 4,770 5, 929 7,258 4,076 5, 465 5, 925 5, 405 3,798 2,708 8,058 3, 570 2,784 7,594 4, 535 3, 563 3, 532 8, 851 3, 596 5, 565 4, 358 1, 507 73, 205 68, 973 53 58 125 49 36 40 109 81 69 53 79 79 49 63 84 53 31 94 37 2.706 2,216 4,859 2,305 2,214 1,501 3, 604 4,075 3, 027 3,323 3,730 3,756 2,777 3, 073 2,838 2,664 965 4.277 1.707 1,376 2,609 5, 137 1,147 4,042 3.277 2,626 2,095 4,706 2,208 2, 184 1,413 3. 460 3, 423 2,833 3, 222 3, 567 3, 561 2,625 2,922 2.460 2, 559 919 4,112 1,522 1,269 2,498 4,912 1, 104 3, 805 2,968 509375 0—59 - 7 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teacl (positi Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued OHIO— Continued 553 Group III.. . . . 77 30 126 404 2,849 3 100, 645 554 Ashland _ .. _ 2 2 5 5 59 2, 022 555 Ashtabula _ _ .... .. 2 1 6 22 82 2,571 556 Bexley _ _ _ _ 2 3 3 57 1,820 557 Chillicothe . 2 1 6 16 117 3, 781 558 Fostoria . . . . . . 1 10 49 1,871 559 1 5 3 78 2,837 560 Garfield Heights _ 3 3 3 22 67 1 3,302 561 Mari etta 2 1 2 6 55 1,754 562 Mount Vernon _ _ 1 2 7 63 1,918 563 2 6 45 1,554 564 Painesville. . _ 2 3 52 1,650 565 2 2 4 1 52 1,575 566 Salem 1 1 10 72 2,269 567 Troy . . . 1 1 16 76 2, 600 568 Wooster 2 4 8 50 2, 334 569 Xenia ... _ _ 2 5 9 62 2,740 570 Other cities (estimated) _ 49 19 80 257 1,813 2 64, 047 571 Group IV _ 74 16 110 272 2,093 11 70, 323 572 Bedford _ 3 2 7 16 88 r 2,885 573 Bellevue 1 3 6 30 i 1,039 574 Celina _ ... . .. 1 1 2 4 33 1,333 575 Circleville 1 6 57 1,848 576 Grandview Heights 1 1 32 908 577 Greenville _ . 1 2 3 10 48 1,611 578 Logan 1 1 1 24 i 1,043 579 Napoleon _ _ . 1 1 4 21 837 580 North College Hill 1 3 2 40 1,252 581 Norwalk 1 1 34 1,450 582 Oakwood _ 2 2 3 46 1,110 583 Port Clinton . 1 2 27 1, 100 584 St. Bernard _ 1 1 4 11 367 585 Toronto _ _ _ 1 4 11 37 i 995 586 Uhrichsville 1 1 25 763 587 Urbana _ .. 1 1 4 8 42 1,596 588 Upper Arlington 2 3 11 84 2, 786 589 Wellston _ 1 1 3 23 811 590 Wickliffe _ 4 2 5 37 1,086 591 Wyoming 1 1 2 22 752 592 Other cities (estimated) _ 47 10 70 173 1,332 7 44, 751 593 Group V 84 3 41 190 1, 392 52, 579 594 Amherst _ 1 7 28 1,231 595 Barnesville . 1 5 20 819 596 Cadiz ... 1 21 667 597 Chagrin Falls 1 1 2 28 912 598 Clyde _ 1 2 4 29 1,013 599 Crestline _ 2 1 16 548 600 Crooksville 1 2 14 525 601 Dennison _ _ .. ... . 1 2 18 715 602 Eaton .. .. _ . 1 1 2 23 1,075 603 Lisbon 5 1 2 2 25 855 604 Marysville 1 5 22 756 605 Middleport _ .. 1 12 631 606 Mingo Junction _ _ 1 4 26 786 607 Montpelier. . _ 1 1 2 13 553 608 Nelsor.ville _ _ 1 1 19 597 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 89 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 92,296 231 14 61 1 1,092 957 30 49, 984 46, 761 50 1,917 7 1 40 23 2 1,585 1,537 1 2,422 6 1 22 21 1, 118 1,065 ! 1 1,697 3 1 23 20 625 599 1 3,337 6 1 24 24 1 1,359 1,223 1 1,797 6 1 22 16 1 1,024 1,005 1 2, 506 5 1 1 35 25 1,566 1,431 1 3,095 4 1 21 19 2 963 885 1 1,597 6 3 26 25 1 1,729 1.601 1 1,753 7 1 25 27 1 1,321 1,231 1 1,472 6 2 28 20 1,218 1,127 1 1,460 4 2 22 17 i 1,132 1,046 1 1,416 4 1 2 25 24 2 1,034 973 2 2,159 5 1 17 21 906 853 1 2,417 6 1 20 10 722 687 1 1,983 5 3 1 25 28 872 808 1 2, 534 4 2 22 28 1.002 933 2 58,734 147 9 39 695 609 19 31, 808 29.757 32 64, 683 176 17 63 828 729 22 32, 832 30, 594 61 2, 698 7 3 2 20 1 21 1 889 832 1 989 5 1 12 | 10 3 483 450 1 1,259 1 1 10 8 476 450 1 1.610 6 1 13 17 574 499 1 795 2 1 11 19 690 652 2 1,532 3 1 16 15 621 582 1 963 3 1 10 16 2 531 486 2 783 2 1 16 8 428 409 1 1,158 4 1 7 :::::::::: 364 332 1 1,362 5 1 1 19 10 433 402 1 1,035 2 2 24 1 14 816 788 1 988 1 1 19 13 520 481 1 290 1 1 13 11 i 351 310 1 931 4 1 15 9 478 447 1 720 3 1 16 12 710 640 1 1 1,437 4 1 14 9 480 440 1 1 2, 563 3 1 30 25 1,356 1,311 1 737 3 1 2 7 13 635 584 1 1 986 2 1 1 16 10 594 552 i : 685 3 1 13 16 i 510 478 i 41, 162 112 11 40 527 464 14 20, 893 19, 469 39 48, 501 141 59 628 539 3 25, 854 23,969 65 1,103 2 1 5 10 412 387 1 773 1 1 12 9 431 400 1 603 1 1 11 9 340 304 1 834 1 1 13 12 249 237 1 934 2 1 16 9 579 549 1 526 3 1 6 12 439 421 1 472 2 1 6 6 285 264 1 649 4 1 7 4 235 213 1 996 1 1 15 10 365 330 1 793 2 1 7 12 1 465 442 1 701 2 6 8 360 340 1 575 3 8 7 250 231 1 771 4 1 9 5 322 320 1 522 1 1 8 4 362 339 1 565 2 1 10 7 458 420 1 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 >le 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools, by level , City, by region, State, and group Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Elementary schools (including kindergartens) Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 7 8 NORTH CENTRAL— Continued OHIO— Continued Group V — Continued New Boston _ Newcomerstown _ New Lexington _ Rittman _ Upper Sandusky _ Wauseon _ Westerville _ Westlake _ Willard _ Other cities (estimated) _ SOUTH DAKOTA Group II _ Rapid City _ Sioux Falls _ Group III _ Aberdeen _ Huron _ Mitchell _ Other cities (estimated) _ Group IV _ Brookings _ . Hot Springs _ Lead _ _ Madison _ Yankton _ Other cities (estimated) _ Group V _ Belle Fourche _ Canton _ Deadwood _ Mobridge _ Red field _ ! Sisseton _ Other cities (estimated) _ WISCONSIN Group I _ Milwaukee _ Group II _ Appleton _ Beloit _ Eau Claire _ Fond du Lac _ Green Bay _ Kenosha _ La Crosse _ e footnotes at end of table. 2 1 3 I 2 I ll 12 9 3 5 120 173 318 114 1, 546 25 387 1,546 2, 687 14 555 18 681 12 485 24 938 19 607 20 688 40 1,755 25 894 28 1, 128 878 33, 165 6 18 13 17 9 39 11 26 12 25 15 52 13 6 125 180 126 118 181 217 158 14, 167 4,902 9, 265 8, 050 2,303 1,977 1,758 2,012 7,010 1, 198 734 1,292 710 1,073 2,003 7, 296 821 475 580 743 515 514 3, 648 68, 704 68, 704 91, 397 3,486 5, 492 4, 703 3, 740 5, 945 7.888 5, 793 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 91 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955—56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools 664 412 877 556 628 1,635 830 1,041 30, 593 10 9 7 7 12 11 10 16 11 396 9 9 6 340 430 512 440 243 485 493 478 607 306 16, 308 369 508 396 222 380 462 461 561 294 15, 119 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 12, 725 4, 077 8,648 4, 327 2, 471 2,368 2,125 2, 202 7, 630 2, 193 1,883 1,647 1,907 6, 056 1,090 638 1,039 646 913 1,730 6, 506 706 420 503 697 468 459 3, 253 58, 037 58, 037 103 78, 686 186 3, 272 12 4, 791 13 4, 034 13 . 3, 208 11 . 5,255 14 6,909 15 4. 920 13 4,239 4,015 1,512 1,152 515 1,060 1,432 1,100 479 1,004 2, 549 2, 369 436 267 382 241 495 728 410 240 340 228 474 677 3, 380 3,100 391 243 192 240 256 368 1,690 353 222 171 228 243 333 1,550 619 619 20, 661 505 20, 661 17, 814 17,814 27 36, 328 33, 636 55 2, 532 1,702 2,041 1,298 2,690 2,759 2,122 2, 434 1,674 1,891 1,114 2, 533 2. 534 1,948 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 >le 3.- •Personnel, enrollment , attendance , and number of schools , by level , Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classi tea cl (positi Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NORTH CENTRAI _ Continued WISCONSIN— Continued Group II — Continued Madison _ 6 5 16 61 369 16 11,399 4 1 6 18 81 3, 081 1 5 5 28 131 4, 887 Racine _ o 5 14 26 240 2 10,013 4 3 8 29 147 4,984 7 3 7 31 112 3, 885 Wausau _ 2 4 5 8 87 3 3,418 Wauwatosa _ 2 4 9 40 178 14 5,652 West Allis 2 3 12 34 237 7,031 Group III - - 24 34 18 125 872 1 29, 371 Ashland . _ _ _ 2 4 4 12 47 1,591 Janesville 2 7 4 4 93 3, 746 Marinette 2 2 3 41 1,320 Marshfield 1 1 7 40 1,130 Menasha 1 1 7 31 1, 160 Neenah 2 1 11 58 2,247 Shorewood 2 2 10 64 1,776 South Milwaukee 1 1 2 5 38 1,579 Stevens Point 1 3 1 1 43 1,028 Two Rivers 1 2 20 1 662 Waukesha 1 3 22 100 3,427 Wisconsin Rapids 1 1 4 41 1,367 Other cities (estimated) _ 7 10 5 37 256 8, 638 Group IV _ 30 30 30 66 657 3 20, 306 Menomonie 1 1 4 32 1,088 Merrill _ 1 6 3 5 26 1 969 Oconomowoc . 1 1 28 854 Oconto 1 2 1 16 520 Rhinelander 1 1 1 3 48 1,204 Sparta 3 1 2 26 774 Waupun 1 2 5 24 771 Other cities (estimated) _ _ 21 21 21 46 457 2 14, 126 Group V 63 14 32 159 900 27, 893 Black River _ 1 1 1 4 45 1,268 Clintonville .. 3 1 5 21 655 Columbus _ ... _ 1 6 19 614 Greendale _ 3 1 5 15 387 Hudson. . . _ 1 1 3 22 684 Hurley 3 1 5 5 19 660 Jefferson _ _ 1 2 10 404 Kimberly.. _ 7 204 Ladysmith 1 3 22 784 Lancaster 1 14 368 Mayville _ 2 2 8 257 New London . _ 1 1 1 22 557 Plymouth 1 1 4 17 493 Port Washington . 1 1 4 17 439 Richland Center 1 1 6 17 733 Sheboygan Falls _ 1 4 17 515 Waupaca _ 1 1 20 655 Other cities (estimated) _ 41 9 21 104 588 18,216 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 93 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955—56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens) — Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Women 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9, 693 17 4 6 67 85 15 3,845 3, 436 3 651 2,510 8 1 4 45 28 1,740 1,643 3 652 4, 123 8 3 52 44 2, 101 1,885 2 653 8. 209 16 4 2 95 98 6 3, 031 2. 730 6 ' 654 4,490 12 5 69 41 6 2, 541 2, 390 2 655 3, 495 12 2 3 46 25 1,784 1,660 2 656 2,979 9 3 2 57 48 | 4 1,913 1,900 2 657 4,799 9 1 3 48 43 4 1,828 1,611 3 658 5, 999 4 2 4 56 50 2, 401 2, 253 13 659 24,943 94 3 29 416 346 2 16, 802 15, 712 21 660 1,334 12 1 H 15 561 505 r 661 3, 231 7 1 4 48 44 1,603 1,535 2 662 1,231 6 1 20 17 903 849 i 663 840 6 2 21 12 662 601 i 664 933 3 1 15 11 595 554 i 665 1,995 7 1 20 1 13 1 916 863 1 1 666 1,591 2 1 2 26 ! 25 811 746 i ; 667 1,181 5 2 31 20 963 897 i 668 818 6 1 23 19 1,210 1, 134 i 669 634 2 1 21 10 647 631 i 670 2, 583 6 3 30 40 1,915 1,768 3 671 1. 165 4 1 28 18 1,074 1,008 1 672 7,307 28 1 9 | 122 102 1 4, 942 4, 621 6 673 17,970 89 — 29 397 279 7 15, 180 13, 964 26 674 940 4 1 13 12 585 552 1 675 818 4 2 28 17 1 872 824 2 676 716 1 4 2 22 21 1 922 850 1 677 473 j 2 1 9 6 385 350 1 678 1,113 6 1 22 11 866 784 1 679 673 1 5 1 15 9 523 448 1 680 736 2 1 12 9 467 442 1 681 12, 501 62 20 276 194 5 10, 560 9,714 18 , 682 24, 664 182 43 634 383 14 21, 580 20, 381 49 683 1,152 17 1 12 8 1 464 433 1 684 612 6 1 16 10 1 553 536 1 685 535 3 1 10 6 1 354 321 1 686 347 1 1 15 7 437 404 1 687 600 3 1 9 4 317 2% 1 688 575 6 1 16 8 437 409 1 689 303 1 1 10 13 438 410 1 690 174 1 1 12 3 316 308 1 691 667 7 1 11 8 315 307 1 692 355 1 1 12 4 343 332 1 693 218 1 1 14 6 390 372 1 694 515 9 1 21 9 1 658 616 1 695 427 1 1 15 12 571 536 1 6% 377 1 1 14 11 558 543 1 697 650 3 1 14 8 648 596 1 698 489 1 9 9 1 310 298 1 699 561 1 10 7 378 354 1 700 16, 107 119 28 414 250 9 14, 093 13,310 32 701 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SOUTH 1 Group 1 (cities of 100,000 407 241 1,362 1,650 27, 783 225 1, 005, 324 population or more). 2 Group II (cities of 25,000 192 162 740 693 13, 345 53 452, 244 to 99,999 population). 3 Group III (cities of 10,000 269 93 737 1,046 12, 308 63 422, 800 to 24, 999 population). 4 Group IV (cities of 5,000 335 85 524 1, 019 11, 762 70 409, 727 to 9,999 population). 5 Group V (cities of 2,500 to 381 20 371 849 8,075 69 282, 885 4,999 population). # ALABAMA 5 2 59 74 1,345 51, 576 6 Birmingham _ ... 5 2 59 74 1,345 51,576 7 Group II _ 6 4 39 7 653 22, 799 8 Anniston _ _ _ 1 12 148 4,702 9 Bessemer _ 1 4 1 115 4,057 10 Gadsden _ 2 3 12 5 220 7,891 11 Tuscaloosa 2 1 11 1 170 6,149 12 Group III. _ 12 6 51 18 800 28. 378 13 Dothan _ 1 1 7 1 111 3, 893 14 Fairfield _ _ ... . _ 1 1 4 51 1,809 15 Huntsville ... 1 1 6 2 100 3 816 16 Opelika _ 1 1 2 4 49 1,957 17 Selma 2 9 3 115 3,669 18 Sheffield _ .... 1 3 1 54 1,883 19 Other cities (estimated) _ 5 2 20 7 320 11,351 20 Group IV _ 27 6 21 15 732 25, 536 21 Alexander City. .. _ _ 1 1 3 59 1,875 22 Andalusia _ 1 36 1, 120 23 Atmore _ _ .... 1 1 18 672 24 Attalla _ 1 1 32 1,111 25 Cullman . _ _ 1 2 1 40 1,260 26 Opp _ 1 1 1 19 620 27 Ozark _ _ 3 1 2 40 1,854 28 Other cities (estimated) _ 18 4 14 10 488 17,024 29 Group V . . _ _ . . 3 2 60 1, 948 30 Florala _ 1 15 428 31 Jacksonville _ 1 1 25 871 32 Other cities (estimated) _ 1 1 20 649 ARKANSAS Group 1 . . 5 4 22 5 391 2 12, 835 33 Little Rock _ . . 5 4 22 5 391 2 12, 835 34 Group II _ 14 9 35 13 583 3 20, 994 35 Fort Smith _ 2 1 8 7 187 6,848 36 Hot Springs _ 2 8 1 105 3,516 37 Noith Little Rock 8 7 15 2 179 6,507 38 Pine Bluff _ 2 1 4 3 112 3 4,123 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 95 in public-school systems in cities of 2.500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary (including tens)— C schools kindergar- ontinued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 858,750 1, 540 257 621 6, 655 12, 039 667 459, 323 398, 127 454 1 399, 775 923 116 283 2, 864 5, 696 160 205, 700 182, 043 268 2 371, 605 993 62 336 2, 966 4,837 101 187, 664 167, 696 367 3 353, 442 988 65 440 3, 003 4,504 183 176, 164 155, 263 471 4 248, 558 851 30 387 2, 502 3,161 136 126, 295 113, 003 484 5 45, 289 79 10 10 190 407 13, 742 12, 111 10 45, 289 79 10 10 190 407 13, 742 12,111 10 6 20, 385 50 3 17 172 335 10 14, 084 12, 420 15 7 4, 020 12 3 35 67 3 2, 774 2, 380 3 8 3, 629 7 1 4 45 71 2,859 2,605 3 9 7, 161 17 2 6 47 100 4,656 4, 079 6 10 5, 575 14 4 45 97 7 3, 795 3, 356 3 11 25, 552 80 2 27 197 493 17, 272 15,808 42 12 3,565 10 3 21 57 2,014 1,862 3 13 1,703 5 1 2 27 53 1,637 1,550 2 14 3,319 13 3 19 53 1,969 1,753 11 15 1,737 5 3 4 46 1,245 1, 119 3 16 3, 337 10 3 30 62 2, 263 2, 089 3 17 1,670 5 2 17 25 1,235 1, 112 3 18 10, 221 32 1 11 79 197 6, 909 6, 323 17 19 22, 521 45 24 231 357 15, 609 13, 932 33 20 1.699 3 2 27 30 1,358 1,235 2 21 957 2 1 10 16 658 585 1 22 606 2 23 1,016 2 2 6 10 428 389 2 24 1, 147 2 1 10 27 1,125 987 1 25 562 2 1 10 12 551 490 1 26 1,520 2 1 14 24 1,083 958 4 27 15,014 30 16 154 238 10, 406 9, 288 22 28 1, 667 6 3 26 32 1,265 1, 137 6 29 374 2 2 3 125 113 2 30 737 2 2 15 18 718 645 2 31 556 2 1 9 11 422 379 2 32 10, 996 24 4 10 82 195 23 8, 000 6, 951 8 10, 996 24 4 10 82 195 23 8, 000 6,951 8 33 18,169 61 3 15 116 334 10 13, 809 12, 043 19 34 5, 850 20 1 4 54 89 3 4, 297 3, 796 3 35 3, 130 10 3 3 79 2,442 2, 076 3 36 5, 397 15 1 4 35 97 4 4, 246 3, 589 4 37 3, 792 16 1 4 24 69 3 2, 824 2, 582 9 38 96 BIENNTAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teacl (positi Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SOUTH— Continued ARKANSAS— Continued 39 Group III _ 11 1 43 25 613 2 20,923 40 1 2 1 51 1 1 948 41 El Dorado _ . 2 9 6 127 3, 757 42 Fayetteville _ _ ... 2 6 1 56 1,951 43 Helena _ _ 1 7 6 99 3,733 44 Texarkana _ . _ 2 1 7 4 105 3,556 45 Other cities (estimated) _ 3 12 7 175 1 5,978 46 43 3 19 ill 787 31, 918 47 Batesville _ _ 5 1 1 32 1,138 48 1 1 1 40 1 535 49 Forest City.. . 6 1 2 5 84 3’, 485 50 Harrison 1 2 29 3 1,002 51 Newport .. _ .. 1 1 2 63 2,284 52 Paragould . 1 28 1, 135 53 Russelville _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 40 1, 180 54 Other cities (estimated) _ 27 2 12 70 497 20, 159 55 Group V 39 37 37 817 29, 301 56 Clarendon _ _ 1 1 19 734 57 Clarksville _ 1 1 19 626 58 Fordyce. _ _ _ 1 1 21 820 59 McGehee _ 1 1 28 918 60 Mena 1 4 1 22 820 61 Nashville _ . . 1 1 25 781 62 Paris _ 1 1 2 19 634 63 Pocahontas _ . 1 1 2 26 974 64 Rogers _ _ ... . 1 2 2 45 1,388 65 Trumann 1 1 2 33 1,340 66 Wynne _ _ _ 4 1 2 33 1,362 67 Other cities (estimated) _ 25 24 24 527 18. 904 DELAWARE Group 1 _ 12 5 10 22 263 18 7, 683 68 Wilmington _ 12 5 10 22 263 18 7, 683 69 Group IV _ 8 10 33 266 2 7,978 70 Dover _ _ .. .. 2 2 3 54 1,499 71 Elsmere (Oak Grove School)3 _ 1 4 29 870 72 Newark _ _ 2 4 13 77 1 2,418 73 Other cities (estimated) _ 3 4 13 106 1 3,191 74 Group V _ . 3 6 8 83 2, 733 75 Laurel _ _ _ . 1 2 3 36 1,172 76 Lewes _ 1 2 2 19 650 77 Other cities (estimated) _ . ... 1 2 3 28 911 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Group 1 _ 36 19 94 90 1, 873 71,639 78 Washington4... _ 36 19 94 90 1,873 71,639 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 97 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools 18, 597 1,677 3,517 1,667 3,215 3, 207 5,314 26, 508 914 1,421 2, 735 929 1,776 908 1,083 16, 742 Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men 228 Women Other non super¬ visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 18 19 40 14 30 21 17 273 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 10, 959 1,232 2, 398 1,270 801 2, 127 3. 131 20, 137 761 750 2,141 814 1,373 688 892 12,718 Average daily attend¬ ance 10, 004 1,099 2, 267 1,132 696 1,952 2,858 16, 902 660 687 1,572 763 1,102 595 848 10, 675 Number of schools 24, 930 586 563 700 856 716 655 580 789 1,138 1,042 1,221 16, 084 6, 943 6, 943 19,445 17, 284 11 14 14 16 18 8 11 10 22 14 15 278 432 565 598 578 739 333 509 621 982 707 836 12, 545 355 530 528 540 651 304 478 520 838 613 776 11,151 138 138 162 162 6, 091 6, 091 5,767 5, 767 7, 075 1,282 814 2,149 2,830 2,487 1,078 580 829 4, 255 981 232 1,340 1,702 1,286 460 397 429 3,827 838 218 1,240 1,531 1, 176 423 361 392 61, 943 61,943 125 125 592 592 40, 683 33, 477 1,161 40, 683 33, 477 78 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) 79 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 116 City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 SOUTH— Continued GEORGIA Group I _ Atlanta _ Group II. Athens. .. La Grange. Rome _ Group III. Americus _ Decatur _ Dublin _ _ Moultrie _ Thomasville _ ... Valdosta _ Waycross _ Other cities (estimated). Group IV Carrollton _ Cartersville _ Cordele _ Newnan _ Thomaston _ Other cities (estimated). Group V _ Barnesville _ Buford _ Calhoun _ Commerce _ _ Hogansville _ _ Trion _ Other cities (estimated) KENTUCKY Group I 108 Louisville. 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 Group II Ashland... Covington. Lexington. . Newport. .. Owensboro . Paducah. . . Group III . 117 Frankfort. 118 Henderson. 119 Hopkinsville See footnotes at end of table. Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) is Principals (posi¬ tions) 10 94 44 Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 1,918 461 199 134 128 59 74 84 131 128 267 589 50 44 55 58 61 321 29 16 26 23 32 23 223 932 797 116 174 173 100 122 112 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 68, 088 68, 088 16, 247 6,041 4,766 5, 440 31, 793 2, 184 2,901 2,027 2,786 3,223 5, 202 3, 932 9, 538 21, 098 1,818 1,442 2,157 2, 032 2,141 11,508 12, 723 925 704 887 752 1,074 747 7,634 31,271 31,271 25,835 3,789 5,732 5, 465 3, 221 3, 777 3, 851 11, 686 1,154 2,337 2,094 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 99 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56— Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Average daily attend- 57, 638 57, 638 Number of schools 104 104 Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) ll Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men 423 423 Women 650 650 Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 67 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 24, 779 24, 779 Average daily attend- 22, 949 22,949 Number of schools 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 % 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 13, 338 38 140 5, 599 4, 825 5,012 4, 023 4, 303 2,255 1,423 1,921 1,945 1,256 1.624 26, 638 196 14,650 12, 713 1,845 2,503 1,770 2,283 2,764 4, 225 3,257 7,991 715 1,575 1, 136 2, 322 1,287 1,676 1,544 4, 395 605 1,432 1,018 1,972 1,124 1,396 1,352 3,814 17, 864 172 9, 676 ,406 1,572 1,227 1,710 1,718 1,893 9, 744 11, 217 823 593 779 687 939 666 6,730 22 20 20 14 27 124 994 708 698 670 1,328 5, 278 832 615 601 582 1, 191 4,585 12 6, 860 6,003 12 7 18 12 11 7 101 439 321 760 422 479 323 4,116 392 282 648 369 421 289 3, 602 28, 771 28,771 29 337 474 474 17, 509 16, 167 22,903 3, 242 5. 008 4,836 3, 002 3,438 3, 377 176 394 13, 952 12, 422 2,771 2,670 2,876 675 2,276 2.684 2,434 2,329 2,533 664 2, 071 2, 391 10, 433 1,077 2,185 1,780 4,946 4, 393 14 3% 731 1,088 329 707 949 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 )le 3. • Personnel , enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group SOUTH — Continued KENTUCKY— Continued Group III — Continued Richmond _ .. Other cities (estimated) _ Group IV _ Bellevue _ Dayton _ Glasgow _ Harrodsburg _ Ludlow _ Mayfield _ Murray _ Winchester _ Other cities (estimated) _ Group V _ _ Bardstown _ _ Catlettsburg _ Central City _ Cynthia _ Fulton _ Lebanon _ _ Pineville _ Providence _ Shelbyville _ Other cities (estimated) _ LOUISIANA Group I New Orleans _ Group II Lake Charles _ Monroe _ Group III __ Bogalusar _ MARYLAND Group I _ . Baltimore < _ MISSISSIPPI Group II _ Biloxi _ Greenville _ Hattiesburg _ Jackson _ Laurel _ i footnotes at end of table. Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) 40 Principals (posi¬ tions) 76 113 113 Classroom teachers (positions) Men 24 17 137 137 238 Women 16 26 49 29 13 42 18 34 369 483 15 26 17 15 20 20 15 13 26 316 1,489 1,489 108 143 132 132 2,431 92 158 401 95 Other non super¬ visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girjs) 1,093 5, 008 20, 855 446 1,109 1,718 862 483 1,422 695 1,210 12,910 17, 085 492 785 774 472 511 595 657 719 909 11,171 55, 575 55. 575 9, 537 3,711 5, 826 4, 154 102, 239 102, 239 42, 063 2, 974 5, 483 4, 081 15, 578 4, 264 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 101 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56— Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued • Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 920 2 2 7 20 611 525 2 4, 471 14 6 32 62 2, 120 1,883 6 18, 031 45 31 171 255 9,125 8, 316 34 422 1 1 10 9 375 355 1 839 2 1 5 8 292 263 1 1,473 2 2 10 11 419 374 2 '820 2 1 4 8 258 246 1 443 1 1 10 7 351 311 1 1,297 3 2 8 21 574 537 3 570 3 2 10 14 498 475 2 1,005 3 2 8 19 709 607 2 11,162 28 19 106 158 5, 649 5,148 21 15, 164 58 29 113 205 6 7,424 6, 815 32 412 2 1 6 7 1 326 301 2 730 3 4 6 1 293 263 1 699 2 1 5 8 205 185 1 432 2 2 4 9 323 305 1 447 3 1 3 5 173 157 1 522 2 1 6 8 390 353 2 526 2 1 3 4 161 131 1 656 2 2 2 13 239 218 1 825 2 1 6 11 460 446 1 9,915 38 19 74 134 4 4,854 4,456 21 47, 391 88 13 23 376 633 22, 564 18, 254 25 47, 391 88 13 23 376 633 22, 564 18,254 25 8,474 16 2 4 39 79 2,329 2, 105 4 3,357 7 2 13 31 1,058 970 2 5,117 9 2 2 26 48 1,271 1,135 2 3,966 8 1 3 18 32 1,229 1,193 2 3, 966 8 1 3 18 32 1,229 1, 193 2 84, 574 135 30 32 970 1, 336 23 54,711 45, 875 71 84, 574 135 30 32 970 1,336 23 54,711 45, 875 71 35, 680 81 6 30 249 554 4 19, 380 16, 923 30 2, 725 6 3 24 51 4 1,399 1,357 4 4, 653 6 1 3 34 79 2,410 2,111 3 3,362 9 3 24 51 2, 185 1,881 4 12, 576 34 2 11 115 186 7,944 6, 697 11 3, 932 8 1 3 9 65 1, 120 1,042 3 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 >le 3. • Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion » Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SOUTH— Continued MISSISSIPPI— Continued Group II — Continued Meridian _ 2 1 13 5 185 6, 205 Vicksburg _ .... 1 5 71 3,478 Group III _ . . . _ 14 3 37 25 680 1 24, 478 2 2 5 2 62 3 625 Columbus _ _ .. 2 6 3 111 3, 89C 1 1 48 1, 538 Natchez. _ _ . . 3 7 8 124 3, 969 Pascagoula _ 2 3 6 81 1 2. 532 Tupelo _ _ 1 6 84 2, 804 Other cities (estimated) _ 3 1 9 6 170 6, 120 Group IV _ 13 2 22 17 720 28, 240 Aberdeen _ 1 1 50 1,987 Brookhaven.. _ 1 3 51 1,773 Canton 1 1 1 3 89 3, 792 Corinth _ 1 3 40 1,607 Grenada 1 1 2 54 1,995 Picayune _ 1 1 1 50 1,751 Yazoo City . . . . __ 1 2 3 54 2,301 Other cities (estimated) _ 6 1 10 8 332 13. 034 Group V . . 40 17 23 656 24,755 Amory _ _ .. ... 3 1 17 605 Bay St. Louis _ 1 1 17 765 Forest _ 1 21 856 Holly Springs _ 2 1 1 34 1,328 Moss Point _ _ 2 2 2 49 1,582 Oxford _ _ . ... 1 1 30 1,152 Philadelphia _ 2 2 17 594 Port Gibson _ 1 1 23 811 Winona 1 1 1 19 876 Other cities (estimated) _ 26 11 15 429 16, 186 NORTH CAROLINA Group 1 _ 5 10 32 78 761 13 22, 684 Charlotte _ 5 10 32 78 761 13 22, 684 Group II _ 19 20 119 188 2, 149 6 71, 517 Asheville... _ ... . 2 6 12 7 211 7,331 Durham 3 2 16 33 316 10, 231 Fayetteville _ 1 2 10 22 166 6,846 Greensboro _ ... . 3 1 21 36 424 13, 739 High Point _ 1 2 12 7 221 2 6, 939 Raleigh _ 3 3 19 9 255 4 7,717 Rocky Mount _ 1 8 10 135 4,680 Winston-Salem 5 4 21 64 421 14, 034 Group III _ 30 8 85 185 1, 582 54, 223 Albemarle _ 1 1 4 7 64 2,208 Concord... _ 1 5 10 81 2,767 Gastonia _ 4 1 7 27 147 4, 870 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 103 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar- Secondary schools (including junior high schools) tens)— Continued Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily dumber of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women 1 (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5, 437 13 2 5 30 I 80 2,882 2, 559 3 155 2,995 5 2 13 42 1,440 1,276 2 156 20,634 46 9 16 116 253 7 9, 913 8, 699 21 157 2, 940 5 2 18 29 771 668 3 158 3, 267 7 3 18 52 2 1,989 1,718 3 159 1,292 4 6 1 9 19 1 1,032 916 2 160 3 466 6 2 14 36 1,107 953 3 161 2; 095 6 1 2 18 20 2 1,594 1,399 3 162 2 416 6 2 10 34 942 870 2 163 5i 158 12 2 4 29 63 2 2,478 2,175 5 164 23, 483 81 30 135 214 6 8, 808 7,674 30 165 1, 598 9 2 8 14 574 492 2 166 1, 573 3 2 17 23 984 900 2 167 2,815 19 2 8 14 703 557 3 168 1,528 4 3 12 22 491 474 3 169 1,801 2 2 8 13 751 654 2 170 1,497 4 2 8 16 3 438 398 2 171 1,833 3 3 12 13 802 657 2 172 10, 838 37 14 62 99 3 4,065 3, 542 14 173 21, 702 78 3 35 191 286 12, 122 10, 781 43 174 583 1 1 5 11 405 381 1 175 673 3 2 7 5 316 283 2 176 742 2 1 10 11 475 429 2 177 1,094 9 8 5 313 275 2 178 1,461 4 1 2 19 26 1,283 1,155 2 179 973 2 1 3 4 145 119 1 180 535 1 1 4 9 237 213 1 181 707 2 2 6 16 698 584 2 182 744 3 2 4 12 324 293 2 183 14, 190 51 2 23 125 187 7,926 7,049 28 184 19, 999 34 2 12 90 153 3 6,170 5, 442 12 19, 999 34 2 12 90 153 3 6, 170 5, 442 12 185 6S, 281 128 13 30 278 578 26 22, 796 20, 093 26 186 6,448 14 1 2 29 62 2,195 1.967 2 187 9,410 17 2 6 56 44 16 2,801 2,438 6 188 5, 765 11 3 18 44 1,864 1, 554 3 189 12, 433 25 3 6 45 114 3, 801 3, 422 3 190 6,451 12 2 18 56 6 2, 107 1,876 2 191 7,449 19 5 4 57 115 4 4,884 4,223 4 192 4,212 9 3 20 43 1,617 1,431 2 193 13, 113 21 2 4 35 100 3, 527 3, 182 4 194 49, 983 103 7 48 275 438 3 19, 180 17,440 40 195 2,029 5 2 9 20 768 703 2 196 2,597 5 2 12 21 1 955 861 2 197 4,513 7 1 4 36 40 2,044 1,841 4 198 509375 0—59 - 8 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 ■ Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group SOUTH — Continued NORTH CAROLINA— Continued Group III — Continued Lexington _ Monroe _ Reidsville _ Sanford _ Thomasville _ Other cities (estimated). Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Group IV Asheboro _ Chapel Hill _ Hendersonville _ Laurinburg _ Lumberton _ Mooresville _ Morganton _ Other cities (estimated). Group V _ _ Canton _ Clinton _ Elkin _ _ . Rockingham _ Southern Pines _ Wadesboro _ Other cities (estimated). OKLAHOMA Group I Oklahoma City. Tulsa _ Group II Enid _ Lawton _ Muskogee. Norman... Group III. Ardmore _ Duncan _ El Reno _ McAlester _ _ Miami _ Okmulgee.. _ _ Sapulpa _ Stillwater _ Other cities (estimated). Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Group IV. Altus Alva.. Classroom teachers (positions) Men 13 4 111 Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 94 42 71 68 66 949 602 58 61 29 50 30 50 324 1,870 13 902 1,108 5 39, 306 91 3, 202 59 1,849 44 1,520 75 2 2,873 87 3, 124 48 1,711 52 1,906 652 3 23. 121 1,031 74 70 31 76 51 65 61 57 546 653 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 3, 481 1,322 2, 539 2,190 2,312 32, 534 21, 002 2,066 2,214 934 1,797 1,069 1,613 11,309 74, 836 36, 824 38, 012 21, 384 4,322 7,841 6, 582 2,639 36, 138 2,927 2,709 1,309 2, 171 1,740 2,132 2,246 1,772 19, 132 25, 044 2, 222 770 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS : CITIES 105 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women 1 (positions)2 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3,178 7 1 2 13 24 1,017 920 2 199 1, 230 3 2 4 12 393 353 2 200 2,310 7 2 17 25 1, 114 1,010 2 201 2, 047 3 1 4 7 13 618 566 1 202 2,089 4 1 12 20 763 722 1 203 29, 990 62 4 29 165 263 2 11,508 10,464 24 204 34, 705 70 32 158 308 2 12, 085 10, 678 34 205 2,914 5 2 10 20 851 773 2 206 i; 689 3 2 11 17 636 575 2 207 i; 30? 3 2 9 18 602 523 2 2C8 2; 320 5 1 7 19 1 703 556 2 209 2. 799 5 2 6 20 687 617 2 210 1,539 4 2 9 19 709 637 2 211 1,727 4 2 13 14 788 715 2 212 20,415 41 19 93 181 1 7, 109 6, 281 20 213 18, 657 52 20 122 193 7, 975 7,116 22 214 1,940 7 1 11 18 701 661 1 215 1,937 5 2 16 17 950 823 2 216 812 3 1 6 11 360 337 1 217 1,586 4 2 8 23 841 729 2 218 922 2 1 6 8 334 293 2 219 1,414 3 2 9 12 495 441 v 2 220 10, 046 28 11 66 104 4,294 3, 832 \ 12 221 62, 707 130 24 52 640 804 40,894 34, 185 30 222 30, 877 77 14 37 341 410 20, 844 17, 141 16 223 31, 830 53 10 15 299 394 20, 050 17,044 14 224 17, 585 57 18 194 253 13 10, 954 9,424 13 225 3, 781 15 4 42 71 5 2,932 2,591 4 226 5,818 18 7 56 65 3, 845 3, 177 3 227 5, 727 16 5 64 74 8 2,356 2,057 4 228 2,259 8 2 32 43 1,821 1,589 2 229 31, 718 119 2 40 323 565 9 25, 651 22, 850 43 230 2,472 7 3 22 31 1 419 1,234 3 231 2,481 3 3 20 50 2 1,949 1,795 3 232 1,184 7 1 3 10 37 1 1,144 1,042 2 233 1,846 8 3 22 33 1,668 1,512 3 234 1,589 7 1 7 30 1,308 1, 182 1 235 1,853 8 2 25 30 1,611 1,448 2 236 1,965 9 2 22 25 1,602 1,330 3 237 1,536 7 2 24 30 1 1,370 1,210 3 238 16, 792 63 1 21 171 299 5 13, 580 12, 097 23 239 21, 864 86 48 281 336 16, 810 14, 986 58 240 1,766 4 3 13 21 1, 149 1,025 3 241 671 3 2 13 11 621 554 2 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 ►le 3. ■ Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools , by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion * Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SOUTH— Continued OKLAHOMA— Continued Group IV — Continued Bethany _ 1 1 6 12 610 Clinton 1 1 7 35 1,234 Elk City 1 4 6 22 865 Frederick _ 1 3 7 24 914 1 5 9 29 1,418 Hobart - ... _ __ . 1 4 1 23 758 Holdenvi lie 1 5 6 20 802 1 1 28 842 Other cities (estimated) 14 43 71 381 14, 609 46 43 74 597 21,130 Cordell ... _ _ 1 1 5 6 382 Idabel 1 2 3 30 1,012 Kingfisher _ _ 1 1 14 419 Mangum 1 2 16 537 Marlow _ _ . 4 1 1 18 642 Pawnee 1 1 1 14 406 Picher _ _ 1 2 3 18 597 Poteau 1 3 20 736 Tahlequah.. . ... _ 1 1 1 19 713 Tonkawa 1 2 11 388 Wagoner 1 1 6 15 664 Watonga . . .......... 1 1 1 16 510 Weatherford 1 2 13 418 Other cities (estimated) _ 30 28 48 387 13, 706 SOUTH CAROLINA Group II _ 16 12 35 34 980 11 32,758 Charleston _ 6 3 9 13 234 2 8,732 Columbia _ _ 5 6 15 6 519 2 17, 136 Spartanburg _ 5 3 11 15 227 7 6, 890 Group III _ 10 7 47 23 981 10 32, 148 Anderson _ _ 1 12 2 192 6, 074 Florence _ _ 3 12 7 213 6 7,205 Sumter 2 4 4 5 184 6,010 Other cities (estimated) _ . 4 3 19 9 392 4 12,859 Group IV _ _ . 18 24 66 1, 014 38, 556 Laurens _ . 2 5 96 3, 937 Marion _ _ 1 4 6 73 2,489 Other cities (estimated) 15 20 55 845 32, 130 Group V _ 20 1 19 52 750 2 27, 196 Cheraw _ 1 3 6 56 2,168 Clover _ 4 2 3 49 1,905 Honea Path _ 1 2 2 63 2,250 Manning _ 1 10 80 3, 260 Mullins _ 1 11 60 2,392 Ware Shoals _ 1 1 2 40 1,313 Williamston . 2 1 2 80 2, 398 York _ 2 3 1 72 1 2,445 Other cities (estimated) _ 7 6 17 250 1 9,065 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 107 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools 525 1,086 802 869 1,302 632 732 725 12,751 18,668 356 924 380 415 545 362 511 678 580 362 584 474 388 12, 109 7,713 15,310 6, 319 28, 248 5, 369 6. 368 5,212 11,299 31, 008 3, 052 2,116 25, 840 23, 213 Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) 1,762 1,619 2,054 2,760 2,033 1, 170 2,076 2,001 7,738 Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women 9 11 14 11 12 18 10 12 11 7 266 Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 7 21 9 7 10 6 7 13 21 7 11 9 1C 255 321 23 12 44 31 20 12 36 36 107 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 509 1,005 634 686 568 594 596 642 9, 806 19, 519 357 822 398 322 477 479 502 670 1,107 364 590 391 379 12,661 16, 280 3, 605 8,610 4,065 17, 245 3,790 3, 642 2,915 6,898 Average daily attend- 452 884 598 566 492 552 548 573 742 323 741 370 257 437 439 442 608 1,001 342 538 355 360 11,470 14, 147 3,134 7.671 3, 342 14, 537 3,312 2,928 2,482 5,815 19, 230 2,036 1, 169 16, 025 11, 627 791 439 1,292 1,254 1,036 511 1,371 1,057 3, 876 16, 674 1,762 1,017 13,895 9,972 Number of schools 672 390 1,011 1, 100 901 460 1,202 912 3, 324 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 252 263 264 265 2b6 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 264 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table S.—Personnel, enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SOUTH— Continued TENNESSEE 290 Group 1 _ 47 23 149 132 2, 969 8 87, 451 291 Chattanooga _ _ 14 4 33 34 464 1 15, 899 292 Knoxville _ 8 7 30 32 412 13, 946 293 Memphis ... 16 6 55 41 1 562 40 282 294 Nashville _ 9 6 31 25 531 7 17! 324 295 Group II _ 14 3 25 3 411 3 12, 228 296 Jackson _ _ 2 2 7 137 4, 224 297 Johnson City 2 9 1 121 3 421 298 Oak Ridge.. _ 10 1 9 2 153 3 4, 583 299 Group III _ 13 3 29 80 669 22 21, 977 300 Clarksville 2 4 18 79 2 2 823 301 Elizabethton _ 2 1 10 61 2 1,901 302 Kingsport _ 2 1 4 6 143 6 4, 181 303 Morristown 1 6 6 82 2 2 915 304 Murfreesboro5. .. 1 1 3 10 53 2 1,916 305 Other cities (estimated) _ 5 1 11 30 251 8 8, 241 306 Group IV ... . . 16 14 40 62 662 21, 720 307 Athens 2 5 1 12 55 1 996 308 Franklin _ 1 2 5 41 1, 172 309 Greeneville. . 1 5 1 53 1 425 310 Lebanon _ 1 1 3 5 60 1,978 311 Maryville _ 1 3 38 1 162 312 McMinnville5 .. 1 3 5 36 1,414 313 Paris 5 _ 1 1 3 3 48 1,713 314 Other cities (estimated) _ 8 7 20 31 331 10, 860 315 Group V 14 2 12 33 317 11, 072 316 Clinton _ 1 1 3 23 906 317 Dayton _ 1 1 1 18 562 318 Etowah . . 1 2 3 18 646 319 Newport. _ 1 1 3 25 834 320 Sparta _ _ 1 1 3 25 830 321 Sweetwater 1 1 27 967 322 Other cities (estimated).. . 8 1 7 19 181 6, 327 TEXAS 323 Group 1 _ 64 65 439 558 9, 104 77 343, 219 324 Austin _ 8 10 27 24 542 29 15, 996 325 Corpus Christi ... 10 1 32 45 612 28, 644 326 Dallas . . ... . 6 16 100 217 2, 067 17 84, 256 327 El Paso ._ . 8 8 29 93 719 30, 753 328 Fort Worth _ 6 7 68 71 1,218 23 45, 608 329 Houston _ 20 20 118 70 2, 794 8 96, 505 330 San Antonio _ 6 3 65 38 1,152 41,457 331 Group II 55 26 194 268 3, 476 20 116, 593 332 Abilene _ . 3 15 21 234 7, 827 333 Amarillo _ 6 3 24 30 371 11,652 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 109 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom l Other non-! Enroll- I I Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment | Average Number 1 daily dumber of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) I tional staff | girls) ance Men Women 1 (positions)2 9 10 ll 12 15 14 15 16 17 18 76. 724 147 23 « 675 1 1. 148 54 69, 529 60, 820 63 13,910 33 3 13 124 | 210 14 i 9,620 i 8,248 15 12, 114 30 10 11 171 200 7 9,372 ! 8.069 11 35, 153 53 2 24 239 456 16 39,967 ! 35,284 1 22 15, 547 31 8 15 141 282 17 10,570 | 9.219 15 11, 036 24 1 10 97 186 8 7, 428 6,718 — 9 3, 955 7 3 24 49 2 2.051 1,851 3 3, 109 9 3 29 50 ! 2. 071 1,903 3 3; 972 8 1 4 44 87 | 6 3, 306 2,964 3 19, 748 40 7 13 110 181 13 6,754 6, 074 - 18 2, 463 4 1 3 30 I 37 5 1,527 1,344 3 1,742 6 1 1 1 2 35 32 2 3, 869 5 1 2 20 45 3 1,345 1,251 4 ; 2,595 6 1 2 18 29 1,314 1,169 j 2 1 674 4 7,405 15 3 51 41 68 5 2,533 2.278 " 7 19, 904 56 2 6 40 94 3,486 3, 208 8 1,836 5 1, 115 3 1,308 6 1 2 9 31 1,102 1,003 2 1,846 4 1,063 3 1 11 16 641 601 2 1.235 3 1, 549 4 9, 952 28 1 3 20 47 1,743 1,604 4 10, 283 30 827 3 524 2 627 2 775 2 764 2 890 2 5, 876 17 290, 543 476 65 211 1,738 3,951 391 | 125,393 109,493 121 14,631 37 6 20 111 297 35 9.543 9, 022 11 21,327 31 8 18 129 272 37 6,128 4.909 9 69. 926 105 6 29 482 563 75 21,340 16. 954 21 26, 403 38 7 6 125 347 13 7,459 6, 169 7 42.156 73 8 67 338 520 82 12. 168 11.591 21 80. 650 122 26 50 230 1,447 94 46. 005 40, 628 31 35. 450 70 4 21 323 505 55 22, 750 20. 220 21 103, 969 235 49 73 853 1, 680 55 : 55, 609 49, 945 » 6,804 20 6 6 74 122 6 | 4,717 ! 4. 101 2 1 10, 953 24 6 12 112 1 202 1 _ 1 6, 878 1 6, 653 1 8 1 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 32! 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 >le 3.- • Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools, by level , Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 SOUTH — Continued TEXAS— Continued Group II — Continued Beaumont: Independent School District. _ . South Park District3 _ Brownsville _ Galveston _ Laredo _ Lubbock _ Port Arthur _ San Angelo _ Temple _ Tyler _ Waco _ Wichita Falls _ Group III _ Borger _ Brownwood _ Cleburne _ Corsicana _ Denison _ Gainesville _ Lamesa _ Longview _ Lufkin _ Marshall _ McKinney _ New Brannfels _ Palestine _ Pampa _ Plainview _ Terrell _ Vernon _ Other cities (estimated). Group IV Alamo Heights _ Arlington _ Athens _ Bay City _ Beeville _ Belton _ Brenham _ Childress _ Coleman _ Colorado _ Dalhart _ El Campo _ Freeport _ Gladewater _ Henderson _ Hereford _ Kerrville _ Kilgore _ Marlin _ Monahans _ Navasota _ Rusk _ 16 8 14 9 13 21 9 13 2 7 22 21 24 245 10 152 43 256 8 225 30 179 25 417 33 233 13 209 3 109 9 203 9 330 10 313 124 1 2 1 2 6 1 1 3 18 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 79 123 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 9 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 44 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 28 35 1 3 1 1 1 1 265 476 8 6 8 8 3 1 3 11 8 10 6 5 1 5 7 1 5 169 190 8 9 11 5 6 1 13 18 7 8 24 10 14 8 24 6 304 435 3 9 1 2 6 4 1 2 2 1 4 1 6 1 5 2 4 1 4 1 1 1 17 5 10 3 2 5 2 4 7 4 12 9 6 4 4 1 13 14 1 1 4, 014 112 73 80 79 100 46 71 138 91 140 48 60 64 109 124 57 60 2, 562 4,450 80 151 48 67 70 38 41 39 40 40 37 58 155 43 60 56 39 88 56 60 48 24 Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 footnotes at end of table. Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 8 8,135 4, 764 9, 358 7,391 7,865 13, 163 9, 303 5, 795 3, 481 6, 320 9,757 11,782 139, 175 3, 598 2, 391 2, 524 3, 408 2, 877 1,485 2,761 4,615 3, 506 4,481 2, 348 2, 081 2, 081 3, 770 4, 248 2,165 2, 001 88, 835 143, 906 2, 268 5,135 1,476 2,162 2,091 1,250 1,212 1,107 1, 184 1,330 1,039 1,859 4,812 1,321 1,868 2,211 1,300 2,131 1,913 1,943 1,626 742 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 111 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom i Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) 1 tional staff girls) ance Men Women i (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 7, 221 18 6 9 46 199 5. 003 4, 761 7 334 4, 361 10 2 2 43 62 1,579 1,408 3 335 8, 334 17 4 1 44 21 4 1,691 1,425 2 336 6,413 9 7 8 50 92 9 2,670 2,239 4 337 6, 624 17 3 48 71 3, 435 3,112 17 338 11,457 25 2 7 124 175 15 6,825 5, 922 7 339 8,348 12 7 4 65 201 5, 803 5, 223 3 340 5, 142 17 4 55 % 3, 228 2,783 4 341 2,969 10 1 4 25 68 2.313 1,979 4 342 5, 909 13 5 2 44 97 8 2, 546 2,170 2 343 9, 180 22 2 7 79 174 13 5, 901 5.663 7 344 10.254 21 1 4 44 100 3, 020 2,506 4 345 120, 513 337 28 100 1,144 1,468 56 52, 372 47, 274 105 346 2,924 8 2 41 47 2,308 1,975 2 347 2,071 6 1 2 19 28 1 837 769 2 348 2.358 8 2 14 19 806 790 2 349 2,541 8 3 24 38 1.576 1,336 3 350 2, 595 8 1 2 30 37 4 1,022 992 3 351 1,379 4 2 18 32 1,013 949 2 352 2,241 4 1 18 18 1 730 639 2 353 4, 171 11 1 3 42 51 1,415 1,259 3 354 3, 200 9 1 2 28 51 1 1,328 1,190 2 355 4,026 10 1 3 26 43 3 1,639 1,438 3 356 2,036 7 1 20 19 2 725 627 2 357 1,630 4 2 28 14 885 1,006 2 358 1,871 11 2 21 23 1 1,023 916 2 359 3,352 7 3 3 12 69 3 1,277 1,109 2 360 3, 555 10 2 21 21 1, 110 949 2 361 1,870 3 1 2 14 21 2 596 547 2 362 1,770 4 1 2 38 2 653 608 2 363 76, 923 215 18 64 730 937 36 33. 429 30, 175 67 364 125, 495 353 58 140 1,168 1, 641 155 54, 549 48, 490 149 365 1,864 3 3 28 43 3 1,687 1,474 2 366 4,795 8 3 1 14 30 4 1,208 1,065 1 367 1,336 2 1 1 13 12 1 537 487 2 368 1.937 4 2 19 16 3 655 575 2 369 1,870 6 2 18 23 3 871 850 2 370 1,073 4 2 16 19 658 622 2 371 1,094 8 1 2 17 13 1 635 575 2 372 994 5 1 1 8 14 3 371 339 2 373 1, 107 4 1 2 6 17 2 388 351 2 374 1,260 3 1 2 9 21 460 420 2 375 908 4 1 1 11 10 1 372 319 2 376 1,617 8 2 17 15 628 581 2 377 3, 920 7 5 5 52 53 7 2,634 2,214 5 378 1,157 4 1 2 31 20 4 966 879 1 379 1,679 6 1 2 13 31 3 799 688 2 380 1,560 4 1 20 22 630 527 1 381 1,177 3 2 19 22 2 529 482 2 382 1,926 5 1 3 57 4 846 652 2 383 1,772 5 2 16 15 3 569 516 2 384 1,775 7 1 13 14 471 441 1 385 1,410 4 1 2 12 13 2 452 397 2 386 666 2 1 9 8 316 279 2 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-lime regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classi teacl (positi Men room lers ons) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SOUTH — Continued TEXAS— Contiuued Group IV — Continued Sulphur Springs _ 2 1 6 43 1 466 Uvalde _ 1 1 10 60 2,260 Weslaco _ ... . 1 1 3 8 83 3 577 Other cities (estimated) _ 81 23 125 286 2, 926 38 94! 623 Group V _ _ 162 10 175 546 3, 338 64 113, 940 Alvin _ 2 2 1 54 1 207 Benavides _ . 1 3 13 34 \, 355 Burkburnett _ 1 2 4 29 l[ 198 Center _ 1 1 8 39 1 536 Clarksville.. . . 1 2 1 25 3 972 Eastland _ 1 2 3 16 581 Electra _ 1 1 4 27 1 887 Fort Stockton . 1 3 4 47 2 1 261 Gatesville _ 1 1 2 39 1 l’ 165 Georgetown . . 1 2 3 32 1 991 Gilmer _ 1 2 9 31 1 171 Hamilton _ 1 1 1 2 19 ’ 545 Jasper _ _ 1 1 1 11 34 1 1,483 Kaufman _ 1 2 20 780 Kenedy _ 1 3 2 30 1 058 La Grange _ _ _ 5 6 24 ’ 900 Lampasas _ 1 4 36 1 100 La Porte _ 2 3 38 l’ 241 Liberty _ _ _ 1 4 10 44 1 1 364 Luling _ 1 2 3 36 1 081 Marfa . .. 1 1 4 20 1 ’ 768 McCamey _ 1 1 5 32 3 880 Memphis 3 3 24 795 Nocona _ 1 21 5 699 Olney _ 1 1 5 21 838 Paducah _ . 1 2 16 646 Refugio _ 1 3 10 30 3 1 024 San Saba _ 1 2 24 711 Silsbee _ 1 2 3 57 1 2 026 Sinton _ .. 1 4 6 52 1,928 Smithville _ 1 6 20 725 Teague _ 1 1 2 18 728 Wellington _ 2 3 7 20 691 Wharton _ 9 1 4 4 58 2 1,535 Other cities (estimated). _ 111 7 120 374 2. 287 44 78, 070 VIRGINIA Group 1 _ . _ 29 30 109 148 2, 437 104 76, 228 Arlington _ . 11 7 26 25 416 75 12, 471 Norfolk _ 10 13 45 43 1,064 8 33, 747 Richmond _ 8 10 38 80 957 21 30, 010 Group II 22 40 96 93 1, 942 6 60, 289 Alexandria .. 3 3 14 14 316 4 8, 579 Charlottesville _ 1 1 6 7 116 3,215 Danville... 3 2 10 12 208 6, 646 Lynchburg 2 9 9 14 213 6, 707 Newport News.. . 3 5 10 4 180 6,104 Petersburg _ 4 2 11 13 1 168 2 5,317 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 113 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955—56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom )ther non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc- and attend¬ schools ance tions) ional staff girls) ance Men Women [positions)2 9 10 ll 12 r 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,336 5 3 20 28 1 976 932 3 388 i; 920 5 1 2 12 22 4 564 509 3 389 2,825 5 1 1 7 24 3 459 432 2 390 82,517 232 38 92 768 1,079 102 35, 868 31, 884 98 391 100, 570 318 22 143 1, 064 1,096 114 38,772 35, 036 187 392 1,136 2 2 28 25 2 895 849 2 393 1,210 2 2 14 8 458 425 2 394 927 3 1 5 11 1 302 248 1 395 1,246 2 1 14 7 1 527 441 2 396 909 3 2 10 16 5 402 390 2 397 467 4 1 5 5 227 199 1 398 800 4 1 1 9 8 2 331 294 2 399 1,104 4 1 11 6 4 262 232 1 400 1,020 2 2 13 10 1 388 350 2 401 860 4 1 8 8 2 350 319 2 402 1,063 5 2 10 13 2 417 364 2 403 520 1 1 6 6 228 223 1 404 1,334 3 1 2 15 18 1 544 482 2 405 741 2 1 11 10 337 320 2 406 963 4 1 1 5 9 1 199 188 1 407 830 2 1 1 7 11 411 387 2 408 936 3 1 1 12 9 1 377 349 2 409 1,148 3 1 13 12 350 332 1 410 1,202 3 1 12 10 2 506 448 2 411 955 3 2 8 7 1 339 306 2 412 628 3 1 3 8 1 207 180 1 413 773 2 1 10 11 1 245 210 2 414 675 4 1 4 7 1 210 185 2 415 650 2 1 9 7 272 257 1 416 651 2 1 6 10 279 240 1 417 503 2 1 3 7 209 184 2 418 956 4 1 10 10 1 356 317 2 419 649 2 1 7 7 230 201 1 420 1,836 3 1 16 17 2 680 608 4 421 1,573 4 1 8 6 2 313 288 1 422 633 2 1 1 9 8 335 292 2 423 611 2 2 8 12 344 298 2 424 659 4 1 2 9 6 247 229 2 425 1.493 5 3 17 20 2 429 395 2 426 68, 909 218 15 98 729 751 78 26, 566 24,006 128 427 65, 232 123 24 58 404 965 67 29, 258 26, 636 30 428 11,768 37 8 22 145 280 43 8, 663 8, 287 8 429 28. 350 45 6 9 ' 142 385 11,185 9, 808 9 430 25, 114 41 10 27 117 300 24 9.410 8, 541 13 431 53, 613 115 23 35 383 700 19 23,480 20, 978 26 432 8, 104 14 2 2 42 97 12 3, 035 2,939 2 433 3,009 6 2 2 25 36 1,200 1,175 2 434 5, 936 13 3 4 46 74 2 2,612 2,290 4 435 6, 052 20 6 40 70 4 2,527 2,229 2 436 5,253 9 3 6 52 82 2,924 2, 519 2 437 4, 635 1 11 2 35 49 1 2,023 1,739 2 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 ie 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level , Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Men Women i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SOUTH — Continued VIRGIN IA-Continued Group II— Continued Portsmouth _ 2 13 15 14 318 10 986 Roanoke _ ... 4 5 21 15 423 12| 735 Group III _ _ 11 9 29 21 546 2 17, 727 Fredericksburg _ 1 1 2 1 51 1, 516 Harrisonburg _ _ 1 1 3 52 1652 Martinsville _ 2 6 6 94 2 835 Staunton _ 1 1 2 2 54 1 i, 073 Suffolk _ _ 1 2 4 1 48 1 637 Waynesboro _ 1 1 2 4 65 2 105 Other cities (estimated)... _ 4 3 10 7 182 1 5; 909 Group IV _ 9 14 11 185 5 5, 570 Buena Vista _ 1 1 1 25 956 Clifton Forge _ 3 2 1 27 756 Falls Church _ 2 3 6 47 4 1,315 Radford _ 1 5 1 49 l’ 429 Other cities (estimated) _ 2 3 2 37 1 l| 114 WEST Group 1 (cities of 100.000 347 258 1, 290 4, 394 19, 215 422 807, 651 population or more). Group II (cities of 25,000 255 225 774 2, 005 11,475 161 433, 044 to 99,999 population). Group III (cities of 10,000 417 188 777 2, 399 11, 743 246 436, 865 to 24, 999 population). Group IV (cities of 5.000 234 90 372 1, 267 5, 376 42 209, 830 to 9,999 population). Group V (cities of 2,500 to 292 33 382 1, 193 5,789 56 213, 739 4,999 population). ARIZONA Group 1 ... . . 49 29 65 430 1, 339 43 51, 005 Phoenix: Elementary District. .. . 38 29 65 430 1,339 43 51, 005 High School District 4 _ 11 Group II _ 21 8 40 156 589 7 23, 893 Tucson _ _ 21 8 40 156 589 7 23, 893 Group III _ . 6 1 7 36 150 4 6, 374 Mesa _ 6 1 7 36 150 4 6, 374 Group IV 24 8 42 140 574 3 24, 630 Douglas.. . 1 6 15 66 2, 605 Flagstaff _ 2 5 20 67 3,032 Glendale: Elementary District _ 2 1 3 4 62 3, 091 High School District. . . . 2 Nogales _ 1 4 11 33 1.518 3 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 115 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom ( )ther non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily dumber of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of schools (posi- tions) instruc- and attend¬ schools ance ti’ons) 1 :ional staff girls) ance Men Women ( [positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9, 266 19 3 5 43 116 3, 978 3, 476 4 11,358 23 10 8 100 176 5, 181 4,611 8 15. 575 39 3 18 164 237 1 7, 493 6, 711 18 1,351 3 9 11 24 747 680 2 l’ 357 3 1 2 13 17 555 504 2 2,497 7 2 32 37 1,311 1, 162 2 1,812 5 2 17 19 1 821 736 2 1,520 4 2 18 41 793 711 2 1, 846 4 1 2 18 20 768 681 2 5, 192 13 1 6 55 79 2,498 2,237 6 4, 984 15 3 5 47 69 4 2, 394 2,170 6 865 2 1 1 6 10 315 285 1 673 2 1 ] 5 10 352 328 2 1, 167 3 1 16 13 3 598 532 1 1,282 5 1 10 22 650 591 1 997 3 1 1 10 14 1 479 434 1 687, 667 1, 175 210 651 7, 886 7, 886 601 412, 626 366, 400 263 379, 483 818 161 298 4, 943 4, 296 208 238, 328 212, 155 201 391, 639 925 147 337 5, 366 3, 656 312 219, 427 199, 791 208 182, 713 490 31 142 2,243 1, 503 135 89, 066 78, 461 129 184, 060 603 13 208 2, 583 1, 712 106 93, 477 83, 138 189 42, 501 65 3 14 317 186 33 14, 152 11, 272 5 42, 501 65 3 14 317 186 33 14, 152 11,272 5 19 799 43 6 3 151 109 ll 6,449 5, 321 2 19, 799 43 6 3 151 109 11 6, 449 5, 321 2 5, 354 7 2 3 41 25 3 1, 988 1, 590 2 5, 354 7 2 3 41 25 3 1,988 1,590 2 21, 263 62 2 18 222 117 18 8, 975 7, 579 13 2,217 7 1 21 7 1 734 604 1 2,759 10 1 22 8 1 765 642 1 2,393 3 6 50 27 5 2,279 1,908 3 1.249 5 1 11 4 1 332 271 1 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 450 451 452 453 454 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for Other non- Enroll¬ admin- Classroom istra- Super- Principals teachers super- ment tion 1 visors (posi¬ (positions) visory (boys (posi¬ tions) tions) instruc¬ and Men Women tional staff (positions)2 girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WEST — Continued ARIZONA — Continued Group IV — Continued Tempe: Elementary District _ 3 3 5 25 80 2 3,214 High School District. 1 Winslow 3 3 11 45 1,697 9, 473 Other cities (estimated) 9 3 16 54 221 1 18 30 165 672 13 28, 237 Avondale _ ... 1 1 10 35 1 1,801 2,114 2, 045 819 Bisbee 2 4 10 63 Chandler ... . 1 2 16 48 1 Clifton 1 1 7 22 Coolidge _ 1 2 12 63 3 2,155 2, 361 16, 942 Eloy 3 1 2 11 38 Other cities (estimated) 11 18 99 403 8 CALIFORNIA Group 1 214 157 822 1,979 12, 558 246 523, 518 Berkeley _ 11 6 14 16 249 2 10, 639 46, 746 Long Beach 4 _ 20 17 51 101 1,105 6, 568 1,041 422 98 Los Angeles 4 _ 93 65 421 1,308 109 62 300, 923 Oakland 4 _ 32 17 69 3 37, 181 14, 160 Pasadena 4 _ _ 6 18 26 49 4 Sacramento 4 _ . 8 6 28 50 512 3 16, 442 47, 295 50, 132 San Diego 4. 26 10 80 183 1,174 1,487 73 San Francisco 4. _ . . 18 18 133 163 1 Group II _ _ 158 150 416 1,144 6,487 142 252, 492 Alameda. _ . 5 3 13 40 223 1 8,127 Alhambra _ 7 6 11 33 187 19 8, 067 19, 164 2, 520 Bakersfield 10 10 24 88 473 33 Beverly Hills _ 2 2 4 6 84 11 Burbank _ 4 5 16 27 295 11,107 Compton: Elementary District 4 8 20 48 329 2 16, 466 High School District 5 Fresno ... 7 4 36 95 530 4 20, 517 Glendale _ _ _ 5 24 21 51 288 6 11,001 Inglewood.. _ 4 5 13 36 116 3 4, 830 Lynwood _ 5 7 12 110 5, 773 6,759 Palo Alto 4 4 17 51 177 7 Pomona _ 3 6 11 68 124 2 6, 622 Redondo Beach: Elementary District 3 10 48 211 3 6, 953 High School District 9 Redwood City: Elementary District 7 4 15 52 266 16 9, 778 High School District 2 Richmond 4 6 22 70 384 2 15, 201 Riverside 7 7 11 36 286 8, 784 15, 164 San Bernardino _ . 6 6 26 72 421 6 San Jose _ 5 4 22 42 317 2 13, 239 San Leandro 6 7 11 34 190 1 7,734 San Mateo: Elementary District _ 3 6 19 _ 40 291 1 9, 308 High School District _ 2 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 117 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens) — Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) 1 Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2.948 7 17 1 1 24 15 1 895 756 1 18 1,519 6 1 9 11 3 518 483 1 19 8.178 24 1 7 85 45 7 3,452 2,915 5 20 21,425 47 8 138 103 5 5, 533 4,708 8 21 1.254 1 22 1.776 5 1 13 16 655 549 1 23 1,591 4 1 18 10 2 663 578 1 24 753 2 1 24 15 895 756 1 25 1,641 4 26 1,555 3 27 12, 855 28 5 83 62 3 3, 320 2,825 5 28 442, 863 735 149 471 5. 687 5,540 386 287, 851 260,804 182 29 8, 647 17 3 7 112 117 34 6,792 5,774 5 30 38, 072 53 16 16 498 320 100 22, 098 19, 516 15 31 245, 293 379 48 246 3, 269 2,952 53 163, 927 146.816 88 32 34. 795 64 15 42 406 427 20 19,824 19,677 18 33 13, 182 26 28 25 255 202 21 11, 159 10, 999 8 34 13,453 30 8 18 214 222 55 10,913 9, 276 9 35 45, 094 70 16 51 497 427 67 22. 429 21,063 16 36 44, 327 96 15 66 436 873 36 30, 709 27, 683 23 37 222, 329 431 no 185 3,151 2, 591 155 144, 822 130, 871 113 38 7,517 13 2 2 56 54 4 2,284 2,142 2 39 6,866 11 4 131 98 5 5, 737 5. 067 3 40 18, 206 25 41 2, 142 4 2 5 33 33 4 1,275 1.084 1 42 9, 672 16 3 5 136 150 5 7,526 6, 875 5 43 12, 518 19 44 2 21 178 175 11,315 8. 871 7 45 18,010 37 5 10 280 189 8 11,782 11,062 9 46 9, 797 22 18 15 120 188 6 8,065 7,636 8 47 4,405 14 9 11 100 94 3 4.606 4.421 4 48 4, 525 10 1 2 88 40 2,276 1,844 1 49 5, 873 19 3 8 96 81 4 3, 421 3, 079 4 50 5, 877 11 4 10 62 58 2 3, 679 3, 263 3 51 6, 478 12 52 2 109 60 14 4,115 3. 964 2 53 8,610 14 54 10 3 119 135 6 5, 546 5, 325 3 55 13, 923 22 6 10 280 263 2 12,451 11,712 9 56 7,743 11 1 5 173 150 7,775 7, 386 5 57 14.251 32 5 11 240 126 20 9, 865 9, 360 11 58 10, 591 23 4 9 182 124 11 9, 399 7,519 10 59 7,487 11 1 3 95 43 4 2, 201 2,160 3 60 8, 526 19 61 8 4 135 86 6 4, 607 4,310 4 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Men Women ' l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WEST— Continued CALIFORNIA— Continued Group II — Continued Santa Ana « _ 11 4 17 48 210 10 8, 426 Santa Barbara 4 _ 3 5 11 11 163 3 4,967 Santa Monica 4 _ 17 9 12 23 187 1 5,868 Stockton 4 _ 3 10 30 100 367 3 16, 035 Vallejo _ 5 5 17 13 258 6 10, 082 Group III _ 301 146 524 1, 710 7, 639 170 289, 031 Anaheim: Elementary District _ 3 6 12 29 187 8 7,543 High School District _ 3 e * Azusa: Elementary District _ 3 5 28 79 6 3,419 High School District. . . 3 Burlingame _ . 2 6 8 16 80 7 2, 561 Chula Vista: Elementary District _ 6 4 13 27 190 4 8, 261 High School District 5 Colton : Elementary District _ 2 2 6 34 83 1 3, 654 High School District _ 5 Coronado _ 2 2 3 7 67 2, 593 Culver City... 4 3 7 16 117 6 3,814 Fullerton: Elementary District _ 3 2 11 43 215 1 7,003 High School District _ 4 Hermosa Beach _ 3 6 22 46 2, 373 Madera: Elementary District 2 8 7 23 89 3, 404 High School District _ 3 Manhattan Beach . - . ... _ 4 3 10 30 128 2 4,951 Merced: Elementary District _ 2 4 10 25 107 1 4, 487 High School District 1 Modesto _ .. 7 4 19 86 247 9 10, 177 Monrovia: Elementary District _ 2 2 7 12 146 3 4, 582 High School District . _ 2 Napa: Elementary District _ 1 1 6 12 77 2, 871 High School District . _ 2 Piedmont _ . 2 3 3 34 1 1,256 San Marino _ 3 4 10 73 2, 121 Santa Clara _ . 1 2 6 6 86 3, 033 Santa Paula: Elementary District.. ... 2 5 26 60 9 2, 171 High School District. . . 3 Santa Rosa _ 2 9 10 103 2, 993 South Pasadena 2 4 44 1,420 South San Francisco _ 2 2 10 39 174 6, 227 Torrance _ 1 16 103 313 3 13, 377 Ventura: Elementary District 2 3 7 17 91 5 3,110 High School District _ 5 Visalia _ 6 2 5 19 111 3, 874 Watsonville _ 1 3 9 62 1 2, 081 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 119 public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56— Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar- Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classr teach (positi Men oom l ers ons) ■ Women i Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 7, 328 18 4 83 55 10 3, 867 3, 442 4 4,469 11 15 10 84 74 16 3,914 3, 771 3 5,165 12 6 115 97 6 4,438 3, 950 3 13, 630 26 10 17 156 156 6 9,192 7,813 4 8, 720 19 1 8 100 62 13 5,486 4,815 5 262, 041 557 97 223 3, 802 2, 294 210 148, 975 137, 160 112 6, 744 13 1 9 109 71 3 4,941 4, 694 1 3, 249 5 4 38 42 1,910 1,815 1 2, 373 8 6, 650 13 19 151 110 14 7, 673 6, 370 8 3, 391 7 1 1 40 20 1 1,816 1,602 1 1,931 3 1 23 14 870 739 2 3, 340 7 1 2 66 45 10 2,191 2, 081 2 6, 168 10 2 89 48 7 2, 797 2, 382 2 1,949 6 3, 289 7 1 34 25 2 1,450 1,350 1 4, 449 8 4, 148 9 5 46 40 2, 560 2, 237 2 9, 874 23 1 2 91 62 13 3, 739 3, 590 2 4,153 8 13 5 42 25 3 1,901 1,793 1 2,754 6 3 3 99 34 3, 184 3, 057 ? 1,130 3 3 30 13 3 1,068 961 1 2,004 4 1 25 16 6 921 875 1 2,711 5 2 22 17 2 1,095 1,032 1 1,931 6 2 22 14 4 973 829 1 2, 522 9 3 101 64 3, 678 3,310 3 1,278 4 1 6 29 24 3 1,241 1,172 2 5. 349 11 1 23 28 3 1,070 919 1 12, 687 15 2 65 18 6 2, 561 2, 382 1 2, 911 9 10 97 56 3 075 2 974 3 3, 442 10 3 58 36 2, 042 1,878 2 1, 992 6 3 1 38 24 1 1,527 1,509 1 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 509375 0—59 - 9 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin- Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ istra- Super- Principals teachers super- ment tion 1 visors (posi¬ (positions) viso ry (boys (posi- tions) instruc¬ and tions) Men Women i tional staff (positions)2 girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WEST— Continued CALIFORNIA— Continued Group III — Continued Whittier: 106 Elementary District _ _ 4 4 14 53 141 4 5, 832 107 High School District _ . 14 108 Other cities (estimated) 177 86 308 1,005 4,489 100 169, 843 109 117 49 166 632 2. 398 20 94, 025 110 Banning _ 1 1 9 29 1,217 1,364 111 Claremont . 3 1 16 31 Delano: 112 Elementary District 3 3 17 62 2,524 113 High School District 3 El Monte: 114 Elementary District . _ 5 6 15 62 182 1 8, 604 115 High School District 3 116 El Segundo 3 3 4 17 69 1 2,410 Huntington Beach: 117 Elementary District 2 1 1 8 44 1,124 118 High School District 1 119 Lindsay _ 1 2 4 28 1,027 1,382 120 Lompoc 1 2 3 38 Mountain View: 121 Elementary District 2 1 6 22 67 1 2, 595 122 High School District 2 123 Palm Springs 2 i 6 14 53 2, 433 Porterville: 124 Elementary District 1 3 4 23 89 2 3,188 125 High School District 2 Roseville: 126 Elementary District 2 5 11 51 1 1,802 127 High School District 1 128 San Anselmo 2 1 6 9 53 1,850 772 129 Sierra Madre _ 1 1 3 22 1 Ukiah : 130 Elementary District,. . 1 2 3 12 64 2, 526 131 High School District 2 132 Upland 1 1 4 14 44 1 1,730 Yuba City: 133 Elementary District 2 1 4 15 57 1,987 134 High School District 3 1 135 Other cities (estimated).. . . 69 29 98 373 1,415 12 55, 490 136 Group V _ 105 12 124 446 1, 834 12 67, 852 137 Areata _ . 4 9 44 1,675 138 1 Beaumont 1 2 5 23 1,062 Brea: 139 Elementary District 1 2 12 32 1,051 140 High School District 1 141 Carlsbad 2 1 2 15 27 1 1,184 Clovis: 142 Elementary District 1 1 9 25 1,024 143 High School District 1 144 Dinuba ...... 2 2 3 15 20 1,147 145 Emeryville 1 2 12 1 340 Fillmore: 146 Elementary District 1 2 5 32 1,074 147 High School District _ 2 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 121 in public -school systems in cities of 2,500 population or moror 1955—56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5, 639 15 16 4 230 100 6 7, 150 7,010 4 153, 983 327 57 131 2,234 1,348 123 87, 542 80. 599 66 82, 598 174 12 51 1, 064 686 63 44, 123 39, 360 51 1,081 3 1 11 8 411 380 1 1, 225 2 1 22 11 1 739 702 2 2,014 4 45 14 1 1,308 1,264 1 6, 940 13 3 95 70 11 5,085 4, 158 3 2, 329 4 1 1 31 17 2 979 962 1 1,034 1 3 34 20 3 1,399 1. 147 1 974 2 2 15 10 1 643 630 2 1,134 2 1 21 8 2 697 571 1 2,355 4 4 33 26 2 1,738 1,637 1 1,675 7 2 15 12 1 631 520 1 3, 025 8 3 42 42 1 1,766 1,713 3 1,758 3 1 i 20 16 1 834 785 1 1,703 5 748 2 2, 252 3 1 27 13 1,002 939 2 1,665 4 1.940 4 1 25 14 851 723 1 48, 746 103 7 30 628 405 37 26, 040 23, 229 30 60, 664 155 5 55 912 lZZ 33 32, 824 29, 689 1,559 3 1 38 18 1 1,295 1.231 ----- 1 834 2 1 11 7 403 330 1 1,030 3 2 10 9 324 304 1 1,063 1 834 2 1 49 16 2 1 643 1 395 1 1,090 4 1 2 17 10 1 622 590 1 326 2 1 9 13 1 308 297 1 1,028 3 1 25 13 1 776 770 i 106 107 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance , and number of schools, by level , Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teac (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WEST — Continued CALIFORNIA— Continued Group V — Continued Healdsburg: 148 Elementary District 2 2 4 20 726 149 High School District. . . 1 150 Hemet 1 3 8 44 1 1 392 151 Hillsborough _ 5 3 7 32 1 005 152 Hollister _ 1 2 10 23 l! 002 Livermore: 153 Elementary District _ 2 2 4 11 66 2, 528 154 High School District. 1 Los Gatos: 155 Elementary District... ... 1 3 12 47 1,836 156 High School District _ 1 157 Nevada City _ . 1 5 9 440 Oakdale: 158 Elementary District 1 3 7 51 1 1,486 159 High School District. . . 1 160 Paradise 2 _ 1 5 18 799 161 Paso Robles _ 2 1 13 36 1,337 Placerville: 162 Elementary District _ . 1 1 35 983 163 High School District _ 1 Red Bluff. 164 Elementary District _ 3 3 32 1,090 165 High School District _ 2 166 Reedley: Elementary District.. . 1 3 10 27 1,041 167 High School Didstrict _ 1 168 Rialto _ 2 4 12 60 1 2, 252 169 Willows 1 1 8 28 l’ 112 170 Wood Lake 1 1 2 27 895 171 Other cities (estimated) 61 7 72 259 1,064 7 39, 371 COLORADO Group 1 22 21 102 391 1, 220 53, 053 172 Denver _ _ . 22 21 102 391 1,220 53, 053 173 Group II . 9 8 42 88 616 1 22, 423 174 Colorado Springs _ 3 6 20 23 259 9 142 175 Pueblo. 6 2 22 65 357 1 13, 281 176 Group III . _ _ . 24 5 33 65 663 6 20, 947 177 Aurora... 4 7 17 170 5, 389 178 Englewood _ 4 7 15 109 4 3 791 179 Fort Collins... 2 2 3 66 2, 052 180 Greeley _ . 6 1 5 11 97 2 733 181 Other cities (estimated) 8 2 11 22 221 2 S, 982 182 Group IV _ . 14 24 57 399 3 13, 509 183 Alamosa... . 1 2 3 34 905 184 Canon City 2 1 6 31 1,037 185 Durango 2 2 1 37 2 1 843 186 Lamar 2 4 11 43 1 323 187 Longmont.. . 1 3 10 52 1. 910 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 123 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 694 1 1 148 2 21 22 1,059 921 1 149 1,234 4 2 28 16 3 923 837 1 150 894 3 151 919 3 152 2, 030 3 153 1 17 11 640 618 1 154 1,774 4 155 1 24 18 925 907 1 156 400 1 157 1,396 3 158 1 27 19 3 1,243 1,131 1 159 665 3 1 6 4 325 276 1 160 1,288 4 1 15 8 690 512 1 161 830 3 162 2 31 12 968 839 1 163 1,024 3 164 2 21 11 1 751 719 1 165 922 3 166 1 1 34 10 1 883 785 1 167 1,972 4 168 917 2 169 741 1 170 35, 200 90 3 32 529 300 19 19, 046 17, 227 24 171 43, 994 80 12 72 613 457 26, 899 22, 515 18 43, 994 80 12 72 613 457 26, 899 22,515 18 172 19, 981 43 8 14 247 218 1 11, 665 10. 496 11 173 8,612 17 5 6 108 97 4.550 4,414 5 174 11,369 26 3 8 139 121 1 7,115 6,082 6 175 19, 465 54 7 21 247 305 8 11, 876 11, 158 17 176 5, 063 10 1 4 40 52 4 1,972 1,873 3 177 3,576 10 1 4 46 54 1 2,313 2, 207 3 178 1,873 8 2 3 33 52 1,925 1,771 2 179 2, 464 8 1 3 46 45 1,707 1,588 3 180 6, 489 18 2 7 82 102 3 3,959 3,719 6 181 12,199 39 11 123 105 8 4,883 4,499 12 182 861 2 2 19 16 1 725 704 2 183 963 6 1 20 21 1 847 818 3 184 1,544 4 2 21 18 1 837 714 2 185 1,221 4 186 1,643 6 2 1 22 15 2 846 763 1 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 >le 3. — Personnel , enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. City, by region, State, and group 1 WEST— Continued COLORADO — Continued Group IV — Continued Sterling _ Other cities (estimated) _ Group V _ . . Florence _ Las Animas: Elementary District _ High School District _ Leadville _ _ Montrose: Elementary District _ High School District _ Rocky Ford . . Other cities (estimated) _ IDAHO Group II Boise City _ Pocatello _ Group III . Coeur d'Alene _ Idaho Falls _ Moscow _ Twin Falls _ Other cities (estimated). Group IV Blackfoot _ Group V Gooding _ Grangeville _ Jerome _ Kellogg _ Payette _ Rexburg _ Weiser _ Other cities (estimated). MONTANA Group II _ Billings _ Butte _ Great Falls _ Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teacl (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 2 3 4 5 6 7 * 1 4 7 69 1,988 5 8 19 133 1 4, 503 12 22 32 250 7, 962 1 2 3 17 592 1 2 7 28 874 1 1 1 18 619 1 3 3 30 977 1 1 3 2 32 919 6 11 16 125 3, 981 9 5 30 35 405 13, 962 7 4 20 29 258 8, 705 2 1 10 6 147 5, 257 12 2 38 100 562 23, 795 1 1 19 63 2, 778 3 11 30 138 5, 687 1 4 6 35 1,280 2 1 6 2 85 3, 852 5 1 16 43 241 10, 198 1 6 50 2, 398 1 6 50 2, 398 17 5 30 53 453 17, 640 1 1 19 973 3 3 9 40 1,594 1 1 4 9 45 1,529 2 1 6 2 64 2, 576 1 1 2 4 31 1, 180 1 1 5 29 1,326 1 1 2 36 1,112 7 2 12 22 189 7,350 7 5 47 64 530 18, 120 2 2 18 20 200 6,148 1 17 35 152 5, 379 4 3 12 9 178 6, 593 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 125 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend- Number of schools 1,901 4,066 7, 376 35 1,628 1,500 6,030 5, 550 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 555 822 542 897 872 3, 688 12, 406 7,534 4,872 244 236 342 437 259 1,068 665 3,015 9,143 325 389 246 947 632 2,775 8, 107 5, 688 3,455 4, 904 3,203 20, 529 7,985 7, 032 2, 447 4, 835 1,136 3,313 8,798 922 1,831 451 1,359 3, 422 815 1,623 404 1,176 3,014 1,912 699 614 1,912 699 614 15, 316 5, 940 5, 249 858 1,342 1,355 2, 271 962 1,209 937 6,382 348 554 593 765 335 508 362 2,475 313 497 530 655 290 464 313 2,187 15, 946 5,602 4,710 5,634 9, 318 8, 287 3, 972 1,924 3,422 3,619 1,662 3, 006 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion i Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teacl (positi Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WEST — Continued MONTANA— Continued 222 6 21 27 271 7, 404 223 Anaconda 1 5 5 38 1,156 Bozeman: 224 Elementary District . . 1 6 11 66 1,903 225 High School District 1 226 Helena 1 3 2 77 1,877 227 Other cities (estimated).. 2 7 9 90 2,468 228 Group IV _ 17 2 14 38 284 8, 946 229 Glendive 2 2 4 43 1,370 230 1 3 13 50 1,827 Lewistown : 231 Elementary School District _ 5 4 8 45 1,389 232 High School District 1 Livingston: 233 Elementary District 1 1 51 1,378 234 High School District 1 235 Other cities (estimated) _ 6 1 5 13 95 2,982 236 Group V 15 13 54 268 8, 770 237 Deer Lodge 1 5 22 756 Dillon: 238 Elementary District 2 5 23 680 239 High School District 1 240 Glasgow.. 1 1 5 31 1,019 241 Laurel 1 5 9 33 1, 110 242 Roundup 1 1 14 508 243 Shelby.. . 1 5 21 649 244 Other cities (estimated) 7 6 25 124 4,048 NEW MEXICO 245 Group II 10 13 65 150 981 1 35, 146 246 Albuquerque _ 3 6 46 136 724 25,913 247 Roswell _ 4 2 10 5 143 1 5,081 248 Santa Fe. 3 5 9 9 114 4,152 249 Group III _ 12 5 36 85 603 3 20, 123 250 Carlsbad _ 3 3 7 33 150 1 5, 845 251 Clovis 3 6 6 107 3, 223 252 Las Cruces _ . . . 3 1 14 25 195 1 6,024 253 Other cities (estimated) _ 3 1 9 21 151 1 5, 031 254 Group IV 16 8 36 96 457 1 19, 102 255 Alamoeordo. ... .. 2 1 5 19 86 3, 638 256 Deming _ 1 3 9 36 1,758 257 Gallup _ 2 7 11 43 1 2,084 258 Las Vegas City 2 1 3 11 44 1,601 259 Portales _ __ . 1 1 3 8 46 1,604 260 Silver City _ 1 2 1 3 28 987 261 Tucumcari 2 1 3 6 37 1,700 262 Other cities (estimated). _ 5 2 11 29 137 5,730 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 127 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 6, 810 27 11 119 89 4,848 4,470 9 222 1,078 5 2 17 18 915 852 2 223 1,767 5 224 20 9 715 666 I 225 1,695 8 5 42 32 1,602 1,462 3 226 2, 270 9 4 40 30 1,616 1,490 3 227 8, 175 28 6 84 57 3,116 2, 823 8 228 1,232 2 1 14 9 553 465 1 229 1,698 7 1 14 11 533 497 2 230 1,197 4 231 1 12 9 423 394 1 232 1,323 6 233 1 16 9 568 526 1 234 2, 725 9 2 28 19 1,039 941 3 235 7, 790 28 9 96 50 2 3, 179 2, 864 11 236 644 3 237 612 1 238 10 5 284 267 1 239 868 3 1 11 7 1 430 361 1 240 1,048 4 1 13 7 399 370 1 241 416 1 9 5 349 306 2 242 607 3 3 9 3 250 238 1 243 3, 595 13 4 44 23 1 1,467 1,322 5 244 30, 727 72 13 18 316 373 2 20, 277 17, 185 18 245 23, 290 53 8 11 226 258 14,912 12, 720 11 246 4, 130 10 3 3 39 65 2 2,679 2,196 3 247 3,307 9 2 4 51 50 2,686 2,269 4 248 18, 697 48 3 9 172 164 6,444 5, 859 9 249 5,612 16 1 3 70 52 1,637 1,573 3 250 2,673 6 2 25 35 1,892 1,582 2 251 5,738 14 1 2 34 36 1,304 1,239 2 252 4,674 12 1 2 43 41 1,611 1,465 2 253 16, 640 44 6 13 167 176 8 6,469 5, 691 13 254 2, 958 7 1 1 22 16 1 815 732 1 255 1,509 3 1 18 17 518 448 1 256 1,987 8 1 2 19 17 3 529 503 1 257 1,474 6 1 18 17 720 620 1 258 1,376 3 2 24 23 1, 146 1,008 2 259 846 1 3 7 227 192 1 1 260 1.498 3 2 2 13 26 1 573 481 2 261 4,992 13 2 4 50 53 3 1,941 1.707 4 262 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom i teachers (positions) Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Men Women i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WEST — Continued NEW MEXICO— Continued 263 Group V _ _ 9 4 12 47 249 5 8, 708 264 Belen . . 1 1 2 13 38 1 388 265 1 1 4 29 1 839 266 Lovingtorf ... . . . _ . 2 1 3 6 54 1,977 267 1 1 4 21 2 772 268 Other cities (estimated) _ 4 2 5 20 107 2 3, 732 OREGON Group 1 _ _ 16 12 80 432 1, 383 4 48, 724 269 Portland _ 16 12 80 432 1,383 4 48, 724 270 Group II _ 5 14 38 129 524 1 18, 805 271 Eugene 3 7 20 57 255 8, 925 272 Salem _ _ _ 2 7 18 72 269 1 9, 880 273 Group III _ 13 10 31 142 608 18 21, 094 274 Astoria 1 3 8 54 1 1,441 275 Bend _ 1 2 2 6 61 1 1,556 276 Medford . . _ 2 2 4 38 93 1 3, 864 277 Pendleton 1 4 20 64 2, 568 278 Springfield _ 3 2 7 17 108 8 3,755 279 Other cities (estimated). _ _ 5 4 11 53 228 7 7,910 280 Group IV _ . _ 19 19 56 161 709 6 26,758 281 Ashland _ 1 3 5 19 35 1,842 Hillsboro: 282 Elementary District _ 2 1 4 14 47 1 1,708 283 High School District 1 284 Lebanon _ 1 2 4 9 43 1 1,456 285 North Bend 1 1 4 11 44 1,238 286 Roseburg _ 2 2 7 18 104 1 4, 443 287 The Dalles 1 2 4 58 1,800 288 Other cities (estimated).. _ 10 10 30 86 378 3 14,271 289 Group V _ 42 3 69 165 810 26, 322 290 Coquille 1 3 11 30 1,178 291 Dallas _ 1 2 6 39 1.123 292 Hood River... 1 3 4 23 801 293 Newberg 1 3 7 33 1,090 294 Ontario 1 1 4 9 46 1,527 Seaside: 295 Elementary District 1 2 6 18 656 296 High School District 2 297 Silverton 4 2 3 26 766 298 Tillamook 2 4 9 55 1,633 299 Other cities (estimated) _ 28 2 46 110 540 17, 548 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 129 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- Principals teachers super- ment Average Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 7, 203 24 11 135 96 5 5,331 4, 641 11 263 1, 194 9 2 28 19 1,074 967 2 264 818 1 1 7 8 211 205 1 265 1,485 3 2 29 20 1 1,393 1,174 2 266 619 1 1 13 8 2 368 306 1 267 3, 087 10 5 58 41 2 2, 285 1,989 5 268 45,406 86 12 10 330 276 80 14, 857 14,700 10 45, 406 86 12 10 330 276 80 14, 857 14, 700 10 269 16, 180 50 7 11 131 116 9 6,186 5, 301 9 270 7,624 20 3 7 61 51 5 2, 780 2, 377 5 271 8, 556 30 4 4 70 65 4 3, 406 2, 924 4 272 18, 087 55 17 21 229 186 16 10, 821 9, 342 19 273 1,370 3 1 1 13 15 4 617 586 1 274 1,318 7 1 2 29 23 3 1,337 1,148 2 275 3, 263 9 3 2 31 25 3 1,450 1,237 3 276 2, 165 4 3 2 22 15 751 631 2 277 3,188 11 3 6 48 38 2, 608 2, 237 4 278 6, 783 21 6 8 86 70 6 4, 058 3, 503 7 279 22, 524 81 11 21 336 206 15 11, 837 10, 125 13 280 1,522 5 1 1 11 10 1 618 521 1 281 1,424 4 282 1 30 13 1,130 1,000 1 283 1,255 4 1 23 13 1 874 770 1 284 1,036 5 1 2 15 15 1 623 534 1 285 3, 724 14 2 3 56 33 1 1,373 1,155 1 286 1,550 6 1 2 22 12 3 906 745 1 287 12,013 43 6 11 179 110 8 6,313 5, 400 7 288 23, 136 102 27 321 222 18 10, 935 9, 639 24 289 982 3 1 14 5 463 388 1 290 1,062 3 2 16 10 436 402 1 291 659 3 1 8 8 281 234 1 292 942 3 1 13 13 1 536 474 1 293 1,411 4 1 15 13 3 564 502 1 294 588 9 295 1 12 6 354 313 1 296 690 2 1 15 9 1 500 454 1 297 1,378 7 1 14 10 1 511 446 1 298 15, 424 68 18 214 148 12 7, 290 6, 426 16 299 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Class teacl (posit Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WEST- Continued UTAH Group 1 __ . 6 7 38 103 638 28 27, 738 300 Salt Lake City _ 6 7 38 103 638 28 27, 738 301 Group li 7 4 27 58 353 9 13, 827 302 Ogden _ 3 2 20 28 261 1 10, 063 303 Provo _ 4 2 7 30 92 8 3,764 Group III _ 1 1 5 13 48 5 2, 091 304 Logan _ 1 1 5 13 48 5 2,091 Group IV 1 1 4 10 49 1 2, 120 305 Murray _ 1 1 4 10 49 1 2,120 WASHINGTON 306 Group 1 40 32 183 1, 059 2, 077 101 103, 613 307 Seattle _ 12 15 100 445 1,300 38 61,440 308 Spokane _ 21 8 48 139 647 19 22, 604 309 Tacoma _ 7 9 35 475 130 44 19, 569 310 Group II 28 13 58 170 817 27, 933 311 Bellingham _ 8 8 67 123 4,034 312 Bremerton 4 _ 3 2 13 19 159 5,659 313 Everett 4 4 2 12 40 194 6,242 314 Vancouver4 _ _ 9 2 14 18 179 6, 638 315 Yakima 4. _ 4 7 11 26 162 5,360 316 Group III 38 16 64 183 985 32 38, 646 317 Aberdeen _ 2 2 5 10 81 1 2, 983 318 Kennewick.. _ 3 5 18 93 5 3,810 319 Olympia. _ 5 5 18 78 6 3,013 320 Pasco 2 4 17 68 3 3, 376 321 Port Angeles _ 3 2 5 12 62 2,411 322 Pullman. _ . 1 2 4 8 31 1,273 323 Puyallup 3 2 3 3 14 47 2,240 324 Richland _ 6 2 7 20 142 7 4,907 325 Wenatchee. .... 2 6 10 80 2,742 326 Other cities (estimated).. _ 12 5 20 56 303 10 11,891 327 Group IV 22 3 21 126 399 8 16, 896 328 Anacortes _ 1 2 11 43 1,548 329 Centralia _ 2 1 3 22 46 1 2,152 330 Chehalis _ 1 1 2 9 28 1 1,113 331 Clarkston _ 6 3 5 37 1,531 Mount Vernon : 332 Elementary District _ 1 1 14 38 1,603 333 High School District. . . 1 334 Port Townsend. . . 1 1 8 25 1 964 335 Toppenish. 1 2 11 37 2 1,841 336 Other cities (estimated) _ 8 1 7 46 145 3 6, 144 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 131 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56— Con, Full-time regular day schools, by level of education — Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens) — Continued Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Classroom Other non- Enroll¬ Average Super- ! Principals teachers super- ment Average i Number daily Number of visors (posi- (positions) visory (boys daily of attend- schools (posi- tions) instruc¬ and attend¬ schools ance tions) tional staff girls) ance Men Women j< (positions)2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 24, 862 38 7 i 18 261 224 31 14, 707 12,922 ] 12 f 24, 862 38 7 18 261 224 31 14,707 12,922 12 300 12,463 26 2 11 187 99 17 8,044 7,354 9 301 9,061 19 2 8 130j 79 12 5,564 4,999 6 302 3, 402 7 — 3 57 ! 20 | 5 1 2.480 2,355 3 303 1, 876 5 1 2 31 20 3 1,363 1, 246 2 j 1,876 5 1 2 31 20 | 3 1 1,363 1,246 2 304 1, 928 4 3 26 13 3 1, 235 1,120 2 I 1,928 | 4 3 26 13 3 1,235 1,120 2 1 305 88,041 171 27 66 678 1,203 71 54, 160 44, 187 36 306 52,077 82 15 44 367 870 34 j 36,280 28. 669 21 307 19,509 51 3 3 148 112 12 7,604 6,749 5 308 16,455 ; 38 9 14 163 221 25 10,276 8,769 ! 10 309 24, 230 66 6 25 388 337 19, 096 16,338 19 310 3,552 13 5 i 56 ! 73 3,272 2, 933 ! 4 311 4,695 I 13 2 5 56 1 64 3,537 2,964 4 312 5,478 I 13 1 7 91 70 4,079 ! 3, 566 3 313 5,651 | 14 1 3 5 96 60 4.193 3. 688 5 314 4.854 13 3 89 70 4,015 3,187 3 315 32, 456 76 16 32 476 339 59 22, 133 19,178 25 316 2, 574 6 1 2 4 40 30 i 3 1,841 1,626 2 i 317 3, 124 6 4 52 31 1 3 1,996 1,706 2 318 2,541 5 2 ! 42 27 6 1,854 1,584 2 319 2, 699 5 4 1 16 8 6 854 712 1 320 2,006 5 1 2 32 23 6 1,695 1,476 2 321 1,018 4 3 1 9 11 1 405 324 1 | 322 1,881 8 2 37 24 1,699 1,443 2 323 4,229 7 1 4 56 47 9 2, 829 2, 537 3 i 324 2, 398 7 2 45 34 7 2, 150 1.869 2 j 325 9, 986 23 5 10 147 104 18 6,810 5,901 8 1 326 14, 135 47 1 _ 16 190 110 19 7. 249 6. 207 14 327 1,306 5 1 13 9 512 428 1 i 328 1,862 9 1 20 10 4 797 698 1 329 942 2 1 13 4 2 440 369 1 330 1,262 3 2 26 9 952 819 2 331 1,384 5 332 3 17 17 676 595 _ 1 333 918 2 1 11 6 2 268 258 1 1 334 1,321 4 1 21 15 4 968 783 2 335 5, 140 17 1 - 6 69 40 7 2,636 2, 257 5 336 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, attendance, and number of schools, by level. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education Elementary schools (including kindergartens) City, by region, State, and group Staff for admin¬ istra¬ tion 1 Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classi teacl (positi Men room hers ions) Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)1 2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WEST— Continued WASHINGTON— Continued 337 Group V _ 49 6 64 181 728 26 31, 216 338 Dayton 1 1 5 17 637 339 Enumclaw _ 1 1 3 28 889 340 Ephrata . .. 7 4 11 39 1,746 341 Grand Coulee _ _ 1 1 4 11 489 342 Kent... _ _ 2 1 6 16 46 5 2, 220 343 Kirkland _ _ 2 6 13 68 4 3, 044 344 Raymond _ 1 1 3 18 764 345 Snohomish 2 1 2 8 26 1,069 346 Other cities (estimated) _ 32 4 42 118 475 17 20, 358 WYOMING Group II . . _ ... . . 1 5 11 11 173 6,443 347 Cheyenne _ 1 5 11 11 173 6, 443 348 Group III _ 4 2 18 38 214 8 7, 360 349 Rock Springs 1 4 7 48 4 1,574 350 Sheridan _ 1 1 5 12 59 2, 106 351 Other cities (estimated) _ 2 1 9 19 107 4 3, 680 Group IV 3 3 7 57 1, 446 352 Rawlings . 3 3 7 57 1,446 353 Group V _ 25 3 18 50 525 17, 032 354 Cody 2 1 41 1,392 355 Douglas _ 1 2 2 30 794 356 Green River . 1 1 2 23 698 357 Riverton _ 1 1 4 41 1,300 358 Thermopolis _ 3 5 28 1,000 359 Worland _ 2 3 7 47 1,629 360 Other cities (estimated).. _ 15 2 11 30 315 10,219 1 Number of superintendents, deputy superintendents, assistant superintendents, and other administrative staff members. 2 Consists of school libraries, psychological, audio-visual .guidance, and television personnel. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 133 in public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1955-56 — Con. Full-time regular day schools, by level of education— Continued Elementary schools (including kindergar¬ tens)— Continued Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Secondary schools (including junior high schools) Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Principals (posi¬ tions) Classroom teachers (positions) Men Women Other non- super- visory instruc¬ tional staff (positions)2 Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools 17 26, 752 IS, 642 16, 393 571 835 1,430 426 1,858 2, 589 709 887 17,447 19 13 5 32 45 12 29 306 255 764 505 155 1,497 1,903 266 1,139 12, 158 246 730 423 137 1,296 1,586 254 1,030 10, 691 5, 422 3,328 2, 895 5, 422 80 76 3, 328 2,895 6, 324 1,384 1,778 3, 162 619 878 1,497 581 797 1,378 443 1,339 443 14, 398 5, 063 4,405 1, 183 667 608 1,137 804 1,360 8, 639 412 355 407 390 381 435 3, 038 360 340 334 373 2,643 3 Data for 1953-54 used in lieu of 1955-56. 4 Includes data on junior colleges administered as part of the city public school system. 5 Includes junior high school grades. 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region. State, and group Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory staff i pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NORTHEAST 1 Group 1 (cities 19, 882, 742 5, 768, 304 23, 309, 881 407, 664, 325 5, 516, 279 13, 744, 658 11, 308, 736 5, 578, 679 of 100.000 population or more). 2 Group II icit- 8,421,936 5, 364, 294 9, 819, 119 181, 990, 853 2, 152, 080 4, 502, 587 7, 162, 540 3, 156, 720 ies of 25,000 to 99,999 population). 3 Group III (cit- 8, 295, 258 4,019,329 7, 968, 515 143, 660, 406 2, 861, 813 3, 234, 462 7, 762, 746 3, 062, 577 ies of 10,000 to 24,999 population). 4 Group IV cit- 5, 689, 178 1, 464, 378 4, 511, 853 79, 987, 183 1, 272, 969 1, 576, 157 4, 382, 573 1, 992, 170 ies of 5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) . 5 Group V (cities 3, 050, 975 309, 720 2, 016, 092 40, 742, 621 647, 983 864, 073 2, 224, 926 1, Oil, 851 of 2,500 to 4,999 popu¬ lation). CONNECTICUT 6 Group 1 ... 495, 802 304, 307 1, 073, 083 15, 774, 873 359, 190 399, 547 361, 607 210, 961 7 Bridgeport 148, 773 102, 286 341,921 246,210 319, 485 3, 908, 976 4, 406, 165 4, 356, 700 3, 103, 032 8, 572 202,118 148, 500 66, 134 198,219 95, 886 39, 308 98, 176 30, 531 70, 636 59, 727 50, 067 8 Hartford 126, 085 62, 930 100, 967 38, 124 108, 523 102, 868 52, 040 9 New Haven _ 147, 203 73, 741 10 Waterbury 165, 467 11 Group II 580, 432 492, 081 1, 202, 402 17, 735, 184 320, 448 447, 771 741, 757 347, 372 12 Bristol 31,487 39, 830 11,961 20, 200 73, 063 75, 608 1, 239, 732 1,288, 801 13, 998 9, 000 47,611 44, 743 42, 153 57, 620 27, 120 32, 976 13 East Hartford _ 14 Meriden .. 34, 184 21.707 22, 707 83, 460 1,131,071 360 331 26, 555 10, 150 24, 872 33, 457 23, 048 4,897 28, 468 15 Middletown 19,815 208, 500 9, 087 59, 745 13,416 16 New Britain _ 58, 000 96, 000 2, 103, 874 106, 897 17 New London _ 23, 584 15, 800 44, 100 942, 791 57,330 37, 252 43, 107 12, 688 18 Norwalk _ 41, 199 42, 557 126, 472 1,733,706 56,911 37, 822 100, 655 44, 680 19 Norwich * _ _ 20, 092 18,515 101,264 16, 000 654, 255 2, 862, 994 30, 025 82,271 13, 797 41,596 20 Stamford __ 132,490 157, 404 35, 196 65, 799 21 Stratford 52,321 53, 152 94,517 65, 333 1,318,224 807, 745 16, 383 10, 100 27, 433 10, 583 76, 907 29, 132 27,875 19, 844 22 Torrington _ 18, 632 26, 625 23 West Hartford . . 74, 194 18, 300 157, 500 2, 173, 824 59,115 73, 501 97, 963 42,773 24 West Haven 32,712 65, 000 80, 630 1,117,836 25,710 9, 323 28, 154 27,610 25 Group III 163, 740 112, 257 346, 060 4, 282, 763 32, 110 68, 029 128, 769 86, 777 26 Ansonia _ 18, 488 15, 880 22, 004 48, 170 492 121 6,814 7,758 5, 000 6,488 25, 995 9, 801 5, 900 27 Danbury _ 23, 570 11,277 58, 477 30, 000 836, 866 229,619 16, 940 5, 426 28 Danielson 8,000 (Killinglytown). 29 Derby . _ 11,423 11,642 16, 396 9,000 24, 439 27, 750 198,029 366, 307 2,800 2, 500 5, 245 4,366 10,135 30 Stonington _ 4,966 6,654 31 Vernon _ 19, 842 7,300 31,223 454, 804 8,511 8, 200 13, 960 9,080 32 Willimantic 18, 376 49, 122 22, 183 103,818 420, 189 1, 284, 828 9, 000 9, 633 14, 548 21,995 8,897 26, 033 33 Other cities (esti¬ 33, 677 20, 409 38, 631 mated). See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 135 public-school systems: 1955-56 Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction- —Continued Amount of cur¬ Total School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur- ' . rent ex¬ penditure accounts rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost3 current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1, 140, 382 474, 031, 244 62, 040, 924 25, 128, 637 25, 742, 730 62, 314, 322 669, 140, 599 8, 886, 853 678, 027, 452 1, 020, 152 215, 168, 345 33, 032, 950 13, 411, 065 11, 951, 497 11, 770, 815 293, 756, 608 8,436, 109^ 302, 192, 717 974, 255 173, 544, 103 25, 476, 402 10, 219, 157 12, 115, 314 14, 977, 366 244, 627, 600 3, 057, 741 247, 685, 341 560, 696 95, 747, 979 13, 947, 833 5, 391, 877 8, 523, 520 6, 899, 986 136, 200, 373 4, 998, 502 141, 198, 875 265, 778 48, 083, 044 7, 449, 098 2, 721,473 5, 072, 530 1 3, 167, 404 69, 544, 524 2, 774, 447 72, 318, 971 84,916 18, 568, 484 2, 721, 502 1, 183, 160 543, 175 1, 158, 771 24, 670, 894 273, 220 24, 944,114 ... 24, 507 14, 740 27, 7471 17, 922 4, 581, 103 5, 309, 541 5,211,880 3, 465, 960 655, 655 877,6531 757,9241 430, 270 430, 186 314, 156 244, 253 194, 565 122, 754 228, 443 115, 626 76, 352 137, 164 724, 842 176,812 119, 953 6, 075, 635 7, 580, 720 6, 653, 698 4, 360, 841 6,075,635 7,711,464 6. 784, 078 4, 372, 937 130, 744 130, 380 12, 096 184, 963 21, 471, 978 2,985, 785 1, 204, 700 1, 115, 124 385, 353 27,743,372 | 840, 740 28,584,112 3,117 5, 573 1, 458, 755 1. 534, 521 1,366,212 423, 381 201,255 259, 679 217,870 61, 109 71.939 65, 067 74, 243 98, 096 68, 045 19, 272 97, 490 10, 740 104,710 25, 402 177,600 91,368 68, 160 188, 291 91,707 19, 920 34, 906 16. 294 1,837,679 2,017,113 1,803,057 571,972 5, 516 1,843, 195' ; 2,017,113 1,807,8751 571,972 3,502,015 1.408.495! 2, 823, 282 1,438,499' 4,471,412 2,090,011 1,299,759 3.616.742 1.693.742 21, 042 5. 685 33, 119 81,840 30, 209 121,351 50, 671 73. 943 38. 234 263, 466 85, 839 91,001 187,116 44, 024 4,818 2, 636, 603 1, 155, 152 2, 170, 683 743, 405 3, 378, 749 1,631,226 970, 971 2, 646, 577 ! 1, 355, 743 335, 967 138, 439 285, 338 89,811 478, 991 206, 570 124, 600 436. 548 149, 608 1 3,249,411 1,397,218 2, 805, 127 930, 867 4, 470, 862 ! 2, 082, 620 ; 1,287,711 3. 604, 055 1, 685, 680 252, 604 11,277 18.155 507,632 550 7,391 12, 048 12, 687 8, 062 2, 084 27, 880 10,813 32, 225 16, 735 1,609 23, 601 1,480 18, 632 129, 254 13. 923 39. 566 15, 296 14. 347 71,329 11,886 22,117 5, 078, 882 660, 767 221, 577 629, 763 63, 501 6,818,230 20, 181 6, 838, 411 411 6,312 1,292 575, 784 974, 352 85, 553 135, 236 47,013 39,415 20,215 24. 920 20, 515 13, 332 2,113 41,719 38. 803 70, 692 44, 325 9,318 1,505 21,022 50 752, 866 1,225, 870 426, 107 330, 902 553,714 705, 363 777, 940 2, 045, 468 1,009 753, 875 1,225, 870 426, 107 330, 902 554, 110 705, 363 790, 662 2, 051,522 289, 138 251,661 427, 827 386 515 26, 240 52,311 396 3, 164 536, 242 500, 214 1,523,664 62, 739 72, 366 198, 230 32, 340 20, 165 66, 473 46, 092 162,371 188, 929 8, 108 3, 402 6, 635 4,448 19, 050 12. 722 6,054 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 509375 0—59 - 10 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 191, 103 58, 481 356, 413 4, 134, 133 49, 188 60, 512 150, 999 128, 896 38, 043 40, 962 14,801 13, 221 22, 294 14, 006 47. 776 27, 686 54, 560 86. 400 15,817 11,608 53, 925 45, 000 89, 103 839, 051 842, 485 189,118 292, 734 511,691 425, 521 1, 033, 533 36, 891 21,319 10, 747 2,038 2,788 4, 165 4, 327 15, 128 23, 428 33, 100 14. 256 13, 645 12,082 16,738 37, 750 17,205 35, 539 4, 608 6, 377 16,754 16, 189 32, 224 5, 075 11,100 14, 620 12, 297 40, 142 14, 585 47, 987 843, 646 8, 073 5 36, 877 25, 247 12, 785 13, 976 13, 381 20, 392 11,600 15, 995 196, 795 365, 636 281,215 1,060 4, 322 2, 691 10,314 14,271 12,292 3, 785 13, 046 8,416 9, 723 4, 862 74, 670 111, 864 107, 841 2, 907, 816 26, 745 34, 641 172, 626 63, 002 23, 035 8, 979 42, 656 31,326 4,000 76, 538 40. 458 18, 000 49, 383 688, 949 454, 267 1,764,600 19, 800 33, 206 33, 134 106, 286 19, 636 13,735 29, 631 9, 200 25, 441 6, 945 70, 580 12, 584 153, 724 3, 465, 049 5,423 50, 399 134, 076 109, 648 7,618 10,755 8,080 7,689 6, 686 6, 225 23, 527 16, 000 16, 000 4, 500 5,450 29, 187 31, 346 51,241 466, 057 354, 225 158, 233 287, 550 679, 636 364, 332 1, 155,016 3,615 4,000 5, 000 46 20, 533 15, 842 13,173 4, 685 10, 900 14, 840 13,659 36, 549 4,000 4, 389 2,600 12, 186 9,813 16, 800 25, 894 24, 541 18,370 44, 692 4,195 1,808 77, 046 17, 564 144, 525 2, 413, 597 6, 000 38, 984 186, 922 83,673 6, 280 13, 422 6, 500 4,514 5, 737 4,151 5, 168 5, 592 25, 682 7,000 8, 703 28, 000 9, 721 6, 000 11,276 21,000 4,650 48, 175 142, 264 232,412 156, 972 212,485 207, 143 172,893 262, 844 222. 052 804, 532 1,000 5, 727 1,700 5,016 2, 700 2,300 2, 300 5,246 12, 995 3, 723 38, 389 3, 300 7,968 10, 682 9, 324 6, 655 6,143 9,760 5,250 27,891 566 31,478 12, 176 22, 431 15, 852 62,307 3, 509 4,900 5, 855 4,000 2, 000 110, 506 11, 550 256, 399 2, 595, 230 30, 267 93, 475 104, 062 5, 128 2, 767 5,256 7, 073 3,019 5,358 7, 701 12,119 11,577 3,600 21, 720 11,519 8, 158 8. 543 97,179 94,471 120, 987 149, 148 109, 590 119, 262 103, 841 2, 649 500 1,900 1,341 1,413 1,604 5, 564 11,592 3, 362 3,196 6,278 7,354 5,018 4, 729 3,750 — 4, 200 4, 391 8, 952 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 137 public -school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction— Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 24, 425 4, 963, 047 698, 172 270, 253 704, 191 103, 713 6, 930, 479 13, 566 6, 944, 045 3, 490 10, 363 1,230 1,237 972 1,027 6, 106 1,023, 630 1,018,634 227, 067 328, 389 604, 664 519, 902 1, 240, 761 131, 264 151,776 33, 155 41,652 90, 700 75, 082 174, 543 23, 550 81, 098 22, 803 18, 160 25, 737 31, 342 67, 563 208, 268 88, 332 19, 484 89, 647 49, 532 72, 880 176, 048 15, 507 21, 506 16, 467 10, 145 6,294 7, 866 25, 928 1, 440, 262 1, 402, 308 333, 777 501, 214 799, 221 721,078 1,732,619 1,259 6, 078 1,441,521 1,408, 386 333, 777 502, 314 800, 959 721,078 1,736,010 1,100 1,738 3, 391 6, 053 982, 468 125, 803 44, 774 113, 263 18, 197 1, 324, 647 4,092 1, 328, 739 814 3, 221 2,018 233, 160 421,819 327, 489 34, 700 49, 169 41, 934 15, 329 14, 521 14, 924 27,719 47, 789 37, 755 5,319 6,812 6, 066 329, 012 554, 086 441, 549 255 2,473 1,364 329, 267 556, 559 442,913 3,449 3, 427, 984 725, 999 184, 949 75, 578 54, 143 4, 543, 323 37, 254 4, 580, 577 833, 375 532, 336 2, 062, 273 157, 852 90, 826 477, 321 47, 706 6,837 130, 406 2, 500 3, 104 69, 974 23, 094 18,633 12,416 1, 087, 562 660, 715 2,795,046 6, 029 9,735 21,490 1,093,591 670, 450 2, 816, 536 3, 449 1, 386 3, 332, 289 633, 459 199, 507 136, 543 26, 578 4,998,956 7, 987 5, 006, 943 505, 560 412,931 171,807 332, 394 760, 953 437, 881 1, 310, 763 95, 973 44, 929 34, 705 73, 554 121, 595 51, 550 211,153 21,204 10, 404 4,357 12,113 26, 760 58, 167 66, 502 7,364 10, 600 30, 573 2, 521 20, 580 19, 390 45,515 10, 633 648, 352 489,619 249, 522 435, 357 936, 574 573,213 1,666,319 256 648, 608 489,619 249, 522 438, 406 936, 574 575, 233 1,668,981 7,086 3, 049 563 361 462 2,020 2, 662 8, 859 19, 710 2, 910, 975 437, 026 148, 846 119, 811 56, 338 3, 750, 042 9, 022 3, 759, 064 6, 626 160,613 296, 499 197, 354 243, 626 253, 976 204, 788 321,844 261, 950 970, 325 24, 265 18, 395 27, 991 17, 989 45,187 51,792 83, 268 22,464 145, 675 10, 352 2,757 918 13, 145 29,646 9, 826 20, 109 12,478 49,615 10, 510 25, 090 8, 971 21,315 2,872 225 500 10, 390 39, 938 4, 684 216, 704 356, 163 251,617 300, 589 343, 880 275, 434 437, 309 318, 332 1, 250, 014 727 4,488 217,431 360, 651 251,617 300. 589 344,680 275, 434 437, 309 318, 332 1,253,021 9,883 6,514 6,462 4, 652 6, 420 5,458 18, 779 800 6, 570 3, 007 2,483 3, 932, 289 649, 756 183, 477 308, 259 63, 784 4, 409, 248 896 4, 410, 144 120, 873 109, 244 142, 957 184, 537 132, 079 142, 514 118,056 24, 745 17,350 37, 008 57, 908 21,825 23, 687 32, 865 8, 804 3,444 6, 089 6,719 2, 471 35, 390 1,414 36, 474 15, 952 1,614 17, 370 13, 669 13,399 2, 274 196, 024 150, 706 195, 504 277, 384 176,257 222, 954 162,310 196, 024 150, 852 195, 684 277, 384 176, 257 222, 954 162,310 1,949 2, 580 3,777 3, 194 2,606 146 180 215 220 318 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration 3, 882 70, 322 1,458, 072 752, 802 122, 964 81,085 72,419 70, 536 174, 838 183, 428 1, 337, 129 Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors 7, 350 896, 269 426, 480 177, 500 94. 350 34, 339 72, 000 11,400 80, 200 1, 437, 525 42, 986 38, 744 31,724 45, 401 68, 867 29, 891 44, 149 48, 587 60, 953 39, 436 42, 205 36, 279 33, 608 12, 040 59, 384 122, 127 47,811 51,809 28, 688 120, 198 23, 446 40,451 78, 994 29, 581 31,489 30, 252 30, 349 24, 705 42, 975 56, 000 29, 028 Prin¬ cipals 16, 000 163, 163 758, 400 128, 800 170, 240 191,914 71,500 239, 600 362, 200 42, 860 74, 528 69, 300 16, 800 123, 840 55, 529 39, 600 45, 455 34, 800 Class¬ room teachers 149, 242 1,651,510 37, 261, 169 17, 924, 300 2,467,764 2,321,861 2, 333, 749 2, 394, 134 4, 788, 126 5, 031,235 39, 154, 132 49, 060 842, 506 12, 670 13,780 25, 102 11,260 14, 635 15, 072 22, 669 74,015 38, 850 65, 238 35, 112 82,441 57, 000 92,631 35,214 50, 000 33, 150 50, 574 51,147 71,500 63, 853 49, 500 53, 121 52, 170 84, 321 73, 500 38, 830 72, 800 85, 800 33, 000 65. 600 32, 500 38, 955 69, 179 99, 050 88, 125 124, 427 75, 600 93, 473 30, 000 185, 376 42, 000 146, 400 169, 000 38, 500 41,617 65, 800 69, 073 60, 000 1, 412, 652 32, 800 13,731 10, 600 7,400 20, 000 11,500 37, 844 Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 331, 227 181,798 85,612 47, 935 15, 882 1, 158, 340 868, 945 955, 055 1, 606, 096 1,637,353 918, 571 1,295,895 1, 161,368 924, 208 1,037,398 705, 240 918,193 1,114, 862 1,352,551 1,822,352 2,623,419 1,705,778 1,751,859 891,714 3, 090, 101 638, 141 1,569,292 2,621,756 1,183,765 862, 523 891,617 1,379,913 1,040, 691 1,427,136 5, 676 460 Clerks 21, 405, 693 16, 800 33, 406 48, 134 23, 400 15, 000 11, 100 54, 256 3,950 5, 000 5, 600 38, 707 42, 000 10, 350 31,915 4,020 45, 680 ,960 37, 426 336, 871 369, 046 413, 786 581, 372 293, 624 380, 967 506, 919 489, 476 3,131 3,775 10. 500 3,168 1,599 19, 261 866, 201 462, 482 16,882 15, 000 17,522 234, 556 119,759 Supplies and other expenses 3, 492 59, 484 1, 370, 392 827, 501 53, 540 56, 190 49, 834 61,477 198, 155 123, 695 25, 691 10, 389 22, 244 44, 306 17,705 25, 052 10, 000 1,638 24, 957 10, 790 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 21,953 24, 092 5,200 55, 600 15,440 35, 270 11,000 125,455 1,822 29, 531 30, 581 12, 650 8, 185 33, 458 11,500 20,911 370, 022 9, 589 6,990 8, 832 2,250 9, 439 5, 434 66, 355 52, 142 31,986 52, 069 61,228 18,652 69, 567 48, 103 67,770 46,951 25, 243 35, 465 33, 801 25. 196 30, 119 84,675 42, 520 56, 119 38, 770 139,215 16, 990 102, 924 95, 147 22, 161 24, 844 62, 420 81,980 57, 466 84, 683 4, 154 66, 221 543, 545 233, 751 46, 806 43, 940 45, 376 29, 350 76, 511 67,811 690, 415 854, 816 24, 439 10, 209 21,695 10, 283 16, 150 33, 362 13, 849 30, 851 15,611 20, 843 25, 657 21,372 9, 223 36, 888 17,155 20, 341 27, 502 19, 788 19, 905 19, 563 27, 200 31,218 47, 160 24, 180 21,140 15. 800 57,779 11,108 34, 276 36, 396 10, 644 2,872 22, 753 15, 699 47,491 582, 045 6,759 21, 554 22, 253 7, 7, 313 16, 869 15, 876 of table. LOCAL SCHOOL systems: cities 139 public-school systems: 1955—56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction— Continued School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 150 1,580 174, 637 1, 968, 569 Operation of the school plant 20, 887 413,481 Mainte¬ nance of the school plant 2, 388 116,758 Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 11,342 196, 165 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure I for all I accounts 1 1 9, 088 40. 590 222, 224 2, 805, 885 570 222, 224 2. 806, 455 16, 873 43, 208, 330 6, 811, 775] 3, 091, 579 3, 645 1,115 683 2,772 2,931 5, 727 20, 818, 357 2, 978,019 2, 701,581 2, 721, 352 2,631,233! 5, 567,161! 5,790, 627 3, 325, 495 394, 805 376, 696 395, 064 348, 457 1,036, 501 934, 757 1,986,118 24, 447 104, 784 174,698 205, 358 407, 226 2, 557, 449 1,307, 160 232,251 102, 695 105,979 141,869 399, 458 268, 037 711,142 57,838,347 622,157 58,460, 504 623,938 683 84, 087 2,434 28,813, 870! 3,752,486 3, 366, 841 3, 470, 195! 3, 397,453 7,669, 271 7,368,231 248, 195 20, 266 11,232 90, 643 14, 525 169, 924 67, 372 29, 062, 065 3, 772, 752 3, 378, 073 3, 560, 838 3,411,978 7,839, 195| 7,435, 603 146, 549 46,048,947 7,398,572 2,729,667 2,434,819 235,423 60,184, 557 534,203 60,718,760 86 87 781 3,159 6,181 79, 655 1,000 934 517 150 2,359 438 2,418 490 2,300 14,721 100 3, 050 7,232 7,532 1, 144 960 4,452 6,176 1, 367, 503 1,047,697 1, 078, 903 1,839,428 1,991,942 1,073,281 1,517,002 1,451, 150 1,108,003 1,247,758 841,375 1,047,756 1,300,483! 1,577, 149 1 1,977,014 3,009, 296 1,903,168 2, 065, 589 1, 035, 046 3, 727, 003 771, 181 ! 1,948, 573 3,039,956 1,335, 651 985, 188 1,079,740 1,648, 244 1,261,308 1. 772, 560 210, 507 129,975 202, 977 323, 470 298, 960 167, 029 256,913 226, 791 222, 385 140, 836 151, 200 1 168,9641 184, 8101 260, 242 1 456,063! 578, 453 223, 500 311,614 140,409 616, 138 126, 954 348, 652 429, 756 268, 647 160, 122 187, 943 233, 293 123, 962 248, 007 84, 920 105,411 33, 855 62, 627 133,816 103, 363 39,067! 145,490! 82, 692 1 130,0981 63,758! 20, 978 1 86, 290 114,000 7,617 218, 547 105, 024 63, 073 317, 183 14, 764 109, 961 180,413 124,866 103,914 4,7381 101,611! 61,018i 110, 573 40, 802 47,276 53, 269 67, 340 89, 837 25, 207 54, 400 75, 359 162, 188 83, 303 49, 565 86, 875 69,351 59, 243 75, 032 70,610 81, 382 97,753 50, 363 132,917 46, 229 135, 138 176, 103 171,791 44,484 82, 915 76, 501 100,612 128, 974 16, 561 23, 754 40,317 59. 225 47, 249 27, 590 10, 972 7,244 2,511 746,718' 369. 103 400, 728 354, 827] 607, 176 398,771 911,531 947,377 636, 221 641,431 148. 103 360, 852 714, 859 022, 674 575,110 058, 258 255, 861 631,789 317,579 960, 688 982, 574] 582. 775 932,812 930, 536 336, 169 392,832 089, 998 571,605 305, 600! 4,879 1,324 642 21,522 50, 251 4,968 18,737 1,458 34,087! 12, 574 9, 509 3,797 67, 028 4,876 5, 840 70, 204 34. 055 58,811 3, 901 3, 926 29,409 1. 525 45,439 14,823 18, 671 5,467 6. 1,751,597 1,370, 427 1,401,370 2, 376, 349 2, 657,427 1,403, 739] 1,930,268 1,948,835 1,670,308 1,654,005 1,157,612 1,364,649 1,781,887 2, 027, 5501 2, 580, 950 4. 128.462) 2,255, 861 2,665,844 1,317,579 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 5,019,499! 106 986,475! 107 2, 586, 701! 108 3,962,221 1,932,061] 1,381,608, 1,407,655| 2,108,669! 113 1,577.072 114 2,312,080 115 109 110 111 112 35, 261 26,008,814 4,213,024 1,222,474 2,018,194 111,147 34,416,159 285,677 34,701,836 116 956 460, 389 502, 807 i 697, 256 73,319 107,492| 110, 659] 595 68S 1 355, 952 60, 027 1.044 ! 440, 474 70, 983! 1. 13? 1 593. 495 ! 102,720] 27? 1 617,013 1] 111, 484 ' 25,793 16,8991 45, 725 16, 6621 22, 3591 27, 492 43. 450; 65, 363 32, 383 29,919 31, 049 30, 391 37, 709 42, 747 637,534 673. 361 908, 661 474, 950: 578,842 776,488 837, 363! 3, 067 640, 601 673,361 14, 303 922,964 8, 374 483, 324] 790 579, 632 776, 488 2, 122 1 839, 485| 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 17, 827 15,617 19. 738 10. 463 26, 562 18, 127 618, 984 27, 000 35, 000 18, 650 9, 000 30, 120 14, 700 743, 109 25, 000 38, 500 11,800 14, 400 49, 722 33, 267 1, 037, 867 575, 901 281,880 366, 671 247, 926 680, 066 491,427 15, 726, 632 6, 000 9, 000 9,817 8,424 8, 306 14, 088 271,853 922 15, 539 14,430 11,870 36, 440 17,600 628, 028 10, 298 5, 961 6,655 5, 466 13, 042 14, 568 427,625 68, 800 247, 497 507, 123 411, 198 649, 506 8, 616. 876 49, 797 113, 574 574, 305 258, 174 27, 448 14,351 10, 254 20, 848 11,182 16,123 13, 936 12,951 11,239 19, 497 11,212 338, 082 28, 700 12,485 5, 000 32. 041 12, 046 5, 000 27, 192 17,475 5, 500 30, 166 4, 100 11,200 6,000 11,700 20, 500 52, 669 30, 000 433, 004 423, 226 222,510 206, 854 299, 298 166,028 247, 287 210,675 232,610 120, 063 466, 263 277,478 5, 744, 584 4, 455 12. 840 2, 652 31,988 13, 297 7, 195 53,619 6, 989 14,275 11,994 10, 275 6,277 25, 441 10, 085 382, 870 7,817 4,599 5, 348 7,897 3,904 4, 596 7,069 10,688 4,999 17,826 11,315 172,116 6, 269 2, 600 4,125 2,621 2,800 21,000 8,019 4,811 3, 265 75,716 20, 794 274, 132 33, 198 168, 100 93, 400 221, 886 2, 556, 299 22, 650 20, 477 143, 705 76, 128 12,181 5, 434 14,817 7,787 11,047 8, 249 8,957 10, 634 88, 994 8, 824 4, 540 5, 000 5, 120 15, 927 25. 000 18, 795 5, 300 4,561 24, 714 117,469 191,829 90, 661 213, 169 115, 082 114, 383 165, 445 126, 077 186,318 1, 353, 335 2, 764 965 3, 247 8,466 4,067 12, 828 6, 327 7,366 12, 366 7,027 9, 179 76, 079 7,515 2,786 5,626 2. 723 1,693 5,254 2, 942 7,286 40, 303 10, 659 13, 000 450 2,210 10, 841 17, 589 49, 447 11,991 113, 335 117, 793 171, 327 2, 615, 373 4, 214 28, 512 78, 357 58, 882 38, 121 45, 866 29, 348 40, 740 82, 336 48,251 662, 200 1, 195,684 757, 489 9, 369 8,802 10, 341 17,271 35, 091 25, 995 12,913 26, 929 19, 040 117, 793 4,214 154, 396 139, 277 127, 007 2, 728, 880 28, 095 48, 975 123, 754 68, 730 13, 970 12,631 24, 178 32, 157 27, 347 44,113 6, 663 6,200 20, 900 11,700 45, 256 36, 288 214,316 326, 877 293, 897 575, 348 538, 762 779,680 8, 332 4, 200 6, 027 2, 221 3,672 12. 644 10,418 13,993 8, 332 15, 294 24,431 15, 428 24,911 35, 358 4,472 5, 545 11,220 15,081 12,775 19, 637 9, 600 60, 350 29, 534 39, 793 7, 536 8,027 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 141 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure i not alio- | cable to I pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 j Instruction— Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts | School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,012 646, 133 385, 880 429, 265 297,818 818, 865 654. 950 19, 108, 517 118,713 50, 518 82, 256 43. 936 106. 800 78. 834 3, 095, 283 37,217 15, 146 10, 701 11.414 20. 181 31,2911 898, 144 34. 894! 32, 889 28, 328 31,400 58, 536 79, 8311 1,482,755 854, 784 500, 050 570, 288 395. 031 1.053,639 869. 826 25, 285. 342 854, 784 ! 500. 050 574, 104 f 396,453| 1,085, 537 879. 826 25, 495, 227 1,242 732 1.169j 500 25, 906 3,816 1,422, 31.898 10. 000 209, 885 22. 695 6,793 81,659 23, 355 10, 696, 785 1, 708, 176 456, 966 1,133,676 12, 843 14, 515, 569 47, 028 14, 562, 597 3, 494 1 383 45 539, 712 273, 401 229. 942 429, 290 195, 667 282, 617 242. 484 289, 472 151,839 577, 539 353, 632 i 7, 131, 190 77, 904 46, 338 33, 186 74. 059 31.576 47, 308 40, 642 62,114 24, 857 80. 777 50. 631 1, 138, 784 33, 365! 16,201! 12,854 13.715 8. 790 12. 585 2.369 10,411 14. 397 7.0471 20. 588 304, 644; 61,673 46. 944 29, 668 12. 203 14,942 41, 532 24, 122 42, 801 21,089 64, 178 18. 740 755, 784 740, 102 397, 235 315, 904 550. 115 262,157 400, 165! 323, 553 417,749 223, 421 753, 319 454. 803 9. 677, 046 4,111! 1,935! 800 744,213 399, 170 316, 704 550. 115 263.7161 407.436 323, 553 417,749 223, 421 753,319! 454.803 9, 708. 398| 1,559 7,271 259 399 2,510 695 15, 570 4, 281 8, 562 31,352 2, 924 3, 137, 469 506, 546 154,454 433, 420 6,647 4, 406,636 45, 316 4,451,952 458 204 224, 856 108, 343 261.456 162. 132 142, 361 188, 365 141,647 247, 296 1,661,013 40, 968 16, 357 34, 747 24. 281 27, 120 29, 742 23, 784 41,376 268, 171 13,536 3. 363 13.861 10. 199 3,041 7,392 5,966 15, 326 81,770 11,321 49, 521 43. 553 10, 772 13. 341 30. 547 7,486 37,421 229, 458 302, 862 183,018 371. 562 215,171 196.910 264. 295 187.840 352, 053 2, 332, 925 94 13,375 1,538 302, 956! 196, 393 373.100 215, 1711 196.910 265,812 190, 948 353, 746 2,356.916j 3, 128 124 — 1,517 3,108 1.693 23, 991 590 1,548 3,519 12, 876 3,087,334 473, 083 118, 140 206, 142 225, 019 4, 223, 053 52, 088 4, 275, 141 10, 055 1,821 1, ooc i! 752. 548 .1 1,472,670 II 862, 116 96. 861 223, 152 i 153, 070 30, 205 64, 916 23, 019 50,511 79, 601 76. 030 79, 786 144, 943 290 1,048.032 2,031,148 1,143,873 1,403 23. 652 27, 033 1.049.435 2,054.800 1,170,906 5, 271 r 3, 269, 995 1 500, 852 128, 866 348, 531 296, 611 4, 699, 251 106, 557 4,805,808 3,172 59/ ! 251.314 ' 370. 534 414, 47C 630, 201 669, 195 3 934, 28^ l 58. 11C 1 50. 306 ) 70, 70C [ 101,43- ! 77, 205 1 143, 101 14. 302 i 16.878 ) 13,017 1 26.972 ! 20,878 l 36, 81S I 29,397 ! 32, 234 53. 426 ! 84,042 II 49,852 1 99,580 20. 985 36.360 i 32, 156 ! 52, 130 1 70 234 388, 078 518, 943 607. 947 926, 935 914 705 4. 142 ! 1,497 2.353 ij 68, 120 392. 220* 520, 440 610.3001 i, 995,055! 914,705! i 1,373,088 1 1 1,501 1 84,746 1,342,643 30, 445 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration 1 Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 85, 965 60, 096 1, 115, 759 16, 169 8, 641 68, 708 30, 341 11,887 10, 326 172, 388 3, 900 4, 387 12, 579 6, 852 12,387 5, 300 163, 155 4, 249 1,785 7, 597 3,144 18, 723 9, 200 229, 640 3,400 15, 063 6,050 11,151 9, 400 148, 292 10, 173 3. 526 7,256 8, 700 83, 496 3, 665 2, 100 24, 561 17, 170 318, 788 4, 620 2, 469 19, 631 8, 669 23, 314 21, 144 260, 784 22, 801 4, 725 10, 854 5, 800 12, 740 11,554 160, 978 14, 340 2, 900 6,817 3,841 10, 574 9, 590 99, 806 8,461 1,825 4,037 1,959 2, 311, 503 1, 079, 717 1, 723, 531 34, 356, 005 470, 635 1, 235, 788 851, 233 474, 902 153, 901 21,045 169, 996 2, 795, 106 51,288 80, 784 91,215 46, 323 213, 234 57, 465 227, 959 3, 110, 442 254, 627 159, 343 94, 128 63, 218 657, 324 225, 566 352, 416 6, 823, 328 164, 720 355, 162 135. 088 98, 231 930, 596 655, 791 462, 120 14,213,232 403, 362 352,921 157,410 176, 939 54, 652 304, 724 4, 294, 422 102, 555 107,033 82, 148 179, 509 65, 198 206, 316 3,119, 475 134, 582 70, 848 27, 572 2, 102, 833 1, 049, 989 2, 056, 591 38, 638, 806 355, 842 1, 289, 202 1, 465, 270 646, 973 72, 851 31,750 96, 195 1, 528, 972 5, 400 57,014 81,000 16,817 135, 823 88,712 88, 543 2, 224, 320 68, 325 48, 553 29, 507 54, 654 30, 000 61,257 1,161,126 17,950 30, 472 45, 833 19, 653 73, 480 37, 390 103, 549 1,704,218 5, 647 72, 568 66, 979 31, 539 117,169 40, 644 104,174 2, 069, 960 10, 400 75, 575 113,892 55, 831 90,417 33, 670 95, 650 2,171,047 82, 873 75,611 37, 326 54,915 5, 906 53, 155 748, 501 8, 525 10, 079 23, 135 14, 264 67, 668 49, 500 1,275, 886 17, 550 27, 572 34, 599 18, 842 92, 889 92, 998 55,818 1,582,609 10, 650 39, 366 30, 001 24, 589 92, 222 47,378 82, 769 1,724, 932 57,375 67, 554 22,171 75, 194 34, 500 61, 115 1, 180, 221 14,837 37, 481 17,669 86, 193 57, 870 102, 636 1,475, 462 4, 240 33, 285 43, 704 32, 160 92, 365 40, 000 83, 503 1,699, 982 28,910 96, 993 53, 838 21,654 57, 486 44, 330 53, 450 1,195, 650 46, 188 48, 523 35, 227 25, 222 55, 893 42, 000 806, 284 36, 416 17,034 13, 407 48, 548 12, 000 50, 250 979,216 30, 098 36, 373 18, 445 58, 637 18, 933 71,333 1,051,770 31,999 27, 595 14,618 118, 872 64, 698 94, 061 1,680, 233 59, 200 60, 044 53, 722 22, 805 58, 597 38, 554 104, 808 1,223,792 10, 500 11,961 102, 278 20,770 93, 096 i 41,259 60, 530 1,662,975 64, 753 72, 896 26, 044 100, 22C 1 42, 681 129, 574 1,759,442 54, 942 102, 247 27, 123 70, 523 1 40, 838 83, 400 1 1,365,042 12, 050 52, 952 42, 900 i 29, 827 90, 20C 1 70, 85C 1 73, 059 i 1,571,892 34, 384 61,222 45, 107 21,442 57,714 l 54, 600 1 80,715 i 1,540,801 40, 544 48, 621 66, 697 34, 284 52,41' i 23, 448 ! 32, 247 ' 812,232 23, 981 38, 329 l 20,475 68, 252 ! 7, 880 1 50, 400 1 1,248,079 I 43, 704 48, 784 54. 523 ! 12,171 66, 54( ) 49, 10C 1 92, 90C ) 1, 194, 162 48, 572 48, 162 18,318 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 143 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction- -Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 655 1, 300, 369 207, 850 37, 955 190, 991 102, 187 1, 925, 317 6, 307 1, 931, 624 210, 432 35, 644 5, 232 16, 335 18, 085 297,615 297,615 185' 230 29; 630 6, 188 17,697 11, 180 262, 312 262, 312 263' 353 41’ 263 5’ 981 75 366 21 426 426, 112 426, 112 1 71 ' 391 24; 128 6; 098 12,717 15, 356 240, 841 240, 841 468 98; 429 17; 799 3, 612 14, 307 6, 944 148, 347 4, 505 152,852 187 371, 534 59, 386 10, 844 54, 569 29, 196 550, 090 1,802 551,892 919 327, 027 46, 949 13, 001 38,259 28, 070 476, 620 476, 620 200 200, 630 27, 553 8, 966 23,617 17,116 290, 622 290, 622 719 126, 397 19, 396 4, 035 14, 642 10, 954 185, 998 185, 998 370, 546 40, 562, 357 5, 837, 009 4, 019, 755 4, 202, 504 1, 117, 612 58, 050, 740 816, 611 58, 867, 351 38, 989 3, 294, 746 482, 907 925, 505 156,141 75, 853 5, 089, 053 27, 189 5,116, 242 7,636 3,974,818 606, 958 439, 002 137, 150 159, 592 5, 530, 754 79, 127 5, 609, 881 8, 154, 511 1,446, 097 847, 067 1,412,076 188, 535 12,705,610 153, 666 12, 859, 276 281,775 16, 526,611 2, 074, 701 1,211,339 2,118,709 451, 363 23,313,319 422, 647 23, 735, 966 4, 945, 534 618, 381 268, 239 232, 409 142, 933 6. 384, 435 64, 831 6, 449, 266 42, 146 3, 666, 137 607, 965 328, 603 146, 019 99, 336 5, 027, 569 69, 151 5, 096, 720 247, 357 45, 750, 030 6, 734, 044 3, 305, 490 2, 602, 176 1, 672, 051 62, 166, 624 448, 317 62,614,941 2, 701 1,819, 849 258,713 189, 408 111,475 78, 685 2, 530, 981 68, 248 2, 599, 229 41,614 2, 589, 574 567,914 171,314 158, 632 83, 638 3, 706, 895 25, 031 3,731,926 6,318 1, 372, 609 181,161 121,608 53, 706 21,713 1,805,451 5, 829 1,811,280 14 2, 021, 904 274, 891 121,741 130, 485 64, 725 2, 687, 226 6, 865 2,694,091 10, 329 2, 480, 805 367, 683 124, 971 261,315 70, 784 3, 422, 727 44, 209 3, 466, 936 11,060 2, 507, 237 294, 876 261,651 88, 575 105, 544 3, 348, 300 10. 389 3, 358, 689 2,863 866, 428 136, 490 31,075 56, 525 27,850 1,173, 283 6, 985 1,180, 268 3, 890 1, 427, 839 222, 052 137,881 60, 574 64, 232 1, 980, 246 33, 686 2,013, 932 10, 854 1, 846, 885 271,367 20, 498 110, 493 62, 342 2, 404, 474 17,630 2,422,104 21,277 2, 023, 456 345,113 129,418 63, 888 51,911 2, 706, 008 21,661 2,727,669 939 1, 346, 762 222,250 122, 592 58, 061 38, 772 1,863, 631 8, 691 1,872,322 11,390 1, 760, 747 258, 376 82, 505 175,755 2, 363, 576 2, 363, 576 12, 338 2,037,218 330, 107 159, 021 54, 980 60, 321 2, 734, 012 36,716 2, 770, 728 6,213 1,454, 803 165, 325 115,856 56, 877 42, 134 1,892,481 7,906 1, 900, 387 457 915, 598 167, 136 109,275 91, 599 387, 044 1, 726, 545 3, 471 1,730,016 13, 240 1, 139, 622 153, 936 119,374 30, 941 27, 704 1, 520, 125 1, 520, 125 1,044 1,217,292 197, 129 52, 925 i 57, 807 34,212 1,618,002 13, 583 1,631,585 2, 034, 763 268,215 166, 518 1 139,210 84, 887 2,812,465 i 37, 688 2, 850, 153 1,908 ; 1,514,571 187,917 121,099 i 73, 345 38, 651 1, 994, 180 l 8, 639 2, 002,819 12,949 i 1,941,406 i 265, 246 178, 173 66, 256 i 52, 279 i 2, 596, 456 . 19, 227 2,615, 683 8, 259 1 2, 124, 268 1 258, 241 132, 052 ! 79, 075 i 57, 501 2,751,357 22, 687 2, 774, 044 3, 004 1 1,630,013 1 188,641 107, 328 1 56, 439 1 31,114 l 2, 084, 058 1 20, 252 2, 104, 310 4, 551 1 1,882,51- 1 312, 344 155, 50C ) 173, 834 1 44, 403 1 2, 658, 794 5, 586 2, 664, 380 9, 716 i 1,875,976 i 231,194 1 154, 51! i 68, 65! i 42, 936 i 2, 430, 992 ! 9, 930 2, 440, 922 14, 30- ! 965,01! j 134,421 52, 258 i 98, 099 ) 25, 962 ! 1, 328, 168 1 839 1, 329, 007 29, 37 1 1 1,494,91! j 249, 478 1 69, 498 1 79, 054 1 38, 339 ) 1, 999, 536 i 12, 569 2,012,105 6, 74( 5 1, 457, 96( ) 223, 828 1 97, 438 1 146, 521 i 34, 366 1 2, 026, 65! 2, 026, 655 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Adminis¬ tration 757, 290 29, 074 43, 426 27, 994 63,219 24, 592 23, 705 44, 285 38. 950 27, 135 33. 075 30,017 35, 645 24, 830 55. 705 25, 431 46, 726 l, 183,481 L, 550,487 Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals 698,204 1,795,577 12, 150 28, 155 6, 838 26, 824 13, 400 9, 200 11,600 13,450 31,000 27, 220 470,219 139, 680 26, 260 25, 908 32,719 35, 882 18, 234 48. 951 4, 753 23, 093 26, 609 26. 274 21,956 28, 236 18, 462 18. 162 15, 640 7,610 25,614 29, 527 39, 689 15, 862 39, 834 20, 898 1,000,314 1, 049, 678 19, 000 12. 182 10, 382 36, 500 34, 150 34, 275 92,317 13. 600 24. 600 21,000 19, 600 15,650 7,500 31,249 28, 250 29, 964 109,416 23, 200 65, 040 1. 209, 266 1, 301, 227 13, 800 33, 938 45, 725 36, 800 ,000 90, 116 36, 600 5, 500 12, 250 14,625 25, 800 12, 400 14, 600 15, 571 27,310 16, 800 5, 850 24, 300 29,616 38, 750 7,591 30. 000 13, 900 839, 501 Class¬ room teachers 29, 484,142 485, 622 795, 663 513, 157 1, 236, 806 389, 409 456, 900 355, 809 521,652 510, 237 539, 601 458, 350 510,712 472, 022 1,147,201 405, 179 829, 155 19, 856, 667 319, 915 20, 980, 595 395, 677 466, 274 417,875 632, 902 191,695 384, 306 86, 503 358, 142 227, 740 344, 969 255. 258 470, 938 293, 436 476, 221 306, 072 63, 276 226, 373 385, 310 632, 482 155, 588 446, 494 227, 198 13, 535, “ 10, 000 4, 355 6,100 13, 155 4,103 5, 065 5, 600 10, 648 4,250 4,216 4,600 32. 370 215, 453 389, 244 Clerks Supplies and other expenses 833,279 1,253,190 15, 707 22, 589 13, 157 41,445 2,700 7,389 5, 706 20, 656 2,436 4, 289 8, 575 22, 366 13, 457 53, 074 5,457 33, 088 561, 188 575, 219 4,350 5, 000 8, 119 31,008 28, 800 4,975 4,100 5, 474 4,600 8. 300 14,419 13, 900 5, 074 251,125 525, 258 8, 200 19, 250 12, 150 10, 853 5, 007 11,350 5. 195 6, 500 12, 350 12, 825, 816 299, 677 98, 678 413, 309 249, 915 108, 865 129,913 191,915 122, 852 201, 286 198, 194 53, 394 4,317 11,849 14, 429 8,923 28,814 7,500 11,389 2, 750 4,850 5,431 6, 5, 947 21, 392 2, 709 8, 270 6, 306 2, 160 3,635 29, 102 2,350 15, 557 4, 567 371.109 239, 977 4,650 1,600 15, 340 4,900 2,000 2,230 2,756 2,901 22, 547 27, 804 23, 148 51,044 9, 973 23,913 17, 404 28, 927 18,279 22, 496 24,915 12,075 13,213 64, 225 15, 331 33,911 843, 985 1, 032, 455 30, 047 24, 150 15, 204 26,791 11,621 22, 583 2, 762 14,346 12,882 17,474 15,519 19,492 15, 743 18, 133 17, 386 1,923 8,110 25, 175 29, 723 7,382 20, 052 9,857 666, 100 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 650, 068 643,458 15,417 5, 305 34, 329 11,036 3,919 6,162 9. 629 5,854 16,239 8. 589 9, 540 17,345 13,167 31,938 6, 383 10, 862 6,752 7, 575 12, 264 11,063 10,214 8, 744 8, 979 38, 183 9,101 10, 157 437,801 521, 859 7,138 7,816 12,941 13, 354 3, 338 9,135 915 11,985 5, 866 9, 361 9, 149 8,908 7,288 12, 980 11,854 1, 167 6,495 10, 756 10,263 8,794 10, 182 5, 491 336, 683 359, 837 7,726 2,928 9,445 6, 048 1,419 3,295 3, 781 1,729 4,113 5, 599 able. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 145 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure | for all accounts 1 Instruction- -Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 261, 691 35, 296, 066 5, 039, 372 2, 546, 686 1, 678, 303 1, 584, 987 47, 902, 704 66, 499 47, 969, 203 210 8, 833 588, 749 92, 988 32. 365 20, 487 20, 620 784, 282 784, 282 211 1,608 915, 664 104, 801 82, 366 34, 522 23, 448 1,204, 227 1,204, 227 212 2,753 605, 757 96, 165 34, 748 26, 609 18, 232 809, 505 809, 505 213 26, 526 1, 521, 386 248, 852 29, 181 70, 324 62,721 1,995, 683 1,995, 683 214 913 433, 919 73, 076 35, 487 23, 487 10, 265 600, 826 600,826 215 1,405 530, 134 90, 427 41,579 21, 549 11,762 719,156 719, 156 216 519 439,614 70. 381 23, 597 51,8981 11,204 640, 979 3, 107 644, 086 217 712 623, 170 88, 601 54, 488 19, 588 2,250 827, 047 12, 087 839, 134 218 581 572, 897 97, 792 58, 899 40,315 211,180 1,008,218 1,008,218! 219 4, 569 605, 334 71.361 44. 176 33,212 16, 667 803, 825 803,825 220 936 552, 289 64, 860 60. 866 22,481 8, 270 738, 783 738, 783 221 5, 965 619, 112 84. 557 63, 792 42, 721 30, 220 876, 047 876,047 222 1,302 538, 937 89,216 55, 160 22, 025 20, 055 750, 223 6, 160 756,383 223 15, 103 1, 507, 720 191,713 150, 355 66, 178 39, 153 2, 010, 824 2,010, 824! 224 1,084 459, 352 59. 683 26, 809 25,512 8,888 605, 676 360 606, 036 1 225 12, 641 1,011,212 121,036 37, 703 27, 109 22,612 1, 266, 398 1, 266, 398 226 176, 241 23, 770, 820 3, 393, 863 1,715, 115 1, 130, 286 1, 067, 440 32, 261, 005 44, 785 32,305,790 227 129, 028 25, 069, 307 3, 594, 174 1, 879, 484 1, 960, 664 694, 451 34, 748, 567 1, 965, 092 36,713,659 228 486 463, 347 52, 939 17,383 15, 901 10, 846 586, 676 3, 600 590, 276 229 1,800 553, 407 66, 195 17,221 21, 756 9, 927 694, 414 1,535 695, 949 230 597 509, 384 75, 591 16,318 130,615 12, 186 776,813 254, 610 ! 1,031,423 231 1,367 771, 036 102, 177 92, 968 45. 297 17, 180 1, 064, 540 1, 064, 540 ! 232 5, 425 219, 579 36, 754 10, 643 18, 887 6, 054 310,151 66, 875 377, 026 ; 233 1,683 513, 496 61, 134 46, 883 23, 263 11,864 705, 591 118, 935 824, 526 234 147 98, 577 20, 456 4,752 4,412 5, 351 138, 301 48, 275 186, 576 235 1,717 420, 447 72, 057 35, 966 31,555 7,420 590. 538 4, 303 594. 841 236 1,352 271,996 40, 004 16, 375 40, 298 17,582 412.864 412, 864 237 7,339 411,123 85, 444 35, 082 16, 573 18, 787 593, 283 9, 526 602, 809 238 298, 273 39 990 13,717 19 980 8 637 402 553 402 553 239 1,557 542, 361 74, 768 20, 199 35i 237 ll! 039 71l] 840 711,840 240 1,269 346, 398 52, 072 22, 490 11,460 10, 125 461,007 461,007 241 1,632 549, 146 72,513 21,034 37, 903 8, 005 706, 763 2, 001 708, 764 242 366, 718 37, 254 39 534 14 126 8 716 481 988 481 988 243 119 72, 335 11,962 8, 321 3,517 2, 578 106, 323 42, 667 148, 990 244 507 267, 945 41,837 19, 007 30, 453 5, 065 389, 921 85, 524 475, 445 245 1,228 470, 139 80, 502 48, 078 107,411 17, 776 753, 433 34. 362 787, 795 246 4, 260 766, 480 94, 581 66, 193 21,744 28, 362 1,017,049 6, 975 1,024. 024 247 860 182, 565 33, 707 35, 637 13, 655 4, 369 285, 795 _ 285, 795 248 7, 367 534, 726 85, 365 47,701 39, 245 17,684 764, 555 6,928 771,483 249 5, 072 266, 085 38, 050 31,412 12, 432 6,865 375, 742 11,175 386, 917 250 83, 244 16, 173, 744 2, 318, 822 1,212,570 1, 264, 944 448, 033 22,418,427 1,267,801 23, 686, 228 251 113, 989 1 14,761,729 I 2, 088, 210 1, 061, 419 1, 119, 572 754,702 20, 835, 310 1,792,811 22,628,121 252 1,885 337, 555 38, 844 15, 342 18, 862 5,758 435, 452 435, 452 253 112 108, 623 16, 181 30, 749 4,066 60, 751 235, 562 235, 562 1 254 13, 137 504,810 i 65, 947 23, 830 29, 751 8, 336 653, 658 750 654, 408 i 255 5,048 289, 097 38. 983 19, 365 35, 092 12,811 416, 163 416, 163 256 125 056 ' 26 974 11 514 9 279 5 419 184 002 87, 048 271 050 257 168 1 146. 545 i 19! 015 7] 446 ll! 527 3i 859 199; 554 199! 554 258 682 ! 219, 587 24. 553 21,112 14, 247 3,736 300, 012 300,012 259 135, 630 1 22 828 21 217 4 598 3 686 201 483 201 483 I 260 1,205 i 236,416 i 25, 676 16’, 856 1 19! 596 6’, 927 321312 300 321,612 261 1,722 ! 229, 355 i 33, 920 i 8,017 16, 209 1 6, 750 1 316, 724 316, 724 | 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff > Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12, 953 9, 325 131, 140 2, 500 5 517 2 734 A, 672 5, 200 89, 681 3,657 4,494 13, 834 98, 336 1,033 3 450 3 547 16, 003 164, 149 3, 800 5 892 5 262 20, 238 7,666 249, 900 4, 238 16, 563 8! 038 13, 833 101,444 4, 742 3, 135 3, 572 6, 907 103, 801 2,200 4,060 4,429 15, 798 4, 950 104, 766 1,405 4,306 3, 189 23, 600 6, 000 177, 164 6, 026 3, 407 17,494 5, 600 165,917 5, 100 1,350 6, 059 2,977 20, 426 14, 400 454, 750 5, 752 17,680 22,317 9, 347 12, 091 6, 800 182,981 8, 280 7, 166 6, 787 2, 368 10, 255 103,217 705 3, 438 5, 046 17, 534 6,213 118, 125 4 687 7,729 7,314 6,981 6, 500 104, 988 2, 500 3, 580 3, 973 6,156 99, 726 2, 482 3, 332 3, 740 6, 600 91,852 2,300 5, 134 4, 743 676, 766 338, 653 8, 269, 275 34, 425 154, 722 414, 861 232, 000 11, 541, 710 2, 107, 622 14, 596, 195 251, 853,485 1, 965, 585 8, 490, 919 6, 055, 205 3, 079, 992 84, 301 131,330 130, 851 2, 696, 052 66, 750 111,272 68, 551 36, 355 454, 615 207, 132 729, 031 13,714,214 335, 556 296, 164 273, 996 10, 179, 336 540, 010 12, 523, 921 215, 058,319 1, 505, 724 7, 358, 292 5,312,470 2, 692, 636 421,669 916, 709 389, 720 7. 409, 096 85, 845 307,811 182, 648 137,371 139, 885 345, 270 5,461,589 142,910 145, 904 84, 089 43, 869 90, 296 70,210 105, 162 2,735,117 30, 381 67, 266 53, 881 4, 206 174, 122 102, 346 372, 240 4, 779, 098 133, 975 164,818 57, 402 28, 930 1, 818, 727 1, 210, 140 2, 067, 196 38, 604, 886 662, 675 1, 229, 333 1, 224, 882 484, 535 54, 901 60, 206 63,913 1,086,453 32, 900 19, 767 20, 174 6, 303 41,888 74, 050 57, 100 881,741 14, 800 17, 500 13, 827 13, 206 85, 160 56, 922 112,275 2, 750, 333 29, 515 70, 007 52, 310 24, 982 55, 622 79, 800 84, 802 1,574, 361 40, 800 22, 736 36, 407 19, 091 66, 290 68, 700 69, 900 1, 343, 746 52, 573 42, 074 17, 546 38, 317 15, 171 47, 250 702, 632 14, 472 17,278 29, 977 6, 053 56. 660 38, 430 71, 050 876. 006 17,690 25,815 41,972 14, 723 71,316 42, 779 94, 986 1, 545, 201 58, 074 43, 236 41, 566 11,692 58, 198 6, 000 58, 515 1, 050, 000 34, 852 36, 000 23, 000 62, 249 75, 564 82, 950 940, 458 16, 100 37,314 27,318 8, 531 56, 039 26, 824 67, 063 949, 397 15, 409 16, 839 46, 484 13,016 146, 457 46, 135 139, 304 2, 929, 285 94, 727 99, 512 36, 578 56, 599 26, 124 67,417 1. 276, 582 33, 152 30, 677 36, 730 18, 272 127, 324 44, 682 130, 045 2, 469, 347 106, 222 86, 942 37, 655 153, 068 104, 000 210, 801 4, 044, 446 54, 858 84,219 91,817 49, 596 69, 690 100, 360 94, 692 1, 027, 999 52, 550 42, 979 37, 650 12, 383 59, 793 51,000 80, 078 1,265, 795 54, 408 35, 308 37, 120 13, 850 152, 856 115,258 186, 825 3,179, 200 54, 420 144, 579 124, 508 32, 098 30, 632 22, 720 30, 425 397, 179 13, 351 6, 091 13, 566 7,874 59, 883 59, 201 63, 035 1, 126, 370 4, 620 18,216 35, 783 136 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 147 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction- -Continued Amount of cur¬ Total Other Total for 6 rent ex¬ current ex¬ Operation Mainte- school major cur¬ penditure penditure School of the nance of services Fixed rent ex¬ not allo¬ for all library Total for school the school (including charges penditure cable to accounts 1 supplies instruction plant plant transpor- accounts pupil cost1 ! and other tation) 2 expenses 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 361 151, 577 18, 076 7,925 4, 987 1,344 196, 862 196, 862 263 103, 032 15,643 7,741 11,840 1,550 144, 478 432 144,910 264 106, 366 27, 431 6. 525 5,410 2, 889 162, 455 103, 972 266, 427 265 1, 178 180, 281 23, 017 9,616 9, 830 238, 747 123, 062 361,809 266 285, 739 38, 936 17,480 19, 180 11,201 392, 774 867 393, 641 267 109 321 17,242 9,911 11,911 162,218 46. 295 208, 513 268 891 122; 288 13| 557 10; 168 24, 885 2, 048 176,518 57, 679 234, 197 269 354 118, 970 21,910 14,051 9,353 2, 377 182,459 48, 539 230, 998 270 386 192, 983 26, 638 15,719 19,710 1,774 280, 424 57, 322 337, 746 271 729 187, 732 26, 353 9,713 8, 279 7,210 256,781 256, 781 272 7,154 531,400 87, 609 22, 300 17,755 8, 625 688, 115 688, 115 273 3, 721 215,735 30, 577 8, 693 33, 066 6, 867 307, 029 307, 029 274 122 661 15, 705 8, 847 15, 061 48, 678 213, 320 213, 320 275 1,417 145,485 21,661 6, 351 11,891 4, 582 207, 504 108, 512 316,016 276 121,541 16, 756 16, 338 16,915 1,867 180, 398 2, 142 182, 540 277 105 540 14 277 7 992 7 276 47 054 188, 295 188, 295 278 346 no! 975 13, 555 22, 265 7, 167 2,019 159.721 159, 721 279 73, 493 9,517,429 1, 346, 346 684, 336 721,829 486, 584 13, 433, 290 1,155, 891 14, 589, 181 280 540, 349 288, 689, 352 32, 299, 771 9, 847, 805 14, 757, 276 51, 786, 948 408, 922, 862 3, 706, 608 412, 629, 470 281 46, 640 3, 287, 801 418, 102 132, 747 146, 439 376, 872 4, 446, 262 44, 090 4, 490, 352 282 7, 302 15, 563, 395 2, 609, 805 895, 564 325, 822 1,878,919 21, 728, 120 289, 489 ; 22,017,609 283 470, 172 245,461, 544 25, 378, 198 7, 196, 766 13, 620, 997 46, 856, 526 348, 693, 367 2, 753, 835 351,447,202 284 4, 776 9, 296, 605 1,631,757 837,951 119,154 1, 124,985 13,432,121 343, 018 13,775,139 285 9, 667 6, 373, 183 1. 070, 752 439, 557 288, 643 674,913 8,984,419 215,459 9. 199,878 286 1,792 3, 068, 015 487, 595 214,948 139, 006 375, 962 4, 375, 822 42, 057 4,417,879 287 5, 638, 809 703, 562 130, 272 117,215 498, 771 7, 262, 751 18, 660 7,281,411 288 261, 816 45, 745, 463 6, 436, 835 2, 906, 138 2, 503, 219 5, 544, 337 64,954, 719 3,949, 670 63,904,389 289 11,969 1,301,685 188, 876 96, 195 75,617 167, 270 1, 884, 544 26, 493 1,911,037 290 1,925 1,074, 149 139, 972 49, 450 39, 236 138,665 1,483, 360 57, 162 1, 540, 522 291 2, 249 3, 098, 593 384, 458 136, 328 152,419 384,816 4, 241,774 82, 589 4. 324, 363 292 1,794 1,859, 791 187,914 59, 194 96, 837 232, 369 2,491,727 23, 083 2,514,810 293 26, 484 1, 621, 023 203, 840 84, 839 137, 020 204, 491 2, 317, 503 2, 317. 503 294 2, 873 835, 706 133, 491 19, 734 22, 976 108, 140 1,158,364 28, 975 1, 187,339 295 8, 775 1, 094, 461 191,401 103, 409 76, 669 134, 514 1,657. 114 42, 666 1,699,780 296 5, 024 1,842, 558 310, 957 77,518 70, 963 250, 703 1 2,624,015 60, 522 2, 684, 537 297 15, 000 1, 223, 367 173, 000 141,356 57,221 22, 364 1,675,506 21,261 1, 696, 767 208 2, 186 1, 190, 421 248, 442 74, 052 121,043 163, 679 1,859,886 81,085 1, 940, 971 299 1,847 1,136,879 183, 234 77, 748 58, 668 153, 555 1,666, 123 48, 593 1,714,716 300 46, 139 3, 391, 680 441, 486 182, 433 120, 542 452, 824 4. 735, 422 70, 142 4. 805, 564 301 5, 852 1,494, 806 179, 636 106, 056 103, 173 1, 940, 270 196, 993 2, 137, 263 302 51,983 2, 926, 876 410,117 292, 346 61,002 373, 955 4. 191,620 40, 772 4, 232, 392 303 15, 064 4, 654, 801 725, 655 351,027 201,096 592, 267 6,677,914 150, 252 6, 828, 166 304 2, 000 1,370,613 192, 364 135, 097 48. 623 197,831 2,014,218 10, 344 2, 024, 562 305 16, 240 l,553,7g 166, 194 79, 926 143, 084 76, 385 2,079, 181 40, 616 2, 119,797 306 5, 591 3, 842, 479 635, 117 305, 958 187, 076 569, 037 5, 692, 523 183, 100 5, 875, 623 307 989 492, 195 58, 150 27, 603 16, 675 71,831 697, 086 22, 217 719, 303 308 1,027 1, 308, 388 242, 168 78, 622 93, 408 177, 506 1,959, 975 26, 408 1, 986, 383 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction — Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 24, 075 53, 583 877, 433 22, 648 39,617 37, 360 29, 808 13, 752 6, 900 23, 150 331, 106 15, 881 5, 651 3, 693 33, 553 454, 436 23, 562 9, 945 10, 186 55, 495 18, 000 2, 195, 119 55, 856 103, 634 67, 947 23, 096 56. 988 38, 237 64, 700 1, 127, 090 18, 640 27, 346 47, 608 14, 504 131, 922 51,077 95, 337 2, 203, 171 58,412 98, 358 104, 634 36, 663 2, 331, 896 1, 193, 057 2, 228, 374 44, 230, 935 1, 450, 300 1, 141, 203 3, 368, 258 701, 879 20, 128 5, 740 16, 460 283, 081 3, 350 2, 050 8, 320 2, 512 86, 533 22, 200 44, 800 1,170,115 22, 000 27, 762 52, 598 19, 667 42, 975 26, 851 42, 050 588, 697 10, 244 26, 143 7,675 42, 161 77, 767 71,050 1, 190, 492 54, 890 28, 241 36, 912 25, 733 30, 010 14, 050 346, 775 5,118 6,112 15, 029 5, 446 82, 245 66, 000 24, 000 2, 105, 119 49, 440 110, 050 705, 988 23, 096 25, 856 17, 800 34, 800 564, 764 9,318 20, 172 10, 821 22, 385 25,450 19, 200 399, 088 13, 277 7, 272 15,818 5,843 119, 701 51,200 126, 196 2,717,361 58, 939 62,671 88, 174 52,961 46, 235 15, 204 42. 506 822, 448 40, 601 26, 774 20, 918 12, 025 72, 926 20, 327 55,614 1,239,914 89, 090 33, 555 48, 175 16, 090 48,910 42, 966 49,211 720, 853 9, 792 11,657 21,876 5, 599 53, 148 7,626 59, 165 1, 089, 095 74, 256 26, 561 63, 498 19,513 44, 288 73, 740 853, 493 9, 008 21,382 21,115 42, 103 33, 000 63, 560 934, 712 72, 226 29, 361 28, 676 12,077 26, 902 20, 535 304, 259 15, 269 11,328 7,516 19, 374 10,410 32, 279 334, 859 5, 400 3, 540 7,918 893 1.506,016 770, 516 1, 439, 158 28, 565, 810 936, 652 737, 027 2, 175, 333 453, 297 1, 553, 328 588, 566 1, 185, 080 22, 685, 810 640, 772 472, 819 1, 147, 213 442, 635 60, 011 10, 000 20, 450 503, 668 42, 600 6,118 20, 736 6,088 21,361 14, 063 327, 780 4, 900 8, 024 13, 695 4,850 29, 177 17, 600 331, 704 10, 633 5, 800 18,778 5, 935 38, 937 7, 000 40, 599 629, 330 8,353 20, 510 35, 429 2,170 20,410 20 200 318 929 4. 000 3, 758 18, 259 15, 848 18, 950 10! 879 172’ 237 8, 940 7,500 25, 408 15, 000 315 451 16 903 5, 075 18,015 17,751 5, 600 22, 250 364, 294 8, 056 5,815 14, 381 9, 979 19,015 30, 810 24, 300 361,578 4,750 2,862 18, 925 9, 354 30, 235 14, 159 34, 895 537, 123 5, 800 15, 978 34,118 6, 970 45, 168 22, 600 28, 000 634, 129 6, 500 19, 078 40, 262 14,511 23, 949 14, 600 18, 300 361,516 12,370 5, 239 11,519 15, 093 32, 728 7,258 15,812 430, 241 28, 600 9,257 25, 062 8,510 27, 843 8, 065 23, 050 374, 301 6, 476 20, 796 6, 976 23, 851 26, 100 7,200 437,016 13, 100 7, 548 22,114 12, 306 8, 163 14, 975 10, 250 276, 005 3, 200 2,967 15,912 3, 065 26,617 11,200 12, 800 369, 125 6, 900 4, 986 18, 843 7,906 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS'. CITIES 149 public-school systems: 1955— 56— -Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction— Continued School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 1,436 1,814 294 3, 848 23, 656 5,757 1,061,885 388, 195 498, 423 2, 467, 500 1, 361, 781 2, 653, 409 123, 804 60, 066 71,041 165, 023 186,715 433,714 17, 575 11,287 41, 892 55, 930 75, 941 224, 622 143, 025 51, 183 23, 160 219, 808 66, 737 115, 958 133, 038 51, 302 61, 356 302, 432 186, 836 337, 171 1, 503, 402 575, 785 729, 425 3, 266, 188 1,934, 998 3, 896, 796 1,213, 894 634, 239 677, 887 48, 326 12, 526 149, 525 2, 717, 296 1,210, 024 1, 407, 312 3,314,514 1, 947, 524 4, 046, 321 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 469, 177 54, 783, 183 7, 116, 586 2, 744, 820 4, 316, 227 9, 049, 190 80, 341, 902 81, 547, 193 397 3, 952 8,711 34, 002 3, 848 3,154 962 4,846 3, 574 36, 852 1,569 39, 052 4, 596 17, 645 2,334 673 303, 010 321,910 1, 363, 094 710, 371 1, 519, 087 392, 530 3, 087, 541 660, 829 486, 910 3, 162, 348 984, 050 1,539,617 863, 523 1, 378, 766 983, 334 1,191,257 361,241 395, 972 35, 380, 803 40, 325 178, 039 97, 822 169, 782 86, 985 165, 023 93, 175 60, 279 507, 988 160, 433 190, 921 132, 328 213, 802 124,010 181,678 51,626 66, 242 4, 596, 128 7, 391 45, 325 71,089 68, 410 107, 148 55, 930 12, 050 38,610 122, 781 18, 784 86, 351 60, 307 68, 068 86, 280 88, 524 16, 594 18, 482 1, 772, 696 24, 129 200, 482 82. 034 97, 256 53, 186 221,216 25, 892 15, 561 264, 068 52, 571 84, 104 47, 706 156,457 52, 454 96, 265 38, 975 16, 308 2, 787, 563 43, 406 165, 486 92, 799 176, 067 810, 178 302, 432 99, 531 62, 242 433, 277 127, 337 193, 635 119,718 189, 058 125, 186 173, 065 49, 343 42, 162 5. 844, 268 457, 289 2, 038, 959 1,097,090 2, 072, 763 1, 480, 037 3, 914, 387 917,333 685. 987 4,610, 163 1,389,410 2, 167, 554 1,272,492 2, 059, 299 1.415, 552 1,772,892 544, 681 558, 540 51,887,474 1,678 11,224 18,858 39, 084 61, 227 46, 918 10, 353 6, 224 113, 695 20, 099 16,313 13,171 20, 930 22, 765 7,032 600 16, 703 778,417 458, 967 2, 050, 183 1,115, 948 2,111,847 1,541,264 3, 961,305 927, 692, 4, 723, 1, 409, 2, 183, 1,285, 2, 080, 1,438, 1,779, 545, 575, 52. 665, 212, 481 27, 375, 376 3, 911, 601 1, 316, 123 2, 782, 707 3, 329, 684 40, 268, 819 504, 453 40, 773, 272 716 1,196 22, 078 11,278 4, 431 2, 586 940 1,209 687 1,252 1,708 3,712 1,016 529 1,317 255 614, 640 374, 028 391,646 765, 469 376, 424 222, 937 373, 030 431,315 453, 788 649, 730 766, 332 440, 345 528, 452 440, 680 525, 913 327, 691 432,015 77, 470 62, 867 59, 425 117,686 48,319 38, 136 55, 362 54,671 65, 646 90, 221 113,069 61,714 84, 475 62, 107 79,312 36, 658 50, 424 34, 497 10, 243 30, 670 10,612 22. 349 10, 147 18,439 16, 728 14,738 37,814 43, 383 23, 759 14, 576 20, 921 27, 970 12,075 20, 034 29, 520 62, 160 20, 839 104,251 15, 330 10, 759 29, 954 37, 040 34, 648 87, 558 40, 960 23,310 71,008 124, 307 103, 593 32, 184 25, 795 74, 232 46, 782 44, 452 98, 825 46, 306 24, 575 37, 659 51,399 57, 375 87,288 97, 623 56, 665 67, 564 54, 700 76, 328 40, 369 57, 841 890, 370 577,441 576, 209 1, 135, 529, 138 322, 402 539, 852 608, 904 645, 210 982, 846 1, 106, 535 629, 742 798, 803 730, 558 836, 967 457, 140 612,726 10,171 4,042 2,362 3,254 5,019 10, 025 35, 493 11,758 4, 473 7, 673 3, 257 13, 904 5,917 3, 492 890, 587, 580. 1, 135, 531, 325, 544, 608, 655, 1,018, 1, 118, 634, 806, 733, 850, 463, 616, 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration 46, 161 20, 105 22, 022 998, 568 915, 685 19, 528 12, 929 5, 583 15, 430 3, 246 76, 875 16,901 16, 888 51, 191 4, 34,275 12, 439 12, 953 7,376 13,215 22, 420 19, 260 26, 009 25,612 11,611 19, 674 54, 067 9, 190 44, 308 19,483 3, 844 11,205 19,455 13, 684 312, 165 3, 874, 201 182, 864 196,222 2, 314, 366 897, 198 143, 147 140, 404 Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors 18, 885 378, 364 90, 655 6, 000 6,600 12,250 5, 500 7,400 16, 500 5, 500 30, 905 2, 049, 284 109, 061 59, 229 70, 997 107, 343 649, 003 320, 941 90, 345 81,640 776, 011 68, 523 12, 000 Prin¬ cipals 58, 695 16, 000 12, 900 761,837 677, 064 28, 268 13, 400 21,600 13, 000 14, 000 8,000 15, 500 17,050 28, 054 7, 100 16, 750 5,117 8, 500 8, 800 14, 000 7,005 12, 400 30, 500 28,771 6, 000 24, 592 19, 972 28, 400 17,300 11,150 8. 000 18, 333 14, 685 230,817 3, 718, 531 166, 359 193,883 2,257,072 854, 500 87, 098 159,619 1, 430, 985 73, 499 32, 630 Class¬ room teachers 764, 257 312, 386 281,005 14, 583, 735 499, 970 267, 828 247,713 298, 392 210, 175 220, 348 330, 866 318, 330 974, 098 179,345 477,065 84, 750 170, 608 276, 227 238, 602 274, 257 279, 025 430, 309 697, 549 179, 322 282, 297 596, 479 370, 900 480,418 237, 162 209, 796 170, 139 329, 793 247, 278 4, 954, 674 63, 211, 886 2, 653, 3, 473, 709 38, 547, 833 13, 207, 375 2,477,355 2, 852, 306 33, 171, 973 1,315,010 823. 050 Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 45, 782 6, 400 411,925 519, 347 8,959 15, 563 4,954 7,850 8,150 4,200 11,400 4,700 24, 127 13, 250 4,600 6, 5,600 6,650 24,412 55, 000 5,275 5,315 56, 585 3, 700 43, 390 6, 598 5, 5, 400 3, 833 177,050 2, 310, 509 61,506 135, 000 1. 948, 652 101,051 28, 300 36, 000 421, 334 17, 700 Clerks 25,010 8,600 5, 763 303, 955 436, 351 20, 105 6, 968 6,916 5, 745 10, 020 6, 500 12,937 6,452 32, 879 5, 887 3, 559 3,100 5,443 4,519 10, 600 5, 790 2, 500 21,726 36, 166 5,918 2, 12, 874 9, 609 19, 944 5,179 4,150 5, 299 7,790 6, 334 148, 756 2, 570, 747 72, 332 151,639 1,695,057 551,730 67, 103 32,886 681, 710 37, 063 24, 465 Supplies and other expenses 38, 423 15, 701 17,826 737, 494 870, 192 24, 376 18,411 23, 885 14, 506 11,417 21, 180 31,344 12,335 55, 888 5. 907 26, 168 5,646 7,792 29, 606 15,612 16, 921 15, 806 32, 045 58,815 10,381 8,317 31,318 22, 179 20, 374 10, 789 8,914 6,290 15, 534 11,780 296, 656 2, 518, 420 120, 871 168, 355 1,340, 776 687, 873 99, 407 101, 138 1, 508, 132 87, 036 41,418 able. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 151 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ Total School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Fixed charges rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5, 349 967,912 137, 837 47, 295 91,018 112, 535 1,402,758 10, 590 1,413, 348 353 585 362, 897 53, 064 14,922 38, 823 49, 821 539, 632 6, 927 546, 559 354 10, 062 331,676 48, 537 38, 872 10, 767 6, 834 458, 708 41,805 500, 513 355 136, 595 17, 598,456 2,514, 601 846, 079 1, 788, 883 2, 140, 511 25, 887, 098 324, 291 26,211,389 356 107, 228 17, 491, 215 2, 790, 260 862, 156 2, 426, 962 1, 951, 788 26, 438, 066 624, 665 27, 062, 731 357 5, 040 593, 638 112, 147 16, 680 106, 685 88, 334 937, 032 8,484 945, 516 358 528 326, 187 57, 372 25, 148 62, 988 445 485, 069 52, 970 538, 039 359 771 309, 376 58, 292 8,625 46, 837 40, 061 468, 774 8, 606 477, 380 360 1,231 349, 536 64,971 8, 703 48, 552 46, 047 533, 239 11,914 545, 153 361 1, 198 257, 504 33, 057 11,934 43, 327 33, 309 382, 377 3, 622 385, 999 362 900 264, 179 41,662 32, 826 34,711 35, 680 485, 933 1,683 487,616 363 1,219 410, 926 65, 709 15, 285 35, 368 1, 196 545, 385 55, 871 601, 256 364 543 361,312 50, 409 14, 999 21, 126 51, 093 515,827 3, 976 519, 803 365 858 1, 145, 132 202, 726 17, 776 170, 445 133, 231 1, 720, 501 17,735 1,738, 236 366 422 201, 652 28, 843 12, 158 14, 835 29,615 291,972 4, 422 296, 394 367 7,384 550, 696 121,393 12, 478 147, 198 79, 691 945,731 4,322 950, 053 368 633 104, 087 18, 732 5, 287 7,045 16, 205 163, 795 2,659 166, 454 369 1,849 203, 238 23, 474 11,559 10, 084 24, 861 286, 169 3,559 289, 728 370 938 344, 505 82,051 8, 486 68, 664 45, 603 556, 685 4,936 561,621 371 748 288, 672 47,410 40, 823 29, 855 25, 433 445, 408 11, 598 457,006 372 1,025 315, 555 44, 380 26, 986 18,476 50, 671 478, 488 13, 800 492, 288 373 2,238 318, 937 58, 940 11,995 48, 800 457,932 2,009 459, 941 374 4,256 555, 862 84, 772 41,892 56, 781 65, 355 830, 671 12, 207 842,878 375 17,826 908, 121 121,741 77,475 89, 899 103, 879 1, 326, 727 10,812 1,337, 539 376 450 209, 488 24, 809 14, 505 17, 945 24, 004 302, 362 2,374 304, 736 377 129 328, 078 57, 101 18, 127 31,823 454, 803 58, 962 513, 765 378 1,011 740, 351 107, 541 24, 745 107,616 66, 684 1, 101,004 59, 203 1, 160, 207 379 835 439, 278 60, 368 19, 872 93, 301 60, 065 682, 074 11,559 693, 633 380 4, 078 610, 267 77, 769 46, 671 116, 150 70, 907 966, 072 22, 700 988, 772 381 856 275,417 28, 328 5, 124 6, 440 33, 929 368, 721 5, 042 373, 763 382 5,352 241, 160 43, 762 2,413 49, 084 36, 009 376, 272 2,823 379, 095 383 5, 000 199, 225 21, 115 17, 757 14, 540 24, 599 288, 441 900 289, 341 384 799 385, 234 58, 009 10, 469 65, 653 60,716 599, 536 9,103 608, 639 385 2, 556 290, 670 42, 153 7,441 35, 361 38, 784 428, 093 3, 860 431,953 386 36, 555 5, 962, 912 951,224 293, 917 827, 373 665, 382 9,012, 973 212,954 9, 225, 927 387 122, 184 76, 958, 375 13, 074, 886 6, 483, 387 3, 431, 510 7, 301, 221 111, 123, 580 3, 419, 465 114, 543, 045 388 16, 436 3, 215, 452 458, 951 162, 990 192, 267 237, 793 4, 450, 317 118,818 4, 569, 135 389 12, 005 4, 320, 164 899, 043 319, 930 166, 179 408, 297 6, 309, 835 320, 976 6,630,811 390 40, 860 47,217,867 7, 404, 337 3, 653, 879 2, 346, 273 5, 007, 537 67, 944, 259 2, 341,635 70, 285, 894 391 44, 566 15, 967, 771 3, 034, 039 1,784,609 413, 031 1, 153, 761 23, 250, 409 539, 484 23, 789, 893 392 5, 738 2,917,265 658, 351 224, 146 141,871 248, 847 4, 333, 627 41,410 4, 375, 037 393 2,579 3, 319, 856 620, 165 337, 833 171,889 244, 986 4,835,133 57, 142 4, 892, 275 394 128, 644 38, 794, 544 6, 605, 772 2, 555, 103 1, 983, 504 3, 241, 620 55, 229, 827 2, 483, 613 57, 713, 440 395 14, 328 1, 633, 590 247, 856 122, 820 205, 282 406,117 2, 724, 726 5, 700 2, 730, 426 396 1,000 961,716 191,186 41, 702 96, 480 77, 465 1,427,778 14, 038 1,441,816 397 509375 0-59-11 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff ' 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 107, 882 61,458 25,771 1,921,198 20, 857 23, 580 94, 594 32, 856 83, 346 34, 800 77, 692 1,729,017 34, 600 30, 009 84,610 44, 266 93, 705 36, 000 88, 049 1,830,450 21, 340 61,495 20, 523 64,910 25, 165 42,891 911,916 14, 337 35,316 30, 732 136, 183 26, 867 76, 999 2, 021,836 69, 600 46, 196 72, 174 26, 114 98,631 62, 350 1,097,343 32, 605 54,271 24, 468 60. 051 39, 096 40, 458 867, 382 9, 380 9, 357 24, 784 8, 265 105.273 40, 372 77, 888 1,681,647 20, 714 75, 329 34, 535 67, 585 42, 248 50, 204 1,434,656 8, 260 16,161 43, 677 24, 642 41,913 5,912 24, 393 818,463 20, 540 15, 205 50, 377 22, 255 100, 751 18, 121 109, 294 1,782,809 44. 676 72, 297 124, 450 34, 947 85,896 16,957 71,900 1,344,632 1,017 16,673 84,216 27,930 80,896 11,000 61,608 1, 150,292 41,600 38,021 51,686 28,482 78, 029 15, 924 66, 693 1,380, 148 35, 000 33,413 63, 483 47, 870 47, 562 31,631 18,720 737,855 14,211 46, 579 19, 200 69, 507 44, 000 34, 700 1,018, 635 16, 544 38,731 18, 438 53, 076 23, 300 51,950 844, 098 9, 000 13, 330 37, 086 20, 494 137,014 45, 500 83, 600 2, 043, 497 49, 120 67, 026 93, 741 33, 844 9, 280 24, 329 37, 769 578, 181 4,251 11,550 24, 230 13, 355 88,818 61,110 35, 500 1,675, 847 22, 770 12,992 7,363 26, 551 63, 926 46, 334 827, 168 12, 363 11,283 46, 787 19, 224 86, 476 21,200 74,015 1,426, 599 20, 600 32, 599 89, 936 34, 481 120, 284 70, 498 66, 078 1,910, 244 50, 739 74, 763 34, 699 2, 788, 203 640, 873 1, 637, 628 34, 602, 483 656, 584 681, 533 1, 738, 948 779, 672 43, 397 19, 346 13, 400 626, 850 9, 600 13, 460 28, 630 13, 420 22, 909 6, 900 7, 150 302, 270 10, 200 7,432 10,418 5, 583 54,716 40, 200 932, 989 19, 745 45, 253 27, 698 32, 780 6, 596 6, 595 247, 872 9, 336 4,887 91,607 6, 500 66, 000 1,029, 300 39, 316 28, 062 59, 240 23, 203 13,255 4, 185 12, 860 429, 685 7,600 7,327 36, 136 18, 290 37, 694 10, 933 209, 399 4,000 6, 500 6,416 5, 661 41,422 18, 200 294, 229 14, 925 6, 891 12,221 6, 563 32, 431 28, 781 338, 386 7,800 6,356 16, 887 3, 947 37, 166 6,987 326, 470 4, 500 7,633 14, 361 5, 592 28, 438 6, 800 13, 301 466, 980 10, 100 4,698 21,485 10, 871 13,019 6, 223 6,200 409, 298 10, 120 24, 151 5,816 42, 501 23, 899 345, 038 9, 584 7,537 8, 270 8, 726 24, 979 17,967 340, 763 7, 050 4,265 19, 993 5, 676 17, 136 6, 100 22, 133 297, 266 11,159 26, 975 14, 500 40, 661 16, 025 23, 505 517,152 8,954 11,122 23, 789 7,613 42, 563 5, 955 33,014 527,919 15, 300 16, 101 22,432 11,224 37, 546 27, 468 37, 000 552, 236 7,900 4, 353 29,210 9,983 41,558 30, 844 19, 800 768, 748 15, 000 10, 773 39, 252 15, 936 49, 862 38, 271 11, 166 470, 387 7,242 8, 589 17, 343 8, 497 48, 900 6, 500 45, 228 421,514 12, 000 13,419 31,141 12, 436 25, 208 12, 478 354, 872 2,440 17,571 7,845 21,622 10, 202 10, 700 232, 828 2,400 13,731 3, 902 37, 409 i 15 093 25 000 537, 783 900 13, 965 3, 764 21.468 1 6. 238 15.453 282. 306 3,869 9, 773 7,340 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 City by region, State, and group NORTHEAST— Continued PENNSYLVANIA— Continued Group II — Continued Altoona _ Bethlehem _ Chester _ Easton 8 _ Harrisburg _ Haverford (town¬ ship). Hazleton _ Johnstown ® _ Lancaster _ Lebanon _ Lower Merion (township). McKeesport _ Mount Lebanon (township). New Castle _ New Kensington,. Norristown _ Sharon _ Upper Darby (township). Washington _ Wilkes-Barre _ Wilkinsburg _ Williamsport _ York _ Group III Bradford _ Bristol _ Butler ® _ Chambersburg Cheltenham.... Connellsville _ Coraopolis _ Donora _ Dormont _ Ellwood City _ Franklin _ Homestead _ Latrobe _ Lemoyne _ Lewistown _ Munhall _ Oil City _ Pottstown _ Pottsville _ Shaler Township Tamaqua _ Union town... Waynesboro 8_ See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 153 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued Amount of cur¬ Total Other Total for 6 rent ex¬ current ex¬ Operation Mainte- school major cur¬ penditure penditure School of the nance of services Fixed rent ex¬ not allo¬ for all library Total for school the school (including charges penditure cable to accounts 1 supplies instruction plant plant transpor- accounts pupil cost1 and other tation) 2 expenses 10 11 12 13 14 15 ‘6 1 17 _ 18 5, 655 2, 185, 969 379, 572 247,918 104, 503 150, 594 3, 176, 438 65, 493 3, 241,931 398 6, 604 2, 041,598 357, 193 118,852 122, 339 136, 236 2, 859, 564 46, 578 2, 906, 142 399 4, 148 2, 062, 005 267, 880 150, 836 93. 634 129,312 2, 797, 372 40, 100 2,837,472 400 5, 000 1, 065, 357 186, 786 50,011 42, 198 70, 340 1,479, 602 72, 925 1, 552, 527 401 2, 269 2. 342, 055 404, 582 83, 484 99, 496 178,879 3. 244, 679 27. 000 3, 271,679 402 9, 382 1,280,419 225, 653 76, 165 117, 395 114,717 1, 912, 980 27, 465 1,940,445 403 2, 952 1,001,674 165, 905 45, 526 36, 086 78, 444 1, 387, 686 41,730 1, 429, 416 404 1,930, 485 363, 543 110, 889 53, 635 124, 024 2, 687, 849 1,714, 005 4,401,854 405 4,652 1, 624. 500 280, 630 140, 449 67,519 128,810 2, 309, 493 25,251 2, 334, 744 406 5,139 962, 284 172, 250 47, 386 59, 714 139, 065 1,422,612 76, 154 1,498, 766 407 5, 238 2,191,832 386, 459 241,518 171,118 162, 430 3, 254, 108 45, 497 3, 299, 605 408 4, 303 1, 567, 628 246, 737 83, 578 48, 538 111,046 2, 143, 423 24,511 2, 167, 934 409 8, 339 1,391,028 225, 532 57, 049 46, 965 101,965 1,903, 435 34, 151 1,937,586 410 7, 359 1, 649, 890 273, 812 115, 747 68, 943 164, 626 2,351,047 13, 000 2, 364, 047 411 1,427 869, 623 111,919 40, 177 28, 760 89, 172 1. 187,213 26. 369 1, 213, 582 412 2, 821 1,173,869 178, 355 81,439 42, 925 82, 073 1,628, 168 1,500 1. 629, 668 413 972 1,000, 230 156, 335 48, 607 30, 984 75, 371 1, 364, 603 8, 363 1,372,966 414 6, 724 2, 423, 052 298, 932 194, 658 163,710 185, 948 3, 403, 314 2,494 3, 405, 808 415 6, 432 700, 097 110, 805 32, 127 22, 602 32, 153 907, 064 907, 064 416 3, 760 1, 845, 893 436, 239 25, 736 84, 992 136, 242 2,617,920 23. 825 2,641,745 , 417 5, 384 968, 543 216,514 204, 067 28,517 73, 510 1, 555, 077 11,972 1,567,049 1 418 9, 538 1, 708, 968 285, 279 122, 322 47, 424 129, 586 2. 380, 055 62, 674 2, 442, 729 419 5,218 2, 212, 239 435, 818 72, 040 99, 745 163,495 3,103,621 72,818 3, 176, 439 420 167, 761 40, 905, 482 6, 626, 990 2, 885, 647 2, 249, 752 3, 692, 717 59, 148, 791 1, 039, 898 60,188,689 p421 2, 431 727, 137 122, 138 37, 460 34, 689 58, 257 1,023, 078 20, 355 1, 043, 433 422 1,424 351,377 64, 268 11,200 11,514 28, 952 490, 220 5, 408 495, 628 423 6, 901 1,072,786 137,693 134, 736 37, 148 70, 261 1, 507, 340 20. 876 1,528,216 424 1,816 277, 102 39, 945 7,744 15,414 334, 972 707, 957 707, 957 425 5,649 1,257,270 235, 366 104,617 100, 860 97, 393 1,887, 113 10, 920 1,898, 033 426 516, 083 73, 569 26, 096 21,667 36, 325 686, 995 18, 502 705, 497 427 891 243, 800 32, 032 19, 979 34, 828 368, 333 3, 389 371,722 i 428 2, 489 355,518 51,632 19, 855 11,521 22. 074 502, 022 4,940 506, 962 429 1,050 403, 207 75, 096 10, 556 17,767 33, 547 572, 604 750 573, 354 430 2,000 367, 543 69, 069 84, 409 8, 421 28, 133 594. 741 7,762 602, 503 431 668 534. 903 53, 180 36,914 19, 150 35, 898 708, 483 13, 543 722, 026 432 2, 964 464, 772 54, 932 35, 693 59, 342 37,812 665, 570 665, 570 433 799 403, 853 79, 568 9, 970 32, 507 30, 583 598, 982 639 599, 621 434 2,180 397, 894 54, 493 26, 121 7,979 32, 715 544, 181 21, 140 565, 321 435 3, 330 381,463 60, 153 12, 767 25, 830 497, 349 15. 708 513, 057 436 2, 049 610, 209 75, 029 34, 430 31,497 47, 278 839, 104 2, 588 841.692 437 2,819 634, 764 107,511 28,615 16, 305 46, 353 876, 111 9,848 885, 959 438 3,819 671,969 115, 964 30, 492 36, 641 96, 447 989, 059 9, 495 998, 554 439 3, 498 903, 851 103, 223 66, 995 304, 488 68, 748 1,214, 863 17, 361 1, 232, 224 440 899 562, 394 112,304 45, 138 29, 882 44, 281 843, 861 83, 189 927, 050 441 542, 238 117 090 39 447 54 229 801 904 59 395 861, 299 442 1,949 397, 155 63, 157 35, 228 13, 066 4,264 538, 078 538, 078 443 458 274, 221 48, 121 8, 909 19, 751 21,973 394, 597 394, 597 444 1,734 598, 239 126, 646 78, 789 24, 283 25, 586 890, 952 890, 952 445 1,134 326, 113 42, 183 19, 959 23, 369 14, 646 447, 738 447, 738 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction Salaries and wages Adminis¬ tration Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 53,612 1,834. 344 421,627 32, 291 1,077,387 575, 151 22, 764, 792 33, 550 431,963 18, 005 448, 377 36, 924 1,144,045 17, 757 512, 942 1, 592, 406 183, 474 695, 650 18, 090, 142 121, 799 275, 000 1, 141, 209 440, 813 14,360 6, 554 174, 267 1,427 2,943 2,375 11,495 7, 513 127,235 6, 029 3, 909 11,093 23, 566 14,000 648, 375 11, 192 45,816 17, 505 7,486 3, 167 10, 600 135, 576 3, 078 5, 547 2,010 32, 727 6, 500 233, 737 4, 189 2,564 13, 926 3, 924 27, 582 5, 807 139, 522 4,800 3, 586 18,418 5,050 20, 831 5, 738 130, 155 4, 500 1,246 9, 233 1,928 13, 113 13, 966 123, 400 2, 181 3, 554 1,704 23, 723 8, 065 169, 799 5,676 16, 734 4,254 15,420 5, 600 186, 173 3, 540 9, 671 4,217 8,477 81,378 3,126 1,232 31,562 16, 954 404, 062 4,680 25, 522 6,918 19,216 5, 900 202, 553 2,317 9, 586 7,289 6, 648 5, 361 162, 042 2,269 10, 153 4,361 25, 222 13, 050 309, 221 7,908 31,643 7,433 28, 188 9, 369 12,850 254, 078 9, 250 7,451 23, 108 6, 466 16,718 5, 900 170, 936 1,700 6,275 2,727 21,203 5, 724 356,617 1,800 2, 692 9,812 15,479 4,950 121,291 1,365 9, 164 4, 708 17,422 96, 930 4,298 753 27,214 5,215 6, 800 361,607 7,098 30, 408 7,672 28,437 17,467 212,981 18, 350 6,088 18, 826 4,285 20, 478 10, 550 182, 945 2, 027 9, 532 6, 033 15, 134 4 906 107,991 3, 667 3, 451 21,489 19, 503 196,725 2,287 18,212 4,532 22,481 13, 500 273, 390 3, 000 22, 665 3,519 18, 406 16, 497 199, 512 1,424 9, 454 4,092 15, 593 5, 000 6, 000 340, 200 3,200 15, 000 20, 000 1,055, 209 121,579 460, 973 11,987,444 80, 710 182, 229 756, 223 292, 105 694, 007 27, 257 202, 531 6, 461, 216 29, 791 116, 686 386, 900 172, 422 12, 036 15, 100 174, 880 16. 188 4, 927 13, 553 107,801 3, 644 10. 297 5, 150 89, 827 1,485 4,354 3, 486 21,934 10, 000 219, 021 2, 325 12,424 8, 118 H, 425 51,095 2, 160 2, 543 1, 194 8, 828 55,741 1,622 2,119 3,405 9, 442 37, 089 1,964 2,835 585 4, 900 5, 600 4, 500 49, 579 1,800 1,223 1,438 11,390 106, 806 2,700 6, 178 1,453 6, 750 89, 840 2, 500 3, 406 2,490 15, 557 5,517 155, 688 1,783 10, 137 4,401 13, 700 77, 000 1,000 4,000 26, 035 5, 200 5, 800 339, 821 848 24, 092 9,132 5,458 5, 950 126, 607 2, 050 6, 650 2,516 18, 033 200, 385 4, 500 6, 780 22, 394 4,317 9, 500 5, 400 210,625 4,877 6, 662 4, 221 26, 708 80, 148 7,304 469 4,271 1,453 13, 027 10, 448 91, 069 4,000 1,851 1,699 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 155 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction- -Continued Amount of cur¬ Total Other Total for 6 rent ex¬ current ex¬ Operation Mainte- school major cur¬ penditure penditure School of the nance of services Fixed rent ex¬ not allo¬ for all library Total for school the school (including charges penditure cable to accounts 1 supplies instruction plant plant transpor- accounts pupil cost 1 and other tation) 2 expenses 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 4,441 718,119 152, 766 21,076 51, 504 46, 800 1, 043, 877 29, 947 1, 073, 824 447 110, 369 26,911,502 4, 359, 862 1, 898, 452 1,480, 100 2, 429,419 38, 913, 679 684, 143 39. 597. 822 448 148, 496 21, 096, 583 3, 004,328 1, 118, 689 1, 473, 526 2, 521, 445 30, 806, 977 2, 228, 959 33, 035,936 449 519 188, 085 20. 970 8, 223 5, 331 236, 969 236, 969 450 944 145,' 630 35, 177 3! 286 5, 624 201,212 60, 940 262. 152 451 5, 662 766, 116 50. 747 13, 794 112,468 44, 256 998, 474 99, 257 1,097,731 452 453 160, 431 29,316 5, 072 7,866 10, 197 220, 368 1,491 221,859 453 1,206 266, 046 38, 204 15, 523 8, 558 19, 608 380, 666 2,000 382, 666 454 1,000 178, 183 46. 497 S, 282 17,900 13, 353 291, 797 291,797 455 403 153, 203 31. 594 8, 444 16, 262 12,611 242, 945 242, 945 456 157 144, 962 20, 356 18.116 8, 571 2,420 207, 538 207, 538 457 1,259 205, 787 50. 197 4, 920 13, 526 16, 292 314,445 99, 951 414, 396 458 601 209, 802 32, 639 14, 533 10, 547 16, 949 299, 890 299. 890 459 575 86,311 8, 872 3, 851 4,800 6. 144 118,455 160, 165 278, 620 460 3,664 461,800 68, 680 17,371 60, 476 436, 566 1,076,455 8,082 1. 084, 537 461 4, 629 232, 274 19,991 19,510 9, 461 16, 100 316, 552 11,803 328, 355 462 1,049 185, 235 24, 459 2,965 2,433 10, 379 232,119 2, 534 234,653 463 1,392 370, 647 44. 196 15,919 12,486 24,017 492, 487 1,000 493, 487 464 2, 492 325, 064 61,867 10, 037 21, 177 25, 938 472,271 8,618 480, 889 465 670 188, 208 21,682 8,215 28. 884 15, 222 278, 929 4, 205 283, 134 466 11,299 387, 944 42, 308 17,110 10, 584 29, 974 509, 123 11,224 520, 347 467 497 141,975 16, 083 8,099 4,864 10,811 197,311 7,404 204,715 468 478 102, 459 11,891 5. 996| 4,549 8,451 150, 768 83. 183 233, 951 469 1,441 420, 241 70, 142 39, 0441 34, 727 29, 116 620, 484 163, 873 784, 357 470 2, 144 280, 141 47, 388 15,237 18, 725 16,810 406, 738 10, 683 417,421 471 132 211,219 21, 148 22, 184 16,278 16, 583 307, 890 4,323 312,213 472 505 120, 520 21,649 2,895 12, 133 5, 975 178, 306 178, 306 | 473 1,895 243, 154 39, 660 20, 230 18, 601 18, 696 361, 830 361,830 474 1,229 317,303 44, 076 22.019 10. 788 22, 140 438, 807 4, 671 443,478 I 475 800 231,779 33,719 10,514 6, 474 300, 892 6, 531 307, 423 476 3,000 392, 400 60, 000 36, 000 13, 000 22, 000 538. 993 533, 993 477 98, 401 j 13,979,664 1, 990, 820 744,300 976, 433 1,670, 837 20,414,263 1,477, 021 21,891,284 478 30, 374 7, 427, 177 1, 096, 994 350, 759 587, 798 j 328, 974 10, 485, 709 301,471 10, 787, 180 479 | 1,566 212,661 25, 504 13, 482 4, 707 268, 390 18, 021 286,411 480 111,445 9, 477 624 3,440 816 139, 355 139, 355 481 104, 302 12,714 4,628 10. 243 5, 138 147, 322 1,440 148, 762 ^82 1,314 253, 202 39, 409 9,112 23,510 14,641 361, 808 7,230 369, 038 483 287 57,279 8,216 8, 390 2,319 87,629 87,629 484 62, 887 7,908 1,918 6. 332 1,411 89, 284 89, 284 485 128 42,601 8, 399 4,218 2,206 3,492 70, 358 33, 589 103, 947 486 64, 140 9, 181 747 2,378 81,346 3,206 84, 552 487 1,505 118, 642 11,874 12,527 3, 541 157,974 11,973 169, 947 488 380 98,616 14, 500 15, 070 3, 390 138, 326 33, 860 172, 186 489 966 178,492 27,243 13, 320 8, 222 13, 187 256,021 299 256, 320 490 82 000 12 400 1 900 3 700 113 700 800 114, 500 491 2,118 387,011 59, 891 3, 563 81,795 21,110 579, 405 579, 405 492 143, 773 18,915 2,959 15 546 7, 366 194,017 194,017 493 742 239, 118 46,616 7, 191 9. 790 20, 494 341,242 1,846 343, 088 494 992 232, 777 24, 119 9, 328 778 15, 268 291,770 291,770 495 272 93,917 10,519 4,053 3,754 | 7, 057 146, 008 146, 008 496 109.067 15.918 1.960 11.391 3. 084 154.447 154, 447 497 4 98 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff i Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11,624 10. 388 14, 399 419, 023 6, 683 76. 387 85, 395 135, 300 3,901, 112 2, 020 2, 105 4, 746 70. 452 2, 620 2.508 16,201 233, 600 2, 407 1,854 5,222 104, 104 5, 700 122, 283 16, 457 17, 987 201, 454 60, 120 275, 887 5, 206, 907 79, 133 181, 456 151, 879 83, 450 201, 454 60, 120 275, 887 5, 206, 907 79, 133 181,456 151,879 83, 450 327, 827 161, 688 591, 489 8, 561, 652 109, 089 141, 147 382, 657 178, 665 68, 542 57, 378 33, 275 79. 381 67,821 21,430 11,900 41,175 12,483 77,237 12,817 6, 076 87.410 47, 117 69, 599 192,911 159,310 35, 142 1,719, 827 1,221,015 1,021,019 1,922,173 1,874,662 802, 956 4. 796 5, 640 4,644 71,628 17,877 4, 504 26, 257 14,285 24. 583 36, 390 33, 484 6, 148 85, 693 36, 665 49,614 50, 775 132, 731 27, 179 35, 167 20,515 25, 788 39, 538 48, 859 8, 798 138, 704 117, 024 212, 307 246.040 32, 515 22, 632 93,905 62, 552 16,251 14. 502 21,912 14,319 11,676 13. 809 46,235 22, 727 35, 148 14,297 16. 986 20, 842 31, 538 70, 769 310, 873 242, 599 224, 882 194, 862 301,097 383, 047 828, 680 8,112 4, 565 3,454 5, 036 10, 657 6.999 13, 754 3, 873 11,035 16, 285 31, 302 6,413 4, 196 7,576 5, 985 5, 971 11,560 20, 851 12, 300 13, 884 28,314 6,000 17,518 39, 008 9, 000 2,037 4, 561 7, 544 10, 838 44,234 59, 145 924, 104 10, 596 22, 473 57, 366 17, 504 11,985 14, 745 33. 006 6, 424 19.715 423, 250 192, 820 308, 034 7,064 1,300 13. 682 7,491 33, 935 4, 309 19, 122 3, 532 17, 699 7, 203 28, 687 601, 031 3,989 14, 851 14, 298 11, 121 17,699 7,203 28, 687 601,031 3, 989 14, 851 14, 298 11,121 47, 943 94, 599 55, 186 974, 421 18, 390 67, 030 21, 206 15, 158 16, 804 15. 981 24. 937 38, 129 31,533 12, 345 24. 446 18, 395 316, 356 333, 258 324, 807 4, 909 7,351 6,130 24. 359 20, 328 22, 343 4,851 9, 286 7,069 87, 486 65, 415 60, 211 1, 026, 167 20, 812 58, 289 28, 413 21,996 13, 387 10, 034 30, 100 15,615 12, 400 — 215, 078 198,845 66,012 6,975 5, 362 1,062 10, 452 3,948 4, 553 3, 651 3, 797 _ _ _ table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 157 public-school systems: 1955-56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 498 499 500 501 Instruction- -Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure | accounts ] School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction ".0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 950 815 18, 339 91,067 91,862 167, 984 4. 484, 334 21,571 12. 038 38. 246 662. 336 2, 469 11,242 10,279 211,779 7, 394 5. 356 23, 109 354, 897 j 3,342 1.446 12. 496 198, 626 1 137, 467 132,332 266,513 6, 330, 995 4,015 3,172 i82, 020| 141,482 135, 504 266,513 6,513.015 5, 514 6, 044, 346 1, 295,981 502, 951 250, 816 238, 628 8, 534, 176 48, 792 8,582, 968 5,514 6, 044, 346 1, 295. 981 502, 951 250,816 238, 628 8. 534, 176| 48, 792 1 8, 582.968 502 32, 804 10, 159, 191 1, 565, 819 351, 029 1, 013,701 401,113 13, 818, 680 80, 245 13,898,925 503 13, 925 1,984,975 324. 541 117, 7471 267, 142 ' 63, 474 2,826,421 13, 424 2,839, 845 504 1,386,412 246, 508 52,317 133, 526 57.410 1, 933, 551 15,616 1.949. 167 505 1,207,730 154.655 43, 2251 104,451 86. 908 1, 630. 244 9, 029 1.639.273 506 2, 390, 652 361. 789 13, 079 236. 624 76, 708 3,158.233 18, 722 3,176, 955 507 18, 329 2, 298. 069 308, 318 92, 363 213, 358 76, 093 3,056,022 12, 404 3,068, 426 508 550 891, 353 170, 008 32, 298 58. 600 40, 520 | 1,214,209 11.050 1,225,259 509 7, 191 3, 034, 166 499, 126 193, 116 677, 768 125, 362 4, 668, 242 299, 976 4,968, 218 510 918 363, 154 54,333 13,517 75, 127 17, 956 540, 338 1 6, 423 546, 761 511 155 310, 998 51.589 19, 797 7,857 13, 343 418. 086 6, 993 425, 079 512 — 274, 393 49, 504 25, 534 64. 435 13, 185 448, 963 109, 303 558,266 513 764 250, 784 44,410 33, 223 91, 116 433.852 75. 080 508,932 514 1,891 357.873 67. 179 13. 865 91.432 18, 722 560, 747 760 561, 507 515 1,066 465, 575 65. 736 22. 808 121,878 20. 369 710, 175 1.425 711.600 516 2, 397 1,011,389 166. 375 64, 372 225, 923 41,787 1, 556, 081 99. 992 1. 656, 073 i 517 606 1, 074, 290 158, 969 87, 036 90, 374 34, 251 1, 489, 154 750 1, 489, 904 518 498,555 77,412 36,514 29,455 13, 561 673.001 500 673,501 519 404 217,639 28, 568 21,510 30, 794 9,273 319, 769 — 319, 769 520 202 358, 096 52, 989 29, 012 30, 125 11,417 496. 384 250 496, 634 521 1, 694 682, 874 107, 041 55, 849 17, 234 11, 756 892,453 9, 979 902,432 1,694 682, 874 107,041 55, 849 17, 234 11,756 892, 453 9, 979 902, 432 522 4, 394 1, 235, 226 186, 226 76,464 60, 233 27, 273 1, 633, 365 25, 675 1,659,040 523 996 383, 753 57, 550 31,827 14, 850 10,412 518, 550 17,117 535, 667 524 1,933 434, 731 66. 601 19, 149 25, 305 7,770 570, 360 — 570, 360 525 1,465 411,742 62, 075 25. 488 20, 078 9, 091 544, 455 8, 558 553, 013 526 1, 940 1, 261, 247 227, 537 76, 525 67, 580 45, 074 1, 765, 449 223, 325 1, 988, 774 527 555 273, 938 39,617 23, 153 3,708 10, 669 373, 081 2,346 375, 427 528 831 231, 541 42. 335 5. 569 7,916 10, 641 311,390 2,297 313,687 529 1 - 1 73, 757 1 22, 769 11,440 5, 474 1 2, 198 ■ 125, 672 1 72, 003 1 197,675 530 158 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff ' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NORTHEAST Continued VERMONT-Con. Group IV — Continued 531 St. Johnsbury _ 11,701 16, 625 4,983 160, 443 2, 529 21,911 4, 262 16, 654 6, 280 2,014 8,118 532 Winooski 5, 372 24. 996 10,010 17,203 92, 598 293, 191 533 Other cities (est.). 18. 690 5. 946 534 Group V 49, 543 72, 273 63, 823 665, 915 7, 517 39, 465 11, 692 535 Bellows Falls 13. 870 19, 175 14,450 163, 684 2, 150 12, 572 3, 584 1,469 1,962 4,677 536 Essex Junction 7, 394 3. 835 8, 688 100, 122 4, 526 6 581 537 Windsor 8, 462 20, 354 28, 909 15. 156 135, 743 266, 366 2, 360 3, 007 538 Other cities (est.). 19,817 25. 529 15, 786 NORTH CENTRAL 1 Group 1 (cities 14,411, 893 5, 114, 123 21, 909, 867 345, 533,230 4, 233, 379 12, 458, 166 10, 288, 086 4, 382, 711 of 100,000 population or more). 2 Group II (cit¬ 9, 813, 925 4, 423, 221 12,759, 745 204, 599, 663 3,398,440 5,450, 669 7, 861, 342 2, 634, 881 3 ies of 25,000 to 99,999 population). Group III (cit¬ 7, 912, 507 2, 710,854 8,135,486 137,424,647 2, 018, 957 2,536,120 5, 845, 531 1, 760, 322 ies of 10,000 to 24,999 population). 4 Group IV cit¬ 7, 614, 249 1, 177, 806 7,448,692 112, 167, 884 1, 382, 023 2, 103, 390 5, 720, 118 1, 795, 792 ies of 5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation). 5 Group V cities 7,057,705 575, 054 6, 035, 172 88, 115, 026 548, 568 1, 100, 796 4, 343, 308 1, 323, 642 of 2,500 to 4,999 popu¬ lation). ILLINOIS 6 Group 1 . _ 4, 483, 763 913, 089 3, 749, 378 89, 081, 865 175, 000 4, 070, 735 2, 799, 137 1, 489, 796 7 Chicago ' _ 4, 348, 283 867,410 3,563,418 85,604,718 3, 972, 846 2, 575, 799 1,489,796 8 Peoria _ 135,480 45, 679 185, 960 3.477,147 175,060 97, 889 223, 338 _ 9 Group II 2, 620, 704 972, 240 2,453,446 40,882,686 985, 021 1, 072, 955 1, 611, 515 378, 225 10 Alton.. _ _ 101,932 132, 000 1,467,000 92, 000 58, 873 80, 513 Aurora: 11 East Side Dis¬ 29,118 15, 953 62, 932 996, 901 35, 531 35, 055 39, 592 5, 020 trict. 12 West Side Dis¬ 50, 662 66, 590 884, 289 20, 301 33, 473 37, 199 trict. Belleville: 13 Elementary Dis¬ trict. 51,205 30, 946 548, 899 16, 257 1,800 9,173 3, 730 14 High School Dis¬ trict.? 55, 528 24, 000 7,000 430, 957 9, 900 19,479 14, 849 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS.' CITIES 159 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including | transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 212,771 39, 345 12,276 26, 347 4, 865 307, 305 82, 759 390, 064 531 108, 884 18,459 2,222 4, 827 3, 823 143, 587 113 143, 700 532 554 360, 356 65,011 21,865 19, 308 12. 878 504,414 63, 807 568, 221 533 1, 808 862, 493 144, 580 51, 433 44, 997 15, 242 1, 168, 288 5,196 1,173,484; 534 668 216, 283 34. 800 5,238 16, 458 3,612 290, 261 966 _ 291,227 535 118, 640 20, 374 3, 993 893 3,554 154, 848 238 155, 086 536 417 182, 573 31,574 21,629 9, 647 1,979 255, 864 1,914 257,778 537 723 344, 997 57, 832 20, 573 17, 999 6, 097 467,315 2,078 469, 393 538 2. 381, 371 406, 300, 933 65, 792, 381 28, 773, 305 19, 039, 203 29, 528, 401 563, 846, 116 18, 923, 202 582, 769, 318 1 1,935, 380 243, 063, 341 39, 862, 886 16, 964, 279 18,489,057 7, 431, 269 335, 624, 757 4, 868, 215 340, 492, 972 2 1, 258, 176 161, 690, 093 27, 421, 518 8, 319, 109 12, 787, 948 4, 674, 214 222, 805, 389 1, 334, 359 K> IO M to 00 3 1.183,938 132, 979, 643 21, 890, 094 6, 451, 533 15, 731, 937 3, 888, 258 188, 555, 714 1, 684, 977 190, 240, 691 4 1.012,439 103, 054, 005 16, 066,435 6, 022, 024 15, 506, 546 3, 170, 237 150, 876, 952 1, 455, 812 152, 332, 764 5 832, 594 103, 111, 594 18, 142, 252 6, 309, 836 2, 634, 314 10, 028, 312 144, 710, 071 4, 313, 976 149, 024, 047 6 811,859 98. 885, 846 17,665, 283 5, 786, 374 2, 245, 863 9, 891, 580 138, 823, 229 4, 276, 767 143, 099, 996 7 20, 735 4,225, 748 476, 969 523. 462 388, 451 136, 732 5, 886, 842 37, 209 5, 924, 051 8 410, 724 48, 766, 812 8, 081, 500 3,381,859 4,145, 538 1, 185, 141 68, 181,554 487, 929 68. 669, 483 9 74, 863 1, 905, 249 286, 434 90, 653 439, 074 36, 036 2, 859, 378 2, 859, 378 10 1,948 1, 192, 932 180, 649 25,315 62, 601 38, 064 1,528, 679 4, 330 1, 533, 009 11 10, 397 1, 052, 249 178, 496 84, 971 28, 944 34, 847 1, 430, 169 5, 769 1, 435, 938 12 398 ! 611,203 103, 831 52, 058 14, 754 17, 324 850, 375 266 850, 641 13 3, 06C 1 509, 245 i 97, 663 42, 281 74, 006 24, 459 803, 182 48, 108 851,290 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration 43, 336 17, 764 48, 553 49,431 56, 258 143, 779 70, 449 101,743 178,427 26,961 111,522 92, 454 70, 245 68, 435 74, 453 115, 937 48, 382 76, 009 80, 028 114,408 148,314 91,119 38, 722 123, 193 58, 522 171,524 44, 503 67, 788 Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors 2, 572, 832 34, 379 41,282 5, 500 29, 496 68, 148 58,013 72, 000 41,400 77, 536 144, 529 33,118 26, 500 19, 060 25, 983 62, 496 60, 300 68, 516 34, 695 35, 537 13,600 40, 860 15, 000 Prin¬ cipals 22, 400 42, 000 72, 000 117,000 68, 120 14, 234 69, 483 178, 605 100, 800 138, 253 116, 925 7, 000 31,487 84, 000 106, 258 21,000 52, 110 53, 970 20, 000 110,007 70, 000 11,100 80, 924 199, 195 94, 087 184, 140 79, 630 9, 250 Class¬ room teachers 445,186 1,972,780 30, 048 40, 563 39, 200 Other nonsu- pervisory staff ' 6 324,115 488, 248 1,110, 886 1,319, 366 990, 779 1,171,500 1,352, 081 2, 473, 532 2, 534, 376 1,629, 025 1,459,317 709, 785 1,177,214 1,449,831 1, 224, 268 1,006,159 885, 828 626, 095 1,013, 554 1,475, 439 1,247,155 765, 581 1,048,102 3, 083, 226 1,385,430 2, 958, 529 1, 057, 721 587, 498 31, 672, 926 281, 597 493, 931 28, 163 Clerks 46, 897 61,245 21,000 388,516 41, 534 32, 032 31,498 4, 053 17, 152 21,184 14,625 9, 991 79, 560 4, 832 8, 750 5, 821 74, 088 2, 145 38, 867 57, 600 37, 200 58, 776 15,000 56, 894 26, 400 34, 168 22, 431 26, 235 79, 922 62, 121 36, 256 133, 544 54, 590 141,269 9, 167 31,690 6,600 Supplies and other expenses 8,617 6,491 43, 033 65, 858 36, 757 61,214 68, 160 109, 590 84, 567 98, 520 41,623 47, 678 29, 556 36, 799 19, 631 67, 274 30, 740 22, 270 26. 392 45, 002 27, 284 28. 889 70, 230 98, 744 45,811 96, 496 35. 889 77, 074 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 1, 535,768 4,591 31,201 7,645 8. 692 47,517 19, 532 20,674 1,000 22, 757 240 25, 000 1,295 21,796 29, 948 2, 980 23, 082 56,407 7,749 65, 566 7, 595 174, 566 853 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 161 public-school systems: 1955—56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost 1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2, 901 365, 678 78, 186 17, 897 9,611 11,442 526, 150 1,731 527, 881 15 3,216 554, 147 80, 652 24, 183 12, 362 8, 287 697, 395 2,822 700, 217 16 7,084 1, 233, 003 167, 664 72, 089 160, 277 36, 200 1,717, 786 1,717, 786 17 8,132 1, 557, 873 255, 573 48, 662 182, 596 55, 280 2, 149.415 301 2, 149, 716 18 4, 590 1, 179, 582 184, 307 102, 018 42, 925 24, 741 1, 589, 831 1, 589, 831 19 6, 556 1, 274, 178 175, 066 144, 503 326, 092 41,220 2, 104, 838 8, 372 2,113,210 20 5, 904 1, 650, 540 263, 198 83, 292 43, 405 47, 506 2,158,390 4, 591 2, 162, 981 21 12, 064 2, 889, 404 371,181 184, 201 296, 459 96, 148 3, 939, 136 20, 699 3, 959, 835 22 26, 933 2, 939, 878 607, 076 281, 586 276, 168 4,283, 135 150, 108 4, 433, 243 23 14, 537 2,001,751 285,314 122, 676 121,620 49, 871 2, 608, 193 66, 318 2, 674,511 24 7,600 2,131,517 308, 238 242, 798 119, 448 51,440 2, 964, 963 24, 046 2, 989, 009 25 36, 827 1, 044, 247 163, 403 73, 920 18, 133 50, 923 1, 443, 080 1, 443, 080 26 35, 937 1,333, 921 235, 009 66,716 93,111 44, 332 1,843, 334 1, 843, 334 27 13, 921 1.606, 347 254, 037 92, 314 420, 618 55, 109 2, 496, 860 2, 496, 860 28 1,413, 223 276, 623 26, 800 68, 350 50, 111 1, 909, 560 2, 030 1,911,590 29 14, 745 1,201,344 266, 380 108, 704 149, 709 55. 200 1, 897, 274 1, 897, 274 30 9, 008 1,026,210 215, 664 105, 494 103, 856 39, 461 1, 539, 067 1, 539, 067 31 4,148 798, 935 139, 346 16, 906 46, 089 22, 437 1, 099, 722 1, 099, 722 32 7,068 1, 168, 120 264, 413 47, 325 48, 131 43, 306 1,651,323 1, 651, 323 33 20, 860 1, 832, 332 297, 007 178, 336 284, 608 58, 453 2, 765, 144 2, 765, 144 34 9, 350 1,421,838 241,378 49, 849 63,310 43,413 1, 968, 102 564 1, 968, 666 35 4, 342 893, 053 242, 962 40, 844 32, 895 4,357 1, 305, 230 10, 590 1,315, 820 36 7,661 1.287,859 168, 072 123,412 8, 888 34, 993 1,661,946 1,661,946 37 23, 676 3,719, 048 757, 501 340, 699 98, 125 25, 584 5. 064, 150 89, 293 5,153, 443 38 11,381 1,604,899 215,131 104, 575 22, 087 35, 439 2, 040, 653 24, 345 2, 064, 998 39 10, 467 3, 439, 356 412, 329 184, 020 303, 624 4,510, 853 6, 053 4, 516, 906 40 8, 000 1, 210, 239 174,541 109, 893 29, 557 22, 674 1, 591, 407 17, 593 1, 609, 000 41 3,150 717,412 134, 176 92, 869 144, 105 26, 484 1,182, 834 1, 182, 834 42 250, 529 37, 360, 746 6, 984, 522 1, 884, 276 3, 892, 037 1, 132, 653 53, 827, 066 195, 561 54, 022, 627 43 1,219 363, 839 71,822 28, 364 24, 177 15, 271 537, 852 871 538, 723 44 | 6, 203 652, 076 157,840 32, 625 137, 603 20, 421 1,041,847 1,591 1, 043, 438 45 162 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction 50 City by region, State, and group 58 62 NORTH CEN¬ TRAL— Con. ILLINOIS — Con. Group III — Continued Calumet City: Elementary Dis¬ trict No. 155. Elementary Dis¬ trict No. 156. High school Dis¬ trict. Chicago Heights: Elementary Dis¬ trict. High school Dis¬ trict. Des Plaines: Elementary Dis¬ trict. High school Dis¬ trict. Downers Grove: Elementary Dis¬ trict. High school Dis¬ trict. East Moline: Elementary Dis¬ trict. High school Dis¬ trict. Elmhurst: Elementary Dis¬ trict. High school Dis¬ trict. Forest Park 5 _ Freeport _ Harrisburg: Elementary Dis¬ trict. High school Dis¬ trict. Highland Park: Elementary Dis¬ trict No. 107. Elementary Dis¬ trict No. 108. High school Dis¬ trict No. 113. Jacksonville _ Kewanee _ Macomb _ Mattoon _ Monmouth _ Mount Vernon: Elementary Dis¬ trict. High school Dis¬ trict. Park Ridge s _ River Forest 5 _ Adminis¬ tration 12,850 12, 836 22, 424 37, 480 58, 225 36. 644 73, 235 22, 935 24, 892 21,074 25, 005 62, 398 109, 954 13, 939 41,040 22,313 9, 349 39, 922 36, 340 36, 193 39, 183 20. 644 13, 330 24, 720 15,139 16, 856 27. 645 67, 592 33,616 Super¬ visors 22, 347 7, 100 16, 500 12, 000 12, 342 6,500 17,400 17,593 12,950 Salaries and wages ,600 11,875 12, 000 5,258 Prin¬ cipals 6,100 38, 681 36. 600 39. 600 49. 600 6, 500 25, 500 7, 091 56, 869 29, 000 13, 400 44, 128 5, 700 Class¬ room teachers 30, 000 6,000 56, 384 32, 955 49, 500 54, 000 26, 762 36, 800 6,000 59, 109 31,553 100, 435 102, 892 293, 949 519,113 535, 580 596, 309 606, 500 521,240 341,364 330, 208 257, 727,861 682, 183 202, 853 842, 758 235, 228 129, 666 210, 268 458,218 465, 472 629, 341 431,721 294, 549 725,331 343, 373 403, 833 249, 920 807, 396 318, 080 Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 20, 097 28, 800 18, 000 5,416 14, 100 30, 251 9, 606 1,570 5,600 5, 800 18, 962 22, 000 4,000 21,253 12, 417| Clerks Supplies and other expenses 2, 4. 500 8,131 16, 584 6. 500 20. 000 11,600 4,134 11,400 10, 000 23, 427 2, 700 13, 200 2, 10, 000 14,096 2, 400 18, 250 15, 8221 1,975 3, 064 14. 245 19,518 42, 051 43, 083 37, 753 25, 801 16, 305 16,319 16. 245 13, 097 9, 045 6,386 27, 702 3,042 10, 671 5, 787 12, 404 44, 996 26, 864 25, 905 24, 544 35, 397 14,865 2,917 39, 814 41,708 21,855 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 8, 3, 299 4, 996 5, 500 2,017 718 6, 291 3,424 1,499 8, 378 778 711 17, 073 1,170 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 163 public-school systems: 1955— 56— Continued Instruction School library supplies and other expenses Current —Continued Total for instruction xpenditures Operation of the school plant n full-time d Mainte¬ nance of the school plant jy schools— C Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 ontinued Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 269 110, 787 15, 569 2, 906 2, 600 2, 321 147, 033 608 147, 641 779 112,834 17,315 6,409 3,613 1,641 154,648 154,648 5,418 346, 559 60,510 27, 360 40, 987 11,992 509, 832 509, 832 1,345 613, 985 110, 016 6, 902 19, 051 1,966 789, 400 1,567 790, 967 4, 342 627, 357 163, 556 40, 917 77, 072 967, 127 5, 446 972, 573 2, 581 703, 073 120, 731 86, 308 21,984 20,819 989, 559 2,063 991,622 3, 980 707, 833 192, 556 27, 597 35, 456 22, 182 1, 058, 859 682 1, 059, 541 6, 084 619, 225 87,257 40, 761 48, 291 18, 682 837, 151 837, 151 3,458 391,227 56, 693 19, 139 39, 229 12, 790 543, 970 200 544, 170 3, 332 397, 251 78, 555 17, 127 82. 445 14, 595 611,047 3, 724 614,771 1,548 313, 260 57, 571 9, 315 55, 194 24, 967 485, 312 485,312 3, 895 807, 222 135, 794 43, 944 28, 081 23, 048 1, 100, 487 1,968 1, 102, 455 4, 586 773, 582 168, 529 15, 743 99, 802 19, 656 1,187, 266 25,210 1,212, 476 348 241, 105 33, 269 12, 000 29, 777 3, 435 333, 525 3, 604 337, 129 8,411 979, 916 207, 603 82, 835 26, 187 28, 046 1,365, 627 1, 365, 627 3, 125 261,615 33, 687 16, 877 17,415 9, 144 361, 051 361,051 840 144, 601 24, 543 18. 326 64, 646 7,488 268, 953 268, 953 1, 535 224, 689 48, 730 17, 003 17, 799 348, 143 348, 143 5, 763 517,463 94, 999 18, 235 42, 938 14,211 724, 186 193 724, 379 5, 190 527, 458 226, 152 13, 846 35, 233 28, 063 866, 945 1,684 868, 629 5, 185 750,714 105, 773 37, 582 188, 525 31,021 1,152,798 1, 152, 798 2,279 504, 260 72, 193 12,491 74, 086 15,883 699, 557 9,110 708, 667 3, 956 373, 260 59, 501 11,018 89, 088 10, 056 556, 253 1,644 557, 897 6, 529 i 870, 330 98, 331 37, 207 127,422 27,981 1, 185, 991 8,015 1, 194, 006 3, 623 l 415,764 61,043 20, 693 12,830 i 14, 039 539, 508 9, 001 548, 509 592 444, 142 54,613 14, 496 107, 091 14, 845 652, 043 652, 043 1, 81C 1 315,944 46, 117 8, 624 54, 859 1 12, 575 465, 764 465, 764 1,681 ’ 954,661 165, 179 1 34, 737 26, 408 1 22, 027 1, 270, 604 1, 270, 604 4, llj 1 403, 845 i 73, 366 i 23, 236 i 11, 63C 1 11,075 i 556, 768 2, 486 559, 254 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 164 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city- 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Text¬ Adminis- tration 1 Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory staff 1 pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NORTH CEN- TRAL— Con. ILLINOIS— Con. Group III — Continued Wilmette5 59, 142 1,460, 256 25, 499 1,119, 686 557, 351 17, 976, 526 50, 600 457, 250 12, 725 285, 691 24, 966 871,652 10, 673 99, 078 Other cities (es- 252, 673 timated). Group IV _ 2, 152, 423 306, 190 1, 951, 434 29, 455, 597 570, 869 633, 091 1, 569, 445 365, 891 Batavia _ _ 21,039 24, 670 12, 391 4, 934 7, 000 26, 400 43, 275 292, 986 451,565 133, 655 7, 344 3, 000 8, 408 11,910 20, 545 4,708 9, 843 9, 290 Bradley: Elementary Dis¬ trict. 6, 844 7, 800 High school Dis¬ trict. 7, 693 95,618 4,600 Carmi: Elementary Dis¬ trict. 7, 468 4, 300 144, 074 6, 801 10, 120 8, 000 High school Dis¬ trict. 29, 749 116, 387 Charleston 13, 750 12, 803 18,897 56, 906 16, 036 5,900 36,812 11,200 19, 900 22, 650 15, 300 345, 608 160, 985 352, 002 292, 580 258, 198 21,390 11,420 5, 500 4,300 4, 928 39, 161 3, 622 1,475 27,773 4,545 7, 848 219 Chester Clinton __ 4,575 3,863 20, 850 1,028 Dolton 5 East Alton 5 _ . 6,792 Franklin Park: Elementary Dis¬ trict. 24,312 15, 900 292, 018 11,554 10, 627 12, 790 37, 061 43,715 High school Dis¬ trict. 49, 945 500, 585 93, 052 10,672 Glencoe 5 . 23, 591 24, 000 22, 000 312, 749 17, 500 26, 301 27, 484 9,181 Glen Ellyn: Elementary District. 34, 407 36,154 456, 655 4,228 6, 925 26, 139 687 High school District. 23, 049 7,000 461,623 2, 000 21, 592 Homewood 17, 720 22, 670 19,713 19, 895 17,701 34, 963 12, 250 37, 200 33,214 15, 000 200, 088 266, 225 373, 318 252, 429 437, 583 500, 556 22, 384 7, 720 1,869 12, 627 12,819 17, 839 16, 444 22, 900 Litchfield _ 18, 000 10, 327 2, 764 2 Madison . _ 18, 589 Mendota Mount Carmel _ 31,200 40, 000 799 Normal _ 6, 200 13, 099 North Chicago: Elementary Dis¬ trict No. 63. 1,434 12,110 5, 454 86, 464 490 5, 283 6, 000 10, 000 Elementary Dis¬ trict No. 64. 16, 195 34, 231 419, 861 3, 013 26, 901 Paris . 15, 533 12, 890 11,500 10, 200 325, 327 117,908 3, 250 3, 500 3,563 7,318 4,785 15, 446 3, 431 Peru 5 _ Pontiac: Elementary District. 4, 462 18, 000 169, 434 4,911 35 High school 13, 439 6, 500 121,491 1,808 53 District. Savanna: Elementary District. 125 2, 934 7, 674 9, 000 134, 701 3, 109 High school 10, 320 i 5, 699 76, 563 6. 567 District. South Holland 5_ _ . 2, 141 6, 200 i 9, 555 i 111,754 1,067 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 165 public-school systems: 1955—56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 ; Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts j Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost 1 Total ' current ex¬ penditure | for all i accounts 1 School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction ,0 11 12 13 14 15 .6 j 17 18 4, 307 42, 192 686, 121 21,204, 748 120, 921 3, 964, 188 30, 199 1,069, 454 41,524 2, 208, 994 29, 556 642, 857 967, 463 30, 550, 497 4, 900 110, 994 972, 363 30, 661,491 386, 003 35, 238, 520 5, 973, 368 1, 411, 545 5, 440, 169 1, 091, 021 51, 307, 046 138, 713 51,445,759 3,255 365, 080 62,041 13, 575 38, 736 10, 892 511,363 511,363 8, 750 543, 425 79, 640 3,950 47,450 699, 135 699, 135 1,982 147, 189 24, 603 4, 976 26, 153 5, 760 221,072 221,072 795 108, 813 30, 517 5, 996 20, 596 35, 024 208, 639 208, 639 1,286 156,461 28, 175 3, 378 15, 600 4, 205 215, 287 215, 287 688 135, 195 22, 758 7, 601 26, 177 221, 480 221,480 5,365 473, 504 83, 060 29, 650 133, 225 25, 832 759, 021 759, 021 1,248 182, 774 27, 931 17, 783 83. 290 5,470 330, 051 2,617 332, 668 8, 782 395, 925 72, 243 27, 398 76, 328 22, 551 613, 342 613, 342 6, 738 375, 519 70, 329 26, 893 26. 446 3,711 559, 804 559. 804 1,451 286, 286 60, 799 306 59, 873 4, 654 427, 954 427, 954 9, 469 339, 568 65, 034 12, 698 29, 868 19, 470 490, 950 3,033 493, 983 4, 587 702, 462 144,634 7, 675 177, 857 22, 789 1, 105, 362 19, 757 1, 125,119 3, 132 442, 347 70, 830 15, 676 12,617 10, 055 575, 116 8, 116 583, 232 6,088 536, 189 76, 492 21, 492 38,710 4, 808 712, 098 1,325 713, 423 3, 673 496, 575 65, 775 14, 027 50, 502 12, 057 661, 985 507 662, 492 1,333 245, 644 40, 690 10, 597 23, 454 2,611 340, 716 304 341, 020 3, 287 347, 666 56,060 17,485 76, 201 12, 487 532, 569 532, 569 1,758 442, 462 77, 855 18, 069 93, 939 16, 409 668, 447 668, 447 3, 845 289,115 44, 502 12,410 117,826 17,397 501, 145 501, 145 3, 949 489, 975 78,610 21,401 90, 689 18, 285 716,661 716,661 3, 797 586, 552 117, 144 31,407 77, 142 25, 807 873,015 6, 109 879, 124 1, 744 100, 869 18, 555 4,637 4, 448 2, 654 143, 273 143, 273 4, 969 504, 975 82, 896 21,337 59, 700 685, 103 685, 103 3,518 369, 922 66, 231 3, 359 3, 397 7, 249 465, 691 465, 691 1,144 140, 968 25,376 9, 296 9, 238 5,418 203, 186 19 203, 205 1,699 194, 079 28, 503 12,467 11,696 3,413 254, 620 83 254, 703 2, 348 132, 200 18, 564 12, 005 39, 035 6,173 221,416 221,416 1,791 151, 660 21,697 2, 500 15, 302 198, 833 198, 833 367 89, 196 15, 921 10, 896 12,310 138, 643 2,158 140, 801 687 129, 263 17, 400 5, 660 8,615 3,514 166, 593 166, 593 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 166 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 City by region, State, and group NORTH CEN¬ TRAL— Con. ILLINOIS— Con. Group IV — Continued Sycamore 8 _ Taylorville _ Zion : Elementary District. High school District. Other cities (es¬ timated). Group V Bensonville: Elementary District. 8 High school District. Brooklyn (P.0. Lovejoy). Bushnell _ Carlyle _ Casey _ Galena... . Galva _ Geneseo _ Georgetown : Elementary District. High school District. Harvard _ Highland _ Highwood 5 _ Hillsboro _ Johnston City _ Marengo : Elementary District. High school District. Marseilles _ Niles 5 _ Oglesby 8 _ Oregon: Elementary District No. 88 High school District. Pinckneyville: Elementary District. High school District. Pittsfield _ River Grove 8_ . Adminis¬ tration 13, 874 31,246 16, 881 18, 729 1, 467, 561 1. 657, 592 9,816 21,858 12, 600 11.559 16, 573 12,898 14,828 15. 831 17, 666 4, 564 4, 526 11,997 21,505 15, 167 32,627 7, 000 5, 557 15, 750 12, 105 7, 307 6, 576 9, 044 8,713 1,347 7, 065 20, 908 10, 500 Salaries and wages Super¬ visors 8, 025 208, 766 121, 347 5,250 500 6,600 4. 700 Prin¬ cipals 27, 500 17, 060 23, 157 5, 500 1, 330, 523 1, 471, 179 10, 655 7, 700 5, 200 16, 500 17. 700 16, 500 5, 000 5,730 21,455 5, 300 11,400 8, 500 5, 500 6,900 20. 000 7,350 27, 000 6, 500 10, 600 5, 500 6, 500 5, 500 5, 800 60, 500 Class¬ room teachers 279, 449 397, 193 237, 395 197, 209 20, 083, 361 19, 085, 077 136, 829 143, 651 83, 192 205, 191 120, 650 182, 046 99,615 164,731 286, 491 93, 853 59, 320 248, 683 196, 505 162,443 378, 426 179, 477 87, 762 90, 500 158, 107 79, 335 92, 257 86, 955 65, 801 47, 748 91,345 291,339 115, 000 Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 10, 950 389, 229 2,000 5,169 1,553 5, 238 4, 500 ,400 Clerks 8, 180 10, 872 5, 000 431,653 208, 186 4, 000 2,000 1,900 10, 400 2,177 2, 500 3. 200 3. 269 3, 000 Supplies and other expenses 16, 026 18, 905 5,511 7,719 1,070, 076 794, 875 3,133 10, 366 7, 309 6, 669 4, 168 2,515 3, 165 11,407 2, 000 1,032 6,055 12,431 6,058 22,715 5, 093 2,119 9, 335 7,931 4,085 2,212 1,791 1,923 4,227 12, 344 4, 500 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 10, 578 4,876 249, 471 167, 204 1,228 935 149 3,193 2, 591 653 7, 336 3,767 150 2,717 2,624 2,605 3, 334 4,000 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 167 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 18 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses 10 —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 8,942 342, 495 49, 864 8,015 80, 838 15,659 510, 745 108 510, 853 109 2, 860 463, 173 75, 207 12,613 87, 362 10, 392 679, 993 679, 993 110 687 282, 498 37, 834 592 12,417 4, 340 354, 562 354, 562 111 6, 805 222, 233 42, 847 21,308 43, 926 8, 057 357, 100 357, 100 112 263, 184 24, 026, 263 4, 072, 751 962,417 3, 709, 206 743, 878 34, 982, 076 94, 577 35, 076, 653 113 245, 861 22, 231, 448 3, 702, 349 1, 529, 354 4, 750, 249 889, 123 34, 760, 115 81,434 34, 841, 549 114 1,423 152, 040 23,106 7,110 24, 303 4, 806 221,181 221,181 115 1,993 167,710 38,623 1,068 27, 483 256, 742 256, 742 116 291 99,711 25, 482 4, 375 22, 584 5, 300 170, 052 170, 052 117 3, 667 233, 602 36, 785 12, 490 87, 120 5, 935 387,491 387, 491 118 2, 016 147, 035 25, 126 2,599 47, 895 239, 228 109 239, 337 119 2, 333 205, 047 29, 806 29, 382 62, 116 8, 367 347,616 347,616 120 618 107,897 18, 955 1,707 24, 009 5, 343 172,739 725 173,464 121 1,128 185, 197 37, 947 3, 874 68, 897 10, 804 322, 550 322, 550 122 2,135 326, 657 53, 059 31,535 159, 033 587, 950 587, 950 123 1,325 99, 769 14, 885 8,516 9, 024 2, 682 139, 440 139, 440 124 716 67, 021 11,977 5, 803 8, 522 1,967 99, 816 99,816 125 8,093 283, 467 42, 239 10, 609 93,117 6, 230 447, 659 447, 659 126 1,339 228, 828 36, 490 20, 737 65, 992 4,687 378, 239 147 378, 386 127 1, 191 178, 959 27, 646 6,585 15,781 5, 395 249, 533 249, 533 128 6, 239 436,518 84, 799 116,874 87, 873 19, 299 777, 990 9,084 787, 074 129 2,079 218, 026 40, 538 6, 435 20, 633 5,777 298, 409 2,398 300, 807 130 1,084 99, 278 17,467 3, 789 7, 333 686 134,110 134,110 131 700 115, 485 17, 425 1,125 50, 490 200, 275 200, 275 132 2, 048 195, 086 35, 570 7, 124 14, 674 8, 605 273, 164 273, 164 133 893 90, 963 24, 433 930 12,036 1,911 137, 580 240 137, 820 134 807 108, 593 16, 188 6, 626 9, 609 3,194 150, 786 150, 786 135 571 97, 441 12, 009 3, 657 23, 637 4, 642 150, 430 150, 430 136 669 80, 120 14, 525 3, 747 15, 702 779 123, 586 123, 586 137 1,646 59, 422 7, 237 3, 161 9, 785 2,159 83,111 83,111 138 609 101,981 18, 784 13, 541 48, 659 5, 259 195, 289 195, 289 139 3, 289 370, 806 63, 780 43, 177 110, 796 16, 568 626, 035 680 626,715 140 3,000 129, 500 13.000 8. 000 18. 500 179. 500 179. 500 141 509375 0-59-12 168 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Adminis- Salaries and wages Text¬ tration Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff ■ Clerks Supplies and other expenses books (Free to all pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 142 NORTH CEN¬ TRAL— Con. ILLINOIS — Con. Group V — Continued Spring Valley: Elementary District. 9, 043 6, 791 17, 863 11,438 41,243 12, 436 6, 850 8,007 4, 750 6, 850 9,615 9, 747 11,110 1,431 7, 794 1, 156, 737 8,000 6, 000 10, 500 5, 146 6, 500 11,193 10, 900 20, 000 4, 500 6, 000 16, 500 8,500 16, 500 10, 000 5,000 1, 026, 650 65,319 4,886 143 105, 246 119, 445 164, 421 104, 864 234. 130 192,679 151,854 121. 130 74, 698 159, 877 89, 492 149, 721 54, 010 32, 576 13, 318, 363 1,800 2, 500 2, 400 4, 472 6, 884 3,518 144 district. 256 145 Steger 5 4, 500 324 146 Stickney * 7,282 6, 048 7,119 5, 927 3, 236 7. 150 3, 974 4, 086 6, 070 1.150 2,112 554, 697 2, 953 147 5,816 5, 303 6, 397 6, 000 4,600 148 149 150 Watseka: Elementary District. High school 3, 960 151 2, 762 152 District. West Chicago: Elementary District. High school 457 153 8, 950 2, 000 154 District. Whitehall 4, 032 2, 598 647 155 Zeigler: Elementary District. High school 2, 000 156 157 District. Other cities (esti¬ mated). 84, 681 96, 106 145, 281 116, 682 INDIANA 158 Group 1 _ 903, 059 681, 515 1, 791, 003 29, 511, 752 203, 643 875, 381 974, 844 159 Evansville 105, 501 69, 835 192, 321 412, 926 122, 476 112,814 82, 080 96, 214 275, 244 115, 163 240, 803 230, 067 233, 197 906, 989 179, 947 3, 977, 599 3, 820, 178 4, 884, 239 13, 188, 303 3,641,433 19, 107 106, 310 136, 753 265, 171 299, 600 67, 547 62, 724 81,037 332, 622 429,813 68, 648 160 Fort Wayne _ 161 Gary ... 184, 536 162 163 Indianapolis _ South Bend _ 164 Group II _ 788, 687 481, 938 1, 283, 093 21, 761, 604 124, 810 379, 208 585, 445 31, 356 165 Anderson _____ 71,982 33, 729 88, 482 65, 167 130, 826 46, 536 36, 144 45, 207 28,821 37, 339 58, 507 39, 230 51, 324 55, 393 27, 770 13, 990 71,011 55, 360 33, 167 39, 042 23, 360 22, 080 18, 792 27, 050 44, 590 39, 335 38, 850 27, 541 90, 459 42 835 1,637,039 1,039,115 1,969,251 1, 585, 985 3. 649, 240 1 574,858 1,082,518 977, 638 891,044 1,038, 706 2, 228,615 773, 554 1,296,261 2,017,780 41,066 6,457 16, 563 37, 706 90, 482 22, 049 17, 137 14, 890 8,018 26, 537 33, 962 14, 778 18, 872 30, 691 91,723 17, 330 166 Bloomington _ 12, 500 13, 138 5, 083 22,717 37, 645 72. 114 167 East Chicago 107, 190 107, 137 154, 895 102, 180 94, 312 74, 109 50, 645 69, 352 132, 489 51,063 89, 486 116, 941 168 Elkhart 169 Hammond _ 75, 247 23, 347 37. 058 29, 143 25, 487 34, 501 58, 084 22, 326 30, 252 25, 801 170 Kokomo _ 5, 036 9, 498 171 Lafayette _ 172 Marion _ 13, 775 173 Michigan City _ 24,610 10,412 174 175 Mishawaka _ Muncie _ _ 251 176 New Albany _ 23, 625 177 Richmond., ___ 178 Terre Haute _ 20, 908 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 169 public-school systems: 1955— 56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued | Amount of cur- Total Other Total for 6 | rent ex¬ 1 current ex- Operation Mainte- school major cur¬ penditure i penditure School of the nance of services Fixed rent ex¬ not allo¬ for all library Total for school the school (including charges penditure cable to accounts 1 supplies instruction plant plant transpor- accounts ' pupil cost1 and other tation) 2 expenses 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 332 78, 537 10, 305 8, 923 5, 908 677 113, 393 195 113, 588 142 376 117, 894 23, 630 7, 437 19, 078 7, 397 182, 227 182, 227 143 1,655 141,240 26, 851 1,247 24,712 211,913 ___ . . 211,913 144 2,1981 182; 507 24; 029 2, 972 16, 703 12, 722 250, 371 1 . . 250, 371 145 670 122, 269 34, 444 5. 351 10, 182 8,555 222, 044 290 222, 334 146 6,343 275, 230 26, 829 11,465 43, 197 5,132 374, 289 | . . 374,289 147 3,039 219, 737 28, 953 7,662 27, 840 697 291, 739 9, 253 300, 992 148 1,000 183, 381 28, 988 3, 142 14, 001 4,134 241,653 180 241,833 149 3, 556 136, 382 19, 502 14, 839 7,486 4,456 187,415 187,415 150 750 91,360 13, 899 3,804 31,506 3, 680 151,099 1,305 152, 404 151 1,025 181, 833 3,988 4,176 26, 266 9, 485 262, 363 262, 363 152 113,028 23, 885 5,831 16, 379 71, 583 240, 453 240, 453 153 1,058 177, 381 24, 627 14, 326 25, 620 5, 963 259, 027 259, 027 154 208 69, 966 8, 264 2, 495 15,067 2, 103 99, 326 99, 326 155 177 40,512 5, 620 3, 861 5, 779 1,677 65, 243 65, 243 156 171,572 15, 514, 032 2, 583, 654 1,067,247 3, 314, 922 620, 467 24, 257, 059 56, 828 24, 313, 887 157 38,440 34, 076, 578 5, 001, 647 1,886, 8771 2, 605, 317 512, 705 44, 986, 183 1,852,025 46,838, 208 158 25, 857 4,545,214 496,683j 236, 593 160, 507 122, 022 5,666,520 98. 542 5, 765, 062 159 4, 350,115 609, 663 300, 882 28, 500 118,638 5, 477, 633 103,514' 5, 581,147 160 5, 995, 979 997, 959: 407, 292 232, 398 155, 508 7. 981,457 251,479' 8. 232, 936 161 15, 099 949 2 203,6501 528 609 1 775 709 20 020 843 1 273 537 ?1 ?94 380 162 12, 583 4, 085, 321 693, 692 , 413, 501 ’ 408, 203 116, 537 5, 839, 730: 124, 953 IS > C£> PirT 163 112, 599 24, 760, 053 3, 602, 814 1, 413,352 563, 782 946, 046 32, 074, 734 523, 238 32, 597, 972 164 6,187 1,911,574 220, 059 84, 254 12, 601 45,604 2, 346, 074 13, 648 2, 359, 7221 165 6. 864 1,144,478 145, 922 86, 717 95, 287 33, 387 1, 539, 520 33, 157 1,572,677 166 8,061 2, 222, 859 385,712 170, 574 58. 539 54, 285 2, 980, 451 74, 832 3,055,283 167 5, 971 1,869,356 255, 092 139, 342 57, 845 29, 441 2,416,243 100, 935 2,517,178 168 24, 170 4, 027, 201 703, 369 175,212 91,364 108, 670 5, 236, 642 27, 304 5,263,946; 169 13, 979 1,780, 491 247,812 69,117 60. 459 46, 733 2, 251,148 41,858 2, 293, 006 170 1,263,883 196, 125 57, 390 23,331 13, 081 1,589,954 1,402 1,591,356 171 13,061 1,144,696 178, 954 31,207 11,746 31,591 1,443,401 5,474 1,448, 875, 172 1,018,596 149, 179 50, 940 12,951 26, 199 1, 286, 686 7,876 1, 294, 562 173 9, 839 1,216,648 175,670 75, 476 18, 920 28, 776 1,552,829 14, 604 1,567,433 174 2, 497, 740 291,396 144, 975 45, 292 232, 039 3, 269, 949 19,2171 3,289, 166! 175 6,796 931,477 151,484 59, 407 16,638 213, 266 1,411.502 23, 811 i 1,435,313 176 7, 240 1, 480. 961 189, 284 80, 174 19, 802 45, 796 1,867,341 19,0061 1,886,347 177 10, 431 2, 250, 093 312,756 188, 567 39,007 37, 178 2, 882, 994 140,114 3,023,108 178 170 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city City by region, State, and group Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff i Clerks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NORTH CEN¬ TRAL— Con. INDIANA— Con. 431, 770 175, 815 623, 105 8, 872, 200 30, 975 128, 532 290, 505 Connersville _ 29, 846 21,882 23, 604 28,418 15, 831 16,601 15, 548 20, 978 259, 062 42, 473 36, 579 40. 834 31. 160 31.924 26, 288 16,485 23, 499 373, 863 588, 670 508, 422 439, 927 569, 394 469, 202 380, 449 318, 603 274, 222 5, 323, 320 8,318 4, 568 5, 555 11,824 5,145 5, 368 2,692 7,943 77,119 27, 996 17, 839 11,062 15, 146 15, 839 11,693 7, 565 9,062 174, 303 Frankfort _ 8,215 12, 972 4, 290 Goshen . _ Hobart _ Huntington _ 25,410 18,515 5,214 Valparaiso _ Wabash _ 3,310 4, 790 18, 585 West Lafayette. ... Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group IV.. . Boonville _ 105, 489 563, 081 66, 533 763, 263 9, 692, 053 31, 190 107, 513 315, 834 12, 806 11,971 13. 536 13,314 13, 396 12, 660 16, 747 13, 187 15, 954 21,397 11,632 14, 334 13, 184 22, 540 13, 599 355, 630 15, 600 10, 904 17, 105 9,211 10, 800 27, 725 32,221 33, 225 24, 132 22, 000 19,456 22, 774 24, 623 11,426 482,061 235, 900 188, 989 246, 767 197, 998 221,735 310, 247 334,421 377,858 278, 204 267, 728 239, 127 220, 642 297,317 153, 823 6. 121,297 1,350 1,302 1,975 1,804 1,543 4,615 2, 925 5,002 2,988 4, 522 8, 651 6, 602 18, 542 11,692 19, 794 8, 591 6,738 8, 557 4, 555 6, 581 3, 545 199, 474 Clinton _ 8, 920 Greenfield _ Jasper _ Kendallville _ 2,482 1,120 Lebanon _ .... Madison _ Noblesville _ Plymouth _ 15, 592 4,303 1,359 3, 945 1,572 9, 964 2,853 67, 903 Portland _ 3, 289 Rushville _ Tipton. _ 3, 598 Whiting . . . 5,720 Winchester _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group V 42, C21 19, 699 8, 088 477, 660 39, 093 497, 394 6, 397, 884 65, 031 99, 669 171, 219 5, 586 Batesville _ 12.781 9, 245 13. 420 11,632 8, 538 14, 272 9,311 9,128 15, 266 13, 500 12, 696 8, 234 13, 330 7,867 318,440 11,225 15. 895 11,611 11.275 12. 645 23, 252 4,850 10. 400 6,366 12, 500 16, 704 10,410 18, 665 109,400 106.290 185. 762 113,006 189, 921 255, 728 103, 521 135. 290 140. 180 202, 522 176, 560 132, 145 186, 885 95,418 4, 265, 256 3,962 2,152 9, 603 4, 347 1,435 3, 431 5,112 2, 141 4, 534 6, 600 3, 502 2,944 6, 720 590 114, 146 Bicknell _ Columbia City . 13, 031 4, 930 3, 741 1,045 4,479 5, 029 Dunkirk _ Garrett _ 11,220 3,441 Gas City _ 1,862 Himtingburg _ Mitchell _ 2, 220 1, 390 7, 050 2, 930 3, 404 1,935 Munster _ Nappanee _ North Vernon _ 2,086 Petersburg _ Rochester _ West Terre Haute.. Othar cities (esti¬ mated). IOWA Group 1 . . . 26, 062 331, 596 43, 354 66, 446 3, 724 253, 802 93,155 345, 846 6, 067, 278 220, 374 186, 893 127, 039 69, 406 Des Moines _ 253, 802 93, 155 345, 846 6, 067, 278 220, 374 186, 893 127, «39 69,406 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 171 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued Amount of cur¬ Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 81, 870 10, 203, 002 1, 556, 545 559, 830 330,658 185, 417 13, 267, 222 50, 820 13, 318, 042 7,615 675, 072 104, 331 22, 056 21,532 16, 062 868, 899 7,809 876, 708 8, 189 588, 102 79, 170 79, 153 22, 020 11,195 801,522 4,710 806, 232 5, 425 515,775 85, 847 15, 423 5, 993 4,304 650, 946 1,362 652, 308 627, 524 100, 957 18,065 15, 756 15, 159 805, 879 2,819 808, 698 544 548, 064 77,451 23,813 15,465 8, 526 689, 150 412 689, 562 2,296 6, 337 2, 342 444, 600 360, 206 321,858 51,598 57, 769 65, 495 28,361 14, 780 22, 281 736 10, 336 40, 425 8, 246 550, 142 458, 639 481,712 171 550,313 458, 639 484, 757 10,675 3,045 49, 122 6,121,801 933, 927 335, 898 198, 395 111,250 7, 960, 333 30, 492 7, 990, 825 55, 309 11, 044, 501 1, 645, 583 647, 490 486, 728 242, 361 14, 629, 7U 175, 082 14, 804, 826 1,389 259, 241 21,451 15,128 37, 357 3, 874 349, 022 2,847 351,869 1,285 214,388 33, 288 23, 337 3,992 4, 482 293, 023 293, 023 1,266 271,635 32, 265 16, 539 2,155 335, 908 4,113 340, 021 1,413 219, 077 22, 821 10, 397 4,065 7,228 276, 984 5,726 282,710 2,112 246, 394 43,311 7,452 4, 035 2, 491 316,343 3, 869 320,212 3,694 364, 823 45, 196 21,409 5, 890 7,233 461, 298 461,298 381,259 42, 854 28, 604 47, 256 10,010 523, 170 3,514 526, 684 430, 877 66, 679 11,268 24, 121 6,006 554, 905 2, 608 557,513 2, 448 333, 270 49, 592 22, 605 3, 742 6, 250 436, 856 8, 354 445,210 1,382 302, 496 42,600 11,790 9,378 4, 909 382, 805 5, 977 388, 782 271,085 33, 078 21,100 3,335 9, 083 352,015 11,253 363, 268 1,201 254,442 32, 373 12, 561 26,054 5,517 344, 131 3,278 347, 409 2,030 346, 235 111,979 22, 225 7,519 13, 898 524, 396 5, 053 529, 449 2,157 173, 804 28, 780 14, 134 422 8,310 239, 049 7,912 246,961 34, 932 6, 975, 475 1, 039, 316 408, 941 307, 407 153, 070 9, 239, 839 110, 578 9, 350,417 38, 316 7, 314, 192 1, 004, 694 502, 890 214, 461 274, 692 9,788, 589 385, 080 10, 173, 669 606 125, 193 13,311 7,925 1,723 1,841 162, 774 162, 774 1,259 125, 5% 18, 180 16, 827 2,213 1,823 173, 884 173,884 1,266 229, 944 35, 981 13, 283 685 293,313 37, 894 331,207 1,290 130, 963 18, 070 7,966 951 5, 955 175, 537 175, 537 1,564 221,264 35, 448 13,010 19, 721 297, 981 8,298 306,279 1,706 294, 449 41,910 21,957 21,895 58, 189 452, 672 1,999 454, 671 113,483 12,971 12,272 64 2, 971 151,072 2, 225 153, 297 726 150,777 152,470 230, 172 16, 758 28. 748 31,060 12, 823 8,608 8,250 1,919 3,293 15,210 1,101 192, 506 208, 385 303, 602 68, 321 192, 506 276, 706 303, 602 1,500 5,410 1,356 203, 138 22, 986 18, 306 1,808 4,569 263, 503 56 263, 559 1, 123 150, 026 11,301 6,376 948 2, 097 178, 982 178, 982 214, 205 36,418 15, 956 983 5, 808 286, 700 9, 567 296, 267 376 96, 384 11,756 4, 071 74 1,800 121,952 121,952 25, 544 4, 876, 128 669, 796 335, 260 142, 974 183, 128 6, 525, 726 256, 720 6, 782, 446 24, 035 7, 134, 026 1, 288, 614 479, 699 405, 168 647, 509 10, 208, 818 168, 786 10, 377, 604 24, 035 7, 134, 026 1,288,614 479, 699 405, 168 647, 509 10, 208,818 168, 786 10, 377, 604 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 1% 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 172 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 City by region, State, and group Current expenditures in full-time day schools NORTH CEN¬ TRAL— Con. IOWA— Continued Group II . Burlington _ Cedar Rapids. Clinton 7 _ Council Bluffs. Davenport _ Dubuque _ Fort Dodge 7_. Iowa City _ Mason City 7.. Ottumwa _ Sioux City _ Waterloo _ Group III Bonne 7. . Cedar Falls _ Charles City _ Keokuk 7 _ Marshalltown _ Muscatine 7 _ Newton _ . Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group IV _ Centerville.. . Clarinda 7 _ Decorah _ Fairfield . . Knoxville _ Le Mars _ Mount Pleasant.. Oelwein _ West Des Moines. Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group V _ Belle Plaine . Bloomfield _ Clear Lake _ Cresco _ Eagle Grove 7 _ Hawarden _ Independence.... Maquoketa _ Missouri Valley.. Monticello _ Nevada _ Onawa _ Pella _ Rock Rapids _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Adminis- Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) tration Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff i Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 676. 993 499, 858 1, 044, 221 16, 966, 790 209, 031 268, 029 796, 442 122, 069 47, 391 95, 688 31,784 46, 674 77, 450 41,168 47, 686 41,517 59.816 47,212 78, 590 62, 017 6, 334 64, 536 32, 156 24, 654 87, 173 34,222 15, 672 34, 529 33, 000 37, 982 66, 000 63, 600 78, 773 166, 520 52, 200 77,516 109, 853 51, 501 52.240 37, 621 84, 000 87, 997 138, 000 108, 000 1, 003, 388 2, 543,915 817,472 1,320, 031 2, 035, 729 778, 206 838,819 570, 030 1, 193, 536 1,121,732 2,857,713 1,886,219 40, 000 61, 129 16, 108 25, 000 56, 050 24, 663 21,658 85, 060 12, 732 10,678 14, 709 38, 587 97, 477 27, 828 31,934 66, 765 29, 827 35, 906 34, 321 94, 728 40, 820 155,913 142, 336 43, 334 10, 409 21, 004 4,286 48, 668 19, 690 3, 678 10, 791 11,552 15, 472 17, 479 24, 979 241, 314 134, 222 359, 394 4, 776, 433 44, 019 61, 490 218, 240 59, 751 23, 058 25, 693 11,006 37, 476 32, 905 15, 646 23, 136 72, 394 12, 003 40, 781 30, 147 31,440 33, 729 52. 368 35, 000 28,111 107,818 399, 853 413, 695 343, 802 535, 585 631, 588 574, 634 444, 347 1,432, 929 20, 140 6,614 4,710 5, 496 4, 500 14, 100 5, 888 12,312 18, 704 16, 881 20,470 22, 947 46, 639 14,815 65, 472 9,112 24, 026 20, 326 37, 600 4,059 23, 699 8,349 18, 447 9, 015 17, 925 40, 267 13, 206 452, 601 13, 067 427, 859 6, 315, 766 56, 330 487, 722 42, 053 13, 554 9, 238 17, 339 26, 220 14, 266 18. 405 16. 406 13, 422 16, 629 307, 122 4, 200 14, 100 12,600 10,278 5,100 15, 300 8, 800 16, 500 33, 000 21,848 290, 333 251, 746 206, 449 220, 793 275, 865 225, 276 188, 914 182, 884 206, 568 271,573 4, 285, 698 19. 470 22, 576 10, 852 10, 856 33, 776 18,341 22.471 9, 821 8, 605 330, 954 2, 952 4, 741 4, 800 3, 791 3, 425 6, 090 38, 224 5, 824 28, 536 8, 867 502, 923 42, 002 452, 696 5, 568, 953 20, 617 55, 034 336, 305 19, 856 22,419 11,778 16, 766 9,710 9, 985 11,787 10,819 11,733 13, 748 10, 782 12, 494 10, 781 8, 443 10, 485 331, 193 5, 800 9, 600 9, 000 11,759 20, 825 11,000 5, 900 4, 900 16,575 10, 300 13, 500 9, 100 11,320 15, 000 298, 117 108, 371 140, 547 214, 589 115, 584 162, 668 97, 200 170, 347 193, 867 125, 968 107,27? 9, 959 10,456 13.819 6, 149 6,047 7,820 15, 509 8, 356 k 14,611 2, 386 5, 639 4,966 i 4, 437 4, 682 221,469 2, 000 2,424 3, 928 547 3, 476 2,100 3, 800 10, 442 3, 900 2,500 144, 283 120, 951 103,719 96, 228 3, 667, 359 2,228 2, 391 1,614 2, 040 3, 564 13, 577 27, 660 36, 242 13, 076 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 173 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction— Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 75, 093 19, 981, 533 2, 907, 165 1, 213, 947 848, 338 1, 056, 770 26, 684, 746 128, 153 26, 812, 899 10, 500 16,610 3, 139 6,863 7,777 3, 453 4, 972 17,473 1, 202, 582 3, 049, 571 983, 975 1, 503, 660 2, 396, 643 958, 609 988, 768 723, 913 1,405, 264 1, 350, 767 3,217, 626 2, 200, 155 179, 279 456, 328 168,613 205, 447 410, 177 187,001 147,521 95, 487 184, 041 210, 698 337, 232 325, 341 100, 254 160, 990 53, 051 123, 129 128,419 67, 685 95, 228 70, 372 97, 084 58, 038 141,759 117,938 122, 529 87, 386 44, 975 45. 744 58, 851 35, 240 72, 830 9, 024 65, 658 15, 058 141,340 149, 703 111.724 19, 750 86, 494 101,629 182,710 32, 393 67,775 45,415 86, 013 136, 436 39, 332 147, 099 1, 763, 759 3, 869, 713 1, 368, 892 2, 026, 283 3, 254, 250 1, 322, 096 1,419, 808 985, 728 1, 897, 876 1,818,209 3, 955, 879 3. 002, 253 1,454 26,217 5,212 1,765,213 3, 895, 930 1, 374, 104 2, 026, 283 3, 265, 961 1, 382, 338 1,419, 808 985, 728 1, 897, 876 1,841,526 3, 955. 879 3, 002, 253 11,711 60, 242 4, 306 23, 317 30, 104 5, 683, 653 900, 595 296, 570 394, 764 445, 927 7, 962, 823 50, 576 8, 013. 399 5, 014 3, 301 962 3,421 5,511 494,813 487, 069 397, 585 635, 390 762, 327 693, 873 507, 501 1, 705, 095 78, 799 99, 871 62, 629 96. 321 114, 520 83, 188 95, 089 270, 178 18,412 10, 956 25, 115 33, 498 76, 231 21,969 21,418 88,971 41,396 25, 381 44, 481 46, 896 42, 625 30, 246 45,310 118, 429 39, 777 36, 784 30, 266 48, 446 62, 675 54, 477 39, 724 133, 778 696, 255 685, 754 571, 082 898, 027 1,091,283 899, 399 732, 178 2. 388, 845 3, 432 11,961 699, 687 697,715 571, 082 905, 055 1, 094, 088 899, 399 742, 355 2, 404, 018 7, 028 2, 805 2,864 9, 031 10, 177 15, 173 26, 578 7, 369, 375 1, 244, 084 501, 066 702, 085 419, 284 10, 688, 495 161, 965 10, 850, 460 289, 516 251,257 252, 701 297, 582 274, 352 216, 055 221,855 249, 389 316, 021 5, 000, 647 37, 576 33, 482 37, 178 47, 486 56, 069 38, 495 31,408 41, 087 77, 103 844,200 14, 488 27, 193 12, 391 19,012 20, 119 13, 070 4, 909 13, 964 35,911 340, 009 21,280 32, 222 4, 333 13, 401 23, 472 30, 977 55. 748 29. 100 15, 137 476,415 18, 028 3, 333 23, 186 22, 943 21, 008 14, 401 11,328 17, 840 2, 703 284, 514 394, 442 356, 725 347, 128 426, 644 409, 286 331,403 341, 654 364, 802 463, 504 7, 252, 907 394, 442 356, 725 399, 188 426, 644 409, 286 331, 403 341, 654 364, 802 463, 504 7, 362, 812 1,880 2, 246 2, 336 52, 060 2,081 18, 035 109, 905 43, 328 6, 538, 791 1, 054, 595 375, 572 744,432 432, 412 9, 648, 725 142, 30 2 9,791,027 124, 130 160, 603 239,408 137, 731 196, 886 116, 020 197, 332 223, 992 157, 154 127,486 167, 759 139, 177 124,319 120, 761 4, 3C6, 033 19, 365 27,671 36,217 28, 571 43, 030 16, 083 31,516 37, 585 29, 468 18,717 22, 983 20, 443 18, 388 10, 069 694, 489 10, 774 10, 731 12, 200 9,065 7,750 4,342 16,112 8,173 6,711 5, 639 9, 198 3, 592 9,279 14, 678 247, 328 16, 687 45, 873 33, 223 17,413 15, 347 10, 132 10, 292 21,643 13, 402 18, 044 3, 039 15, 203 26. 460 7,438 490. 236 9, 039 10, 635 202, 414 267,291 337,814 212,917 277, 506 166, 998 282, 934 318,116 230, 892 190, 056 233, 528 204, 857 197, 037 172,327 6, 354, 038 202, 414 267,291 373, 004 212,917 277, 506 166, 998 282, 934 327, 067 230, 892 190, 056 233, 528 204, 857 201,487 172,3271 6, 447,749 35, 190 1,268 3,418 10, 427 4, 508 8, 634 16, 863 14, 990 10, 409 9, 388 18, 055 15, 661 10, 148 8, 896 284, 759 2, 627 8, 951 1,128 2,109 1,769 1, 189 1,287 28, 533 4, 450 93,711 222 223 224 225 226 111 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 174 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city City by region, State, and group 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 309 NORTH CEN¬ TRAL— Con. KANSAS Group I. .. Kansas City 7. Wichita _ Group II _ Hutchinson 7. Salina . .. Topeka _ Group III. Arkansas City 7 _ Dodge City 7 _ Fort Scott . .. Junction City _ Lawrence _ Ottawa _ Pittsburg _ Winfield _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group IV. 289 Concordia. 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 Hays _ _ lola . . Liberal _ Olathe _ Pratt 7 _ Russell _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group V. Current expenditures in full-time day schools Anthony . Cherryvale.. . Fredonia _ Galena _ Garnett _ Herington _ Hiawatha _ Hoisington * . Kingman _ Marysville _ Norton: Elementary dis¬ trict. High school dis¬ trict. Osawatomie _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Adminis¬ tration 431, 185 129, 309 301,876 156, 937 32. 828 39, 894 84,215 398, 267 14, 537 22,510 17,201 19, 142 32, 065 19,171 21,287 13, 394 238, 960 176, 051 11,614 22, 827 15.012 16, 188 19, 880 17,257 20, 458 52,815 Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors 151, 583 56, 459 95, 124 105, 680 20, 450 12, 150 73. 080 Prin¬ cipals 835,162 271, 391 563,771 367, 788 101,217 85, 187 181,384 3, 708 4,305 19, 346 9. 850 5, 585 64, 191 4, 350 331, 350 10, 042 9, 575 12, 166 8, 600 9, 740 10, 542 7,573 5, 561 8,012 12,202 8,849 1, 191 15, 601 211,696 647, 060 41.364 30, 110 10, 700 29, 331 43, 249 28, 468 31,300 44, 302 388, 236 211,540 10, 588 23, 200 16, 937 27, 500 31, 600 24, 800 13,453 63, 462 405, 534 10, 669 5, 999 13. 700 14, 800 13, 139 9, 600 12,475 13, 809 8,067 12, 323 11,362 6, 500 14,000 259, ■" Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff > 10, 053, 039 2, 920, 907 7, 132, 132 3, 983, 466 1, 177, 589 962, 628 1, 843, 249 8, 517,418 468, 766 460, 318 272,825 426, 207 659, 395 299, 481 463, 584 356, 391 5, 110,451 2, 625, 799 202, 957 270, 858 260, 345 347,719 235, 481 257, 820 262,879 787, 740 4, 030, 168 109,614 94, 307 128, 965 115,254 101, 175 110, 561 106, 946 93, 857 129, 365 150, 000 88, 761 56, 585 169, 948 2, 574, 830 407, 142 38, 700 363, 442 27, 866 7,610 20, 256 20, 952 3,675 8, 460 8, 300 62, 081 4,031 3, 900 7,848 6, 762 3, 531 3, 800 3, 800 19, 693 Clerks 202, 966 42, 680 160, 286 63, 030 27, 988 15, 842 19,200 161, 947 8, 395 6,880 7,891 4,274 16,494 3, 905 6, 950 9, 990 97, 168 34, 501 4,287 2, 800 6, 706 3, 093 7,265 10, 350 2,023 958 1,994 2, 1,616 1,400 2, 120 21,618 Supplies and other expenses 52, 522 428, 339 30, 894 42, 649 48, 735 348, 875 25, 972 24, 507 14, 641 9,506 16, 570 15, 112 12, 557 20, 685 209, 325 125, 867 9, 848 19,715 10, 327 11,959 6, 156 17,331 12,771 37, 760 5, 009 3,641 6, 286 2, 560 3, 766 7, 060 3,757 2, 476 7, 651 5, 2, 584 2, 409 11,310 114, 128 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 1,136 i , i 36 524 524 1,300 115 26 2, 161 2, 215 ..... 27 124 578 1,415 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 175 public -school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ Total School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Fixed charges rent ex¬ penditure ! not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 "V 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 141, 452 12, 273, 341 1,495, 936 1, 097, 762 213, 904 570, 363 16, 082, 491 294, 537 16,377,028 271 19, 880 3, 402, 539 482, 784 240, 280 78, 497 240, 597 4, 574, 006 294, 537 — 4, 868, 543 272 121,572 8, 870, 802 1,013,152 857, 482 135, 407 329, 776 11,508,485 11,508,485 273 28,608 4. 699. 240 670.208 371.981 230. 829 140.402 6. 269, 597 115, 858 6,385.455 274 6,157 1,364, 295 196, 493 117,078 12, 382 1 59, 243 1,782,319 79, 268 1,861,587 i 275 5, 388 1,131,454 166, 438 30, 680 178,454 19, 691 1,566,612 1,566,612 1 276 17,063 2, 203, 491 307, 277 224, 223 39, 993 61,467 2, 920, 666 36, 590 | 2,957,256 277 82. 375 9, 971. 730 1, 342. 588 554 628 303. 537 203, 987 12, 774, 737 22. 745 12.797.482 278 2, 503 547, 000 54, 984 46, 222 9,272 5, 262 677, 277 2, 374 679,651 279 3, 371 549, 846 67, 339 22, 820 23, 745 15, 388 701,648 701, 648 280 5, 620 311,677 42, 936 45, 330 20, 848 6, 144 444, 136 4, 734 448, 870 281 3, 689 480, 987 56, 606 8, 908 20, 640 8, 986 595, 269 595, 269 282 6,775 771, 589 127,754 30, 221 20, 395 8,214 990, 238 990, 238 283 3,751 350, 832 54, 287 24, 662 10, 535 2, 456 461,943 461,943 284 3, 499 536, 066 67,850 43, 047 5, 338 35. 145 708, 733 708, 733 285 3, 742 440, 695 65. 279 641 10, 642 530,651 1, 990 532, 641 286 49, 425 5, 983, 038 805, 553 332, 777 182, 122 122, 39 2 7, 664, 842 13, 647 7, 678, 489 287 31, 901 3, 058,916 456, 103 161, 892 90, 881 58, 229 4, 002, 072 4, 002, 072 288 2,617 230,2971 32, 576 32, 379 3, 554 7,151 317,571 317, 571 289 2, 903 323, 507 57,812 18, 626 9,133 10, 055 441,960 441, 960 290 3,204 1,993 2, 607 297, 519 396, 481 275, 844 46, 789 51,415 42,219 17,713 8, 230 13, 377 21, 542 6, 035 1,844 378, 877 493, 856 362, 374 378, 877 493, 856 362, 374 291 292 5,019 293 3,000 314, 636 35. 800 20, 000 3, 990 16, 000 407, 683 407, 683 294 6, 007 302, 958 52, 662 3, 000 19, 362 691 399, 131 399, 131 295 9, 570 917, 674 136, 830 48, 567 27,265 17, 469 1, 200, 620 1, 200, 620 296 43, 258 4, 724, 471 614, 827 238, 749 263, 767 179, 294 6,352,458 15, 876 6, 368, 334 297 1,016 4, 252 129, 839 110, 293 17,261 14, 290 5, 226 9,619 11,645 1,369 7, 373 1,453 181, 386 146, 599 181,386 146, 599 298 299 725 149, 909 133, 339 21,400 15, 468 14, 522 6,732 11,272 7,353 7, 161 1, 795 216,430 173, 287 216, 430 173, 287 300 301 1,277 119,384 17,838 4,819 11, 139 5, 841 168, 761 168, 761 302 2,048 131,263 20, 245 13, 709 14,740 5, 720 196,219 200 196,419 303 1,704 126, 990 17, 114 6,858 2,044 1,266 161,845 161,845 304 1,131 110, 142 146,214 14, 248 19,466 4,312 6, 263 1,223 5, 279 3,215 6,258 138, 701 191,492 138,701 191,492 305 306 1,458 171,519 15, 392 8,310 4,499 12, 282 224, 204 5, 533 229, 737 307 712 103, 419 13, 444 4,318 12, 063 2, 639 144, 732 144, 732 308 533 71,227 11,647 1,527 1,000 3, 657 90, 249 90, 249 309 765 27, 637 202, 521 3,018,412 24, 208 392, 806 152, 534 11,623 168,518 6, 085 114, 549 260, 038 4, 058, 515 10, 143 260, 038 4, 068, 658 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 ENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration 1,489,285 291,768 218,310 2, 060, 944 105, 120 89, 174 88, 000 191,778 76, 137 131,928 123, 431 89, 563 148,411 126,088 149, 348 69, 343 59, 536 117,714 75, 709 135, 460 163, 208 120, 905 66, 864 18, 151 30, 324 20, 198 35, 432 27, 288 13,295 64, 095 46, 331 33, 840 41,479 58, 797 836, 172 1, 355, 369 39, 922 20, 744 22, 377 29, 727 53, 723 18, 161 54, 595 18,011 68, 352 18, 470 22, 774 97, 842 890, 671 Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors 715, 921 539, 914 70,310 105, 697 791, 226 77, 635 52,471 133, 334 15, 562 28, 429 22, 501 13, 199 62, 119 63, 000 118, 378 36, 395 24,817 61,134 4,672 77, 580 435, 985 6, 600 42, 000 13, 721 10, 388 14, 000 22, 872 37, 949 6, 347 282, 108 7,284 6,200 10, 737 21,348 5, 599 8, 200 113, 789 Prin¬ cipals 4, 566, 170 314,874 336, 420 2, 700, 116 98, 475 134, 780 143, 042 340, 437 81,926 117,000 48, 033 76, 382 165, 363 133, 097 293, 885 111,065 129, 657 247, 265 84. 407 165,818 216,613 112,871 1, 320, 948 58, 860 20,615 39,316 12, 700 46, 362 6, 975 5, 750 95, 451 48, 764 44, 095 16, 587 70, 742 854, 731 41,841 33, 000 31, 172 30, 000 72, 295 27, 050 30, 000 16,012 63, 396 12, 090 9, 899 113, 167 919,851 Class¬ room teachers 54, 233, 345 6, 170, 191 4,617, 264 43,810, 635 1, 573, 379 1,895, 749 1, 996, 427 6, 266,010 1, 567, 096 2, 178, 747 992, 706 2, 020, 058 2, 273, 340 2,751, 147 3, 693, 047 1, 769, 254 1,972, 663 3, 573, 081 1,415, 796 2,897,021 3, 304, 445 1,670, 669 24, 258, 586 959, 467 246, 944 421,878 443,410 592, 341 433, 623 356, 517 1,603, 116 1,023, 984 741, 724 709, 076 1, 029, 775 15, 696, 731 19, 610, 537 517, 127 322, 426 346,715 468, 300 924, 664 301, 735 420, 849 357, 335 756, 115 260, 593 324, 064 1, 723, 689 12, 886, 925 Other nonsu- pervisory staff i 999, 051 737, 706 261, 345 765, 625 23, 550 93, 020 176, 351 92, 800 94, 719 123,060 70, 000 44, 000 17, 194 30, 931 421, 093 37, 100 15, 000 13, 844 3, 950 10, 043 4, 200 18, 084 9, 300 37, 100 272, 472 338, 249 3, 887 11,325 20, 229 3, 952 13, 200 21. 100 42, 278 222, 278 Clerks 2, 285, 810 1,967, 351 185, 027 133, 432 1, 738, 798 59, 967 73, 677 56, 353 360, 796 38, 723 97, 066 60, 532 104, 639 107, 434 100,018 106, 969 41,206 65, 966 127, 593 41, 125 139,514 82, 370 74, 850 674, 574 29, 091 4, 923 15, 982 9, 598 23, 103 11,700 3, 753 36, 661 45, 075 17,460 23, 608 17, 131 436, 489 507, 780 9, 565 4,718 11,246 16, 740 19, 598 2, 380 2, 000 5, 893 24, 761 5, 964 8, 978 62, 253 333, 684 Supplies and other expenses 1, 468, 943 1, 054, 452 200, 730 213, 761 1, 772, 915 62, 298 97,612 97, 775 138, 008 66, 839 113, 789 44,719 105, 247 81,081 124,411 133. 346 39, 257 41,336 130, 287 77, 509 126,421 170, 157 122, 823 992, 950 40, 070 5, 398 28,715 13, 172 21,065 15,772 13, 431 55, 336 55, 047 26, 521 27, 547 48, 379 642, 497 949, 293 23, 884 7,561 19, 006 24, 704 35, 819 11,318 38, 854 14,012 36, 552 12,111 11,994 89, 657 623, 821 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 489, 650 80, 058 607, 915 31,696 17,497 130, 904 20, 379 13, 038 12, 991 44, 627 42, 769 11,097 44, 270 23, 572 22, 329 68, 875 38, 726 42, 935 42,210 230, 001 14, 688 5, 047 3, 240 26, 767 10, 342 11,376 148, 824 198, 890 13,810 4, 270 876 1,571 21,900 5, 586 10, 165 7,308 2,690 15 130, 699 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 177 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts * Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 269, 069 76, 546, 766 11, 616, 311 5, 023, 050 4,190,850 3, 949, 123 103, 325, 463 6, 106, 450 109, 431, 913 312 106, 604 63, 695, 192 9, 060, 041 3, 906, 222 3, 882, 761 3, 905,711 85, 939,212 5, 599, 038 91, 538. 250 313 78,713 7, 099, 903 1,499, 888 562, 264 110, 834 32, 321 9, 596, 978 443, 933 10,040,911 314 83, 752 5, 751,671 1, 056, 382 554, 564 197,255 11,091 7, 789, 273 63, 479 7, 852, 752 315 550, 534 52, 737, 764 9,735,410 3, 621, 873 5 602,264 329, 760 74, 088, 015 2, 367, 382 76, 455, 397 316 29, 485 1, 847, 154 386, 893 115, 805 1, 627, 575 4. 082, 547 441,950 4, 524, 497 317 12, 252 2,416, 421 479, 233 183, 155 101,716 20, 873 3, 290, 572 196, 047 3, 486,619 318 8, 245 2,371,810 315,543 230, 130 29, 323 11,803 3, 046, 609 7, 693 3, 054, 302 319 54,412 7, 600, 252 1,471,753 510, 041 147, 567 9, 921,391 146, 367 10, 067, 758 320 7, 504 1, 798, 029 307, 864 94, 591 144, 232 12, 143 2, 432, 996 2, 432, 996 321 42, 278 2, 683, 147 508, 978 161,815 959, 388 17, 403 4, 462, 659 196, 835 4, 659, 494 322 14, 322 1, 195, 804 280, 191 210, 660 79, 317 7, 620 1, 897, 023 307, 455 2, 204, 478 323 10, 967 2,469, 838 416,815 93, 270 96, 001 6, 395 3,171,882 147, 820 3,319,702 324 48, 093 2, 780, 199 544,816 191,785 93, 095 39, 291 3, 797, 597 3, 797, 597 325 52. 825 3, 358, 655 624, 569 262, 490 504, 068 28. 652 4, 904, 522 295, 433 5, 199, 955 326 137, 249 4, 527, 144 837, 386 311,831 1,089,214 22, 722 6, 937, 645 33 6, 937, 673 327 3, 571 1. 987, 925 419, 080 49,418 25, 443 8, 003 2, 559, 303 2, 559, 303 328 61,895 2, 400, 241 362, 996 225,211 80, 649 23, 362 3,151,995 321,501 3, 473, 496 329 20,413 4, 236, 331 827, 332 283, 675 116,312 25,270 5, 606. 634 36, 062 5, 642, 696 330 7. 687 1, 704, 852 296, 043 65, 031 97, 992 11,919 2,251,546 2,251,546 331 16, 006 3, 388, 178 580, 234 122, 736 68, 952 15, 251 4,310,811 62, 562 4. 373, 373 332 8, 955 3, 933, 986 659, 951 363, 222 27, 360 72, 966 5, 220, 693 205, 955 5, 426, 648 333 14. 375 2, 037, 798 415, 733 147, 007 314, 060 6,087 3, 041, 590 1,669 3. 043, 259 334 312, 780 28, 646, 917 5, 125, 729 1, 560, 707 2, 515, 801 255, 958 39, 397, 378 170, 590 39, 567, 968 335 5, 978 1, 146, 087 235, 698 17,061 118,218 14, 113 1,598, 041 4,516 1, 602, 557 336 6, 942 285,618 69, 030 12, 733 8. 729 3,152 397,413 17, 558 414, 971 337 11,417 574, 308 79,416 16. 575 85, 111 3, 932 789. 666 345 790,011 338 2,096 494, 820 82, 341 16, 696 31,740 6. 798 652. 593 8, 622 661,215 339 785 716,015 129,417 13, 294 15, 480 10, 278 919,916 644 920, 560 340 3, 952 487,11? 100, 816 54, 060 20, 900 3,411 693, 587 693, 587 341 6, 823 404, 102 74, 802 14, 491 45, 361 7, 374 559, 425 559, 425 342 15, 692 1, 865, 107 305, 955 72, 546 59, 898 13, 433 2, 381,034 5,770 2, 386, 804 343 12, 505 1,208, 247 242, 984 42, 903 393, 682 5, 267 1,939,414 1,939,414 344 5, 198 892, 589 138, 260 97, 276 24, 140 10, 909 1, 197, 014 2,600 1, 199, 614 345 9,157 803, 698 149, 254 52, 330 46, 141 1, 092, 902 15, 532 1, 108, 434 346 29, 848 1,232, 975 201. 108 140, 873 38, 530 11,671 1, 683, 954 4, 621 1,688, 575 347 202, 387 18, 536, 239 3, 316, 648 1, 009, 869 1,627, 871 165, 620 25. 492, 419 110, 382 25, 602, 801 348 202, 76i 23,380,440 3, 684, 597 1, 169, 703 2, 056, 649 270, 235 31, 916, 993 625, 914 32, 542, 907 349 2,151 615, 662 102, 071 33, 159 237, 485 7,005 1, 035, 304 1, 035, 304 350 2,193 380, 373 6, 928 15, 252 7, 947 3, 125 434, 369 5,000 439, 369 351 3. 848 416,750 72, 484 16,412 39, 347 4, 135 571,505 12, 568 584, 073 352 16, 436 569, 076 97, 252 23, 698 22, 684 5,410 747, 847 87, 825 835, 672 353 10,616 1,115, 858 152, 865 41, 999 28, 584 9, 258 1, 402, 287 59, 555 1,461,842 354 3, 042 355, 063 48, 972 25, 068 22, 725 6, 895 476, 884 476, 884 355 4, 825 509, 728 88, 133 42, 043 129, 327 8, 502 832, 328 832, 328 356 3, 196 427, 961 75, 673 21,442 16, 599 4,636 564, 322 564, 322 357 3, 186 912,418 189. 768 22, 029 54, 174 13, 065 1, 259, 806 9, 845 1,269, 651 358 4,424 297, 872 40, 291 23, 722 6, 827 3, 010 390, 192 14, 055 404, 247 359 2, 393 362, 942 57, 405 20, 890 25, 825 2, 285 492, 121 11,870 503, 991 360 13, 203 2, 052, 447 331,448 115, 327 113,613 25, 326 2, 736, 003 13, 881 2, 749, 884 361 133, 243 15, 364, 290 2, 421,307 768, 662 1,351,512 177, 583 20, 974, 025 411,315 21, 385, 340 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Super- Prin- visors cipals 2 3 4 Salaries and wages Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff > 5 6 I Clerks Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 7 8 9 1, 043,751 812, 208 119, 573 585, 359 150, 024 13, 787 14,219 15,311 13, 596 20, 950 15,957 30, 190 14, 605 19, 538 13, 390 15,228 20, 106 17,751 42, 764 21,757 20, 483 12, 982 721,137 4,600 23, 022 3,850 6,100 83, 984 10, 897 5, 500 5, 926 12, 250 12,690 12, 690 18, 739 11.799 13, 100 5,995 11.800 26, 102 17,288 33, 330 20, 224 16, 533 16, 183 561, 162 125,647 141,496 165, 501 281, 398 255, 989 240, 207 386, 299 169, 966 182, 468 180,771 208, 835 281, 846 256, 022 542, 861 376, 394 211,170 183,974 I, 367, 769 4, 350 4, 148 8,800 4,411 10,450 4,800 82,614 3, 602 4,023 5,710 4,760 2, 550 9, 026 1,668 2, 800 1,877 2,269 8, 070 4, 039 14,010 4, 875 5, 940 1,673 171,876 8, 942 3, 672 8, 963 10, 949 9, 356 12, 629 19, 976 7,175 9, 074 7,953 8, 351 9,184 18, 673 13,205 14, 004 11,015 7,808 404, 430 3, 072 2,112 3, 422 3, 207 5,025 1,870 7,939 4, 195 4, 977 3, 574 3, 571 318 ' 3,089 103,653 1,101,793 23, 727, 107 700, 565 903, 766 397, 457 151.558 614,636 335. 599 72, 088 240, 000 121,242 184, 547 773, 928 559, 886 3, 497, 490 13, 028, 656 7, 200, 961 25, 191 319, 336 356, 038 120, 007 532, 060 251,699 132, 501 431,707 288, 369 52, 829 242, 700 101,928 2, 458, 825 58, 681 54, 860 39, 154 35, 438 33, 400 7,200 26, 000 103, 935 47, 036 38, 731 1, 157, 532 54, 837 642,423 _ 658, 870 16, 509 25, 779 19, 733 13, 169 504, 386 375, 232 608, 098 10, 607, 558 238, 510 236, 700 122,600 40, 732 47, 536 45, 531 29, 533 13, 491 18, 344 8,897 628, 290 248, 146 31,748 18,235 24, 006 21,715 35,676 30, 431 48, 440 41,942 252, 193 5, 900 6, 500 15, 578 10, 996 5,600 13, 400 85, 342 44, 300 187,616 48,816 43, 586 13, 825 12, 556 34, 512 49, 984 61,950 38, 820 304, 049 833, 402 595, 351 438, 533 414, 929 762, 727 426, 493 1, 124,603 707, 741 5, 303, 779 16, 003 38, 500 5, 259 8, 808 20, 961 19, 348 10, 376 119,255 14, 979 14,875 10, 522 4,012 20, 925 5,810 34, 122 13, 105 118, 350 48, 045 42, 658 29, 895 30, 263 52, 373 60, 085 32, 050 18,776 314, 145 22, 474 12,381 9. 764 7,016 14, 620 10,785 34, 829 12,204 124,073 786, 057 11, 466, 594 166, 825 202, 519 279, 560 22, 696 18, 393 21,293 37, 448 20, 652 21, 182 38, 174 25, 170 38, 747 4, 680 4, 747 9, 234 20, 002 4,125 11,000 23, 398 31,239 14, 241 15, 625 12,759 12, 700 25, 100 12, 783 18, 400 371,893 467, 004 297, 592 392, 528 372, 223 233,919 621,910 344, 955 416, 386 4, 000 9, 237 7,945 5, 200 26. 975 4, 169 7,329 6, 640 1,575 15, 827 10, 396 12,246 2,019 9, 695 27, 739 20, 095 16, 664 36, 556 24, 439 13, 859 31,011 16, 251 20, 861 5, 334 14, 299 6,488 13, 708 7,974 5, 907 12, 780 7,355 14, 086 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 179 public -school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued 363 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 168, 863 15,764,964 2, 640, 825 816, 090 2, 203, 164 227, 826 22, 696, 620 193, 111 22, 889, 731 4,759 156,919 42,917 17, 101 11,269 2, 677 244,670 5, 932 250, 602 364 152, 780 26, 758 8,237 22. 388 5, 536 229, 918 4, 233 234, 151 365 1,717 193, 902 31,774 18, 035 38, 695 2, 053 299, 770 299, 770 366 1,697 319,811 36,611 23, 139 30, 604 1,828 425, 589 11,475 437, 064 367 2,525 290, 345 41,997 7, 113 18, 871 6,173 385, 449 385, 449 368 9, 439 279, 385 46, 086 11,231 36,810 3, 887 393, 356 2. 000 395, 356 369 3, 022 445, 001 80,419 30, 021 109, 721 6, 738 702, 090 10, 089 712,179 370 4,990 222,815 37, 898 14, 730 34, 122 3,431 327, 601 3, 281 330, 882 371 1,002 208, 444 34, 324 10, 236 12, 101 1,956 286, 599 1,025 287, 624 372 3. 033 208. 754 38, 031 21. 167 23, 357 2. 784 307, 483 3. 909 311,392 373 3, 578 251.057 38, 972 5, 352 32, 338 2, 371 345, 318 3, 671 348, 989 374 1,383 330, 996 59,100 9,167 19,274 2, 948 441,591 441,591 375 2. 086 298, 108 52, 974 22,715 57,421 2, 463 451,432 451, 432 376 8,316 621,393 102, 672 28,612 82, 581 15, 669 893, 691 12,476 906, 167 377 1,524 427, 789 64, 479 10, 089 33. 058 5,412 562, 584 562, 584 378 1,500 250, 958 48, 060 8. 330 100, 503 2, 978 431,312 1,598 432, 910 379 1,623 214,350 33, 183 6, 971 17,865 1,515 286. 866 286, 866 380 116, 669 10, 892, 157 1,824,570 563, 844 1, 522, 186 157, 407 15, 68i; 301 133, 422 15,814,723 381 424, 568 28, 957, 731 5, 404, 507 2, 131, 485 1, 835, 612 3,403,135 42, 834, 263 674, 035 43, 508, 298 382 21,382 4, 106, 035 752, 358 303, 008 381, 248 46, 378 5. 740, 585 171,928 5,912, 513 383 278, 080 15, 846, 467 3,232,488 1,254,205 754, 282 2, 607, 064 24, 309, 142 423, 786 24, 732, 928 384 125, 106 9, 005, 229 1,419, 661 574, 272 700, 082 749, 693 12, 784, 536 78, 321 12, 862, 857 385 28,813 3, 037, 299 517, 832 93, 283 86, 167 35, 361 3, 899, 394 42,633 3, 942, 027 386 16, 966 1. 453, 476 242, 870 22, 486 31,514 18. 772 1, 823, 978 30, 736 1, 854, 714 387 6, 368 786, 635 153,245 37, 267 35, 904 8, 830 1,061,035 1,061,035 388 5, 479 797, 188 121,717 33, 530 18, 749 7,759 1,014,381 11,897 1,026, 278 389 127, 412 13, 069, 946 2, 250, 128 321, 078 1, 026, 660 187, 040 17, 359, 238 219, 922 17, 579, 160 390 11,860 1,001,479 150, 680 31,417 154, 566 20. 628 1, 390, 518 1,390, 518 391 5,412 759, 263 141,172 11,589 8, 045 6; 428 944, 732 9, 564 954, 296 392 3,750 527, 126 68,413 7,557 36, 092 7, 457 670, 651 27,462 698, 113 393 5,260 493, 840 101,298 10, 471 38, 993 7,617 673, 934 7,414 681,348 394 10, 741 922, 459 162, 546 27,210 93, 154 9,318 1, 250, 363 44, 286 1,294,649 395 5, 226 571,783 111,652 25, 449 10. 931 11,957 762, 203 916 763, 119 396 16, 652 1,408, 896 202, 399 13, 825 127, 925 25, 192 1, 826, 677 11,766 1, 838, 443 397 4, 805 850, 127 186, 904 33, 021 43, 624 4, 923 1, 160, 541 8, 553 1, 169, 094 398 63, 706 6, 534, 973 1, 125, 064 160, 539 513, 330 93, 520 8, 679,619 109, 961 8, 789, 580 399 145, 354 13,620,320 2, 440, 300 430, 218 2, 880, 959 223, 329 20, 381, 183 196, 217 20, 577, 400 400 4,411 448, 784 84,396 7,654 193, 907 5. 332 762, 769 3, 270 766, 039 401 4, 594 553, 108 109, 603 9, 896 96, 004 5, 428 792, 432 7,000 799, 432 402 2,339 i 351.591 62, 527 7,490 47, 544 5,250 495, 695 2, 198 497, 893 403 6, 25C 1 485, 694 105,112 36, 302 63, 021 5, 555 733, 132 10, 476 743, 608 404 4,718 ! 441,743 68,019 27,911 124,231 7,811 690, 367 690, 367 405 4, 247 270, 632 34, 235 6, 467 106. 079 11,878 450, 473 3, 656 454. 129 406 9. 535 i 759. 559 124, 467 17, 086 168, 895 9.919 1, 118, 100 3, 133 1,121,233 407 3, 50S 1 395, 166 66, 722 8, 839 44,810 8, 825 549, 532 16, 953 566, 485 408 6, 62S 1 497, 057 110, 987 1 11,731 96, 016 7, 528 762, 066 762, 066 409 180 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 City by region, State, and group Adminis¬ tration 1 2 NORTH CEN¬ TRAL— Con. MINNESOTA— Con. Group IV — Continued 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 Will mar _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group V _ Benson... . Crosby.. . Hutchinson _ Jackson. . . Lake City . Luverne . . Morris. . . Park Rapids . Staples _ Waseca _ Windom _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). MISSOURI 27,299 515, 003 S87, 869 18, 733 20, 292 18, 362 16, 780 15, 301 17,417 21,223 14, 001 16, 822 16, 438 14,824 397, 676 425 326 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 Group I _ Kansas City 7 _ St. Louis 7_ . Group II _ Columbia . . Independence _ Jefferson City 7 _ Joplin 7 _ St. Joseph 7 _ Springfield _ University City _ Group III _ Cape Girardeau. . . Fulton _ Kirksville . . Kirkwood _ Maplewood-Rich- mond Hts. Mexico _ Moberly _ Sikeston _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group IV _ Brookfield _ Caruthersville _ Clinton 7 _ Flat River _ Ladue . . . 1,448, 265 535, 063 913, 202 334, 111 29, 038 36, 871 26, 754 41,249 65, 958 59, 014 75, 227 515, 016 24, 710 9, 107 13, 936 54, 890 49, 905 30, 408 18, 605 15, 288 298, 167 434, 930 8, 847 10, 456 15, 541 7 20, 292 42, 083 See footnotes at end of table. Super¬ visors 3 5,500 112,647 18, 545 6, 000 12," 545 686, 599 179, 128 507,471 148, 754 21,307 9,910 8, 483 67, 418 41,636 308, 448 16, 483 3, 041 14, 142 15, 600 29, 528 28, 450 11,933 10, 696 178, 575 76, 756 4, 600 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction Salaries and wages Prin¬ cipals 4 12, 100 338, 856 455, 365 19, 005 21,497 12, 767 11,642 6, 600 18, 836 16, 400 6,000 11,555 6,100 16, 922 308, 041 1, 757, 429 704, 910 1,052,519 640, 037 52, 698 85, 449 39, 575 85, 752 110,700 173, 463 92, 400 598, 593 29, 800 16, 734 25, 083 67, 200 45,255 32, 150 11,300 24,517 346, 554 572, 857 16, 000 13, 200 5, 800 27, 956 71, 378 Class¬ room teachers 435, 588 7, 512, 596 6, 552, 793 184, 121 253, 729 231, 006 173, 871 180, 723 172, 153 181,464 184, 623 166, 698 195, 054 196, 579 4, 432, 772 26, 145, 984 11,040, 913 15, 105, 071 8, 430, 046 523,613 862, 210 508,013 1,140, 723 1,628, 697 1,813, 741 1,953, 049 8, 762, 763 467, 777 200, 041 276, 110 1, 130, 800 592, 480 342, 218 304, 143 376,015 5, 073, 179 6, 575, 741 157, 500 221,248 181,480 199, 285 581,820 Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 109, 299 4,222 4, 700 3, 650 26, 287 149, 113 149, 113 9,135 17. 742 952 74, 962 9, 770 4, 290 10, 100 7,403 43, 399 3, 7501 Clerks Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 7 8 9 4, 107 132, 685 66, 328 2,716 3, 261 4, 065 1,560 3, 140 1,668 5, 049 44, 869 848, 900 362, 606 486, 294 160, 808 25, 727 16, 990 16, 497 50, 390 51, 204 118, 163 4,125 6, 533 2, 667 20, 000 5,114 6, 507 4,807 68,410 150, 836 3, 520 2,644 6,671 17, 508 23, 674 439, 183 448, 661 9,119 14, 560 14, 338 9,519 11,375 14, 508 9, 147 16, 555 14, 157 12, 100 19,777 303, 506 919, 579 360, 635 558, 944 303, 750 15, 000 30, 367 18,775 24, 888 35, 000 70, 963 108, 757 317, 445 9,168 7,285 13, 257 46, 658 18, 299 12, 033 8,994 17, 967 183, 784 387, 192 3, 745 13,915 18, 942 7, 100 43, 422 8, 469 183, 160 159, 608 4,474 4,619 6, 968 3, 147 3,750 2,117 4,694 4,019 5, 175 6, 142 6, 533 107, 970 524, 828 52, 633 472, 195 327,635 22, 971 14, 048 17,610 67, 333 83, 501 70, 151 52, 021 296, 630 10, 020 7,437 12, 868 40, 601 6, 408 23, 764 9,613 14, 186 171,733 257, 242 5, 562 15, 773 3, 587 4, 037 19, 270 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 181 public-school systems: 1955-56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction- —Continued Amount of cur¬ Total Other Total for 6 rent ex¬ current ex¬ Operation Mainte- school major cur¬ penditure penditure School of the nance of services Fixed rent ex¬ not allo¬ for all library Total for school the school (including charges penditure cable to accounts 1 supplies instruction plant plant transpor- accounts pupil cost1 and other tation) 2 expenses 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3. 890 493, 328 75,415 14, 975 52, 927 9, 484 673, 428 20, 975 694, 403 410 95, 232 8, 923, 658 1, 598, 817 281,867 1, 887, 525 146, 319 13, 353, 189 128, 556 13. 481,745 411 117, 266 7, 857, 425 1, 150, 560 272, 794 1,274, 506 119, 445 11,262, 599 184, 106 11, 446, 70S 412 2,976 219, 695 31,271 5, 454 33, 835 2,412 311.400 9, 075 320, 475 413 3. 690 305, 033 64, 665 10, 034 63, 563 2, 040 465. 627 465, 627 414 3, 624 271,964 36, 184 8, 359 30, 781 5. 266 370, 916 370, 916 415 2, 941 201, 120 24, 276 11,108 5. 205 2, 092 260, 581 7, 570 268, 151 416 2,684 213, 897 28,516 5, 113 38, 017 3, 627 304,471 4, 682 309. 153 417 3, 745 211,359 26, 049 3, 380 25, 041 6. 925 290, 171 6, 937 297, 108 418 2, 033 215, 298 25, 367 2,085 41,995 4, 238 310,206 310, 206 419 7,982 222,319 38, 076 4, 742 53, 734 2,856 335, 728 976 336. 704 420 2,313 203, 548 37, 265 13,212 55, 590 3, 700 330, 137 20, 038 350, 175 421 2,660 229, 724 19, 673 3, 209 38, 763 2,712 310,519 310,519 422 3, 291 248, 151 40, 898 21,561 25,816 2, 776 354, 026 10, 286 364, 312 423 79, 327 5,315,317 778, 320 184, 537 862, 166 80, 801 7,618,817 124, 542 7, 743, 359 424 55, 912 31, 088, 344 4, 654, 599 3, 276, 217 1, 288, 888 2, 351, 470 44, 107, 783 2, 360, 365 46, 468, 148 425 12, 700, 825 1, 879, 104 984, 809 280, 095 1, 008, 588 17, 388, 484 33, 796 17,422,280 426 55, 912 18, 387, 519 2,775,495 2,291,408 1, 008, 793 1, 342, 882 26,719, 299 2, 326, 569 29, 045, 868 427 132, 335 10, 269, 194 1, 437, 442 759, 239 856, 385 516,437 14, 172, 808 28, 931 14, 201, 739 428 15, 000 629, 282 95. 908 40, 042 17, 128 35, 353 846, 751 846, 751 429 6, 748 1, 045, 856 153, 836 48, 511 119. 944 49, 946 1, 454, 964 2, 098 1,457,062 430 5, 652 625, 660 82, 803 31,795 118,002 27, 597 912,611 2, 179 914, 790 431 13, 054 1, 374, 472 167, 202 116, 551 27, 925 71,508 1, 798, 907 8, 882 1,807,789 432 50, 000 1, 907, 898 253,810 185,816 52, 943 127, 057 2, 593, 482 2, 593, 482 433 31, 983 2, 377, 061 371,393 146, 340 39. 586 116, 977 3,110, 371 3,110, 371 434 9, 898 2, 308, 965 312,490 190, 184 480, 857 87, 999 3, 455, 722 15, 772 3, 471,494 435 89, 015 10, 566, 019 1, 518, 016 514, 648 1, 376, 475 479, 249 14, 969, 423 99, 263 15, 068, 686 436 5,540 542, 913 55, 733 24, 682 40, 821 25, 950 714, 809 714,809 437 493 241,564 31,410 8, 793 67,218 12, 648 370, 740 3 0, 740 438 7, 703 351,830 32, 569 20, 108 53, 036 17, 037 488, 516 488, 516 439 15, 000 1, 335, 859 205, 378 74, 780 23. 594 64, 763 1,759, 264 990 1, 760, 254 440 3, 031 709, 885 133,112 43, 127 108, 223 14, 107 1, 058, 359 1, 058, 359 441 169 443, 074 85, 827 16, 367 126, 585 29, 025 731,286 40, 805 772, 091 442 3,023 365,613 46, 831 17, 373 33, 789 17, 440 499, 651 499, 651 443 2, 521 458, 112 48, 304 11,464 126, 303 20,819 680, 290 680, 290 444 51, 535 6, 117, 169 878, 852 297, 954 796, 906 277,460 8, 666, 508 57, 468 8, 723, 976 445 139, 852 8,189,980 l 1, 142, 592 : 315, 384 1, 052, 554 449, 028 11, 584, 468 69, 823 11, 654, 291 446 182, 807 16, 95' i 5 762 6 376 8 705 229 452 229 452 447 1,433 269, 089 1 30, 981 12, 802 34’, 946 15, 196 373, 470 373, 470 448 725 i 217, 779 1 27,614 1 13, 957 28, 747 12, 423 316, 060 1,016 317, 076 449 7,812 252, 861 42, 00C ) 3,631 7,487 13, 431 339, 702 339, 702 450 6,179 1 743, 327 ' 129, 512 1 10, 589 76, 671 37, 949 1, 040, 132 10,913 1, 051, 045 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration - ! Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10, 132 13, 523 12, 952 10, 693 10,813 279, 598 6,861 4,500 4, 033 3,100 4,319 49, 343 26, 942 5, 000 21, 156 12, 330 4, 830 368, 265 222, 255 234, 065 251,764 138, 953 160, 109 4, 227, 262 3, 676 5. 984 5,041 5, 854 2,972 96, 966 16, 134 25, 338 549 5,315 3, 823 248, 909 10, 880 7,219 11,000 5, 929 8,615 165, 370 3, 587 3,200 18, 967 575, 415 109, 977 714,139 9, 354, 656 45, 205 129, 983 515, 291 391, 280 10, 488 10, 970 6, 638 12, 864 10, 571 8,208 14,941 8, 113 14, 785 6, 532 10, 787 11,375 10, 462 31, 096 9,562 6,429 3,964 11,397 376. 233 8, 500 9, 690i 9,600 15, 050 8,800 14, 600 8, 850 11,300 18, 400 7,002 9, 292 8, 000 9, 400 75, 836 9, 600 4,700 8, 932 9, 650 464, 937 134, 045 148, 765 128, 700 158, 951 150,457 174,483 185, 024 110, 238 183, 600 99, 390 108, 033 141, 032 140, 549 892, 968 81,273 127, 500 82,914 190, 228 6,116, 506 8, 309 6,448 6, 981 7, 005 2,229 13, 027 9, 502 8, 706 11,423 5, 396 7,711 10, 906 11,354 37, 058 9, 727 6,546 9, 370 6, 672 336, 921 6,659 6,310 6,865 4,098 11,458 11,555 7, 011 3,842 8, 065 3, 500 4,270 12, 524 6, 983 24,481 4,677 5, 847 4,214 3, 084 255, 837 1,100 669 8, 928 502 3, 034 800 4,800 1,725 4,085 1,108 1,287 20, 698 3, 120 33, 369 3, 600 _ 4,700 3, 465 1,721 84, 989 71,908 29, 557 217, 410 116, 666 387, 036 5, 609, 163 116, 344 137, 377 97, 914 217,410 116, 666 387, 036 5, 609, 163 116, 344 137, 377 97,914 108, 201 121, 768 257, 614 3, 207, 162 104, 079 129, 248 84, 418 108, 201 121,768 257,614 3, 207, 162 104, 079 129, 248 84,418; 191, 942 155, 826 378, 366 4, 653, 700 117, 006 51, 676 238, 660 101, 498 16, 950 28,714 19, 937 13, 996 16, 374 95, 971 8, 937 14,850 20, 990 13,450 19, 686 77,913 42, 375 53, 828 35, 794 9, 825 47, 361 189, 183 312, 005 668, 409 555, 445 264, 932 526, 059 2, 326, 850 9, 040 28, 475 12, 939 3, 527 10, 821 4, 305 2, 996 4. 189 25, 838 15,918 37,510 31,612 18, 590 15, 700 119, 330 7,897 12, 623 8, 536 6, 734 14, 959 50, 749 8,049 58, 503 118, 668 28, 560 82, 579 1, 922, 791 20, 958 26, 082 90, 888 61, 374 12, 420 15, 148 12, 998 11,325 3,416 10, 042 15, 600 4, 705 5, 500 1 4, 333 260, 850 242, 666 195, 379 168, 175 4, 102 2,452 2,850 2, 029 10, 352 12,621 10, 328 10, 997 8, 120 5, 5461 6,812 4, 016| 3, 400 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 183 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction— Continued School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges 2,045 3, 805 24, 570 2,877 501 89, 905 288, 793 285,911 318,113 177, 945 188, 369 5, 264, 987 Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost 1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 37, 561 39, 984 30, 801 29. 328 23, 332 734, 523 10, 067 22, 705 8,103 12, 862 12, 159 202, 747 45, 101 78, 048 47,657 19. 431 31,448 676, 642 17,286 17,293 19,258 9,289 9, 537 288, 661 408, 940 457,464 436,884 259, 548 275, 658 [ 447, 158 68 10, 881 1,774 55 230 44,886 409,008 452 468,345 453 438,6581 454 259,603 455 275,888 456 7,492,044 457 92, 156 11, 352, 687 1, 450, 837 554, 947 2, 216, 240 568,964 16,719,090 88,163 16,807,253 458 1,434 2,641 2,252 3, 640 2, 248 1,347 1,444 627 562 5, 867 1,827 279 1,024 6,708 60, 256 157,513 172,647 155, 887 196, 953 176,584 216,415 214,768 134, 886 226, 288 118, 457 134,018 173, 570 173,255 1,090,277 110, 704 149, 572 109,919 218, 063 7,422,911 22, 299 20, 234 22,215 27, 524 18, 247 15, 303 32, 429 19, 304 33, 204 17,539] 20, 786 22,096! 17,492 133,270 13.774 24,427 18, 073] 23, 997 948, 624 1 12,421 6,885 10. 186 15, 564 8, 748 6,352 15, 005 12,250 11, 128 14, 662 6,973 21,209 7,719 19, 592 5, 492 6,603 3, 622 7,686 362, 850 31, 504 19, 757 28, 274 30. 297 44. 986 26, 089 117,948 15, 363 14, 788 22,717 56, 097 30, 789 41,048 93, 348 45, 028 36, 242 53, 691 59, 194 1, 449, 080 9,485 9, 647 8, 265 10, 241 1 9,812 11,842 8, 580 13, 644 5, 565 8, 949 11,433 8,457 58. 403 5, 784 5. 101 11,741 372, 015 243,7101 _ 240, 140 _ 231,465 165 293,443 103 268,948 6,348 272,367] 10,602 406, 933 _ 198, 496 _ 313,837] 262 185, 472 _ 237,610| _ 270, 472 _ 258,433] _ 1,425, 986 _ 190,344; 13,038 223,273 _ 194,370 _ 332, 078 _ 10,931,713 57,645 243, 240, 231, 293, 275, 282, 406, 198, 314, 185, 237, 270, 258, 1,425, 203, 223, 194, 332, 10, 989, 710 459 140 460 630, 461 546! 462 2961 463 969 464 933 465 496 466 099 467 472 468 610 469 472 470 433 471 986 472 382 473 273 474 370 475 078 476 358 477 34,495 6,498,995 979, 709 405, 407 143, 612 451, 244 8, 696, 377 108, 356 8,804,733 34. 495 — - i 6, 498, 995 979, 709 405, 407 143,612 451,244 8,696,377 108, 356 8,804,733 19, 070 3, 923, 359 642, 672 313, 688 129, 344 145, 474 5, 262, 738 98, 603 5, 361, 341 19, 070 3,923,359 642, 672 313, 688 129, 344 145, 474 5, 262, 738 98, 603 5,361,341 39, 028 5, 736, 360 897, 888 353,752 87,050 234, 802 7, 501, 794 93, 068 7,594,862 3,013 402,712 73,519 20, 746 5, 559 7,400 526, 886 ] 16, 888 543,774 6,671 833, 187 131. 138 45, 033 12,280 38,316 1, 088, 668 12,916 | 1,101,584 2,665 672,286 104, 209 63, 992 16. 303 27, 260 903, 987 16,730 920,717] 2,340 318, 867 49, 575 25, 903 4,216 12,895 425, 452 _ 425, 452 5, 125 641, 128 90, 503 21,202 5, 167 31,530 805, 904 805, 904 19,814 2, 868, 180 448, 944 176,876 43, 525 117,401 3,750,897 46, 534 3,797,431 15, 501 2, 248, 733 371, 547 129, 436 92, 512 122, 070 3, 082, 966 26, 858 3, 109, 824 2,023 304, 463 63,471 33, 362 13, 489 14, 791 441, 996 441,996 2, 261 280, 293 39, 893 12, 535 6,836 12, 688 367, 393 4, 117 371,510) 2,227 226, 496 36. 525 7,218 11, 115 9,716 304, 068 5, 598 309, 666 669 190,219 25,315 2,676 1,577 9, 103 1 240, 215 240,2151 487 509375 0-59-13 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 904 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16,015 11,206 39, 556 5, 582 19, 000 5,915 27, 526 264, 557 150, 234 640, 930 9, 398 1,174 6,986 5, 955 9, 448 6,846 30, 296 8, 242 8, 180 20, 458 9, 520 8, 694 233, 811 14, 186 181, 047 2, 741, 658 20, 514 18, 967 134, 970 71, 669 8, 565 11,691 9, 169 13, 743 14,835 8, 800 167, 008 5, 341 4,499 3,733 13, 870 19, 285 5, 000 129, 319 132, 161 121,046 101,576 198, 304 155,844 74,400 1, 958, 327 3,146 1,381 111 108 1,424 2,395 5, 670 7,420 6,486 7, 379 6,043 5, 565 96, 407 4,654 2, 148 2, 524 5,106 3, 745 2,300 51, 192 2,715 4,053 10, 133 14, 653 13, 548 65, 242 39, 384 118, 752 1, 773, 194 26, 815 20, 998 78, 988 16, 142 41,590 23, 652 39, 384 63, 294 55, 458 1, 116,715 656,479 13, 500 13,315 13, 550 7,448 53, 818 25, 170 10, 124 6, 018 45, 989 39, 138 65, 812 1, 613, 245 13, 350 25, 347 52, 601 53, 092 12, 046 18,613 15, 330 12, 000 14, 092 13, 046 25, 600 18,275 21,937 448, 000 627,497 537, 748 4,250 4,650 4,450 10, 000 6, 898 8, 449 20, 374 14,693 17, 534 26,791 8, 604 17, 697 95, 536 27, 000 76, 856 1, 185, 874 10, 182 14, 025 49,148 20, 601 14, 045 8, 986 21, 523 19, 137 31,845 5, 000 13, 853 5, 384 27, 000 25,619 224, 131 175, 779 113, 120 277, 553 395, 291 3, 116 3, 672 12, 788 3, 172 8,091 8,714 16, 383 3, 750 1,800 3,800 4,675 1,933 4, 152 7,649 6,867 18, 000 9, 000 3, 394 15, 310 9, 920 230, 065 8, 883 1, 831 5, 568 9, 742 5, 300 4,620 136, 054 94,011 5, 843 3, 040 1,720 111 2, 891, 396 1,100, 003 5,439, 236 74, 903, 160 1, 278, 210 2, 338, 183 2, 206, 776 1, 192, 065 242, 591 107, 308 523, 168 986, 553 329, 153 310, 100 279,970 112,553 77, 703 47,540 224, 939 349, 779 108, 128 72, 808 150, 732 68, 374 440, 558 237, 578 934, 951 1,818, 426 607, 886 534, 423 603, 837 261,577 8, 376, 107 3,481,945 12,217, 149 20, 590, 120 9, 227, 634 8, 929, 702 7, 139, 220 4,941,283 74, 535 143,716 389, 733 487,331 90, 000 222,517 89, 851 476,014 792,401 222, 222 141,800 269, 832 123, 546 364, 968 89, 559 364,614 411,296 249,415 380, 935 220, 329 125, 660 100, 466 83, 865 198, 634 355, 066 184, 103 129, 785 77,857 62, 289 76, 395 16, 500 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 185 public-school systems: 1955—56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— i Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2,399 324, 581 52, 389 25, 739 23, 806 32, 523 475, 053 8, 190 483, 243 492 755 173, 104 30, 105 4,761 4,851 2,559 226, 586 226, 586 493 5, 167 749, 577 123, 849 43, 145 30, 838 40, 690 1,027,655 8, 953 1, 036, 608 494 34, 325 3, 217, 336 430, 093 208, 172 91, 712 156, 184 4, 337, 308 44,804 4, 382, 112 495 1,637 153, 990 22, 348 3,174 2,190 7,368 197, 635 6, 687 204, 322 496 1, 168 136, 392 22, 690 7,219 1,947 5, 209 185, 148 185, 148 497 681 115, 108 14,313 9, 562 2,926 5, 921 156, 999 4,714 161,713 498 686 229, 484 27, 832 20, 339 7,534 11,407 310, 339 1,274 311,613 499 2, 235 193, 600 26, 201 10, 034 9, 606 7, 945 262, 221 126 262, 347 500 3, 400 90, 665 9, 500 9, 150 2,000 6,774 126, 889 126, 889 501 24, 518 2, 298, 097 307, 209 148, 694 65, 509 111,560 3, 098, 077 32, 003 3, 130, 080 502 19, 756 2, 094, 029 375, 756 94, 156 135, 895 75, 991 2, 841, 069 2, 841, 069 503 15, 572 1, 325, 957 232, 197 69, 172 123, 950 60, 479 1, 853, 345 1, 853, 345 504 4, 184 768, 072 143, 559 24, 984 11,945 15,512 987, 724 987, 724 505 10, 736 1, 873, 321 323, 414 88, 327 1,487 77, 102 2, 409, 640 2,409,640 506 4, 598 551,613 89, 001 46, 650 83 33, 532 732, 925 732, 925 507 2, 559 697, 268 126, 609 12, 235 908 17, 869 873, 502 873, 502 508 3, 579 624, 440 107, 804 29, 442 496 25, 701 803, 213 803, 213 509 14, 925 1, 398, 611 202, 045 83, 482 20, 252 68, 780 1, 868, 706 150 1, 868, 856 510 4, 112 249, 147 34, 626 21,208 71 24, 078 343, 175 343, 175 511 1,735 203, 894 26, 677 15, 783 10,277 9, 985 275, 602 100 275, 702 512 1,403 133, 950 20, 394 6, 395 1,292 822 184, 376 184,376 513 2,700 345,416 53, 000 12,269 1,861 10, 968 442,651 442,651 514 4, 975 466, 204 67, 348 27,827 6,751 22, 927 622, 902 50 622, 952 515 2, 493 253, 192 38, 782 6, 315 2, 167 6, 936 322, 702 6, 285 328, 987 516 1,046 149, 963 22,610 3, 111 616 6, 936 188, 804 600 189, 404 517 1,447 103, 229 16, 172 3, 204 1,551 133, 898 5, 685 139, 583 518 446, 142 88, 903, 775 14, 725, 780 5, 986, 378 3, 817, 965 7, 612, 714 123, 938, 008 2, 511, 860 126, 449, 868 519 38,213 9, 695, 067 1,432,310 917,950 737,419 24, 695 13, 050, 032 13, 050, 032 520 28, 674 4, 202, 728 635, 051 333,613 196, 335 23, 386 5,498, 421 26, 475 5, 524, 896 521 82, 991 14, 889, 025 2,514,949 869, 384 670, 826 1, 518, 829 20, 986, 181 596, 267 21,582,448 522 140, 191 24, 944, 610 4,667,422 1,952,914 899,315 3, 089, 501 36, 540, 315 660, 746 37,201,061 523 64, 789 10,754,177 1, 759, 754 352, 072 332, 635 1, 020, 300 14, 548, 091 136, 782 14, 684, 873 524 9, 726 10,199,179 1,393,379 727,911 625, 867 985, 264 14,241,700 193, 228 14, 434, 928 525 62, 086 8, 600, 288 1,423, 941 463, 257 197, 043 950, 739 11,915,238 345, 946 12,261, 184 526 19, 472 5,618,701 898, 974 369, 277 158, 525 7, 158, 030 552, 416 7,710, 446 527 509375 0-59-14 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 2NNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff i Clerks 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 618,004 2, 098, 064 35, 775, 691 732, 162 849, 542 1,313,804 | 725, 559 46,673 39, 139 214,412 51, 560 53, 563 70, 733 93, 696 91,887 84, 022 52, 777 64, 829 38, 010 50, 685 56, 657 85, 181 39,413 43, 886 100, 088 34, 660 25, 525 94, 988 84, 737 45,316 123, 222 35. ??0 5, 490 52, 643 18, 000 25, 800 26,011 38, 000 24, 518 41,643 49. 867 32, 450 30, 335 29, 040 11,975 36, 440 5, 070 57, 147 12, 022 5, 800 50, 100 23, 298 29, 893 12, 462 68, 525 82, 358 105, 600 78, 800 77, 786 63, 940 92, 400 112,500 91,267 39, 921 108, 801 124,378 81,972 26. 565 78, 000 54, 752 51,365 109, 709 84, 000 65, 584 109, 402 162, 284 48, 601 137, 554 42, 000 947, 683 1,041,710 2,631,216 1. 119. 901 1, 069, 367 1,116,098 2,104,497 1.969. 901 1,493, 326 1,321,777 1,455,772 1,749, 540 1, 106, 141 1, 032, 769 1,873,012 1, 088, 732 930, 882 1,811,581 1,024,211 786, 328 1, 625, 346 2, 434, 227 1,026, 826 1, 943, 298 1,071,550 1,193,077 264,897 1,150,160 23,806,438 36, 486 23, 642 27, 573 22, 384 17,986 23,918 39, 053 24. 885 29, 722 21,221 26, 136 34,678 31,337 26, 080 28, 081 20, 664 759, 231 11,508 f 310 5, 554 1,030,937 35, 331 20, 177 14,643 18,781 19,354 7* 719 ll, 891 18,250 5,029 22, 170 4,889 19.838 5, 500 15,528 168,571 35, 037 37, 768 28, 491 44, 183 6,738 30,810 35, 650 27,433 19,945 11,933 13, 975 39, 923 12, 000 6,458 33, 708 34, 188 731,920 170,275! 1,039,758 27, 263 5,090 500 56, 956 28, 500 14, 234 5,366 14,077 20, 588 9,000 11,600 560, 048 628, 830 510, 878 760, 316 430, 671 580, 423 679, 882 467, 132 490, 248 407,608 491,458 471,660 579, 667 559,112 531,589 507,365 15,149, 551 16,491,595 668,413 237, 734 239, 860 314,937 291,323 335, 798 183,733 182,821 7, 521 3,454 99, 484 15,250 16, 290 27, 290 31,915 80, 106 53, 140 7,500 19, 573 45, 283 5, 341 13, 845 9,810 47,888 70, 146 9,918 25, 645 51, 554 21, 155 14, 736 27,318 28, 000 153, 461 11,238 4, 169 4,890 12,657 4,755 3,267 4,600 10,228 97,657 142, 225 9,000 16,297 12,542 10, 058 26, 869 87, 947 30, 517 39, 222 13, 300 66.771 48, 438 61,700 30, 942 47, 040 27,433 18, 427 25, 768 48. 506 17, 527 11, 140 5, 952 7,451 11,100 83.772 20, 652 12, 308 84, 296 12, 406 353,482 9,008 10, 449 10, 070 14,911 2,113 7,041 21,507 7,688 6.700 4,706 5,974 13,786 2,378 3,068 3.701 5,439 224, 943 277, 860 13, 986 260 1,645 1,917 9,412 6,357 13. 537 25, 539 703 158, 267 38, 446 60,818 59, 230 123,912 57, 584 80, 534 34, 636 78, 480 50, 381 38, 988 40,513 60, 902 18, 110 23, 834 69, 357 29, 394 15, 131 70, 667 42,941 23, 155 81, 122 31, 160 698, 066 19,518 12, 500 13, 130 13, 373 6, 997 21,025 23,114 15, 435 23, 888 5,987 12,798 27,434 10, 074 18. 368 11,132 19, 069 444, 224 644,772 32, 601 10, 646 17,116 6, 275 8,242 4,114 5. 824 24, 045 30, 396 54,715 25, 929 11,411 27,436 52, 796 31, 086 25, 053 20, 688 66,479 24, 426 25, 037 16,013 39, 040 12, 183 31,472 17,545 17, 074 66, 983 27, 388 60, 288 18, 076 441,350 14, 620 13,419 9,218 13. 670 7,914 12. 671 10, 355 6,021 11,283 10, 339 6, 929 15,926 6,672 12, 493 8,961 280, 859 393,913 56, 567 6, 690 10, 539 5,132 7,741 6,064 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 187 public-school systems: 1955— 56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction- -Continued Amount of cur¬ Total School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 296, 236 42, 409, 062 6, 975, 825 3, 301, 365 4, 131, 139 2, 480, 052 61, 018, 322 737, 416 61, 755, 738 528 5,102 1,093, 963 150, 840 87, 890 18,419 120, 113 1,517,898 10, 252 1, 528, 150 529 3,454 1,241,587 177,882 137,451 145, 537 6,204 1, 747, 800 2, 403 1, 750, 203 530 20, 755 3, 175, 984 704, 084 119, 808 253, 957 355, 974 4,824,219 107, 707 4, 931, 926 531 5, 513 1,340,156 191,363 118, 059 50, 775 166, 844 1,918,757 3,508 1, 922, 265 532 1,274,894 223, 985 181,219 122, 341 138, 397 1, 994, 399 2,080 1, 996, 479 533 23, 794 14, 206 11, 186 1,357,099 2, 524, 497 2,335,319 284, 742 527, 933 342, 560 75, 878 152, 002 89, 933 79, 584 504, 654 58, 729 227, 810 1, 868, 036 3, 802, 782 3, 146, 238 50, 589 1, 868, 036 3, 802, 782 3, 196, 827 534 535 536 10, 348 1,857,011 310, 164 386, 242 97, 950 194, 540 2, 929, 929 43, 693 2, 973, 622 537 2,812 1, 508, 143 249, 009 85, 449 187, 877 173, 263 2,256,518 7,868 2, 264, 386 538 10, 514 1,819,109 286, 093 106, 242 96, 940 21,612 2, 394, 825 19,415 2,414, 240 539 2,051,776 225, 870 96, 231 390, 333 240, 919 3, 043, 139 24, 123 3, 067, 262 540 6,017 1, 310, 963 190,619 68, 964 193, 768 12,294 1, 827, 293 3, 289 1,830, 582 541 20, 676 1,174,279 152,447 84, 968 41,038 17,322 1,526,711 1, 190 1,527,901 542 7,460 2,157,205 385, 493 101,753 584, 116 3,313,748 19, 639 3, 333, 387 543 4, 943 1,211, 127 179, 923 113, 333 25, 804 117,086 1,686,686 444 1,687, 130 544 3, 992 1, 069, 101 175,813 44, 555 150, 977 2,922 1,487,254 103, 584 1, 590, 838 545 26, 727 2, 182, 091 406, 478 136,841 444, 203 69, 850 3, 339, 551 182, 193 3, 521, 744 546 6, 789 1,191,330 152, 970 102, 191 32, 299 4,664 1,518,114 4,718 1,522,832 547 7,839 934, 501 164, 329 83, 005 37, 032 102,310 1,346,702 11,218 1,357,920 548 36, 150 1, 976, 891 203, 375 354, 262 91,565 21,629 2,742,710 95, 928 2, 838, 638 549 31,418 2, 829, 760 437, 458 228, 601 107, 979 234, 526 3, 923,061 16, 947 3, 940, 008 550 3,198 1,179, 510 188,916 72, 955 64, 806 1,551,503 17, 803 1,569, 306 551 11,296 2, 375, 065 401,688 201,821 213,317 68, 644 3, 383, 757 8, 825 3, 392, 582 552 22, 047 1,237,701 261,791 71,712 137, 139 183, 129 1,926, 692 1, 926, 692 553 131, 291 26, 999, 145 4, 404, 375 1, 416, 607 2, 218, 607 1, 274, 796 37, 506, 607 281, 853 37, 788, 460 554 1,294 662,271 107, 265 29, 312 117, 277 74, 635 1, 027, 246 6, 299 1, 033, 545 555 2,700 711,976 123,917 44, 954 31, 050 5, 423 940, 962 4,916 945, 878 556 1,386 573, 173 97, 160 19, 077 42, 592 58, 136 817,711 817,711 557 1,587 857, 763 127, 359 33, 948 91,289 4, 152 1, 136,895 2,228 1, 139, 123 558 1,959 461, 282 71,652 11,582 25, 898 5, 041 593, 441 43, 361 636, 802 559 3,776 660, 775 111,833 26, 588 65, 098 71,113 959, 325 3, 997 963, 322 560 5, 247 810, 582 164, 149 55, 088 52, 886 92, 471 1,214, 229 21,910 1,236, 139 561 6,982 540, 335 83, 230 21,318 13, 905 3, 631 687, 304 96 687, 400 562 2,825 558, 156 95, 703 9, 871 55, 869 7,715 757, 036 757, 036 563 6, 803 447, 376 59, 751 25, 336 50, 804 3, 164 607, 652 4,933 612, 585 564 2, 543 538, 277 88, 444 21,472 8, 565 1,827 684, 721 7, 195 691,916 565 3, 305 602, 100 122, 402 32, 437 43,515 61,958 897, 090 5, 972 903, 062 566 897 605, 016 112,182 95, 160 17, 172 2, 829 863, 696 863, 696 567 2, 891 602, 069 78, 459 24, 829 28, 009 4, 871 764, 317 1,585 765, 902 568 1,016 609, 167 84, 771 10, 686 51, 204 60, 128 844, 037 844, 037 569 2, 531 577, 553 73,314 53, 472 111,633 6, 468 843, 104 843, 104 570 83, 549 i 17,181,274 2, 802, 784 901,477 1,411,841 811,234 23, 867,841 179, 361 24, 047, 202 571 84, 915 » 19,245,313 3, 394, 872 1, 092, 300 2, 092, 635 714, 736 27, 570, 793 145, 409 27, 716, 202 572 4, 184 l 868, 970 l 161,222 38, 285 42, 561 38, 768 1, 185, 137 970 1, 186, 107 573 3, 255 1 286, 050 i 54, 466 11,621 34, 726 5,111 412,151 2, 665 414,816 574 3,102 1 281,268 ; 33, 744 6,612 95, 481 6, 877 438, 625 438, 625 575 82C 1 350, 695 i 55, 254 13. 438 48, 051 32, 268 518, 487 518, 487 576 32' i 326, 544 ■ 69, 572 26, 907 31,351 2, 578 476, 306 476, 306 577 63f 387, 226 i 223, 562 i 62, 652 ! 30, 183 21,971 25, 080 8, 485 I 34, 335 38, 096 2, 247 539, 149 331, 298 8,441 547, 590 331,298 578 579 1 4, 36( ) 210, 66$ 1 35,810 7,502 ! 36, 191 2, 162 310, 584 16, 406 326, 990 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools ^minis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 18, 883 20, 147 17,207 18,929 10, 275 12,209 11,527 23, 494 28, 235 11,257 20,811 18, 766 656,051 5,433 5,353 5,396 4,883 108,357 20, 839 6,958 28, 620 6,475 13, 460 26, 544 10,700 25, 336 27, 354 17,590 19, 297 14, 600 661,664 239, 995 277,131 483,636 250, 601 197,761 274, 005 180, 794 254, 082 654,797 168,391 317,487 243, 645 10, 494,651 3,289 9,889 4, 700 3,779 5, 400 90, 507 2,200 2,075 1,470 2,995 15, 025 2,080 12,058 2,845 176,820 13,111 22, 483 24, 709 5,521 28, 131 9,795 7,124 19,810 5,381 9,595 3,985 410, 309 20, 312 529,918 11,879 11,633 25,742 13,484 13,444 10,912 10,717 14,459 12,787 12,649 8,608 10,715 14,885 12, 364 15, 424 12,848 8,288 13, 397 19, 190 12,218 17,789 24, 674 13,215 579,981 7,500 6.299 5, 500 5,450 13,570 17,554 5.300 4,400 4,400 11,625 15,113 12.812 52, 022 75, 849 106,672 27, 176 27,221 25, 607 26, 668 78, 231 34, 200 44,031 57, 637 33, 486 4,742 5,000 14,409 5,330 10, 400 8,400 6,000 6,771 4,956 10, 000 4, 500 10, 000 16, 194 11,000 12,900 334, 256 195, 803 86, 975 108, 828 105, 492 19,676 29, 929 29, 514 26, 373 11, 060, 477 14, 525 108, 257 511, 813 214, 169, 141, 222, 271, 136, 65, 101, 212, 185, 177, 94, 173, 136, 137, 194, 142, 107, 168, 172, 166, 271, 225, 195, 6,976, 2,182 6,100 5,654 2,200 18,219 9,411 4,036 10, 846 5, 936 10, 343 2,724 5, 363 1,850 1,800 1,400 1,470 7,249 2,606,691 1,026,741 1,579, 950 1, 716, 021 544, 822 389, 096 353, 098 429, 005 1,000 1,‘‘‘ 9, 162 4,000 3,267 68, 285 4,933 3,700 1 , 233 18,902 12,232 6,670 29, 663 7,916 8,081 6,250 7,416 13,306 10, 326 12,282 3,918 5, 541 7,517 4,152 12,857 3,956 2,481 10,458 3,000 6,735 4,537 16,649 9,747 322, 836 89, 234 34, 980 54, 254 84, 019 24, 973 23,316 14,725 21,005 8,414 1,913 5,792 2,744 18, 939 3,702 3,286 5,718 250, 672 167, 294 4,341 5,957 4,711 4,354 1,286 7,439 530 3,216 3,242 4,102 1,870 2,643 1, 4, 552 5, ““ 2,647 105, 524 43, 944 23, 598 20, 346 40,728 16,251 7,598 6,697 10, 182 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 189 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,064 275, 009 39, 994 11,497 29, 290 800 375, 473 1,132 376, 605 581 315, 294 53, 045 23, 136 21,115 4, 173 436, 910 24 436, 934 582 993 547, 847 84, 628 20, 062 28, 602 782 699, 128 2, 781 701,909 583 298 271,309 35,216 13, 899 21,974 10, 066 371,393 371,393 584 865 220, 899 51,267 30, 459 20. 401 333, 301 5,176 338, 477 585 334 534 78 011 63 618 41,072 2. 282 531, 726 531, 726 586 1,468 210; 019 36; 316 14; 749 32, 297 304, 908 8, 594 313, 502 587 1,767 299, 401 70, 254 9, 362 56, 075 2, 595 461, 181 461, 181 588 5, 516 741,441 139, 446 16, 487 70, 576 78, 781 1,074, 966 1, 074, 966 589 1,382 203, 922 27, 123 18, 884 29,617 290, 803 1,219 292, 022 590 366, 606 80, 059 11, 191 76,355 555, 022 4, 500 559, 522 591 838 277,031 36i 237 12; 440 2,403 32,318 379, 195 968 380, 163 592 54, 037 12, 247, 017 2, 160, 373 695, 100 1,331,677 454, 832 17, 545, 050 92, 533 17, 637, 583 593 10G, 730 12, 519, 326 2, 090, 620 912, 242 1,985,457 159, 171 18, 586, 298 79, 124 18, 665, 422 594 3,177 241,796 28, 858 28, 204 50, 290 3, 120 370, 448 370, 448 595 1,227 185,139 22, 232 8, 181 20, 103 498 248, 032 248, 032 596 1,092 158,514 20, 773 20, 096 30, 764 241, 780 241, 780 597 4,224 262, 879 55, 837 12,270 39, 628 29, 090 425, 446 425, 446 598 3,919 309, 624 51, 509 11,043 37, 508 2, 430 425, 598 573 426, 171 599 6,851 165, 548 26, 609 9, 288 41,681 256, 570 256, 570 600 652 74,414 22, 389 3, 862 14, 483 778 126, 838 126, 838 601 511 114, 228 29, 176 9, 066 16, 597 574 180, 358 24, 885 205, 243 602 2,461 239, 578 44, 162 9, 081 65, 759 1,528 374, 567 167 374, 734 603 622 230, 366 40, 855 6,853 17,949 308, 810 308, 810 604 853 190, 987 24, 034 6,969 33, 257 2, 164 270, 060 270, 060 605 799 99, 167 14, 658 7,554 4,885 200 135, 072 135, 072 606 639 186, 550 44, 828 27, 903 9,212 2,698 281,906 281, 906 507 785 158, 760 17,890 9,617 10, 397 1,418 212,967 212,967 608 154,412 25, 040 15, 808 20, 148 227, 772 227, 772 609 1,872 219, 461 43, 362 65, 364 42, 596 386, 207 386, 207 610 450 156,750 18, 279 5, 565 29, 896 223, 338 223, 338 611 997 125, 684 19,901 1,319 28, 777 183, 969 183, 969 612 1,528 190, 737 25, 684 7,260 30, 309 460 267, 847 267,847 613 1,500 183,991 37, 477 9, 448 28, 426 2,447 280, 979 280, 979 614 2,716 192,714 24, 277 9, 353 39, 898 278, 460 278, 460 615 444 297, 265 55, 840 21,723 36, 592 3, 084 432, 293 244 432, 537 616 281 257, 598 36, 153 12, 725 59, 096 5, 550 395, 796 3,148 398, 944 617 1,808 226, 359 42, 098 18, 276 24, 841 2, 732 327, 521 198 327,719 618 67, 322 7, 896, 805 1,318, 699 575,414 1, 252, 365 100, 400 11,723,664 49, 909 11,773, 573 619 41, 133 3, 073, 938 402, 136 168, 299 205, 333 120, 861 4, 098, 438 28, 779 4, 127, 217 620 16, 433 1, 235, 159 167,651 42, 857 55, 203 55, 682 1, 608, 574 7,194 1,615, 768 621 24, 700 1,838,779 234, 485 125, 442 150, 130 65, 179 2, 489, 864 21,585 2,511.449 622 29, 609 2, 068, 102 417, 049 84, 007 77, 940 58, 231 2, 812, 001 4,020 2, 816, 021 623 18, 136 665, 260 134,419 21,663 25, 776 28, 032 902, 326 902, 326 624 1,423 467, 885 103,014 17, 389 28, 681 15, 641 659, 831 3,015 662, 846 625 2,648 417,932 75, 354 23, 953 3, 998 546, 844 546, 844 626 7,402 517,025 104, 262 21,002 19, 485 14, 558 703, 000 1,005 704, 005 627 190 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city City by region, State, and group NORTH CEN¬ TRAL— Con. SOUTH DAK0TA- Continued 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 Group IV Brookings _ Hot Springs _ Lead _ Madison _ Yankton _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group V Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks Supplies and other expenses 114, 328 21,668 9,997 18, 827 12,010 19,161 32,665 _ 5,314 3,796 1.518 129,162 Belle Fourche Canton _ ... Dead wood Mobridge _ Redfield _ Sisseton _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). WISCONSIN Group l__. 643 Milwaukee _ 11,208 7.650 11,952 11,867 10,890 11,014 64. 581 93, 807 14,753 12. 100 17,602 22, 550 26. 802 1, 356,416 232, 117 102,082 242, 096 159,871 232, 703 387, 547 81, 660 11,600 3.600 8.500 4.500 4.600 8, 030 40. 830 1, 369, 526 152,346 96, 196 108,628 122, 033 104,051 101,509 684, 763 5,320 1,520 681,857 222, 262 1 868,952 15,413,082 681,857 222,262 868,952 15,413,082 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 Group II 1,023,904 499,538 1,411,109 Appleton _ Beloit _ Eau Claire _ | Fond du Lac _ Green Bay _ Kenosha _ La Crosse _ Madison _ Manitowac _ Oshkosh _ Racine _ Sheboygan _ Superior _ Wausau _ Wauwatosa _ West Allis _ Group III Ashland _ Janesville _ Marinette _ Marshfield _ Menasha _ Neenah _ Shorewood _ South Milwaukee. Stevens Point _ Two Rivers _ Waukesha _ Wisconsin Rapids. Other cities (esti¬ mated). 52, 029 47, 035 42, 764 26, 857 72, 270 93, 409 46, 983 147,070 47. 690 41.151 70.512 55.419 52,811 43,450 97,833 86,621 418, 976 27, 456 28,129 14,853 19,607 20, 389 27. 907 48, 949 24, 962 13,416 15,250 37,630 17, 200 123.228 51,751 28. 165 39. 200 6,500 5,778 54, 887 17,598 57,946 11,612 32,512 54.851 18. 766 26, 100 23, 908 32. 500 37,464 211,483 16,918 45. 194 11,867 6,008 6,050 6,187 6,700 8,812 16,999 19, 558 4,989 62,201 305,678 24. 040 50, 392 6,447 14.758 6.900 6.765 32,900 29, 306 11,337 6,600 19,428 6.900 89, 905 22, 942, 873 1,110, 1.235, 1.111, 890, 1.526, 1.877. 1,290, 3.089, 791, 1,231, 2.108, 1.309, 959, 915, 1.495. 1.999, 8, 167, 359 375, 999 885, 103 336, 842 364, 642 330, 778 460, 173 681,596 453, 396 337, 748 252, 050 889. 486 397, 380 2, 402, 166 100, 281 100, 281 329,935 22, 428 14,221 87, 306 4,184 11, 210 5,441 2,566 3.203 7, 290 2,400 1,245 3,645 629, 188 629, 188 715, 639 40,415 42,779 15. 107 25, 071 44, 378 66,975 10, 925 128,437 25, 820 31,524 63. 297 52,899 17,050 20,813 74. 809 55, 340 191,186 3,423 27. 552 10,349 7,998 7,499 5, 797 26, 424 9,817 5,596 4,935 19, 148 6,417 56. 231 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 92, 545 9,397 4,916 16,295 13, 990 21,504 26,441 101, 144 15, 347 11,603 6,793 5,231 9,295 2,303 50, 572 320, 953 320, 953 935,123 55, 151 39, 694 46, 229 28, 854 47,592 84, 608 57,630 129, 547 48, 457 57, 566 108, 240 71,287 33. 329 45. 463 24, 682 56. 794 440, 112 22,113 52, 735 9,492 23, 442 26. 382 21,412 31,067 31,520 15,270 13. 047 45,417 18,770 129,445 28, 024 4,900 2,738 5,170 2,849 4,360 8,007 33,016 2,512 2,764 2, 530 3,252 1,858 3,592 16. 508 40, 401 40, 401 256, 362 218 11,171 21,772 25, 157 31,812 29, 891 17,223 31,942 11,281 28, 940 5, 26,316 14,758 110, 958 8,709 9,766 5,750 2,361 3,625 4,310 2, 2,402 4.537 27,391 6, 588 32, 635 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 191 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not alio- , cable to pupil cost1 ' Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction 1 School library { supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts ,0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10, 870 1, 603, 504 290, 541 153,154 41,863 54, 030 2,257, 420 15,165 2, 272, 585 628 4, 201J 274, 605 53, 602 5. 545 8. 160, 8.318 371,898 371,898 629 232 122, 068 21,369 8, 140 3,4531 165, 027 5. 902 170, 929 1 630 564 288,093! 52,045 17,719 1,842 12, 911 391,437 4,930 396, 367 631 526 177,236| 32. 340 44. 853 12. 993 4, 399 283,831 - . 283, 831 | 632 2,241 283,3581 48. 173 33, 139 3,454 12. 965 400, 250 _ 400, 250 633 3, 106 458, 144 83,012 43, 758 11, 961 J 15, 437 644, 977 4, 333 649, 310 634 19, 794 1, 612, 430 302, 858 81, 928 134, 398 57, 216 j 2, 317, 992 2,192 2, 320, 184 635 2,316 186, 521 37. 024 7,525 19,21ll 6, 627 268, 116 801 268,917 636 4, 380 118, 543 24. 824 8. 428 13, 242 4. 348| 177, 035 245 177,280 637 816 128,512! 20. 780 10. 750i 7,2661 4,405 183, 665 183, 665 638 780: 135,796 23, 762 4. 507 475 4, 593 181,000 181,000 639 _ 119, 804 25, 177 1,486 18. 403 4, 736 180, 496! 50 180, 546 640 1,605 117,0391 19, 862 8, 268 8. 602 3, 899 168, 684 168, 684 641 9, 897 806,215: - 151,429 40, 964 67, 199 28. 608 1, 158, 996 1,096 1. 160, 092 642 114, 664 17, 709, 783 2, 483, 026 2, 176, 594 1, 903, 573 1, 826 24, 956, 659 532, 812 25,489,471 114, 664 17, 709, 783 1 2, 483. 026 2. 176, 594 1, 903, 573 1,826 24,956,659 532,812 25, 489, 471 1 643 220, 479 27, 311, 058 4, 514, 126 ! 2, 231, 237 1, 554, 043 398, 974 37, 033, 342 309,293 37,342,635 644 11,443 1,347,932 211,179 124, 105 48,836 43. 466 1,827,547 ! . 1,827.547 645 14,859 1.502.923 199,454 68. 703 86.213 928 1. 905, 256 40, 700 1, 945, 956' 646 34, 678 1.332.6271 197,757 108.737 101,356 20, 040 1, 803, 281 1,803,281: 647 5,311 1,055,949 213. 552 64. 007 7. 605 1, 367, 970 1,367,970 648 15, 769 ! 1,776,843 321,338 145.816 115,708 22, 587 2, 454, 562 2,454, 562 649 4, 890 1 2,257,172 405, 102 179, 185 146, 112 85. 899 3, 166, 879 51,231 3,218,110 650 16, 436 1,509.515 296. 863 85. 981 81,939 6,067 ! 2, 027, 348 2, 027, 348 651 26.717 3, 728, 356 516,442 294,456 346, 505 43,411 ! 5, 076, 240 64. 904 5. 141, 144 652 8,612 951,669 180, 832 109, 307 21,281 23. 820 i 1,334,599 210 1. 334, 809 653 12,812 1.441,423 254. 622 91.278 76. 957 23, 821 ! 1. 929, 252 54, 364 1,983.616 654 25. 320 2. 512, 804 452.366! 222,101 67, 292 14, 826 ; 3, 339, 901 3. 339, 901 655 5,223 1 1. 585, 191 241,262! 97,061 48, 805 21,638 2. 049, 376 2,049, 376! 656 7,116 1,131.990 239,374! 165.872 50, 708 12,892 1. 653. 647 1,653, 647 657 5. 586 1 1,091,324 167, 461 77. 506 88. 169 15,020 1,482,930 1,482.930 658 8.498 l 1,802,555 257,652 136.443 156, 596 22, 503 2. 473, 582 139 2, 473, 721 659 17. 209 2. 282, 785 358, 870 260. 679 109, 961 42, 056 3, 140, 972 97, 745 3. 238,717 660 72, 827 9, 511, 152 i 1, 700, 669 684, 679 562, 932 139, 052 j 13,017,460 145, 941 13,163,401 661 5. 080 456, 282 87, 907 80. 243 78, 636 9, 337 739, 861 2, 948 742, 809 662 9,040 1,079,782 200, 810 56, 249 18. 622 ! 1. 383, 592 49, 124 ! 1,432,716 663 3,711 384, 458 60,243 17.028 20. 519 6. 134 503. 235 400 503, 635 664 3, 051 422. 260 81,642 11,206 49. 380 4,299 588, 394 588, 394 665 2,528 383. 762 63.734 31.314 51, 117 8,214 558, 530 558, 530 666 2, 336 511, 164 117,501 40, 565 16. 196 16,912 730, 245 400 730, 645 667 4,494 786, 065 131. 115 i 78.009 1,806 8. 077 i 1,054.021 25,312 1,079, 333 668 5.462 538, 313 95,026! 54.697 25, 454 11,205 749.657 21, 566 771,223 669 4. 035 393, 387 83. 828 1 10. 180 66. 096 8, 556 575. 463 154 575,617 670 1,699 286, 836 56. 550 12, 713 11,246 4, 154 386. 749 779 387. 528 671 5. 428 1,025,856 127,463 55,067 31. 789 17, 282 1,295,087 2, 334 1,297,421 672 4, 543 445,587 94,653 36,032 26, 503 3,984 623, 959 — 623, 959 673 21,420 i 2.797.400 500,197! 201,376 165, 568 40, 898 i 3. 828, 667 I 42. 924 3,871,591 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 CNNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff ' Clerks Supplies and other expenses 334, 268 15,022 13,933 15,217 11,964 18,086 9,988 17, 524 232, 534 132,805 311,765 6,853 25, 254 5,469,121 4,125 4, 187 583, 380 92, 386 88, 036 12, 766 12,706 15, 689 11,944 12, 294 33, 882 7,075 4,098 12, 300 3, 206 9, 644 12,994 14, 189 10, 137 10, 746 8, 866 9, 380, 983 7,784 4,992 5, 578 4,395 7, 794 57. 493 81, 643 337,082 6,800 25, 285 13,680 14,250 13,131 5, 425 16,314 216,880 235, 750 258, 185 305,012 121,425 357,611 190, 239 196, 293 3, 804, 606 9,340 4,100 2,750 5,400 7,188 4,017 5, 493 424, 112 10, 037 13,272 5,251 12, 300 5, 691 30, 430 5, 007 6, 370 4, 000 6, 700 5, 002 14, 108 9,617 14, 000 5, 356 276, 971 8, 165,156 248,851 207, 356 175, 773 216,910 145, 661 179, 736 130, 492 84, 834 179, 036 103, 034 133,247 190, 957 190, 527 196, 175 168, 279 142, 403 139, 538 5. 332, 347 30, 720 55, 701 3, 775 4,600 3, 400 56, 795 11,878 14,255 17,781 5,695 26, 393 12, 108 14,480 234, 492 556,153 4, 500 2,612 3, 8,731 2, 226 2,134 1,499 266 4, 150 3, 400 36, 376 8, 010, 795 3,464,940 3, 724, 003 4, 330, 993 3,465, 468 ] 12, 874,027 1,401,666 5,424,587 765, 120 760, 395 76, 874 76,874 5, 297, 320 207, 288, 761 3, 697, 963 83, 150, 322 829, 347 71, 112, 611 913, 452 4, 741, 700 i 68, 218, 212 1, 228, 211 48, 188, 690 826, 114 399, 323 8, 169,493 8, 169, 493 3, 832 2,942 2,420 6,316 2,627 81,291 12,463 13,816 11,715 10, 425 7,644 15, 592 7,260 2,982 11,439 9, 574 18, 108 12,831 15, 696 16, 559 11, 109 9, 399 6, 339 363, 202. 6, 160, 120 1, 669, 156 805, 117 767, 790 6, 778, 545 2, 511, 416 2, 471, 486 2, 333, 322 1, 714, 891 232, 240 74, 302 74, 302 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 193 public-school systems: 1955-56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts > Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 69, 969 6, 581, 430 1, 044, 462 355, 863 774, 650 175, 155 9, 265, 828 | 129, 681 9, 395, 509 675 2,555 271,098 50, 281 11,905 12, 553 3, 108 363, 967 32, 206 396, 173 676 3,470 346. 356 51, 142 14, 320 20, 173 3, 089 449,013 409 449, 422 677 3, 879 362, 644 49, 428 17,683 68, 838 5, 427 519, 237 588 519, 825 678 2,033 146, 385 25, 545 5,428 14, 604 3, 976 207, 902 308 208, 210 679 5,258 416,773 66, 522 14,915 50,411 32, 695 599, 402 1,853 601,255 680 1,684 226, 898 32, 463 16,821 31,642 317,812 4, 104 321,916 681 2,416 232, 890 42, 499 27,234 37, 542 5,013 362, 702 362, 702 682 48, 674 4, 578, 386 726, 582 247, 557 538, 887 121,847 6, 445, 793 90,213 6, 536, 006 683 100, 049 9, 667, 743 1, 585, 395 522, 971 1, 625, 993 98, 974 14,084,456 233, 335 14,317,791 684 2,919 296, 745 47,775 31,803 43, 522 432,611 925 433, 536 685 3, 180 248, 393 35, 793 11,761 25, 580 334, 233 6,158 340, 391 686 2,250 201,470 31,666 7, 546 52, 142 7,047 315, 560 6, 280 321,840 687 2,492 250, 858 54, 306 15, 552 19, 657 352,317 6, 663 358, 980 688 1,343 171,992 32, 158 8, 786 36, 099 3, 680 265, 009 77 265, 086 689 3, 693 242,715 55, 780 15, 640 51, 563 5. 430 405,010 405, 010 690 2,514 149, 495 25, 450 2,848 45, 588 2, 295 232, 751 222 232, 973 691 1,592 96, 863 19, 424 3, 783 10, 539 1,124 135, 831 135, 831 692 1,365 199, 340 37, 508 11,896 52, 290 313, 334 1,421 314, 755 693 1,456 124,483 19,692 8,908 23, 095 179,384 6,781 186, 165 694 1,514 163,216 23, 900 3,016 34, 750 2, 699 237, 225 1,436 238, 661 695 1,888 235, 858 31,606 19. 100 22,214 3, 285 325, 057 5, 871 330, 928 696 2,019 223, 687 31, 393 8, 920 33, 735 1,396 313, 320 7, 207 320, 527 697 207 236, 443 38, 054 12, 737 1,013 5, 131 303,515 303, 515 698 1,515 198, 183 28, 061 9, 093 37, 554 283,637 12, 740 296, 377 699 1,610 161,751 19, 386 5, 733 37, 349 233, 085 25, 172 258, 257 700 3,154 152, 623 18. 083 4,317 37, 430 2,251 224, 565 224, 565 701 65, 338 6,313, 628 1, 035, 360 341, 532 1,061,873 64, 636 9, 198,012 152, 382 9. 350, 394 702 989, 109 242, 767, 287 27, 671,441 14,010,740 9, 138, 210 8, 948,427 310, 546, 900 4,349,198 314, 896, 098 1 507, 276 95, 823, 677 9, 808, 849 6, 154, 038 3, 425, 777 1,791,757 120, 469,038 1,833,048 122, 302, 086 2 554, 509 82, 204, 030 7, 734, 922 3, 251, 045 5, 079, 010 1, 390, 068 103, 383,078 472,005 103, 855, 083 3 459, 301 78, 777, 915 7, 515, 349 3, 265, 390 4, 749, 031 1, 548, 231 100, 186, 909 400, 628 100, 587, 537 4 412, 249 55, 302, 388 5, 315, 658 | 2, 456, 459 4, 713, 949 1, 263, 652 73, 145, 375 j 259,933 73,405,308 5 38, 458 9, 043, 216 681, 544 381, 008 79, 275 88, 039 10,442,461 133,796 10, 576,257 38, 458 9, 043,216 681,544 381, 008 79, 275 88, 039 10,442,461 _ 133, 796 10,576,257 6 194 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools City by region, State, and group Adminis- Instruction Salaries and wages Text¬ tration Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff i Clerks Supplies ana other expenses books (Free to all pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SOUTH— Con. ALABAMA-Con. 105, 860 31,465 293, 962 3, 993, 491 33, 657 60, 106 81, 827 24, 040 23,425 28. 530 29, 865 83, 343 51,264 87, 555 71,800 845, 854 844, 978 1,250, 142 1,052,517 10, 200 7,995 15,515 8,666 27, 930 22, 636 15, 730 21,827 21,634 Bessemer 5,929 20, 036 5, 500 Gadsden 23,457 Group III Dothan 181, 972 33,093 383, 308 5, 018, 819 46, 125 76, 352 14, 962 24, 363 19. 491 12, 370 21,713 16, 284 72, 789 3,655 8,200 4,401 3, 600 43, 494 30, 043 60, 055 20, 160 51,518 24,715 153, 323 620, 789 450, 174 605, 276 340, 272 651,484 343, 298 2,007,526 2,250 10,450 2, 825 6,000 6,150 4,063 9, 909 6, 254 8,412 8, 086 9, 087 30, 541 Huntsville Opelika Selma Sheffield Other cities (est.) Group IV 13, 237 18, 450 221, 718 26, 700 241,425 4, 323, 786 35, 673 71, 511 12,405 Alexander City _ I Andalusia 10, 655 10, 930 7,516 8, 116 17,682 12,965 6,042 147,812 4,400 25, 050 5,125 333, 606 209,815 62, 497 142, 921 277, 600 149, 936 264, 687 2, 882, 124 3,000 1,200 1,419 7,683 901 1,794 4,000 6, 076 1,964 47,674 2, 229 Atmore J i Attalla 15, 600 18, 000 5, 700 11,000 160, 950 Cullman 5,000 Opp 4, 500 Ozark 2,691 23, 782 1,906 8,270 Other cities (est.) Group V 17,800 22, 505 19, 800 395, 135 3,450 2,679 Florala . 6,403 8, 600 7,502 67,424 196,000 131,711 186 1,600 893 Jacksonville 13, 200 6, 600 2,300 1,150 Other cities (esti¬ mated). ARKANSAS Group 1 160, 355 40,493 155,138 2, 270, 100 79, 563 74, 669 126, 527 j Little Rock 160, 355 40, 493 155,138 2,270,100; 79, 563 74, 669 126, 527 Group II 138,523 45, 440 204,910 2,973,468 36, 295 97,780 88, 544 13, 194 Fort Smith . 41,833 22,221 42, 345 32, 124 9,185 50,114 46, 3001 64,600' 43,896! 1,008,779 578,224 826,792| 559,673 9,700 46, 345 12, 185 29,221 10,029 36, 541 11,249 26, 695 14,059 Hot Springs North Little Rock . Pine Bluff 28,000 8,255 12,218 14,377 13, 194 Group III 193,318 8,910 246,660 2,731,060 10, 689 38,996 62,136 Camden . . . . .. 14,386 70, 905 22, 066 10,013 20,714 55, 234 16,726 62,408; 26, 150 29,9931 40, 909 70, 474 1 242,758 698, 248 249, 856 303, 549 456,347 780, 302 _ 7,635 2,700 11,740 3, 578 5, 168 4,668 11, 142 2,277 14, 199 15, 864 4,338 7,705 17,753 El Dorado Fayetteville Helena | Texarkana. 6, 364 2, 546 Other cities (esti¬ mated). 3. 054 . See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 195 public-school systems: 1955— 56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost i Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 8,600 4, 503, 108 388, 026 174, 579 75, 840 62, 158 5, 309, 571 27, 062 5, 336, 633 7 2, 455 972, 483 92, 232 18, 606 19, 729 13,912 1, 141,002 4,275 1, 145,277 8 2,645 936, 061 75, 469 51,904 4,687 1,091,546 11,911 1,103,457 9 1,388,226 106, 493 57,663 28, 986 29 620 1,639,518 1,639,518 10 3, 500 i; 206; 338 113; 832 46i 406 22, 438 18, 626 1,437, 505 10,876 1,448,381 11 14, 277 5, 571, 974 401, 964 159,750 65, 879 51, 870 6, 433, 409 19, 705 6, 453, 114 12 500 674, 751 34, 907 12,775 21,881 100 759, 376 759, 376 13 2, 107 510, 883 38, 862 17,464 1,500 6,457 599, 529 599, 529 14 678,811 65. 229 12,636 5, 330 11,823 793, 320 793, 320 15 3781444 24, 160 7,611 2, 030 450 425, 065 1, 102 426, 167 16 5, 959 723, 197 42,517 31,298 5, 746 6, 671 831, 142 831, 142 17 377, 100 35, 504 14,066 3, 040 5, 621 451,615 10, 721 462, 336 18 5,711 2, 228, 788 160, 785 63, 900 26, 352 20, 748 2, 573, 362 7,882 2, 581,244 19 12, 330 4, 723, 230 350, 745 85, 320 110, 850 40,254 5, 532, 117 31, 920 5, 564, 037 20 1,600 371, 304 25, 774 6, 086 11 426 425, 245 425, 245 21 223, 823 18, 185 7, 168 1,776 2, 036 263,918 177 264, 095 22 63, 398 6, 809 353 1,690 79, 766 79, 766 23 160,315 13, 754 2,926 2 399 1 018 188, 528 188, 528 24 2, 000 306, 600 18, 244 3, 241 16, 500 3, 958 366, 225 366, 225 25 166,212 11.588 1, 177 80 2, 027 194,049 3, 145 197, 194 26 510 282, 758 22, 561 7,489 4, 769 2,689 326, 308 7,318 333, 626 27 8,220 3, 148, 820 233, 830 56, 880 73, 900 26, 836 3, 688, 078 21,280 3, 709, 358 28 2,250 423, 314 11,665 8, 250 8,732 474,466 474, 466 29 67,610 3,477 500 921 78,911 78,911 30 1,500 214,600 4,300 5,000 4,900 237, 400 237, 400 31 750 141,104 3,888 2,750 2,911 158,155 158,155 32 1,841 2,748, 331 301, 475 127, 603 27, 362 37, 131 3, 402, 257 3,402,257 1,841 2,748,331 301,475 127,603 27, 362 37,131 3,402,257 3, 402, 257 33 12, 911 3,472,542 435,739 178, 365 68, 550 38,915 4, 332,634 36, 909 4, 369, 543 34 1, 160, 664 137,476 43, 186 17 354 17,354 1,417,867 1,417,867 35 6,178 654, 136 84, 854 34, 492 26,314 12,444 834,461 834,461 36 6, 733 1,007,453 138, 929 75,001 12,300 1,276,028 33, 573 1,309,601 37 650, 289 74,480 25, 686 12,582 9,117 804, 278 3,336 807,614 38 15, 242 3,113,693 329, 382 128, 514 168, 164 44,456 3, 977, 527 23, 776 4, 001, 303 39 3,781 275 877 25,961 5, 181 10, 132 3,969 335, 506 5, 500 341,006 40 6,165 792, 760 75, 734 39. 457 27,490 18, 330 1,024,676 1,024,676 41 295, 448 33,732 12,857 27,626 391, 729 1,980 393, 709 42 941 343, 989 49, 992 10,355 17,676 9,455 441,480 441,480 43 515,993 49, 854 23, 946 37, 193 647, 700 9, 503 657, 203 44 4,355 889, 626 94. 109 36,718 48, 047 12, 702 1,136,436 6,793 1,143,229 45 196 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 55 I 56 i 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 I 64 65 I 66 ! 67 69 74 75 76 77 78 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Adminis¬ tration Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff ' Clerks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SOUTH— Con. ARKANSAS-Con. Group IV Batesville 230, 530 12, 214 268, 374 3,588,470 4,747 33, 226 53, 610 6,265 7,503 11,433 17,627 10, 334 13,877 12, 800 11,358 145,598 12, 800 13, 500 22, 500 14,800 16,970 8,450 9,855 169, 499 119, 462 183,304 368, 122 125, 038 230, 842 124,250 171,050 2, 266, 402 1,543 4,574 3,766 2,962 3,006 2,308 Conway. . . 1,749 1,350 3,413 Forest City 4,500 Harrison _ 2,772 4,706 Russellville 3,900 33, 859 Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group V 7,714 2,998 20, 985 3, 957 247, 369 282, 841 3, 536, 807 8,257 21,435 60, 633 4,932 Clarendon 7,912 6,750 8,507 9,400 9,221 7,955 6, 100 9, 635 9,092 7,204 6,000 159,593 2.400 4,500 6,600 12.400 17,942 7,750 8,252 8,000 14, 500 6,669 11,350 182, 478 72,425 112,950 102,732 123,882 105,633 94,625 97, 204 100, 827 171,087 117,207 156, 424 2,281,811 1,294 1,500 831 3,000 3,050 1,887 2,840 3,175 1,085 2,853 Clarksville Fordyce McGehee . Mena Nashville Paris 2,930 2,523 1,750 Pocahontas Rogers 2,160 Trumann Wynne 2,923 13, 829 Other cities (esti¬ mated). DELAWARE Group 1 Wilmington _ . . Group IV 5, 327 39,118 3,182 — 40, 355 208,753 163, 602 180, 611 ! 2, 867, 019 205, 842 149, 852 116, 729 208, 753 I 163, 602 180,611 2,867,019 205, 842 149,852 116,729 40, 355 70, 308 103,933 2,150,673 39, 167 64, 777 87,967 53,255 Dover 19,354 9, 376 13,455 28, 123 21,760 4,600 36, 000 41,573 443.438 162, 505 684, 460 860, 270 9. 700 11,560 4,843 22, 463 25,911 26,916 5,534 20, 330 35, 187 10, 964 2,866 18,123 21, 302 Elsmere(OakGrove School) • Newark 13, 800 15, 667 Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group V 50, 534 56, 129 729,464 7, 350 10,985 31, 655 15, 200 Laurel _ _ 16, 664 17,025 16, 845 20, 860 16. 560 18, 709 312,342 173,968 243, 154 5,410 1,913 3,662 14,256 6,847 10, 552 5,849 4,284 5,067 Lewes 4,900 2,450 Other cities (esti¬ mated). 1 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Group 1 957, 042 339,285 1,442,218 19,603,313 468, 789 1,035,977 242, 726 Washington i j 957, 042 339, 285 1,442,218 19,603,313 468, 789 1,035, 977 242,726 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 197 public-school systems: 1955-56— -Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued Amount of cur¬ Total Other Total for 6 rent ex¬ current ex¬ Operation Mainte- school major cur¬ penditure penditure School of the nance of services Fixed rent ex¬ not allo¬ for all library Total for school the school (including charges penditure cable to accounts * supplies instruction plant plant transpor- accounts pupil cost1 and other expenses tation) 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5,429 3, 972, 335 491, 202 103, 528 1 394, 464 1 106, 859 1 ! 5, 298, 918 5,258 5,304,176 46 1,000 137,113 204, 477 402, 301 142,800 22, 095 15, 996 63, 972 24, 568 30, 391 4,239 2,925 3,179 5,665 5,494 9, 403 14,773 55, 932 14, 902 38,659 3, 857 3,444 13, 639 3,523 10, 266 184,210 253, 048 556, 650 201,792 353,277 184,210 253, 048 556,650 201,792 353, 466 47 48 49 50 1,000 254, 590 189 51 137,406 184,805 2, 508, 843 13, 800 10, 147 310, 233 9,000 7,640 65, 386 1,000 10, 660 249, 135 174,006 229, 250 3, 346, 685 174,006 52 4,640 67, 490 1,748 3, 321 230, 998 3, 350, 006 3,429 54 9,072 3,923,977 433,777 82, 652 592, 841 104, 876 5, 385,492 5, 526 5, 391, 018 55 76, 119 118, 950 110,163 141,282 126,625 104,262 116,718 11,350 5,000 12,725 12, 700 17,685 7,118 9,889 1,936 4,000 1,866 2,500 4,827 1,418 3,264 15,413 11,000 8,078 12,500 20, 050 17,116 45, 169 3,186 115,916 145.700 144,716 183,382 181,777 139, 884 184,088 226 116,142 145, 700 144,716 183,382 181,777 139,884 184,338 56 57 3, 377 5,000 3,369 2,015 2,948 58 2,000 59 60 61 1,219 250 62 112,002 188,832 126,729 170,697 2,531,598 12,398 22,165 14,692 28, 199 279, 856 2,475 3,667 723 16,291 2,786 8, 091 2,104 4,338 67,662 155, 587 262,871 158, 856 405 155,992 262,871 63 31,024 7,404 26,318 382,478 64 1,080 159,936 238, 204 3. 478,076 65 2,652 53, 324 238, 204 3,474,511 66 5,853 3,565 67 3, 724, 010 538, 387 176, 540 102, 285 56,648 : 4, 806, 623 140, 796 4, 947, 419 3,724,010 538, 387 176, 540 102,285 56, 648 4,806,623 140, 796 4, 947,419 68 18, 518 2, 518, 290 336,425 100, 595 50, 769 24, 765 3, 101, 152 15,188 3, 116, 340 69 4,828 | 529, 166 67, 170 31,618 8,602 6,333 662, 243 6,000 668, 243 70 1,034 181,382 33, 433 5,459 5. 504 151 235, 305 113 235,418 71 5,249 800, 425 101,252 23, 280 16, 355 8, 375 963, 142 3,000 966, 142 72 7,407 1,007,317 134, 570 40, 238 20, 308 9,906 1,240,462 6,075 1,246,537 73 804 851, 587 135,265 12,930 17, 695 9,192 I - — - - i 1, 077, 203 3,000 1, 080, 203 74 536 359, 253 54,221 4,920 7,222 2.978 445, 258 2,000 447, 258 75 208, 472 283, 862 35,956 45,088 3,700 4,310 4,575 5,898 3,150 3,064 272,878 359, 067 272,878 360, 067 76 268 1,000 77 86, 575 23,218,883 3, 821, 236 1,640,238 947, 658 2, 342, 647 32, 927, 704 | 845, 047 33,772,751 86, 575 23,218,883 3,821,236 | 1,640,238 947,658 2,342,647 32, 927, 704 845, 047 33,772,751 78 198 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Adminis- Salaries and wages Text¬ tration Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff ' Clerks Supplies and other expenses books (Free to all pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SOUTH Con. GEORGIA 353, 521 74, 356 796, 696 10, 683, 219 234, 366 375, 388 271, 986 8,183 79 Atlanta . ....... 353, 521 74, 356 796, 696 10, 683,219 234, 366 375, 388 271,986 8,183 80 59, 762 30, 496 87, 252 2, 147, 221 7, 918 50, 076 14, 367 81 Athens 27,500 14, 593 17,669 21,683 49, 190 15, 600 22, 462 870,217 4,200 42, 996 1,803 5, 277 82 La Grange . 4,250 635, 707 641,297 14, 367 83 Rome . 4; 563 3,718 84 Group III 176, 043 32,946 281, 693 4, 476, 128 20, 511 14, 907 193, 274 52, 857 85 Americus . _ 11,090 22, 000 11,868 14, 115 15,513 26, 082 22, 562 52,813 25,410 50, 632 16,059 24, 827 21,027 42, 880 16, 350 84, 508 258, 369 533, 921 311,107 526, 697 412,310 581,228 509,659 1, 342, 837 1,733 32, 249 2,411 19, 234 42, 002 19,621 18,042 57,982 1,762 86 Decatur 5,207 4,666 2,203 10, 622 87 Dublin . 10, 000 88 Moultrie. _ _ 12,450 89 Thomasville _ 4, 189 9,000 3,775 4,457 90 Valdosta 4, 358 91 Waycross 12, 166 15,857 92 Other cities (esti¬ mated). 9,884 6,153 4,472 93 Group IV 134, 878 28, 809 236, 548 3, 194, 579 26, 818 20, 007 100, 289 45,476 94 Carrollton _ . 8,423 11,162 12,372 14,294 15,057 73, 570 20, 790 21,483 13, 130 15,733 36, 386 129, 026 257, 809 230, 140 259, 100 293,757 411,275 1,742,498 2,570 3, 892 9,721 8, 762 4,566 18,645 54, 703 95 Cartersville. . . 4,969 6,702 96 Cordele _ 8, 292 4,803 97 Newnan.. _ . 3,540 8,650 14,628 2,537 3,987 10,913 98 Thomaston _ 9,000 24, 805 99 Other cities (esti¬ mated). 15,714 100 Group V 143, 145 86, 587 2, 191, 224 25,830 22, 888 51, 538 27,833 101 Barnesville _ 14, 300 7,016 7,634 9,291 10,070 196,908 84, 720 163, 996 138, 868 174,251 117,747 1,314,734 1,978 907 3,179 102 Buford. _ 4,920 3,150 1,900 1,603 103 Calhoun . . . 15, 303 4,051 7,216 3,116 3,132 2,059 5,613 6,926 30, 923 104 Commerce . 4,256 3, 698 105 Hogansville _ 106 Trion.. 8,947 85, 887 10, 361 51,952 2, 502 13, 733 107 Other cities (esti¬ 15, 498 16,700 mated). KENTUCKY Group 1 409, 606 98,982 476, 180 7,633,061 64, 634 236, 379 190,116 27, 728 108 Louisville _ 409, 606 98, 982 476, 180 7, 633, 061 64,634 236, 379 190,116 27,728 109 Group II 233, 767 95,350 349, 700 4,902,013 56, 848 118, 983 110 Ashland . ...... 26, 865 44, 113 3,850 27, 000 15,000 25, 000 14, 000 10, 500 58, 031 72, 966 90, 746 38, 943 49, 187 39, 827 730 046 7,412 13. 522 17,311 4,920 9,192 4,491 14,470 31,579 111 Covington _ 1,214,457 1,129,402 488 462 112 Lexington _ 60, 304 31,853 38, 053 32, 579 39, 003 113 Newport _ _ _ 7,617 12,904 13,410 114 Owensboro _ 637,463 702, 183 115 Paducah _ _ See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 199 public-school systems: 1955-56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur- Total Instruction— Continued School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 1 rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 141, 872 12, 586, 066 1, 181, 394 529,791 467, 225 73, 000 15,190, 997 1, 055, 814 16, 246, 811 141,872 12, 586, 066 1,181,394 529, 791 467,225 73,000 15,190,997 1,055.814 16,246.811 8,887 2, 346, 217 289, 210 136,928 212,831 101, 089 3, 146, 037 17,045 3,163,082 5,200 1,794 1,893 993, 486 673,521 679,210 106, 460 98. 456 84, 294 60, 297 39, 494 37, 137 40. 032 31,825 140, 974 23, 806 35.941 41,342 1,251,581 893, 830 1,000,626 17,045 1,268, 626: 893,830 1,000, 626 1 14, 783 5, 087, 099 425, 232 174, 361 280, 647 112,879 6, 256, 261 85,192 6, 341, 453 615 2,711 585 2,262 921 1,621 1,633 4,435 287, 889 637,545 344,828 585,470 484,224 663,165 557,850! 1,526,128 17,636 60,919 26,912 40,5111 18.738' 84, 161 48. 786 127,569 4,820 29, 561 3,897 16,424 35. 224 20. 545 11,582 52, 308 7,499 22, 650 109, 390 19, 520 3,865 29, 468 4,061 84, 194 - 6, 102 27, 550 335, 036 800, 225 496, 895 696, 808 557, 564 823,421 669, 436 1,876,876 335, 036 1 805,999 496, 895 696.808 557,564; 823,4211 723,296' 1,902,434 5,774 20, 768 24, 595 33, 864 53. 860 25, 558 9,825: 3,662,351 276, 335 107, 741 Ill, 386 80, 663 4,373,354 145, 321 4, 518, 675 1,113 286, 174 266,313 296,112 325,971 490, 135 1,997,646 25, 099 27.887 19,208 32. 047 21,366 150,728 4.760 17,187 4,163 15, 103 7.760 58, 768 11,642 25, 629 6,289 7,070 7,814 1,860 5, 932 8, 971 12,088 43, 998 343,912; 350, 038 344, 076 403, 456 546, 406 2,385,466 10.644 47,411 8, 000 343,912: 360, 682 391,487; 411,456 546,406 2,464.732 — 126 1,035 2,192 5,359 _ _ 60,756 1 79, 266 7,525 — 2,413,425 — 109,724 43,583 — 175, 358 - ! 19,680 2,904,915 7,305 — 2, 912, 220 202, 065 93,891 192,753 154.896 183, 969 137, 796 1,448,055 - 2,486 20, 438 218,851 131,719 214,080 168, 909 236,650 191,757 1,742,949 218,851 133,424 214,080 168,909 237,867 191,757 1.747,332 - 194 1.206 943 407 260 4,515 6, 742 10,958 4,722 12,098 9, 370 65,834 - ■ 1,695 2, 735 1,937 1,705 5,973 7,030 26, 150 - ■ 18, 605 28,614 105,215 -- 5, 935 1,217 11,808 4,383 , . J - 37, 931 .... 8, 765, 011 . . ... 1,281,967 761, 286 ■ " 54,676 - 11, 272, 546 . . . 140, 033 11,412,579 37.931 ; 8,765,011 1,281,967 761,286 54, 676 11,272,546 140, 033 11.412,579 35,149 5, 558, 043 1 653, 548 325, 973 123,632 67, 141 6,962,104 100, 175 7, 062, 279 6,210 2,436 8,814 3,058 6, 763 7.868 — 820, 019 1,361,960 1,300,276 568, 000 729, 509 778,279 82. 105 177,362 147,517 76. 932 66. 231 103, 401 45, 087 93. 929 60,003 28, 923 28. 021 70,010 6,841 26, 620 40, 467 14,744 28, 827 6,133 7,836 10,787 10, 784 9, 249 12,940 15, 545 988, 753 j 1,714,771 1,619,351 729.701 903, 581 1,005,947 77,046 1,065,799 1,714,771 1,619,351 732. 549 923,862 1,005. 947 2, 848 20, 281 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 20 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 iNNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals | Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff ' Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 111, ISO 138, 646 1, 576, 200 16,933 39, 571 7,599 16, 306 16,447 16,530 14,237 47,640 13, 539 32,089 26, 089 7,509 59,420 181,317 279,628 267,920 171,821 675,514 1,560 4,320 4,607 4,701 11,923 1,381 16,959 4,342 3,796 7,257 3,257 284,949 30, 510 224, 711 2, 690, 591 25, 554 70, 896 11,557 13,962 12,631 11,021 14, 000 17,693 12, 500 15, 188 176,397 9,133 13,275 10,827 9,834 7,000 11,945 9,949 13,641 139,107 123,423 104,985 162, 172 99,655 84, 799 167,444 119,712 162,797 1,665, 604 6,256 4,268 1,550 1,329 1,500 7,517 4,423 2,195 7,200 1,700 1,450 2,982 1,408 15,819 4,588 43, 888 18,887 265, 099 201, 358 2, 101, 747 17, 640 2, 583 47, 355 3,900 13,269 8, 628 8, 548 12,765 9,393 8,779 10,561 8,873 10,949 173, 334 4,808 112,005 85. 199 67,002 81,078 48, 504 83,058 60, 666 68, 957 121,059 1,374,219 3,803 2,303 4,491 2, 160 466 1,969 2,672 775 154 481 3,224 30, 963 6,390 10,977 10,037 9,861 5,920 9,741 11,967 131,657 1,350 894 1,689 11,534 2,550 556, 664 184, 971 640, 410 10,727,841 302, 888 503, 442 556, 664 184,971 640,410 10, 727,841 302, 888 503, 442 53,136 25, 060 105,732 1,464,285 3, 500 18, 316 7,138 24, 982 28, 154 12,490 12, 570 50,712 55, 020 617,362 846, 923 3, 500 12, 566 5, 750 7, 138 30, 641 12, 800 60, 950 706, 717 26, 670 4,356 22, 608 30, 641 12,800 60, 950 706,717 26,670 4,356 22, 608 969, 646 > 667, 505 1, 170, 295 24,694,214 157, 559 536, 338 720, 344 395, 899 969, 646 i 667, 505 1 , 1 70. 295 24,694,214 157,559 536, 338 720, 344 395, 899 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 201 pu blic- school systems : 1 955— 56— Con I i n tied Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12,409 1,791,358 250,726 78,188 42, 301 34,006 2,307,739 10, 288 2, 318, 027 116 1,267 202, 290 31,520 7,315 5, 865 8,217 271,513 271,513 117 2,113 322,851 48,727 16,519 6,693 6,637 417,874 3, 201 421,075 118 2,354 1,357 312,628 185, 864 42, 505 20, 520 16,486 4,359 6,696 4,918 4,578 399, 423 229, 898 399, 423 232, 576 119 2, 678 120 5,318 767,725 107,454 33, 509 18, 129 14,574 989, 031 4, 409 993, 440 121 33,905 3,076,167 428,225 128, 294 168,157 85, 391 4,171,183 14, 427 4,185,610 122 722 139,534 18,718 8, 743 13,967 989 193, 508 100 193,608 123 922 130,068 22,623 2,761 6,259 3, 071 178, 744 381 179, 125 124 1,450 175,999 13, 147 5,695 9, 243 4,063 220, 778 220, 778 125 1,954 112,772 15,590 4,555 11,349 155, 287 15 155, 302 126 1,500 96, 499 14,900 8,869 5,000 1,450 140,718 5, 000 145, 718 127 2,250 197,806 32. 289 6,776 6,716 12,952 274, 232 274, 232 128 2,000 2,118 134,643 184,552 21,000 24. 866 3.000 8,475 11,526 5,000 5,005 176, 143 249,612 176, 143 249,612 129 130 20, 989 1,904,294 265, 092 79, 420 104,097 52, 861 2,582,161 8,931 2, 591,092 131 22, 348 2,396,931 283, 294 94, 871 144, 574 49,842 3,234,611 21, 424 3,256,035 132 1,435 126, 542 13,861 2,085 9, 151 5,100 170,008 844 170,852 133 895 90, 557 8, 823 3,386 3,046 905 115,345 250 115,595 134 860 74, 718 8,485 6,226 6,068 1,338 105, 383 305 105,688 135 1,018 95, 042 10, 501 7,878 3,569 1,664 131,419 131,419 136 881 62, 094 12,033 3, 106 2. 764 2,616 92, 006 92, 006 137 876 94. 570 13,650 1,736 3,217 2,356 124,308 124,308 138 252 496 68, 342 79,675 10,187 6,525 2, 507 2,873 1,412 1,073 1,456 93, 009 100,475 93,009 100,475 139 140 1,023 138,167 13,998 3,043 19, 745 1,818 187,720 6,017 193,737 141 14,612 1,567,224 185, 231 62,031 94, 529 32, 589 2,114,938 14,008 2, 128,946 142 12, 359, 552 1, 405, 757 1, 680, 708 555, 503 1,453,919 18,012,103 249, 325 18, 261,428 12, 359, 552 1,405, 757 1,680,708 555, 503 1.453. 919 18,012,103 _ 249, 325 18. 261,428 143 5, 229 1, 629, 260 136, 931 71, 244 384, 817 88, 084 2, 363, 472 306 2, 363, 778 144 1,327 697,957 59, 198 12,281 139, 993 3, 002 937,413 306 937,719 145 3, 902 931,303 77, 733 58, 963 244, 824 85, 082 1 1,426,059 1 - 1,426,059 146 1,307 835,408 81, 908 11,420 58, 034 1 16, 733 1, 034, 144 35, 878 1,070, 022 1,307 835, 408 81,908 11,420 58, 034 16, 733 1,034, 144 35, 878 1,070, 022 147 93, 637 28,435, 791 3, 538, 141 1, 427, 428 1, 132, 540 2,899,773 38, 403, 319 827, 285 39,230,604 93, 637 28,435,791 3, 538, 141 1,427,428 1, 132, 540 2,899, 773 38, 403,319 827, 285 39,230,604 148 509375 0-59—15 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Super¬ visors S« Prin¬ cipals ilaries and w< Class¬ room teachers iges Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 235, 169 100, 781 419, 925 5, 699, 430 16, 344 124, 375 308, 145 34,916 21.676 15, 963 90, 919 17. 734 36, 626 17, 335 40, 299 40,611 41, 900 172, 425 29, 143 70, 335 25,212 485, 674 669, 457 529, 839 2,273, 467 436, 960 922, 987 381,046 16, 344 17, 653 51, 592 12,685 120, 391 9, 069 74, 978 21,777 9. 420 6,698 63, 145 7,200 14,318 20, 561 7, 777 82, 672 5, 895 7, 470 223, 392 45, 271 228, 182 2, 966, 593 32, 051 29, 787 107, 411 8, 000 38, 008 30, 854 12, 108 37, 200 29, 007 20, 367 55, 848 8, 973 34, 569 31,650 8,200 38,738 26, 480 31,500 57, 045 322, 907 489, 394 200, 000 532, 582 357, 063 323, 000 741,647 6, 599 14,610 14, 353 23, 771 9, 225 12, 000 26, 853 5, 400 3, 025 6,860 2, 450 19, 980 5, 000 15,613 11,497 1,533 7,447 6,000 11,318 8,013 2, 000 189, 007 5, 571 197, 024 2, 841, 799 20, 104 7,846 69, 099 13, 320 12, 580 26,411 11, 177 14, 021 11,638 12, 626 87, 234 11,940 19, 100 10, 350 22, 806 13, 000 12, 544 16, 350 90, 934 177,398 243, 892 271,204 202, 158 219, 564 180, 933 235, 050 1,311,600 650 1,500 2, 775 4,892 7,131 4, 113 6,204 4, 529 7,563 31,892 3,000 10, 825 2, 075 2, 571 1 12, 206 9, 279 3, 621 318, 023 212,209 3,073,307 6, 355 85, 982 11,697 11,416 9, 563 12, 223 28, 468 9,713 8,519 8,712 9,774 207, 938 10, 500 7,600 6,792 3, 200 17, 510 3,100 5, 325 9,710 9, 720 138, 752 112, 118 99, 708 117,386 106, 732 242, 360 107, 424 77, 724 101,827 98, 558 2, 009, 470 4, 969 2, 433 3, 584 1,766 5, 285 3, 200 3. 000 3, 399 2, 127 56,219 1,100 1, 100 4,225 7,981 4,155 99, 670 68, 794 285, 531 4, 471, 010 73, 331 100, 166 65, 874 99, 670 68, 794 285, 531 4,471,010 73, 331 100, 166 65, 874 353, 945 36, 430 54, 312 27,473 59, 201 27, 439 50, 052 20, 793 78, 245 184, 176 847,060 11, 874, 385 128, 701 172, 426 276, 295 102, 457 6, 468 43, 227 19, 883 12, 000 22, 939 10, 786 31, 139 75, 651 128,910 73,250 159, 747 83,435 104, 648 58,418 163, 001 1, 130, 122 1, 736, 963 878, 390 2, 323, 063 1, 127, 093 1, 535, 468 742, 726 2, 400, 560 22, 907 17,691 10, 154 55, 762 8, 245 14, 667 5, 888 37, 112 15, 500 53,214 25, 957 44,718 22, 796 26, 056 16, 101 71,953 61,888 14, 909 70,314 38, 765 28, 048 10, 766 44, 202 ■ - -■ — LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 203 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost’ Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction- -Continued I Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor- 1 tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction ,0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 69, 771 6, 738, 771 523, 270 753, 454 155, 510 353, 417 1 8, 759, 591 1 1, 076, 716 9, 836, 307 149 5,719 565, 689 80, 046 35,847 11,770 728, 268 728, 268 150 8; 116 799, 757 112,885 28, 249 12,375 42, 631 1,017, 573 1,017, 573 151 4,018 602,917 77, 539 38, 548 17,926 25, 190 778, 083 778,083 152 36. 148 2, 748, 248 570, 992 55,814 202, 838 3,668,811 1,076,716 4, 745, 527 153 4. 229 492, 496 48, 165 9,278 31.561 599, 234 599, 234 154 9, 484 1,092,102 170' 814 53, 681 26, 064 58, 641 1,437,928 1,437, 928 155 2, 057 437, 562 33, 821 16, 859 24, 117 529, 694 529, 694 156 34, 128 3,451, 423 397, 994 166, 691 308, 813 155, 632 4, 703, 945 42,107 4, 746, 052 157 4,428 377, 476 46, 855 20, 660 5. 583 28, 595 517,177 517,177 158 4,761 552, 675 49, 242 26,209 15, 925 37, 442 712, 347 9,216 721, 563 159 2,488 250, 496 24, 088 7, 503 294, 195 294, 195 160 6, 156 601,247 95. 564 31,716 22,114 31. 583 819, 424 819, 424 161 4,463 435, 341 42, 947 19. 530 94, 488 19, 104 640.417 20, 264 660, 681 162 3, 300 371, 333 39, 800 19, 400 93, 500 544, 400 2, 100 546, 500 163 8, 532 862, 855 99, 498 41,673 77, 203 38, 908 1,175, 985 10, 527 1,186,512 164 24, 429 3, 165, 872 320, 337 96, 443 181, 270 184, 143 4, 137, 072 4, 137, 072 165 2,175 194, 938 12,355 5. 900 17, 973 16, 188 260, 674 260, 674 166 269, 384 23, 958 18,877 12,375 337, 174 337, 174 167 2,200 293, 885 27, 568 7,000 25, 567 17, 767 398, 198 398, 198 168 482 229, 559 27, 226 2,117 24,019 10, 950 305, 048 305, 048 169 2,719 241,487 17,608 15,494 1,014 14, 031 303, 655 303, 655 170 1,643 212, 549 34, 124 4,316 8. 075 9,991 280, 693 280, 693 171 3, 935 262, 898 29, 650 17, 104 2,082 17,852 342,212 342, 212 172 11,275 1,461,172 147, 848 44, 512 83, 663 84, 989 1,909,418 1,909.418 173 40, 153 3, 430, 212 297, 080 226, 229 392, 327 163, 430 4, 827, 301 113,534 4, 940, 835 174 1,376 128, 963 10, 774 4, 548 52, 834 208, 816 208, 816 175 37 109, 778 12,018 4, 552 3, 108 8, 478 149, 350 149, 350 176 1,004 128, 766 9,017 6, 317 9. 489 9, 942 173, 094 173, 094 177 1,690 114, 488 13, 288 10, 868 8,658 6, 550 166, 075 166, 075 178 4, 669 275, 149 22. 458 37. 151 33, 225 14, 225 410, 676 410, 676 179 113, 724 13. 900 1,143 1,882 8, 575 148, 937 39, 000 187, 937 180 1,400 87, 449 6, 100 1,700 22, 400 1,300 127, 468 127, 468 181 2,304 117,240 5, 558 7,416 2,152 141,078 300 141,378 182 1,419 111,824 9, 722 4,615 2,058 7, 502 145, 495 145,495 183 26. 254 2, 242, 831 194, 245 147,919 256, 521 106, 858 3,156,312 74, 234 3, 230, 546 184 18,406 5, 083, 112 379, 246 281, 051 859, 886 186, 904 6, 889, 869 6, 889, 869 18, 406 5, 083,112 379, 246 281,051 859, 886 186, 904 6, 889, 869 6, 889, 869 185 87, 991 13, 673, 491 1, 208, 961 965, 713 337, 590 355, 873 16, 895, 573 81, 828 16, 977, 401 186 15, 000 1, 308, 875 135, 045 62, 452 9,138 26, 751 1,578, 691 1,578, 691 187 6, 901 2. 025, 450 196, 748 196, 312 70,511 63, 857 2, 607, 190 9,413 2,616,603 188 3, 580 1,018, 240 76, 436 66, 326 50, 298 15, 550 1. 254, 323 1,308 1,255, 631 189 33, 533 2,710, 076 237, 662 156, 654 87, 499 72. 973 3. 324, 065 10. 901 3, 334, 966 190 10. 334 1,301,454 88, 267 112, 803 16. 976 37,019 1, 583, 958 2,214 1,586, 172 191 13, 870 1, 753, 896 145, 922 81,988 3, 359 37, 352 2, 072, 569 2, 072, 569 192 4, 773 838, 672 68, 386 50, 529 3, 301 11,248 992, 929 18, 685 1,011,614 193 2, 716, 828 260, 495 238, 649 96, 508 91, 123 3. 481, 848 39. 307 3, 521, 155 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration — Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff i Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 294, 695 67, 873 731, 212 7, 901, 807 8, 550 I 73, 525 119, 129 70, 823 16, 358 12, 806 12, 085 23, 117 10, 696 17,429 14, 500 10, 887 176,817 4,294 30, 853 32, 360 63, 987 39, 887 14, 575 42, 098 27, 500 41,225 438, 727 333, 722 393, 381 775, 462 486, 936 183, 337 414, 585 226, 500 346, 800 4, 741, 084 3, 087 4,448 17, 154 3,167 4,803 6,484 18, 263 8, 028 1,720 8, 054 5,136 3, 420 10, 300 4, 230 8,090 4, 525 3, 800 15, 103 1,554 44, 115 300 71,477 40, 724 5, 130 42, 494 240, 460 52, 484 465, 375 5, 383, 515 18, 185 37, 786 104, 577 21, 012 14,635 13, 576 12,615 12,646 18,017 13,915 13, 609 141,447 5, 262 33, 864 26, 920 20, 338 30, 970 25, 971 27, 187 26, 375 273, 750 429, 387 293, 120 245, 600 318, 699 371,750 266, 012 292, 174 3, 166, 773 1,963 914 4,398 3,274 2,200 1,485 1,325 22, 227 7,155 4, 985 4,316 10, 083 3,500 4,950 8, 072 61,516 4,288 3, 330 3, 660 4, 630 4, 729 30, 873 7,488 4, 364 12, 360 10, 697 165, 068 28, 015 234,455 3, 178, 732 8, 987 63, 005 20, 098 13, 535 13, 828 12,219 12,819 14, 548 9, 236 88, 883 4, 500 29, 498 26, 220 15, 792 15,910 5, 500 15, 290 126, 245 313, 869 315, 588 160,610 288,812 171,303 216,925 1,711,625 4, 360 5, 637 1,500 5, 003 3, 600 4,830 9, 161 2,468 7,453 33, 926 4,073 200 2,648 4,839 15, 085 10, 822 525, 999 269, 706 956, 773 14, 093, 253 469, 707 700, 782 61, 699 262, 130 263, 869 134, 997 134, 709 619, 898 336, 875 7, 074, 989 7,018, 264 217,875 251,832 302, 192 398, 590 61,699 36, 163 25, 380 338, 068 3, 853, 709 58, 642 48, 249 71, 267 8, 144 46, 096 29, 262 46, 305 14, 500 5, 760 4,620 10, 000 5,000 89, 628 99, 540 98, 700 50, 200 965, 055 1,288, 177 1, 042, 818 557, 659 27, 442 9, 490 20, 559 10, 200 8,000 21,719 28, 562 20, 986 8, 144 31,200 392, 802 43, 042 621, 922 7, 511, 054 47, 560 44,478 324, 420 32, 194 26, 000 36, 840 12,801 16, 522 16, 188 21,300 30, 384 24,813 207, 954 4,600 51,400 39, 050 45, 694 29,275 37, 250 36, 600 26, 200 27,200 329, 253 499, 757 603, 159 315, 148 494, 945 378, 105 425, 153 406,478 411,869 3,976,440 47, 747 735 42, 802 10, 170 17,928 21,434 4,363 7,489 171,752 11,000 3, 581 4,000 6, 383 3, 828 775 4, 164 4, 500 6, 355 4, 131 4,800 7,600 5, 000 4,200 23, 547 3, 800 25, 179 22, 787 17, 044 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 205 public-school systems: 1955— 56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 45, 338 9, 018, 257 667, 804 322, 922 349, 081 125, 995 10, 778, 754 17, 550 10,796,304 195 1, 506 383, 401 29, 807 21,915 19, 147 13, 128 483, 756 4, 272 488, 028 196 440, 093 26. 458 17, 701 1,527 2, 124 500, 709 500, 709 197 3, 363 888, 529 83,114 26! 122 4,416 14, 423 1, 028, 689 1, 028, 689 198 3. 864 554, 202 54, 738 7, 503 42,815 10, 367 692, 742 692, 742 199 1,260 200, 892 14, 649 13,717 283 2, 540 242, 777 242, 777 200 2, 592 486, 957 37, 941 21,336 34, 043 7,816 605, 522 2, 748 608, 270 201 5,000 262, 800 6,000 20 000 303, 300 303, 300 202 550 390! 429 14,415 875 37,401 454, 007 454, 007 203 27, 203 5,410, 954 400, 682 193, 753 209, 449 75, 597 6, 467, 252 10, 530 6, 477, 782 204 43, 554 6, 126, 488 456, 987 348, 444 226, 693 98, 925 7, 497, 997 42, 865 7, 540, 862 205 3, 008 480, 639 40, 068 30, 919 21,381 9, 505 597, 147 597, 147 206 2, 824 333, 051 27, 607 9, 008 22,819 5, 053 411, 114 411, 114 207 1,153 275, 805 19, 200 8, 955 800 4, 980 322, 355 322, 355 208 5,084 378, 928 30, 445 16, 000 21,112 3,848 462, 979 462, 979 209 2,519 409, 600 24, 838 23,771 4, 543 6, 652 487, 421 1,000 488, 421 210 1,759 306, 023 21,976 23, 931 13, 378 6, 331 385, 554 385, 554 211 1,587 338, 626 24, 037 30, 893 9,311 4, 365 420, 841 16, 650 437,491 212 25, 620 3, 603,816 268, 816 204, 967 133, 349 58, 191 4. 410, 586 25,215 4, 435, 801 213 36, 417 3, 569, 709 299, 029 200, 761 342, 808 50, 600 4, 627, 975 11, 828 4, 639, 803 214 1,994 354, 221 31,952 14, 909 16, 823 2, 932 434, 372 1,960 436, 332 215 6,358 360, 306 26. 479 14, 782 36,318 4, 626 456, 339 456, 339 216 1,400 181,402 17,226 8.410 36, 502 255, 759 255, 759 217 3, 446 326, 232 22, 577 16, 341 32, 624 6, 453 417,046 3, 499 420, 545 218 1,718 181, 189 18, 101 9,850 34, 589 5, 787 264, 064 264, 064 219 1,892 244, 208 21,678 28, 367 1,363 3, 556 308, 408 308, 408 220 19, 609 | 1,922,151 161,016 108, 102 184, 589 27, 246 2, 491,987 6, 369 2, 498, 356 221 47, 052 16, 598, 972 2, 407,357 1, 158, 180 546, 939 522, 523 21, 759, 970 56, 049 21, 816, 019 222 6, 499 8, 356, 450 1, 225, 162 438,110 409, 270 231, 299 10, 922, 421 56, 049 10, 978, 470 223 40, 553 8, 242, 522 1, 182, 195 720, 070 137, 669 291,224 10, 837. 549 10, 837, 549 224 5, 929 4,409,388 583, 257 235, 317 122, 159 93, 043 5, 579, 327 5, 579, 327 225 392 1,127,630 173, 706 56, 332 10, 389 35, 838 1. 449, 991 1, 449, 991 226 5, 537 1, 446, 995 173, 478 40, 680 22, 405 23, 972 1, 736, 792 1, 736, 792 227 1,213,904 166 028 51 702 69 421 22 562 1 569 922 1 569 922 228 620, 859 70, 045 86! 603 19; 944 10; 671 ’ 822; 622 ’ 822, 622 229 71, 321 8, 695, 991 810, 311 414, 732 235, 769 140, 913 10, 690, 518 10, 690, 518 230 3, 351 606, 855 37, 000 35,518 5 140 710, 513 710,513 231 | 9, 038 669, 365 44, 820 21,773 8, 965 6,188 787, 951 787, 951 232 4, 426 419, 979 41,844 14,910 19, 858 4, 140 513, 532 513, 532 233 1, 105 550, 756 55,117 38, 204 15,875 10, 501 686,975 686, 975 234 9, 864 447,311 41, 136 5, 466 27, 132 12,275 549, 508 549, 508 235 5, 700 501,287 59, 924 24, 886 7,549 6, 699 621,645 621,645! 236 79 442, 120 44,510 43. 593 17,000 4,605 582,212 582,2121 237 454, 558 56 972 10 818 9 431 21 904 578 496 578,4961 238 37, 758 4, 603, 760 428, 988 219; 564 124,' 819 74; 601 5. 659; 686 — 5, 659, 686 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 I 260 1 261 ] 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 332, 671 539, 534 4, 849, 686 13, 200 172, 346 19, 805 11,648 27, 700 8,066 12, 839 18, 757 11,900 12, 356 12, 372 11,031 11,944 194, 058 30, 000 21,250 10, 000 17,750 25, 960 25, 100 27, 038 25, 660 27,248 14, 800 314,728 330, 005 160, 090 131,657 264,041 176,722 188, 300 245, 071 173, 197 165, 519 186, 100 2, 828, 984 14,214 3, 442 3, 890 2,896 5, 579 8. 000 16, 985 6, 387 5, 965 4,453 100, 535 3,000 2,418 800 2, 940 2, 094 2,500 7,700 11,553 371, 039 10, 815 578, 572 5, 088, 065 10, 958 5, 692 176, 729 46, 987 17, 048 8,401 14, 582 7,074 10, 600 10, 800 10, 845 7. 992 9. 223 9, 268 8. 340 9. 090 7, 102 240, 674 13, 430 30, 482 13, 800 21,271 15, 600 9, 800 16, 890 10. 568 15, 600 12, 120 18, 321 16. 500 8, 900 375, 290 90, 127 225, 966 111,967 103, 783 122, 200 125, 134 125,811 184, 781 194, 903 97, 192 153,418 138, 939 113,477 3, 300, 367 2,873 3, 849 2,118 1,694 974 1,891 1,200 1,197 2, 000 4, 769 4,180 1,940 14, 320 5,720 4, 485 4, 422 11,724 114, 635 300 3, 850 1,844 3, 624 1,077 1,721 1,484 1,197 30, 478 3, 800 7,015 7,108 3, 692 152, 581 111, 288 301, 522 i 6, 026, 411 90, 467 130, 844 150, 874 43,480 58, 708 52, 160 41,713 29, 638 52, 642 i 29, 008 55, 036 145, 668| 100,818 1,439, 480 3. 294, 7031 1,292, 228 37, 137 7,140 46, 190 26, 502 79, 883 24, 459 25, 045 58, 831 66, 998 14, 655 28. 825 153, 920 29, 117 313, 746 5, 150, 517 48, 767 j 61, 512 97, 446 35, 166 28, 762 28, 424 61, 568 74, 237 69. 750 44,261 125. 498 1,142, 776 1,004,4391 943, 095 2,060, 207 12,818 17, 209 28, 441 38. 978 29, 260 18, 570 18,337 24. 605 17, 470 11,647 19. 507 162, 552 332, 010 5,456,160 174, 858 15, 046 12. 046 135, 460 22, 702 32. 633 276, 675 539, 051 370, 309 4, 546. 800 23, 028 6.115 145,715 20, 700 204, 410 12, 840 184,484 3, 684, 644 15, 167 16, 308 125, 336 13. 335 11,692 14. 729 11,510 20. 545 13, 4081 22, 000 8, 398 218, 080 218,836 387,820 349. 2271 20, 590 2,173 24. 526 4,843 3, 000 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 207 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction- —Continued Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ Total School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Fixed charges rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 ,4 15 16 17 18 66, 751 5, 661, 322 549, 176 464, 606 250, 403 42, 401 7, 300, 579 1, 282 7, 301, 861 5, 000 379, 219 31, 907 52, 844 14, 370 4,419 494, 407 494, 407 1,674 186, 456 4,615 27,185 17,969 2, 182 266, 107 266, 107 3, 524 152,071 13, 421 12,211 649 2,467 188, 885 188,885 1,500 286, 187 22,273 35. 232 14, 468 396 371,395 399 371,794 4,119 500 3, 606 1,044 214, 798 222, 700 295, 640 206, 288 20, 124 31,000 28, 830 19,072 13, 174 6, 500 11,262 6, 924 6,184 14, 300 13. 021 9, 944 3, 445 273, 037 286, 400 361, 109 258, 045 135 273, 037 286, 400 361, 109 258, 180 2,846 4,000 203, 672 211.853 23, 443 34, 138 22, 223 6, 031 6, 550 6,880 4,758 266,919 275, 604 266, 919 275, 604 38, 938 3, 302, 438 320, 353 271,020 146, 068 24, 734 4,258,671 748 4, 259,419 74, 714 5, 992, 532 484, 025 348, 876 460, 855 92, 321 7, 749, 648 — 7, 749, 648 2,148 109, 552 12, 101 10 3, 642 2,519 144, 872 144,872 3, 364 265, 552 15,516 16, 384 26, 100 3,001 334, 954 334, 954 2,511 131, 596 15, 425 11, 195 5, 787 4, 951 183, 536 183, 536 1,635 129, 580 12, 784 9, 023 1,054 2,076 161,591 161,591 2, 000 1,200 141, 800 141,203 20, 000 5, 344 5, 000 6, 422 7, 000 17, 395 i, 509 184, 400 182, 673 184, 400 182,673 815 147, 696 13,810 11,470 7,495 5,410 196, 726 196, 726 2, 957 1,400 205, 940 233, 647 16. 449 33, 590 4,763 17,431 29, 258 685 2,680 265, 638 296, 020 265, 638 296, 020 1,495 117,604 13, 234 2,342 8,411 1, 116 151,975 151,975 2,136 180, 081 22, 253 8, 546 13, 014 3,789 236, 023 236, 023 2, 530 163,875 13, 856 8, 104 12, 367 2,215 209, 507 209, 507 2,060 137,358 9, 291 5, 729 12, 968 2,486 174, 934 174, 934 48, 463 3, 887, 048 313, 962 226, 298 298, 933 59, 884 5, 026, 799 5, 026, 799 53, 134 6, 908, 020 737, 088 328,890 183, 037 77, 545 8, 387, 161 33, 552 8, 420, 713 6, 281 1, 633, 774 143, 650 75, 172 36, 337 20, 160 1, 967, 801 33, 552 2, 001, 353 32, 893 3, 700, 585 438, 607 229, 640 70, 223 43, 527 4, 534, 742 _ 4, 534, 742 13, 960 1,573, 661 154,831 24, 078 76, 477 13, 858 1,884,618 1,884,618 57, 867 5, 758, 972 472, 206 170, 240 1, 016, 595 106, 593 7, 678, 526 92, 995 7, 771, 521 11,597 1,241,428 j 121,428 26, 228 349, 128 19, 649 1, 793, 027 1, 793, 027 17,793 1, 157,021 84, 337 27,012 37, 941 15, 126 1, 350, 199 24, 560 1, 374, 759 5, 330 1, 056, 934 77, 558 48, 904 222, 888 29, 181 1,463, 889 31,237 1,495, 126 23, 147 2, 303, 589 188, 883 68, 096 406, 638 42, 637 3, 071,411 37, 198 3,108,609 25, 698 5, 988, 726 481, 242 141, 750 116, 478 60, 348 6, 951, 096 882 6, 951, 978 1,905 2,378 586, 686 411,435 52, 098 28, 109 7, 220 16, 405 19,413 9, 238 820 670, 288 488, 228 147 670, 288 488, 375 21,415 4, 990, 605 401, 035 118, 125 97,065 50, 290 5, 792, 580 735 5,793,315 25,485 4, 084, 964 413, 395 157, 863 194, 296 48, 519 5, 103, 447 1, 308 5, 104, 755 3,000 1,047 262,215 238, 464 32, 780 26, 877 27, 600 2,864 7,200 7,040 6, 203 343, 130 293, 140 343, 130 293, 140 1,756 436, 102 47, 054 17,379 21,709 2,201 539, 174 539, 174 2, 333 364, 801 f 21,523 12, 863 27,655 2,855 441,207 76 441,283 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 I 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools City by region, State, and group Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff ■ Clerks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SOUTH— Con. SOUTH CAROLI¬ NA— Con. Group V — Con. Mullins .. _ 13, 585 12,819 28. 568 30, 035 68, 137 302, 980 207, 590 434, 762 337, 135 1,228,214 10, 871 3, 593 13, 161 3,800 41.779 Ware Shoals 9,417 25. 861 23, 361 61,494 Williamston _ . York . 8,560 3, 300 6,811 5,056 1,872 6.000 5,436 13, 800 Other cities (esti¬ mated). TENNESSEE 4,280 6,900 423,236 289, 749 1, 192,855 18, 944, 750 288, 344 415, 545 569, 672 456, 493 Chattanooga . 83,353! 68,812 129, 528 141,543 53, 929 100,4551 44, 030 91,335 269, 225 229, 777 402, 026 291,827 3, 357, 277 3, 244, 904 7,869,017 4, 473, 552 71, 568 30, 360 54, 976 131,440 103, 043 107, 500 98, 080 106, 922 128, 491 70,673 246, 236 124, 272 55, 326 63, 770 264, 899 72. 498 Knoxville Memphis _ Nashville _ Group II 118, 198 21, 700 185, 366 2,773,927 47, 250 83, 484 101, 887 29, 597 Jackson _ 14, 029! 24, 889 79, 280 8,600 _ | 44, 180 59, 700 81,486 722,213 757, 104 | 1.294,610 6, 516 11,882 7,534 64, 068 29, 872 18,982 53, 033 15, 007 14, 590 Johnson City _ Oak Ridge _ 13, 100 40, 734 Group III Clarksville ... . 142, 259 45, 806 197, 714 — 3, 531, 748 127, 120 45, 862 164, 368 84,270 25, 371 11,626 21,538 16, 467 13,910 53. 347 6, 890 4,000 8, 722 4, 788 4,229 17,177 37,711 12,600 27, 000 33, 531 12,729 74, 143 523, 249 239, 179 870,451 405, 000 169, 463 1, 324, 406 22, 400 7,000 36, 360 4,601 9, 089 47.670 9,757 32, 338 8, 499 36, 669 22, 168 3, 056 61,638 10,018 5, 073 27,250 5. 729 4,599 31,601 Elizabethton Kingsport 14, 170 3, 657 1,080 17, 198 Morristown _ _ Murfreesboro 5 _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group IV 158, 410 58, 242 188, 210 2, 593, 566 18, 202 75, 316 60, 272 Athens 5 _ 11,682 13, 798 11,055 13, 846 11,745 3, 077 14, 002 79, 205 15, 444 4, 300 7, 725 28, 000 12, 009 19,650 10, 000 12, 421 94, 105 179, 257 159, 669 276, 091 171,644 243, 688 113,779 152,655 1, 296, 783 323 7. 594 2, 586 9, 243 4,666 8,277 1,750 3, 542 37. 658 3,659 1,866 7,489 4, 530 4. 374 3,557 4,661 30, 136 Franklin 5 _ Greeneville _ 4,650 4, 890 2, 191 Lebanon s. _ _ _ Maryville _ 2,000 2,000 2, 587 9, 101 McMinnville 5 _ Paris 5 _ 4, 137 29, 121 1 Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group V _ _ 80, 225 10,131 49, 749 917, 567 6,790 27, 792 28, 593 Clinton 5. _ 8,086 3,471 6,658 9, 000 2,734 4, 433 45. 843 4, 342 83,449 43, 527 58, 119 68, 353 70, 640 69. 155 524, 324 2, 952 2,426 3, 500 1, 380 1. 153 500 15, 881 1,903 968 2,750 2, 349 1,778 2, 506 16, 339 Dayton 5 _ 5, 695 8, 000 4,410 3,216 Etowah 5. _ Newport5. _ __ 1,337 78 1,495 3, 880 Sparta 5 _ Sweetwater 5 Other cities (esti¬ mated). 5, 789 28, 428 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 209 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction- —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 4, 228 318, 079 28, 109 10, 937 19,411 1,665 391, 786 146 | 391, 932 285 751 221,351 26,671 4,505 1,102 3,171 269,619 650 270, 269 286 3, 875 505, 191 48, 608 24, 602 24, 873 10, 735 642, 577 642, 577 287 377, 107 43,975 4, 492 20, 540 5,516 481,665 481,665 288 8, 495 1, 361’ 654 137, 798 52, 621 64, 766 16, 173 j 1,701,149 436 1 1, 701, 585 289 139, 707 22, 297, 115 2, 270, 961 1, 072, 619 356,088 660, 751 27,080, 770 98, 749 27,179,519 290 18, 150 4, 057, 009 370, 321 203, 241 18, 065 26, 546 4, 758, 535 4,758, 535 291 17,528 3, 864, 967 450,775 264, 989 70, 982 121,546 4,842,071 79, 205 4,921,276 292 79, 886 9, 059, 150 773, 650 526, 556 46, 971 486, 584 11,022,439 11,022,439 293 24, 143 5,315, 989 676,215 77,833 220, 070 26, 075 6, 457, 725 19, 544 6, 477,269 294 15, 947 3, 259, 158 430, 630 164, 348 40,335 18, 447 4,031,116 44, 157 4, 075, 273 295 838, 270 65, 333 7,360 22,423 5, 366 952, 781 2,835 955,616 296 857,910 67, 546 18, 692 16, 573 5, 559 991, 169 991, 169 297 15, 947 1, 562, 978 297,751 138,296 1,339 7,522 2,087,166 41,322 2,128;488 298 3, 226 4, 200, 114 523, 150 179, 528 318, 654 69, 318 5,433,023 32, 520 5,465,543 299 642, 363 96,903 26, 739 28, 787 14, 208 834, 371 90 834,461 300 276,351 27, 367 1 12,657 15, 978 4,285 348, 264 348, 264 i 301 1, 020, 622 111,684 63, 297 124,921 8, 894 1 1, 350, 956 20, 235 1,371, 191 302 479, 474 58, 396 4, 987 24, 307 9, 548 593, 179 593, 179 303 2,016 206, 261 32,618 4,525 5, 166 6, 389 268, 869 268, 869 304 1,210 1,575,043 196,182 67, 323 119, 495 25, 994 2, 037, 384 12, 195 2,049, 579 305 15, 000 3, 008, 808 319, 928 84, 478 273, 894 23, 774 3, 869, 292 78 3, 869, 370 306 210, 577 22,281 7, 632 15, 931 3, 538 271,641 39 271,680 307 600 172, 446 14, 264 1,491 677 202, 676 202, 676 308 2,500 330, 164 38, 697 12, 640 23, 309 415, 865 415, 865 309 197, 739 19, 436 4, 791 17,813 1,259 254, 884 254, 884 310 1,200 279, 189 26, 146 8, 561 46,219 3, 103 374, 963 374, 963 311 1,200 132, 286 17,265 2,472 16, 043 171, 143 171, 143 312 2,000 182, 003 21,875 4,652 16, 955 3, 987 243, 474 243, 474 313 7,500 1,504, 404 159, 964 42, 239 136, 947 11,887 1, 934, 646 39 1,934,685 314 5,367 1, 045, 989 116, 468 47, 052 59, 241 5, 861 1,354, 836 1, 354, 836 315 92, 646 11,082 1,882 3, 117 1,406 118,219 118,219 316 52,616 8, 892 6,517 4,238 75, 734 75, 734 317 700 73, 069 8, 979 8,200 4,500 101,406 . ... 101,406 318 900 78, 729 7, 534 1, 153 59 96, 475 _ 96,475 319 76, 865 5, 668 1, 130 7, 121 511 94, 029 - 94, 029 320 700 74, 356 7, 760 1,283 6,354 595 94, 781 94, 781 321 3,067 597, 708 66, 553 26, 887 33, 852 3, 349 774, 192 774, 192 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 j 336 | 337 338 ! 339 i 340 341 l 342 i 343 j 344 j 345 I 346 ! 347 | 348 I 349 350 351 j 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2, 642, 160 824, 875 4, 186, 405 66,436, 490 2, 189, 723 2, 232, 438 1, 748, 515 30, 417 165, 624 93, 428 310,819 3, 902,811 234, 340 142, 385 149, 261 4, 072 240, 678 52, 221 308, 397 4,258,271 186,817 112,857 132, 953 745,751 144, 870 813, 236 14. 593, 571 412,712 450, 133 372, 961 141,197 87, 073 225,116 5, 175, 855 75,317 182, 530 156, 620 5, 995 363, 525 112,896 868, 500 8, 928, 749 459, 987 292, 125 270, 452 664, 543 277, 927 1,078, 862 20, 961,256 470, 951 822, 866 550, 083 20, 350 320, 842 56, 460 581,475 8,615, 977 349, 599 229, 542 116, 185 1, 492, 108 397, 246 1, 561, 889 l 25,747,982 298, 299 492, 674 799, 825 1, 260 73,013 34, 569 113,210 1, 729, 934 23, 622 30, 972 57, 247 326 168, 229 52,675 219, 745 3, 222, 932 82, 334 75, 299 154, 987 34, 588 161, 005 2,318,628 59, 493 75, 999 71,742 16, 500 60, 000 1,090, 054 34, 454 825 77. 792 16, 993 68, 899 1,197,322 13, 200 5, 343 38, 455 121,381 28 425 99 800 1 407 750 33, 894 37, 102 46. 670 75, 348 26, 969 66, 461 l[ 235, 224 27. 445 28, 729 159, 767! 29, 000 196,474 3, 015, 605 93, 209 67, 682 84, 099 127, 690 31, 180 79, 161 2, 447, 280 27, 777 56, 878 109 67, 028 32, 525 88, 353 1,420,272 28, 923 69, 609 21,840 16, 700 34,612 767, 954 17, 358 44. 372 116, 138 37,222 53, 176 1,384, 392 30, 800 47, 092 70, 147 167, 133 27, 500 168, 643 2, 459, 534 103, 574 45, 220 85, 945 90, 020 12, 400 152,350 2,051,101 15, 933 31, 922 1, 694, 330 391, 120 1, 857, 694 26, 138, 245 580, 284 350, 302 1, 138, 201 25, 482 65, 275 10, 821 53, 668 848, 894 17, 578 26, 687 782 29, 250 10, 244 41, 290 493, 045 3, 822 4, 200 16, 957 16 25, 096 6, 276 42 674 496 566 2,421 22, 758 28, 705 6, 176 59, 400 542, 111 3, 333 14, 689 42, 038 10,214 24, 879 588, 325 12, 896 6,338 63, 630 27, 923 5, 182 12,444 416, 331 5,250 10. 260 362 27,219 5, 200 21,200 415, 760 7, 032 6,616 25, 625 70 58, 470 13,922 76, 035 874, 992 12, 900 39, 680 175 32, 784 11,665 57,519 627, 938 4, 500 5, 655 22, 460 4. 751 25, 665 9, 633 34, 568 726, 564 80, 056 7,901 20, 111 794 43, 846 5. 002 39, 298 381, 222 14, 232 2, 300 15, 608 26, 038 5, 002 31,580 367, 920 7, 700 24, 545 81 26, 282 4,402 22, 194 458, 827 3,500 5, 092 24, 904 48,015 18,910 48, 112 821,472 13, 500 18, 504 16, 897 54, 584 6,638 52, 739 728, 371 19, 000 10, 130 46. 021 24, 604 5, 182 17,946 362, 111 6, 962 6, 100 7,067 122 27, 049 .7,000 36, 386 303, 813 44, 390 4,687 13, 791 2, 064 1,081,487 249, 651 1, 185, 762 16, 683, 983 370, 394 223, 597 726,511 16, 265 2, 237, 587 536,436 1, 854, 764 30, 033, 917 1, 084, 546 473,408 1, 306, 323 49,698 50 479 40 568 676 169 38 753 18. 804 18. 708 57, 185 19, 262 53! 499 7S2, 222 30i 880 17, 731 24, 175 150 26. 084 5. 142 15,614 279. 240 6, 699 2,080 8. 683 127 50,065 24 393 414 303 23 119 5,377 29, 737 33,972 5, 000 37,917 403! 976 15, 246 2. 000 19, 278 4, 860 24,487! 28, 650 269, 095 12. 000 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 211 public-school systems: 1955— 56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for dll accounts 1 323 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 265, 462 77, 914, 325 7, 388, 584 3,481,001 3, 077, 867 463, 659 94, 967, 596 538, 981 95,506,577 4,837, 116 468,112 182, 748 98, 779 148, 041 5, 900, 420 52, 573 5, 952, 993 324 27, 137 5, 078, 653 547, 331 244,477 60, 160 6, 171,299 59, 520 6,230,819 325 74, 366 16,861,849 1,731,097 611,027 1,229, 151 100, 095 21, 278, 970 62, 245 ' 21,341,215 1 326 37, 595 5, 946, 101 463, 052 258, 987 236, 230 37,495 7, 083, 062 1 7, 083, 062 327 16,516 10, 949, 225 1,216, 523 600, 970 349, 890 34, 456 13,514,589 "17,578 1 13,532,167 328 81,731 24, 264, 026 1, 900, 130 933, 976 958, 875 135, 403 28, 856, 953 193,211 : 29, 050, 164 1 329 28, 117 9, 977, 355 1, 062, 339 648,816 144, 782 8, 169 12, 162, 303 153, 854 : 12,316,157 330 148, 350 29, 447, 525 2, 730, 594 2, 117, 615 1, 204, 286 321, 371 37, 313, 499 228, 239 37, 541, 738 331 16,273 2, 006, 153 208, 602 67,814 96, 752 16, 835 2, 469, 169 15, 661 2,484,830 332 26, 532 3, 679,517 372, 331 277,471 147,261 45, 054 4, 689, 863 4, 689, 863 333 13, 986 2, 663, 699 202, 229 176,441 77, 698 3. 275, 054 16, 149 3, 291,203 334 9, 637 1,211,470 144, 886 80, 594 166, 785 14, 665 1, 690, 142 6,030 1,696,172 335 7, 581 1, 347, 793 99, 067 45, 851 198, 755 24, 096 1,793, 354 9, 788 1, 803, 142 336 6,481 1,660, 122 234, 869 74, 675 125, 722 24, 126 2, 240, 895 19,913 2, 260, 808 337 3,757 1,388, 585 151,951 89, 595 24,251 12,635 1. 742, 365 10, 000 1,752,365 338 22, 979 3, 509, 048 282, 492 167, 127 123, 631 4, 242, 065 16, 221 4, 258, 286 1 339 11,769 2,654, 154 247, 140 162, 887 64, 898 30, 959 3,287,728 94, 174 3, 381, 902 340 10, 336 1,650, 018 103, 774 226, 606 16, 328 10, 644 2, 074, 398 8,325 2, 082, 723 341 4, 395 885, 391 86, 025 6,407 29, 193 14, 086 1, 042, 942 30, 970 1,073,912 342 9, 320 1,632, 149 152, 576 73,087 54, 131 58. 369 2, 086, 450 2, 086, 450 343 2,890,416 254, 355 138, 782 51 092 56, 321 3, 558, 099 3, 558, 099 344 5, 304 2, 269,010 190,297 530, 278 27, 789 13, 581 3, 120, 975 1,008 3, 121,983 345 254, 425 30, 735,753 2, 906, 220 1, 231, 988 2, 078, 096 446, 865 39, 093, 252 86, 013 39,179,265 346 8, 473 966, 903 112, 370 68, 243 64, 313 16, 787 1,293, 891 2,175 1, 296, 066 347 3,710 573, 284 38, 202 18, 658 12,076 7,231 678,701 3,150 681,851 348 7, 178 577,873 39, 762 6,480 26, 652 23, 147 699, 010 600 699,610 349 4, 272 629, 981 59, 604 22, 466 31, 109 771,865 771,865 350 16, 408 722, 690 89, 341 28, 664 45, 808 928, 541 4,014 932, 555 351 3, 391 453, 220 43, 884 9,119 32, 392 2, 544 569, 082 569, 082 352 1,830 483, 333 50, 456 7,966 39, 358 2, 197 610, 529 610, 529 353 6,200 1, 023, 904 132, 000 88, 335 75, 304 23, 500 1,401,513 1,150 1, 402, 663 354 6,512 741, 000 57,915 17,067 74, 169 4,241 927, 176 927, 176 355 5, 501 885, 128 61,969 47, 155 23, 456 10, 705 1, 054, 078 2, 240 1, 056, 318 356 2,670 460, 332 37,281 6,155 68, 696 15, 657 631,967 631,967 357 1,794 438, 622 40, 113 6,698 14, 853 6,070 532, 394 13, 257 545, 651 358 3, 340 522, 259 44, 323 22, 584 23, 463 8,904 647,815 647,815 359 4,206 941,601 97, 066 44, 160 81,782 16, 769 1,229, 393 1,229, 393 360 6,644 869, 543 79, 281 35, 982 53,751 4, 403 1, 097, 544 3, 525 1, 101,069 361 3, 135 408, 625 28, 835 7,292 16, 746 14,462 500, 564 500, 564 362 6,762 418, 893 38, 784 8, 589 67, 724 5,015 566, 054 1,000 567, 054 363 162, 399 19, 618, 562 1, 855, 034 786, 375 1, 326, 444 285, 233 24, 953, 135 54, 902 25, 008, 037 364 196, 469 35, 535, 561 3, 338,436 1, 547, 530 2, 817, 724 773, 263 46, 250, 101 120,804 46, 370, 905 365 7,694 800, 696 95, 857 32, 577 24, 454 5, 321 1, 009, 384 1,410 1, 010, 794 366 9, 972 917,891 81,386 34, 643 113, 347 8, 426 1,212,878 1,875 1,214,753 367 583 318, 168 33, 950 18, 390 8, 623 405,215 350 405, 565 368 598 497, 527 48, 085 27, 050 54, 306 14, 376 691,409 4, 641 696, 050 369 2,051 490, 328 47,911 19,011 29 963 15 475 636, 660 636, 660 370 1,500 311,245 24, 589 9, 390 41,826 4, 940 416, 477 416,477 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis- Instruction Salaries and wages tration Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers 2 3 4 5 17, 186 6,176 12, 060 270, 802 19, 970 5,182 12, 402 223, 735 17, 525 4. 822 26,413 237, 184 18, 661 5, 528 13,314 283, 800 23, 507 3,258 26, 280 225, 768 35. 769 7, 500 20, 650 397, 856 82, 934 60, 000 86, 743 1,323, 883 38,519 11,111 16, 996 438, 093 24, 6991 6,000 12, 992 394, 586 30, 340 5,142 28, 794 404, 946 25, 800 14, 860 320, 571 36,119 4, 700 44, 330 593, 268 19, 062 3,682 16,056 368,815 32, 999 5, 400 24, 508 403, 695 18, 281 5,738 16, 650 284, 605 10, 292 8, 115 163, 696 21,191 4,942 13,488 372, 179 23, 273 5, 182 15, 987 358, 665 27, 898 9,944 23,914 414,436 1,471,290 352, 725 1,219, 571 19, 748, 329 2, 225, 852 149, 018 1, 595, 846 23,291,998 70,317 33, 932 544, 085 57, 309 28,018 320, 791 8,166 14,815 175, 487 10, 477 11,232 244,121 14, 452 18. 166 196, 976 14,452 12. 900 113,060 21,252 4,491 8,981 176, 467 23, 442 22, 086 260, 621 18,317 12, 126 238, 660 14,817 14, 654 176,918 16,478 18, 869 224, 742 11,535 4, 510 9, 924 133, 400 19, 603 8, 242 15, 427 274, 857 16, 491 4, 890 166, 767 16, 886 4,822 21,200 159,867 17, 163 5,122 6, 000 193,417 16,931 5, 280 6, 006 221.639 24, 604 21,662 263, 936 32, 250 25, 682 292, 045 14, 799 19,872 184, 877 12, 182 8, 134 117,738 31, 568 11,882 223, 741 14. 129 6, 481 141,197 21,771 6.464 156, 773 17,351 10,110 147,717 13, 590 6,246 111,214 17,481 22, 200 289, 661 14, 452 5, 546 150, 591 18, 587 12, 143 358,941 Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 8, 974 16,661 14, 370 8, 748 57,' 200 24, 355 19, 604 9, 550 18,936 12, 063 4, 500 11,550 Clerks 30, 820 19. 392 713, 126 740, 912 15. 249 3, 262 5,156 16, 787 12,320 30, 000 7,727 11,759 9, 799 8, 398 ' 5, 631 3,690 14, 269 3,453 7,139 13, 769 3,453 16, 052 17, 954 1,476 2,000 3, 360 5, 200 56, 221 12, 905 6, 360 1,480 3,200 10, 121 2,675 4,027 1,476 2, 178 3,455 311,282 144, 161 4,426 8, 501 4, 550 960 4,607 2,202 1,400 1,162 1,400 1,790 2,080 1, 181 4, 3,996 Supplies and other expenses 5, 252 13,195 7,229 11,201 8, 443 26,912 44, 231 25,211 16, 045 19, 531 13, 950 29, 125 6,182 16,435 8, 935 4,472 10, 866 24, 943 42, 632 858, 952 42, 294 13, 733 7,096 3, 8, 745 6, 465 9,143 31,432 6,907 28, 235 8, 525 3, 569 4. 760 5, 284 3,225 6. 700 6, 7,582 27, 300 2,854 3, 696 17,952 5,616 6, 300 5, 687 3, 378 567 7, 400 7, Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 136 409 4,074 250 5,950 102 45 748 '32,678 17, 512 619 151 456 table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 213 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,182 306, 058 22, 780 11,779 16, 776 6, 923 381, 502 381, 502 372 273, 344 24, 188 8, 824 19,616 5, 727 351,669 351,669 373 1,591 291,609 18, 208 17; 824 12, 766 9, 436 367, 368 367, 368 374 2,881 320, 493 31, 004 9,650 9, 660 6,600 396, 068 396, 068 375 1,189 273, 686 33, 253 8,466 24, 702 12, 786 376, 400 376, 400 376 1 632 459 750 40 786 30 074 34 199 600 578 13, 062 613 640 377 7; 499 1, 635; 777 181609 88] 324 73, 380 17, 476 2, 079; 500 2, 079, 500 378 6,959 539, 704 69, 063 61,310 114, 787 24, 546 847, 929 3, 529 851,458 379 3,310 458, 897 38, 205 12,852 29, 074 21,125 584, 852 584, 852 380 750 460, 643 44, 123 20, 838 56,816 1,390 614, 150 614, 150 381 2,600 364, 981 35, 900 7,000 25, 680 3,300 462,661 462,661 382 4,027 710,457 62, 792 51, 101 38, 433 6,326 905, 228 905, 228 383 2,485 412, 060 25, 499 12, 289 30, 783 20, 900 520, 593 520, 593 384 3, 479 462, 044 58, 481 19, 799 31,009 604, 332 11,553 615, 885 385 257 327, 735 21,574 14,882 34, 486 20, 991 437, 949 437, 949 386 1, 151 177,479 14, 509 3,176 15, 944 1,608 223, 008 223, 008 387 1,286 404, 237 23, 190 4, 708 48, 682 50 502, 058 4, 951 507, 009 388 2, 144 440, 667 27, 239 12,511 29, 836 12, 498 546, 024 546, 024 389 464 514, 237 39, 119 11,898 36, 059 35, 973 665, 184 665, 184 390 129, 185 23, 365, 848 2, 195, 136 1, 017, 554 1, 852, 750 508, 447 30,411,025 79, 433 30, 490, 458 391 188, 114 27, 169, 748 2, 731, 936 1, 233, 392 2, 333, 954 710, 599 36, 405, 481 96, 008 36, 501, 489 392 4, 296 644,282 138, 669 50, 343 32, 652 8, 683 944, 946 944, 946 393 7,454 379,116 47,211 28, 971 65, 298 23, 156 601, 061 1,731 602, 792 394 4, 488 209,698 21,638 6,616 19, 578 265, 696 265, 696 395 1,127 265, 682 12, 099 4, 432 2,957 295, 647 295, 647 396 1,300 241,974 17, 960 2,886 26, 442 303, 714 303, 714 397 469 132, 894 12,635 10, 241 12, 093 182,315 3, 435 185, 750 398 1,357 212,759 25, 242 948 10,514 11,849 282, 564 1,025 283, 589 399 2,815 347, 005 44, 407 7,500 19, 804 11,824 453, 982 250 454,232 400 943 272, 083 13, 440 8, 390 23, 530 1,889 337, 649 337, 649 401 1,970 236, 369 16,717 2,947 12, 156 7,184 290, 190 304 290, 494 402 1,138 263, 244 19, 627 8,203 17,245 16, 540 341,337 341, 337 403 1,444 152, 847 15, 652 586 5,281 185, 901 167 186, 068 404 1,558 314,842 23,417 12, 050 33,110 13, 952 416, 974 416,974 405 1,452 178, 393 11,983 4, 364 24, 508 235, 739 4, 665 240, 404 406 1, 138 197, 196 23, 394 13, 492 10, 122 261,090 5, 242 266, 332 407 419 211,658 16, 440 3, 330 27, 062 1,545 277, 198 277, 198 408 1,889 246, 292 20, 561 9, 308 26, 773 1,825 321,690 321,690 409 100 293, 280 24, 061 19,202 16, 761 4,917 382,825 382, 825 410 359, 296 40, 510 18, 200 29, 250 14,250 493, 756 1,200 494, 956 411 1,846 214,692 15, 057 7,712 19, 539 2,528 274, 327 274,327 412 500 137,315 14, 821 4,601 15, 380 184, 299 3, 473 187, 772 413 2,497 270, 043 36, 679 23, 744 35, 328 8,954 406, 316 406, 316 414 157,612 17,989 10 024 5 136 3, 688 208 578 208 578 415 300 172,417 21,280 6, 500 22, 350 244; 318 2, 500 246,818 416 690 165, 385 13, 151 11,340 16,613 2, 871 226,711 226,711 417 238 121,076 9, 863 1,723 14, 964 11,761 172, 977 172, 977 418 6, 248 339, 984 43, 092 29, 395 36, 535 13, 113 479, 600 479, 600 419 1,230 164, 767 10, 546 4, 682 36, 331 2,733 233,511 233,511 420 2,383 403,219 31, 503 6,483 31,580 16, 890 508, 262 508, 262 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 t BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city City by region, State, and group SOUTH— Con. TEXAS— Continued Group V — Con. Sinton _ Smithville _ Teague _ Wellington _ Wharton _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). VIRGINIA Group I _ Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction Arlington. Norfolk Richmond Group II Alexandria Charlottesville Danville _ Lynchburg _ Newport News _ Petersburg Portsmouth. Roanoke.. . Group III Harrisonburg _ Martinsville _ Staunton _ Suffolk _ Waynesboro _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Group IV. Buena Vista _ Clifton Forge _ Falls Church _ Radford _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). Adminis¬ tration Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses 1- Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff i Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 26, 460 16, 244 15, 533 12, 420 29, 222 1,525,121 20, 328 5. 545 14, 129 17,434 29,312 1,093.450 269, 270 160, 436 152. 192 137, 503 352, 958 15, 959, 333 8, 688 7,719 5, 867 7,378 3, 447 3,614 374 755 1,200 5,182 5,650 102, 105 18, 695 507, 662 11,986 714,091 98. 777 534, 764 366, 276 991, 592 16, 694, 998 404, 601 565, 721 654, 279 231,779 169, 645 133, 340 141,373 111,775 113, 128 246, 947 335, 340 409, 305 4,344,831 6. 294, 800 6, 055, 367 162, 745 49, 676 192, 180 204, 399 145, 650 215,672 229, 329 149, 900 275, 050 385, 728 333,284 729,201 11,694,000 119,692 390, 952 445, 377 87, 655 18, 759 28, 065 29, 687 36, 373 52, 409 44, 127 88, 653 29. 792 14, 320 25, 000 43,215 47,861 10, 200 74, 225 88,671 104, 003 38, 010 65, 650 75, 843 87,375 67,610 120, 158 170, 552 2, 233, 450 617,982 1, 143, 780 1, 190, 292 1,183, 592 923,312 1. 753, 253 2, 648, 339 78, 664 77, 958 16,450 29, 053 24, 879 31,257 33,218 47, 020 131,117 32, 785 31,876 31, 540 31,317 58, 888 37, 569 73, 869 147, 533 9, 506 20,417 11,105 129, 471 55, 142 235, 593 3, 403, 723 11, 250 78, 334 126, 570 15,014 13,046 18, 679 13, 586 14. 802 11,187 43. 157 3, 967 10, 027 20, 151 24, 500 42, 601 19, 460 27, 650 22, 700 78, 531 323, 879 292, 531 618,112 315, 837 333, 381 385, 409 1, 134, 574 7,316 6. 376 19, 034 12,758 2,318 4,421 26,111 11,995 5, 486 24, 970 9,445 11,745 20, 739 42. 190 4, 800 8,200 9, 767 18, 381 7, 500 3,750 67, 923 9, 429 89, 792 ! 1, 112, 070 34, 644 38, 111 46, 530 5, 652 7, 146 27, 923 13,617 13, 585 3,143 4, 400 8, 400 12. 858 28, 339 22, 237 17.958 131,424 150, 760 339, 356 268,117 222,413 423 8, 292 19,165 2,609 7,622 4, 638 2, 375 23. 861 6,350 9. 306 27,715 1,886 6. 929 Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) 187 237 11,999 197, 268 9,860 88, 150 99, 258 110, 270 790 606 23, 530 36, 685 47,661 3, 190 1,722 1,063 159 footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 215 public-school systems: 1955-56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost 1 1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 422 423 424 425 426 427 Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) -’ Fixed i charges Total for 6 1 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2,132 552 1,674 1,477 2, 097 128, 893 308, 137 176, 575 176, 128 166, 243 420, 935 18,616,310 33, 373 8. 564 12, 394 14, 708 31,371 1,871,882 35, 090 6,288 13, 849 6,758 21,584 845, 102 23, 330 7, 152 22,119 15, 480 17,377 1, 599, 191 10,919 8, 578 437,309 223, 401 240, 023 215, 609 531,468 24, 944, 498 2,698 437, 309 223,401 242, 721 215, 609 535, 003 25,010, 281 10. 979 486, 892 3, 535 65. 783 118, 168 19, 992, 903 2, 475, 392 1, 293, 287 930, 906 163,433 25, 390, 685 263, 323 25,654,008 428 50, 166 5, 389, 650 812,343! 336,318 375, 441 104, 143! 7,249, 674 48, 358 7, 298, 032 429 32, 900 7,208,191 842, 125 447,818 201,250 12, 000 8, 881,029 70, 000 8,951,029 430 35, 102 7,395,062 820, 924 509, 151 354,215 47,290j 9, 259, 982 144, 965 9, 404, 947 431 55, 378 13, 878, 154 1, 691, 595 701,612 517, 190 214, 674 17, 388, 953 187, 059 17, 576, 012 432 8.215' 2, 564,867 353, 701 75, 672 98, 081 19, 869 3.199,845 32, 722 3, 232, 567 433 3,314 722,7421 70. 838 22,640 8,771 6, 831 850, 581 8, 576 859, 157 434 8, 483 1,314,010 122,613 59, 971 8,298 18, 635 1,551,592 24,056 1,575,648 435 5, 627 1,392,196 170, 164 81,222 72. 972 30,917 1,777,158 33, 688 1,810,846 436 7,448 1 1,439,951 179, 224 65. 640 59, 753 48. 999 1. 829, 940 1,829,940 437 6,711 1, 089, 725 197, 228 71,459 42, 843 7,062 1, 460, 726 21,833 1,482,559 438 8, 558 ! 2,113,768 233, 095 135, 075 72, 024 19,250 2,617,339 25,127 2, 642, 466 439 7, 022 | 3, 240, 895 364, 732 189, 933 154, 448 63, 111 4, 101, 772 41,057 4, 142, 829 440 30, 186 3,943,988 468, 025 212, 711 156, 977 84, 808 4, 995, 980 25, 981 5, 021, 961 441 1,996 369, 607 36, 624 44, 895 15, 807 4,883 486,830 ! _ 486, 830 442 2, 115 341, 137 45, 934 8, 028 9,852 4, 124 422, 121 2, 094 424,215 443 7,854 712,571 70, 653 32, 849 37, 340 7,048 879. 140 — 879, 140 444 2,352 372, 152 53, 282 16, 595 15, 557 34, 853 506, 025 4,776 510, 801 445 3, 999 389, 015 49,910 19. 196 7, 776 — 480, 699 3, 599 484, 298 446 1,808 444, 844 55,614 20, 245 18,318 5, 631 555, 839 6,851 562, 690 447 10, 062 1, 314, 662 156, 008 70, 903 52, 327 28. 269 1,665,326 8. 661 1,673, 987 448 7, 393 ! 1,338,765 166, 311 56, 661 46,943 27, 445 1, 704, 048 22, 603 1, 726, 651 449 572 149, 237 18, 593 8, 038 1,588 2,902 186, 010 6,910 192, 920 450 1,405 180, 090 18, 544 15, 833 5,448 3, 544 230, 605 _ 230, 605 451 2,506 440, 942 61,326 11,432 17, 152 8, 559 567, 334 9, 740 577, 074 452 1,431 300, 744 34. 586 10. 026 13. 366 6, 951 379, 290 1,432 380, 722 453 1,479 1 — 267, 752 | 33. 262 11,332 9, 389 5, 489 340, 809 4, 521 : - 1 345, 330 - - 454 216 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city City by region, State, and group Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis- Instruction Salaries and wages tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST 1 Group 1 fcities 11, 420, 070 3, 608, 966 16, 190, 724 216, 804, 861 6, 211, 677 12, 554, 488 9, 279, 011 2, 319, 022 of 100,000 population or more) . 2 Group II (clt- 6, 733, 362 2, 655, 360 8, 193, 225 117, 607, 079 21,129,207 5, 508, 539 5, 553, 213 2, 159, 300 3 ies of 25,000 to 99,999 population). Group III (cit- 7, 070, 374 2, 161, 705 7, 581, 189 113, 006, 604 3, 013, 852 4, 543, 904 6, 124, 364 2, 408, 729 ies of 10,000 to 24,999 population). 4 Group IV cit- 3,142,953 762, 895 3, 290, 636 48, 481, 145 894, 456 1, 368, 007 2, 588, 994 1, 188, 355 ies of 5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation). 5 Group V cities 3, 400, 923 235,462 3, 391, 619 48, 910, 398 724, 838 1, 028, 696 2, 619, 322 847, 561 of 2,500 to 4,999 popu¬ lation). ARIZONA 6 Group 1 854, 587 221, 645 566, 411 11, 522, 195 378, 069 395, 353 658, 828 54, 332 Phoenix: 7 Elementary 480, 906 199, 445 438, 533 8, 195, 078 222, 068 193, 987 354, 686 54, 332 District. 8 High School District.7 373, 681 22, 200 127, 878 3, 327,117 156, 001 201, 366 304, 142 Group II 250, 105 96, 648 371, 670 4, 888, 469 102, 204 194, 186 235, 994 18, 185 9 Tucson _ 250, 105 96, 648 371,670 4, 888, 469 102, 204 194, 186 235, 994 18, 185 Group III 88, 986 15, 772 68, 331 1, 195, 723 37, 623 33, 857 66, 681 34 10 Mesa _ . 88, 986 15, 772 68, 331 1, 195, 723 37, 623 33, 857 66, 681 34 11 Group 1 _ 312, 258 50, 401 362, 633 4, 717, 939 103,933 92, 011 395, 476 2, 982 12 Douglas _ 15, 844 40, 568 43, 393 16, 500 495 163 6, 853 4, 900 4, 380 6, 692 21,423 32, 644 277 13 Flagstaff _ 23, 899 479, 905 337, 482 426 14 Glendale: Elementary District. 17,215 3, 933 10, 645 761 15 High School District. 35, 264 36, 409 371,788 24, 531 26, 760 88, 763 16 Nogales ... _ 12, 400 6, 083 31,669 249, 574 2, 839 7,666 137 Tempe: 17 Elementary District. 44, 240 15, 100 27, 800 466, 700 7, 500 7,600 40, 600 18 High School 21,249 5, 900 6, 300 166, 609 6, 650 1,810 31, 639 193 District. 19 Winslow, ... . 22, 048 20, 099 20, 520 139, 474 336, 126 1,814, 592 13, 525 39, 974 6, 541 9, 990 152, 106 41 20 Other cities (esti¬ 19, 385 35, 389 1,147 mated) 21 Group V 236, 263 216, 100 4, 618, 618 65, 928 58, 813 193, 145 2, 558 22 Avondale . . 11,399 5, 400 29, 120 18,650 183, 269 477, 078 392, 604 3, 800 2, 133 4,457 8, 921 10,918 23, 026 14,518 104 23 Bisbee _ 16, 601 20, 847 24 Chandler _ 12,818 Text- See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS : CITIES 217 public-school systems: 1955—56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts | Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total ! current ex- 1 penditure 1 for all accounts 1 School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction ,0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1, 978, 498 268, 947, 247 35, 156, 098 19, 325, 664 15, 260, 541 24, 221, 847 374, 331, 467 19, 149, 210 393, 480, 677 1 1, 265, 698 145, 071, 621 19, 791, 701 8, 291, 873 10, 596, 746 5, 008, 192 195, 493,495 5, 379, 525 200, 873, 020 2 1, 102, 381 139, 942, 728 20, 139, 184 7, 643, 861 11, 310, 866 4, 289, 107 190, 396, 120 4, 201, 413 194, 597, 533 3 497,939 59, 072, 427 8, 438, 599 3, 397, 503 5, 728, 093 2, 746, 132 82, 525,707 794, 281 83, 319, 988 4 571, 668 58, 329, 564 8, 441, 841 2, 791, 800 7, 361, 425 2, 220, 910 82, 546, 463 992, 730 83, 539, 193 5 141,787 13, 938, 620 1, 889, 127 780, 968 594,038 369, 870 18, 427, 210 19, 912 18, 447, 122 6 115,647 9, 773, 776 1, 156, 489 368, 312 565, 221 235, 850 12, 580, 554 19,912 12,600, 466 7 26, 140 4, 164, 844 732, 638 412, 656 28,817 134, 020 5, 846, 656 5. 846,656! 8 { 110,476 6, 017, 832 703, 988 313, 360 337, 913 212,417 7, 835, 615 42, 735 7, 878,350 110, 476| 6,017,832 703, 988 313, 360 337,913 212,417 7,835,615 42, 735 7, 878, 350 9 9,735 1, 427, 756 218, 722 86, 135 106, 337 25, 482 1, 953, 418 97, 219 2, 050, 637 9.735 1,427,756 218, 722 86, 135 106, 337 25, 482 1,953,418 97,219 2, 050, 637 10 38, 145 5, 763, 520 1 613, 385 285, 907 384,752 132, 064 7, 491, 886 13, 944 7, 505, 830 11 3,213 571,877 56, 985 35, 624 22,147 15, 880 718, 357 718,357 12 2,223 570, 183 74, 136 17,100 83, 721 20, 463 789, 502 7, 777 797,279 13 1,177 370, 498 38, 506 21,176 15, 052 3, 340 465, 787 804 466, 591 14 8,712 556, 963 51,478 33, 732 29, 377 13, 141 719, 955 719, 955 15 865 298, 833 31, 502 9, 305 24, 597 3,195 379, 832 379, 832 16 3,500 568, 800 52, 000 24, 600 33, 350 8, 832 731, 822 731,822 17 2,110 221,211 33, 203 10, 000 15, 548 6, 027 307,238 — 307, 238 18 1,674 388, 417 39, 658 24. 406 12, 978 10, 392 497,899 _ 497, 899 19 14, 671 2, 216, 738 235,917 109, 964 147, 982 50, 794 2,881,494 5, 363 2, 886, 857 20 37, 048 5, 192, 210 483, 206 193, 808 404, 943 172, 953 6,683,383 13, 825 6, 697, 208 21 1,193 206,817 21,928 8, 397 18, 145 3, 907 270, 593 5, 530 276, 123 22 3, 444 537, 125 41,336 22. 447 39, 658 17,359 674, 526 _ 674, 526 23 1 3,416 450, 927 1 46, 198 1 15, 659 25, 531 23. 948 1 583,110 1 583, 1 10' 24 218 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group WEST— Con. ARIZONA— Con. Group V— Con. Clifton _ Coolidge 5 _ Eloy 56 _ Other cities (esti¬ mated) CALIFORNIA 30 Berkeley _ 31 Long Beach ' 32 Los Angeles 7 _ 33 Oakland 7 34 Pasadena ' _ 35 Sacramento 7 _ 36 San Diego 7 _ 37 San Francisco 7 _ 38 Group Alameda _ Alhambra Bakersfield 5 _ Beverly Hills _ Burbank _ Compton: Elementary District. High School District. Fresno _ Glendale _ Inglewood _ Lynwood _ Palo Alto _ Pomona _ Redondo Beach: Elementary District. High School District. Redwood City: Elementary District. High School District. Richmond _ Riverside _ San Bernardino San Jose _ San Leandro _ San Mateo: Elementary District. High School District. Santa Ana ■ _ Santa Barbara 7 Adminis¬ tration Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room 1 teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff 1 Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20, 400 16, 491 8,767 141,758 11,950 11,600 9. 720 129, 660 208, 500 406,710 179, 287 2, 771, 170 270 6, 094 1,650 35, 288 6, 550 12, 620 9,626 115, 887 600 157 162 1,535 9, 753 39, 557 8, 003, 536 2, 580, 587 11, 781, 818 :152, 020, 372 4,280, 513 9, 898, 935 6, 598, 066 1, 313, 526 207, 822 73, 222 184, 398 2, 560, 583 237, 982 199, 833 137, 506 17,611 721,247 283, 207 552, 000 11.489,606 1,346,383 1, 009, 874 494, 459 174, 976 4.212,4701 1,024,633 6, 526, 372 83, 264, 689 800, 224 5. 227, 508 3, 110.463 788, 070 588, 564 288, 662 1,013,803 11.653,696 268, 085 818, 337 557,514 65, 155 470,814 368, 782 442, 780 6. 288, 563 209, 000 662, 180 318.276 44,678 290, 692 1 80. 746 390, 375 6. 005, 470 382, 364 315, 494 404, 944 770, 572 152,281 708, 456 11,964,718 774, 986 770, 772 679, 061 53,831 741,355 309,0541 1,963, 634 18, 793, 047 261,489 894, 937 895,843 169, 205 5, 072,839 1,887,377 5, 056, 574 75, 320, 888 1, 758, 657 4, 365, 583 3, 971, 093 1, 494, 706 127, 300 33, 119 112, 500 2, 093, 194 39, 235 87, 269 93, 364 22, 734 528, 486 1 42, 900 129, 000 2, 460, 901 147, 600 115, 405 97, 569 16,610 205, 641, 60, 359 174, 180 2, 799, 958 168, 300 139,615 133, 632 18, 945 95, 665 26, 1401 60. 300 921,538 116, 596 41,077 77,318 14,933 165, 374 67.990 182, 504 3, 362, 927 27, 330 175.725 122,871 35, 789 118, 539 60,737 155, 842 1, 770, 301 11, 184 82, 569 82, 933 41,566 164, 557 16, 560 178, 100 1, 823, 262 116, 937 53, 655 53, 900 259,911 58, 500 408, 500 5, 663, 616 58, 536 265, 043 249,411 290, 259 294, 400 310, 100 4, 158,827 70, 800 241, 577 239, 349 123, 179 104, 600 188. 000 1,903, 525 34. 000 128, 560 129. 036 65, 654 7, 500 80, 400 1,245,613! 70,473 73, 983 21,521 117,551 49. 841 201.448 1.961.904 53, 284 160, 085 158,764 37, 137 108, 115 78. 800 163, 300 1, 732, 540 22, 800 109, 339 122, 036 53, 577 65, 000 1,142,072 13, 230 28, 742 51,060 22. 766 67,275 . 20, 000 977, 120 80, 948 62, 880 53, 254 17,820 50. 959 28, 000 118,310 1,602.008 83, 064 69. 223 121, 598 94, 323 71, 578 28, 325 1,363, 286 31,290 90. 086 85, 179 24, 497 336, 860 85, 200 243, 200 5, 770, 636 23, 200 240, 900 973, 056 305, 275 156, 063 60. 000 134, 300 3. 525, 078 135, 692 119, 301 49. 584 326, 870 93, 500 314, 500 4, 588. 442 147, 160 342, 578 224, 978 39, 670 420. 632 72, 000 294. 400 4.416.5051 87,822 287, 309 276, 183 20, 563 116, 851 66, 500 119,000 1.887,045 26. 065 102. 452 124, 201 72, 520 46, 640 146, 452 1,681,262 4,306 70, 663 65, 028 85, 292 56, 000 36, 833 1,331,284 37, 459 55, 176 100, 206 26. 038 143, 737 25, 651 182, 958 2, 389. 286 123, 103 223, 774 109, 879 71,966 130, 312 141, 200 175, 700 1,983.044 124, 500 1 148, 726 81,915 15. 000 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 219 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction- School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 10 11 12 13 14 1 15 16 17 18 2, 585 230, 455 21,600 8,400 1 10, 600 7,300 298, 755 298, 755 25 1,771 448, 705 40, 532 5, 794 41,824 12, 584 565, 930 565, 930 26 2,410 202, 855 21,689 16, 826 26, 219 4,083 280, 439 280, 439 27 22, 229 3,115, 326 289, 923 116,285 242, 966 103,772 4, 010, 030 8, 295 4,018,325 28 1, 509, 982 189, 983, 799 24, 734, 164 13, 502, 588 10, 391, 571 19, 144, 496 265, 760, 154 15, 992, 897 281,753,051 29 34, 245 3, 445, 380 621,423 222, 260 174, 796 154, 445 4, 826, 126 501,011 5, 327, 137 30 104, 748 15,455,253 2,219, 788 837, 854 991,447 485,811 20,711,400 980, 198 21,691,598 31 632, 710 101,374,669 12,448, 726 7,634, 851 5, 859, 947 12, 807, 110 144, 337, 773 7, 852, 633 152, 190, 406 32 117,006 14, 782, 258 1,783,931 744, 356 643, 503 452, 239 18, 994,851 498, 305 19,493,156 33 89, 433 8, 423, 692 1,242,408 573, 445 441, 906 710,351 11,862,616 1,235,153 13, 097,769 34 94, 116 7, 673, 509 1,240, 330 474, 021 249, 845 289, 953 10,218,350 303, 599 10, 521,949 35 337, 005 15,441,110 2,117,135 1, 383, 766 740, 733 480, 003 20, 933, 319 2, 544, 562 23, 477,881 36 100,719 23, 387, 928 3, 060, 423 1, 632, 035 1, 289, 394 3, 764, 584 33,875,719 2,077,436 35, 953,155 37 883, 589 94, 738, 467 13, 566, 478 5, 555, 481 7, 527, 192 2, 875, 392 129, 335, 849 4, 862, 069 134, 197, 918 38 10,614 2, 492, 029 422,219 188, 250 117, 513 79, 053 3, 426, 364 129, 386 3, 555, 750 39 25,113 3, 035, 098 436, 557 152, 288 290, 987 156, 739 4,600,155 19, 230 4,619,385 40 29, 574 3, 524, 563 473, 545 155, 393 230, 256 119, 309 4, 708, 707 18, 203 4, 726, 910 41 35,615 1,293,517 197,680 168, 780 62, 076 37,917 1,855, 635 72, 375 1,928,010 42 46, 221 4, 021, 357 504, 192 262, 489 143,678 135, 901 5, 232, 991 228, 824 5 461,815 43 2, 205, 132 306, 656 124, 452 85, 766 63, 768 2, 904, 313 238, 849 3, 143, 162 44 8, 924 2, 251, 338 426, 845 156, 107 207, 552 85, 220 3, 291,619 70, 633 3, 362, 252 45 101,438 6, 805, 044 1,016, 527 479, 254 788, 556 169,074 9, 518, 366 282, 143 9, 800, 509 46 5,315, 053 862, 407 292, 458 203, 857 177,277 7,141,311 86, 528 7, 227, 839 47 2,487, 721 451,870 130, 506 187,230 73,011 3, 453, 517 20,210 3, 473, 727 48 12, 074 1,511,564 268, 675 91,036 118,514 48, 122 2, 103, 565 61,937 2, 165, 502 49 71,028 2, 693, 491 345, 173 133, 069 152,745 38, 893 3, 480, 922 232, 333 3,713,255 50 2,228,815 273, 547 93, 175 116,876 61,367 2,881,895 20, 802 2, 902, 697 51 1, 322, 870 143, 902 57, 920 88, 821 24, 527 1,691,617 600 1,692,217 52 8, 362 1,220, 384 231, 121 95, 797 105, 174 56, 491 1,776, 242 110, 770 1,887,012 53 23, 066 2, 045, 269 228, 125 78, 593 87,341 46, 647 2, 536, 934 35, 982 2,572,916 54 4, 586 1,698,827 329, 577 141,265 92, 159 45, 784 2, 401,935 106, 354 2, 508, 289 55 137, 152 7,778,619 1,059, 885 292, 454 733, 289 202, 933 10, 404, 040 707, 760 11,111,800 56 26, 695 4, 050, 650 431, 164 127,692 249, 652 113,191 5,128,412 251,842 5, 380, 254 57 56, 947 5, 807, 775 692, 327 377, 244 898, 788 157,541 8, 260, 545 693, 484 8, 954, 029 58 45, 103 5, 499, 885 775, 300 436, 252 813, 588 154, 222 8, 099, 879 310, 581 8,410, 460 59 14, 667 2, 339, 930 378, 041 170, 652 304, 592 62, 937 3, 373, 003 151,080 3, 524, 083 60 19, 674 2, 034, 025 253,012 59, 839 170, 178 54, 754 2, 644, 328 28, 255 2, 672, 583 61 30, 860 1, 673, 856 294, 795 90, 489 82, 004 134, 700 2, 361, 136 100, 371 2, 461, 507 62 12, 501 3, 139,118 472, 466 197, 777 158, 350 108, 458 4,219, 906 370, 836 4, 590, 742 63 25, 000 2, 695, 085 335, 398 143, 952 261,271 95, 693 3, 661,711 268, 045 3, 929, 756 64 509375 0-59-16 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff i Clerks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 236, 493 62, 662 211,632 3. 425, 867 76,416 293, 869 184, 413 10, 085 244, 645 132, 000 405, 100 4, 688, 850 47,844 315, 164 111,413 111,413 166, 199 45, 000 216, 690 2, 650, 997 102, 585 164, 675 145, 929 26, 473 5, 245, 122 1, 628, 560 5, 397, 822 80, 134, 767 2, 157, 666 3, 890, 767 4, 643, 041 1, 822, 029 45, 523 33, 950 91,196 946, 592 40, 968 42, 520 61,376 14, 578 58, 852 7, 100 66, 700 969, 468 18, 500 9, 234 67, 939 83. 523 44, 248 28, 500 530, 560 30, 560 19, 495 2, 874 17, 398 46, 395 40, 000 522, 369 15, 000 50, 794 27, 147 44,013 58, 230 431, 659 37, 275 12,411 26, 063 96, 478 23, 532 98, 973 1, 072, 520 22, 196 51,813 59, 582 97, 386 133, 149 1,309,411 70, 224 94, 194 73, 586 42, 860 36, 566 15, 243 51, 309 564, 322 5, 621 15, 432 14, 133 3, 743 28, 550 7,794 7, 793 317,052 5, 284 6,137 42, 384 35,916 11,600 33, 000 515, 941 24, 164 41,589 75, 401 34, 420 77, 436 1, 143, 434 74, 976 66, 824 82, 886 55, 550 13, 800 84, 200 1,010, 272 4, 700 36, 329 54, 922 50, 346 15, 000 752, 642 38, 500 52, 726 96, 955 22, 366 34, 102 33, 000 282, 258 15, 501 19, 966 32, 895 45, 600 40, 600 514,813 9, 785 32, 028 4, 722 36,311 6, 000 276, 070 10, 000 5, 130 29, 593 5, 432 59, 736 21,995 72, 026 746,917 10, 000 37, 523 28, 928 2, 395 29, 320 33, 600 55, 970 530, 290 3, 500 14, 091 27, 808 8. 666 18, 130 37,810 476, 325 14, 336 28, 966 10, 952 120, 558 24, 000 140, 400 3, 069, 667 175, 000 172, 800 31,019 149, 148 53, 191 14, 140 43, 125 709, 884 16, 845 30, 112 20, 599 9, 972 48, 185 85, 500 40, 500 451, 933 20, 500 45, 926 26, 456 26, 137 21,270 7, 900 44, 570 460, 201 17,937 17,895 10, 879 39, 868 27, 425 33, 835 900, 116 52, 143 52, 627 12, 668 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 221 public-school systems: 1955— 56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 24, 520 4, 289, 464 531,642 222, 783 165, 333 117,919 5, 563, 634 65, 974 5, 629, 608 65 97, 655 5, 909, 439 886, 727 407,091 375,413 184, 070 8, 007, 385 44, 391 8,051,776 66 16, 200 3, 368, 549 537, 103 228, 424 235, 633 69, 874 4, 605, 782 134, 291 4, 740, 073 67 791, 969 100, 466, 621 14, 417, 691 5, 172, 278 7, 990, 834 2, 649, 625 135, 942, 171 3, 964, 046 139, 906, 217 68 6, 800 1, 237, 980 166, 297 38, 277 92, 986 31, 679 1,612, 742 201, 637 1,814, 379 69 23, 639 1, 246, 103 172,119 83, 654 110,141 41,816 1,712, 685 35, 995 1,748, 680 70 5, 273 634, 660 89, 378 20, 175 42, 586 15, 784 846, 831 10, 349 857, 180 71 628, 163 95, 456 48, 852 51, 699 18,315 888, 880 888, 880 72 5, 593 615, 244 78, 666 25, 854 41,631 17, 368 805, 910 4, 056 809, 966 73 22, 100 1, 350, 716 188, 167 37, 734 153, 084 44, 032 1,870,211 188, 520 2, 058, 731 74 1, 723, 424 254, 262 108, 022 150, 967 56, 706 2, 390, 767 140, 305 2, 531,072 75 2,854 672, 657 62,211 23, 631 33, 951 16, 755 845, 771 5, 255 851,026 76 386, 444 59, 959 16, 620 31, 309 9, 636 532, 518 225 532, 743 77 626, 294 72, 504 36, 735 13, 476 784, 925 13, 831 798, 756 78 1, 479, 976 241, 546 66, 421 93, 022 41,705 1, 998, 071 3. 167 2, 001,238 79 1, 204, 223 141,073 20, 007 73, 763 20, 167 1, 514, 783 1,712 1, 516, 495 80 7,911 986, 100 158, 964 59, 102 80, 456 1,334, 968 1 19, 400 1, 354, 368 81 350, 725 64, 875 23, 646 24, 122 10, 542 508, 012 12, 030 520, 042 82 4, 721 652, 269 80, 261 15, 392 56, 135 11,295 848, 247 9, 574 857, 821 83 2, 900 335, 125 80, 294 21,381 73, 647 12, 758 559, 516 13, 720 573, 236 84 919, 784 132, 546 65, 573 71,974 25, 884 1, 275, 497 33, 672 1, 309, 169 85 4,194 678, 119 66, 788 38, 666 50, 478 13, 570 876, 941 4, 704 881,645 86 4,838 573, 227 67, 107 19, 335 76, 599 19, 294 773, 692 42, 529 816, 221 87 3, 762, 034 451, 764 221,874 280, 523 99, 863 4, 936, 616 83, 274 5, 019, 890 88 1,125 845, 802 133, 629 51, 780 78, 363 25, 910 1,188, 675 5, 634 1, 194, 309 89 696, 952 87, 131 61, 063 65,412 23, 089 981,832 5, 039 986, 871 90 5,310 564, 692 73, 160 23, 684 36, 593 14,814 734, 213 226, 325 960, 538 91 17, 892 1, 096, 706 146, 453 46, 845 95, 681 30, 855 1, 456, 408 23, 033 1,479, 441 92 222 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Text¬ Adminis- tration Class¬ Other Supplies and other books (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory staff 1 pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST— Con. CALIFORNIA— Continued Group III — Continued 93 Piedmont _ 26, 109 50, 467 74, 980 37, 900 33, 000 56, 000 452, 688 596, 676 691,965 24, 000 35,215 12, 800 23, 022 21, 502 2,440 16, 232 23, 376 4,212 94 San Marino 95 Santa Clara 14, 000 62, 755 Santa Paula: 96 Elementary Dis- 27,833 32, 844 358, 067 43, 360 12,918 13,911 trict. High School Dis- 6, 500 97 24, 703 13, 000 198,636 21, 500 7,508 11,685 trict. 98 Santa Rosa 66, 753 54, 125 85, 450 69, 000 1,365,315 572, 300 45,941 30, 910 110,514 28,079 19,313 99 South Pasadena 7, 500 18, 000 39, 837 100 South San Fran¬ 58, 376 11,000 68, 200 1,326,512 15, 000 39, 220 63, 866 20, 426 cisco. 101 Torrance _ 151,454 108, 000 2, 542, 376 49, 500 133, 034 173, 822 35,721 Ventura: Elementary Dis¬ trict. 21,000 102 42, 794 50,400 548,418 27, 500 19, 345 26, 538 103 High School Dis¬ 114, 546 116, 606 1, 432, 200 125, 206 116,081 10, 622 trict. 104 Visalia 42, 347 37, 452 12, 400 19, 502 55, 400 28, 000 1,081,771 681,310 34, 156 47,322 63, 532 105 Watsonville __ 6,515 48, 624 Whittier: Elementary Dis¬ trict. 106 76, 808 26, 157 103, 909 909, 629 21,990 44, 154 43, 053 107 High School Dis¬ 122, 266 108, 400 34,875 1, 782, 686 29, 730 156, 199 247, 907 62, 995 trict. 108 Other cities (esti¬ 3, 082, 185 956, 989 3,171,916 47, 089, 502 1, 267, 907 2, 286, 327 2, 728, 385 1,070,677 mated). 109 Group IV 1, 756, 942 452, 718 1, 527, 418 24,479,297 453, 320 953, 357 1, 379, 559 851,196 110 Banning 21, 560 30, 424 12, 800 16, 200 _ 281,777 423, 870 5, 550 31,926 111 Claremont _ 4,500 36, 437 Delano: 112 Elementary Dis¬ 24, 007 17, 700 389,418 9,000 17,284 1,500 trict. 113 High School Dis¬ 34, 280 307, 495 4, 150 18, 664 30,613 4,000 trict. El Monte: 114 Elementary Dis¬ 74, 775 45,312 99, 145 1,177,420 4,825 59, 508 48, 937 8,620 trict. 115 High School Dis¬ 72, 383 51,078 22, 500 43, 880 985,613 718, 238 66, 395 18, 550 110,103 27,721 108, 538 29, 142 7,500 116 trict. El Segundo Huntington Beach: 25, 050 78, 133 117 Elementary Dis¬ 28,414 7,000 7,400 272, 426 22,671 trict. 118 High School Dis¬ 29, 325 23, 700 357, 089 14, 522 18, 281 31,663 4,389 trict. 119 Lindsay _ 17,414 23, 360 25, 300 21, 300 273, 500 326, 554 5,014 10, 654 7,564 10,712 23, 468 120 Lompoc _ 27, 695 5, 127 Mountain View: 121 Elementary Dis¬ 34, 942 8, 700 38, 500 436, 241 5, 700 5, 000 9,119 14, 955 trict. 122 High School Dis¬ trict. 27, 100 36, 000 347, 399 14,000 20, 286 56, 282 123 Palm Springs 50, 921 9,800 52, 000 499, 298 4,500 28, 539 42, 587 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I CITIES 223 public-school systems: 1955—56— Con iinucri Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses 10 —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3. 251 561,305 79, 722 29, 770 9, 767 24, 282 730, 955 12, 119 743, 074 93 9,481 719, 250 141,240 47.846 43, 546 21,966 1,024,315 16, 468 1,040, 783 94 839, 960 150, 443 28, 949 65, 083 20,615 1, 180,030 20, 649 1,200,679 95 10,218 471,318 66, 463 20, 885 96, 077 10, 281 692, 857 4,065 696, 922 96 2, 100 260, 929 41,489 19, 978 27, 006 8, 820 382, 925 9, 304 392, 229 97 3, 906 1,630,439 197, 902 53, 941 141,343 38, 532 2, 128,910 4, 762 2, 133, 672 98 765, 626 110, 662 74, 873 29, 923 23, 868 1,059,077 6, 005 1,065,082 99 20, 406 1, 564, 630 204, 040 79, 783 71,792 33, 073 2,011,694 9, 594 2,021,288 100 90,216 3, 132, 669 519,458 101, 398 263, 973 28, 929 4,197,881 1,086 4, 198, 967 101 7,986 701, 187 85, 426 42,914 62, 231 19, 433 953, 985 151,905 1,105, 890 102 19, 644 1,820, 359 285, 765 133, 489 127, 909 56, 036 2, 538, 104 30, 378 2, 568, 482 103 1, 247, 259 218,712 56,811 113, 496 36, 688 1,715,313 8, 385 1,723, 698 104 12,930 844, 203 97, 162 39, 778 62,213 27, 294 1, 108, 102 69, 929 1,178, 031 105 9, 821 1,158,713 171,644 38, 980 78, 704 34,012 1, 558, 861 7,302 1, 566, 163 106 21,476 2, 444, 268 410, 702 189, 180 223, 528 106, 963 3, 496, 907 198, 721 3, 695, 628 107 465, 384 59, 037, 087 8,472, 251 3, 039, 380 4, 695, 645 1,556,996 79, 883, 544 2, 329, 388 82,212, 932 108 290, 482 30, 387, 347 4,424,725 1, 921, 750 3, 230, 472 1,358,238 43, 079,474 627, 287 43,706,761 109 332, 053 38, 326 37, 399 37,035 13, 992 480, 365 1,599 481,964 110 18, 199 499, 206 58, 026 27, 501 54, 833 12, 098 682, 088 2, 202 684, 290 111 4,200 439, 102 45, 934 29, 443 32, 519 16, 572 587, 577 1,271 588, 848 112 3, 800 368, 722 78, 020 58. 658 61,048 20, 910 621,638 9, 089 630, 727 113 5, 805 1,449, 572 163, 251 62, 804 133,316 36, 105 1,919, 823 40, 972 1,960, 795 114 29, 143 1,351,434 236, 799 104, 605 237, 843 185, 730 2,188, 794 60, 899 2, 249, 693 115 7, 500 926, 572 153, 356 82, 243 57,413 26,717 1, 297, 379 18,493 1,315,872 116 309, 497 64, 770 2, 673 32, 359 15, 552 453, 265 516 453,781 117 4,644 454, 288 91,437 38, 545 70, 785 22, 638 707,018 1,861 708, 879 118 334, 846 43, 141 27,241 21,215 12, 240 456, 097 w 4, 851 460, 948 119 1,789 403, 831 58, 808 23, 197 87, 335 21,604 618, 135 36, 851 654, 986 120 518,215 67, 545 22, 492 50, 058 14, 501 707, 753 2,489 710, 242 121 473, 967 60, 103 8, 464 36, 036 19,216 624, 886 12,513 637, 399 122 8,919 645, 643 96, 393 56, 789 68, 263 23, 834 941,843 9. 191 951,034 123 224 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory staff 1 pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST— Con. CALIFORNIA— Continued Group IV — Continued Porterville: 124 Elementary Dis¬ trict. 22, 262 28, 620 26,810 496, 140 7,335 6, 550 13,013 125 High School Dis- 35, 760 42, 200 556, 970 6, 100 5, 000 15, 193 60, 757 trict. Roseville: 126 Elementary Dis- 20, 075 33, 300 289, 727 4,673 7,625 12, 400 trict. 127 High School Dis- 13,752 6, 300 7,300 183, 144 5, 700 5, 000 5, 859 24, 047 trict. 128 San Anselmo ’ 18, 200 4, 100 40, 600 5, 540 296, 103 116, 101 5, 965 1,500 32, 066 129 Sierra Madre 9 _ 9,513 3,119 4,319 Ukiah: 130 Elementary Dis¬ 14, 021 11,000 17, 900 337, 547 12, 683 39, 449 trict. 131 High School Dis¬ 23, 166 6, 000 201,829 2,444 10, 742 6, 420 trict. 132 Upland 5 _ 18, 876 8,950 28, 400 270, 327 6,050 8, 037 12, 701 Yuba City: 133 Elementary Dis¬ 13,874 7,008 18,216 306, 902 14, 988 12, 177 trict. 134 High School Dis¬ 10, 576 7,000 181,371 24,515 trict. 9 135 Other cities (esti¬ 1,036, 884 267, 178 901,427 14, 446, 798 267, 533 562, 637 814, 166 502, 345 mated). 136 Group V 1, 338, 013 92, 554 1, 162, 419 17, 713, 127 221, 475 506, 891 1, 100, 449 336, 507 137 Areata _ 32, 308 12, 678 32, 900 17, 500 527,617 218, 767 5, 300 8 808 45, 756 138 Beaumont . _ 5, 742 Brea: 139 Elementary Dis¬ 21,513 12, 100 206, 538 6,716 6, 000 14, 804 trict. 140 High School Dis¬ trict. 13, 874 15, 400 117,823 9,313 3,000 12,716 141 Carlsbad 5 _ 19, 752 5, 300 10, 800 185,055 4,900 6, 953 3, 000 7,003 Clovis: 142 Elementary Dis¬ 11,500 6, 600 138, 180 3, 650 8,500 trict. 143 High School Dis¬ 10, 724 6, 000 297, 628 9, 158 8, 266 34, 367 10, 627 trict. 144 Dinuba 23, 595 16, 744 15, 749 15, 900 29 100 297, 537 195,417 163, 459 3, 700 9,948 6,000 3, 840 4,715 5, 159 19, 360 6, 984 15 201 145 Emeryville _ 19! 860 13, 800 l! 460 146 Fillmore: Elementary Dis¬ trict. 147 High School Dis¬ trict. 23, 038 8,000 215, 109 6, 000 6, 993 21, 394 Healdsburg: 148 Elementary Dis¬ trict. 5,825 13, 500 121,562 720 6, 427 149 High School Dis¬ 10, 537 14, 000 217,911 6,366 6, 000 12,001 150 trict. Hemet _ __ 27, 166 29, 709 15, 560 32, 749 20, 740 12. 200 408, 504 194,318 158.689 17, 050 11,911 10, 167 2. 340 27, 732 14, 331 4,245 3,615 151 Hillsborough 9 _ 152 Hollister 5. _ _ 4,373 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 225 public-school systems: 1955— 56— -Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction- —Continued Operation of the school plant Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11,742 590, 210 65, 287 22, 829 39, 710 13, 605 753, 903 3. 348 757, 251 124 686, 220 107, 152 25, 953 83, 443 19, 776 958, 304 9, 426 967, 730 125 5, 500 353, 225 36, 700 14, 070 13, 291 20, 725 458, 086 2,150 460, 236 126 237, 350 40, 771 39, 408 29, 193 11,311 371, 785 780 372, 565 127 378 834 49 048 23 635 17 283 9 045 496, 045 496, 045 128 1,800 132, 379 20, 202 6, 438 5,713 3, 726 177,971 23, 778 201, 749 129 418, 579 68, 553 12, 453 59, 308 12, 150 585, 064 585, 064 130 3, 034 230, 469 41,226 10, 573 40, 339 345, 773 1,200 346, 973 131 6. 675 341, 140 42, 766 19, 998 18, 985 9, 228 450, 993 5,150 456, 143 132 6, 300 365, 591 40, 603 25,619 10, 220 10, 808 466, 715 . . 466, 715 133 212, 886 45, 195 4, 572 26, 421 4, 572 304, 222 8,456 312, 678 134 171,432 17, 933,516 2,611,313 1, 134, 148 1,906, 508 801, 583 25, 423, 952 370, 202 25. 794, 154 135 306, 430 21,439,852 3, 290, 036 1, 076, 950 2, 387, 383 804, 263 30, 336, 497 672, 953 31, 009,450 136 620, 381 89. 058 23, 969 78, 441 25, 953 870,110 1,200 871,310 137 242, 009 25, 484 10. 845 20, 982 7, 549 319, 547 3, 998 323, 545 138 246, 158 40, 407 16,913 15, 367 8,616 348, 974 575 349. 549 139 8, 345 166, 597 42, 262 8, 051 23, 155 8, 278 262,217 590 262, 807 140 5,000 228,011 37, 734 4,179 25. 856 7, 547 323, 079 2, 247 325, 326 141 156, 930 25, 666 1,810 9, 729 5, 100 210, 735 210,735 142 1,835 367, 881 71,073 26, 684 39. 952 14,616 530, 930 530, 930 143 16,171 388, 768 63, 336 22, 745 59, 031 18, 355 575, 830 3,000 578, 830 144 2,084 251, 969 40, 843 23, 542 19, 045 5, 347 357, 490 21,480 378, 970 145 2,056 191,014 29, 495 7, 509 22, 507 5, 183 271,457 29. 087 300, 544 146 932 258, 428 51, 188 18, 487 35,417 14, 500 401,058 8. 608 409, 666 147 500 142, 709 13, 044 4,273 15, 148 2,960 183, 959 19, 053 203,012 148 11,780 268, 058 38. 398 9, 077 31,447 11,253 368, 770 1,345 370, 115 149 6,898 508, 459 82, 850 30, 743 62, 631 18, 404 730, 253 46, 853 777, 106 150 11, 108 250, 664 37, 857 14, 540 11,358 7,618 351, 746 5, 206 356, 952 151 4, 245 i 186, 092 19, 408 13,317 16, 030 4, 225 254, 632 254, 632 152 226 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff > 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST— Con. CALIFORNIA- Continued Group V — Continued Livermore: 153 Elementary Dis¬ trict. 21,042 10, 600 20, 000 272, 695 13,110 17,117 5, 000 154 High School Dis- 7,800 4, 500 127, 989 4,740 10,318 6, 000 trict. Los Gatos: 155 Elementary Dis- 20,724 24, 000 292, 263 7, 561 18, 537 trict. 156 High School Dis- 22.468 7, 000 234, 250 3, 692 17, 027 4, 000 trict. 157 Nevada City 5 _ 9, 179 68,218 1,260 4,164 Oakdale: 158 Elementary Dis¬ 6, 863 20, 930 226, 146 3, 548 4,834 8, 222 trict. 159 High School Dis¬ 15, 906 8,200 243, 900 18, 600 9,315 15, 881 6, 231 trict. 160 Paradise 6 _ 16, 079 7, 000 15, 000 5, 700 161,399 355, 270 150, 836 196, 580 15 079 161 Paso Robles 19,116 10, 042 7| 062 10, 828 16,810 6, 854 2, 193 162 Placerville: Elementary Dis¬ 15, 235 163 trict. High School Dis¬ 9, 526 11,650 5,150 4,000 trict. Red Bluff; 164 Elementary Dis¬ trict. 16, 700 157, 884 4, 333 3, 333 165 High School Dis¬ 21,884 13, 200 165, 628 4, 900 5, 308 19, 086 3, 865 trict. Reed ley: Elementary Dis¬ 166 12,919 16, 350 141,852 1,307 10, 442 167 trict. High School Dis¬ 26, 051 7, 050 15, 600 383, 536 5,011 25,915 38, 600 3, 552 168 trict. Rialto 3 _ 31,611 7,823 23, 850 6, 100 6, 900 674, 490 310, 133 157,437 125, 00S 10,277,988 4,850 12,414 5, 621 28, 469 8,751 3,100 638, 532 169 Willows 5 _ 9,017 1,241 195, 257 170 Woodlake 3 _ 7, 137 171 Other cities (esti¬ 776, 378 53, 704 128, 510 294, 122 mated). COLORADO Group 1 621, 305 242, 494 1, 277, 472 13, 180, 447 760, 858 547, 769 73, 191 172 Denver.. ... . 621, 305 242, 494 1,277,472 13, 180, 447 760, 858 547, 769 73, 191 173 Group II 199, 640 94, 011 392, 768 4, 905, 840 8, 005 181,758 218, 843 170, 815 174 Colorado Springs. _ 96, 757 68, 926 211,793 2, 175, 287 2, 730, 553 89, 456 80, 484 83, 325 87, 490 175 Pueblo _ . 102, 883 25, 085 180,975 8, 005 92, 302 138, 359 176 Group III 266, 553 64, 742 292, 937 4, 779, 286 70, 316 121, 515 172, 059 98, 160 177 Aurora _ 60, 100 58, 655 5, 686 5, 500 54, 935 61,600 976, 088 885, 850 22, 744 24, 133 27, 456 19, 544 33, 481 35, 348 32,119 32, 321 178 Englewood 179 Fort Collins _ 22, 774 20, 000 33, 694 561, 937 762,316 1, 593, 095 12, 526 21,484 40, 505 15, 393 30, 484 57, 353 180 Greeley _ . 36, 173 11,975 21,581 45, 063 97, 645 1,000 32, 720 181 Other cities (esti¬ 88, 851 23, 439 mated). Set i footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 227 public-school systems: 1955—56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction- -Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5, 000 343, 522 41,478 5, 170 35, 138 8, 691 455, 041 455, 041 153 637 154, 184 33, 543 13,251 9, 407 6, 536 224, 721 2,650 227, 371 154 5, 050 347,411 48, 973 11,522 29, 612 8, 847 467, 089 7, 762 474, 851 155 4, 300 270, 269 60, 381 12, 300 23, 680 11,687 400, 785 10, 045 410, 830 156 73, 642 13, 831 2, 786 7, 753 5,115 112, 306 21,613 133, 919 157 3, 595 267, 275 32, 333 4, 784 19, 774 6, 447 337, 476 337, 476 158 3,426 305, 553 42, 528 4, 321 38, 503 9, 677 416, 488 416, 488 159 183, 478 30, 742 4, 534 38, 104 15, 146 288, 083 42, 633 330, 716 160 6,856 401,084 55, 106 14, 392 73, 951 13, 755 577, 404 11,409 588, 813 161 685 170, 242 22, 386 8, 421 10, 702 4,811 231, 797 231, 797 162 2, 500 236, 690 33, 762 14, 736 48, 755 11,024 354, 493 1,500 355, 993 163 3,300 185, 550 20, 130 5, 993 15, 228 4, 324 231,225 661 231,886 164 1,208 213, 195 34, 052 13, 459 37, 968 7,671 328, 229 3,276 331, 505 165 169, 951 27, 386 3, 122 5, 209 4, 750 223, 337 223, 337 166 4, 648 483, 912 89, 059 58, 501 69, 993 20, 330 747, 846 15, 427 763, 273 167 7,715 387, 431 49, 669 22, 587 21,019 23, 409 535, 726 19. 756 555, 482 168 8, 751 195, 677 28, 280 14, 882 17,175 5,610 269, 447 1,000 270, 447 169 136, 250 9, 261 608 14, 044 4,258 171,558 1,500 173, 058 170 177, 805 12, 440, 408 1,909, 033 624, 897 1,385,272 466, 671 17, 602, 659 390, 479 17, 993, 138 171 184, 311 16, 266, 542 1, 898, 735 1, 009, 933 909, 077 2, 431, 693 23, 137, 285 1, 574, 980 24, 712, 265 184,311 16, 266, 542 1, 898, 735 1,009, 933 909, 077 2, 431,693 23, 137, 285 1, 574, 980 24, 712, 265 172 20, 886 5, 992, 926 786, 247 357, 201 147, 779 585, 480 8, 069, 273 31, 399 8, 100, 672 173 6, 372 2,715, 643 327, 775 163, 271 62, 867 198, 524 3, 564, 837 31, 399 3, 596, 236 174 14,514 3, 277, 283 458, 472 193, 930 84,912 386, 956 4. 504, 436 4. 504, 436 175 25, 977 5, 624, 992 729, 343 237, 963 98, 645 522, 606 7, 480, 102 32, 151 7, 512,253 176 5,696 1, 158, 205 137, 896 23, 165 10, 891 106, 199 1, 496, 456 9, 792 1, 506, 248 177 5, 820 1,070, 116 138, 530 62, 386 6, 681 84, 226 1,420, 594 6, 642 1, 427, 236 178 2,451 646, 001 90, 738 26, 057 25, 347 54, 627 865, 544 865, 544 179 3, 351 875, 673 119,065 47, 034 22, 844 103, 352 1,204, 141 5. 000 1, 209, 141 180 8, 659 1,874,997 243,114 79, 321 32, 882 174, 202 2, 493, 367 10,717 2, 504, 084 181 228 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Text¬ Adminis- tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST— Con. COLORADO— Con. 182 Group IV. 148, 775 181, 436 2, 476, 544 52, 200 32, 498 109, 970 31, 233 183 Alamosa _ 11,543 25, 279 19, 839 14,755 18, 800 12, 433 26, 300 251, 176 308, 675 250, 469 182, 734 372, 806 285, 170 825, 514 2, 192 3,815 18, 868 3, 331 5, 356 8, 828 14, 380 11,097 4, 110 22, 400 12, 498 36, 657 184 Canon City _ 6, 728 8, 869 879 185 Durango _ 186 Lamar 5 _ 18, 321 25, 821 19, 283 60, 478 187 Longmont _ 16; 317 11,450 49, 592 9, 925 9, 469 188 Sterling 5 _ 3, 509 10, 833 4,346 10,411 189 Other cities (esti- 17, 400 mated). 190 Group V 172, 834 208, 562 2, 125, 834 21, 168 39, 494 120, 698 13, 304 191 Florence _ 13, 369 13, 372 119,416 2, 656 5, 577 2, 947 Las Animas: 192 Elementary District. 7, 709 8, 863 122, 800 790 4, 453 193 High school 6, 905 9, 754 78, 016 1,287 4,749 District. 194 Leadville . . . 12, 778 14, 575 137, 137 3, 428 2, 200 5, 941 Montrose: 195 Elementary 13, 038 17, 925 165, 983 1,423 7, 091 3, 705 District. 196 High School 13. 041 16,717 198, 051 4, 500 6, 547 23, 311 District. 197 Rocky Ford _ 19, 577 86,417 23, 075 104, 281 241,514 1,062,917 7, 500 19, 747 9, 227 60, 349 198 Other cities (esti¬ 10, 584 6, 652 mated). IDAHO 199 Group II 133, 200 46, 432 262, 584 2, 629, 143 7, 094 27, 986 55, 706 82, 270 200 Boise 94, 588 38,612 39, 040 7, 392 194,013 68, 571 1, 688, 528 940,615 7,094 22, 870 5, 116 34, 028 21,678 38, 464 43, 806 201 Pocatello _ 202 Group III 188, 764 13, 946 228, 983 3, 546, 164 16, 832 52, 136 154, 693 49, 966 203 Coeur d’Alene _ 24, 656 4,011 10,716 61,580 22, 622 35, 930 98, 135 432, 091 785, 524 204, 372 604, 393 1, 519, 784 6, 699 6, 890 39, 767 6,969 34, 770 66, 297 5, 442 204 Idaho Falls _ _ 43, 300 11,781 28, 128 9,618 11,631 5, 958 23,110 205 Moscow _ 206 Twin Falls _ 3, 958 5, 977 5, 504 207 Other cities (esti¬ 80, 899 7,214 22, 344 2i,4i4 mated). Group IV _ 17, 161 32, 752 317, 506 2, 990 17, 543 208 Blackfoot _ 17, 161 32, 752 317, 506 2,990 17, 543 _ 209 Group V 176, 169 33, 240 219, 057 2, 807, 424 19, 053 149, 199 28, 219 210 Gooding _ 10, 367 14, 080 24, 932 17.802 41,296 10, 391 9, 532 9 750 145, 449 268, 873 230, 066 422, 188 149, 448 4, 540 25, 867 5, 744 31,372 1,210 11, 107 7, 193 62. 166 211 Grangeville _ .. 24,674 12,770 18,275 11,122 11,426 14, 131 2,403 1,418 3, 930 212 Jerome.. _ . 4, 700 11,670 3, 020 7,505 213 Kellogg _ 214 Payette _ 6,316 215 Rexburg _ 225, 899 195 741 1,500 1,863 7, 939 216 Weiser _ _ 2, 640 11,758 217 Other cities (esti¬ 73, 404 13, 850 91,274 1, 169, 760 mated). See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 229 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts » Instruction —Continued Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction 10 11 12 13 ,4 15 16 17 18 17, 250 2, 901, 131 409, 106 112, 920 109, 373 257, 224 3, 938, 529 13, 296 3, 951, 825 182 2, 302 286, 629 39, 989 12. 587 9, 534 17,871 378, 153 200 378, 353 183 1,778 353, 165 56, 340 21,800 20, 892 24, 021 501,497 1,555 503, 052 184 2,168 317,771 43, 906 9, 561 19, 472 24, 293 434, 842 434, 842 185 1,669 207,713 18, 799 6,899 5, 880 31,210 285, 256 285, 256 186 1,639 442, 060 52, 494 16,256 7,125 44, 738 578, 990 7, 109 586, 099 187 1,944 326, 750 61,210 8,177 10,011 29, 350 446, 948 446, 948 188 5,750 967, 043 136, 368 37, 640 36, 459 85, 741 1,312,843 4, 432 1,317, 275 189 18, 386 2, 547, 446 338, 210 145, 800 218, 732 187, 268 3, 610, 290 7,438 3, 617, 728 190 849 144,817 7, 878 9, 792 5, 233 9, 536 190, 625 190, 625 191 873 137, 779 14, 792 6, 465 10, 941 9, 958 187, 644 187, 644 192 937 94, 743 16, 297 8, 431 1,930 7, 933 136, 239 136, 239 193 843 164, 124 26, 248 6, 066 5, 568 13, 104 227, 888 3, 500 231, 388 194 942 197, 069 21,113 10, 248 13, 058 12, 267 266, 793 219 267, 012 195 2, 630 251, 756 40, 526 24, 357 21,601 20, 832 372, 113 372, 113 196 2,119 283, 435 42,251 7,541 51,035 20, 004 423, 843 423, 843 197 9,193 1, 273, 723 169, 105 72, 900 109, 366 93, 634 1,805, 145 3,719 1, 808, 864 198 14, 948 3, 126, 163 449, 229 224, 923 284, 868 52, 124 4, 270, 507 12, 858 4, 283, 365 199 13, 588 2, 037, 625 312,718 154, 548 116, 676 34, 546 2, 750, 701 12, 858 2, 763, 559 200 1,360 1,088, 538 136,511 70, 375 168, 192 17, 578 1, 519, 806 1,519, 806 201 7, 429 4, 070, 149 686, 250 104, 914 331, 326 25, 475 5, 406, 878 6, 363 5, 413, 241 202 2, 000 467, 849 83, 430 3, 165 47, 993 627, 093 1,431 628, 524 203 2, 245 933, 475 157, 668 16, 141 46, 653 5,610 1, 202, 847 2, 205 1, 205, 052 204 239, 921 54, 855 4,396 25, 166 4, 716 340, 835 340, 835 205 684, 555 96, 190 36, 249 69,517 4,231 918, 870 918, 870 206 3,184 1, 744, 349 294, 107 44, 963 141,997 10,918 2,317,233 2, 727 2, 319, 960 207 370, 791 71, 844 7, 878 68, 642 9, 472 545, 788 8, 431 554, 219 370, 791 71,844 7, 878 68, 642 9, 472 545, 788 8, 431 554, 219 208 9,792 3, 265, 984 541, 065 114, 434 466, 962 64, 387 4, 629, 001 8, 095 4, 637, 096 209 164, 069 25, 207 9, 438 27, 593 4, 051 240, 725 240, 725 210 322, 075 44, 475 9, 777 77, 332 9,080 487,413 4, 722 492, 135 211 2,123 269, 358 38, 422 10, 163 39, 787 1,285 371,785 371,785 212 510, 456 104, 689 10, 735 58, 489 10, 178 712, 822 712,822 213 2, 450 172, 835 31,335 3,043 12,658 3,711 234, 704 234, 704 214 248, 038 30, 301 8, 741 33, 803 1, 170 333, 479 333,479 215 1,139 218, 326 41, 193 14, 856 22, 732 8, 084 319, 322 319, 322 216 4, 080 — 1, 360, 827 225, 443 47,681 194, 568 26, 828 1, 928, 751 3, 373 1, 932, 124 217 230 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory staff 1 pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST— Con. MONTANA 218 ISO, 118 32, 773 356, 562 4, 315, 482 27, 000 50, 410 148, 920 74, 505 219 Billings _ 53,711 12, 225 139, 116 1, 587, 708 27, 000 26, 228 43. 663 37, 765 220 Butte _ 43, 773 52, 634 112, 446 105, 000 1, 133,299 1.594,475 33, 524 71,733 19, 900 16, 840 221 Great Falls _ 20, 548 24, 182 222 Group III 130, 140 164, 576 2, 073, 620 19, 688 136, 142 44, 310 223 Anaconda _ 20, 391 37, 600 333, 550 9, 000 6, 200 Bozeman: Elementary District. 224 18, 127 32, 510 297, 432 10, 275 10, 500 225 High School 17,813 138, 107 10, 119 3, 994 District. 226 Helena 30, 429 43. 380 39, 608 54. 858 613, 325 691, 206 13, 125 6, 563 61,367 45, 381 8, 846 14, 770 227 Other cities (esti¬ mated). 228 Group IV. _ _ 148, 499 6, 030 97, 739 1, 677, 794 3, 000 74, 872 55, 760 229 Glendive _ 19,016 20, 540 14, 849 22,911 264, 329 313,615 12, 035 19, 187 5, 756 230 Havre _ 2,000 12, 334 Lewistown : 231 Elementary 11,300 17, 600 169, 000 4,490 5,193 232 District. High School 2, 782 16, 445 4, 500 76, 326 4,271 District. Livingston: 233 Elementary 15, 382 4, 020 192, 665 4,473 5, 904 District. 234 High School 16,316 5, 300 102, 595 5, 459 5, 204 District. 235 1 Other cities (esti¬ 49, 500 2,010 32, 579 559, 264 1,000 24, 957 18, 587 mated). Group V. 159, 870 140, 480 1,702,828 7, 429 2, 786 100, 954 56, 481 237 Deer Lodge5 _ 10, 566 103, 900 90, 834 5, 620 4, 596 2,913 238 Dillon: Elementary District. 7,567 2, 799 239 High School 12, 021 62, 900 9, 136 1,804 District. 240 Glasgow _ 19, 687 13, 972 11,532 40, 086 4,950 19,075 64, 837 216, 371 209, 253 4,000 12, 862 8,065 5,818 8,263 46, 594 8, 483 241 Laurel _ 7,090 242 Roundup _ 11,068 11,203 73, 786 115, 424 118,226 785, 920 2,072 243 Shelby _ 1,500 1,286 5,252 244 Other cities (esti¬ 3, 429 26, 068 mated). NEW MEXICO 245 Group II 255, 403 185, 165 507, 935 8, 578, 143 14, 962 160, 573 215, 697 246 Albuquerque _ 188, 676 36, 283 30, 444 | 108, 940 28, 600 47, 625 385, 295 75, 300 47, 340 6, 444, 435 1,043,472 1,090, 236 99, 399 25, 145 36, 029 159, 890 20, 276 35, 531 247 Roswell. 14, 962 248 Santa Fe _ See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 231 public-school systems: 1955—56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 36, 643 5, 042, 295 692, 574 251, 631 199, 823 223, 750 6, 560, 191 83, 609 6, 643, 800 218 14, 827 1, 888, 532 222, 218 46,019 79, 040 92, 796 2, 382, 316 7, 877 2, 390, 193 219 8, 093 1, 307, 262 214, 280 66,719 44,281 92, 887 1, 769, 202 6,090 1,775, 292 220 13, 723 1, 846, 501 256, 076 138,893 76, 502 38, 067 2, 408, 673 69, 642 2, 478, 315 221 37, 887 2, 476, 223 510, 424 68, 553 189, 502 153, 843 3, 528, 685 3, 528, 685 222 15, 800 402, 150 94, 300 7,000 39, 775 29, 410 593, 026 593, 026 223 2,500 353,217 42, 753 9,715 396 15, 672 439, 880 439, 880 224 1,000 153, 220 22, 700 5, 476 19, 544 8,811 227, 564 227, 564 225 5, 958 742, 229 180, 530 23,511 66, 619 48, 669 1,091,987 1,091,987 226 12, 629 825, 407 170, 141 22, 851 63, 168 51,281 1,176,228 1,176, 228 227 15, 690 1, 930, 885 323, 956 77, 837 181, 134 118, 388 2, 780, 699 1, 785 2, 782, 484 228 1,893 298, 862 42, 162 10, 108 30, 027 20, 555 420, 730 290 421,020 229 2,400 372, 447 62, 758 16, 384 44, 348 26, 075 542, 552 900 543, 452 230 1,645 197, 928 37, 217 6, 048 19, 500 10, 932 282, 925 282, 925 231 722 88, 601 20,712 4,112 15, 098 1,174 146, 142 146, 142 232 2, 902 209, 964 37, 485 8,159 2,983 11,344 285,317 285,317 233 898 119, 456 15, 637 7,080 8, 799 8, 846 176, 134 176, 134 234 5, 230 643, 627 107, 985 25, 946 60, 379 39, 462 926, 899 595 927, 494 235 18, 601 2, 029, 559 342, 704 123, 983 365, 242 56, 474 3, 077, 832 15, 890 3, 093, 722 236 1,009 113, 442 19, 926 4,440 36, 189 6,238 190, 801 190, 801 237 757 98, 986 16, 084 4, 797 1,774 4, 336 133, 544 133, 544 238 688 74, 528 16, 488 7, 147 25, 368 3, 868 139, 420 859 140, 279 239 1,143 254, 391 48, 103 24,941 42, 586 14, 202 403, 910 400 404,310 240 3, 294 267, 788 38, 246 9,888 54, 343 384, 237 300 384, 537 241 1,000 129, 264 18,086 8,868 23, 638 1,765 192, 689 192, 689 242 2,125 154,441 27, 600 6,679 12, 771 212,694 6, 997 219, 691 243 8, 585 936,719 158,171 57, 223 168, 573 26, 065 1, 420, 537 7,334 1,427,871 244 70, 682 9, 733, 157 863, 870 295, 779 420, 397 93, 332 11, 661, 938 98, 498 11, 760, 436 245 47, 230 7, 245, 189 642, 818 227, 245 212, 388 87, 843 8, 604, 159 82, 791 8, 686, 950 246 11,539 1,219, 294 111,459 22, 278 74, 646 5, 489 1, 469, 449 1,200 1,470, 649 247 11,913 1,268,674 109, 593 46, 256 133, 363 1, 588, 330 14, 507 1,602,837 248 232 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Text¬ Adminis- tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST— Con. NEW MEXICO— Continued Group III _ 295, 028 64, 023 302, 355 4, 760,751 15, 173 25, 668 72, 493 38, 459 Carlsbad _ 108, 325 34, 117 96, 343 43, 150 87, 273 75, 589 1, 483, 828 781,325 1,305,411 1, 190, 187 5, 180 22,015 16, 272 16, 083 18, 123 10, 808 18, 036 Clovis _ 48. 330 64,616 73, 757 19, 251 13, 900 16, 006 6, 200 3,793 Other cities (esti- 6,417 9,615 mated). Group IV... 211, 371 77, 369 284, 833 3, 921, 401 46, 734 86, 056 115,253 47, 459 Alamogorda 31,295 14, 427 22,445 17,434 25, 200 16, 394 1 20, 765 63,411; 13, 800 40, 800 26, 897 45, 525 23, 100 29, 182 5, 180 28. 700 85, 449 615, 602 384, 096 405, 047 375, 073 429, 236 202, 683 333,245i 1,176,419 6,714 17, 625 7,941 10, 400 9,212 12, 689 17, 407 20, 840 9, 600 16, 644 7,518 4,674 3, 994 34, 576 Deming _ 19, 000 9, 500 Gallup 5, 666 6, 300 6, 408 9,240 13,410 23,211 22, 500 Las Veges City _ Portales _ Silver City 4,721 Tucumcati _ 3, 500 14, 020 2, 372 25,817 Other cities (esti¬ 14, 238 mated). Group V 149, 811 25, 463 153, 276 2,483, 528 47, 696 82, 294 66, 577 21, 000 Belen _ 20, 700 18, 502 27,227 19, 177 6,750 27, 838 13, 008 34, 040 12, 700 487, 798 217,716 514, 695 198,950 22, 000 15, 000 4, 386 Lordsburg. _ 4, 380 4,910 17,965 2,250 22, 775 Lovington . _ 7,800 16, 233 2, 425 12, 000 Truth or Conse- | quences. Other cities (esti¬ 10,913 35, 269 9, 000 64, 205 65, 690 1,064, 369 20, 441 28, 533 mated). OREGON Group 1 868, 811 144, 000 540, 000 10, 873, 867 478, 992 400, 182 364, 413 255, 880 j Portland 868,811 144,000 540, 000 10, 873, 867 478, 992 400, 182 364, 413 255, 880 1 Group II 180, 196 113, 335 343, 016 4, 132, 906 51, 180 137, 451 134, 247 77, 002 Eugene 83,910 96, 286 52, 250 61,085 167, 139 175, 877 2, 004, 086 2, 128, 820 28, 680 22, 500 75, 232 62,219 74, 839 59, 408 42,914 34, 088 Salem... _ Group III _ 237, 824 149, 027 340, 403 5, 116, 258 | 170, 650 91, 534 273, 378 111, 978 Astoria _ 15, 561 25, 283 34, 166 31,246 42, 384 4, 500 13, 344 33, 148 18, 147 24, 003 28 402 414, 366 518, 353 867, 133 538, 433 859, 376 20, 820 25, 277 20, 252 4,162 13, 460 15, 947 10, 621 13,019 16, 104 16, 831 60, 334 38, 401 39, 191 6, 944 7, 493 20, 861 9,915 24, 773 Bend. _ 32, 686 37, 959 43, 510 70, 195 Medford ... .. Pendleton _ Springfield _ Other cities (esti¬ 40, 307 63, 994 89, 184 55, 885 127, 651 1,918, 597 34, 325 102, 517 41, 992 mated). Group IV.. 335, 818 i 152, 706 486, 819 6, 293, 494 99, 332 131, 293 247, 539 107, 196 Ashland 16, 836 16, 268 31, 523 308, 439 4, 061 8, 766 17, 193 8, 305 Hillsboro: Elementary District. High School 16, 345 4, 730 20, 883 263, 151 4,678 2,000 10, 951 5, 522 18, 877 6, 200 197, 247 8, 039 District. i Lebanon _ 16, 707 10, 625 34, 379 398, 054 8, 977 6, 054 16, 183 3. 681 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 233 public-school systems: 1955—56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 47, 567 5, 326, 489 484, 150 276, 061 632, 315 73, 336 7, 087, 379 3,733 7, 091, 112 249 20. 672 1,672, 963 160, 830 128, 231 170, 476 40, 528 2,281,353 2,281,353 250 7, 119 885, 153 76, 585 26, 000 210, 384 1, 246, 452 2,800 1, 249, 252 251 7, 884 1,436, 751 125, 698 52,815 93, 376 14,474 1, 787, 730 1,787,730 252 11,892 1,331,622 121,037 69,015 158, 079 18. 334 1,771,844 933 1,772,777 253 39, 140 4, 618, 245 483, 858 153, 190 382, 751 47, 334 5, 896, 749 25, 780 5, 922, 529 254 7,500 719, 448 69, 136 48, 735 33, 430 9,169 911,213 5, 850 917,063 255 3,000 461,774 47, 138 7, 102 34, 570 565,011 5, 295 570, 306 256 3, 000 510, 572 58, 850 8, 775 5, 255 4, 000 609, 897 6, 901 616,798 257 3, 395 433, 724 50, 255 12,423 32,277 5, 028 551, 141 551,141 258 4, 068 489, 101 44, 584 18, 000 99, 985 676, 870 676, 870 259 329 226, 827 23, 368 6,115 20,817 480 294, 001 294, 001 250 6,106 391,327 45, 369 6, 083 41,592 14,457 519, 593 519, 593 260 11,742 1, 385, 472 145, 158 45, 957 114,825 14, 200 1, 769, 023 7, 734 1,776,757 262 23, 322 2, 903,156 302, 163 51, 314 462, 410 83, 116 3, 951, 970 3, 951, 970 263 5, 520 564, 906 45, 000 53, 925 684, 531 684, 531 264 1,488 243, 228 20, 339 22, 138 10, 573 314, 780 314, 780 265 4, 054 616, 507 85, 156 20, 470 176, 283 35, 632 961,275 961,275 266 2, 265 234, 305 22, 170 8, 852 11,888 1,290 297, 682 297, 682 267 9, 995 1, 244, 210 129, 498 21, 992 198, 176 35, 621 1,693, 702 1, 693, 702 268 13, 057, 334 1, 771, 890 1, 016, 086 2,255, 348 1, 002, 998 19, 972, 467 88, 728 20, 061, 195 13, 057, 334 1, 771, 890 1, 016, 086 2, 255, 348 1, 002, 998 19, 972, 467 88, 728 20, 061, 195 269 6, 436 4, 995, 573 633, 615 234, 615 307, 670 392, 509 6, 744, 178 6, 744, 178 270 1,739 2, 446, 879 283, 609 137, 129 161,121 198, 009 3, 310, 657 3, 310, 657 271 4, 697 2,548,694 350, 006 97, 486 146, 549 194, 500 3, 433, 521 3, 433, 521 272 34, 587 6, 287, 815 937, 667 490, 390 462, 296 500, 006 8, 915, 998 9, 972 8, 925, 970 273 1,935 497, 233 63, 781 36, 849 8, 297 32, 860 654, 581 182 654, 763 274 6, 034 633, 478 103, 347 38, 161 49, 691 47, 238 897, 198 897, 198 275 3, 244 1, 058, 878 138,670 93, 258 15, 888 68, 931 1, 409, 791 1,409, 791 276 2, 323 661, 350 118, 852 28, 444 123, 562 62, 939 1,026, 393 1,026, 393 277 8, 081 1, 078, 945 161,391 109, 782 91,497 100, 536 1, 584, 535 6, 051 1, 590, 586 278 12, 970 2, 357, 931 351, 626 183, 896 173, 361 187, 502 3, 343, 500 3, 739 3, 347, 239 279 46, 680 7, 565, 059 1, 300,487 330, 596 627, 613 662, 509 10, 822, 082 45, 726 10, 867, 808 280 3, 082 397, 637 77, 664 29, 771 21,316 36, 141 579, 365 553 579, 918 281 3, 943 315, 858 43, 678 11,961 43,515 21, 088 452, 445 2,913 ‘455, 358 282 436 211,922 36, 832 15, 963 41, 537 18, 849 343, 980 - 343, 980 283 3, 947 481,900 49, 260 15, 519 31,351 38, 990 633, 727 6,618' 640, 345 284 234 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Text¬ Adminis- tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory staff 1 pupils) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST— Con. OREGON-Con. Group IV — Con. 285 North Bend 24, 231 48, 654 15, 065 179, 103 10, 878 24, 262 4, 500 81,443 37, 358 69, 179 27, 660 259, 637 349, 378 1,001, 180 419,515 3, 356, 530 5, 140 11,199 12, 300 52, 977 9, 522 30 028 16, 555 30, 340 16, 257 132, 021 7,627 18 352 286 Roseburg 287 The Dalles 4,900 70, 023 6, 538 57, 171 288 Other cities (esti- mated). 280 Group V. 415, 269 14, 700 530, 298 6, 502, 878 73, 875 117, 633 293, 529 91, 494 290 Coquille. _ 18, 004 16, 735 19, 630 9, 200 20, 508 24,411 21,780 21,200 22, 200 26, 330 281,367 310, 145 176, 775 296, 600 330, 194 7, 578 1,221 4,882 7,500 1,560 9, 893 8,483 10,751 8, 000 10,916 3, 488 4,751 3, 645 3, 000 8,674 291 Dallas _ 292 Hood River _ 293 Newberg 4,500 10, 350 294 Ontario _ 4, 900 Seaside: Elementary District. 295 9, 558 10, 150 104, 445 266 4,915 3, 633 296 High School 9,113 6, 200 67, 361 2, 100 7, 976 District. 297 Silverton _ 12, 980 22, 695 276, 846 16, 650 27,845 353, 532 196,419 404, 320 4, 335, 252 3, 955 5, 820 4, 000 10, 104 78, 422 7,510 29, 399 195, 686 3, 307 298 Tillamook 299 Other cities (esti¬ 9, 800 49, 250 60, 996 mated). UTAH Group 1 228, 070 76, 921 327, 720 4, 955, 097 270, 197 167, 455 188, 879 140, 917 300 Salt Lake City _ 228, 070 76, 921 327, 720 4, 955, 097 270, 197 167,455 188, 879 140,917 301 Group II 116, 368 32, 287 205, 632 2, 765, 140 108, 595 51, 300 108, 785 45, 295 302 Ogden _ _ 67,011 21,787 10, 500 151,632 54, 000 1, 992, 884 772, 256 58, 142 31, 188 72, 928 35, 857 37, 254 8,041 303 Provo _ 49,357 50, 453 20,112 Group III _ 20, 094 11,233 32, 178 426, 553 24, 573 7, 651 36, 259 7, 920 304 Logan _ 20, 094 11,233 32, 178 426, 553 24, 573 7,651 36, 259 7,920 Group IV 14, 215 5, 100 36, 650 373, 947 13, 497 5,245 14, 740 8,633 305 Murray _ 14,215 5,100 36, 650 373, 947 13, 497 5, 245 14, 740 8, 633 WASHINGTON 306 Group 1 843, 761 343, 319 1, 697, 303 24,252, 883 803, 906 931, 705 921, 056 481, 176 307 Seattle 556, 054 140, 013 147, 694 196, 039 68, 453 78, 827 1,017,295 330, 450 349, 558 14, 738, 040 4,719,538 4, 795, 305 321,186 141,170 341,550 541, 349 193, 843 196, 513 574, 146 149 026 314, 184 76, 993 89, 999 308 Spokane _ . 309 Tacoma _ . 197, 884 310 Group II 318, 302 116, 248 611, 326 8, 593,915 32, 631 300, 936 397, 228 162, 363 311 Bellingham _ _ 53,016 80, 908 57, 972 78, 039 98 027 1,264, 030 1,620, 522 1,954,109 2, 004, 044 1,751,210 26, 839 99, 855 51,690 86, 607 35, 945 50, 504 62, 808 83, 282 140, 623 35, 736 45, 343 23, 512 24, 874 32, 898 312 Bremerton 7. . 26, 400 17,431 33, 000 39,417 153, 100 122, 000 142, 627 95, 572 24, 000 313 Everett 7. _ . 314 Vancouver 7 _ 8, 631 315 Yakima 7 _ 48, 367 60,011 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 235 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction— Continued School library Total for supplies instruction and other expenses Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts | Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to 3upil cost 1 Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 ' 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 350 436,808 86. 307 13, 295 25, 747 32. 849 619, 237 619, 237 285 9,172 1,193,712 244. 153 48. 243 96. 009 124. 187 1, 754. 958 7, 480 1.762.438 , 286 854 492. 524 69. 000 19. 526 33,411 37. 067 666. 593 3,775 670. 368 1 287 24, 896 4, 034, 698 693, 593 176,318 334, 727 353, 338 5, 771,777 24. 387 5, 796, 164 1 288 49, 383 7, 673, 790 1, 159, 623 346, 152 1, 222, 284 476, 673 11, 293, 791 j 86, 238 11, 380, 029 289 1, 892 328, 629 44, 772 8, 703 21.895 22, 013 444,016 444, 016 290 453 346, 833 39, 887 8, 033 10. 595 27, 056 449, 139 . 449. 139 291 1,201 218,454 53. 996 15. 706 5.680 17,772 331,238 . 331, 238 292 500 342. 300 45. 100 18. 760 36. 760 452. 120 248 452. 368 293 746 393, 670 57, 639 14, 690 1 38, 558 24, 530 549. 595 11,290 560. 885 294 357 123.766 22,310! 4,848 11,505 . 1 171,987 10, 519! 182, 506 295 585 84,222 12, 973 4, 264 12, 785 7, 390 130, 747 _ _ 130, 747 296 8,900 240,741 31,242 8, 900 162, 385 18, 784 475, 032 1,089 476,121 297 1.827 479,315 78. 622 31,480 107, 265 41,346 760, 723 5. 600 766. 323 298 32,922 5,115,860 773, 082 230, 768! 814, 856 317, 782 ; 7, 529, 194 57, 492 7, 586, 686 299 21, 743 6, 148, 929 752, 709 430, 210 228, 273 592, 530 8, 380, 721 105, 104 8, 485, 825 21, 743| 6,148,929 752, 709 1 430, 210| 228, 273 592, 530] 8, 380, 721 105, 104 8, 485. 825 300 10, 542 1 3, 327, 576 372, 378 206, 309 229, 603 242, 680 4, 494, 914 40, 527 4, 535, 441 301 9. 094 2, 374, 909| 279, 323 169, 685 48. 780 177, 663 3,117,371 35, 154 3, 152, 525 302 1.448 952,667 93. 055 36. 624 180, 823 65.017 1. 377, 543 5. 373' 1.382.916 303 2, 244 548, 611 66, 466 28, 080 71, 722 38, 969 773, 942 5, 014 778, 956 2,244 548,611 66. 466 28. 080 71,722 38. 969 773, 942 5,014 778, 956] 304 1, 841 459, 653 56, 656 27, 732 27, 709 32, 358 618, 323 1, 465 619, 788 1,841 459,653 56,656 27, 732 27. 709 32, 358 618, 323 1.465 619, 788; 305 120,675 29,552,023 4, 109, 473 2, 585, 879 882, 234 680, 260 38, 653, 630 1, 367, 589 40, 021, 219 306 26,921 17.729.160 2, 555. 698 1. 773, 385 529, 373 403, 589 23. 547, 259 550, 955 24. 098,214 307 23, 259 5, 702, 732 795, 103 404, 393 226, 797 137.036 7.406,074 219. 135 7. 625, 209 308 70,495 6,120,131 758, 672 408. 101 126, 064 139, 635 7, 700, 297 597, 499 8. 297. 796 309 101.125 10,315,772 1,545,716 808,936 1,072,396 235,017 14.296,139 165,714 14,461,853 310 13. 281 i 1,488.417 232, 261 154, 875 165, 160 33, 716 2,127,445 10. 161 2, 137, 606 311 22,011 2,054.039 306, 067 212, 722 68. Ill 54. 487 2. 776, 334 142. 340 2.918.674 312 20, 638 2. 272. 662 338, 038 231, 390 281,688 39. 856 3. 221. 606 3,221,606 313 29. 296 2, 469. 702 377, 548 112,833 368. 267 67,857 3. 474. 246 . 3. 474. 246 314 15. 899 2. 030. 952 291, 802 97, 116 189, 170 39. 101 1 2, 696. 508 13,213 2.709.721! 3.5 509375 0-59-17 236 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Salaries and wages Adminis- Text¬ tration Supplies books Class¬ Other and other (Free Super- Prin- room nonsu- Clerks expenses to all visors cipals teachers pervisory pupils) staff ' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEST— Con. WASHINGTON— Continued 316 Group III _ 525, 025 196, 102 646, 390 9, 397, 514 454, 923 286, 318 514, 894 189, 049 317 Aberdeen 7... _ 34, 481 49, 231 38, 765 32,114 30, 718 19, 285 68, 194 51,425 44, 888 42, 878 46, 854 785, 690 820, 689 786, 708 585, 256 631,636 19, 636 34, 400 64, 275 45, 000 30, 536 34, 563 22,614 22, 882 26, 895 11,985 59, 081 43. 856 31,548 61.857 27,275 16 104 318 Kennewick _ 19, 973 9, 798 13, 723 17, 835 319 Olympia . 320 35, 989 18, 347 321 Port Angeles. 322 Pullman _ 16, 900 32, 408 25, 677 17, 580 30, 785 38,612 68, 835 55, 030 198, 889 263, 231 538, 150 1, 249, 265 845, 349 2, 891,540 3, 800 6, 600 26, 022 59, 192 41,034 158, 429 5, 000 8, 520 24, 971 14, 956 58, 169 323 Payallup « _ 11,438 42, 188 25, 655 88, 098 324 Richland 89, 092 39, 770 161,546 18, 885 76, 800 40, 500 139, 976 325 Wenatchee _ 326 Other cities (esti¬ 60, 339 mated). 327 Group IV _ 176, 688 18, 571 256, 690 3, 888, 930 119, 680 53, 947 224, 452 79, 400 328 Anacortes _ 13, 785 26, 256 14, 762 12, 668 21. 899 322, 206 521,113 240, 795 353, 949 4, 295 13, 456 3,128 14, 038 29,318 15, 260 11,845 10, 299 9, 563 5, 253 6, 453 329 Centralia 7 _ 6, 850 4, 968 34, 278 17, 568 26, 030 32, 060 13, 500 330 Chehalis 331 Clarkston _ Mount Vernon: 332 Elementary 8, 472 7,413 238, 051 3, 783 8, 145 8, 627 District. 333 High School 8, 029 20, 850 223, 764 7,211 20, 008 3,778 Distri ct. 7 334 Port Townsend _ 9, 337 19, 129 64, 250 13,010 22, 300 93, 342 209, 852 365, 043 1,414,157 12, 600 18, 000 43, 520 2, 457 10, 991 33, 228 81,619 4, 873 1,681 28, 873 335 Toppenish _ 336 Other cities (esti¬ 6, 753 19,617 mated). 337 Group V 475, 646 57,230 587, 449 7, 439, 752 287, 267 191, 357 374, 132 183, 353 338 Dayton _ 12, 224 17, 679 15, 538 11,695 11,242 134,318 266, 977 299, 823 112,119 526, 500 7, 164 13, 760 996 5,271 7, 247 8, 673 2, 500 14,416 339 Enumclaw _ 18,450 26, 700 10, 600 4, 689 4, 598 20, 950 340 Ephrata _ 341 Grand Coulee. . .. 5, 734 342 Kent _ 35, 972 15, 206 41,980 42, 300 15, 682 26, 858 343 Kirkland _ 38, 780 11,820 21, 734 310, 204 60,313 11,495 23, 550 383,119 730, 362 180, 000 337,641 4, 852, 012 48, 030 20, 769 2,060 2, 500 124, 798 42, 639 11,000 21,982 243, 999 15, 268 2,278 8,122 119, 578 344 Raymond _ 345 Snohomish _ _ 4, 700 37, 324 4, 900 187, 348 346 Other cities (esti¬ mated). WYOMING Group II 57, 191 51, 084 85, 158 1, 477, 153 18, 879 38, 356 66, 700 34, 159 347 Cheyenne 57, 191 51,084 85, 158 1,477,153 18, 879 38, 356 66, 700 34, 159 348 Group III . 72, 838 18, 300 107, 214 1, 575, 968 66, 096 14, 770 54, 724 46, 824 349 Rock Springs _ 16, 308 20,111 36, 419 23, 712 29, 895 53, 607 334, 672 453,312 787, 984 33, 048 3, 600 3, 785 7,385 10, 431 16, 931 27, 362 7, 603 15, 809 23,412 350 Sheridan _ 9, 150 9, 150 351 Other cities (esti¬ 33, 048 mated). See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 237 public-school systems: 1955-56 — Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Instruction —Continued Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts Amount of cur¬ Total School library supplies and other expenses Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost1 current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 132,466 11,817,656 1,823,021 982,337 1,279,609 227,819 16,655,467 75,715 16,731,182 316 9, 603 1,012,156 124, 482 99, 358 64, 284 17, 154 1,351,915 751 1,352, 666 317 17,054 1,010,011 152, 440 113,975 203, 051 17,716 1,546, 424 470 1, 546, 894 318 4, 555 964, 654 136, 352 56, 523 105, 037 24, 046 1, 325, 377 575 1, 325, 952 319 13,377 824, 975 137, 128 43, 452 112,274 18, 044 1, 167,987 1,167,987 320 5, 136 789, 604 113,078 77, 509 100, 033 5, 963 1, 116,905 13, 826 1, 130, 731 321 2, 000 337, 093 50,045 9,197 67, 086 9, 600 489, 921 489, 921 322 4,641 644, 963 85, 803 45, 176 91,088 10, 978 910,416 196 910,612 323 26,413 1, 566, 549 326, 645 148, 830 57, 337 28, 550 2,217,003 29, 606 2, 246, 609 324 8,928 1,031,452 136,118 86, 060 85. 694 25, 670 1, 404, 764 6, 994 1,411,758 325 40, 759 3, 636, 199 560, 930 302, 257 393, 725 70, 098 5, 124, 755 23, 297 5, 148, 052 326 46, 934 4, 688, 604 703, 709 462, 391 698, 335 84, 318 6, 814, 045 56, 567 6, 870, 612 327 3,615 376, 352 60, 293 32, 052 59, 392 4,169 546, 043 1,011 547, 054 328 6,313 652, 951 88, 263 25, 365 82, 878 22, 238 897, 951 26, 378 924, 329 329 1,953 302, 425 55, 863 65, 802 59, 463 6, 331 504, 646 2, 924 507, 570 330 5, 036 403, 313 59, 506 76, 722 38, 624 590, 833 5, 684 596, 517 331 3, 004 269, 023 42, 030 11,494 45, 429 4, 538 380, 986 380, 986 332 4, 043 279, 654 33,811 22, 156 34, 375 6,622 384, 647 384, 647 333 2, 762 256, 545 38,312 32, 430 47, 783 2, 694 387, 101 387, 101 334 3, 141 17, 067 443, 393 1, 704, 948 69, 736 255, 895 28, 228 168, 142 76, 451 253, 940 7, 065 30, 661 644, 002 2, 477, 836 644, 002 2, 498, 406 335 20, 570 336 77, 648 9, 198, 188 1, 427, 817 608, 741 1, 397, 807 180, 996 13, 289, 195 162, 346 13, 451, 541 337 1,589 159, 584 30, 658 13, 453 15, 488 3, 796 235, 203 235, 203 338 3, 089 318,810 51,227 35, 701 39, 007 17, 892 480, 316 3, 379 483, 695 339 2, 772 359, 914 23, 029 21,299 37,311 5, 861 462, 952 462, 952 340 1,618 132, 571 27, 652 4,814 23, 879 2,078 202, 689 202, 689 341 5, 084 688, 026 105, 971 36, 698 103, 094 15, 623 985, 384 41,971 1,027,355 342 6, 255 923, 636 161,329 34, 135 177,493 9,175 1, 344, 548 11,118 1, 355, 666 343 1,000 5, 601 207, 833 408, 996 32, 000 64, 766 17,800 47, 836 19, 552 70, 370 8, 530 289, 005 622, 232 289, 005 622, 232 344 345 50, 640 5, 998, 818 931, 185 397, 005 911,613 118, 041 8, 666, 866 105, 878 8, 772, 744 346 10, 371 1, 781, 860 177, 606 43, 638 69, 105 95, 491 2, 224, 891 42, 116 2, 267, 007 10, 371 1,781,860 177, 606 43, 638 69, 105 95, 491 2, 224, 891 42, 116 2. 267, 007 347 12,520 1,896,416 265,450 197,150 148,280 71,946 2,652,080 7,200 2,659,280 348 2, 986 416, 052 67, 753 24, 727 18, 758 5, 303 548, 901 3, 600 552, 501 349 3, 274 532, 156 64, 972 73, 848 55, 382 30, 670 777, 139 777, 139 350 6, 260 948, 208 132, 725 98, 575 74, 140 35, 973 1, 326, 040 3, 600 1,329, 640 351 238 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 4. — Total current expenditures in city Current expenditures in full-time day schools Instruction City by region, State, and group Adminis¬ tration Salaries and wages Supplies and other expenses Text¬ books (Free to all pupils) Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Class¬ room teachers Other nonsu- pervisory staff ' Clerks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 WEST— Con. WYOMING— Continued Group IV _ Rawlings _ Group V _ Cody. . _ 21, 226 23, 666 334, 293 5, 760 7,610 9, 590 4, 496 21, 226 23, 666 334, 293 5, 760 7,610 9, 590 4,496 277, 048 12, 275 173, 978 3, 516, 409 10, 375 220, 639 114, 645 26, 878 7,898 11,799 24. 653 16. 561 23, 030 166. 229 17,297 10. 464 5,150 10, 400 6. 200 20, 080 104, 387 311,269 114, 033 162, 966 291,299 217,042 309, 955 2, 109, 845 27,111 4,843 16,024 19,364 5,375 15, 539 132, 383 10, 454 3, 041 7,310 8, 512 5, 682 10, 859 68. 787 Douglas 1 2 * * 5 _ Green River _ Riverton. _ 4,910 2,150 Thermapolis _ Worland _ Other cities (esti¬ mated). 7, 365 2, 000 6, 225 1 Salaries of school librarians, psychologists, audio visual, guidance and television personnel. 2 “Other school services” major current account is composed of (1) Attendance services, (2) health services, (3) school lunch program (deficits, only), (4) transportation for all students, and (5) all extracurricula school activities expenditures. 2 Includes all expenditures for nonpublic school services, i.e., for textbooks, transportation, attendance, etc., furnished to pupils in private and parochial schools. Also expenditures for community services made from school funds but not chargeable to cost of educating a public school pupil. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 239 public-school systems: 1955— 56— Continued Current expenditures in full-time day schools— Continued Amount of cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure not allo¬ cable to pupil cost' Total current ex¬ penditure for all accounts 1 352 Instruction School library supplies and other expenses —Continued Total for instruction Operation of the school plant Mainte¬ nance of the school plant Other school services (including transpor¬ tation) 2 Fixed charges Total for 6 major cur¬ rent ex¬ penditure accounts 1 10 11 12 13 _ 14 15 16 17 18 1, 777 387, 192 50, 873 17, 302 17, 312 44, 227 538, 132 538, 132 1,777 387, 192 50, 873 17, 302 17,312 44, 227 538, 132 538, 132 31, 058 4, 079, 379 557, 017 130, 618 435, 662 194, 780 5, 674, 504 25, 945 5, 700, 449 353 3, 066 369, 197 48, 602 5, 233 53, 057 24, 631 527, 598 527, 598 354 390 132, 771 14,119 9, 357 25, 233 10, 641 200, 019 490 200, 509 355 2, 236 200, 746 34, 237 7,497 9, 407 15, 579 279, 265 5, 406 284,671 356 2, 239 331,814 34, 373 8,018 24, 386 17,383 440, 627 440,627 357 1,429 235, 728 35, 114 8, 041 22, 405 317,849 3,236 321,085 358 3, 063 361,496 56, 362 14, 101 39, 777 9, 678 504, 444 1,246 505, 690 359 18, 635 2, 447, 627 334, 210 78,371 261,397 116, 868 3, 404, 702 15, 567 3, 420, 269 360 ‘ Totals of cols. 2, 16, and 17. * Expenditures are for elementary schools, only. • Data for 1953-54 in lieu of those for 1955-56. 7 Includes data on junior college administered as part of the city public school system. 8 Includes data on junior high schools. 240 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Form R5L-056 APPENDIX (Part I) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education, Washington 25, D. C. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1955-56 (OR YEAR ENDING _ ) Budget Bureau No. 51-R011.6 Approval expires 12/31/57 PART I. - PERSONNEL REPORT NOTE: This report should cover ALL public tax-supported schools in the school system. Please read the instructions before completing the report. This report made by: Name _ Title SECTION A. - STAFF (Other than Instructional) Type of personnel Number of ] Full-time^ positions1 Part-time 5 1 2 3 1. Administrative personnel: (a) Superintendents^ . . . (b) Deputy and assistant superintendents and other administrative staff . (c) Clerks for administration . 2. Plant operation personnel: Janitors, engineers, watchmen, laborers, cleaning force, etc . 3. Plant maintenance personnel: Carpenters, plumbers, etc., on school payroll only 5 . 4. Other school services: la) Attendance personnel . (b) Health staff: Physicians, dentists, dental hygienists, nurses, etc . (c) Pupil transportation personnel6 . (d) Food services personnel: Supervisors, cooks, servers, cashiers, bookkeepers, etc . (e) A11 other personnel: Student-body activities, community services, etc . SECTION B. - INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF AND CLERKS1 Type of school^ Super- visors1* Princi¬ pals1 3 Classroom teachers1^ Other nonsuper- vis ary instruc¬ tional staff 15 Clerks16 Male Female Full¬ time Part- time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Elementary®: (a) Kindergarten (incl. nursery) . (b) Elementary . 2. Secondary-* . 3. Junior colleges, normal schools, etc.1® . TOTAL FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS . 4. Adult education1 * . 5. Summer school (1955) . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 241 SECTION C. - ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, AND NUMBER OF SCHOOLS Type of school? Number of pupils enrolled (net registra¬ tion excluding duplicates)1 ' Average daily attendance18 Aggregate days of attendance W Length of school term (in days)20 Number of school»21 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Elementary8: (a) Kindergarten . (b) Elementary . 2. Secondary 9: . 3. Colleges, etc. I®: . TOTAL FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS . 4. Adult education^ . 5. Summer school (1955) . . SECTION D. - ENROLLMENT BY GRADE (Full-tlm# Day School* Only) Grade Total enrollment 1. Elementary: Kindergarten (incl. nursery) . First . Second . Third . Fourth . Fifth . Sixth . Seventh . F.ighth . Special elementary (ungraded) . TOTAL ELEMENTARY . Grade Total enrollment 2. Secondary (incl. junior high school): Seventh grade . Eighth . Ninth . . . . , , T^nth . Eleventh . Twelfth ,-T . Special secondary . Postgraduate . TOTAL SECONDARY . 3. College: Junior college . All orh^r ,, . SECTION E. - NOTES 242 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Form RSL-056 (Port II) Budget Bureau No. 51-R0U.6 Approval expires: 12/31/57 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education, Washington 25, D. C. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING _ _ , 1956 (Month) (Day) PART II. - FISCAL REPORT NOTE: This report should cover ALL public tax-supported schools in the public school system. Please read the in¬ structions before filling in. This report made by: Name _ Title SECTION A. - RECEIPTS AND BALANCES Item Total amount (Omit cents) 1. Balance on hand from previous fiscal year (include both revenue and nonrevenue balances, but exclude sinking fund): (a) For current operations . t (b) For building reserve . t (c) For serial bond interest and redemption! . l (d) Total balances from previous year [Sum of (a), (b), and (c)] . ) 2. Revenue receipts:? (a) Federal appropriations (received direct from Federal sources) . I (b) State taxes, apportionments, and appropriations (include Federal appropriations paid through the State)3 i (c) County taxes and appropriations^ . s (d) From local taxation (property, business, poll taxes, etc.)^ . t (e) Appropriations from local civil divisions, including city treasury^ . $ (f) From separate tax levy by district, city, or county, for debt service? . $ (g) Transfers of funds from other school districts for tuition and transportation** . t (h) All other revenue receipts (fines, penalties, gifts, bequests, rents, interest, tuition and transportation fees from patrons only, etc. Include only net receipts from lunchroom and from textbook sales)9 . t (i) Total revenue receipts [Sum of (a) through (h)] . t 3. Nonrevenue receipts:*® (a) From loans and bond sales ** . i (b) All other nonrevenue receipts*? . t (c) Total nonrevenue receipts [Sum of (a) and (b)] . t 4. GRAND TOTAL OF ALL RECEIPTS AND BALANCES [Sum of 1 (d), 2 (i) and 3 (c)] . * LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 243 SECTION B. - EXPENDITURES Total amount (Omit cents) 1. CURRENT EXPENSE Full-time day schools: (a) Administration (1) Gross salaries** . 1 (2) Supplies and other expenses . t (3) Total for administration [Sum of (1) and (2)] . t (b) Instructional staff— Gross salaries^ (1) Supervisors . s (2) Principals . 1 (3) Classroom teachers . t (4) Other nonsupervisory instructional staff . t (5) Clerks . t (c) Instructional staff — Supplies and other expenses . I (d) Textbooks free to pupils H . t (e) School libraries1^ . t (f) Total for instruction [Sum of b(l to 5), c, d, and e] . t (g) Operation of plant (salaries, supplies, and expenses )M> . t (h) Maintenance of plant (repairs and replacements, not capital outlay)^ . t (i) Other school services (formerly 'Auxiliary services"): (1) Attendance services . t (2) Health services (school physicians, dentists, nurses, etc.)l® . t (3) Transportation of pupils^ . t (4) School lunch program (debit balances only) . $ (5) All other school services (extra-curricular activities, etc.) . $ (j) Fixed charges allocated to pupil costs20 . « (k) Subtotal of items (g) through (j) . $ (1) Total current expenses for full-time day schools only [Sum of a(3), f, and k] . ) Community services: (m) To nonpublic schools for attendance services, textbooks, supplies, transportation, etc . t (n) Other community services: public libraries, public recreation, etc. 21 . I Fixed charges NOT allocated to pupil costs: (o) Transfers to other districts for tuition, transportation, and rent; tax refunds, etc . I (p) Subtotal of items (m), (n), and (o) . * (q) Adult education21 . t (r) Summer schools, 1955 (Instruction and other expenses) (a) Total current expenses [Sum of (1), (p), (q), and (r)] 244 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 2. CAPITAL OUTLAY (do NOT include maintenance of plant) (a) Sites, new buildings, additions, and improvements . (Omit cents) t (b) New equipment (include purchase of vehicles for transportation of pupils) . t (c) Total capital outlay [Sum of (a) and (b)] . s 3. DEBT SERVICE2? (If not available in office, please secure) (a) Redemption of .short-term loans (exclude all money borrowed and repaid during the fiscal year) . s (b) Redemption of school bonds: (1) Paid from current funds: Term bonds . t Serial bonds . 1 Total . s (2) Paid from sinking funds: Term bonds . t Serial bonds . $ (3) Paid by issue of new bonds to redeem old bonds . 1 (c) Interest paid on indebtedness (bond and short-term loans): (1) Paid from current funds . t (2) Paid from sinking funds . S - (d) Amount paid into school sinking funds . s (e) Other items of debt service23 . t (f) Total expenditures from current funds for debt service [Sum of (a), (b 1), (c 1), (d), and (e)] t SECTION C. - BALANCES CARRIED TO NEXT YEAR 1. For current operations . t 2. For building reserve . . . t 3 T For serial bond interest and redemption^ . . . . . . . t 4. Total balances [Sum of 1 , 2 , and 3 ] . t GRAND TOTAL [Sum of B 1 (s), B 2 (c), B 3 (f), and C (4)]24 . t SECTION D. - ORIGINAL COST OF PHYSICAL PLANT25 la. — Original cost lb. — Other basis (if data on original c :ost are not available) Amount Amount Cost of: Value of: (1) School sites . s (1) School sites . s (2) Buildings . t (2) Buildings . s (3) Equipment . s (3) Equipment . s Total . s Total . $ lc. — If you made entries in 1(b) above, what is the basis of valuation used? (Check one box below) | | Replacement value Qj Insurance value I j Present value Qj Other basis. (Specify) _ SECTION E. - SCHOOL INDEBTEDNESS (Omit cents) 1. School bonds outstanding at close of fiscal year: Term bonds . $ Serial bonds . $ Total . 1 2. Other forms of school debt (e.g., unpaid teacher warrants, etc.) . t 3. Total amount in school sinking fund at close of fiscal year2^ . s 4. Balance in serial bond and interest account^ at close of fiscal year (Should equal item C 3) ... t LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 245 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D. C. SURVEY OF CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1955-56 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING FORM RSL-056 - PART I - PERSONNEL REPORT INTRODUCTION Please read the following instructions carefully before filling in the form. This report should cover the school year 1955-56, which in most cases also coincides with the fiscal year. When the fiscal year differs from the school year, every effort should be made to have the data reported on the several parts of the form reflect activity in a single time period. Space has been provided in the heading for indicating the time period covered by the report. Carefully prepared current estimates will be accepted if data are not available for any item. Enter a dash (-) in any item which is not applicable to your school system and a zero (0) in applicable items for which the amount to be reported is zero. Do not leave items blank- If data are available for a combination of items, but are not available for the items individually, bracket the items and report the combined figure. ITEMS ON THE REPORT FORM (See superior numbers on questions) 1. Number of Positions.— Entries in Sections A and B should be based on the staffing pattern of the school administrative unit during the school year 1955-56. A position which has been occupied by several different indi¬ viduals during the year should be recorded as only one position. Do not report vacant positions. If an employee served in more than one position (for example, superintendent, supervisor, and teacher), he (or she) should be re¬ ported in the position to which the greatest part of the total time was devoted. If his (or her) time was divided equally, report the position yrhich requires the highest salary according to the salary schedule. If the time of employees who serve in several capacities during the school year is prorated among several positions, the fractional service should be totaled and reported in full-time equivalents. 2. Full-time.— Include as full-time all positions that require work for the prescribed number of hours per week for a full school year or calendar year. 3. Part-time. -If you can estimate the fractional part of the year represented by part-time positions, the sum of these should be reported as full-time equivalents in the full-time column (column 2 ). If you cannot, include as part-time all positions the duties of which require less than full-time service. 4. Superintendents. -The superintendent may also be a principal of a school building and, in a small system, may do some teaching. If he teaches more than half-time, he should be reported as a classroom teacher; if he devotes at least half of his time to administration of the school system, he should be reported as a superintendent (not as a principal). 5. Maintenance Staff.-Do not include maintenance people under contract for this service. 6. Pupil Transportation Personnel. -Include bus drivers and others employed by the school board to transport public-school pupils. Exclude contract service. If both public- and private-school pupils are transported at public expense and expenditures for public and private service are separate entries in part II, schedule B, the transporta¬ tion employees should be prorated and the public-school part only included here. 7. Type of School. -Include special schools and classes in the "type of school" category in which they belong; for example, pupils and teacher in a fifth-grade class for speech-defective children will be classified as “elementary". 8. Elementary.— Report in item "a" for all definitely organized kindergartens supported in whole or in part by public-school funds, even if they are housed in the same building with other elementary-school classes or high-school classes. Include here, also, subprimary and preprimary classes, and all definitely organized pre kindergarten programs of education, either half- or full-day. Report in item "b" for all elementary schools. Include both elementary schools that are part of a reorganized school system (those followed by junior, junior-senior, or undivided 5- and 6-year high schools) and elementary schools in systems organized on the traditional 8-4 or 7-4 plan. Include special schools and classes for groups of "exceptional" children doing work of elementary-school level. 246 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 -2- 9. Saeondory. -Report for all types of public high schools, junior, junior-senior, senior, undivided 5- and 6-year, regular, vocational, and trade high schools. Include special schools and classes for groups of 'exceptional* children doing work of secondary-school level. 10. Colleges and Normal School s. -Report for only those junior colleges, colleges, universities, and normal schools which are controlled by the board of education which controls elementary and secondary schools. Do not include schools controlled by a separate board of trustees. 11. Adult Education.— Include here only organized publicly-supported, educational programs which provide oppor¬ tunity for adults and out-of-school youth to further their education, such as, continuation classes, day and evening adult schools, and veterans’ education courses. Do not include on this line activities which are primarily social or recreational. 12. Supervisors. -Include under supervisors those persons who give half or more than half their time to the super¬ vision of instruction in special subjects and grades (or prorate) such as supervisors of manual training, home economics, music, etc., kindergartens, elementary grades, etc. Supervisors who give more than half their time to teaching should be reported as classroom teachers. In case supervisors divide their time between two types of schools, such as ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, prorate those supervisors according to the portion of their time given to each type of school. Do not include here itinerant teachers of music, art, penmanship, etc.; they should be reported as classroom teachers. 13. Principals.— Include principals of groups and districts and principals of buildings or similar units, such as principals of high schools, elementary schools, etc., who devote half or more than half their time to administration and supervision of instruction (or prorate). Principals or 'head teachers” who devote more than half their time to teaching should be reported as classroom teachers (or prorated). For purposes of this report, deans of colleges are to be reported in this column. 14. Classroom Teachers and Teaching Positions. -This is the number of classroom teaching positions actually filled in schools of a school system and is usually less than the number of different teachers employed during the year. Include substitute and itinerant teachers who are employed continuously throughout the school year. Also in¬ clude 'Head Teachers”. Do not include vacant positions. In case a position has been held part of the year by a man and part of the year by a woman, count the one by whom the position was filled the greater part of the year. 13. Other Nonsupervl sory Instructional Staff. —Include school librarians, guidance personnel (such as counselors, placement counselors, and guidance specialists), and psychological personnel (such as psychologists and psychome- trists). 16. Clerks.— Include stenographic and clerical workers assigned to supervisors, principals, classroom teachers, and the nonsupervisory instructional staff. 17. Pupils Enrolled. -Include the total number of different boys and girls whose names are on the school registers for the school year 1933-36, counting each name but once. For purposes of this report, if pupils are transferred during the year from one school to another within the same school system, they should be counted as enrolled only by the school first attended. Pupils who are promoted during the year should be counted only once and at the grade level first attended. 18. Avarag* Dally Attendance. -The average number of pupils actually present each day the schools were in session during the school year 1953-56 should be computed by dividing the aggregate days of attendance by the length of school term (in days) for each school. To secure average daily attendance for a group or system of schools, add together the average daily attendance of each school in the group or system. 19- Aggregate Days of Attendance. -This is the sum of all the days actually attended by all the pupils in the schools during the entire school year. In kindergartens and in ocher schools, where, because of overcrowded condi¬ tions or for ocher reasons, the attendance is limited to half-day sessions only, count each person present a full day. (This does not refer to part-time or continuation schools.) Days on which schools were closed for any purpose what¬ ever should not be included in ascertaining aggregate days of attendance. 20. Length of School Torn (In Days). -This should include only the number of days that the schools were actually open for instruction. Do not include legal or religious holidays on which schools were not in session, or days on which schools were closed for inclement weather, teacher institutes, or any other reason or cause. In a school system having different lengths of school year in its various units, the average number of days of all day schools is found by dividing the aggregate attendance in days of all day schools in the system by the average daily attendance in all day schools in the system. 21. Number of Schools.— A 'school,” for reporting purposes, is a division of the school system (a) consisting of a group of pupils comprising one or more grades, (b) organized as a single unit with one or more teachers to give instruction of a defined type or level, and (c) housed in a school plant of one or more buildings. More than one "school* may be housed in one school plant, as is the case when the elementary and secondary programs are housed in the same 'school plant. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! CITIES 247 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D. C. SURVEY OF CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING FORM RSL-056 PART II - FISCAL REPORT INTRODUCTION Please read the following instructions carefully before filling in the items on the Form. This report is for the fiscal year, which in most cases also coincides with the school year 1955-56. When the fiscal year differs from the school year, every effort should be made to have the data reported on the several parts of the form reflect activity in a single time period. Space has been provided in the heading of each part for indicating the time period covered by the report. Carefully prepared current estimates will be accepted if data are not available for any item. Enter a dash (-) in any item which is not applicable to your school system and a zero (0) in applicable items for which the amount to be reported is zero. Do not leave items blank. If data are available for a combination of items, but are not available for the items individually, bracket the items and report the combined figure. If special districts with powers to levy taxes and/or sell bonds for school building purposes exist within the school system, the receipts, balances, indebtedness, and expenditures of these special districts should be included with the comparable accounts for the school system in the preparation of this report. Exclude all data for self-sustaining, tuition-supported schools of all types even though they are conducted in public buildings. When specific services to schools (e.g., health, lunch, textbooks, etc.) are provided by a State, county, town, or city department other than this school system, the value of these services should be obtained, if available, or estimated and the amount should be included as an appropriation in receipts (Section A) and as an expenditure (Section B). After you have completed Part II, please reconcile the salary amounts shown in Section Bl(b) with the comparable positions reported in Part I, Section B. If average salary computed for each type of position reveals inconsistencies with relation to your salary schedule, please make the appropriate adjustments in the reports. 248 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 -2 - ITEMS ON THE REPORT FORM (See superior numbers on questions) - SECTION A • 1. Serial Bond Interest and Redemption Account. -This is the account set up for handling the proceeds of annual revenue for interest and/or the retirement of serial bonds. The balance in this account is the difference between the collections of current money to meet the fiscal year’s debt service expenses on serial bonds and the payments for the same fiscal year. 2. Revenue Receipts. -Report as revenue receipts all receipts which do not result in increasing school indebt¬ edness or in the depletion of school property. All revenue receipts should be net. Include as appropriations the actual amounts, if available, or the estimated cost of services (health, recreation, lunch program, etc.) furnished your school system by other departments of Government. 3. State Moneys. -Report all school revenue paid into the State treasury and distributed therefrom on a different basis from that on which it was collected, i.e., the city “usually received an amount either greater or less than the amount paid by the city to the State. Include Federal vocational aid paid through the State. 4. County Moneys. -Report all school revenue raised by the county, which is distributed to the city for the support of the city schools. A county-unit school district receiving revenues from its own tax levies and from ap¬ propriations of the regular county government should report receipts from the county government in item 2(c) and its own tax-levy income in item 2(d). 3. Local Taxation. -Report all moneys raised by local (i.e., town, township, district, or city) taxation on per¬ sonal property or real estate, on public and private utilities, from business taxes, and from poll taxes. Specific school taxes should be carefully distinguished from appropriations which may be alloced to the city for school purposes but which have NOT been specifically collected as school taxes. Item 2(d) should include not only the taxes raised for meeting the current expenses of the school system but also the taxes collected for the construction of school buildings and purchase of sites and of equipment (capital outlay). Exclude debt obligations if a separate tax is levied for debt service. 6. Local Appropriations. -Report the appropriations from the municipal treasury to increase the money available for municipal school purposes. In fiscally dependent school systems, all local moneys should be reported here, except moneys for debt service. 7. Tax Levy for Debt Service. -Report here all moneys raised specifically for meeting debt obligations whether by a special tax for school debt service only or a city or county tax for this purpose. Debt obligations include the accumulation of a sinking fund, retirement of bonds, payment of interest on indebtedness, etc. 8. Transfers of Funds. -Report all school moneys transferred from other county or local school systems. It will generally include tuition money for instruction and transportation fees. Exclude tuition from patrons, which should be included in item 2(h). 9. All Other Revenue Receipts.— Include all fines and penalties, all gifts, bequests, and contributions to the school system, all receipts from the rent of school buildings and school lots, all interest on bank deposits and invest¬ ment funds, and all tuition and transportation fees paid by school patrons (not tuition money transferred from another district, town, city, or county). Include the net profit only accruing from lunchrooms, textbook transactions, etc., carried on with school funds. 10. Nonrovonue Receipts.— All such receipts either incur indebtedness, which must be paid at some future date, or result in decreasing the amount and value of the school property. 11. Receipts from Loons and Bonds Sales. —Report here all receipts from bond sales negotiated during the fiscal year but do not report new bonds which were issued to redeem old bonds. Include short-term loans obtained and not repaid during the fiscal year and exclude loans which are repaid during the fiscal year. 12. All Other Nonrevenue Receipts. -Report here all moneys received from the sale of school buildings and grounds, sale of library books, furniture, scientific apparatus, automobiles, trucks, machinery, fuel, or other property belonging to the school system. Include the proceeds of insurance adjustments. Receipts from the sale of items purchased for sale during the school year should not be included. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: CITIES 249 - 3 - - SECTION B ■ 13. Gras* Salaries. — Report the total amount paid before any withholdings are made for retirement, for taxes, and for the purchase of bonds, health insurance, etc. 14. Textbooks Free to Pupils. -Report here only payments for textbooks furnished free to all public school pupils; payment for textbooks furnished free to indigents only should be charged to "All Other School Services,* [l(iX5)}. 13. School Libraries.— Report the cost of supplementary textbooks and also magazines, reference books, supplies, etc., supplied to the school library when paid for out of school funds. The initial cost of books for a new library, as well as large additions, should be reported under * Capital Outlay . " The expenses of maintaining and operating public libraries supported by funds from the board of education and to which pupils may have access, should be reported under 'Other community services,* [l(n)]. Salaries of librarians should be reported under 'Other nonsupervisory instructional staff,” [lb(4)]. 16. Operation of School PI ont. -Report here expenditures for keeping all school buildings open and ready for use, janitorial salaries, fuel, light, water, supplies, etc. Include here cost of operation of an administration building. 17. Maintenance of School Plant. -Report here expenditures made for the restoration of any piece of property (grounds, buildings, or equipment) to its original condition of completeness or efficiency. This includes the repair of buildings and upkeep of grounds and repairs and replacements of old or worn-out equipment. Include the cost of all labor and materials. Include here cost of maintenance of an administration building. Do not include expenditures for improvement of grounds in the nature of permanent equipment, all of which should be included under 'Capital Outlay.” 18. Health Services. -Include here also an estimate of the value of health services if provided to the school system by the State, county, city, or town health department; and be sure to include an identical amount as an ap¬ propriation in receipts (Section A). 19. Transportation of Pupils.— Include all current expenditures out of school funds for the transportation of pupils to and from public school, including the hire, operation and maintenance of vehicles; streetcar fares; allow¬ ances in lieu of transportation; etc. The purchase of vehicles for transportation of pupils should be charged to 'Capital Outlay.” Expenditures for transporting private-school pupils at public school expense should be estimated and reported as "services to nonpublic schools* under Community Services [1(2)]. 20. Fixed Charges Allocated to Pupil Costs.— Include all payments made directly by the city, town, or county school system (or indirectly for its account) for such recurrent charges as rent, teacher retirement, insurance, taxes (if any), etc. For example, in Ohio and New York the transaction may be consummated by the State through the deduction from State apportionment funds of the amount due as the contribution on the annual teachers’ retirement item for a district. Make the necessary adjustments in your income report so that this amount can be shown as an appropriation to the retirement fund. Include rent paid to the State or Local School Building Authority. Exclude funds deducted from the salaries of teachers; these should have been reported above under "Teachers’ Salaries.' 21. Othar Community Sorvlees.— Report here only the payments made by the Board of Education to such school- community activities as public libraries, recreation, etc. Exclude costs of organized adult education programs— continuation classes, day and evening adult schools, and Veterans’ education courses— which should be reported in [Bl(q)] below. 22. Debt Servlce.-lf these items are not available in your office, please secure the necessary data for this report from the local official handling such records (city, town, or county auditor, treasurer, etc.) so that further cor¬ respondence will be unnecessary. When this is done, please make proper entries in item Al(d) to cover these expen¬ ditures. 23. Othsr Items of Debt Service. —Include expenses incurred in connection with debt service, such as fees paid to paying agents. (Please turn page) 250 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 - 4 - - SECTION C - 24. GRAND TOTAL.— This figure represents the grand total of expenditures for current expenses, capital outlay, and debt service (exclusive of sinking funds) plus the total balances carried to next year. It must equal the grand total of all receipts and balances (see Section A item 4). If it does not, please recheck the entries. - SECTION D - 25. Original Cost of Physical Plant.-In order to maintain uniformity among city and county reports, please supply the original cost of school property. If data are available only on a basis other than original cost, enter the values in item 1 b and answer question 1 c. 26. Sinking Funds.— These are funds set up for the purpose of accumulating moneys over a period of years for the redemption of long-term obligations at maturity. Accounts established for handling annual revenue for interest and/or the retirement of serial bonds are not sinking funds. Payments out of interest and bond funds should be reported as payments from current funds in items B3(b)(l) and B3(cXl). Note that separate lines are provided in Section E for reporting balances in sinking fund and in serial bond and interest accounts. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1959 0 — 509375 PS-77-59 United States Government Printing Office DIVISION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS Washington 25, D.C. OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID PAYMENT OF POSTAGE, *300 (GPO) If you do not desire to continue to receive this type of publication, please check here □; tear off this label and return it to the above address. Your name will then be removed promptly from the appropriate mailing list. OE-20008 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1954-56 Statistics 0F Local School Systems: 1955-56 Suburban Cities Chapter 3 SECTION II U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE • Office of Education Highlights 1. This survey covers a total of 468 school systems in 419 suburban cities, which are defined as cities of 10,000 or more population located in a standard metropolitan area (with the exception of the central city) . Of the 468 school systems, 89 percent submitted satisfactory replies to the questionnaire. 2. In the school year 1955-56, one child in every 12 in the full-time public day schools of the Nation was enrolled in a suburban city school system. One child in every six in city school systems was enrolled in a suburban city school system. 3. Between 1953-54 and 1955-56, the rate of increase in en¬ rollments in suburban cities (9 percent) was more than twice that for related central cities (4 percent). 4. Despite rapidly expanding enrollments, suburban schools have kept down the size of their classes. The average size was 28.5 pupils for elementary classes and 27.1 pupils for secondary classes. 5. Of the four geographic regions, the West showed the highest proportion of men teachers for both elementary and secondary suburban-city schools. In this region the largest proportion of teachers had fewer than 5 years of experience (about 40 percent) ; whereas almost 30 percent of the suburban teachers in the Northeast region had 25 years of experience or more. 6. The median annual salary of suburban city teachers in 1955-56 was $4,785, as compared with $4,605 for all cities and $4,156 for the Nation as a whole. 7. Over 68 percent of the suburban city school systems of¬ fered special classes for mentally retarded children. 8. Over 97 percent of all suburban systems reported students enrolled in chemistry, physics, and biology; over 90 per¬ cent, in trigonometry, solid geometry, and intermediate algebra; and about 82 percent, in advanced algebra. 9. In 1955-56, suburban cities spent an average of $341.80 per pupil, compared with $305.15 for all other cities of comparable size. OE-20008 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1954-56 Statistics 0F Local School Systems: 1955-56 Suburban Cities By Joel Williams Head, Local School Systems Unit and Tobia Bressler Survey Statistician under the general direction of Emery M. Foster Chief, Research Studies and Surveys Section nn y ;b ft 1 FMEUBBIUnr 91960 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education, Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1954-56: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56 Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56 Chapter 3. Statistics of Local School Systems: 1955—56 Section I. Cities. Section II. Suburban Cities. Section III. County Units. Section IV. Rural Counties. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education, 1955-56 Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property. Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56 Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1960 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price $1 Foreword HPHIS SECTION of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 195Jf.-56, is devoted to statistics of the school systems of suburban cities, which heretofore have not been treated separately from other cities. The separate consideration in this biennium is based upon the increasing concern of sociologists, educators, and the informed public with the problems and effects of increasing sub- urbanization of the population. Much talk is current about suburbia, its excellences and drawbacks, but quantitative or qualitative data on suburban schools have been almost totally lacking. This study marks the first attempt of the Office of Education to present suburban city school statistics comparable with the statis¬ tics which the Office for some time has published on city school systems. The forms used in collecting the data from both types of systems were identical, except for an additional form, “Part III, Supplementary Report,” which was sent to suburban cities. Thus an attempt was made for the first time to gather information indicat¬ ing, to some degree, the quality of personnel, offerings, and other aspects of the school picture. The project met with a cordial response from respondents, although its usefulness was somewhat limited by lack of comparable data for previous time periods and from other types of school systems. It is hoped that in future studies these defects and others, mainly concerned with the definition of “suburbs,” may be remedied. For the present, the information collected appears in this section of the Biennial Survey in text, text tables, and basic tables, with whatever analysis was possible. Most of the data are shown by three city-size groups and four geographic regions, so that variations among the suburban school systems will be made evident. Some caution should be observed in interpreting regional figures, since the number of cities in the South that met the criteria of this survey for “sub¬ urban cities” is very small. A similar caution should be exercised with group I cities, those having a population of 100,000 or more. hi IV FOREWORD The Office of Education wishes to express thanks to the school administrators who participated in the discussions held for the purpose of formulating a questionnaire, to those who participated in its pretesting, and to those who supplied the many and varied items of information which were used in the basic tables of the final survey. Roy M. Hall Herbert S. Conrad, Director Assistant Commissioner Educational Statistics Branch for Research Contents Text Page Foreword _ hi Introduction _ 1 Coverage _ 4 Completeness of Returns _ 5 Presentation _ 5 Pupils Enrollment _ 7 Average daily attendance _ 12 Class size _ 13 Pupil-teacher ratio _ 15 Teachers General _ 17 Sex distribution _ 18 Years of experience _ 21 Salaries _ 22 Indicators of Quality _ 24 Specialized Staff Members Guidance workers and school psychologists _ 24 Librarians _ *, _ 26 Offerings Special classes for exceptional children _ 27 Adult education _ 28 Selected secondary courses _ 29 Financial Data Sources of revenue _ 30 Current expenditures _ 32 Per-pupil expenditures _ 32 v VI CONTENTS Text — Continued Appendix PaE„ Form RSL-056, Statistics of public schools in city and county school systems for the school year 1955-56, and Instructions _ 132 Standard metropolitan areas and central cities _ 147 Suburban cities by region, State, and population-size group, and suburban county-unit school systems by State _ 149 States comprising regions _ 156 Text Tables I. Number of suburban city school systems canvassed and percent reporting, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 _ 6 II. Number of suburban city school systems, enrollment, and percentage distribution, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 _ 7 III. Kindergarten enrollment as percent of total enrollment in suburban city school systems, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 _ 10 IV. Enrollment in selected suburban city school systems, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 and 1953-54. _ 11 V. Rate of growth in enrollment in school systems of sub¬ urban cities and central cities of related standard metropolitan areas, by region: 1953-54 to 1955-56. _ 12 VI. Average daily attendance as percent of enrollment in suburban city school systems, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 _ 13 VII. Percent distribution of size of class and average number of pupils per class in suburban city school systems, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 _ 14 VIII. Number of pupils enrolled and number in average daily attendance per teacher, by level, in suburban city school systems, for city-size group and region: 1955-56 _ 17 IX. Number and percent of persons reported as elementary and secondary classroom teachers in suburban city school systems, by sex, for city-size group and region : 1955-56 _ 18 X. Number of men teachers per 100 women teachers, for suburban city school systems: 1955-56 _ 19 CONTENTS VII Text Tables — Continued Page XI. Percent distribution of teachers in suburban city school systems, by sex and level, for city-size group and region: 1955-56 _ 20 XII. Percent distribution by years of experience of teachers in suburban city school systems, by level of school: 1955-56 _ 22 XIII. Median salaries paid and salaries scheduled for teachers in suburban city school systems, by level of prepara¬ tion and by region: 1955-56 _ 23 XIV. Number of specialized instructional staff members in suburban city school systems : 1955-56 _ 25 XV. Number of suburban city school systems offering special classes for mentally retarded and gifted children, by size of city and total enrollment: 1955-56 _ 27 XVI. Suburban city school systems offering adult education courses, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 _ 28 XVII. Percent of suburban city school systems offering selected secondary courses: 1955-56 _ 29 XVIII. Percent distribution of receipts for suburban city school systems: 1955-56 _ 31 XIX. Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance and percent distribution of current expendi¬ tures in suburban city school systems, by account: 1955-56 _ 33 XX. Comparative changes in average annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance, suburban and and other city school systems, by city-size group: 1951-52, 1953-54, and 1955-56 _ 34 Basic Tables 1. Personnel and attendance data for public school systems in suburban cities, by region, State, city-size group, and city: 1955-56 _ 35 2. Current expenditures for public school systems in suburban cities, by region, State, city-size group, and city: 1 955-56 __ 54 3. Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance, and percent distribution of expenditures in six major accounts, in suburban city school systems: 1955-56. 72 4. Revenue and nonrevenue receipts of suburban city school systems from Federal, State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by region, State, city-size group, and city; and capital outlay: 1955-56 _ 91 VIII CONTENTS Basic Tables — Continued Page 5. Percent distribution of receipts for public school systems in suburban cities: 1955-56 _ 110 6. Enrollment and personnel data in suburban county-unit public school systems: 1955-56 _ 128 7. Distribution of teachers by salary group in suburban county- unit public school systems: 1955-56 _ 129 8. Current expenditures in suburban county-unit public school systems: 1955-56 _ 130 Figures 1. Rate of population growth in suburban cities and related central cities: 1940 to 1950 _ 3 2. Rate of growth in enrollments of school systems in suburban cities and related central cities: 1954-53 to 1955-56 _ 11 3. Percent distribution of class size in suburban city school systems: 1955-56 _ 16 4. Percent of men and women teachers in suburban city school systems: 1955-56 _ 19 Map Suburban cities, suburban counties, and related standard metro¬ politan areas: 1950 _ 8 Statistics of Local School Systems: Suburban Cities, 1955-56 Introduction Since 1871 the United States Office of Education has published a regular series of periodic reports on city school systems in the Biennial Survey of Education. The reports have presented a statistical picture of the status of city school systems by providing data on enrollments, attendance, staff, physical facilities, and financial transactions. In the past, cities had been classified only by region and population size, without regard for other factors which might lead to further stratifica¬ tion. However, in recognition of the changing pattern of urban living and the resulting heterogeneous nature of the universe of cities, in 1955-56 a special group of these cities, namely, suburban cities, was isolated for special study. Suburban cities were those which had in 1950 a population of 10,000 or more and were located in a standard metropolitan area, with the exception of the central city (or cities) of the standard metropolitan area. Data on staff, enrollments, receipts, and expenditures were collected for the suburban cities in the same fashion as for the cities which did not qualify for inclusion as suburban under the above definition. However, the suburban city systems were also requested to reply to additional questions on specialized staff members, selected curriculum offerings, characteristics of teachers, salaries, class size, and other items which would provide some gross measurement of the quality of education in these suburban school systems. (See appendix A for copy of form RSL-056, parts I, II, and III.) During the past two decades, metropolitan populations of this nation have expanded beyond the confining boundaries of cities to new areas of population-concentration. These satellites of the large cities have mushroomed into places of substantial size and importance, 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 and as a result of their phenomenal growth have developed character¬ istic advantages and problems of their own. These areas, known by many different names, are generally called the suburbs, or suburban cities. Students of population have made many attempts to classify the large cities and their environs in order to study the size and composi¬ tion of the areas and compare them with their counterparts and opposites. In use during the current decade is the term, “standard metropolitan area,” defined and delimited for the 1950 census. Briefly, the standard metropolitan area centers around a city of 50,000 popula¬ tion or more (the central city), and includes the county in which the city is located and such contiguous counties as qualify for inclusion in the area on the basis of specific criteria of metropolitan character. (For a detailed definition of Standard Metropolitan Area and Central City see appendix B.) The metropolitan areas themselves accounted for over 80 percent of the total population growth from 1940 to 1950, and for over 97 percent from 1950 to 1955. The most rapidly growing segment of the metropolitan area has been the ring which contains the suburban cities and is located outside the central city. The population of this ring increased by 29 percent between 1940 and 1950, whereas during the same period urban places outside metropolitan areas increased by 26 percent. More recent estimates show that this gap is widening. Metropolitan urban area population increased 19 percent in the 1950- 55 period as compared with 5 percent for nonmetropolitan urban areas.1 During the decade of the ^O’s, the rate of growth of the population in the suburban cities of this survey was far greater than in the nearby major cities. (See figure 1.) An analysis of this growth by regions discloses that in the South and West the suburban cities far outstripped their related metropolitan cities in rate of population increase, in spite of the fact that the latter also showed a significant growth in population. As a result of this great movement of the American people to the fringes of the central cities of metropolitan areas, there has been a much-heightened awareness and interest in the suburbs. Because of the importance of determining the extent to which these areas of large population growth are not only meeting their educational problems but are also maintaining or even improving educational standards, the Office of Education has planned a series of systematic statistical studies of the suburbs, of which this is the first. i Taeuber, Conrad and Taeuber, Irene B. The Changing Population of the United States. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1958. Tables 42, 43, and 44. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 3 RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH IN SUBURBAN CITIES AND RELATED CENTRAL CITIES 19 40 TO 1950 Figure 1. — Rate of population growth in suburban cities and related central cities: 1940 to 1950. The use of the word “suburban” has now reached the stage of development in the language where it is relied upon constantly for descriptive and identification purposes, but is rarely defined clearly. Before the present study could be undertaken, it was necessary that a practical, working definition be developed. For the current study a suburban city has been defined as a city of 10,000 or more population located in a standard metropolitan area. The central city of that area is not included. A study of suburban school systems must begin with an appraisal of the concept of “suburban.” The idea of a suburb as “that built-up area around a large city” may fulfill the needs of the advertising man but does not provide the researcher with an operational defini¬ tion. The researcher, be he an educator, population analyst, econ¬ omist, or sociologist, must use a “practical” definition and must think in terms of an area for which data are available or could be readily collected. The literature on the subject has used as suburban areas all cities of 10,000 or more population other than the central cities in metropolitan areas. A basic study by Chauncy D. Harris, published in 1943, 2 appears to have provided a foundation for subsequent works classifying metropolitan areas and suburban cities by function as well as by population size. Using data on population, government, business, and industry, Harris established eight functional types of areas ranging from resort and mining to transportation and manufacturing. * Harris, Chauncy D. Suburbs. American Journal of Sociology, 49: 1-13, July 1943. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 The techniques developed in the Harris study were adapted by Grace Kneedler Ohlson 3 4 for additional research on the economic classification of cities, as published in the Municipal Yearbook. The most recent revision of this work served as a guide for the selection of suburban cities in the current survey of suburban city school systems. In preparing the revision, which uses data from the 1950 census, Victor Jones, Professor of Governments, Wesleyan University, Connecticut, has developed the concept of the “metropolitan status of the city.,, 4 This consists of a division of the cities into nine categories on the basis of metropolitan status as follows: “I,” inde¬ pendent, if the city is located outside a standard metropolitan area; “C,” central, if the city is classified as a central city by the Bureau of the Census; and “S,” suburb, if the city is located in a metropolitan area, but is not a central city. Each of these three types of cities is further classified as a dormitory or residential city, a balanced city, or an employing city, on the basis of net daily migration to and from the city for the purpose of working in manufacture and trade. Although for the purpose of this school-system study it is not essen¬ tial to know in detail the method of classification, it is interesting to note that 45 percent of the suburban cities in the study were considered dormitory, 30 percent employing, and the remainder balanced cities. The significance of this type of classification, especially with reference to the school systems of the selected suburban cities, is not quite clear, since the variables used in determining the subdivision were quite crude. Coverage The universe of the suburban city school-system survey comprises 419 cities of 10,000 or more population as of the 1950 census. In these cities there were 468 school systems. (See map. The numbers in parentheses on the map are the number of suburban cities in each standard metropolitan area.) The practice in some of the larger States of operating separate school systems for elementary and for secondary levels accounts for the greater number of systems than cities. Excluded from the total are eight cities which operated their schools in joint systems with other areas, and for which, therefore, information for individual cities was not readily available. 3 Ohlson, Grace Kneedler. Economic Classification of Cities, The Municipal Yearbook. Chicago: The International City Managers’ Association, 1947. p. 31-40. 4 Jones, Victor. Economic Classification of Cities and Metropolitan Areas, op. cit. p. 62-70. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 5 Counties which operated as county-unit systems and qualified as suburban under the general rule were included in the survey as sub¬ urban counties. However, the data collected for suburban counties were considered secondary and were not combined with those for cities. Summary findings for suburban counties are shown separately in tables 6, 7, and 8. A list of the suburban cities and counties appears in appendix C. Completeness of Returns All cities which qualified as suburban and could report as separate units were included in the survey. The three basic forms used in the survey (see appendix A) were sent to all suburban cities and suburban counties. Of a total of 468 suburban school systems surveyed, 89 percent returned all three parts of the form with com¬ plete or partial replies to all the questions. (See table I.) Those systems which failed to complete the forms gave as their major reasons the pressure of work and lack of personnel. They indicated, however, that they would appreciate being included in the next survey and would like to see the final results of the current survey. Presentation The data collected in this survey are shown here as both absolute and derived figures for the individual cities and groups of cities. The suburban cities, which range in size from 10,000 to 250,000 in¬ habitants, have been grouped by population size, based on the census of 1950. The three groups are: I — 100,000 or more population; II — - 25,000 to 99,999 population; and III — -10,000 to 24,999 population. The major geographic classifications used in this report are regions. The component States of each of the four regions are listed in appendix D. Inasmuch as there was a variable response to the individual items on the form, the number of school systems reporting on a particular characteristic is shown in the table presenting data for that characteristic. Table I. — Number of suburban city school systems canvassed and percent reporting, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 O E o O CD CO • 13 CD Id :t 1 £ ° LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 7 Pupils Enrollment In the school year 1955-56, one child in every 12 enrolled in full¬ time day schools was in a suburban city school system, as defined in this study. There were 2,693,305 pupils in the 462 suburban city schools systems reporting. (See table II.) About half of the enrollees were in systems in medium-size suburban cities, that is, cities of 25,000 to 100,000 population. The highly urbanized northeastern region, with over 46 percent of the suburban school systems, accounted for 40 percent of the total suburban enrollment. Table II. — Number of suburban city school systems, enrollment , and per¬ centage distribution, by city-size group and region: 1955-56 Region and city-size group Number of suburban city school systems Total enrollment Percentage distribution Suburban city school systems Total enrollment l 2 3 4 5 Total United States _ _ _ 31, 162, 843 Suburban cities, total... . _ 462 l 2, 693, 305 100.0 100.0 Group 1.. . .. 12 313, 605 2.6 11.6 Group II _ _ ... 158 1, 274, 519 34.2 47.4 Group III - 292 1, 105, 181 63.2 41.0 Northeast _ _ 214 1,081,475 46.4 40.1 Group 1 _ . _ _ 6 99, 647 1.4 3.7 Group II _ _ — _ _ 78 564, 501 17.0 20.9 Group III _ _ _ 130 417,327 28.0 15.5 North Central _ 148 783, 393 32.0 29.1 Group 1 _ _ _ 2 59,719 0.4 2.2 Group II _ . 52 404, 498 11.3 15.0 Group III _ _ 84 319, 176 20.3 11.9 South _ 18 134,665 3.9 5.0 Group 1 _ _ 1 21,134 0.2 0.8 Group II _ _ _ _ 5 38,717 1.1 1.4 Group III _ _ _ 12 74,814 2.6 2.8 West _ 82 693, 772 17.7 25.8 Group 1 _ 3 133, 105 0.6 4.9 Group II _ 23 266, 803 5.0 9.9 Group III _ _ _ 56 293, 864 12.1 11.1 1 Includes junior colleges. Suburban city school systems reported a higher proportion of kindergarten enrollments than that reported for the country as a whole. (See table III.) Kindergarten enrollment comprised 5 percent of the total enrolhnent reported in chapter 2 of the Biennial Survey , “Sta¬ tistics of State School Systems,” less than 8 percent of the enrollment in all cities of 10,000 population or more, and more than 9 percent 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 1 SUBURBAN CITIES, SUBl RELATED STANDARD METI Note: Suburban cities shown on map are cities of 10,000 or more population in standard metropolitan areas. These 419 cities con¬ stitute the universe of the Suburban City School System Survey 1955-56. Suburban counties are counties of 10,000 or more population in standard metropolitan areas. There are 21 suburban counties. Number in parentheses ( ) is the number of suburban cities in the standard metropolitan area. Number is not shown for suburban counties. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 9 URBAN COUNTIES, AND ROPOLITAN AREAS: 1950 n Suburban county H Standard metropolitan area 532939—60 - 2 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 t. ) of the enrollment in suburban city school systems. This is not sur¬ prising when one considers that in suburban areas, with a high pro¬ portion of young parents, many of whom themselves have attended public kindergarten, there is probably a broader recognition of the need and value of kindergarten training. Table III. — Kindergarten enrollment as percent of total enrollment in sub¬ urban city school systems, by city -size group and region: 1955-56 Total Kindergarten enrollment City-size group and region enrollment Number Percent of total l 2 3 4 Total United States1 _ 31,162,843 1, 564, 396 5.0 All suburban cities _ .. . . _ ___ . _ _ _ _ 2,693, 305 244, 069 9.1 City-size group: Group 1 _ — _ 313,605 27, 325 111,729 8.7 Group II.. . . .. _ 1,274,519 8.8 Group III _ 1,105,181 105, 259 9.5 Region: Northeast.. _ _ _ _ 1,081,475 86, 767 8.0 North Central _ _ _ _ 783, 393 80, 507 10.3 Smith 134,665 693, 772 3, 863 72, 932 2.9 West _ _ _ 10.5 1 Source: U.S. Office of Education. Biennial Survay of Education in the United States — 1954-56, Chap. 2, “Statistics of State School Systems— 1955-56: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances.” Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1959. A striking comparison can be made between the rates of growth of total enrollment in suburban cities and in the central cities of the related standard metropolitan areas. These two groups of cities are in the same geographic and economic areas, and communication on a social and cultural level is relatively high. However, the expansion or contraction of enrollees in each of the related areas differs greatly. Whereas the enrollment in suburban cities increased over 9 percent between 1953-54 and 1955-56, the increase in the related central cities was only 4 percent. (See table V and figure 2.) In each of the regions except the South the rate of growth was greater in the suburban cities than in the central cities. The rela¬ tively small number of cities, both suburban and central, in the South makes it quite difficult to provide definitive reasons for the difference in this region. A study of individual central cities in that region reveals that nine-tenths of the increase during the period was concentrated in only a few cities which had recently annexed ex¬ tensive areas of adjoining territory. When an adjustment is made for these cities, the increase in the remaining ones is not significantly different from the increase in the central cities of the other regions. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 11 Table IV. — Enrollment in selected suburban city school systems , by city-size group and region: 1955-56 and 1953-54 Region and city-size group Number of school systems 1955-56 Enrollment 1953-54 i Percent change 1 2 3 4 5 Total _ 423 2,515,834 2,288,539 +9.9 Group 1 _ _ 12 313,605 303, 213 +3.4 Group II _ _ 155 1,254,211 1,164,460 +7.7 Group III _ _ _ 256 948,018 820, 866 +15.5 Northeast _ _ _ _ 212 1,065, 774 1,003,075 +6.3 Group 1 _ _ 6 99,647 99, 157 +0.5 Group II _ _ . . 76 548, 800 517,385 +6. 1 Group III _ _ 130 417,327 386, 533 +8.0 North Central _ 132 720,815 638, 840 +12.8 Group 1 _ 2 59,719 54, 893 +8.8 Group II _ _ _ _ 52 404, 498 373,021 +8.4 Group III _ _ _ _ _ 78 256, 598 210, 926 +21.7 South . . . . — - - 16 113, 530 109, 124 +4.0 Group 1 _ 1 21,134 21,748 2.8 Group II. _ _ _ _ _ — . 5 38,717 37,717 +2.7 Group III _ _ _ 10 53,679 49, 659 +8.1 West _ _ _ 63 615,715 537, 500 +14.6 Group 1 _ 3 133, 105 127,415 +4.5 Group II _ _ _ . 22 262, 196 236,337 +10.9 Group III _ 38 220, 414 173,748 +26.9 1 Data for 93 cities were obtained from reports published by the State departments of education. These data were not available for the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States— 1952-54, chap. 3, “Sta¬ tistics of City School Systems— 1953-54.” Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956. RATE OF GROWTH IN ENROLLMENTS OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS IN SUBURBAN CITIES AND RELATED CENTRAL CITIES 1953-54 TO 1955-56 REGION NORTHEAST - NORTH CENTRAL - SOUTH WEST Figure 2. — Rate of growth in enrollments of school systems in suburban cities and related central cities: 1953-54 to 1955—56. — ' — i — r — n — "• — i — 1 — t — , AM relored #/centrol cities i — ■ — i — • — i — • — i ■ All suburban tX cities MXXM 7 \ 1 ], i_ i , i , 0 2 4 6 6 10 12 14 16 I PERCENT 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 It might be expected that the great expansion in suburban areas would result in a more pronounced change in school enrollments than has been recorded in this survey. This raises the question as to whether the definition of (l ‘suburban” in this survey has omitted an important segment of the population, generally considered as subur¬ ban. The 1955-56 data show that the growth in enrollments was least in group I suburban cities and greatest in the smaller suburban cities — those of 10,000 to 25,000 population. A similar pattern persists throughout all regions. (See table IV.) This fact may indicate the need for an expansion of the suburban coverage to cities below 10,000 population and to unincorporated areas with relatively large aggregations of suburbanites. Table V. — Rate of growth in enrollment in school systems of suburban cities and central cities of related standard metropolitan areas , by region: 1953-54 to 1955-56 Region Percent change in en¬ rollment Suburban city school systems Central city school systems All cities _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _. _ +9.4 +4.3 Northeast _ __ __ ... _ _ _ +5.7 +11.8 +3.5 +14.5 +0.9 +3.3 +11.6 +7.6 North Central South _ -.. _ ... _ _ _ ... _ West _ _ . __ Average Daily Attendance The relationship between enrollment and average daily attendance provides a quantitative measure of the use of school facilities and, more important, the actual daily teacher load. In suburban school systems the percent of average daily attendance to enrollment was 88.9. (See table VI.) This ratio varied only slightly among the systems of the three city-size groups. The proportion of enrolled pupils attending school daily in cities of 100,000 population or more was 87.3 percent; in cities of 25,000 to 100,000, 88.9 percent; and in small suburban cities, 10,000 to 25,000, 89.2 percent. A maximum attendance-enrollment ratio may not have been reached in the school systems of this country as yet. However, a comparison of data collected for different types of areas throughout the country shows that the figure for 1955-56 is quite stable. The reports from State offices of education, rural county, suburban, and nonsuburban city school systems indicate that approximately 89 percent of the children enrolled attended school daily. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 13 Table VI.— Average daily attendance as percent of enrollment in suburban city school systems , by city-size group and region: 1955-56 City-size group and region Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance ADA as percent of enrollment l 2 3 4 All suburban cities 2, 653,898 2,360, 161 88.9 City-size group: Gtoud 1 291, 507 1,259, 475 1, 102, 916 1,082, 005 774,602 133, 485 663, 806 254,410 1,120, 064 985,687 961,578 689, 049 119, 040 590, 494 87.3 Group II . . _ - _ - -. 88.9 Group III _ _ _ _ 89.4 Region : Northeast _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ 88.9 North Central _ - _ _ 89.0 South _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ 89.2 West 89.0 Class Size It is generally conceded among modern educators that children need more than new school buildings and play space in a pleasant environment. Other requirements are a well-trained instructional staff, a balanced curriculum, and generally high educational standards, along with uncrowded classes and the consequent opportunity for individual attention to each pupil. In spite of the tremendous burden of a rapidly expanding school population, suburban schools are managing to stay ahead of more stable school areas in keeping down the size of classes. Results of the current survey indicate that elementary classes in suburban city school systems are smaller than classes in all cities combined. Data were reported on the size of elementary classes for 341 suburban city school systems for the school year 1955-56. (See table VII.) For these systems, approximately 45 percent of the classes had 30 or more pupils enrolled. An estimate 5 for all school districts, suburban and nonsuburban combined, shows that about 50 percent of all classes had 30 or more pupils. The lower suburban ratio evidently reflects in part the interest of suburban parents and school authorities in maintaining classes at a reasonable size. Although the above-mentioned figures may indicate less crowding in suburban city elementary classes than in other areas, nevertheless almost 7,000 of the 48,000 classes in suburban systems had 35 pupils or more; and further, of the 7,000, over 1,200 classes had more than 40 pupils. 5 Research Division, National Education Association, Class Size in the Elementary Schools of Urban School Districts, 1955-66. Washington: The Association, 1956. 20 p. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 15 Secondary school classes in suburban cities were somewhat smaller than elementary classes. The average size of the 130,000 secondary classes was 27.1 pupils as compared with 28.5 for elementary classes. Approximately 40 percent of all classes at the secondary level bad 30 or more pupils. Going from East to West, elementary class size was successively larger in each region, ranging from an average of 26.9 pupils per class in the Northeast to 31.1 pupils per class in the West. Approximately one-third of the elementary classes in the Northeast region had 30 or more pupils, whereas two-thirds in the West had 30 or more. (See figure 3.) For secondary schools, the regional relationship was somewhat different, although the West remained the region with the largest class size. In the South, at the low end of the distribution, only one-third of all secondary classes in suburban city schools had 30 or more pupils, with an average class size of 26.0 pupils per class. In the West, on the other hand, almost half of all classes had 30 or more pupils, with an average class size of 29.4. The differential rate of increase in enrollment among the regions and the availability of classroom teachers are probably the two major reasons for the variation in class size. The West, with its large and rapid population growth and expanding enrollments, has been unable to avoid classes larger, on the average, than those in other regions, where growth has been more gradual. Although there is as yet no agreement on optimum class size for each grade level and subject-matter area, the general, long-term trend has been toward smaller classes. It appears that, once the initial impact of the mushrooming growth of suburban areas has been over¬ come, class size in these areas returns to a level lower than that pre¬ vailing in city school systems as a whole. Pupil-Teacher Ratio A measure frequently used in analyses of school data is the pupil- teacher ratio. For all suburban city school systems combined the ratio of pupils enrolled per teacher was 25.6. (See table VIII.) Based on average daily attendance the comparable ratio was 22.8. These ratios are usually higher on a national basis in elementary schools than in high schools; and the relationship applies as well in suburban city school systems. It must be pointed out that data on pupil-teacher ratio classified by elementary and secondary levels should be used with caution. Data on pupils by grade level may not be completely comparable with customary school district classifica- 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF CLASS SIZE IN SUBURBAN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1955-56 Elem en t or y REGION NORTHEAST- NORTH CENTRAL- SOUTH — WEST - 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENT REGION NORTHEAST- NORTH CENTRAL- SOUTH — WEST - 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENT CLASS SIZE: □ Less than 20 pupils 8 30 t 0 34 pupils 20 to 24 pupils B 35 t 0 39 pupils ^ m 25 to 29 pupils ffl 40 o r more pupils Figure 3. — Percent distribution of class size in suburban city school systems: 1955-56. Secondary LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 17 tion of instructional personnel by grade level, because occasionally these data are maintained for varying administrative purposes. However, these figures do provide some basis for comparison among city-size groups and among regions. Table VIII. — Number of pupils enrolled and number in average daily attend¬ ance per teacher , by level , in suburban city school systems , for city-size group and region: 1955-56 City-size group and region Both levels Elementary Secondary Enrolled In ADA Enrolled In ADA Enrolled In ADA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All suburban cities _ _ _ 25.6 22.8 28.5 25.1 21.4 19.4 City-size group: Group 1 _ 29.5 25.8 33.7 29.0 23.7 21.3 Group II. . . 23.8 21.1 26.7 23.5 19.7 17.9 Group III _ _ _ 27.0 24.1 29.6 26.1 23.1 21.0 Region: Northeast _ ... . 22.5 20.0 25.1 22.1 19.1 17.3 North Central .. . _ _ 27.4 24.4 30.0 26.4 23.1 21.0 South _ ... _ 26.4 23.5 30.2 26.9 20.9 18.8 West _ 29.8 26.5 33.1 29.1 24.8 22.5 Among suburban city school systems, pupil-teacher ratios were significantly lower in group II cities than in the other two size groups at both the elementary and secondary levels. Regionally, the pat¬ terns were identical with those described in the preceding section on class size. Teachers General The school year 1955-56 was the first in recent years during which an effort was made in the Office of Education’s Biennial Survey to collect data for classroom teachers as a separate group. Previously called “instructional personnel,” the category had included librarians, guidance workers, school psychologists, and health personnel, as well as classroom teachers. This effort was not completely successful, as there is some evidence that the data on characteristics of class¬ room teachers in a few suburban city school systems for 1955-56 still included information for these other instructional personnel. Since classroom teachers constitute over 95 percent of the total instructional staff, the effect on the data of the inclusion of certain of these other staff members is probably negligible. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table IX.— Number and percent of persons reported as elementary and sec¬ ondary classroom teachers in suburban city school systems, by sex, for city-size group and region: 1955-56 City-size group and region Total Both sexes Men Women Elementary (including kinder¬ garten) Secondary (including junior high) Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NUMBER All suburban cities * . . 91,432 54, 045 37, 387 6, 236 19,435 47, 809 17, 952 City-size group: Group 1 _ 9, 587 5, 528 4,059 494 2, 028 5, 034 2, 031 Group II _ 42, 985 25, 409 17, 576 2,917 9, 203 22, 492 8, 373 Group III _ 38, 860 23, 108 15, 752 2, 825 8, 204 20, 283 7, 548 Region: Northeast _ 39, 429 22, 922 16, 507 2, 428 8, 250 20, 494 8, 257 North Central _ 26, 261 16, 024 10, 237 1,921 5, 394 14, 103 4,843 South _ 5, 439 3,215 2, 224 174 819 3, 041 1,405 West _ 20, 303 11,884 8,419 1,713 4, 972 10, 171 3,447 PERCENT All suburban cities _ 100.0 59.1 40.9 11.5 52.0 88.5 48.0 City-size group: Group 1 _ 100.0 57.7 42.3 8.9 50.0 91.1 50.0 Group II _ 100.0 59.1 40.9 11.5 52.4 88.5 47.6 Group III _ 100.0 59.5 40.5 12.2 52.1 87.8 47.9 Region: Northeast _ 100.0 58.1 41.9 10.6 50.0 89.4 50.0 North Central _ 100.0 61.0 39.0 12.0 52.7 88.0 47.3 South _ 100.0 59. 1 40.9 5.4 36.8 94.6 63.2 West _ 100.0 58.5 41.5 14.4 59.1 85.6 40.9 1 Based on 410 suburban city school systems reporting number of teachers by sex and level. Sex Distribution Although the traditional pattern of women outnumbering men in the teaching profession exists in suburban cities, the differences among levels and areas may presage future change. Among all teachers in suburban city systems there were 39 men for every 100 women. In secondary schools, however, the number of men teachers exceeded the number of women teachers in the ratio of 108 to 100. (See tables IX and X and figure 4.) The South was the only region of the country where there was a higher proportion of women teachers at every school level from kinder¬ garten through high school. Outmigration from the South, coupled with a generally low salary schedule for teachers in that region, may have resulted in the loss of qualified men from teaching positions. The West, at the other end of the scale, showed the highest proportion of men teachers of the four regions for both elementary and secondary schools. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 19 Table X.— Number of men teachers per 100 women teachers, for suburban city school systems: 1955-56 Men teachers per 100 women teachers Region by city-size group Total Kinder¬ garten Elemen¬ tary Junior high Other secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 All suburban cities 1 _ 39 1 14 88 119 Group 1 36 11 85 113 Group II _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 14 88 123 Group III _ 40 1 15 89 116 Northeast _ 37 1 13 82 109 Group 1 _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 11 61 102 Group II _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 13 86 115 Group III _ 39 2 13 83 106 North Central _ 39 15 90 122 Group 1. _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 13 81 99 Group II _ _ _ 41 15 91 132 Group III _ 38 14 87 115 South _ 22 1 6 51 62 Group 1 24 6 52 52 Group II _ _ _ 20 3 42 75 Group III _ 23 1 8 56 59 West _ 49 1 19 113 162 Group 1 _ _ _ . _ _ 46 10 116 170 Group II _ 51 17 105 141 Group III _ _ _ 49 2 23 116 183 1 Based on 410 suburban city school systems reporting number of teachers by sex. PERCENT OF MEN AND SUBURBAN CITY 19 5 5 ELEMENTARY WOMEN TEACHERS IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS - 56 Figure 4. — Percent of men and women teachers in suburban city school systems: 1955-56. The ratio of men to women teachers varies only slightly with city size. The only consistent difference appears in the percent of men teachers in elementary schools, the larger cities having a lower proportion of them in elementary schools. This might be expected because of the existence of alternative employment opportunities for men in the larger cities. Table XI. — Percent distribution of teachers in suburban city school systems , by sex and level, for city-size group and region: 1955-56 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 21 Women in the teaching profession are generally found in the lower grades, while the men are more likely to be teaching in junior and senior high school grades. (See table XI.) Approximately 72 percent of the women teachers in suburban cities are in kindergarten and elementary grades and 75 percent of the men teachers are in junior and senior high school grades. This pattern would seem to reflect sex differences in interests and the requirements of teaching situations. Years of Experience Suburban city school systems, like all other systems in the country, have staffing problems. Some of the suburban areas have grown so rapidly, in many cases because of new housing developments and industrial expansion, that keeping pace with the resulting increase in school population becomes an almost impossible job. The admin¬ istrators of school systems in areas of relatively low population growth may find an adequate supply of qualified teachers. They may also be able to retain their staff over long periods of time. On the other hand, in areas where the growth is rapid, the problems of an insufficient supply of teacher personnel exists in an aggravated form. These areas are characterized by heavy family migration with a consequent imbalance between numbers of students and num¬ bers of teachers, thus complicating the problems of school adminis¬ tration and finance. Despite the problems of rapid growth and the resultant shortage of teachers, the survey revealed that practically all of the teachers on the staff of suburban city school systems were fully certified. The population shifts in the past may be one of the major causes for the problems encountered in teacher turnover. Results from the survey of suburban city schools give some insight into the distribution of teachers in the systems with reference to their years of professional experience. (See table XII.) In the West, the region of the largest population growth and increased enrollment, the proportion of teach¬ ers with fewer than 5 years of experience is greatest. Approximately 40 percent at all levels in that region have fewer than 5 years of teach¬ ing experience. In the Northeast, the region of the smallest popula¬ tion growth, the proportion of teachers with fewer than 5 years of experience is only 25 percent, the highest proportion being in the group with 25 or more years of experience. Elementary schools have the greatest proportion of the less experienced teachers, reflecting higher demand at these grade levels. This is true for all areas of the 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 country. In general, the West with its fast-growing suburban cities tends to employ teachers with less experience; while the Northeast, where the possibilities of suburban growth are limited by existing heavy urbanization, has little necessity for employing less experienced teachers. Table XII. — Percent distribution by years of experience of teachers in sub¬ urban city school systems , by level of school: 1955-56 Years of experience All suburban cities City-size group Region 1 II III North¬ east North Central South West l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All teachers _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years _ 29.4 30.5 27.8 30.8 25.2 29.8 25.7 38.4 5 to 14 years _ . _ 30.8 28.4 30.3 32.1 26.9 30.3 35.9 38.2 15 to 24 years. . ... - - 17.5 14.8 17.7 17.9 17.9 18.0 23.4 14.0 25 years and over _ 22.3 26.3 24.2 19.2 30.0 21.9 15.0 9.4 Elementary teachers _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years _ 33.1 35.7 32.2 33.2 28.7 33.7 25.1 42.9 5 to 14 years _ 29.8 26.6 29.2 31.3 25.9 29.1 35.6 36.7 15 to 24 years _ 15.9 12.1 15.6 17.2 15.7 17.2 24.6 12.0 25 years and over - - - 21.2 25.6 23.0 18.3 29.7 20.0 14.7 8.4 Junior high school teachers _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years _ _ 29.0 33.2 25.7 32.0 25.4 31.2 26.7 35.2 5 to 14 years _ 33.2 32.8 32.6 34.5 29.1 34.7 41.8 38.1 15 to 24 years _ 17.5 15.4 18.1 17.7 19.1 14.5 22.0 15.8 25 years and over _ 20.3 18.6 23.6 15.8 26.4 19.6 9.5 10.9 Other secondary teachers _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 Under 5 years _ _ 21.6 16.7 18.7 25.1 17.5 21.4 26.5 29.6 5 to 14 years _ 31.5 29.1 30.2 33.0 27.4 30.6 33.4 41.6 15 to 24 years _ 20.7 20.6 22.0 19.7 22.2 20.6 21.8 17.3 25 years and over _ 26.2 33.6 29.1 22.2 32.9 27.4 18.3 11.5 Salaries The problem of attracting teachers to areas of new population growth has given great publicity to the question of teachers’ salaries. The suburban citizen moves away from the congested city hoping to find better living conditions, including better schools for his children. Whether this requires that he pay the teachers higher salaries is a problem which many suburban cities face today. According to the current survey, the median salary of suburban city teachers for the school year 1955-56 was $4,785. (See table XIII.) In many cases, suburban school systems have instituted standard salary schedules which they use as guides for establishing their budg¬ ets. The suburban city school systems in the current survey have reported that the median minimum salary scheduled is $3,676 and the median maximum salary scheduled is $5,809. A comparison of the LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 23 scheduled salaries and the actual salaries paid shows that these suburban cities are operating approximately half way between the minimum and maximum scheduled salaries. Table XIII. — Median salaries paid and salaries scheduled for teachers in sub¬ urban city school systems,1 by level of preparation and by region: 1955-56 Level of preparation Total United States Northeast North Central South West 1 2 3 4 5 6 MEDIAN SALARY PAID _ $4, 785 $4, 735 $4, 833 $4, 146 $4, 961 MEDIAN SALARY SCHEDULED All levels of preparation: Minimum _ 3, 676 3, 440 3, 766 3, 288 4,111 Maximum _ _ _ 5,809 5, 774 5, 767 4, 750 6,023 With less than bachelor’s degree: Minimum _ 3,335 3, 253 3, 293 2, 584 3,744 Maximum _ _ _ - 5,076 5, 268 4,681 3, 875 4, 866 With bachelor’s degree: Minimum _ _ 3, 564 3,339 3,699 3,150 3, 854 Maximum _ _ 5,619 5, 567 5,637 4, 563 5, 758 With master’s degree: Minimum _ _ _ 3, 775 3, 497 3, 899 3, 438 4,245 Maximum _ 6,019 5, 965 6,016 5,063 6, 148 With doctor’s degree: Minimum _ 4,134 3,917 4, 250 3, 667 4,594 Maximum _ 6,174 6, 168 6, 193 5, 250 6, 226 1 Based on 407 suburban city school systems reporting salaries paid and 386 systems reporting salary schedules. Among the regions, the West reported the highest average teacher salaries in 1955-56, with a median salary of $4,961. In the South, salaries were much lower, the median salary for teachers in all suburban cities being slightly over $4,000. Of the 92,000 teachers covered in the suburban city school survey, approximately 3 percent were reported to have earned less than $3,250; and 3 percent, over $6,850. Both the minimum and maximum salaries scheduled by suburban cities increased with an increase in the required educational level of the teachers. For all suburban cities reporting, the minimum salary schedule for those teachers entering with less than a bachelor’s degree was $3,335. Most of the cities reporting indicated that they do not hire teachers with less than a bachelor’s degree. They did, however, report a scheduled maximum salary for persons teaching without the bachelor’s degree; $5,076 was the highest such maximum scheduled by any suburban city. As regards maximum teaching salaries, the West again appears to provide the highest median scheduled among the regions. ($6,226 for teachers with a doctor’s degree). 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Indicators of Quality Since the trend toward suburban living has become characteristic of the American scene, questions have been raised as to the adequacy of schools in rapidly growing areas. The average number of dollars spent per pupil indicates a higher level of expenditure for public education in suburban cities. The next logical question is, “What has been added to the program that results in the higher expenditures?” In order to measure the quality of a school system, a case-study type of analysis is required covering an entire cycle of school operation. Ideally, the evaluation of effectiveness of a school system includes obtaining a broad picture of the relative success of its graduates. Recognizing that this type of value study does not fit into the frame¬ work of the Biennial Survey oj Education , other avenues of investiga¬ tion have been explored. Attention has already been given to such factors as kindergartens, class size, and teachers’ salaries. Some useful indications concerning quality may also be gained from a review of the general programs of the school systems, with reference to the recognition given by the system to the pressing problems of the time. This must be done in terms of readily measurable items familiar to educational authorities. Recognizing this problem, the suburban study collected data which showed various ways in which school systems were attempting to improve their quality: providing specialized staff members to handle nonteaching problems, operating special classes for exceptional children, offering secondary science and mathematics courses to meet new demands, conducting adult education classes for a population with increased leisure and interests, training drivers of the future for the safety of all, and generally adapting to current needs and condi¬ tions. Measurement of these items alone may not establish the absolute level of quality for the activities carried on by any one school system, but they do add to the completeness of the suburban school picture being developed. Specialized Staff Members Guidance Workers and School Psychologists The increase in school-age population and the corresponding increase in enrollment have resulted in demands on school systems to provide LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 25 additional services in all areas of education. These areas include, among others, the establishment of guidance programs and psycho¬ logical services, which remove from the classroom those problems which are not part of the normal teaching routine. A guidance program aims at a number of objectives. Primarily, it seeks to uncover a pupil’s strong and weak points in order to help him make the fullest use of his native endowments and educational experiences. A good guidance program assists pupils in making the wisest decisions in the choice of school activities. A well-designed guidance program strengthens the relationship between counselor and teacher and at the same time eases the job of the teacher. The survey of suburban city school systems under discussion in this report showed that 979 full-time and 424 part-time guidance specialists or counselors were on the staff of the school systems. (See table XIV.) This would provide, on the average, one full-time guidance worker for each 932 secondary pupils. Two factors are involved in the evaluation of this figure. First, 424 part-time coun¬ selors are not included; but second, to balance this, the figure for counselors includes a small proportion working in elementary schools. Taking these two factors into account, the figure for the pupil-counselor ratio may be considered relatively sound. Table XIV. — Number of specialized instructional staff members in suburban city school systems: 1955-56 Region by city-size group Number of school systems Guidance specialists or counselors School psychologists Librarians Full-time Part-time Full-time Part-time Full-time Part-time l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 All suburban cities _ 398 979 424 223 87 1, 095 101 Group 1 _ 11 176 26 34 1 164 9 Group II _ ... 135 460 195 103 19 502 37 Group III _ . _ 252 343 203 86 67 429 55 Northeast _ 183 447 111 110 43 378 36 Group 1 _ ... _ 5 39 10 21 Group II _ _ 66 254 43 58 11 179 18 Group III _ 112 154 68 42 32 178 18 North Central _ 128 212 173 47 20 372 33 Group 1 _ _ 2 19 1 3 26 Group ll__ . . . . 45 111 91 28 6 217 15 Group III _ 81 82 81 16 14 129 18 South _ _ 14 49 6 4 1 91 3 Group 1 ___ _ _ _ 1 21 3 33 2 Group II . 4 12 1 1 28 Group III _ 9 16 6 30 1 West _ 73 271 134 62 23 254 29 Group 1. _ _ _ _ 3 97 25 18 1 84 7 Group II _ 20 83 61 16 1 78 4 Group III _ _ _ 50 91 48 28 21 92 18 532939—60 - 3 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 A program closely related to guidance work, and also concerned with the proper adjustment and achievement of the pupil, is that carried on by the school psychologist. The psychologist stresses good mental health habits and the prevention of emotional disturbances and learning difficulties. The accomplishment of these goals contributes to smoother classroom relationships and makes for better teaching practices. There were 223 full-time and 87 part-time school psycholo¬ gists reported in suburban city schools for the 1955-56 school year. Although the number of counselors and psychologists may appear small in relation to the number of pupils and teachers, the number still indicates progress in the expansion of the use of trained non¬ ins tructional personnel in schools. Further study of this area in the future will probably indicate that a greater share of the classroom teacher’s problems should be handled by specialized personnel, thus freeing the teacher for closer work with his pupils. Librarians The present study reveals that suburban city school systems em¬ ployed one full-time librarian for each 1,232 pupils enrolled during the 1955-56 school year. There were 1,196 librarians, of whom almost 92 percent were full-time employees. Figures for the school year 1953-54 which might be considered comparable to these show that 76 percent of librarians employed in city school systems of the same city size worked more than half time.* 6 Although a direct comparison cannot be made because of differences in the time period and coverage, the comparison seems to favor the suburban cities. Ideal standards for the pupil-librarian ratio have been established and set forth in a publication of the U.S. Office of Education.7 These standards indicate that the most desired arrangement would be one full-time librarian to serve from 200-500 pupils. As is the case with many standards, the conditions needed to fulfill them are often not available in actual practice. The ratio reported for suburban city school systems may appear to be considerably below the standard; however, it should be pointed out here that many practicing school librarians are frequently classified and reported as classroom teachers. 8 Table C in Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1952-64, chap. 6, “Statistics of Public- School Libraries— 1953-54”. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957. 73 p. 7 Beust, Nora E. School Library Standards— 1954 (Bulletin 1954, No. 15). Washington: U.S. Govern¬ ment Printing Office, 1954. 43 p. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 27 Offerings Special Classes for Exceptional Children The intensified effort in the past decade to provide special training for exceptional children is reflected in the results of the survey of suburban city school systems. Of the 414 systems replying, over 68 percent provided special classes for mentally retarded children. Generally speaking, the proportion of school systems offering classes for mentally retarded children was higher in the larger cities; and within each city-size group, the proportion increased as the total enrollment increased.8 (See table XV.) Table XY. — Number of suburban city school systems offering special classes for mentally retarded and gifted children , by size of city and total enroll¬ ment: 1955-56 All Number and percent of school systems with special classes for: City-size group and enrollment suburban school systems Mentally retarded Mentally gifted reporting Number Percent of all systems Number Percent of all systems 1 2 3 4 5 6 AIS suburban city school systems _ 414 284 68.6 23 5.6 Group 1 11 11 100.0 1 9. 1 50,000 pupils and over . . _ 1 1 100.0 1 100.0 Under 50,000 pupils 10 10 100.0 Group II _ 139 112 80.6 14 10. 1 15,000 pupils and over _ _ . 10 10 100.0 3 30.0 10,000-14,909 pupils 22 20 90.9 2 9. 1 5,000-9,999 pupils 76 64 84.2 7 9.2 Under 5,000 pupils _ _ _ ... 31 18 58. 1 2 6.5 Group III 264 161 60.8 8 3.0 10,000 pupils and over _____ 7 6 85.7 5,000-9,999 pupils 49 35 70.0 2 4.0 2,500-4,999 pupils 130 90 69.2 4 3.1 1,000-2,499 pupils 70 29 41.4 2 2.9 Under 1,000 pupils _ _ _ 8 1 12.5 Although not all school systems conducted special classes, some systems may have made other types of arrangements. A number of the cities reported that provision had been made by the county superintendents for training all or some of the exceptional children on a county- wide, rather than a city-school-system, basis. •At this time the Office of Education is conducting an extensive survey of education for exceptional children. Data from this survey will provide detailed information for all areas in the country as well as for all phases of this type of education. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Adult Education The responsibility of providing courses for adults has not been overlooked in suburban city school systems. Well over half of all the school systems reporting in the 1955-56 survey offered adult education classes.9 All of the school systems in suburban cities of 100,000 population or more, over 70 percent of the school systems in cities of 25,000 to 100,000, and 46 percent of the school systems in cities of 10,000 to 25,000 offered adult education classes. (See table XVI.) In each region, similar percentages were reported; the proportion of school systems offering adult education classes was lower in the smaller than in the larger suburban cities. The Northeast had the highest proportion of school systems offering adult education courses, the North Central had the second highest, and the South the lowest. Perhaps this fact reflects both the interests of the public in each case and the availability of funds and teachers. Table XVI. — Suburban city school systems offering adult education courses , by city-size group and region: 1955-56 Region by group Total reporting Systems offering adult education courses Number Percent 1 2 3 4 All suburban cities _ .. _ _ _ _ 414 231 55.8 Group 1 _ _ _ 11 11 100.0 Group II _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ 139 99 71.2 Group III _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 121 45.8 Northeast _ 191 116 60.7 Group 1 5 5 100.0 Group II 67 51 76.1 Group III _ _ _ 119 60 50.4 North Central _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 69 53.5 Group 1 ... 2 2 100.0 Group II _ - - _ _ _ _ 46 31 67.4 Group III _ _ _ 81 36 44.4 South 18 7 38.9 Group 1 _ _ _ . _ 1 1 100.0 Group II _ _ . ___ _ _ _ 5 3 60.0 Group III 12 3 25.0 West _ 76 39 51.3 Group 1 _ _ _______ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ 3 3 100.0 Group II _ _ 21 14 66.7 Group III _ _ 52 22 42.3 • The U.S. Office of Education is now in the preparation stage for an extensive survey of public school adult education providing detailed information on type of training and area. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 29 Selected Secondary Courses The current growth of awareness of the importance of science and mathematics has focused public attention on the role of the high school as an agency concerned with the preparation of youth for the atomic age. In order to examine what suburban school systems have been doing along these lines, an inquiry was included in the survey concerning selected curriculum offerings in high school grades. After consultation with educational specialists in both the teaching and administrative areas, a check list of courses of grade levels 9 through 12 was agreed upon for inclusion in the study. These courses were considered indicators of high school curriculum adequacy and represented, for the most part, courses over and above those offered in the minimum curriculum. For the purpose of presentation in this report, 10 key courses were selected from the battery of 33 included in the original questionnaire. The ten courses are, in the main, concerned with science and mathe¬ matics. (See table XVII.) Table XVII. — Percent of suburban city school systems 1 offering selected secondary courses: 1955-56 Selected secondary courses Total Group 1 Group II Group III 1 2 3 4 5 Advanced general science _ _ _ _ 46.2 54.5 49.1 44.1 Chemistry 98.2 100.0 100.0 97.0 Physics _ 97.6 100.0 100.0 96.0 Binlngy 97.3 100.0 100.0 95.5 Intermediate algebra _ _ _ _ _ __ 90.0 100.0 93.1 87.6 Advanced algebra _ _ 82.4 90.9 81.9 82.2 Trigonometry _ 95.1 100.0 95.7 94.6 Solid geometry.. . . . . . 93.3 81.8 95.7 92.6 Electronics 19.8 72.7 26.7 12.9 Aircraft mechanics . . . . 4.6 36.4 6.0 2.0 Driver education _ _ _ 90.9 90.9 97.4 87.1 Percent of all suburban city school systems 1 Based on 329 suburban city school systems reporting enrollment in grades 9-12. Chemistry, physics, and biology were offered in almost all the 329 suburban city school systems with enrollments in grades 9 through 12. Over 97 percent of all the suburban systems reported having enroll¬ ments in each of these three science courses during the school year 1955-56. During the same period, over 90 percent of the suburban city systems reported enrollments in trigonometry, solid geometry, and intermediate algebra courses. About 82 percent of the systems reported enrollments in advanced algebra. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 In the larger suburban cities the three science courses — chemistry, physics, and biology — appeared to be a standard part of the curricu¬ lum, whereas in some of the smaller cities this was not necessarily true. The problem of availability of both funds and qualified instructors may have been more acute in some of the smaller suburban cities. However, almost all the secondary schools in suburban cities are making available to their student body a broad basic program in both science and mathematics. The direct benefit to the country from the teaching of science and mathematics courses is quite obvious to all who concern themselves with the education of the youth of today. There are other courses offered in the school systems which may at first glance appear to be superfluous, but which upon further examination are shown to have considerable merit. High among this latter group is driver education in secondary classes. A recent study of 3,000 young people in Philadelphia showed that the accident rate for those who have not had driver education is three times as great as for those who have had it. Although this is just one study of many, it points up the basic reason for the great interest in this field on the part of safety specialists, as well as of parents and educators. Over 90 percent of the suburban city school systems indicated in the 1955-56 survey that they offered classes in driver training for grades 9-12. Financial Data Sources of Revenue In 1955-56, funds received by suburban city school systems were distributed as follows, according to source: 47.2 percent from local taxation or appropriation; 20.9 percent from the State; 1.7 percent in direct Federal aid; 11.0 percent from county and other sources; and 19.2 percent in nonrevenue receipts, such as the sale of bonds and school property, insurance adjustments, and current loans. (See table XVIII.) Suburban cities of the South showed considerable variation from suburban cities of other regions. The proportion of funds in direct Federal aid and the proportion received from county sources were very much higher for cities of the South than for cities of the other regions. On the other hand, the highest proportion of funds from State sources was received by suburban cities in the West; and cities Table XVIII. — Percent distribution of receipts for suburban city school systems: 1955-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS SUBURBAN CITIES 31 Nonrevenue receipts 10 19.2 18.5 16.9 22.1 14.6 25.1 14.5 19.7 Revenue receipts Other r-«CM CD CO CO CO State in 20.9 00 O in COODOD^J* CM* OD CM CD CD CM* t-H* CM r-H CM r-IrHCMCO Federal 3.0 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.7 14.2 3.0 Total fO oo o oo in t—4 cd ^roDinco «-Icor^ in *3- in o oo oo oor^oooo Total receipts M o o o ooo oooo 0 0*0 CD CD 0*0 ooo oooo City-size group and region tH All'suburban cities City-size group: Group L . Group II . . . . Group III . . . . Region: Northeast . . . . . . North Central . . . . South . . . . . . West . 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 in the Northeast were financed principally from local sources, with 63 percent of their revenues obtained from local taxes and appro¬ priations. Current Expenditures Almost three-fourths of the annual current expenditures in sub¬ urban city school systems consisted of instructional costs, with re¬ gional variations ranging from a low of 71.2 percent in the North Central region to 77.8 percent in the South. (See table XIX.) Among the other five major accounts into which expenditures are subdivided, there was relatively little variation by size-group or region, with the exception of the Operation account, which was sig¬ nificantly lower in the South. This differential may be explained in terms of the generally lower wage scale in this region as well as the reduced cost of heating the school plant. Per-Pupil Expenditures In 1955-56, suburban cities spent an average of $341.80 per pupil, compared with an average annual expenditure of $305.15 for all other cities of comparable size in the United States. (See table XX.) This relationship does not, however, hold true for group I cities, which showed a slightly higher per-pupil expenditure for nonsub¬ urban cities than for suburban cities in the group. It is possible that this variation has resulted from including, in the small number of group I cities, a number of cities with characteristics not neces¬ sarily of a suburban nature. Nevertheless, the persistence of higher per-pupil expenditures for all other groups of suburban cities is significant. Since the data for years before 1955-56 were adjusted in terms of the 1955-56 dollar on the basis of the Consumer Price Index, the trends shown in table XX reflect changes in terms of what are con¬ ventionally termed “constant” dollars. Table XX shows that, in general, the expenditures per pupil of suburban cities increased during each 2-year interval to a greater extent than did the expendi¬ tures of comparable nonsuburban cities. This differential was quite marked for the interval 1953-54 — 1955-56. Table XIX. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance and percent distribution of current expenditures in suburban city school systems , by account: 1955-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS.* SUBURBAN CITIES 33 i Pupils in ADA in junior colleges were included with elementary and secondary school pupils in the calculation of these ratios, since expenditure data for junior colleges cannot be obtained 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table XX. — Comparative changes in average annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance, suburban and other city school systems, by city- size group: 1951-52, 1953-54 , and 1955-56 [Dollar amounts are in terms of 1955-56 purchasing power , computed in accordance with the Consumer Price Index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Inflation factors used are as follows: 1951-52 — 102.24 and 1953-54 — 99.92.] City-size group Amount 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 Amount Percent change from 1951-52 Amount Percent change from 1953-54 1 2 3 4 5 6 All U.S. cities in Groups 1, II, and III . $268. 18 $285. 78 +6.6 $312.71 +9.4 Group 1 _ _ _ _ _ 285. 40 301.91 +5.8 328. 51 +8.8 Group II _ _ _ 260. 68 277. 15 +6.3 305. 49 +10.2 Group III . . 236. 80 259. 50 +9.6 286. 42 +10.4 All suburban cities . . . . . . . . . . 289. 32 310. 97 +7.5 341. 80 +9.9 Group 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277. 40 298. 98 +7.8 325. 44 +8.9 Group II _ _ _ 301. 04 321.56 +6.8 358. 24 +11.4 Group III.. _ _ 270. 46 295. 31 +9.2 327. 49 +10.9 Nonsuburban cities in Groups 1, II, and III _ 264. 09 280. 79 +6.3 305. 15 +8.7 Group 1 _ ... _ _ _ 285. 78 302. 05 +5.7 328. 66 +8.8 Group II _ 237. 97 252. 30 +6.0 275. 11 +9.0 Group III . . . 228. 36 250. 19 +9.6 262. 13 +4.8 National per capita personal income 1 . . 1, 686. 00 1, 787. 00 +6.0 1, 866. 00 +4.4 1 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics. Survey of Current Business. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, August 1956 and August 1959. Page 10 and page 15. Table 1. — Personnel and attendance data for public school systems in suburban cities , by region , State , city-size group , and city: 1955-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 35 Pupils Secondary (including junior high) ADA as percent of enrollment 12 90.7 89.8 90.6 91.0 MWNO | O rt C*> iH O 0) 00 0) | 90.3 88.0 89.9 91.1 89.9 89.8 omrsn-oico to o o o’ o’ oo oo cn cn cn cn oo 90.2 90.2 Average daily attendance 11 822, 945 86, 926 396, 014 340, 005 357, 497 226, 053 39, 503 199, 892 357,497 28, 731 175, 150 153, 616 12, 284 11,595 cno5orsO>N 1 — CD LO OO CD O cncmnn*cMco •H^trHCsIcOrH | 689 689 Enrollment 10 907, 468 96,830 437, 087 373, 551 395, 972 247, 697 44, 035 219, 764 395,972 | 32, 635 194, 723 168, 614 13, 669 12,905 | 1,596 1,447 1,709 3, 083 3, 595 1,475 ** C 9 r* Elementary (including kindergarten) ADA as percent of enrollment cn 88.0 86.0 88.0 88.5 ■H 05 05 O oo r-" oo' oo" 1 00 00 00 00 j 88.1 | 85.8 88.1 88.5 ° cn oo 89.1 | cn oor^cnc\jr^. r^.* in oo cd r^* oo* 00 0)00 00 00 00 87.5 87.5 Average daily attendance 00 1, 537, 216 167, 484 724, 050 645, 632 604, 081 462, 996 79, 537 390,602 604,031 57, 522 326, 342 220, 217 36, 099 34,104 | 6,221 5, 575 6,410 4, 849 5, 665 5,384 1,995 1,995 Enrollment 1, 746, 430 194, 677 822, 388 729, 365 686, 033 526, 905 89,450 444, 042 686,033 | 67, 012 370, 278 248, 743 40, 543 38,262 | cooofsrx^j-o N^HC\jrsO)hs ooocsjin^-o rCLorCirTco co 2,281 OO CM CM Staff Instruction Secondary (including junior high) Other CD 3, 255 h* h* ih in r* m in ** ** cn 1 497 31 218 248 00 CM CVJ CO CD CO r-H iH Region, State, city-size group, and city iH Atl suburban cities _ Group 1 . . . . Group II. ... . .. - - Group III . . Northeast _ _ North Central _ _ _ South. . . . . . West . . . . Northeast . . . . Group 1... - - - Group II . . Group III . . . CONNECTICUT . . Group II _ _ East Hartford (town) . . Hamden (town) _ _ _ _ Manchester (town) _ _ _ Stratford (town). _ _ _ _ West Hartford (town)... . . West Haven (town) _ _ _ Group III _ _ . Naugatuck _ _ _ _ Table 1. — Personnel and attendance data for public school systems in suburban cities , by region , State , city-size group , and city: 1955-56 — Continued 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 37 85.1 90.0 91.9 91.9 92.7 «-h cm* csi -h lo -ct- *-« lo lo co cvi cvi cri cvj o co O Ol CD CD CD CD O') CD CT CD CD O) 00 O) O) CD OO OO OO | 88.3 88.3 87.3 89.5 88.3 ^Lf5LO^fr^r^ooooo^-Of-«co n o' o' n n oo «n co in o o’ to ooooooo>oooooooooor^o>oooo 90.5 87.3 88.3 89.7 87.5 2,296 894 2,454 1,892 18, 926 ootoooooKfir>csicor^.CT>or*^o^LOtocD cvjCNicDoor— «cocx>oor^coLT)ooooor-co O — «OOCDCOOOCMOLOOLOCVJCSI f-Ti-rcsToo^ cvr-r-r-rr^cvTcsr 1,752 884 2,716 1,296 1,490 2, 697 993 2, 671 2, 059 20, 419 OOr^cOCOOOr-HOOCOLOr^-CD^OOO^CSJ r^o^^T^o^tDcococviootvi-ico^inoo cooocolocdc\jooo*»— uorsixr-«^-H egcoegooc7>o>O)O)O)OO0 86.0 CD 00 85.8 84.5 83.2 86.2 inooo^tcvjoooinif)rHO)coc\jrs(r)0^tincvj lor^cdr^inajioaicdocouScoinr^cdLOcdr^ oooooooooooooor^oocDoooooooooooooooooo 3, 605 2, 703 4,425 3,175 35, 129 i-ieMMOO«toorocMrNOOif>»H»HOin ootDinoo^-ooor^vtfOOrooor-tcvi cocoocD^op^NCVHDcoinoooroM csT cnTcnT «-T cvT *-T cvT csT *-T*-r c\T eg co *-T .-T csT 209,472 31,629 10, 928 6,538 14, 163 106, 020 !OOOlOOOOO0Cn^^NOOOOUO0»Hin*HN oocDOO^cocvjoococoeg— •comogr-^^^roo r^r>.LO»— •LOLOLOOOC7>OOr-HCDLOOO^-CSJr-HO«-< irTco crTco lo csTcnT^^co Kf cocnTco csToo'^dr^irir> 3,996 3, 001 4, 887 3, 503 38, 025 CVJtOCJ>OOCMCOCO^H— s cor^cvj-HCO'-HOOO^oor^mr^roo'cj-oo cvT csTcnTcvTcnT cnT csTcsTr-T —T eg eg co eg —T cvT 243,479 | 37,503 12, 731 7, 741 17, 031 123, 037 ^HOtocvj(T>cmn^o rHO)|sO)OOOCOMOOlOOOOO^SOir)N^ r^.cNjoo>Loooa>Lor^.i^r^c\40^M^oooococr> cxT^^cococsTcNru^io^co^ ^ crT^r' csToo'^j-'' ^ lo MOOO 88 mooir>r^r^ooir>^tco»-*i^ocsj^-o>co 426 78 S300 00 CO rH csjcoooocoiotorsioioNPoco oocomtNiH 124 63 118 115 914 »— <^-r-HC£)P^OCOCSJCDr^^3-ntOCT>CD^f (D^cotorNoo^r^^tcor^r^inm^u) 5,511 811 276 294 241 2,607 ^•LOcvjco^-oococoroc\jco^-cT> ^-LOlOOOLOCSJCOCDr^OOCOr-j 2°°22 132 r^r".r^oocnesjr^co^c£>co^a>cooo 609 106 21 40 45 311 ir>csjococor^«S‘r^^}-ootor^onovDOioooi^J 2222 1, 396 000»— «COCDr-—*a-r^cr>.-*»-«r^LOco 9,093 00 CO M §§§ 4, 769 in^-^ooo-tco'tinooooLo^oo^coooco rHrxrNOoioOrHcooomoMC^HN'H^cxjNoo CO^r-WCVICSJr-H^CMCgf-J^-H^r-H^r-l— CSJ 21 CSJf-lr-lCNJ—t-^CVJCMr^r-lCMr^— IrHrHrH 8 3 MOOCT) 1 £ OOCNJCNj^-OOCMCNJCNjOO-HCSICNJOOr-HKfCNJCM^HCM & ii 1 iiffliiij a i hi Mil 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 39 c\iLr>coooooCT>cnr'-.cD^HOOtooo'*room.-ooCT>»-icT>*-'OcnCT> || oo ssssssisgsgssssgssogsjoisssgsssisss g 88.3 88.3 89.3 89.2 87.8 90.1 90.0 88.3 ; i 90.6 89.1 llIl2ss§2sSslgilIgsssslslBs2 k _-w _r cT -r ~ ~~~ g 8,336 8, 336 24,042 1,490 1,704 4,130 3, 501 6, 443 3, 691 3, 083 l3islSIS§3§llIs§Slislais§”2“ -T _T«- cvTi-T -hVhWT ^cm'-T 77,046 9,444 9, 444 26,918 1,671 1,940 4, 586 3,891 7,297 || incsjcoooom»— «^j-oa^ooc\joocr>r^ooo^r^tDCT>cor^.cDcoLncsj 87.0 86.6 86.6 87.4 O OO CO .-H C\J CD 00 uo oo oom oom 00 moo’ 1 5SS8giS18S38gS8SS5Eg8S83SI88 « ■_Tm‘c«4 csT<-r Mi-Tr-Tf-T esTcsTr-r m-r 95,775 12, 162 12, 162 38,605 2, 445 2,713 6, 087 5,016 10, 031 4,405 1,442 2,236 1 51ial§£glSsRSSsl|g|ISK5llSll •— T «— T c\T csT cm ■— T rHMH •— T co' cm c\T *-+ erf •— « cv? «— T c\T »—«»“■*•—« cm *—< »— T co *—T 110,132 14, 045 14, 045 3 3 sSggg §§g N«Vin%H ioVhVT ! CM^rOOCO^-CO^-CMCDCVJCOCVJCMCOCOOOr-iOOCMCOCNCOf-HtDr-iOOCnLO Si co 43 43 ft mevj^csjcg a® 3,418 s 1 3 rH ss co^-^-tomr^csjtor^^-^-^-csjr^cocorotD^cD^fcsjcor^coLOi-it-i 8 31 31 3 a’’1. a 1 fcS3g|S?gSKE3SSg£$3Cs3£g83!SEgS£S 4,232 | 3 3 1,707 OONNN P^NO CD t^CSJC\J^2C\JCn^rC\JLOr-HC\lCsl»~«C\|CNJr-(^-CNIC\|t-*inrHNO)ooinNoieinis Average daily attendance 36, 781 699 2,212 s SS|ssll llsS a Sk § a ! Enrollment o 40, 684 792 2, 452 liSiSlllasSssllsIS 50 CVJ *-H UO T—i »— 1 *— « r—l CM *-H r- H r-T *— T r- T*— Tr— I Elementary (including kindergarten) ADA as percent of enrollment 05 86.7 85.1 89.4 86.3 iinNOOcooocnoooointD^ocMin^t ! S 0§ TO* S S TO OO o5 S OO* 0§ OO* 05 oo* o§ oo* OcJ ' Average daily attendance 00 45, 008 968 3,157 1,407 ilssllsSsl§SSa2|ss j cmVT ooW—ViVioo Enrollment r* 51, 933 1,138 3, 532 1, 631 issillSslsSlISSlaS jw^ofcvresfesrevrcoW^W^W^^evr i Staff Instruction Secondary (including junior high) Other (0 CM rH l in co i < i i S S ” 2 10 “» 2 2 10 00 00 °° 3 * 05 « Classroom teachers in 1,695 C\| CO H T-H O <1 1 Elementary (including kindergarten) Other r* CO iTOTO^^O^^S^00®^^^^00^ i Classroom teachers 2,081 64 144 64 Adminis¬ tration CM 5 CVJ 05 — • CM »-4 CM — « CO CO CM CM CSJ t-4 ^ CM CO OO -m Region, State, city-size group, and city iH NEW YORK— Continued Group III _ Cohoes . Endicott . . . Floral Park: Elementary District... . . . . mgn scnooi uistrict _ _ _ Freeport... . Johnson City . . . . . . . Kenmore . . . Long Beach . . . . Lynbrook . . . . . . Mamaroneck . . Mineola . . . North Tonawanda . Ossining... . . Peekskill. . . . . Port Chester . . . Rensselaer Rockville Center . Scarsdafe . Tonawanda _ _ _ Watervliet . . . PENNSYLVANIA. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 41 si 92.2 i^a>inp-HOOiocooo-Hr^oo> CO 00 •— « CO IT) CVJ *-4 O O «-H oo in CT)00O0J0)CD0>0)0)0)C0Q 92.5 in»HCOOCOCOOOOOOMCON05 0^C7>00»HOo>o^r*-HCsjr^OLOKtcNja> csT *-fi oo~ c\T erf oo~ csT c\T c\T erf *-f t-T CO 00 o in SssilssslglSSsISSsISslaSsISsSSIlgs « r-TcsT r-r oTcm-cvT ^^vr.-.vr _r 87,969 | o ro co cocnoor^aiCM^co^fmcsioo cocr>^t«cf^csia>CMoor^oco hs»HcococoiooiCMrsrx^-o cNTcNrco'cvTcrrco csT cNToTcrTt-T c\T 00 o in SliSElisglaalsBllllSsIgSlISssIssIs *— T CsTcnT iH CNJ CNI CNJ rH*Hi-4CM»H r—i t— • f-H IHiH iH CO 8 to 00 CO ino>ooo>o*CNjc\4r^inincvip-« cvi in ay oo* —I cx> oo* to r-* ^ o') co oo oo o*> oo oo oo oo oo oo oy 00 ay 00 inoiinoor^f-HCsjooooooocvjcsjr-^coino^CNjCNjcocotocvir-H^faiO^i-cMcocococnoo §ggSSS^SSSS5S§§8SSiS§§8§8g§S?'gS?SiSio;s3SSiSS;g§SiSg 89 1 ‘66 41,325 nfoocsjcoto^*cococMr^.»-*co r^coLo^uoooLo^rcocvjcoco o>comcsjCT>cy>cr>oooioc\ico co' csf incrf erf ^csTf-T cvficf csTcnT CO 1 ro 1 00 rC in lllSIslIISIlllssSSlISlsslsssIsaiSI »— T CO*»-h' rH *-H CNJrHiHi-H iH pH iH iH rH i-l pH CM IHpHiHpH 680 ‘III iH ■«* to CO oo»—«oinio»— •coinmcMcocvj cnNcorHoromooocnoo MOrHiocoimniH^Mom^ *^r CO s CO CO co CO H rt CM rj* CD OOO) CD OO S& coo coc 8SS Si 111 cocmcsT II Si 0> CO *“< CD CO LO CD C\J CO CM l<7> m IO) £5§ SS S S S SSSSS § S3 S is ssssss? SSS? S3 I si ss cnT~ 1 s CO s sISil .-r.-r I I * cnT ~ -T Iasi ifTcJ'co'csT *-*'csT il I §1 ~~ CNT il I 3 S Silas -r -r si- CO" csT -H- crT "d" ■>d csT SR cm'cnT 2^ 00 Is IS? 8$ 3S8S5 38 : i LO CO I 1-H l :s :82s s Sco 00 I °M ! £ $ IC5 £ jS a BSS« S 2£ WrH w—* CM CVJr-HCSJ CM — • CO ^ CO •— t ^CsJrHrHrHrH r-M f-M ^ lO UO CM -ss h i : 22 22 Tii 55 11 11! 11 ill" in 2££ | SS odood mu &£?&&& i m i| ! i it i ill if Table 1. — Personnel and attendance data for public school systems in suburban cities , by region, State, city-size group, and city: 1 955-56 — Continued 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Staff Pupils Secondary (including junior high) ADA as percent of enrollment CM H 89.3 87.0 o 00 94.3 94.3 86.2 86.2 86.2 91.8 91.4 Of-iOf-na-ino-HO S&SS&Sig&iii Average daily attendance a 3, 105 2, 068 2, 068 1, 037 1,037 7, 406 7,406 7, 406 54, 855 33,093 ssSslIsss Enrollment 3,477 2, 377 2,377 o o O o 8, 596 8, 596 8, 596 59, 753 36, 194 sislaaass oWcrfHVHMVrf Elementary (including kindergarten) ADA as percent of enrollment o oo o o oo 83.8 OO oo CO 88.5 88.5 85.9 85.9 85.9 0 '06 0*06 incMoo^a-oomcococD gs&gSfe *5S& Average daily attendance 00 9, 232 7,409 7, 409 1,823 1,823 13, 998 13, 998 13, 998 106, 475 57,637 ISISIslss Enrollment 10, 402 8, 342 8,342 2,060 2,060 16, 297 16, 297 16, 297 118, 287 2 o s IllSIssal Instruction Secondary (including junior high) Other <0 OO m m CO co CM s 1 ° CM CO 00 (0 ^CMCDCOCMCMCCCO^- Classroom teachers U) to 0> CO CD <0 CO CO CM to £ CM 2, 706 1,707 Elementary (including kindergarten) Other CO 04 00 oo if) in CO to CO in o CO o 00 H CO^^-CDCOCMr^LOCD CO r-« CM Classroom teachers to o CO r^csi^rto cocm— «r^m i i 1 111 i 1 II !S> Table 1. — Personnel and attendance data for public school systems in suburban cities , by region , State , city-size group , and city: 1955-56— Continued 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Pupils Secondary (including junior high) ADA as percent of enrollment a 92.0 95.3 95.0 97.9 98.9 c $ => C i % 84.9 o i r si 85.2 CM a Average daily attendance a 9 5 865 4, 694 1,585 1,937 1 c :e i i % \ o 1, ouz 739 1 i! csT j* § -r evT ll |<0 Enrollment s 73,623 908 4, 941 1,619 1,959 | O C o c 2S 50 OO 161 _‘Z _ 3 -r ! IS ! cv7 U U3 Elementary (including kindergarten) ADA as percent of enrollment 89.7 96.1 89.4 sooon in asssi s 92.8 74.5 75.4 87.6 95.4 1 1 0 i §§ is O CM ! i s i Average daily attendance 00 171, 697 1,539 6,744 2,291 5, 269 3, 249 2, 373 6, 650 3, 391 si£§ S -Twco s I CO * i i a-' rC Enrollment 191, 208 1,602 7, 543 2.419 5, 500 3.419 2, 561 8, 261 3,654 2,593 4, 966 3,814 4, 940 i ■ rC * : a * oo Staff Instruction Secondary (including junior high) Other to $ CO co too | is 3 ' 'O -H CO < Nl cn 2 Classroom teachers in s 3 SEES ! S 1 gS III 5 LLZ Elementary (including kindergarten) Other a 5 26 8 13 11 21 21 o> 5 11 16 16 ! c 3 a Classroom teachers M § «r 61 216 SSoS £ *-« — < CM 74 135 133 171 a i 260 Adminis¬ tration CM 5 CM OO OO CM LO CO CM CO UO CM m CM »— < CM*-* CO CM IOC*. Region, State, city-size group, and city H CALIFORNIA— Continued Group III . . Albanv _ Anahe'im: Elementarv District _ j I Arcadia _ i i 1 ! i ! ! | i i Chula Vista: Elementary District _ mgn ocnooi uisirici _ _ . Colton : Elementary District _ _ _ mgn ocnooi uisirici _ Coronado . . . . . . II Daly City: Elementary District _ \ |l| bu High School District _ Hayward: Elementary District _ _ High School District _ _ _ LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 53 Table 2. — Current expenditures for public school systems in suburban cities, by region. State, city -size group, and city: 1955-56 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Fixed charges 10 CD CM CO ID CO a ** © CM O rl H OHN OO 00* © CM © ^ Mflin CM* © © lH 12, 546, 934 4, 839, 831 340, 387 5, 139, 674 12, 546, 934 877,149 5, 919, 048 5,750,737 oo 1 CO 155, 812 19, 920 18, 947 18, 434 15, 296 71,329 11,886 28,775 28, 775 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Other school services o> $40,132, 281 3,311, 520 19, 291, 692 17, 529,069 15,185,333 13, 146, 249 1, 056, 334 10,744,365 15, 185, 333 1, 017, 035 8, 007, 855 6, 160, 443 876, 530 © fH H OO CDCONOOrHK cd in oo co cd o o*-«r^cocMr^ oo* »-«* o* T oo* — T CD CD OO CD OO CD CM «— • 65, 128 65,128 45,624 45,624 20, 580 25, 044 Maintenance of the physical plant CO $37, 366,438 4, 610, 272 19,608,987 13, 147, 179 16, 737, 653 10, 829, 945 1,433,121 8, 365, 719 16,737,653 1, 992, 823 8, 870, 518 5, 874, 312 618, 230 600, 149 65, 067 152, 388 65,715 85, 839 187,116 44, 024 18,031 OO o 00* 40,167 40, 167 26, 760 13, 407 Operation of the physical plant r* $92, 599, 707 9, 531, 775 46, 557, 870 36, 510, 062 37, 110, 690 29,973,972 3, 108, 510 22,406, 535 37, 110, 690 3,155,070 19, 961, 884 13,993,736 1, 600, 433 1, 513, 184 259, 679 206, 334 254, 445 206, 570 436, 548 149, 608 87,249 87, 249 139,592 139, 592 121,595 17, 997 Instruction Supplies and other expenses CO $34, 088, 541 2, 922, 393 16, 744, 967 14, 421, 181 13, 972, 062 8, 701, 711 932, 877 10,481, 891 13, 972, 062 812, 082 7, 161, 183 5, 998, 797 644, 078 614, 946 CDNMrsN«t to co oo oo oo in co cm co' co* oo* —•* ■ct* ST cd cd cm cd in 29, 132 29, 132 73,317 73,317 39,944 33,373 Salaries and wages m $560, 716, 600 62, 653, 259 278, 937, 158 219, 126, 183 235, 148, 761 159, 215, 595 23, 953, 520 142, 398, 724 235, 148, 761 22,651,077 125,394,154 87, 103, 530 10, 219, 639 9,679, 215 1, 438, 352 1,403,210 1, 547, 205 1, 509, 709 2, 482, 240 1, 298, 499 540,424 540, 424 1, 098, 837 1, 098, 837 721, 009 377, 828 Total $594,805,141 65, 575,652 295, 682, 125 233, 547, 364 249, 120, 823 167, 917, 306 24, 886, 397 152, 880, 615 | 249, 120, 823 23, 463, 159 132, 555, 337 93, 102, 327 10, 863, 717 10, 294, 161 1, 534, 521 1, 500, 047 1, 626, 047 1,631,226 2, 646, 577 1, 355, 743 569,556 569,556 1 1,172,154 1, 172, 154 760,953 411,201 Administration $29,471,274 2, 864, 988 13, 414, 556 13,191,730 11, 030, 304 8, 990, 897 1, 153, 618 8, 296, 455 1 11, 030, 304 911,696 5, 318, 535 4, 800, 073 317,813 295, 866 O C\J h". ^ CM CO — « CD CM CD oo cor- i*3-»— icni or^.cocooomo*— • oo in co •— icsiooooo*— • oocNjcNjoocNi^eococooor^cocDCNi*— «r^^a-inco o”rCco”ofirv rf” inooo”^” rCo cnTctTco — T^co o” ^j-^finoocNimr^oor^ooo^inco^j-r^r^^rr^o 893,167 OO CD CD *-« — 1 OO ^ OO CO CO CO CNJ —1 —• CC 1 CNJ^COCNIOCDCOCDCNICNJ^J'^OOOCOCNI coo^oom^oocoincocorNNcooo *3-”cd” 0” in” co” *— ” co” c\j” rC 0* 00 of co” r^CNi^-^-inin^rcocNiCNjinr^co^H*tcofNcoiOfsincM^rN m cnj 00 cd 1 o> CO O OO CD O CNI CNJ CO CNJ CNI OO — • 1 00” 0” r*.” of co” in” 00” cnj" cni” co” co” in” in” 00” of 1 ___Or— .r"»0>00«— ICOCDCNICOCNJ— <1^.0 j CO CNJ CD o m cnT 195,060 j 101,461 93, 599 1,624,113 | i — CNjcDininincNjcoinocDOinooininoocor^ oor-icMinrsinoocoo^NrHa^NO^o^^ cdcdoocnioo^— icoooinr^oor^—^r^aDCNjcDCD r^TcTcNj^cNj*' ooVo c o” ^ «— T rCr^TcrT*— T oo” oo” cnT in' in' rC cDr^incocNiocar^cocoi — in^-» 00 cni *53* cni 00 r>» co in *— « 00 O) 0 ^ m 00 cnj *3- 00 cnj < co 1 imn^i-CDOOCNlCOCNiCOOJO*— iCOr-HCDO 1 o”^-”cNj”co”^”co”o>”cNrcNrrCr^.”co”cNrcfcNfco* 1 co co • co ^-1 cni co m 0 m co co cni 46,449,694 | 5,414,192 2, 876, 558 2, 537, 634 29, 932, 753 1, 269, 516 976, 785 1, 026, 074 1, 829, 687 1, 044, 406 1,410, 547 1, 384, 958 1,173,155 2,877,461 1,835, 668 1, 987, 840 978, 176 3,515, 288 742, 983 2, 901,181 1, 302, 846 949, 940 1, 542, 551 1, 183, 691 11,102,749 • co 0 00 cd 00 in 0 co co 0 cnj in o^cnoM-inoococoom^^ooN or-^^ooininr^cDCDincocDoocNicNi.— < 1 00” cni” co” 0” of in” co” co” co” 0” of in” 0” cnT in” co in cni co co oi co 0 co co co co cni r*^ lOiDinNooiorNco^inNorsoocoiD co in CD CO 5,609,252 2, 978, 019 2, 631,233 31, 556, 866 1, 367, 503 1, 047, 697 1, 078, 903 1, 991, 942 1,073, 281 1,517, 002 1,451,150 1,247,758 3, 009, 296 1,903,168 2, 065, 589 1,035, 046 3, 727, 003 771,181 3, 039, 956 1, 335, 651 985, 188 1, 648, 244 1, 261, 308 11,788,499 708, 546 697, 256 568, 935 774, 777 904, 356 647,801 835, 148 646, 133 429, 265 611,483 787,837 1, 145, 779 787, 658 890, 321 654, 950 698, 254 1 OZO‘OIS‘1 1 193, 500 122, 964 70, 536 933, 581 1 iD^t'tfs^Hcnfscois^Ho^ooootD^^aswin co^cNicocD«cj-oopocNj.~iooo.-<*3' cnj 1 0 0 co co co co cnj co co 0 cd co cnj 0 cnj r-i co cd in 00 co cni 0 co cd 00 m” rCcTof rsViC (j>V cni” 0” cd” co” 00” of CNI CNI r— 1 CO CO *—* «-H f— 1 r— ( f-H CO ^ CNI *— I •— i CNI CO CO CO 7,150 3, 752 3, 397 1 41, 091 r^CNir>.*— ioococnioo*— »coco«— uoocni ^(DOOO^-i^^ininco^tooooofocnmN r^co^-cocoocDcoocNjtococncDCDCDcooin 15, 634 ^ON^-OOiniftOCVJOCDONOOO r^o^-CNiinocDinp^inr^cooocor^cNi cDCDr^ocNi §§ IIS 3 m 9 ji sSSlillSSIfts-slSSSIsilSgil sSs¥gs^Ms§sssS¥^s¥s§¥§ = £ Q> .8& -r CD Sis 2 cl” s‘ slssSssllisIlslsSllscSSlai gKsStf^aiftsEs^S^aglifs'g^ 5 £ cv *o sss SW WCoV llsSSlIisSIlSsslssSlisassI mmmmmimmmM eJ^r^cJeJ i-T. SS” SlllSSIISgggISSaSSIssSaslI “¥S!SlSl§sg§”¥s¥¥s¥3l¥al¥i oT^cJc^cnT — %^r~~cvTr-r sss? 82*8 S8i§Ss3SaS88S83BSB88§SSa33 IS- 3 u> in to o' §i§§3S8igS3S3S§§38Sie3S5§§3 llllllllllll LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 3 jgS«fiB3SaSsS!j§g8SSSB88S5SgSS88g2iSgS(8S8SSS|| 13 6 a s' a in S' S B SsssisslSSslSSlSlSsSssKlsSSSlsSslIISSlsISf § a in CM S' * i CO s' r^T glsSIISsSsSiSasSlSsSSlIilSIsllssIslllBssI g s S i oT CO r— csT S' § 8 slSSIiss5gsSsSs?salilsi§sSllftsS§21SiIlSgg Is s s t 2 Sfs S g S g S gK 2 g g 2 S3 32* SggS 5 S S gS g s* SSS3 g crT ° s 1 a |glslsSlKlSSI§sls§iSs=SaSSlsSSSsSI»S§2SSs i a 3 i * § co~ s oo R l-sSssSIlglilallsIigslsISIaRlslIISSilsass I s sf i g tf s' J5 «%h* —T «- k u>* in 8 ssl”II“SSlIlsS=IsllSSs8ssSSKKS§§S”lsSgIs3| i 1 S llsslsilll^ s' 3 i 8 ~vr r-r « ~ s irt* in S IlllgSsISssIssalsilgssSsSssssIsSIliSSsasi s a a S' Ti o eg 3 S SSsSgssISIlssKislSsSsassllRgSgsSgallaslSS la a a gf -f -r ^vr «VhV? ~~ « c^r -r « rC 532939—60 - 5 Table 2. — Current expenditures for public school systems in suburban cities , by region , State, city-size group, and city: 1955-56 — Continued 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Fixed charges S $2, 488, 274 sissls iiisSE SSSKg SKSjjfS 2,970,804 62, 519 176, 067 61,227 302, 432 183, 726 !ss •IISsISsSls §S !s2¥s’sSs"s'“'S r r ii $1, 035, 420 121, 043 58, 668 120, 542 61,002 201, 096 143, 025 51, 183 23, 160 139, 743 IK Q5fl 1,880,669 la sSISII§S§SISaslss li 2: ; 00 $1, 318,121 74, 052 77, 748 182, 433 292, 346 351, 027 17, 575 11,287 41,892 45, 139 R99 1,270,083 §5 SISISasSiillSSIIS Operation of the physiacl plant $2,908,462 248, 442 183, 234 441,486 410,117 725, 655 123, 804 60, 066 71,041 210, 903 4T? 714 • f S' iS IlsilllSIlsIsIsSss s's‘ Supplies and other expenses CO $995,210 IssIS ISSsi ssgga sfc’gs's 1,981,260 ss gsssgi&sgsjgsgsgga Instruction Salaries and wages m $18, 684, 986 1, 152, 386 1, 075, 532 3, 209, 451 2, 750, 296 4, 498, 324 993, 281 377, 037 477, 998 1,644,326 9 50fi 355 23, 233, 146 376, 983 1, 422, 440 372, 055 2, 354, 609 1,278,152 953, 027 3,016,367 1, 268, 699 953, 027 1,438, 500 1, 256, 703 1,101,060 824, 466 712, 697 1,132,859 340, 063 1, 358, 166 614, 734 1, 331, 009 I »- $19, 680, 196 1,190,421 1, 136,879 3,391,680 2, 926, 876 4, 654, 801 1, 061, 885 388, 195 498, 423 1,777,627 ? 653 4nq 25, 214, 406 400, 748 1, 519, 087 392, 530 3, 087, 541 1,341,344 1,009, 354 3, 162,348 1, 376, 769 1,009, 354 1,539,617 1, 378, 766 1, 160,421 900, 978 743, 628 1,191,257 361,241 1,414, 559 658, 066 1,400,396 Administration - $759, 370 sissi IssSS sas'sa s'sfsfss 1,080,664 S§ lallg|ll§ISI§lls3 33 g’ss’asssssasVsasss Total i (in thou¬ sands) CM $28, 190 liiSss IsSss »— «•— •— T cnTco 35, 824 SB 5=l2ssSIIS=lSs§ls cnT airs0ooo^-H loocoooomo^N ir)rsO0O0«tcvj 1 CO CO CO CM CO CO 1X3 CO cMO^inooeoinomoNN oooococd.— o>r^a>r*«.coiD irf co co r-f—f oo co ocTcm* co* cvT oo OOO^r^M'M'CgM-lOCMCM cooinco^^inm^ino’ ID O O CD CM O") CM CM •— « CM ID C . . , moo^cncoma^r^m^co — oomcor joo^os^ino) ocMcoioooooo>r^cnoor^r^ CMOrOCD^^^TvCOLnCVUO oor^oo^mioo^^rtD^o cm — « O co — « r- o - joanncvKDaio^^-o^iDoifi'H-H csir-sincsjcsKOM-fooc^oo^rm- > ld o oo o ^ — nfinrv^oocsi ■ »— < id »-m CO O') O') — « CDtDOCOO)NC\JO)lftCMin« CM —• CM CM CO CM CM — < — 1 CM — * CM o^ococnnrsoooocDoooov ro^cDOmcMCnr^-cD— 'cocsjcMr^c LO LD OO O) O O O OO CM CO CO I — OO — * ( I *3- CO CD OO CO O CO C ,MMO^incMO)oooco CM^CMOOCMM,a)DinOCVJcnO)OCOCOin' OCOO)(DrHO)'tOOCvJODimnMON^HC ooocoooiooooo^t^to •cooocD^OicocDtncoooo) ininocoNOnr cn^d-cooor^cM- ooooocvj-HrHin^ > CD r^. CM CD u - CD — < ID CO CD r - - _ _ _ O’tfffl^-MinoOMO^NDOOO'- lOOlHCDin cor^^h»coco<-ir)MO)ioa)rvrxiMa)iooooo' .locorMcvjmcoooai'S’fHrMiOfHoocMiocomcDCMOOco* — ‘ ■isomcoo ■0)ir)CMi^*-KMNCooocDrv lONDCMinoo^oomD -ocd— ^j-mr^coLDco^3-cDco OCDCDCDCMOOCOCOCDCMr^CO 0^__0— 'COCMCMCMCDLOCD*^- mNO^ooioocooooom fn«-icMOrsrvrHa)ONoo^ooofOrscoDOOfOD^rs(o- > CO OO CM — < CO CM C jcomo'Hr^o^-iooocoooooincDooo) - ~ CD cD CM CD CM D) O) OO I — OOOO^OO _ _ __ _ _ _ ZirfcoVfi^rO^"^"— fcvfofccfcrfcffi^T DOcDOoomrxrsinMinoNCM^inioooinDfomMrsocMinD LT)coa^r^cMcDcococococMa)oococMcoco^3-coLD^rLor^^rLn^3-cDcDco oo co ooof i-H^in^fHCDOCMIM^OCD CDCMOCOLOCDCDCOO— *-«com*-H __ _ DOOO)ODfHOOONCDCMO)CMCMCOCD»H ^ - rHO)OCO‘‘ - “ > — * O) c 1CMOX ' CM CD • ID CO OO — « CO CO cforfofcMof oo"co* _ _ cd— »m*3*cococococM— «cn«rcococo oocoor^ — «co«^-cn _ co co oo O) o cd m^i^^o^ooioDinoocMO) • O) CM — * O) — • CD ^ O) LO cm" — <" cm" — <" co" cm" — <" — f —f co" — T Or- O e*-» 1 = ■a a? o c o“uS2m5boQ £?-° ~ .E- r a? 0) J • — CD-C- — •— O’ Q) > ^ ^ ^ k- Q- z£ -Q — -£= 03 S « o 0^2 — «OUSEZZ«^ •O C $ S3 — TO g:= “'““5 ° 2 CL. EE- ® 0'S a) o ? §g® E^-g 0 0 3 3 = ICQCQCQCQCQQUOOUOOQQQQQuJOIZIn^- See footnotes at end of tablet Table 2. — Current expenditures for public school systems in suburban cities , by region , State , city-size groupf and city: 1955—56— Continued 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 61 3 sis S |s o Is S3 §S SS is I8S 51 SI 33 S3 ! 53S £s s 3‘S‘S g 3 S sss rs. *3- — * CM ~«f S3 3" ss'sf ss as' 3^ SS S' 222 of-T efrf Lh- 1 S3S g s o ss SI si sill 8Ss si IS si S2 E 511 IS $ Si'S § i 8“ SR sfs ~'la’S 22| S3 ss S3 23 2 ssfgf cnTctT 3 «r« (N -h CO CT> is £~ s§§5 i§5 1= Is is 8i S Isa II e Sis’ £ i sf ss S3 rC«*T — « CM sIsS 3RSf CM SS CO^H ii 9 a-S is i m I S t— T o s's' stf 32 83R8 SS 3S 35 1 sssf sfsf » CO * s ssS o 3 i S3 11 526 697 SS88 15s ON SS 2S II 82 a Ssl 147 155 3 -r s of l-TV-T ~ViWW cmVToT ~-T a Table 2. — Current expenditures for public school systems in suburban cities, by region. State, city-size group, and city: 1955-56— Continued 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 c/5 a> CM cr> a> CO 1 CM co i in 05 1 — « 05 CM ' oo oo — * CM O O 0005 cor^in in 05 CO in 05 ills! 53 !Si a hi CT3 JS a "a a> X 10 5- o"cvT CM CM oo"cM"crT 2S s's's'-'-' jassf s issr iZ i oo a> — « CSI C\l mrx^t ooo ss 05 *3" -H 05 oo 05 CM CO CM CM CM in *3- ^ 05 ilsKR si ass Sssl s IS cT a> rCin *-«r^oo •— T irT CM co coofcsT *3* coco csTixf oo m as's'ssf wo ass' s'ssa 5 s o o CO CO cvir^co O— «0 05 05 05 oo O 05 co in -H05 05 coco in r^in CM — < — ' co sassi 11 ial 1 of the phy: plant eo r*T csi fee- CO OCVJ •*5* CSJ coVf 00 CM cT 05 csT rCoT pojriVJ'oiW' SSf ^-■'oooj' SSCiS *5 cz O o in CO CO CO *— * LO CO omo f-M co co in rococo in 05 co CM CO CM in —• in in m Rslsa as Sis 1 1 o the physi plant h- cT fee- OCOPs -•(OO o"cm" CM 05 rCcocrf oo in co ooVC r^m sssss? as CM ssa £323 C/5 T3 co to *— tcoi^ CO — i •-« 876, 485 iasSasssSaa sSs ssaass'g'sasg ass Salaries and wages LO $3, 330, 137 3,330,137 3, 330, 137 40, 865, 263 25, 930, 742 7, 276, 928 1, 703, 307 2,514, 042 1,123,772 2, 308, 997 1,921,525 4,016,756 3, 207, 025 1, 858, 390 14, 934, 521 1,091,118 1, 375, 399 1, 808, 851 1, 527, 464 534, 176 981.870 1,409,138 679, 477 1, 139, 148 982, 585 1, 399, 896 628, 598 729, 930 646. 871 Total •ff $3, 402, 539 3,402,539 3, 402, 539 43, 208, 308 27, 397, 302 7, 600, 252 1, 798, 029 2, 683,147 1,195,804 2, 469, 838 1,987, 925 4, 236, 331 3, 388, 178 2, 037, 798 15, 811, 006 1, 146, 087 1, 463, 335 1,821,509 1, 622, 205 574, 308 1,044,515 1, 479, 333 716,015 1,211,769 1, 056, 855 1, 502, 034 688, 226 783, 047 701, 768 Administration ro $129, 309 129,309 129, 309 2, 095, 254 1,056,350 191,778 76, 137 131,928 123,431 89, 563 69, 434 117,714 135, 460 120, 905 1, 038, 904 IsIssalssSa ssi SSS'pfSSSSSS'iS s’s's Total i (in thou¬ sands) M $4, 574 4,574 4,574 57,913 36, 532 1 9, 921 2,433 3, 590 1,897 3,172 2, 559 5, 607 4,311 3, 042 21, 382 ISsll -T-r ~~~ ~ Region, State, city-size group, and city iH KANSAS _ Group 6 - - - Kansas City 3.-- . . . - _ MICHIGAN _ _ 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 a 3 © a Dearborn 3 _ _ _ _ Ferndale _ _ _ _ Grosse Pointe - - - - Hamtramck _ Highland Park 3 _ _ _ _ Lincoln Park.. _ Pontiac _ Royal Oak _ Wyandotte _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 3 O la 0 i i i : i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■S if sp- o> CM CM 00 m *— 1 CM — I CDLOOLn— <0*3-CDLO*3-(OCM oo OO O CM O CM CD in OO CM oo I'-T rC cd" oo" — T cm" co" *3-" co" oo co — i — • oo lo oo oo nj- co in o — < r-H r— ( t— « *— 1 CO — • CO CM OG CD S ID 24,419 44, 173 19, 077 53, 104 LO m in in CM 1,255,575 ioo) in «— i OO CD O CM CD CO CO CD LO CO of cm colo-h" NOOOCMlD CO CM —* CM CM 1, 665, 420 466,326 153, 836 312, 490 1,199,094 cm o co oo cm in oi m CD— «CDCO— CM co 1, 731, 923 | 1, 264, 049 | cocorvooo)M’incM cm cd" cd" *3-" — " co" co" ^ cd" co" o ^j-"co" M-corHininc^ooin^ocDCM CM — « — * 1 439, 288 16,115 49, 799 27, 573 19, 723 CM CO oo" 8,827 2,215 1,827 1,161 2, 121 1,503 15, 784 4,9U 1.455 3.456 1 10, 874 1 CM CM CO O') OO OO OO CO CD^-QLOinCMI — LO CMm^frsO-aoo — f — Tr-TcsT cm" 44, 728 31,216 OOOO'f (D^COONNOCO^ — 'M-CM— 'CDOCOCMOO^M-CO mr^ooocDooo^mM-cor^co — T — T — Tco cm" — Ti--r co cm co 1 13, 512 CD O OO OO cd « cm oor^ < See footnotes at end of table Table 2. — Current expenditures for public school systems in suburban cities , by region , State , city-size group, and city: 1955-56 — Continued 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Fixed charges 10 $92, 471 37,815 36, 710 1,827 61,958 169, 572 840 6, 468 99, 584 64, 559 22, 503 42, 056 35, 025 »— « r-* m cm oo o co OOO CM OO ooodf-Tio 340, 387 104, 143 47, 427 188, 817 Other school services iDCMcoocsj^ioimoinco oooo^rcn«5j-r^cnmLO^-co CM O O) CO OO OO CO OO O •— * lOi-iOinrHcvj ^mcviH fee- cm -h f-H 398, 746 266, 557 156, 596 109, 961 132,189 24, 849 1,806 25, 454 80, 080 1, 056, 334 375, 441 145, 471 535, 422 Maintenance of the physical plant 00 oo co in oo cm r*. o cm oorxr-aninrHNcototnr^ O^COCM«3fH o 20, 997 38, 445 36, 982 47, 669 932, 877 289, 355 173, 045 470, 477 Salaries and wages in $771,866 397, 796 467, 449 834, 048 373, 335 601,308 516,007 555,435 1,214, 041 395, 470 546, 992 6,541,285 3, 978, 157 1,769,375 2,208,782 2, 563, 128 428, 129 747, 620 501,331 886, 048 23, 953, 520 5, 100, 295 6,820,821 12, 032, 404 Total $810, 582 412,019 490, 507 880, 771 392, 930 631,739 538, 277 602,100 1, 265, 702 413,552 577, 553 6,792,561 4,085,340 1,802,555 2, 282, 785 2, 707, 221 449, 126 786, 065 538,313 933, 717 24, 886, 397 5, 389, 650 6,993,866 12, 502, 881 Administration eo coo>o>o*Kj-mcoooooco^ inomcMnf^rcor^cocnco ON^mom*H(£)oofo 340, 843 184, 454 97, 833 86,621 156, 389 27, 903 48, 949 24, 962 54, 575 1, 153, 618 231, 779 266, 326 655, 513 ill C4 ^coto<-i^-oinNN*HCo r-HO^CSjr^^MDOOC^'-HCO^ Minrvcomootooooinoo fco- 9, 329 5, 615 2,474 3,141 3,715 626 1,054 750 1,285 31, 978 7, 250 8,823 15, 906 Region, State, city-size group, and city ! 1 OHIO— Continued Group Ill-Continued Garfield Heights _ _ _ Girard _ _ _ 1 ronton _ Maple Heights _ Martins Ferry _ Niles _ Painesville _ _ _ _ Rocky River _ South Euclid _ _ Struthers _ _ Xenia . 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CO CD CM CD LO CD CM OO *3- of cf r---* of cm* CO ID 05 CO— ' o CO s o CM to co if r-r- 00 OO CM CO ID cd co co oo r-* hf rC id* ooco tH — • 00 CD CO CD CD O *3- ID T4 ID c- CM ID CM ID CO CM h* co — • f» CD OO CM* —To ID 05 CO CM ID CO H CM CM m oo CM* © CM ID* OO 00 ID ID *3* CM CD CO r-Tr^T CM ID CO ID H © ©* © CM a? of 05 CM ID CM S cn fH mm H CD CO CM CO © ID *3* tH CD IDO S CO OO CD CO CO CO o CD CM* CM CM* o CO © CD* CM © OO CO o CD O —Too CO CO CO ID to S CM* iH to CO CD CM CO 0° LD §> ID © CN © © © tH* 00 CM ID ocf CD ID OO CD CM* CD ID 00 © © © i-f oo r^. CD CM* CO ID CO © CM CM CO © co* to ID © «3- rC N D O CO CD CO 3-CMCOO- ' ^N3oom ID ^J-* «3-*cf ocf CM OO ^3- CM OCO CO CM *3- CM* — f CM* — f ID OO irf ID ID ID o co CM CM CD T csT si aSsl si=i§ m siss mm a-Tr-T cnT— Tr-TcvT 522 §1 li 5523SS83SSSSSS 8SS85VS 8323 S3 33 32SS853 !§§3 §2 23 S8§25S8S2i5§i;5 3538333 SSffS' 25 35 32S33S2325333S siiiSsS 35S3 Sg 35 3S83SS8S5S25SS s'ga'g's'gs' ssss ss 35 ggg^ggsrasssrggg sllSiis 3828 SS S3 S£8S§8583SI§SS 2223253 5333 35 S3 3SS3S33333SS33 €•9- slseiesSS sill §1 Ss IsssallSilSsIS IlsiSII Slss S3 S¥ §¥1S1S¥sS1Isr¥ _r_r __r —r _r_r _r 3321322 3S23 3~ 32 25333333333333 sisliss stfi2 si 55 5¥l¥iW5¥2iiW r£~ -r •*“ -vr -%-* 1223323 2232 ii 53 38322333232112 3335588 3253 58 58 3 3585585535 383 lii>S558 §823 83 S3 lS58i§58iS582S -csr csT-r-r ui oTeM%-r ^TesT jffMflj, CEC/OC^C/)C^C^C^OOOQ LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 71 Table 3.-— Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance , and percent distribution of expenditures in s major accounts , in suburban city school systems: 1955-56 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION. 1954-56 Naugatuck. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS*. SUBURBAN CITIES 73 at end of table. Table 3. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance , and percent distribution of expenditures major accounts, in suburban city school systems: 1955-56 — Continued 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 I .5 CO CO r-H CO o © o' • cn oo cr> cd N 0 0)00 CO CO ■—< OO CSJ csj oo oo oo to o »— < o uo — ^ oo oo «— «’ osj I OO CO CO CSJ > csj oo uo in ooooo ggggg COCvJ^-^CSJ-cJ-CSJCOOO^ I CSJ CSJ CSJ* r*H csj’ csi CO* CSJ* CO CS1* r-I Csj I csj* csj' COO(DCCDOOrHCD^^^OO •^co^’r^ csi «s-‘ co -a-' csi oo r-~' csi co" Tf odir>cc> ld cn r- II eo oioai I o ID I CSI oo n § s' - C7> LO I © > r- I owoo co co csj* So' 8 oooc'ji'~eocoesicsir-cnO'-*oo uo o o o oo ' '-j --s csj c^i oo jor^oor^-i-i~-*-'Or-»esiLn > oo' irj oo oo csi csi -a1 oo co' oo' oo »cocsjcsjLncsjr— «r — co oo oo ^ 00—CT)<- OlssflsCs«S,0)'tOU5"tO ioocsioo'csi-ei-'ooooooo-'oooo'oo ooooooooooooo §§§§§§§gg§§§§ ggS££ ^csacsi^ S S m csjcocsi g s 5 I 5 £££ 3 §51 U ii a lllli LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 75 •— I •— « CVJ CO *— < CVJ CVJ •— « »— < *— * *— < r^tDoocsima>ooco^too»-«cor^.coLO^H^cocop^a>c^cNji^^ fHNCNifHCNitH^CNl^iHCOCoV^f^iHTHC^FHOrHiMCsiiHMCNifH^NCarHfHtOC?^ COOcCOMOOiNlOOOOCvJ^i cdcvicdtdcdcvicvicsi id csi o otDNcoNOroco^inintocDO^inoNcsj^o^^oo'tOrHoo^ocoNinifto cdcvicdcsicsicvicdcdcdcvicd «» cb cb oo' * *b cb csi csi ^4 csi csi ib ^ cb iri cb csi cb cb cb t* cb .-hcococti— ■crioocsioo'j-unoocn oo c-.' cb in id id m* in cd oo ^ cd o^-»o— i^*oo'^fOin^Hinoa>oor^rvoincsUDcoNOOoooificsjOfo^iOi-Mn^oo vi^fiotdoocdcoVrooo — ib ub in cb r-.' ib csi oi id oi in tc in' r»T in' oo csi i».' r«.' ib «a-' cb cb CSIf-«CSIU0^1->-i^J-O00'S-L0^Hl0 cJ o' csi oi oi o' ai ai —j oi csj oo aOlOlfl^MNJOO'tlOLnOKMlDO-HNrvOlOlOOlNmOOlOOF-OOOflOOllOlOCO ai ~ ^-j oo' -4 ^ ni o' cb cb csj i£>a>io.-*oiooooor~esjooooioi ibNbr,NbdbboSbb^bdbONSb^ob^bbbbb; • co co i — cor^r^r^tocDr >Oc\j^toooosjcvjoocvjr^cDLn ;K£KE£KSgP:S£8‘ 11 * ct>«— *cor— *csjr-icDoocvicocviocMr^cocT>oo^cv4^jT^.oocNJcnc3omoor-«r^ooocsj»— <^t«- ■ cd 05 1 oo 05 oo oo 05 o> 05 oo 05 05 cd • i i i i i i i 5.9 ro o^tDOONfomoimnrs co in co ^ co in lo in in co cd 5.6 5.4 5.2 17.9 8.7 4.9 4.7 3.1 cs ui cm oor^^05r^Lno505coio.— i.-«*a-cMcoa5a505a5 in ^ i^in^^iDr^r-iodr^infvIiDiDr^cD^CModcM 3 M ID 00 CO f-4 CO OO m ^ CD 00 ID 00 •d r"* cd od cd lo cm" cm* cm’ cm cm‘ in d vs- cvj in evj »— i od va-‘ in #* COCO r>.»t^FHNo^OMr>M in cm in cd cd cd in in cd cd 4.9 ^ CO CO ID ID O CM ID CM CD O ID CM | 9*6 -hcvj o> cvj co m o iv» m oo vs- o co co cm m co a> cv co o co oo' •-! "S- -h‘ ov —i oo a> oo o' o’ — i oi o'aidd ai o’ cvi 11.2 ^incDOOoomoo^toooPOo © cd oi jh *-h oi j-j oo* cm ,,, OCDfONOOOfO CM —i 05 05 O CO 5.5 mr^. oo r-» cvj oo cm oo r--. vs- oo oo co o> i-- m m co co' vf evi oo' co’ vs co' in' vs-' <■' in' co' in cvj co' co‘ cvj vr co’ cvi — i 4.4 in co • co »-h ^ rv. r^i 05 D> co id cd cd ^ id id ^ id cd cd ■*r CM CM O — • CD CM CD ID CD ID CD ID CM ! 649 1 o co oiNoiq-vfvj-vfcoocooivroivrcjiioinair- <5 °2 oo^'dinoocd— ■cdcvjvj-'cdcviincd r-' in' ci into in co cO oo co co oo co co co co co co co co co co co co 64.5 05 oor^cDcooor^^j-cD^rcooor^ ^ od o’ cm’ cm* r^«* od r^-’ oo r-* cvi r^.’ CD CO CO CD CD CD CO CD CD CD 1^ in 64.2 1 59.8 66.9 55.3 61.4 57.5 59.5 67.6 1 70.4 toco 05 cm co in cm o 05 r** cm cm oo cd i-h o in oo oi co coododmodudLOr— «cdcDodo*^r-^cdodod»— looc: m co oo co co oo co co co co co co co co co r>. 68.9 69.4 59.9 67.3 73.7 66.9 67.4 73.1 73.1 73.3 72.1 71.2 77.2 62.3 9 '89 64.0 72.1 61.3 66.5 64.1 64.7 70.2 1 3*° coo rtiHinncoinfovf coforvrvvfCTioovfinm cd cvi v^ cvi cvj cm cvj v* cvi co cvj co cvi co' cvi vj-' cvi in co co co 4.5 00 Oh-^CMhOMOCOOOh rd *3-' ** cd id cd ^ *-« 5.0 1 LO CM OO O OO OO CO cd cd cd ^ oo cd cd |0-00T | oo ooooooooooooooooooo o§ §§§§§§gg§ggg§§§§||§ o § o oooooooooooo g g’ggggggggggg ^ ,00.0 ooooooo §§§§'§§§ 8 i §5 §SSS5SS!gSSS3S2SSSSS II gillggllllSIgSsSISl 227.61 239. 97 248. 95 209. 39 239. 29 225. 51 307. 24 191.27 244. 60 225. 06 258. 50 266. 65 200. 31 224. 20 219. 48 229. 76 180. 23 200. 94 203. 97 245. 11 223. 66 196. 90 s i S3 i8S3SSKS3SSSSSSSSRI£S II EaimiSSSimSiSlI 330. 50 346. 13 415. 27 310.91 324. 59 336. 91 456. 13 261.47 334. 62 307. 19 358. 51 374. 49 259. 51 359. 95 320.23 358. 80 250. 00 327. 57 306. 56 382. 45 345. 56 280. 61 Group III . . . . . Endicott . . Floral Park: Elementary District . . . . High School District _ Kenmore.. _ _ _ Long Beach. . Mineola . . North Tonawanda _ rSSfc:::::::::::::::::::::::::: Port Chester _ _ Rockville Center . . Rye— . . . Scarsdale . Tonawanda.. _ _ Watervliet _ PENNSYLVANIA _ Group II . Abington (township) . . Haverford (township) _ Lower Merion (township) _ _ .. . McKeesport _ _ _ Mt. Lebanon (township) _ Norristown “ _ te;„“?'Sy(,ow"shlp) . . ; i 1 ! 1 = i Ambridge _ _ _ _ Arnold _ _ _ Baldwin (township) _ Beaver Falls . . . . j 1 I ■s 1 I Table 3. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance, and percent distribution of expenditures in six major accounts , in suburban city school systems: 1955-56 — Continued 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 cn o csi cnj « ir> in in wo * • CO^O^OOOOOrHCOCsJ » co o co in* 06 to cd to in i^(ococoM co cd csi in cd cd cd a> csi cd cd *-<* cd in csi cd *-«’ id in cvi cd csi csi »-J 06 in ^ is HI C Q.D. 1° iOfocoiOfor^iOTfOcocofO»HOCsjr^fsu>rsrs.h»oooo*tcocf)«5f oco in cd o> in in cd cd id «*■ cd Kt .ot£>i".CN— '«5j-oo*r— co.- a^cD*^-CMa^r-Hoooooo cd^cd^cdcdidood^incd^in^cd^^rd^cd^in^^in^rd^ ill ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo gggggogooogooooooooggoogoogoo 3. a; ss .2 Si agSS2SS=SS!ogS=RRSfSSSSSSSSSKSS if ;3SSS3a5eS8SSSSSE852SSSSSgS2SSKS •s'SSsSSISSiSs's'aaiSIsIsiSSSS'SS I Si iiiimij .S\ mum LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 79 6.0 ooohhon to o to in io I10 CM 2.6 CM o ^ to CO CM* CO CM CM CO 2.0 CM OO » co* csi i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.1 MHO CO CM* fH OO 1 00 CO in^- OO CM CM CO O l i-» csi csi csico esi-4 csi i ir>cMCMCO'3-"3-cn'— 'Oio csi»3:c£>cb,'rcsjcocoo6.-J 7.5 7.5 in cr> in o oo 1.9 11.4 8.4 5.6 2.5 5.3 6.4 in CD CD 15.3 4.1 2.0 1.7 9.2 1.8 1.8 2.7 15.5 6.4 COCOOCTJCOLOIOCSICSJCO •a-’ ^h‘ co >sr co 10 ui csi -cf 2.6 L 2-5 cMr>. or*. csi o co cm 3.3 r^f— «r^ 4.6 CM CM CD 4.2 4.9 cm r^o> r-tco ^-in «m- o co 8.8 11.7 9.1 14.6 13.7 11.8 14.4 11.1 15.2 11.6 11.6 1 11.6 11.5 1 12.7 11.5 10.1 14.0 11.1 co o to 12.7 11.7 12.5 13.1 13.0 12.2 10.0 11.8 12.6 12.3 12.2 14.9 11.5 11.6 8.3 14.2 (DinO't'tHNON^ cvjc\j'^:iriioiricviir>'a:co " 4.3 | coocmno co csi cd co CO P- OO r-« CM* CO CO r » 1 coco •— I osi to csi co sr co oo © co csj os cn co sa- -a- £•69 69.1 *3- oo ra¬ ined cm oo’ o cocDP'^r*. 70.1 71.7 68.1 71.4 67.5 ** tH f^» CD* CD CD 65.9 66.6 61.2 75.0 70.3 70.3 61.2 65.9 76.9 70.4 56.3 65.5 o co co co oo •— i co to oo R's'SJSSPiS'SSK 73.4 73.4 70.2 71.7 75.7 75.2 73.4 73.2 74.4 71.4 74.5 74.8 71.5 70.3 69.4 70.1 66.6 78.0 73.6 71.9 63.4 69.5 79.5 74.2 60.5 68.6 r-~oo©.— icor'~ocsir~-o to ^ -cr in -rf -a-' to CM M* M-OIOCMOO csi CO CM CSJ t— I _ 2-6 to COCSJr-I _ 3'8 CD CD CM* CO* *■*’ 4.4 co cn in o cn cm in lo oo cm co r-ico coco oocsi co' cd ^ oooooooooo gggggggggg 100.0 | “H ooooo ggggg | 0 001 100.0 100.0 100.0 X.O., 0 001 O'OOT 0*001 0 001 o oo oo oo ooo g gg gg gg ggg 191.97 196. 06 238. 90 211.56 211.68 205. 46 213.35 238. 22 202. 06 260. 76 233. 18 237. 24 232. 27 220. 35 279. 38 220. 69 227. 15 10 '903 216. 42 202. 14 202. 80 241. 26 179. 58 258. 75 230. 42 261.18 Is \i 229. 00 212. 15 237. 80 204. 07 316. 69 258. 98 238. 45 259. 02 318. 62 213.67 261.58 263. 56 388. 89 312.91 309. 80 278. 32 327.75 320. 50 333.69 353. 18 317.61 323. 01 330. 68 307. 37 369. 05 293. 48 309. 38 281.35 290. 88 283. 14 272. 11 338.65 239. 89 361. 60 327.71 376. 12 377.86 343. 63 271.92 323. 16 283.81 499. 38 372. 52 299. 91 349. 14 526. 38 311.29 80 e s ■w e 0) I e .2 ',— m CD C •_=f5 CD CL o « £ .E .2 E "S r^. lo c\j coo oco •-Jeocsj cnjcnj csjcvj CMO r-H CVJ oooo coo cd cor^ cvj o cvjrn *3* cvj CO CVJ cvj rtN 00* LOCO coo m*-» oo *-«csj cvj co cd LOO o csjidcvj -CVJ CVJ cvj Cvj C oo coo Cvj OCJ3H cococo r^»io o co — < CVJ *3-‘ •-H CO CO Cvj CO CO csj’cvjcvj *-I r-H CsJ *3-— «o coco edido o »-I LO O O CO CVJ CO CO oo cooo ooo ooo oo oo O O* 0*0* oo oo ooo o’ o* o o.< CD O CVJ LO OO O co o> o* id CO *3* CVJ CS1 * rHCOO id o _ ^ =3 .2 v’-3 O U c haj) o Q- co cj> id cd o tOOtJ co co cn o lo o OO OO LO LO CT> oo cvj CO co CVJ LO LO CVJ CVJ mQ ^ "o >v O C C/5 -S' c ; l-S5 ^ a> . . ~ Ef o ’E "5 £ :.-o| i= 5s >» 03 55 o.E 55 ^ g .. Sco - §< £2-* e -c co E- ^ O ra CD M W) q qQ >* o LO CO " LO LO o o l o o 2 ^ >Li- 1* p co c: $C cS 2° I i E >£■5 |S°' Eujlui— ■f.2 mo :hool District _ _ J 363. 51 1 247. 01 I 100.0 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 81 at end of table. Table 3. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance , and percent distribution of expenditures in six major accounts , in suburban city school systems: 1955—56 — Continued 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Percent distribution of total current expenditures Fixed charges 12 2.8 1.9 1.9 © 1.8 2.1 1.9 15.1 1.4 07 07 -«‘c> in 5.0 5.0 5.4 in 5.3 Other school services vH H 2.8 2.9 2.9 L’X O CM CM 10.1 2.0 17.9 2.6 2.3 2.3 | 3.7 3.7 Maintenance of physical plant O i-l 4.5 tH li> CO 4.3 1*^ CO 07 CM 3.0 CMN CM* CO* 07 6,1 CD 1.6 1.6 | 5.3 Operation of physical plant © 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.7 12.9 13.5 11.3 10.7 11.2 12.5 9.9 11.3 10.1 | roi 14.6 14.6 10.5 Instruction Supplies and other expenses 00 2.8 4.2 4.2 2.0 LO 07 O) r-H r-H CM CM !.6| 07 co OO* 3.0 3.0 | 4.5 in CD Salaries and wages 72.0 71.0 71.0 73.1 73.1 75.0 75.4 63.9 69.8 76.0 63.9 70.0 71.2 71.2 I 66.5 66.5 72.8 Total CD 74.8 75.2 75.2 iH R CD 0)000 CD OO CD cd 71.4 77.9 65.2 CO* 74.2 74.2 71.0 71.0 74.4 Adminis¬ tration j “* 2.6 2.4 CM* 2.6 OLO^tOO cd CM CM CM 2.9 IT) CO* CM CM 2.3 1_ 2-3l 3.7 3.7 2.8 Total current expenditure 100.0 100.0 I 0 '001 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 oo 0*0* OO O O O 100.0 o d o 100.0 O'OOI O o* o Expenditures per pupil in ADA i For instruction $212. 86 196. 54 196.54 231. 32 281.27 239. 30 195. 51 174.11 185. 76 199. 72 172. 16 161.36 158.66 158.66 170. 30 170. 30 155. 88 Total current expenditure CM $284. 51 © CO CD CM 261.60 308. 00 377. 07 311. 19 249. 56 263. 93 260. 29 256. 52 263. 96 219. 83 213.78 213. 78 239. 86 239. 86 209. 55 Region, State, city-size group, and city - INDIANA . _ Group 1 . Gary* . . . . Group II _ East Chicago ________ _ Hammond . Mishawaka _ _ _ New Albany.. . . . . . . Group III . . Hobart . Jeffersonville . . IOWA . . Group II . . . Council Bluffs . . . Group III.. _ _ Cedar Falls . . . KANSAS . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 83 lom^-csjroLO^-csj OOOOOOOO incoco^N^-oo oooo ddorn'ocio 1 oor-i mo^tMOO^OPO ^HincNi^rcd^-icvjr-HO cr> co •— « *—« csj csi cd csi cd cd r-I to* oo cd *— « ^ cm* rtcoooor co o c\i r-J r or^cMOOCM^r^mr^ CM Kf CO CO CO co .moon^oooo ro-H^- 2 22 22 ^ 22 2 2 22 2 2^ 2 2 c CM O CM CO Nndd r*T Coa)r^oo»-Hcocr>c\j cdcd^a-cdincMod^rud tooinrsiHcsuoooo)^ r^r-*o o kt o to ^ cd in cd *r in cooocsioo-ho' co^-inoo^-ooococsjrH ^r*— «lo oo* in in in cd cd cd cm ^ o o'ido) toi^Ohstoor,sr^Nors rococo )0)rxoa>r>LmDO icd^cdr^r^inoor^ >r^r-HCor^i^r^r^co csj o r^. r** co co oo o> •-« cvj «— »©o* •— «' o cd cr> cm* o’ cd c*-*’ cd o lo rso’i r^ooohsi — r^fsi^r^ors r^cor CM CM CD* ©’ COrHCVJOO o^rsinooisrH^o I .-JcdcdidcMCMCMcd cm «ca- O) m oo ^ co o> co cm co r^. «— « »— • n cm || cm ^cdodcdcdin^cdf-Hr^-^ tn^i-in II cd ooooooooooo ooo |j o II © 8888 8 § 8 8 § 8 8 888 8 8* ° II ° §8 OOOOOOOOO I © 800088800 8* OOOOO 88888 8 8 832S8S8S3 s s 3 a 2K88£ 32S28 83838S38888 5S3 aSla'ills's'lS iSs SR3SS SlSg'l '! 'if u y iJIjJJi: IIIli!HS!so J JJ iiii )«'> at end of table< Table 3. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance , and percent distribution of major accounts, in suburban city school systems: 1955— 56— -Continued 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 85 OOO I OCNJ 4.1 LOinrHrHCXXt 1 i i oo o*> oo «— « oo dioNONtd i ltd i o d oo d o i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i r. CD OO 1 0—4* 0.9 ^■OOUOLO II *— « o — « o 1.1 fH ©* fH* in o’ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 i | i 1 i I » i i i i i i i i 1 6 *0 1.1 0.7 coco I fH r^^cMto^toof^omcocoocococsj CO Ni COLO © OCMM-CM CO CM © ^ CO 1 * '* 1 fH CO ! cdtd N iriooirSoo^ — oooocmoo — I od u-> ro cd cd CO* o’ cdtd CO* in fH* CO* o* o* o O* o ! i i i i i i i i (DO CO CT>mco^-uomooLr>»-Hr^*-4COoocNjco a> fH io oo 00 rsM-ooo in © in oo 1 © 00 © CD CD CM CD ^T(rjcgr^n-«3;^r'— '(riodcofocrj^rui to rd to" od to cdrdrdcd d d d d cd : ** CM* CM CM «^CD CM cDoocDCsjinoiocr>n}-.- _ CO to oo © CO O CD o © CO © © LO O ° r-H O SS | o>csiisdo>cdrd^j:oodc>id*-Hcdo*j- cococotocoiDiDcocor^r'-iDtor''.to O © r-d o' ©* od »— <’ td cd ; *** ©* I'd id LO d ©* cd o 1 ^ © tor^toto h* h* 00 © oo © 00 CD —•CM 1 | o coo>t-* to —« CM cmo I oo •— < co co i — o o | Kt ai ** co co co in oo in* cvi in cvi co in - STT CO CD cd evirt-’ Operation of physical plant in o o •— • o> cr> in too •— ii'-.cm*— > icin oi oo co cimdr-i ai cvi w-i ai 10.7 10.1 10.3 10. 1 Supplies and other expenses - co in sj- r'- i r-~ esi in r~~ oo m — i csi r-. in Oi •— i ^ cococoinrs!^ ^ in ^ co ^ co co co j 5.2 4.4 5.1 10.2 Instruction Salaries and wages COOOCONfv^ OO CVI CD O CVJ CO NCVJOOCsJO »— '^■•Hoodoioo co co* *— * in co’ cd’ co* cd NtDNCOCOCDIv r^CO NCDlDtD NCOCDCsCD OO ID 66.2 71.6 62.5 Total CD 75.9 68.4 74.4 72.0 71.8 77.4 77.3 78.2 68.7 80.6 70.8 74.8 69.4 76.9 70.9 74.4 77.1 73.1 73.6 70.6 76.7 72.7 Adminis¬ tration in rHOHCOH^-OO CVJOO O CD CVI LO CD ^ CO CD ^•in^foocococo coco cvi co co co cvi co" co’ co’ 4.1 CD OO co cvj oo Total current expenditure * ooooooo oo oooo ooooo o’ o’ o’ o’ o’ o’ o’ o’ o’ o* o’ o’ o* o’ o’ o’ o’ o* ooooooo oo oooo ooooo 100.0 o oo o’ o* o’ o o o Expenditure per pupil in ADA 1 For instruction co $176. 16 253. 79 280. 61 281.86 237. 33 300. 88 243. 85 204. 21 307. 87 237. 55 319. 03 303. 44 242. 56 238. 57 388. 37 269. 45 384. 46 248. 88 240.00 | 415.14 293.26 239.18 183.57 364.93 1 265.47 Total current expenditure M $231.99 371.10 377.01 391.34 330. 35 388. 85 315. 32 261.19 448. 03 294. 66 451.08 405. 85 349. 64 310.11 547. 80 362. 23 498. 70 340. 30 | 326. 08 Region, State, city-size group, and city fH CALIFORNIA— Continued Group II — Continued Compton: Elementary District . . .. .. High School District _ Glendale 3 _ _ Inglewood _ _ _ ... Lynwood . . . . Palo Alto _ _ Pomona . . . Redondo Beach: Elementary District . . High School District _ _ Redwood City: Elementary District . . High School District _ Richmond . . . . San Leandro _ _ _ San Mateo: Elementary District _ High School District _ _ Santa Ana 3 . . Santa Monica « _ Vallejo 3 _ Group III... _ _ Albany _ _ _ Anaheim: Elementary District... . . High School District . . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 89 owe) cm ^CM^CM* CNJ CNJ OOO 1 o ‘ CM •— I | CO CM | CM CO CM CM CO 1 ~ ! CM ! ! HH^CVICOOrH CM* CM CM* CM* CM* CM* OO CM CD CO CMCM*-^ CM-* n rHCM* r— < OO CM CO O CO O «— « CM «—* *3* CM* CM* CO* CM* CM CM* CM CM f-? 4.3 5.7 5.0 5.2 CM CO 00 CO ocnrsCMrs IfirHOoV nn 0*00 co co 0)rxr.rN.cocDCD cm cd *5f to co* n* ^ cordon cdtocd^r* 6.8 9.1 OO CO oo «-h co co *** co co r» co co in in oo — id to ^ -d in ^ n *3- cnj ^*«*CMcd on CM^f oo *— « r«- co co CM* CO ^ t-H co* co CT> CD *3- oo uo r- irj n co* co n cvi r^ «3-nr- cMn^nc CO in 4.1 6.0 CMCOOCM^fCOCO— SsvsW;v I 1 * tf is ss ~§~I~ SfeS-5 sis sll lilil s rfeJgaa| § of ssi 3 5S¥ § IsssssssssIsaS IsIS-”'2' “¥a's' Sssls i 2K383 [jf s=sl§ illlglslall I s's»s¥ !sir"s'~ls'3' s' sf Si ssf §S5 £s¥ sesSISsIslsSSsssslS s 2¥lSs¥5-'=~s-S~|SS'si g 5 ’ il iss Is s¥ Ssil s'ggi ! ; i :E II IS SI s- slill IlSSsIIsiii rfsws‘ j 835 sss slSisSsssssilsslSIS s si II—sIISsIsllsss iwi : ! : : 1 : i : ! ! i ! iiiiiii . mm: S83 Is¥ $E~s§I§sIi§~i§l~~2~ 3 l¥lil¥SISs¥llSIIi¥i s crf^'cvfcsTcsr ^^W-irtW^-r-r-revT-rcM cvf 8 : : i : i i j | : i : ! i : : i §2 S slssl isl islis iSS ”¥¥Si r¥ |"*S"’a iSI 04 i ~ i ~ i in &g3§£§£SsgS£i£S333g £ ! ! !2 : i r. : : !cm IJI ii ! is j j i ! ! : : SR a— glSsSSllsSSIslfs lisiliSggsIsIssl SIS' ssliesSISIsliflSlssftS 5 mmmmmmm g (oWNVmVNNNViflWcNr«Vrt‘mcsr«sr CO Table 4. — Revenue and nonrevenue receipts of suburban city school systems from Federal , State , intermediate , local , and other sources , by region , State , city-size group , and city; and capital outlay: 1955-56 — Continued 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 *E rNrooooitoc mrNooo)»H« in cvj i-*-. co OOCT> LO -H *3- CO CVJ rKr^^tCDOCOOOOCD )*— <1 — UO LO O CO CNI CD ♦ oocomcocDcoom ' o in i co o i cvj in OrOlDCDNO cor^^minin o r^*. cvj cd oo CVJ ^ oo LO CO o CVJCVJ^fOinCDCNJOOCOOOOCOOOCDCDLnCDCO pHNfoo^cvjojfoooinorscsja^Ncooin oincDcvjcvjcocvjcor^cocDLnoin^-cococo «-T 00" *3-" rCirT ofr-Tr-T rCof *3-" r . 00 «— « *3- cvj cvj cvi cd r *-* NO i <1) 0 Ogg 00 cvj 1 in^r co co - (IVONCOOCO^* >FH(OIVCDOOO)00- .JVIVCDN^^CDC >" r*T o" co" in of of •* *3- co in 00 »-• co co r-H *-H CVJ» ^ in *— < co cvj CD ^ in co )HNON^NNO)lO r cvf oo"nT co nT ofr-T of " cvj" r*T*— • o CD OO CD O ' CO O O CD in CD NCOlVrH^rv in cvi *3- in m co >«— »incocvjcocvjcoo>cvjcocvjioN*cvjcoco - - 1 o •— « co cvi cvj • r-* 00 *3- co «*3- 00 •"of o" o" co" in" *-h" of — f of in" *-T , CVJ r-H .-H CVI r-H CVI CVJ ■oiO'HO'tinco^-'H cocDr^coco^i- rn co cvj 00 ro co co cvj in in in" in" *e3-" of 1 in" »h co co rv CO N* CD CD CO CO cvj" cvj" cvi" ■-«" cvj co" OOOCVJ^3T^.CVJin00^3*OOCVlOO^N»f-H*-HCON.COincVICO fviDOO'HCvjCOincO^«tOOOCO«3,^in^,fV'3CVICD corHcvjoocoinocococom^to«^Lncocvi*Hrvio^-«H af^f" co" cvj r>." o" co" cvj" in" o" cvj" cvT r-T cd" cvj" r«f cd" o" cvj" r^T of co ino*— iNooo^in^o^Hr-tcocvirHfvcooooo^^iocn COOOCONWCVIOCDOCO’ “ -fxiDOOlDCOKj-rHCDCDrv' 'ii'E-SS.l :=£issjsl 1) 3 O £ O = TO cf'eo li — TO CDOIUUUUQQUJIiJLlLlUZ J® § .■I E^/ o O CD J=T3 Ei'E-. CV C3~ C =0 8 = .S2 5 to - o i?SS2 [,059,032 I _ I 320,344 ' _ I 511,952 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 95 8, 025 10, 206 s i : !g : j jsf i | i i §SS§S6588 roof to'i'frC^-firf to in — a 3,818,559 208,340 208, 340 2,299,701 229, 243 22,310 36,516 220, 569 105, 563 271,453 1,562 212, 841 1,024,886 174, 758 1,310,518 66, 692 21,719 1,908 61,620 21,649 4,136 159,414 112, 584 22, 586 iiss i ; ill ii§ jscT 563, 676 383, 255 9,190 590, 987 1,349, 841 16, 787 724, 991 298, 291 8, 770, 865 1,727,143 1, 727, 143 5,262,352 308, 960 216, 839 284, 000 505, 859 264, 834 600, 895 S s£ S S¥ E i r* 13, 094 32, 593 Si i s's j 1 §ia oooo~ 8, 025 50, 537 58, 619 28, 891 92, 808 40, 985 192, 137 17, 973 3, 106 573, 565 399, 427 26, 350 598, 457 1,471,219 22, 761 731,574 304, 274 12, 589, 424 1,935,483 1,935,483 7,562,053 538, 203 239, 149 320,516 726, 428 370, 397 872, 348 1,562 717, 674 2, 221,901 1,553, 875 1 i 8S IssSIss sa ;§ ! i \m ! ! j j j i j j i j IS li i Sis' : ! 18, 662, 301 9 s of 2, 181,051 1 i 680, 539 100, 000 1,398,005 2, 066, 801 1 IS s' §¥ 10, 617, 264 871 465, 569 54,419 1,602 62, 000 s i s i ml g‘s S‘g‘! § SST | gS S S S gf 2,795,223 27,933 27, 933 s s' rf 315, 042 101,080 93, 258 67,773 303, 907 11,414 1,457 5,343 131,005 312, 737 a s' 10, 645 102, 000 127, 798 266, 398 59, 237 48, 890 24, 757 24, 282 12, 573 i i i i : i i! ij !!! : : : ; | ; $16, 500 16,500 | 005 *91 mil m i nm m i i i i ! ! i ! i : 1 1 | III i | | ! i ! : i 3s§S§sllsI§lSSSsSS§ S¥i3s¥l¥§s¥ll¥s¥sls ~ r-f « *-T 60, 996, 768 6, 032, 872 | 6, 032, 872 26, 070, 307 | 1,275, 363 778, 904 3,972,985 4, 065, 742 5, 052,157 2, 073, 762 1,117,950 1,124,017 2, 484, 291 4, 125, 136 8 i «r 412, 486 1,088,938 1,229,447 3, 522, 416 1,575, 569 697, 180 3, 390,711 1,871,305 1, 220, 260 i i II : ; Him i . ii i i $1, 168, 484 | i i i ! ; i i i S i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 m ii | j ; j | ij; ; ; i i r* i! II! i i : : i Mil! ail ml 89, 580 256, 164 405,216 292,911 257, 421 55, 445 264, 725 143, 733 211,910 211,372 127.666 118, 940 148. 667 167,419 161,516 106, 500 80, 141 343, 363 200, 044 23, 871,227 2, 379, 887 | 2, 379, 887 9,220,944 539, 691 706, 051 1, 452, 733 956, 856 2,517,193 851,041 188, 284 434, 981 649, 994 924, 120 e sT 284, 277 1, 027, 750 167, 260 1,395,318 726, 855 701,034 1,597, 641 537, 100 432, 702 Is 1 Si 18,994 6,036 Hill : ! i : i ; ; ; ; i 148, 545 1 22,911 1 22,911 I S _fr8Z_‘E _ Ml Ml 26, 104 j 1 4, 750 M ii SllSIlsssSsSllasslS -r-H-' -T-T esT r-T -T csT 88, 996, 747 S i CO 8, 480,103 a a s 2, 130, 096 1,589,819 5,518, 976 5, 090, 371 7, 969, 003 2,936,217 1,307, 691 1, 564, 341 3, 265, 290 5, 361, 993 43, 782, 847 707,408 2,223,438 1, 524, 505 5, 184, 132 2, 361,661 1,447, 104 5, 965, 342 2,432,687 1,665, 535 Table 4. — Revenue and nonrevenue receipts of suburban city school systems from Federal, State, intermediate, local, and other sources , by region, State, city-size group , and city; and capital outlay: 1955-56 — Continued 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 97 SS8§8S8§§! |558 toirjcoor^'oo^'g' 1 «*» igs58S§§§B83 is i is is ! ilsls is£l i jodafr-Tco co'co o'cxT^ co ; :- is : isfsss i® a : : ~~~~ is i U —Tin «— T cd of c\T — * i s ; ~ i ii^ isS i ilss- isl !§g jssf jag i Kiss Ks isP i : ESSSs^SS Err r IsiglsSSssfiSsIs i igalasSSSSSilBslRla i isISalElls ; j»s-3rfa‘r‘ asfg ”-s-"ss i igssfg'^s S3 isllls ilSsi ii iSIsSSEfsSs if isisSl isS lisIIleS ss jsssss i IP's !S ia'S'rm-' IS |s'sa's¥ 3a's' i ill sSsiSlSsslSISgEggsIs g'ssss's"’;2' sss'gs'sss'sssB IisS§SR§BeSSIIH5S2IISssIg gSS KSS'gSS'g~3S'f Rj'BSKS”gB= Mil ! i ii • ! llll i i i i i i i 1 ! | i i i i j i | ! il i ! loo* ! i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iiiii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; ; ; sS=IBSKilsggff§sssssSKgg|S|fisg2||S§|5s§Ss§§Sg; ~ cvT u-T Co" opcvf o rC oo r-P co oo of co cfco" O* u Scsi5l ! ! !! i i ! ! i !£ !S i IS ! : ! i®. ; j® is i i i is i i i i i i PM IS! MM! : ii i iiiiii : : : : :::::: i i IsfISssiSISSiSs is =Wl'“¥Ss£S¥Sa¥ is i ! 5ss£ll~aiSftSISSS3ssBISiISlsgl S^RS^^SSWE‘SSWgssS2aS¥^ ! 1 ! ! 1 1 ii jis js ! : i I I iss is i : i I 12 ! ! o> OO ! ! ig~ i isss i g8SSSSSS8S888888E5gSSS8iS8SSgg83SSgSS8SS8a88BS a^s^ssKsif Table 4. — Revenue and nonrevenue receipts of suburban city school systems from Federal , State , intermediate , local , and other sources , 6y region. State, city-size group, and city; and capital outlay: 1955-56 - — Continued 98 Capital outlay BIENNIA J.1 S" L ST CM H JRV oo oo oo CO CM CM fee* EY to Ifl CO a OF ED CMfHNOO co r*'» cd *— < o inonnoois CD r— T CD CD CsT UCz CM Lrt CM Lfi VTI03S CM O 1 CM CO 1 CO CD l 1 l 1 1 6, 178, 164 1954- rt MO © ^ CM ^ © fH to cT oT CO CD *4 HMO to w* -5 6 co CO CM OO 917, 986 44,936 19, 235 37,869 38, 243 21,461 Sites, new buildings, additions and improve¬ ments n $2, 093, 161 2, 059, 161 171,742 500, 000 1,387,419 34, 000 1 IO i o 1 o i co i i i i CM s m CO 4, 121, 736 34, 083, 153 46, 353, 553 | 27,168,631 | | 11, 198, 665 1,235,462 2, 089, 727 52, 313 345, 006 234,911 Total 10 $2,316, 999 2, 277, 747 46, 532 183,713 570, 567 1,464,235 12,700 39, 252 322 4,930 34, 000 30, 742, 607 4, 290, 137 37, 449, 796 49, 002, 674 28,992,015 | 12, 116, 651 1, 280, 398 2,108,962 90, 182 383, 249 256, 372 Total non¬ revenue receipts a $551,632 330, 445 329, 596 i iO) I 00 1 1 1 1 1 221,137 1,187 220, 000 _ 94, 000, 115 3, 749, 682 44, 531, 576 45, 718, 857 35,532,721 19, 501, 928 2, 597, 714 1,781,300 461,000 2,158, 000 Other revenue receipts 00 $813,707 643, 027 171,579 135, 968 176, 559 120, 740 38,181 170, 680 70. 635 76. 635 23,410 38,116,110 1, 264, 912 22,319,992 14,531,206 7,930,176 00 *et ff © 118, 600 76, 762 204,425 11,594 125,388 Local Appro¬ priations h* $21,501 21, 501 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21,501 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i CD © CD 346, 025 100, 969 93, 625 i i i i i i i i II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II t 1 II II II Taxation to $11,343,068 10, 114, 659 2, 497, 148 1,509, 444 2, 407, 258 2,726,916 973, 893 1,228,409 335, 266 438, 736 454, 407 163, 567, 173 10, 200, 760 92, 799, 683 60, 566, 724 57,810,746 32, 473, 098 2,555,637 1,726,652 1,196,091 672,011 697, 350 County (inter¬ mediate) l f) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 512, 098, 36S 591, 323 6, 329, 815 5, 177, 228 6, 762 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II ll II II II ll II State •> $2,785,671 ** ro h* CO <0 CM*' 451,819 378, 859 513,114 899, 023 223, 919 318, 937 104, 771 113, 654 100,512 CD CD •st* CM m" CD 4, 082, 918 32, 018, 947 27, 182, 814 9,743,519 © It) CD & in 170,516 368, 138 260, 583 99,712 57, 280 Federal CO $75, 884 72, 438 CO o r-T SZfr'SS 3,396 i CD l CD 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 2, 447, 238 107, 218 1, 122, 013 1, 218, 007 457,315 439,262 39, 887 37,915 Total revenue receipts CM $15, 039,831 13,318,409 3, 120, 546 2,041,284 3,096,931 3, 823, 655 1,235,993 1, 721, 422 510,672 632,421 578, 329 279,960,559 H H N CO CO Kt iH t* © cd cd ^ M N cm © CD Hf OcT H w O H 76,042,142 | 42, 646, 167 2,844, 753 2,171,552 1,661,099 823, 204 917, 933 Region, State, city-size group, and city 1 RHODE ISLAND _ Group II _ East Providence (town) _ Warwick _ Woonsocket— - - Group III _ _ _ Central Falls North Providence (town)... . West Warwick (town) _ North Central _ Group 1 _ Group II . . . . Group III.. . . ILLINOIS _ Group II.. _ _ Alton Aurora: East Side School District _ West Side School District _ Belleville: Elementary District . . High School District— . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 99 Table 4. — Revenue and nonrevenue receipts of suburban city school systems from Federal , State, intermediate , local, and other sources, by region. State, city-size group, and city ; and capital outlay: 1955-56 — Continued 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 New equipment M fH is sis SSlIs lls I ^VTjgooVT jooo rCoooo- jf-gj-rf eoooo gji^^owgf csi* •o © ^ &2SSS ess SSSSSS § concooo) LO LO mints icorso rnrs^ to co -cr co co co o Sites, n buildinj additions improv ment: H fH ^ co to" csT jr^ r- TO co lo to to csi co *3- lo lo CD CSI CSJ *— « LO CSI LO CSj r-i co CSJ —i CS4 LO *3- f-T csT Q> 3 Tn 1 1 1 COO CSI LO 1 COLOO^t* oo l *-< O CO IS I CO — • O CO OO) I coo — «o I CSICOOts OO) 35 isS 5 1 o' f— *" esj" | co" o" csj" ocsT 1 coo COCO 1 co OCT) cocr> 1 CO r-s CSI » O TO co i i M : : i in i 38? f? 1 ^■coo o cmO(D co CO CO LO oo to > co — ♦ cocsj > -cr cnjoo co • — * oom 515 isss-s S ! ! X ! ! : i i i J L oo csj «— • cd csi — « ) OCSJ r cT t— r iSs ISsiss § i'll IS'ssgg g cololotocsj oo — • o cr> r~-«— *cmct> lo co r^*. *3- to *—■ 10 co csj o •— * o ' torNintD-H cors cdlolo cd co co rCocsTorT^f oTctT csj"lo (Sen coco § SIS sslISS 1 g2S3 SS‘£f“SS g co o csi csj LO CO CD CO CO cncoinois ^-ocomcsi CO ^3- csToo" COO) TO LO CO ^ csi O) o IsS SSgsgs » IIS 58'2'sW § .-T 51,231 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 101 34, 139 37, 831 14, 540 13, 096 276, 360 75, 458 75, 458 182, 728 roiDrorx O ID O CD CDOOO co'—T OO OO *3- CM 18, 174 4, 256 13,918 59, 227 35,336 35, 336 23, 891 23, 891 92, 943 92, 943 92, 943 1,611,937 1, 068, 392 114, 475 59, 347 63, 767 920 231, 675 17, 631 173, 834 67, 880 338, 863 580, 209 49, 252 2, 385, 559 10,515 4, 278, 523 991,372 | | 991,372 | 2, 639, 949 987, 133 1, 300, 025 282, 036 70, 755 647,202 424, 352 222, 850 294,514 | 68, 655 68, 655 225,859 225, 859 | 3, 130, 364 3,130,364 3, 130, 364 | 19, 142, 939 10, 625, 614 45, 299 193, 738 894, 010 70 1, 320, 026 2, 025, 456 2, 718, 325 3, 428, 690 614, 348 87, 083 2,400,099 23,611 OO OO ID ID 1, 066, 830 | 1,066,830 | 2, 822, 677 1, 020, 736 1,381,080 326, 039 94, 822 665,376 428, 608 236, 768 353,741 | 103, 991 103, 991 249,750 249, 750 3,223,307 | 3, 223, 307 3, 223, 307 20, 754, 876 | 11, 6S4, 006 159, 774 253, 085 957, 777 990 231, 675 1, 337, 657 2, 199, 290 2, 786, 205 3, 767, 553 508, 066 1 : 1 1,201,464 46,210 46,210 | 776, 171 218, 600 551, 755 3,610 2, 206 | 379, 083 | 207, 346 171,737 154,191 | 154,191 | 154, 191 3,703,472 | 3, 703, 472 3, 703, 472 25,306,934 12, 133, 767 275 1,010, 000 2, 623, 361 189, 675 280, 000 3, 010, 904 4, 896, 387 123, 165 CO CT> OO CT) cd ld id id Csl CD co to ^ cm cm •— « 1, 547, 789 645,788 645,788 843, 339 564, 142 106, 188 173, 009 58,662 . CM t CD t CD 1 OO 1 ID 359,866 252, 703 252, 703 107,163 | 107, 163 619, 124 | ** 1 0 lO i o' i •cr' l ID ICO 1 CM I i i i i i 110,111 to' 107,218 | 107, 218 107, 218 846,659 276, 209 i i i t i O') i i t i i i i i O 1 i ■ i i i i t CM i i ■ i i i i t r-» i i t i i i i t CM i • • 716,708 1, 038, 308 2, 099, 301 489, 444 26, 889, 786 . 10, 718, 718 OO oo r^. o' 14, 318, 165 3, 858, 634 6, 957, 708 1,914,147 1, 587, 676 1, 852, 903 923, 880 929, 023 | 3,423,030 1 2, 505, 695 2, 505, 695 917, 335 917, 335 | 5,528,413 | 5, 528, 413 5, 528, 413 | 75,515,165 | 47, 126, 110 11,434, 997 2, 783,410 6, 277, 331 2, 021,292 4, 070, 172 3, 703, 508 7, 337, 978 5, 768, 998 3, 728, 424 O E o Table 4. — Revenue and nonrevenue receipts of suburban city school systems from Federal, State , intermediate , local, and other sources, by region , State, city-size group, and city; and capital outlay: 1955-56 — Continued 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Capital outlay New equipment a $543, 545 ass sfsaf 309, 573 309, 573 79, 098 64, 287 35, 274 55, 379 75, 535 527, 761 § a 5, 585 23, 442 Sites, new buildings, additions and improve¬ ments a $8,517,325 634.250 1,067,236 123,418 145, 860 1, 205, 396 16, 572 187, 447 323, 358 434,914 410, 162 1, 766,811 1,708, 361 1,521 492, 019 | 8,118,528 8,118,528 2. 383. 623 2, 972.150 438, 049 2, 091, 747 232. 959 6,344,394 913,761 810, 247 103, 514 ■s h- s $9,060,870 sssssSSIliS s'ISWs'gsWs' S'-g -T r-T ~T 8,428,101 | 8,428,101 2,462, 721 3,036,437 473, 323 2, 147, 126 308, 494 6, 872, 155 942,788 815, 832 126, 956 Total non¬ revenue receipts a $13, 173, 167 254,843 845,281 III iS»! i i 3,019, 422 337, 805 3,443, 976 2, 038, 297 93, 272 2,499,689 7,571,571 7, 571, 571 2, 535, 194 2,400, 084 11.922 2,211,653 412,718 3, 942, 227 111, 151 110, 822 329 Other revenue receipts 00 $4, 747, 865 SSsIliSlslg IIS SlS's'S'ssS'rs' s' s' 1,147,413 3 5 495,716 331, 896 140, 503 163, 898 15, 400 2, 226, 496 764, 277 2,098 762, 179 I Appro¬ priations $7, 344 | M i is i i N j Taxation CO $10, 612,438 SssasllsliS sss gglSssSllsl S's¥ 5,791,970 1 5,791,970 1, 492, 572 866, 066 809, 679 1,617,322 1, 006, 331 12, 157, 726 3,686,117 1, 166, 929 2, 519, 188 County (inter¬ mediate) in $25, 395 is jgf | ; j i j i 94,916 94,916 g§§ ig inrCcg joo 758, 724 245, 185 122, 034 123, 151 I * s S' S' sSsissSSslS ill ISISSISIISI 3, 277, 913 3,277,913 608, 008 1,213,807 368, 755 821, 203 266, 140 4,204,414 is i rf 710, 151 655, 512 1 CO $570,450 !2 jS is 1 j is! : ; ;s; ! !!! as a is' i i i : : i : ! • i j 1 CO § 00 1 1 1 is : : : ioo 387, 646 74, 721 74, 721 Total revenue receipts W S i S' 2,320,404 2, 430, 617 3, 593, 028 2,859,358 1, 240, 947 1,611,063 2,440, 764 1,341,612 1,984,427 1,714,175 2, 439, 217 1, 473, 661 1,614, 872 1, 324, 910 10, 320, 275 10,320,275 2,612,094 2,419, 089 1, 386. 940 2, 602, 423 1,299, 729 19, 735, 006 6,135,963 2, 075, 933 4, 060, 030 Region, State^city-size group, MICHIGAN— Continued Allen Park . . . Berkeley . . . . East Detroit.""""" IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIZ East Lansing Ecorse Hazel Park _ _ Inkster _ 1 1 1 jjj i §j i i IF j I | j j j i 1 MISSOURI.. . jl 3 fN 00 cr> L (OCNJOO^fOO^O ooooroooooo*- irf CO CM *lL in CM ro ef CD O SCHOOL SYSTEM r^.«cfrrN*o irH(Do^cM^o cm —< cd eo i CT> lo m eo t-h inking* i cdo oiOf-ico cd oo' cd" of co" i cm" irf o" ^roo" cm" oo" CO CO CM i*^D)*H CO IN CO s: m © © ef m CM - co 73, 508 H 27, 124 S ri FRBA eo r-H oo io"rC JST CITIES rseoa>»H|s.o)co© CMCD— 'CDLOCOOOO r^-CMOOCMr^r^-eocD of cd"oo" cm"cm"oo" r-H COLO CD CD o" CD © oo f*f © 103 CDO LO CD CO <53- oo'io" CM CD ro © © 1/f OOr-«C\J — ICO r-H LO CD CO CM CD cn O) r2 in CM 8 hf 00 CO MsooomoeoiDHOON — «CMOOOCDCOCOCDO*3*CO co^tDinoeo^Qft^^N irf eo" cd* o" eo" eo" erf o" cm" eo" CD CM CO CD r— 1 CD U“) *3" O') OO CD eo in lo cd cm lo cm o cm fHfH cm" © 1 © to" CO 00 ©" eo in ^fOOO lOCM^ «-Too"cm" lo CM eo cm" O CD CM in CM O oo*oo" oo OO^H oo^3-co^teooocDCM CO CM CD O CD CD O CD LO— 'COCMOOOO^OO in" eo’ eo" o" — •" cm" »-h oo" OO *3- CM *3- LO CD CM — < CO O CM o LO o eo" eo IN © © © f-H co "d- CM IN —1 co"oo" h- © cn © CM CD in TteocvjoocDooin^ r^cDr^cD^CMineo oococno— iCNjr^co o" rCin"— T^in" ocfirf r^cococncococsjco cm lo cd to c\i 00 oo of LO o co" h* CD © cf IN © co" OO^NOOCOinMOCOCMM co^a)Cooco(Dooineocvirs eomcOftoor^oocMooro of co" in ■'3-" cd" oo" eo" irf oo" *3-" cm" oocMN-Hr-io^tn Nino <3- oo cd oooom co^rs —4* r-T CM" fH CM © oo" hf eo eo oo CD CM in r^io ^ cd" in in cm CM *4* cnT eo o CDOO CM erfun* O 00 CD r-H lONOOlOONlON ^rnrHCOinO^rt eo^3-CM«^-cDcor^oo lo" eo" o*oo cm" lo" erf e-T O lOCVJM-COCMrs co r-H eo o co o o LO © fi oo Ht © O CD O—I 1 —1 CD irf eo" CO— ' 00 CD o m M o cnfNco iQooinM- ' oo o eo r-Tcfr-f i of irf eo" erf iinWcnT — « CM O 1 CD LO CM 1 CM «— « *3- OO 1 CD CM 1 • — • cm" cm" 1 csf 1 csf «— T 1 1 1 1 00 s © 1^. © lo co co o oo co in cm a> i in nj-io i CM CD CM *=1- ^ CM •— 1 r>^ i CM CM OO 1 lo oo •— < fH o co cn oo eo oo i — • eo cd • csT«cr"r>r nooo ico oo" n-TrCco" ! o co cm oiocors cm ir^o > eOlOrH riio CO l *J* CO LO eo" o o © © o © fH ! 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CD o CD LO CO CD © 00 in co cdincmcooo— 'OrNiniNiNCD CMOOOOCn— 'OOOOOOr^CDOO eOOOCOCMeOCDOOOOO^J-CDCD crT cd cd" oo' lo" r>*T o" o" eo" eo" T cMNcooo^iorx^-cNrvooo LO^^fjooooinNcsjeoN r-f cm" irf cm"*-h" irfcsfr-T^-T ^ erfeo" © 8 cm" ©" fH ^tinMTvcMenftrsrsrH^-oooooio CDlOO^CONCO^CMOrH^-iOCDM-M' CO CD r^. CD O OO OO CD CM O O LO LO CD CM cd" in" — f cm" cm" cm" o" *3-" cd" r-T — f l o' OO* OO* *— " cM^t©ftr>.rHroiocor^coeocD*-^0 lONCDN^-iDrNMDOOOOrHrsO CM lo" CD CD o" £ in r- M ©" I o eo LO — < coVT O CD cd cm"co" o o o to «S a Table 4. — Revenue and nonrevenue receipts of suburban city school systems from Federal , State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by region. State, city-size group, and city; and capital outlay: 1955-56- — Continued 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Capital outlay New equipment 12 3 s 10, 438 21,670 45,913 19, 121 950, 115 222, 144 121, 512 606, 459 52, 056 30, 615 30, 615 fH Tf CM 12, 735 8, 706 12, 094 12, 094 12, 094 Sites, new buildings, additions and improve¬ ments 11 $558, 183 Lnr^ooco CO O LO CD cd cn »— • o cmctTl ncrT co to coo CM CM 5, 784, 584 1, 664, 520 1, 131, 627 2, 988, 437 25,594 24, 429 24, 429 1,165 991 ‘I 1,922 | 1, 922 1,922 Total 10 $655, 325 43, 373 78, 667 311,071 222, 214 6, 734, 699 1, 886, 664 1, 253, 139 3, 594, 896 77,650 | 55, 044 55, 044 22,606 13, 900 8, 706 14,016 | 14, 016 14,016 Total non¬ revenue receipts a> $2, 528 L%‘Z 191 PO 00 5 CO • CM CM i cn ' fH CM ! CM* CO ■ in cn ' o i LLZ 277 CM Other revenue receipts 00 $647, 659 30, 098 366,117 155,818 95, 626 1, 028, 679 150, 036 110, 093 768, 550 85,031 | 29, 819 29,819 55,212 27, 529 27, 683 67,157 j 67, 157 39, 442 27,715 Local Appro¬ priations o 00 CO CM* fH CO o © O 00 i o cn • in' n - cn h- o CD O 35, 000 O o o in* 36,000 o o o CD* CO Taxation o $3, 425,965 571,371 902, 341 646, 383 1, 305, 870 9, 617, 619 ■ H CO • r** • oo • h in' • cn oo i <7> CO i ri l>T 162,553 101, 339 101,339 61,214 61,214 697,297 697, 297 415, 361 281,936 County (inter¬ mediate) in $88, 364 20,114 20, 300 15,750 32, 200 10,286, 063 6, 232,471 3, 362, 306 691, 286 1,367,065 892, 933 892, 933 474,132 474, 132 15,290 © CM in fH o CD CM irf State $367,424 75, 743 98, 701 82, 835 110,145 10, 175, 863 1, 224, 354 1, 421, 798 7, 529, 711 780,301 75, 716 75,716 704,585 46, 264 658, 321 865,850 865,850 402,634 463,216 Federal w J l $6, 283, 977 2, 398, 048 2,477,456 1, 408, 473 21,064 21,064 *3- CD O 82, 221 82, 221 CM CM Total revenue receipts CM CM tf tA 697, 326 1, 387, 459 900, 786 1, 543, 841 37, 904, 581 10, 004, 909 9, 338, 394 18, 561, 278 2,487,014 1 1, 134, 807 1, 134, 807 1,352,207 | 609, 139 743, 068 1,727,815 j 1, 727, 815 857, 437 870, 378 Region, State, city-size group, and city iH WISCONSIN— Continued Group III... - - Cudahy . . . . . Shorewood . . . . South Milwaukee. . . . . Whitefish Bay . . South _ Group 1 _ Group II. . . Group III _ ALABAMA _ Group II _ _ Bessemer . . Group III _ _ Fairfield _ Phenix City . . GEORGIA _ Group III . . . . Decatur _ _ Marietta _ KENTUCKY Table 4. — Revenue and nonrevenue receipts of suburban city school systems from Federal , State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by region. State, city-size group, and city ; and capital outlay: 1955-56 — Continued 106 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Capital outlay New equipment a $10, 046, 534 Sal m IIS r B S3 LO K S3 9, 360, 964 1,223,610 59, 636 962, 817 201, 157 3,498,010 Sill ggSSISB mum Sites, new buildings, additions and improve¬ ments a $80,627,819 16,446,946 29,560,394 34, 620, 479 74,215,144 16,446,946 837, 162 12, 584, 060 3, 025, 724 28, 101, 247 652, 043 265, 486 404, 808 1, 849, 179 168, 197 874, 925 3, 401, 800 2, 100,611 15, 680 2,571,263 1,675, 181 3 o s $90,674,353 17,670 556, 33, 444, 330 39, 559, 467 LO £ S3 B So" LO E? S3 83, 576, 108 17, 670, 556 896, 798 13, 546, 877 3, 226, 881 31, 599, 257 707, 256 480, 989 437, 696 1,947,677 233, 176 1,005, 127 3, <556, 230 2,449,854 62. 128 2, 823, 709 1,826,413 Total non¬ revenue receipts • 565, 037, 502 iii ass I I 260,000 260,000 63, 252, 940 11,096,443 4, 093 10, 092, 350 1, 000, 000 16, 974, 365 R o> S3 |; ji 3 1111 Ills § O * Other revenue receipts CO $35, 174, 784 7,356,839 15,483,490 12,334,455 1 117,042 1 117,042 32, 779, 221 7, 356, 839 595, 111 4, 003, 316 2, 758,412 14,220,402 380, 029 565, 327 72, 224 1,044,858 315, 505 792, 138 1, 180, 655 920, 985 30, 817 501, 629 500, 343 I Appro¬ priations h* $1,011,341 3 Is r jtf 1,011,341 456,115 456,115 _ i ! S ! I j ; ! 1 Taxation CD $105, 812,165 19, 846, 451 45, 713, 772 40,251,942 1, 094, 743 1, 094, 743 1,094,743 101,416, 385 19, 846, 451 2, 521,137 10, 764, 417 6, 560. 897 44, 535, 522 100, 000 3, 218, 327 1,622, 570 3, 932, 733 730, 003 1, 734, 474 3, 783,159 1, 953. 448 1, 052, 241 2,405,978 1, 267, 660 County (inter¬ mediate) in 1 S' a 1,133,820 1, 530,476 7, 207, 693 1,012,774 1, 012, 774 1,012,774 7, 774, 992 1,133,820 5,918 415,815 712, 087 1, 167, 674 891, 080 12, 553 19, UUb 3,100 9,243 185, 563 8,048 Sr un oo co o O) m r- co — « cvj §¥ 1’i‘s’g sisal -T <-T cocsT -TevT § Ilsasl II Sails IS sal aslllss a I&Istf II & SSI ISSlIIS i ilii § ill g g||l s' j § III is Sii ¥ -TcnT-h* i ii Is ill ssISIIS il II all §1»’ g cvi ct> .-«* a> o »-« csi a> c d in cd cd cd r-<* o in cd r^.* in cd »-i oS cd cd cd ^ 06 cd cd r*.* *-I cr> — • ^ CO — « CVJ *— « r— . CVI CVJ — . CVJ «— • CVI *3" r-.r-.CNJ OJ CVI a>minr^cvioococococvicor^.oocococoino>cocvjoooooocNir^r^ocor^*3-»-^s®^'=-ffl ' .vmNNCO^tDf ■rvrv^tiooiM^CNj^^toicooo^rvco^^-^cvioo^inroinimoiOi-iOOcoini-Hinr^imor^oo in o aj a> cd in cnj od jdj od — « *3- in coco cvi o oooooooooooooooooooooooooor^oooooooooooocooooo gooooooooo^ooooWougoooooajoooogooooor^gcsjoooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo §§§§§§§§§§§o§§§o'So§o§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ : i : : : : at end of table. Table 5.— Percent distribution of receipts for public school systems in suburban cities: 1955-56 — Continued 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 11 O I CO o to CM I ICOOHOO I OO CD oo oo co cn i oocmcm • co oo cm oo oo co co o cm cm co «-h *4 .-I csi *-I comoo*crr^oocDoooooo*j*Lr> ocdtd*-«’cMCModcMO>*.-«’cdr^ oioa^^cMoo^CNjo^o*— «.-«oocor'»a>cocooor>* . rstoorHindd'H oor^c cm’ * cm co. *3* cm o oo cm r^* CO CD CD CM* CD ^ CM* co to r*- co co co CD to co co tn « id o • - cd lo CD cm r^. cm »-< cd cm oo ^tCOCMCOOCOOCDr ooimtooi ^ r OOCDLOOOUOLOOOCDC .r^UO^H^MDCOOOCDCOOOCD * CO* O lid OO CM CD . comcorHin-nr CT5 CD CM LT) ^ t cooa>rxoocMin to 00 CM CD CM* O OO CO CM CO CM COCOOO - OO CD CD* CM* r )HMnocooc oo co cm to oo cd* oo’ cd* o* cd* id CM CM CM OO •— « CO *-« CD I CD CM* CO* . o o o «Vdo‘ oor rood- » o cd o o o r*'- » * cm cd cm’ r^’ cd co c DOOIOCDDINDOD^O COO*hCVJOCONCS1« * oo id cd oo* od oo o r cm *— coco 5? 3 -gj ! s IS is* ® IS £ : 2 *drf CM OJCO 05 *-< 05 CM CM CM CD CMI^-h CO 05 05 10 CO -*3* lT5^f CM r-i CM O ^ «-HCM 05 uS CD CM IOC0 05 IT5 O ^ OO *— « CO CO CO CM iH OO !! i S i i S i ii ii : i: ii n n ii h n to to CO ass o r^. o co to 05r^ r^ococo ocooco •— »r^ co «3- to — < cm 05 S? 3K S& §S 5SSSS3 sss? S2 S£ NN I I I I INI I II II I II II I II II I II II : : i i : i : i : 222 8SS —< n co aiiri 1 r-^ in ir> r-. -i mines! in o- oo tom ev:co ■ co cvi o- «=rcoco cvio «sj-in —«t-« oicsj o do CO *— * I I I i Icvj cvi ; — : gS'g rftfg 050 ^OO 05 CO 005 ^5-0 r-H O 8 Sg SS sis 85SS sg2 sig ggj 2g Sg Table 5. — Percent distribution of receipts for public school systems in suburban cities: 1955-56 — Continued 118 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 119 ID O O CM LD cd ^ r — o • oo oop^^*cd^-o *— « id id cm CO CD CM CO CO — I CM CM ID CM CD oo CO P^* O — < «=*■ rHpH CM CM CO CM •— « CM r^o CD CD iDcsjrv^OfO K O CO cvi CT> CD cD«5fr^oo cDtDiD cd to cn oo oo oooo «— <* CO O CO •-« »-h *3" C> CD O CO ID* O CM O CD ^J-COCM— « iDr^ o o ID ID a> rsiho o CO OO CD CM r— « »— < O >r-^00 CD CM O O^tOl COLDOOO cd oo cn oooo ooo oooooo ooooo o © o o oooo o o o o o o o o o o o o ooo o o g o o o ooooo 8 o o o oooo o' 0*0* o o’ o* o* o’ fH 1-4 rH lH OO 0"> CM CO CO cdcdp* p*** i"** d d d d d ! .■^1 ! - !' "5 5 « | l ‘£•5 ; qqO j 50 ; O 5 G O Q 1 5Q | w 2*2 ! >>o | >»o ' ; s%j TO to <5 «i (5 *C "c *C "c~ 3 Jr ! " o «(/) o S to S O O O O O ^ § co | Jf E E -E,"c? E-= S EEEEEr c E-= ® E • ® 35 ElULUT^ O.OfO *•0 0)0 0)0) .5? 2: i ■ 1 1. j i . 1 1 . 1 1 , i -r- o a> .2?E 22 Oioo ‘ill 5SS U 1=S£ O o_o See footnote at end of table. Table 5. — Percent distribution of receipts for public school systems in suburban cities: 1955-56 — Continued 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 121 5 5'°' s'; «: ! * as a ia® “-as :s~a SS2 oiidomo “2 “ cmooo— *^cDr^cM cr> lo cr> coc'j ooorooorHO)LOro^-a)r-H^ o "*8* ill! ! i i : : ; : : : ! ; ! : ; : : ; : i i : ooooooo ascisss ss SS53555S ss-ssssa?: iss as- : ! co csjcn oo ^ > O OO CM CD CT> (D I CM ^ CM O CO O* OO* °‘ ; is : ! i!SS ! j ! i oo m risS - OO CM CO CO O •222saaa oo ir> oo oo o ir> -h co s““a2d-““d-o6ll“? s-2: s’ ssssa s s ss SS§agE5S§ OOOCMOiOm^O)OON^- {: SSS§ Is ooooo sssss II II I oooooooo II o § gggg goo o oooooooooooo o o o o 8 8 888888 8888 a . ''-d~ 1 ** u 1 ! 1 iiiiiii: 555 IS if : ! : : : II ! ! i : 2 ! Ill 111! : ; See footnote at end of table. Table 5. — Percent distribution of receipts for public school systems in suburban cities: 1955-56 — Continued 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION , 1954-56 31.4 I 55. 0 See footnote at end of table. Table 5. — Percent distribution of receipts for public school systems in suburban cities: 1955-56 — Continued 124 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 125 532939—60 - 10 Table 5. — Percent distribution of receipts for public school systems in suburban cities: 1955-56 — Continued 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 127 23.2 45.6 . . 2773 41.2 18.8 33.3 22.3 22.3 37.4 0.8 CO* ! °* o 10.2 CSJ o (') 1 9.4 7.9 13.1 7.7 7.1 0.8 9.9 13.7 13.7 8.3 21.5 18.8 j CM 24.5 ! ; oo 8.9 |j|||5| ! i i i ] i 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 i l i • i 1 i ! i i i i 1 i ' 1 l 1 i 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 ASSESS $8 31.2 31.2 24.4 40.6 197 ! 22.8 22.8 14.1 14.1 o iooo ! !o ! II roi 10.1 CO~h 1 j in LD 7.0 o in in 73.7 24.3 17.0 33.4 31.1 26.8 41.7 17.6 19.2 1 " *T) iH 17.4 21.8 38.5 35.2 35.2 44.2 44.2 CO CN1 ! ^ CM CNi^O j j 3.5 CMCSJ 1 OO si 10.4 !0. 4 1 16.9 100.0 76.8 54.4 100.0 72.7 58.8 81.2 66.7 77.7 77.7 62.6 99.2 _ *3.3 99.9 o*> a OO s oooooo oo §'§§§'§■§ §§ 0 001 100.0 0 001 0 001 0 001 100.0 100.0 | .00,. 0 001 Table 6. — Enrollment and personnel data in suburban county-unit public school systems: 1955-56 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 cr> co*t co c > CSI CO 1^. Kf CMC a 88 82 8888 8 883388 88888 - CO co »-H CM CO O r-H COO s sis 88 s8ss 8 83388 co er00 '=tec OVID'S- en cm cm in to in i~- o <-> ^ to oo . oi C> . r-~.‘ ir> c-^ to . 10 ^j-‘ uS *t -J to' in cvj . —I ^ z z «-< •-1— "-'z^ < <°°. 3 cn . OOtDMIv joooocnior^ oo oo — ■ ■ o > r-^ «3-' «3-' co' 00 cn to .to 3 ~3 82 3338 5? SS52SP: 28838 '3 52 3885 s 888K58 38888 8 2S 88 8|33 s s^sss 83S83 52 3832 a 28322^ £3228 g 3 ag 33 5233 § S5222£ 22828 J* to* —* co* omV® to* eJcoM-* •s-* co*cvT NwVfcjm" 5 38 3§ 8383 2 §85SSi 83328 ctT to* 2"°°' oo*^*r^*co* co* o* 00* eg* co cu* n-* coco**3:VW 8 33 83 8838 8 881888 585§>S 2 °°* 8^“ 88188 2 2*82222' ^2*^*2* 8 | S i i i l > !i i m ill LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 129 Table 7. — Distribution of teachers by salary group in suburban county - unit public school systems: 1955-56 All Number of teachers by salary group State and county teach¬ ers 1 Under $2,450 $2,450- $3,249 $3,250- $4,049 $4,050- $4,849 $4,850- $5,649 $5,650- $6,449 $6,450 and over l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12, 567 566 2, 220 4, 975 2, 729 1,362 497 218 COLORADO 749 29 377 140 159 44 GEORGIA Chattahoochee _ _ _ 14 4 10 Houston 258 46 177 20 6 7 2 LOUISIANA Jefferson. . _ _ . .. 755 33 209 314 167 32 St. Bernard 136 52 51 30 3 MARYLAND Anne Arundel _ _ _ 1,208 2, 500 1,928 85 420 326 331 27 19 Baltimore 81 831 720 321 377 170 Prince Georges . . _ _ _ 3 28 1,121 413 288 48 27 VIRGINIA Colonial Heights— Chesterfield _ _ 393 14 173 189 17 Fairfax 1,196 591 4 546 494 152 Henrico 6 307 174 98 6 Norfolk . _ _ .. . 545 105 245 104 91 Princess Anne 407 27 238 132 8 1 1 Roanoke 351 61 145 133 9 3 WEST VIRGINIA Brooke 200 8 60 106 21 5 Fayette 682 69 185 345 83 Hanrork 252 1 56 54 89 52 Wayne 402 189 136 58 17 2 ' Includes only those teachers reported by salary group. Table 8 .—Current expenditures in suburban county-unit public school systems , 1955-56 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Current •— Jjj c lei ZZ'c A.D.A. 12 $233. 58 265. 04 165. 78 163. 65 181.81 248. 35 244. 84 272. 69 287.01 263. 48 188. 15 188. 60 253. 22 206. 13 200. 74 155. 37 169. 74 200. 45 162. 79 230. 89 180. 10 164. 10 Average daily attend. l« S 385, 803 CM 336 6, 368 21,048 3, 858 26, 774 58, 170 48,819 46, 339 16, 773 11,006 31,357 14, 699 14, 939 13, 032 9, 392 5, 067 18,318 6,775 6, 241 9, 245 1 charges e rH $1, 119, 264 285, 902 1,776 14, 908 24, 673 9, 085 99, 921 131,646 79, 002 99, 574 40,893 30, 346 87, 696 39, 720 33, 022 19, 365 15, 189 26, 489 31,076 24, 844 13, 898 10, 239 1 school services CD $7, 332, 126 424, 924 5, 632 109,715 562, 676 138, 135 527, 139 1, 172, 034 999, 584 876, 128 144, 235 233, 663 509, 289 247. 448 295, 905 204, 045 135, 378 77. 407 295, 714 78, 608 127,519 166, 948 nance of plant 00 $4, 361, 047 239, 174 760 33,873 140,011 48, 227 231,295 900,677 630, 877 713, 498 183, 709 87, 193 383, 892 40, 598 124, 465 101,802 39, 492 22, 386 137, 400 168, 442 42, 208 91, 068 i f i II J-*S $8, 250, 024 470, 144 2, 947 82, 615 217, 542 59, 754 513, 099 1, 239, 361 1,417,892 1, 354, 618 267, 676 172, 637 815, 235 352, 137 253, 598 181,937 104, 378 132, 558 231,856 133, 853 125, 429 120, 758 = .E 2 Other CO $5,198,571 220,265 1,161 34, 798 75,311 9,110 321, 630 1, 186, 651 890, 623 859, 267 189, 039 78, 891 509, 054 158, 009 288, 327 61,672 36, 965 28, 297 111,443 64, 716 37, 868 35, 474 i 1 Salaries and wages m 561, 741, 475 2,803,787 39, 466 745, 392 2, 659, 436 657, 639 4, 702, 003 10, 946, 394 9, 644, 088 8, 109,416 2, 191,469 1, 433, 559 5, 443, 363 2, 147, 405 1,946,610 1,407,628 1,235,293 689, 100 2,090,688 1,059, 146 743, 348 1, 046, 245 o Total $66, 940, 046 3, 024, 052 40, 627 780, 190 2, 734, 747 666, 749 5, 023, 633 12,133, 045 10, 534,711 8, 968, 683 2, 380, 508 1,512, 450 5,952,417 2, 305, 414 2, 234, 937 1, 469, 300 1,272,258 717, 397 2, 202, 131 1. 123, 862 781,216 1,081,719 tration 3 $2, 112, 800 O o 3, 960 20, 848 147, 063 36, 183 160, 344 285, 682 349, 700 196, 772 138, 902 39, 429 191,649 44, 529 56, 860 48, 372 27, 476 39, 444 83, 768 34, 659 33, 751 46, 405 Total current expenditures CM $90, 115, 307 4, 571, 200 55, 702 1, 042, 149 3, 826,712 958, 133 6, 555, 431 15, 862, 445 14,011,766 12, 209, 273 3, 155, 923 2, 075,718 7, 940, 178 3, 029, 846 2,998, 787 2, 024, 821 1,594,171 1,015, 681 2,981,945 1, 564, 268 1, 124, 021 1,517, 137 Percentage Distribution LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 131 Appendix Form RSL-056 (Part I) Budget Bureau No. S1-R011.6 Approve! expires 12/31/57 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education, Washington 25, D. C. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1955-56 (OR YEAR ENDING _ ) PART I. - PERSONNEL REPORT NOTE: This report should cover ALL public tax-supported schools in the school system. Please read the instructions before completing the report. This report made by: Name _ Title SECTION A. - STAFF (Other than Instructional) Type of personnel Number of | Full-time ^ positions1 Part-time ) 1 2 3 1. Administrative personnel: (a) Superintendents^ . . . . . (b) Deputy and assistant superintendents and other administrative staff . (c) Clerics for administration . 2. Plant operation personnel: Janitors, engineers, watchmen, laborers, cleaning force, etc . 3. Plant maintenance personnel: Carpenters, plumbers, etc., on school payroll only 5 . 4. Other school services: la) Attendance personnel . (b) Health staff: Physicians, dentists, dental hygienists, nurses, etc . . (c) Pupil transportation personnel6 . (d) Food services personnel: Supervisors, cooks, servers, cashiers, bookkeepers, etc . (e) All other personnel: Student-body activities, community services, etc . SECTION B. - INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF AND CLERKS1 Type of school^ Super- visors1* Princi¬ pals1^ Classroom teachers1^ Other nonsuper- vis ary instruc¬ tional staff!) Clerks16 Male Female Full¬ time Part- time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Elementary^: (a) Kindergarten (incl. nursery) . (b) Elementary . 2. Secondary^ . 3. Junior colleges, normal schools, etc.111 . TOTAL FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS . 4. Adult education11 . . 5. Summer school (1955) . 132 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 133 SECTION C. - ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, AND NUMBER OF SCHOOLS Type of school? Number of pupils enrolled (net registra¬ tion excluding duplicates)! ' Average daily attendance 18 Aggregate days of attendance 19 Length of school term (in days)20 Number of schools?! 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Elementary**: (a) Kindergarten . 7 . (b) Elementary . 2. Secondary^; . 3. Colleges, etc.l°: . TOTAL FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS . 4. Adult education1* . 3. Summer school (1933) . SECTION D. - ENROLLMENT BY GRADE (Full-time Doy School ■ Only) — *V Grade Total enrollment 1, Elementary: Kindergarten (incl. nursery) . First . Second . Third . Fourth Fifth . Sixth . Seventh ■ Fighrh . . . ttl . Special elementary (ungraded) . TOTAL ELEMENTARY . Grade Total enrollment 2. Secondary (incl. junior high school): Seventh grade . Eighth . Ninth . Tenth . Eleventh . Twelfth . Special secondary . 1 Postgraduate . TOTAL SECONDARY . 3. College: Junior college . All other . SECTION E. - NOTES , S. GOVERNMENT PRtNTLNQ 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Form RSL-056 (Port II) Budget Bureau No. 51-R011.6 Approval exp ire a: 12/31/57 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education, Washington 25, D. C. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING _ _ , 1956 (Month) (Day) PART II. - FISCAL REPORT NOTE: This report should cover ALL public tax-supported schools in the public school system. Please read the in¬ structions before filling in. This report made by: Name _ Title _ SECTION A. - RECEIPTS AND BALANCES Item Total amount (Omit cents) 1. Balance on hand from previous fiscal year (include both revenue and nonrevenue balances, but exclude sinking fund): (a) For current operations . . . $ (b) For building reserve . 1 (c) For serial bond interest and redemption! . 1 (d) Total balances from previous year [Sum of (a), (b), and (c)] . *1 2. Revenue receipts:^ (a) Federal appropriations (received direct from Federal sources) . 1 (b) State taxes, apportionments, and appropriations (include Federal appropriations paid through the State)) 1 (c) County taxes and appropriations^ . $ (d) From local taxation (property, business, poll taxes, etc.)^ . 1 (e) Appropriations from local civil divisions, including city treasury^ . 1 (f) From separate tax levy by district, city, or county, for debt service7 . s (g) Transfers of funds from other school districts for tuition and transportation** . $ (h) All other revenue receipts (fines, penalties, gifts, bequests, rents, interest, tuition and transportation fees from patrons only, etc. Include only net receipts from lunchroom and from textbook sales)9 . < (i) Total revenue receipts [Sum of (a) through (h)] . s 3. Nonrevenue receipts: I® (a) From loans and bond sales II . s (b) All other nonrevenue receipts I7 . s (c) Total nonrevenue receipts [Sum of (a) and (b)] . $ 4. GRAND TOTAL OF ALL RECEIPTS AND BALANCES [Sum of 1 (d), 2 (i) and 3 (c)] . t LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 135 SECTION B. - EXPENDITURES Item 1. CURRENT EXPENSE Total amount (Omit cents) Full-time day schools: (a) Administration (1) Gross salaries1* (2) Supplies and other expenses (3) Total for administration [Sum of (1) and (2)] (b) Instructional staff— Gross salaries^ (1) Supervisors . (2) Principals (3) Classroom teachers (4) Other nonsupervisory instructional staff (5) Clerics (c) Instructional staff —Supplies and ocher expenses (d) Textbooks free to pupils^ (e) School libraries1 5 (f) Total for instruction [Sum of b(l to 3), c, d, and e] (g) Operation of plant (salaries, supplies, and expenses)1^ (h) Maintenance of plant (repairs and replacements, not capital outlay)1^ (i) Other school services (formerly ’Auxiliary services*): (l) Attendance services . (2) Health services (school physicians, dentists, nurses, etc.)1® (3) Transportation of pupils *9 (4) School lunch program (debit balances only) (5) All other school services (extra-curricular activities, etc.) (j) Fixed charges allocated to pupil costs^O (k) Subtotal of items (g) through (j) (1) Total current expenses for full-time day schools only [Sum of a(3), f, and k] Community services: (m) To aonpublic schools for attendance services, textbooks, supplies, transportation, etc. (n) Other community services: public libraries, public recreation, etc.^1 Fixed charges NOT allocated to pupil costs: (o) Transfers to other districts for tuition, transportation, and rent; tax refunds, etc. (p) Subtotal of items (m), (n), and (o) (q) Adult educational (r) Summer schools, 1933 (Instruction and other expenses) (s) Total current expenses [Sum of (1), (p), (q), and (r )] 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 2. CAPITAL OUTLAY (do NOT include maintenance of plant) (a) Sites, new buildings, additions, and improvements . (Omit cents) t (b) New equipment (include purchase of vehicles for transportation of pupils) . t (c) Total capital outlay [Sum of (a) and (b)] . s 3. DEBT SERVICE22 (If not available in office, please secure) (a) Redemption of short-term loans (exclude all money borrowed and repaid during the fiscal year) . $ (b) Redemption of school bonds: (1) Paid from current funds: Term bonds . $ Serial bonds . t Total . s (2) Paid from sinking funds: Term bonds . t Serial bonds . t (3) Paid by issue of new bonds to redeem old bonds . $ (c) Interest paid on indebtedness (bond and short-term loans): (1) Paid from current funds . i (2) Paid from sinking funds . $ (d) Amount paid into school sinking funds . t (e) Other items of debt serviced . s (f) Total expenditures from current funds for debt service [Sum of (a), (b 1), (c 1), (d), and (e)] t SECTION C. - BALANCES CARRIED TO NEXT YEAR (Include balances from both revenue and nonrevenue receipts) 1. For current operations . t 2. For building reserve . . . . . . . . . t 3, For serial bond interest and redemption^ . s 4. Total balances [Sum of 1 , 2 , and 3 ] . 1 GRAND TOTAL [Sum of B 1 (s), B 2 (c), B 3 (f), and C (4)]24 . $ SECTION D. - ORIGINAL COST OF PHYSICAL PLANT25 la. — Original cost lb. — Other basis (if data on original c :ost are not available) Amount Amount Cost of: Value of: (1) School sites . t (1) School sites . t (2) Buildings . t (2) Buildings . $ (3) Equipment . $ (3) Equipment. . $ Total . t Total . $ lc. — If you made entries in 1(b) above, what is the basis of valuation used? (Check one box below) | | Replacement value Qj Insurance value I j Present value £j Other basis. (Specify) _ SECTION E. - SCHOOL INDEBTEDNESS (Omit cents) 1. School bonds outstanding at close of fiscal year: Term bonds . $ Serial bonds . } Total . t 2. Other forms of school debt (e.g., unpaid teacher warrants, etc.) . J 3. Total amount in school sinking fund at close of fiscal year2^ . 1 4. Balance in serial bond and interest account* at close of fiscal year (Should equal item C 3) ... t K •. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 137 Form RSL-056 (Port III) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education, Washington 25, D. C STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1955-56 (OR YEAR ENDING _ ) budget Bureau No. 51-5703 Approval rxpicea 12/31/57 PART III. - SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT NOTE: This report should cover ALL public tar- supported schools io the school system. This report made by: Name A. PERSONNEL 1« CLASSROOM TEACHERS — This item refers to full-time day school classroom teachers, including both principals and supervisors who devote half or more of their time to teaching. Include also fall-time teachers who hold classes in makeshift quarters. (a) In the following table report the number of teachers in each level of school organization by sex, highest degree obtained, and type of teaching certificate. Count each teacher once in each of the three sections of the table: Level or type of organization Number of teachers Sex Highest degree obtained Type of teaching certificate Men Women Bachelor’s Master’s or higher No degree Fully certificated 1 Temporary or emergency certificate Nursery . Kindergarten . . . Elementary .... Junior high .... All other secondary . “Has a certificate representing full qualifications for the position held. (b) In the following table report the number of teachers in each level of school organization by years of experience (including school year 1955-56): 8 Level or type of organization Number of teachers with experience of — Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 years or more Elementary .... Junior high .... All other secondary ..... (c) In the following table report the number of teachers whose total (gross) annual salaries fall in each of the salary groups indicated below. Include as salary all adjustments and increments such as additional sums for dependents, foe service as coadh, librarian, etc. Salary groups Number of teachers Salary groups Number of teachers Under *2,050 . *4,850 to *5,249 . *2,050 to *2,449 . *5,250 to *5,649 . *2,450 to *2,849 . *5,650 to *6,049 . *2,850 to *3,249 . *6,050 to *6,449 . *3,250 to *3,649 . *6,450 to *6,849 . *3,650 to *4,049 . *6,850 to *7,249 . *4,050 to *4,449 . . *7,250 to *8,049 . *4,450 to *4,849 . *8,050 and over . . . . 138 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 A. PERSONNEL-contlnued 1. CLASSROOM TEACHERS-contlnuad (d) In the following table report the minimum and maximum salaries in accordance with your salary schedule, aod the number of years re¬ quired to attain the maximum salary. (NOTE: This question was designed to cover only the single-salary schedule. If your salary schedule cannot be described adequately in the table, please attach a Copy of your schedule to this report and go on to item 2.) Teachers with: Minimum salary Maximum salary No. of years required to attain maximum Less than bache¬ lor’s degree . s ) Bachelor’s degree $ $ Master's degree . . 1 < Master’s degree with additional training . , * Doctorate . * 1 (e) In general, does your salary schedule provide for the substitution of experience as an equivalent of a degree in determining a teacher’s salary? (Check one) YES □ NO □ If YES, please describe this provision briefly: 2. SPECIALIZED STAFF MEMBERS: (a) In the following table report the number of persons working in the specified positions during the 1955-56 school year: Type of position Guidance specialists or counselors (non-teaching) School psychologists . . . . Teachers of remedial reading . Physicians (including psychiatrists) . Dentists . Nurses . Librarians . Other (specify): Number employed (b) Are any health services provided to your school system by the local health department (or by any other agency)? (Check one) YES □ NO □ If YES, please explain briefly: (c) In the following table report the number of specialized staff members who teach part-time by the highest degree obtained and type of teaching certificate. Count each staff member once in each of the sections of the table. Specialized staff members Highest degree obtained Type of teaching certificate Bachelor’s Master’s or higher No degree Fully certificated1 Temporary or emergency certificate No certificate Librarians . Guidance workers . Paychologists . Superviaora . Principals . Has a cartificata representing full qualifications to teach. LI. V GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPEICS LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! SUBURBAN CITIES 139 B. REGULAR CLASSES 1. SCHOOL ORGANIZATION - What is the prevailing pattern of school organization in your school system? (check one) DOUBLE SESSIONS - Are any of the schools in your school system on double sessions? (check one) □ 6-3-3 □ 8-4 □ Other (specify) □ YES. □ NO If YES. how many pupils are involved? (Number) 3. CLASS SIZE - This item is concerned with regular full-time elementary and secondary classes (including those held in makeshift quarters) for the 1955-56 school year as follows: For elementary: INCLUDE all regular classes in full-time day schools. EXCLUDE nursery school, kindergarten, shop, chorus, playground, home economics laboratory, physical education, assembly, etc. For secondary: INCLUDE all classes in secondary-school subjects which are taught in regular classrooms, for example: English, general science, physics, biology, shorthand, French, Latin, etc. EXCLUDE laboratory sessions, shop, physical education, band, chorus, assembly, and ", home room periods * unless regular subject instruction is conducted in these periods. (a) In the following table report the NUMBER OF CLASSES (as defined above) by the size of class, i.e., the number of classes which contain fewer than 10 pupils, 10 to 19 pupils, 20 to 24 pupils, etc. Level or type of organization Number of classes with — Total number of classes Under 10 pupils 10-19 pupils 20-24 pupils 25-29 pupils 30-34 pupils 35-39 pupils 40-44 pupils 45-49 pupils 50 or more pupils Elementary . Junior high . All other secondary . Number of classes None (b) Report the number of classes, of the Elementary . . □ totals shown above, which were held in makeshift quarters such as gymna- . siums, auditoriums, basements, halls. Junior high . . □ cafeterias, etc. If none, check box. All other secondary . . C. SPECIAL CLASSES AND FACILITIES 1. SPECIAL CLASSES — INDICATE (check) whether there were any special classes (either in full-time day schools or in special schools) during the 1955-56 school year for the following: Mentally retarded: educable . .... □ Partially seeing . • □ other . .... □ Crippled . . ■ □ Mentally gifted . .... □ Other: (specify) Speech defective . . . , .... □ Hard of bearing . .... □ If special classes were not conducted in your school system, describe other arrangements (if any) for handling the above groups: LIBRARIES - The following questions refer to the Libraries in your school system: (a) How many volumes (excluding texts) were added to libraries during the 1955-56 school year? (Number added) (b) How much money was expended during the 1955-56 school year for salaries of librarians? Amount Full-time librarians . 3 _ Part-time librarians . 3 _ Total . 3 _ 3. OTHER FACILITIES - Does your school system: (check one) YES NO (a) Offer adult education classes? ! . Q Q (b) Have a program of organized intramural sports in any school? . □ □ (c) Offer the following types of summer activity: Playground open, no supervisor or attendant . □ □ Organized summer playground, pro¬ fessional attendant in charge . □ □ Regular summer classes in secondary school . □ □ 140 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 D. CURRICULUM (These questions refer to qrades 9, 10, 11, and 12 In secondary schools.) 1. SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL COURSES - Check the courses which were offered in any of the grades 9 through 12 in your secondary schools. Check only those courses in which students were enrolled during the 1955-56 school year. For courses offered in alternate years, indicate this fact in space for COMMENTS. German . . Shorthand . . French, third year . . Typing . . Spanish, third year . . Other commercial courses (please list) Latin, third year . . . Advanced general sciences . _ _ _ Chemistry . . . Physics . . . . Biology (including botany, - zoology, and physiology)... _ * • • • • Intermediate algebra Economics . . Advanced algebra . . Retailing . . Trigonometry . Business arithmetic . . Solid geometry .... Bookkeeping . . • • • • • Office practice . . World literature . . . . Commercial law . . Psychology . Electronics . . Aircraft mechanics . . Auto mechanics . . Printing . . Machine shop . . Other trade and industrial courses (please list) Vocational agriculture Driver education .... Band or orchestra . Chorus or glee club COMMENTS: 2. LABORATORY WORK — In the following table report the number of laboratory 3. courses, the total number of weekly laboratory periods, the total number of pupils, and the expenditures for supplies for each science subject: Subject Laboratory work Number of courses Total periods each week1 Total number of pupils Expenditures for supplies3 Biology . Physics . Chemistry . . General science . . Other science (specify): Total3 SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHERS - Report the number of teachers who teach courses in sci¬ ence and/or mathematics at grade level 9 or above. Include all such teachers regardless of whether they teach other courses or only science and/or mathematics courses. Science and mathematics teachers: (Number) Science teachers: (Number) Mathematics teachers: (Number) ^Report the total Dumber of laboratory periods for each subject. If your system has time arrangements other than “periods each week" please explain in SUPPLEMENTARY REMARKS below. 2Sbow amount expended from current funds in the 1955-56 school year for consumable supplies purchased for esch science laboratory course listed. Show total if classification by type of course available. E. SUPPLEMENTARY REMARKS (Indicate item number to which reference is made.) LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 141 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D. C. SURVEY OF CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1955*56 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING FORM RSL-056 • PART I - PERSONNEL REPORT INTRODUCTION Please read the following instructions carefully before filling in the form. This report should cover the school year 1955-56, which in most cases also coincides with the fiscal year. When the fiscal year differs from the school year, every effort should be made to have the data reported on the several parts of the form reflect activity in a single time period. Space has been provided in the heading for indicating the time period covered by the report. Carefully prepared current estimates will be accepted if data are not available for any item. Enter a dash (-) in any item which is not applicable to your school system and a zero (0) in applicable items for which the amount to be reported is zero. Do not leave items blank. If data are available for a combination of items, but are not available for the items individually, bracket the items and report the combined figure. ITEMS ON THE REPORT FORM (Sn superior numbers on questions) 1. Number of Positions.— Entries in Sections A and B should be based on the staffing pattern of the school administrative unit during the school year 1955-56. A position which has been occupied by several different indi¬ viduals during the year should be recorded as only one position. Do not report vacant positions. If an employee served in more than one position (for example, superintendent, supervisor, and teacher), he (or she) should be re¬ ported in the position to which the greatest part of the total time was devoted. If his (or her) time was divided equally, report the position which requires the highest salary according to the salary schedule. If the time of employees who serve in several capacities during the school year is prorated among several positions, the fractional service should be totaled and reported in full-time equivalents. 2. Full-time.— Include as full-time all positions that require work for the prescribed number of hours per week for a full school year or calendar year. 3. Port-time.— If you can estimate the fractional part of the year represented by part-time positions, the sum of these should be reported as full-time equivalents in the full-time column (column 2 ). If you cannot, include as part-time all positions the duties of which require less than full-time service. 4. Superintendents.— The superintendent may also be a principal of a school building and, in a small system, may do some teaching. If he teaches more than half-time, he should be reported as a classroom teacher; if he devotes at least half of his time to administration of the school system, he should be reported as a superintendent (not as a principal). 5. Maintenance Staff.— Do not include maintenance people under contract for this service. 6. Pupil Transportation Personnel. -Include bus drivers and others employed by the school board to transport public-school pupils. Exclude contract service. If both public- and private-school pupils are transported at public expense and expenditures for public and private service are separate entries in part II, schedule B, the transporta¬ tion employees should be prorated and the public-school part only included here. 7. Type of School.— Include special schools and classes in the *type of school* category in which they belong, for example, pupils and teacher in a fifth-grade class for speech-defective children will be classified as ‘elementary*. 8. Elementary. -Report in item *a” for all definitely organized kindergartens supported in whole or in part by public-school funds, even if they are housed in the same building with other elementary-school classes or high-school classes. Include here, also, subprimary and preprimary classes, and all definitely organized prekindergarten programs of education, either half- or fulKiay. - Report in item *b* for all elementary schools. Include both elementary schools that are part of a reorganized school system (those followed by junior, junior-senior, or undivided 5- and 6-year high schools) and elementary schools in systems organized on the traditional 8-4 or 7-4 plan. Include special schools and classes for groups of *excepcional* children doing work of elementary-school level. 532939—60 - 11 142 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 9. Secondary. -Report for all types of public high schools, junior, junior-senior, senior, undivided 5- and 6-year, regular, vocational, and trade high schools. Include special schools and classes for groups of 'exceptional* children doing work of secondary-school level. 10. Collages and Normal Schools. -Report for only those junior colleges, colleges, universities, and normal schools which are controlled by the board of education which controls elementary and secondary schools. Do not include schools controlled by a separate board of trustees. 11. Adult Education. -Include here only organized publicly-supported, educational programs which provide oppor¬ tunity for adults and out-of-school youth to further their education, such as, continuation classes, day and evening adult schools, and veterans’ education courses. Do not include on this line activities which are primarily social or recreational. 12. Suporvisors.-Include under supervisors those persons who give half or more than half their time to the super¬ vision of instruction in special subjects and grades (or prorate) such as supervisors of manual training, home economics, music, etc., kindergartens, elementary grades, etc. Supervisors who give more than half their time to teaching should be reported as classroom teachers. In case supervisors divide their time between two types of schools, such as ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, prorate those supervisors according to the portion of their time given to each type of school. Do not include here itinerant teachers of music, art, penmanship, etc.; they should be reported as classroom teachers. 13. Principals. -Include principals of groups and districts and principals of buildings or similar units, such as principals of high schools, elementary schools, etc., who devote half or more than half their time to administration and supervision of instruction (or prorate). Principals or 'head teachers” who devote more than half their time to teaching should be reported as classroom teachers (or prorated). For purposes of this report, deans of colleges are to be reported in this column. 14. Classroom Teachers and Teaching Positions.— This is the number of classroom teaching positions actually filled in schools of a school system and is usually less than the number of different teachers employed during the year. Include substitute and itinerant teachers who are employed continuously throughout the school year. Also in¬ clude 'Head Teachers”. Do not include vacant positions. In case a position has been held part of the year by a man and part of the year by a woman, count the one by whom the position was filled the greater part of the year. 15. Other Nonsupervlsory Instructional Staff. -Include school librarians, guidance personnel (such as counselors, placement counselors, and guidance specialists), and psychological personnel (such as psychologists and psychome- trists). 16. Clerks. -Include stenographic and clerical workers assigned to supervisors, principals, classroom teachers, and the nonsupervisory instructional staff. 17. Pupils Enrolled.-Include the total number of different boys and girls whose names are on the school registers for the school year 1955-56, counting each name but once. For purposes of this report, if pupils are transferred during the year from one school to another within the same school system, they should be counted as enrolled only by the school first attended. Pupils who are promoted during the year should be counted only once and at the grade level first attended. 18. Avorag# Dally Attendance. -The average number of pupils actually present each day the schools were in session during the school year 1955-56 should be computed by dividing the aggregate days of attendance by the length of school term (in days) for each school. To secure average daily attendance for a group or system of schools, add together the average daily attendance of each school in the group or system. 19. Aggregate Days of Attendance. -This is the sum of all the days actually attended by all the pupils in the schools during the entire school year. In kindergartens and in ocher schools, where, because of overcrowded condi¬ tions or for other reasons, the attendance is limited to half-day sessions only, count each person present a full day. (This does not refer to part^ime or continuation schools.) Days on which schools were closed for any purpose what¬ ever should not be included in ascertaining aggregate days of attendance. 20. Length of School Term (In Days). -This should include only the number of days that the schools were actually open for instruction. Do not include legal or religious holidays on which schools were not in session, or days on which schools were closed for inclement weather, teacher institutes, or any other reason or cause. In a school system having different lengths of school year in its various units, the average number of days of all day schools is found by dividing the aggregate attendance in days of all day schools in the system by the average daily attendance in all day schools in the system. 21. Number of Schools.— A 'school,* for reporting purposes, is a division of the school system (a) consisting of a group of pupils comprising one or more grades, (b) organized as a single unit with one or more teachers to give instruction of a defined type or level, and (c) housed in a school plant of one or more buildings. More than one 'school' may be housed in one school plant, as is the case when the elementary and secondary programs are housed in the same school plant. on. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 105? 0-0211)7 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 143 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D. C. SURVEY OF CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING FORM RSL-056 PART II - FISCAL REPORT INTRODUCTION Please read the following instructions carefully before filling in the items on the Form. This report is for the fiscal year, which in most cases also coincides with the school year 1955*56. When the fiscal year differs from the school year, every effort should be made to have the data reported on the several parts of the form reflect activity in a single time period. Space has been provided in the heading of each part for indicating the time period covered by the report. Carefully prepared current estimates will be accepted if data are not available for any item. Enter a dash (-) in any item which is not applicable to your school system and a zero (0) in applicable items for which the amount to be reported is zero. Do not leave items blank. If data are available for a combination of items, but are not available for the items individually, bracket the items and report the combined figure. If special districts with powers to levy taxes and/or sell bonds for school building purposes exist within the school system, the receipts, balances, indebtedness, and expenditures of these special districts should be included with the comparable accounts for the school system in the preparation of this report. Exclude all data for self-sustaining, tuition-supported schools of all types even though they are conducted in public buildings. When specific services to schools (e.g., health, lunch, textbooks, etc.) are provided by a State, county, town, or city department other than this school system, the value of these services should be obtained, if available, or estimated and the amount should be included as an appropriation in receipts (Section A) and as an expenditure (Section B). After you have completed Part II, please reconcile the salary amounts shown in Section Bl(b) with the comparable positions reported in Part I, Section B. If average salary computed for each type of position reveals inconsistencies with relation to your salary schedule, please make the appropriate adjustments in the reports. 144 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 ITEMS ON THE REPORT FORM (See superior numbers on questions) - SECTION A • 1. Serial Bond Interest and Redemption Account.— This is the account set up for handling the proceeds of annual revenue for interest and/or the retirement of serial bonds. The balance in this account is the difference between the collections of current money to meet the fiscal year’s debt service expenses on serial bonds and the payments for the same fiscal year. 2. Revenue Receipts.— Report as revenue receipts all receipts which do not result in increasing school indebt¬ edness or in the depletion of school property. All revenue receipts should be net. Include as appropriations the actual amounts, if available, or the estimated cost of services (health, recreation, lunch program, etc.) furnished your school system by other departments of Government. 3. State Moneys. -Report all school revenue paid into the State treasury and distributed therefrom on a different basis from that on which it was collected, i.e., the city usually received an amount either greater or less than the amount paid by the city to the State. Include Federal vocational aid paid through the State. 4. County Moneys.— Report all school revenue raised by the county, which is distributed to the city for the support of the city schools. A county-unit school district receiving revenues from its own tax levies and from ap¬ propriations of the regular county government should report receipts from the county government in item 2(c) and its own tax-levy income in item 2(d). 5. Local Taxation. -Report all moneys raised by local (i.e., town, township, district, or city) taxation on per¬ sonal property or real estate, on public and private utilities, from business taxes, and from poll taxes. Specific school taxes should be carefully distinguished from appropriations which may be alloted to the city for school purposes but which have NOT been specifically collected as school taxes. Item 2(d) should include not only the taxes raised for meeting the current expenses of the school system but also the taxes collected for the construction of school buildings and purchase of sites and of equipment (capital outlay). Exclude debt obligations if a separate tax is levied for debt service. 6. Local Appropriations.— Report the appropriations from the municipal treasury to increase the money available for municipal schopl purposes. In fiscally dependent school systems, all local moneys should be reported here, except moneys for debt service. 7. Tax Levy for Debt Service. -Report here all moneys raised specifically for meeting debt obligations whether by a special tax for school debt service only or a city or county tax for this purpose. Debt obligations include the accumulation of a sinking fund, retirement of bonds, payment of interest on indebtedness, etc. 8. Transfers of Funds. -Report all school moneys transferred from other county or local school systems. It will generally inolude tuition money for instruction and transportation fees. Exclude tuition from patrons, which should be included in item 2(h). 9. All Other Revenue Receipts. -Include all fines and penalties, all gifts, bequests, and contributions to the school system, all receipts from the rent of school buildings and school lots, all interest on bank deposits and invest¬ ment funds, and all tuition and transportation fees paid by school patrons (not tuition money transferred from another district, town, city, or county). Include the net profit only accruing from lunchrooms, textbook transactions, etc., carried on with school funds. 10. Nonrevenue Receipts. —All such receipts either incur indebtedness, which must be paid at some future date, or result in decreasing the amount and value of the school property. 11. Receipts from Loons and Bonds Sales. -Report here all receipts from bond sales negotiated during the fiscal year but do not report new bonds which were issued to redeem old bonds. Include short-term loans obtained and not repaid during the fiscal year and exclude loans which are repaid during the fiscal year. 12. All Other Nonrevenue Receipts. -Report here all moneys received from the sale of school buildings and grounds, sale of library books, furniture, scientific apparatus, automobiles, trucks, machinery, fuel, or other property belonging to the school system. Include the proceeds of insurance adjustments. Receipts from the sale of items purchased for sale during the school year should not be included. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS I SUBURBAN CITIES 145 - SECTION B - 13. Gro*« Solaria*. —Report the total amount paid before any withholdings are made for retirement, for taxes, and for the purchase of bonds, health insurance, etc. 14. Textbook* Free to Pupils. -Report here only payments for textbooks furnished free to all public school pupils; payment for textbooks furnished free to indigents only should be charged to ■All Other School Services," [l(iX5)}. 15. School Libraries.— Report the cost of supplementary textbooks and also magazines, reference books, supplies, etc., supplied to the school Library when paid for out of school funds. The initial cost of books for a new library, as well as large additions, should be reported under " Capital Outlay." The expenses of maintaining and operating public libraries supported by funds from the board of education and to which pupils may have access, should be reported under "Other community services," [l(n)]. Salaries of librarians should be reported under ‘Other nonsupervisory instructional staff,” [lb(4)]. 16. Operotlon of School PI ant. -Report here expenditures for keeping all school buildings open and ready for use, janitorial salaries, fuel, light, water, supplies, etc. Include here cost of operation of an administration building. 17. Maintenonce of School Plant.— Report here expenditures made for the restoration of any piece of property (grounds, buildings, or equipment) to its original condition of completeness or efficiency. This includes the repair of buildings and upkeep of grounds and repairs and replacements of old or worn-out equipment. Include the cost of all labor and materials. Include here cost of maintenance of an administration building. Do not include expenditures for improvement of grounds in the nature of permanent equipment, all of which should be included under "Capital Outlay." 18. Health Services. -Include here also an estimate of the value of health services if provided to the school system by the State, county, city, or town health department; and be sure to include an identical amount as an ap¬ propriation in receipts (Section A). 19. Transportation of Pupils.— Include all current expenditures out of school funds for the transportation of pupils to and from public school, including the hire, operation and maintenance of vehicles; streetcar fares; allow¬ ances in lieu of transportation; etc. The purchase of vehicles for transportation of pupils should be charged to "Capital Outlay." Expenditures for transporting private-school pupils at public school expense should be estimated and reported as "services to nonpublic schools" under Community Services [1(2)]. 20. Fixed Charges Allocated to Pupil Costs. -Include all payments made directly by the city, town, or county school system (or indirectly for its account) for such recurrent charges as rent, teacher retirement, insurance, taxes (if any), etc. For example, in Ohio and New York the transaction may be consummated by the State through the deduction from State apportionment funds of the amount due as the contribution on the annual teachers’ retirement item far a district. Make the necessary adjustments in your income report so that this amount can be shown as an appropriation to the retirement fund. Include rent paid to the State or Local School Building Authority. Exclude funds deducted from the salaries of teachers; these should have been reported above under "Teachers’ Salaries.” 21. Other Community Service*. -Report here only the payments made by the Board of Education to such school- community activities as public libraries, recreation, etc. Exclude costs of organized adult education programs— continuation classes, day and evening adult schools, and Veterans’ education courses— which should be reported in [Bl(q)] below. 22. Debt Service.— If these items are not available in your office, please secure the necessary data for this report from the local official handling such records (city, town, or county auditor, treasurer, etc.) so that further cor¬ respondence will be unnecessary. When this is done, please make proper entries in item Al(d) to cover these expen¬ ditures. 23. Other Items of Debt Service. —Include expenses incurred in connection with debt service, such as fees paid to paying agents. 146 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 - SECTION C • 24. GRAND TOTAL. -This figure represents the grand total of expenditures for current expenses, capital outlay, and debt service (exclusive of sinking funds) plus the total balances carried to next year. It must equal the grand total of all receipts and balances (see Section A item 4). If it does not, please recheck the entries. • SECTION D • 25. Original Cost of Physical Plant.-In order to maintain uniformity among city and county reports, please supply the original cost of school property. If data are available only on a basis ocher than original cost, enter the values in item 1 b and answer question 1 c. 26. Sinking Funds.— These are funds set up for the purpose of accumulating moneys over a period of years for the redemption of long-term obligations at maturity. Accounts established for handling annual revenue for interest and/or the retirement of serial bonds are not sinking funds. Payments out of interest and bond funds should be reported as payments from current funds in items B3(b)(l) and B3(c)(l). Note that separate lines are provided in Section E for reporting balances in sinking fund and in serial bond and interest accounts. #U. S. OOVEBHMENT PR IN TWO OmilDS? 0-4JUJ* Standard Metropolitan Areas and Central Cities 1 Standard Metropolitan Areas. — It has long been recognized that for many types of social and economic analysis it is necessary to con¬ sider as a unit the entire population in and around the city whose activities form an integrated social and economic system. Before the 1950 Census, areas of this type had been defined in somewhat different ways for different purposes and by various agencies. Examples were the 1 ‘metropolitan districts” of the Census of Population, the “indus¬ trial areas” of the Census of Manufactures, and the “labor market areas” used by the Bureau of Employment Security. The usefulness of data published for any of these areas was limited by their lack of comparability. Accordingly, the Federal Committee on Standard Metropolitan Areas, composed of representatives of interested Federal agencies, including the Bureau of the Census, and sponsored by the Bureau of the Budget, established the “standard metropolitan area” so that a wide variety of statistical data might be presented on a uniform basis. Since counties, rather than minor civil divisions, are used as the basic component of standard metropolitan areas (except in the New England States), it was felt that many more kinds of statistics could be compiled for counties than for areas such as the formerly established metropolitan districts, which were not defined in terms of counties. Except in New England, a standard metropolitan area is a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more. In addition to the county, or counties containing such a city, or cities, contiguous counties are included in a standard metropolitan area if according to certain criteria they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and economi¬ cally integrated with the central city. The criteria of metropolitan character relate primarily to the character of the county as a place of work or as a home for concen- 1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Census of Population: 1950. Vol. II, “Charac¬ teristics of the Population,” Part 1, United States Summary, Introduction, p. 27-28. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953. 486 p. 147 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 trations of nonagricultural workers and their dependents. Specifically, these criteria are: 1. The county must (a) contain 10,000 nonagricultural workers, or (b) con¬ tain 10 percent of the nonagricultural workers working in the standard metropolitan area, or (c) have at least one-half of its population residing in minor civil divisions with a population density of 150 or more per square mile and contiguous to the central city. 2. Nonagricultural workers must constitute at least two- thirds of the total number of employed persons of the county. The criteria of integration relate primarily to the extent of economic and social communication between the outlying counties and the central county as indicated by such items as the following: 1. Fifteen percent or more of the workers residing in the contiguous county must work in the county containing the largest city in the standard metropolitan area, or 2. Twenty-five percent or more of the persons working in the contiguous county must reside in the county containing the largest city in the stand¬ ard metropolitan area, or 3. The number of telephone calls per month to the county containing the largest city of the standard metropolitan area from the contiguous county must be four or more times the number of subscribers in the contiguous county. In New England, the city and town are administratively more important than the county, and data are compiled locally for such minor civil divisions. Here towns and cities were the units used in defining standard metropolitan areas, and most of the criteria set forth above could not be applied. In their place, a population density criterion of 150 persons or more per square mile, or 100 persons or more per square mile where strong integration was evident, has been used. Central Cities. — -Although there may be several cities of 50,000 or more in a standard metropolitan area, not all are necessarily cen¬ tral cities. The largest city in a standard metropolitan area is the principal central city. Any other city of 25,000 or more within a standard metropolitan area, having a population amounting to one- third or more of the population of the principal city, is also a central city. However, no more than three cities have been defined as cen¬ tral cities of any standard metropolitan area. The name of every central city is included in the name of the area, with the exception that in the case of the New York-Northeastern New Jersey Standard Metropolitan Area, “Jersey City” and “Newark” are not part of the name. Suburban Cities by Region 9 State9 and Population- Size Group , and Suburban County-Unit School Systems by State (Population size group is based on the 1950 Census of Population. The groups are: Group I — 100,000 or more, Group II — 25,000 to 99,999, and Group III — 10,000 to 24,999) Suburban Cities NORTHEAST Connecticut East Hartford (town) II Hamden (town) II Manchester (town) II Naugatuck III Stratford (town) II West Hartford (town) II West Haven (town) II Maine South Portland III Westbrook III Massachusetts Arlington (town) II Attleboro III Belmont (town) II Beverly II Brookline (town) II Cambridge I Chelsea II Chicopee II Dedham (town) III Everett II Framingham (town) II Lynn II Malden II Marblehead (town) III Medford II Suburban Cities — Continued NORTHEAST— Continued Massachusetts — Continued Melrose II Milton (town) III Needham (town) III Newton II Northampton II Norwood (town) III Peabody III Quincy II Revere II Salem II Saugus (town) III Sommerville I Stoneham (town) III Swampscctt (town) III Wakefield (town) III Waltham II Watertown II Wellesley (town) III Westfield III Winchester (town) III Winthrop (town) III Woburn III Rhode Island Central Falls III Cranston II East Providence (town) II North Providence (town) III 149 150 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Suburban Cities — Continued Suburban Cities — Continued NORTHEAST— Continued MIDDLE ATLANTIC— Continued Rhode Island — Continued Pawtucket II Warwick II West Warwick (town) III Woonsocket II MIDDLE ATLANTIC New York Cohoes III Endicott III Floral Park III Freeport III Garden City III Glen Cove III Johnson City III Kenmore III Kings Park III Lackawanna II Lockport II Long Beach III Lynbrook III Mamaroneck III Mineola III Mount Vernon II New Rochelle II Niagara Falls II North Tonawanda III Ossining III Peekskill III Port Chester III Rensselaer III Rockville Center III Rye III Scarsdale III Tonawanda III Valley Stream II (Hempstead) Water vliet III Yonkers I White Plains II New Jersey Bayonne II Belleville II Bergenfield III New Jersey — Continued Bloomfield II Burlington III Camden I Carteret III Cliff side Park III Clifton II Collingswood III Cranford (township) III Dover III Dumont III East Orange II East Paterson III Elizabeth I Englewood III Fairlawn III Fort Lee III Garfield II Gloucester City III Hackensack II Haddonfield III Harrison III Hawthorne III Hillside (township) III Hoboken II Irvington II Kearny II Linden II Lodi III Lyndhurst (township) III Madison III Maplewood (township) II Millburn (township) III Montclair (town) II Morristown III New Brunswick II North Arlington III North Bergen (township) II North Plainfield III Nutley II Orange II Passaic II Paterson I Pennsauken (township) III Perth Amboy II Phillipsburg III Plainfield II Pleasantville III LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 151 Suburban Cities — Continued MIDDLE ATLANTIC— Continued New Jersey — Continued Princeton III Rahway III Ridgefield Park III Ridgewood III Roselle Park III Rutherford III Sayreville III Somerville III South River III Summit III Teaneck (township) II Union City II Union (township) II Verona III Weehawken (township) III Westfield III West New York (town) II West Orange (town) II Woodbridge (township) II Woodbury III Pennsylvania Abington (township) II Aliquippa II Ambridge III Arnold III Baldwin (township) III Beaver Falls III Bellevue III Bethel III Braddock III Brentwood III Bristol III Canonsburg III Carbondale III Carlisle III Carnegie III Cheltenham (township) III Chester II Clairton III Coatesville III Columbia III Conshohocken III Coraopolis III Suburban Cities — Continued MIDDLE ATLANTIC— Continued Pennsylvania — Continued Darby III Donora III Dormont III Duquesne III Dunmore III Ellwood City III Greensburg III Hanover III Hanover (township) III Harrison (township) III Haverford (township) II Homestead III Jeannette III Kingston III Lansdowne III Latrobe III Lower Merion (township) II McKeesport II McKees Rocks III Monessen III Mount Lebanon (township) II Munhall III Nanticoke III New Kensington II Norristown II North Braddock III Phoenixville III Pittston III Plains (township) III Plymouth III Pottstown III Ridley (township) III Shaler (township) III Springfield (township) III Steelton III Stowe (township) III Swissvale III Turtle Creek III Upper Darby (township) II Washington II West Chester III West Mifflin III Wilkinsburg II Yeadon III 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Suburban Cities — Continued Suburban Cities — Continued EAST NORTH CENTRAL EAST NORTH CENTRAL— Con. Ohio Alliance II Barberton II Bellaire III Berea III Bexley III Campbell III Cleveland Heights II Cuyahoga Falls II East Cleveland II Euclid II Garfield Heights III Girard III Ironton III Lakewood II Maple Heights III Martins Ferry III Massillon II Niles III Norwood II Painesville III Parma II Rocky River III Shaker Heights II South Euclid III Struthers III Warren II Xenia III Indiana East Chicago II Gary I Hobart III Hammond II Jeffersonville III Mishawaka II New Albany II Illinois Alton II Aurora II Belleville II Berwyn II Blue Island III Illinois — Continued Brookfield III Calumet City III Chicago Heights III Cicero II Collinsville III Des Plaines III Downers Grove III East Alton 1 III East Moline III East St. Louis II Elgin II Elmhurst III Elmwood Park III Evanston II Evergreen Park III Forest Park III Glenview III Granite City II Harvey III Highland Park III Joliet II La Grange III Maywood II Melrose Park II Oak Park II Park Ridge III Pekin III River Forest III Skokie III Waukegan II Wheaton III Wilmette III Winnetka III Wood River 1 III ichigan Allen Park III Berkeley III Birmingham III Dearborn II East Detroit III East Lansing III Ecorse III Ferndale II 1 East Alton is not a suburban city. However, it is combined with Wood River for the high school district. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: SUBURBAN CITIES 153 Suburban Cities — Continued EAST NORTH CENTRAL — Con. Michigan — Continued Grosse Pointe II Hamtramck II Hazel Park III Highland Park II Inkster III Lincoln Park II Mount Clemens III Pontiac II River Rouge III Roseville III Royal Oak II St. Clair Shores III Wyandotte II Wisconsin Cudahy III Shorewood III South Milwaukee III Wauwatosa II West Allis II Whitefish Bay III WEST NORTH CENTRAL Minnesota Hibbing III Richfield III Robbinsdale III South St. Paul III St. Louis Park III Virginia III Iowa Cedar Falls III Council Bluffs II Missouri Clayton III Ferguson III Independence II Jennings III Kirkwood III Maplewood III Overland III Suburban Cities — Continued WEST NORTH CENTRAL— Con. Missouri — Continued St. Charles III University City II Webster Groves III Kansas Kansas City I SOUTH ATLANTIC Virginia Alexandria II Arlington I South Norfolk III Georgia Decatur III Marietta III EAST SOUTH CENTRAL Kentucky Covington II Fort Thomas III Newport II Tennessee Oak Ridge II Alabama Bessemer II Fairfield III Phenix City III WEST SOUTH CENTRAL Texas Baytown III Highland Park III Pasadena III Texas City III White Settlement III 154 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Suburban Cities — Continued Suburban Cities — Continued WEST SOUTH CENTRAL— Con. PACIFIC — Continued Oklahoma California — Continued Midwest City III La Mesa III Lodi III Long Beach I MOUNTAIN Lynwood II Manhattan Beach III Colorado Menlo Park III Aurora III Monrovia III Englewood III Montebello III National City III Arizona Newport Beach III Oceanside III Mesa III Ontario III Orange III PACIFIC Palo Alto II Pasadena I Washington Piedmont Pittsburg III III Puyallup III Pomona II Renton III Redlands III Vancouver II Redondo Beach II Redwood City II California Richmond II II San Bruno III Alameda San Carlos III Albany III San Gabriel III Alhambra II San Leandro II Anaheim III San Marino III Antioch III San Mateo II Arcadia III San Pablo III Azusa III San Rafael III Berkeley I Santa Ana II Beverly Hills II Santa Clara III Burbank II Santa Monica II Burlingame III South Pasadena III Chula Vista III South San Francisco III Colton III III Compton II Torrance Coronado III Vallejo II Costa Mesa III Whittier III Culver City III Daly City III Fullerton III Suburban County-Unit School Sys - Glendale II terns Hawthorne III Hayward III Colorado Hermosa Beach III Inglewood II Jefferson LOCAL Suburban County-U terns — Continued Georgia Chattahoochee Houston Louisiana Jefferson St. Bernard Maryland Anne Arundel Baltimore Montgomery Prince Georges South Carolina Aiken SCHOOL systems: SUBURBAN CITIES 155 lit School Sys - Suburban County-Unit School Sys¬ tems — Continued Virginia Chesterfield Fairfax Henrico Norfolk Princess Anne Roanoke West Virginia Brooke Fayette Hancock Marshall Wayne States Comprising Regions All references to national totals are for continental United States, which comprised the 48 States and the District of Columbia in 1955-56. The four regions of the United States, as used in this chapter, are the Northeast, North Central, South, and West. The States comprising each region are listed in alphabetical order as follows: NORTHEAST SOUTH— Continued Connecticut Florida Maine Georgia Massachusetts Kentucky New Hampshire Louisiana New Jersey Maryland New York Mississippi Pennsylvania North Carolina Rhode Island Oklahoma Vermont South Carolina NORTH CENTRAL Tennessee Texas Illinois Virginia Indiana West Virginia Iowa Kansas District of Columbia Michigan Minnesota WEST Missouri Arizona Nebraska California North Dakota Colorado Ohio Idaho South Dakota Montana Wisconsin Nevada SOUTH New Mexico Oregon Alabama Utah Arkansas Washington Delaware Wyoming o 156 United States Government Printing Office DIVISION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS Washington 25, D.C. OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID PAYMENT OF POSTAGE, *300 (GPOI If you do not desire to continue to receive this type of publication, please check here □; tear off this label and return it to the above address. Your name will then be removed promptly from the appropriate mailing list. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1954-56 Statistics 0F Local School Systems: 1955-56 County Units Chapter 3 SECTION III I S. DEPARTMENT OF 0 HEALTH, EDI CATION, AND WELFARE . Office of Education Highlights 1. As of November 1956, 743 complete county-unit school systems were operating in 29 States. Nearly all (96 per¬ cent) of the county-unit school systems are found in 15 States, each containing more than 10 such systems. 2. The county-unit type of school administration is becoming more and more important. It is most prevalent in the South, but is also making strong advances in the Rocky Mountain and Southwestern States. During the 14-year period from 1942 to 1956, complete county units increased in number from 605 to 743, an increase of 23 percent. 3. During the school year 1955-56, 4,455,484 children, or 14 percent of the national total, were enrolled in county-unit school systems. Of this total, 3,127,448 pupils, or 70 per¬ cent, were enrolled in elementary schools, including kindergartens; and 1,328,036 or 30 percent, in secondary schools. 4. Generally, the less populous counties tended to have a higher proportion of men teachers and lower pupil-teacher ratios. 5. Current expenditures per pupil tended to be compara¬ tively high in the most populous counties, probably be¬ cause of higher income and taxable property. Also, in the least populous counties, the per-pupil expenditures like¬ wise tended to be comparatively high, because in these counties the basic expenditures required to maintain any educational system are spread over a smaller number of pupils. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 Statistics 0F Local School Systems: 1955-56 County Units ■ ' :,’l SECTION III -v. ■ ; Gerald Kahn planned the report, supervised preparation of the tables, and wrote the text. Emery M. Foster, Chief , Research Studies and Surveys Section , and Joel Williams, Head , Local School Systems Unit , had general direction of the study. AUG 4 1959 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education, Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1954-56: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56. Chapter 3. Statistics of Local School Systems: 1955-56. Section I. Cities. Section II. Suburban Cities. Section III. County Units. Section IV. Rural Counties. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education, 1955-56. Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property. Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1959 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price 35 cents Foreword THIS SECTION on county-unit school systems is one of three new reports containing statistics on local school systems, which are included, for the first time, in Chapter 3 of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-1956. The other initial surveys, each published under separate cover, deal with rural school systems and suburban city school systems. These new surveys represent greatly expanded coverage of local school systems by the Office of Education: in the past, detailed data of the type shown in this report were collected only for city school systems. The constantly increasing number of county-unit school systems is a notable trend in the local school organization of this Nation. It reflects the attempt of school authorities to achieve more efficient management in the face of rising school expenditures. Although this report does not attempt to evaulate or com¬ pare qualitative aspects of education, it does reveal some economic advantages of larger local units, and conversely it demonstrates that expenditures per pupil tend to be high in school districts with extremely small enrollments. Certain principal findings of the present chapter, giving National totals for county-unit schools on the basis of a sample, were released as Circular No. 523 in May 1958. Thus, these findings have been available for public use for a considerable length of time before this final report. This report was produced through the cooperative efforts of many people. Thanks are due the superintendents of county-unit school systems, who furnished most of the original data; and to Mabel C. Rice, Hazel Poole, and Geraldine Scott of the Statistical Services Section, who were responsible for the analysis of the county-unit reports. Roy M. Hall, Assistant Commissioner for Research Herbert S. Conrad, Director , Educational Statistics Branch m Contents Text Fag, Foreword _ hi Introduction _ 1 Coverage and Scope _ 2 Method of Presentation and Analysis _ 4 Response. _ _ 6 Limitations of the Data _ 6 Staff and Pupils _ 8 Enrollment and Attendance _ 8 Administrative and Instructional Staff _ 10 Sex ratio _ 11 Pupil-teacher ratio _ 12 Finances Receipts _ 15 Expenditures _ 15 Current expenditures for full-time day schools _ 15 Average salaries of instructional staff _ 17 Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance _ 18 Other current expenditures _ 19 Other expenditures _ 19 Text Tables A. Total number of counties in States with county-unit school systems and number of such school systems, by State and population of county: 1955-56 _ 3 B. Socio-economic characteristics of county-unit counties, by population of county _ 5 C. Percentage distribution of county-unit school systems, by geographic region and population of county _ 5 D. Percentage distribution of enrollment by grade, in county-unit school systems, by population of county: 1955-56 _ 9 v VI CONTENTS Page E. Percent of pupils enrolled in grades K to 8 and 9 to 12, by region: 1955-56 _ 9 F. Selected characteristics of schools, pupils, and staff, in county-unit school systems, by population of county: 1955-56 _ 10 G. Distribution of pupil-teacher ratios in county-unit school systems, for elementary and secondary levels, by population of county: 1955-56 _ 14 H. Percentage distribution of current expenditures in county-unit school systems, by major account and population of county: 1955-56 _ 16 I. Distribution of average salary of instructional staff in county-unit school systems, by population of county: 1955-56 _ 17 J. Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance in county-unit school systems, by major account and population of county: 1955-56 _ 18 K. Distribution of current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in county-unit school systems, by population of county: 1955-56 _ 20 Summary and Basic Tables 1. General statistical data of county-unit school systems, by population of county: 1955-56 _ 21 2. Fiscal data of county-unit school systems, by popula¬ tion of county: 1955-56 _ 22 3. Personnel, enrollment, and attendance data for county- unit school systems, by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 _ 23 4. Current expenditure data for county-unit school sys¬ tems, by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 _ 39 5. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance, in county-unit school systems, by major account, State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 _ 66 CONTENTS Figures 1. County-unit counties as a percent of all counties: 1955-56 _ 2. Men teachers as a percent of all teachers in county-unit school systems, by educational level and population group: 1955-56 _ 3. Pupil-teacher ratios in county-unit school systems by educational level and population group : 1955-56 _ vn Page VIII 11 13 N. DAK. 'L/mINN. VIII Figure l.— County -unit counties as a percent of all counties: 1955-56 Statistics of Local School Systems: County Units, 1955-56 Introduction This section has been added to the 1954-56 Biennial Survey of Education because of the increasing prevalence of the county-unit system in the National educational picture. It marks the initial endeavor of the U.S. Office of Education to provide detailed data on county-unit systems comparable to the data which the Office has provided on city school systems for many years. In this biennium the Office of Education has expanded its statistical coverage of local school systems beyond the traditional report on city school systems as a step toward complete coverage of local school systems. In addition to this report on county-unit school systems in the present section of the Biennial Survey , initial surveys on sub- burban city school systems and rural school systems are included in other sections of chapter 3. Such a survey encompassing all types of local school systems should be of assistance to educators at all levels — city, county, State, and national. A county-unit school system is one whose boundaries are cotermin¬ ous or approximately coterminous with those of a civil county. (For exceptions see next section, on Coverage and Scope.) The adminis¬ trative policies of a county-unit school system are set by a single board and carried out by a single superintendent. Many educators prefer this type of school organization over that of the small independ¬ ent school district, particularly for rural areas, since they believe that a county-wide administration can provide greater educational benefits for a larger number of students. There are two basic types of county-unit school systems : a complete county-unit, which covers all of the county’s public schools; and a partial county-unit, which covers most of the public schools but not those in one or more independent districts — generally the school system of a city or town, located within the county. Partial county units are difficult to delineate. The range of school districts which could be termed “partial county units” can extend 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 from the county school system which covers all of the county except a single municipality, to the county school district which directly administers only a few rural schools while 10 or more independent school districts operate separately within the county. Any cutoff point would have to be arrived at arbitrarily. Therefore, in the interest of greater objectivity, this report deals only with complete county units. The expansion of the county-unit type of organization is a 20th century phenomenon. This type is most prevalent in the Southern States but is also making strong advances in the Rocky Mountain and Southwestern States. (Figure 1 shows the concentration of complete county units in each State.) Complete county units increased in number from 605 in 1942 1 to 743 in 1956, an increase of 23 percent. Recent reports received in the Office of Education indicate a further movement toward the county-unit system since 1955-56. Coverage and Scope As of November 1956, 743 county-unit school systems were operat¬ ing in 29 States; but 15 of these States, each containing more than 10 county units, accounted for 96 percent of the total number. Table A gives the number of complete county units by population group and State. The total listing of complete county-unit school systems used by the Office of Education for this study was derived primarily from the records of the Bureau of the Census as of November 13, 1956. The basis for the Census records was a survey of school districts completed in 1951-52 and since then brought up to date by the Bureau as ac¬ curately as possible through information obtained from State depart¬ ments of education. The Census records listed the number of school systems in each county in the Nation. For the purposes of this study, counties listed by the Bureau of the Census as having only one school system were regarded as complete county units and included in the Office of Edu¬ cation Survey, with the exception of the following cases: 1. The Census Bureau regarded the common, consolidated, agricultural high school and other local school districts of Mississippi as subordinate agencies of the county government, on the basis of the “high degree of administrative 1 Source of 1942 data: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments 191ft, Governmental Units in the United States 194£. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1944. 67 p. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 3 Table A. — Total number of counties in States with county-unit school sys¬ tems; and number of such school systems , by State and population of county: 1955-56 County-unif school systems State Total number of counties All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TOTAL _ 2, 189 743 26 159 309 165 52 32 67 36 2 12 22 58 4 1 1 2 63 5 1 1 1 2 Florida . - 67 67 8 14 24 13 7 1 Georgia . . . 159 123 4 5 52 52 9 1 Idaho 44 13 3 6 2 2 Illinois _ 102 5 1 4 Indiana _ 92 1 1 Kansas _ 105 1 1 Kentucky _ _ 120 50 1 25 21 3 Louisiana __ _ 64 60 3 24 31 2 Maryland 23 23 4 9 10 Minnesota . _ 87 2 1 1 Mississippi _ 82 2 2 Nebraska 93 2 2 Nevada _ _ 17 17 2 1 3 6 5 New Mexico _ 32 2 1 1 North Carolina 100 48 11 25 12 Oregon . __ 36 2 1 1 South Carolina _ 46 24 1 15 7 1 South Dakota _ 68 3 1 1 1 Tennessee _ _ __ 95 56 12 27 15 2 Texas - _ 254 30 2 7 12 9 Utah 29 22 1 5 7 3 6 Virginia l 98 87 1 30 44 10 2 Washington .. 39 1 1 West Virginia . 55 55 2 22 24 7 Wisconsin 71 1 1 Wyoming . . 23 1 1 * Actually, all 98 counties of Virginia are part of county-unit systems but there are 11 instances in which two counties are combined to form a division. For the purpose of this survey, the combination rather than the individual county is treated as a county Unit and fiscal control” 2 which the county exercises over these districts. Using this criterion, Census listed 33 counties as having but one school system each. However, for the school year 1955-56, 31 of these counties did not meet the Office of Education definition of complete county unit. First of all, the local school districts mentioned above did have elected boards of trustees. Second, prominent specialists on county schools have traditionally regarded the local school districts of Mississippi as independent, and have interpreted the county educational function to be an intermediate one.3 It should be noted, however, that school district reorganization to the county-unit system is currently in progress in Mississippi. Two counties were considered “com- * See U.S. Bureau of the Census, State and Local Government Special Studies, No. Si, Local Government Structure in the United States. Washington: TJ.S. Government Printing Office, 1954. 91 p. * References: Shirley Cooper and Charles O. Fitzwater, County School Administration. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1954. 566 p. Also, Special Subcommittee of the Committee for the White House Conference on Education, A Statistical Survey of School District Organization in the United States, 195i~55. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955. 13 p. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 plete” county units in 1955-56 and were included in this survey. According to present plans, at least 29 complete county units will be in operation during the school year 1958-59. 2. Counties which are coterminous with a city and included in the Office of Education survey of city school systems were excluded from this survey; namely, San Francisco, Calif.; Denver, Colo., and Orleans Parish (New Orleans City), La. The Census list was augmented by information obtained from other sources, chiefly State departments of education. The major addition was 17 Nevada counties which converted to the county-unit system during 1955-56. The Virginia school systems, called Divisions, are in general com¬ prised of a single county or an independent city. However, in 11 instances 2 counties, and in 5 instances a county and an independent city, are combined to form a Division. For the purpose of this survey, each such combination is treated as a county unit. Method of Presentation and Analysis For purposes of presentation and analysis, the county units in this survey have been subdivided into six groups according to their 1950 population. Population size is a convenient, relatively stable means of comparison. Such an arrangement enables the user to compare county-unit school systems with city school systems, which are simi¬ larly subdivided in the Biennial Survey of Education — 1954-56, chapter 3, section I. Population size is correlated with other socio¬ economic characteristics which may affect education. For the county units included in this survey, some relationships of population to other factors are shown in table B. An analysis of table B indicates that there are distinct differences among the population groups. For the most part, the differences in the ratios shown in table B reflect degrees of difference between the more urban and the more rural counties. From group I (population 100,000 and over) to group IV (population 5,000-9,999), the trends of the ratios run consistently in one direction, indicating that in these counties a fairly high correlation exists between population and the other factors listed in the table. However, except in the factor “Population per square mile,” these patterns do not continue through groups V (population 2,500-4,999) and VI (population under 2,500). These reversals may be due to the regional distributions of the counties in groups V and VI, which are quite different from the regional distribu¬ tions of the counties in groups I through IV. (A further discussion on regional distributions appears below.) LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 5 Table B.— -Socio-economic characteristics of county-unit counties , by population of county: 1950 Characteristic Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 Percent urban . . . . . 76.6 32.2 13.7 8.2 8.9 0.0 Percent rural-farm population . 4.6 27.8 46.8 48.2 37.8 34.8 Population per square mile. . . . 228.8 58.2 26.1 10.6 2.2 0.9 Percent of families with income of $5,000 or more in 1949_ . . - . 21.2 10.9 6.4 6.2 10.6 n.a. Percent "adequate” housing 1 . 66.2 39.1 25.0 23.6 36.7 45.2 Percent high school graduates in population 25 years old and over . . . . . 38.3 22.8 17.1 17.3 24.9 31.8 Percent of employed population who are pro¬ fessional, technical, and kindred workers - 10.0 6.5 5.3 5.2 6.3 6.3 i "Adequate" housing is defined as a dwelling unit with hot running water, private toilet and bath, and not dilapidated n.a.=Not available. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1950, vols. I and II. Washington: U.S. Government Print, ing Office, 1952. Any further reference to size of county will mean population size rather than geographic area. Thus, “larger” or “smaller” counties we will mean “more populous” or “less populous” counties. Other factors may also affect group differences; for example, the geographic-regional difference. Table C shows the regional distribu¬ tion for each population group and for all groups. Since the overwhelming number of county units, 89 percent, are in the South region, the counties were not classified by region in the detailed tabulations. However, despite the one-sided distribution for all groups combined, great differences in regional distribution appear among the population groups. As we move from the larger counties to the smaller ones, the percentage of all counties located in the South decreases, and consequently the percentage of counties in the West and North Central regions increases. The distributions for group V and particularly group VI are extremely different from the distribution for all groups. Table C .—Percentage distribution of county-unit school systems , by geo¬ graphic region and population of county: 1955-56 Region All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25, GOO- 99, 999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Northeast . North Central . . 2.0 0.3 4.2 5.8 12.5 South . 89! 2 100.0 97.5 95.8 84.8 67.3 34.4 West. . 8.7 2.6 3.9 10.9 26.9 53.1 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 In addition to regional differences, differences in State distribution (see table A) must also be considered. The reader should therefore bear in mind that some differences shown for population groups may be due at least in part to geographic factors. A case in point is the average salary of instructional staff. (See table I and discussion under the section Expenditures.) This figure decreases from group I through group IV and then increases in groups V and VI. The increase is most probably due to the fact that a relatively large propor¬ tion of the smaller county units are located in the West region, where the cost of living is higher than in the South. Tables 1 and 2 present United States summary figures for county- unit school systems. Table 1 is devoted to a presentation of statistics on staff and enrollment, while table 2 gives data on finance. Tables 3, 4, and 5 provide data by county. Table 3 furnishes data on personnel, enrollment and attendance. Table 4 provides financial data. Table 5 presents data on current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance, for total full-time day schools and for seven accounts, and gives the percent of the total expenditures used for each account. Response Of the 743 reports included in this survey, 530, or 71 percent of the total, were received directly from the school district and the remaining from the records of State departments of education. A report was obtained for every county included in the survey. Limitations of the Data The detailed data for individual school districts shown in Tables 3, 4, and 5 are provided for readers who wish to compare specific school districts, as well as for researchers who desire to perform analy¬ ses additional to those described in this text. It should be borne in mind that these data were reported and collected for statistical, rather than for accounting, purposes. The U.S. Office of Education instructions specified that “carefully prepared current estimates will be accepted if data are not available for any item.” The data should not be regarded, therefore, as precise book figures but rather as data generally descriptive of the school district’s operations. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 7 The U.S. Office of Education in its statistical reports attempts to show comparable data for school districts located in various parts of the country. The achievement of this objective is not an easy task because each of the States has set up its own pattern for reporting statistical data. The report forms and instructions for statistical and financial reporting vary greatly from State to State. Each State’s definitions differ to some extent from the national standards set up by the U.S. Office of Education in cooperation with State and local school officials.4 The local district is accustomed to reporting to its State in accordance with the State’s definitions, and tends to report to the U.S. Office of Education in a like manner, despite the latter’s uniform questionnaire and instructions. Since this is an initial survey and the great majority of the county- unit systems were asked to supply complex information for the first time to the U.S. Office of Education, the problem discussed above is particularly significant. In order to meet the goal of comparability, the reports were reviewed thoroughly for uniform classification and were adjusted wherever possible by the use of State Department of Education reports and directories and by direct correspondence with the counties. Data for current expenditures per pupil are frequently used to com¬ pare the operations of a particular school system with those of other school systems. In this regard, the user is cautioned against any unwarranted conclusions. There are many factors which influence current expenditures per pupil. Essentially, they can be grouped into three general categories, as follows : 1. Differences in the scope and quality of the educational program, facilities available, and services rendered. — A school system that offers kindergarten facilities, a well-diversified curriculum including the fine arts, special classes for exceptional children, appropriate playground and gymnasium facilities, a well-trained counselling service, a sanitary cafeteria, adequate health services, and vocational or prevocational offerings will require and spend greater amounts per pupil in school funds than will a system which conducts a less complete program. Moreover, a school system which attracts and retains the services of competent, experienced teachers, and makes use of the most up-to-date, modern teaching aids must also expend greater amounts. 2. Effect of variable circumstantial factors. — Climate, local living costs, popu¬ lation density of the county, age and state of repair of the physical school plant, stability of the number of children in average daily attendance, proportion of children in elementary as contrasted to secondary grades, and proportion of teachers in the lower vs. the upper brackets of the salary schedule — all these influence per-pupil expenditure. 4 See U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, The Common Core of State Educational Information (Handbook I, State Educational Records and Reports Series) and Financial Accounting for Local and State School Systems (Handbook II, same series). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953 and 1957. 116 p. and 235 p. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 3. Efficiency of management or administration. — Any appraisal should be made not so much on the amount of expenditure — whether “high” or “low” — but on the relationship existing between expenditure on the one hand and the quality and extent of the educational program on the other. In evaluating efficiency, each of the seven major accounts presented in this survey must be examined and analyzed separately. Differences in per pupil expenditure among various counties should therefore, in general, be taken merely as a point of departure for further investigation of the differences rather than as conclusive evidence regarding quality of program, circumstances of operation, or efficiency of management and administration. Staff and Pupils Enrollment and attendance During the school year 1955-56, 4,455,484 children, or 14 percent of the total public elementary and secondary day school enrollment (31,162,843) 6 were enrolled in county-unit school systems. The 185 counties with populations of 25,000 or more (groups I and II), which comprise 25 percent of the county units, accounted for 63 percent of the total enrollment. Of the number enrolled in all county-unit school systems, 3,127,448, or 70 percent, were enrolled in elementary school organizations, in¬ cluding kindergarten; and 1,328,036, or 30 percent, were enrolled in secondary school organizations, including junior high schools. On the basis of grade distribution, however, 4 out of 5 children were en¬ rolled in grades K-8, including the 7th and 8th grades in junior high schools, as shown in table D. More children, 12 percent of the total, were enrolled in the first grade than in any other school grade; and the smallest number of pupils, 4 percent of the total, in the 12th grade. The distributions for groups I through IV are about the same, but those for groups V and VI are somewhat different. The latter groups show a higher percentage enrollment in grades 9 through 12. In order to arrive at a reason for this difference, the percentage en¬ rollments in grades K-8 and 9-12 for the Nation as a whole were com¬ puted by geographic region. These ratios are shown in table E. An *U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1964-66, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1955-56. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956. 141 p. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 9 Table D. — Percentage distribution of enrollment by grade , in county-unit school systems , by population of county: 1955-56 Grade All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 l 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 All grades . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 K-8 . 79.7 80.0 79.6 79.8 79.6 78.4 76.3 K . 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.4 1.9 2.7 1 . 12.3 12.0 12.1 12.4 12.3 12.2 11.9 2 . 11.3 11.6 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.0 9.7 3 . 11.4 11.6 11.4 11.2 11.0 10.8 10.4 4 . . . 10.0 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.4 9.5 5 . - . 8.9 8.6 8.9 9.1 9.1 8.7 7.9 6 . . . 8.8 8.7 8.8 9.0 9.0 8.4 8.7 7 . 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.2 7.9 8 . 7.9 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.6 9-12 . 20.3 20.0 20.4 20.2 20.4 21.6 23.7 9 . _ . . 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 7.0 10 . 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.0 11 . - 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.9 5.7 12 . 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.4 5.0 NOTE.— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. analysis of this table indicates that among the 4 geographic regions the South has the lowest percentage enrollment in grades 9-12. Since relatively fewer of the county units in groups V and VI are located in the South, one would expect a greater proportional enrollment in grades 9-12 in these groups. Average daily attendance in county-unit school systems in 1955-56 was 3,869,850 pupils. The percent of pupils enrolled in average daily attendance came to 87 for elementary schools, 88 for secondary schools, and 87 for all schools. The ratios varied somewhat among the population groups but no distinct patterns or significant differences are evident (see table F). Table E .—Percent of pupils enrolled in grades K to 8 and 9 to 12 , by region: 1955-56 Region Grades Kto 12 Kto 8 9 to 12 1 2 3 4 Continental United States . 100.0 77.9 22.1 Northeast . . . . 100.0 76.9 23.1 North Central . . . 100.0 76.9 23.1 South... . . . . . . 100.0 79.3 20.7 West . 100.0 78.2 21.8 502828 — 5! 2 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table F. — Selected characteristics of schools , pupils , and staff, in county- unit school systems, by population of county: 1955-56 Characteristic All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10, GOO- 24, 999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. SCHOOLS AND PUPILS Average population of county (1950). 23,808 173,807 41,486 16,414 7,637 3,778 1,431 Number of schools per county: Elementary _ _ _ 20.8 67.6 34.3 20.5 9.2 5.2 3.3 Secondary _ _ _ 5.1 17.9 8.8 4.6 2.3 1.7 1.1 Total _ 25.9 85.5 43.1 25.1 11.5 6.9 4.3 Average length of school term _ 178 180 178 178 177 177 175 Average enrollment per county: Elementary _ _ _ 4,209 28,746 7,371 3,007 1,429 683 241 Secondary _ 1,787 14,983 3,057 1,137 516 251 124 Total - - 5,997 43,729 10,427 4, 144 1,943 934 346 Number of pupils per school: Elementary.. . . . . . 203 425 215 147 155 131 74 Secondary _ 351 838 345 248 227 145 95 Total _ _ _ 231 512 242 165 170 135 80 Percent of pupils enrolled in aver¬ age daily attendance: Elementary _ _ 86.6 86.4 87.8 85.8 84.6 84.7 86.4 Secondary _ _ _ 87.5 86.2 88.6 87.5 86.6 87.7 89.4 Total _ _ 86.9 86.3 88.0 86.3 85.2 85.5 87.3 II. PUPIL-STAFF RATIOS Ratio of pupils to administrative members _ 3,002 4,838 3,558 2,802 1,425 742 299 Pupil-teacher ratio (enrollment): Elementary.. _ 32.5 34.0 32.8 31.9 31.0 27.7 22.0 Secondary _ 24.6 26.1 24.8 23.6 22.8 18.3 15.0 Total _ 29.7 30.8 29.9 29.1 28.3 24.3 19.3 Ratio of pupils in ADA to classroom teachers: Elementary _ _ 28.2 29.4 28.8 27.4 26.2 23.5 19.0 Secondary _ _ _ _ 21.5 22.5 21.9 20.7 19.8 16.0 13.4 Total. . . . . 25.8 26.6 26.3 25.1 24.1 20.8 16.8 III. STAFF RATIOS Number of administrative staff members per county _. _ 2.0 9.0 2.9 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 Number of instructional staff mem¬ bers per county _ _ 215 1,538 370 151 73 41 19 Average salary of instructional $3,608 staff _ ... $3,490 $4,098 $3,417 $3, 153 $3,092 $3,525 Ratio of instructional staff to ad¬ ministrative staff _ _ 108 170 126 102 53 33 17 Number of teachers per school: Elementary _ 6.3 12.8 6.6 4.6 5.0 2.7 3.5 Secondary _ _ _ 14.3 32.1 14.0 10.5 9.9 7.9 6.3 Total _ _ 7.8 16.6 8.1 5.7 6.0 5.5 4.1 Men, as a percent of all teachers: Elementary . . . 10.0 8.1 8.8 11.7 13.3 13.8 18.1 Secondary.. . . 42.5 41.0 41.1 43.9 47.1 52.9 59.6 Total _ 21.7 21.4 20.2 22.6 24.3 27.6 34.0 Administrative and Instructional Staff In 1955-56, county-unit school systems employed 1,485 professional administrative staff members and 160,014 instructional staff members. Of the instructional staff, 150,154 classroom teachers made up 94 percent of the total; 6,604 principals accounted for 4 percent, 1,398 supervisors for 1 percent, and 1,858 other nonsup ervisory instructional LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 11 staff (school librarians, guidance personnel, and psychological person¬ nel) for another 1 percent. A distribution of classroom teachers by level shows that 96,096, or 64 percent, taught in elementary schools, including kindergartens; while 54,058, or 34 percent, taught in secondary schools. Sex Ratio Men comprised 22 percent of all classroom teachers, 10 percent of the elementary teachers, and 43 percent of the secondary teachers. However, the proportion of men teachers increases as the population of the county decreases. Thus, in group I only 21 percent of all teachers — 8 percent of the elementary teachers and 41 percent of the secondary teachers — are men; while for group VI the comparable ratios are 34, 18, and 60, respectively (see table F and figure 2). National statistics 6 7 indicate that the highest percentage of men teachers is found in the West region and the lowest in the South. Progressing from the most populous to the least populous counties, Percent Figure 2. — Men teachers as a percent of all teachers in county-unit school systems , by educational level and population group: 1955-56 • Ibid. 7 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Ratio of Men to Women Teachers in Public Secondary Schools. (Circular 413). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1954. 14 p. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 the percentage of all counties located in the West increases and the percentage from the South decreases. The higher percentage of men teachers in the less populous counties can therefore be attributed primarily to the regional distributions within the population gouops. However, several other factors may also contribute to this pattern. For example, since fewer opportunities exist in other professional fields in the less populous counties, a teaching position tends to rank relatively higher there, economically and socially, than in the more populous counties. Also, the classroom teacher in the smaller coun¬ ties has greater opportunity for advancement within the profession. Analyzing the ratio of the number of teachers per school (see table F) can illustrate the point: This ratio decreases from the larger to the smaller counties — from 17 for group I to 4 for group VI — thus indi¬ cating that the average classroom teacher has a greater chance of becoming a head of a school* * * 8 in the smaller counties than in the larger ones. The factor of greater promotional opportunity is of particular concern to men. In a recent U.S. Office of Education survey of beginning teachers,9 approximately 50 percent of the new men teachers questioned replied that they expected eventually to move from class¬ room teaching into some other area of education, in contrast to only about 8 percent of the new women teachers. Of the teachers who expected to continue in the field of education until retirement, 64 percent of the men and 36 percent of the women indicated a desire to move into educational positions other than classroom teaching. Pupil-Teacher Ratio The average number of pupils enrolled per classroom teacher, popularly known as the pupil-teacher ratio, was 29.7 for county-unit school systems in 1955-56. The ratio of 32.5 for elementary schools was considerably higher than the ratio of 24.6 for secondary schools. For both levels the pupil-teacher ratio was highest in group I counties, gradually declined by approximately 1 pupil from group to group (from 30.8 in group I to 28.3 in group IV) and dropped markedly from group IV to 19.3 in group VI (see table F and figure 3). The fact that the pupil-teacher ratio changed very little from group I through group IV is significant when one realizes that the population * A head of a school may be either a principal, who devotes half time or more to administration, or a head teacher who spends more than half time at classroom teaching in addition to administrative duties. A head teacher usually receives additional compensation. 8 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, The Beginning Teacher: A Survey of New Teachers in the Public Schools, 1966-67 — Preliminary Report (Circular No. 510). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1958. 56 p. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 13 Pupil - Teacher Ratio 40 Group: A11 groups II . Ill IV 100,000 25,000 10,000 5,000 and over 99,999 24,999 9,999 Population1 Group VI Under 2,500 Figure 3. — Pupil-teacher ratios in county-unit school systems, by educational level and population group: 1955-56 per square mile decreased markedly from group I through group IV (see table B). The maintenance of reasonable pupil-teacher ratios can be attributed to effective school transportation systems. Unfor¬ tunately, costly, low pupil-teacher ratios are unavoidable in the very sparsely populated counties of groups V and VI because the distance over which pupils can be transported efficiently is limited. The ratio of pupils in average daily attendance to classroom teachers follows the same general pattern as the pupil-teacher ratio. The former is 26 for all schools, 28 for elementary schools, and 22 for secondary schools. Distributions of pupil-teacher ratios are given in table 6. This table shows that in slightly more than half the counties the average pupil-teacher ratio, for all levels, ranged between 25 and 30; and that in almost 93 percent of the counties, the pupil-teacher ratio was between 20 and 35. No average ratio was above 40 and only one, classified in group VI, was below 10. All counties in groups I, II, and III fell in the 25-40 range and about 90 percent of them fell in the 25-35 range. Two group IV counties (1 percent of the total) and 6 group V counties (12 percent of the total) had pupil-teacher ratios of less than 20; and pupil-teacher ratios in the majority of the group VI counties, 69 percent, were below 20. No county in this latter group reported a pupil- teacher ratio of above 30. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table G. — Distribution of pupil-teacher ratios in county-unit school systems , for elementary and secondary levels, by population of county: 1955-56 Pupil-teacher ratio All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TOTAL Under 10.0 _ _ 1 J 10 0-14.9 11 1 1 9 15.0-19.9 _ 18 1 5 12 20.0-24.9 _ _ _ 68 2 2 24 19 17 4 25.0-29.9 . . . . . 375 7 75 160 105 22 6 30.0-34.9 _ 245 15 77 114 33 6 35.0-39.9 _ 25 2 5 11 6 1 Average _ _ _ 29.7 30.8 29.9 29.1 28.3 24.3 19.3 Median per county. . . . . 28.6 31.3 30.2 29.1 27.9 25.7 17.5 Number of counties _ 743 26 159 309 165 52 32 ELEMENTARY Under 10.0 . . . j 1 10 0-14.9 9 1 1 7 15.0-19.9 _ 5 4 20.0-24.9 _ _ _ 41 1 11 11 9 9 25.0-29.9, _ _ _ _ 181 3 20 83 50 17 8 30.0-34.9 _ _ _ 356 16 100 145 75 17 3 35.0-39.9 _ 130 6 36 59 23 6 40.0-44.9 _ 19 1 2 10 5 1 45.0-49.9 . . — . 1 1 Average. . . . . 32.5 34.0 32.8 31.9 31.0 27.7 22.0 Median per county . . . . 31.9 33.1 32.9 32.1 31.4 29.4 22.2 Number of counties... . . 743 26 159 309 165 52 32 SECONDARY Under 10.0 _ 8 2 6 10 0-14.9 34 1 7 4 8 14 15.0-19.9 _ 120 1 17 49 29 22 2 20.0-24.9 _ _ _ 288 5 66 118 82 13 4 25.0-29.9 _ 236 16 67 110 36 6 1 30.0-34.9 _ 43 3 8 20 11 1 35.0-39.9 8 1 5 2 Average _ 24.6 26.1 24.8 23.6 22.8 18.3 15.0 Median per county _ 23.6 26.9 24.7 24.2 23.0 18.6 12.7 Number of counties _ 737 26 159 309 164 52 27 For elementary schools, almost 90 percent of the counties reported pupil-teacher ratios ranging between 25 and 40, with nearly half the counties lying between 30 and 35. Twenty counties, 2.7 percent of the total, reported elementary school pupil-teacher ratios above 40, one of them above 45. Fourteen counties reported pupil-teacher ratios under 20, one of them below 10. Of the counties classified in groups I through IV, only 24, or 4 percent of the total, reported elementary school pupil-teacher ratios of less than 25; and only one county showed a ratio lower than 20. On the other hand, 21 percent of the group V counties and 66 percent of the group VI counties had pupil- teacher ratios of less than 25. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 15 Slightly over 70 percent of the counties reported secondary school pupil-teacher ratios ranging between 20 and 30. Ratios under 20 were reported by 22 percent of the counties, with 8 counties, classified in group V or group VI, reporting secondary school pupil-teacher ratios of less than 10. Over 80 percent of the group VI counties had secondary school pupil-teacher ratios of less than 20; and 6 counties, or 22 percent of the total for group VI, reported ratios of less than 10. Finance Receipts Revenue receipts (e.g., tax receipts, appropriations, or other re¬ ceipts which do not increase indebtedness) for county-unit school systems amounted to $968 million. Of this total, $608 million, or 63 percent, came from the State and Federal Governments; $343 million, or 36 percent, from the county and other local governmental sources; $1.7 million, or 0.2 percent, from transfers from other school districts for tuition and transportation; and $15 million, or 1.2 percent, from other revenue receipts (e.g., receipts from fines, gifts, rent, interest and net profit from lunchrooms, textbook transactions, etc.) . The total nonrevenue receipts (e.g., receipts from loans and bond sales, sale of school property, and insurance adjustments) were $155 million. Expenditures Current Expenditures for Full-time Day Schools. — Total current expenditures came to $803 million, of which $795 million, or 99 per¬ cent, was spent for full-time day schools. Instructional costs of $589 million accounted for 74.1 percent of all current expenditures for full-time day schools (see table H). Of this amount, $558 million, or 94.8 percent of the total, was for salaries of instructional staff. The balance of $31 million went for salaries of clerks, textbooks distributed free to pupils, school libraries, supplies, and other expenses of instruction. An analysis of the percentage dis¬ tribution of current expenditures for full-time day schools by popu¬ lation groups shows that the percentage of total expenditures devoted to instruction dropped from 78.2 in group I to 64.7 in group VI. This is not due to any lesser emphasis on instruction in the smaller counties, but rather to the relatively greater increase in other accounts. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table H .—Percentage distribution of current expenditures in county-unit school systems , by major account and population of county: 1955-56 Account All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total current expenditures for full¬ time day schools... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Administration _ _ 2.6 1.9 2.4 2.9 4.1 5.4 6.5 Instruction . . . . 74.1 78.2 74.2 71.8 68.8 66.7 64.7 Operation of plant _ 7.0 7.9 6.9 6.0 6.8 8.5 9.4 Maintenance of plant . . . 3.8 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.8 Other school services: Transportation _ 7.3 3.1 7.1 10.7 11.6 9.3 8.6 All other . 3.6 2.7 4.0 3.9 3.2 4.4 3.0 Fixed charges allocated to pupil costs . . 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.4 4.0 NOTE— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Transportation was the second largest expenditure item, account¬ ing for 7.3 percent of the total. Contrary to the pattern for instruc¬ tional expenditures, expenditures for transportation were generally higher in the less populous counties. Table B shows that counties which have smaller absolute populations also tend to have lower popu¬ lation concentrations. As a result, school authorities in the more sparsely populated counties are faced with the decision of either hav¬ ing the same proportion of schools to area as the more populated counties (thus maintaining relatively low transportation expendi¬ tures), or having fewer schools and relying more heavily on the school transportation system. In general, the latter plan is regarded as sounder from both educational and financial points of view. It pro¬ vides for a relatively larger pupil-teacher ratio, which in turn gen¬ erally leads to a richer curriculum and to higher paid, better qualified teachers. Since costly small classes, one-teacher schools, etc. are generally eliminated under this plan, the relatively high transporta¬ tion expenditures may actually represent efficient spending. A comparison of population groups I and IV will serve as an illus¬ tration. In group I only 3.1 percent of all funds was devoted to transportation as compared with 11.6 percent in group IV. However, this relatively greater expenditure for transportation enabled the group IV counties to achieve an average pupil- teacher ratio of 28.3 in an area which contains, on the average, only 10.6 persons per square mile. This pupil-teacher ratio compares favorably with the ratio of 30.8 for the group I counties where there are, on the average, 228.8 persons per square mile. This illustration points out how effective use of the school trans¬ portation system tends to maintain reasonable pupil-teacher ratios. Pupil-teacher ratios much lower than those mentioned above lead to LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS .* COUNTY UNITS 17 very high instructional costs, which more than offset the transporta¬ tion costs incurred in keeping the pupil-teacher ratio at a reasonable level. (For further discussion, see the section on current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance.) Of the remaining accounts, operation of the physical plant, main¬ tenance of the physical plant, administration, and fixed charges ac¬ counted for 7.0 percent, 3.8 percent, 2.6 percent, and 1.7 percent of the total, respectively. All other school services (including attend¬ ance services, health services, and net expenditures from food services and student body activities) came to 3.6 percent. Average Salaries of Instructional Staff. — The average salary of in¬ structional staff members in county-unit school systems amounted to $3,490. Average salaries by population group ranged from a low of $3,092 for group IV to a high of $4,098 for group I. Table I shows a distribution of average salaries by population group. This table indicates that 80 percent of the county-unit school systems paid average salaries langing from $2,500 to $3,999. About 10 percent of the counties paid salaries averaging more than that range and another 10 percent, less. The group I counties generally paid the highest salaries and the group IV counties, the lowest. No group I county paid an average salary of less than $3,000, whereas 52 percent of the group IV counties paid less than that amount. More than half of the group I counties paid average salaries of $4,000 or more, compared with only slightly more than 5 percent of the group IV counties. The relatively higher salaries in groups V and VI were probably due to the higher proportion, in these groups, of counties from the West region, where incomes and taxable property values are generally higher. Table I. — Distribution of average salary of instructional staff in county -unit school systems , by population of county: 1955-56 Average salary of instructional staff All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Under $2,000.. . . 19 8 10 1 2,000-2,499 . 54 2 30 16 4 2 2,500-2,999 . . 204 39 94 60 7 4 3,000-3,499 . . . . 240 8 65 106 43 11 7 3,500-3,999... . . 149 4 37 54 27 16 11 4,000-4,499 . 56 9 12 13 8 9 5 4,500-4,999. . 16 5 3 2 4 2 5,000 and over . . 5 1 2 1 1 Average per instructional staff member . . . . . $3,490 $4, 098 $3,417 $3, 153 $3,092 $3,525 $3,608 Median per county . 3,197 4,055 3, 296 3,106 2,971 3,593 3,636 Number of counties . 743 26 159 309 165 52 32 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table J. — Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in county-unit school systems, by major account and population of county: 1955-56 Account All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total current expendi¬ tures for full-time day schools _ $205. 31 $228. 26 $195. 00 $192. 92 $208. 23 $291. 74 $392. 26 Administration _ 5. 32 4. 42 4. 68 5. 60 8. 60 15. 80 25. 69 Instruction _ 152. 19 178. 57 144. 62 138. 49 143.25 194. 55 253. 92 Operation of plant _ _ 14. 29 18. 01 13. 49 11.49 14. 14 24. 83 36. 70 Maintenance of plant _ _ 7. 77 10. 03 7. 43 6.27 7. 05 9. 52 14. 88 Other school services: Transportation _ 14. 97 7.02 13. 87 20. 57 24. 19 27. 20 33. 87 All other... . . . 7. 33 6.25 7. 86 7. 49 6. 74 12. 74 11.67 Fixed charges allocated to pupil costs . . _ 3.43 3. 97 3. 04 3. 01 4. 25 7. 09 15.53 NOTE.— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Current Expenditures per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance. — Cur¬ rent expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance averaged $205 (see table J). An analysis of the expenditures of county units, dis¬ tributed by population size, indicates that total per-pupil expendi¬ tures declined from $228 in group I to $193 in group III, but then increased consistently to $392 in group VI. This expenditure pat¬ tern can be explained by two factors which greatly influence per-pupil expenditures. One factor is the ability of the local district to finance education. Since the counties of group I are essentially urban, incomes (see table B) and taxable property values in these areas are generally higher than in the more rural counties. As already noted, group I counties pay the highest teacher salaries. This, of course, greatly influences instructional costs per pupil, as teacher salaries, on the average, account for 70 percent of all current expenditures. It is to be expected that salaries for school administrators, bus drivers, janitors, mainte¬ nance men, etc. are also correspondingly high, and that supplies and materials cost more. All other things being equal, one would therefore expect the group I counties to show the highest expenditures per pupil, and indeed, total costs per pupil are notably higher for group I than for groups II, III, and IV. Although the larger counties’ ability to pay more tends to raise per-pupil expenditures in those counties, another factor tends to raise per-pupil costs in the less populous counties also. That factor is the smaller number of pupils over whom must be spread those basic expenditures which are necessary to maintain any educational system. This smaller number of pupils creates higher per-pupil costs. A most important illustration of this point is the effect of the LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 19 pupil-teacher ratio on relative expenditures for instruction. In the school year 1955-56, the average teacher in a group I county earned $4,098 and taught, on the average, 26.6 pupils. (These figures are arrived at by using pupils in ADA, rather than enrollment.) The average teacher in a group VI county earned $3,608 and taught, on the average, 16.8 pupils. Dividing the average salaries by the aver¬ age number of pupils taught gives an average expenditure of $154 for group I counties and $215 for group VI counties. On the largest item in the school budget, teacher salaries, the small counties therefore spent 40 percent more per pupil than the large counties. The pattern of per-pupil expenditures decreasing, and then increas¬ ing, from group I to group VI held true for expenditures for instruc¬ tion, operation, maintenance, and fixed charges, as well as for total current expenditures. It can be explained by the conflicting factors described above. Current expenditures per pupil for administration increased con¬ siderably from group to group, from $4 in group I to $26 in group VI. The minimum base factor for the administration account outweighs the cost of living factor at every level. For example, while the pupil- teacher ratio remains relatively constant for groups I through IV, the ratio of pupils to administrators changes radically from group to group, ranging from 4,838 for group I to 299 for group VI (see table F) . Transportation expenditures per pupil also increased steadily, ranging from $7 in group I to $34 in group VI. As the population density of the county decreases more money per pupil is spent for school transportation. However, these expenditures tend to allevi¬ ate the even more costly expenditures for instruction. A distribution of current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance by population groups is presented in table K. An analysis of this table shows the following: Two-thirds of the county-units spent between $140 and $240 per pupil; only 1 county, classified in group III, spent less than $100; 4 counties, all in group VI, spent over $700; all of the 18 counties spending more than $460 were in groups V and VI; and the 9 counties spending more than $540 were in group VI. Other Current Expenditures. — Current expenditures not allocable to pupil costs — including outlays for community services, adult educa¬ tion and summer schools, and transfers to other districts for tuition and transportation — came to $8,365,701, or about 1 percent of all current expenditures. Other Expenditures. — Over $304 million was spent on expenditures which were other than current. About $244 million was spent for capital outlay, $43 million for debt retirement, and $18 million for interest on the debt. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table K. — Distribution of current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in county -unit school systems , by population of county: 1955-56 Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Under $100 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 $100.00-$1 19.99 . 10 2 6 2 $120.00— $139.99 . . 40 4 23 13 $140.00— $159.99 _ _ 94 2 40 35 15 2 $160.00— $179.99 . . . . 154 5 41 84 23 1 $180.00— $199.99 . . . 120 3 15 57 40 5 $200.00-$219.99 _ _ 61 2 10 28 15 5 1 $220.00— $239.99 _ _ 74 5 15 27 18 8 1 $240.00— $259.99 . . . 50 4 17 14 11 1 3 $260.00— $279.99_ . . 44 2 11 17 9 4 1 $280.00-$299.99 . . . 24 2 3 10 5 3 1 $300.00— $339.99 26 1 5 10 7 3 $340.00-$379.99 _ _ _ 10 1 1 6 2 $380. 00-$4 19.99 .. 9 1 1 6 1 $420.00-$459.99 8 1 2 2 3 $460.00-$499.99 . . 3 3 $500.00— $539.99 6 2 4 $540.00— $579.99 2 2 $580.00— $619.99 _ _ 1 1 $620.00— $659.99 _ 1 1 $660.00-$699.99 1 1 $700.00 and over . _ 4 4 Average per pupil . . . $205. 31 $228. 26 $195.00 $192.92 $208.23 $291.74 $392.26 Median per county... . 192.08 224.00 176.34 181.93 194.75 280. 00 460.00 Number of counties.. . . 743 26 159 309 165 52 32 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS.* COUNTY UNITS 21 Table 1 .—General statistical data of county -unit school systems , by popu¬ lation of county: 1955-56 Item All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10, COO- 24, 999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Full-time Public Day Schaols 1 * Number of school systems _ 743 26 159 309 165 52 32 Number of schools: Elementary.... _ _ 15, 428 1,757 5,452 6,327 1,517 271 104 Secondary _ _ 3, 787 465 1,407 1,417 373 90 35 Total . 19, 215 2,222 6, 859 7,744 1, 890 361 139 Number of administrative officers 3.. 1,485 235 466 457 225 65 37 Number of supervisors . . 1,398 354 493 422 110 13 6 Number of principals . 6, 604 1,731 2, 429 1,836 461 107 40 Number of classroom teachers: Elementary: Kindergarten (including nursery) . . . 396 169 128 30 35 25 9 Other elementary: Men... _ _ 9,557 1,766 3,140 3, 409 1,007 173 62 Women . . 86, 143 20, 032 32, 483 25, 693 6, 571 1,084 280 Total elementary _ 96, 096 21, 967 35, 751 29, 132 7,613 1,282 351 Secondary: Men... . . 22, 972 6,114 8, 073 6, 529 1,745 378 133 Women _ 31, 086 8, 796 11,562 8,339 1,963 336 90 Total secondary . . 54, 058 14,910 19, 635 14, 868 3, 708 714 223 Total classroom teachers _ 150, 154 36, 877 55, 386 44, 000 11, 321 1,996 574 Number of other nonsupervisory instructional staff* - - 1,858 1,017 484 253 76 25 3 Total instructional staff.. 160, 014 39, 979 58,792 46, 511 11,968 2,141 623 Number of clerks (for administra¬ tion and instruction): Full-time.- . 5, 497 2,222 1,820 1,051 311 72 21 Part-time . . . 795 253 236 204 66 23 13 Enrollment: Kindergarten . . 19, 880 9, 586 6, 838 1,183 1,248 777 248 Elementary . . 3, 107, 568 737,815 1, 165, 097 927, 842 234, 589 34, 746 7, 479 Secondary . . 1, 328, 036 389, 560 486, 028 351,367 84, 697 13, 046 3, 338 Total _ _ _ 4,455,484 1,136,961 1, 657, 963 1, 280, 392 320,534 48,569 11,065 Average daily attendance: Kindergarten . . . 16, 048 7,487 5, 674 1,037 1,042 622 186 Elementary . 2, 691,937 638, 396 1, 022, 973 796, 025 198, 572 29,478 6, 493 Secondary . . 1,161,865 335, 852 430, 745 307, 467 73, 379 11,439 2, 983 Total. . . 3. 869, 850 981,735 1,459, 392 1, 104, 529 272, 993 41, 539 9,662 II. Adult Education4 Number of counties with adult edu¬ cation programs 245 19 71 101 44 10 Number of instructional staff . 3,420 131, 045 1,536 83, 540 1,012 26,867 723 119 30 Enrollment . . . . . . 16,909 3,276 453 III. Summer Schools Number of counties with summer school programs. . . 75 13 27 25 6 2 2 Number of instructional staff . 878 362 289 186 27 4 10 Enrollment . . . 26, 124 12,477 8,430 3,779 958 182 298 1 Includes junior college data for 4 school systems with 3,596 junior college students and 127 junior college instructions staff members. , 3 Includes superintendents, deputy superintendents, assistant superintendents, and other administrative staff. 1 Includes librarians, guidance personnel, and psychological personnel. 4 Includes only organized publicly supported educational programs. Does not include activities which are primarily social. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 2. — Fiscal data of county -unit school systems, by population of county: 1955-56 Item All groups Group 1 Population 100,000 and over Group II Population 25,000- 99,999 Group III Population 10,000- 24,999 Group IV Population 5,000- 9,999 Group V Population 2,500- 4,999 Group VI Population under 2,500 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Receipts 1 * Revenue receipts from: Federal government and State _ $607,951, 082 $147,519,277 $226,159,943 $178,753,518 $45,241,569 $8, 171, 134 $2,105,641 County and other local governmental sources... 342,818,033 136,325,301 112,810,657 64,496, 935 20,207,911 6,399,914 2,577,315 Transfers from other school districts. — __ — 1,689,855 514,813 474,077 564,308 59, 500 62,154 15, 003 All other revenue receipts *. 15,120,915 2,774, 913 7,513,859 3,273,055 1,345,150 140,542 73,396 Total revenue receipts.. .. 967, 579,885 287, 134, 304 346,958,536 247,087,816 66,854,130 14,773,744 4,771,355 Total nonrevenue receipts. .. 154,607,691 62,940,622 52, 126,287 28,706,910 7,572,701 3,117,476 143,695 Total receipts... . 1, 122, 187, 576 350, 074, 926 399, 084, 823 275, 794, 726 74,426, 831 17, 891, 220 4, 915, 050 II. Expenditures 1 Current expenditures for full-time day schools: Administration.. . . 20, 595,812 4,334,703 6,829,087 6,180,971 2,346,581 656,225 248,245 Instruction: Salaries of instructional staff 3 _ 558,211,515 163,849,591 200,908,392 146,657,999 37,001,439 7,546,570 2,247,524 Other expenses 4 5 6 * _ 30,758,582 11,457,061 10, 150,686 6,304,702 2,105,272 535,000 205,861 Total _ 588,970,097 175,306,652 211,059,078 152,962,701 39,106,711 8,081,570 2,453,385 Operation _ 55, 305, 844 17,679,906 19,683,928 12,695,321 3,860,862 1,031,257 354,570 Maintenance. _ 30,085,862 9,846,932 10,849,930 6,924, 122 1,925,494 395,583 143,801 Other school services: Transportation.. . . 57,920,042 6,891,535 20,245,266 22,721,639 6,604,511 1,129,855 327,236 All other 8 . . . 28,368, 843 6, 138, 133 11,474,275 8,274,255 1,840,078 529, 377 112,725 Fixed charges 9 . . . 13,269,579 3,897,432 4,442,340 3,324,303 1,160,761 294,703 150,040 Total current expendi¬ tures for full-time day schools _ .. 794, 516, 079 224, 095, 293 284, 583, 904 213, 083, 312 56, 844, 998 12, 118, 570 3, 790, 002 Current expenditures not al¬ locable to per-pupil costs 7. 8,365,701 2,254,367 2,935,910 2,358,291 658,018 116,713 42,402 Total current expendi¬ tures _ _ 802, 881, 780 226, 349, 660 287, 519, 814 215, 441, 603 57, 503, 016 12, 235, 283 3,832,404 Capital outlay _ 243,708,415 82,938,171 98,120,983 44,068,884 14,474, 087 3,244,299 861,991 Interest . . . 17,655,042 7,211,170 5,840,549 3, 164, 988 877,635 479,383 81,317 Retirement of debt . . 42,930,527 14, 393,350 16, 041,943 9,049,787 2,310,596 907,323 227,528 i Includes junior college data for 4 school systems. 3 Includes fines, gifts, rents, interest, tuition from patrons, net receipts from the school lunch program and from stu¬ dent activities, etc. 3 Includes salaries of supervisors of instruction, principals, teachers, librarians, guidance personnel, and psychological personnel. 4 Includes salaries of clerks, textbooks free to pupils, school libraries, and supplies and other expenses of instruction. 5 Includes attendance services, health services, and net expenditures for the school lunch program and for student activities. 6 Includes rent, teacher retirement, insurance, taxes, etc. i Includes community services, adult education, summer schools, and fixed charges not allocated to per-pupil costs. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 23 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment, and attendance data for county-unit school systems, by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 2 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States... 1, 485 160, 014 3, 127, 448 1, 328, 036 2, 707, 985 1, 161, 865 Group 1 . . . . 235 39, 979 747, 401 389, 560 645, 883 335, 852 Group II.. _ _ 466 58, 792 1, 171, 935 486, 028 1, 028, 647 430, 745 Group III _ _ _ . 457 46, 511 929, 025 351, 367 797, 062 307, 467 Group IV _ . 225 11, 968 235, 837 84,697 199, 614 73, 379 Group V _ 65 2, 141 35, 523 13, 046 30, 100 11, 439 Group VI _ _ _ _ _ 37 623 7, 727 3, 338 6, 679 2,983 ALABAMA Group 1 . . ... 15 2,766 54, 580 30, 861 48, 578 27, 340 Mobile _ _ _ . .. .. 10 1,842 34, 369 20, 754 30, 531 18,311 Montgomery _ _ _ _ 5 924 20,211 10, 107 18, 047 9, 029 Group II . . . . 21 3,093 53, 730 35, 192 46, 370 30, 932 Baldwin . . . . 4 374 7, 101 4, 668 5, 887 4, 036 Butler. - - 1 270 4, 472 2, 799 3, 900 2, 429 Chilton _ _ _ 2 218 3, 673 2,618 3,194 2, 239 Clarke. _ _ 3 253 4, 006 2, 623 3, 585 2,311 Geneva . . . . 1 241 3, 690 2, 752 3,447 2, 553 Lawrence _ _ _ 1 228 4, 079 2, 655 3, 491 2, 263 Macon _ _ _ _ 1 242 4, 074 2,617 3,541 2, 299 Marshall . . . . _ 1 357 6, 348 4, 361 5, 641 3,854 Monroe _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 254 4,117 2, 621 3,773 2, 406 St. Clair... . . . . . . 2 218 3, 921 2, 564 3, 468 2, 237 Shelby.. _ _ 2 252 4,793 3, 165 4, 035 2, 732 Tallapoosa - - - 1 186 3, 456 1,749 2, 409 1,573 Group III . . . 32 3,756 61, 306 38, 245 52, 796 33, 627 Autauga - - - .. ... . 1 169 2, 839 1,678 2, 655 1,588 Bibb _ _ _ _ 1 146 2,413 1,616 2,078 1,449 Bullock _ _ _ _ 2 165 2, 878 1,455 2, 318 1,243 Cherokee . . . . 1 154 2, 542 1,625 2,257 1,489 Choctaw _ .. .. .. ... 1 184 3, 040 1,993 2, 599 1,762 Clay.. _ _ _ _ 1 134 1,813 1,425 1,656 1,305 Cleburne _ _ 1 98 1,634 1,150 1,403 997 Conecuh _ 4 212 3, 067 2, 140 2, 793 1,919 Coosa _ .. . . . 1 104 1,655 1,096 1,451 950 Crenshaw _ . 1 161 2, 583 1,687 2, 200 1,460 Fayette _ _ . .. 1 143 2,484 1,787 2, 081 1,573 Greene . . . . 2 166 2,511 1,674 2, 229 1,436 Hale . . . . 1 213 3,751 1,945 3, 299 1,686 Henry . . . . . 1 150 2, 728 1,745 2, 477 1,559 Lamar _ _ 1 142 2,111 1,470 1,796 1,251 Lowndes... . . . . . 2 189 3, 094 1,598 2,618 1,355 Perry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 175 3,219 1,754 2, 606 1,595 Pickens _ 1 221 3, 666 2, 435 3, 200 2,146 Sumter _ _ 2 233 3, 767 2, 268 3,159 1,875 Washington _ 1 199 2, 799 1,572 2, 227 1,391 Wilcox . . . 1 251 4, 246 2, 462 3, 642 2,167 Winston - - - 3 147 2, 466 1,670 2, 052 1,431 CALIFORNIA Group III Plumas . . . . 8 128 1,624 1,121 1,517 1,101 Group IV Mariposa . . . . 2 43 607 203 586 202 Group VI _ 4 38 446 129 418 126 Alpine 3 1 3 44 39 Sierra . . . . . 3 35 402 129 379 126 See footnotes at end of table. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , and attendance data for county -unit school systems , by State , population group , ami individual county: 1955-56 — Con. Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance State, population group, and county Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 2 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 COLORADO Group II Jefferson . . 18 749 12, 430 6, 862 11,112 6,135 Group III Delta . . . . 3 162 1,808 1,727 1,701 1,624 Group V Archuleta . . . . 3 36 468 118 463 116 Group VI... _ _ _ _ 2 22 228 126 204 115 Mineral. . . 1 7 85 33 74 24 San Juan . . . 1 15 143 93 130 91 FLORIDA Group 1 . . . ... 77 15, 663 275, 587 167, 120 231, 500 139, 203 Dade. . . . . 33 4, 664 78, 401 47, 446 65, 984 39, 132 Duval _ _ _ _ 10 2, 592 49, 977 27, 684 43, 160 23, 457 Escambia 4 . . . . 2 1,190 20,717 13, 962 17, 642 11,059 Hillsborough... _ _ _ 12 2, 190 38, 278 23, 793 32,114 19, 986 Orange . . . 1 1,282 22, 789 13, 186 18, 901 11,108 Palm Beach 4 . . . 6 1,063 20, 001 10, 984 16, 242 9,150 Pinellas 4 . . . 11 1,398 21,591 16, 390 18, 043 13, 587 Polk... . 2 1,284 23,833 13, 675 19,414 11, 724 Group II _ _ 53 6,658 113, 925 64, 213 93, 285 54, 088 Alachua . . . . . 5 558 8, 628 4, 951 7, 481 4, 308 Bay _ _ _ _ 1 447 8, 362 4, 394 6, 969 3, 997 Broward . . . . 6 1,288 23, 895 13, 423 19, 456 11, 052 Gadsden . . . . 3 316 6,256 2, 844 4, 989 2, 389 Jackson 4 . . . . 7 402 6, 344 3,712 4, 955 3, 408 Lake... . . . . 5 396 6, 693 3, 825 5, 368 3, 241 Leon . . . . . 5 565 8, 273 5, 014 7,125 4, 265 Manatee . . . 2 358 6, 517 3, 527 5, 326 3,011 Marion. . . . . 1 427 6, 390 4, 303 5, 469 3, 762 Monroe . . . 2 234 4, 444 2,153 3, 386 1,678 Okaloosa _ _ _ _ 6 335 5, 884 2, 966 4, 652 2, 459 Sarasota _ _ _ _ 3 369 5, 354 3, 870 4, 200 3,226 Seminole . . . 3 261 6,175 1,406 4, 960 1, 130 Volusia _ _ _ _ 4 702 10,710 7,825 8, 949 6,162 Group III . . . . 37 4, 072 69, 447 36, 620 58, 421 30, 714 Bradford. . . . . . 1 128 1,856 1,234 1,747 1,093 Brevard . . . . 3 334 6, 496 3, 509 5,160 2, 847 Clay . . 3 121 2, 637 951 1,991 755 Columbia . . . 1 222 3,153 2, 175 2, 693 1,517 Hardee.. _ _ _ _ 1 101 1,796 1,080 1,492 942 Highlands . . . . 2 168 2, 479 1,609 1,915 1,370 Holmes... . . . 1 147 2, 015 1,451 1,724 1,255 Indian River . . . . 1 129 2,165 1,314 1,932 1,149 Jefferson . . . . 2 113 1,652 923 1,465 821 Lee. . . . . 4 257 4, 599 3, 056 3, 661 2, 547 Levy. . . . 1 119 1,568 967 1,350 842 Madison . . . . 1 164 2, 744 1,524 2, 236 1,316 Nassau . . . . . 1 166 2, 494 1, 530 2, 191 1,348 Osceola _ _ _ 1 104 1,469 951 1,268 821 Pasco . . . . . 2 209 3, 673 2, 298 2, 958 1,902 Putnam... . . . . 1 256 5, 379 1,277 4, 975 1,159 St. Johns. . . 2 190 3, 366 1,913 2,815 1,347 St. Lucie . . . . 1 212 4, 082 2, 149 3, 382 1,792 Santa Rosa . . . 1 215 4, 709 723 3, 833 604 Sumter.. . . . 2 123 1,651 1, 163 1,440 1,049 Suwannee . . . . 1 183 3,356 1,001 2,821 829 Taylor.. . . . 1 122 1,909 1,138 1,715 1,009 Walton. . . . 2 156 2, 425 1,430 2,068 1,259 Washington . 1 133 1, 774 1,254 1,589 1, 141 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 25 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment , and attendance data for county-unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers1 Instruc¬ tional staff * Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 FLORIDA— Continued Group IV . 21 1, 021 16, 427 8, 900 13, 645 7, 628 Baker. . . . . 1 75 1,170 642 980 544 Calhoun . . 1 100 1,293 858 1,230 825 Citrus. . . . 2 73 912 619 853 510 Collier . . . . . 2 98 1,995 934 1,434 757 De Sota . 2 79 1,695 321 1,365 271 Franklin . . 2 61 861 551 704 473 Gulf... . . 1 102 1,642 982 1,366 844 Hamilton . . . 1 112 1,635 1,025 1,319 838 Hendry. _ _ 4 67 1,138 650 900 551 Hernando _ _ _ _ 1 71 1,174 634 1,099 575 Martin. . . . 2 77 1,444 776 1,119 638 Union . . 1 41 628 368 564 331 Wakulla _ _ 1 65 840 540 712 471 Group V . . 7 289 4, 306 2, 440 3, 470 2,047 Charlotte... . 1 34 603 315 438 242 Dixie . 1 49 762 389 610 337 Flagler . . . . 1 41 703 312 560 242 Gilchrist . . . 1 46 571 361 477 313 Lafayette _ _ _ _ 1 35 461 331 381 281 Liberty. . . . 1 42 525 329 436 287 Okeechobee. . . 1 42 681 403 568 345 Group VI Glades. . 2 27 291 171 276 161 GEORGIA Group 1 . . . 17 3, 797 91, 703 30, 955 75, 793 26, 172 Bibb.. . . . 2 947 20, 738 7, 340 18, 461 6, 340 Chatham . . . . 6 1, 011 23, 784 9, 556 20, 458 8,112 Muscogee.. . . . 4 952 26, 627 7, 303 20, 309 6, 225 Richmond . 5 887 20, 554 6, 756 16, 565 5, 495 Group II . 10 1, 367 31, 007 10, 720 26, 389 9,480 Baldwin . . . . . 2 153 3,334 1,125 2,850 1,026 Clarke . 1 269 6,154 2,255 4,840 1,959 Dougherty. . . . 2 415 9,411 2,874 8,911 2,624 Glynn . . . . . . . 4 276 5,989 2,461 4,832 2,130 Spalding . . 1 254 6,119 2,005 4,956 1,741 Group III . . . 65 7, 348 162, 371 55, 262 127, 559 46, 171 Appling . . . 1 146 3,165 1,229 2,577 1,007 Berrien . . . 1 130 2,877 1,024 2,237 866 Bulloch _ _ 1 217 4,918 1,687 3,818 1,474 Burke . . . . 1 205 5,077 1,211 3,557 974 Catoosa . . . 1 145 3,688 1,371 3,020 1,140 Chattahoochee 4 . 1 15 319 93 259 77 Clayton . . . 2 265 6,835 2,074 5, 545 1,723 Coffee . . . . 1 231 5,135 1,881 3, 989 1,600 Cook . . . . . . 1 109 2,458 984 1,896 784 Decatur . . . 1 241 4,862 1,774 4,022 1,552 Dodge . . . . . 1 165 3,604 1,218 2,875 980 Dooly. . 1 126 2,808 823 2,225 722 Douglas . 1 117 2,792 1,025 2,270 887 Early . . . . 1 176 3, 203 1,134 2,718 987 Elbert . . . 1 108 2,195 663 1,831 569 Emanuel . . . . .. 1 186 3,842 1,400 2,972 1,173 Fannin. . . . 3 127 2,820 1,093 2,298 922 Forsyth . . 1 91 2,310 776 1,771 632 Franklin . 1 1 123 2,666 1,162 2,191 992 See footnotes at end of table. 502828 — 59 - 3 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , and attendance data for county-unit school systems, by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance State, population group, and county Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 2 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 GEORGIA— Continued Grady _ 1 173 3,892 1,462 3,092 1,221 Greene - - 1 122 2,397 900 1,949 771 Hancock - - 1 104 2,453 581 1,657 428 Harris _ _ _ _ _ 1 101 2,259 645 1,783 525 Hart _ _ 1 123 2,354 1,059 2,181 884 Henry - - - - 2 155 3,209 1,091 2,711 952 Houston _ _ - 4 261 6,353 1,718 4,927 1,441 Irwin _ 1 111 2,262 910 1,787 743 Jefferson . . . . . 3 180 4,079 1,213 3,007 1,017 Jenkins - - 2 96 2,139 685 1,665 549 McDuffie _ _ _ _ 1 110 2,479 749 1,937 624 Macon _ _ _ 1 115 2,969 810 2,135 637 Madison . . - 1 109 2,280 819 1,769 669 Meriwether _ 1 174 3,709 1,366 2,998 1,059 Monroe - - - 1 98 1,868 677 1,524 582 Morgan - - - - 1 105 2,376 796 1,718 618 Murray - - - 1 93 2,167 725 1,669 611 Newton ... - 1 156 3,694 1,380 2,874 1,163 Paulding _ _ .. 1 87 2,288 869 1,803 709 Peach _ _ 1 110 2,560 903 2,193 802 Pierce _ 2 119 2,240 1,031 1,875 875 Randolph _ 1 126 2,365 844 1,863 720 Screven _ _ _ 1 164 3,288 964 2,723 856 Tattnall _ _ 1 152 2,842 1,285 2,289 1,078 Telfair - - 1 141 2,611 997 2,157 843 Terrell . - - - 1 111 2,863 735 2,089 620 Tift _ 2 205 5,130 1,654 3,681 1,335 Turner _ _ . 1 94 1,893 693 1,523 578 Washington _ 1 169 3,664 1,231 2,668 1,026 Wayne _ _ _ 1 173 3,724 1,370 2,989 1,134 Wilcox. - - 1 90 1,830 607 1,410 546 Wilkes _ 1 117 2,378 729 1,812 617 Worth _ _ _ 2 181 4,182 1,142 3,030 877 Group IV _ _ 62 3, 913 82, 189 28, 181 65, 202 23,367 Atkinson _ _ _ 2 79 1,704 521 1,354 435 Bacon _ 1 89 1,845 717 1,566 617 Baker _ 1 62 1,130 310 942 263 Banks _ _ _ _ _ 1 48 1,077 451 861 378 Brantley _ 1 82 1,366 599 1,174 515 Bryan _ 1 68 1,384 467 1,131 403 Butts _ _ _ 1 80 1,778 602 1,523 534 Calhoun _ 1 91 1,879 680 1,414 554 Camden _ _ 1 92 1,876 744 1,601 629 Candler _ 1 70 1,477 509 1, 101 417 Clay _ _ _ 1 51 1,057 325 887 267 Clinch . . . . . 1 66 1,597 425 1,174 329 Columbia _ _ _ _ 1 113 2,516 585 1,962 484 Crawford _ _ _ 1 60 1,171 387 913 308 Dade _ _ _ 1 65 1,679 520 1,326 425 Effingham _ _ _ 1 101 1,877 683 1,601 574 Evans _ _ _ 1 67 1,364 536 1,115 462 Fayette _ _ _ _ _ 1 75 1,624 504 1,347 420 Gilmer _ _ _ _ 1 82 1,913 647 1,499 532 Heard. _ _ _ 1 65 1,416 369 1,111 304 Jasper. _ _ _ Jeff Davis _ 1 61 1,249 459 1,015 377 1 104 2,198 853 1,745 695 Johnson _ _ _ _ 3 94 1,841 607 1,386 473 Jones _ _ _ _ _ 1 77 1,554 532 1,310 460 Lanier. . . . . . . 1 50 1,062 387 771 306 Lee _ 2 61 1,675 435 1,116 308 Liberty - - - - 3 101 2, 372 767 1,915 632 Lincoln _ 1 57 1,258 386 996 308 Lumpkin.. . . . . 1 60 1,264 395 1,022 330 McIntosh _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table. 1 65 1, 336 455 1, 133 396 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 27 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , and attendance data for county -unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 3 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 GEORGIA— Continued Marion _ _ _ _ 1 65 1,404 491 1,123 406 Miller _ _ _ _ _ 1 87 1,712 647 1,469 572 Montgomery _ _ _ 1 69 1,334 581 1, 020 485 Oconee _ 2 64 1,318 523 964 424 Oglethorpe _ 1 85 1,742 680 1,383 521 Pickens _ _ _ _ 1 80 1,652 586 1,315 491 Pike _ 1 82 1,881 424 1,479 332 Pulaski _ _ _ 3 86 1,864 592 1,484 471 Putnam _ 1 78 1,518 557 1,245 476 Rabun _ 1 78 1,485 718 1,254 623 Rockdale _ _ _ 1 70 1,753 536 1,428 450 Seminole _ 1 82 1,616 586 1,397 517 Stewart _ 1 86 1,863 550 1,337 429 Talbot . . . 1 75 1,423 575 1,110 442 Taylor _ _ _ 1 91 1,897 634 1, 539 581 Treutlen _ _ _ _ 1 59 1,198 438 946 370 Twiggs... . . . 1 83 1,819 605 1,365 474 Union _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 69 1,227 573 1,025 496 Warren _ _ _ 1 68 1,744 395 972 316 Wheeler _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 72 1,151 517 922 423 White _ 2 59 1,333 533 1,052 454 Wilkinson . . . . . . 1 89 1,716 583 1,362 479 Group V . . . . . 11 345 7, 188 2, 356 5, 736 1,985 Charlton. _ . ... .. . 1 59 1,145 425 956 351 Dawson.. . _ 1 34 856 186 663 162 Glascock . . . . . 1 33 642 277 457 213 Long.. - - - - 2 47 792 285 713 259 Quitman _ _ _ 1 29 655 217 474 184 Schley _ _ 1 37 813 249 607 195 Taliaferro _ _ _ 2 36 669 259 581 225 Towns _ _ 1 43 788 335 699 302 Webster _ _ _ _ _ 1 27 828 123 586 94 Group VI Echols . . . . . . 1 27 536 130 404 106 IDAHO Group III . . . 4 417 7, 897 2, 766 7, 120 2, 581 Bonner _ _ _ _ 1 148 2, 950 922 2,571 855 Cassia. _ _ _ _ _ 2 146 2, 665 935 2, 432 898 Jefferson _ _ _ .. _ _ 1 123 2, 282 909 2,117 828 Group IV . . . 9 475 8,754 3,136 8, 140 2,903 Bear Lake . . . 2 80 1, 339 543 1, 245 491 Blaine... . . . . 1 53 794 309 724 265 Boundary . . 1 55 1,098 364 1,033 347 Fremont _ _ 2 82 1,607 568 1,406 494 Gem.. _ 1 75 1,446 552 1,392 526 Minidoka _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 130 2,470 800 2, 340 780 Group V . . . . 2 80 1,409 555 1, 334 532 Oneida _ _ _ _ 1 45 754 292 733 289 Teton _ _ 1 35 655 263 601 243 Group VI . . . 2 28 363 134 297 116 Camas _ _ _ 1 15 192 72 160 67 Clark . . . . . 1 13 171 62 137 49 See footnotes at end of table. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment , and attendance data for county -unit school systems, by State, population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance State, population group, and county Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff,2 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ILLINOIS Group III Jersey - - 2 119 2, 041 772 1,946 732 Group IV - - - 6 267 4, 264 1, 530 3, 919 1, 410 Brown. - - - 1 52 874 310 769 283 Edwards _ - 2 74 1,200 472 1,115 428 Schuyler . . . - . 2 66 1,149 382 1,099 366 Scott . . . - 1 75 1,041 366 936 333 INDIANA Group IV Brown - - 1 59 1,486 390 1,173 333 KANSAS Group VI Greeley - 1 31 396 129 367 119 KENTUCKY Group II Floyd - - - - 1 452 11,472 2, 552 9, 548 2,298 Group III - - 26 2, 857 64, 659 17, 732 54, 701 15, 607 Adair - - - 1 137 3,013 578 2, 488 504 Bath _ _ _ 1 82 1,829 412 1,583 356 Bullitt . . . . 1 104 2, 497 462 2, 302 448 Butler _ 1 82 1,887 573 1,539 501 Caldwell _ _ 1 99 1,719 1,111 1,550 914 Carter.. - - - - - - 1 174 3, 966 1,817 3, 432 1,589 Clay.. _ _ _ _ 1 195 5, 680 616 4, 559 518 Fleming _ _ _ .. _ 1 86 2, 040 444 1,785 384 Green _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 79 1,692 373 1, 507 340 Hart . . . 1 85 2,410 492 2, 013 411 Jackson . . . 1 116 2, 079 1,152 1,752 1,069 Jessamine . . . . . 1 85 1,823 498 1,622 443 Knott . . . . . . . 1 191 4,910 786 3, 886 767 Lawrence.. . . . 1 126 2,514 804 2, 108 674 Leslie - - - 1 162 3, 898 650 3, 203 534 McLean . . . 1 74 1,433 896 1,212 775 Magoffin _ _ _ 1 136 2,710 440 2, 309 386 Martin. _ _ _ _ 1 112 2, 857 505 2, 346 426 Monroe . . . . 1 102 2, 228 762 1,910 705 Morgan _ _ _ _ _ 1 114 2, 326 775 1,953 692 Ohio - - - - - 1 157 3, 404 1,041 2, 960 905 Oldham. - - - 1 80 1,971 455 1, 635 404 Rowan. . . . 1 89 1,986 653 1,696 558 Russell _ _ _ _ 1 105 2, 436 544 2,106 470 Simpson . . . . 2 85 1,351 893 1,245 834 Group IV . . . 23 1, 286 28, 396 8, 202 24, 323 7,136 Anderson _ _ _ ... 1 55 1,461 407 1,315 362 Ballard . . . . . 3 79 1,598 494 1,336 433 Carlisle _ 1 45 866 343 761 303 Cumberland . . . 1 73 1,590 347 1,322 302 Edmonson _ _ _ 1 70 1,446 603 1,214 506 Elliott... . . 1 75 1,576 373 1,381 327 Hancock _ _ 1 40 932 249 827 217 Hickman . . . 1 50 1,083 285 961 252 Larue _ _ _ 1 65 1,403 812 1,201 655 Lee _ _ _ _ 1 76 1,590 574 1,266 473 Livingston _ _ _ _ 1 48 1,299 380 1,120 342 Lyon . . . . . Meade . . . . 1 48 660 524 573 487 1 80 2,309 444 2,010 395 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! COUNTY UNITS 29 Table 3 .—Personnel, enrollment , and attendance data for county-unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance State, population group, and county Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff1 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 KENTUCKY-Continued Metcalfe. . . . 1 71 1,496 251 1,254 212 Owen . . 1 68 1,479 347 1,207 306 Owsley _ _ _ 1 56 1,270 191 1,054 159 Powell . . . . . 1 58 1,179 396 1,064 370 Spencer . . . . 1 33 953 195 837 179 Trigg.. . . . . 1 79 1,640 439 1,514 390 Trimble . . 1 39 1,002 265 821 233 Wolfe . . 1 78 1,564 283 1,285 233 Group V . 3 112 2,161 567 1, 840 487 Gallatin . . . . 1 31 717 200 616 172 Menifee _ _ _ _ _ 1 63 1,052 260 872 219 Robertson. . . 1 18 392 107 352 96 LOUISIANA Group 1 . . 19 3, 528 78, 425 19, 247 70, 993 17, 479 Caddo . . . . 4 1,475 32, 525 8, 746 28, 599 7, 630 East Baton Rouge . . 11 1,275 26, 385 6, 628 24, 764 6. 431 Jefferson _ _ 4 778 19, 515 3, 873 17, 630 3,418 Group II - - 63 8, 284 179, 536 48,411 160, 326 43, 627 Acadia . . . . 1 328 7,121 2, 010 6, 568 1,788 Avoyelles . . . . 2 322 6,152 2,084 5, 578 1,906 Bossier. . . . 1 404 9, 000 2,197 7, 785 1,973 Claiborne . . 3 231 4, 469 1,250 4, 025 1,110 Evangeline . . 3 282 6,315 1,576 5, 660 1,456 Franklin _ _ 4 313 6, 100 1,641 5,615 1,582 Iberia . . . . 1 343 7,836 1,830 6,912 1,646 Iberville . . . . 2 223 4, 880 5, 680 1,228 1,596 4, 501 5, 239 1,129 1,435 Jefferson Davis . . . . 3 272 Lafayette . 2 382 8, 653 2, 098 7, 583 1,927 Lafourche . . . . . 1 398 8, 754 1,909 8, 202 1,784 Lincoln . 4 219 4,111 1,387 3, 801 1,275 Morehouse . . . . 4 311 6, 890 1,560 6, 353 1,514 Natchitoches . . 6 391 6, 087 2, 799 5, 447 2,506 Rapides . . . . 2 648 14, 899 4,216 13, 243 3, 687 Richland... . . . . . . 1 270 5, 878 1,623 5,314 1,466 St. Landry . 1 635 15,719 3, 639 12, 896 3, 062 St. Martin . . . . . . 1 184 4,356 1,118 3, 732 965 St. Mary . . . . 2 306 7, 890 1,739 6, 945 1,548 St Tammany . . . 9 254 5, 361 1,393 4,958 1,270 Tangipahoa _ _ _ _ _ 1 448 10, 500 3, 066 9, 204 2, 773 2 379 9,319 2, 034 8, 455 1,855 Vermilion . . . . 1 331 5, 627 1,874 5,174 1,694 Webster . . . . 6 410 7, 939 2, 544 7,136 2, 276 Group III . . . 46 5, 044 102, 063 30, 612 91, 578 27, 235 Allen . . . . 1 191 4,016 1,153 3, 650 1,056 Ascension _ _ _ 1 207 4,353 1,222 4, 064 1,130 Assumption . 1 121 3, 145 709 2,819 648 Beauregard . . . 3 212 4,181 1,234 3, 826 1, 135 Bienville . . . . . 4 211 3, 556 1,280 3,216 1,150 Caldwell . 1 102 1,785 634 1,675 578 Catahoula . 1 131 2, 496 665 2, 288 594 Concordia . . . 1 143 3, 608 814 3, 096 714 De Soto . . . . 1 285 5,422 1,657 4, 946 1,464 East Carroll . 2 127 2,717 1,426 2, 256 1,139 East Feliciana . . . 1 137 3, 077 721 2, 549 594 Grant . 1 157 2, 385 1,354 2,319 1,235 Jackson . . . . 1 176 3,007 1,081 2, 868 1,015 La Salle. . 1 132 2, 275 1,073 2,181 950 Livingston . 1 229 4, 901 1,374 4, 527 1, 223 Madison . 1 145 3. 772 792 3, 061 644 Plaquemines. . 1 171 3, 554 716 2, 974 630 See footnotes at end of table. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , and attendance data for county -unit school systems , by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers1 Instruc¬ tional staff 1 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 LOUISIANA— Continued Point Coupee . . . 1 176 4, 208 1,022 3, 589 822 Red River... _ _ 4 115 2, 370 610 2,120 547 Sabine. . . 1 239 3,589 1,350 3,453 1,300 St. Bernard _ _ _ _ 1 146 3, 694 519 3, 396 462 St. Charles _ 1 133 2, 853 790 2, 573 727 St. James . . . . 1 149 3,139 994 2.919 935 St. John the Baptist _ 4 134 2, 544 948 2, 298 838 Tensas . . . . . . 1 116 2, 983 689 2, 574 557 Union . . . . 1 198 3, 477 1,321 3,145 1,205 Vernon _ _ _ _ 1 245 4,410 1,279 3, 748 1,136 West Baton Rouge. . . . . 1 109 2, 280 680 2, 065 613 West Carroll... _ _ _ 1 174 3, 574 1,088 3, 068 897 West Feliciana _ _ _ 4 85 1,868 526 1.623 474 Winn _ 1 148 2,824 891 2,692 823 Group IV... . 2 197 3,391 896 3,109 817 Cameron.. _ _ 1 84 1,358 321 1,226 286 St. Helena _ _ 1 113 2, 033 575 1,883 531 MARYLAND Group 1. . . . . . 68 7,530 132, 633 73, 028 115, 656 64, 446 Anne Arundel . . . . 11 1,111 18,299 10,471 16,964 9,810 Baltimore... _ _ 35 2,394 42,551 25,710 35,921 22,249 Montgomery... . . . . 16 2,117 37,838 17,405 33,268 15, 551 Prince Georges _ _ 6 1,908 33, 945 19,442 29,503 16,836 Group II . . . 25 3,648 57, 987 39, 259 52, 112 35, 896 Allegany _ _ _ _ 3 632 8, 546 7,310 7,912 6,839 Carroll . . . . . 1 375 5,358 3,951 5,005 3,727 Cecil . . . . 1 330 5,978 3,273 4,853 2,787 Dorchester . . . . 1 214 3,189 2,239 3,015 2,106 Frederick _ _ 2 450 7,490 5,289 6,654 4,729 Harford.. . . _ _ _ 7 509 8,194 4,966 7,659 4,693 St. Marys . . . 1 172 3,524 1,633 2,838 1,495 Washington . . . 8 651 10, 350 7,206 9,390 6,534 Wicomico . . ... 1 315 5,358 3,392 4,786 2,986 Group III _ 17 1, 812 27, 071 17, 640 23, 840 15,704 Calvert. . . 2 140 2,311 1,304 1,993 1,142 Caroline _ 1 169 2, 540 1,670 2,247 1,492 Charles.. _ _ _ _ 1 253 4,048 2,535 3,439 2,154 Garrett _ 3 187 2, 801 2,000 2,474 1,810 Howard . . . . . . 1 237 3, 574 2,359 3,039 2,097 Kent _ 1 137 1,798 1,201 1,701 1,118 Queen Annes _ _ 2 144 2,078 1,403 1,819 1,213 Somerset _ _ 1 170 2,515 1,666 2,255 1,493 Talbot _ 3 172 2,257 1,527 2,103 1,455 Worcester _ _ _ 2 203 3,149 1,975 2,770 1,730 MINNESOTA Group IV Lake _ _ _ 2 119 2,065 1,003 1,693 886 Group V Cook _ 1 42 695 402 542 336 MISSISSIPPI Group III _ _ _ 8 194 5,747 1, 209 4, 388 1, 003 Carroll _ _ _ 5 114 3,364 715 2,482 579 Jefferson . . . . 3 80 2,383 494 1,906 424 See footnotes at end of, table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 31 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, and attendance data for county-unit school systems, by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 2 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NEBRASKA Group VI . . 2 43 419 158 384 149 Banner _ _ _ _ 1 23 190 51 180 44 Hooker _ _ . 1 20 229 107 204 105 NEVADA Group II _ 16 1, 279 27, 642 6,045 23, 416 5,486 Clark _ _ 12 843 15, 726 3, 371 14, 878 3,313 Washoe _ _ 4 436 11,916 2, 674 8, 538 2,173 Group III Elko. . . . .. . . 1 141 2, 285 597 1,844 510 Group IV.. - - . 9 281 5,700 1, 639 4, 968 1,449 Churchill. . . . . . 5 68 1,306 453 1,049 374 Mineral _ 2 94 2, 067 488 1,780 420 White Pine _ 2 119 2, 327 698 2, 139 655 Group V - - - 10 307 5,072 1, 587 4,202 1,334 Humboldt * _ _ _ 1 68 1,069 298 876 246 Lincoln _ 1 45 694 245 555 214 Lyon _ _ _ 5 73 1,026 460 933 376 Nye _ 1 40 717 148 524 113 Ormsby _ 1 45 979 262 834 234 Pershing • _ 1 36 587 174 480 151 Group VI . . . 4 78 1,070 300 797 244 Douglas « _ 3 28 376 134 300 107 Esmeralda _ _ _ 4 104 61 Eureka _ 1 15 148 34 110 31 Lander _ _ 23 360 91 263 70 Storey. . . . . . . 8 82 41 63 36 NEW MEXICO Group 1 Bernalillo _ _ _ 3 1,415 25, 913 14,912 23, 290 12, 720 Group III Los Alamos . . . . . 1 144 2, 280 866 2, 169 832 NORTH CAROLINA Group II . . 14 3,989 90,511 25, 363 80, 764 22, 387 Bertie _ 1 239 5, 585 1,549 4, 849 1 334 Bladen _ _ _ 2 294 7, 255 2, 001 6, 265 1,763 Chatham _ _ _ 1 225 5,448 1, 505 4, 888 1,373 Duplin _ • _ 1 377 8, 467 2,652 7, 774 2, 327 Harnett _ _ _ 2 436 9, 823 2, 900 9, 061 2, 566 Johnston _ 1 663 13, 996 4, 003 12, 795 3, 550 Martin.. _ _ _ 1 286 6,335 1, 634 5, 673 1,438 New Hanover . . . . 2 536 12, 432 3, 649 11,006 3,214 Northampton _ _ _ 1 238 6, 450 1,395 5, 397 1,222 Onslow _ _ _ _ _ 1 307 6,125 1,375 5,138 1,169 Rutherford _ _ _ 1 388 8, 595 2,700 7,918 2,431 Group III. _ _ _ 25 4, 067 94, 329 26, 649 84, 090 23, 673 Alexander _ _ _ 1 130 3, 038 879 2, 770 785 Ashe _ _ _ 1 179 4, 090 1,269 3, 635 1,129 Avery _ 1 124 2, 950 888 2,614 746 Brunswick _ _ 1 191 4, 374 1,309 3, 874 1, 163 See footnotes at end of table* 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment, and attendance data for county-unit school systems, by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance State, population group, and county Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 2 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 NORTH CAROLINA— Continued Carteret . . . . . 1 199 4, 523 1,272 4, 185 1,173 Caswell.. _ _ 1 202 4, 956 1,256 4, 052 1,086 Davie . . . . 1 125 2, 737 829 2, 565 718 Greene _ _ 1 182 4, 035 1,112 3, 652 983 Hertford _ _ 1 198 5,014 1,147 4, 279 1,012 Hoke _ 1 140 3, 596 783 2, 991 650 Jackson.. _ _ 1 153 3, 401 918 3, 301 861 Jones . . . 1 103 2, 461 727 2, 181 675 Macon _ _ 1 132 3, 146 857 2, 740 746 Madison _ _ 1 158 3, 463 1,057 3, 147 966 Mitchell _ 1 126 3,013 863 2,615 744 Montgomery _ _ . 1 171 3, 783 968 3, 382 862 Pender _ ... . . . . 1 182 4, 057 1,253 3, 651 1,113 Person... _ _ _ _ 1 226 5, 499 1,658 4, 879 1,431 Stokes _ 1 188 4, 365 1, 181 3, 895 1,073 Transylvania . . . 1 132 3, 285 795 2, 877 698 Warren... _ _ _ _ _ 1 216 5, 043 1,465 4, 640 1,309 Washington _ 1 123 2, 902 770 2,575 678 Watauga. _ _ _ _ 1 153 3, 162 1,012 2, 788 897 Yadkin _ _ _ 1 190 4,205 1,419 3, 721 1,249 Yancey . . . . 1 144 3, 231 962 3, 081 919 Group IV - - 12 763 16, 870 4,977 15, 230 4, 376 Alleghany _ 1 63 1,501 366 1,326 336 Camden . . . . 1 49 1,103 285 1,006 253 Clay _ 1 53 1,239 339 1,082 291 Currituck _ _ _ ... 1 65 1,233 316 1, 105 280 Dare _ _ _ _ 1 44 982 312 883 276 Gates. . . . . . 1 84 1,898 571 1,704 503 Graham. . . . 1 62 1,362 388 1,245 355 Hyde _ 1 55 1,070 331 977 291 Pamlico.. . . . . 1 86 1,956 687 1,812 578 Perquimans. . . . . 1 80 1,860 552 1,683 499 Swain... . . . . 1 76 1,733 508 1,538 428 Tyrrell. . . . . 1 46 933 322 869 286 OREGON Group III Lincoln _ _ _ 3 201 4,315 1,278 3,361 1,047 Group IV Crook _ _ _ _ 1 97 1,903 613 1,627 537 SOUTH CAROLINA Group 1 Greenville _ _ _ _ _ 11 1,468 29, 465 13, 034 25, 787 11,387 Group II . . 83 5,637 115, 998 48,130 99, 097 41, 763 Aiken _ _ _ 10 667 13, 193 6, 033 11,381 5, 392 Berkeley _ _ _ 1 392 8,014 3, 028 6, 928 2, 629 Cherokee _ _ ... _ _ 3 280 5, 371 2, 665 4, 629 2, 385 Chester _ _ _ 4 281 5,479 2, 606 4, 626 2, 232 Darlington . . ... _ 4 428 9, 565 3, 744 8,156 3,183 Georgetown _ _ _ _ 4 360 6, 706 3, 394 5,910 2, 952 Horry. _ _ _ 3 609 12, 359 5, 508 10, 553 4, 809 Kershaw _ 8 319 7, 167 2, 073 6, 033 1,785 Lancaster _ _ _ 1 366 7,615 3, 054 6, 732 2, 629 Marlboro. _ _ _ _ 7 266 6, 428 1,987 4, 900 1,558 Newberry _ _ _ _ 10 271 5, 245 2, 114 4, 572 1,922 Oconee _ _ 11 320 5, 926 3, 327 5, 089 2, 855 Pickens. . . . . . 6 373 7, 378 2, 957 6, 500 2, 533 Union _ _ _ _ 4 257 5, 396 2, 081 4, 633 1,834 Williamsburg . . . . . . 7 448 10, 156 3, 559 8, 455 3, 065 See footnotes at end of table; LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 33 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , and attendance data for county -unit school systems , by Statef population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 3 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 SOUTH CAROLI N A— Continued Group III . 20 1,077 23, 289 8,203 19, 306 7,125 Abbeville . . . . 4 172 3,802 1,394 3,291 1,206 Allendale . . . 2 130 2,687 770 2,240 687 Edgefield . . . 2 142 3, 506 808 2,897 775 Fairfield _ _ 2 218 4,098 1,719 3,514 1,494 Jasper . . . . 4 141 2,361 1,361 2,031 1,145 Lee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 186 5,253 1,216 4,024 1,011 Saluda . . . 2 88 1,582 935 1,309 807 Group IV McCormick . - 2 80 1,940 557 1,529 494 SOUTH DAKOTA Group IV Shannon * . . 1 21 283 218 Group V Todd . . 2 70 780 152 647 143 Group VI Washabaugh * . . 1 13 104 97 TENNESSEE Group II . 25 2,978 62, 163 23, 770 55,905 21,262 Campbell . 1 326 7,318 1,748 6,522 1,558 Fayette . . . . . 2 222 5,988 1,113 4,895 909 Franklin . . . . 1 203 5,032 1,237 4,343 1,150 Gibson . . . . . . . 5 376 6,426 4,200 6,363 3,563 Giles . . . . 2 209 3,335 2,354 2,970 2,096 Lauderdale . . .. 4 214 4, 825 1,363 4,575 1,292 Lawrence _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 223 5, 508 1,450 4,628 1,218 Maury . .. . . . 2 336 5,378 3,821 5,016 3, 573 Putnam . . . _ 1 223 4,947 1,445 4,427 1,276 Robertson _ _ _ 1 214 4,171 1,822 3,735 1,631 Sumner _ _ _ 4 261 6,041 1, 721 5,396 1,537 Weakley _ _ _ _ 1 171 3,194 1,496 3,035 1,459 Group III . . 36 3, 535 78, 856 21, 599 69,171 19,066 Benton « . . . 1 88 1,661 705 1,423 604 Chester _ 2 95 1,790 552 1,604 495 Claiborne _ _ _ 3 208 4,854 1,023 4,210 898 Cumberland . . . 1 171 4,414 956 3,800 823 De Kalb. . . . . 1 90 1,929 466 1,782 430 Dickson _ _ _ 1 145 3,280 896 3,020 825 Fentress . . . 1 124 3,446 206 2,914 174 Grainger . . . . . 1 110 2,421 533 2,137 452 Grundy.. . . . . . . 1 100 2,450 550 2,200 450 Hardeman . . . . . 2 184 4,426 1,203 3,838 1,043 Hardin _ _ 3 161 3,305 1,015 3,137 964 Hickman _ _ _ _ 1 112 2,269 632 2,044 561 Humphreys . . . . . 1 99 1,651 851 1,568 799 Jackson _ _ _ 1 96 2,229 442 1,716 419 Jefferson _ _ _ 1 158 3,500 998 3,089 881 Johnson . . . . . 1 93 2,343 613 1,961 528 Lake . . . . . 1 83 1,993 716 1,500 587 McNairy _ _ _ _ 1 191 3,859 1,254 3, 560 1,157 Macon. _ _ _ _ . 1 102 2,301 702 1,825 602 Marshall... . . 1 131 2,678 923 2,458 889 Morgan.. . . . 1 146 3,268 1,068 2,846 930 Overton . . . . 2 138 3,193 753 2,686 634 Polk.. . . 1 137 2, 872 757 2,479 653 Sevier . . . . 1 211 5, 058 1,262 4, 349 1, 088 Smith . . . . 3 101 2, 034 625 1,960 527 Unicoi . . . 1 138 3, 207 880 2, 941 763 Wayne . . . 1 123 2, 425 1,018 2,124 890 See footnotes at end of table. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, and attendance data for county-unit school systems, by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 3 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TENNESSEE— Continued Group IV _ 23 965 20, 751 6, 268 18, 229 5, 472 Bledsoe.. - - - - 1 77 1,715 477 1,523 412 Cannon _ 1 76 1,446 617 1,335 570 Cheatham _ _ - 1 76 1,701 476 1,595 386 Clay _ _ 1 71 1,671 371 1,485 330 Decatur - - - 1 76 1,339 862 1, 161 748 Hancock _ 2 87 1,971 378 1,701 300 Houston _ _ 1 45 839 271 716 232 Lewis _ ... - 4 55 1, 187 308 1,075 279 Meigs - - - - 5 52 1,363 267 1,176 230 Perry _ _ 1 53 1,095 300 980 254 Pickett _ 1 49 1,034 220 838 197 Sequatchie _ - - 1 52 1,332 312 1,181 268 Stewart _ 1 76 1,493 551 1,347 497 Trousdale8 _ _ _ .. 1 42 696 485 618 430 Union . . . . 1 78 1,869 373 1,498 339 Group V. - - 2 77 1,400 498 1,271 460 Moore _ _ - . ... 1 34 512 307 483 290 Van Buren . . .. 1 43 888 191 788 170 TEXAS Group III - - 3 182 3,941 978 3,254 905 Maverick _ 2 112 2,718 530 2, 146 477 Stephens - - - - - 1 70 1,223 448 1,108 428 Group IV - - - 15 537 10, 395 2, 795 8,834 2,454 Andrews . . . . 3 94 1,864 484 1,665 428 Baylor . . . 1 55 964 326 839 301 Brooks - - - 2 81 1,612 412 1,435 373 Calhoun _ 3 140 3, 080 555 2, 299 468 Camp - - - 1 82 1,353 527 1,223 454 Jim Hogg _ _ _ 4 49 934 281 818 244 Llano _ 1 36 588 210 555 186 Group V . . . . 15 450 7,403 1, 926 6,448 1, 741 Aransas _ _ 1 44 778 171 676 147 Crane _ 4 67 797 315 755 282 Crockett _ _ 1 57 790 166 675 155 Kinney. _ _ _ _ 1 19 443 98 367 86 Mason _ _ _ _ 1 37 655 206 576 188 Menard . . . - 1 27 450 121 371 111 Reagan . . . . 1 46 813 207 722 183 Schleicher _ 1 42 516 129 408 111 Somervell . . . 1 21 344 148 312 140 Sutton _ _ _ 1 36 709 155 621 144 Terrell _ _ _ 1 28 455 132 436 127 Zapata... . . 1 26 653 78 529 67 Group VI . . .... 11 139 1, 606 474 1,484 430 Borden . . . . 1 19 159 39 150 36 Culberson. _ _ _ 1 35 482 146 451 131 Glasscock _ 1 15 181 66 166 61 Kenedy 3 . . . 2 5 94 90 Kent8 _ _ _ _ _ 1 17 144 58 142 57 Loving3 . . . ... _ 2 23 16 Real _ 1 12 185 71 158 61 Roberts _ _ _ 1 14 145 48 128 43 Sterling _ _ _ 3 20 193 46 183 41 See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 35 Table 3. — Personnel , enrollment , and attendance data for county-unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county: 1955—56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers1 Instruc¬ tional staff 2 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UTAH Group II Davis.. . . . . . . 2 399 7,548 4, 527 6, 916 4,073 Group III . . . 14 841 13, 307 8, 984 12, 373 8,280 Box Elder - - - - - 2 206 3,400 2, 250 3,230 2,115 Carbon _ _ _ 2 216 3, 171 2, 444 2, 929 2,204 Sevier . . . 4 135 2, 037 1,426 1,892 1,338 Tooele _ _ _ 2 163 2, 747 1,742 2, 435 1,555 Uintah . . . . . 4 121 1,952 1,122 1,887 1.068 Group IV . 11 618 8, 974 6, 415 8, 046 5, 855 Duchesne... . . . . . — 3 104 1, 346 1,055 1, 247 987 Emery. . . . . . 1 71 1, 128 705 999 620 Iron.. . . . . 1 105 1,462 1,088 1,326 1,022 Millard _ _ 1 104 1,391 1,112 1,290 1,049 San Juan . . . . . 1 60 1,027 521 787 423 Wasatch _ _ _ _ _ 1 60 778 691 723 628 Washington . . . 3 114 1,842 1,243 1,674 1.126 Group V . 4 140 1, 868 1, 318 1, 728 1,241 Beaver _ _ _ 2 49 800 497 766 481 Garfield _ _ _ 1 62 684 469 599 426 Morgan _ 1 29 384 352 363 334 Group VI . . . . 7 177 2, 268 1, 587 1, 951 1,417 Daggett . . . . . 1 7 44 48 39 42 Grand _ _ 1 55 956 480 732 390 Kane _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 38 405 327 387 311 Piute _ 1 24 232 257 208 240 Rich _ _ 1 25 253 202 229 188 Wayne _ _ _ _ _ 2 28 378 273 356 246 VIRGINIA Group 1 Arlington _ 11 1,047 12,471 8, 663 11,768 8,287 Group II . . 60 10, 502 229, 768 75, 557 201, 057 66,405 Accomack . . . 1 233 4, 806 1,694 4, 136 1,423 Albemarle _ _ _ 2 187 3, 834 1,388 3,412 1,224 Alleghany-Covington (city)7. . . 1 197 3, 857 1,582 3, 488 1,373 Augusta _ . _ _ 1 310 5, 970 2,170 5, 709 2, 071 Bedford _ _ _ 7 278 5, 207 1,959 4, 608 1,737 Buchanan _ _ 1 300 8, 020 2,413 6, 990 2,072 Campbell _ 1 274 5, 763 1,732 5,010 1,501 Carroll _ 1 190 4,184 1,308 3, 680 1,126 Chesterfield-Colonial Heights (city) 7... 2 423 10, 072 2, 636 8, 725 2, 281 Fairfax _ 6 1,341 28, 317 8, 472 24, 049 7, 308 Halifax _ . 2 349 8, 001 2,719 6, 958 2, 288 Henrico _ 3 618 12, 431 4, 187 10, 984 3,715 Henry _ _ _ 1 284 6,412 2,371 5, 592 2, 071 Lee _ _ .. _ 2 273 5, 947 2, 095 5,152 1,868 Mecklenburg _ _ _ 3 299 6,273 2, 077 5,346 1,778 Montgomery.. . . . . 1 220 4,640 1,679 4,131 1,486 Nansemond _ _ _ 1 204 5, 544 1,359 4, 883 1,195 Norfolk . . . . . . . 3 596 13, 123 4,150 11,318 3, 621 Pittsylvania _ _ . 2 472 11,161 3, 655 9, 684 3, 181 Princess Anne-Virginia Beach (city)7... 2 438 12,714 3,181 10, 352 2, 680 Pulaski . . . . . 1 242 5, 224 1,819 4, 602 1,697 Roanoke. _ 2 376 7,995 2,759 6, 944 2,448 Rockingham _ 2 294 5, 726 2, 209 5,107 1,990 Russell _ _ _ 1 218 4, 967 1,641 4, 299 1,428 Scott _ _ _ 1 237 4, 346 1,918 4, 245 1,811 See footnotes at end of table 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3.— Personnel, enrollment , and attendance data for county -unit school systems , by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff* Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 VIRGINIA— Continued Smyth . . 1 254 5, 204 2,128 4, 700 1,890 Southampton . - . 2 229 4, 950 1,306 4, 773 1,253 Tazewell . . . - . 3 418 8, 776 3, 391 7, 941 2, 986 Washington - - 1 319 6, 586 2, 309 5, 936 2,018 Wise _ 3 429 9,718 3, 250 8, 303 2, 885 Group III . 58 6, 713 137, 281 48, 266 120, 187 42, 837 Amelia-Nottaway 8. . . 1 222 4, 176 1,498 3, 670 1, 337 Amherst . - . 1 134 3, 121 1,009 2, 784 902 Botetourt . . - . 2 146 2, 760 1,180 2, 423 1,102 Brunswick. . . . . . 1 179 3, 786 1,234 3, 278 1,061 Buckingham.. . . . 112 2, 203 776 1,941 684 Caroline _ _ _ _ _ 1 126 2, 329 914 2, 142 827 Charlotte. _ _ _ 1 131 2, 588 981 2, 243 817 Culpeper _ _ 1 138 2,512 903 2, 167 796 Cumberland-Prince Edward 8 . ._ 2 211 3,518 1,275 3, 258 1,195 Dickenson . . . . . 1 188 4, 872 1, 783 4, 166 1, 475 Dinwiddie.. . . 1 148 3, 054 981 2, 637 841 Essex-Middlesex 8 . . . 2 113 2, 236 829 1,968 735 Fauquier . ... . . 2 192 3, 867 1,221 3, 268 1, 074 Floyd. - - 1 113 1,920 913 1,740 828 Franklin . . 2 206 4, 582 1,695 3, 998 1,464 Frederick . . . 1 145 3, 447 1, 031 3, 034 937 Giles _ _ _ _ _ 1 191 3, 478 1,401 3, 102 1, 259 Gloucester-Mathews 8 _ 2 151 2, 790 1, 035 2, 535 933 Grayson . . . 1 146 3, 149 743 2, 856 653 Greene-Madison 8 . . 2 98 2, 232 727 2, 007 645 Greensville _ _ _ _ _ 1 131 3,517 890 2, 846 759 Hanover _ _ _ _ 1 198 4,102 1,222 3, 500 1,099 Isle of Wight. . . . 2 140 2, 958 868 2, 610 774 King and Queen-King William 8 . . 1 123 2, 474 945 2, 165 864 King George-Stafford 8 . . . 1 155 3, 224 1,199 2, 857 1,080 Lancaster-Northumberland 8 _ 1 163 2, 962 914 2, 772 890 Loudoun.. . . . 2 185 3, 982 1,291 3, 439 1,139 Louisa . . . . 1 113 2, 141 783 1,992 734 Lunenburg . . . . 1 120 2, 480 1,026 2,118 866 Nelson. . . . . . 1 110 2, 328 852 2, 081 764 Northampton - - - 1 117 2, 731 852 2,194 737 Orange _ _ _ 2 100 2,149 850 1,906 730 Page... . . . . 1 133 2, 695 981 2, 336 879 Patrick _ _ 1 136 2, 839 1,126 2, 540 1,007 Prince George-Hopewell (city) 7 . 1 243 4, 994 1,602 4,212 1,434 Prince William . . 1 229 4, 828 1,412 3, 963 1,195 Rappahannock-Warren 8. . . 2 161 3, 381 1,369 3, 074 1,232 Richmond-Westmoreland 8 _ 1 157 2,913 1, 031 2, 493 904 Rockbridge . . . . . . 193 3, 478 1,328 3,116 1,205 Shenandoah . . 1 170 3,213 1,454 2, 928 1,316 Spotsylvania. _ _ _ _ _ 1 112 2, 080 774 1,898 693 Sussex . . . . . 1 106 2,562 737 2, 097 638 Wythe. _ _ 3 193 3, 976 1,662 3, 531 1,478 York _ _ _ 2 135 2,654 969 2,302 855 Group IV.. . . . . 12 702 12, 867 4, 621 11, 402 4,148 Appomattox . . . . . l 93 1, 523 622 1,342 564 Bath. . . . . . 1 46 901 351 797 314 Bland _ _ _ 2 53 994 405 921 377 Charles City-New Kent 8 . . 1 91 1,726 595 1,545 530 Clarke.. . . . . . . 1 69 1,243 482 1,063 425 Fluvanna _ _ _ 2 76 1, 163 401 1,057 356 Goochland _ _ 1 68 1,399 381 1,251 353 James City- Williamsburg (city)7 _ 1 102 1,767 742 1, 578 653 Powhatan _ _ _ _ 1 51 961 300 887 286 Surry. . . . . 1 53 1,190 342 961 290 ===== ■ — - — ■ ■ ■ — ■ u J See footnotes at end of table. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 37 Table 3 .—Personnel, enrollment , and attendance data for county -unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance State, population group, and county Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 2 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 VIRGINIA— Continued 2 61 1,014 447 890 403 Craig_ . ._ . . . . . 1 29 502 197 433 175 Highland... . . . . 1 32 512 250 457 228 WASHINGTON Group V Garfield . . . . . 1 30 419 179 381 162 WEST VIRGINIA 14 2, 765 46, 624 31, 740 42, 518 28, 818 Cabell. . . 6 795 12, 629 33, 995 8, 820 11,337 31, 181 7, 851 20, 967 Kanawha _ _ _ _ 8 1, 970 22, 920 75 9,757 178, 218 95, 427 162, 350 86, 913 Berkeley _ _ 2 223 4,018 6,809 2, 249 2,448 2,221 6, 126 3, 598 2,798 6, 742 6, 603 9. 265 5, 158 2,156 7, 103 4, 304 4, 524 1,912 3, 945 2,667 7,345 2,472 3. 266 5,515 3, 010 3,655 6,152 2,016 2,116 2, 062 5,794 3,250 2,590 6, 243 5, 881 8, 338 Boone. .* _ 3 319 Brooke . . . . 2 203 3, 253 13,579 5,811 4,613 9, 885 12, 769 15,216 8, 862 4, 746 10, 483 9, 827 6, 858 5, 574 3, 005 12, 524 5, 322 Fayette . . . 6 670 Greenbrier . . . . 2 337 Hancock.. . . . . . .. 2 270 4,185 9, 163 11,708 13,817 Harrison _ _ _ _ 3 612 Logan . . . .. 4 648 McDowell . . . 5 821 Marion _ _ _ 4 507 8, 057 4,284 9, 610 8,776 6,172 4, 704 1,957 6, 528 4, 005 4,114 1,720 3,644 2, 462 6, 506 2, 229 2, 877 4,980 Marshall . . . .. 2 239 Mercer . . 5 621 Mingo _ _ .. _ _ 3 492 Monongalia . 4 451 Nicholas . . .. 2 262 5, 058 Ohio . . . . . 3 379 5,410 4, 733 16, 055 4, 531 7,255 9, 374 8, 557 4, 928 4,350 14, 806 4,100 6, 368 8,445 7, 865 Preston . . . . . 2 295 Raleigh . . ... _ 5 825 Randolph . . . . . 2 284 Wayne . . ... 4 393 Wood. _ _ 4 508 Wyoming . . . . . _ 6 398 2, 897 Group III . . 48 3, 701 63, 108 30, 241 55, 740 27, 093 Barbour . . . . 2 171 3.148 3,017 1,775 3, 278 1,930 1,540 2, 399 2,681 2, 402 4, 684 3,417 3, 140 2, 001 1,808 3, 841 1,682 2, 985 2, 708 2. 148 1,268 1,621 3,152 3, 828 2, 655 1,126 2, 779 1,031 1,203 509 Braxton . . 3 187 1,325 572 2, 644 Calhoun . . 1 101 1,526 2,810 1,773 1,393 2,138 2, 400 Clay . . . . 2 154 979 842 Hampshire . . . .. 1 106 881 792 Hardy . . . 2 95 795 705 Jackson . . . . . . 2 143 1,244 1,522 1,247 1,552 2,052 2, 207 1,100 980 1,131 1,384 1,141 Jefferson . . . . . 1 156 Lewis . . . 2 143 2,115 4, 060 3, 069 2, 824 1,731 1,663 Lincoln . . . . . 2 268 1,395 Mason. . . 2 226 1,869 Mineral . 2 191 1,989 990 Monroe... . . . 2 127 Pocahontas . . . . 2 112 897 Putnam . . . . . 2 229 1,956 824 3, 403 1,550 2, 508 2, 385 1,974 1,231 1,429 2, 802 1,745 750 Ritchie . . . . 2 103 Roane _ _ 2 172 1,220 1,314 1,387 1,049 657 1,084 1,143 Summers . . . 2 165 Taylor . . 3 128 1,282 821 Tucker . . 1 104 Tyler . 2 92 593 Upshur _ _ _ _ _ 2 166 1,305 1,049 1,898 1, 163 916 Webster . . . 3 184 3, 142 2, 391 Wetzel . . . 3 178 1,718 See footnotes at end of table. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3. — Personnel, enrollment, and attendance data for county-unit school systems, by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Con. State, population group, and county Personnel Enrollment Average daily attendance Adminis¬ trative officers 1 Instruc¬ tional staff 1 2 3 4 * * 7 8 Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary l 2 3 4 5 6 7 WEST VIRGINIA— Continued Group IV . . 11 524 8, 575 4,371 7,741 3, 912 Doddridge . . . . 1 84 1,413 472 1,283 409 Gilmer . . 1 96 1,348 786 1,205 702 Grant.. . . . . . . 2 79 1,330 819 1,198 736 Morgan _ _ 1 72 1,281 706 1,152 644 Pendleton _ _ 2 79 1,611 505 1,455 462 Pleasants _ _ _ _ 1 61 895 637 803 566 Wirt . . . . 3 53 697 446 645 393 WISCONSIN Group V Florence _ _ _ 1 40 657 245 568 224 WYOMING Group V Niobrara _ _ 1 62 683 256 580 228 1 Includes superintendents, deputy superintendents, assistant superintendents and other administrative staff. 2 Includes supervisors of instruction, principals, classroom teachers, librarians, guidance personnel and psychological personnel. 3 School system has elementary schools only. 4 Includes data for junior college. 8 A large proportion of the population consists of service personnel stationed at Fort Benning. The county-unit school enrollment in this county is therefore considerably lower, on the basis of population, than in other counties classified under group III. 8 Data are for 1956-57. 7 School Division is comprised of a county and an independent city. 8 School Division is comprised of two counties. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county-unit school systems, by State , population group, and individual county: 1955—56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS COUNTY UNITS 39 Total * :> ^ E"o c CO fH CM 00 00 N e 00 226, 350 287, 520 215, 442 57, 503 12, 235 3,832 12,781 8,444 4,337 12, 810 ninoinirjiHtorvit^ttDrN ocMin— «cNj*cTcoKTinin^r— « ^•Hoiooioio^-oaiOfN Not al¬ locable for day schools » 12 $8, 365, 701 2, 254, 367 2, 935, 910 2, 358, 291 658, 018 116, 713 42, 402 11, 782 • CNJ • oo 7, 804 265 5,127 300 312 1,800 Total (in thousands)1 11 5794, 516 224, 095 284, 584 213, 083 56, 845 12, 119 3,790 12, 769 8,444 4,325 12, 802 ^Htr)o»o^f-<(Ors^co0rN OCNJ^^CNJ^rO«TLDin»T— ' ©MOOO)0)OifOO)ON 1 u 0 O *> £ o All other > <75 $28,368,843 6,138,133 11,474,275 8, 274, 255 1, 840, 078 529, 377 112, 725 471, 125 305, 066 166,059 415, 592 orvcDOooooTccincnmcD — « co in it o in cnj cd r^. in in co cd cd < oo o oo oo cnT ccT f-T r^T ^* r-* — T cn crT crT in' ^ in CNI ^T CNI co CNJ CNJ CD CNI oo OO CNI •§ JZ o £ O Transporta¬ tion 00 $57, 920, 042 6, 891, 535 20, 245, 266 22, 721, 639 6, 604, 511 1, 129, 855 327, 236 336, 191 215,072 121,119 1, 212, 799 CDI-l-^O^OrHCNJOOCDI-'H ^■oocorNOO^o-^'Tcnco ooocn— 'Ooocdoo— 'comr^ •-T cd r^T cT r-T o cnT oo ©T ^t* ©T CD ©> r*^> O CD CNJ ©> CNI ©3 ©> OO ©> 1 ! Main¬ tenance 0 CO in o ; © JO 1 9,846,932 10, 849, 930 6, 924, 122 1, 925, 494 395, 583 143, 801 351, 745 242,743 109, 002 256,403 32,343 18,471 15, 864 19,121 4,971 47, 094 11,390 15,006 22,173 38,417 23,930 7,623 o Operation 0 $55, 305, 844 17, 679,906 19, 683,928 12,695,321 3, 860, 862 1, 031, 257 354, 570 667, 066 471,123 195,943 372, 481 inor^-oocDcDr-CNjiTmcDCD <53- CD O CD *—• •— « IT *— ©> O in IT t— «r^.a>CDCNjcNiininin^Toooo r^oooooo*— icnicnj^-oocni*— Total - $588,970,097 175, 306, 652 211, 059, 078 152, 962, 701 39, 106, 711 8, 081, 570 2,453,385 10, 570, 903 6,937,477 3,633,426 10,182,810 1,226,203 921,432 753,964 800,696 793,120 704, 526 856,267 1,160,012 844,813 720, 721 847,819 553,237 c o t- s 00 m ntfNNOH 0 co o n* o 0 O0NNOM 00 oo in o oo o oo 0 © 0 lDC'O*J-C'sJ0Oinc£>CSJ'3-U5^cy> N«TOOO»fOCMCMOOO =3 1 J= C O CL 0> CO m r* © CO w 1 kT © in in in m m © o co o ^HCOHWM i-T © 0 CM* iH rH © * oo CNJ CNJ «T OO *-• CM o^r^cNj^c^r^co^r^^CNj Salaries of instructional staff eo $558,211,515 163,849,591 200,908, 392 146,657,999 37,001,439 7, 546, 570 2, 247, 524 10, 100, 065 6,609,474 3,490, 591 9, 945, 204 oorHOorvOcDOOHOinco nocNjiNCONOoorvcDOir iTOCDOOCDiTOr^a>CDCDOO inr^cDr^^csjocDO^ooooo OOCDOOOOOOCDOOiTOOCNIiT •— «oor^r^r^cDOO— «oor^»oom Admin¬ istration CM $20, 595, 812 4, 334, 703 6, 829, 087 6, 180, 971 2, 346, 581 656, 225 248,245 225, 404 146, 331 79, 073 195, 226 cnoocDOooirr^rHCNj^o^H Ln^TOOr^iTCD^TCNjiTCD^O CT>oocT>cNjtncocnr^.oocDcncD *r ©T co* oo J2 2 22 22 iff M © i | j i j i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x •f si Is i i i i i i :::::: 1 ! 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r i i i 1 i r 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n i fM I1 J==>>> CD 5 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 !i miff Mobile . Montgomery ! Baldwin... Butler _ Chilton.... Clarke.... Geneva _ Lawrence.. Macon.... Marshall.. Monroe... St. Clair... Shelby.... Tallapoosa at end of table. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county-unit school systems , by State, population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Continued 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total (in thou¬ sands) 4 13 15, 351 •a- ct> 0 «a- 10 co 01 in 0 f— cm m cm vn cn in -* io fo ! MOrvini — tflntoioOi-iOcMiniHrtonooMoocn r" in id id m «s- oo oo to o> m 661 ‘I 338 Not al¬ locable for full-time day schools 8 12 14, 500 II III III 1 1 1 I II | 1 |(J> 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 wo 1 1 CM uto 1 1 1 1 1 to 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 00 100 I 1 CD 1 ' 'CO « 1 1 O 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1 lOOCO II 111 iti 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 111 111 1111 11 1 11 111 111 1111 11 1 11 ill ill 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 111 111 1 1 1 1 11 1 21,571 806 Allocable for full-time day schools Total (in thousands) * 2 15, 336 o> 0 cd co cntn oo — • cm to csi co oin — * cd *3- cm CO OD IT) CD CO OO CD o O CM to — 1 «— 1 o co oo oo OD r^. to cd co io ^ oo r- cd oo cd cd oo io 1,177 CO co Fixed charges * 10 198, 179 cDoo^^ooiONcoi-noocsiOio^tTfi-ioors^oco cn ■cj- CT> CD ^ CD CD io CO OO CD CVJ CT> OO OO CM CO CD IO to CT>ior^CNjoor^LOoor^c7)r^.^>oor^ r^T^cToco r*T eg oo 21,321 9, 841 Other school services All other * 407, 509 to co co oo co oo to to .-h r^. co in r*-. o* eo co cm cm cd to to ^ a> cd oo co o cd Kt- co oo cn oo oo oo cd CJ)0)fnrHOOCDNOOONMNCDM-OlOOOCOOM-OlO lo o to — • cn* ^ cd cd* — T *—T *3-* o* cm r^T cd o cn »— T crT cd* r^T —•CM CM — < -h CM — 4 — • CM CM CM CM — • CM — 4 — • CO — i — 4 4,055 1,075 Transporta¬ tion oo 1, 666, 615 oo oo a> co cd a> cm o — 4 o io cd oo oo o o — • o — i nt- oo oo — i cm co oo oo o a> cm — • oo a> cn cm cm — • COOOCDOOOOrHpsM-OCMOO^CMOOMTNCDCSJOOincOa^ co CD *s-* cd* *a-*o* — T in trT oo to r-'T cd cn cm o to cm — <**s-* r^cDior^oooioo>cDooooNcocDoomrso>ino)OOOo 79,972 61, 191 Main¬ tenance 271, 320 cd o cn cd — « *3- co oo o — 4 oo co o* cn to cm o> — • o co NcoocDoo^'HrNo^ooooocoincD'tcMtn^ootn ooocn— <— «csitncn— lOtncMtoioocDcncncDiDOO CD CM oo t^CO CD CM CM ^ 46, 195 13, 376 Operation cn 403, 252 OlO^-CDCnCDCMOOO— lOCnCDCDOOOOO*— (CncDOOO o oo ^3* cd cn oo oo cd to cm cm to o oo cn to cd cm oo cm oo cm o to a> oo — 4 o — • «?rio a> oo cm ^'oo’oj'cd'cm cm r^T^oo p*^ cm to cd* to aTo r^T 142,946 30, 127 Instruction Total in 12,059,893 o o cm o to cd o to cm oo — • o cd to cd co— icocDcocDoootor^cncnr^oor^tooooocncoocn OOOtDO^HCMCOrsrvOtDOOpNCDM-CVjM-OOONOON co — T o oo r*T *3^ o' cvT cm cm cn cT cT cm cd trT cm o' o cm aT CD CD CD a> CT> CM — • OO tO «3* CD OO CM tO CD CD IO *cf O O to *3- to to *3- oo cd oo to *3* to cd to ^ to to to oo 812,453 211,200 Other expenses4 * 267, 511 rvC00>CDin00CM00O4tlO00CD4t00pNCD00CDC00^C0 CMco^t-coooor^cn— * co o* to* cm cs? 00*0^^10 ^j-*cd 1010^3-0000— iOr^-^rcotocsji — csj^totococMcnr-.^- lOM'tnM’lOMTOCDCOlOM-lOtDlO^flOlOr^r^MT^M- 719,191 192, 996 Admin¬ istration CM 329, 312 19,225 11,798 19,777 16, 578 15, 147 15,417 12,872 12,854 10,677 14,282 15,630 9,154 13,716 13,388 14,161 13,774 19, 400 13,745 23,359 12,425 18,005 13,928 70, 149 10, 537 State, population group, and county H ALABAMA— Continued Group III . . Autauga. . . . . Bibb.. . . . . Bullock . . . Cherokee . . Choctaw. . . Clay _ Cleburne _ Conecuh . . Coosa.. . . Crenshaw . . Fayette - - Greene _ _ _ Hale . . . Henry . . . . Lamar . . .. Lowndes _ Perry . . Pickens _ Sumter _ _ _ Washington . . Wilcox . . . Winston... .. . . CALIFORNIA Group III Plumas _ _ _ Group IV Mariposa. . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 41 — « || in incDCDcoooooocD O^CD^’^-'-'OOO r^cNj^osir^.— «oocn o> ^ cd csi cd cd r cDCD^iDincDoocDmocMcDOO ooo^rocvjino^ooi^fn^^^^ cD«3-m in cm ) CD CD CD P^ CD OO *3- in id cm cm cd cn in cd cDinoocDcoo^rcD CM — « *— • ' —H CO • CO CD CM m ’ )OiDs-Hino) __ _ . co oo — i m cm in o — • co oo*3-incnr^.i — cDcoomcocD— «co cd cd~ of o' cd" — T cm" cd" cd" csT oo" 00" in' - I! CM •— « • ^3" CT> OO CO CDCMOCOCOCDCDOO ^^incomiDCDO CM CO CM CM CM *— * •— < CM OICO^lDCMO^^CMCDOOf cDincocMin^rcoincDcsoo— »c CDCDCD^rcOCDCDOOCMOOCMCMC sDfocmnin^r-oocD^oc ^•(DCMr^cMOJOrsCMCo^^rin' CD ' CD in d CO j cDr^T-HCDCM^r»— ‘incDcD^-cMCD — of 00" cm" rC o" 00" 00" cd" o" cd" 00" oocDoomininooocDco^i-incocM CD CD CO"lD CMCDOCDCOCMOOOOr in cd m cm •— « oOMin^cMOOCMiniDcosa) CDCSiOCDCDOCMOOOCD— 'f^-COO^ I — in *3" «— • CD CD « COOrH^TfCD OOCMOCOinCOCOCOCO min^-ioococDOcDco O-h^OCM «CM— «CO OOO o co CD CD CO CM ^ CD CM CD CO < incDCMCMOscMaiQ^s^Hfoa) SinCD^-OOCniDCOCDSOCMSrH CDin^-CMCDOcDCDCDCDCMCMcJ-O cm" in 00" of 00" — T —■ T cm" cm" o" cd" p>." co" co" cocMcoinr^»-Hp>>r^.|— r^CMr^.— «oocMCMin^r^cMCM ■cm— (CMCOrPCr^r^corHOToo >" 00" co" cd" cm" co" ^r" in' co" cd" cd" — - - - sj m m^rincocM^s-cococo" > a 3 - E. 2 re" o i_i22SOww> See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county-unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Continued 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total (in thou¬ sands)4 3 21, 276 llsIIISSlSsSSSSsslIiSsIs ~ <-T — T 3 uT 415 525 411 Not al¬ locable for full-time day schools 5 a 203, 216 s is! isssisSasSsisISlIsls 1 a S 1 ! Allocable for full-time day schools Total (in thousands)4 a 21, 073 SlllsISIftSSsiSlslslsssls — - -r ,-r 5,582 415 525 411 Fixed charges * 5 412, 126 IggSiKSSSIgSSSsSSBSSSSg 2! £22: 2 2 2 2 1 "**82 2 S 2 §3 S S S 2 ‘ 2 2 ^ 107,877 10, 583 7, 764 8, 602 Other school services All other * (T) 761, 676 E5 ss : 2 5a‘: 22 ss“ as? s&ssfis s; s 2 22: 22 234, 734 20, 204 23, 825 24, 721 Transporta¬ tion 00 1, 437, 049 £=2gi323ll|S=5giS|ggS|8S 3‘g5>‘aS{Si^tfS®ift3S)5'!#!Sfc‘5ffSS‘Sf 411,391 37, 063 34, 067 32, 780 Main¬ tenance r*« 3 s' s5ggg|SSisgsi§lasSgsls81 ^'8S2''3Sa'"Sa'S'!3C2SSS§22SSJ''‘ 179, 348 8,837 8,910 14, 221 Operation 1, 197, 789 gsSSSSsggSssSSEi&SSiiSgSs; & 2 5 ‘88 8 5 2 2 2 £ 5" 5 1 £ 5 S S Si 2 i B ! £ 5 £ S S 312,763 18, 781 28, 848 26, 445 Instruction Total in s S' a SsilslsslSllal"=isS521=a SsSislSgSI'll sWlWSiS'l'S « —T -r 4,101,881 303, 239 400,678 287,426 Other expenses 1 975, 361 SKSglSsslISglsKslssallSS 257, 982 18, 485 20, 317 14, 641 Salaries of instructional staff to 14, 970, 929 ssllgSgSISIsssallsSsSalS zmimmmmmmm* -r 3,843,899 284, 754 380, 361 272, 785 Admin¬ istration CM 670, 137 lslllisl222sSsiIi52slsS° S * 16, 579 20, 856 16, 449 State, population group, and county FLORIDA— Continued Group III.. . . Bradford _ _ Brevard _ Clay _ _ _ _ Columbia . . . . Hardee _ _ _ Highlands _ Holmes _ _ _ Indian River.. . Jefferson . . . Lee . . Madison. . Nassau _ _ _ Osceola . Pasco. _ .. Putnam _ _ _ St. Johns _ _ _ _ St. Lucie... . Odllld r\U5d _ Sumter . . . . Suwannee. . Taylor... . . Walton . . . . Washington. . . Group IV _ Baker. . Calhoun . . Citrus . . . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 43 560 398 308 515 561 383 403 506 240 376 S H 2 17, 728 4, 286 4, 569 4, 722 4, 148 s w 592 1,227 1,749 1,290 1.151 S a 640 552 1,037 831 570 56 1,010 911 Is iii-S ^ i 3 809 346 806 210 58 4 3 SssS e is »' is iis ;u» ;« w ; j 00 Tf csT I S s=¥5‘ s gS 8 3 toofo 1^“ '— '"2' SsSSSSSSgg s g B Sgfs a sS~§S 3 §SsSssII H 5 K» sf IlSsilSSSS § 1 3 sags 2 ISISS 3 asSslSsl wVworsVofJwV 5 omto'+tj'oto 3 ssgs a “fsssa- 5 ctfoo-joW-f-oin sliSsIlSsI s ~S~S§SS 1 i Sail s s SllislfSi 2 ; of ; o'loiooo o"r-- § MwVoVoo to 3 S*§§ 3 •^RS^S i ■'sVsfsKsfs' SS3E33§8ss3 3 SsSSll- § I s^is 3 ssgss 3 laS§s»ll 2 2 3 gssa 3 5S3S3S t M S£'gS3'r'SS oomc^otoo^rsoo^ 3 ~s~s~§S § s Isss s ££g£2 CO CO o> co ** a ssisSIss of uv oo r£co rCc^j co csi co ofo%»eo~iriV‘ V a s¥S¥ 3 SSSSS 5 asaTsa as* IslllSSsss s sssgssi •^r 3 Slas 2 lalll a §S~g“S~5 3 co 3 fH gifs 3 S“R‘S‘SS‘ ! lH SSKVSwS“C5 SlsISSSISs 2 iiSssss LO 1 Isis s sS§S§ 3 1S31S321 mmmm f gg^ss 5 3 SS3S g l¥3ss 5* gaSlfsgi fH 3 CO co CO co ,-r-r S3 SlssSIillS 3 51S—SI ~ a ~5ss g sssS~ 3 SSSKSSgg s°‘E:'a22'sa'''’2 s cngofocJoo'o' of 3 •HN*H 3 sssfsssf I assss'^s" IssISSsssSies s I i §153 E Issls i ilHSIsal Ss§Wa¥¥s¥ 3 gsgsgss CD g 1 slsil 3 SISal-'Sl 3 mmeoco -r a HSlsasliS ** £ 1 s SSSS 8 isigs 3 ssisiiii S2222S2S22 i CNTr-Too co ^■V'T lo 2 3 C5SSC5 s ““88SS3 3 too'wo'ofpfwV' : : i 2>i ililUJI at end of table. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county-unit school systems , by State , population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Continued 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total (in thou¬ sands) 4 3 5iSgSgS§S8SS5358&i:§3S388SS5SiiSS8 Not al¬ locable for full-time day schools 11 a llsSslIssgssslll! i i iSSi is ilssSls toooocn ctT m id to rC rC crT j-T in' ! 1 IcoeriV-T jrC j jnaijj1 ncdto i i i i ! Total (in thousands)4 a SliaSglillsellllssSIlllSSSsIsSSI Fixed charges * s ssSlsslasSsilffiSslISsssllllsSIsSS t-?ma>geQt*>naiLco'+o>g'd'*to<-+urGrv> o> o ’> o C/9 All other 2 o IssSSSSSSlIlSaSSillsIllsslilllsS * -c o C/9 J“ O Transporta¬ tion 00 iilllasSiaSsIlssRlIllSIsSsllISSS s's‘sa¥sasi»ss‘si!rffi>VsssW§'5sssWss's3s‘ 1 1 i ’4= Main¬ tenance r* sIlaSsIsSlsSlgsIsSlSIsSSSlsSasBS i 1 Operation CD alilssslssSglsssIsSssasasSIslsia ^tf^Ss‘^^SsJsSSf58fssf'''!JaasfsfsfsfSsfiS'ayfsJ CT3 O H— in SslalSiSlSSsSlilSSISBlsagalssftll mmmmmmmmmmmrnm Instruction Other expenses 1 gSIissiSgslIIslIagSSsIISlSisilsS Salaries of instructional staff SSissssSIlISlSSSsssslIlsalsSIsas Admin¬ istration CN iKilssllISissSsIlIIlgsiSsISiSSaa State, DODulation group. and county fH ! 5 MMmM Harris..;::::::::::::::::: Hart . SSL:::::::::::::::::: Irwin . . . Jefferson. . Jenkins . McDuffie . . . . Macon _ _ _ _ Madison.... Meriwether . . . . Monroe . . HSfc:::::::::::::: Newton _ a1"8-::----:--- LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 45 Nt^ooPOfOtor^coo^pON roin^r«.r^inocoa>cvjtDO incocoin^-oooor^cD^^f^. 17, 233 oo*3-cx)csj'e3-ooocsjoocococsjoo*3'OcDOoocsjuoo*3‘r— ioom^Mnooouo»— ioo»— ioin cooomr^oocnmoooo^r- «a>mr''*nj-cM05<=rr"-csico«3'*-*m«— «oooo*-<^rcocsj«— toooooooo OOOOCSJCSIOOCSJOOOOOOOOCSICSJ^rCSJCSJ^-CSlOOOOOOCSJ^-^-OOCSlCSl^-CNICSJCSIOO^-CSlCMOOOO * i OO iCVJtflOOHDO ' o> o> CSJ i(OCVJOrO»tO irJTOtH in 1 00 00 CSJ *3* CNJ m 1 CD OO r>. i^oohooooo0 ir^ooco « ^3-r^oo o i i^oo co oo i i oo oo oo cr> i oo oo i i o o *—•.—< o *3- oo i^tcsjo i ooor^csi «oo « • cd co oo cd » loo^r^rco «oor^ ■ i co oo in csj r^. *-« oo r^mr^ • co co ao > cn i icdo cdcd" i m"*—*" oo" i m"i— •" i r nj-" csj" oo" csj** oo" ■ oo"csj" i o" in" csi" < oo" i i csj"in" ii iii i ii iii ii iii i ii iii O^^HCMOOCDOOCMnJ-0-^T^.Ln CSJLn^-CDCDOOCDCSJO^— tLncn mCDCDLO^-OOCOf^COK3-^-CD 16, 952 •iooo^csjx»HOOootncsjcDOcsjor>.oor^.^HLnooinoocsicsir^csjcDr^cD^-i^rcD^ oo o oor^^CNj co" o' j^T fC oo" o' to ooVjtff 452,470 1 inoor^oor-4r^^csjoocr>«— iOr-«ooooooooococoaooooo^3'r^*3-ooin*3-r^ooooaocoooao csiincsiincsjr^coo*— i*3*csjoinoo«— «—«csja>csicsj*-^tnco— looinooo^ooooincor^co*— • cor^cooo*3-oo«3-oocsjoincsjma>oor^oo»— loooo^inoocotncsjor^oooooo^oooootfl ofofcsfr-fj-f oo" of fC cvj" *-ji m" oo" co" «3-" csTo^" o"csj" *-h"<£>"cd" oo" of csi" o" of of r-f rC r-f oo" m" «n" oo" oo" 76, 538 76, 262 87, 037 78, 820 46, 795 54,257 52, 380 107,442 73, 787 49, 162 51,195 69, 972 I 2, 372, 057 cDoo^^j-^^-ioooo^-^csiinoor^^r-Hr^cDincDoo^ooooincsicDf^cooor^^-^-^j-incD cDa)inoiDooinrocDin^coooocsrNrHrxtD^oooc75(NooooooocncDooinoooo^ ooooocnoocT>r^ooooc77r— i^fcnr^oocr>ni-csjo»— 'ooooo*— iincDoot— lomooinmomoo oo"ofo" oo" r^T rC r-T co" in" oo" ooofcsTafofi/f o"csj" co"— <" orTr^To" ofco" csj" r^-T r-T co" co" oo" r>T r—T oo"o"co" m^’^-ininoo^roo^r^oooocD^csjinooinininincDr^Krcsi^^-csioocsj^-in^-ooin^- 5,310 9, 934 7,542 14, 977 20, 000 28, 454 10, 953 19, 836 21,412 8, 509 13, 964 28, 406 509,744 ojiso>csj(D«-iOtnrsr^inoocsjTtinoina)OOcsi^oioooooooooin^rsin^oo^HOOOcooocmsr-ur)rH^H^-cocn oomco»-‘cor^o)r^oOf-i*d,'.inio o'off-T*— Too"o"»— •" o"ofoo"^f «— Tcrf^r" oo" of co" o" co" r>»" oo" »— •" co" o" csj" in" rC cd" ccTin"r-Tr^cDcr>cDr^^oocc-^-csjocsjoocDOr^oor^cr>cOLOcsi«=roocsi oo^^^<^rHTOinooinoo^inino)oo^rHisoocMis^ioocsjoo^-too»^«3-incsiin^- csj" ^-T oo" rC erf r^" csj" oo"ofrC^-" csj" rC oo" cd" oo" uo" in" o" of oo" csj" in" of «=r" oo" o" oo" csi" rC csT ^r" of CSJ CSJ f-H f-H »— • CSI f— 1 f— 1 CSI r-l^-lr-Hr— •r-Hf-MCS|f— ICSJ CSJ ^-4 CSJ CSJ *-H •— « »— 1 r— 1 CO OO «-H CSJ *-H iHfxoor^ojinoo'd-^tatina) i-iMCMcvioooinffii-KOcno moooomoicsiinoooinoo oco rCofcf oo oo" rC cf of *3-" oo" ^HOrvCM«d-000^00(N0^^00 ^■LO-^-'CJ-OOCDCMUOLOCMOOUO | 11,987,014 | mcDo^cooocDcsjoo^-cDcoOf-HCDooi^'cj-oot— icsjr— *incr>^-oocDcsj^3-oooocsjo^oor^moo Ofso^cviooooiDt-irNO^^HOJ^cvjinisooounoocvjp^-i^T^is^^HinrMDooinoo oocoooooio^^-f^rsooo^inrHcvjOrH^Hinoooicsjcsjc^rscsjo^ocDr^cmnocsio cd" oo" •— T cd" cd" »— f of ^3-" oo"*-Tcsj"m" csj" P-Tco"m"in"^r" o" cd" r^T r^T oo" o" of r^." r^T cd" r^T oo" o" *^r" oo" of in" o" cotflorscsjr-i^-coojooinooo^r^o^'— 'inooo^o^*tcoo>iH^TNa)^co^o)^oo CSJCSl^-«»-iCSJCSJCSICSJCSJCsJ^^OO^-4r-lOOCSICSICSJCSJi-iOOCSJCS|r-i»-HOO»-H— ir-iCSJCSJCSI^CSJCSI cnocDoooocvicr>cNioocvir^ -HOO^rHOrHCnailOrHO «3-m*3-oo*3-r-.cn»— «cn»— icsioo oo" i-T cd" oo" cd" o" cd" oo" *3*" in" cf of »-HCNJ^HrH^HCO CSJ 1 CSl — « 499,864 OJOcsjincsjr^ooco^-p-.inr^.oor^in'cMnooin^-io*— io^o>ccoo^-icDoocor^oo»— icsjcoo* rso)oo^t*-i^fs«3T^rvcoh»inocsjoo^oooorsir>oor^^o»-'infHLn^toooorscsjoo fso^roinisooo(Oooorso)(O0csj^,^rs0corsomiOrHrsoooo> CSI00^-i00Cn00CSJCSj^3-^3-CDin0>CSJO>Or^'^r0>00 00^3-00r^^3-CD»— iOOlOO«tOO«-HCSJO) oino)csiO'tcoo^oo^Oioominiorsisinoorsin^fHOOo^oo^,rso^oocNjocsi«-Hi-< oo"^r" oC of r^T oo" cd" csj" o" cn" oo" rCr^Tin"oo"oo"^3*" o"^3-" o"cd" o" oo" r^" oo" o" r-f co" ^3-" csT^-" oo" oo" oo" r-*T ^Hlf>rscD*-HOCOLOOOCsj<3-00»fsrNO)00000)OOOOOCS|OOC7>OOOCOOOOCOOOOOOCSJ CSJCSI»-Hi-HCSJCSlCSJCS4CSJCSJ»— 1«— iCSI»— 1»— ICSJCSJCSJCSI»— if-HOOCSlCSJr- 1*— !0O»-H»-Hr-4CS4CSJCSJ»-HCSJCSJ OOCDOO^OO^JT^CDOCSJOCSJ inmooooo^-^Lfi^fncsjp-i oooocooocDin— ioo^couo of csj" oo" r-T o" of o" oo" csT— fcsf csf 495,238 | o>m«f ooLnio(orN^,mo)u>como^uio)if)rN^'rt»tno)cM»HOO)ff>0) cooCTxsitocTxncsjCMioor'.iocMoocMcvjiounriCD^i-r'.csji'^Lnr'-.coLnoi-HCMcooom^- r^cooNicsf io«trvo»r(Din^corNrtcoi-irortiotf-HrvcoW'HO>'r«!ino>-i o’ cn’ t-Ti cn r^.’ oo’ oo’ oo’ cn’ o’ in’ o’ o’ id’ oo’ r^.’ oo csT c\T o’ of o’ oo’ «-T' o’oo’of rC oo’ o’ >— T rC co’ co’ esf oo’ ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 I 1 1 1 • 1 1 • t 1 I 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 I » 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 » • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i ■ i i i t i i i i | t ™ i i i i i i i i i i i i • i i i i i i i i ! i i i i ■ i i i i ■ i ’ • 1 1 1 i i C i 1 , 1 Q. i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i , i i i i i , • i i i i • • i i i t a* > ■»•••• i o i i i i 3 • • • ••• ii 1 ! 11 'oo ■' '• '! 1 1 22 S S. 1 •f§ = J= : 2 o ! ! !$> ; ; = gs ; jlnfc !* j®' j ! j>= j j : ^ = ^ ° <=' loaj'og -§ > c a; 1 Jr c o ?£ 0 c5S^cw0,05 ■ ■EE'tZnj cuo2>SSa>“pa>0 go cd '■EoQ-cofe-£^e'*"'a5 > d)4- r- ^ C _ Q. C Q> •— 1 fl) U C ““ _ r - C v TOo^’EoSzjiJJ^S^'S TO TO TO 2 S' "5 “to CO TO -E 1= "o 2 TO 3= > to'— O ^ Q TO ■ — o • » i cr> i iHlOCOHrHiH 1 _ 1 1 • l|S 1 1 rCcrT rCro' c\T in • • no • • ■ irf ■ • i i i i i i 5, 735 i i 18 il il i I | csT j-T j 1 II III II III i i i i Total (in thousands)4 a 1.— icococom^ocMinco*-4*— • ^r-.«rx)r^co^coLO^c^LOcsjQDCNioocr> cococococmcococo^tcmoococnjcocnjco 1, 648 r^. CO Fixed charges * s SsISlilsSIISsIsa .-<* cm* in cxT to in* ltT in* egcfWcfciuf 16, 813 ssrs^sss cg-^esr-H- 5, 939 s O *> <5 c/> o All other 1 m SSSsSSSSSSSssSilSi o* o' 2 Woo*ofofcnoo oo%r~. -4o*o‘ 42, 529 U5-* ; «5*~*-*^* 2,811 ■s JZ o •o o -C o Transporta¬ tion 00 2lRiSll=SIlSS§ll BsssVassfs'ssssVss 261, 945 33, 170 37, 076 34, 987 29, 817 21,409 27, 900 33, 668 26, 492 17, 426 21, 576 1 f l r Main¬ tenance ** sllslsssssISsslI oT^wiCcsiVoooWV^cooeW^Vj 62, 792 2*o*oo*rCio*«^‘oroj*in 8, 299 l 1 Operation CD lillSSsSalSasilS ”~ss'=2s'2‘asaa'“'aaB 102, 304 s§s£§is§£ or-Tr-T-tr inW oVn 11,723 Total asssgSSaSRSslSiS 1, 897, 767 195, 929 98, 458 101,273 141, 580 87, 866 120, 326 118, 888 140, 256 93, 191 OO o sf Instruction Other expenses > * RiSglSlslsSSIsil 54, 869 isisHglg oo* cm* i~-* c*5* m* in* in* oo* *■* 9, 297 Salaries of instructional staff IsSSlsssInsllill SMgSSsSalSaSSgSa' 1, 042, 898 187, 034 95, 876 93, 605 138, 022 82, 507 114, 442 113, 125 126. 860 91,427 69, 721 Admin¬ istration CM sS2iS8g*38gB8§2g o' oo* 05* o* — o* o* — <* 05* of 05* r-.* in' oo* oo* — <* . 63, 351 ^V-*->r‘~*.*-*u3*io*r~-.*.*-* 7, 227 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS ! COUNTY UNITS 47 2, 211 OOCDTT vom oo cd 2,443 CVJ 00 *-* f « *—* ^OOrHinifiO) cvj co com 418 240 178 197 o oo o cn 672 1, 584 rvinfv^t 361 213 8, 295 i i oo cn i cn — < 1 o cd~ icsT i i 290 062 1,400 1,400 932 932 6, 721 12, 773 in oo oo cvi in in co CVJ CVJ CD CD 4, 442 2, 202 — • O CVJ 'tom oor^co ro oi cvi oo *— < • ^■oo-unino^ *3- cm co *3- com 416 cn oo co CNJ—i 197 cn oo cn cn 665 1,572 in o cn •HOOrnO OO-sl- 356 213 CO o l/> o cvj cvi cd co LO CD CD CD CT> — I ^tcof-TcvT— T | 4, 226 2, 271 1,955 6, 022 1,522 4, 500 30, 015 16, 056 6, 268 1,391 4, 669 3, 728 364 3, 532 O O i 114, 264 85, 000 71, 746 227,540 in co cd cn co — • o co co cn cn o cd cn o co •—< *-T co o ~ — T cn co csj m co *«* 45, 281 19, 629 25, 652 28, 795 11,731 17, 064 52, 181 178, 189 39, 799 47, 150 50,603 40, 637 OO s o 30, 440 CN S 24, 636 26, 500 21,676 70,699 14, 783 15, 964 11,318 10, 549 2, 354 15,731 7,641 5,660 1,981 iH M CO 3,156 3,195 10, 157 63, 929 7,414 21,673 8. 149 26, 693 9, 053 5,373 00 iO CO n 97,115 63, 200 76, 271 271,555 | 53, 872 31,022 36,012 44, 789 41,285 64, 575 41,736 22, 635 19, 101 23,902 11,619 12, 283 55, 928 141, 385 34,227 37, 456 38,167 31, 535 24, 644 20, 078 1, 517, 205 569, 744 487, 200 460, 261 1,717,173 | 319,254 190, 425 197, 725 326, 341 265, 054 418, 374 295,449 174, 772 120, 677 110, 262 59, 591 50,671 477, 482 1, 055, 021 202, 876 302, 116 285, 012 265, 017 205, 284 138, 809 114, 976 OOOOO cn cd cvj CMOfv afc o cT rococo 138,032 | r— « CD OO CVI 1—4 — «cn co cn n co oo co cn cn co~ in cvT o' cvT of CO CVI —< cvj r— 4 CVJ 18,494 11,839 6, 655 10,106 5, 854 4, 252 29, 264 75,400 10, 264 21, 729 20, 028 23, 379 3, 399 9, 946 1, 402, 229 530, 491 451,200 420, 538 1, 579, 141 | co cn r^. cvj co — ■ O CVJ O CD CVI oo oo co r-. o cvr^irTirTcvToo oo cd oo o in oo CVJ r—i r— « CO CVI CO 276,955 | 162, 933 114, 022 100,156 | 53, 737 46,419 448,218 979,621 192,612 280, 387 264, 984 241,638 201, 885 128, 863 56, 294 21,056 19,450 15, 788 104,173 | 16, 236 14, 944 16, 861 23, 378 13,442 19,312 1 17, 194 | 10, 093 7,101 16,816 8, 397 8,419 25, 091 | 81,182 —<000 00 co cn o in incooo -a- ^ OO OO 0"7 — « CVI — « CVI 12, 143 10, 132 o 31 < a — 1 a>“o o fc- C c c co cornu. > a s o 3 > a 3 oo 3 : 3 e o o S' o 0) See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county -unit school systems, by State, population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Continued 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total (in thou¬ sands)4 13 1,343 8, 878 coco^cMcoiD^cocsjoocoeoincococNiaocooocomcooococNj Not al¬ locable for full-time day schools 1 12 419 71,941 ooo^oinrsMi/) ' -st* I co co ^ ! o ! o> ! cd *-h ! i — ooLOoocnoocor^ »o> itncooo ico ■ co cn iidoo«3- i cm co co m oo cm i o i oo in ns i *3- *-< i *— « co oo • ^ *—• in OO 1 CD 1 *3- CM 1 in i«-HO> I co tj- *-h i Allocable for full-time day schools Total (in thousands) 4 11 1,342 8, 806 C50^-0)tnO)COCMincMOOO*<}-|^O^OCT>COO)inM(DOOO(D r^oorv(vicoNOcoo*-'00)ino)^,0'-t^^,cNCsio*-'oo CO CM *3* CM CO CO ^ CO CM CO CO CO CO CO C\J co co CO CO m CO CO CO CNJ Fixed charges 3 10 27, 983 127,775 NNOOcoOfMOO'3-ininooooco^tcjcooo'd-OrHcoa?^o inr^iDcO'«3-cnr^cooiDOr^oocDr^ooincoo ^■(NCJUDr^^TtotMaDooooiOM-inooiom^r^'d-OMXDooiD CNjm^incoooiDiDin^-inr^M-cvi^Tvo^ooor^r^'d-Onrco of— •%-•" ^ crT in"co" in' — f ,-T co" cm" r^" r^" co" oo of o' to id" *3-" cm" — T Transporta¬ tion 00 82, 579 1, 018, 300 F-M*)Oin(*5r^rOinoOOM«>r-."^-tc u3rv(r)oo)Ouo^-ootDLn^-ooooioo)-" oo" cvj" oo" ctT *!•' *3-^rir>*STOl«CMtO«3-ir>OOC>JC\J*l-*rCMC\JOO'J-*3-t'«OOCMCMCO Main¬ tenance f- 00 o of 00 277, 075 cNjoo^MiDr^ooocoooco’tt't^r^ocnoocoojinoio OOTinco^ioocnco^Tv^-rH^Hcvjo^incooTf^Hio^inf^ »— 4cocsjo»in^roocor^inr^«— icvjina>oocNjo^rr^^f^»— ir^co rCrCTMOOOcor>.ino>^M^cMNincoina)ooh*o)CM ^■cn^rMooocoinorvcMiDrHcoinoi^cMCvj^’oocooo'Efco rNinrHC\jcocoiDinoor^r>iDincMiDcocMin^moiDiDoo oo cm" oo" ** ofcM"irfirfco"in^fco'ocfocf»-rincf of i rC of «sj-" co cm" co" co" — • CMCM—»CMCO—iCM—‘—«—4CMCM—4—4—4—«— «—*•—' iCOCOCM — 4 •— « Instruction Total ifi 990, 269 6,136,239 •Kj-inoococninoocn^-cor— <^1 — «— 4ino>ino>ooocn <-405ooiHa)oocoooinincjcoooiD*HinOOlDO>00—0>inincOCM of cm" irfofofr^crfpC^t' •— T crT r-T id" o" in" co" **■" cd" ccT *-T in" irf cm" id" r^T i^ocDcDCMCMOrsinoxnoooinooio^-'-H^tco'cro-'CMO^ CM— 'CM*— •CM^CO—r.— «t— «CMCMCOCMCM— •CMCMCMCMCOCMCMCM— • Other expenses > * 17, 040 148, 023 00iD0)in'tcM0)Oinr^rH*-4f>»000)CM0)'t*HC>hs^tr^0)O CMOOI-NOOpNOOOlOCMr^CJOf^OOOOO^OOCOWOCOCMCOOl ooorscsirsoococM^inooocoo^CMOooocOMOin^r r-Tofto in" oo" of ^r" co"cvj"oo"cd ^*" of^r" — co" in" toVcTufcorC Salaries of instructional staff fO 973, 229 5, 988, 216 iDC^ocoincoooocoor^rNCDcsjinoor^^tooincoiHco ooinocvjcMinfOTtNNcocMincnNrHoinMfoo^orvcDin 0)co^Mncor^'^inr>»tor^*HfxcMoo^fO)CMa>oocNjTi,'^r^r> co" oo" o" rC cm" co" of r^" co" of cf cd" cd" of cvT co" cf in' o" in" r-T cm" of i^ooincDCMrHair^^oococnoo^r^incor-H^cM^cnocMOO CM —• CM —• CM CO —•—•—• CM — 4 CO CM CM —« CM CM CM CM CO —• CM CM —• Admin¬ istration CM 40, 026 383, 104 cDO>0)M-oocMOM-incsrHNoo>*-4ino>0)in^cocs^rNin m«?j-cocMinc£)0)if)cvj'-40)CMoo*-4M,ooooM-ininM-oincor*N OOCDM-COrvOOmcOCMOinOOM-COiHM-mr-irHCDCOCMCMO) ^ c^ o' co" in' o' c»f of cm'^ in' csT cd“ co* r^erf of State, population group, and county r* KENTUCKY Group II Floyd . . . . Group III _ Adair _ _ Bath. . . Bullitt.... . . . Butler _ _ _ Caldwell _ _ Carter. . . Clay . . Fleming _ _ Green... . . Hart _ Jackson . . . Jessamine _ Knott _ _ Lawrence . Leslie . . . . McLean _ _ _ _ Magoffin . . Martin . . . Monroe . . Morgan _ _ _ Ohio . . . . Oldham . Rowan . . Russell _ Simpson . . . 5! * LOCAL SCHOOL S in^«Tr-csj — ino^oo^i-ooocsi — csiinocsjvoin- ^CO^^CSJCSJ-* — CSI04CSI-MC0CSJCSI— «CSI—<04^C4 YSr 04 co rEMS trrotD | CSJ oo VO o 21, 187 O JNTY fcJ-OCsl 1 m vo f ■ D OO CO oorfnt U] to Q r* of stits 4 cors.covoincovocD^fuo^j- FHfoooofsonoincoo) csiDvooooor**.^-icoincocsi csf — ' csT ^ r-T — ' 04 — ' — ' csf 04 s 00 i csjtoooooOfOinr^tDinvoooooo^in^fcvjooh. ■ r^rH^HOoofOh.intnoo)00«sicvjcoO'«j-oo*H i Ncocvja)'- i in | in i co I i i o 00 H CSJ CSJ VO CSI o *— » 1 exToo uf co 00 ^ — i in to CD to of fH fH H o>oo — voooNO'tvom in — Dcoinocsjinincsivo oiaiin^inoooin^M of cf — ^^uf cf csf — Q oo O— O CO 04 04 CO CO s * r'ioMintS£i>(SKDU3coofo- m — * «omcocMOinooiwoooM-<-<>j'0^in't — cviro-H>-iCMC\j<-i'-tf)corsrs — comcsjcsj of^csf — f— f — csf— T^csf csf 5 2 OO^lOrOON^^WNCO^’lOOtrtVD^’tOfOW^ ^rroi — co o esi r — <£)*=r — — r'^ — oor'-oooor'- — — oocsiocsjr^csi — coco**- — vo^r^in — o — — — vo uf cS~+cocf*-Z*ococJcoco*tcocS'&cfincoco 3 co o> m r***. incocsi 8 uf 00 o w OOOO^tfirsW^^OOOQtOOlDtON^^O)^ — Ocsj — CDcsior^Lno-^rocsjcsicsioooocsj r^oocooo^rrocNjr^-oro^-CNji — o>vd— **-ovo^i-o '0>oovovDr'^ vo of rH in^a-r^ oo in o> o.cor^ CO CD of 00 U) s fH csj »— i in coisin ^resjo T vcf r>T rs.csjvocDcoco — intMCD — — 04— — — 04 — — — CSI ro « of o K O-*}-— icvjcti— 'Ln^-iCTicncvitj-mor^u-xDoooOLnu-) ♦ Oin»tMOOCTHCfvKCOoin'tococor~oo«ro)-i OJCNjroooooo — — iJi-imDP' to to r>C^c4eo‘>“*Wro"o'r'C' ^■“co'cf i-T — irT oo" cM«rcsicsi«*-csicsioo*»-csiLOcviincom— H ^ cd m m co esj r^*» OO VO vorshs oo S ^ I — mrs voincsj ! to in VP fH of VDVD — 0)OO^tCSIO)VD — CSJ co — o — vor^vocsicocncD ooorsooo^o^coo) — * of o* cf ^-*- * vo* pC of csjcoinooo — ooocoo — cocsjvocDOcsjcooooin^- S •0 8 Ncooo<-iO<’(DNCNjir)oOi-unO(Da'0>r~o winifuoN'tr'Oco — NOrvOooroooooiciatJ) oocr50—ocsioooo> ^OfNjtDWOOMflrHOOO^OfOOJtO^T-t^rH cocoir>m^d*cooor^oooor^CNJvo«- csT ^r* irf oo of erf erf erf uf uf — * cf of uf csf ^* csj* of of erf of O 04 O 8 vo vo CD NON rfcfirf 00 o 00 o iD CO 04 CO oocfrf 04 CO CSI CSI — o ^HCj^-Ln^ooooisoors m vocncDOO'-Lnocooooovo m , tors — ^-csj^ffcomcois ofcfrsT^ufoo oo ^ovcfcvfirf | in m co oo rs. Group IV - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 f 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 « 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • i J i i • i i i i i i • i » i i i » i • i z: c i ! i • » c * i ! » » » » • i • | * Jf s = : i-2 : :® : : is j® : *.2 = -gi£8J® : = = -§ S = ^ « C «3 CO D-oiz TO.— CO 03.^ ^ ^ ^ o cL'CZ ® 1 ■ i • i i i i i iii i i i i i i Jiv i , i i i i i i i i 1 i i • ... , . 5? 1 , i i i i i i i i • i • _ iii zd ^ ; ; • i • i i i c? i ; 3 • ' c 3 3 j o J 3 ! cn 5 J S i i J ® 2 2 i-i S 2 :^Ji=E “§S-g £3 (3 OOQ ^ C3 -2 0) ® o rn ~ <2 2? i; w w- ® w-o^a, -O >,^j= Cc'zidjJ'i = 5j2 T3m» ra2s;;5ra!5®aj!fc>2'£ o 03 (U > CD — > u n n ai 03 TO cj S o: o yj — , See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county-unit school systems, by State, population group, and individual 1955-56 — Continued 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1951-56 Total (in thou¬ sands)4 3 kssSISSksssIs r-4*-* cnj oo'r-Tco •— T»— < •— T c\T c\Tc\T cvf 30, 728 iS=RsSss§§gai=Is“ -T-T _T ~ Not al¬ locable for full-time day schools * 3 s iSalssillss i 8 jSS'SSSSS'KSS' j I j 599, 740 60, 240 13, 990 9,715 29, 733 7, 000 585 12, 375 9, 987 49, 130 7,151 17,114 948 23, 325 11,610 3, 331 4, 699 Allocable for full-time day schools Total (in thousands)4 3 Sssslii— ssia 30,129 SSssISSIssslSSSs Fixed charges » S SSilSISSlillS ssssss^sSa'sjs's 371,458 Slll§saSiSsgSls§ Other school services All other* o> ilsSsassslaSs SISiS'i's’lSsiSs' is :l i 1 " SlgllassisISSIIs ISasagssassg's'c'ss Transporta¬ tion 00 220, 731 135, 296 389, 265 378, 526 246, 490 433, 676 113, 000 111,833 188, 555 327, 566 214, 668 263, 763 209, 816 4,428, 505 ggiSSassSSSgSSSS 5 g g| 88 8 3 § as SSg g 5Pf Main¬ tenance sSSSlillKSSSi 951, 149 alisisSSIlIlsiss Operation 00 iKsllisSSsRla fasssssssssass § S’ ri £ 5 as S 5 S 3582 SSSS! s Instruction 3 I— m 951, 968 1, 226, 142 1, 559, 564 2, 563, 805 1, 065, 483 2,355, 047 718, 725 1,116, 768 955, 825 1,773, 393 1,352,713 1, 270, 539 1,601,586 19,246,282 §ISsrIIss3ssIssS SgSs’SSSSISSSSSIS it scf SSS 521, 449 II^srIkSSIsISSSI aa,risja='''=:2S“S3a2S2' Salaries of instructional staff - 924, 017 1, 195, 084 1, 527, 467 2, 467, 436 1,050,112 2, 316, 484 694, 058 1, 100, 274 944, 697 1,716, 032 1, 327, 972 1,256,271 1, 532, 238 18, 724, 833 §lsSIIsIsIli§12S iRSSSssSISI’sRssl' Admin¬ istration w gsg§S£&&§*s§3 gfsfsfi sf&$: &S8B! £$3 1,031,306 ggiaSSISfillsisRl State, population group, and county iH LOUISIANA— Continued Lincoln . . . Morehouse. . Natchitoches.... . . Rapides . . Richland. . . St. Landry. . . St. Martin _ _ St. Mary. . . St. Tammany _ _ Tangipahoa _ _ _ Terrebonne _ _ _ Vermilion . . . Webster.... . . . i j j j j j j i j i | i j i j j j I III murdmum LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 51 glgSsslSsSSsSSsfls -r-r -r ^ h IS 48, 843 6, 563 15, 925 14, 083 12,271 3 a -SlglSlII 3 a IsllSlSISs gSllSasalliSSSI 2S‘"'ftnKS'S”2S'''S~S 58,573 43,829 14,744 1 7, 384 63, 054 71,431 62, 225 117, 111 ssilsssSS oooujirffoofcoo'aT 108, 682 IsSslSl iiS Pn rH (T) |*s, CO 1 f— • «-H COr-H iaSSSSSSiSSiiSe ^ „vr 01 8 rf 48,639 6, 555 15, 862 14,012 12, 209 23, 317 iSsSsilss! 11, 041 IsKsSssalg _r_r,-r^r ^ llSilasasSsslll cn f^*in ctTto cnTio to'enr^'o' V" cojrt 29, 109 17,216 11,893 410, 143 99, 921 131 646 79, 002 99, 574 1 282,073 160, 797 iSs siiisis “oi'SRSr-'S2SJS SsSsilSlaifislSI KS'S'SS'S'Sg'ESfgS’gBS 99, 332 46, 531 52, 801 1,316,542 75, 925 351,601 524, 482 364, 534 797, 216 133, 621 58, 927 100, 182 24, 738 160, 385 114,611 17,114 137,699 49, 939 208,121 12, 464 18, 329 16, 340 28, 746 45, 907 17, 143 18, 047 14, 030 21,193 15, 922 SsssilsSsaSIslS 5> 3 ?3 «? !n Ss«fri! Sf 55 S 268,630 113,148 155, 482 a t cDegegcoinr— ir-»o cnegonncocor-unor-ir^ S <0 LO o ! si ; in ! M U3 <0 eg ei i iii 1 O 1 1 oo eg i o ■ i eg oo i in i ico co i i i oo I i ill i ii| m s 03 1 111 1 CO • 1 1 1 m 1 1 1 1 111 03 eg* 0° 03 I eg in co D s R 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 r— 1 03 1 1 1 1 O 03 1 1 1 03 eg 1 1 1 1 o) in 1 1 1 co 00 1 1 1 1 eg i— 1 1 • 1 0 03 1 1 1 1 r- co 1 1 1 eg 1 1 1 1 «-h eg • 1 1 1 1 1 1 iii § e-co*4* 1 IDMCD ^fr^oo CD s ei* eg f — ^nr-coevj cooorHinoor. eg in eg eg eg «n 0 *4- g-omcD CO CO O LO *4" s I CO 00 03 I 0 ° 1 “ m a r- co 03 ^4* 00 0 co eg f-i 00 o> r- in 00 03 eg eg co co 03 r- 0 O) eg 03 in 00 co •— 1 in 03 «—• r- S 00 to CO 0(0 00 or- o r— co oo f-?r-?c=> coco in to eg •0 eg eg — • r- o><«4- •— * eg o «— i O) oo co r-. co O) in eg in nf' ^ CD C in H *4-010 in —• cr> 0 in eg coe-r-rH^ cn? r- r-T co co 00 00 m 03 M 00 eg coco^co*4-r-*<4-^r-»-Hr-i omor-to^coi^o^co co 03 r- r- co r- r-. co co in co co co 00 ^co co co co co 03 rHCOrH^egCO-HinrH ^ a 5“ co r-. r- ass coco**cd CVJ r-H CD a to coming-g-eg 03 *4- oo 03 oo eg oo co -h eg oo co ococo ^e^freo in 0 iH 1 03 1 03 03 OO 03 1 — 1 03 OO «*f 1 eg eg eg 1 eg 1 1 • 1 1 in 00 s 03* eg CD to to to *4- in 0 r-. 0 co 00 eg 03 co 03 CD 03 CO ^4- 0 00 OO *4- eg 03 mcvjooooo^nOrHco^g- 03 r*^* oo* m eg* co* ecT in' eg o*cd* —•coco t-H —• eg ^4- eg ^4- co 1*3 3 3 H OCVlrH 00)10 ONM co in eg m m co CD a 3 NOCVIOOOO o r— lo oo o eg coeginrHinrH oor^TcooTcoco cg-nm—* — • in eg tH a 00 in eg *4- co *4^ lo r- 03 10 co in 0 co •“Too eg co r- a in eg e- r- co oT bm R to CD 00 OO CO 03 Cg 03 O t-H co co co 0 egooegr-egor-nr— oo^4-eg co r-» eg — • r— 0 co m 03 r— » — * eg eg t^cTeo ^•^-’r-Tin'cor— T in 00 03 —•—•—• co r^% in 0 03 ro 8 rf H coegin in o r- lOOrH CO 00 CO ^ege- eg o 00 €0 03 y—t ^toomco»H ing-^co*-«^ CO OO "4- *4* CD OO egegooo^oj in 0 oT fH 00 co eg ^4-00 cor- eg coo O 03 OO LO r—t 1/3 —T Or-^ in eg eg eg r- m 03 CO 0 5 S ^cor.*HNoo30coooin oocor^cooooeg.— icdo*4- cor-cococooo>eg*4-oo3 03* in r-T coinofc^CDLncO'-* coin*4-ino3r-*4-egegr-r^ 1 2 coo CO HttO) lo *4^ oo co eg in *4" 03 8 a r- cd cd o — • in ID CD CD CO CD CO og-coegcoo LO CD co co lo co* *4- co in co co co s r-T m lo *4^ 00 lo eg co «— • CO OO r~* *— » OO »— 1 OO 03 — T eg 0 0* cxT — * «— • eg 00 00 eg co 00 CO 00 03* 03 m CD O C0C0f^r-*4-O^4-*4-030300 og-cgcocooro't^HCOco «4rHinr^*40^r-eg *3- cm oo cm i~~ ir> cm CJ5 r~~ r~- r^- co i-'Tin m *&■ «a- rtOrtr'Ooo CO CM CO •— 1 CM a S co in *3* co co co 03 r- lo 00 0 CO »-* •— 1 03 03 co irT r-T 03*1/3* eg eg co 0 co 03 °° in •*4* eg rC CO 0 00 *4 03 5§ eg i? ooo3eginco s' r- coco incsi^ 'd'rHCVJ *4-** co r-T m s a H (ODrsrsioo *4- eg eg oo — < co CD CO O CD O LO r- oo ^ino'r-T eg eg *-h eg eg eg to 5? 03 »— 1 OO CO — « ^ co 0 r— co 03 e- 00 r— > r— 1 idococjV 03 in 8 CO r- co co CD CD O303r-inegcor-r-eg*4-o — •cooooinegr-.ino)03in cOf-H03egcoegoo>oooo*4* in —1 co 0 *4^ eg* 0*0 eg* *4** cT egcoegr-*4**4-eg— icococo 00 cn 8 CM ION CO OO CX> *4 *HOO r-Too eg co o co eg*4*m o CO to S3 H cgcooincog* 00 LO o co ^ co cd *4- r- in r- o cd r- a) 00‘S co 00 00 00 in 00 co CVJ^CNjrH-'-H 03 a co co lo 0 m 55cocgr^ o' co r-T r-T r-< T-l CO 03 CO 0 e- co ocT S2 03 co co « eg in r^. 03 03 03 O? tm bm eT H cDOino— a I 0 i i i i i i • i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • • i • 1 i JJI j= «“■ e 5® = .5i V5? l 1 i i 1 > a l 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 |0» 2 ! ! j | • 00 75 c= ! , >* = .o — . '-“7= e|§®e2 =j.E >, >> a ! 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ CO III °* "O 1 l t <3 2 3 s >!, 00 CQ a CO 3 c 0 E i- <0 CD O -J i | j 0 ' 3 J 1 * z 0 • » 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i : S i i i i§J ij • • 1 • I 1 » O Q. l2 j jf :j§ :se jo .2 CDXZ.E 03 Ho. E^jz 0 ® r-ot:,5.Fct dijs5 3 n-§ ™ 0 0 c 3 fflffiuQXnSzzoo: See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county-unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county : 1955-56 — Continued 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 )Lnfoococo-HOcnNfooa)000»toc\nocMO)r^^tc «cmcmcocooooocnjlO' -CNJO^-tDCOO) Lor".LOooooooLoooooLO CD CNl CM CM o a> *° p co 2: o =3 o OH- CO ) OO CM CM CO CO ) co csi co r^. co - — < NCMON i^cocococo^ooiNcowoooocMO^iocoorNON^Nr ■iDCOOr- ICMCMCOOOOOCOOUOC O CO - ■. LO CO CO CO o c CMO)O)«tO)«t0N - •—* LO CNl [NCOCMIOpH CO OO CO CM O CO OOOOCOO?id •—•OOCOCMCMCOCOO^O)*— toococ IN^rHCDCOCDCOCVlI^lOCMrNlO' t— tCDoo^-o^j-LOLOior^ior^co* r^coajoocoo't-Tr co cm »-« co «— • < ^■LO^-cococo^-cocO'cj-Loco^rLo^Loior >f— « OO LO CD CO ^ OO «— i*-»CM»~ I ■COOCOOOCDOLOCO^rOCM ■^■OOOfNOOMlOOCVJOOOO coco OlO CM -H ^r^CDCNJCO*— «CNI^ fNCMlOOO^tCO oocMcoocococDoocoor-cor^cDoo^-ior^oooocDooOLOco OCNir^COrj-CNlCOOOCDLOOOCOOOOOL — 'COCOLOLOCOCOCNir^COCO^d-^Hr-«CDCO' > CO OO O LO CO c O CO coco s • co CD CD OO —* O O « ) o CO O O O CD lo ^ . t-H co cn co cococNjooooiooiocoiooors co^rcocor^CDr-Hco^-coo*— tcoio ^■LOIOIO^CMOLOCOIDCNICMCO^ CM CO CNJ o CM C >oor^oo^cocMcocNjLOCNicof^oor ■CMCOCNICMCDCOOOCOCD^-’^-CDOO^ -lOCO^j-LOCOLOLOl — LO^J-cocoiocNi^tcoioa)cM CO CNJ CD t »— '^M-CSKOCOOlOfSl^COCOr- lOOlDINNr- *00 00 0 LO^LOCOCOCMCD^H^rr^lOCMOOOOCOCO^rCOCMLO^HCOCD^J-O iff iff Iff 22 sTsSh S 222222! 2~ 2*cm~ o oo oo r-««. lo r^. _ E . a> E = co <^> LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS! COUNTY UNITS 55 o CD 665 6, 503 22, 869 3,160 1,476 1,140 1,117 1,853 1,494 2,436 1,474 1,570 1,006 1,114 1,202 1, 465 902 1,458 CO iH fH 672 474 477 832 622 707 333 OO CM 1 j i i ig is i i ! j j ! loo ;«tT ; ; 1 OO . CD 273, 713 4, 407 1,618 2, 620 8, 033 4,112 26, 199 186, 016 1,095 2, 404 28, 788 5,175 3, 246 27, 274 7, 272 885 2, 900 4, 736 570 10,517 394 28,418 O CD 665 6, 501 22, 595 cDinNNinoocooococncorN't iDrvro^^cj)r-.cx)r\Or-HC7)coonn rH^rHMOO^^CMinOrHr^^OO^ co *-T *-T »-T *-T ,-T cvT *-T ^-T.-T.-Tv-T *-T CO OO 0 ** *3* co ^ co cm co r>* cm cm cr> 00 CO ^3" ^3* OO CO CO CO CO to CM ISiiliiSeS Ln" csT ltT cm' in' •— T 79, 568 34, 394 84, 581 237, 823 i o' j o' oo' in' r~.' cm' oo' O* eg' *cr' ref co' r-' 48, 692 ofincooTirTocrr 3, 936 ssslsilisa <•“ oo' i-'-T cm' r»T< o' o' in' <-<' g 15, 248 267, 021 925, 965 Ss*SgSsgS§sS§i*g 212, 830 19,315 34, 486 6,651 51,433 59, 667 28, 903 12, 375 9, 029 HISISsbUS sssasas’sRS' 150, 098 57, 029 47, 957 541, 755 IsSlilaaSsslsSS ss'as'sa'saaaassss' 124, 913 16, 151 11,544 16,716 19. 709 18, 680 25, 403 16.710 11,886 SSigiiSsSi inrCco'o'oo' 1 to Is* 49, 625 28, 956 206, 236 703, 114 s as s“ s s s 5 ! 5 as sf : s 2 3“ 80, 926 12, 302 6, 395 10, 102 23, 338 12, 585 13, 482 2,722 10, 131 12, 439 18, 544 17, 144 15, 662 15, 350 18, 906 20, 389 21,270 21,734 7, 730 143, 980 68,768 585, 040 S i H SSSsSSssSSSSSSS g‘s‘ S“ Sf S? ; 3S‘i S‘S K £ E S S s“ 260, 637 47. 432 23. 432 23,310 57, 438 32, 485 54, 150 22,390 18, 945 148, 882 212, 666 133, 991 281,789 198, 865 190, 504 281,757 281,705 259, 360 157,518 1, 029, 141 451, 873 5, 242, 531 17, 636, 284 ISsRgssSISsSasl l¥ifel'2¥l¥sl¥s¥s' .coin^HrH rHrxooM-oooooocooooorN 13,808 I in in co co oor^cors co co to Fixed charges 3 10 466 | 170, 512 ^ OO OO CSJ OO CO CO O OO CO 00 r^ooocoioooiniococooo^f — * csi ki- cm co o o co m cm 1 of oo" of oo" co" co" in' co" ltT in" oo" of 178,758 I 3, 257 4, 559 4,190 15,664 Other school services All other 2 O) 1,764 17, 656 415, 081 r-4cooocM^cocooooo)tn't CO in O CO lo o> CD LO CO C\J CO co oo cm r-** in cm co in *-h in oo oo co in" rCi co" of in' t-T rC cm" co" in" in' rC co co CO CO CM co co co CO CM 536, 848 15,217 8, 401 19, 078 39,494 Transporta¬ tion 00 9,812 21, 507 3,890 1, 062, 611 M^NfOOM-ONCOCMOO) 'CincNooinoootHCsicoin ino,)0)csjiHcoM,cocors(00) i^ocTcTTco'crTcsT of csT^cf oof 0)CDO0)W0)O0)Ps0)00C0 1, 743, 491 65, 200 59, 602 74, 864 63, 765 Main¬ tenance r* 5,178 13,955 1,062 282, 311 cNjoinococMcocococorscsj ■—looker*— «r^ocMCM*3-r-oocM pHtnminM’N'tOicoMTNrH in' o' coV-TofocfcTocr CM^CM^^-iCOr-H^J- CM CM 302, 692 7, 500 8,841 21, 797 6, 721 Operation CO 9,614 30, 195 2, 245 716, 430 80. 845 36, 746 64, 390 77, 738 43. 845 53, 671 58, 879 65, 536 56, 906 71, 266 52, 997 53,611 911, 762 21, 620 25, 905 34, 967 62, 439 Instruction Total in 51, 155 156, 569 31,614 8, 678, 340 ^OOf^^lT-^OOOOCMCMOO.-* Ttcorvcocooooocncoo^coco HCMO>OmOHO)CONO)CO r-T^f' cm"oo"cm"cm" in'rCrCcrfcM' fNcoooN^tTtocoini^rscM ooininocococoococor^in 9,664,213 258, 236 252, 853 562, 040 463, 758 Other expenses 1 6, 097 11,510 2, 008 391, 010 mcsjTf^cMOcocooocMincM o)Ocoo)o>ino)oo(\KoincM fHcoincMcorsrHCMh»m*Hco t-ic in' oo"' r^T cm" r^T co" of co" 00" M'CMCMM’CMCMCOinCMCOCM'-i 416, 430 | 12, 000 11,398 22,113 20,205 Salaries of instructional staff co 45, 058 145,059 29, 606 8, 287, 330 0)CO«(OinO)NCMM,OCOO) ^■co^trvcscooo^coco^o cno)M-rxoofOO)r>.0)CMOOco of oo"' rC co" —Too" cvfoo"^"^-" CMCOinCVlrH^HNOCOCOM’O ooininococoinococor^in 9, 247, 783 246, 236 241,455 539, 927 443, 553 Admin¬ istration cm 3, 000 9, 663 3, 285 394, 776 ominooomco^csiMO-H ocoooor^incocMCOCMCMco OOCMCOCOrHOOM'CMOOO co" 0" *3*" co" cm" 00" r^T cm" in' 00" of CO CM CM O) CM CM CM CO CM CM CO *-H 470,020 13, 893 15, 195 18, 977 21, 124 State population group, and county H SOUTH DAKOTA Group IV Shannon 6... . _ Group V Todd _ _ _ Group VI Washabaugh8 _ ... TENNESSEE Group II . . Campbell . . . . Fayette . . Franklin . . . . Gibson. . . . . Giles _ _ _ Lauderdale . Lawrence _ _ Maury . . . . Putnam . . Robertson _ Sumner . Weakley . Group III. . . Benton » _ _ Chester . . . Claiborne _ Cumberland . . . Kalb LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS cococoo*coCM*frr^^j*CMcocor-CT>coCT>oocMO^rr-' com^cocor^co^-^cocococoooooinco^inr^^in^j 3,957 OOOC7linoOCMOOC^incN^OO«^CM — irs.rvO»mom CO CO CO CM CO CM — * CM CM CM — • — • CO CM CM 329 | CO IrtN i iiii iii OOOOOOU7)rO 'OOOIS 1 1 csj ' CD c-** CT) oo •— i cm o o •— ' in i^oo^f < oo oo^j- a> • co co oo to •—< oo ^ • m co • i ■ < oo — * o* 9)0)^* «if CM a> > CM •— * ' «— i i CO OO ‘ 1 IIII III I ^ { eg o' !] CM • I'll 1 CD O • >CM 1 O r^*» i ■ i i i i i c“> i • co 1 o co i . 1 1 1 1 CM 1 LO * O CM » iiiii i^fCM 1 ' LO CO in i i i i i i i ii i i 4,309 4, 309 COCOOOO^CMCT'iCMCMCM— *OOCO— *000^*— iCOOCMCM*-*CN ^•Nioin^ococsi^tococMco^rx9>cooooocNjO'triN coio^cocorNto^-^cotDcocooocointo^ftOfN^m^ 1 1! o to 9» j «*? ooocnmoocMcocnincMooao— «^rco OMfors^-coa>cM^r^coa)tnoin CO CO CO CM CO CM •“* CM CM CM — ' CO CM CM 325 cn co ococoo^Ncoin^^rsco^ooinrvm^oooinww cn— icnoencnoocninoo^ooo^cncMco^in^j-coco.— *co corso^oors5r»^rso>cjoooto0(ofo^cgo>cor> co" mV rC co o" in" cm" co" m" co" r^cor^o6oo~oo*i invito 47, 674 cocoo*Hinoooi/)cooa)0^^co oinocorsio^O)tn^foooa>cn^inr^cM mwtD^mifco»Hfn^oo^^inrs^ vo^^oo^ocr> oooocMcmocoixoa)^- iCMtoo^cotnrstooocMtMCO rCirTrCcsNa*" oo"cM"«^".^"in"cfco"cM" r*TcTirf o"co"oo co"— TrCcvi tO CM —* ct> in — ■ -w to oo OtocM^-axoPOtocoocM^rcMinCTicvi— iOlocmcocm— > oinoinoivcoN^ooifiinioooo^ioooiniv^ ir>* co* oo* — * — ■ * ir>* to’ cn’ o’ cvj’lo* ^t’cnj’ o-j* o’ on* cnT oo* to’ oo’ to* to’ o cor-^CTitocsii-.ootooou-ito-M-cMtNimtoootOr'-to^rmoo 632, 020 TfinoHooom^N^O'fai^'H ooooaoooo^rcntococoo^rLOCMr^ OOOmCOincOOO— •*3'*-*0>CMC0CMO ofooooo" co nf cm" m" ioc o" oo" ~ in o" ^j-iomcMco^rcocMcoio— «coincsi'4r 51,684 21,630 30. 054 inocoomooooo^^cocvjintooNcoatoocMOr^in .a>oocooooo^o^iftrvoo o*>" co*" — •" m" co" ~ co" o" of r^T crT — j" r^T oo" o" m" to r>T co af co 86, 690 mo coo — « — oococM^J-cocncocsi iMOiooinNinoorsfnrHoroo ^■omfxr-Knco^coincooocjo < *r" «e" in' ^ c\Tro* VcoVm"^^ "«r"io * • 5, 981 3,423 2,558 »oi — rtOOiorvoOfoairoiDooininooiotorotoui ^-"Nr^cMoiin«^t>ju)tooinoovocM«tooooesicnCT>ir>cgtn 01* csT ir>* — * * o* o* tn* to* to* o* oo* tr>* cM*tr>*o>*o*to*— Too’csT of r-T •“•OOCMCMCMPOIOCMCM— •lOCMCMtnCMOO’VCM^-^-CO^-CM 255, 151 o cm o — • o oo o co o co in o> cm — • fNOcooooifr«.oco^oorvinfO comococo^ra>oo— »mooco— co" oo" cm" o" r-T m co **r" oo~ o" in" co" r^" 21, 398 11,177 10,221 omo--«(Ooo(Mis(orsooiinNO-05lO'''CMCMm^-tOCNIO*rCNl^-eNIO>iocor~.to oiCMinoocMcorotomoooo^r.— ir-r-^oomcMOO-M-ioo- 05* 05* — " to* O* 05* OO* — * cj" CO* O* 05* — * OO* OO* to* 05* 05* OO* 05* 05* OO* CM 129, 243 corsOinoo^inco^csHOrv^^csj — •a)io^,coo^MOO^,»Hr^o)'- «•— i cooorsin^incopxcNjcocM9>f^f^^ -h" iCoT o" co" oo" m" o" ^r" af rC ^r" o" co" of 11,418 6, 706 4,712 — uooocMOooroto^j-05 — r-~oo05tnr"-u">i — mirofoio •9-000005 — totoooo — OOCSI00005005 — OO—tOCM — 05^r^fir>uoooi~.esicoroo5^rf^T»-oir505»a-Trir) — cm— > — ’ o’ to*05*— T^r* r-.'tr>*CM**i-* to’ — ’ r~»* to* to* cm* r»T cm* r— ' r»T co* *** 05* .(i)NCMCMinnooo«ro>oino50 CM**-CMCMeMir>^-eMCMCM^-CMCMir>CMCO«»COeomcMCOCO 2, 439, 475 cooooa^^fcMcooinco^rcocor^co o^rmcT5co^-«co^inoocMOOOcocM wco«tf-cM^cMOOinr>.iocM^CJ)^o cm" co in" o" cr>" csT in co" oo o" oo" oo" •— «" — ^ a)Qg)oocMOO>H^cM^ocNj^Nin 196, 374 88, 938 107, 436 oocirotooiNto-HTfOuiortino'-'cntoitOmO O OO tO tC5 CM — OO CM O’ tO CD — < O ‘ O OO Cm CD O ( — to oo to — tOCOtO-M-CO — tOOCM05'3,CMlf5 — UO — 05CM05 0500— i «»* CM* r'-* — .* CsT rC to* u-5* to* u->* o' to* cm’ id* to* — * — *oo* o-* — * to* o* to* — CM — — I — . CM — — i — I — i CM —I CM — CO CM CM CM — •— < — i 196,732 4t-io)ina)so^coMcooinos coco««j*ina>cocMCT>ininoc7>^H^j'CM ocMcomcniooorvrfina>^oo^cM co"^r" a>" ^"co"rNT«-T in" ^cm"o aTurTcrTco" 21, 268 10, 881 10, 387 De Kalb . . . Dickson . . . Fentress . . . Grainger . . . Grundy _ Hardeman. ._ . . Hardin . . . __ Hickman . . Humphreys.. _ Jackson . . Jefferson . Johnson _ _ _ . Lake _ _ McNairy.. . . Macon . . . Marshall . . Morgan . . . Overton . . Polk..... . . . Sevier _ _ _ _ Smith . . . Unicoi . Wayne.. . . Group IV _ _ Bledsoe . Cannon . . Cheatham _ Clay _ Decatur . . . Hancock . . . . Houston . . . Lewis. . Meigs _ _ _ . Perry _ _ Pickett _ Sequatchie _ Stewart . . . Trousdale8. . . Union... . . Group V _ Moore . . Van Buren . . . 502828—59 - 5 See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county -unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county: 1955-56— Continued 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total (in thou¬ sands) 4 13 928 coco I CMO i 3,373 — « oo oo co »— 4 co 0(0 00 cm o> CM OO ^ CO ^4 2, 836 oocoininooin^-otnrsin i rsiNcooomrs^icMfHCOCM CM^^-^CM—'COCM^CM—4^ Not al¬ locable for full-time day schools 5 12 2, 604 cd m csjr^» in cm 24, 941 in ir^o> - o . o • r- m i o • m co m i cm ■ ' in • i i i . i i <0 tO IA to iH • ill 1 ii in — 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 • 1 0 ' CO CM • • if** • O 1 if— 4 > CO CM 1 • 1 CM ' CO • > t— 1 > in cm 111 1 it 1 III 1 II Allocable for full-time day schools Total (in thousands) 4 11 926 CO CO CM O LT) 1 3,348 cd —• co in co co cd co cd cd cm cd r^-* oo cm cm •— • eo a CM Oxj-^intnooTffij-oinrv^ rsNCMOOinNfHCMiHCOCM CM *0" xf *”4 CM *—* CO CM •—* CM »■— 4 4 Fixed charges 3 ! 10 21,452 12,516 8, 936 84,106 .cDr^oco in oo i o — « o cm r*» i cocoo in*-T . cT co o 1 CM CM •— 4 103, 341 ococMf— 4in^tr*cMcooinai CMO^OOONtO- 40^(£UC ^•r^^oiD^oom^inoocD ccTco xr co of ^cm r^Too^f— CO •— 1 Other school services All other 3 37, 563 20,618 16, 945 146, 421 cd r — co ^ •— -* o m m OO CM CO oo O CM -ToocmVowV CO CM *— 4 CM 151,922 cocd— 4cocom^-oOf-4coinco rvcooomi — — * co 00 00 cm 00 00 r-*.cooococDinooiox}-cMr^oo crTrCcrf i/fco cm^o co in'orTirf cm xj- co *— 4 Transporta¬ tion •0 24,554 11,343 13,211 00 CM CO CO IT) ^omoino-cf CD CD CO CM CM O OO CO CM OO *— 4 O CD oooooVCo CO • CO f— 4 r— 4 r— 4 118,732 rsfxf*.in(DO)Oino)oorHoo cDcocor^cocDCMOocM*xrcor^ cocoocof— 'incoocDcomco ^ co'incotn rCofcrTootocsTod' Main¬ tenance IA S a 16, 427 18,118 110, 065 Mr^NCMCMON co — 4 cm co cd o ^^■ lO o oo oo o r<- o co ^ 2 ^£2 81,988 *tO)N M-OOCOCOCMt^OrH 00 0 co 1 00 m co f-4 cm cm cd cd r>*. in « cm co co f— 4 co co in 0 inincvT •cf^rcDcD't 00 r-T r-T Operation CO 65, 553 40, 052 25, 501 CM 00 IA CM 74, 076 18, 733 55, 097 75, 593 24, 377 16, 000 11,606 250, 914 COCMON^tCOCO^OO^ttn -4^tr^C7)0*tr^ooor)r^m^- roorvoocorHcoom^o^- cd of co 00 co 0* rC rC r*TcM 0 Instruction Total 693, 365 397, 058 296, 307 2, 334, 629 604, 554 211,741 327, 080 579, 894 316, 646 165, 800 128,914 1, 912, 284 194, 723 331,863 249, 737 79, 248 145, 040 107, 591 235, 454 143, 052 77,220 156, 692 107, 846 83,818 Other expenses 1 28, 017 13, 656 14, 361 143, 310 CM CM 1^ 00 O CD rsOrs^Troo) CO CD *— 4 CM OO O CD r^T «-Tof cm 00 crT m *— 4 co — 4 102, 573 N^-tfNinNiHCONCOOin OTtcDOoocMr^r^cO'tcocn •HrsNOM^CJJOCOrsMO) xa^LfTcTccr co co Salaries of instructional staff to 665, 348 383, 402 281, 946 2,191, 319 546, 882 199, 839 317,903 547,677 308, 303 148, 800 121,915 1, 809,711 coa>co^in*tcoc7>coocopo ^^^•M-incooor^inM-oocM CO^a>CMf^^tM-<7>00C7)M-00 0 co 00 co 00 — Tf-TcrT coin 00 ooocorscoocMcorvttON *— 4 CO CM r”"4 *—4 CM f""4 4 —• Admin¬ istration CM 48, 539 25,013 23, 526 240, 456 ^■Oph^oOOO) ^N^rvinOCM OO CM CO CO CM 0 xr ^4 in oocrTin cf 198,321 OOCO^CDIDNCMCMONCM CNCM(O^HCor^coo)^j-mM-r^ ooinin 00 2,459 5, 099 oocmoocmcd CT> OO LO to cm cm cd r^. 3, 584 slllslss 5 0> r ih 5 CO OO CD CM CO CM O CM CO CM CO o ) 00 CO CO OO CM CD CM CO r—i S [ 30,297 | 8 :s“iSs is in jO jcvT - — 135,889 321,147 78,978 90,384 42, 794 57,875 51,116 251,612 50,068 31,435 46,218 43, 844 19,332 20,908 3Q RD7 ills I S 19,688 19,973 11,306 56,647 2,948 18, 178 11,452 8,068 8,259 7,742 42,043 1 Sss3l Isis cooou? in j M--00* 108,709 1 i 57,702 64,939 41,526 44,255 47, 580 120,723 ISSISss ss^'s's' as 34, 040 8,274 13,075 12,691 1 8 2,500 4,603 7,260 8,133 6, 578 7,912 66,296 | 106,574 § i 79,990 58,099 31,965 46,297 80,575 S i 66,714 20,672 18,470 49,613 10,225 16, 156 21.70? 46, 393 12,709 15,655 18,029 I rf 7, 585 9, 566 3,387 15,933 10,596 14,233 22,015 1 lilllslss dTcfirf -.“cm cm in 121,007 217,441 48,570 65,240 29, 702 46,452 27,477 8 3 rH 26,982 8,337 12,872 63,801 6,392 10, 557 15.324 i s Ms 9,085 15,960 1,309 i £ 400 9,669 4,688 7,099 1,715 1,249 I s I in So wVTcoVCo? 189,280 i § 137,656 92,268 50,809 75, 149 74,082 281,765 43,481 34,855 53, 148 43,934 20, 155 30,612 55. 580 r s' 28,258 24,235 14,324 82,265 6,969 21,357 17,022 10,857 13,060 13,000 s s' 85,378 128,354 63,495 11,416 77,261 9,772 39,618 52,423 80, 125 1,721,409 3,381,621 827,150 882, 349 523, 046 663, 174 485,902 2, 397, 331 382,298 280,697 464,477 384,315 198, 722 227,176 459.646 536, 753 190,641 222, 179 123,933 616,410 27,040 205,366 104,297 89,499 85, 528 104,680 1 sSIliilsI t-T in -3-“ ^ cm in 117,420 228,142 Isils sfsfsWtf 173, 227 30,968 16,705 39,113 30,283 7, 896 14, 932 33.330 41, 458 8,729 23, 739 8,990 45,825 2,840 24,386 5,285 6,150 3, 520 3,644 S t 77,708 123, 164 59,000 11,028 75, 761 9, 533 38,718 50, 186 75, 100 1,603,989 Is 3 M 776,470 823, 105 489,414 617,089 447,401 2,224,104 351,330 263,992 425,364 354,032 190,826 212,244 426.316 495, 295 181,912 198,440 114,943 570,585 24,200 180,980 99,012 83,349 82,008 101,036 s s' lalllsllll ^oVoo^inooro 50,022 125,540 34,061 28,957 17,764 21,891 22,867 Is \i 25,862 15,320 20,464 18,787 12,149 15,609 20,397 41,387 14,649 12,722 14,016 § s 5,600 15, 503 11,098 4,165 7, 565 6,532 Borden. . . . Culberson . . Glasscock . . Kenedy e _ Kent 9 _ _ Loving 6 - - Real.... _ _ Roberts . . Sterling - UTAH DaviS^f.” . Group III . Box Elder . . . Carbon _ Sevier . . Tooele . . . Unitah . Duchesne - - Emery . . . Iron - - Millard. - - - San Juan - - - Wasatch _ Washington - - Beaver . Garfield . . . Morgan . . Group VI.. . Daggett _ Grand . . . Kane _ _ _ Piute . . . Rich _ Wayne _ _ _ 502828—59 - 6 at end of table. Table 4.-- Current expenditure data for county-unit school systems , by State , population group, and individual county: 1 955-56 — Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 60 § S 950 901 870 462 155 005 196 755 186 965 587 040 188 992 269 944 900 999 021 061 057 614 301 843 944 Total (in thou sands) a N S •— T»-h *-T csTr^*— ^crT *— T •— T csTcnT • -2 g - 3 8 E isss ilSS 11 ill ill i il Ilia is ra © E m CO o T3 JS W O CO a S? 1 if? l-?o ! r-TcsT oV !oV !rC«j“ ! IcrT " r ! aT r i r srf2‘s jsf § a IsISiSgss slllslaslll illasa O 3 1— o x: a r-T 5 cjr«r«cour -r 3 3 -slsssas IlISlIslsSS asSIsl IS, u-« o s | i s'ss'sa I 6 SSsgggSS ggagggSISSS S3S8SS o "o < o g a s‘"s“^ssssa" s*a8"RfevssifssV s‘s"sssfss' 1 g 8 alSIslil ilsSlasiSSa llllll ! 1 2 = S 2. c — CO 1 - 00 S 8 » sassgsjsg sssssaasssg SS'8'S'Sg £ G> • o oo CO s siSs-lls SllslISSils 9SSS83 •o i 3 C c Ig 1 8 rf sa'ssss'ss'a sssssassssass ssasss s c o 3 E ssssss i *2 Q. o a -T pJirTrt cvT «m*Vh ~ -T c o V) e 3 slillS o =3 to c £ 2 O Q. <13 * I 8 ss&s a?a a sssT £§§ ; s gi^s? sssssf ssssfcfs H- to o C eSooto-?** jcdrC j ! ! |«o j ! CD 3,165 o oo cd cnj cn — 4 cd iDcn o o «r co rv oo ld cnj cnj nr CNJ cnj CO CNJ CO CNJ ID CNJ CNJ 275 117 158 Fixed charges 3 10 Cn ID CD LD CD cn r— t cd o nr OOf^rHhvO ofooco o of 45, 478 oo — i oo ^ oo cn oo nrcoco cn cd cd cnj nr r-H r^r^nr cd cd nr cnj cn cn idoh nr"co idcococnT cnTidco 3,397 2, 400 997 Other school services All other 3 cn 17, 301 13, 073 5, 240 22, 180 11,197 CO ! OJ 00 00 o cd o oo nr id cn cn ld oo cn co cnj cnj — i r-» cn ld r^coococDcoo) nr nr oo oo to oo of of nr"c£Tr-T 9, 348 2, 254 7, 094 Transporta¬ tion 00 70,411 64,241 49, 096 103, 842 47, 504 379, 377 id cn id cnj r^. oo co oor^-co nr r-4 o r^. r- cnj co cnoo-i LD CO CO OO CD O ID O CD CO id" O) CO CD CD • cnj cn oo cn oo oo csi cd a> o" oo id* ecT id" nT OO CVI ID CD 215, 676 28, 806 18, 841 16, 837 27, 523 21,764 19, 348 12,257 49, 437 9, 600 11,263 12, 569 5,919 6, 650 Instruction Total nT CD nT ID CO cn cnicni ooo cncooo oo oo oo" rCi cnj" cni" nr" ID COCO ID CD ID CO CO CD ^3- 2, 242, 977 IDCDCOOINLDCD cn ID CNJ co cnj cd cn co o cn cn cnj cn oo co co cnj o cnj id nr cni r-rnr^r^TorTcD o rC r-TofiD oo cd ld r- o nr cn o ld id CNI — « CNJ CNJ CNJ *-H nTr-lr-l 194, 068 81,919 112, 149 Other expenses 1 nr 30, 853 11,696 9,771 47, 486 19, 971 114, 470 co cd cn r—i nr cn nr cnj nr oo owcDcnrNiDO oo cni r-. i rHlDlDDrHfNCO CO nT OO COOCNj" 3, 863 1,193 2, 670 Salaries of instructional staff eo i-H oco cn c\j nr co id CT>COOOCMCOCOn*-Oin CMCDOJ'q-fHCDOCVJCOtnfH r^r^oocouo^cor^r^CTiO} if: <0 CM CD fO 93, 888 268, 577 2 CM CO C4 lino 1 iCMNtDOCMPO OO 1 — CD i^tOOrHCO OO LO i i-H»JCCOr^OO i CM O CD CD 1 OO CT> < i cn r-» i to co cm o oo oo > — •i^^-cm — * — * cd oo co i — T i i cm" cd" uf oo" cm" lOt-ToToo • cm" oo" oo cd" of 1 1 1 LO •— « ** i — « i i — T i irfcrfcsT ' uf • i iii i CO i » iii iii CM CM 12, 541 3,713 8, 828 44, 051 OOtDCMO^'tJ-lD-^OO^- 'r^CO^CMf^mOr^lDO co co — ioccococor^Lor^cMCor^toocMcoLO— - oroooicotONtomcor-irsOCMOCMCoinr-iiDiDrN — — T cm" — — f cm" cm" co" cm" — T cm" cm" cm" — cm" — co" — *-hCm\-h" 15, 827 Motcoiooooirtmoioin c'jiooi'jfOinotMOiin'-i r^r-~cototn«3-tor'.«5CT>0} 2, 228 135, 319 46, 683 88, 636 664, 569 11,985 20, 469 26, 489 31,076 15,773 24, 844 43, 961 50, 567 44, 501 54, 281 13, 898 35, 977 31,856 39,016 9, 042 37, 421 23, 937 54, 954 13,450 10,239 42,118 28,715 243, 536 r^cocor^^3-co^rcMco— *cr> CMcocomr^cM'-'coinoN ^rcoio^rr^o— ‘cmoocmo uf cm" co" co" -<3-" uf uf rf oo" o" rC CO CM — • 1,987 254, 215 126, 756 127,459 1, 176, 651 COCMCDCMLDOOCDOOCD'cJ'— '^-CD^-CDCOr^Lnta-CMOr^ CD O CD CD OO C> f^ CO O O O CO OO CO •— i CM — « O 0*5 OO CD CMOOTOCnoOCOinCMCDOlM-rt^COOOOi^CMMOOM-Cn co" o" of cm" o" oo" of — co" of co" — T co" — oo" o" — of cm" uf co" coco— «cmco— imcoo^coco^incM^oor^^j^CDco 607, 605 COOO— 'lOCDUO— i— 'LT>CDO cMO)M^-o^fo^tcn^fO coooomooooooio co" of co" uf t-T o" co" co" o" cm" CO *3" — * CM CM CM CM CM — ' CM ^3* 35, 334 487, 589 115, 394 372, 195 2, 663, 409 CMLO— •CMOiOOCOOOO>OOCO^fO>»— lONtDinCDtDO COCM^-LOO— 1 — OO O* CO — lOOOOOlCOtDCSICMinrvO ^■CMOMDOlOl'HOiHr-iCOIDrN'f OlOintDOON uf— Too cm" cm" of cf oo" — co" «5c" of uf to* of uf co" of cd" <"of cvf lo— oocor^ooocooor^ocococo IDCMOOOLO^inOOOtOO^tOO^O- ICO— < CD O CO CO — • CO ^ — « O CO CM CO 1 — TOTfr^^-OCMOlOCT) of r-f cm" r-f oo"^j-" of uf co" cm" ufuf »— «" of of co" — T uf o" r-.ogcMCO|r>J2^iScMt2,::!"^22^5’S22coa>^2 731, 873 OONCOCMCMOOOONO coooocococor^co^3-cD tnOCOCMCMr^CMOOCMUOCO ofcocM"of*drufuf^r" o" uf co" OOtnCMCM— <^CM*3-OOCO— « 26, 558 1, 384, 996 427, 108 957, 888 1 CO a a cDr^occoo>coooo>mcocD— ‘OJ^a-cMOor^cocooocooo cDOinin^in^tcooocMO^^fnncoco^inoocM cvio.Lncocsjoooio.^o^oooiioococMtDoorv^-in CD uf CM — ‘ uf OO CO CM CO UO CO CO • O) CD CM O O CM CD ojoococo— 'COcoo^r^i-cMOoo^-co— •— <— 'CDcm^tco — • CM — • — * CM CM CO CM — « CM — * CM CO — « CO — • CM — « 1, 198, 327 36, 320 52, 737 27, 133 45, 801 41,639 32, 594 39, 366 50, 897 50, 990 69, 709 81,021 CO CM oo" 9, 532, 036 2, 766, 667 6, 765, 369 31, 768,457 762, 103 884, 208 717,397 2, 202,131 995, 376 1,123, 862 2, 097, 885 1,936, 908 2, 530, 856 1, 707, 949 781,216 2, 040, 557 1,443, 980 1,624,641 742, 730 1,488, 445 936, 583 2,694,654 891, 757 1,081,719 1,871,581 1,211,919 11, 004, 472 ^OCOCOP^OCOMCOCMO) COCDOLOCD— ‘^CDOOCD^J- CMCMCM^tOCOCMCOCOCOO uf o" oo" co" rf co" uf co" of r-f oo" CMCMCOCMCOO— «CMr^COUO tr5ir>cM^3-coco'<3-ir)^rcoco 8, 505 354,945 100, 725 254, 220 1, 201, 898 oocMP^coocoo>co^tcoooo>ir>coo>r^oococM^*o>o oooo^^tTOrHCMr^^-cocoi^ooooin^t^cocorsino r^cocMKfr^r^»*a-o*3*r^oococoooo>CM—*om'c3-co*3- cd" rf oc" *— T uf rfofco"ofi^fr^f— f o" cm" ^j-"oo" o" cf uf co" cm" ^■cmcm*— •cMcooo^m^-coincoc»CMOcoiMCMCoiMf^ 363, 951 r-HcncococMCOoocoM'tin — < — 'cooocou^orvrsfocn COOOOCOOCOOO^CiOOO co"^" co" co" oo" rf cm" of o" ofo" 139, 623 9, 177, 091 2, 665, 942 6,511, 149 30, 566, 559 715,315 856, 516 689, 100 2, 090, 688 969, 646 1,059,146 2,010, 456 1, 887, 832 2,477,412 1, 658, 186 743, 348 1,982,878 1,412,095 1,544,258 719,771 1, 384, 198 898, 465 2, 624, 588 862, 175 1,046,245 1,794, 722 1,139,519 10, 635, 521 511,920 505, 341 264, 340 413, 075 329, 565 299, 266 402, 438 504, 189 458,411 648, 658 627, 154 8,183 283, 471 82, 806 200, 665 1, 145, 247 oo^oococnooo^cno^H^orsOinooNtnirjNN CMOO^tDcoinrvNOOincoeOfHLnrNtDrscMOmo o o> ^ r^. o co cm cm o co in — < co — « o> — « o oo of of co" co" *3-" co"**3*" co" cm" co" cm" of *3-" o" oo" uf cm" co" of oo" cm co co oo co co *«a* co co co i^ co to oo co co oo oo ^ m f 579, 066 23,713 23. 438 14, 761 21,867 20, 271 26. 438 21,227 14, 461 26, 049 33, 651 33, 757 5 03 CO O = 5 03 TO -O C TO TO o^: |c 0.2 1*2 S S S' « » « ®~ o ^ 2 Si 75 ii&gg ,oxx_j2SSSSSzoq.ccC£:55S E E £ S' s-5.2 _ E >> o o O >, ■S >>E _ TO TO — _ TO TO QCOOOIX , = O ^§2.2 3= 5 See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. — Current expenditure data for county -unit school systems , by State , population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Continued 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 O Q> - P < o.z: >r: _ c 2 S -c c ^ <1> O CL 3 '-g ^ Js 2 *5 rxrH^ojooocooocvj^-rHoor^ C0C.0CT>CT>00^»-HOCVJC0L0r^t0 OOiO^-OOlOa)pN^»tOOO CO CD OO -h in co N-tfOWOOOCOCVjCNO^OON cococncoconj-^oocvjcoin^co OO IX) OO to ID I — m^-^JT^.LDOO Si S : SSSQ‘Sf5f S ! aSSfl a 5 SSSSSSSSBiBSsS 8S“ S^SSVSiif: 85 S£S illsssl-sisssi gsssiSSsEgsss 8 88 i ESS S3 88; S SfS SsiggiSssSsSSs s¥§'H¥sls¥al¥ Islsasiiisisis of ltT ocfoto J-T to cX r-T-H'ofrt' 'jff sSsagSSslslSs SSSillslSsISl silillslsSSU sss'ass'sasssG'a o> co cnj r-* oo cn m cocococSc IlSisSi ltT ■>3r ■<3r’ ocf irf tcf i-T is-ISs ooWtoco-T oooftvfrCcnW IsSElsl *— * to oo oo to o ~SS§sls ISsisss ufctf^roooTO-r il ; i iliJi! 1 III SSSslSsll § LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 65 Table 5. — Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in county-unit school systems , by major account , State. population group, and individual county: 1955-56 66 BIENNIAL STJBVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total expend¬ itures per pupil a $168. 20 172. 88 159. 75 3 i 161.31 177. 79 174. 74 171.30 154. 07 163. 61 177. 34 152. 35 170. 55 166. 98 154. 54 180. 00 177.45 SSsSElssSSSli 1 Percent of total a 1.1 win -io 1.3 r^-03csjo^*co*-Hiocsjo^Hr^ HQiHHHiHHHrHfHCsid ,3 COOrHO>»-HCSlPOOCO^tCS| ■g £ Expend¬ iture 3 $1. 93 2. 58 .76 2.16 ococdo)'cocsja)odc6oodco 3,3 0*-h IT) csicsi 2.0 OCDSOIOOhOhOCOh csi f— -I I—J •— I O LO V— i »-H csi csi r— i CO H co«-*ocor^CT>ooocsjcoLo csi co «— < o •—* o csi o Csi r— i »— i 1 I Expend¬ iture 03 3 3 4. 97 4. 03 ,32 CO CM CM CO ■ OO »-4 >-4 CO «5 CO i-i ,2. SSSSSkESSSS 'cOr-icOi-i^COCM Operation of the physical plant Percent of total 5.2 COLO LOrf ooCT>coa>csjcoLno)—n^mco Instruction Percent of total in 82.8 82.2 84.0 79.5 coo^-cooooor^csjcsjr^^HCsj | 78.6 cNO)r^rHcsjor^(oc770cn Expend¬ iture $139. 24 142. 04 134. 19 131. 73 123. 57 145. 59 138. 77 135. 80 132. 19 122. 44 146. 62 122. 17 136. 72 126.33 125. 29 138. 93 L 139-54I 133. 60 130. 71 157.45 132. 96 136. 93 143. 28 129. 30 145.31 146. 92 148. 11 126. 63 Administration Percent of total CD 1.8 oo ,5 (DoocDcoo^cD^-r^ointo 2.! coooLnor^omcoom csi csi co csi csi csi co «-m csi csi csj Expend¬ iture M $2.97 3. 00 2.92 2.53 CM CO CM CM «— 4 CM CM CM CM CO CM CM 3.81 «3:couo'Ccoioir>CM'M:co«d: State, population group, and county vH ALABAMA Group 1 (Average) . . Mobile . . . . Montgomery . . . Group II (Average) - Baldwin... . Butler.. _ _ Chilton.... . Clarke _ _ _ Geneva . . Lawrence... _ _ Macon.. _ _ Marshall . . . Monroe _ _ _ St. Clair _ Shelby.... . . . Tallapoosa . Autauga.. . . Bibb _ Bullock _ _ _ Cherokee _ _ _ Choctaw _ j&s Conecuh . . Coosa _ Crenshaw _ _ _ _ Fayette . . . . . LOCAL SCHOOL systems: county units 67 191.16 164. 89 162. 29 200. 95 179. 54 168. 69 174. 97 175. 09 189. 72 167. 60 170. 05 19 '6W 428. 11 a i 810. 59 687. 29 265. 04 293. 21 308. 61 440.19 334. 47 487. 07 243.19 283. 35 212. 57 211.68 234. 25 223. 34 239. 85 247.81 234. 62 tO O t— • CM OO ^ iKfCMCMCM ‘r-1 *csi OO “ 2.9 2.5 in oo csi 6.3 5.2 6.5 CM O') CO in co 2.4 forNioo)^mo»n oo *— I*—* csi csi csi csj 1.14 1.65 1.83 2. 34 8. 60 2. 43 1.90 .74 2.21 .37 3. 78 OO 12. 49 17. 09 28. 59 16. 20 16. 58 15. 12 19. 97 18. 37 19. 78 17.75 5. 91 oi co cr> ^ to tri iri inina>*3*ooincooooor^o COCsi^^CM^CO^CM^CO 0.3 0.3 1.1 2.6 1.0 «5 OO o 0.3 e o I 1.5 cr>^M-oo-iooo)in o »-4 o csi *-«' .-I in 6.75 4.15 3. 09 8. 89 4. 18 2. 59 6. 24 2. 20 5. 37 2. 77 5. 05 1.55 1.36 3 21.05 6. 60 16. 98 2.38 1.04 s 8 3. 76 2.53 2.36 2.88 1.78 4.66 4. 32 4.61 12. 84 CNJOCOi— iLOCOr^OOLO^-CO to 18.1 14.5 10.2 14.9 2.9 7.5 9.2 1.9 3.9 1.3 2.1 o^rcorocM^^oo *-4 CM CO CM CO CM CM CO 21.42 13. 08 16.68 28. 37 13. 54 17. 30 16.89 11.10 25. 57 14. 05 24. 38 30. 55 77. 65 100. 95 82.51 102. 38 7. 66 21.86 28. 43 8.23 12. 95 6. 14 5.15 ESSSSESSS csi irt i< in in oo MOOOOairHOlOtDMffl esi^^cJooir-IeNitncoo 3.9 4.0 00 H 2.8 1.7 5.2 2.0 23. 5 1.6 30.1 ^ID^-CMOOOCSJ in co* co in co* co* csi 17.65 16. 97 8 4 22. 38 11.52 13. 87 13. 67 6. 16 103.34 5. 47 146. 75 10.03 sessssss ^ r< i< oi ^ oi I'-’ iri to O 00 OO r—* *— < OO O') Ci CM CO csj 00 CNJ »-h CO Csj csi CM CNJ csi v—i 12.1 8.9 10. 6 11.5 10.5 10.3 7.8 5.0 9.3 15.4 7.4 Z'L c£>CM^-^-o^-^Hin r>i to r*! oo* oo* in ssssesessss 54. 60 38. 23 74.01 93. 54 72. 50 27.26 22. 74 15.31 8 4 51.47 36. 07 17. 56 21.49 13. 17 15. 65 17. 45 15. 63 20.21 19. 95 12.92 moocnQ^oo^ocmoo) 0 69 62.6 00 4 57.1 64.4 CM £ 70.6 72.3 51.5 59.1 49.2 6*08 cvirsooomooooo 150. 04 136. 56 131.24 148. 50 142. 53 134. 60 140. 74 147. 02 140. 89 138. 20 129. 14 310. 33 268. 02 § i 463. 13 442. 59 175. 34 107. 07 223. 16 s t 197.66 239. 83 196. 77 227. 29 177.99 170. 99 191.75 177.54 189. 34 202. 66 184. 86 forvocooM^inr^cooo^- — <* csi csi r-i csi -h* csi ^ ,-1 csi 6.0 OO 5.8 12.3 5.2 2.8 3.5 r-* 9.7 14.0 8.3 1.7 o)cooompH^(Y)oo 2. 50 2. 75 3. 32 4. 65 3. 47 4. 62 2. 57 4.64 3. 43 3.10 4. 00 26. 79 13.37 40. 08 99. 38 35. 50 7. 36 10. 38 E s 4 46. 94 40. 53 S Tf SS88SS22 ui csi co co csi irj co Greene _ _ _ _ Hale.. . . Henry . . Lamar . . Lowndes... . . . . Perry - - - - Pickens . . Sumter. . . Washington . . Wilcox . Winston . . . CALIFORNIA Plumas. ..P_... . . Group IV Mariposa . W* Group VI (Average). . Alpine 3 . Sierra . COLORADO Jefferson -P-_- _ _ _ Group III Delta . . ArchSetaU.P.V. . . . Group VI (Average) - Mineral . . . . San Juan.... . . FLORIDA Group 1 (Average) . Dade . Duval . Escambia » . . Hillsborough . Orange _ _ _ Palm Beach 1 . . Pinellas * . . . Polk . 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 69 s s' 272. 50 255. 45 301.28 255. 41 238. 92 261. 73 230. 40 259. 80 263. 69 237. 72 288. 24 268. 70 317. 75 319. 38 344. 55 332. 29 281.10 323. 12 349. 80 361.97 261.86 365. 94 168.92 167.81 159. 54 165. 84 186. 00 coooinotointoo)csjco CSJ *— • CNJ C*4 »H IH rH cvi rH inin-HCsjoor^.-HCooocoincsjco CSJ f— 4 CNJ •— 4 *—4 CNJ *"H CO *"H C\J CNJ *— 4 »! tD^o)cnr>s^tn ^cncsj^^csicsi 2.5 in co 0)00) sj- CSI^COCV) loninVmm'm^u'icvi 5.07 6.94 3.78 6.31 3.17 4. 24 4. 43 4. 74 3. 44 9. 93 3.91 7. 26 5. 93 4. 16 8. 69 222SS323S id o oo id id oo id 9. 20 5.99 4. 80 6. 35 6. 44 6. 35 C7>^fOOtO o o oo 7.4 oinoco^^N^coNOtHro ootdodin^in^oinr^tdr^^-j 9.° COlOSfin^ttDO f^or^dfdr^id 9.5 3.0 odcdcvicd 12. 66 12.38 11.28 7.54 17. 48 16.75 21.48 23. 83 26.33 19.40 19.34 24. 32 16. 58 24. 05 13. 42 10. 60 14. 06 10. 92 26.31 14. 08 17.12 17.42 46. 00 35. 89 28.89 25.31 35. 32 20. 88 33.81 46. 96 27. 50 15. 69 34.83 5. 08 id id id ooocncncDr-Hinoooooo ^^^CO^CO^r-Jcsio « e-Hr^mc-H^O)cocsjCT)or^csjtD 2.s CSJ CO oo *-• o ^cd^~©csicsi 2.6 h- st id id id cd SSSSSSSSSS cd oo oo o oo cd id to *3-’ in cd ^ co . inm^-csjcsiin*3-oo*- co id od id o cd 18.74 18. 08 18.07 16. 97 16. 89 21.52 24. 36 16.61 32. 05 2.42 2.31 2. 22 2. 58 2. 62 Pasco _ _ Putnam _ St. Johns _ St. Lucie _ _ _ Santa Rosa _ Sumter . . . Suwannee _ _ _ Taylor . . . Walton _ Washington _ Group IV (Average) . Baker _ Calhoun _ Citrus _ Collier _ _ _ De Soto _ Franklin _ _ Gulf . . . . Hamilton _ Hendry . . . Hernando _ Martin _ _ _ Union _ _ Wakulla. _ _ Group V (Average). . . Charlotte _ _ _ _ Dixie . . . . . Flagler _ _ Gilchrist _ _ _ Lafayette _ Liberty.... . . . Okeechobee _ Group VI Glades . GEORGIA Group 1 (Average) . Bibb _ Chatham _ _ _ _ _ Muscogee _ _ _ Richmond . . Table 5. — Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in county-unit school systems , by major account , State, population group , and individual county: 1955-56 — Continued 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total expend¬ itures per pupil S 164. 95 152. 62 176. 05 149. 54 185. 36 166. 17 175. 88 Fixed charges 2 Percent of total a Ol O C£> CSJ (O r-H* co csi co cvi fO *4 ^■tDoo^^cMor^ixo'torx^-in^rNCNjo^otto^ Expend¬ iture s 4.45 esitri coin-.* 2.35 ocvicoevievjirir^cNcsi^-togcoojocgcJesj^cococsievioj Other school services All other » Percent of total a CM* CO CM CO tD «—4 CO O O CO 00 coooootocoinv-HOOin^i**-4r^o^oooocsja)co o co cnj co co cvi co csj co co cnj ^ ^ r-H* cvi csi co c4 *-I c\i co* c\i Expend¬ iture a 3.96 1.99 10. 97 1.13 1.09 5. 84 *•» •-coir. Transportation Percent of total a o m cooooo^t- cbcvi^coin _ llTr N»i-M«oinMnmN(D-H(*)ooooN-<o>odir50o2v«t2irj*-H'ooo'^j'-j'-jco Expend¬ iture s s w 0)Min«5 0> 20.89 sjasjs^sa^sssa^sssS^cjgjjssjs'sds Maintenance of the physical plant Percent of total a o f* to ^mm cvi cnj co co csi <7> ci irjcsioo'S-o^rcMir>i^.r~mtr5-irjo*j-ooco Expend¬ iture 00 4. 99 3. 96 4. 70 5. 06 6.46 4. 23 5.03 S22g££~S33S322SS32S2S§2 c£5oSincNjcocvi»-HCsj'^:«--I^j:r^coco*-HCsjc£)tDKr^J:csio6 r-H CNJ Operation of the physical plant Percent of total ISi <0 co co in oo co in csioooCTicococr>*3-t'-ooLnO'--r'-csjcr>r~-'— r^Lo'r>:*d:«5ir>o>«5'«a:^co'si:r«.’ir)c\ii-'.‘edio^i:««i:cooi Expend¬ iture <0 19. 38 5. 95 11.51 8. 38 14. 80 10. 66 - ,«j 12. 57 10. 06 13. 42 8.94 8.51 8. 77 13. 67 10. 28 7. 56 3. 23 6. 47 8. 09 10. 67 11.88 4.48 14. 45 14. 39 9. 16 6. 47 5.28 7. 37 7.21 18. 02 Percent of total in 79.5 82.8 77.1 82.0 78.9 76.9 73.6 ^Mtooo-HOKomsoomoiem(D-H(DO>»tfl'ONH(\irHcsime«iNnNNmMNmNm Expend¬ iture N 3. 57 2. 55 4. 27 2. 50 4. 64 4.17 3.79 or5c*»ooc,j«'>i~4coevi<»ic'>ico«>('0*riri«d:eo*rfroeoiri^:to State, population group, and county vH GEORGIA— Continued Group II (Average) - Baldwin _ _ __ Clarke . . . Dougherty _ _ Glynn.. .. . . . Spalding _ _ _ Group III (Average) _ Appling - Berrien _ _ _ Bulloch . . . . . Burke _ _ _ Catoosa _ _ _ _ Clayton . . . Coffee... . . Cook _ Decatur . . . . Ltv.v;.;:::::::::::::::::::: Douglas . . Early.. _ _ _ _ Elbert . . . . Emanuel _ _ _ _ Fannin _ _ _ Forsyth . . Franklin . . . . Grady _ _ _ Greene _ Hancock.... . . Harris _ _ _ LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS : COUNTY UNITS 71 i 202. 02 173. 02 .. 214.75 219.67 194. 45 193. 00 169. 72 184. 89 174.51 223. 72 185. 37 194. 52 185. 39 224. 01 137. 09 193. 86 182. 72 192. 30 182. 24 r^ir>^-tDcocsir^ioCT)^co^foor^.co*— •oocvjr^oocor-Hcocvicsj^fO^^i-^ CSI O 1 CD — « 05 Lf> OO 05 CD sf a: O 05 cvi -H | O : *—i .—I ■— i ■— i *— i i— 1 1— I csi *— i cvi O •— i i— i f—i sssssssssssssssssssssssssssss ^ ^ CVj* ^ CNl’ CM CM CM ^ CM CM CM OO CM cW CNJ* CM* «-• *-»’ CM* CO* CM* 'sf CM* CM* *-«* CNJ CM* 1 L . 2*52 csi ~ j *— <* csi co co csi csi co co co sr sr cvi •-< cvi cvi • tootDorvoo^NOO^-tDoocowr^'HcsKOfoco^iooinoio^cvj co SSKS?S-«£S8SS2S8S£8S;£3£?3SS;£E;8S iri iri "ir co iri oo «a- oo o •*r‘ iri -i cvi ■-<' co »— < cm* o »— < p-* oo cm ^ *— « oo oo o co oo ^ o •— « *— i o" t— «r-.cDooinocomr^cj>inLncT>cM^J*oom-ct— « 2 2 i2 22 2* 2* 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 12 12 12 13. 38 28. 05 12. 98 31.65 17.59 27.51 17. 07 23. 63 33.61 19. 99 24. 14 19. 10 24. 95 17.71 29. 68 14.46 21.50 29. 63 21.31 25. 85 26.27 17. 27 10. 82 24. 93 29. 09 17.90 25. 13 21.08 17.91 wwcow(D»HCOOf^co^i^NioaiO'toinMtDCO^oors^rHrt^. CNJ o CO •— « (H •— I »“H U*> O CVI CO «-~-«a>r^ioininoo— iniridd^cofo^csicoNcoio^^^ioiD*^ ir> co cvi cvi cvi oo — < ^ co to — < to o cvi csi csi cvi lt> iri iri u-> ^a-’ Lfj i< 5.76 g£S£::SS85SSSS3g£SSg |-h oo r-i ' oo i^.' ld o »r oci co r~-' o co csi oo' o r-~' ^■cooiniocMP^mcMCMOOCoinoo— 'OcMr^^Hin*a-oo^*a-cor^inr^r^ in rC —I co in* in r^T co* ^ cd in in ^ cnj* in in co* in r*.* co* co* co in co co* L « CDcninoo^-in^ocMCTi^'CncMtocM— «p^p^— • tnin^<6c*t6&^cnt6^incr>* o co' oi eg co‘ -h cd' co’ 11.96 10. 16 9. 68 14. 93 4.71 12. 50 10. 36 7. 39 5. 55 15. 49 8. 10 11.43 5. 93 10.25 8. 54 7.99 8. 54 14.77 9. 26 o^r^a^^inCTiO^fto^HOcsi^coi-tinr^tnKt^MnocNir^CNj^-^-^r^ . 70-7 1 U5WOSOOCO^OOincOrt(35rsO> in LO CM OO ^£) i-H OO CO CNJ CO CO CO O CO CO UD OO OO OO CNJ CM Cvi Cvi ■“* CNJ CNJ CM CNJ CNJ *—< CM CO •—! CNJ CM CNJ »-"* *— < CM CM CNJ CM < *— * CNJ CM *—« ooin'-trtfHtD«>cmnootorscsjrsrs^csjooooco^O)N'd' *— « «— « *—J »— I O CM *-» •— < *-h *— « »— « cvj *— « •— I o *— I o o *— I »— * csi *— I *— ! »— I o O O »-h *—I o o *— J Expend¬ iture 3 ^cvj^cg^e^^M^oicsieJ^cJco-Jco •^cn<*> ^V4egcv»c4-4co Other school services All other i Percent of total 3 cD^-tocsioocsicDf-HC\jr^oc\jcMcr)0»-HCDoooo?-H^-ir^uoLr>ooroLOr-«cDCDmcT>oo cncM^cMCNi»^cocNjcoococNjCM«-JcdcMc>icococoir>«-5j»-5f-;cNi«-HOcocsi Expend¬ iture a Transportation Percent of total 3 cMoo^-^^cMOooo^^j'CM^cM^fin^cvjcDin'cj-csicxDoocor^^cMa^oooooooo 222^2^2222222222332233^22152225222 Expend¬ iture 3 2S2£ES££5S?£8gSgSSi8;?S3S2;SSSS!S$ggEsS? It Percent of total o oi^csii-icotcirHcricvicocsivt^t-tooirocviocjeNioevicvjcoo^oiMCOo-i^o 1 I Expend¬ iture 00 S22SSS33S£SSSg82a3gg22;?££S3282gg8 iricNi^cWLrJcvicri^^io^oicooo'^oouSvri ~ ^ ■*= «o « cr> «r csi «j csi « 51 Percent of total r* — io>r^i^oo«-*cor^o>incs4co©m*a-ina>inoocoincNj*5rcMoo*a-.-ioo«-*«err^coo> oo co o uo ^ cd ir> o oo csi Kf (£> in csj o ^ a> in ^0* co kt tr> in r>T oo co c£> oo co 1 Expend¬ iture CD 18. 26 3.75 8. 49 10. 45 13.30 20. 49 10. 67 7. 80 11.07 10.11 7. 19 21.90 15. 90 5. 00 8.82 12. 89 10.75 4.91 1.35 8.04 18.69 7.85 7.91 6.11 9.77 10. 53 10. 26 14.93 17.27 6.89 16. 10 15.48 8. 27 I Percent of total IA ^cnro^tcMO*-— «cMr-icMcocoooino CO CO CNJ CNJ CO ^ CO CVJ CO CO CO CO —J csi CO CO 04 CN4 Csi csi CNJ ^ CO co CO CNJ CO CM c4 csi csi CsicO* Expend¬ iture CM £g££S2S3SS£2S328£S$SS£gSo2g2£!SgS3S i'^td^WcdaiiocoLric£>cdr'.’cr)'fri£>ib»3:Lr>*J;ir>ir>u3iriioi<«a:r~-'u->Lr>*3:<£>Lricd State, population group, and county GEORGIA— Continued Heard _ _ _ JeffP Davis . . . Johnson . . . . tt&;::: ::::::: : Lee _ Liberty... . . . . Lincoln . . Lumpkin . . . . . McIntosh.... . . . Marion _ _ Miller _ Montgomery _ Oconee _ _ _ &!•.••• . • Pike _ Pulaski . . Putnam _ Rabun . . . . . Rockdale Seminole Stewart _ Talbot _ Taylor _ _ Treutlen . . . Twiggs _ _ _ Union . . . . . . Warren _ . _ Wheeler _ White _ _ Wilkinson.... . LOCAL SCHOOL systems: county units 73 s s' 224. 48 210. 08 236. 79 220.15 193. 16 210. 66 221.84 202. 97 191.37 267.83 227. 03 245. 60 212. 99 221.30 221.21 256. 02 285. 25 230. 13 237. 32 186. 01 189. 42 223.19 233. 43 210. 79 475.90 434. 96 525. 86 248.24 s i 301.47 282. 04 279. 74 322. 68 © uicvjrHOMsinooo CO Ti r^.p^.o> -<*r-H*d iH ri omcors ! csiddo ■ csj 04 ri moo -«*o CO CM j CO* — « — « CSJ CO* CO CSI © • C jc O i M | ri rHfxrH^toocn OHNOOH ri 0—4 H men m ^0 o H O CO f— 1 O) csio-Jo 5.511 ss isssssss ocsi ! to csi cd iri r«.* id i 5. 51 1.G5 \l u 3 i 1 ; 2.22 SES88SE; •^csi * i— « CO 2. 26 2. 22 2.32 | 14. 58 6. 70 24. 19 11.21 3 M 5. 96 .90 3.19 2. 94 a co«t^o>oomooo^ 15.8 12.3 13.6 12.0 11.0 o>* o*a*o— *o>co r^cdcdcnodod 10.9 8.2 14.4 11.9 17.4 O) to ri 12.5 10.8 12.3 9.9 s tf ssssssdss 42.31 27.94 33.35 25.53 24.36 S rf 17. 86 23. 90 36. 93 21.60 16. 52 15. 77 24.27 19.21 30. 39 69.72 51.68 91.74 19. 49 33.44 37. 83 30. 56 34. 54 32.02 . 00 CO ooommcDcDcDoom ^* of co cd co o* coined cm* ocsi 00 ri csi —4 04 CO CM CO eded m -i T-» cooom cd m cm cd 3 00 10. 78 12. 60 13.02 7. 74 9. 55 5. 50 3. 50 2.71 8. 57 16. 27 7.51 7. 19 7.96 7. 36 OOtOodui-LO 5.54 2.35 13.90 17.18 3. 79 12.00 7. 05 14. 05 5. 56 21.03 04 i IDAHO i 1 I Cassia . . . Jefferson . Bear Lake . . . Blaine_ _ _ _ Boundary . . . - Fremont . . . . Gem.. . . . . Minidoka . . . . . Group V ( Average) . Oneida Teton . Group VI (Average) . Camas . Clark . ILLINOIS Jersey... !*. . Group IV (Average) . Edwards. . Schuyler . . . . . . Scott . 1 o 1 ! BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION 1954-56 Total expend¬ itures per pupil 1G 236. 71 437. 89 113. 30 125. 25 pH^-PHCoco^-cooeooooo^r^cococMoo ^00 00 0>t0*HO00t£)tO00rH00 00tn0000*-o6ir>ooo6Lr>ntoorir>CMC£>cocD Expend¬ iture < D 16. 36 41.31 7. 06 00 PvlOPOOOCncOOOOO^CMtOpHlOCOp^O^t't CMtDCMO)O^OrNOCMpc7>oo<7)Oor^oooor^oooooa)f^oocnr^ Administration Percent of total 3.4 OO 3.0 4.4 iniOOOtOMCM'tOOiOOCMpHNIsOOO ^^LOLncorfCM’^^too^^^^Lo^r^Ln Expend¬ iture CD O 00 20. 85 3. 38 | 5. 45 oo^-oooor^ir>a)CDcncDcooocooooocooor^ CDO^-tDrvCOOrHOlcn^-CMLnpHCnCDCDO) inr^r^cd^uScMCD^^^r^KtioLOuS^io State, population group, and county INDIANA Group IV Brown . . . . . . KANSAS Group VI Greeley . . . . KENTUCKY Group II Floyd... . . . . Group III (Average) _ Adair . . . Bath _ _ _ Bullitt _ _ __ _ Butler... _ _ Caldwell _ _ Carter . . . . Clay . . . Fleming _ _ _ _ Green . . Hart... . Jackson... . . . . .. Jessamine . . . . Knott _ _ Lawrence. _ Leslie _ _ McLean _ _ _ Magoffin.... _ _ Martin . . .. . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 75 133. 43 130. 33 135. 14 159. 84 136. 55 120. 43 137.61 140. 16 159. 45 156. 15 167. 52 145. 58 230. 75 243. 33 249. 16 181.81 OlT)OOON»HrH ^j-i^COOCMCNJ 1.7 TtO0-H(OOOIOtOCOCOCMN^rHOONOrsOr-tin CM CM CM *-H o •“« —4 o CM r—i f— I *— 4 r-4 CNJ »-H —4 C\J —4 i< 4.14 2. 56 6. 92 7.11 5. 36 5. 62 .65 a CD* oocDuSDsi^cdcvicdoocDCxjuSirir^ioidcDcdodcD^ 5. 54 4. 74 5. 82 6.24 8 s 19. 22 22. 80 14. 26 13.3 14.3 15.0 10.1 9.4 9.5 12.2 15.9 10.9 13.8 15.5 13.7 21.3 12.9 15.9 17.3 15.7 8.6 27.1 13.0 15.8 17.6 25.4 9.3 14.3 23.9 19.9 17.6 8.9 13.7 15.6 10.0 20.6 o in oo co o coin cn 17. 79 18.65 20. 27 16. 13 12.81 11.39 16.77 22. 33 8 s' 24.41 16. 74 29. 97 5 a 9. 24 13.31 12. 48 . o CO — • O) CM K* cd ^ c\i in cd cm cd 3.2 lO^NinoiincoooiNrstooNcoiHO^NNMcn o6oo6j-j'a:r^i 5. 82 7. 66 3. 04 9. 34 13.67 12. 58 17.18 10. 34 NCOCSIrHOOCn SSSSSKS 62.7 0)rHcocsjrvo^-cvjcn^c^rvooorHcocjo)LDcooo SSS888SSSS883888SS3S3 68.1 63.8 75.2 56.2 71.0 70. 1 71.7 71.5 94.36 87. 68 89. 50 100. 80 94. 28 87. 85 94. 88 87. 95 £2&£gS328s;882SS£SSgSS3£S? 108. 57 99. 56 126. 04 81.87 163. 81 170. 66 178.71 129. 93 oo o oo cm co coo coLocsi^in^r-: 5.7 Oh.om^^csjfHiocoo)0)roinoooocvjfs.^rv trW^^cdcdcMr^incdmiD^r^inoco'od^oW 7.0 0—4 0) in oo o w CD O OO CM COCO 5. 03 6. 48 3. 79 6. 67 7.65 5.15 9.61 8. 05 r^odcdidr^r^cdooocdodoirJooocvjodcricdcdcd 11. 19 9. 16 11.93 12. 94 6. 88 6.31 7. 48 6. 99 Monroe . . Ohio. . . Oldham _ _ _ Rowan . . Simpson'"’. . . . . Group IV (Average) . . Anderson . . Ballard.... . . . . Carlisle..... _ _ _ _ Cumberland. . . . . Edmonson... . . . Elliott . . . Hancock . . . Hickman . . . Larue... . . Lee . . . . Livingston _ _ _ Lyon.. . Meade _ _ _ Metcalfe _ _ _ Owen . . Owsley . . Powell _ Spencer.. . Trigg . . Trimble _ Wolfe. . . . . Gallatin . Menifee _ _ _ Robertson _ _ _ LOUISIANA i i i : : : m n i! Jii in 502828—59 - 7 Table 5. — Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in county-unit school systems, by major account. State, population group , and individual county : 1955—56 — Continued 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total expend¬ itures per pupil 16 238.21 OOOr^OlDCDCMf-'-OOCOCDnrCDlOCMm.— <<7>OOCD'— oo oo oo nr o* »-« id o cd cd csj nr *-« nr oo cnj cd cnj nr lo in co co *3- nr nr cm oo cm O) « oo cm oo cm co nr cm cm oo CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CVJ CSI CM CM CM CM CM CM 04 CM .—4 CM CM CM CM CM 253. 58 236. 97 226. 91 221.39 265. 09 Fixed charges * Percent of total 15 1.3 m o o *-h oo oo oo nr co »—* o> cm *-* o nr cm o o co !.2 ooors^t — o *“H r-4 Expend¬ iture rt 3. 20 to -a- n r-. o cm to oo to — « cm « tvj csj oo to o in o in cvj ro OO CO tO OO CT> CM CT> OO 00 CSI m CM CM in m m 0» ID O O in Cvj CM CO co csj csj cvj >-i -a* id co co oo to co cvi cvj ’ i-i co co -a- cvj cvj td 3.13 NrH^in 00 0)00 10 csjv-icdcd Other school services All other » Percent of total 13 9.7 nr oo co r** oo cm o co o> co co oo I1** ir> cm o -h oo r*. nr nr cdr-JtDcdcT>r^o^ododcr)odcdcdcz>od^odr^csjoSo)odod 8.8 mpsO)co cdocsio) Expend¬ iture 12 23. 05 oo oo oo oo • •—* co »— * oo oo oo o co csj co *-h cm cm o) cm cm cm o — • cd r-* oo lo —« oo cm oo in m o o o — ^ o cd ct> id o> o *-« nr cd o* cd o> id o csi t-4 cd csj o CM OO .-t r-1 CM — 1 CM CM ^ CM CM CSJ «-h *-h CM •-» CM OO —* CO CM nT CM CM 22.44 co co^tco co co co csj nr oo nr CM CM CM CM Transportation Percent of total 11 12.3 Nco^,0rso>coinoiooooo)^H^HiAcocvj’cfir>oo^,o^ idr-Hodcdr*^odoS»— JcsiocsjLdr^r^OLdcsjor^csjcsjo'j^oS 14,7 12.0 11.3 15.1 14.4 Expend¬ iture 10 29. 35 cvjrHooo^HOOCNPs^rHTtcnoLncocoootorxooiocMOO) lO OO CM CO o CO OO O LO CM OO nT CM O) OO OO *-« O •— * CM OO OO nT CM o> ci id nr nr nr cd oo nr cd cd oo csi cd nr cd o o oo cnJ OO CM 00 nT nT OO CM CM CM CM CM nT —• nr CM OO CM CM *-h CO CM CM OO CM 37. 27 LOCO CO CO LO CO 'tr CM oo id od oo CM CM co CO Maintenance of the physical plant Percent of total . r- oi cn -h o> r-. (OMtM«jooo(orv(ooo-tcM>-ii-ioo(oo«!),t^r^om-Hio oo>a>e6r-Jid'd:in«d:*3:c>idr'J'*'3:'a:ididcvjo6r-'.'odf'-''-< 8.01 00 OO 00 CO cd id cd r-i Operation of the physical plant Percent of total r* 4.9 COIOphOOCMCM^N^COCMOJ^OCOOOCMCOOO^^^CT) nrididodLdnrodididLdidnridodidnrnrLdidnrnrnrnrnr 00 * co co co nr cd nr id Expend¬ iture CO 11. 71 N«tP5(Oin(OOr^NOI-tOMMNOOrvNONinONO to — h co cvj o oo o co cvj to cvj to "sr co ,-i co cvi o r- oo —i o to — <«»coooooooocvicvi— — «o6cMOg>coo>o>a>oicsj'-< 12.06 nr CM CO nr oo cm a) O 00 CJ> CO Instruction Percent of total IA 66.2 oo^^^cv)0)incMtotno)cfia>^trHON^rNcv)^o^N CNjnrnridv-Jr^idnrp^odcsjnrv-iododr^ cdLdodcdcda>r^*-I cocococococococococococor^cococococor^cocoLOcor^. 63.9 64.9 66.3 59.0 61.4 Expend¬ iture n* 157. 71 0)oo(oinmo»o)Cjo»-HO>C’(DOM'inooNO>r^h.ocTKO -HtOiHomtoinoeMioc'jinooiHNt-Hino^-M-ocMO'H cd in ct> id cvj oo cvj in oo cvj r-^ in id •-< r-J r-J co co oo o m to to in to to m m in oo in a> in in in oo in -a- oo oo i — | 161. 99 153. 74 150. 46 130.71 162. 79 Administration Percent of total fO 2.6 OOCOCMCMCDfHpsinOOO^trNCOCM^t^CHOlACOfHtt^-O csj csj csj cd csi csi cd cm rd cd cd csi rd csj csi csi ^-1 csi cd csj csi cd cm v-I 3.4 CM 00 CO 00 csi nr id cd Expend¬ iture oo «-h o o o cd o' o in nr in 19.3 18.1 20.3 d a> cn *3- cvj mmmd cd CNUONHOiwmofO r^o’odoooo^mm^ SS2SS28SS2S33?333f53So2££S;?SSkS ^^Sa^a«'»'5sa^ss^ssgSrfa‘^^a^ss^ Of 8 £ 85 S3 s C 16. 85 14. 10 9.73 11.04 3 S 19.91 23. 87 23. 59 34.91 22.36 30. 22 41.35 16.15 28. 79 0>fOr^OIN(OOa>OCMrsMOOMNrOOOM»)ONOOOfON-CM 00 <* 7.9 2.3 fH IA mr^moo cnmdm o d wrsoooomNOcn^ cn c\i co co d d cd co oo SSS2SS22SSS2SSS3S 33232;SS3SS td cd nr nr id rd in cd in nr «' rd id o cd cd -iOc»,>inincor^.CT>io nr in nr in cd *d cd cd nr id nr nr o' cd nr in id in' nr in cd cd id id nr cd in M id id nr «*» cd 00 00^^-4 r-*‘ o’ r-4 o 00 oocoa>i^cvjcDr^.cDCNj od CD OOOO 1^00 00^^ 12.41 15. 52 13. 98 11.91 7. 34 10. 77 5. 84 11.31 12. 00 17. 30 10. 32 8. 94 27. 14 7. 02 13.20 16. 22 15. 49 12.97 8.65 11.14 7.25 10. 73 17. 34 15. 56 12.76 6. 58 15. 53 18. 73 25. 00 14. 80 25.12 19. 16 21.31 29.04 29. 23 21.13 24.51 15. 57 24.26 23. 26 18.10 23. 00 21.71 20. 79 18. 33 S'SSSIS'S'S'S S' S' £ 3 S' S' 3 3 S S 3 S S 3 3 3 S £ 3 57.1 53.1 60.4 75.4 76.6 76.5 75.2 73.5 72.3 coN^rsinoioiioco S3S£2S£3£gS£g8gS£3S3332£223 SBsss2sl’2S2*2SsS^Ss’s’2Ba^S’S’§a 202. 36 219. 06 191.91 s f 187. 63 208. 58 215.79 193. 55 191. 49 205. 93 188. 34 193. 25 182. 99 180. 41 183. 89 160.21 207.41 184. 64 ooo(0 0)0>»ioin«o)mNN»N(nio cd^cvjcdodcdidcdidod 23. 88 39. 57 .33 CM CM or^ Transportation Percent of total 11 14.3 ^j-oocooooom^-.-«oo^ EsS2ScM^2i22212 o> 12.7 16.4 16.2 16.7 Expend¬ iture 10 39. 96 ifKrcoNrstorsirxoo rHrHooairso^^mo^ co co csi CO Csl OO CO ^ O CM 'CJ oo oo O) to csi co 36.36 51.41 3.80 3. 94 3.61 Instruction Percent of total in 69.3 r^cvjc\jo^r^a)conj-co cd — « o o* o oo csi *-« cd cor^r^cocor^cor^r^co 64.1 53.3 65.4 66.8 63.2 Expend¬ iture 193. 39 r^tocor^coLnoooooocT) 1«— • oor**.*a- f^* co oo r^*» csi o r^. oo ^ m r — o) o) oo a> oi o oo ch o 209. 68 187. 32 83. 51 94.28 69. 36 Administration Percent of total eo 2.6 1 rvo^-^ooo^cotnio csj csj cd cm’ •-< cd csj csi cd csi 3.3 4.7 4.2 min coin Expend¬ iture M 7. 17 oor^oocDOOooocsjo ^Hir>in«— too^j-csjo^-co r^idCT>r^ 1 CO o 1 16. 58 5. 42 4.93 6. 07 State, population group, and county H MARYLAND-Continued Group III (Average) . Calvert _ _ _ Caroline... . . . Charles . . . . Garrett _ _ _ _ Howard _ _ _ _ Kent . . . . . Queen Annes . . . Somerset . . . Talbot... . . . . Worcester _ _ _ _ MINNESOTA Group IV Lake . . . . Group V Cook _ _ _ _ MISSISSIPPI Group III (Average) _ _ Carroll . . Jefferson . . . 427. 42 530. 82 352. 46 301.76 308. 25 § 290. 73 p s csi CD CO >CE CM CO —i CO CO co SY S co CO stems: ( COO)NNO)H 4j-mcooN^ in co o ^ r^* — •* oo CD o co CO co co co CM *3- :oi Sj So JNTY UI —4 co scno ocMmm^i- — * oo cd cr> o CD o CO CD •m- in nj- *3- i 238. 94 336. 37 5.9 10.5 0.8 0.8 o' o* 3.1 0.4 4.3 3.4 6*0 oo— 400 cm o 1.6 2.0 7.8 0.7 6.9 o 25. 17 1 55.79 2. 98 2. 55 2. 88 2.01 5. 56 9.96 1.19 14.26 11.03 3. 29 —4 cm comoo co O O co CM CD O) * cd **3* 15. 10 6. 62 11.48 55.01 3. 44 34. 56 CM* <*) CM* 3.4 1.0 2.3 in CM — 4 2.0 2.2 OO CD OO O CO i-4 2.! mcMCMr^rvco csi — * cd — * — «* —4 1.0 l m i cm cm csj ~ i CM* o' cd 1 O ° CM* 9. 65 18. 29 3. 39 6. 82 8. 24 4.40 7. 99 7. 21 2. 77 11.87 5.79 vH 00 r>.# co co u) rx ai 1.9 lo ir> —4* CM* 4.0 <£> orx(D csj i< co 6.9 coo— 4 in co oo co* cd — « csj *3- 00 cnco— •— iin cd cd csi —i m ° 33.86 35.71 32. 52 5. 61 4. 57 7. 38 15. 55 22.46 39.35 25. 36 11.58 25.51 | OCOOCMO)— 4 in -M- CM — 4 o oo in cm co* o cd o CM CM CO CM 23.17 | 27.88 58. 28 14. 70 19. 20 7.64 3. 49 3. 22 5.5 pors ;■ in— i lO LO 3.4 00 in lo o m CO 00 4.8 2.9 4.5 3.6 4.1 5.2 11.0 _ *1* — 4 rv oo oo cm co* in cd cd csi i 1 2.6 3.8 23. 42 18.86 26. 73 16. 22 oo o cn l 13.34 18. 95 11.63 13. 14 27. 26 in 00 H 11.01 16.70 14. 07 16. 43 13. 96 47.24 00 rH 12. 45 32. 34 5. 83 31.63 11.19 6.31 12. 65 9.6 7.3 12.2 10.9 S II SOI 12.1 10.3 oor^ odd ”-7 M-ps^-omcsi OCMOCMCsicd 10. 3 OO CSJ v— 4 o cd oo* o cd *3-* m 9.9 41. 12 38. 58 42.95 32. 89 32. 52 33. 52 47. 55 33.43 32.69 32. 93 34. 32 43.35 CO JOO-J^JCO drs'ocvj co* r">* it^^mcom 49.84 27. 36 46.13 71.90 62.72 69. 82 17. 85 33. 28 63.1 63.5 62.7 76.0 75.2 77.3 OO r^. 66.3 OO 4fO) CO CO in CO CO CD 68.5 73.5 71.6 61.4 67.8 71.6 67.8 72. 5 77.3 73.1 67.2 70.8 72.6 84.2 r>. o* 0° 269. 72 336. 83 221. 07 229. 22 231.84 224. 78 293. 63 215. 52 219. 00 219.13 210. 90 253.12 283. 36 267. 60 239. 67 273. 90 191.72 292. 59 350.25 motcoooo m co csj cm co o csi cd cd csi — i-r^cocD CO ^3* *3- CO CO 201. 20 271. 38 5.7 oi n IOCO N 3.6 1.3 CO csi 5.4 moo CD CD 5,1 —* CM CM CO O CO ^ CO* 0> *3* LO* — « 4.3 fscoooa)m csj o* od* co* csi 2.2 2.8 24. 47 26. 76 22. 82 8. 44 11.21 3. 73 oo oo oo* 17. 58 21.27 13. 33 19. 04 18.70 15. 69 12. 00 35. 92 17.37 13. 34 6. 95 20.92 O — * CO CO oo CD CO — i *3* CD o cd g oo CM 5. 24 9. 27 NEBRASKA Group VI (Average) - Banner . . . . Hooker . . . . . NEVADA Group II (Average) _ Clark _ _ Washoe . - . . Group III Elko . . . . Group IV (Average) - Churchill . . . . Mineral . . White Pine. _ _ _ Group V (Average) . Humboldt ?. _ _ Lincoln . . . . ... Lyon . . . Nye _ .. .. . . . Ormsby . . . Pershing? _ _ _ Group VI (Average). . . Douglas ’ . . . . Esmeralda _ _ _ .. Eureka . . . Lander... ... _ _ .. Storey . . . . . NEW MEXICO Group 1 Bernalillo . . Group III Los Alamos. . . . . 79 See footnotes at end of table. Table 5. — Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in county-unit school systems, by major account. State , population group, and individual county: 1955-56 — Continued 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 1 t- expend¬ itures per pupil a 160. 33 5 s' Fixed charges » Percent of total a 1 ft l"l ^o^ocn^mcMf-Hcoooo) ~ csi -• o' -i csi -i 0 © PO fH r^coooco cd HOOH^ |r-H* OOCOCOOtncDOOCM^tCSI o* -.* csi o* O* O* ~ -i csi Expend¬ iture s 2.41 SSSSSSSKSKS esi^revit-I esi esi cd esi ~ -i 2.19 sssss is* esi * •— I cd t—i j esi Sg£8£33S3S •-i csi csi cd *^Hr-ir-Iesicd 1 O All other » Percent of total 3 CO ft OOOCOfsOCOOOCO^iH csi co co' o ©* to csi «-h csi co fH id ooococomf-i ^cd^-icsio CO CO © O CSJ »— i OO CD CO oo o o* m* co csi cd cd Expend¬ iture 3 4.20 3.17 4. 64 6. 13 .50 1.10 7.10 3.75 3. 18 3. 38 6.41 6.71 § id -iirirsicsied • .55 .49 9. 49 4. 97 3.61 7.15 12. 46 7.22 5. 59 2. 94 f I Transportation Percent of total 3 C4 in ^CDCsJO>CMCO«O»-«CD00r^ in co oi co cd o* in co in oo in © 00 •^^OOO^I-OCSJCOr-MDCOincDCSle-HCDCO oo oo O) i< co r^* CD o> cd K oo cri csi * r^* co Expend¬ iture S 8. 37 SSfcSKSggSSSSS I oooVod 'enudoddoi 13.02 S2SSuiSoi2oir"S2J2e5iS22 Maintenance of the I Percent of total o o^-oococNj^rr^r^cDcocM ^ co’ in co’ co* csi cd* a ^Ha>csiKj-ocsicMOin^^*oco— «o*-Hin csi csi o' oo cd in* iri csi .-I co* co* —i •<*•* co* Expend¬ iture 00 88*9 SSSSSSSSSSS to to r-' iri od flooded esi r^in-HCor^.csiCT>co*-«CT>ococ£>in cvicsi^^cviintddr^cntdcsi^^cvi 4. 22 5. 89 8. 03 3.01 12. 05 10. 88 6. 02 6. 47 4.73 5. 30 5. 60 10. 90 6. 16 6. 36 .48 1.37 5. 87 3. 79 4.61 7.67 1.04 1.08 7. 05 7. 18 6.57 ^^csitd^cnoJ^^trrJcotdeMoi 7.4 8.6 8.4 12.7 5.8 8.4 7.9 8.2 cn o^rocsjcj)»— tmm^coinco i-H* in o* ocirsrHoiix r*.* o’ i< roi CO oo d fs inooorHo^ooorsintDcoinMto oo to oo ©6 to in to to r4 cd to* r-.’ ai in SSgKSSgg oioootoodoi^td 3 m 8. 44 10. 07 9. 06 13. 39 14.79 7. 10 9. 59 14.91 8. 53 9. 75 11.05 6. 69 32. 66 31.78 15. 74 11.41 15. 96 12. 03 10. 63 13. 20 12. 96 10. 72 9.17 9. 84 11.21 11.68 11.35 9. 53 11.91 12. 56 7. 02 COHOfOOOQCO 71.7 tocsitooor- ioo>rscoincsicM 69.1 67.9 80.6 78.1 ^■cocvjiDininoooo^rHNc^rHO 120. 75 123. 67 129. 29 110. 53 126. 06 134. 39 128. 15 115. 46 127. 89 124. 26 122.21 108. 44 153. 55 115.61 127.68 124. 29 150. 24 117.89 129. 10 131.92 136. 38 233. 47 OO 1 141.03 a S' 141.92 125.39 131.64 127. 99 129.36 130. 24 122. 17 123. 30 129. 15 117. 47 132.20 120. 38 125. 42 108.41 102. 28 CM^tr^CMO^CO«-HO csi csi c\i eg —i csi cvi co* M * CSJ - CO O *4 CM ^•ooorsvHinmoooo^csicsjoio ^c>4cdcd^cdcdtdr4odcdtd^td^ ssssssks co^coco*rco^ 7. 52 to oi ai j-j to oo tri id to ai 7. 50 4.15 1.83 6. 70 oo^^rtdtotnuioicsjc^m'aiidodir) Person _ _ Stokes... _ _ Transylvania . . . Warren - - - Washington _ _ Yadkin..... . . . Yancey . . Group IV (Average) . Alleghany. - - - Camden - - - Clay.. - - Currituck _ _ Dare . . . . Gates _ _ Graham _ _ _ Hyde . . . . . Pamlico _ KPa"s- . Tyrrell . . . OREGON Group III Lincoln . . Group IV Crook . . . SOUTH CAROLINA Greenvlne!*.! _ _ Group II (Average). . Aiken.... . . . . . . Berkeley _ _ _ _ Cherokee _ _ _ _ Chester . . . . Darlington _ Georgetown... _ _ Lancaster _ _ _ Marlboro . . . . . Newberry _ Oconee . . Pickens.... _ _ Union . . . Williamsburg _ _ I •S 1 ■a 1 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 LOCAL SCHOOL systems: county units 83 150. 38 150. 43 160. 50 150. 84 177. 78 146. 65 157. 98 156. 49 1GG. 08 155. 14 171.93 171.08 151.37 182. 38 131.04 204. 11 167. 12 153. 06 220. 63 162. 46 m p^ cm co co •-H «-H o C\i «-H «-H 1.3 oo(\jcDrooimorH^oin 7.51 4. 00 3. 73 8. 54 7.71 4. 13 5. 82 4. 73 5. 42 3. 80 7. 88 8. 34 9.27 7.47 7.60 1.31 6. 06 5. 74 8.31 10. 65 8. 09 4.16 2. 76 6.23 12.56 1.95 4.11 6. 29 6. 88 7. 75 7. 57 8. 65 9. 54 3. 22 7.71 12. 73 4. 05 10.5 12.4 6.7 8.6 9.5 7.9 9.9 12.6 Oia>cMio^Tso,cM^OP^o,»-«'«tcMPsOOvninicOiH^iif)cocoo 16.1 CD CO CO CO CM CD O »—* LO CM CM id co p^j o oo cd r^*j *— j cn co «— * 15. 73 18.71 10. 76 13. 03 16.91 11 63 15.57 19. 76 32.17 28.40 14. 66 13. 79 16.23 19. 08 31.74 23.77 8. 30 15. 46 21. 17 26. 59 33.85 24. 36 16. 38 17. 94 10. 79 26. 00 20. 64 18. 83 21.72 20.61 24. 16 12.66 18.71 9.65 26. 68 2G. 67 25. 78 31.51 29. 56 15. 64 33. 26 22.16 34. 70 18. 58 25. 20 51.16 18. 26 moo-HOO— < eo^cor-JoocM-; 2.2 cn^oococDQO*3-in^j-r->.oininr^ocoinocMCO— .o*2-cDr^*T *—i CM CO «— i r-i *— i O O r-i CM ■“* CM CM CM CO CO CM CM CO CO *— « t— J CM «—* OO •— * 2.2 'COc-HO^fOOPxrHtDlOCO Ir-J^CM^Or-.-CM-J-icO* 5.23 2.81 4. 88 1.69 5.31 3. 00 1.81 3.43 CO* rr* -=j-* -J cm* cm* -* • ~* CO cvi td -rf -* CO iti vt CO IO in -• ~* CO cocr)rHo^rNo^r^r^cMOOfN.o-o-csipN^rHcn in co* ^ cr> in in tri in* oo* ^ i< co* in* *j*‘ r< oo* t< co* co* co’ co* m* co* oo cd* in inr^inoocDCMco^-cDco inLncxjp^ininr^'cboop^co 9.15 10. 07 7.63 9.98 13.28 7. 64 11.93 10. 33 10. 67 12. 34 6. 85 13.51 8. 84 8. 49 8. 39 8.23 11.14 6.20 12.22 9. 86 11.01 7. 87 12.75 11.38 12.25 11.08 10.43 11.94 10. 74 7. 92 13. 26 8. 96 13. 07 l!:Il 10. 77 8. 58 9.75 11.11 10. 67 9. 06 7. 74 14.70 10. 99 12.87 17.47 10. 67 oo i — coinOrHCD 70.0 »-H^j-^o>i^oocDr^cocoooco^M^.CMr^cMooooa>r^.^T^.CDcoco^-* CO $ oiniDinooNioinoopHrs sssssssssss 109. 44 103. 35 124. 11 115. 32 126.31 111.64 116. 30 109. 53 Kg'2g2gSS3'§'2gg^Si2'S|2'gog'g'g='S 108. 38 105. 49 110. 89 103. 59 105. 15 127. 24 95.31 127. 83 116. 12 94. 62 121.58 111.54 CM CM in CO CO oo CO* CO CM CM CM* CO* CM < CO CDO(D«-»»HO^OOCMtOOCMP'COCMfOOr>.O^rfO'tO)MOCVlO«t CO* CM* CO* «3-’ co’ co* CO* co* co* CM* co* CO* CO CM* co’ co* ^r* in co* •— «’ CO* ^P* CM* oo* © in O* |ls II 1.4 5.8 10.4 Expend¬ iture M 7. 29 9. 47 6. 87 6.02 7. 77 6. 06 9.16 9. 03 7. 86 11.03 12.97 oo oo co oo in f-» on OO OO r-H CO CD cr> cn! oo co r-f f-« CM 18. 55 cn cd r*** in co oo **■* CD* CM* cm in Transportation Percent of total H H rsoocno Lf> LO r—i CD 15.9 14.5 17.1 CM* CM CO CM CO 1 l M“* oo r^OPor^cM co ^co co in cd CM CD CD ^hcmco Expend¬ iture O 21.56 30. 02 23.11 22. 30 29. 86 27. 98 31.37 5.90 4. 32 8. 60 13. 88 29. 35 .08 10.10 11.14 10.81 16.01 14.76 14. 50 5.71 13. 18 18.15 Maintenance of the physical plant Percent of total Oi ocoi^cm H 2.3 1.5 1 M 3.1 4.5 1 CO I 1 1 irj ro o co >— > to 1 1 cri cJ »» co •-* 1 1 l ^ CM* CD CO CM in co co Expend¬ iture 00 t— i in oo co o^tnrs * CD CO CO 3.46 4. 43 2. 67 8. 31 6. 26 11.80 9.75 | ^trvocorsCMO cm cm co co *3- (T> in* oo’ cd o* cr> co* 10.01 19. 42 15.15 16.35 Operation of the physical plant Percent of total •-Hcoinoo IHNIDID CO CD m oo r^in fH r* r". co cd | CM CO 1 1 CM CM CM in CD oo r^-‘ v-h* cj> in* in co 1 CO* 1 7.1 10.3 10.4 Expend¬ iture CD cm co in o* Cl O) m oo cn OO* LO* o* CD* oo* CD co* oo oo oo o oo in cm *-» «—• CM *-<•—» -H 233. 52 236. 60 320. 02 300. 89 Administration Percent of total CO oom«^cM co in in to coo in II « 1 « 1 OOOO 1 •o- in CM IM* o in cm vh cd oo cj) oo* in cn* cd co* «— »* in 1 o CM CT) CTJCO^ Expend¬ iture CM inoorj-o in in in cm CD OO* CM* to *t csiooorHin *4 cn CO CD CM oo oo O CM 00 iooio^hio^^V M co i oo o to r~i to Irt »‘ r^.* * reedin’ S23SS=2=S S3 3 i3S2S2 i = £ 3 2=3=8 S =232322 3 253 c6 'm’coMin'^moo 3 s is sssS is I j 2 3 r-C cd 3 2222223: 53 tom to UDCT)rH0O^^MfO o> unr^m^co Icmd^cm Ui vH (OH0OO o *9- cm cm •— « r-* oo M 0)010 OC\l«*-OOWl«PgCMT»- = L'vfSM joirir^ i M* ^inin in r^cM^ioocNj^Hio^j* O cn co ^ o cd uo «n MON jcica-oicrjcn—o « - - oo'i ri*t*tco = ^CMCMOCMcdcM cn OO *9* o ^23=3323 g 55S383233 s 828S8 3 32333== s 3=3 !«'o)NjHOONrt 3 S«eM».rigetj«sjcO s 0> Cvi CT> ■— • CT> 5 esj vo ifi ixi i'-' ir> ed r~-‘ ir> r-i inrs^ooco^oo^t fH ooocdcmoo^oocon- 00 o ooM-oincsir>. cn omoo cdidid-jooidododoo Tj-t£>O0 69 ocvjino)ONinco^ in r^oo ^toocD CP — < cn oo o m cm CM CM CD CM o^i^oio^ioiftoo 00 2 oo ~ r-** in o> a> oo tsi CN CM CM CM CM CM cn *tco coco* t^tco in i ricor< 32333=335 s 8888=82=5 £ § 3S858 3 3523338 1 s 2= = tncJuSoo— jr^Lnror^ s ==35=83== ' to tdidinLnr^ 5 ; iiJilllU Jj 1 11 Table 5. — Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in county-unit school systems , by major account , State population group and individual county: 1955-56 — Continued 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 122. 77 I 73. 6 1 12. 87 1 7.' 7 1 7*. 50 1 4! 5 1 15! 83 I 9! 5 I 3! 47 2! 1 1 l! 13 1 0! 7 1 166! 89 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 87 148. 00 200. 74 151.41 155. 37 167. 27 169. 74 178. 80 147. 26 153. 78 150. 95 157. 29 138. 57 157. 30 143. 49 182. 31 o-hcsj OpHo^in»Hf^oocMCvm5 1.2 ^ncocfiinoocvjco^^o^^a>cooocMOONr^inoo^ooo^»H^ininM 2. 94 2.21 1.89 1.49 1.85 1.62 2. 05 2.19 . 14 .99 2.79 2.99 1.95 2. 34 SS5gS£8gS£S§gSggS?KS§C;Sg^S2E5gggggSEo§gS3 toe ^Csicsj CSJ^CSJ co csj csi ^ -<* csi csi co ~~ri€*c*~i^€* + csi€nc*~€o~c6cjc«cj€6c4~c4~;cj€nt4*i*«icS~c4 csi loco !■»' co iri co co co csi co co cvi 3 <* co csi co co csi csi co’ cr> co co co iri csi cd Tj-' lo co csi co csi ^ cd uo oo iri 'co S3- 9.1 6.9 0.4 7.2 6. 1 6.5 9.0 11.2 12.6 6.9 9.4 7.4 10.5 4.6 3 oo— «cDr^rocNjOr-^r-HcsicsjoocDOin^r^cD^M^KM^.inootDcoinin^H^r^-«co^3- ^2So6d2So6crf^22222Sr^odd!^r^^d222i2SSS2od2oi 13. 46 13.91 15.75 11. 19 10.27 11.00 16. 16 16. 42 19.45 10. 42 14.82 10. 28 16. 53 6. 56 19.15 22S22'2g222S2S3S'22^2^2S2SS2S2a222 cd *-< o ocominrs^cnfOrHcvirN o^csi uScocsico^^cocococsj^ 3.9 >csjci*3-*3-a>cor-ioa>coCT><- oo to co to in in to in in a> CD OOOOOOSeHxtWinOO0tfCOOrsiHOOXDOO»Hy5M^OOOO^^<-in0 in in a5 in to in in i< in oo' to' in o to* to i^‘ to to ^ oo' to in to o in CO CO o' 2”^O'°>l®!,’2CC'0C' s d ^ r'i csj « eri oo in csj oS o ai °° o co co csi oi *sj " ct> cs oo s* os' in in oo cococor^cn^iniooowoo R^ss^'icidfes 1 CD R cnr«.^incM^cM^oocnininincvjo^LOCoo>cv4»Ht£)r^^fo^orvcMOOi^o) 104. 30 149. 60 116. 24 112.75 124. 36 135. 46 133. 59 110. 32 110.91 116. 99 118. 79 105. 01 120. 77 120. 25 132. 66 sisdaa’S’a^^assSiS^sss’^SsssS’aaas’^a co ct> csi ^*5j-r^co^c\jcom^3-r^cr> egcg^^CNicsi-JcNJ^^O 2.2 cvjf-HCDoor^__ King George-Stafford io . Lancaster-Northumberland w . Loudoun . . . Louisa . . Nelson.. g... . . . . Northampton . . . . Orange _ _ _ Page - - - - BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total expend¬ itures per pupil 8 161. 58 212. 87 223. 10 187. 50 199. 60 198. 91 175. 60 187. 86 165. 19 180. 13 198. 54 203. 52 209. 87 223. 67 181.80 179. 09 187. 28 241.18 178.01 248. 60 194. 99 176. 04 212. 82 191.97 231.33 Fixed charges 2 Percent of total 8 1.2 1.5 0.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 2.3 2.2 1.4 CM T* — « CO csi o Expend¬ iture 8 SSSKSSSSSSSo ~ CSJ - CM- CV4 CM CO CM CM CM «* ssssssssss cm co ‘ Cvj cvi csi •-* in *3-' cvj 2.63 3. 95 1.46 Other school services All other » Percent of total a 'ttor^rstoOfor^cMtnoo CO -J CM ~ csi csi CM csi -i csi ~ CO CM oio>^oo*-Hr^incooooo csi «-4 co ~ co csi CO csi csi © m 1.9 4.5 Expend¬ iture 3 loeocdcntoco-rfui-i^cf* S.26 co^cocouScocdcomV; 3 3.71 10. 36 Transportation Percent of total 3 Mfsin^too»H^csjo)into -j co o> csi csi o> <2 o 23 ^ o 3 OKONONOHOCOOtO 2 2 id ^ id ^ 2 id CM * 16.4 12.6 Expend¬ iture 3 18. 00 10. 01 14. 59 17. 70 25. 62 24.11 16. 59 24. 79 17.95 20. 73 15. 05 3 S 3 8 31.55 29. 23 :e of the plant Percent of total ^•tO«ncO(ONCO0OOlON csiiricoiricocsjiricsi**^*-' H m m^-ooa>csic\4— ^co^^cn^csioo^csi ri 1.2 1.4 i s Expend¬ iture 00 oo^r-lo i< uiai -t r~" oo co 6.25 SSS&8SSSES co r-.- oo' co to o IT) r-^ oo n-' 2.82 2.34 3.25 ft Percent of total r* I*nCSICOIOO)NCOIO ^oi^coincduSr^incoo OO CO CS4CO^^-OOr^.COO>Cs4*-* in oo ^ in CD Z'P IS 1 Expend¬ iture CO 13.87 15.11 16. 96 12. 97 13. 26 14. 63 13. 69 7. 64 22. 16 8. 18 9. 00 | 9.72 9. 74 9.71 Percent of total IA csjoor-co^-coocor^^-csj s'ssRpiKiesKRS 70.9 oeMr-too^j-^TS-r-.m 7..S 70.2 70.8 Expend¬ iture 119.91 161.37 162.22 137. 37 142. 54 146.45 131.71 130. 19 121.69 130. 34 147. 23 a 5 151. 02 148. 00 121.23 131 76 138. 60 169. 85 123. 00 180. 05 135. 91 124. 13 s S' 134. 74 163. 72 1 Percent of total oocsjcsj*d-cnc>cvjcomr^CT> csi csi csi csi csi «-« — «* csi csi •-<* csi CM CO M-mooioentoocoeo - •cr -d- CM -tf CM coco coco coin Expend¬ iture CM ESs3S5S2SSiSS?£ CO ^ «f ^ tfi CO CM CM in —ill sessssesss NO^WNI-:« . Richmond-Westmoreland «• _ Rockbridge . . . . Shenandoah Spotsylvania. . . Sussex . Wythe . . . York . Group IV (Avorage) . Appomattox . . Bath.. . Bland Charles City-New Kent »« . . Clarke . . . Fluvanna . . . Goochland James City-Williamsburg (City) ».. Powhatan . Surry . . . i i i ! ii II! Ji WASHINGTON LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: COUNTY UNITS 89 5 23 R SgS2gS22332£2S23SSS2gS s 3SS2S£2g23S£ 2 S’ 22 S s S§222s§2^52§ O 1H coo IO rHinooMtDtocnco(ON(OinrNO>pNNLO-«rvNtD 1- r^cocDcsjo5*-HOOO*-H-Hooo pi pi pi ri p.' doMind^d-i^ocM o S 22 ft 322gS£££sSS33323Jo£S2:32£; 3 ftSS2ggg£gS2£ HP pI CMpi Pi csi CM* iri ph' ph" CO csi CM CM HP CM CM CM CO pi Hp CO CM CM pi CO Cvi ci pi ' CO oi pi CM pi pi 00 pi pi CO ct> o -Hcocn-Hcocsicsj»-*ocsjcsicoCT>oococsiinoor^co 00 coioor^ocoincoco— * o to to HP co od HP —H CVJ O cvj^Noocooof^cn^tn^o>in-*o^OfotDcocNjrsO M csjcooo— »cor-«csjr^ °6 od r^1 5 s ss s 22232Sg££S22232SggS3£;3 s ftSSSSS322gSg 2 to tori s -aa-a— — drisIdri^-dS-a ft 22?32S^cm"2*S!2!22 o> OCD ^tDCsjtDOoointDcvjioootDOrs^cooooooomo CD mcor^moo^csjcsicoooco o w ^rco in i< oi csi Kj-* o^-’r< rococo nr n* ^c3)Vco csi co i< * in p>: in ^ csi co ^ cd cd csi ^ S3 5 -s 3 g3ftg2g22SS22g3222332g2 1 a gg2§SS2g3S2£ CO to r^’co s to iri HP ri to HP oo pi pi cm' tori pi o to Hpirito'irioiedco — H r-t CVJ — «.-H CSi*-* —» CO* o' ^ pi oo to ri ri pi cri cm co ri 00 O LD CD ri onj-p-HOomcDmcDoococsicocnr^a*.— «r^.cocDOincn CD O05 00*HCVJpH^OC0C0 0)00 rf -HO a> oi&gT^G6°6oir^oio~i^o6o6r*:o6oii< es.* in co cd r^* od co r^‘ r< co - SI s g£2g3228S22£g22£S£gggg ft 223333332232 s? s’ sis s S232225:32232232gft; 22222 a °'2222222ui2‘£52 o o into iH inin*inf-icsjoinr^CT>coincsj lO rNi^fH8tcDcoa>oo s K g JO s S S' 2 2 2 K 2 2 K 2 S S S 2 2 S 2 2 S* S 2 2 s' 2ESS222S22222 § 3 22 8 gS23222223ft;32SS3S3gSftS 8 233222233333 s' S 2s s’ 222asa2ssssS3s’^SBS2sSS s BsSss’ssss'SSS to CO CSJCO CD tOOOlOONCMtOttCMtOOtO'P'ppHPtO'POOpHCOr- |Hi wors^ooomoisinNN CO "■ CS4CNJ M- CM CO co" cm' cm' cm' pi cm' cm' cm' to' CM CO cm' co' co cm' cm pm co cm' cm *» co co co co ^3* in co csi co co co csi s ft ss g SS2SS2SSS-!Sft33gS£2£3S33 s 3S32gg32g2SS 2 M* hpco hp HP HP ri HP HP iri CM co co HP .ri HP ud iri hp ri iri to' iri iri hp hp to to ir> t-I in - O CO < OO O LO LO *3- co cd wo CO CSI CM* CM* ■— i 2.69 Other school services All other * Percent of total 13 eocoo^oininfHoo^ooto ir>cNjco’^coc\jcsj^j:cvicocouS 3.7 CO O CD T-H CM co’ i wo j 1 10.2 Expend¬ iture 3 11.49 4. 49 6.71 10. 29 7. 02 5. 14 4.51 8. 47 6. 04 6. 38 6. 30 11. 76 ,ss OO CO v— i OO CT> i ps tDOtDNps 1 in ooiodrs'io id 34. 87 Transportation Percent of total 11 »-‘tDtDO)CSIOOCMOO *3* Maintenance of the physical plant Percent of total a> OONOOISOO^O^^OOO co’ in co* cm’ to »-«’ co* wn 4.0 OO CD CD CM OO WO O CD ^ CO* CM* CM ^ Csi 6.2 Expend¬ iture 00 o> — • o cd co co csj o i^OtDOrHCMOoootDLnrvoo r^’ rn‘ to rn‘ in cvj o co (£> r*.’ co 8.19 16.81 10. 34 6. 80 4.13 5. 11 9. 44 3. 87 CD CD o’ CM 1 1 Operation of the physical plant Percent of total r* oo^-cD^csir^cr>c75cDO^oo in i< oo r*.’ co o' 06 oo r^‘ oo oo 7.9 CD CD CD CM T*". C"- CD oo cd r- o’ wo" *-h co | ° Jj Expend¬ iture CD OCOCM^CO^-OOOOOOMO O CO CD ^ O CD 'Ct* CM CM WO lO «— ’ in a> oo oo cd cd oo 16.26 21.20 15. 02 14.84 19.35 10.27 24.79 7.62 In o? Instruction Percent of total Ifi CDCnCDCDr-lC^OrHQ* •— < OO CO CO CD O CO OO CM co o o ^•CMCMlOCM^-CM^^-COCM^* 137.10 1 CO CO OO CM CO CO CD r^orocvi^tmo) CD CO CO* O O OO CM in in cm co cm co co 177. 57 Administration Percent of total CM CO CD CM O ^ CO OO CO OO WO OO in csi in ^ co ^ co csi co 5.0 | o »— • in oo co in co* co’ co m’ in id wn* 5.9 Expend¬ iture M (DO^OrH^^OtDCONrHCn r^. *-h in •— i o o oo cm •— • cm o> c3 CDrHr-.rvOO-HO cm cd in m co cd 20.06 oo o ^ cm* cr> cr> © CD* CD* «-< O* O* CO* O* State, population group, and county vH WEST VIRGIN lA-Continued Monroe _ _ _ Pocahontas... . . . Putnam _ _ _ _ Ritchie _ _ _ _ Roane _ . . . . Summers _ Taylor . . . Tucker. . . . . . Tyler . . . . Upshur _ _ _ _ Webster _ Wetzel _ _ _ Group IV (Average) _ Doddridge . . Gilmer . . . . . . Grant. _ _ _ _ _ Morgan _ _ _ _ Pendleton . . . . Pleasants _ _ Wirt _ _ _ WISCONSIN Group V Florence . . . . local school systems: county units 91 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 United States Government Printing Office DIVISION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS Washington 25, D.C. OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID PAYMENT OF POSTAGE, *300 (GPO) If you do not desire to continue to receive this type of publication, please check here □; tear off this label and return it to the above address. Your name will then be removed promptly from the appropriate mailing list. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1954-56 Statistics "F Local School Systems: 1955-56 Rural Counties Chapter 3 SECTION IV I . s. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION. AND WELFARE • Office of Education Highlights 1. The 1,199 rural counties included in this survey were located in 38 States and included 21,152 oporating~school districts and 39,938 schools, with 4,223, 1 43 pupils, 5, 1 09 administrative personnel, 0,387 supervisors and prin¬ cipals, 109,852 classroom teachers and auxiliary personnel, and 4,849 clerks. 2. For the fiscal year L955-5G, the rural school systems involved in this sur¬ vey received from all sources a total of $1,218,687,900 and paid out for all purposes a total of $1,183,593,200. Of the total receipts, $1,042,741,800 came from current revenues and, of the total funds spent, $910,123,800 went for current expenditures. 3. The data presented in this survey give emphasis to the wide variety of practices known to be characteristic of rural education in the United States. They illustrate abundantly that the rural schools of a county or group of counties, or of a State or group of States, are sometimes equal to and sometimes widely differentfrom those of another. 4. For the following aspects of educa¬ tion, the indexes for the rural schools equal or slightly exceed those for the large city schools: a. The percentage of the total public school enrollment in high school is the same for the rural counties and the large cities — 23.3 for grades 9 through 12 in each case. b. The percentages of the total enroll¬ ment in average daily attendance are also approximately the same for the rural counties as for the large cities, viz, 87.7 and 88.3, respectively. c. In the rural areas 12.2 percent of the elementary teachers and 53.5 percent of the secondary teachers are men; in the large cities these per¬ centages are, respectively, 11.4 and 47.5. In the rural West, nearly one iu five of the elementary and two out of three of the secondary teachers are men. 5. For the following aspects, the indexes for the rural counties are markedly different from those for the large cities when comparisons are made for the Nation (38 States) as a whole for the school year 1955-56: a. In rural counties only 1.8 percent of the total enrollment was in kinder¬ garten as compared to 8.3 percent in large cities. b. The junior high school form of school organization has thus far made little progress in the rural counties. In the rural areas, 13.2 percent of the total enrollment was in grades 7 and 8 of the elementary schools and 3.1 percent in the junior high grades of the secondary schools; for the large cities these percents are 9.4 and 4.2, respectively. c. The average annual salary per in¬ structional staff member in rural counties was $3,137 in 1955-50, an increase of approximately 50 percent over a comparable figure reported for 1948. By comparison, the large cities paid an average annual salary of $5,103 per staff member for the school year 1955-56, an increase of about 45 percent since 1948. d. In 1955-56, the current expendi¬ ture per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance in the rural counties was $237, compared with $323 for the large cities. e. Of the total current expenditures for full-time day schools of rural counties over 9 percent, or $22 per pupil in average daily attendance, was spent for transportation alone. By contrast, the large cities spent less than 1 percent of the total or be¬ tween $2 and $3 per pupil for trans¬ portation. f. The rural counties devoted 67.6 percent of the school dollar to instruc¬ tion — salaries, supplies, free text and library books — compared with 73.0 percent for the large cities. g. State and Federal governments supplied 45.1 percent of the total revenue receipts of the schools of the rural counties in 1955-56 and 27.5 percent of those of the large cities, thus apparently recognizing the dif¬ ferences in tax resources available for the local support of rural and urban schools. 6. Smallness is a dominating character¬ istic of rural education: a. In 1955-56 the average enrollment per rural district was 200; that for the large cities was 21,565. b. The average enrollment per rural school was 106 ; that for the large cities w'as 685. c. The total instructional staff per rural school averaged 4.4 against 25.6 for the large cities. d. The average number of pupils en¬ rolled per teacher was 28 in rural ele¬ mentary schools and 19 in the rural secondary schools; the large cities showed 32.1 and 24.5, respectively. 7. The county superintendent of schools has no simple task. On the average he had responsibility during 1955-56 for 17.6 different operating school districts, involving 33 different schools, 3,522 pupils enrolled, 148 instructional staff members, and an average annual expenditure (includ¬ ing funds for current expenditures, debt service, and capital outlay) of approximately $987,000. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1954-56 Statistics 0F Local School Systems: 1955-56 Rural Counties Walter H. Gaumnitz, Emanuel Reiser, and Mary Anne Harvey planned the survey, supervised the gathering and processing of the data, and wrote the report. Emery M. Foster, Chief, Research Studies and Surveys Section, had general direction of the study. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education, Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1954-56 : Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56 Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955—56 Chapter 3. Statistics of Local School Systems: 1955-56 Section I. Cities. Section II. Suburban Cities. Section III. County Units. Section IV. Rural Counties. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education, 1955-56 Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property. Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56 Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1959 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.50 Foreword THIS REPORT represents a statistical attempt to depict the rural schools of the Nation in a manner comparable to the periodic survey of the city school systems published by the Office of Education since 1871. To this end, criteria for defining and selecting representative rural counties were devised, questionnaires and instructions comparable with those used in surveying the city schools were formulated, the returns were verified and supple¬ mented, and a report prepared. The results of these efforts are herewith offered as a part of the 1954-56 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — Chapter 3, Section IV, Statistics of Local School Systems : 1955-56, Rural Counties. Sections I, II, and III will be concerned, respectively, with the city school sys¬ tems, the suburban school systems, and the county-unit school systems. Since this is the first of what promises to be a series of statistical surveys of education in rural areas, it follows that no comparable data are available to determine changes or trends. According to plans, future reports will provide data whereby developments with the passage of time can be gaged. To make this first effort as meaningful as possible, selected indexes — pupil-teacher ratios, size factors, average salaries, per pupil costs — were compiled for groups of counties classified on the basis of ruralness and pre¬ sented side-by-side with comparable indexes for the large cities and for the entire State of which each group of counties is a part. This report contains data for a total of 1,199 counties, each of which was selected on the basis of the proportions of its inhabi¬ tants found by the Bureau of the Census to be living in rural com¬ munities and to be living on farms. According to the criteria developed, one or more counties from each of 38 States qualified as rural. These counties were then stratified into four groups showing varying degrees of ruralness. The compilation of rural school statistics on the basis of whole counties seemed at this time to be the only workable plan. This plan was, of course, not perfect. Some counties included contained m IV FOREWORD one or more school districts which were more or less urban in character; many of those omitted as nonrural contained school districts which were typically rural but the proportion of city dwellers within the borders of such counties ruled these districts out of the survey. Despite these intrusions of urban factors, neces¬ sitated by basing this survey upon whole counties, the data pre¬ sented are probably as representative of the true facts of rural education as can be obtained at this time. This survey produced masses of data which could not be fully exploited in this general report. More intensive studies of limited areas of rural education are already underway. The files are avail¬ able for further research. This report was produced through the cooperative efforts of many people. Thanks are due the county superintendents of schools who furnished most of the original data, the State Departments of Education, who supplemented and verified the reports, to Mable C. Rice and Doris Namanny of the Statistical Services Section, and to Stanton Craigie, Research Assistant, who gave intensive study to rural school reporting and accounting plans of the several States. Herbert S. Conrad, Director, Educational Statistics Branch. Roy M. Hall, Assistant Commissioner for Research. Contents Text Page Foreword _ hi Introduction _ 1 Unique Characteristics of Rural Education _ 1 Selection of the Rural School Systems for This Survey _ 2 Coverage and Stratification _ 4 How the Data Were Gathered _ 17 Organization of This Report _ 19 Some Outstanding Findings of the Survey _ 21 Grade Enrollment and Average Daily Attendance _ 21 Pupils Per Teacher in Rural Schools _ 30 Men on Rural Teaching Staffs _ 31 Size of Rural Elementary and Secondary Schools _ 36 Number and Size of Rural School Districts _ 46 Salaries of Rural School Staffs _ 49 Per Pupil Expenditures in Rural Schools _ 54 Expenditures for Instruction in Rural Schools _ 57 Expenditures for Free Pupil Transportation in Rural Schools _ 59 Summary of Rural School Expenditures _ 61 Sources of Rural School Revenues _ 63 To Review _ 66 Text Tables A. Total number of counties in the United States and num¬ ber and percent of this total selected for Rural County Survey, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 10 B. Total public school enrollment in 38 States and number and percent of this total in schools of rural counties, by group, region and State: 1955-56 _ 14 C. Percent of pupils enrolled attending daily, public elemen¬ tary and secondary day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 22 v VI CONTENTS Text Tables — Continued D. Percentage distribution of total enrollment, by grade, in public elementary and secondary day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and 38 States: 1955-56 _ 26 E. Percent of total public day school pupils enrolled in grade groups, kindergarten through 8th and 9th through 12th, for rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 28 F. Pupil-teacher ratio in public elementary and secondary day schools, for groups of rural counties and large cities, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 32 G. Male teachers as a percent of all teachers in public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 _ _ _ 34 H. Average enrollment and number of instructional staff per school in full-time public day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 _ 38 I. Average enrollment and number of classroom teachers per school in public elementary day schools, for groups of rural counties and large cities, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 40 J. Average enrollment and number of classroom teachers per school in public secondary day schools, for groups of rural counties and large cities, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 42 K. Total number of school districts and number in rural counties, operating and nonoperating, as percent of total, by region and State : 1956-57 _ 45 L. Average number of operating school districts per rural county by group, region and State : 1956-57 _ 47 M. Average number of schools and enrollment per operating school district in rural counties, by group, region and State: 1955-56 _ 50 N. Average annual salary per member of total instructional staff in full-time public day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 52 O. Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance in full-time public day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 _ 55 CONTENTS VII Text Tables — Continued P. Expenditures for instruction per pupil in average daily- attendance in full-time public day schools for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 58 Q. Expenditures for transportation per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public day schools for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State : 1955-56 _ 60 R. Percentage distribution of current expenditures for full¬ time public day schools in rural counties and large cities of 38 States, by group and region : 1955-56 _ 62 S. Percentage distribution of revenue receipts from Federal- State and local sources for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 _ 64 Summary and Basic Tables 1. Comparative summary of schools, staff, and enrollment for groups of rural counties of 38 States : 1955-56 _ 68 2. Comparative summary of fiscal data for public schools in groups of rural counties of 38 States: 1955-56 _ 70 3. Staff, enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools in rural counties, by region, State, and group : 1955-56 _ 71 4. Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 _ 112 Figure Map of Rural Counties _ 8 Appendix Covering letter _ , _ 156 Instructions for questionnaire form I _ 158 Questionnaire form I _ 160 Instructions for questionnaire form II _ 162 Questionnaire form II _ 166 Statistics of Local School Systems: Rural Counties, 1955-56 Introduction For the first time in its history the Office of Education is adding to its Biennial Survey of Education in the United States a peri¬ odical statistical survey of rural county schools. Such statistical surveys of State and city school systems have been made for many years. The major reasons for the long delay in providing a similar source of information about the rural schools are the well known lack of a clear definition of rural education and the difficulties involved in gathering the data needed. Unique Characteristics of Rural Education Rural education is by nature massive, complex, and nebulous. A typical rural environment — sparsity of population, isolated farm living, and decentralization of school organization — demands that this be so. The number of school districts and school buildings, decreasing rapidly in recent years, still looms massively in the public school picture of the nation. According to a recent study by the Bureau of the Census,1 the overwhelming majority of all school districts — 9 out of 10 of the total number — fall outside of the municipalities, as well as outside of the urbanized county-wide school systems. These local school districts, therefore, must be thought of as chiefly serving the rural communities. Most of the rural school districts have school boards consisting of 3 to 6 mem¬ bers. While these boards are in many ways responsible to the county and State school authorities, they exercise varying degrees of local control over their schools. The rural school, while predominantly small, ranges in size from fewer than 5 pupils each to more than 500. Over 100,000, or 75 percent of the Nation’s schools, are located in centers of less than 2,500 population. In 1954, these rural schools still served about 13 million, or nearly 45 percent of the children enrolled in the public schools of the Nation. These rural schools are located in all types 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 1957 Census of Governments, vol. I, no. 1, p. 6. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 of communities — country crossroads, wide prairies, remote moun¬ tain valleys, and isolated desert areas. Rural children still go to 34,964* 2 one-teacher schools, but increasingly they attend larger, centralized schools, many of which are located in villages and sometimes in population centers of 5,000 or more. When the rural school is mentioned, what comes to the minds of many people, even those in professional circles, is so nebulous that the very existence of the rural school has been challenged. “There are no substantial differences between the rural and the urban schools,” say the exponents of this view, “in such funda¬ mentals as objectives, curriculums, teachers, or textbooks.” Yet, even a cursory inspection of the facts reveals that rural communi¬ ties have to contend disproportionately with such problems as ungraded schools, limited offerings, crowded teaching schedules, and inadequate instructional equipment. The same factors which give rise to the problems of rural education — smallness, decentral¬ ization, diversity — also produce certain unique advantages — few pupils per teacher, close personal relationships, and simple com¬ munity life. Selection of Rural School Systems to he Included in This Survey To answer the questions of how the most typical rural schools could be identified, and who could supply the data needed, an ex¬ tensive study had first to be made of the available sociological facts bearing on the environment of the rural schools. Some of these were the inhabitants per square mile, the percent of all people liv¬ ing in rural communities, the percent of the total rural population living on farms, the percent of the labor force employed in “farm¬ ing or agricultural services,” the percent of land area in farms, the number of population centers of 1,000 or more within the county, and the number of local school districts contained in each. This study seemed to indicate that the data most suitable for showing the degree of ruralness of the various parts of the United States were those regularly compiled by the United States Bureau of the Census and published on a county-by-county basis. The smallest civil division for which such sociological data were avail¬ able was the county. A further study had to be made of the school accounting and reporting practices of the various States. This revealed that the most promising source of rural educational facts probably was 2 U. S. Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-56, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances: 1955-56. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 3 also the county. Only two other plausible sources seemed open to the investigator. One of these was the local school district. The deterrents to using this source were found to be manifold. First, there is an enormous number of such rural school districts — about 47,000 according to a study of the Bureau of the Census for Janu¬ ary 1957. Second, the chief keepers of records in such rural school districts are the clerks of the school boards who, for the most part, are laymen, untrained and unpaid for these services. Third, there are great variations among the States in the manner in which school data concerning local school districts are reported and kept. And fourth, there is much crossing of boundaries by both pupils and funds from one local school district to another. Many of the deterrents cited can probably be overcome with sufficient time, skill, and funds, but for the present it seemed best to reject the local school district as a basis for this national rural school survey. Another promising source of rural school information was the State department of education. Every State gets reports from all of its public school districts, but definitions of what school districts are rural vary greatly. Some States count as rural only the un¬ graded 1-teacher schools; others also designate as rural certain 2-teacher, 3-teacher, and larger elementary schools. Still others count as rural all elementary and secondary schools of a given type. These variations in definition and record keeping mean that “rural” school data are gathered differently in various States, thus making it difficult, if not impossible, to obtain comparable informa¬ tion from the State Departments of Education. As will appear later in this report, a collection of rural school facts from the county superintendents of schools also involved a number of difficulties and limitations. In some States the counties play an unimportant role in school administration. Nevertheless, since the sociological data were available on a county basis, and since, in most States, the intermediate school officers (usually county superintendents) are in close touch with their schools and are regularly required to make numerous reports concerning them to their State governments, it was decided to base this first national survey of rural school education upon county sources and draw upon State files and local district sources only where necessary. The decision to gather data for whole counties led immediately to certain unavoidable limitations of the survey. Some of the counties and even whole States, as will be shown in detail later, had to be excluded from the survey because they were found by the criteria applied to be urban rather than rural in character. Parts of the counties thus rejected contained schools and districts which 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 were essentially rural in nature; about a third of those included contained urban centers. The reports from some of the counties chosen as rural had to be compiled from State sources ; others had to be combined from reports gathered from individual districts. This was true, especially for States in which the county plays little or no part in the administration of the schools. Another important limitation imposed upon this survey of rural county schools was the elimination of all counties composed of a single county-wide school district. Such county unit school sys¬ tems, numbering 742 for the Nation as a whole, were excluded from the survey because of the decision of this Office to make a separate but coordinated survey of their schools and to publish a separate report.3 Many of these county-unit school districts are typically rural in character except that their schools are organized into a more closely coordinated system and administered by a single superintendent of schools. To summarize, the data to be presented in the present report were chiefly gathered from the superintendents in charge of selected county school systems which met specific criteria of rural¬ ness. Each county selected was organized on a multiple-district basis rather than on a county-unit basis. All of the schools of each county chosen, regardless of their size, their location, or the degree of administrative and fiscal autonomy assigned them by the State laws and regulations, were included in this study. Coverage and Stratification As stated earlier, data compiled by the United States Bureau of the Census were used to determine which of the 3,070 counties of the United States were sufficiently rural to be included in this survey. The following facts, reported in the various publications of the Bureau,4 chiefly for the year 1950, were found to provide the best available indexes of ruralness for each county: the in¬ habitants per square mile, the percent of all the people living in rural communities, the percent of the total rural population living on farms, the percent of the labor force employed in “farming or agricultural services,” the percent of land area in farms, the num¬ ber of population centers of 1,000 or more within each county, and the number of local school districts contained in each. 3 U. S. Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States: 1954-56, Chap¬ ter 3, Statistics of Local School Systems: 1955-56, Section in. County Units. 4 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 1950 U. S. Census of Population, vol. II, and County and City Data Book, 1956. N.B. Population shifts from rural to urban from 1950 to 1956 have no doubt caused some counties fitting the criteria of ruralness to shift from rural to nonrural or from one group of rural counties to another. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 5 Evaluation of these several series of data, and regard for sim¬ plicity of use, led to the choice of the following two crieteria for selecting the counties to be included in this Rural School Survey. First, 60 percent or more of the total number of inhabitants of each county had to live in rural5 communities. Second, in the counties in which 60 percent but less than 85 percent of the people were reported as rural, 50 percent or more of this rural population had to live on farms.6 The counties thus selected were then stratified, according to ruralness, into the following 4 groups : 1. Counties having 85 percent or more of their inhabitants classified as rural, with 50 percent or more of their rural people on farms, were designated Group A ; 2. Counties having 85 percent or more of their inhabitants classified as rural, with less than 50 percent of these on farms, were designated Group B ; 3. Counties having 75 but less than 85 percent of their people classified as rural with 50 percent or more of them living on farms, were designated Group C ; and 4. Counties having 60 but less than 75 percent of their in¬ habitants classified as rural, with 50 percent or more of such population living on farms, were designated Group D. It should be especially noted that Groups A, C, and D are alike in that 50 percent or more of the rural population live on farms, and are different in the percent of the total population which is classified as rural — Group A, 85 percent or more; Group C, 75 percent but less than 85 percent ; and Group D, 60 percent but less than 75 percent. Groups A and B, however, have the same percent of the total population classified as rural (85 percent or more) but differ in the percent of the rural population living on farms — Group A, 50 percent or more and Group B, less than 50 percent. Since the basis of classification is different in Group B from that in Groups C and D, Group A can be logically compared with Group B and also with Groups C and D. But, Group B cannot be similarly compared with Groups C and D.7 5 United States Census Report, 1950, describes “rural’' population as consisting of all persons remaining after the following persons are taken out of the total: (a) those living in incorporated cities, boroughs, and villages of 2,500 or more inhabitants, (b) those in incorporated towns of 2,500 or more where “town” is used to designate minor civil divisions of counties and (c) those in densely settled urban fringe areas around cities of 50,000 or more. 6 United States Census Report, 1950, describes rural-farm population as consisting of all per¬ sons living on farms, except those paying cash rent for their house and yard only, and those persons in institutions, summer camps, motels, and tourist camps located on farms. 7 As the analysis of the data proceeded, it became evident that unless the counties with 85 percent or more of the population classified as rural were divided into two groups on the basis of the percentage of the rural population living on farms, no valid comparison could be made with Groups C and D. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 The factors of selection and stratification here described were chosen because they were concerned with where the people live. Since nearly all school children of rural families live in rural communities and most of them are identified with farming, these two factors were given the greatest weight in selecting and classi¬ fying the rural counties. Careful analysis led to the conclusion that such related factors as sparsity of population, the percent of the people employed in agricultural activities, and the proportion of land area in farms were too much affected by such things as the size of the farms, the types of farming practices, the location of industries in farming areas, etc., to be parts of the selective criteria. Moreover, the two factors chosen — percent of total popu¬ lation rural and percent of rural people on farms — seemed to be both simple to understand and easy to apply. All of the sociological factors8 mentioned were, however, useful in analyzing the findings of the educational data compiled. There were 3,070 counties in the United States in 1950. Of these, 1,129 were regarded as nonrural and excluded from this study. Another 742 single-district counties, some rural and some urban in character, were also excluded and made a part of another re¬ port. The remaining 1,199 counties were found to fit the criteria of this rural county survey. These were grouped as follows : Total Counties in United States Number Percent 3,070 100.0 Counties Selected for Rural County Survey . 1,199 39.1 Group A . 397 12.9 Group B . 340 11.1 Group C . 186 6.1 Group D . 276 9.0 Counties Excluded from Rural County Survey . 1,871 60.9 In County-unit survey . 742 24.2 Counties considered nonrural . 1,129 36.8 Note: Because of rounding, detail in percents may fail to add to total. 8Use of these sociological data was more fully discussed and illustrated in Statistics of Public School Systems in 101 of the Most Rural Counties, 1955-56, Circular No. 529, U. S. Office of Education, 1958. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 7 A glance at the map (fig. 1) reveals immediately that the counties of 10 States were entirely omitted. All of the counties of four of these States — Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, and Rhode Island — were found to be too urban to be included ; all of those in six other States — Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, Nevada, Virginia, and West Virginia — have the county-unit form of school organization. The latter group, it will be remembered, also was excluded from this survey and included in a companion study which will be published separately. The map shows that most of the counties qualifying as rural, according to the criteria applied, are located in the midwestern or plains States. The Northeastern States had a number of counties which were rural in the sense that 60 to 85 percent of their in¬ habitants lived outside of population centers of 2,500, but these had to be omitted from the survey because fewer than half of the rural people lived on farms. They lived in villages and towns and were employed in the textile mills or in fishing, recreation, etc. Many of the farm dwellers of these counties also work in the above types of activities rather than in agriculture. Many of the sparsely settled mountainous, semiarid counties of the States of the West — Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, Oregon, and Washington — also had to be excluded. In these, a compara¬ tively small urban center was a disqualifying factor because its population constituted more than 40 percent of the total. In such a county, many of the rural people live in clusters — mining camps, recreation areas, villages — rather than on farms. The farms are primarily large ranches consisting of thousands of acres of land on which comparatively few people live. In three of the States — North Dakota, Mississippi, and Arkansas — more than 80 percent of all counties (table A, col. 4) qualified as rural, according to the criteria applied; in five more — Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Iowa — between 80 and 70 percent of all counties qualified as rural. There are, of course, many States in which nearly all of the counties were nonrural ac¬ cording to the rural criteria. Arizona, Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and Utah are each represented in this study by 10 percent or fewer of their counties. Only one county qualified as rural from each of 3 of these States — Arizona, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Two of the States — Georgia and Utah — obviously contained additional rural counties, as defined by this study, but these were excluded from this study because their schools were administered on the county-unit basis. Several addi¬ tional rural counties of some States — Idaho, Mississippi, and New 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 RURAL RURAL COUNTY SURVEY GROUP COUNTY POPULATION: 85% OR MORE RURAL 50% OR MORE ON FARMS 85% OR MORE RURAL LESS THAN 50% ON FARMS 75-84.9% RURAL 50% OR MORE ON FARMS 60-74.9% RURAL 50% OR MORE ON FARMS RURAL COUNTY-UNIT SURVEY COUNTIES NONRURAL ACCORDING TO CRITERIA OF RURALNESS LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES COUNTIES 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 419 I 30.2 I 142 I 10.2 I 66 I 4.8 I 89 I 6.4 I 122 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 11 rf O do flO 00 CO eo oo 'tOOKOHM ro d d mWOWNM CJ O N CO I-* Tt< ^ CO ^ (N ^ CO coco OCOWCOIN IC00 d-H _ 1C CO ® O t* CO IN © CO lO -<* © lO 89 © l'. (OONCNdOON'IiOiOOiO OO'jiHf) ONOON IONOCOO^(OOS(N» gig iso § S-t° 1° 8 :.3j> JS S |:g S^slrSf 33 8 8-g^ “2 •II •C’3'3^ © ® ® gij >» 3-0^ a ;^as»^S^'as : a o 5 5 ® J c3 >> io *- ® -2 so a as S.s ® c3 O'3 T3 M a o <*'■3 Oa «2 <1 2 l li -z 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Mexico — included here as rural, have become county-unit districts subsequent to the collection of the data for this survey. Since the schools exist for the pupils attending them, the cover¬ age of this rural county survey was also considered from the standpoint of the total public school enrollments included in this study. Such data show (table B) that of the 26,527,250 pupils attending the public schools of the 38 States represented in this survey by one or more counties, 4,223,143, or 15.9 percent of the total, were enrolled in the schools of the 1,199 counties selected for this study as rural. Of this number, 1,139,641 (4.3 percent) at¬ tended the public schools of the Group A (most rural) counties, 798,288 (3.0 percent) in the Group B counties, 918,418 (3.5 per¬ cent) in Group C counties, and 1,366,796 (5.1 percent) in Group D (least rural) . For all groups of rural counties, the enrollments bulk largest in the North Central and South regions, accounting respectively for 1,809,520 and 2,025,262 of all of the pupils involved in this survey. Except for the Group B counties, the Northeast and West States show comparatively few pupils attending the public day schools of the selected rural counties. Many counties of these geographic regions were either too urban to be included in this study or they were too sparsely inhabited to loom large in total numbers of pupils involved in this report. The percentages show (table B, col. 4) that in Arkansas, Missis¬ sippi, and North Dakota, 60 percent or more of the total enroll¬ ments were in the rural counties ; in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Dakota, between 40 and 50 percent of the total public school pupils resided in the selected counties. On the other hand, these enrollment data show that in all of the States of the North¬ east region, except Vermont, fewer than 10 percent of the pupils attended the public schools of the counties herein defined as rural. (Massachusetts and New Hampshire were represented by only 1 rural county each.) From other parts of the Nation, the following States likewise were represented in this study by fewer than 10 percent of their entire school enrollments: Arizona (one county), California, Georgia, Illinois, Ohio, Utah (2 counties), and Wash¬ ington. Indeed, many of the Northeast and West States, especially those containing the large cities, show fewer than 5 percent of their total enrollments residing in the rural counties. If the county-unit counties qualifying as rural were added, the rural county enrollment percentages of such States as Georgia and Utah would naturally be increased. As stated earlier, the counties in which the public schools are LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 13 organized into a single county-unit system or district are excluded from the statistical tables presented in this study, regardless of their degree of ruralness. However, in order that the reader may have a more complete view of where the rural school problems of the entire United States are to be found, the county-unit counties which meet the rural criteria applied are also pictured in figure 1. A glance at the map will indicate that all or at least most of the rural counties of the following 12 States — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Nevada, North Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia — are excluded from this study because they are parts of the county-unit study. Another important fact needing attention in this general account of the selection and stratification of the counties included in this survey of rural county schools concerns the 340 counties falling into the “Group B” classification. As this report progresses, it will be noted that many of the indexes of educational conditions shown for this group of counties do not neatly fall into place when compared with those of the other categories of counties arranged by degree of ruralness. It should be recalled that, according to the criteria set forth, these Group B counties had to be 100 to 85 per¬ cent rural, but the “on farm” factor could theoretically range from just below 50 percent to zero. The point is that the Group A, C, and D counties had to meet two criteria of ruralness, viz, 60 per¬ cent or more of their inhabitants had to be rural, as defined by the Census (see page 7) , and half or more of these had to live on farms. The Group B counties did not have to meet this second criterion. It was felt that because these counties contained no urban cen¬ ters of 2,500 or more, resulting in 85 percent or more of their inhabitants living in rural areas, they could not be omitted from this survey. Further study revealed that 235 of these counties, or nearly 70 percent of the B group, had between 49.9 to 35 percent of their rural inhabitants on farms. Analysis of the sociological data found this 70 percent of the Group B counties to be so rural in character that their schools could safely be regarded as rural. The data for such Group B counties, therefore, fall into place with those of the other 3 groups of rural counties. However, the re¬ maining 30 percent of the Group B counties in which the “on farm” population fell below 35 percent of the total rural cannot be re¬ garded as “rural” in the ordinary meaning of that term. The nonfarm inhabitants of such counties live in clusters rather than in the isolated homes commonly associated with rural life. Good examples of such nonfarm clusters of dwellings are fishing vil¬ lages, mining camps, logging camps, park and forest caretakers, Table B. — Total public school enrollment in 38 States and number and percent of this total in schools of rural counties, by group, region and State: 1955-56 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 OO . CO . (OOMONO 0©-*COC0 20 CO CO CO 20 20 © lO CO 02 O 02 LO COCOOOt'.T^CO— i-Ht^00i0C0t^C0 00 02C0T}020i>coeo^© COf~—(COOO>-iCO© • 20 ■-H co tjh co co 02 co m •—it^od NO’MCOOOCDO^ ©20-*f^-<00c000 — I 0 CO CO 20 CO . co co 20 o eo coco- (020 20 00 i co co co ch t>.O02C000O2C000i-lt~©C0 co©-^coco20©co20f-oot^ t>.©2O00©©Tt-i2ococor'.coooco 00* © 20 00 20 CO © 00* TjH* CO © OOCOiO©20- 2-1 3a 11 fl w COCOr}OiOTjicO COOOCOCO— i(NTjiTt r^©rJ<— i CO ec-f^coiooOTftt^^H Ttt^CO'-h 00 U3 tJI — I Tt< CO .-h 00 00 00 »0 CO IN OONMOHOO iO CO CO tJI IN CO 05 O rj< IO CO CO 05 IN t'-COCD<-nOTi< OlOHrHO’lllONOOCO oacoocoTftjiMiN'# CDCOCOCOOOOcoiNT}~MN IN CO CO •“! -< <-H IN (NCiOiOOCOtrOTtliO-'tf CT>OCOOtJ-IC005COINOCOIOCO t^^OOiOiOOiO«5I>t^ 10 0010IN »OCOI>© Hi *0 iO IN •MNffl O • COIN CO lOCONCiCOt'-t^CO^IN dooooi-idooNcod CO^CD-JU^OOCOIN©- TJ<OC0 03f^ cococoTjOTf NTj M „ a a x> a 'E- Q . •og C;~ og *5 <{ ® aS 3 £ 2« ~l. jg 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 recreational centers, and “dude” and cattle ranches. In counties consisting chiefly of nonfarm people living in such clusters, the schools do not as a rule have to contend with long distances, with extreme smallness, or with isolation — characteristics generally associated with typical rural areas. A few case studies of individual counties will shed light upon these unusual Group B counties. Take, for example, Keweenaw County, Michigan. This county is 100 percent rural, but only 4 percent of its people live on farms. There is an average of only 5 people per square mile, only 3 percent are employed in farming and agricultural services, and only 1 percent of its land area is in farms. This northern-most county of Michigan was found to be a peninsula jutting into Lake Superior. Much of the land is rocky and swampy or otherwise unsuitable for farming. Most of the people live in small villages. Mining, lumbering and recreational activities are the chief occupations. In 1955-56 their elementary schools enrolled over 100 pupils each and were nearly all located in the villages. There is no high school in this county, the pupils of this age group being transported to a nearby city in an adja¬ cent county. Valley County, located in the west central part of Idaho, provides another case study of a Group B rural county, illustrating a moun¬ tain and forest situation. Over 90 percent of the land area is under the Forest Service. This county, 100 percent rural, has only 17 percent of its people living on farms or engaging in agricultural pursuits and only 5 percent of its land area in farms. Most of the people live in three villages of approximately 1,000 population each. Logging, lumbering, and mining provide most of the work activities. Five of the 9 schools, enrolling 85 percent of the pupils of this county, are located in these villages. A third county of the rural nonfarm type (Group B), located in the Texas Panhandle, will illustrate still another atypical rural school condition. This county, like the others described, is 100 percent rural. It has only 5 people per square mile. Twenty-three percent of them live on farms and 33 percent follow agricultural pursuits. The others are scattered in the retail trades, the oil industry, in construction work such as highways, and in a variety of other activities associated with general community life. The ranches are large, averaging nearly 1,800 acres each. The families inhabiting this county live chiefly in the county seat and in smaller villages, and 90 percent of the children attend the comparatively large schools located in these towns. Expenditures for transport¬ ing children to these central schools are high. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 17 Group B counties of other States, especially those of the West, have much arid or semiarid land. Some of these counties are un¬ usual because 75 to 90 percent of their land areas have come under the control of the Federal Government as forest reserves, military camp sites, firing ranges, etc. Such counties, for the most part, are sparsely settled and their rural people live in villages or in other clusters of houses necessitated by mining operations, sanitation, conservation activities, national defense, etc. In rural areas of counties devoted to fishing or recreation, as in the Northeast United States, the people also tend, for other reasons, to live and to locate their schools in towns and villages rather than in the open country. Those few Northeastern counties which qualified as rural fell almost entirely into the atypical rural status of the B group. Occupational and living conditions of such atypical counties were determined by mountains, forestations, and industrial develop¬ ments other than farming and similar aspects of rural life. The case studies of some of the Group B counties reinforce the con¬ clusion that the typical rural school situations and their problems inhere chiefly in farm life rather than in the rural nonfarm condi¬ tions of the type illustrated. In reviewing the data showing the coverage and stratification of this survey, the reader will do well to recall that not all of the typically rural schools and school districts known to exist are in¬ cluded in this survey. Many of the 1,508 counties excluded from the 38 States are known to contain many local districts which are typically rural. The absence of data for such rural districts in counties classified as “nonrural” will obviously influence the find¬ ings. However, the number of districts, totaling nearly 26,000, which are included in this survey, is so large a part of the entire number of school districts of the Nation and is so widely dispersed as to location and type, that the data supplied from them must be regarded as giving a fairly accurate picture of the total rural school situation in the United States. This is likewise true for many of the States included in this study. Hotc the Data Were Gathered As pointed out at the beginning of this report, one of the major purposes of this rural county school survey was to compile informa¬ tion which would be comparable to similar information gathered and published for many years for the city school systems. Since the facts for the city surveys were collected by means of question¬ naires, which covered all major types of school personnel, all classes 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 of receipts and beginning balances, and all expenditures and ending balances, substantially the same questionnaire (see appendix for copy of form and instructions) was used for this rural school sur¬ vey. Over the years extensive efforts have been made to construct an inquiry form which would conform as closely as possible to the personnel and financial accounting plans followed by the several States. Indeed, the chief State school officers continually work with the U. S. Office of Education to develop a common core of educational information to be collected from the local school systems. While some important advantages accrued from the use of a questionnaire similar to that used for gathering city school data, the decision to do so also entailed certain handicaps. The forms used, together with the instructions for defining and reporting the data, were found to fit the city school systems better than those school districts responsible primarily to the county superintend¬ ents. Moreover, some of the small rural school districts of many States, especially those of the jointures, unions, and other types of consolidations, were found to deviate considerably in their account¬ ing and reporting plans from those used by the city school systems. These facts naturally produced difficulties for some of the county superintendents of schools in supplying data in the exact categories required by the form. Moreover, in many counties some of the larger schools, especially the secondary schools, report primarily to the State school authorities rather than to the county superin¬ tendent’s office. In such cases the county superintendents found it difficult to provide data for all the schools of their counties. A major problem throughout this survey was the large number of school districts involved. Many of them were relatively inde¬ pendent of the county superintendent’s office. Careful directions were given to report all pertinent data for every public school located within the county’s boundaries. The plan provided for the exclusion of data relating to children living within the county but attending schools outside the county, and the inclusion of data for pupils living in adjacent counties but attending schools within the respondent county. Despite explicit directions on these matters, many of the original reports were incomplete. As a result, it became necessary to collect separate reports from superintendents in charge of some of these independent rural or town school systems. Also, in many cases supplementary facts had to be gathered from the State Departments of Education for some local districts as well as for entire counties. In a few cases, the data for all or most of the rural counties were supplied by the State school authorities. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 19 The various facts cited made it necessary to instruct the re¬ sponding superintendents that if exact data could not be supplied in the form requested, then “carefully prepared current estimates will be accepted.” In some cases, carefully prepared estimates were compiled from the files or publications of the several State depart¬ ments of education. Wherever such estimates were necessary, every possible precaution was taken to make sure that the data accepted were not only complete but highly representative of the true facts. Since the recorded facts supplied were not always dif¬ ferentiated from those estimated, they could obviously not be identified in this report. All of the facts presented in this report are for the school year 1955-56. Most of the State school authorities require that the county schools make their annual report by the following October 1. However, a given county report could not be compiled until the essential data had been received from all of its component districts. A lagging report from one or more districts, or an incorrect one, frequently delayed the completion of the county report. Occasion¬ ally, these delays stretched into months. The questionnaires for the rural county survey were sent out early in April of 1957. After extensive followup activities most of the county superintendents had responded by the middle of May 1957. Efforts were then made to get data from the laggard counties by field visits to the several States. In a few cases, the essential data had to be collected directly from the local districts comprising individual counties. Through correspondence with the counties, by the tireless cooperation of the State departments of education, and by research into a wide variety of supplementary sources, accept¬ able data were finally compiled for all the schools of the 1,199 counties selected for this rural county survey. As the forms came in they were immediately checked for completeness, for internal consistency, and for accuracy of information. The missing data were collected and inaccuracies were corrected. The useable forms were then tabulated according to a prearranged plan and the data posted by States and by groups of counties classified on the basis of ruralness. For a few States, the acceptable facts could not be obtained and tabulated until a year or more after the survey was initiated. Organisation of This Report The statistical facts produced by this survey are presented in three types of tables — detailed tables, summary tables, and analyt¬ ical tables. The bulk of the report is given in the detailed tables 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 (tables 3 and 4). These present, in considerable detail, certain personnel data (table 3) and financial facts (table 4) compiled for each of the 1,199 counties. The counties, classified into groups based upon ruralness, are arranged by geographic regions and by States. These detailed data will permit the school authorities, as well as the general reader, to find a wide variety of comparable school facts for the individual counties. The 28 columns of data presented will facilitate comparisons, not only among the counties within a given group or State, but also between those of two or more groups or States. Moreover, used cautiously, the detailed personnel data (table 3) for a county of a given State can be re¬ lated to selected financial data (table 4) of the same county, thus making it possible to derive a number of comparable county indexes of educational conditions. (See tables 1 through 4, pp. 68-155.) National summary data for all of the 1,199 counties of the 38 States involved in this survey are presented in tables 1 and 2. The chief function of these summary tables is to enable the reader to see quickly, by groups of rural counties, the different levels of education provided in the 1,199 counties of this rural survey, the total staff employed, the total pupils served, and the total funds collected and spent for maintaining the public schools of these rural counties. These summary tables offer quick nationwide answers to many questions relating to the rural schools involved in this study. For example, table 1 will provide enlightenment on the following : How many of these rural counties had kindergarten, elementary, secondary, junior college, and adult education programs in 1955-56? How large were these programs in terms of schools, staff and enrollment? How many administrators, principals, and classroom teachers were serving the schools of these rural counties ? Similarly, table 2 provides over-all answers to such fiscal ques¬ tions as: How much money was received and spent during the school year 1955-56 by the 1,199 rural counties? How were re¬ ceipts and expenditures divided among the groups of rural coun¬ ties? What were the chief sources from which school revenues were obtained? How did the rural counties allocate these funds among the several budget accounts ? The detailed and summary data presented in these basic tables (tables 1 through 4) are supplemented and made more meaningful by a series of analytical tables scattered through the text (tables C through S). Most of these tables present data for the 4 groups of rural counties arranged by States and regions. The purpose of LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 21 these text tables (C through S) is : (1) to highlight certain signifi¬ cant facts revealed by the survey, (2) to illustrate how the de¬ tailed data (tables 3 and 4) may be used, and (3) to provide bench marks against which the various groups of rural counties within a State can be compared. To facilitate the last named process, data are presented in most of these text-tables for two groups of the largest cities within each State,9 and for the entire States.10 Some Outstanding Findings of the Survey A survey entailing 1,199 different counties, located in 38 States, naturally produces a large body of statistical facts. Only a few of these statistics could be selected here for consideration, and these, of necessity, had to be reduced to indexes of educational conditions rather than examined in detail. Selected aspects of the welter of data collected will later be subjected to more intensive study and supplementary reports will be released. The indexes of educational conditions chosen for this report, by way of illustration, are presented in 17 tables (tables C through S) . Despite some important variations in State and local accounting practices and in terminology, the index data computed are believed to be fairly comparable not only for the 4 groups of rural counties but with similar indexes for the large cities* 11 and in most cases, with data for the States as wholes.12 Where significant variations obtruded, adjustments were made, if possible, or they were noted in the text or in the tables or both. The indexes of educational conditions computed for these tables consist chiefly of averages, ratios, and percentages. As such, they approximate the midpoint between extremes, thus hiding many of the significant facts. In many cases, the reader can determine similar indexes for the individual counties from the tables giving more of the details (tables 3 and 4). Grade Enrollment and Average Daily Attendance During the school year 1955-56, there were enrolled in the public schools of the 1,199 counties selected for this rural school survey a 9 U. S. Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States : 1954-56, Chap¬ ter 3, Section I, Statistics of Local School Systems : 1955-56, Cities. 10 U. S. Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1954-56, Chap¬ ter 2, Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils and Finances, 1955-56. 11 See footnote 9. 12 See footnote 10. Table C. — Percent of pupils enrolled attending daily,1 public elementary and secondary day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Entire State (elemen¬ tary and second¬ ary com¬ bined)1 © 89.1 88.3 xoxt-t-© MOOHOOO ©©XX©© 89.3 — '■'*,T}©©© ©00X0000 05©© 00 OO OO 00 00 00 00 00 OO © 00 00 Rural County Group All groups Second¬ ary 3 88.8 91 .2 © 05 1- t- X © 50 03 t- 00 (N T}< 00 00 00 00 03 03 89 .3 05 © 05 t- 00 1- — < O r- © 1-1 X X— 100 05 OOOOX-HOOXoi © © t— © © © x © © x © © Elemen¬ tary © 87.3 91 .3 ©05 03010© ■.000000 0500 © 05 — I C«3 >0 -'^ 0000 0000 00 0000 050000 O CO --H 03 O ' T}> §w «- Si c3 V * es fl OQ 0.0 5 o-O c| “ c o S 01 is* \< . o-2 5 6S ooStj M ft I III “I- oJ © © P5io^-h _ 05 I ’ T3 ® fl s 03 03 >» >» 1 1 a | - © c3 0 ® a >* ri~i ® * T3 c8 © T3+» •ss ® 2 o 0 0 03 c3T3 tj a e ® ®s TJ c3 gs -si ® >» II o -+3 3 b -S’O _ d og a 8 43 -e 73 © gT3 ® ® ® 0 b£ o3T> oo©rjiO t^©00*Ol<©iO IIOHMOOOMOIO OOOOCOCSOSINOOOO© l 00 00 t". OJ -Ot~iO t>.©©iO*i00000©00t^ — I -*00©CO> ft'-"' 3 41 o bo 1.1 — ® ? S b§ 5 >> 03 03 2% S| >> — a a) "O "O 3 3 29 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 would seem fair to suggest that in county or city groups where the high school enrollment is 20 percent or less of the total enrollment (indexes of 20 or lower), the role of the high school is below par. On the other hand, where the indexes are 25 or above, the role of the high school is above par. On this basis the indexes for the rural counties of several States (table E, col. 11) — Maine, New Hampshire (one county), Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, South Carolina, Arizona (one county) — fall short. Those for some of the large cities in these and other States likewise fall to 20 and below. On the other hand, the rural counties of 4 States — Wisconsin, Utah, Minnesota, and Oklahoma — recorded indexes of 28 and more; those of 8 others ranged between 25 and 27. Those for the cities usually reflect a degree of secondary school effectiveness similar to those for the rural coun¬ ties of the same States. In some cases, however, the indexes for the cities fall lower than for the counties. This is more often true for Group I than for Group II cities. The data presented in table E lead to the conclusion that rural children, for the most part, have opportunity to attend the sec¬ ondary schools about as often as children in the cities. Moreover, the rural children seem about equally to take advantage of such opportunity. Pupils Per Teacher in Rural Schools Another issue which commonly comes to mind when educational conditions are under analysis is the number of pupils enrolled per teacher. To throw light upon this issue, pupil-teacher ratios were computed for the 4 groups of counties of each of the 38 States (table F). For purposes of comparison, State by State data were also compiled for the two groups of large cities. In this table the secondary school enrollments include grades 7 and 8 wherever these form parts of the junior high school organization (as in table D). The optimum number of pupils enrolled per teacher is often debated, but it is widely assumed that this number should be about 30 for the elementary school and 25 for the secondary school. With these norms in mind, a glance at the national (38 States) ratios reveals that those for the rural counties, especially those for Groups A (most rural) and B, fall considerably lower than these assumed optimum norms. For all groups of rural counties they are 28.1 for the elementary schools and 19.1 for the secondary schools. Many States, especially those of the North Central and LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 31 West regions, show a very low average number of pupils enrolled per teacher. For example, the elementary schools of Group A counties of Wyoming, Nebraska, and Montana averaged 15 or fewer pupils per teacher, which is half of the assumed norm; in South Dakota, North Dakota, Colorado, and Kansas these ratios fall between 16 and 19. In a few States, especially in the South, there are well over 30 pupils per teacher. For the secondary schools the average number of pupils per rural teacher for most States was found to be 20 or lower. All of the southern States except Mississippi, Texas, and the Group C and D (least rural) counties of Oklahoma show slightly higher ratios. When compared to the pupil-teacher ratios of the schools of the large cities, the smallness of those for the most rural group stands out in practically all cases, except in some of the States of the South. The averages for the elementary schools of the cities in more than half of the States, especially those for the Group I cities, exceed 30 pupils per classroom teacher. Those for the secondary schools of the large cities likewise fall near 25, the norm often assumed as desirable for this level of education. The very low pupil-teacher ratios shown for the rural counties, especially in the secondary schools, reflect the basic causes of some of the most persistent and difficult problems the rural schools have to meet. Since the salary paid to the teachers is the chief com¬ ponent of the per pupil cost, few pupils per teacher tend to keep the salaries low, to load more grade and subject assignments upon each teacher, and to inhibit the number and quality of the instruc¬ tional services offered. Of course, low pupil-teacher ratios could have the advantage of providing more individualized instruction, but this advantage is too often lost through many classes, short class periods, lack of competition, etc. Men on Rural Teaching Staffs For many reasons there is today much interest in the propor¬ tions of the public school teaching staffs which are male and female. This issue is, therefore, a proper concern of this survey. It enters the school situation at a number of significant points. A reasonable proportion of men is needed on the rural teaching staffs to provide youth with a desirable educational environment. Men are also needed to teach agriculture and other important fields in which women are less adept, and they are needed to provide a more family-like situation in the schools. Questions concerned with the proportion of male teachers in rural areas also arise in connection Table F. — Pupil-teacher ratio 1 in public elementary 2 and secondary* day schools, for groups of rural counties, and large cities, by region and State: 1955-56 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 City group - Second¬ ary w 25 .0 23.6 24.2 23.3 24.0 25.4 64 54 54 OS eD -1 •© 10 co oo © os us os oo -eo -oo 54 54 54 54 54 54—164 -54 • — • Elemen¬ tary th 33 .0 30.6 27.2 29.8 35.4 33.8 eo eo 54 r- eo 54 eo 54 -os -so ■*t< 54 eo eo -s* eo eo 10 -54 eo eo eo eo eo eo eo eo -eo -eo Second¬ ary CO 23.7 VZZ 54 Tf C4 O i-i — * 54 54 CO 54 54 54 54 C4 54 23 .3 54^*— *CD©tN.54©i0^t*©54 54^©^54C05454©C0r-54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 64 54 54 54 Elemen¬ tary 54 30.3 eo e© 54 loot^t^eoco COOOOtO© — 00 54 eo 54 C4 eo 29.5 CONMOSOOOOOSCOCDi-h 00Tj»OTt< t^OCOCMCMCOa>iOCOC5TjHOi Elemen¬ tary o 28.1 *7 05 54 lO — 1 l-H o OOC4COO©© 54 54 54 00 54 54 II „ ll « 1 M |l iO — 1— it^00©-cf<‘OC4 5400— i »OCMCO©a6t^©COt^CO*OTi< CMCOCMi-hCMCMCM^^hCOi-hCM Q Second¬ ary O' 19.6 05 54 21.8 17.9 OOC054' rH^rHrHCMHCMH 'NHH Elemen¬ tary VO 29.1 25.1 oocoo©co*o — 1© -©ooeo *0 ^ CM © © N» 00 iO • rH O Tf CM CO CM »-H CM CM CM rH • CO t-h CM II « Second¬ ary uo 17.5 19.1 00 05 00 CO ■>* O l-H CM CM CM *-h CM i-h CM CM 16.3 CCCOCOOOOCDt^OOiOt^t^t^ ©©CMi-»©00©Tt-CMCO T*<©CO©©COt-<©OOCOCOCO CMCMCM^CMCMCOi-h^COi-hCM <1 Second¬ ary CO 18.8 21 .9 OS • CM • 16.5 e-^ioeocoeoeoi^eoeoeor'. ©©CMCMCM*C©^CO00Tt<00 Elemen¬ tary 54 27 .4 30.1 O • CO • 22.2 t^T^CD^©T-ir-HCilO^©tO COCMCM©t^*^OOTtQOlNO T-l CO FI CO -H T»<©co©oo©oor~©©^H© '©IN IN Tf IN© iOO-MNt^©©©COOO© ©^©^© — ©eo t- t- oo © in © co OOO ©©©©©© 00 I! © M I © ©00®0 o6©©-H©^,©o6t>©t>;© ©O00©C0e0©00.©©t-icoco©co cooo©©©©©coeoco(N© i-l 1-H -H©©©'-H ©OOCOCOTfi-OCON©COrt(NN -©IN© © T}< 00 1-1 — I COt^TfO®CO C0©^«'t©iNr^T}iTj<©CTi © ©' co* ^ ^ ©’ © 4 ® a g rvt « t^co^i'eo©©©oo©eo©© co©eoeoeoT}ieoi-i^Ht^rH(N 0©©©00>§ •I 1 & & § § ss££££ §1- IS Jill o3« : C3.S ~*Q -Q « LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 39 S £ o U - O CL © M § •§ *2 -p 3 2 O' a § s C *“ d M T3.2-S e-SS 73 «3 bC © |°s «*3 2 o' 53 43-0 flC# O " “ ‘■S >>2 ■3 A E § &- 383 ® c3 . ® l^A c3+? e >>~ • cb 03 b£-if as 3, C 3 o3 1-3 III! •c 2 . — .® ® aI|2*g^ !-s|°1»I 3 >> O "£ !jl° .|a - Ej!r-3s-i © C c3 O 3 2 c 2 © CD C CD 03 CD Table I. — Average enrollment and number of classroom teachers per school 1 in public elementary day schools, for groups of rural counties, and large cities, by region and State: 1955-56 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 41 ©‘CO'X? od to 05 “3 lOCOiO — tO to tO tO NN 050 05 00 05 05 — C0e0 05e0 05 f005(M05Tj<000505t^i.O ©05totoeot^05eoto — ©•*}0 0505t0 i0rt<05 00 — t0t'.'*005 •tfCOTfCCiOiOCOtOO-tf ot^toto — toioooeotf lot'-ooco-tfoeoos-^to 05e0t00505t000©0505 00 — *OtO — ©OOtOt^t^ tooos — t^oooeoeot'- rH(N(NrtrHM CO- — ■^toofot^eod^ — io y© to oo 05 to ^ cm ^ — to to lOOOONMtOOOMO -00 05e0 — O — CO t^C505CD005 — 0>t>-00 HNN-HlN'^'-ICCrtrH C0f~t^©05t00505©C0 ■.CC'^(NCOO5f0t^ N WN tj< 05 eO OO—i to t^r-» to to ~ to 050 lor^to C0t^Tt. — 00©t~ t^f^tO-tfeOiOeOtOtO© t^OOtO-^ — — 00 05t~ tOtO — ©0500t0 — C0«O I00005t0000f>.e005a0 tOtOtO-tf'tf-^eOiO'^iO ■>*O5CO00tOO5O5tOiOC5 ©tOtOi005Tt005 io to to oo > 05 05 05 05 • < — 05 00 <10 00 05 — OO^— — 0500Tt-> 05 — — eo — eo „ 05 05 eoeo — eo-tf tO O 05 00 to 131 is ■ O • w © • c3 - Ah J §^2d5s§ -ao gs: ojs o te o •r'S’S > o3 13 >5 ° JD . m 1 1 I” C o M a) — • - * M ft O — OJ* a 2 ® 1 j! 3 ‘-I 2 li- " 3 "3 es 2 ~ o i o m fc a 2 ® ®.D ® 2 (h a> pQ • r o >> il 3 1 13 s-s O (, S.2 *2 >»: a !* 2t3 • a> «T3 • SS - > £ *^_2 p2 £ "’m Table J. — Average enrollment and number of classroom teachers per school 1 in public secondary day schools for groups of rural counties and large cities, by region and State: 1955-56 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 43 §1 0-2 «4-. 5 e-f o *- S3 § s >*a 5 >> T3J2 a o ~o . S ®ti - ► * S 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 for all groups of rural counties of the States of the North Central and West regions and those of some of the States of the South — South Carolina, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Georgia. The fact that in the South, even minus the single-district-counties, the schools tend to be larger than in the other regions, suggests that rural school consolidation and transportation developments have both been easier to effect and have made greater progress in the South than in the States commonly associated with the “wide open spaces.” When the average instructional staffs are compared for the various groups of rural counties, and contrasted with those of the cities, much the same picture of smallness emerges as that shown for enrollment. For all groups of rural counties (table H, col. 11), the average staff numbered 4.4; for Group II cities it was 21.3 and for the Group I cities it was 28.8. Every group of rural counties reveals one or more States with average staffs of 2 or fewer per school. For the Group II cities of a few States, these averages fall below 15 ; for the Group I cities they rise to 30 and more. Indexes of school size by enrollment and teaching staff (class¬ room teachers) are also presented separately for the elementary schools (table I) and secondary schools (table J). The average enrollments for the elementary schools are, in most cases, smaller than those for the secondary schools. The same is true when the average number of classroom teachers per school are compared. The differences noted, no doubt, result in part from the fact that so many of the rural elementary schools continue to be of the 1-teacher type and in part from the greater success in centralizing the rural high schools. This does not mean to say that the rural secondary schools are large enough to do satisfactorily the various tasks expected of them. In many of the States of the North Central and West re¬ gions, the rural high school teaching staffs continue to be very small in relation to the role they are expected to play. In several States, 4 to 6 teachers form the average teaching staff of the high schools. Such small staffs are called upon to prepare rural youth for college, for farming, for homemaking, for citizenship, and a wide variety of other needs of life. By way of contrast, most of the States and the large cities show average teaching staffs of 30 or more per high school. The data presented in the detailed table (table 3, cols. 3-8) would permit computations of school size for each of the 1,199 counties similar to those given in table H. These will provide local indexes of educational conditions comparable with those presented here by groups of counties. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 45 Table K. — Total number of school districts and number in rural counties, operating and nonoperating, as percent of total, by region and State: 1956-57 1 2 Districts in rural counties Region and State Total number districts in State Total (Cols. 4 and 5) Number Operating Non¬ operating Percent of Total (Col. 3-r- Col. 2) i 2 3 4 5 6 38 States . 51 ,763 25,957 21,152 4,805 50.1 Northeast . 5,852 467 259 208 8.0 Maine . 484 88 81 7 18.2 353 7 7 2.0 New Hampshire . 229 17 15 2 7.4 New York . 1,670 52 39 13 3.1 Pennsylvania . 2,858 257 2 74 183 9.0 Vermont . 258 46 43 3 17.8 North Central . 34 ,999 21 ,264 16,962 4,302 60.8 Illinois . 1,993 410 393 17 20.6 Indiana . 1,030 336 317 19 32.6 Iowa . 3,665 2,483 1,573 910 67.7 Kansas . 3,140 1,659 1,488 171 52.8 Michigan . 3,214 1,383 1,172 211 43.0 Minnesota . 3,479 2,742 2,046 696 78.8 Missouri . 3,234 2,406 1,761 645 74.4 Nebraska . 4,942 3,622 2,873 749 73.3 North Dakota . 1,998 1,525 1,285 240 76.3 Ohio . 1,168 259 258 1 22.2 South Dakota . 3,288 2,342 1,724 618 71.2 Wisconsin . 3,848 2,097 2,072 25 54.5 South . 4.988 2,428 2,398 30 48.7 Alabama . 112 29 29 25.9 Arkansas . 423 339 338 1 80.1 Georgia . 198 29 29 14.6 Kentucky . 221 104 104 47.1 Mississippi . 161 121 121 75.2 North Carolina . 173 63 63 36 4 Oklahoma . 1,643 870 866 4 53.0 South Carolina . 107 42 42 39.3 Tennessee . 151 62 62 41 1 Texas . 1,799 769 744 25 42.7 West . 5,924 1,798 1,533 265 30.4 Arizona . 253 15 15 5 . 9 California . 1,840 169 168 1 9.2 Colorado . 936 541 409 132 57.8 Idaho . 168 76 69 7 45.2 Montana . 1,149 630 524 106 54.8 New Mexico . 95 32 32 33.7 Oregon . 726 142 127 15 19.6 Utah . 40 5 5 12.5 Washington . 471 104 103 1 22.1 Wyoming . 246 84 81 3 34.1 1 Source U. S. Bureau of the Census. Governments in the United States, No. 1 of Vol. I, 1957, supplemented by files of the Governments Division. 2 “Operating districts” consists of total number of jointures within rural counties plus operat¬ ing districts not part of the jointures. Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 A great many additional comparisons and contrasts could be pointed out in the size of the average enrollments and staffs of both the elementary and secondary schools serving the rural counties. Those cited will suffice to show how the data revealed may be used. Generally speaking, rural schools are small schools. They are the natural product of scattered homes, local autonomy, and expediency in educational planning. Large rural schools reflect successful efforts to develop State and local plans of school con¬ solidation, to provide free transportation, and to organize more comprehensive programs of education. Number and Size of Rural School Districts In any discussion of rural education, a factor standing out with peculiar prominence is the large number of local school districts. True, this number has in recent years shown a marked decline. In total there were 108,579 such districts in 1942, 56,346 in 1952, and 50,446 in 1957.15 Thus, in 15 years more than half of the local school districts have disappeared. This reduction has occurred almost exclusively in rural communities through the establishment of centralized school districts — consolidations, unions, jointures, community schools, county-units, and special school districts of various types. The 1,199 counties comprising this rural county survey involved a total of 25,957 local school districts (table K) . Of these, 21,152 were found to be operating schools, while 4,805 retained their legal identity but contracted with adjacent districts for the education of their children. The great bulk of both the operating and non¬ operating districts are found in the States of the North Central region. The proportion of rural counties involved naturally makes a difference here. The rural counties from Nebraska included in this survey involved (table K, col. 4) 2,873 operating school dis¬ tricts and those from Wisconsin and Minnesota each involved more than 2,000 such districts. In the South only Texas and Okla¬ homa and in the West only Colorado and Montana reported as many as 500 operating districts within the rural counties selected for this survey. When the total number of districts of both the rural and nonrural counties are considered (col. 2), eight of the North Central States are found to have more than 3,000 local school districts each. Data are also presented (table L) to show the average number of operating school districts over which the county superintendents 15 U. S. Bureau of the Census, Governments In the United States, no. 1, vol. 1, 1957, p. 1. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 47 Table L. — Average number of operating school districts per rural county 1 by group, region and State: 1956-572 3 Rural county group Region and State All groups A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 17.6 19 .4 11.7 21 .3 20 .0 10.4 5.0 9.9 27 .0 20.3 18.0 27.0 7.0 7.0 15.0 15.0 9.8 9.8 6.9 5.0 6.7 10.8 10.8 27.9 28.5 17 .9 36.2 32 .0 13.6 11.5 16.4 11.0 10.5 9.3 8.5 7.3 11.8 9.9 22.8 19.0 21.9 23.4 24.7 Kansas . 23.6 27.2 16.5 48.5 31.6 Michigan . 31.7 38.4 15.8 61.5 46.6 Minnesota . 31.5 27.0 17.6 40.0 34.3 Missouri . 20.0 19.3 11.7 23.0 23.6 Nebraska . 42.3 39.6 26.4 94.8 56.8 North Dakota . 29.2 28.4 26.0 44.8 Ohio . 10.3 10.1 10.8 11.5 9.4 South Dakota . 35.9 33.5 22.8 66.3 57.3 Wisconsin . 53.1 54.8 10.6 50.9 72.5 South . 5.7 5.2 3.8 6.7 6.7 Alabama . 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.5 Arkansas . 5.5 4.3 4.7 5.9 6.6 Georgia . 2.1 1.5 2.3 2.0 Kentucky . 2.3 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.2 Mississippi . 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.8 2.5 North Carolina . 2.5 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.5 Oklahoma . 19.7 21.1 9.8 24.6 17.6 South Carolina . 3.5 3.5 2.5 4.3 3.3 Tennftssfifi . 2.6 4.3 2.0 2.0 2.5 Texas . 6.8 6.1 3.9 11.2 8.8 West . 10.5 14.5 8.3 11.8 18.5 Arizona . 15.0 15.0 California . 15.3 10.7 20.0 24.3 Colorado . 11.1 14.3 8.3 24.2 Idaho . 3.8 8.0 3.3 5.0 4.0 Montana . 14.6 16.8 12.5 8.0 26.0 New Mexico . 2.9 2.0 2.9 4.0 Oregon . 11.5 5.0 11.8 14.0 Utah . 2.5 2 . 5 W ashington 9.4 7.4 29.0 Wyoming . 10.1 17.0 7.0 14.5 1 Total number of operating districts in rural counties, as of January 1957, divided by number of such counties. 2 Source of data on operating school districts : U. S. Bureau of the Census, files of the Gov¬ ernments Division. 3 Number of operating districts consists of total number of jointures within rural counties plus operating districts not part of the jointures. Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 usually have administrative and supervisory responsibility. The nonoperating districts (table K, col. 5) are also under his jurisdic¬ tion and need some administrative attention, but only the operating districts maintain schools. For all groups of rural counties, the average number of school districts per county was 17.6 for the Nation (38 States) ; for the Northeast it was 10.4; for the North Central, 27.9; for the South, 5.7 ; and for the West, 10.5 (table L, col. 2). The highest indexes are found in the North Central States and the lowest in the South. As has already been pointed out in the discussion of tables G, H, and I, many questions concerned with rural education hinge upon the size of the rural school, which in turn depends upon the size of the administrative unit. Smallness brings with it certain natural educational limitations or advantages, depending upon the point of view. In any case, smallness creates distinctive rural school problems which must be solved in ways different from those in the large cities, where large schools and comprehensive systems of education are the rule. To throw more light upon the role of the size of the administra¬ tive district in the rural counties, two additional types of indexes were compiled, viz, the average number of schools per local school district, and the average number of pupils attending public school within each district (table M) . Despite the fact that in this survey a school plant housing both an elementary and a high school is counted as two schools, and one organized into three parts — ele¬ mentary, junior high, and senior high — is counted as three schools, the total number of schools per district is small. The statistics presented show clearly that, with the exception of the South, most of the States average 1 or 2 schools per school district (table M, col. 2) in the rural counties. In Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Kentucky, the average number of schools per operating district ranged between 15 and 25, indicating a trend in the South toward units of rural school administration which are larger than that for the total 38 States. It appears that the several degrees of ruralness represented in the four classes of rural coun¬ ties show no significant differences in the number of schools per district. Another and perhaps more meaningful index of the size of the rural school district is the average number of children found in the public schools of each district (table M, cols. 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) . To derive these indexes the total school enrollment in each group of rural counties of each State was divided by the total number of operating school districts. The indexes resulting show that nation- LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 49 wide (38 States) the average school district of the most rural counties (Group A) had a total of 148 children enrolled; this index increased to 248 children in the least rural (Group D) counties and 200 for all rural counties. There are wide variations in these in¬ dexes among the several States. In most of the States of the South the average number of school children per rural school district ran into the thousands; in some of the North Central States — Ne¬ braska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Kansas, and Wisconsin — fewer than 100 pupils per school district is common. It should be remembered that there are still about 35,000 1-teacher schools in the United States and that in most cases the 1-teacher school is the only school serving the school district in which it is located. Most of the 2-teacher, 3-teacher, and even larger rural schools likewise serve but one district each. However, the growth of secondary education in rural communities has tended to increase the number of schools per district to two or three, depending upon the prevalence of the 8-4, 6-6, or 6-3-3 plan of organization. In many cases secondary education is provided in rural areas by contract with the larger schools located in adjacent districts. Salaries of Rural School Staffs The educational issue which, in recent years, has increasingly aroused public concern is the adequacy of the salaries paid the pro¬ fessional staffs manning the public schools of the Nation and of the individual States. It has been widely contended that the lowest salaries are usually paid in rural communities and that this fact seriously affects the quality of the instruction made available to rural children. What are the facts? How large are the average salaries paid the instructional staffs employed in the rural areas of the United States ? How do the salaries paid in the most rural counties com¬ pare with those paid in the least rural counties? How do these rural salaries compare with those paid in the largest cities of the same State or in the State as a whole? Data have been compiled (table N) to answer these and similar salary questions for the school year 1955-56. Salaries could not readily be computed separately for classroom teachers, and they could not be broken down for the elementary and secondary schools. The data presented (table N) are, there¬ fore, for the total instructional staffs, which include supervisors, principals, classroom teachers and other instructional personnel Table M. — Average number of schools 1 and enrollment per operating school district 2 in rural counties , by group, region and State: 1955-56 3 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1954-56 © -so COt~t>00— 0 oo-^cooo-^i^diocoeoTfo •—i co "—i -Hrtd co d •<1< CO 00 CD <-c T* d" — < -H d CO d Tj-ideo‘005coco rtCOf-i HHH CO loeot-— ici^Tf^HOs— nod rtdNHHHrtHHdHH .3 ’ a O 3 * co c- io >o co t'- or^oscoooi-. d-H-iioco^ COONOiOOlOSHOOd dOCONCOCUOCOfOdMOO d ^ r-H-lT-1 lO eo eo oo co d -4< d -H ri d CO d (diodeoeoiododioeo 3a-*g 'u>5kO'r a ® 5? o •2 1 * * g g - c3 .23 fl O o3 eiiia Q "55 w a -3 O .5-5 is s.g.s.a*s Sia alStSMSSSfcfcO< 819 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES -<©— icoio-<}< in in-hmV eoei 00— i‘OCO>OOC-tJ,OOiD «o eo -I o> «o ^ -h o> eo ci -*©•<*<©©©— 'COOJCO f~00(N — © -C0Oo ®- © ’S.S 60 S o «* 33— ft B ®n3 s -2°b O 03 '£ Ob® .2 2 & -0 .2+» Q _ 'w O rrt o c o o _ g 43 o ® w s .3-gd MC.Si . .2 .2 -£»•” W \ 0 a 3 O O fc. q; ®°©.£ | gjllg n 0„ ^ (» o t, +S C3 § £ C § "2 2 « ” S S * g © ts.g .2-5 c 73 >0 c3 _ ■o o 2 *- i3 © ©X! M © a g>, 43^5 •*^43 3 © g m-o-S 2 §5*b > g ® .2 2 co ^3 ®"S g1? H -a^2 - ’o.S" S O c3 © © a >, 51 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table N. — Average annual salary per member of total instructional staff 1 2 3 4 5 in full-time public day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 Rural county group City group Entire Region and State A B C D All groups II I State i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $2873 $3427 $3092 $3210 $3137 $4750 $5392 $4155 3360 3738 2760 3689 4737 5722 4719 2 3060 2760 2978 3885 2881 3519 3519 4606 5156 4337 3297 3297 4085 3510 4375 4375 5239 6036 5277 3360 3710 3694 4537 5033 5 4400 2970 2970 4082 3105 2969 3305 3248 3309 3193 4896 5489 4151 3430 3565 3595 3540 3556 4856 2 6111 4 4757 Indiana . 3678 3543 3753 3939 3797 5138 5160 4376 Iowa . 2825 2975 2 3016 2 3039 2985 2 4360 4972 3181 Kansas . 3329 3383 3384 3443 3383 2 4176 2 4313 3673 Michigan . 3729 3754 2 3919 3990 3851 2 5612 2 6101 4711 Minnesota . 2 3288 3370 2 3281 2 3555 3400 2 5277 5457 4121 Missouri . 2680 2926 2798 2790 2756 2 4159 2 4956 3520 Nebraska . 2631 2930 2698 2783 2743 4219 4565 3171 North Dakota . 2702 2932 2811 2774 4166 5 2929 Ohio . 3335 3664 3669 3580 3558 4821 5158 4337 South Dakota . 2721 2711 2797 2757 2734 3888 2943 Wisconsin . 2 3196 3199 3260 2 3317 3259 4881 5136 4127 South . 2721 3033 2886 3016 2899 3748 4220 3316 Alabama . 3073 3201 3345 3169 3510 4123 3386 Arkansas . 2070 2272 2193 2248 2189 2908 3449 2378 Georgia . 2808 3001 2948 2953 3259 3628 3161 Kentucky . 2132 2372 2317 2386 2283 3603 4410 2698 Mississippi . 4 2341 4 2479 4 2346 4 2467 4 2378 3001 2436 North Carolina . 3223 3183 3338 3318 3283 3826 4245 3400 Oklahoma . 3435 3326 3448 3484 3450 3963 4255 3703 South Carolina 2679 2695 2829 2827 2776 3582 3005 Tennessee . 2660 2658 2762 2792 2750 4054 3950 3156 Texas . 3663 3664 3730 3745 3710 4184 4436 3983 West . . 3455 3889 4028 3887 3863 5320 5672 4748 Arizona . 4177 4177 5055 2 5160 4472 California . 4563 4708 4851 4710 2 5782 2 6096 5243 Colorado 3199 3320 3449 3363 4345 5090 4012 Idaho 3461 3502 3573 3269 3462 3515 3550 Montana . 3498 3724 3704 3802 3677 4770 3633 New Mexico 4127 4072 4319 4125 4807 4492 Oregon . 4788 4360 4185 4327 4735 4596 4423 Utah . 3739 3739 4057 4155 3922 W ashington 4208 4079 4184 2 5157 4929 4554 Wyoming 2918 3495 3947 3633 4424 3851 1 Includes principals, supervisors, classroom teachers, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff such as guidance officers, librarians, etc. Does not include clerks. 2 Salary base may include small amount of expenditures for salaries of junior college teachers. (See table 4 for specific counties involved). 3 Estimated. 4 Includes local administrative personnel. 5 Includes some local superintendents ; excludes kindergarten teachers. Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5 ; city groups I and II, footnotes, page 24. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 53 except the comparatively few clerks assisting the instructional staff. It should be remembered here that in rural schools it is often difficult to say who is a member of the instructional staff and who is concerned chiefly with problems of school administration. Efforts were made to place the local superintendents, principals, and super¬ visors into the category to which they devoted half or more of their time. But to determine the salaries paid required much research and many estimates. The averages finally derived are, however, believed to be true to fact and comparable, especially among the rural counties and groups of counties. The average salaries paid the instructional staffs of the rural schools have increased greatly in recent years. Due to losses in purchasing power (estimated to be about 15 percent), this was, however, not a net gain in terms of dollars. It is to be noted that for all groups of rural counties (table N, col. 6) the National (38 States) average instructional staff salary was $3,137 in 1956; a roughly comparable figure for 1948 based on 3616 States was $2,086. Those for the large cities in 1956 were $4,750 for Group II and $5,392 for Group I; in 1948 comparable figures were $3,085 and $3,803, respectively. Computations show that the salaries of rural school staffs increased 50.4 percent during the 8-year interval while those in the cities increased 54.0 and 41.8 percent, respec¬ tively, for the two groups. Thus, the instructional staff salaries have increased materially in recent years in both rural and urban areas. For the Nation (38 States) as a whole, therefore, the data pre¬ sented by this survey support the contention that the average salaries paid have been lowest, and continue to be lowest in the most rural counties. Moreover, it may be seen that except for the Group B counties, these salaries are generally highest in the least rural (Group D) counties and lowest in the most rural (Group A) counties. As has been pointed out, many of the Group B counties have comparatively few people living on farms and are, therefore, not typically rural. For the Nation, the average salary for Group A counties was $2,873, for Group C, $3,092, and for Group D counties it was $3,210. These differences are not large, but almost consistently in favor of the less rural counties. For example, in Wisconsin these averages for Groups A, C, and D ran $3,196, $3,260, $3,317; for Michigan, $3,729, $3,919, and $3,990; and for Tennessee, $2,660, $2,762, and $2,792. Oregon and Idaho proved to be exceptions to the trends noted. 16 U. S. Office of Education. Education in Rural and City School Systems, Circular No. 329, 1951, p. 6. 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Among the States large variations were found in the salaries paid in both the rural and the urban schools. The highest average salaries paid in all groups (table N, col. 6) of rural counties were: California, $4,710; New York, $4,375; Oregon, $4,327; Washing¬ ton, $4,184; Arizona (one county), $4,177; and New Mexico, $4,125. The lowest average salaries paid in these schools were: Arkansas, $2,189; Kentucky, $2,283; and Mississippi, $2,378. Summarizing the salary facts presented, it may be seen that the average salary of the instructional staff member in the least rural (Group D) counties was about 9 percent higher than in the most rural (Group A) counties; those in Group II cities were 65 percent higher, and those in Group I cities were 88 percent higher than in the most rural counties. In some States these differentials were even greater ; in others the differences were comparatively small. In rural and urban communities these salaries seem to have risen about equally in recent years. The States paying the highest salaries paid more than $4,000 in the rural counties, and those paying the lowest paid only a little more than half that amount. Salary data similar to those presented in table N can be computed for each of the 1,199 counties by dividing the total number of instructional staff positions (table 3, col. 3) into the total salaries and wages (table 4, col. 4) paid. The only difference is the inclu¬ sion in these detailed tables of data for clerks assigned to help the instructional staffs in the comparatively few counties employing such clerks. Since the number of such clerks and the salaries paid them were usually small, their inclusion would have little or no effect should comparative average salaries be computed. Per Pupil Expenditures in Rural Schools The most widely used index to determine the amount of money any school or group of schools invests in its program of public instruction is the amount spent per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance for what is known as “current expenditures” in full-time day schools (table 0) . These expenditures include all the expenditures which recur annually in operating a school. In order that these expenditures may be more fully understood in evaluating the data here presented, it would seem wise to consider carefully what is included and what is excluded in the “current expenditures.” They consist for purposes of this survey of the following six major accounts:17 (1) expenditures for instruction (salaries of princi- 17 See Appendix, Form II, Section B, together with instructions. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 55 Table O. — Current expenditures 1 per pupil in average daily attendance 2 3 in full-time day schools, for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 Rural county group City group Region and State A B C D All groups II I Entire State 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 38 States . $222 $288 $221 $229 $237 $305 $333 $299 260 311 180 303 332 392 368 8 245 180 226 216 222 330 330 304 336 328 314 314 274 283 436 436 403 421 426 260 286 285 319 337 333 229 229 230 263 282 301 283 275 283 325 323 310 295 336 321 293 319 343 8 350 353 Indiana . 264 254 239 256 254 281 299 291 Iowa . 311 321 8 314 8 271 310 8 284 298 299 Kansas . 348 367 329 320 348 8 243 8 246 295 Michigan . 301 302 8 265 265 291 8 392 8 349 330 Minnesota . * 317 333 * 304 8 309 311 8 342 359 325 Missouri . 227 238 228 221 226 8 272 8 311 264 Nebraska . 303 301 281 272 293 294 236 278 North Dakota . 283 281 261 279 265 287 Ohio . . 228 233 241 234 223 320 302 283 South Dakota . 310 296 295 301 305 240 309 Wisconsin . * 289 350 294 8 271 287 330 335 South . 163 196 169 179 174 203 222 205 Alabama . 163 170 169 167 162 182 188 Arkansas . 133 153 127 130 130 143 190 160 Georgia . 157 169 186 175 173 189 194 Kentucky . 136 119 143 152 136 197 251 168 Mississippi . 136 150 138 137 137 167 157 North Carolina . 163 167 166 170 167 198 271 189 Oklahoma . 258 290 258 244 254 207 225 249 South Carolina . 146 147 145 145 145 193 188 Tennessee . 151 150 154 161 156 227 197 189 Texas . 277 313 273 266 280 242 237 265 Wi»st . 417 357 290 320 345 330 355 352 Arizona . 343 343 312 8 343 312 California . 376 351 345 358 8 366 8 378 344 Colorado . 381 347 294 325 265 348 306 Idaho . 256 282 241 220 254 208 246 Montana . 454 386 323 366 393 271 349 New Mexico . 386 329 256 316 243 318 Oregon . 595 378 363 378 314 332 357 Utah . 256 256 227 222 241 Washington . 390 360 384 8 352 292 332 Wyoming. 511 390 402 404 268 345 1 In some cases, funds, such as tuition of transferred pupils not normally allocated to pupil cost, were included as current expenditures for full-time day schools and could not be isolated for adjustment. 3 Total current expenditures for full-time public day schools divided by average daily at¬ tendance. 8 May include small expenditures for junior colleges, teacher- training and other post-high Bchool activities. ( See table 4 for specific counties involved. ) Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5 ; city groups I and II, footnotes, page 24. 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 pals, supervisors, teachers, non-supervisory personnel, and clerks and sums spent for supplies, library books, textbooks, etc.) ; (2) expenditures for transporting pupils to and from their schools and the repair and replacement of busses; (3) expenditures for other auxiliary services (attendance, health, school lunches, and similar services) ; (4) expenditures for administration (salaries and ex¬ penses of local and county superintendents, school board members, and clerks, where these come from school funds, rather than municipal funds) ; (5) expenditures for operation and mainte¬ nance (janitorial salaries and expenses, repairs, and replace¬ ments) ; and (6) fixed charges allocated to pupil costs (retirement, insurance, rents, etc.). Current expenditures not allocable to pupil costs — tuition and transportation to other counties, adult educa¬ tion, summer school — were excluded from the total current ex¬ penditures used as a basis for computing per pupil costs. Where such nonallocable charges were reported by the county as part of the current expenditures for full-time day schools, the items were taken out insofar as they could be isolated for adjustment. Comparative data showing the amounts of money spent for public education in rural and urban communities are presented in five tables. The first, showing the average salaries paid the pro¬ fessional staffs, has already been discussed (table N) . The second, showing current expenditure indexes per pupil in average daily attendance are presented in table 0. The third will show similar indexes of expenditures going for instructional purposes only (table P). The fourth (table Q) will show the amounts of money going for pupil transportation, and the fifth (table R) will pro¬ vide, by way of summary, the percentage distribution for the six major functions. Before the total expenditures per pupil (table 0) can be under¬ stood, it must be borne in mind that the major part of this index is the product of two variables, viz, the salaries paid and the number of pupils per staff member. Other things being equal, where the salaries paid are high and the number of pupils per teacher is low, the per capita costs are likely to be high. Where the opposite conditions prevail — low salaries and high pupil-teacher ratios — the per pupil costs will be low. The interplay of these chief factors of comparable per capita costs can be readily discerned from the data presented in tables F and N. The data showing the current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance (table 0) range from a low in the most rural counties (Group A) of $133 in Arkansas to a high of $595 in Ore¬ gon (only 1 Oregon county in Group A). The expenditure indexes LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 57 of most of the rural groups of the Southeastern States are com¬ paratively low, ranging from $119 for Kentucky (Group B) to a high of $186 for the Group D counties of Georgia. Those of Texas and Oklahoma, States also grouped as parts of the South but influenced by the West, are distinctly higher. Those for the cities of the South are for the most part only slightly higher than those for the rural counties. Group II cities show a range from $148 to $242 per pupil, and Group I cities, from $182 to $271. In contrast, the average per pupil expenditures in the rural groups of the West range from $220 to $595; in the Group II cities of these States they range from $208 to $366, and in Group I cities, from $222 to $378. In the North Central and Northeastern States — New York, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois, Idaho, Minnesota, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Michigan — the average expenditures per pupil fre¬ quently exceed the $300 mark ; those of other States in these areas — Maine, Missouri, and Ohio — drop below $250. Owing to the fact that in the cities the pupil-teacher ratios adhere closely to the more or less accepted standards of 30 for the elementary and 25 for the secondary schools, the per pupil costs, for the most part, do not vary as much in the cities as those noted for the rural counties. Expenditures for Instruction in Rural Schools Another educational index, closely associated with teachers' salaries (table N) and per pupil current expenditures (table O), is the average expenditure for instruction only (table P) . This index includes the salaries paid the instructional staffs, plus expenses for the following essential aids to instruction: clerks, supplies, free textbooks, school libraries, and the like. Like the total per pupil cost, this index has an advantage over the salary index in the fact that it takes into account the number of pupils in average daily attendance. Since instruction is the major purpose of all education, it is generally held that the greater the proportion of the total ex¬ penditures found to be devoted to instructional services, the better. However, it is obvious that a child cannot receive the instruction dispensed by a school system unless the other school services needed at a particular time in his life are made available and effective to him. To overcome one of the major limitations, for example, free transportation must more often than elsewhere be provided as an essential part of the rural school program (table Q) . It is well to bear in mind that normally expenditures going into instruction constitute between 60 and 75 percent of the total cur¬ rent expenses. (See table R for percentage distributions.) This survey found that the least rural (Group D) counties and the cities 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table P. — Expenditures for instruction 1 per pupil in average daily attendance 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 in full-time public day schools for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 Rural county group City group Region and State Entire All State A B C D groups II I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 38 States . $150 $189 $152 $157 $160 $225 $241 $199 Northeast . 151 197 123 192 241 277 235 * 141 123 135 163 143 236 236 232 251 217 160 160 200 174 278 278 284 297 279 isi 185 184 224 234 4 201 144 144 176 157 North Central . 183 195 183 181 185 235 233 206 Illinois . 168 203 194 178 192 245 * 249 3 236 Indiana . 158 166 159 176 169 217 226 196 Iowa . 187 193 * 193 * 189 190 * 212 208 188 Kansas . « 245 « 259 e 247 • 230 6 248 * 182 * 188 204 Michigan . 182 189 * 178 182 183 * 279 3 259 222 Minnesota . * 196 194 * 194 * 198 197 3 266 242 209 Missouri . 141 148 144 142 143 * 197 3 219 175 Nebraska . 217 207 208 196 209 219 177 195 North Dakota . 196 196 184 194 195 7 194 Ohio . 150 154 162 153 154 223 217 189 South Dakota . 218 217 211 214 217 180 208 Wisconsin . * 185 204 187 * 184 187 243 233 217 South . 116 139 125 131 126 162 180 142 Alabama . 125 135 138 131 137 158 137 Arkansas . 87 103 90 91 90 115 153 98 Of*orgia . 112 125 133 127 129 156 138 Kentucky . 89 89 99 100 93 157 195 112 Mississippi . 5 95 5 104 5 97 5 98 5 96 128 100 North Carolina . 127 129 132 132 130 160 200 136 Oklahoma . 181 184 183 174 179 163 171 171 South Carolina . 112 115 116 116 115 159 126 Tennessee . 110 110 113 115 113 184 162 128 Texas . 200 212 199 195 200 191 195 184 West . 264 231 196 211 224 245 255 236 Arizona . 222 222 240 3 259 217 California . 246 235 230 237 3 268 3 270 * 255 Colorado . 231 216 193 207 197 245 205 Idaho . 173 190 165 154 173 152 160 Montana . 291 238 196 237 245 208 223 New Mexico . 252 230 189 222 203 222 Oregon . 331 251 236 248 233 217 238 Utah . 177 177 168 163 167 Washington . 240 230 238 * 254 223 220 Wyoming 340 245 254 256 214 219 1 Includes money spent for salaries of instructional staff, instructional supplies, free text books, school libraries and other expenses of instruction. 2 Total current expenditures for instruction in full-time day schools divided by average daily attendance. 3 May include small amount of expenditures for instruction in junior colleges, teacher-training, and other post-high school programs. (See table 4 for specific counties involved.) 4 Estimated. 5 Includes expenditures for salaries of local administrative personnel. 6 Expenditures for instruction may include tuition paid to other districts and may exclude expenses of libraries and text-books. 7 Includes expenditures for salaries of some local superintendents ; excludes salaries of kinder¬ garten teachers. 8 Includes expenditures for instruction, for community colleges, summer schools, and adult education. Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5 ; city groups I and II, footnotes, page 24. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 59 succeed in devoting slightly more of their funds to instruction than do the more rural counties. For the 38 States, the average expenditures for instruction ranged from $150 to $189 per pupil for the groups of rural counties (table P) . Those for the South were lowest and those for the West highest. For the cities these costs were sometimes higher and sometimes lower than those for the rural counties, depending chiefly on differences in pupil-teacher ratios, salaries paid, and the amounts spent for supplies and other expenses. Expenditures for Free Pupil Transportation in Rural Schools Certain school expenditures are largely due to the ruralness of the area served. As has already been suggested, such a factor is transportation. To get a comparable index of this expenditure (table Q), the total amount spent for this purpose in each group of counties in each State was also divided by the average daily attendance. To be sure, those children who live within walking distance of their rural school do not need to be transported at public expense. But, with the consolidation of the smaller schools into larger ones, and the extension of the high school to encompass the rural child, such a service is increasingly needed to make public education readily available. Since the exact number of children transported daily could not be ascertained, it was necessary to use the entire daily attendance for this computation. Obviously, for those counties in which most of the pupils walked, the cost indexes resulting are much lower than they would have been if the total amount spent for transportation had been divided by the number of pupils actually transported. It may be noted (table Q) that the average expenditure for transportation is $23 for the total Group A (most rural) counties of the 38 States, $27 for the Group B counties, $21 for the Group C counties, and $19 for the Group D (least rural) counties; for the Group II cities it is $3 and for Group I cities it is $2. Transporta¬ tion expenditures are obviously slightly lower in the least rural counties and almost nonexistent in the cities. In some of the indi¬ vidual States, especially in those of the West, transportation runs to more than $40 per child (A. D. A.) in the most rural counties. In most of the North Central and Northeast States, these ex¬ penditures in the rural counties generally average about $30 per child. In some States this item is extraordinarily high, because (1) distances are great and (2) there seems to be a widespread determination, despite all difficulties, to provide opportunities for education on both the elementary and the secondary school 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table Q. — Expenditures for transportation per pupil in average daily attendance 1 2 in full-time public day schools for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 Region and State Rural county group City group Entire State A B C D All groups II I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 38 States . $23 $27 $21 $19 $22 $3 $2 $13 Northeast . 52 33 25 33 3 2 13 21 25 22 1 2 18 18 18 4 2 10 46 46 5 19 38 38 3 3 13 52 34 35 2 1 13 26 26 1 18 North Central . 30 29 29 25 28 3 2 14 Illinois . 37 34 37 34 35 3 2 13 Indiana . 46 40 38 27 34 2 2 16 Iowa . 36 32 31 29 31 2 3 21 34 32 18 21 28 1 14 Michigan . 34 31 27 25 29 2 3 12 Minnesota . 37 44 34 31 34 3 3 24 28 27 26 21 25 2 3 16 Nebraska . 12 18 6 10 12 2 g North Dakota . 22 17 13 19 15 Ohio . 25 20 20 19 21 3 2 10 South Dakota . 21 15 15 10 18 2 14 Wisconsin . 37 47 32 26 32 5 4 17 South . 16 14 14 13 14 1 1 11 Alabama . 17 15 12 15 1 10 Arkansas . 21 18 14 14 16 1 13 Georgia . 20 21 18 20 2 14 Kentucky . 18 9 14 17 14 1 12 Mississippi . 16 19 16 13 16 1 13 North Carolina . 11 10 9 9 10 8 Oklahoma. . . 25 34 23 21 23 3 1 14 South Carolina . 6 5 4 3 4 1 10 Tennessee . 16 17 16 15 16 12 Texas . 13 18 12 12 13 1 1 9 West . 48 36 30 24 33 4 4 IF Arizona . 22 22 4 3 9 California . 32 18 25 27 5 5 10 Colorado . 47 33 17 26 1 3 12 Idaho . 28 31 30 21 28 7 20 Montana . 49 46 41 38 45 3 27 New Mexico . 52 38 20 35 3 20 Oregon . 109 34 32 35 7 2 19 Utah . 11 11 3 3 8 W ashington . 41 48 43 5 2 14 Wyoming . 35 37 41 39 6 27 1 Total current expenditures for transportation divided by total average daily attendance. 2 Capital outlay expenditures for transportation equipment known to be included. Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5 ; city groups I and II, footnotes, page 24. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 61 level. In the cities very little money is needed in most cases for transportation — less than $3 per year when computed on an av¬ erage per pupil attendance basis. Such funds as the cities did devote to transporting pupils to and from school were probably spent in behalf of the comparatively few children, who because of physical handicaps or remoteness from the high schools, needed this auxiliary school service. Summary of Rural School Expenditures Four sets of data (tables N, 0, P, and Q) have now been briefly discussed with a view to showing the basic facts compiled by this survey relating to the expenditures of the rural schools as com¬ pared with those for the cities and the States as wholes. To facili¬ tate comparison of the parts of the school dollar devoted to the major types of school services provided by the rural counties, a summary table showing (by geographic regions, not States) per¬ centage distributions of current expenditures has been prepared (table R). These indexes are obviously relative. If one or more of the cost factors is higher, one or more of the others must of necessity be lower. Also, the needs for the various services change under certain circumstances. For example, a scattered population brings about high transportation costs if at the same time the schools of such areas are centralized. The larger school resulting brings about a higher pupil-teacher ratio and lowers the cost of instruction per pupil. Costs of operating the schools must ob¬ viously be higher where the winters are more rigorous. This survey found (table R) that for the Nation (38 States) the groups of rural counties showed only slight differences in the way the school dollar was divided. The most rural (Group A) counties, taking all regions together, devoted 67.4 percent of all current expenditures to instruction. The indexes for Groups C and D counties are a little higher. Group B, as usual, proves an exception. But the cities spent substantially higher proportions of the school dollar for instruction — 73.8 for Group II and 72.6 for Group I. In the South, both the rural counties and the city school systems spent more of the school dollar for instruction than the counties and cities in the other geographic regions. Examination of the other indexes of expenditures reveals that in the South instruction bene¬ fits from the savings made in the costs of operation and main¬ tenance, probably chiefly in heating. As has already been pointed out, free pupil transportation is one of the modern school services which is more widely needed in 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 the rural schools than elsewhere. Therefore, this survey singled out the expenditures for this purpose for special attention. In analyzing school expenditures, transportation costs are commonly grouped with the other auxiliary services — attendance, health, school lunches, and extra curricular activities. The well known “6 Table R. — Percentage distribution of current expenditures for full-time public day schools in rural counties and large cities of 38 States, by group and region: 1955-56 Rural county group City group Region and Account A B C D All groups II I • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 100 .0 100.0 100 .0 100 .0 100.0 100.0 100 .0 67.4 65.6 68.7 68.7 67 . 6 9.3 73.8 72. 6~ 0.7 10.3 9.5 9.4 8.3 0.9 Total of Instruction and transpor- 77.7 75.1 78.1 77.0 76.9 74.7 73.3 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.8 2.8 4.7 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.8 3.0 2.8 11.9 13.5 12.0 12.4 12.5 15.7 14 3 2.8 3.2 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 6.8 100 .0 100 .0 100.0 100 .0 100.0 100 .0 Tnst.ructirm . 58.1 63.3 68.3 63.3 10.9 72.5 70.8 0.6 Transportation . 19.9 10.5 14.2 0.9 Total of Instruction and Transpor¬ tation . 78.0 73.8 82.5 74.2 73.4 71.4 Other Auxiliary Services . 1.3 2.8 0.1 2.6 2 9 3.0 Administration . 4.7 3.8 3.2 3.8 2.9 2.9 Operation and Maintenance . 10.8 14.1 14.2 14.0 15.9 12.4 Fixed Charges . 5.2 5.5 5.4 4.9 10.3 North Central . 100 .0 100.0 100 .0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 .0 Instruction . 65.1 65.0 64.8 65.8 65.2 72.4 72.0 Transportation . 10.5 9.8 10.1 9.2 9.9 0.8 0.7 Total of Instruction and Transpor¬ tation . 75.6 74.8 74.9 75.0 75.1 73.2 72.7 Other Auxiliary Services . 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 4.7 2.7 Administration . 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.7 2.9 2.6 Operation and Maintenance . 13.6 14.3 14.4 14.3 14.1 17.0 16.8 Fixed Charges . 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.2 5 . 2 South . 100 .0 100.0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100.0 100 .0 Instruction . 71.5 70.6 73.8 73.0 72.5 79.7 81.2 Transportation . 9.9 7.2 8.4 7.2 8.2 0.4 0.3 Total of Instruction and Transpor¬ tation . 81.4 77.8 82.2 80.2 80.7 80.1 81.5 Other Auxiliary Services . 2.3 3.4 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.1 2.5 Administration . 4.7 6.3 4.5 4.8 4.9 3.0 2.5 Operation and Maintenance . 9.2 9.5 8.7 9.6 9.3 13.3 12.4 Fixed Charges . 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.1 West . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 .0 100.0 100 .0 100.0 Instruction . 63.3 64.5 67.5 65.9 65.0 74.2 71.8 Transportation . 11.6 10.0 10.3 7.6 9.6 1.3 1.2 Total of Instruction and Transpor¬ tation . 74.9 74.5 77.8 73.5 74.6 75.5 73.0 Other Auxiliary Services . 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8 4.1 2.9 Administration . 4.3 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.8 3.4 3.1 Operation and Maintenance . 13.5 14.5 13.4 14.1 14.2 14.4 14.5 Fixed Charges . 4.1 3.2 1.3 5.1 3.6 2.6 6.5 Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5 ; city groups I and II, footnotes, page 24. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 63 major accounts” usually treat “maintenance” expenses separately. Here they are combined with “operation.” As a matter of fact, it was found that in the rural schools operation and maintenance costs could not readily be separated, since the same workmen often perform both types of services. In the rural areas of the North Central and West regions, ex¬ penditures for transportation often take 10 percent and more of the school dollar (table R). In the most rural counties these ex¬ penditures tend to run highest, in the least rural counties they run slightly lower, and in the cities they are very low — usually less than 1 percent of the school dollar. It will be remembered that on a per pupil basis (table Q) the expenses of transporting the pupils was over $100 in one county of Oregon and that in the midwestern and western States average expenditures for transportation of $40 per pupil were common. Further analysis of this factor for indi¬ vidual rural counties (table 3, col. 12 and table 4, col. 10) reveal wide variations in the funds spent for free public school transportation. Since free pupil transportation is expedient to rural education, its cost must be closely associated with that for instruction. When the percentage indexes for instruction and transportation are combined, the resulting sums for the rural groups are found to equal or exceed those for the cities (table R). For the 38 States the combined index for Group A (most rural) was 77.7 ; for Group B, 75.1 ; for Group C, 78.1 ; for Group D (least rural) , 77.0 ; for all rural groups, 76.9 ; for Group II cities, 74.7 ; and for Group I cities, 73.3. The indexes for the various regions similarly even up when the percentage figures for transportation and instruction are combined. Sources of Rural School Revenues Another very important concern of any school system is the financial support provided. This survey, therefore, attempted to collect data to show in detail the various sources from which the 1,199 rural counties derived all their receipts. To this end, the questionnaire included 13 different items showing sources of funds. The responding superintendents of some of the rural counties found it most difficult to fill in some of these items in the exact categories requested. However, fairly reliable combinations of selected items were possible, both for summary purposes (table 2) and for two indexes (table S). More detailed information on sources of receipts and balances for selected counties are projected for later reports supplementary to this one. Table S. — Percentage distribution of revenue receipts from Federal-State and local sources for groups of rural counties, large cities, and entire States, by region and State: 1955-56 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954^56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 65 a >> g-S 03 S a •P’S eJQ 6° c a; ° £ ctf © bo P. cn g a $ © 3 0 «« S I 1.8 nz 3 3 T3 O &“■ ►fl ® e go 3 +> O S3 T3 g I 2 ®3 ”3 — So®"3 aOn** tc s® § flip .g-'S O B g 1 oi Sc UH « «•§ 3^0-2® ■?(y o cfa Ew.a ® _ -*->.> OOP •%«? feo QO £&<«£: 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 One index found to be most reliable is the combination of those parts of the total revenues received (1) directly through Federal appropriations and (2) from State apportionments, which may or may not include Federal funds coming to the counties through the State departments of education. The second index combined the revenue receipts from all other sources: (1) County taxes, (2) local taxes of all kinds, (3) funds transferred from other school districts for tuition and transportation, and (4) net receipts from a variety of sources. Nonrevenue receipts and balances on hand from the previous year were, of course, excluded from these com¬ putations of current receipts. For purposes of this report, the total current revenues resulting from these two combinations of data were then added together and reduced to two percentage indexes, one forming the reciprocal of the other (table S) . The percentage indexes show a wide variety of practice rather than uniformity of policy in financing the public schools. As a group, the States of the South reveal about two-thirds of their total rural school receipts coming from State and Federal sources. In the most rural counties (Group A) of Alabama, North Carolina and South Carolina (table S, col. 2), the State-Federal share ex¬ ceeded 80 percent of the total. For most of the States of the North Central and West regions, these proportions were largely reversed, with a third or less coming from outside the counties and two-thirds or more from local resources. For Nebraska, South Dakota, and Iowa, the Federal-State share fell below 15 percent of the total current income. The rural counties of New Mexico, Michi¬ gan, Washington, and Wyoming showed Federal-State indexes nearly as high as for the States of the South. Taken together, the rural counties of the 38 States show con¬ siderably more of their funds coming from State and Federal sources than the cities taken as a group. This observation also holds for the rural-urban comparisons of most of the States. The extent of the differences between the indexes for the rural and urban school systems varied by regions and by States. To Review Many facts other than those discussed here illustratively, could be drawn from the detailed tables immediately following (tables 3 and 4) . It has been the purpose of this survey to gather and report a variety of statistical facts describing the educational conditions in each of 1,199 counties selected and classified on the basis of LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 67 ruralness. The statistics resulting were summarized for the Nation (38 States) and for four groups of rural counties (tables 1 and 2) . Finally, certain of the findings were highlighted for the Nation, for the four geographic regions, and for each of the 38 States (tables C-S) by the presentation and discussion of selected indexes of educational conditions. To add meaning to many of these find¬ ings, comparable indexes of education were also presented for two groups of the schools of largest cities and for all the schools of each State — both rural and urban. County superintendents of schools and others concerned with the welfare of rural schools, could use these various types of statistics in many ways — for purposes of informing the public as to the facts on rural education revealed in this report, for patterns for making similar studies of the rural schools under their respective jurisdic¬ tions, and for sources of comparative city and State-wide bench marks. To provide more exact bases for studying the comparability of one county with another, or one group of counties with another, pertinent sociological and economic data were compiled for all of the counties in the United States. The use of these data was illus¬ trated in a previous report.18 These data proved most helpful in understanding both the general and specific conditions under which the rural schools of the various counties are working to accomplish their services to society. These detailed data were too bulky to be reproduced in this report, but within reasonable limits they will be supplied on request to persons using the data of this survey in carrying on similar research projects in rural education. It is important to know, for example, what are the chief geographic features conditioning the schools of a county — the sparsity of the population, the proportion of people living on farms and working in agriculture, the number and size of the school districts, the presence or absence of urban centers, and the prevalence of large areas of deserts, forests, or mountains, etc., unsuitable to the sustainance of rural life. Much of the data compiled by this survey could not be presented in this report. To have included all the data would have entailed unreasonable delays and have involved unwarranted complexities of presentation. Supplemental reports utilizing other selected facts are now being abstracted from the data collected. Plans are projected to publish additional useful and selected facts in less permanent form than the present section for rural education of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States. 18 U. S. Office of Education. Statistics of Public School Systems in 101 of the Most Rural Counties : 1955-56, Circular No. 529, 1958. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 1. — Comparative summary 1 of schools, staff, and enrollment for groups of rural counties of 38 States: 1955-56 Item Total all groups Group A Group B Group C Group D 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Population (1950 Census). 18 ,530 ,492 5,021,163 3 ,422 ,605 4,018,179 6 ,068 ,545 I. Total Personnel and Attendance Full-Time Public Day Schools Number of counties . 1,199 397 340 186 276 Number of superintendents, assistant superintendents, and other adminis- trative personnel (excluding clerks) .... 5,109 1,289 1,241 1,052 1,527 Number of supervisors and principals. 6,387 1,557 1,397 1,290 2,143 Number of classroom teachers and other nonsupervisory instructional staff . 169,852 46,701 34,735 35,577 52,839 Total number of clerks . 4,849 1,081 1,189 980 1,599 For administration . 3,342 822 788 695 1,037 For instruction . 1,507 259 401 285 562 Enrollment . 4,223,143 1,139,641 798,288 918,418 1,366,796 Average daily attendance . 3,704,259 990,148 711,442 802,516 1,200,153 Percent of pupils enrolled in average daily attendance . 87.7 86.9 89.1 87.4 87.8 Percent of men teachers . 26.8 26.5 30.1 25.9 25.6 II. Distribution, by school level, of personnel and attendance in full-time day schools, colleges, adult education, and summer schools Kindergarten Number of counties having kindergarten 447 105 139 75 128 Number of Teachers: Men . 0 0 0 0 0 Women . 1,661 283 446 346 586 Enrollment . 76,756 12,830 19,755 17,384 26,787 Average daily attendance . 64 , 436 10,844 16,446 14,777 22,369 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher.. . . 46.2 45.3 44.3 50.2 45.7 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher . 38.8 38.3 36.9 42.7 38.2 Elementary Schools Number of counties having elementary schools . 1,199 397 340 186 276 Number of teachers . 107 , 859 30,469 21,739 22,408 33,243 Percent of men teachers . 12.4 12.4 15.5 11.2 11.3 Enrollment . 3,004,960 828,358 561,054 644,896 970,652 Average daily attendance . 2,626,138 712,972 500,200 562,709 850,257 Average number of pupils enrolled per teacher . # . 27.9 27.2 25.8 28.8 29.2 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher . 24.3 23.4 23.0 25.1 25.6 N umber of schools . . . 32,771 11,823 5,762 6,766 8,420 Percent of enrollment in average daily attendance . 87.4 86.1 89.2 87.3 87.6 Secondary Schools Number of counties having secondary schools . 1,198 397 339 186 276 Number of teachers . 59,884 15,875 12,424 12,741 18,844 Percent of men teachers . 53.5 54.1 56.8 52.4 51.5 Enrollment . 1,141,427 298,453 217,479 256,138 369,357 Average daily attendance . 1,013,685 266,332 194,796 225,030 327,527 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher.. . . 19.1 18.8 17.5 20.1 19.6 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher . 16.9 16.8 15.7 17.7 17.4 Number of schools . 7,167 2,175 1,515 1,461 2,016 Percent of enrollment in average daily attendance . 88.8 89.2 89.6 87.9 88.7 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 69 Table 1. — Comparative summary 1 of schools, staff, and enrollment for groups of rural counties of 38 States: 1955-56 — Continued Item Total all groups Group A Group B Group C Group D 1 2 3 4 5 6 Junior Colleges and Teacher Training Schools Number of counties having colleges or post-high school teacher training work . 14 2 1 5 6 Staff . 76 1 46 1 28 Enrollment . 1,188 64 360 161 603 Adult Education Number of counties having adult education . 167 43 40 39 45 Staff . 596 132 132 131 201 Enrollment . 28,214 5,053 3,937 8,002 11,222 Summer Schools Number of counties having summer schools . 12 2 2 3 5 Staff . 114 8 20 8 78 Enrollment . 1,133 41 777 71 244 1 Data summarized from individual reports. For a few items for which detailed data were not readily available, carefully prepared estimates were used. Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 2. — Comparative summary 1 of fiscal data for public schools of rural counties of 38 States: 1955-56 (In thousands of dollars) Item Rural county group Total all groups A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 I. Total Receipts and Balances . $1 ,507 ,713 .4 $361 ,367 .3 $357,470 .2 $302 ,318.3 $486 ,557 .6 Total Revenue Receipts . 1,042,741.8 256,092.2 244,687.4 212,027.4 329,934.8 From Federal and State Governments . 470,770.1 119,815.6 99,543.6 101,755.8 149,655.1 Local sources . 571,971.7 136,276.6 145,143.8 110,271.6 180,279.7 Taxes and appropriations . 459,555.3 111,166.1 115,370.1 88,416.0 144,603.1 Separate tax levy for debt services . 43,194.6 7,314.7 13,854.4 7,419.9 14,605.6 Transfers of funds from other school districts for tuition and transportation . 36,493.0 8,060.7 6,391.6 9,012.2 13,028.5 Other local revenue receipts. . . 32,728.8 9,735.1 9,527.7 5,423.5 8,042.5 Nonrevenue Receipts . 175,946.1 38,022.4 43,203.9 35,426.8 59,293.0 Balances . 289,025.5 67,252.7 69,578.9 54,864.1 97,329.8 II. Total Expenditures and Balances . 1,507,713.4 361 ,367 .3 357,470.2 302,318.3 486,557.6 Current Expenditures . 910,123.8 228,533.8 210,939.2 185,388.6 285,262.2 For full-time day schools . 877,086.3 220,150.5 204,702.6 177,319.7 274,913.5 Administration (gen. control) . 41,540.6 10,345.5 10,425.8 8,223.1 12,546.2 Instruction . 593,208.1 148,422.0 134,272.4 121,741.6 188,772.1 Salaries . 555,481.7 139,049.0 124,618.0 114,443.5 177,371.2 Supervisors and Principals 29,608.8 6,682.6 6,820.6 5,877.7 10,227.9 Teachers and other non- supervisory instruc¬ tional staff . 523,300.6 131,962.5 116,988.5 108,104.9 166,244.7 Clerks . 2,572.3 403.9 808.9 460.9 898.6 Other expenses of instruc¬ tion (free textbooks, supplies, school library, etc.) . 37,726.4 9,373.0 9,654.4 7,298.1 11,400.9 Operation of school plant . 77,022.1 18,263.9 19,989.6 14,518.8 24,249.8 Maintenance of school plant . . 32,380.7 8,002.0 7,682.6 6,765.0 9,931.1 Auxiliary School Services . 108,060.5 29,009.0 25,800.3 21,711.5 31,539.7 Promotion of health . 2,187.2 330.1 732.9 375.8 748.4 Transportation of pupils .... 81,625.2 22,693.6 19,442.4 16,672.0 22,817.2 School lunch . 13,648.4 3,464.2 3,019.2 2,658.0 4,507.0 Other school services, in¬ cluding attendance . 10,599.7 2,521.1 2,605.8 2,005.7 3,467.1 Fixed charges allocated to per pupil cost . 24,874.3 6,108.1 6,531.9 4,359.7 7,874.6 Other current expenditures (in¬ cludes community services, fixed charges not allocated to pupil costs, adult educa¬ tion and summer schools) . 33,037.5 8,383.3 6,236.6 8,068.9 10,348.7 Expenditures for Capital Outlay.. . 194,656.1 39,849.3 49,553.8 39,275.2 65,977.8 Expenditures for Debt Services. . . . 78,813.3 16,450.6 23,815.2 15,175.7 23,371.8 Balances . 324,120.2 76,533.6 73,162.0 62,478.8 111,945.8 1 Data summarized from individual reports. For a few items for which detailed data were not readily available, carefully prepared estimates were used. Note. — Rural groups A, B, C, and D described page 5. Table 3. — Staff, enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools' in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 71 Total number of schools ( 8 ) 15 © © © © M 659 184 loo 12 1 'fOCO j 56 CD iD ©i © I 27 27 100 Average daily attendance Secondary ■©CO00 io—ico eo 5,151 5,151 813 401 1,436 Total -iOOCO©-H'ciO(OH oo©• 454 ,261 21,657 1,570 329 504 446 291 10,171 MNCDCO^TfOONONMNH Ttooo50i»o»ot^*o cOtO*O^Tt0O05C0 — N co— i— I— i— i — (N 785 05 05 O 00 C5 00 00 05 05 — — — N 1,026 tO to to CD 00 r-H t>. CO gj CO r>. 4,604 318 a> 144 b- O 00 CO O 05 b- CO — 1 1C * 05 00 50 IN t}< 50 | NNN COIN CO CO — 23,754 50 b- 50 50 b- co OSTflOt^ — 50 t^ 605O60C0b- || CO CO CO CO Tf |j II Number of instructional staff positions Other instruc¬ tional staff * CO 99 00 . -CO— ■ IN — | l ^ -NN--« | Classroom teachers Women o 2,986 363 r, Tf so os co CO 00 00 60 co >o 589 IN b- 00 .COCOO*Ot^ 893 05 05C0OMIt^t^C0 — C> ~ < CO © o o co o 05* NNNOO’HLO^C©!NONON'- ^NC^CIM-COC'IOC^OOO t^Tj«c5C5coo5i.©e©ooioiococo»o CM e©e©'jCl««Tj( rt(Nio^N«wmooon(N o 55 © 00 05 C© ^ ■**< ©- CO O i© ©I 00 o b- cc CD ©1 O — i ~ 00 CD >© ©5 — t© m. i© — 1 1 c©coc5^C5t}taooio Tf lO C© lO r}< CO lO CO CO CO Tf co lO © CO »0 IO CM CO o CO OOS'J'IOCONIOIO'HNOSOI© H005NrtCOCC^H©©r-^ CO 00 ©1 CO ©1 05 CO C© TJI o C 00 CO IO ! CM ^ ^ CO CO CO CM CO CO CM CM CM CM 05 cc ©IOOC5©IO— ltOC5C© O00rtHrte©e©C5© C©NOMONiOOOiO rfCMCCCMCOCM^^CM CM MTjt^O-HCCl^COTjiCS'tCO'- © (N c© OOONfflTjMNOMOO^OO j c© 00©100>-|000 lO g NiOOOTfOiOiO^OCSNCl 00 ^ O C© 05 05 — CO 00 1> — 1 05 o IO CM C5 CO CM CO 05 io oo oo co c© ^ oo oo o co >o --H00^e©0^©2^©2000c©050: j 1 00 2 0-^05*00 to we©— i t0©)05C^C5t^l>05 s 05 CM 05 lO O CO 00 05 lO 05 CM 00 O t>* © t>. lO lO CO 05 lO t>- © CO © «l s CO C5 CD CO IO 05 -(NrtMrHr-,«Nrt(N«-Hr- 05 I o 1 CO 1 H CM 05 CM CM 1 c© 05 c© b- o e© « oo ■©< ^ ^ t> co co 1 •OO^OiOOQONNCO-HNeOK | 05 co o OCOCfl'fOOUJOC© C©CD'^'l005'©'tDl0C© CSJ- — , — .. — .. — — iC©4C^I*— t 05Tj«05Ot^OOC0t»05— UNO ° 1 i* 1 1 52 r ©o^no^co 50005^-000^ | ©M0000c005©ic0 lO g ©i 00 t© 05 — i 00 •<* CD O O CO t© CD NINUONIOOOOOONCS^OO "i (N H I CO 1 1 H 05 CM co e© o ^ ©i oo oo co o »o 05 co e© 1 iO-'©<©lf»-'OOt^WCOt-iOOTj -© Tf i-i I II ©1 L- 1 COOOOOOCOO»hOO Group D . Adams . Boone . Decatur . De Kalb . Dubois . F ulton . Jefferson . Marshall . Posey . Randolph . Rush . Tipton . Wells . Group A . Adair . Adams . Butler . Clayton . Grundy . Guthrie . Hancock . Ida . Iowa . Pocahontas . Ringgold . Taylor . Van Buren . Worth . Group B . Calhoun . Decatur . Dickinson . Fremont . Keokuk . Louisa . Sioux . Tama . Wayne . £ o See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 3. — Staff , enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools1 in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total number of schools ( 5 ) © 1,198 r~©*-*©©©oo© — ieoTj<ioco©. ^^OO^CIOOOO o 1 ■§ Secondary - 14,773 4<'e©©©eC(N00CC©-—•© •—> 00 © (Nooeo©©eo© ONNOHOrt Total admin¬ istrative staff 5 337 r-C4t^03-H©rr©to^jH»or-oooo^»©©t^io 373 CO 05 CO O N CO fH tlM«)a(NTft0O ©t^©co(NTf©©f-©©xj<©©©rx.oo© 1,716 | 477 (NCOiOCOOOO^C5(NOOr^r^05000C^ 655 00 05 00 Ol o © © NhhW -H(N ©©f-©-x©©o*©t'-Tf©©co©©©xi< COIN ©©00—, 0'.c^^^cor^»-' 11,125 HONHOCOiO ooio^^oococo CO 000(NiOONNO *OUOOOQOO>OOiOOOOM< ^'H^NNWCONHtOWrH»H(N«(NNW 68,465 16,363 NUJ-iCCNOMON^OOiJ'NNiOW NC^SOO^NOOOifOIN-iOONO 29 , 464 05 © © ^ CO Tf 00 rx-xxom- If ©OOt^iQiQOO coo©©ooooeoTf©o^x©»iOiOiOCOC^*-. I IN if t- © If CMpH000003VOTjpH004-vocovo4-vooOTt0r)VOOOVOOOt'-OOCOOO©pH03COl^©COr4-eocD004eoOHj'pH^t^cDr-oooO'4HcOpHoo cor^oOt^Tt- VO ^ 03 CO Total admin¬ istrative staff * (N NCOHHHUjTf^t- •COOONHNMNH -VO • Tt< ■ ■ CO vo Region, State, and group * - Edwards . Elk . Ellsworth . Grant . Gray . Hamilton . Haskell . Kearny . Kiowa . Lane . Logan . Marion . Meade . Morton . Ness . Osage . Osborne . Ottowa . Pottawatomie . Rooks . Rush . Stafford . Stanton . Trego . Wallace . Woodson . Group C . Brown . Jackson . Marshall . Republic . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 79 0 CO © S*5 © X CO -*t< — 00 CM 1 © ■'l* ■<*< CM CM © CM ■<}< CM 00 1,476 328 CMt-t^co — X© 1 — CMCMXCM©© j 413 b»0©©©®XT}<©© — — — 1*©X® 1 — CM CM rHr-i — CM — ©CM — ■>!< X i 453 tO CO © © — Tjl CM T}< co 00O^i0N'-®O©©Mi00M©©MN©00 to on x © X X CM X CO © © © t}< CC © ©Xf~©CO©©OCCM — © CO X©t~^f©CM^TtT}< CO © to © © t> — co cm co — ^-^©©©xco©©© to cq ©* 00 1-^ <-H T— £\J Tj< — 1 — 1 cc to CO 10 0 10 © O COCO to co ! CO ©COO5COCOtOTj«CO*-HCCO5t^*-'^HCO00O5t^t.O o to co [> lO T+< CO C3 CO i 00 ©^C50cooo^©rt^to^t^r^i^ocq»-©© 0 t- tO co co to cq 05 ^ co ] CO00©t^Tt<©CCCOtOO5COtCI>T* 1 1 0 ®©co<-iec©ccec©CMcc©'«tt^®^-^-CMCc to CM 0 © Tt< C CM — < Tf T- to Tl}' — ■*}<©© © »-X©©T)^XCM-'®©©Tt< © ©CM©©©©® NO©©C'fiflOON^®MOO©Mi!"-C •i: © O t~CM®®©t^CM — --• HH -H CM —1 ^-1* CM t> ■d X* © CM ro t»< CO © © CO © CM CM co CO CC t~-<}<©X® — CO t^X©»-H- r-< 0 1> CM ■— 1 CM CM CO^H >— 1 i-h ,— 1 CO CM CM CO -h -h -h -oor>-t^oo©t^t^oo 05 f- CMt^©©"*© — cq ^^©t-^CMf^CO— i©Tj — — CM cq <-> CM CO CO 05 CO CO tO CMXt- 0 TfCM®i-H©X(NO©CO«©©t^©^-<©©CM © O Tf co co co 05 co cq co co l> CO CO CO 00 CM ©l> CO CM CM ^ -H CO CM -H CO CM CO -M* — < — CM CM © cq CO to to CO © t- 00 IM CM CO © © — ■<* © 0 ■>* eo © t~ 00 © 05 iCNOO©©OMl©MlfflONCCN©©ffirHO 00 CO CO t^rtrtOHNOOHrt © CO © © X © CM © CO O©00— 'CO— i-<10 © © T)< 10 Hrt©©©®N 1 cq OCMOCO- b- — © 00 ©ax©©x©t^©©©— i©©a»©co© CO 05 1 CO to «Ort®©coo CO ©©XCMCO— 1^— i^1©^©®— i^. CO 222 — — ^m — — — — CO — — CM CM CO 00 — —1 —1 — i ——1 0 Tf *"• CO 1"H cq 00 N-HHCOMN-HHCON 1! -1 © to Tt< o: r>- to co co 1 GO CMf-t^®CM©-^ — •<}<©© CM©OXTf> |ll§i|! o J a -3 ® 5 < See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 3. — Staff , enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools 1 in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total number of schools ( ‘ ) \n 23 110 35 100 68 282 003C<3.iDt^-H 00©*0.©.cococococ^oooOT^»-H i-HCOD CD 225 M— it^OCD— »DCDOOcOO©r- Region, State, and group 3 ~ Barry . Clinton . Hillsdale . Montcalm . Tuscola . Group D . Eaton . Gratiot . Isabella . Mecosta . Presque Isle . Minnesota . Group A . Aitkin . Chisago . Clearwater . Dodge . Fillmore . Grant . Kanabec . Lac qui Parle . Lake of the Woods. . . Lincoln . Mahnomen . Marshall . Mille Lacs . Murray . Norman . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 81 10 rH CO 05 CO O b- ■-< CO WNNH J< rJ.,HUiOOCOOCO'M iO-^iM0000©C0©C0— IC0 0 05 HHrHl0 rH rH-Hoco COOiOintHiO-^as^ CO*HT^cO.©(N© H HH(NH HHHHHH Ort.cOOO©©iO COHCOH.iHrHr)* 00 © ®no®o •O CO 00 IN (NTf *-oO'H-^O5 COtr» lO rH CO cor-^oor^o 1,732 C t^iO'*'.tH.T}<r^io 0»0 59,133 25,343 Tf©©--t>©iN-lT-l 170,570 71,136 ©©-HT}*©©©IN©'©©'^ ©©©Ot>COCOTtl©©— ICO ©0©©r-<-ieo MN©onMio©N>oico^o^M'i> is -a a o o « GO a f~©Of-o©©©© ©©^©©©©©© 00 00 © O t- IN © 67 , 105 28,342 --iN»WMN 909 ‘ZLZ 112,614 i»rtH©Oifl|»0©NNffl»NM©MHiO ©®Wl}l|N©©TjlCO©©©®©^H©©t^© HOHMNN«rtCI | © l ° ©r>©© Men © ■

.©^'©r-» l-ll-l T©03©03©©©03©© — ©''*03©©©''H ©03 03©© — t~r^©t~©©'*©03©©t~©©©l^©03© — M ©t~©©TfTt © © © rf ©© © © © Tt< © © © © — i-~©t^© ©©©©©©© — ©©©©©r^©o3©©©f-©©t>©©©o©©©c© t~l>©030©©©«© — 03©0©© — ©-<}<©03©©©O3© — — CO — CO CO 00 b- © — TfO00©ffl- ©03 ©©003t*tfi©©-<*i© — 00 — coco-o*© — © © 03©©©©©©©© ©©©©©03©CW — — — — MfOCO — 03 1 03 ''J* © © 03 ©©■0i<003©t^t^©©©©|-~© — OO^^ — 0000©© — O3-0<© — © — ©-^©©OlOO-Ot©©^ oo©©©T}<©'*jt©eo 01 — oot^©co©*toi Tf o 03 Tj< b- — •<}<© © © — 00 CO — -^ © © CO oo©co© — ©©©© ©©©Tj 000000 00©©T)<00©©Tt*©©03©©© 03 — — — 03 — — — 03t>-.©10<©'ococoooc5ioooa>ocoaoo5r-HT^cot^^H ^O^i^»-HCOC^rHC^(N(N^T^C<|OOr-HC^(NI o Tt< Total N 1,894 5,551 2,720 2,957 73,601 lOTfffNr-iiMCNCOOiOOSl^t^r^fNfN-HiOCOi-iO NrHCCNO'-OOOlCOOtDNiOCOOJOOiSMC'IO i'O-HO500Tj'COiOQ0TrCC|O5C0'— ♦Tj't-.00O»— ' iO©r-.o^T^ ^a>coo5^Hcoooor^oj0505oo-H^r^©t^ainc5i-iooosoo505i-icoot-coi^-^oio ONooaoooH^fflcoooOTfcooorHmoa 00C5-'(»r-(N00(NC^iO-HCT)CDt^O5(N-^-l-HC0 -O05C0C0(N05l0C0G5 ooiooor^coooc^coco^ot^^»oxio©»-«co>-< (M (N rH rH ^H »-H H H 0S0iNe0MCTi(NC0'^O'-H.(N C05O500O5O5C0(NC0V5Tf< HCCrtH CO —* -H r-t r-> H rH M -H -H -H 6,574 2,767 1 156 Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals ■O' 5 4 3 102 mONiO • 00 CO ■'f 0(N0503OOC0rrT}ti0«5 CO -H -Hi-HOJ <-> I-H -H 6,701 2,807 1 158 1 Total admin¬ istrative staff 2 N eot>*OTt' 249 ©iOOMrHT^HNNCOOOOON© *-•# coco — ' t'- >05C0t^''f00OCMt~©CM02CMO ■O— 'f^Oi-^OOCOiDOOcD^— '00 co co cm -s< co — i eo cmco^-'* 0SNt)I^u;oO(»Ot)'(»'#t*-.o(1OOO^^MO)MOO')|iO^O^OC1O t~cocoo2f^io-*to— 'cooico-^ooco-i'cDCCM— ' ^(NNO^nMOT)'roCN«0»WO'-iN«aONM-'^i(NNO)MOOfI -*CM02>0‘-ooot'-cM--ooi.oco Oiioir.L'M'NL'jooooO'-to t^»CDt>»iOiOCO'— ‘C-CO*— 'OOr-- OOr'.OOeM'#a5t'.t'.COCO>00505COOO!'~COOOOCMCMO''C<00^^OeOiOCMCD — ' O: *0 00 O — ■ '000 0:0 - fjaiOfflMOONOiOOM'- 'OOt^CM~CMCMCMi-3COC2 NtDO'!lO!OiCONL'3Tl(OO0Mf)!NMNNCO-HO^O^!OHM(NNT?Tffq -H -H — • CM — 'COco-*o co -h cm — — i -ti coco— •t'- co co eo uo co in co cm •>* Tf •<*< CMCO^OaO-'*' — CO-CD©"* aoa't'O'j'- --D cm cm io ■'f io coco co-HiDCMCMt^oocMOoot~»ncocoa5cot'.>o©t~''*©oo©t^— nocoooiot^coco Oi^co>-*o-'C,oqcooi-oCT)Oo03003>o.--— <'*i.o-ra035coo^'*-oco — -^oocMoo>oaocD»ococococo©©cMCMCMCM-<©ooc5cocMiooocM©io^-HCM r^CMOsoooscMcocoin©— CO t~- : co © — 1 cm >o © • — ^ cm cm oo oc oo ■ iCLOrHf, ’caoo ' — cm cm — )t,,H_(M00©i- I»0c0--<-* — CMCO I t}< -cuNWHrt cm — i_-hco— — -*-hcm^h -h —i cm cm cm I i'¬ ll co i CM 00 O LO CO 05 — ' CO CM CM ■<*< 05 ^ i-0 ■ i.-Hinr}o CO i-T rH r-T -T CO* -T rH — 54,469 32,300 | 1,441 243 Total 12 -HQO^COOM© 1 ©cn co©©©co | cn cn oo co © co cn 13,548 1,758 3,848 2,608 3,128 2,206 19,479 OCOOCDlC05r^05CO COrt^<©oooo©en 19,127 10,801 409 36 Elemen¬ tary © th m — c m co -^ © cn © cn co t'* t— © ■-I cn ^ m © — 4< ©oooo©oen©©© 1 M ri — < — < co cn co co -i 78,764 46,139 2,000 1 291 | Number of instructional staff positions Other instruc¬ tional staff 4 03 l ^ • • • co • lO —I • • — 1 • • CO • 1— < I l 0 Classroom teachers Women 00 00 T* CO b- © CO ■cf Tfl 00 00 — c- CO 786 oo ocn ©co oo r- -I COrH-H-H 1,016 en cn tji rj< — i © tji m © © cn oo oo © cn cn © © ! 3,429 2,076 t-© r-co Men © — ' -t CO CO — 00 00 CO< CO © ^ © © CO J 50 ^ T* 05 cot- 57 00 ^ © Tj< © o © T}< Tt< 1 kO 84 CO Region, State, and group 2 - Kearney . Kimball . Merrick . Morrill . Sheridan . Thayer . Thomas . Group C . Cuming . Custer . Holt . Saunders . Seward . Group D . Cass . Cherry . Colfax . Nemaha . Nuckolls . Richardson . Saline . Washington . Wayne . North Dakota . Group A . Benson . Billings . 2,820 I 2,113 I 707 I 2,553 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 87 ifl't'J'MOlTfNTjiL'JO'.OOfOSOHONeOO^wC'JNOMO ot'--<*,r^C5t^Tf<-i*000 OOOOeO®iOCOd— 'COt^dOOf^COd-^OCO— nOt^^rr-^— "if— ' M0^U300MNOC-unO«0O0«0^C0fl-l^M O^^t'ltnNMINCONN^INOTji ^(NMTflM d CO ® 4,682 ®®r>-^®coTfdOt>.eoTj< TfOdLCMO^odo-tn ddcod — codoOTft^ — ® 2,940 hOOCO — < d ® Tf 0^00® lONiOOOOCOHNOUJOOlNWNflXNLOiOL'JMCMN-iOW HOdaOMNMWOONCiOHMOMOOat - d iT 00 iO OSONOONOOOO'fOONNOHiONOOC'lOCCNOn rtHHNHHHH rH -l-l -1 13,886 Tfd'*ooo®f~dco®ooeo HCCNNNCOOOMCO oooooocooocoooeo— icoo d — d 8,283 2,171 1,220 2,275 2,617 MO-'N'OCRMMCOIMNSa'H'l'MQOOOOOWOOJN^Ol i«dioio®coO'Oi*iioGOiooi-oeot-®co>o^t L^OONOSN^OOO-CO O ® — 1 oo — i oo r- t- oo io d CM 1 M dOlOO oo^eo© HO" d ^^’hhhmhhh^hnhhiNh hhhhh hh 1 oo — < rH—l ,-1 CO — d d - CO i-* CO CO t-CO®eOCOeOdTtid®t'-dd®dr~-'J<®eOOt~t^CXO-i® ©^HOOOOl>COiOi} t- d tj< io co *o oo OOJONOd^OOOdOOO ddCOddCOdOi'OOrtffl 1 o 1 ° 1 00 -1? ©® H^fdO ^•tfl®t^ M,H^HCOC^00000®®©©^~^~©©lOC^CO^®''^'deO®■^, ^NN3>-ooaoc*:^oj'#io®a)C!Oci'HOONiorowoo ^ooco — i©eo®® — i© — ddcooo — ioeo®deo©cot^OTi< Cs|^t__|-H-I HHHOrtHHH -1 — 1 1-H -1 — 15,221 eo o ^ ® oo b- to i> ® ® o os oocoeoTjteo^coiaoot^eo oot^"®r-®cod^*d^i> -h* eo — <"d -h 9,078 2,393 1,296 2,459 2,930 ©t^OOTOT^dd — 500d®0 — CO®»Od^© — d®OCO d 00 — ' !^00©©-<}<©f^r^d®©e000©t>.t^©a0©00 — COO OOeOOO'©©©''S0*Ot>GOGOOIOOOOOOO'^lOO-^‘OiOOCOiOLOQO 00 d 00 (OlOOiONiOiOd'HiO-HOJ ® ^ co ^ w co co oo — co ® 525 moOco Tfoooco -HOONN!OQOO)iOiOOiONOONNOOMU5CROaU5iOOO lO CO CO IN CO CO — — i d CO CO ^ CO —UN Tt< NN^Nrt — i d CO 308 OdOOTCdiONiniJiONTf dHNNHrtHincoo eo 163 COCO 00® t^®d®uO— 'd>0©3— 'r^TtieO©COddTjo®' oo © © * © ©© 956 d 00 © 00 © o ©00©00feot-->f©co©©®eooo©Tr'>fif — — co.©if© — ©ooifif — — © — ©t> — if©©r^ — t^o©©©eo COCO — © — ©t-CO — — — ©©©© — ©© — ©CO^CO^t-©©© — ©COCO© t>ifC0if — 00©r-©© — if©©©eOCOeO©CO'f©©©©CO®CO©CO©©CO 5,869 1,000 145 © — CO ©©if00 — ©© — i©©©©0 — ift'-©COCOOOOOCOt'-Ot~ — I00©f-C0 O — ©COCt'- — 0000©©®©©©©OOCO©©if©©COOO© — — 0000 ©00© © t- if © t- © 1,039 672 COO®©©- ©00©©© — ©©©CO — COif©^COOO©COt^CO — ifCOt-eOt- 1 — 1-H eo CO CO CO CO 1-1 CO — M 1-1 CO — — CO — — — CO — MC5N CO CO — — CC CO 136 ©CO CO N00O00ON 00 CO U1 t>. if b- — ©00©©C0©©©©C0C0ift^if00t-O©O-^00©©if©00C0 572 102 19 C0»-iiDt^^- lONNHN 2,473 100500-1 aocoa5TtT#©-H iH(NiH©C0C0— IrH© Number of instructional staff positions Other instruc¬ tional staff 4 CO 128 30 • CO CO CO C* pH »H pH CO Classroom teachers Women r- »o 05 oo -t r- 00©©COt^C0 649 LOCO©r-x — ©x©©co JOOlOfMOONM >-»tXitX©0©©t- a I eo oo — co -1 -NOC® ct II ©xt-o > || coco — OLCN — x — co — co ©©CO — ©it© © © X © ^ ©© cor- CO 00 r- co © © co CO CO 00 — CO mooo — 'I* ©©©it©it© — coco coo — oo — co — — it © C0t-X©XC-Xit — X ©iteococo — coco->t — r-r-itx©cocoxr-r-© co — r- it — - it © co x ©coco©©©t-©x©it it © co co co x > COG5COCO II C1COOO II CC © © © 00 00 00 it CO r — ooif coooont xcocor-©xitt-Xit o — — oo © © co © — © CO — CO© — ©X^ — © t-r-xxitcoxx©co co II ©©©©xr-©x©©o oo | — © ©co co © co co o — it © I ©©©©cor-©r-r-©x ©r-xxititco©it©© Xitit© r-r-r-r- ©©©x COititX — — r-Xit© XO©©x ©r-©o©©©©t-x it©©X©t>©XCOCO — ©©©it©OOOX X©CO©Xt-it©©OCO X©itXXXCX©itX — ©X — xcox©it — © COCO — — — — CO ©00©© — © © CO ©it cor- it I © © o co r- o co co © © co © 00 — ©©CO 00TtOO©©it — ©CO r-o — © co it © it©© ©COitr- — ooot-©co CO© — 00© — coco©©© oooococor-cocr-it — © t-o©xxo©coxco- ©©eococo — coeoitco ©©COCOCOit — ^co©© ©© r-© ©CO ©CO©© 00 t- CO © ©o©o co©it©oe r- — ©©co©it©eo© C0©©X©C0itC0C0 — — ©coco©oo — oor- — oor-eo©itcoiteo©co ©©it©t-eococococo© r-oococo-t©co©©t-r- i- II ©t- — ©coco — ©co©© ©©o©ooco©©©o — — 205 rt ! r--^© — it©©©t-©r- co | co© — cr-©ooco©coco © I co co — — — — co — coco s, COXtHX ll CO © co x © M oo — CO CO — I © -r ouiouocmwckcj ! to coco — coco — — — oi— r- r-Ttr-xcoitcoTtccor- — ©©©coiteo©cc — co coco - — coco — cocococo >r-r-©it©it©oo© i x - r- | itoxcor-©xt-t-x — © i co 6 !2 ©©co © II © ©CO©© I © — CO CO — © — X© — — II © ©-©OX j| CO ©XNcsoooax- l i © l coc-OMOo-if || x ; ©it — COCO — CO — X — II X I © — — ©coeo©ffl©©Tt cor-©r-co©co©coco© xx — — coco — cococoeo x©©x I r- X © © © CO |! X ll X e-NXOttOXXN CO ©t-itxcct-r-©©r- = 5 s SIS o ® s ffi >, - is « cs c3 O a — „ _ o ® O O fe.Ss * gS O „ „ , 0 - Ut1 § § © > 3 E E See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 3. — Staff, enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools 1 in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total number of schools ( 5 ) 15 O — VO to CO 303 84 05 lO CO ^ 00 © 279 ©•— i— ©00©©©©©CM — CM TH t-i-CM-h j Average daily attendance Secondary 3,851 3,272 2,449 15,959 fflOMS^HN 1 CM CM — i © © if Tf N 00 00 © t— to t— ! CM* — * CM* CM* CM CM* .-H 4,846 2,551 2,295 86,823 21,748 ©©00©©CMCM©CMCMi— lO©fl CO - ©© © CM — < CO ©©©O0t--nr-t^©-H-H Elemen¬ tary CO 5,855 5,276 3,149 26,214 CM-f ©00©©t^ tO tj' © CO f- 00 NONOINh^ ■tjt CO -Cl N if if N 05 CO 00 4,280 3,859 880 ‘SH 31,938 CONiOrtiOmsO-ON ccoo©i— ©©coooifao© 00CM©i— ©COt—COCOOOCM ^ (N 1-H CO Total CM 9,706 8,548 5,598 42,173 6,478 4,864 7,086 5,007 7,493 6,716 4,529 12,985 6,831 6,154 231,906 53,686 ©t^eo©>-oo©©eocMeo OOt-©ifOO©COif©©CO if©oo©©ifif©©©eo ri^H^rtrtCMi-ii-eOCMtO Enrollment Secondary a 4,314 3,806 2,693 18,184 CO CO -H lO 00 CO N i— if ©© © © © if ©CM"f N00© NNMNMNh 5,414 2,838 2,576 688*66 24,322 ooooo©o©t-©.— co—i © r— i— © t— i— oo cm ■— co o ©t-CM©t-CMt^O0©CMif CM — rt-CJ Elemen¬ tary 10 6,364 6,083 3,598 30,403 © co oo t— © »— if cof ©oo©©© oo©ooto©r--H if CO CO tO if CO 9,246 4,837 4,409 900 ‘fL\ 37,286 COOOCM©©©OOt-©i- — CM©©00©©f-©l>CM ©fifCM©©00©00i- 00 1— CO 1-1—1- CM CM CO Total © 10,678 9,889 6,291 X lO 00 HOONCOStO tO 00 CM © i—i tO to CM © *— © 00 © i— r- to oo to oo r- to 14,660 7,675 6,985 273,395 809*19 COOOOOt— ©ONTfOOCOCM ©©O-i©-i00©i— ©CM ©i-t-CM00t»©00t-1fCM i— CM©CM — CMi— i-ifCO© Number of instructional stafif positions Other instruc¬ tional stafif * CO CO : : : CO •co | 128 © if if © if ©© j 463 136 Tf©©t^Tf©lf©(Nt^O Region, State, and group 2 - De Kalb . Jackson . Marion . Group C . Barbour . Dale . Elmore . Franklin . Limestone . Marengo . Randolph . Group D . Coffee . Pike . Arkansas . Group A . Calhoun . Carroll . Clay . Cleburne . Cleveland . Franklin . Fulton . Izard . Lawrence . Lincoln . Lonoke . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 93 (D!DO-"fNMNN^nO^ -KM- — I-H !-icoTja — lOOOi-OOOt^CD ^cocoeocoa5 05 05iO(M N^HHH CO^rHC^ — t'*'l-O cocit^oot^coo^^asi-Ht^co 1-H 1-1 HHHH i-H0 NiOOlNONONM-OONOX IM050CDIM 0500*0 iO»C5CO^oocQ^c©C5©ioco*ocoooo5 Tf ^ o CO — i CO CD CC © CO *0 t-h io i-H cc co • rH io GOiOiOOOOTfCiOOOOO(N^-< ^ococococor^co^^^T^ooo 170 00 CO ^ lO CO lO l! 2,133 | 05Moioo5eo^>-oo50or^oo 1 CO CO CO *D 05 t}< t>* 05 (M CO O CO O 1 HIMHi- 1 — 1 — 1 N IM IM 2,947 CDC0*Of^*O — OOCDCO — CD0005CO — f^lMlMCO »— OTfrt-00(Mt^O5^oob- 2,705 0 05 CO — 05 — TfOOlMOOt^l^OO^^ MiMt^o — ooot>.05 — t^ao*oc5r~ ^ti • ^i —i co .c^ioCOCO — | 246 ©os 2,865 | TfO5»C(Mt^TfC<|iOCO00iMO5^TjiTt< CO CO 00 — 05 — 00OC00500C0O00 IMCO — IM — — — — — — IM C0-c}iT} o 05 co os eo co cc oo ^ —1 co i 202 | Ot^OO©CO*OOOOOC5 — Madison . Marion . Montgomery . Newton . Perry . Prairie . Scott . Searcy . Sharp . Stone . Van Buren . Woodruff . Yell . Group B . Baxter . Grant . Pike . Group C . Columbia . Crittenden . Cross . Desha . Drew . Jackson . Lafayette . Lee . Little River . Logan . Poinsett . Randolph . St. Francis . Sevier . White . Group D . Ashley . Benton . Boone . Bradley . Chicot . Conway . Craighead . Crawford . Faulkner . Greene . See footnotes at end of table 3, Table 3. — Staff, enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools1 in rural counties, by region. State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total number of schools ( 5) (NINOOJHOJOJOOO 325 52 »ot^ CC 1-1 135 — ©IDOOOCM CC hSIhh CC 138 ^CCCDrHO — CM — CM CM CC CM Average daily attendance Secondary -? t^OOrfiCMOOOt^t^Ot^ 0500 — l0t^l>Tr©CM05 os o t- o co co cc o — co HHrtHTf — — CM* HH 18,839 2,826 1,584 1,242 8,164 ®-4 0500— 1 CDCCCOCOCC'^ 25,908 2,434 2,011 3,614 7,185 6,222 4,442 Total a eON«MOMiOO)ON OOCMt^m©©©COCMCO © — 00©0^ — ©OOCM 82,631 10,741 5,989 4,752 36,734 00 ID 05 O 00 © CM in — © 0010005 CC os m 05 cm t}< m> 35,156 loiflifmo© m 00© — — I — — ececcM Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals lO ^ ^ cq r# CC © lO 1 SO — 1 o 05 ©*n 26 Tf 0 rtrt-HrtlOrHrtCCWrH 1 2,791 342 190 152 1,208 ©oooomm© 1 0500000 CM- CM — — — 1 Is | - 1 m — m©oo© © 00 00 CM CM — — — CCCCCM Total admin- istrative staff 8 CM ooooooccoojaooo 1 ^ ^ rH j 94 00 meo I 46 in CM COCO CM 00 CM 40 cc ts m ©©© J: 1 Region, State, and group 1 - Hempstead . Howard . Independence . Johnson . Mississippi . Monroe . Nevada . Phillips . Polk . Pope . Georgia . Group B . Cherokee . Habersham . Group C . Carroll . Gordon . Gwinnett . Haralson . Jackson . Walton . Group D . Barrow . Bleckley . Brooks . Colquitt . Laurens . Mitchell . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 95 - k*k CO CO ■O' ^ kO O 1-H iO 05 tn CO T(k kO lO lO Tfk T}k o COOOOMOON 03 05 rn 05 00 Tjk 05 CO kO ^H rjk CO CO CO (NH HCO kO a co 03 CDOONOOCOOHIO NOHHHOOHOtO otkooosonooo — k 1-kiH 05 1-H CO C5 CO tr -h 05 t- CO h ^h O CO tH CO kO O I- lO t> Ttk 05 05 0- )h O t> U0 1-H iO t- -OI 05 iO TjH T)k O CD 05 05 CO 05 CO kO CO CO Tfk 5> 05 oo CO njk 00 lO h (M h h Oi 1 Oi 1 lO 05 1 CO rH Tjk rH CO 00 03 CO — 1 O 00 kO CO 1-H CO IO Ttk 05 03 05 05 05 (N rH kjk Ttk 05 « »D o CO o CO COCOaSrHOCOkOrHCOCO incocuot-kOHOHN Ttk05O3©C5COC0C0kOT}k ^r(NCO(N(N^D(N(N(MT-i 05 N 05 00 co i- o t~ Ifj b- 05 CO CO 05 00 t> 05 O Tf Tjk kO CO CO 05 05 CO CO 00 CO O co O 00 t> CO rf CO -h kO 05 00 b- b- CD CO 00 05 Tfk — k CO CO T)k 05 00 00 O 05 b- b- 05 05 05 INI 00 O CO O | 05 f-1 T}k 05 CO T-I — 1 rH CO 05 kO kO CO 00 00 kO CO CO kO lO CO (N CO CO r}< 00 -cf UO CO CO *D |s ID CO 00 CO O ^ 00 rH DCODOHOO ID l> ID CO ID 00 05 00 II 00 05 rH iHCC O 05051^030300^03-103 O5®O5kjk|>©CO00T}k© 0510— 1— ktHCOHjk©t>.tH — , rH — 1 05 -H co 05 tn t> iO 00 *D CO *o rjk kO © U0 O 03 05 CO >h 00 03 00 CO CO CO 05 CO 05 kO kO 00 — i 05 b- CO 03 CO O 05 kO b» 05 00 03 CO C0’-icci0l0k03'^c00300c0i000'-i‘005k0030t^ I — 1 rH Tjk 05 CO -H i-H r-l 05 rH lO «5 IO ^H Hjk kfO 03 IO kO k^k rH 05 CO 03 CO CO kO 03 kO 00 00 »C to ktfk || IO 05 -H rjk io C»3 05 jn ^ t^OC0C0kOC0®rtk0005 05k005k0050COC005t-r ©cocoeokoioiocooco k005HtkC005C0050505rH s CO s -1 lO 05 03 05 | 05 .-1 kO CO " *o h- IO CO CO 05 io 03 05 05 HiONTtkOCOkf O tH rH 05 CO ktf Hk 05 || Hjk CO-1 00 05 CO -kjk -k 00 i-i CO CO kO O l> iO CO 00 O t> -cjk CO O CO co 05 05 IH lO Ttk o IO 00 u- 00®000 5>®-H Ttk 05 rH C5Tjk (N kJkSHOOOOOHMNW COOCOM005HGOO -k -, (N tH h *d 00 , ° I CDX^OOOOCOOOHlOOHHlO^OOrHOJHN COtNlOHH CO rH t>. IO O CO 05 05 00 CD ID (N i-t CO CO ^ t>* CD CO kOGOCDMlOiH— (©©© kjk— 11005050005050505 1 669 ‘9 i CO rH 05 k}k 00 I 00 ■H 05 05 1H CO kO «o 03kOt*-— iiOO3O5CO©00 O05Q0C005O©iHC0C0 05 lH —1 tH —1 CO rH —I —k o t- CO L- ° 05 ^k 05 CO 05 • CO CO 05 CO 05 05 rH kO CO kO 00 k^k J 1 ^ OOlHkOCOkO® rH *h — IH 05CO 00 05®05OiH©C0C005G0 o 00 CO co 05 05 05 1-k 00 CO CO 1-H tH T}k rH 00 CO X t> b- ^ _ ^jk 05 CO 00 O CO 00 00 CO CO 05 CO 05 O Tjk o >0 tH T}k 05 00 rH (NO)— Ir-Hi-H rH CSJ 00 kjk — i 00 00 C5 00 lO CO 05 00 k^k rt< co CO 05 fH -h 05 05 rH CO CO ZD rHTHO ©r-— ©NtT CO 00 05 O 05 Elemen¬ tary © 25,811 00 — © — ©00 — Ot- © © — © © co o r- 04 NNOOOOOCOOO 04 04 — CO — i CO 04 04© 311,565 168,339 oooocoo — co^eocoo405©Tt*a5C50 ©C0©0000000 — — O* 04 © O — ^ r* O 00©00^^0500C005©©00504© — 05 CO — ^ CO CO — CO CO © 04 Is— 04 CO CO CO 04 Total 35,357 MOOOOOO- 1©© oo©oo — ooosco — © 000400:0©c0000© COCO*--t^-^©(N©© CC — ©Cq-q*©CqCq©OOOOCCOO©© 3,174 543 1,204 1,151 276 11,995 ©tP — ®COCq- © © © © © cq — ©©CNrfHONOOOOON 14,946 873 1,249 ^ — 00)000e0t^*0r»'— leCKNOJOiNO'^b-O ©t>©l>O00t^©'q,00r~00©©©©00CqTt<©©eC o©cq© — ©© — t^oocct'.©-'j,t~'<}|oo^<©r~t'.© TP <0© — CO l> — iTPTP®C0©eq©©© — ©CO cq oo oo oo © © © cq x tp b- © cq ©00-tf©©TPO©r-cq ©©© cq Cl © ©cq © r- cqoo CqeC.(N C^^^^COCOOJ^tOtOOQ^COOtO^cOCOCOCOC^CO pMTPCO ©■^ ©©©©CC©!©-** — Cq©t»©N.©Tl<©©CD©(Cq© t^r^'^©OT«o— n-ooot^or^co©©ooo^ooooT}( ®'«lO>©N — r-T - — — rt — — ©Cq©©©TPO0O0 ©©©00©(NI>©©©^CC© CC®-l>Cq©©Cq©©Tj< — t^© — © — cq© b-oc^cq©^^ — © — i>t^ecooaoec©Offiooeccq ©cq© — — ©l>l>Tj ©cc (^©•^^©cc©©©^ — ©o — > © — — i©ms^© Tf©occocqoocqo©©oo — cqooot^oOTr® — o Cq©t>.Cq© — ■^<©©TtCC-*},l> — CqOOCq o 00 o cc-*p ©eo ©Orp tp © — — © CO CO cc — ooco© — oo©© — ©t^cqcq ^ oo cq © © oo cq © © cq cc © cqooocq — ©oo®©oo©©oo C5 b- ©CC©Ttoco 1,662 — cc — oo t~- © © cq oo cc © oo oo ©i>oocq© — oo^< — cqoccoo — — — — cq — — — — — 2,267 154 123 o— «-<*'t>-^(N05iOOO^H|>T^tOCs|»OCO^H^C005C^ '-H r-^ r-^ rH CSJ H ^ W H H CC (N H H H H rH rH 474 98 101 220 55 2,090 n. ^p cq tp cq oo © — © cc © © oo oooo — ©co-'po©©©''^^ — — cq — — cq — — — — — — — 2,767 193 146 COtOtOOO©^iO*-'00 05Tt<00^'NtOCOtO^COOOTt< n tO © H 103 © cq © © tp © t-» — — oo © t'. 146 to to CqTttcqcq©00t^"S< — OOTj<00©©©©CC©eCT}<©00 — ©OOOO^cCOi© — — — Cq — — — Cq HNNHrtHnNHHHHH r-1 495 GOWN 1 O O CO to 1 lH *H -

§ 3 ® 12 "S bc3x) iS w 8 >> 3 03 c« •gli g-S e§ — 3 j OJp >-£ 3 2 gs £ a be A! X3 O G .. £.2* sI^he ~ “x> . 03 « •- o> ® c 'xj S2'o:3 1 3r^ w -« fc 5.0 2xw«iS 53 X! g >~73 g “L2 ^ JB * u be e .2 .2 "SiS-Sow -x)-o. °-g°So2:^«6c U *,§ 2 •§* M03 c g 3 G 33 3 rr, t* ? 2 JC“ C’Cf! 3,2“ g w'.c 5o" OX) go g X) « ^ =3 2 K W^H H S2 o £ C-g **o § uo"X o •*-» 4. c a> *o a O C 2 £- s„2 O - c 05 > 3 3 cC ft g"":® © M B * 0 6 ci ^ u.'ti a-> J^ef S £ K a> c3 o p T3 O 3,0 C/*n -h-i eo> S E ^ 33 c3 "2 ^ § , C" A S’* 11 M ,.rt c3 !»Ji . « - o «->„ l ^ 03 c « .3 o 2"C 3SiZSt)m .jS otfPg - 12" - 2-cS 0+^ X5 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 17 Changing Patterns in Higher Education The history of higher education in the United States has been characterized by frequent changes in its nomenclature and even its organization. Not only have institutions of certain types opened, flourished, languished, and closed; in some instances entire types have arisen and vanished. The term ‘ ‘academy’ ’ is now officially used by a scant half-dozen institutions on the higher education level and the term “seminary” has all but disappeared from the academic scene, except for institutions training for the clergy. More recently, the “normal school” as an organization appears to be well on the way out. Once a flourishing institution, existing for the purpose of training teachers and operating under city, county, State, or private control, and spread from coast to coast, the term has almost entirely disap¬ peared from higher education directories. On the other hand, a distinctly American institution, known as the “junior college” or “community college”, has arisen. Although the origin of this type of institution goes back more than half as far as the history of the Republic itself, it was not until 1917-18 that the Bureau (now Office) of Education made any attempt to collect statistics on it. In the present report, the term “junior college” is used comprehen¬ sively to designate all institutions, of whatever curricular organization, which offer at least 2 but j ewer than 4 years of college-level work im¬ mediately beyond the high school. Two-year “normal schools” are currently included in this category (as they have been since the Biennial Survey for 1949-50) ; before that year, these schools were part of the category, “Teachers colleges and normal schools.” In 1917-18 there were 46 junior colleges, with a total resident college-level enrollment of 4,504, or 98 per institution. The average college-level enrollment of both publicly and privately controlled junior colleges considered separately was also 98. As a rule, however, the college-level enrollment was not the entire enrollment: there were subcollegiate students in varying numbers in most junior colleges (as well as in some degree-granting institutions). In the fall of 1955 there were 505 junior colleges; of these, 483 were of a nonteacher-preparing character, with a total enrollment of more than 336,000, and an average enrollment of nearly 700 per institution. Institutions under public control averaged more than 1,000 students per institution; those under private control, just under 260. The entire group of 483 institutions gave instruction to 12.6 percent of all resident students in higher education in continental United States and its outlying parts (table VI). 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table VI. — Resident college enrollment, junior colleges: 1917-18 to November 1955 1 Year All junior colleges Publicly controlled Privately controlled Num¬ ber Enroll¬ ment Num¬ ber Enroll¬ ment Num¬ ber Enroll¬ ment • 2 3 4 5 6 7 1917-18 . . . . . 46 4,504 14 1, 367 32 3, 137 1919-20 . . . . 52 8, 102 10 2,940 42 5, 162 1921-22 . . . . . 80 12, 124 17 4, 771 63 7, 353 1923-24. _ _ _ 132 20, 559 39 9, 240 93 11,319 1925-26 _ _ _ _ _ 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28 . . . . . . 248 44, 855 114 28, 437 134 16, 418 1929-30 . . . . . . . . 277 55, 616 129 36,501 148 19, 115 1931-32 . . . . . . 342 85, 063 159 58,887 183 26, 176 1933-34 . . . . . . . 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22,611 1935-36 . . . . - . . 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31, 896 1937-38 . . . . . . . 453 121, 510 209 82, 041 244 39, 469 1939-40 . . . . 456 149, 854 217 107, 553 239 42, 301 1941-42 . . . . 461 141, 272 231 100, 783 230 40, 489 1943-44 . . . 413 89, 208 210 60,884 203 28, 324 1945-46 . 464 156, 456 242 109, 640 222 46. 816 1947-48 . . . 472 240, 173 242 178, 196 230 61, 977 1949-50. . 483 242, 740 256 187, 695 227 55,045 1951-52 2 . . . 480 229. 991 265 182, 870 215 47, 121 1953-54 3 . . . . . . 498 326, 541 272 271, 379 226 55, 162 November 1955 4.. . . . . . 483 336, 106 270 281, 101 213 55, 005 Percent of all higher education . Average enrollment per institution . Analysis, November 1955 26.0 12.6 696 41.2 19.1 1,041 17.7 4.6 258 1 Data for 1917-18 to 1951-52 are for continental United States. Data for 1953-54 and 1955 are for aggregate United States. 2 Excludes 26 public junior colleges designated as normal schools, having a combined enrollment of 1,184. 3 Excludes 23 public junior colleges designated as normal schools or teachers colleges, having a combined enrollment of 1,108. 4 Excludes 22 public junior colleges designated as county teachers colleges or normal schools, having a combined enrollment of 1,314. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 19 Growth of Large Institutions The development of large, complex institutions is a distinctive characteristic of higher education in the United States. In some instances this largeness and complexity are the result of gathering together already large, carefully organized groups of students on one campus; in other cases, a group of two or more student bodies, some¬ times at localities widely separated over a State or even in different States, is administered as a single organization. The result of these two more or less parallel movements has been the growth of the large comprehensive, multicurricular and sometimes multicampus university. In the fall of 1955 (according to data not published in detail here) there were 41 institutions of this kind, each of which had a body of resident college-grade students numbering at least 10,000. Of this group, 32 enrolled 10,000 or more but fewer than 20,000; 6 had 20,000 or more but fewer than 30,000; and 3 had 30, 000 or more students. Eight of these 41 large institutions were in the single State of New York; the other 33 were scattered among 16 States and Puerto Rico. The nine largest institutions (those with 20,000 or more students) had a total of 242,034 students (9.1 percent of the National total). All except one of these 9 were under public control. Thus, not quite one-half of one percent of the 1,858 institutions in the country enrolled over 9 percent of the resident college-grade students. The average enrollment for all the 1,858 institutions in the Nation was 1,432; for all under public control, 2,247; and for all under private control 989 (tables VII — IX). For all institutions attended pre¬ dominantly by white persons it was 1,470 and for those attended predominantly by Negroes, 763. Corresponding averages for the fall of 1953 were: all institutions, 1,186; all publicly controlled, 1,763; all privately controlled, 866; all white, 1,218; and all Negro, 649. In the fall of 1951 the average for all institutions was 1,152 and in the fall of 1945 it was 610. Thus, the average fall enrollment of institu¬ tions of higher education has more than doubled in ten years. Table VII. — Number of institutions , by size of resident college student-body , control, type, and predominant race of students: November 1955 1954-56 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, Extremes, quartiles, and medians Smallest 2 r* 98 7 2, 305 1,802 2,305 150 11 r° 00 i-< 05 ?3 S CM 1 228 7 H ^3 Lower quartile eo 248 367 205 4, 328 4, 158 4, 559 CO Uo CO co Tt- CO 00 CO 500 CO 1-4 CM CM 90 CM b 325 1, 205 06 |r co iO CM CM CM CO 05 05 CO 05 CM CM Median w 519 890 435 7,112 7, 0i6 7, 222 loo s 1,853 584 CM 05 1,045 350 o o Uo 750 1,955 180 o CM CO iO CM CM 05 90 CM © co O CM — ' 00 lO Tf Upper quartile 3 1,400 2,419 897 11,352 12,275 10, 000 |§8 ii CO 098 ‘I 1,985 479 t*- Uo loo |cM 2,313 3, 750 OC CO | *0 Uo 00 90 r 05 *0 Uo r Uo O CO CM X 05 CO 1,444 902 Largest O 05 ifi 00 U9 3C lO 00®* 00 eo 38, 594 30, 825 r loo 18, 660 6,465 5,750 5,750 1,529 6,926 5,157 6. 926 1,872 00 r>- 00 CO 3, 339 3. 878 b | CM cd 16, 280 1,396 38, 594 3, 615 Institutions with enrollment of— 10,000 or more 05 *0 U? II P- cm ^ || co CM I CM i-4 n i j I ' 1 'r-J CM ! 5 i 5,000 to 9,999 OD 00 s CO CM o> co | CM u | || i i ° i i 87 2,500 to 4,999 ao o r* ■*« ^ ~ jj^s 00 00 r ^ i r ^ CO | i r CO ^ • O 00 1,000 to 2,499 90 00 05 W «j «| II ec i-H 1 1 CM II tO r- ic CM CM lag 67 1 2 | W 11^ -4 00 05 CO CO 287 11 500 to 999 us 00* ® ■** II b CM 00 lO ^ CM 1 T- Uo 53 4 1 UO Tf< 1-H | oj 23 1 4 19 l ^ 372 28 3 eg - 536 w e 2 % : t- CO CM 6 231 loo co 24 14 00 90 CM 1 o 40 CO l ^ 2° 500 36 Below 200 P5 378 r CM 00 j© iO lO Tf CO T-l | 05 90 t 1 1 T* 74 117 CO IO Aggregate United States, including outlying parts - 1,858 •O ffO *0 O 90 e* 2 09 18 | CM CO r CM O °°S 192 168 24 CM CM CM CM Tt* CM 120 © O 505 Is 1,760 98 Institutions, by control, type, and race - I. All institutions _ Publicly controlled _ Privately controlled _ II. By Type and Control: Universities _ _ Publicly controlled. . . Privately controlled. . . Liberal arts colleges . . . Publicly controlled . Privately controlled _ Teachers colleges. . . . Publicly controlled _ Privately controlled _ Technological schools . . Publicly controlled . . Privately controlled . . . Theological schools (all privately controlled) _ Other professional schools... _ Publicly controlled . . . . Privately controlled _ Junior colleges ‘ . . . Publicly controlled _ Privately controlled _ III. By Predominant Race of Stu¬ dents: White _ _ Negro _ _ 1 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 21 Table VIII. — Resident college enrollment , institutions of higher education , by size of resident college student-body , control , type , and predominant race of students: November 1955 Extremes, quartiles, and medians Smallest 2 2,305 1,802 2,305 »o 3 1 Tl 2 S3 2 Lower quartile 2 1,524 11 m 6, 741 IS 2, 226 627 1 1,083 318 1 11 -h'«N 1 1 i“s = i Is II 1 11 Median SS 4, 771 SI rfm* 11,384 12, 746 9,812 iO 5 4, 420 1,099 'JS 00 1,876 479 M O' ss 2 85 1,992 2, 524 415 5, 002 1,273 Upper quartile - s 15, 411 8, 736 24, 989 25, 670 20, 098 2 3 CO 8, 187 2. 137 £ N g SS m ? ui 1 3S| si ico c 1 SI N mm 11 1,396 38, 594 3,615 Resident college enrollment by size-group 10,000 or more OS 692, 480 gs 38 832,969 394, 212 238, 757 30, 735 28.786 ... _ Si 28.776' 28.776 — 692, 480 5,000 to 9,999 QO I - § 31 18 415,016 223, 827 191,189 s' 62,053 17,642 1 I © o | N III hs $ 601,094 2,500 to 4,999 406, 210 S3 ft 143, 269 83, 594 59. 675 s 58, 955 63, 423 S £ 56, 248 £ 14, 403 11,381 l ^ ' 12,314 3, 339 8. 975 $ 3 382, 798 23,412 1,000 to 2,499 co 5 3 31 ft 13,393 11,088 2,305 43, 651 180,387 § £ 104, 752 1,529 8 If Nto 4,099 13, 568 1,228 12. 340 70. 208 63. 023 7, 185 438, 365 17, 080 500 to 999 US 286, 588 97, 607 188,981 i 14,901 151,268 1 S 40, 060 2, 837 1 3, 379 924 1 8i 14, 735 2, 720 12,015 50,701 36. 547 14, 154 266,311 20, 277 200 to 499 - 178, 505 SS 82,061 2, 353 79, 708 i,253 iirari 8, 869 4,377 3,086 | 2, 316 770 12. 281 12, 565 1,416 11,149 55, 266 33. 430 21,836 166, 063 12, 442 Below 200 e* 41, 151 88 ! 1 CC 11 11 1 529 21 8, 008 i ig * i-f' g oT r-' 11,830 39, 601 1,550 Aggregate United States, including outlying parts N 2 -4 s 1,471,475 1, 189,998 1,204,647 712, 721 491,926 § 2 212, 950 499, 087 S' 221,502 9. 353 s 33, 184 53, 183 32, 171 57, 976 8,703 49. 273 § si §1 Sis * r >"2 c* ® > £ 8 2 00 S X S l! i 40 X X co 40 CM CM & 1 40 x ro 1 co »o i i 8 40 O CM CO Institutions attended predominantly by Negro students o D II * CO CM 1 — * 1 I >o r- 1 S3 1 40 r- ro 1 1 co 1 c-} O) I 40 1 «» Bo s| « (M s CM 05 CM s 1 05 CM © i! Iss r— CM 40 1 C © So •512 ” *- 40 40 05 X *-» CO CO u - ■§ “ 1! - CM 1 CO X © X CO ©- ~ 1 — CO = g CO f-' i X CM o r^- CO co" 05 cm" li X »“• cn - 'o © C/5 C3 O £ ; ti II u G 1 ^ 8 1 05 1 8 I cm" 1 oc 05 ss x 40 40 CM TT 05 X to 05 CO O^rjT CM CM 40 CO CM co X t>r 05 CO ^J*" 05 40 CM X ^ 1 1=3 ! ■§s ' ^ 8 1 1 - s ic 1 § 1 CO 1 1 x 858 i- 1 S 1 o i CO ] S2 1 05 CO rr 40 X j 05" ! CM ! 11 1 2*S“ s CO 05 | S- 1 * lO 1 -r tjT 1 8 ?58 40 X 1 X 1 CM ooo ! 00 2 ! C/5 *3 : 111 £8 ' 1 1 1 « 1 I i§ 40 CO eo 05 CM CO CM cm" X CO co" X CM CM 40 CM ^ cm" — " i cocs 1 40 X CM X CM co r— | c 1 1 >»o if 1 3 C i ^8 1 1 ** 1 1 lO 1 c5 I CM CO 05 cm" CO CO CM CO co % CM X 40 §2 ^5“ i xx CO X So CM 40 CO 05 Item 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 II 1 II 1 II 1 1 II 1 1 1 • 1 II 1 II 1 II I 1 1 1 1 II ' 11 ' 11 1 11 II 1 1 ll 1 II 1 II 1 II 1 II III 1 • 1 | 1 ' 1 ^ 1 II ' 'I ' II 1 ' I | ' II ^ 1 1 1 O ll II i ' i i ■** • • ' « tx ■ y. O ii i i i cj 'I , ii 1 i 'o *g 1 1 >» ■ 1 G j** ii r' ■! ii Z* t It i!| M |l ij = Ml M 1 1 ij | ij ii Ji a JS 1 JS 1 5 |j 1 jt « » I “ i " | 3 ^ ^ D h O Z fe 3fi c .2 1 — 3 ■§ £ I 8 =3 S w c ! £ See footnotes at end of table. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 •- "0 ■W v 2 3 .5 c so b ws 0 si "3 5 0 *2 *5 *8 S ip v> WS M O' c w "2 O 3 1! n ol»g_ fe.22 b£ c3 . u. c8 ,C c3 . Ss3 ^ P I i? o> I uS i si 2,3? 2o gojo Oa*& f .5? § g£§ ■O 5 8j £ 8 >.”0 "SJS 03 P II •gfl pH 8 j? 03 ^ 0 xj is 3 C Oh O 1C t'- CM* h 05 I 00 *-H CM CO 05 I -2 | 3 t CM S 38 to 05 CM as ro ^h CO CM I''- 00 CO 00 i-h CO ^ to 00 C/3 — -2 8 S G x> XJ aj q, .L. _© c/3 c S 03 o ?! o C ^ o oz &£ ^ 03 b£ 03 l| o C <_ o OZ 8£ •§1 2 D3 w eE ® o S Si X X 1 Publicly controlled. (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immedi- 2 Privately controlled. ately beyond high school. 3 Including community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges 1 Doctor’s degree not conferred by any institution in this group in 1955-56. HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 27 Percentage decreases from 1953-54 to 1955-56 appear in short- course enrollments and enrollments for individual lessons, as well as in extension and correspondence enrollments. Furthermore, data not published in this compilation indicate that summer session enroll¬ ments at institutions predominantly for the higher education of Negroes constituted a smaller percent of the National total in 1955 than in 1953. Institutions for the higher education of negro students in 1955-56 enrolled the same proportion of the Nation’s graduate students and conferred the same proportion of second-level degrees as in 1953-54. In 1955-56, as in 1953-54, they conferred no earned doctorates, although one institution of this group conferred a doctorate on one man in 1954-55. It should be clearly understood that the data here presented, like those on this subject presented in previous years, do not include all Negroes attending institutions of higher education. Many institutions in various sections of the country freely admit qualified students without reference to their racial origin. Data on enrollment of Negroes at these institutions are not collected by this Office. Finally, the data given here do not in themselves show the exact number of Negroes at the institutions surveyed. In some instances, non-Negroes have been registered at, and graduated from, institutions of this group. Although the number of these that have been included in the data is believed to be small, there appears no way of determining exactly how large or small it may be. Faculty Overall faculty size is commonly judged by the number of different persons on the faculty, including administrative, instructional, and other professional personnel. The 301,582 different persons on the faculties of institutions of higher education in November 1955 con¬ stituted an all-time high for the Nation. The total represented a gain of 33,554 persons, or 12.5 percent, over the November 1953 figures, the previous record high (table II). This gain continues an upward trend which has been in progress for many years. College faculties increased 8.8 percent from 1951-52 to November 1953, the last biennial period. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Figures for 1955 and 1953 are for November, whereas previous figures are for the entire academic year. Undoubtedly, figures for November are somewhat smaller than figures for corresponding academic years. The data do not indicate numbers of full-time equivalent persons for the entire faculty. If a faculty member served in more than one official capacity he was classified in each. By Control and Type of Institution Of the 301,582 different faculty members in November 1955, 161,345, or 53.5 percent, were employed in institutions under public control; and 140,237, or 46.5 percent, in institutions under private control (table XII). Corresponding percentages for the three pre¬ ceding bienniums are shown below: Period Public Private November 1953 _ 52. 3 47. 7 1951-52 _ 53. 5 46. 5 1949-50 _ 50. 6 49. 4 In November 1955, universities employed 167,530 on their faculties (55.6 percent of the total), and liberal arts colleges, 63,465 (21.0 percent). The other 23.4 percent were employed in junior colleges (8.0 percent), teachers colleges (5.7 percent), technological schools (3.7 percent), theological schools (1.1 percent), and “other profes¬ sional schools” (4.9 percent). A study of changes in the proportion of total faculty employed in different types of institutions is complicated by changes in the number or classification of institutions. Thus, in November 1953 there were 115 separately organized theological schools; in 1955 there were 124. In 1953 there were 53 separately organized technological schools; in 1955, only 44. Between November 1953 and November 1955 the largest proportionate increase in faculty occurred in the theological schools (23.0 percent). Other increases occurred in universities (17.3 percent), junior colleges (16.5 percent), liberal arts colleges (13.1 percent), and separately organized teachers colleges (7.8 percent). Decreases in the number of faculty members occurred in separately organized technological schools (—23.3 percent) and in “other pro¬ fessional schools/’ (—2.6 percent). HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 29 Table XII. — Faculty, by control and type of institution, and by sex of faculty member: aggregate United States, November 1955 and summer sessions, 1955 Item Number Percent All insti- 1 tutions 1 Publicly controlled Privately controlled All insti- j tutions Publicly 1 controlled Privately controlled * 2 3 • 5 6 7 I. NOVEMBER 1955 Total faculty _ 301,582 161,345 140,237 100.0 53.5 46.5 Men _ 232, 107 123,256 108,851 I 77.0 40.9 36.1 Women _ _ _ 69, 475 38,089 31, 386 23.0 12.6 10.4 UNIVERSITIES-. - -- - - 167, 530 103,357 64, 173 55.6 34.3 21.3 Men - - - --- --. 138, 382 83,166 55, 216 45.9 27.6 18.3 Women _ _ _ _ _ 29, 148 20,191 8, 957 9.7 6.7 | 3.0 Liberal Arts Colleges _ _ 63,465 15, 979 47,486 21.0 5.3 15.7 Men... -- _ _ _ _ _ _ 41, 679 10,563 31, 116 i 13.8 3.5 10.3 Women - - - - 21, 786 5,416 16,370 7.2 1.8 5.4 Teachers Colleges - 17,134 16, 071 1,063 5.7 5.3 .4 Men.. . . . ------- 9,823 9, 405 418 3.3 3.1 .2 Women. . . . . . . 7,311 6,666 645 2.4 2.2 .2 Technological Schools _ ... 11, 308 3, 775 7,533 3.7 1.2 2.5 Men . . . . . . . 10. 755 3, 644 7,111 3.5 1.2 2.4 Women... . . . . . 553 131 422 .2 0) | -1 Theological Schools . . . 3,222 3,222 1. 1 1.1 Men _ . . . . _ . 2,627 2,627 .9 .9 Women .. ___ _ _ 595 595 .2 .2 Other Professional Schools _ __ . 14, 720 4, 435 10, 285 4.9 1.5 3.4 Men _ _ _ _ 12, 395 3, 848 8, 547 4.1 1.3 2.8 Women . . ... - . ... 2, 325 587 1,738 .8 • 2 .6 Junior Colleges 2.. . . . ... 24, 203 17, 728 6, 475 8.0 5.9 2.1 Men _ _ _ _ 16, 446 12,630 3, 816 5.4 4.2 1.2 Women . . . . . _ 7, 757 5,098 2,659 2.6 1.7 .9 II. SUMMER SESSIONS, 1955 Total faculty _ 74, 501 43, 204 31, 297 100.0 58.0 42.0 Men _ 56, 202 33, 412 22, 790 75.4 44.9 30.6 Women.. . .. _ . _ _ 18, 299 9,792 8, 507 24.6 13.1 11.4 Universities _ ... 32, 809 21, 920 10, 889 44.1 29.4 14.6 Men _ ... _ _ 27, 364 18, 332 9, 032 36.8 24.6 12. 1 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ 5, 445 3, 588 1,857 7.3 4.8 2.5 Liberal Arts Colleges ... _ _ 22, 437 7, 254 15, 183 30. 1 9.7 20.4 Men _ 14, 998 5,200 9,798 20. 1 7.0 13.2 Women..-.- _ ... _ _ ... 7, 439 2, 054 5, 385 10.0 2.7 7.2 Teachers Colleges _ 10, 662 9,989 673 14.3 13.4 .9 Men _ 7, 004 6,702 302 9.4 9.0 .4 Women.. _ .. . _ _ ... 3,658 3,287 371 4.9 4. 4 .5 Technological Schools. . ... _ . 1,722 827 895 2.3 1.1 1.2 Men _ 1,673 800 873 2.2 1.1 1.2 Women _ . _ _ _ 49 27 22 . 1 (*) 0) See footnotes at end of table. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table XII. — Faculty , by control and type of institution , and by sex of faculty member: aggregate United States , November 1955 and summer sessions , 1955 — Continued Number Percent Item All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II. SUMMER SESSIONS, 1955— Con. Theological Schools . .. . _ 538 538 Men . . 482 482 . 6 . 6 Women . .. . . . . 56 56 . 1 .1 Other Professional Schools 2,092 45 2, 047 2.8 . 1 2.8 Men.. _ _ 1,675 417 44 1,631 416 2.2 . 1 2.2 Women .. _ _ _ _ . .. 1 . 6 (9 .6 Junior Colleges 2 . . 4, 241 3, 169 1,072 5.7 4.3 1.4 Men 3, 006 1,235 2, 334 835 672 4.0 3.2 .9 Women. _ _ .. _ .. .. 400 1.7 1. 1 .5 Note.— Faculty not reduced to full-time equivalent. 1 Negligible. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond the high school. By Sex In November 1955 women constituted 23.0 percent of the faculties in all higher educational institutions in the Nation (table XIII). In November 1953 the percentage was 23.1 ; in 1951-52, 23.5; in 1949-50, 24.5; and in 1899-1900, 19.8. In November 1955, faculty in publicly controlled institutions in¬ cluded 23.6 percent women and in privately controlled institutions, 22.4 percent. Among the various types of colleges and universities, higher percentages of women were found in teachers colleges (42.7 percent), liberal arts colleges (34.3 percent), and junior colleges (32.0 percent) . HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 31 Table XIII. — Faculty by sex: continental United States, 1899-1900 to Novem¬ ber 1955; and aggregate United States ,2 November 1953 and 1955 Item Number Percent Total Men Women Men Women * 2 3 4 5 6 1899-1900 _ 23, 868 19, 151 4,717 80.2 19.8 1909-10 _ 36, 480 29, 132 7, 348 12, 808 79.9 20. 1 1919-20 _ 48, 615 35, 807 73.7 26.3 1929-30 _ 82, 386 60, 017 22, 369 72.8 27.2 1939-40 _ 146,929 106, 328 40, 601 72.4 27.6 1941-42 _ _ _ 151, 066 109. 309 41, 757 72.4 27.6 1943-44 _ _ 150, 980 106, 254 44, 726 70.4 29.6 1945-46 _ 165, 324 223, 660 116, 134 49, 190 70.2 29.8 1947-48 _ 164, 616 59, 044 60, 533 73.6 26.4 1949-50 _ 246, 722 186, 189 75.5 24.5 1951- 52 _ 244, 488 187, 136 57, 352 76.5 23.5 November 1953: Continental United States _ _ 265, 911 204, 871 61, 040 77.0 23.0 Aggregate United States 2 _ _ 268, 028 206, 205 61, 823 76.9 23. 1 November 1955: Continental United States _ 298, 910 230, 342 68, 568 77.1 22.9 Aggregate United States 2 _ 301, 582 232, 107 69, 475 77.0 23.0 By control: Public _ 161, 345 123, 256 38, 089 76.4 23.6 Private _ _ 140, 237 108. 851 31,386 77.6 22.4 1 Total number different persons (not reduced to full-time equivalency basis). 2 Continental United States and outlying parts. By Type of Work As previously noted, the total of 301,582 faculty members in November 1955 is the number of different persons engaged in the various types of activities, rather than their full-time equivalent. In November 1955 246,455 persons were engaged in resident in¬ structional work. Of this number, 229,635 were teaching courses of college grade, 8,305 were teaching courses of other than college grade (vocational and adult education), and 8,515 were engaged in profes¬ sional library work. Faculty for courses of college grade included 199,332 persons with the rank of instructor or above (and department heads), and 30,303 persons on the junior instructional staff (assistant instructors, teaching fellows, teaching assistants, and laboratory assistants) . In the category “other professional staff, ” 22,223 persons were em¬ ployed in administrative work and 27,056 in organized research ac¬ tivities (including 7,381 at land-grant institutions). Extension faculty included 12,396 conducting extension courses: 3,742 persons in agriculture and home economics; 10,660 district and county exten¬ sion agents for agriculture, home economics, and 4-H clubs; and 504 persons in other types of extension service. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Instructional staff for correspondence, short courses, and individual lessons numbered 10,211. Staff for elementary and secondary instruction numbered 8,245, including 1,038 in high-school grades of junior colleges and 7,207 in laboratory, demonstration, or training schools. Of this latter groups, 3,861 were in elementary and 3,346 in secondary schools (table XIV). Tablf' XIV. — Instructional staff for elementary or secondary instruction in institutions of higher education , by level of instruction, and by control and type of institution: aggregate United States , November 1955 Level of instruction or type of institution Total Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions Instructional staff for elementary or secondary instruction _ By Level of Instruction: Secondary _ . _ _ . 8,245 5, 381 2, 864 4,384 2,530 1,854 In high school grades of unified high school-junior college >.. In laboratory, demonstration, or training schools, and others2. Nursery, kindergarten, and elementary _ By Type of Institution: Universities _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,038 3. 346 191 2,339 847 1,007 3,861 2,851 1,010 2, 224 1,870 2, 971 75 89 1, 016 1, 533 768 2, 821 691 1,102 150 75 89 757 Liberal arts colleges Teachers colleges _ . _ _ _ _ Theological schools Other professional schools.. _ .. . _ _ _ _ Junior colleges 3 259 1 Public high school-junior college combinations were requested to report instructional staff for the high- school grades ONLY if this staff were not already reported jthrough regular channels the State department of education. 2 Includes secondary or preparatory department of a college, devoted primarily to completing the prepara¬ tion of students for admission to colleges; and schools that are staffed and operated by the institution as a convenience to the community. 3 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. Between November 1953 and November 1955, the largest propor¬ tionate increase in faculty, 33.8 percent, occurred in faculty for general administration. This increase was probably caused in large part by the fact that “professional staff for student personnel services,, was explicitly included in faculty for general administration in the 1955 questionnaire, but not in the 1953. The smallest increase, 6.1 percent, occurred in extension faculty giving courses. In view of the instruc¬ tional problems engendered by growing enrollments, it appears signifi¬ cant that the increase of 15.8 percent in faculty for organized research more than kept pace with the increase of 11.0 percent in faculty for resident instruction (both degree-credit and nondegree credit). Between November 1953 and November 1955, faculty for resident instruction in courses of college grade increased 10.1 percent (table XV). HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 33 TabI XV. — Resident instructional staff for courses of college grade: conti¬ nental United States, 1929-30 to November 1955, and aggregate United States, November 1953 and 1955 Year Num¬ ber 1 Biennial increase 2 Year Num¬ ber 1 Biennial increase 2 Num¬ ber Percent Num¬ ber Percent 1 2 3 4 * 2 3 4 1929-30 _ 82, 386 6,306 8.3 November 1953: 1931-32 _ 88, 172 5, 786 7.0 Continental United 1933-34 _ 86, 914 -1,258 -1.4 States ... 207, 365 23, 607 12.8 1935-36 _ 92, 580 5,666 6.5 Aggregate United 1937-38 102, 895 10, 315 11. 1 States 208, 547 3 23, 721 3 12. 8 1939-40 _ 110,885 7,990 7.8 1941-42 _ 114,693 3, 808 3.4 November 1955: 1943-44 _ 105, 841 -8, 852 —7. 7 Continental United 1945-46 - 125, 811 19, 970 18.9 States . . 228, 188 20, 823 10.0 1947-48 _ 174, 204 48, 393 38.5 Aggregate United 1949-50 190, 353 16, 149 9.3 States . . _ __ 229, 635 21,088 10. 1 1951-52 _ 183, 758 -6, 595 -3.5 1 Collegiate, professional, and graduate; subcollegiate teachers not included; critic teachers included from 1945-46 on; not reduced to full-time equivalent. 2 Decrease shown by a minus sign (— ). 3 Gain from academic year 1951-52 to November 1953. Faculty Organization in Institutions Cognate to a summarization of the number of faculty members in the different types of higher educational activity is a summary of the number of institutions employing faculty members in the various categories. Data on this point are assembled in table XVI; since this type of analysis was not undertaken in previous years, historical comparisons are not possible. All 1,858 institutions of higher education had administrative officers, as well as instructional staff members, with rank of instructor or above. Junior instructional staff (assistant instructors, teaching fellows, laboratory assistants, and similar instructional personnel) were reported at 704, or 37.9 percent of all institutions. Of these 704 institutions, 239 were under public control and 465 under private. Of the 141 institutions listed as universities, only 6 reported no junior instructional staff. Professional library staff was reported by 1,793, or 96.5 percent of the entire group of institutions. This leaves 65 institutions (3.5 per¬ cent of the entire group) which did not have at least one professionally trained person on their library staff (table XVI). Of these 65 institu¬ tions, 31 were junior colleges and 24 were professional schools of a type in which a large library is of less importance than other types of educational equipment, and where a trained librarian is not so likely to be needed as in a school of the academic type. The remaining 10 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 institutions consist of 3 liberal arts colleges and 7 professional schools, in each of which at least one professionally trained library staff person would normally be expected. The data show an emphasis on organized (separately budgeted) research work, evidenced by the fact that more than one-sixth of all the institutions in the country reported personnel engaged in this activity. (The exact number of institutions thus reporting was 317, 17.1 percent of all institutions.) This proportion ran higher among the publicly controlled institutions, where 125 (19.1 percent of this group) had staffs for organized research. It was lower among in¬ stitutions under private control, where 192, or 16.0 percent of the total of 1,203 institutions, reported personnel for organized research. It is not surprising to note that 117 of the 141 universities reported personnel for organized research; it is noteworthy that in at least 6 junior colleges there were persons assigned to this type of activity. At 75 institutions a special staff was set up to offer secondary in¬ struction of the general academic or college preparatory type. At 210 institutions, laboratory, demonstration, or practice schools were oper¬ ated for the purpose of training secondary teachers; at 383 institu¬ tions facilities were offered for this training on the elementary school level. Extension work on the college level was offered at 419 institutions and on the noncollege level at 94 institutions. Some institutions offered extension work on both levels. Correspondence work on the college level was offered at 169 insti¬ tutions, and on the noncollege level at 57 institutions (there is doubt¬ less some overlap between these two groups). Institutions offering adult education numbered 294, more than half of this group being junior colleges. Terminal-occupational work was available at 161 institutions. Again, more than half of this group were junior colleges. Short courses, commonly thought of as courses of instruction run¬ ning at least 4 separate days, but not continuing through a term or semester, were offered at 129 institutions, of which 116 were either universities, liberal arts colleges, or junior colleges. Instructors were available for individual lessons at 20 percent of the 1,858 institutions covered by the present compilation. Of the 364 which reported this type of activity, 193 were liberal arts colleges and 22 were independent professional schools. In many of these latter schools, especially those offering music, art, speech, and other cul¬ tural subjects, teachers working on an individual instruction, and perhaps a commission, basis, are probably omitted from the count of teaching faculty reported to the Office of Education. Table XVI. — Number of institutions reporting faculty in certain types of work , by type and control of institution: United States , November 1955 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS AND DEGREES 35 See footnote at end of table 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Predominant race of students Negro »o 050 1 35 23 12 1 ^ CM 13 11 CM (N ; CO P5 | 1 i White O 195 co cm I1 r-* 00 348 214 134 395 235 160 92 iO U- koco 166 118 48 1 B o l E-1 Junior colleges 1 . CO ^ I 33 2 ^ | 32 24 8 04 O CM 1—1 00 I Other profes¬ sional schools » ! j CO i c o | 1 10 CO | 1 2 3 4 All Institutions _ _ _ _ _ 65 27 38 By Type: U niversities . . . . . . Liberal arts colleges _ 3 3 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 1 Technological schools _ 2 2 Theological schools _ _ _ 3 3 Other professional schools _ 24 2 22 Junior colleges 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 22 9 By Predominant Race of Students: White . . . . . . . 64 26 38 Negro . . . . . . . 1 1 1 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond the high school. Instructional Staff , by Percent of Time Employed In November 1955 there were 199,332 different persons offering resident instruction and holding the rank of instructor or above (table XVI). This figure represented 152,471 full-time equivalent faculty of this grade. In November 1953 there were 182,028 different persons of this description; their full-time equivalent was 140,304. Between the two dates the number of teaching officers with the rank of instructor or above increased 9.5 percent while their full-time equivalent increased 8.7 percent. This suggests a slight increase in the proportion of part-time persons on the staff for resident instruction. In 1955 the full-time equivalent was 76.5 percent of the total number of different persons on the instructional staff, this percent running higher among women than among men. This percent also varied widely among the different types of institution, from teachers colleges at more than 90 percent to the group known as “other professional schools’’ at barely 50 percent. The percent serves as a rough measure of dependence on part-time teaching: the higher the percent of full-time faculty, the less the dependence on part-time teaching. Table XVIII. — Number and full-time equivalent, faculty members u>ith rank of instructor or above, by control and type of institution and by sex of faculty member : aggregate United States, November 1955 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 39 Privately controlled institutions Full-time equivalent Percent of total o 73.7 72.2 79.3 65.9 65.3 70.7 84.3 84.5 84. 1 79.2 I lO CM 00 0 06 90.0 90. 7 84.1 84.6 80.5 Number a> 73, 525 57, 199 16, 326 29,331 25,886 3, 445 31,502 21, 458 10, 044 619 eo go lO o CM CO 2, 653 2, 604 49 1,950 1,710 240 Total faculty members QO 99, 760 79,177 20,538 44,525 39, 651 4, 874 37, 347 25, 406 11,941 £ 337 445 2,947 s?s oo 2, 319 2,021 298 Publicly controlled institutions Full-time equivalent Percent of total 79.3 78.4 82.7 78.2 77.7 81.0 86.4 86. 1 86.9 92.0 93.2 89.9 83.0 83.0 83.9 Number 40 <0 a* GO 61,943 17, 003 43, 316 36,613 6,703 10, 237 7,069 3,168 11,394 7, 269 4, 125 3,297 3, 146 151 Total faculty members 99, 572 79,002 20, 550 55, 421 47, 141 8,280 11,852 8,207 3, 645 12, 389 7,803 4, 586 3, 972 3,792 180 All institutions Full-time equivalent Percent of total 76.5 75.3 81.0 LZL 72.0 77. 1 84.8 84.9 84.8 91.2 92.4 89.3 86.0 86.0 85.5 84.1 84.6 80.5 Number sf $8 ** e* 72, 647 62, 499 10, 148 41, 739 28, 527 13, 212 12, 013 7,522 4, 491 5, 950 5, 750 200 1, 950 1,710 240 Total faculty members 199, 332 158, 199 41, 133 99, 946 86, 792 13, 154 49, 199 33, 613 15, 586 13, 171 8, 140 5,031 6,919 6,685 234 2, 319 2,021 298 , Type of institution, sex of faculty member - I. All institutions: Total _ Men _ Women _ __ II. Universities: Total _ Men _ _ _ Women _ III. Lireral Arts Colleges: Total _ Men _ Women _ IV. Teachers Colleges: Total _ Men _ _ Women. __ _ _ V. Technological Schools: Total _ Men _ Women... _ VI. Theological Schools: Total _ Men _ Women 473261 0-58- -4 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 41 Summer Session Faculty In the summer of 1955 instruction was offered at 1,266, or 68.1 percent, of the 1,858 colleges and universities. This instruction was accomplished through one or more regular summer sessions in 1,182 institutions, and through a fourth quarter in 116; 32 institutions included both a summer session and a fourth quarter (table XIX). It appears that the total of all faculty rosters for the various summer sessions of 1955 was 74,501. Since a faculty member was counted once for each summer session in which he taught, however, it is not possible from the data at hand to state how many different persons were actually engaged in this activity. The 74,501 faculty members reported for all summer instruction in 1955 included 56,202 men (75.4 percent) and 18,299 women (24.6 percent). This division by sex was not greatly different from that calculated for November 1955 when 77.0 percent of the group were men and 23.0 percent were women. The number of faculty members employed by institutions for the main summer session of 1955 was 57,985, of whom 43,368 (74.8 percent) were men and 14,617 (25.2 percent) were women. Universities employed 44.1 percent of the faculty for summer instruction, as contrasted with 55.6 percent in November 1955 (table XII). Liberal arts colleges, on the other hand, employed 30.1 percent of the summer total, as contrasted with only 21.0 percent for the regular session. Similarly, teachers colleges accounted for 14.3 percent of the summer faculties, and only 5.7 percent of faculties for the regular session. Other groups of institutions (technological schools, theological schools, other professional schools, and junior colleges) reported a smaller portion of faculty members for the summer of 1955 than for the regular session which followed it. Publicly controlled institutions employed a somewhat larger propor¬ tion (58.0 percent) of the summer faculty in 1955 than for the regular session (53.5 percent). Table XIX. — Number of institutions reporting various types of summer session organization , by type and control of institution : aggregate United States , 1955 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Predominant race of students Negro - m 1 & 1 CO M CO 37 X 05 1 ° m f— i White O in 41 70 1, 113 co cn 11 20 1 200 308 138 61 77 Type of institution Junior colleges 2 o CC X X 224 140 84 2 46 22 I *0 04 Other pro¬ fessional schools a© CO ^ 0* 2 2 58 | 0 1 15 l ^ • ^ Theological schools i • P- CO CO 27 1 N I l ^ • o 1 Technolog¬ ical schools o Os Tf iO © -H 1 00 Teachers colleges O CO CO 163 143 20 1 ^ 82 2 h- CO cs Liberal arts colleges - $ 10 S3 534 74 460 1 ” 260 41 219 3 M - «— • CO 133 79 54 1 Oj 05 CO X 51 33 S 21 17 All institu¬ tions report¬ ing summer session > W CO 1, 182 448 734 32 12 20 545 C4 CO 144 81 99 | 3 05 C 'o o c 8 J CS a 3 SJ = o Q > e- - Fourth Quarter: All institutions _ _ Publicly controlled . . . . Privately controlled _ One or More Summer Sessions: 3 All institutions _ _ Publicly controlled _ Privately controlled.. _ Fourth Quarter and One or More Summer Sessions: All institutions _ Privately controlled _ _ Two or More Summer Sessions: 3 All institutions.. _ _ Publicly controlled _ Privately controlled _ Three or More Summer Sessions: 3 All institutions _ _ _ Publicly controlled _ Privately controlled _ .. _ _ 1 Total number of institutions reporting summer sessions, 1955. The total number of 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges institutions of higher education in the Nation in 1955-56 was 1,858 (cf. table I). (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immedi¬ ately beyond the high school. 2 Other than fourth quarter. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 43 Students In November 1955 there were 2,661,473 resident students of col¬ lege grade enrolled in institutions of higher education in the aggregate United States. This total represented an increase of 443,186, or 20.0 percent, over the November 1953 total. An estimated 3,023,000 resident college students 4 were enrolled in the academic year 1955-56, a gain of approximately 480,000 over 1953-54 (table XX). This estimated total represents a new high for the Nation. It is about 13 percent above 1949-50, the previous high, which was itself characterized by a large influx of World War II veterans. In 1955 November enrollment was about 88 percent of the esti¬ mated academic-year enrollment. November enrollment does not include transfers from campus to campus, or from school to school on the same campus. It does not include entries into college at mid¬ year or at the start of the 2d or 3d quarter. Cumulative enrollment collected at the end of the academic year, on the other hand, generally includes both duplications and additions. Tabl° XX. — Resident college enrollment, regular session and summer ses¬ sion^): continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56 ; and aggregate United States, 1953-54 to 1955—56 Regular session Summer session 1 Year Enrollment Biennial increase 2 3 Enrollment Biennial increase 2 Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929-30 _ _ 1, 100, 737 46, 782 4.4 388, 755 4,900 1.3 1931-32 _ 1, 154, 117 53, 380 4.9 414, 260 25, 505 6.6 1933-34 _ 1, 055, 360 -98, 757 -8.6 303, 754 -110, 506 -26.7 1935-36 _ 1, 208. 227 152, 867 14.5 370, 026 66. 272 21.8 1937-38 _ 1, 350, 905 142, 678 11.8 429, 864 59, 838 16.2 1939-40 _ 1, 494, 203 143, 298 10.6 456, 679 26, 815 6.2 1941-42 _ 1, 403, 990 -90, 213 -6.0 426, 849 -29, 830 -6.5 1943-44 _ 1, 155, 272 -248, 718 -17.7 376, 334 -50, 515 -11.8 1945-46 _ 1, 676, 851 521, 579 45. 1 515, 602 139, 268 37.0 1947-48 _ 2, 616, 262 939, 411 56.0 955, 429 439, 827 85.3 1949-50 _ 2, 659, 021 42, 759 1.6 943, 021 -12,408 -1.3 1951-52 _ 2, 301, 884 -357, 137 -13.4 880, 752 -62, 269 -6.6 1953-54: Continental United States... _ 2, 514, 712 212, 828 9.2 796, 970 -83, 782 -9.5 Aggregate United States _ 2, 534, 709 215, 213 9.3 807, 724 -82, 668 -9.3 1955-56: Continental United States _ 3 2, 996, 000 481, 288 19.1 1, 047, 068 250, 098 31.4 Aggregate United States _ . 3 3, 023, 000 488, 291 19.3 1, 062, 500 254, 776 31.5 1 Preceding the regular session, i. e., summer session for 1929 preceding the regular session 1929-30, etc. 2 Decrease shown by a minus sign (— ). 3 Estimated. 4 Enrollment data were not collected for the 1955-56 total academic year 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Enrollment of students in college grade work during the summer of 1955, for all summer sessions and fourth quarter, climbed to 1,047,068 (continental United States). This total represented the highest summer enrollment ever recorded: it was 9.6 percent above the pre¬ vious record set in the summer of 1947. By Sex The 2,661,473 resident students of college grade registered in No¬ vember 1955 (table XXI) included 1,761,519 men (66.2 percent) and 899,954 women (33.8 percent). This proportion of women is some¬ what less than the 35.9 percent reported in November 1953, although the actual number of women enrolled in November 1955 (899,954) was more than a hundred thousand greater than the corresponding number enrolled in November 1953 (795,853). A wartime peak in the proportion of women students was reached in the academic year 1943-44: 49.9 percent. Not shown in the tabulations is the fact that in November 1955 the percents of women students in the various types of institution were: teachers colleges, 51.4; liberal arts colleges, 43.7; junior colleges, 33.6; universities, 27.6; other professional schools, 21.8; theological schools, 20.9; and technological schools, 6.2 percent. The descending order of these percentages by institution in November 1953 was exactly the same as in 1955, but the percents of women in the various schools were for the most part lower in 1955 than in 1953. This is due to the fact that, whereas enrollment of women in all institutions increased by approximately 13 percent during the 2-year period, enrollment of men increased by nearly 24 percent. The proportion of women students in all publicly controlled institutions in November 1955 was 34.3 per¬ cent; in all privately controlled institutions it was 33.2 percent. In the summer of 1955 the total enrollment of 1,062,500 students included 580,231 men (54.6 percent) and 482,269 women (45.4 per¬ cent). Corresponding percents for the summer of 1953 were: men, 52.2, and women, 47.8. HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 45 Table XXI. — Resident college enrollment , by sex , and by control and type of institution: aggregate United States , November 1955 and summer 1955 Resident college enrollment Percent Item All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled All insti¬ tutions Publicly ! controlled Privately controlled • 2 3 4 5 6 7 I. November 1955 Total enrollment _ 2,661,473 1,471,475 1, 189, 998 100.0 ! 55.3 44.7 Men. -- - _ . 1, 761, 519 899, 954 966, 798 504, 677 794, 721 395, 277 66.2 36.3 29. 9 33.8 19.0 14.8 1,204,647 712,721 491, 926 45.3 26.8 18.5 Men _ .. . . 872,227 332, 420 511,654 201, 067 360, 573 131, 353 32.8 19.2 13. 5 12.5 7.6 4.9 712,037 212, 950 499, 087 j 26.7 8.0 18.7 401, 116 310, 921 113, 101 99, 849 288, 015 211,072 15. 1 4.2 10.8 11.7 3.8 7.9 230, 855 221,502 i 9,353 8. 7 8.3 .3 112,230 118,625 109, 990 111, 512 2, 240 1 7, 113 4.2 4. 1 . 1 4.5 4.2 .3 Technological schools _ _ _ 86,367 33,184 | 53, 183 3.2 | 1.2 2.0 Men _ _ _ _ - 81, 030 5,337 31, 666 1,518 49, 364 3, 819 3.0 1.2 1.8 Women _ _ _ .2 .1 . 1 Theological schools. .. _ .. 32,171 1. | 32, 171 12 | 1.2 Men _ _ _ 25,450 6,721 | 25, 450 6, 721 .9 .9 Women . _ _ _ _ .3 .3 Other professional schools . 57,976 8,703 1 49, 273 2.2 .3 . u 1.9 Men _ ... 45,360 12, 616 6,816 1,887 38,544 10, 729 1.7 .2 1.4 Women _ _ .5 . 1 .4 Junior colleges 2 _ _ _ 337,420 282, 415 55, 005 12.7 10.6 2.1 Men _ _ _ _ 224, 106 113,314 193, 571 88, 844 30, 535 24, 470 8.4 7.3 1. 1 Women. . .. _ 4.3 3.3 .9 II. Summer Sessions, 1955 Total enrollment _ 1, 062, 500 650, 408 412, 092 100.0 61.2 38.8 Men. _ _ _ 580,231 482, 269 358, 214 292, 194 222, 017 54.6 33.7 20.9 Women _ _ _ 190, 075 45.4 27.5 17.9 Universities _ 487,093 301, 751 185, 342 45.8 28.4 17.4 Men. _ _ _ _ 308, 916 178, 177 197, 495 111, 421 73, 921 29. 1 18.6 10.5 Women _ _ _ 104, 256 16.8 9.8 7.0 Liberal arts colleges . . . . . 295,571 119, 700 175,871 27.8 11.3 16.6 Men... . . . 128,465 167,106 51,638 68, 062 76, 827 99, 044 12. 1 4.9 7.2 Women.. _ . . .......... 15.7 6.4 9.3 Teachers colleges _ . 169, 914 160, 254 9,660 16.0 15.1 I .9 Men _ _ _ _ _ 65, 178 63,016 97, 238 2,162 7, 498 6. 1 5.9 .2 Women.. . .. .. _ _ 104, 736 9.9 9.2 . 7 Technological schools 21,689 10, 610 11,079 2.0 1.0 1.0 Men.. _ _ . _ _ 20,089 1,600 9, 297 1,313 10,792 287 1.9 .9 1.0 Women... _ .1 .1 (0 See footnotes at end of table. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table XXI. — Resident college enrollment, by sex, and by control and type of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 and summer 1955 — Continued Resident college enrollment Percent Item All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled A 11 insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 II. Summer Sessions, 1955— Continued Theological schools _ 5,755 5,755 .5 . 5 Men. _ _ _ _ 4,797 958 4,797 .5 .5 Women.. . _ __ 957 .1 .1 Other professional schools _ 11,888 279 11, 609 1.1 0) 1.1 Men. _ 8,727 3, 161 276 8,451 .8 0) (9 .8 Women . . . 3 3, 158 .3 .3 Junior colleges * _ 70,590 57, 814 12, 776 6.6 5.4 1.2 Men. _ 44, 059 26,531 36, 492 21, 322 7,567 5,209 4. 1 3.4 .7 Women _ 2.5 2.0 .5 1 Less than 0.05 percent. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond the high school. Note.— Because of separate rounding, totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the parts. By Control and Type of Institution Of all resident college students, 55.3 percent were enrolled in insti¬ tutions under public control in November 1955 (table XXII). By comparison, 53.0 percent of all students were enrolled in publicly controlled institutions in November 1953 and 50.6 percent in the academic year 1951-52. During the past several decades the per¬ centage of total resident college enrollment reported in publicly con¬ trolled institutions has exhibited some irregular fluctuations. In 1935-36 this percentage was 46.2; in 1937-38, 51.0; in 1943-44, 48.1; and in 1949-50, 51.0. Publicly controlled teachers colleges enrolled 95.9 percent of the students in all teachers colleges; publicly controlled junior colleges, 83.7 percent; and publicly controlled universities, 59.2 percent. On the other hand, privately controlled liberal arts colleges enrolled 70.1 percent of the students in all liberal arts colleges; privately controlled technological schools, 61.6 percent; and privately controlled other independent professional schools, 85.0 percent. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 47 Among all resident college students in both publicly and privately controlled institutions, 4 in 9 (45.3 percent) were enrolled in a univer¬ sity; 1 in 4 (26.7 percent) was enrolled in a liberal arts college; and 1 in 8 (12.7 percent), in a junior college. Thus, institutions which offered liberal arts as a basic part of their curriculum enrolled five- sixths of all resident college students. The other one-sixth of all stu¬ dents were found in teachers colleges (8.7 percent), technological schools (3.2 percent), theological schools (1.2 percent), and other independent professional schools (2.2 percent). Because of lack of data on enrollment by type of curriculum pursued, these percents are based upon enrollments of entire institutions, as administrative entities. Thus, the enrollment of a school of education in a university is tabulated as part of the university, while the liberal arts enrollment of a teachers college is tabulated as part of the teachers college total. Junior colleges and teachers colleges led all other types of insti¬ tutions, with increases of 26.9 and 26.8 percent, respectively, between November 1953 and November 1955. Total resident college enroll¬ ment in institutions classified as separately organized technological schools showed an apparent decrease of 15.6 percent; this decrease, however, reflects reclassification of institutions between November 1953 and November 1955, rather than a real decline (compare Office of Education Circulars 419, 460, and 496). An overall increase of 20.0 percent in resident college enrollment between November 1953 and November 1955 included a 20.8 percent increase in undergraduate enrollments and a 12.2 percent increase in graduate enrollments. In November 1955 graduate enrollments constituted 9.4 percent of total resident enrollments; in November 1953, 10.1 percent; in 1949-50, 8.9 percent; and in 1939-40, 7.1 percent. The summer sessions of 1955 found 61.2 percent of the college grade students enrolled in publicly controlled institutions; the percentage for the summer of 1953 was 60.0. In the summer of 1955, universities, liberal arts colleges, and independent professional schools of all types enrolled 77.3 percent of the total; teachers colleges, 16.0 percent; and junior colleges, 6.7 percent. Corresponding percentages for the summer of 1953 were 76.6, 16.5, and 6.9, respectively. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 Table XXII. — Resident college enrollment, by sex, level, and control of institution: aggregate United States,1 1939-40 to November 1955 Item Resident college enrollment Percent All students Men Women All students Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 All institutions: Total _ 1, 502, 176 897, 047 605, 129 100.0 59.7 40.3 106,000 1, 396, 176 67, 528 829, 519 38, 472 566, 657 7.1 92.9 4.5 55.2 2.6 37.7 Publicly controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ _ _ 804, 241 473, 657 330, 584 53.5 31.5 22.0 44, 814 759, 427 30, 150 443, 507 14, 664 315, 920 3.0 50.5 2.0 29.5 1.0 21.0 Privately controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ _ _ _ 697, 935 423, 390 274, 545 46.5 28.2 18.3 61, 186 636, 749 37, 378 386, 012 23, 808 250, 737 4. 1 42.4 2.5 25.7 1.6 16.7 1949-50 All institutions: Total . . . . . 2, 673, 758 1, 862, 349 811, 409 100.0 69.7 30.3 Graduate _ 237, 598 2, 436, 160 172, 322 1, 690, 027 65, 276 746, 133 8.9 91.1 6.5 63.2 2.4 27.9 Undergraduate and special _ Publicly controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ _ 1. 369, 091 941, 026 428, 065 51.2 35.2 16.0 Graduate _ 108, 322 1, 260, 769 77, 359 863, 667 30,963 397, 102 4.1 47. 1 2.9 32.3 1.2 14.8 Undergraduate and special _ Privately controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ _ 1, 304, 667 921, 323 383, 344 48.8 34.5 14.3 Graduate _ . _ 129, 276 1, 175, 391 94, 963 826, 360 34. 313 349, 031 4.8 44.0 3.6 30.9 1.2 13.1 Undergraduate and special _ 1951-52 All institutions: Total _ 2, 319, 496 1, 519, 514 799, 982 100.0 65.5 34.5 Graduate. . . . . . . 233, 778 2, 085, 718 171, 569 1, 347, 945 62, 209 737, 773 10.1 89.9 7.4 58.1 2.7 31.8 Undergraduate and special Publicly controlled institutions: Total . . . 1, 172, 743 746, 617 426, 126 50.6 32.2 18.4 Graduate. . . . 106, 492 1, 066, 251 77, 372 669, 245 29, 120 397, 006 4.6 46.0 3.3 28.9 1.3 17.1 Undergraduate and special . Privately controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ 1. 146, 753 772, 897 373, 856 49.4 33.3 16.1 Graduate _ _ 127, 286 1, 019, 467 94, 197 678, 700 33, 089 340, 767 5.5 43.9 4. 1 29.2 1.4 14.7 Undergraduate and special _ _ See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 49 Table XXII. — Resident college enrollment, by sex, level , and control of institution: aggregate United States,1 1939-40 to November 1955 — Con. Item Resident college enrollment Percent All students Men Women All students Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1953-54 2 All Institutions: Total _ 2, 534, 709 1, 624, 220 910, 489 100.0 64.1 35.9 278, 261 2, 256, 448 194, 092 1, 430, 128 84, 169 826 320 11. 1 88 9 7.8 56.3 3.3 32.6 Publicly controlled institutions: Total _ 1, 374, 500 861, 946 512, 554 54.2 34.0 20.2 Graduate. _ .. 132, 969 1, 241, 531 89, 703 772. 243 43, 266 469. 288 5.3 48 9 3.6 30.4 1.7 18.5 Undergraduate. .. . . _ .. Privately controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ 1,160,209 762, 274 397, 935 45.8 30.1 15.7 Graduate _ _ _ _ 145, 292 1,014, 917 1 104, 389 657, 885 40. 903 357. 032 5.8 40 0 4.2 25. 9 1.6 14. 1 Undergraduate . . . . November 1955 2 All Institutions: Total _ 2, 661, 473 1, 761,519 899, 954 100.0 66.2 33.8 Graduate _ 251, 232 2, 410, 241 177, 465 1, 584, 054 73, 767 826, 187 9.4 90.6 6.7 59.5 2.8 31.0 Undergraduate _ _ _ . . . Publicly controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ _ 1, 471, 475 966, 798 504, 677 55.3 36.3 19.0 Graduate _ _ _ 123, 438 1, 348, 037 83,804 882,994 39,634 465, 043 4.6 50.7 3.1 33.2 1.5 17.5 Undergraduate. ... Privately controlled institutions: Total 1, 189, 998 794, 721 395, 277 44.7 29.9 14.8 Graduate .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127, 794 1, 062, 204 93, 661 701,060 34, 133 361, 144 4.8 39.9 3.5 26.4 1.3 13.5 Undergraduate . . . . 1 Not including the Philippines, independent since 1946. 2 Special students included with graduate and undergraduate, according to level of work pursued. 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Regional Distribution of Enrollment The increase of 20 percent in resident college-grade enrollment from November 1953 to November 1955 has already been noted. This in¬ crease was approximately the same as increases in college population which occurred in each of three geographical regions (table XXIII). The regions and their percentage increases were North Central 21.4; South, 21.0; and West, 24.8. A proportionately smaller increase was reported in colleges and universities of the Northeast region (14.3), and a proportionately larger increase was reported in outlying parts of the United States (32.3). In 5 States the resident college-grade enrollment increased at least 30 percent from November 1953 to November 1955 (Nevada, 72.9; South Dakota, 38.8; Idaho, 32.8; North Dakota, 32.2; and Montana, 31.0). In 10 States the resident college-grade enrollment did not in¬ crease more than 15.0 percent (Massachusetts, 15.0; Washington, 14.7; Maine, 14.6; Connecticut, 14.3; Arkansas, 14.0; Pennsylvania, 13.7; New York, 13.1; New Hampshire, 12.5; South Carolina, 12.3; and Vermont, 3.6). No decreases were noted among the States, although small numerical decreases were reported in two of the outlying parts, each of which maintained one junior college. Table XXIII. — Resident college enrollment , by region and State: 1949-50 to 1953-54 , and November 1953 and 1955 Region and State Academic year Novem¬ ber 1953 November 1955 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 Enroll¬ ment 6 Percent of increase, 1953 to 1955 7 1 2 3 4 5 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ Connecticut _ _ Maine _ _ _ _ ... . . ... Massachusetts... _ _ New Hampshire. _ _ ... ... NewJersey.. . . . . . . New York _ Pennsylvania _ _ _ .. ... . Rhode Island ...... _ _ . ... . Vermont _ _ .. _ 2, 673, 758 2,319, 496 2, 534, 709 2, 218, 287 2, 661,473 20.0 2, 659, 021 2, 301, 884 2, 514, 712 2, 199, 972 2, 637, 245 19.9 726,231 653, 138 681, 147 607, 022 693, 961 14.3 30, 441 9, 544 103, 469 9. 543 45, 485 352, 965 153, 254 13,829 7,701 31, 042 7,699 97, 344 8,483 41, 334 312, 522 137, 181 10, 399 7, 134 34, 855 7, 483 96, 128 8, 292 50, 041 318, 742 147, 990 10, 531 7, 085 32, 096 7, 147 90, 892 8,011 44, 837 275, 268 131, 797 9, 954 7, 020 36, 672 8, 192 104, 498 9, 013 55, 571 311,201 149, 796 11, 746 7. 272 14.3 14.6 15.0 12.5 23.9 13.1 13.7 18.0 3.6 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 51 Tabic XXIII. — Resident college enrollment , by region and State: 1949-50 to 1953-54 , and November 1953 and 1955 — Continued Region and State Academic year Novem¬ ber 1953 November 1955 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 Enroll¬ ment Percent of increase, 1953 to 1955 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 North Central _ 818,495 665, 687 709, 234 624, 925 758, 538 21.4 Illinois _ _ 168, 110 137, 030 148, 505 126, 748 149, 140 17.7 Indiana _ _ _ . _ 82, 272 63, 737 63, 987 58, 158 70, 646 21.5 Iowa _ _ 46, 971 36, 584 38, 911 33. 868 43, 550 28.6 Kansas... _ _ 39, 074 31, 134 35, 170 30, 306 38, 520 27. 1 Michigan _ _ 114, 335 93,289 104, 781 90,913 114, 616 26.1 Minnesota _ _ __ _ 55. 077 43, 459 46, 268 41,604 50, 303 20.9 Missouri _ .. _ _ . _ 70, 540 58, 002 61, 625 54, 064 64, 634 19.6 Nebraska _ . _ _ 23, 369 18, 035 21, 775 18, 896 23, 667 25.2 North Dakota. . . _ . _ 9, 477 7,600 7, 602 6, 998 9,254 32.2 Ohio _ 145, 924 126, 653 125, 781 112, 236 130, 204 16.0 South Dakota _ 8,856 6,598 7, 609 7, 446 10, 336 38.8 Wisconsin _ _ _ 54, 490 43, 566 47, 220 43,688 53, 668 22.8 South _ 695, 810 603, 157 655, 304 579, 102 700, 870 21.0 Alabama. _ 36, 317 30, 005 32, 064 28, 416 34, 231 20.5 Arkansas _ _ _ _ _ 21, 155 17, 816 18, 407 16, 001 18, 235 14.0 Delaware... ... . .. _ _ ... 3, 592 3, 209 3,535 3, 348 4, 193 25.2 Florida.. _ 37, 632 34, 246 40, 169 36, 013 44, 156 22.6 Georgia. . . ... .. 45, 323 37, 042 41, 227 34, 415 42, 093 22.3 Kentucky . _ 32, 608 29, 018 29, 946 26, 352 34, 094 29.4 Louisiana.. . ... ... _ _ 38, 275 34, 843 40, 280 34, 930 43, 226 23.8 Maryland .. . . .. _ ... 36, 531 34, 272 39, 273 33, 871 40, 123 18.5 Mississippi- . . . ... _ 22, 205 20, 282 22, 734 19, 501 25, 032 28.4 North Carolina ... .... .. ... .. 46, 933 42, 847 46, 492 43, 214 51, 035 18. 1 Oklahoma _ ..... ... ...... 49, 440 38, 165 42, 289 36,662 46, 447 26.7 South Carolina _ ... . . ... _ 24. 258 20, 711 22, 918 21, 379 24, 004 12.3 Tennessee .. ... _ _ .. 47, 603 39, 229 41, 874 36, 905 44, 348 20.2 Texas _ 145, 358 132, 104 143, 641 127, 011 151, 845 19.6 Virginia _ . _ _ ... _ 38, 074 32, 948 35,603 33, 049 38, 356 16. 1 West Virginia . . ... ... 24, 326 19, 013 19,880 17, 468 22, 420 28.3 District of Columbia _ . ... ... 46, 180 37, 407 34, 972 30, 567 37, 032 21.2 West _ 410,940 371, 120 461,058 381,000 475, 604 24.8 Arizona _ _ 14, 111 12, 627 14, 267 12, 868 16, 713 29.9 California . . . ... .. 217, 799 215, 798 286, 657 234. 613 294, 563 25.6 Colorado. .. .. ....... _ 36, 982 30, 263 29, 951 25, 202 31,943 26.7 Idaho _ .. .... _ _ 9, 337 6, 799 7, 241 6, 388 8, 483 32.8 Montana.. _ . . . _ _ 10, 095 7,683 8,169 7,033 9,211 31.0 Nevada _ ..... ... _ ..... 1,951 1,358 1,473 1, 274 2, 203 72.9 New Mexico. . . _ ... _ 11, 477 9, 483 10, 605 8, 762 10, 772 22.9 Oregon _ _ _ ... _ . . 34, 732 25, 824 27, 015 22,880 29, 474 28.8 Utah _ _ 23, 992 20,307 28, 113 21,244 25, 298 19. 1 Washington _ ... . . _ _ 46, 702 37, 218 42, 803 37, 051 42, 483 14.7 Wyoming _ _ _ _ _ .. 3, 762 3, 760 4, 764 3,685 4, 461 21. 1 U. S. Service Academies _ 7,545 8, 78? 7,969 7, 923 8,272 4.4 Outlying parts of the United States _ 14, 737 17,61? 19, 997 18, 315 24, 228 32.3 Alaska _ 367 311 874 803 979 21.9 Canal Zone. _ _ _ ....... 226 107 214 214 194 -9.3 Guam _ _ _ _ _ 258 242 236 -2.5 Puerto Rico . _ ..... 8, 236 12, 095 13, 346 12, 323 17, 479 41.8 Territory of Hawaii .. _ ... 5, 908 5,099 5, 305 4, 733 5, 340 12.8 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Enrollment , Early Fall 1955 Early fall enrollment of college-grade students increased 20.9 per¬ cent in the biennial period 1953 to 1955. A decidedly lesser increase of 6.3 percent occurred from 1951 to 1953. A sizable decrease of 13.8 percent was reported from 1949 to 1951, a period characterized by a diminishing number of veteran students. Corresponding changes for academic-year enrollment were 19.3, 9.3, and —13.2, respectively. Because of entries into college at the midyear or at the start of the 2d or 3d quarter, academic-year enrollment usually runs at least 10 percent greater than early fall enrollment (table XXIV). Tablf' XXIV. — Resident college enrollment, academic year and 3d week of fall term; continental United States , 1931-32 to 1955-56; and aggregate United States, 1949-50 to 1955-56 Resident college enrollment Item Total for academic 3d week of fall term year (September to June) Number Percent of total for year • 2 3 4 1931-32. _ _ _ 1, 154, 117 839, 741 72.8 1933-34. . 1, 055, 360 1,208, 227 765, 661 72. 5 1935-36 _ _ _ 1, 077, 484 89.2 1937-38 _ 1,350,905 1,494,203 1, 403, 990 1,219, 867 1,364,815 1, 180, 365 90.3 1939-40. . 91. 3 1941-42 _ _ _ _ _ 84. 1 1943-44 ... > 1, 155, 272 1, 676, 851 2, 616, 262 2 965, 262 83.6 1945-46 .. 1,073,629 64.0 1947-48 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2,339,292 89.4 1949-50: Continental United States only _ 2, 659, 021 2, 442, 463 91.9 Aggregate United States 1 2 3 4.. _ _ _ _ 2, 673, 758 2, 456, 841 91.9 1951-52: Continental United States only _ _ _ 2, 301, 884 2, 101,962 91.3 Aggregate United States 3 _ 2, 319, 496 2,116,440 91.2 1953-54: Continental United States only _ _ _ 2, 514, 712 4 2, 231, 054 88.7 Aggregate United States 3 _ _ _ 2, 534, 709 4 2, 250, 701 88.8 1955-56: Continental United States only _ _ 2 2, 996, 000 4 2, 695, 340 90.0 Aggregate United States 3.. _ _ 2 3, 023, 000 4 2, 720, 929 90.0 1 Includes military students. 2 Includes some estimated figures. 3 Includes continental United States and outlying parts. 4 Includes extension students of college grade. HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 53 It should be pointed out that figures for early fall enrollment of college-grade students in 1953 and 1955 include both resident and extension students. Enrollment figures for the academic years in¬ clude resident students only. In November 1955, among all college- grade students, excluding correspondence students, 2,661,473 (93.2 percent) were resident students and 195,490 (6.8 percent) were exten¬ sion students. Enrollment , November 1955 First-time students. — Of the 2,661,473 resident college students in November 1955 (continental United States and outlying parts), 709,451, or 26.6 percent, were registered for the first time in any college. Since 1931-32, when data for first-time students were first collected, the percentage of first-time resident college enrollment to total resident college enrollment has changed irregularly, with a general tendency downward. In 1931-32 nearly 30 percent of the total resident enrollment were in college for the first time (section IV of table XXV). In 1943-44 it stood at 27.2; in 1951-52, at 23.0; and in November 1953, at 26.2 Of the 709,451 first-time students in November 1955, 415,424, or 58.5 percent, were enrolled in publicly controlled institutions and 294,027, or 41.5 percent, in privately controlled institutions. In 1931-32 the percentage in publicly controlled institutions was 56.0; in 1943-44, 52.0; in 1951-52, 56.5; and in November 1953, 57.8. Universities enrolled 34.6 percent of all first-time students and 45.3 percent of all resident college students. Junior colleges, on the other hand, enrolled 22.2 percent of all first-time students but only 12.7 percent of all resident students. Liberal arts colleges enrolled approximately the same percentage of all first-time students (28.4) as of all resident students (26.7). Table XXV. — Number and enrollment of institutionsy by size-class of institution , by type of enrollment , and by type and control of institution: aggregate United States , November 1955 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 55 1 See footnote at end of table. Table XXV. — Number and enrollment of institutions , by size-class of institution , by type of enrollment , and by type and control of institution: aggregate United States , November 1955 — Continued 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS AND DEGREES 57 See footnote at end of table. Table XXV. — Number and enrollment of institutions , by size-class of institution , by type of enrollment, and by type of control of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 — Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 59 Table XXV. Number and enrollment of institutions , by size-class of institution , by type of enrollment , and by type and control of institution: aggregate United States , November 1955 — Continued 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 61 See footnote at end of table. Table XXV. — Number and enrollment of institutions, by size-class of institution, by type of enrollment, and by type and control of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 — Continued 1954-56 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 63 Seo footnote at end of table Table XXV. — Number and enrollment of institutions , by size-class of institution , by type of enrollment , and by type and control of institution: aggregate United States , November 1955 — Continued 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Theological schools, all private.! 6 | 2,023 I 2 | 54 I 2 1 321 I 2 1 1,648 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS 65 AND DEGREES o> Ul Table XXV. — Number and enrollment of institutions , by size-class of institution , by type of enrollment , and by type and control of institution: aggregate United States , November 1955 — Continued 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-56 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 67 XIV. Enrollment for Individual Lessons Only 1 "l 73 256 *• lO § IQ § I 33 p> 1 .1 t : i X> > Si I i I e & 8 1 XI S£ : : ii X! > Si a o I Sf X5 > I 1 Includes junior colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of col id the high school. Table XXVI. — Summer sessions, aggregate United States, 1955: Number of institutionsconducting summer session(s) and en¬ rollment in each summer session, by size of student-body (November 1955), by period of enrollment, and by type and control of institution 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 69 1C 10 in x o 5C S eo 1 24, 304 800 23, 504 6, 855 3, 873 2, 982 1-4 © © X Tt< X 40 TT r-H 1 1,808 ; X © X 8,689 5,519 3, 170 306 76 230 151 1 17 13 40 TfH j 2 ^ 20 © CM ss! i 1 i 40X 7, 596 1,019 6, 577 2, 465 t^x 1 © © cm" 743 X© 1 CO CO 1 529 060 ‘I 1,090 2,769 579 2, 190 130 r* co 33 1 32 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i £ 22 22 s CM X *H X © ©T © © 435, 141 264, 139 315,774 199, 562 116, 212 ll ac 1 2 1 1 80, 843 117, 477 105, 366 100, 659 4, 707 11,564 4, 371 7, 193 3,141 6,874 40 © 83 © 58,241 49, 501 8,740 X x^ 1 co ^ r» 133 ©^ 1 40 534 ^ © N- © 163 143 20 21 10 11 8 1 CM X 40 § X £> > s'E PhP. £ > 3” X2 > s'C — ca X2 > 3 'C PhP. > 3 c3 £5 S s’C P. pH See footnote at end of table. Table XXVI. — Summer sessions, aggregate United States, 1955: Number of institutions conducting summer session(s ) and enrollment in each summer session, by size of student-body ( November 1955), by period of enrollment, and by type and control of institution — Continued 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56' HIGHER EDUCATION- FACULTY, STUDENTS AND DEGREES 71 See footnote at end of table. 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION 1954-56 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 73 Undergraduate students. — Enrollment of full-time undergraduate students in November 1955 followed the same general pattern as en¬ rollment of all resident college students. Greater numbers of full¬ time students were found in universities (43.3 percent), liberal arts colleges (29.0 percent), junior colleges (10.7 percent), and teachers colleges (10.3 percent). Institutions under public control enrolled the majority of full-time students (57.2 percent). Table XXVII. — Total , undergraduate , and first-time resident college enroll¬ ment: 1931-32 to November 1955 Item 1 I. Total Resident College Enrollment: 1 II. III. 1931-32 _ 1933-34 _ _ 1935-36 _ 1937-38 _ 1939-40 _ _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 2 _ 1945-46 _ 1947-48 _ 1949-50 _ 1951-52 _ November 1953 _ November 1954 _ November 1955: Total _ Universities _ Liberal arts colleges _ _ Teachers colleges _ Technological schools _ _ _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools _ Junior colleges * _ II. Undergraduate Enrollment: » 1931-32 _ 1933-34 _ 1935-36 _ 1937-38 _ 1939-40 _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 _ 1945-46 _ 1947-48 _ 1949-50 _ 1951-52 _ November 1953 _ November 1954 _ November 1955: Total _ Universities _ Liberal arts colleges _ Teachers colleges _ Technological schools _ _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools _ Junior colleges 3 _ III. Students First Time in Any College:1 1931-32 _ 1933-34 _ 1935-36 _ 1937-38 _ 1939-40 _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 « _ 1945-46 _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table. All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions 2 3 4 1, 154, 117 582, 168 571, 949 1, 055, 360 529, 931 525, 429 1, 208, 227 614, 131 594, 096 1,350, 905 689, 483 661, 422 1, 494, 203 796, 531 697, 672 1, 403, 990 732, 111 671, 879 1, 155, 272 571, 406 583, 866 1, 676, 851 833, 803 843, 048 2, 616, 262 1, 326, 147 1, 290, 115 2,659,021 1, 354, 902 1,304, 119 2, 301, 884 1, 155, 557 1, 146, 327 2, 218, 287 1, 175, 736 1, 042, 551 2, 428, 299 1, 320, 720 1, 107, 579 2, 661,473 1,471,475 1, 189, 998 1, 204, 647 712,721 491, 926 712, 037 212, 950 499, 087 230, 855 221, 502 9, 353 86, 367 33, 184 53, 183 32, 171 32, 171 57, 976 8,703 49, 273 337, 420 282, 415 55,005 1,027, 545 530, 622 4%, 923 963, 721 498, 292 465, 429 1, 128, 924 591, 181 537, 743 1, 270, 474 658, 582 611, 892 1, 389, 137 752, 858 636, 279 1, 319, 505 699, 988 619, 517 1, 099, 860 553,733 546, 127 1, 411, 557 720, 265 691, 292 2, 260, 503 1, 173, 770 1,086, 733 2, 218, 256 1, 150, 610 1, 067, 646 1, 877, 907 967, 814 910, 093 1, 994, 455 1, 072, 155 922, 300 2, 185, 769 1, 202, 820 982, 949 2,410,241 1, 348, 037 1, 062, 204 1, 026, 843 628, 580 398, 263 672,098 192, 297 479, 801 213, 697 205, 720 7, 977 75, 835 31, 362 44, 473 29,258 29,258 55, 090 7, 663 47, 427 337, 420 282, 415 55, 005 336, 997 188, 658 148, 339 307, 690 171, 389 136, 301 366, 734 204, 231 162, 503 367, 983 208, 833 159, 150 417, 539 235, 995 181, 544 379.070 211, 633 167, 437 314,311 163, 353 150, 958 474, 894 250, 356 224, 538 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table XXVII. — Total, undergraduate, and first- time resident college enroll¬ ment: 1931-32 to November 1955 — Continued Item All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions 1 2 3 4 III. Students First Time in Any College •—Continued 1947-48 _ 619, 232 318, 069 301, 163 1949-50 _ _ _ 594, 126 323, 673 270, 453 1951-52 _ _ 529, 950 299, 725 230, 225 November 1953 _ _ 580, 535 335, 863 244, 672 November 1954 - - - 649, 858 380, 614 269, 244 November 1955: Total _ 709, 451 415, 424 294, 027 Universities . . .. ... . . . _ _ _ _ 245,904 159, 304 86,600 Liberal arts colleges _ _ _ _ 201,421 51, 822 149, 599 Teachers colleges _ _ ... . ... .... _ 67, 301 65, 179 2, 122 Technological schools.. _ _ _ _ _ ... _ _ 20, 376 8, 257 12, 119 4, 789 4, 789 Other professional schools _ _ .. _ _ _ 12, 356 1,806 10, 550 Junior colleges1 2 3 4 . . . .. . ... . _ .. . 157, 304 129, 056 28,248 IV. Percentage of First Time Students to Total Resident Enrollment: > 1931-32 _ _ 29.2 32.4 25.9 1933-34 _ 29.2 32.3 25.9 1935-36 _ 30.4 33.3 27.4 1937-38. _ 27.2 30.3 24. 1 1939-40 _ 27.9 29.6 26.0 1941-42 _ 27.0 28.9 24.9 1943-44 _ 27.2 28.6 25.9 1945-46 _ 28.3 30.0 26.6 1947-48 _ 23.7 24.0 23.3 1949-50 _ 22.3 23.9 20.7 1951-52 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23.0 25.9 20.1 November 1953 _ 26.2 28.6 23.5 November 1954 . . . . _ 26.8 28.8 24.3 November 1955: Total _ 26.7 28.2 24.7 Universities . . . ... . . . . . . 20.4 22.4 17.6 Liberal arts colleges . . . . ... _ ... . 28.3 24.3 30.0 Teachers colleges _ ... ....... .. _ .. . 29.2 29.4 22.7 Technological schools.. _ _ . . ... . _ _ _ 23.6 24.9 22.8 Theological schools 14.9 14.9 Other professional schools _ ... .. _ _ _ 21.3 20.8 21.4 Junior colleges 3 _ 46.6 45.7 51.4 V. Percentage of First Time Students to Undergraduate Enrollment: « 1931-32 _ 32.8 35.6 29.9 1933-34 _ _ 31.9 34.4 29.3 1935-36 _ 32.5 34.5 30.2 1937-38 . _ .. _ 29.0 31.7 26.0 1939-40 _ 30.1 31.3 28.5 1941-42.. _ _ 28. 7 30.2 27.0 1943-44 _ 28.6 29.5 27.6 1945-46 _ _ _ 33.6 34.8 32.5 1947-48 _ 27.4 27.1 27.7 1949-50 _ 26.8 28.1 25.3 1951-52 _ 28. 2 31.0 25.3 November 1953. .. ... _ ... _ _ . _ .. 29.1 31.3 26.5 November 1954. _ _. _ _ . .. _ _ . 29.7 31.6 27.4 November 1955: Total _ 29.4 30.8 27.7 Universities . . . . . . . . .. _ 23.9 25.3 21.7 Liberal arts colleges _ _ .. . . . ... _ 30.0 26.9 31.2 Teachers colleges _ _ _ ... .. ... _ 31.5 31.7 26.6 Technological schools . . _ ... _ _ ......... 26.9 26.3 27.3 Theological schools _ _ . ... . . . ... 16.4 16.4 Other professional schools . . . ... . . . 22.4 23.6 22.2 Junior colleges 3... 46.6 45.7 51.4 1 Continental United States only, 1931-32 to 1951-52; aggregate United States (including outlying parts)’ November 1953 to November 1955. 2 Includes full-time military students as follows: 149,454 in publicly controlled institutions. 3 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 4 Includes full-time military students as follows: 28,115 in publicly controlled institutions. HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 75 XXVIII. — Full-time undergraduate resident college enrollment , by- control and type of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 Type of institution 2 Full-time undergraduate resident enrollment Percent of total enrollment 1 All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total _ 1,867,947 1, 067, 875 800,072 100.0 57.2 42.8 Universities . . . 808,611 540, 595 268, 016 43.3 28.9 14.3 Liberal arts colleges. . . 542, 498 148, 666 393, 832 29.0 8.0 21. 1 Teachers colleges . 191, 731 185, 859 5,872 10.3 9.9 .3 Technological schools _ 59, 410 28,843 30, 567 3.2 1.5 1.6 Theological schools 26, 408 26, 408 1.4 1. 4 Other professional schools _ 38, 982 7, 611 31, 371 2.1 .4 1.7 Junior colleges 3 - . 200, 307 156, 301 44, 006 10.7 8.4 2.4 1 Because of separate rounding, totals do not necessarily equal the sum of the parts. 2 For number of institutions by type, see table 1. 3 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond the high school. When undergraduate resident students are further classified according to the amount of time spent on campus (full-time or part- time) and when this classification is set alongside a similar one of students in college for the first time (table XXIX), some interesting facts come to light. Roughly, one-fourth (22.5 percent) of all under¬ graduate students in November 1955 were part-time students, this proportion running higher among women (24.5 percent) than among men (21.4 percent) and higher in the privately controlled institutions (24.7 percent) than in the publicly controlled (20.8 percent). Not quite one-fifth (18.0 percent) of all students coming to the campus for their first college work were on a part-time basis. This proportion ran slightly higher among men (18.4 percent) than among women (17.5 percent) and, like the pattern of all undergraduate students, higher among privately controlled institutions (19.0 per¬ cent) than among the publicly controlled (17.4 percent). As a general rule, the percent of part-time students ran lower among first-time students than among all undergraduates taken together. This suggests a tendency for students to change from a full-time program to a part-time program after they have started their course. Just where in the college course this shift takes place is not determinable from the data at hand. 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Table XXIX. — Undergraduate and first-time resident college enrollment, by sex, full- and part-time attendance, and control of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 Item Number Percent All students Men Women All students Men Women i 2 3 4 5 6 7 All Undergraduate: All institutions _ Full-time _ Part-time _ _ Publicly controlled institutions _ 2, 410,241 1, 584,054 826, 187 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,867, 947 542, 294 1, 244,418 339, 636 623, 529 202, 658 77.5 22.5 78.6 21.4 75.5 24.5 1, 348, 037 882, 994 465, 043 100.0 100.0 100.0 Full-time . . 1,067,875 280, 162 713, 352 169, 642 354, 523 110, 520 79.2 20.8 80.8 19.2 76.2 23.8 Part-time _ _ _ Privately controlled institutions _ 1, 062, 204 701, 060 361, 144 100.0 100.0 100.0 Full-time . . . . . 800, 072 262, 132 531, 066 169, 994 269, 006 92, 138 75.3 24.7 75.8 24.2 74.5 25.5 Part-time _ First Time in Any College: All institutions _ 709, 451 442, 279 267, 172 100.0 100.0 100.0 Full-time . 581, 515 127, 936 361, 027 81, 252 220, 488 46,684 82.0 18.0 81.6 18.4 82.5 17.5 Part-time. _ Publicly controlled institutions _ 415, 424 261, 600 153. 824 100. 0 100.0 100.0 Full-time . . . . 343, 297 72, 127 216, 744 44, 856 126, 553 27, 271 82.6 17.4 82.9 17.1 82.3 17.7 Part-time. _ .. Privately controlled institutions _ 294, 027 180, 679 113, 348 100.0 100.0 100.0 Full-time . . . . 238, 218 55, 809 144, 283 36, 396 93, 935 19, 413 81.0 19.0 79.9 20. 1 82.9 17. 1 Part-time _ First-time college students and high school graduates.— In the prewar period of the 1930’s the number of students attending college for the first time in a given academic year was generally about 35 percent of the estimated number of graduates from secondary schools during the previous academic year (table XXX). Percentages of this kind were not computed for the years of World War II and the imme¬ diate postwar years, when unusual conditions affected the number of college students. In 1953-54, a more nearly normal year, the ratio of first-time college students to high-school graduates climbed to about 50 percent. While such percentages provide a useful indication of college en¬ trance rates, they do not represent exact relationships between high- school graduates and first-time college students. In the case of some high-school students, for example, there is a break of one or more years between high-school graduation and college entrance. This means that the number of first-time college students in a given academic year is not entirely composed of high-school graduates from the previous academic year. Also, figures for the number of first- HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 77 time college students include both full-time and part-time enroll¬ ment, with part-time enrollment, especially, including larger num¬ bers of adults than high school graduates. Table XXX. — High School graduates in school years 1930-31 to 1954-55 , compared with first-time college students in ensuing academic years , 1931-32 to 1955-56: continental United States 1931. 1933. 1935. 1937. 1939. 1941. 1943. 1945. 1947. 1949. 1951. 1953. 1954. 1955. Academic year ending in — 1 ! High -school First-time college students in ensuing academic year graduates | estimated 1 Number Percent of high-school graduates 2 3 4 746, 948 336, 997 45.1 870, 922 307, 690 35.3 965, 099 366. 734 38.0 1,067,712 367, 983 34.5 1, 170, 777 417, 539 35.7 1,231,925 379, 070 (2) 1, 130, 804 314,311 (2) 1,049,633 1 474, 894 (2) 1,134,971 619, 232 (2) 1,194,804 594, 126 (2) 1, 181,800 529, 950 (2) 1, 198, 300 3 663, 070 3 607, 570 50.7 1, 276, 100 3 742. 324 3 643. 596 50.4 1, 344, 400 3 810, 442 3 688,660 51.2 1 Public and nonpublic. 2 Percentages not calculated. 3 For each of these years, the upper figure represents the estimated total number of first-time students; the lower figure represents the estimated number of nonveteran first-time students. Veteran and nonveteran students. — November 1955 saw slightly more than 460,000 veterans enrolled as resident students of college grade in the various institutions of higher education in the United States, in¬ cluding its outlying parts (table XXXI). Data not published her in detail show that 10,139 of these were enrolled under the Veterans’ Disability Acts of Congress (3,033 veterans of World War II and 7,106 of the Korean Conflict). Nondisability veterans numbered 40,861 from World War II and 409,166 from the Korean Conflict, or 450,027 in all. The total for World War II, disability and others, was 43,894; for the Korean Conflict, 416,272. The veterans were enrolled in every State in the Union and in each of the outlying parts. They ranged from 4 in Guam to 52,049 in California. In relation to the estimated population as of July 1, 1955 (excluding armed forces overseas), they ranged from 1.1 per 10,000 in Guam, to 71.6 in Utah and 82.6 in the District of Columbia. N. DAK 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION; 1954-56 Figure 1. Resident college enrollment in November 1955, per 10,000 of total population on July 1, 1955, by State HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 79 Non veterans in the higher education student body numbered 2,193,035, not including students in the United States Service acad¬ emies. They constituted 1.327 percent, or 132.7 per 10,000 of the population. They ranged from 45.6 per 10,000 in the Canal Zone to 363.0 per 10,000 in the District of Columbia. The States (conti¬ nental United States only) with the lowest nonveteran enrollment per 10,000 of total population were Maine, 78.6; Arkansas, 82.5; New Jersey, 82.9; Nevada, 86.2; and Alabama, 87.5. The 5 States (omitting the District of Columbia) with the highest non-veteran ratios were Utah, 254.4; California, 191.0; Massachusetts, 177.0; Vermont, 175.3 (actually 175.31); and Colorado, 175.3 (actually 175.27). Table XXXI. — Resident veteran and nonveteran enrollment , non-Federal institutions 1 of higher education , in relation to total population , by region and State: November 1955 Popu- Resident college enrollment, non-Federal institutions, November 1955 lation July 1, 1955, in thou¬ Number Per 10,000 of total population Region and State sands2 All students Veterans Non¬ veterans All stu¬ dents Vete¬ rans Non- vete¬ rans 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States __ 165, 276 162, 283 2, 653, 201 2, 628,973 460, 166 455,211 l2, 193, 035 2, 173, 762 160.5 162.0 27.8 28.2 132.7 134.8 Northeast _ 42, 394 693, 961 112, 330 581, 631 163.7 26.5 | 137.2 Connecticut _ _ 2,233 890 36,672 5, 462 31, 210 6, 993 87, 994 164.2 24.4 139.8 Maine - 8, 192 104,498 1, 199 16, 504 92. 1 13.5 78. 6 Massachusetts _ _ 4, 972 210.2 33.2 177.0 New Hampshire _ _ _ _ 553 9,013 55,571 1 311,201 149,796 11,746 | 1,094 11,080 48, 238 26, 056 2,034 663 7, 919 44, 491 262, 963 163.0 19. 8 143. 2 New Jersey 5, 370 16,053 11, 132 814 103. 5 20.6 82. 9 New York _ .... _ 193.9 30. 1 163.8 Pennsylvania 123, 740 134. 6 23.4 111. 2 Rhode Island _ _ .. _ _ . 9,712 6,609 144.3 25.0 119.3 Vermont 377 7,272 192.9 17.6 175.3 North Central _ 48, 137 758,538 125, 812 632, 726 157.6 26.1 131.5 Illinois . .. .. _ . . 9,297 4, 325 149, 140 70, 646 43, 550 38, 520 114, 616 22, 621 11,443 6,958 6,414 17, 878 126, 519 59, 203 36, 592 32, 106 96, 738 160.4 24.3 136. 1 Indiana.. _ . . . . . . . 163.3 26.4 136.9 Iowa . . . _ _ _ _ . _ 2,690 161.9 25.9 136.0 Kansas 2, 021 7, 222 3, 169 190.6 31. 7 158.9 Michigan _ _ ... ._ . 158.7 24.8 133.9 Minnesota. . 50, 303 64,634 23, 667 9,686 40, 617 158.7 30.5 128.2 Missouri 4, 094 1, 369 641 12, 134 4, 096 2,016 21,288 52,500 19, 571 7,238 108, 916 8,201 157. 9 29.7 128.2 Nebraska .. ... _ _ .... _ 172.9 29.9 143.0 North Dakota 9, 254 130, 204 10, 336 53,668 144.4 31.5 121.9 Ohio 8,946 145. 5 23.8 121.7 South Dakota. . . _ _ . .. 672 2, 135 153.8 31.8 122.0 Wisconsin 3,691 9, 143 44, 525 145.4 24.8 120.6 See footnotes at end of table. 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table XXXI. — Resident veteran and nonveteran enrollment , non-Federal institutions 1 of higher education , in relation to total population , by region and State: November 1955 — Continued Resident college enrollment, non-Federal institutions, November 1955 Popu- lation July 1, 1955, in thou- Number Per 10,000 of total population Region and State sands 2 All students Veterans Non¬ veterans All stu¬ dents Vete¬ rans Non- vete¬ rans 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 South _ 49, 142 700,870 131, 060 569,810 142.6 26.7 115.9 Alabama - 3,006 34, 231 7,927 26, 304 113.9 26.4 87.5 Arkansas - - 1, 770 18, 235 3,638 14, 597 103.0 20.5 82.5 Delaware . . . - . 380 4, 193 713 3, 480 110.3 18.7 91.6 Florida - - - - - 3, 364 44, 156 10, 030 34, 126 131.3 29.8 101.5 Georgia - - - - 3, 569 42, 093 8, 087 34, 006 117,9 22.6 95.3 Kentucky _ 2, 948 34, 094 5,631 28, 463 115.6 19. 1 96.5 Louisiana _ 2, 902 43. 226 6,512 36, 714 149.0 22.5 126.5 Maryland _ 2, 593 40, 123 6,437 33, 686 154.7 24.8 129.9 Mississippi _ 2, 085 25, 032 5, 154 19, 878 120. 1 24.7 95.4 North Carolina - 4, 190 51, 035 8,898 42, 137 121.8 21.2 100.6 Oklahoma - 2, 136 46, 447 10, 891 35, 556 217.5 51.0 166.5 South Carolina - - - 2, 226 24,004 3, 829 20, 175 107.8 17.2 90.6 Tennessee _ _ _ _ _ 3, 399 44, 348 7, 742 36, 606 130.5 22.8 107.7 Texas - - - 8, 351 151, 845 29, 332 122, 513 181.8 35. 1 146.7 Virginia _ _ 3, 421 38, 356 4, 876 33. 480 112.1 14.2 97.9 West Virginia _ _ 2, 001 22, 420 4, 499 17, 921 112.0 22.4 89.6 District of Columbia _ 831 37, 032 6,864 30, 168 445.6 82.6 363.0 West _ 22, 610 475, 604 86, 009 389, 595 210.3 38.0 172.3 Arizona _ _ _ 955 16, 713 3, 351 13, 362 175.0 35.1 139.9 California _ _ _ 12, 696 294, 563 52, 049 242, 514 232.0 41.0 191.0 Colorado.. _ _ 1,508 31,943 5,513 26, 430 211.8 36.5 175.3 Idaho - - - - 606 8, 483 1,676 6, 807 140.0 27.7 112.3 Montana _ _ 628 9,211 1, 973 7,238 146.7 31.4 115.3 Nevada... - - - - 216 ' 2. 203 342 1,861 102.0 15.8 86.2 New Mexico _ _ 769 10, 772 2, 470 8, 302 140. 1 32. 1 108.0 Oregon _ _ _ ... . 1,664 29, 474 25, 298 4, 879 24, 595 177.1 29.3 147.8 Utah _ _ _ _ _ 776 5,558 19, 740 326.0 71.6 254.4 Washington _ _ _ 2,497 42, 483 7, 436 35, 047 170. 1 29.8 140.3 Wyoming - - 295 4. 461 762 3, 699 151.2 25.8 125.4 Outlying parts of the United States. _ _ _ 2, 993 24,228 4, 955 19,273 80.9 16.5 64.4 Alaska . . . 168 979 88 891 58.3 5.3 53.0 Canal Zone. _ 39 194 16 178 49.7 4. 1 45.6 Guam _ 3 35 236 4 232 67.4 1.1 66.3 Puerto Rico _ _ _ 2, 248 17, 479 3,881 13, 598 77.8 17.3 60.5 Territory of Hawaii _ 503 5, 340 966 4, 374 106.2 19.2 87.0 1 Exclusive of U. S. Service academies. 2 Source (except for Guam): Bureau of the Census, current population reports, population estimates, series P-25, No. 125 (Nov. 8, 1955). 3 Source: Annual report of governor of Guam, 1955 (data for 1954). Special and unclassified students. — Of interest is the shift in enroll¬ ment over the years of students of college grade who are not working in one of the regular degree programs. Some of these students in 1955 were on the undergraduate level, enrolled for certain work of a cultural or occupational type; others were graduates. For con¬ venience in tabulating, all these students, of whatever purpose or level, HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 81 are carried in the present compilation under the heading of “special and unclassified students.” In 1949-50 students of this description in the entire United States (including outlying parts) numbered 204,866, or 7.7 percent of the total resident college enrollment for that year. Two years later, in 1951-52, their number dropped to 191,798, but they constituted 8.3 percent of the total enrollment for that year. In November 1953 their number again dropped, this time to 162,894. They then constituted only 6.5 percent of the total. In November 1955 these special and unclassified students numbered only 151,275, or 5.7 percent of the total of all resident college students at that time (table XXXII) . Proportionately they were most numerous (9.3 percent) in the privately controlled universities, and least numerous (.5 of 1 percent) in the publicly controlled technological and other professional schools. Table XXXII. — Special and unclassified students in relation to total resident college enrollment , by control and type of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 Control and type of institution Enrollme: Total nt of resident students Special and unclassified Number Percent ■ 2 3 4 All institutions _ 2, 661,473 151,275 5.7 Universities _ _ 1, 204, 647 79, 091 6.6 Liberal arts colleges... . _ _ 712, 037 41,929 5.9 Teachers colleges _ _ _ 230, 855 6, 269 2.7 Technological schools . .. . _ _ .. . _ . __ 86, 367 1, 334 1.5 Theological schools .. _ . _ _ _ 32, 171 1, 157 3.6 Other professional schools _ _ _ .. _ . . . . 57, 976 3,890 6.7 Junior colleges 1 _ _ _ _ _ 337, 420 17, 605 5.2 Publicly controlled institutions _ 1,471,475 69,325 4.7 Universities _ _ _ . _ _ . 712, 721 33,187 4.6 Liberal arts colleges.. _ _ 212, 950 15,087 7.1 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ . 221, 502 5,730 2.6 Technological schools _ _ ... .. _ _ ... ... _ _ 33, 184 176 .5 Other professional schools _ ... . ... _ _ _ _ 8, 703 46 .5 Junior colleges 1 _ . _ . _ _ ... _ _ 282, 415 15,099 5.3 Privately controlled institutions _ _ 1, 189, 998 81, 950 6.9 Universities _ _ _ _ _ _ 491, 926 45, 904 9.3 Liberal arts colleges _ _ . _ . _ 499, 087 26, 842 5.4 Teachers colleges _ _ . . . ... . . . ... _ . . . 9, 353 539 5.8 Technological schools _ ... . _ _ _ . .. 53. 183 1, 158 2.2 Theological schools .. .. .. _ _ _ _ .. 32, 171 1,157 3.6 Other professional schools _ _ . . _ ... _ ... 49, 273 3, 844 7.8 Junior colleges 1 _ _ ... _ _ 55, 005 2.506 4.5 1 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. Resident Enrollment Extension Enrollment Other Enrollment 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 H 2 W o C6 u a Figure 2. Classification of total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment : November 1955 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 83 Other types oj enrollment. — In November 1955 the total of all types of higher educational enrollments, including college grade, noncolle- giate, short courses, and individual lessons, was 3,374,125 (table XXXIII). This was an increase of 577,088, or 20.6 percent, over the corresponding total of 2,797,037 in November 1953. Not included in these totals are enrollments in summer sessions and enrollments in nursery, elementary, and secondary schools operated and controlled by institutions of higher education. Of the 3,374,125 students of all types, 2,959,430, or 87.7 percent, were enrolled full time or part time in courses of college grade (includ¬ ing resident, extension, and correspondence). Another 332,489, or 9.9 percent, were enrolled in courses of other than college grade (including adult education, terminal-occupational, extension, and correspond¬ ence). Enrollment in short courses and individual lessons totaled 1.7 and 0.7 percent, respectively. A graphic breakdown of types of enrollments as percentages of total enrollment is given in figure 2. Of special interest is the tabulation of numbers of institutions offer¬ ing the various types of instruction. Of the 1,858 institutions, all offered resident work of college grade, 419 offered extension work of college grade, and 169 offered correspondence work at this level. Regarding courses of other than college grade, 294 institutions offered adult-education instruction, 161 terminal-occupational, 94 extension, and 57 correspondence. Enrollment , Summer 1955 Somewhat more detailed data on summer session enrollments are available for 1955 than for previous years. Up to and including 1951, institutions were asked to report the “total number, collegiate grade only” of resident students in the summer of the year; this figure was presumed to be the number of different students enrolled for summer school or fourth-quarter work. The 1953 and 1955 questionnaires called for a count of enrollments , rather than of different persons enrolled. In addition, the 1955 questionnaire (reproduced in Office of Education Circular 493) requested data separately for enrollments in the fourth quarter and in the other summer sessions. An examination of the reports received from the institutions shows that only 32 of the 1,266 institutions with summer sessions offered both a fourth quarter and one or more summer sessions. The amount of duplication in enrollment between fourth quarter and summer session No. 1 must therefore be quite slight and practically negligible. Table XXXIII. — Enrollment, by control and type of institution and by level and type of enrollment; aggregate United States November 1955 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Privately controlled institutions Percent of Total enroll¬ ment « 00 *001 90. 14 85. 72 2. 82 1.60 7.31 3. 11 .63 .97 2.60 1.09 1.46 00 *001 93.79 88. 31 4. 21 1.27 College grade enroll¬ ment only B 100. 00 95.09 3. 13 1.78 100.00 94. 15 4. 49 1.36 Enroll¬ ment 1, 379, 574 1,242,754 1,181,288 39, 196 22, 270 101, 428 43, 185 8,800 13, 426 36,017 15, 087 20, 305 557, 064 522, 503 491, 926 23, 484 7, 093 Number institu¬ tions report¬ ing item O 1,203 1,203 171 48 123 56 39 16 63 278 8 882 Publicly controlled institutions Percent of Total enroll¬ ment 05 100. 00 86. 01 74. 10 7. 87 4. 04 s 5. 95 1.38 3. 38 .93 2. 18 .17 100. 00 87.30 72. 05 9. 04 6.21 College grade enroll¬ ment only a© o o § 86. 15 9. 15 4.70 1 100.00 82. 53 10. 36 7.11 Enroll¬ ment r* 6I0‘f86‘i 1, 706, 144 1, 469, 653 156, 294 80, 197 231, 061 118, 252 27, 343 67, 080 18, 386 43, 332 3, 482 ao CO as £ 863, 584 712, 721 89, 464 61,399 Number institu¬ tions report¬ ing item co CO 655 248 121 CO CO CO u- GO S3 8 8 All institutions Percent of Total enroll¬ ment i 100. 00 So 78.88 5. 79 3.04 98 '6 4.79 1.07 2. 39 1.61 1.73 .70 100. 00 89.64 77.90 7.31 4. 43 College grade enroll¬ ment only 100.00 89. 93 6. 61 3. 46 100.00 86. 91 8. 15 4. 94 Enroll¬ ment W I 3, 363,593 2, 948, 898 2, 650, 941 195, 490 102, 467 332, 489 161, 437 36, 143 80, 506 54, 403 58, 419 23. 787 w e* CO US 1,386,087 1,204, 647 112, 948 68, 492 Nnmher institu¬ tions report¬ ing item 1,858 1,858 419 169 129 354 2 141 82 61 1 ! c c 1 % 1 « 1 1 c 1 | ! r I > i 1 1 I. All institutions (irand total, all enrollments | i i 1 cj 1 1 i 1 c Resident - - - - - Extension . . . . Correspondence _ _ _ _ Noncolleee-erade _ _ _ . ... _ A du It edu cation . . . . . Term inal-occu pational _ Extension _ _ _ correspondence _ _ _ _ _ .. Short courses _ ... .... . > 1 M II. Universities Total, ail enrollments _ 'o O Resident _ . _ _ .. Extension _ _ _ _ _ Correspondence.. _ _ _ . _ HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 85 See footnote at end of table. 5,430 | _ I 13.56 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 87 § S iO iON(N- CO iD CD rH CD CO CQ * CO CD CO * i-H NOCO hcDN CO * CD M«o! co ^ *D CD 0*ON O CO CD D»OhO r-H CO CO 00 ^ 00 CO 00 CD CO rt* ( §5 ■oaoo ®5| & 3 e S g flsxo tf WO o o I’d OJU c c •daoo *Sg& ±: a c a> 3 E2 t 'd a* x o -JJHWQ 2 "d ■c c 03 3 w fl i i 05 i i i O i -1 c3 1 • ga ;g > 4) rt : : g 6 jdi t £g ;c cS o o o I’d -a g c ’i 08 ill S 'd os o 2 ®.S«g* -5 g g ‘cfl +s> as x o WWQ ±f *C2 C O 3 C a> u XJ O) X O 473261 0-58- 1 Less than 0.005 percent. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 On the other hand, it is likely that some persons register for a summer session No. 2 or No. 3 (presumably following No. 1) who have already been in residence for the No. 1 or main session. Thus it appears at least possible that part of these second and third summer session enrollments — perhaps a substantia] part — are duplications, so far as number of different individuals in concerned. Comparison between the 1955 figures and those for 1951 or earlier years is therefore unsafe, because of the differences in the manner of data collection. The college grade enrollment in the first quarter of 1955 was 69,893; that for summer session No. 1 was 699,280; for summer session No. 2, 245,465; and for summer session No. 3, 47,862 — or a grand total of summer enrollment in aggregate United States of 1,062,500 (table XXVI). This exceeds by 254,776, or 31.5 percent, the summer session enrollment of 807,724 reported for 1953. Some Factors Associated With Higher Education En¬ rollments Many different factors are undoubtedly associated with the enroll¬ ment and retention of students in college, the overall problem being very complex. Individual factors, and especially their relative con¬ tributions, are not easily identified. Presumably, the size of the college-age population is to some extent related to the size of college enrollment. The college-age population is practically the same now as it was a quarter of a century ago, while first-time and total enroll¬ ments have shown considerable fluctuation. For the future, of course, it seems quite probable that increases in college-age population will contribute materially to larger college enrollments. Apart from the pronounced influence of war on college enrollment, a number of economic factors appear to exhibit relationships with size of college enrollment. These factors may also exhibit either a positive or a negative relationship with each other. Over the past 25 years, for example, positive relationships have existed between the enrollment of men (both first-time and total) and the per capita income; and between the enrollment of men and the percent of personal expendi¬ tures spent for durable goods. Conversely, negative relationships have existed between the enrollment of men and the percent unem¬ ployed; and between the enrollment of men and the percent of the total population on farms. Much the same kinds of relationships are evidenced between the enrollment of women and the same economic factors. Undoubtedly, many factors are significantly related to college enrollment, with their influence changing over time. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 89 Degrees In 1955-56 the institutions of higher education in the United States (including outlying parts) conferred a total of 379,641 degrees of all levels (table XXXIV). This total was 5.8 percent above the total conferred in 1953-54. It marked an upward trend which may well continue in the foreseeable future. From 1951-52 to 1953-54, the previous biennia) period, the total number of degrees decreased by 1 1.0 percent. The peak year for the Nation was 1949-50, when 498,586 degrees of all levels were granted. This reflected the large influx of veterans into college at the close of World War II and their subsequent graduation a few years later. The 1955-56 figure is about 75 percent of the record total. Table XXXIV. — Earned degrees conferred by level: continental United States , 1869-70 to 1955-56; and aggregate United States , 1939-40 to 1955-56 Earned degrees conferred, by level Percent of all earned degrees Item All de¬ grees Bache¬ lor’s or first pro¬ fessional Master’s except first pro¬ fessional Doc¬ tor’s Bache¬ lor’s Master’s except first pro¬ fessional Doc¬ tor’s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1869-70 _ 9, 372 9, 371 12, 896 0 1 100.0 (') 0.4 1879-80 3 _ _ 13, 829 879 54 93.2 6.4 1889-90 2 _ 16, 703 15, 539 1, 015 149 93.0 6.1 .9 1899-1900 2 _ 29, 375 27,410 1,583 382 93.3 5.4 1.3 1909-10 2 _ _ _ 39, 755 37, 199 2,113 443 93.6 5.3 1.1 1919-20 2 _ _ 53,516 48, 622 4,279 615 90.9 8.0 1.1 1929-30 2 _ _ _ _ 139, 752 122, 484 14, 969 2, 299 87.6 10.7 1.7 1939-40: Continental United States _ 216, 521 186, 500 26, 731 3, 290 86.1 12.4 1.5 Aggregate United States 3 _ 217, 454 187, 396 26, 768 3, 290 86.2 12.3 1.5 1949-60: Continental United States _ 496, 874 432, 058 58, 183 6, 633 87.0 11.7 1.3 Aggregate United States 3 _ 498, 586 433, 734 58, 219 6, 633 87.0 11.7 1.3 1950-51: Continental United States _ 454, 960 382, 546 65, 077 7, 337 84.1 14.3 1.6 Aggregate United States 3 _ 456, 822 384, 352 65, 132 7, 338 84. 1 14.3 1.6 1951-52: Continental United States _ 401, 203 329, 986 63, 534 7,683 82.3 15.8 1.9 Aggregate United States 3 _ 403, 194 331,924 63, 587 7, 683 82.3 15.8 1.9 1952-53: Continental United States _ 372, 315 303, 049 60, 959 8,307 81.4 16.4 2.2 Aggregate United States 3 _ 374, 189 304, 857 61, 023 8,309 81.5 16.3 2.2 1953-54: Continental United States _ 356, 608 290, 825 56, 788 8,995 81.6 15.9 2.5 Aggregate United States 3 _ 358, 699 292, 880 56, 823 8, 996 81.7 15.8 2.5 1954-55: Continental United States . . 352, 140 285, 138 58, 165 8,837 81.0 16.5 2.5 Aggregate United States 3 _ 354, 445 287, 401 58, 204 8, 840 81.1 16.4 2.5 1955-56: Continental United States _ 376, 973 308, 812 59, 258 8, 903 81.9 15.7 2.4 Aggregate United States 3 _ .. 379, 641 311, 298 59, 440 8,903 82.0 15.7 2.3 By control of institution: 2.3 Public _ 200, 061 162, 237 33, 241 4, 583 81.1 16.6 Private _ 179, 580 149, 061 26, 199 4, 320 83.0 14.6 2.4 By sex of recipient: Men _ _ _ 247, 002 199, 571 39,413 8, 018 80.8 16.0 3.2 Women _ _ 132. 639 111,727 20. 027 885 84.2 15.1 .7 See footnotes at end of table. 473261 0—58 - 8 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 Table XXXIV. — Earned degrees conferred by level: continental United States , 1869-70 to 1955-56; and aggregate United States , 1939-40 to 1955-56— Con. Item Earned degrees conferred, by level Percent of all earned degrees All de¬ grees Bache¬ lor’s or first pro¬ fessional Master’s except first pro¬ fessional Doc¬ tor’s Bache¬ lor’s Master’s except first pro¬ fessional Doc¬ tor’s * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1955— 56— Continued Aggregate United States2 — Con. By predominant race of stu¬ dents in attendance: White _ _ 366, 179 299, 214 58, 062 8,903 81.7 15.9 2.4 Negro.. .. _ _ _ 13, 462 12, 084 1,378 89.8 10. 2 By type of institution: Universities _ 204, 604 156,050 40, 585 7, 969 76.3 19.8 3.9 Liberal arts colleges _ 105, 351 96, 753 8, 406 192 91.8 8.0 .2 Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges - 43, 337 35, 975 7, 307 55 83.0 16.9 .1 Technological schools. . 12,519 10, 241 1,880 398 81.8 15.0 3.2 Theological schools _ 5, 708 5,008 578 122 87.7 10.1 2.2 Other _ 8, 122 7, 271 684 167 89.5 8.4 2.1 1 Less than 0.05 percent. 2 Owing to reanalysis of data, figures are revised from those in earlier publications (see table II, footnote 18) . 2 Continental United States and outlying parts. The total resident college enrollment in aggregate United States in 1955-56 was estimated at 3,023,000. Thus, 12.6 percent of all reg¬ istered students took degrees during the year. In 1953-54 14.2 per¬ cent of all registered students were awarded degrees. In 1869-70, the first year for which the Office of Education has data, 17.9 percent were awarded degrees. Of the 379,641 degrees of all levels earned in 1955-56, first-level degrees (bachelor’s and first-professional) comprised 82.0 percent; second-level degrees, 15.7 percent; and doctorates, 2.3 percent. Corresponding percentages for 1953-54 were 81.7, 15.8, and 2.5, respectively. The relative proportions of first-level, second-level, and doctor’s degrees have exhibited some variation over the period since the war (fig. 3). The 1955-56 Situation Of the nearly 380,000 degrees conferred in 1955-56, almost 250,000 (approximately 65 percent) went to men and over 130,000 (approxi¬ mately 35 percent) to women. Of the 247,002 degrees awarded to men, 80.8 percent were at the level of the bachelor’s or first profes¬ sional degree; 16.0 percent at the second level (master’s degree, ex¬ cept first professional) ; and 3.2 percent, at the level of the doctorate. Corresponding percentages of degrees conferred on women were: first level, 84.2; second level, 15.1; and doctorate, 0.7 of 1 percent. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 91 Earned degrees (in 1,000’s) Figure 3. Earned degrees conferred, by level: 1939-40 to 1955-56 Among publicly controlled institutions advanced degrees (second level and doctor’s combined) amounted to 18.9 percent of the total; the corresponding percent for institutions under private control was 17.0. The actual number of doctorates conferred by publicly con¬ trolled institutions (4,583) was approximately 6 percent larger than the corresponding number of conferrals by the privately controlled (4,320). In 1953-54 the doctorates conferred by publicly controlled institu¬ tions numbered 7 percent more than those awarded by the privately controlled. These percentages reflect a reversal of the situation in 1951-52, when the doctorates conferred by the privately controlled institutions numbered 21 percent greater than those awarded by the publicly controlled. More than half (53.9 percent) of all degrees conferred in 1955-56 were awarded by universities, over one-fourth (27.8 percent) by liberal arts colleges, not quite one-eighth (11.4 percent) by teachers colleges, and the remaining 6.9 percent by independently organized and ad¬ ministered technical and professional schools of various types. This last group includes technological schools (3.3 percent), theological schools (1.5 percent), and other independent professional schools, not tabulated separately (2.1). In the year under review, as in previous years, men outnumbered women in earned degrees at each of the three levels and in each of the geographical regions of the continental United States (table XXXV. Table XXXV. — Earned degrees conferred , by level , sex of recipient , and region: 1949-50 and 1953-54 to 1955-56 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Women 1955-56 eo Ill, 727 110,579 29,002 32, 014 33, 968 15, 595 1, 148 20,027 19, 882 6,667 4, 470 6,589 2, 156 145 tO 1 38 »o SB Tf< t'- CO CM CO CM pH 1954-55 w 103, 799 102,675 27, 167 28,842 32, 385 14, 279 2 1,124 19, 464 19, 453 6, 634 4, 522 6,290 2,007 826 826 1953-54 a 105, 380 104, 297 28, 239 29,284 33, 250 13, 521 3 1,083 18, 676 CO s 00 6,517 3, 990 6, 282 1,877 ° 815 *o 00 351 264 107 93 1949-50 o 103, 915 103, 217 26, 720 31, 024 32, 226 13, 247 s 16, 982 16, 963 6, 758 4, 450 4, 145 1, 610 cr> 643 643 1 00 CO CM © NrH NO0 CM CM Men 1955-56 05 199,571 198, 233 56,863 57, 655 54, 040 28, 159 1,516 1,338 39, 413 39, 376 12, 751 11,452 8,888 6, 218 67 37 8,018 00 O oo" 2,629 2, 856 1,290 1,243 1954-55 ao 183,602 182,463 53, 329 52, 448 49, 340 25, 797 1,549 1, 139 38, 740 38, 712 12, 356 11, 163 8,906 6, 216 71 3 1 8, 014 8,011 1 2, 760 2, 903 1, 182 1, 166 CO 1953-54 - 187,500 186,528 55,541 53, 482 49,409 26, 002 2,094 972 38, 147 38, 122 12, 262 10, 835 9,418 5, 547 60 3 8, 181 o 00 00 2,654 3,063 1,242 1,221 1949-50 CO ! 329,819 328,841 87, 114 106, 286 87, 892 46, 119 1,430 978 41, 237 41,220 14, 558 12, 518 8,263 5,881 5,990 5,990 NCM»OtO cd MhON cm" cm" Both sexes 1955-56 311,298 308, 812 85, 865 89, 669 88,008 43, 754 1,516 2, 486 59, 440 59, 258 19, 418 15, 922 15, 477 8, 374 67 182 00 8,903 2, 974 3, 134 1, 426 1,369 1954-55 - 287,401 285, 138 80,496 81,290 81, 725 40, 076 1,551 2,263 58, 204 58, 165 18,990 15, 685 15, 196 8,223 71 39 8,840 8,837 1 3,083 3, 180 1,300 1, 274 CO 1953-54 eo 292,880 290,825 83, 780 82, 766 82, 659 39, 523 2,097 2, 055 56, 823 56,788 18, 779 14, 825 15, 700 7, 424 60 35 8,996 8, 995 3, 005 3, 327 1,349 1,314 1949-50 433, 734 432, 058 113, 834 137,310 120, 118 59, 366 1, 430 1,676 58,219 58, 183 21,316 16,968 12, 408 7, 491 36 6,633 6,633 2,645 2,385 747 856 Item - I. Degrees Bachelor’s or first professional Aggregate United States . --------- Continental United States . . Northeast . . . . . . . North Central . . . . - _ _ _ South _ _ _ West _ _ _ U. S. Service academies.. . _ _ ... . . Outlying parts. _ _ _ _ __ Master’s, except first professional Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ _ _ _ Northeast _ _ ... . . . __ . __ North Central _ _ ... . . . South... _ _ West _ _ U. S. Service academies. . .. _ _ _ Outlying parts _ _ _ _ „ _ _ _ . _ Doctor’s 1 Aggregate United States _ _ _ Continental United States . .. ..... Northeast.. ..... ... North Central. . . . . South... . ... . West _ Outlying parts. .. ... . HIGHER EDUCATION —FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 93 o O oevo o o 1 1,5 CO CO 05 x o o O ^ ^ 04 8 8 8882 8 8 CO 04 04 O CO 04 CO ^ 8 8 05 r-H* »d CO CO ^ o 05 05 *-> 04 CO CO O O HlCCO-H g 8 CN^’W^ N(NCO*-<^ 8 05 05 SS8S32 8 8 , 05* co’ ^5 cd CO CO i-h r— ' o © x x cox o o 05 05 TJ8 CO O ° O 8 8 cd oi ^ 04 04 CO ^ 8 8 SS382 8 ! 8 cd 04* cd i-I CO »— 1 < O CO NOON o 05 X 04 ^ O o I O 04 04 iO 8 8 i6o>~ 04 04 04 cc -< § 81 05 CO ^ 05* CO 04 04 8 ! 8 cd cd 04 CO ^ ^ O 1 CO ‘OO'H’HN r^. ° C0H1CX04 _ o O xco^»c 8 8 8882 ' © 2 d 04 05 04* id CO 04 04 8 8 04 id cd id CO CO ^ 1-1 ° O CO 05HX CO 05 x O O 04 O O ^ 04 X CO § 8 8882 1 8 £882 ‘ 8 8 ^•* cd CO CO — < ^ 0 1 1 O CO iO **» 05 »-« 10 ° 05 ^ *o 04 O o 1C ^ 04 05 8 18 8882^ 8 8 04* X CO CO 04 8 8 oi id CO CO •-< »-* £ o rj< 04 O ^ CO ° O CO Tf« o CO | 1 o o 1C 04 CO O 8 8 CO 04 CO ^ 04 CO 04 8 8 ‘OOCTf CO CO 04 ^ - 8 8 05 cd ^* cd CO CO ^ i—1 o L cc»coo»o 00 o N- 1 NOOC-HH CO O O ^ 04 O ^ 8 8 882 ' 8 8 1 S882 ‘ 1 8 8 cd id cd id CO CO 1— ' 1— ' o 04 OCO^O»C X o I 1 © | <00 - -H o O 050NTf 8 8 8882 ' 8 8 8882 ' 8 1 8 ^ cd ^ ^* CO CO 0 1 1 1 1 O CO CO CO 04 lO N O [ 05 O^CO-H^ o 1 ° ^OOCC 8 8 8882 ' 8 05 | 05 ( co* cd ^ co CO 04 04 § 1 8 co* id CO CO ^ O CO 04 N- N- N- CO 1 O 1 05 <©-* CO 05 - O O 05 05 CO 05 8 8 CO* ~ CO 1 04 CO 04 8 8 8882 8 8 05 id 04 CO co 1-1 —1 QQ W 030 © t. «M o o § ® . 69 £ be C O So IISS .s 1 Not conferred by U. S. Service academies. i Negligible. 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 In the outlying parts as a group, men outnumbered women in con¬ ferrals at the first level (bachelor’s and first professional), but women outnumbered men at the second level. No doctorates were conferred by institutions in this group. Data not published here indicate that in 1955-56 the doctorate was conferred in all except five of the States. In 1953-54 there were six States in which the doctorate was not conferred; in 1951-52 there were eight. Analysis by Level 9 Field , and Sex Analyzing the 1955-56 conferral of degrees by level of degree, major field of study, and sex of recipient (table XXXVI), certain facts and inferences become apparent : 1. No fewer than 1,321 institutions conferred the bachelor’s or first pro¬ fessional degree, 542 the second-level degree, and 162 the doctorate. Each of these represents an increase over 1953-54, when the corresponding figures were 1,315, 522, and 158. 2. No fewer than 160 fields of study offered enough work to constitute a major subject. At the level of the bachelor’s and first professional degree, there were fewer than 10 fields in which no conferrals were reported. These included Adult Education, Chinese, Pathology, Pharmacology, and some clinical subjects. 3. At the second level, the number of fields offering a major dropped slightly, but there were still nearly 150 fields in which conferrals were reported. 4. At the level of the doctorate, there were more than 130 fields of con¬ centration utilized by persons taking degrees. More than half of the fields in which no conferrals were reported were in the healing arts, where other forms of recognition by the profession are accessible. 5. The range of baccalaureate fields results in a wide range of numbers of persons taking this degree by fields. Japanese was the major field of four bachelors; Biophysics, Genetics, and Oceanography attracted six each. From there the numbers ranged up to more than 70,000 in the various branches of the Education field, this total representing an increase of more than 24 percent over the 56,817 reported for all branches of Education in 1953-54. Engineering (all fields) attracted more than 26,000, as compared with 22,329 in 1953-54. 6. The range of second-level and doctorate degrees, by field, was not quite so wide as that of the bachelor’s and first professional, but is still impressive. At the second level, it was from 1 in Japanese to well over 1,000 each in Chemistry, English, History, Music, and slightly over 30,000 in the various branches of Education. At the level of the doctorate, the range was from 1 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 95 each in Secretarial Studies, Optometry, certain branches of Education, Metallurgy, and certain of the healing arts, to 610 in engineering, 634 in psychology, and 986 in chemistry (excluding biochemistry). 7. The percent of men taking degrees appears to increase with the level of the degree. Thus, in 1955-56 the percent of men taking all baccalaureate or first professional degrees in fields studied by men was 64. 1 ; at the second level, 66.3; and at the level of the doctorate, 90.1. In 1953-54 corresponding percents were Baccalaureate, 64.0; second level, 67.1; and doctorate, 90.9. Data have not been compiled to show whether this is symptomatic of a long time trend or merely a temporary situation. 8. There is still a noticeable amount of crossing from field to field between the sexes, some women going into traditionally masculine fields and some men stepping into fields traditionally feminine. For example, in 1955-56, 76 women took their first degrees in Engineering (all branches) and 65 in Theology, while 35 men took the first degree in Home Economics (various branches) . Three cautions mentioned in the 1953-54 edition of this chapter are important enough to be repeated here: 1. The data presented here refer to numbers of degrees and major fields; they do not refer to the exact numbers of persons taking degrees. In certain instances, a person may take two degrees in one year, perhaps at the same graduation ceremony. These may be two degrees of the same level but in different fields, or they may be two degrees of different levels. In other instances a person may take one degree with two or more majors. 2. Again, the count of institutions conferring degrees in a given field is a good indication, but not an infallible index, of the number of institutions offering majors in that field. A small institution may offer a major in a given field but may happen to have no graduates in this field during the year under review. A single illustration will clarify the point: A total of 1,321 institutions conferred the baccalaureate or first professional degree. Of these only 753 (hardly four-sevenths) conferred it with a major in Mathematics. Even taking into account the fairly large number of pro¬ fessional schools of Theology, Medicine, and other subjects in which Mathe¬ matics would not be of paramount importance, it still would appear that more than 753 institutions could offer a baccalaureate major in this subject. 3. Finally, the number of institutions or degree conferrals in a given field as reported here may differ from similar data published by a professional society interested in the same field. The present tabulation is intended to include all institutions in the United States (including outlying parts) which in 1955-56 conferred degrees in the various fields; no attention is paid to whether these institutions are accredited or not. On the other hand, a report published by a professional association is fairly likely to include only profes¬ sionally accredited institutions, but to extend its list to member institutions outside the United States. Table XXXVI. — Earned degrees conferred , by level , sex of recipient , and field of study: aggregate United States , 1955-56 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Doctorate (Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) Women « US £ to »— • 1 1 ' 1 III! 1 III III 11 ! 117 Men 8,018 © S3 *0 CO QO 03 © O CO 00 ^ CO t-* ^ co 03 03 Is 05 Both sexes = 8, 003 345 os to — — — fn c*g Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree o 162 ■*< .1 co ooooe^oo 1 N 03»ocor^*Hto**<- HH ’f H fH 03 1-H 1-H 1-H *-H Is 22 87 54 72 26 65 44 2 33 Bachelor’s or first professional degree Women *0 LU ‘III 111 CO £3 03 03 « ^ JO IH © Is 2, 959 544 1,560 97 445 2 241 9 CO Men us © a 5,030 469 1,296 313 142 106 84 268 132 152 78 408 1,399 183 1, 373 9,607 3, 946 3, 441 166 1,324 41 185 39 6 75 Both sexes P5 311,298 5, 141 472 1,318 315 144 106 88 284 143 153 78 409 1,448 183 1,443 12, 566 ©*HCO©cocoacoao ^©o3r^ rr to" i-T Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree W e* P9 0*000 0500 ^05 0 0500 *>• too C003 ^ Tf« 03 CO CN CO 3 ©*01^00030^030 jo g © cs <5 i— co Field of study - Total _ Agriculture . Agronomy field crops . . Animal husbandry . . Dairy husbandry _ . . Dairy manufacturing, dairy technology Farm management (excluding agricultural economics) .. . Food technology _ . _. Horticulture (fruit and vegetaDle production) Ornamental horticulture (floriculture, nursery manage¬ ment, landscape gardening). . _ .. Poultry husbandry . . Soils (soil science, soil management, soil conservation).. Agriculture, other specific major fields Agricultural, general (general agricultural curriculum without major specialization) . Agriculture, not further classified _ Architecture (excluding architectural engineering) Biological Sciences. . Biological and premedical sciences, general Biology, general . . Botany, general . Zoology, general . Anatomy and histology _ Bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology . Biochemistry. . Biophysics... . Entomology HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 97 Cl ^ O ' ICO 1 1 II $ O CO CO 1 jio J *0 >CT> 'CO 1 o s s 7 1 62 38 13 1, 301 1 <§22 10 % 1 ooSSS!0^ a 7 1 62 38 13 1,583 1 S?S2 « £228-283^ 2 i 7 21 28 8 4 12 m ! t-H ^4 00 CO t o co co co |r^i^cooo^Hcooooco ci ! s CO d 00 JO wo 14, 133 2, 337 S3 | sass^g 2, 953 423 12 7 1,547 691 273 16,005 3, 567 S®8 8=a8®a«s*IS8l S ;! 3, 106 439 14 15 1,622 734 282 30, 138 5, 904 as8 s^siisss8iii ! * 2 2 co 22 ^ 2 55 3 3 74 49 15 222 asssss^sssss • Cl i II II 1 1 1 00 1 1 00 1 I 1 CO ' 1 H II II 4,094 419 12 1,236 1,118 1,024 285 50,733 13,083 2,735 32 122 59 91 300 2 849 2, 545 28 3, 080 15 2,210 39 976 43 10 12 140 38, 101 8,409 312 42 15, 060 11,858 2, 420 19,883 13, 801 S«S s*fc§88S"lc63 T r-T c7 50 £ 81 10 12 158 42, 195 8, 828 324 1,278 16, 178 12, 882 2,705 70, 616 26, 884 18§ gSsSSl$lliil od eccico «4 CO 00 j jcOSOMPO !2i! Is j 233 28SK§S£g8SSS PQ W Table XXXVI. — Earned degrees conferred, by level, sex of recipient , and field of study: aggregate United States , 1955-56 — Con. 98 Doctorate (Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) w [ENNIAL SI es a o LJRV] eo EY 0 cs F EDUCATIOI 1954-5 II $ 1 1 6 1 CM O* 1 | Oi i iO i Men w 179 • CO QO ^ CO 00 1 O! CM C C t ^ | « gj00 S O S 329 323 6 Both sexes - 228 ^ i-h Oi <0 CM CN 00 (D CO CO i- Qi 505 397 10 3 610 8 CO 382 b Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree o 1 h HtOO^fON CM 44 34 4 oo IO i-H lO t £> Second level degree (master’s except first professional) Women 6,328 140 275 4, 244 1.082 480 10 97 4.620 1,783 2,800 37 00 3 Ci 1 CO ^ g” Men ae 8 CO ji 22 1,341 1,580 380 22 125 7. 673 3, 962 3,684 27 i 4, 705 1, 117 12 Both sexes 9. 798 140 297 5,585 2, 662 860 32 222 12.293 5.745 6, 484 64 3 of 4,724 2,074 1.892 182 Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree CD 5 20 179 127 31 8 13 142 114 7 ft s iS Bachelor’s or first professional degree Women •O 36.662 695 2, 463 31, 849 959 631 65 87 8 00 $8 1-H t>- 8 V 9.711 8.876 835 Men 5.685 14 35 4,059 1, 175 341 61 83 £ to 91 223 r £ 7. 131 5,530 1,601 Both sexes | W 42.347 709 2, 498 35,908 2, 134 972 8 8 £ : •*« 239 976 f s 1 to 14. 406 2, 436 Institu¬ tions con¬ ferring this degree w 49 82 713 158 59 - 8 : CM 4 35 213 | IS Field of study 1 Education— Continued General teaching fields _ _ _ Nursery and/or kindergarten education _ fuuuiiuuu vuuuuiiun iiuruugu primary graues; Elementary education _ _ Secondary education > _ Combined elementary and secondary education _ Adult education _ _ ... Other _ _ _ _ _ _ N onteaching fields _ _ Counseling and guidance, educational administra¬ tion and supervision, educational finance, cur¬ riculum, comparative education, etc.) _ Education, general (without specific concentration) . . second-level or higher degrees onlv. . . _ umer _ Education— preprofessional degrees only _ fcaucation, not further classified _ Engineering 2 English and Journalism... English and literature (including comparative literature) Journalism _ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 99 See footnotes at end of table. Table XXXVI. — Earned degrees con/rerred, by level, sex of recipient, and field of study: aggregate United States, 1955-56 — Con. 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 — C C .3 •- fc. P§JS| lie ^ «-H « © — — < I Tf lO CS Tf< SL 3 , -cciac — o o t .c bl 2 o • 00 CS 05 lO ~§c.£.2£ g fc5 §? — — 'XONOO* I — c^oi^eoio os t' ro >c — ■ cs ro I ?) 8 gR iCrf 5 a> o> •^££ „ „ 00 o O EOOfc,5-K ■c - >j S 0.2 « 3 s s 325 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 101 §|a| co*oco*o— . ;3SC I CO 05 CO 00 00 O 05 < ^ Cl o N M O C 00 II ^ I r i s i PI 3 S8 CO Hd 00 1-H 05 1— i t CO 05 )COChcO*h( « OOCO N o; ) CO co .I c co I £2*0^^ Tf I 05 05 t>- ^ I 00 CO wonco r^ I NhXO^OOOCOOO »C»OOcOXrf05N^N COCOCOHICCWCOOJH tJ< u- co *o b§ 09 tx S2 ,§5 §1 2 ^ 1 jc>» 2 2.2. » S’ >> >. be ‘0 O i P ■ >. -C cnj-i £ ®®j? >> tc jf§ fc£gl ||Sf S O O C3 OOOW *S ,3 "S'qj tf S o v £3 O+J 0,2 m o -e c 2 C o o C '13 0 '« o _«u .2 s o £ . ® g '3-2 3 be S 3 , 0> Cfl > c o o w> fill bill* .2 C3 C2 fe.-S.2-2 upS 1 p o? o B G (. O"- H O O ® M > c* oc co co co co io o * PQ S cj cs 2 S c f.2g|5£ CO N^CONC »0 lO O 00 Oi CO o * « Si io io co 04 r- oo CO 30 lO N ^ I’il lll-i ss § ” o g-s ;3 C “ C3 'flS :«b«1 ^ ® “ or .2 ”3 © 1/3 W 03 PS .2 >3 f, £ "g S3#£p*3| g«G* £Pho>«1 hS b£ 3 < o o r- oo io - iiCHN I O to 005 00' oo r>. - s *3 3 o «’5‘ o S Iasi P O cJ s fl.ti ©8 4 E _ tisss jjfssf O - “52 2 g & “■jPo? « C3 S 3 05 Sgg-gfifi 5«g«A.2. J ti 03 .ss t£33 c- oQ •2g -n c “w >5 tuo >> © c 2 ’S3 © r 'c? ti B O) C/3 ^ C X3 — sSg 5^2 >,3 ,2 | a a ©' 5 ’S-f.S sfs ■O c t 03 w> fc ofi?4 £££ -Si X: 3 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 103 Collection of the Data The data on which this Biennial Survey is based were collected by means of the five questionnaires listed below. Each of these ques¬ tionnaires resulted in a circular carrying detailed data on individual institutions in addition to summary tables. 1. Report of Opening (Fall) Enrollment: 1955 (Form RSH-4(55), repro¬ duced in Circular No. 460; published December 1955). 2. Comprehensive Report on Enrollment ( Summer Session and Fall): 1955 (Form RSH 50-55, reproduced in Circular No. 493; published December 1956). 3. Fall Report on Faculty in Institutions of Higher Education: 1955 (Form RSH-51, reproduced in Circular No. 504; published May 1957). 4. Survey of Earned Degrees Granted During Year 1954-55 (Form RSH-2 (55), reproduced in Circular No. 461; published December 1955). 5. Survey of Earned Degrees Granted During Year 1955-56 (Form repro¬ duced in Circular No. 499; published May 1957). Questionnaire 2 was accompanied by a sheet (printed on both sides) entitled “SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS relating to enrollment in institutions of higher education.” This sheet is reproduced in the appendix of the present report. Table 1. — Faculty and students , by region and State: 1955-56 A. All Institutions 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Enrollment, November 1955 Exhibit items Veterans 2 en¬ rolled in college- grade courses under— Public Laws 550 and 894 C 3 5 = 96, 161 4.802 1,168 14, 276 1,064 9, 372 40, 877 22, 039 1,916 647 115, 115 19. 977 10, 586 6,692 6, 187 16, 457 8, 515 11,409 Public Laws 16 and 346 25 1 1 5 3 16, 169 660 31 2, 228 30 1,708 7, 361 4, 017 118 16 10, 697 2, 644 857 266 227 1,421 1, 171 725 First time in any college (resi¬ dent, col¬ lege- grade) 1 r* 709, 451 702, 012 158, 103 9,060 2, 637 27. 493 2, 620 13, 044 60, 132 36, 949 3, 831 2, 337 206,447 35, 217 21, 253 13, 352 12, 142 26,115 14, 293 18, 897 Other Correspondence Non- col- lege- grade cd 1 1 3 3* 3 O 1 C* • 1 1 CO Tf< 1 1 1 1 1 1 O) T-i 1 1 . ■ 1 • CO CD > 1 | j^csT | § 9, 350 1,611 78 2, 679 483 433 6, 134 Col¬ lege- grade § i S' s 3,074 i © © l i Tt' l jss j : :s : : 1 sf 17, 024 3, 775 2, 704 4,843 1,694 2, 456 10. 521 Indi¬ vidual lessons 2 s s sf $ s «f :§§ “"Ij :2 1 s 2,692 810 739 442 165 1, 816 2, 370 Short courses « s s s' s' 10, 358 l§i 1 - CD S Extension Non- col- lege- grade 1 s s s' 16,868 434 377 358 2. 867 5. 280 5. 594 1.943 15 I if 3,783 2, 446 155 1,361 7,191 486 3, 520 Col¬ lege- grade - 1 1 * S' 40,572 1,198 1,409 6. 444 849 3, 259 11, 597 12. 234 3,506 7b 48,328 8, 212 3. 000 2. 405 2, 191 7,690 10, 561 3,319 Resident Noncollege-grade Termi¬ nal occu¬ pational o s i s' s' 5,886 ;§i ; ; co ; ! 7,863 gs!5lg§ Adult educa¬ tion 1 at 161,437 161, 009 38,620 ISI :J = SS ! -• i s:rf i ! 58, 003 3, 046 7. 390 3, 757 2,118 8, 667 4, 310 4,046 College-grade Graduate (en¬ rolled beyond the bachelor’s or lst-profes- sional degree) Women a© 1 73, 767 73, 169 § 55 1,871 13 2, 754 59 2. 041 16, 744 3,504 123 20 16, 973 5,167 2, 162 799 503 3, 191 542 1,225 Men 1 3 s' S' 8 5 3. 777 87 9, 021 373 6, 279 34, 923 12, 672 45,034 9. 740 5. 543 2, 454 1,637 9, 158 3, 274 2, 828 Undergraduate and lst-profes- sional Women CD s 1 t i 8 S 9,012 2, 685 30, 478 2, 625 14. 007 87, 209 39,760 3, 545 2,933 II i 46, 523 20, 300 15, 080 13, 005 36, 136 18, 157 20, 138 Men 1,584,054 1,571,353 406,951 22, 012 5, 407 62, 245 5. 956 33. 244 172, 325 93, 860 7. 652 4, 250 1! 3 1! * 87, 710 42, 641 25, 217 23, 375 66, 131 28, 330 40, 443 College- grade- enroll- ment, 3d week of fall term, 1955 (resi¬ dent and exten¬ sion) - i 1 3 s' 37. 725 8, 072 104.371 9,417 56, 611 314, 291 153, 638 13, 152 7. 209 772,349 150,421 72, 680 44, 362 38, 495 119,833 50, 361 64, 685 *1 li Women W 69,475 68,568 16, 809 1.201 276 2, 826 248 1,034 7, 067 3, 397 425 335 20, 990 ISCSIS 1 1 o £ Men S I i i 1 4,116 785 11.509 884 4, 434 27, 464 14,112 1.283 843 67, 178 14, 837 6. 505 4. 148 3, 655 7. 348 3, 920 5. 854 1 1 I “ ! - States Continental United States _ Northeast .... Connecticut _ Maine _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ Vermont. _ North Central ... Illinois _ Indiana Iowa _ _ Kansas _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri _ HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 105 3,936 1,962 18, 538 2, 087 8,769 QO §f 7, 493 3, 361 664 9, 165 7,646 5, 171 6, 055 5, 338 4, 858 8, 576 10, 105 3, 722 7,290 26, 996 4,641 4,286 5, 061 79,877 W»0 05000CMCMC0005 ©CM©»-©t^©4Ot^^ ^"r>T©"co"CM cm" ©" cm" 1-h" 00 1-4 2,038 as eo 368 124 70 5, 374 1,503 443 255 65 178 2, 051 19, 118 193 613 177 326 178 119 616 1,771 68 1,547 13, 510 4, 507 3, 398 308 113 cm 1 © r- © 00 ■ ^ 00 © ' © 2,521 1,928 1,573 865 1,025 n cm r** ** 1,839 3,047 1,067 872 4, 034 1,029 688 1,893 4,652 125 2, 101 5,110 478 122 213 I * CM 1,402 5,833 2, 004 746 403 126 394 2, 284 2, 703 4,792 335 CM r* 172 86 181 2, 9^5 269 312 g 16 41 18 217 223 400 195 28 187 809 129 446 598 1, 149 346 66 287 1,835 > © © © CM © © 1— < 1^- 1 IHHCMHH40W 'CO ' 1 ^ QC CO ' 1-4 - 1 184 15 4, 498 337 2,636 £ CO eg 43 28 441 4,283 525 435 694 334 1,378 3, 790 124 3, 503 468 289 9, 646 300 7, 961 218 98 © *—1 CM ' • © CO CO 1 1 CO CO ^ ' ' 469 1 ^ 1 05 1 O C5 ' CO 1 CO 0 If*- ' 0 fH j j cm" 8,793 r- CM CM 05 CM 0 ^ 1 CM 0 CM 05 CO ^ XCCOCCCrfO 1 ' O Tji X iC' N r-i © Q0 CO 05 1 1 CM 1-4 © CO CO *-h ' i i i eo U CO 41 27, 757 1,078 173 30 372 42 1,526 307 714 Hi 1.684 409 3. 954 1,376 3,527 CO wa ** rt< ** © co © oo © eo ^ © © ^ © © cm cm NrHCO^iOOiOaiCM^rrTfCMiOiOCM fH iHtMt^NCOC00CO»O4fCX00^CCO5 r-t © 1-H CO 1-4" cm" 1-4" CM cm" cm" CM -454" ^ ao s 8“ 2, 332 41,740 4, 257 901 674 951 2, 692 1,811 4,112 738 3, 809 8 CO 10 1-1 CM CM CM CO 00 cm" sseg :s CO © 1 £ 51 87 21 30 88 17 23 765 231 1,313 38 130 1,672 964 71 6 16, 689 13, 778 655 404 123 00 © © © ^ 198 © * i 1,607 137 6, 300 16, 625 8 © 19 83 1,699 712 511 563 1,068 507 784 39 821 7, 238 274 44 1,260 48, 764 39, 133 2,210 678 94 1,199 453 567 4,041 389 00 CM 225 CO 1 • 8 : ; CO 00 CO CO 05 CO CO rf tT CM CM cm" 16, 986 929 294 230 1, 144 364 684 833 938 314 772 1,319 410 1,203 3, 981 371 383 2, 817 12, 081 454 8, 342 724 79 86 20 304 1,171 254 605 42 598 © © CO © co 1-H ^ 817 313 6,177 174 2, 919 1 Ct CO 1 834 449 750 1,760 723 1,122 1,669 3, 355 448 1,959 2, 006 672 2, 026 7,204 802 512 5,807 8 w CO 775 22, 238 2, 022 182 299 60 830 2, 058 1,282 2,084 192 620 © CM CO S3 8, 186 3. 001 41,381 3, 511 19, 059 as as cm ** 12, 066 5,982 1,360 13, 859 14, 698 12, 602 15,171 11,479 9, 555 18, 830 12,298 8, 370 15, 036 45, 498 15, 507 8, 056 9, 124 wa © eo as h* 5, 145 92, 206 10, 560 2,640 3,112 812 2, 621 9,151 8, 186 13, 680 1,542 10, 309 410 94 140 7,649 2, 016 14, 368 5. 879 80, 408 6, 605 30, 947 40 05 ct sf 20, 402 11,510 1,853 27, 393 26, 308 19, 686 25, 553 24, 351 14,715 29, 474 30, 824 14, 552 26, 083 95, 162 21,676 13, 469 19, 284 281,846 10, 339 171,777 18, 637 5, 582 5,714 1,311 7,017 17, 094 15, 576 26, 114 2, 685 8, 207 12, 701 00 © © © 00 Tj< C © © 00 © 1-H CO © ©"cm" 24, 216 9,022 131, 590 10, 657 56, 027 05 ia ct r» 38, 131 18, 192 5, 574 44, 526 41,778 33, 585 43, 401 39, 386 25, 646 50, 652 46, 552 23, 750 44, 407 153, 148 43, 397 23, 313 36, 721 497,970 19, 329 309, 277 31,846 8, 250 9, 288 1,851 10, 949 29, 409 25, 951 46, 765 5, 055 §1 CO I 1 OS * £ 1 1, 122 323 242 17, 629 6,273 CO © U- T* CO CM O 05 CM ^ 00 CO 00 CO O cm" cm 05 O Ci 1,387 579 114 1,130 1,326 1,156 1,353 1,240 1,064 1,985 1,043 817 1,601 3, 329 1,491 562 914 9,658 CO©©U-©©©©©CO© Is— © i-h CM © CO © cM © © ^ CM © 00 CM CM CM 00 ^ CM 1— « [ «“ 1 8 1 1 1 907 *— < *-h t~— CO © ©1-4 © CO U- 1-H CO CM CM ^ ci 00 © u- CO 00 © 00 00 cm" 0 ©" eo r» CO g 2, 864 1,528 525 3, 896 4,172 2, 128 3, 787 4, 750 2, 240 4,423 3, 084 1,898 4, 571 9,802 3, 519 1,295 3,891 25 ' QO" I CO 1 959 22, 937 3, 085 709 800 226 1,000 2, 656 2, 058 3,411 353 1,167 1, 765 ’ © © 00 © t- 00 1-H 1-4 00 © r-. iHCO Nebraska _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ South Dakota - Wisconsin _ South _ Alabama _ Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee _ Texas _ Virginia _ .. West Virginia _ District of Colum¬ bia _ West _ Arizona _ California.. . . . Colorado _ Idaho _ Montana _ New Mexico _ Oregon _ Utah _ Washington _ Wyoming _ U. S. Service Academies _ Outlying parts of United States _ Alaska _ Canal Zone _ Guam _ Puerto Rico . . _ Territory of Hawaii. 473261 0—58 - 9 Sec footnotes at end of table. 106 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Enrollment, November 1955 Exhibit items Veterans 2 en¬ rolled in college- grade courses unde r— Public Laws 550 and 894 © s © * *11 N © £ SS 1 ** ! © ccT o* 2, 156 990 1,800 804 1,862 12. 248 5.795 598 449 © 9. 569 6, 273 4. 488 5,657 12, 309 6, 085 4, 953 Public Laws 16 and 346 ao s ss r» us 1,481 .c O Correspondence Non- col- lege- grade © 18,386 18,380 1 8 N i l i i i i t>» i i i i i i i i CQ i > i i i i i CO ' ' i i i i i i i ' 8,194 N • © CO CO ' > © ' oc co • i © - © ^ ^ * ' rA i » i i ^ CO 1 1 1 1 1 us © © 3, 035 2, 346 1,323 7.191 486 3,520 Col¬ lege- grade ^ US 1 © ^ W US | g 16, 043 1,136 1.255 1,929 661 2. 543 4, 910 1,324 2. 256 29 39,591 00 US ^ © io © © T}T ■ • | eo | 30, 454 41 27, 079 1,059 173 269 m •* . : Is 1.652 409 2,981 1,134 3, 270 38,060 =i8SSII§SisSfgig i » _Teo*-<*~*~“ 'eo>‘~“ j 3 Sf 2, 332 41, 135 4, 257 671 674 935 2, 550 1,499 IS I * 2 e«s* IS ill j esT j f\ £ us* g s 13,292 480 404 101 869 i = © | 1,506 137 1.718 14, 344 II IS Sils31ls : ;Es5 ! : : 1 3 :gES“ SSS- 18 «r S S 1 ! i : asg5ii § = IsislilsIlSSsISII ~ eo 9,296 454 6, 186 409 58 86 20 304 1,089 166 !« : s CO . gg 729 313 3, 689 174 2, 460 s 2 744 400 750 1,367 571 959 1,063 1,863 411 1,369 1,547 513 1,270 4, 972 694 501 785 i s 774 13, 579 1,205 154 299 60 830 1,876 1,016 5S J S I US ii 5,082 2, 793 21. 172 2, 018 11.575 134,645 IIIS?SllliSlsSIIS t-'V Noo®ocD®a®eqVoa«V I s 5, 033 76, 807 7, 363 1,752 2, 450 812 2, 490 6, 095 4, 326 3, 1,542 1 8, 881 410 94 140 6, 221 2,016 10, 218 5, 648 43, 196 5, 308 19, 706 270,664 SlSSSiSllfillSslll us aT V os cf ec' eo cf »o gf ad V ao eo' o' i-T 6 8 9, 963 139, 744 13, 765 4, 554 4,930 1,311 6, 435 12,523 10, 756 il| l oei qo 10,918 S§*i! ^ CO d ' ' 1 » 1 1 11 § US* O ^ 00 ' i l ^ US L"* 1 1 1 CO CO 1 1 l*H aT • i i erf 1 1 1 Col¬ lege- grade us ® ® r» r* w w N N w w W d i d O 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 17, 304 O Id I ' ’-H §2 p ; ;s US 1 lid* 1 1 1 Indi¬ vidual lessons MS us g g 8“ 8 1 3, 963 497 820 6 4 1,963 657 16 11, 521 2, 688 646 382 244 146 1,759 2,203 Short courses 1 s i 15, 087 15,087 US COCOd id0005 tCO CO CO 00 ' GO ^ OO < i-H i co ' 1 CO ' I 1 > 1 7, 698 3, 130 89 89 139 161 943 Extension Non- col- lege- grade -1 - > CO CO «r «r 1 8 (JO • i § i oc d oo 05 i I 1 1 iNhhh 1 III 1 1, 800 00 O US 00 ' ' ' ^ O US CO ' ' ' Nhh III Col¬ lege- grade -1 39, 196 39, 136 8 s 62 154 4, 515 188 716 6,687 10, 910 1,250 47 r* eo ao 3, 318 442 1,936 152 138 886 361 Resident Noncollege-grade Termi¬ nal occu¬ pational ® 8, 800 8,712 r- us V 110 288 81 3, 810 94 191 8 rf ^ 1 O 00 us CD o 05 ' 00 1 us 00 1 Adult educa¬ tion US US oe ao « « 21,237 CO i 1 85a iisi00 ; d • ^ co « I 13, 732 888 56 275 2, 049 20 3, 480 College-grade Graduate (en¬ rolled beyond the bachelor’s or lst-profes- sional degree) Women GO 34, 133 34, 133 « 8 8 1,223 2,530 25 1,060 12, 071 3,228 79 7 5,591 2, 789 192 242 5 189 13 944 Men 93, 661 93, 661 3 05 us 2,395 8,565 219 4, 908 30,014 11,500 317 26 13, 136 5, 854 1, 148 228 509 388 1,974 Undergraduate and lst-profes- sional Women 1 CO 361, 144 359, 716 us w sf 4,011 1,195 25, 397 1,098 8, 917 48, 149 29, 360 2, 457 1,667 110,568 28, 154 9,065 8, 047 4, 024 8, 072 8, 465 12, 243 Men us 1 701, 060 699, 277 O r* 8" d 14, 781 2,118 56,312 3, 417 27, 692 111,666 75, 636 5, 856 2, 229 191,719 50, 526 21,117 10, 837 3, 481 18, 554 9,506 23, 567 College- grade- enroll- ment, 3d week of fall term, 1955 (resi¬ dent and exten¬ sion) 1 ^ 1 * ! 1 1,190,041 1.186,680 504,719 22, 574 3, 215 92, 954 4,948 42, 740 201,490 123, 714 9, 196 3,888 319,417 85, 843 31, 355 20, 373 7,604 27, 399 18, 137 39, 233 ^ Total faculty, November 1955 Women -1 31, 386 31,272 US ~ i 628 100 2, 440 119 776 4,697 2,639 247 129 1 us GO ao S d 00 05 £ d 3 dCDiOCOUSNH d~ H Men I 1 ~ 1 ! 108, 851 108, 748 50, 900 2, 952 318 10, 580 488 3,711 19, 860 11,745 914 332 26, 308 8,402 1,984 1,105 456 1,761 1,174 3, 961 Region and State - Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ Connecticut- . __ Maine _ _ _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ Vermont. _ ... North Central _ Illinois... _ Indiana _ . Iowa... _ . . Kansas . Michigan _ Minnestoa _ .. Missouri _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 109 lOOWOO^OOJNONCC^cOOiCO^ O^OiN^HM^O^MOOiOCO^tOGOOO lOr^^c^co^r^cococ^ooeo^t^T^oooo I CS CCWh(NiOh I 22SSc I HCOOWf pcococooowcseo»oo50oooco^05< i-H COh CO © r-H CO CS © I W © NNco^o^goww«o>ooo5t^o ©COCO'^100©00COt'-©»-H©©a0©©00 efi-f t-r co co" co" ^ oo" ^ co © *-h h$T ^ tjT oo oo © c* H>OON of CO CO © ^ F-H CO © 1-H co" of © oJ CO oJ CO CO ^ ©©©©co©©©©co< 5 ^ © rt^ © ^ *-< oj . oc © co ^ © © © © 00 !^^©^©©©P'H^^©N( )0^©0^©000^c0©©©t^ — ^ < »©T0t^OI00 00 ©00©F-t©©©' " t-T © © ©"-^T^Tcf ©" co" © t> h*T C Oi © 00 e* 1-H © © 00 © 1-H CO 1-H 00 © ©CO 1-H © © © CO © © H © 00 © 1-H t- F-H © co »— « © Tj< ^CS(NCUN C^I^OO©OC©©OO^t^C^^HC^© ©©i-*t-co©co^oa^Ht^c^cot^ co»iTf«FH©oo©©cor^oo©c^© © CS co" © © ©" 1-H cf co" t-" © F-H © © © CO 1-H © oo" co" r>»" b- © > CS'— O c c.& --2utli3» £ 2 M 3 ;s >>.52 , I © •° 5 Ss*C fee's 2 S'Som — ■2^ © o 8 § oS § S 2.3 £-2 •<*-^Q |X! !B ll .So u o •2>t5 Is 3-3 'Cc3H_ c5 ' 03 r^j ^ C ’£ 13 *3 i2 5 © © £ .2 ^ ^ u a& >s tf S W H CO o co' u . <5 & Mc-O till 5l3C^ 3 cwoc o co -j O Q s-eS * C Oj o fc -2 § 3 3 S <:qoahEh Q« Table 2.— -Faculty, by type of position, control of institution, region, and State: November 1955 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Professional library staff Private © © e* 0O 0O w « V V ao ao p* tPbOQOON^M CO — ■< CO CO 1, 108 cf7GOOcototor^coc^r>»^Hto Public © w w e ** o 513 cs eo w gSKSggSSg-SaE Faculty for resident instruction in college-grade courses 6 = 1 ts 83 e/3 Private 14, 501 14,484 8, 164 264 5 2, 677 28 273 3,140 1,638 120 19 3,031 QOi^tot^aoaor^cotococ^ OWCOHOifDOcO ^ 00 hN 07 .2 a 3.2 3-m Public S 5 ao M5 W5 1, 591 t» •*»< 50 I- 00 tO C* Oi O4M>OC004«04C0^H to to 1,274 1, 108 709 551 447 530 275 232 46 1,566 54 663 With rank of instructor or above Full-time equivalent Private 74, 169 74, 008 32, 015 1,628 306 6,621 406 2, 296 12, 610 7, 252 583 313 18,898 4, 909 1, 761 1,209 616 1, 386 1,248 2, 365 471 32 3, 351 192 1,358 Public a W W 8 S ao 10, 173 ao co co to oo o> © © s s « « 8 320 96 1,060 80 398 1,691 1,250 140 99 3,759 ^©OOOC^Oit^t^C^-^tOOO 00 CO CO 1-H O'! *t< — < © CS Public £ 5 <0 (C ao ao w e* CO^fO^ONiC^fvO © © © e $ M e* ao l 5, 317 1,061 14, 335 1, 132 5, 468 34, 531 17, 509 1,708 1,178 88,168 f ®»N®IN«rta«10 C. « O CO I— 1^ « i £ ; agsaa'-sssss 3 3 I — ^ ro !• 8 *" 3 5 CM ' a 5 S3a83*gS58SaSS3R § ri SSESSSSSgS? is i §p§igs§|S||g~gg -t-T - -re-f-r »<*— " «a* 5 s "8I8E » fcgl* i _r — - ; S j s § 3‘| S!31i!l§sssS8Ss§? eo-T nV«nMeoV»HW®w« Vi n SSliSSSSISS -on -" -TesTeMNr" ; £ || 1 « 5 gssg! 2 X 8 ss^sisisssaaisgss -T cm" cm V- ir s -1 oo sis!. : r- s i s' lli§!l5Sgs;S51I§S SSISlSlgll? -‘2'CC‘ -CM-M |So 3 CM* ' 8**E8 i s' aillllilllBSsSis! TTCM CU5MUJCMC «*««--» 1 5 SlialiliSSI — " gC co* — <" — * « cm" V !§i 11 E CM" South Alabama . . . Arkansas . . . Delaware . . . . . Florida . . . . Georgia . . Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana . . . . Maryland _ Mississippi _ _ _ North Carolina . . Oklahoma . South Carolina . . . . Tennessee . . Texas . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . West Virginia _ _ District of Columbia . . : : : : ; : i !!'.!! i !:'.!! : : : : : : : : : ! : : : : | j j j : 1 iid ; J * IS# f lift 1 i a 3 o C a S C£ a GQ GO 1 i * \ a c j* ii 1 s§ g ! 1 1,015 34 30 184 106 376 250 16 12 II* s cD05^0NO^W«CDX»0 I (D^CDCOcDCONr- CM^cO Public ** 30 40 CO »0 '005 • CO 1 ' ' »o »o o N 437 165 109 169 147 134 104 119 110 123 82 356 Extension faculty Other extension faculty 3 Private c* p. « J2 © ** ‘ml Public r? f* 9% 30 s S jjT 30 *>• 05 O X X CM '05CWN r-« 1 lO • 4, 300 1 (N^--aiooosfO'<»<>o«oo»o 1 Giving courses (college-grade and noncollege- grade) Private N N s s « « o s 00»»OtOCNOC CM CO h 1 1 839 ^ CM U- CO CO 05 O ^ CM Tt* CO — © © CM 50 13 34 Public n N s s o»‘ aeT © “1 N»C»OQC^»Otf (DC 05»005»0c0X-«©CM CM CM X 3D ! C0C0©0505*0«-h*-iO05C0C0 Faculty for organized research Private O 10, 408 10, 406 CO w c© 203 1,541 26 519 3,090 783 102 3 3 1 CMCMCM^05©CC»-« cm p-n johx 1 j! Public . i 16, 648 16, 170 1,537 CM'*J«C0C0t^05') Part-time Women US 46,684 46, 083 9, 750 575 14 1,299 45 1,313 4, 429 2,014 53 8 O CO N ^©C^*-»US©CO©CO^CO© ©C^GC©C^^C0t^C0*O©© ^ co co e* co co oo^oo CO* r-T | Women « $£ || 5 r® ^ ** ** II 2, 271 890 7,984 923 3, 057 17, 192 9, 332 1,035 1, 063 us 3 ao CO ©ooc^cous^h©oo©co©oo COTfi©u5o-^^^OiCtX)^H CCC W»ONW«»h^*C *N ioopccOfhioioiocoos^h COHIC ^ CM t}*WOh SSSS'" .OOOQOOOfhQOCOPCOOiO * *— » PC f'- Oh CO WO NOOONCWOOWi »0CMPCcc^05r^t^PCi-<* hhhOOCD< o 05 co pc WWXh^MPOPIOWXhhOXON PC i-T t}T rjT cc ^ PC CO* PC* ei ^ of fH 05HOWHOOWOOO OOOOWNOINNNN TtT oT PC* CM* CM* 05 l> CM* H 'C^W 1 b- o I PC lO oV *o © © jo pc < PC to PC oo os pc 00 CO t>- H CM HIOHPCH CM PC H W»OHWXOCM t CMCOWHWWNCOt'* CM PC H CO 05 00 CO 05 IO H hiCCOW^O CM 00 TJH H , PC Tt< ^ Tf< ^ PC S2§! 00 So 05 CO S :sggg IXXWO pc pc 05 cm I H PC 00 ^ Tt< C IHCOOO®! >>c»co*or^ CM PC ^ 5 S 00 CM CM CM r>T h h CM CO iOOOPCCMCD^N05CMN00505XOi. 05NaOCOXOHCOOHXWNNW' 05CM*OOOCMO^XOCONCM^X^( CM* CO* h »C »C PC CO CM* 05* 05* PC* 00 CO oT iO* 00* 1 0500 ^ 0500CM10CMOIC^ O5^00-hO5CCCMCM^GO00 »O»OCMt^FH00O5PC^CM»O kO* © ^ CM* PC* CM O 00 ^ 1-H r» I i io 05 ^ pc i-H r- cm c CM 05 ^ CM* oT rC o l>r t>T irf ^ cm 1C 00* CM* CM* PC 40 CM H CM CM CM CM CM h PC PC h CM O CM h CM PC © *C CD ^ 05 < PCCC05400505CMCMPCPC^0^^40CMPC WCMhhOOCMhOO^OWOOW^O 'PC^^CM40T#iCM^40CCCMPC pcpcpcpc^hpccm^oopc^h -‘^XhONN05XcD 05^CMCMt^^CM^^ 05 it CO 05 O N05PCNTf 05 ^ CM ^ PC £> S a o3 *o ' : ''Sg J ~ ^ ^ >>c3 'g gc3 g ^c3.2o§3‘^§0^ :.2>-g g ^ 2 cg.sC-2 2,2'nfcs’3h$'£,2'S§ S Sctoi jg**9 0) bx c II >> x a S tf -r 2533 «JOO0-£ See footnote at end of table. i. Publicly Controlled Institutions 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 « 2 c © c :§ 35 V BS I College-grade students enrolled first time in any college (Exhibit item >) Part-time Women Ifl *■< eo r* n c* fCco N W ae •0 co of 130 31 2 207 2, 255 6 7 |i CO* 1,596 1, 180 72 178 710 83 493 148 33 993 25 518 Men 3 >« eS oc e>9 S3 £ CO 133 00 CO *>» CO 05 ■ ^ cO O CM 1 fH ^ © ■ co ! 1 I of II 1 2, 073 1,417 80 584 1, 125 52 567 251 18 2,427 12 696 Full-time Women W CO O «5 CO *0 ^ CO*' V W N 16,327 1, 383 491 1, 707 486 1, 177 7, 193 3, 148 329 413 39, 580 5, 038 3, 575 2, 368 2,929 6,609 3, 031 2,408 1,453 1,327 6, 048 893 3, 901 Men w 3 § r* co co*«T w w eo o* eo* 1,980 1,045 2,028 700 1,050 9,586 5, 907 470 527 8 CO CO* CO 9,153 6, 166 4, 138 5,672 9,790 5,402 4,887 2, 566 1,788 9,671 1,727 5,565 Total 3 ^ r* w co j2g 47, 944 3, 626 1, 536 3, 814 1, 191 2,891 24, 039 9,090 799 958 CO CO Is QOOOOCO^QOcOOOCOOJ^O coeococoeocOco-HCoeocoo© aoeocoeocMcoco^i-HF-Hcoo tf'CMC^oTodod'oO’^COOrCMCf Students of noncollege grade Terminal occupation Women o 6, 130 6, 065 © o* CO CM 2SS CM 2 31 II 8 T* l-H 1 1 CM Men eo qo ^ CO WH w w at ao 1 co co CO 3 ; 05 CO _ 19 13 25 3,385 110 5 2 631 05 CO Total QO sss w w r*V w w o> eo 1 £• © 13 31 s o CO* 05 co co co i-i o co i CM CO CO CM CO 1 00 CM CO t CO I'- Adult education Women r» CO QO CO ^ «5 « co co s ©* 8 I 1 10, 192 »o 1 CO V e* 1,318 4,695 2, 399 765 3, 102 3, 066 355 853 63 614 CO t'f' Men C© CO CO QO O CO cO CO* CO* W5 6,801 625 8 10 4,683 8 of 840 2,695 1,302 1,078 3, 516 1, 224 211 653 74 1, 104 05 CM CM Total _ 118,252 117, 824 eo 8 rf 655 cm s 11 14, 875 44,271 2, 158 7, 390 3,701 1,843 6, 618 4,290 566 1,506 137 1,718 CO Students of college grade Women - 504,677 495, 198 76, 909 5, 649 1,503 5, 305 1,561 6,071 43, 733 10, 676 1, 132 1,279 145, 291 20, 747 13, 205 7,590 9, 479 31,066 10, 221 8,176 5, 316 2, 854 22, 463 2, 064 12, 110 Men eo 966, 798 955, 260 116, 927 8, 613 3, 376 6,389 2,693 6, 923 65, 568 19, 396 1,905 2,064 II eo ; II cf r" 41, 070 25, 919 16, 606 21, 531 56, 226 21, 710 17, 730 10, 947 5,961 46,885 5, 482 22, 166 Total w 1,471,475 1, 450, 458 193, 836 14, 262 4, 879 11,694 4, 254 12,994 109, 301 30, 072 3,037 3,343 II cS CO if eo 61, 817 39, 124 24, 196 31, 010 87, 292 31, 931 25, 906 16, 263 8,815 69, 348 7,546 34, 276 ^ ct ©a Cp -w C 4 w ei be C ! S g’S > -a g| l > & * go a o o> - CiO^f00WN^»CiC«^p0005^»C»O ©^oor^©©^r^ao©coCM-H05r^CM© »ooo^*cnoo^»o^cow^n»h^o^ co of co" V of Vof^Vcoofcoiococo 'r)«pO*O^NNNNiO >©05©- F-« © CO © : HCOMO»OOM co" V co © r>T co" 05" co co" gT co" © > C Tf« IT, C ^ X Cl : © CM cm © -er © ■io»o»oo5^ go" r-" of of of co" oo" OOfOO 'o»o^»o ^ ^ oo cm CO 00 CM SSg! CO © '^f :38S OSiOOJOOi © CM 0© ^ ^ © © CO o^-coQ^r^^g5^t^co^co*ooo»o^ *-T oo ^ ©" of © co oo co" of co" of r^COCM©©CM^^CM©^ ao©r^^coco©oo©~ao ^05t^00»000t^*-«^^ic ©cgWef cm" t^." t#T of 2SS 83 ©"cm" ^co©^^*©©©©©©^^ ^©00 00^^00©©CM©^CM CX)t^^©©QO©^OO^Tt^T^^ ©© t-* 00 © ^ © ©00 © co CM t- © CM r- c CO 05 §5 CO CM s" s i ^ ^ 2" li s" ^Tf»^TfiOCM^©©CO©OO^^^CM© ©oocM^CMt^c©©cor^gcr^^©©©© ©coco©©^Hr*«©r^©5o©CM^HTt-CM©©CM.-i^ ©" ©" cm" ©" t>." cm" ©" «-T ©" © *— < CO CM *h CM *-< CO )^©QOO . © CO © ^ > CM CM CO c3 E S3 Scca-cSe^; W c3 c3 tow ' cO Bo « O 8 8 ©3 f S <^G < * sl'ijl’Sig iff •iilssisgias ” L SI d I o £ JRVI :y O] aS 22 no 7,112 EDUCATION, 1 95 s <0 4-56 8*8*3831 1,861 78 337 Men 3 36, 396 36,373 17,646 1,325 12 4, 554 15 2, 509 5, 401 3, 785 45 § \ef s s 8ESSSlSI«SSg Men 2 23 57,981 2, 776 676 11,580 934 4, 658 18,519 15,882 2, 228 728 39,991 SSlSIgllRgss r:»rfH>‘NWH tC et Total 2 ii ft 110,159 5, 434 1, 101 23, 679 1,429 10, 153 36, 093 27,859 3, 032 1,379 o rf SSISSSsgSSlR oo to ei t-T id © to -h io Students of noncollege grade . Terminal occupation Women 2 SS -T-T s © r- ; 54 442 19 2 I a 3^ 8 Men - 11 «T«0 2 eo is 27 3, 368 75 8 s fs i 2^228 i CO i 8 i Total 12 4,574 sa ; 81 3, 810 94 2 f-4 © ^ 1 i Adult education Women 18, 709 18, 709 9, 904 69 95 545 233 7,804 1, 157 1 1 s | 50 209 70 20 1,698 73 a i; 1 960 ‘I Men CO 24,476 24,476 11,333 298 78 1,669 858s (dei 9,046 i i ig* « i' 2 Total 43, 185 43, 185 g a 367 173 2,214 620 14 235 3, 544 84 g « l ! 56 275 2, 049 20 3,480 101 § ii 3 N Students of college grade Women - 395,277 393, 849 142,474 5, 234 1,195 27, 927 1,123 9. 977 60 220 32. 588 2, 536 1,674 s CD 1BI886SS8S88 ooWgoocmm Men « 51 ft. S sa 17, 176 2,118 64, 877 3, 636 32.600 141 680 87, 136 6. 173 2, 255 204,855 *3 O fH w Is u 500, 125 22,410 3,313 92, 804 4. 759 42, 577 201,900 119, 724 8, 709 3, 929 O •4* 87, 323 31, 522 19, 354 7, 510 27, 324 18, 372 38, 728 7,404 439 60, 856 2, 790 19, 392 Region and State - Aggregate United States . . . _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ _ _ _ Connecticut _ Maine _ _ Massachusetts _ _ _ New Hampshire _ _ _ _ _ New Jersey. _ _ New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ _ Rhode Island _ _ _ v erwunt _ _ _ North Central Illinois . . .. Indiana .. ill Ohio _ South Dakota _ i 28, m HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS AND DEGREES 123 ©cs i ^3 ^ c5 CO ^ T © ©* ©* V c^f ©* co* ©* oo* © ©* c^* ©* © ©^©©©^^©©cooooo©co^^H )(N^©©©©©C0C0C0^©00^^O . S00'^ *CSC^Tt<00©»-HOOOO r- © 00 © c CO © © © I © ©* r-* cs CO © CO 00 © 00 © © r>- © NhC1CJQCN(N00©CJN©^H(N00N r^©r^«-»©£i© »-h © © ) Tt< © © ^ < > <50o2Sfc!ZOp£?t « Bo tf b TO _ — W »» M C3 S tf T £ £ e« £ fa P C9 S d Oj ^GOPhE-i 473261 0—58 10 Data are included in col. 2, and as appropriate in col. 3 or 4. Table 5. — Resident undergraduate and graduate enrollments by level , region , and State: November 1955 A. All Institutions 124 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Graduate (enrolled beyond the bachelor’s or lst-pro- fessional degree) Women W 73, 767 73, 169 C* P»* W 1,871 13 2, 754 59 2,041 16, 744 3,504 123 20 16, 973 ioV « w w « 9i W 5, 330 74 11,904 cn 12, 328 64,721 16, 575 231 41 § s' aaasesiesiiss of-H- gf N Total QC sS M 160, 163 7,397 150 16, 656 339 17, 769 91,863 25, 185 574 230 145,143 8SS388SSSI8! Full-time Women ■* a* N <30 WfC S3 143,388 6,945 2,609 25, 726 2, 379 8, 566 60,067 31, 150 3,202 2, 744 s s 30, 161 15, 948 12,880 10, 965 26, 182 16,268 15, 070 6, 386 2, 788 29, 789 2, 963 15, 871 ■ s c 00 US e* 3S N W I -T- 3 to S w 16,682 5, 333 50,341 5,863 20, 916 107, 604 77, 285 7, 421 4,209 366, 117 62, 489 37,689 23, 964 21,200 51,400 27, 464 30, 859 12, 647 5,721 58, 111 6, 448 28, 125 Total «9 1, 867,947 1,851, 604 439, 042 23, 627 7, 942 76, 067 8,242 29, 482 167, 671 108, 435 10, 623 6, 953 551,388 92,650 53, 637 36, 844 32, 165 77,582 43, 732 45, 929 19, 033 8,509 87,900 9,411 43, 996 Women 826, 187 815, 878 3 e* w 2 9, 012 2, 685 30, 478 2,625 14, 007 87,209 39, 760 3, 545 2,933 244,477 sslliSSSSsiSi. g 2 “ 1 1,584,054 1,571, 353 406,951 22, 012 5, 407 62, 245 5, 956 33, 244 172, 325 93,860 7,652 4, 250 1 i 87, 710 42,641 25, 217 23, 375 66, 131 28, 330 40, 443 14, 368 5, 879 80, 408 6, 605 30, 947 Total - 3 3 I N W o* 0O W esT w 2 w 8 US 31,024 8,092 92, 723 8,581 47, 251 259, 534 133, 620 11, 197 7, 183 696,531 SiSlssiSlISi §'8'S'g'S'$S'Sf”'S2'S' Region and State 1 1 J 1 I | Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ _ Northeast _ Connecticut . ... _ _ _ Maine _ _ _ ... _ Massachusetts.. . . . . . .. _ New Hampshire _ . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . New York . . . .... . _ _ Pennsylvania Rhode Island _ _ _ _ . Vermont . . . . . . . . North Central _ _ _ Illinois _ _ _ _ _ Indiana _ _ _ _ Iowa . . . . . . Kansas _ _ _ Michigan Minnesota... _ _ _ Missouri . . . . .. . _ Nebraska _ _ _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 125 1 s“ §SI52IllsSSSlIslS - -h ~*co* of i tf 5SSB8a153i5 oo- ~ 1 ® : :88 i 09 ifgfgsliiSlislllSi rH- -fof ofrf .0 1 s' g81li$llslS gf N of — * of s I - 1 in i 3 ggliililgg§lSSSii rf NhhnV NM«‘mhh 00 i 5 llslissislg w'oci —* co -f of s 5 s i isg s s' 2lS§l|ll||§Kg|lSi (Nei«N»V«N no-nV S 3 !illiSli§Ss -s'-' 1 &S§gS CO £ iSe§§SS3«iS§38SSS rn ^*Vofco*cf ~~«o efofof~*tf I S' iSISl-SlllS ~2§- 1 of of CO s' llsiSlsSilSilBIIl CO*-* (oVotdjH^NV lOgTOCO*-* I s S9335SSS6SS efgfco ~*w*^*.o‘~‘ § so* i^SIs «o 1 2" gglsgisissgggSlil o.aVHHVNr:(»N#NNV««« i f IliglilllSl *<*15* 00* of of -.-fCtdj-H- i so* |S^S| TO-f S i slglggllSSigggSII 22-SS£S2 = 35S2SR'22 = 3 00 1 ilSISlSSSis 00* « «* *o to ^* uj* jo‘»* of of 00* 2 2 S»"S? tf of r» i SISslIslIlllslill a'2»SS'S'SSSiSS?S‘i?S‘8'S2' s S' ssgslISIsia a‘g'8w-'^‘?i'2'S5'oS i 00* 1 2 Igsss -fro* s S illlliSSslHIIslS 2 £ SlllSSiSSIs to of oof oo* ofofaoeoi-f 1 2 S5S|§ of of 8 S' IllllllsSSISlisIs a = -S828S'2Sg=:'SgsS2 1 - £ lESSSisi 551 OjHOOiOiO*ihVn jo sc* of § 00* 2 2 s!$fi of of 1 £ Hil!ISllIS§SiSil S32”S5S3SS'S'S3a?f'SSS 3 IISslBIsggS s-|8-«rf„-=^a-g-v i 00 2 © rf Ills! tf<* £ 3 & jiS i# sis I X w m 03 £> I! s 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 5. — Resident undergraduate and graduate enrollments by level , region, and State: November 1955 — Continued B. Publicly Controlled Institutions Graduate (enrolled beyond the bachelor’s or Ist-pro- fessional degree) Women 13 "if © I ©© cs cs 6,906 648 13 224 34 981 4,673 276 44 13 1 2, 378 1,970 557 498 3,002 529 281 234 61 1,291 46 535 Men 1 1 l ^ i 83, 804 83, 184 9,683 1, 382 87 456 154 1,371 4,909 1,172 109 43 ao I • 1 ao 5 ©U5©t^©©^©CO©^f© asasssgsssstis CO Tf Cl rH 00 cf CO cT I Total 11 ill es c* 1 W N I 1 © ©©©OOCICIOOCO© rOOOOOOiCGO^USiC d~ ei © *-T 43, 280 6,264 6, 365 2, 783 2.135 11,651 3, 415 1.135 963 374 4, 980 220 2,995 Undergraduate and lst-professional S a * Women 10 110, 530 106, 874 S3 us CO 816 13 90 34 1,588 13, 059 805 48 70 ao c* us © 4, 877 2,509 504 1,341 7, 853 946 1,190 981 204 4,743 123 1,257 1 c 1 -• | « S 1 1 169, 643 167, 397 CO © «r es -^^r^usco^oco© dd©^©"*©©"** 00 1—1 co ^ d d oT d 37, 270 6, 772 2,939 241 1, 869 10, 409 645 1,775 1,401 150 9,654 45 1,370 Total 8 C* 1 ss II I © w © 1,640 34 197 79 3,981 42,503 1,074 111 110 63, 798 11,649 5,448 745 3, 210 18, 262 1,591 2,965 2, 382 354 14, 397 168 2,627 Full-time 1 | US C* iS\ 53, 480 4,185 1,477 4,991 1,493 3, 502 26,001 9,595 1,040 1,196 107,381 -t^^US^OOCO CO 00 CO t-T© 00 CO -^d CO i-h © Cl 1-H Men © 713, 353 704, 679 74,038 6,407 3, 268 5,826 2, 494 3,159 31,215 17, 955 1,733 1,981 us © I 30, 412 18, 585 14, 139 18, 025 37, 168 18, 179 15, 101 8, 817 5, 498 33, 542 5, 263 18, 336 Total US 1, 067, 875 1, 053, 967 ao 3 10, 592 4, 745 10, 817 3,987 6, 661 57, 216 27, 550 2, 773 3,177 © "if •"f 1 ® 1 « 1 es 43, 904 27,311 20,668 25, 665 57, 379 26, 925 21,806 12,918 8, 087 49, 971 7,158 28, 654 1 — © ® S3 70,003 5,001 1,490 5,081 1,527 5, 090 39,060 10, 400 1,088 1,266 606 ‘m ©usco^H"£diooicociaous 8888838855:0 5 go i-T rC oo oo~ o> us ci cf i-T ^ ^ C 1 Cl 1-1 s « -*f © © © oo ao 107, 344 7,231 3,289 5,933 2,539 5, 552 60, 659 18, 224 1,796 2,021 260, 335 TfTf©rfr^^©aooo©oo© aocioo©r^cir^^Tfa>©© *-Huscooousooaoci©i-'Cot^ ^ V aT oo ©" © us co us oT Total 1 N ao SS 28 1 es *s J s 12, 232 4,779 11,014 4,066 10, 642 99,719 28, 624 2,884 3,287 Is "If © 1 es 55, 553 32, 759 21,413 28, 875 75, 641 28, 516 24, 771 15, 300 8, 441 64, 368 7, 326 31,281 Region and State 1 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ Connecticut _ _ Maine _ _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ _ _ New York _ _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ Vermont _ _ North Central _ Illinois _ _ _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas _ Michigan _ _ Minnesota _ Missouri _ _ __ __ Nebraska _ _ _ . _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ South Dakota _ _ Wisconsin _ 109,846 I 60,552 1 35,753 I 24,799 I 31,231 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 127 • co^oiooioicoiot^ .o*oo>cocor^i-»r^d> »c.»0»0^OON»05O05«C*D I-H of HHN cfcf f4» »-H .‘C^!N‘0C'^‘0(Nt^^ 'XOCCOCOOO»OCO i co oj co ^ o> «-• 04 04 !HNOf I <0 ^o>^»o-‘ON05*HiCN«oh. 00*0 *Co6x05««»OOfHOC V'VCCO) *-fcdof co of cfcoi-T )X»hC1WN^XiO^! 1883882388! 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Privately Controlled Institutions 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 to 55 «» = 8 s "8 B B to B 2 "8 C ■8 B o Ifi to 2 H Graduate (enrolled beyond the bachelor's or lst-pro- fessional degree) Women P5 « « « « ss « w 2 1,223 2, 530 25 1,060 12, 071 3, 228 79 7 05 30 05 Tf* QO ^ CO NhN 05 csT 947 208 Men 93, 661 93,661 09 r** *0 2,395 8,565 219 4,908 30,014 11,500 317 26 13, 136 ^ 00 00 i 05 00 ^ 00 US Zh § *0 05 io »-h 1 i-T 2,488 459 Total <£ S r» p» r»V gg QO SS 3, 618 11,095 244 5,968 42,085 14, 728 396 33 r* N 8,643 1,340 470 5 698 401 2,918 150 US CO eo s Undergraduate and lst-professional Part-time Women 2 92, 138 91,715 « * a « 1,251 63 4, 662 212 3, 853 14,083 7,805 295 119 « r* CD w w 11,485 1,843 1,696 699 2, 101 943 3,878 819 9 6, 849 425 1,931 Men 169, 994 169, 641 78,091 4,506 53 11,797 48 9,935 35, 277 16, 306 168 1 48, 667 18, 449 2,013 1,012 306 4, 322 221 7, 809 320 8 12, 643 112 1,452 Total ae *4 « s s w w 110, 434 5, 757 116 16, 459 260 13, 788 49, 360 24,111 463 120 US a ae 29,934 3, 856 2, 708 1,005 6, 423 1, 164 11,687 1, 139 17 19, 492 537 3, 383 Full-time Women 11 s 09 s 2, 760 1,132 20,735 886 5,064 34,066 21,555 2, 162 1,548 A ae 16, 669 7,222 6, 351 3,325 5, 971 7, 522 8,365 2,285 199 13, 360 1,068 5,553 Men 531, 066 529, 636 2 CO £ 10, 275 2,065 44,515 3,369 17, 757 76, 389 59, 330 5,688 2, 228 2 » 32, 077 19, 104 9, 825 3,175 14, 232 9, 285 15, 758 3,830 223 24, 569 1,185 9, 789 Total ! £5 i o «e 1 oV e a ae s « 13, 035 3, 197 65,250 4,255 22, 821 110, 455 80, 885 7,850 3, 776 w o' w 48, 746 26, 326 16, 176 6,500 20,203 16, 807 24, 123 6,115 422 37,929 2,253 15, 342 Women 1 1 - 1 361, 144 359,716 16 w 2* 4,011 1,195 25, 397 1,098 8,917 48, 149 29, 360 2, 457 1,667 ae s o' 28,154 9,065 8,047 4,024 8,072 8, 465 12,243 3, 104 208 20, 209 1,493 7,484 c i n 701, 060 699,277 r- o r» o% ?*> 14, 781 2,118 56, 312 3,417 27,692 111,666 75,636 5, 856 2,229 o m 50, 526 21,117 10, 837 3, 481 18, 554 9,506 23, 567 4,150 231 37, 212 1,297 11,241 Total w ! o ** 09 ae ssl s 09 «<* 18, 792 3.313 81, 709 4,515 36, 609 159,815 104,996 8.313 3, 896 $ N O e* 78,680 30, 182 18, 884 7, 505 26, 626 17, 971 35, 810 7,254 439 57, 421 2, 790 18, 725 Region and State 1 1 1 1 1 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ Connecticut _ _ Massachusetts _ _ _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ _ _ New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ _ _ Vermont _ _ _ North Central _ . _ Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri _ Nebraska - - _ _ _ North Dakota Ohio _ South Dakota Wisconsin _ 414 i 119,614 , 74,800 52,063 , 32,017 . 20,046 . 17,853 , 12,319 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 129 gssgissssRsgsssijg N* rf : 85 ibsississsss-i - *-*-‘o* 2Sgs8 !B8BS : - *-* V jl JO *3888 -CM* :sisS ! cmwco* 81888888888888888 tsTcm* dffl©®CNffm«ogVNH ills! SS1SBSS8S8SS353SS B t-*co* w -* ©* o>* of V cm t-* © ®* -* eo* co- to ®* ISliti SS1S cotCoT SSl§§llillsssSI!l - - CO* CO .O - - CM* oT CO* to' tC - CO* CM* tC S1S11 •o' CO* ills !Ss§lii§§SS5fSsS§I ufef m«VoihmwV^-‘®®wn S8S8S sf-"- 11512 : l2si§iilS§ISs§Sll 5 oT CO* ®*M*OJ*M*W*tO*CO*0*-*«*-*-*>0*^* eg SS11S iSSU r^Tod’-H'^H" i t^oo^ il§ErS|||| ■c -5 s % % .5 ■ s=iiiiii .! H I«|JR •oSSSzzoSisrJ S •S'S 2g“S illll WOfer- Table 6. — Extension , correspondence , short-course , aruf individual-lesson enrollments in November 1955 , and college-grade enrollment in summer session(s) of 1955 , 6y region and State A. All Institutions 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Summer session (s) 1955 Women 2 546, 810 537,661 2 o» £ 4. 841 1,612 12, 430 1,203 6, 266 48,011 23, 538 917 1,098 165, 046 g's's's'g's'tf^s-'s Men 3 2S II 2 1 5, 725 738 24, 167 60S 9, 545 68, 290 34, 718 720 902 172,561 S8S8S8I8S388 ec ® of iC co n V co -T of n oc 3* 31 Women ss I 8 255 447 6 2 1,113 430 ! ° 8 glllSggsSHg ph ~ ~ *3 G 1 Men - S ss f 2 850 233 i 50 4,601 llggsgissgas ph ~ Short courses Women 2 18,067 17,907 !§ 1 ~ 245 41 29 7,301 iliis igss Of | 1 PH- PH- Men 3 m ss i 80 68 817 3, 648 355 3, 566 489 2 14,310 1,970 37 1,448 1,202 4, 907 43 15 2,947 186 1, 555 Correspondence £ S tt 4 1 § £ Women 19,485 19,485 1 ill Is s S!*S8SiS83*§8 US PH* H* Men O 2£J A A 1 «r ^ | ! ill :** i & a© 50,619 50,577 1,007 g i ; ;S 3 s' ISSssRSSSSSSR us- )Ocue- Table 6. — Extension , correspondence , short-course , and individual-lesson enrollments in November 1955 , ami college-grade enrollment in summer session(s) of 1955 , by region and State — Continued 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 9,281 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 133 §§3IsSI=IssI1;Sr1 co'uo SSSSSglSSSl rftcV rf efeo 8 §£§§! Vof gllSlSISlglSellSl o>«5- CO'«f 00 05 ®0> NMOgVe iSHSlilill ^-jcrC ~ ofweow'-f eoesT SS’ **31 fc8 Sis s§ of ■^aas®a *81 §s$s? 82 *S **1* §§$ 3 *18* IS* *8* m Isg^sgs ssses^sssai -T of ISIS 818888* ISIs-S^lSI* of - of 2S& S£S as£a 2 Si SIS -o 1 ! i ! §? 1 i § 1 * Women CO ! coco [ coco 1 : :':1 u 5 i * • 04 • CO 591 1,008 70 884 III II 76 66 62 :o CO Men J io 8, 860 8, 860 Is 1 • 04 2,276 269 1,815 1,059 1,116 672 34 93 38 00 . 1 ! T5 1 i 1 ° i 1 Women 1 1 »0 fcO | o>o* 1 i of of 1 o*o*l 1 1 1 o* 60 152 3, 268 188 344 2,866 4,463 713 34 5,957 1 O CO 40 04 CO ^ 40 1— 00OCD^C004^C0 1 ZO 1-H l>» »-H CO CO 748 228 148 1 1" 16, 931 16, 931 1 of 2 2 1, 247 372 3, 821 6, 447 537 13 III 1 ^ I 00 04 h CO 04 04 CO I38S 1" 225 14 109 Total 1 i i i 39. 196 39, 136 24, 529 62 154 4,515 188 716 6,687 10, 910 1,250 47 II IIS II* 1! 3,318 442 1,936 152 138 886 361 32 co 04 1 m | 04 04 04 «9SC *1 li ==> Wg — E a - MB MB MO ◄ W 2,e . J t/3 OI Q. h>. :^!2 o ' OH- O O c3 Ph •-» c C eg fl'g §,3,2 « ® §.c cm ^ C"S s S3 os ■~V& cS O C3 « J*Q fls £8 -- 2 M S ^ ^ ►*. .-< O G C/4 P»< wr, salSssi&loSii HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 135 iilUlsIlllSssSli! !!S ! ”1111 » ON 22g§ -C'cs giSSISII8I!lss!ll|il ! 5§5IS *»N^Wh* i g‘ 1 use N SiSS 2g522S3:s2§2?:3g2g23 ~i2- 2S SS®- : :SS : £8 s8 SWS2 1 I 2|| SgSS 2 So 'S S?5 82S| 8s ?5$2 2 I «T I SI8* - ! 88ggSa|RJg§S||i - SSSMggassijg 'S8a 10 i2 2J §3888388183= i'5 Table 7. — Enrollment in summer session(s ) (including fourth quarter ), by region and State: 1955 A. All Institutions 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Summer session No. 3 Women « r* r* n « sss 4,548 3 1,658 166 265 2,306 Its 1 ^ 2, 318 404 251 151 18 23 239 697 358 179 146 i 1 c 9 2 00 QO QO QO W W OS r* CD ao o 3,960 38 1,158 3, 513 6, 409 3, 561 511 57 59 6 435 818 681 5 276 s s 717 939 45 Total WW CD CD OC 3D r* s 5,618 204 1,423 5,819 11, 193 5, 879 915 308 210 24 23 674 1,515 1,039 184 422 s s 6 SIS Summer session No. 2 Women S 108, 407 107, 889 s 2,397 451 2, 839 6,931 34, 697 S3235838”8ga usVefci'ei'eO'ei-f V »-f 43, 107 2,825 2,397 45 1,573 4,365 838 Men • ae n ss gg s us ** 00 5,305 1,458 5, 273 9,504 II s ** 1 ** 4, 429 7, 131 2,352 960 2,605 5, 221 3,383 802 26 5,948 641 860 s s 3,246 2,155 88 2,345 2,854 956 Total 30 5S US'# ss s s 7,702 1,909 8, 112 16, 435 US US 1 O 1 as I CD 9,740 12, 123 4, 546 3, 394 5, 152 8,924 7,538 2, 740 58 10, 751 2, 017 2, 072 i i 6,071 4,552 133 3, 918 7,219 1,794 Summer session No. 1 Women SIS US 3D* O* SS s CD W CD 3, 506 1,559 5, 760 1,033 4, 636 33, 452 10, 835 804 1,020 98, 208 iiislissilgg V to 50 to us » t-^ us of of © i i 4, 812 3,641 659 5,305 6, 875 6,707 Men cd 370, 741 364, 309 i us 3D 3,798 657 10, 874 503 6,501 46, 343 15, 807 660 849 90, 331 IlsSSillllSI to t-T to iO fC CO r* r-f tC 5 S' 5, 464 3,473 648 8, 616 4,986 5, 782 Total us o R8 OS'# Is 30 1 ^ 7,304 2,216 16, 634 1,536 11,137 79, 795 26, 642 1,464 1,869 188, 539 31, 576 14, 408 13, 711 10, 903 30, 953 15, 440 15, 195 8, 280 3,018 23, 521 4,472 17, 062 227,414 10,276 7,114 1,307 13, 921 11,861 12,489 Fourth quarter Women - 24, 949 24, 949 «a US § •COINS 6, 116 1,145 451 220 782 73 79 838 100 377 2, 051 I s' 1,400 245 15 9 17 Men « 44, 944 44, 944 « u 280 537 173 15, 069 3,585 2,602 88 943 431 15 1,372 32 116 5, 144 IS • U- 18,982 3, 789 115 27 1,914 1 500 Total 69, 893 69, 893 ! s I 30 a u: !88i i 1 ^ |g|lgl*ISlS j tFco of t"' i ^ • t>. 31, 366 5, 189 360 42 1,923 517 Region and State i Aggregate United States _ _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ z c z z \ jj \i Massachusetts. . . . - i>cw nampdiiiic - New Jersey. . . - . New York . . . . - ... Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. rviiuut; isiaiiu _ Vermont _ .. - - - . North Central _ Illinois _ . - - - Indiana _ _ _ _ _ _ ... Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas... . . . . . . . Michigan _ _ _ Minnesota _ _ ... - Missouri _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ iNortn uakota _ Ohio _ _ ooutn uaKota _ _ _ _ Wisconsin _ South _ *<5 i i j | \ Dnawaie - - Florida _ Georgia - - - Kentucky _ _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 137 8*SI co *! CO ei IS! -SlS|S2g|| issg=iiiiii «o to t-' oo co oo' os" o SSSSiEsSlSS MOONO- 05 TjT ss ssss -Tid sail ISIS II i * s'pjfslg i III lip ii!i|IS8l , 1 = I s £ ! « i' „ P ‘0 i 1 35 » i i 16Z O* © CO 1 © I » 854 280 8 ■ CO • r- • CO 962 184 326 8, 371 is • CO 843 1, 462 161 Summer session No. 2 Women O 64, 769 64, 517 3, 608 CO a 3, 487 17,019 556 4,402 364 952 1,226 3,663 618 1,533 © 05 © f-H c4^ *-T 1 O IS I w 2, 029 2,189 45 808 3,000 588 Men © r- us © ^ QO © 00 o c5 CO E e* S 453 6, 749 1, 584 835 2, 452 5,071 365 714 3,887 546 86 42, 654 2, 473 1,873 88 659 2, 228 552 Total 00 O © SX |5 s w qcT cs CO c5 Z0I 7,864 ! S *** s 1,009 11,151 1,948 1,787 3, 678 8, 734 983 2, 247 6,414 1,705 105 * r 4,502 4,062 133 1,467 5, 228 1,140 Summer session No. 1 Women - © CO W © © eO O 0% W ^ © © w 2,036 1, 166 729 491 1,535 12, 372 2,370 497 474 |i s 7, 334 2,731 2,883 4, 313 11,275 6, 427 4, 292 3,898 1,617 4,809 2,057 7,214 li s' 3, 368 3, 244 396 2, 715 4, 149 3, 757 Men 1 © 00 — Ok ® ^ us 9% P5 W N M ao © « ft 1,885 551 748 496 1,204 14, 682 3, 153 625 354 II © o r» 1 us i © 9, 478 5,507 5,022 4,404 13, 658 6, 278 4,830 2, 633 1,330 5, 525 1,461 5,583 86, 141 3,928 3,033 472 5, 059 3,589 4, 259 Total © 435, 141 422, 651 45, 368 3,921 1,717 1,477 987 2, 739 27, 054 5,523 1, 122 828 1 © us us il II w 16, 812 8, 238 7,905 8, 717 24, 933 12, 705 9, 122 6, 531 2,947 10, 334 3, 518 12, 797 Il •>* s us © 7, 296 6,277 868 7, 774 7,738 8, 016 Fourth quarter Women - 14,830 14, 830 II eo a II CO f *SS 16 CO INN 1 1 00 1 CO © > • 1 1 1 7, 266 © j ! ! Men « 2828 1 r» r» «S S 6, 141 1 ! CM GO a : :sl i i 05 i © i—i i i 00 1 1— • C* • 1 1 ■ I 1 1 1 00 8 eo 3, 331 1,867 296 Total w 1 GO GO 1 r* o»V ' eo eo 1 9,684 00 • 1 © o CO ' i us O* • 1 ^ CO I i r 1 1 1 t - co © i ■ (N . 05 © • II CO 1 ^ 00 1 ' 3 n 4,441 1 00 AS P I -Sc I « 2 i si I Sc c i M© ! 3 S 03 -O c s — ^ i " o-h § ® c« S3 ^ 5? ® o £.c fe CO ~ a.S Q 2 gc: •-H S> & Qj O Ocnl> c £-0 So C8 bS T" (-C u ® © 2 <;QfeO HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 139 14 1, 165 3 ill i ! 1 -* 31 3,353 948 S§38 ;g i 8 8 « i !^r ! 1 46 2,886 842 |8 | 49 2,046 s ils ! i § -ig ©r-T 229 327 112 87 358 8S 454 1,594 12, 740 934 2,062 1 s 1,503 6,377 3, 178 312 260 100 187 58 1,230 455 1 is Is -HCO iisss eogj-H- Of t£ 1,913 106 10, 126 7 5, 297 31,661 12, 654 35 495 Of Of 1 50 1 ** 7,230 2, 461 1,703 332 1,985 756 2,808 600 24 5,972 247 504 II 00 !! co 8 1,536 440 176 3,557 1,397 1,523 Total i tO at CO CO Vw CO CO n Of CO © 3,383 499 15, 157 549 8, 398 52, 741 21,119 342 1,041 63, 980 14, 764 6, 170 5, 806 2,186 6,020 2, 735 6, 073 1,749 71 13, 187 954 4,265 II S 2,980 837 439 6,147 4,123 4, 473 Fourth quarter Women j 10,119 10, 119 14 to § 62 123 171 CO r- 1/9 rf 1,054 451 220 228 69 79 100 N CO 1 ao to 290 245 to Men 90 CO CO at at ©*©* 1,311 e* CO 280 537 173 1 00 ! S 1 00*“ 3, 438 2, 602 88 41 65 15 883 32 CO N O r>- I to 458 115 27 47 204 Total 1 to to S 90 © © CO CO 1 ZZ9 342 660 344 s 4, 492 3, 053 308 269 134 94 883 132 to 8 s 11,012 38 h* CO 42 54 221 Region and State 1 Aggregate United States . _ _ Continental United States _ _ Northeast _ ! > u 11 M assachusetts . . . . . . . . Npw Hamnshirp j. jj i i i a New York _ _ _ . _ Pennsylvania . . . . Rhnde Island Vermont _ _ _ _ _ North Central. Illinois - - - - - Indiana _ Iowa _ . - Kansas - - . Michigan... . . . . . . . Minnesota _ _ _ Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska _ ... ... .. _ Ohio _ _ _ South Dakota Wisconsin _ . _ _ _ South . . _ c: E oc X d < Arkansas _ Delaware Florida _ Oenrpia Kentucky _ ... HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 141 8 j ;s ; 117 23 580 145 1 91 590 2 146 109 ! I I i § i is 58 112 1,141 617 1 ss°° 3 177 79 ! I 1 ! i 1,003 is : 175 135 1,721 762 1 - 22S 5 323 188 i ! 1 ! 484 127 857 938 114 1,191 790 3, 927 455 446 164 8 «T 2, 908 37 87 i"II 2 i S§is5SIS!5S ~~ in 5,815 4,969 137 41 119 425 124 I j iSISSSlsSgS i 7, 877 174 128 ins s 1 | iiisiisgiis e^H^-cC > at end of table. 146 £ - 1954-55 BIENls 4„ S- ® ci r tsc OT3 |W 5 Women £► F SURVEY 0 1 K K 2 | ” " i 1* EDI JCAT ION, ©o > 1 L 95 W 14—56 CD iO CO CM 00 t>- CO '00 > CO i-4 CM CO COiH | CM it* Men ao 4, 188 4, 185 318 00 cm S ! g tj CO 2,334 327 342 244 63 405 205 75 56 4 255 358 Total r* o r* co »o us u* N 3 S3 - 139 157 3 2,546 CO^t^iCCMCOCMO^^CO • 8 jS 2d-level degrees (mas¬ ter’s, except 1st- professional) 2 Women ce 10,875 10, 864 e? r* COOWNOOOOOh r* 2 eo 366 483 147 148 895 172 107 85 11 356 17 240 Men CO ao ^ a© ** CO 3 3 w -- i r-H . W oo w 291 417 284 77 433 230 77 50 8 266 349 2d -level degrees (mas¬ ter’s, except 1st- professional) 2 Women 1 r» 1 11,351 11,206 CO CM CO WNOtHNWiOOtO oeooOi-iOg^JCM h* cm w" t^T-Hcoto^ior^i-jtocD^co lOCCOOOOOOOOOHOOCCOO CO 1/5 r-H r-H 00 CM 1-H CO H Men 1 M s s ® GO 3 3 3 w 215 111 298 61 238 854 397 49 31 CO CM oo arT 1,107 1,269 579 554 2,031 648 338 250 151 1,073 154 672 Total i » i w o 8 M o r ao CO t^003JCMtOt^CMC5O CCHTf CO 00 3 ot 1,464 1,800 765 739 2,885 853 445 331 166 1, 459 188 855 Bachelor’s and lst-pro- fessional degrees 1 Women i ! ! 2 S I S’ s 00 U- CM CM CO ^ CO i-T i-T hoV fHCMCMCOCMCO^r^O^CCr^CM OCOI^^XXIOCO^COQN 05N05NNOC5HOCOCM *0 t* CM* CO cT Tf<* CO* CM* 1-H* 00* 1-H* V I Region and State Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ Connecticut _ Maine _ _ M assachuset ts _ _ _ • New Hampshire _ New Jersev _ _ New York. _ Pennsylvania _ .. Rhode Island _ Vermont _ North Central _ Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa... _ _ Kansas _ ... Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri _ Nebraska _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ . South Dakota _ _ Wisconsin _ 4 716 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 147 ^ CO • CO ' *o ^ Cl ' - I ** - CO O ^ 05 C ^ TJ- ‘ - U- O iO ^ ^ ’ 00 05 OC t ( ^ O »“< CO ^ 1C ^ CO 40 i-H ssssss ^hcDOJN»COCJOOCOON^N-' tfCWXX^WXX'HC0^*-‘CWO5 i-« ^ 1-H CO CS 05 — ^ CO^COiOOC^C^^OiO^ CO g CS >CCC5^05»*-HOC0CC00?005t^Q0 :05*C05C^t^t^05 — C^ — C O'. X c I TT ^ CO *- o O ^ CO *c CO .^^.^^OCOOOiCQO - - C'l ^ ^ “ H 05 NNCJXCO^NOCMNCOCOTf ^ C0WM'^NTfCCNNNCXC'-05 lO^rnNINC^CST-OO^iO^^^ NC^-tC^CXN^CM OX050'«ChWNn5n »ChXhh CO *C 1C rH X^CC^OiC^CCOOt^QO^CCCCC^^COC^ ^w»ccc:‘cc'3cf0-^i<'-^cc505 00 05 ^05*^S -<6c2 Ill= ill I § IS g “s S S M SzzoSSIs s at end of table. 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 *» Q *» C/D c e e .0 Sc ee Cm d 1954-55 4. Women I s 454 454 299 52 o*co»oeo^H I** 65 45 4 O CO : j fe.® ® r OT3 -Sw o G Men QO | © © ** n et || *« <30 <30 ^ ee* ee rf 193 ! _ CO s 163 1,106 358 34 2 1 ** SO as co CO 76 62 j Total o © i| s gg s ** 213 638 165 1,282 403 37 3 634 O to CO s 00 CO to 2d-level degrees (mas¬ ter’s, except 1st- professional) 2 g 6 £ © 8, 589 8, 589 4, 901 209 818 150 2,920 723 16 65 £ Son »-h CO ^ ^ ^ 229 Men -*< e* M 6$ || 00 « » ^ 439 2,248 55 596 4, 709 2, 024 48 63 W 3 ** Q O 00 *-h co OCOiON f-H CO 412 00 Total ee ee ee a a * to *e »e e* II — 648 3, 066 55 746 7, 629 2,747 64 128 4,077 2, 008 331 72 150 41 632 50 s »» » OVER < *** 151 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 equivalent to the number of entering freshmen; an exact count, however, would exclude from this group those enter¬ ing freshmen who are transfers from other institutions of higher education, or who are reentering college after a previous withdrawal. DO NOT INCLUDE as first-time students the graduates from junior colleges or other insti¬ tutions who enter your institution. Similarly, DO NOT INCLUDE as first-time students in the fall semester (or fall quarter) those students who entered in the preceding summer session. No. 6. A TERMINAL-OCCUPATIONAL program is one extending not beyond the 14th or 15th grade, designed to prepare directly for an occupation, and not intended as preparation for advanced study. No. 7. A "SHORT COURSE" is one which lasts consid¬ erably less than the regular semester, term, quarter, or ses¬ sion in which it is given, but offers instruction on at least 4 separate days. Ordinarily, such a course is without refer¬ ence to, or credit toward, a degree. A short course is typi¬ cally either (a) an abbreviation of a more usual or standard course in the subject, (6) a brief review of a broad area of practical knowledge, (c) a refresher course, or (d) an inten¬ sive study of a narrow segment of a subject (often at the postgraduate professional level). Instruction in a short course, as here defined, is conducted face-to-face — not by mail, radio, or television. EXAMPLES: A 5-day course on the operation of farm machinery; a 3 weeks’ course (meeting 3 hours each week) on recent advances in abdom¬ inal surgery; etc. Classification of Particular Groups (a) Part-time students. Please do NOT count all part- time students as special students — in surveys by the Office of Education, the two terms are not synonymous (see defi¬ nition No. 3 above) . Classify part-time students on the same primary basis as full-time: i. e., as resident students of college grade (undergraduate or graduate), or as part of the enrollment in adult education, in terminal-occupational education, in extension, etc. ( b ) Extension students (exclusive of correspondence students, item ( c ) below) . Count an extension student as a “student of college grade” if he is taking one or more courses creditable toward a bachelor’s or higher degree. If an extension student takes both degree and nondegree work, it is desirable to count him once as part of the college- grade enrollment in extension, and once as part of the non- collegiate enrollment in extension, since there is interest in the number of students in each of these categories. NOTE. — Short-course students, even if organization¬ ally within the extension division of a college or uni¬ versity, are to be classified ( in reports to the Office of Education) only as “short-course” students, and not as “extension” students. See paragraph (e) below. ( c ) Correspondence students. “Correspondence stu¬ dents” include students taking courses by mail, by radio, or by TV. The courses may be regular-length or more lim¬ ited. Count a correspondence student as a “student of college grade” if he is taking one or more courses creditable toward a bachelor’s or higher degree. If a correspondence student takes both degree and nondegree work, it is desir¬ able to count him once as part of the college grade enroll¬ ment in correspondence, and once as part of the noncolle- giate enrollment in correspondence, since there is interest in the number of students in each of these categories. In reports to the Office of Education, classify corre¬ spondence students solely in the “correspondence” cate¬ gory (subdivided into college-grade and noncollegiate ) ; do not classify correspondence students as part of the enrollment in adult education, or in extension, or in short courses (in each of these categories, instruction is face-to-face, rather than by correspondence). (d) Students enrolled for individual lessons only (as in music, art, speech, etc. ) . Classify such students in a cate¬ gory by themselves. In reports to the Office of Education, no distinction is to be made, in this category, between stu¬ dents of college grade and noncollegiate students. ( e ) Short-course students (see definition No. 7 above). Classify all short-course students in a category by themselves. In reports to the Office of Education, no distinction is to be made, in this category, between students of college grade and noncollegiate students. For purposes of reporting to the Office of Education, please classify short -course students solely in the “short- course” category. Do NOT classify such students as part of the enrollment in adult education, nor as part of the enrollment in extension. (/) Auditors. No count is requested of those students who are attending only as auditors. Do NOT count such students (in reports to the Office of Education) as part of either the college-grade or noncollegiate enrollment. »nci 10— 72078-1 PS-8-59 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1958 O -473261 United States PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID Government Printing Office payment of postage, $300 DIVISION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS (GPO) Washington 25, D. C. OFFICIAL BUSINESS If you do not desire to continue to receive this type of publication, please check here □ ; tear off this label and return it to the above address. Your name will then be removed promptly from the appropriate mailing list. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1954-56 Statistics 0F Higher Education 1955-56 Receipts Expenditures and Property Chapter 4 SECTION II U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE • Office of Education Highlights Receipts In 1955-56 the total current income of all higher education was more than $3.6 billion. Contributions of the Federal Government came to more than $500 million. About TO percent of these contributions were for research work. Gifts, bequests, and grants from philanthropically minded individuals and organizations totaled more than $608 million. Expenditures Current expenses of higher education amounted to 1.1 per¬ cent of the total National income in 1955-56; this is the highest proportion to date. Funds available for loan to students totaled $58 million; the more than 1,000 institutions reporting these funds en¬ rolled nearly nine-tenths of the student body of the Nation. Six of every seven students in the Nation were enrolled in institutions offering scholarships, fellowships, or other forms of student aid not involving repayment to the institution. Nearly $100 million was available for this purpose; more than $96 million was actually awarded. Property The total of all endowment funds was a fraction over $3.7 billion. Four large institutions had more than $100 million each and these institutions had 19.6 percent of the National total. More than 760 had no endowment. Of these 105 were private liberal arts colleges. The total of all assets devoted to higher education came to more than $13 billion. Eleven percent of this total was held by five large institutions. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 Statistics 01 Higher Education : 1955-56 Receipts, Expenditures, and Property Henry G. Badger planned the report, supervised preparation of the national tables, and wrote the text. Mabel C. Rice supervised collection of the data, verification of returns, and preparation of the basic State tables. Justin C. Lewis, Head , Higher Education Statistics Unit , and Emery M. Foster, Chief , Research Studies and Survey e Section , had general direction of the study. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education, Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1955-56: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56 Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56 Chapter 3. Statistics of Local School Systems: 1955-56 Section I. Cities. Section II. Suburban Cities. Section III. County Units. Section IV. Rural Counties. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education, 1955-56 Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property. Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56 Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1959 For gale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price 65 cents Foreword IN COMPLIANCE with congressional action of 1867, the Bureau (now Office) of Education has collected and pub¬ lished data on the finances of higher education since 1869-70. The reports were on an annual basis until 1915-16; since 1917-18 they have been biennial. The present report, the 20th in the biennial series, is the 67th in the entire series. A summary of much of the data in the present report was made available in Office of Education Circular No. 571, and before its publication, photo copies of certain basic tables were made available to serve special needs for data at the earliest possible time. Among items of information included for the first time in this biennial series are those on (1) institutions collecting fees from students for debt retirement or building purposes, (2) median rates of tuition and fees per full-time student, and (3) numbers of institutions reporting certain finance items. In response to the growing interest in, and importance of, the finances of institutions of higher education, the Office of Educa¬ tion has extended its financial statistics program in two respects: (1) The questionnaire used in collecting financial data has been strengthened by the addition of significant items and a more adequate definition of terms; and (2) the examination of the responses to the questionnaire has been made more thorough and institutions have been contacted, when necessary, to obtain greater accuracy and uniformity in their reporting. As a result, the financial statistics of higher education, as reported in this series, have become both more complete and more valid. The Office of Education wishes to thank the many persons over the Nation whose cooperation made this study possible: the treasurers, comptrollers, business officers, and other officials of institutions of higher education who supplied the basic data for this report. Roy M. Hall, Assistant Commissioner for Research. Herbert S. Conrad, Director , Educational Statistics Branch. m Contents Text Pag. Foreword _ hi Introduction _ 1 General Trends _ 4 Higher education as a whole _ 4 Historical background _ 5 The 1955-56 situation _ 8 Growth of large institutions _ 8 Institutions attended predominantly by Negro students- _ 12 Institutions in outlying parts of the United States _ 15 Income (Receipts) _ 15 Income from the Federal Government _ 16 Private gifts and grants _ 17 Current Income. _ 22 Educational and general income _ 22 Per capita income _ 22 Percentage analysis of current income _ 27 Student fees _ 37 Public sources _ 39 Endowment earnings _ 41 Contributed service _ _ _ 43 Related activities _ 44 Other educational income _ 44 Total educational and general income _ 45 Chronological shifts _ 45 Internal sources _ 45 Philanthropy _ 45 Public sources _ 46 Auxiliary enterprises income _ 46 Student-aid income _ 50 Plant-fund receipts _ 50 Loans to plant funds _ 54 Receipts for endowment and other nonexpendable funds. _ 57 Expenditures _ 58 Current expenditures _ 58 Current expenditures and personal income _ 58 Percentage analysis of current expenditures _ 59 General administration and general expense. _ _ 61 Instruction and departmental research _ 61 Libraries _ 62 v Contents Text P8g, Foreword _ in Introduction _ 1 General Trends _ 4 Higher education as a whole _ 4 Historical background _ 5 The 1955-56 situation _ 8 Growth of large institutions _ 8 Institutions attended predominantly by Negro students- _ 12 Institutions in outlying parts of the United States _ 15 Income (Receipts) _ 15 Income from the Federal Government _ 16 Private gifts and grants _ 17 Current Income. _ 22 Educational and general income _ 22 Per capita income _ 22 Percentage analysis of current income _ 27 Student fees _ 37 Public sources _ 39 Endowment earnings _ 41 Contributed service _ _ _ 43 Related activities _ 44 Other educational income _ 44 Total educational and general income. _ 45 Chronological shifts _ 45 Internal sources _ 45 Philanthropy _ 45 Public sources _ 46 Auxiliary enterprises income _ 46 Student-aid income _ 50 Plant-fund receipts _ 50 Loans to plant funds _ 54 Receipts for endowment and other nonexpendable funds. _ 57 Expenditures _ 58 Current expenditures _ 58 Current expenditures and personal income _ 58 Percentage analysis of current expenditures _ 59 General administration and general expense. _ _ 61 Instruction and departmental research _ 61 Libraries _ 62 v VI CONTENTS Text — Continued Expenditures — Continued Page Plant operation and maintenance _ 62 Related activities _ _ _ 62 Total educational and general expenses, except research and extension _ 63 Organized research _ 63 Extension and public services, __ _ 64 Educational and general expenditures _ 65 Auxiliary enterprises expenditures _ 74 Institutional payroll in relation to current expenditures. _ 75 Student-aid expenditures _ 76 Total current expenditures _ 77 Expenditures for plant expansion _ 77 Property _ 80 Plant and unexpended plant funds _ 80 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds _ 82 Endowment funds per student _ 84 Student loan funds _ 87 Collection of the Data _ 90 Appendix — Form RSS-041 (56) _ 172 Text Tables I. Number of institutions, by type, control, region, and State: 1955-56 _ 2 II. Historical summary, higher education finance statistics: 1919-20 to 1955-56 _ 6 III. Income, expenditures, and property, by type and control of institution : 1955-56 _ 10 IV. Finances, institutions attended predominantly by Negroes: 1955-56 _ 13 V. Income from Federal Government, by type and control of institution and by fund : 1955-56 _ 18 VI. Private gifts and grants to higher education, per capita of total population: 1955-56 _ 19 VII. Private gifts and grants, by type and control of institution and by purpose and source of gift: 1955-56 _ 20 VIII. Educational and general income from public sources, per capita of total population, institutions of higher education except U.S. service academies, by region and State: 1955-56 _ 24 IX. Private gifts and grants for current purposes, per capita of total population and per resident college- CONTENTS vn Text Tables — Continued Page grade student, institutions of higher education except U.S. service academies, by control of institution, purpose of gift, region, and State: 1955-56 _ 26 X. Percentage analysis, current income, by type of institution and by source of income: 1955-56 A. All institutions _ 29 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 32 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 34 XI. Institutions collecting fees from students for plant expansion or debt retirement: 1953-54 and 1955- 56 _ 38 XII. Median annual tuition and fees per full-time student, by control and type of institution: 1955-56 _ 39 XIII. Educational and general income from public sources: 1951-52, 1953-54, and 1955-56 _ 40 XIV. Federal grants for research, by type and control of institution: 1955-56 _ 41 XV. Estimated value of contributed service, by control and type of institution: 1931-32 to 1955-56 _ 43 XVI. Income for educational and general purposes, by source: 1925-26, 1935-36, 1945-46, and 1955-56. 47 XVII. Auxiliary enterprise fund operations, by purpose: 1955-56 _ 49 XVIII. Student aid fund operations, by type and control of institution: 1955-56 _ 52 XIX. Plant fund receipts, institutions of higher education, aggregate United States, by source: 1939-40, 1949-50, 1953-54 and 1955-56 _ 54 XX. Loans to plant funds, by type and control of insti¬ tution and by type of loan: 1955-56 - 55 XXI. Receipts for endowment and other nonexpendable funds: 1955-56 _ 57 XXII. Percent of personal income devoted to higher educa¬ tion, by region and State: 1955-56 _ 60 XXIII. Percentage analysis, current expenditures, by type of institution and by function: 1955-56 A. All institutions _ 66 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 68 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 71 XXIV. Educational and general expenditures, institutions of higher education, 1955-56, per resident college- grade student, November 1955 _ 75 VIII CONTENTS Text Tables — Continued Page XXV. Institutional payroll in relation to total expenditures for educational and general purposes and auxiliary enterprises: 1955-56 _ 76 XXVI. Expenditures for plant expansion, by control and type of institution : 1955-56 _ 77 XXVII. Current funds expended for plant additions in rela¬ tion to total plant additions and to total plant value at end of year, by control and type of insti¬ tution: 1955-56 _ 79 XXVIII. Plant additions per student, institutions of higher education, by type and control: 1955-56 _ 80 XXIX. Value of physical plant, by control and type of institution: 1956 _ 81 XXX. Value of physical plant per student, by control and type of institution and by predominant race of student: 1956 _ 82 XXXI. Endowment and other nonexpendable funds, by control and type of institution, by class of fund, and by predominant race of student: 1956 _ 84 XXXII. Endowment funds per student, by control and type of institution and by predominant race of student: 1956 _ 86 XXXIII. Student loan funds, by type and control of institu¬ tion: 1955-56 _ 88 State Tables 1. Current-fund income of institutions of higher education, by source, region, and State: 1955-56 A. All institutions _ 92 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 94 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 96 D. Universities _ 98 E. Liberal-arts colleges _ 100 F. Teachers colleges _ 102 G. Junior colleges _ 104 2. Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by purpose, region, and State: 1955-56 A. All institutions _ 106 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 108 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 110 D. Universities _ 112 E. Liberal-arts colleges _ _ 114 F. Teachers colleges _ 116 G. Junior colleges _ 118 CONTENTS IX State Tables — Continued Page 3. Plant fund receipts of institutions of higher education, by source, region, and State: 1955-56 A. All institutions _ 120 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 122 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 124 D. Universities _ 126 E. Liberal-arts colleges _ 128 F. Teachers colleges _ 130 G. Junior colleges _ 132 4. Statement of net investment in physical plant of institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1955 56 A. All institutions _ 134 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 136 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 138 D. Universities _ 140 E. Liberal-arts colleges _ _ 142 F. Teachers colleges _ 144 G. Junior colleges _ 146 5. Reduction of plant indebtedness, unexpended plant-fund balances, and plant-fund liabilities of institution of higher education, by region and State: 1955-56 A. All institutions _ 148 B. Universities _ 150 C. Liberal-arts colleges _ _ 152 D. Teachers colleges _ 154 E. Junior colleges _ 156 6. Statement of endowment, student loan, and annuity funds, by region and State: 1955-56 A. All institutions _ 158 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 160 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 162 D. Universities _ 164 E. Liberal-arts colleges _ 166 F. Teachers colleges _ 168 G. Junior colleges _ 170 Figures 1. Percentage analysis of educational and general income, institutions of higher education, by control and source: 1925-26, 1935-36, 1945-46, and 1955-56 _ 48 2. Plant additions per student, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by type and control: 1955-56 _ 91 Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1955-56 1 Introduction In the academic year 1955-56 there were 1,858 institutions of higher education in the United States, including both continental United States and its outlying parts (table I).2 Some of these institutions were small colleges or professional schools of relatively simple organiza¬ tion; others were large, complex universities operating branch institu¬ tions at sites far removed from the site of the parent institution. The count of institutions used here is identical with that in the companion report on “Faculty, students, and degrees” (sec. I of ch. 4). In con¬ sequence, comparisons may be made, group by group, between data on faculty, students, and degrees appearing in section I and data on finances appearing in the present section II. During the 2-year period, new money received for expansion of the physical plant (buildings, grounds, equipment) increased nearly 50 percent, and gifts for increase of endowment and other nonexpendable funds, 85 percent. Expenditures for current purposes in 1955-56 were 21 percent higher than in 1953-54, those for the strictly educational and general purposes increasing at a slightly higher rate than those for auxiliary enterprises and those for student aid. The total value of the physical plant of all institutions of higher education in 1956 was nearly 18 percent more than that reported 2 years earlier. The total value of endowment and other nonexpendable funds increased nearly 16 percent during the same period. These increases cluster more or less around the increase of 20 percent in the enrollment of degree-credit students from November 1953 to November 1955, as shown in section I of this chapter. » The verification of original returns, and preparation of the basic tables for this study were the immediate responsibility of George Lind and Dorothy B. Gray. Acknowledgment is also made to Theodore E. Thompson, Mary R. Cox, Ada Boehly, and Lillian Robinson, who supervised the machine tabulation of data. * Throughout this compilation, tables having Roman numerals are nationwide summaries, or derivative tables, and will be found at various places in the text. Tables having Arabic numerals are State summaries, and will be found in serial order following the textual discussion. 1 Table 1. — Number of institutions , by type , control , region , and State: 1955—56 Junior colleges* Privately wj controlled hh NNI m AL SUR w to fl lH CM CM VE 5 Y OF EDUCATIO HOT N, 1954-19, r^incsj^OrH 56 CO csj CO 102 "ef CSI CSJ OO Publicly controlled 14 292 290 22 co in 103 ^csjco^?-cocr>r^^r^r CO CSI 80 in Other professional schools Privately controlled to H 110 110 CO CO csi-hoo CSJ O CSJ CO IIs inHH CO csi 18 Publicly controlled 12 10 10 CO CSJ r **> Theolog¬ ical schools, privately controlled 11 124 124 in CO CSJ CO rroinrH 45 m*— *csjcsjr^coini-H csj 24 Technological schools Privately controlled 10 22 22 ox CSJ »“< CO — • r csj co tO Publicly controlled O 22 22 CO •-HCM *-H CSJ i r i i Teachers colleges Privately controlled 00 24 24 a> co r CO r-H CO CM Publicly controlled 00 00 CO CO tH tH 55 *3* O CSJ CO • *3* ^ CO ^■csj»-< CM csi — • — . co Total, all insti¬ tutions CM 1, 858 1, 850 450 oor^^-oooo^-co^^j- CSJr-tr^ 554 ooo-*3-«=fcsj—«csicsj— «mco o^rin'=j-in^j-incsir-Hco»-- North Centra! . . , Illinois . . Indiana _ _ Kansas _ Michigan . . . . .1 Minnesota Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska _ North Dakota, _ _ Ohio _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ South _ Alabama , Arkansas Delaware _ Florida _ HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 3 4 BIENNIAL STJttVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 General Trends Higher education finance participated in the general upward move¬ ment in economic conditions which prevailed throughout the United States during the period covered by this review. In virtually every phase of activity measured by the data here summarized, reports for 1955-56 show increases over corresponding reports for 1953-54 (table II). Thus, total current income increased by 22 percent, and private gifts and grants for current purposes (included in this total) went up by more than 28 percent. Contributions from the Federal Government for veterans’ tuition and fees sustained a proportional decrease : from over $44 million in 1953-54 to less than $16 million in 1955-56. This decrease, resulting from the almost complete discontinuance of the World War II veterans’ education program, was the only decrease noted in the major figures on income. It was not sufficient in mag¬ nitude to prevent an increase of well over 17 percent in contributions of the Federal Government for all current purposes. Private donations to the various forms of higher education activity, as reported for 1955-56, totaled more than $608 million. This figure includes gifts and grants of more than $245 million for current educa¬ tional and general purposes, more than $143 million for plant expan¬ sion, and more than $197 million for increase of permanent or quasi- permanent funds. The total of more than $608 million is the equiva¬ lent of $3.63 for every man, woman, and child in the civilian population as estimated for July 1, 1955, for continental United States plus such of its outlying parts as maintained higher education facilities (Alaska, Canal Zone, Guam, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico). It is 40 percent more than the $2.59 per capita calculated for 1953-54 for the same area. Higher Education as a Whole In 1956 the total permanent and semipermanent investment of the United States in buildings, grounds, equipment, and funds for higher education amounted to $13,322,288,500, not including working bal¬ ances of current funds nor agency funds held by the institutions in a fiduciary capacity as an accommodation to students or faculty mem¬ bers. This large figure was the equivalent of a little more than $5,005 for each of the 2,661,473 resident students of college grade registered in November 1955, regardless of the portion of the time for which the student was registered. Of the total, $8,901,825,224, or $3,345 per student, was in the form of plant assets: land, buildings, improve¬ ments other than buildings, furniture, scientific equipment, and li¬ brary books and supplies. Funds set aside, but not yet spent for plant expansion, amounted to $583,234,408 ($219 per student). En- HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 5 dowment funds totaled $3,703,473,077 or $1,392 per student. Student loan funds amounting to $58,480,925 (almost $22 per student) and funds held subject to annuity agreements (not pension funds) amount¬ ing to $75,274,866 (a little over $28 per student) complete the inven¬ tory of assets. The per-student figures here given apply only to the grand total of higher education. Although practically all institutions have some plant assets, not all have funds of all the three types listed here. For example, it is estimated that 764, or 41 percent, of the 1,858 institu¬ tions (enrolling 25 percent of the resident students of college grade in November 1955) had no endowment funds of any type in 1955-56. The endowment of the remaining 1,094 endowed institutions was $1,854 per student enrolled. The current budget for the 1,858 institutions in 1955-56 came to just over $3.5 billion, as compared to a budget of $2.9 billion for 1953-54. Historical background. — Higher education finance and business management are often spoken of as a new science. It is true that some financial records have been made and kept since the earliest days of American higher education. It is also true that the annual report of the Commissioner of Education for 1869-70 (the first report of this Office, which was not primarily narrative in form) carried some data on the income of institutions of higher education. Up to about the end of World War I, however, the literature of higher education finance was rather limited in amount, exploratory in type, and sketchy in scope. Financial reports were apparently pub¬ lished by only a small proportion of the institutions in existence, and these reports exhibited great variety in both form and content. For this reason, although limited data are available for the years before 1919-20, the present summaries start with that date (table II). The total current income of all institutions of higher education sup¬ plying reports for that year were just under $200 million, of which a little less than $175 million was available for what are now described as educational and general purposes. Of this latter amount, a shade more than 24 percent came from tuition and fees paid by students and about 43 percent from public sources (Federal, State, and local gov¬ ernments), with endowment earnings at 15 percent and private gifts and grants for immediate use at 4 percent. The remaining 14 percent came from miscellaneous sources (sales of by-products of instructional departments, library fines, and similar items). Charges for boarding and rooming facilities, gate receipts at athletic contests, and other receipts not of a directly educational nature are not included in this analysis, but are to be included in any analysis of the $200 million total current income already referred to. Table II. — Historical summary , higher education finance statistics: 1919-20 to 1955-56 [Amounts in thousands of dollars] EXPENDITURES HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 7 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 At the end of 1919-20 the total permanent investment in higher education for the Nation, as reported to the Bureau (now Office) of Education, was $1,316,404,245. Of this amount $747,332,964, or 56.8 percent, was invested in physical plant and equipment, and $569,071,- 281 (43.2 percent) was held in the form of endowment and other non¬ expendable funds. These data should not be related to student en¬ rollment in even as general a way as is done in this compilation for the 1955-56 figures. There are at least two reasons for this caution: (1) The percentage of response to financial inquiries in 1919-20 was much lower than that to inquiries on faculty and student matters — far lower than the percentage of either for 1955-56, and (2) the ratio of degree-credit students to total enrollment in 1919-20 was probably somewhat different from that obtaining in 1955-56. The first nationwide summary and analysis of expenditures of all higher institutions in the United States covered the fiscal year 1929-30. At that time, expenditures for all purposes totaled a little over $507 million, of which nearly $378 million was for educational and general purposes. These moneys were spent as follows: general administra¬ tion, 11 percent; instruction (including incidental or nonbudgeted re¬ search), 59 percent; extension and public services, 7 percent; libraries, a little over 2 percent; operation and maintenance of the physical plant and equipment, 16 percent; and organized research (separately budg¬ eted), 5 percent. Expenditures for the organized activities related to the various instructional departments were not separately reported for that year; data at hand do not show whether they were included among other items or ignored altogether. In addition to the expenditures for educational and general purposes, something over $129 million was expended principally for auxiliary enterprises (residence and dining halls, athletic programs, and the like). The 1955-56 Situation . — The total investment of more than $13 billion for higher education in 1956, already referred to, was a little more than 10 times that reported for 1920. The 1956 figure is the equivalent of a little more than $79 for each person in the 1955 civilian population of continental United States, plus those outlying parts which maintained higher educational facilities. About 55 percent of this investment and nearly 60 percent of the current budget of higher education was administered by the 141 universities, of which 81 were under public control and 60 were private¬ ly controlled (table III). Growth of Large Institutions Section I of chapter 4 referred to the growth of large institutions of higher education. It showed that the average enrollment per insti- HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 9 tution of resident students of college grade rose from 610 in the fall of 1945 to 1,432 in the fall of 1955.3 Other data not quoted here in detail indicate that this increase in student-body size per institution has been occurring continuously, if not regularly or evenly, for many years. This great increase in student body, both for the Nation at large and per institution, has been accompanied by no less of an increase in the institutions’ physical holdings. Data on the total investment in buildings, grounds, equipment, and permanent or quasi-permanent funds of higher education, comparable in form to present-da}7 data, were not assembled for the years before 1890. Even data for that year were somewhat tentative, but they indicate that the total invest¬ ment in higher education was less than $250,000 per institution. By the end of the fiscal year 1956 this average was more than $7 million per institution. Not only did the average financial strength of institutions experience a great increase, but the previously noted concentration of strength in a relatively small group of institutions reporting physical plant (buildings, grounds, improvements other than buildings, equipment, but not including unexpended plant funds), amounting to $25 million per institution, rose from 32 in 1950 to 45 in 1952, to 54 in 1954, and to 58 in 1956. The top 37 of this group (2 percent of all institutions) reported the value of plant as $2,745,331,218, or 30.8 percent of the nationwide total of $8,901,825,224. Thus, as first reported in 1952, it was still true in 1956 that 2 percent of the institutions in the Nation had more than 30 percent of the plant and equipment. Further analysis of the data for 1956 shows that then, as in 1954, the largest 19 institutions (1 percent of the total number) held 21.1 percent of the total plant and equipment. Of these 19 institutions, 14 were publicly controlled; of the 5 under private control, 1 received some State or Federal funds. A similar count of institutions with the largest amounts of endow¬ ment funds (including funds functioning as endowment but not student loan funds or funds subject to annuity agreements) shows that 18 (not quite 1 percent of the total number) had 44.3 percent of the national total. The list includes 4 institutions under public control and 14 under the control of churches or other philanthropic or private organizations. The four publicly controlled institutions are located in States lying wholly or partly west of the Mississippi River. Of the 14 under private control, 12 are located east of that river; 5 of these are located east of the Hudson River. * U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1951-56, chapter 1, section I, Statistics of higher Education: 1956-56 Faculty, Students and Degrees ), by Henry Q. Badger, M. Clemens Johnson, and Mabel C. Rice, p. 19. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1958. Table III. — Income , expenditures , and property , by type and control of institution: 1955-56 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Because of rounding, detail may not add to total] 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 Junior colleges 1 Privately controlled 15 CO CM INCOME S S' 36, 068 24, 234 339 165 45 401 746 1,432 7, 636 157 913 21,112 486 10, 610 i I0S 18* ‘fr Publicly controlled 14 CM CT> CM $128, 415 112, 279 12, 553 359 41 779 39. 945 55. 946 419 142 1,207 889 15,922 215 a 8 13 5,976 9, 776 1,814 269 Independently organized professional schools Other schools Privately controlled 13 O § i 56,255 24, 501 671 1,745 246 2, 735 62 2,035 8,481 15, 161 618 5,659 475 a u» j 1,845 667 Publicly controlled 12 o $40, 115 37, 941 1 assigns CM *-T CMrC CM 1,981 194 10, 877 . 10.Z08 - S Theo¬ logical schools all privately controlled 11 § $35, 809 25,619 6, 307 53 9 5 1 4, 569 13,812 79 784 9,014 1, 176 13, 944 6, 577 365 Technological schools Privately controlled 10 CM CM $139, 110 125, 873 25, 133 778 17 68, 992 658 7 13, 299 9, 766 3,572 3,652 11,093 2,145 16, 733 486 180 6 9,218 2, 147 Publicly controlled 9 CM CM $82, 199 58, 515 5, 326 156 1,731 34, 076 15,451 149 177 228 1,001 220 12, 776 10, 908 s CO 1,528 3,219 60 81 826 Teachers colleges Privately controlled 8 CM $8, 673 £ o 3,109 81 80 11 4 . 399 2,139 443 291 1,987 129 s § “ Publicly controlled 7 OO CO $200, 154 146,491 25, 504 382 57 310 112, 968 3,905 125 387 1,579 1,273 52, 792 871 77, 419 41 38,967 14 558 1,648 Liberal arts colleges Privately controlled 6 o CO $546, 251 357, 236 216,757 2, 591 4,287 1,320 1,057 274 39, 966 74, 945 7, 643 8,396 177,675 11,340 i i 2,231 960 52 65,982 6,470 Publicly controlled 5 CM OO $176, 120 136, 588 1 isasIIisIS 38. 209 1,323 64, 327 1,971 33, 787 3,195 1,007 1,399 Universities Privately controlled 4 o CO s & 624, 628 s ssSasclIss S' “-'S“Ri-'S§aS! 110,089 13,211 117, 126 gg 44, 783 7, 162 Publicly controlled 3 OO s § a 1,157,710 3 3§g&§§g§53||2S 300, 711 3,217 127, 733 4, 192 6,477 19, 001 Total 2 8 OO $3, 628, 773 2, 881, 759 725, 926 15,637 72,616 355, 576 50, 056 891,600 106, 899 145, 040 245, 539 192, 406 80, 464 693, 975 53, 039 1 tf 13,267 222,751 17,295 143, 177 40, 584 E Number of institutions . Current Income.. _ Educational and general . . Student fees _ _ Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees. Land-erant institutions.... Research . . Other purposes . State governments . . Local governments... . Endowment earnings . . . Private gifts and grants . Related activities _ Other educational and general _ Auxiliary enterprises . . Student-aid income . Receipts for plant expan- Federal Government . State governments . Local governments . . Private gifts and grants. . . . . Other sources, except loans and transfers . . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 1 1 1 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school, a Includes funds functioning as endowment. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 When all noncurrent assets are considered, it appears that no fewer than 45 institutions had assets of these types amounting to $50 million or more per institution. This group of institutions includes 24 under public control (1 a purely Federal institution) and 21 under private control. The total of the assets of the entire group of 45 institutions came to $4,965,370,192; it comprised 37.4 percent of the total of $13,282,288,500 held by all institutions in the Nation. Further analysis of the data, not reproduced here, shows that 24.2 percent of all permanent or quasi-permanent assets of higher education was held by 1 percent of the institutions. Even more striking is the fact, mentioned in the 1952 and 1954 editions of this chapter and still true, that approximately 10 percent is held by four institutions, of which two are publicly and two privately controlled. Institutions Attended Predominantly by Negro Students Higher educational institutions attended predominantly or entirely by Negroes have been a part of the national scene for many years. In 1899-1900 there were 99 institutions of this description, of which number 58 had students of college grade and 41 had subcollegiate students only. The total investment of these 99 institutions in physical property was $7,930,949; it constituted 3.1 percent of that held by all institutions of higher education at the time. The endow¬ ment of the 99 institutions totaled $2,771,109, or 1.4 percent of the national total for that year. Since 1899-1900 the number of institutions of this description has fluctuated somewhat; it reached 137 in 1910, but has stood around 100 to 110 most of the time since that date. In 1955-56 there were 98 institutions of this description (table IV). They constituted 5.3 percent of the total of 1,850 institutions in continental United States, but held only 2.8 percent of the total amount of physical property and permanent funds devoted to higher education. Their physical property (exclusive of moneys set aside but not yet spent for plant expansion) amounted to more than $277 million and constituted 3.1 percent of the total for the Nation. Their endowment funds, totaling nearly $75 million, constituted a shade over 2 percent of the nationwide total of $3.7 billion. Their operating budget ran just over 2.25 percent of the National total. The data appearing in table IV are obviously susceptible of many different analyses, either among themselves as shown in column 4 of the table itself, or with data from other tables. One type of analysis not presented here in tabular form is that of comparing institutions attended predominantly or entirely by Negroes (col, 3 of the table) HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 13 Table IV. — Finances , institutions attended predominantly by Negroes :1955-56 All higher Institutions for the higher education of Negroes Item education i Number or amount Percent of all higher education i l 2 3 4 1, 850 2, 637, 245 98 5. 30 2.73 71, 882 INCOME $3, 603, 370, 462 $81, 356, 271 2. 26 Educational and general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 859, 268, 500 59, 793, 158 2. 09 Student fees . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ 722,214, 529 15, 579. 373 69, 965. 583 354.447,911 49, 807, 760 878, 348, 941 106, 857, 103 145. 000. 387 245. 084, 560 191,829,452 80, 132, 901 13, 904, 529 247, 385 457, 260 468, 209 3,219. 679 28,053,313 564, 084 3, 254, 788 6, 137, 974 2, 686. 392 799, 545 1.93 Federal Government for— Veterans' tuition and fees... . - .. . . .. 1.59 Land-grant institutions _ .65 Research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .13 Other purposes _ _ _ _ ... 6. 46 State governments _ _ - 3. 19 Local governments . . . . . . . .53 Endowment earnings _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2. 24 Private gifts and grants. . . . . . . 2. 50 Related activities”.. . . . . . . 1.40 Other sources . . . . 1.00 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . . . . 691, 737, 592 52, 364, 370 20, 632, 606 930, 507 2. 98 Student aid income _ _ _ _ _ .. 1.78 Receipts for plant expansion (all sources') _ 821, 132, 783 18, 697, 058 2.28 Private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds _ 196, 546, 199 1, 747, 492 .89 Endowment funds * _ _ _ _ _ _ 185, 637, 456 1, 973, 494 8, 935, 249 1, 729, 287 18, 205 0 .93 Student loan funds _ _ .92 Annuity funds . . . . . EXPENDITURES Current expenditures ._ . _ 3, 499, 462, 667 79, 817, 462 2. 28 Educational and general . . . . . . .. 2, 766, 367, 294 58, 369, 539 2.11 Genera! administration and general expense _ _ 355, 206, 690 1, 140, 654, 553 137,914,396 85, 562, 729 324, 228,718 500, 793, 123 222, 007, 085 9, 643, 504 30, 489, 829 336, 775 2.71 Instruction and departmental research _ _ _ _ _ 2. 67 Extension and public services . . . . . . .24 Libraries _ _ _ ... . . . . 2, 347, 188 2. 74 Plant operation and maintenance _ _ 11, 193, 232 647, 998 3,711,013 3.45 Organized research... . . . . .13 Related activities. . . . . . . . . . . 1.67 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . . 637, 605, 737 95,489, 636 18, 930, 041 2,517,882 2. 97 Student-aid expenditures . . . . . . 2.64 Expenditures for plant expansion _ 680, 504, 529 19, 266, 718 2. 83 PROPERTY Property values at end of year _ _ 13, 236, 546, 356 375, 543, 409 2.84 Physical plant and plant funds . . . . . . . 9, 440, 780, 064 300, 364, 530 37l8 Physical plant. _ _ 8, 858, 906, 585 581,873, 479 277, 581,400 22, 783, 130 3. 13 Unexpended plant funds.. _ _ 3. 92 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds . . 3, 795, 766, 292 75, 178, 879 1.98 Endowment funds * _ _ _ _ 3, 662,139, 456 58, 351,970 75, 274, 866 74, 637, 060 514,210 2. 04 Student loan funds... _ _ _ .88 Annuity funds . ... . . . . 27, 609 .04 i Continental United States. * Including funds functioning as endowment. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 with those attended predominantly or exclusively by white persons (col. 2 minus col. 3) on the basis of resident students of college grade, as derived from table XI, section I of chapter 4, using continental United States as the unit for all institutions. These enrollment data (not reduced to a full-time equivalency basis) are: Total, 2,637,245; Negro, 71,882; white, 2,565,363. When these enrollment figures are divided into the finance figures in table IV of the present section II, certain comparisons become appar¬ ent. Thus, the total current income per resident student of college or higher grade was $1,132 in institutions attended predominantly or entirely by Negroes, but was $1,373 in those attended predominantly or exclusively by white persons. In similar fashion, tuition and fees per student were: Negro, $193; white, $276. State appropriations per student for current purposes ran $331 in the white institutions, and $390 in the so-called Negro institutions; and private gifts and grants for current expenses per student were: White, $94; Negro, $85. Federal contributions per student were: White, $189; Negro, $61, this difference being closely related to the difference in Federal contribu¬ tions for research (white, $138; Negro, $7). Endowment earnings per student ran $55 per resident student of college grade in white institutions, and $45 in institutions attended predominantly or entirely by Negroes. Per-student expenditures for administration, instruction, and libraries ran much the same in one group as in the other. This was also true of expenditures for scholarships, fellowships, and other forms of student aid. Wide differences, however, occurred in expenditures for extension and public services (white, $54; Negro, $5) and organized research (white, $195; and Negro, $9). Physical plant values per student were: White institutions, $3,345; Negro, $3,861. Endowment funds, however, were: White, $1,398; Negro, $1,038. The most probable explanation of these differences is not easily ascertainable from the data at hand. Although it is possible that race is or has been a factor, there are other possibilities: 1. Comparative size of student body may play a part. (Institutions attended predominantly or entirely by Negroes are as a rule smaller than those whose student body is predominantly or exclusively white.) 2. Regional differences in per capita income may be a factor. (Most of the institutions in this group are located in one section of the country.) 3. Sociological , political , or economic factors that cannot be isolated from the data at hand may also be involved. It should be kept in mind that the figures given here relate only to higher educational institutions which by law, custom, or tradition are attended predominantly by members of a single race. The data should not be considered as providing a measure of all facilities set aside for the higher education of one race — this because many insti- HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 15 tutions attended predominantly by members of one race regularly enroll students of other races. Institutions in Outlying Parts of the United States At least one institution of higher education now exists in each of the outlying parts of the United States with a population of 50,000 or more. In 1955-56 there were four higher education institutions in Puerto Rico and one each in Alaska,4 Hawaii, the Canal Zone, and Guam. The two last-named of these institutions were junior colleges. The 8 institutions had plant facilities valued at $42,918,639 and endowment and other nonexpendable funds amounting to $1,462,576. Their current expenditure budget for the year totaled $25,281,054. In the present chapter, as in that for 1953-54, data on the finances of these eight institutions are included in the various analytical tables occurring in the textual discussion. No separate study is made of the finances of these institutions as a group. Income ( Receipts ) Moneys collected at the business office of an institution of higher education are customarily classified into six groups, according to the use intended for those moneys. These groups, known technically as “funds,” are: (1) Current funds, (2) endowment and other nonex¬ pendable funds, (3) loan funds, (4) annuity funds, (5) plant funds, and (6) agency funds. Other funds of various types have been established at individual institutions as dictated by circumstance, but the fund groups listed here have been found sufficient for the majority of institutions. 1. Current funds are those which are available for the regular, day-to-day needs of an institution. The current-fund group is usually broken into three parts: Educational and general funds, auxiliary enterprises funds (formerly known as auxiliary enterprises and activities funds), and student-aid funds. Educational and general funds are those available for the regular or custom¬ ary activities of an institution which are part of, contributory to, and/or necessary to its instructional or research program. These include salaries and travel of faculty and administrative or other employees; purchase of supplies or materials for current use in classrooms, libraries, laboratories, or offices; and operation and maintenance of the educational plant. The auxiliary enterprises funds are available for student residence or dining halls, college bookstores, intercollegiate athletic programs, and other activities which are important to the program of an institution but not indispensable to that program; these activities are usually speculative or quasi-commercial in nature. 4 Alaska was not admitted as a State until after the end of the period covered in this review. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Student-aid funds are those funds having to do with the provision of scholar¬ ships, fellowships, prizes, and student financial aid of any type not involving employment by or repayment to the institution. Aid involving employment is accounted for under the function discharged by the student employed ; aid involving repayment to the institution comes under the heading of student loan funds. 2. Endowment and other nonexpendable funds are those funds the principal of which is to be invested and only the income of which is to be used for the current purposes of the institution. Endowment funds may be restricted (earnings usable only for a certain specified purpose or group of purposes), or they may be unrestricted (earnings usable for any legitimate activity of the institution). Under normal conditions, the principal of an endowment fund or group of endowment funds does not decrease from year to year. If, how¬ ever, funds are merely temporarily placed in the endowment fund, the right to withdraw them being reserved by the donor or the governing board of the institution concerned, they are known as “funds functioning as endowment” and are not subject to the principle of “once endowment, always endowment.” In the present chapter, funds functioning as endowment are treated as part of the endowment and other nonexpendable funds group. 3. Student-aid funds may be lent to students to help them defray their ex¬ penses while in school. In some instances, funds have been set up for loan to faculty members or other employees of an institution; these funds are not in¬ cluded in the present compilation. If the principal of a student loan fund is to be invested and only the interest is to be available for loan purposes, the fund is regarded as a restricted endowment fund and is not included in the student- aid fund group. 4. Annuity funds are those funds acquired subject to the condition that the recipient institution pay a stipulated sum of money annually or at other regular intervals to a designated beneficiary or beneficiaries, not necessarily the same person as the donor. These payments continue until the death of the beneficiary (the last beneficiary, if more than one), at which time the principal of the fund becomes the property of the institution. Since most annuity funds are eventually transferred to endowment, many institutions carry them as part of the endowment-fund group. Common practice, how¬ ever, is to carry them in a separate fund group. 5. Plant funds are funds which have been or are to be invested in buildings, grounds, furniture, scientific equipment, or other permanent physical property of the institution. Real estate held for direct educational or auxiliary use by the institution is thus part of the plant-fund group; real estate held for in¬ vestment purposes is carried as part of the endowment-fund group. 6. Agency funds are moneys left in the custody of the institution by in¬ dividuals or organizations, but not expendable by the institution except on written authority from the person or organization involved. Strictly speak¬ ing, they are funds on deposit with the institution; they are not the property of the institution. They are not included in the present review. Income From the Federal Government A total of more than half a billion dollars was contributed to higher education by the Federal Government in 1955-56, the exact figure being $507,152,812 (table V). Of this amount $13,267,280 (2.6 per- HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 17 cent) was for plant expansion, and $493,885,532 (97.4 percent) for current purposes. Tuition paid for military veterans amounted to a little more than $15.6 million (3.1 percent of the grand total). The regular land-grant-college appropriations came to 14.3 percent, and Federal grants or contractual amounts for research totaled 70.1 per¬ cent of this grand total. The remaining 9.9 percent went for other purposes, including Federal payments for maintenance of records on students under Public Law 550, tuition, and other costs paid by the Federal Government for training programs under the Department of Defense, and other miscellaneous items. The total Federal contribution of more than $507 million amounted to $3.03 for every person in the 1955 civilian population in continental United States plus the five outlying parts which maintained higher education facilities. For 1953-54 the corresponding total of not quite $428 million amounted to $2.65 per capita of total population. The 1955-56 total ($507 million) came to $190.55 per resident student of college grade registered in November 1955; this represents an increase of $21.72 (nearly 13 percent) over the corresponding average for 1953-54. Of the 1955-56 grand total, institutions under public control re¬ ceived 54.1 percent and those under private control 45.9 percent. Corresponding percentages in 1953-54 were: Public, 52.2 percent; private, 47.8 percent. Universities received 74 percent of the grand total in 1955-56; liberal-arts colleges received 3 percent. Separately organized teachers colleges reported 0.2 of 1 percent and technological schools 21.4 per¬ cent. Theological schools received less than 0.02 of 1 percent, their total amount of only a little more than $62,000 being almost entirely fees in connection with the instruction of former military personnel. Other professional schools (art, law, medicine, music, speech, etc.) all together received 1.1 percent of the total. The remaining 0.3 of 1 percent went to junior colleges and other non-degree-granting institu¬ tions of the undergraduate type. Private Gifts and Grants Voluntary contributions from philanthropically minded individuals and organizations to the various institutions of higher education came to a total of $608,371,835 in 1955-56 (table VI). This figure is almost exactly 20 percent larger than the total of Federal appropri¬ ations to higher education for the same year. The private gifts and grants total amounted to $3.63 for every person in the total estimated population of the Nation as at July 1, 1955. The corre¬ sponding average^for 1953-54 was $2.59. Table V. — Income from Federal Government , by'type and control of institution and by fund:1 1955-56 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-1956 i Not including student-aid income. * Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and other institutions offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of work immediately beyond high school. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 19 Of the grand total of $608 million 40.4 percent was for the regularly recurring educational and general purposes, and another 3.7 percent was for student aid (scholarships, fellowships, prizes, etc.). The remaining 55.9 percent was divided between gifts to increase the physical plant (23.5 percent) and those to increase the various per¬ manent or quasi-permanent funds (32.4 percent). Table VI. — Private gifts and grants to higher education , per capita of total population: 1955—56 Fund Total Amount per capita i Percent of total 1 2 3 4 Current: Educational and general . . . . . _ . _ . . $245. 539, 085 22, 507, 495 $1.47 .13 40.4 Student aid _ 3.7 Total current. 268, 046, 580 143,177, 029 186, 238, 728 1,974, 249 8, 935, 249 1.60 44. 1 Plant. ... _ _ _ _ _ _ .86 23.5 Endowment _ _ _ 1.11 30.6 Student loan _ _ _ _ _ _ .01 .3 Annuity _ . .05 1.5 Total - . . . 608, 371, 835 3. 63 100.0 i Based on total estimated population of 167,452,000 as of July 1, 1955. Gifts to privately controlled institutions ($521,545,120) exceeded those to publicly controlled institutions ($86,826,715) by practically 6 to 1 (table VII). Percentagewise, gifts to the privately controlled groups constituted 85.7 percent of the total gifts, in contrast to the 45.9 percent of total Federal funds received by these institutions. Universities received 49 percent of the total of all gifts, and liberal- arts colleges, 35.4 percent. Of this latter percent, 34.9 percent was reported by privately controlled colleges of liberal arts, and 0.5 of 1 percent by those under the control of governmental bodies (Federal, State, local). Teachers colleges reported 0.7 of 1 percent of the total of private gifts and grants, technological schools, 5.7 percent, and schools of theology, 4 percent. The miscellaneous group of “Other professional schools” reported 2.5 percent; the remaining 2.7 percent was reported by junior colleges and other nondegree institutions comparable to them in level of instruction. Churches contributed $34,972 ($29,303 for current purposes and $5,669 for plant expansion) to institutions under public control. This contribution, amounting to less than 0.006 of 1 percent of the grand total of over $608 million in private gifts and grants reflects mostly the maintenance of part-time lectureships in Bible or religion, part-time chaplaincies, or similar posts, at church expense, at these publicly controlled institutions. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 21 and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Current Income In 1955-56 the total current income of all institutions of higher education in the United States, including its outlying parts, was more than $3.6 billion (table II). The exact figure of $3,628,772,774 included $25,402,312 for the 8 institutions located in the outlying parts. The total for continental United States was $3,603,370,462, which exceeds the $2,945,550,446 reported for 1953-54 by 22.3 per¬ cent. It may be compared with the increase of 3.3 percent in per- capita income of continental United States, already referred to; also to the 20-percent increase in enrollment of degree-credit students during the same period. Of the 1955-56 grand total (including outlying parts), $2,030,946,819 (or 56.0 percent) was received by institutions under the control of National, State, or local governmental agencies; and $1,597,825,955 or 44.0 percent, by those under private control. In 1953-54 these percents were: Public, 55.7; private, 44.3. The 56 percent of total current income received by publicly con¬ trolled institutions may be compared with their faculty employment of 53.5 percent of the total, and with their resident college-grade student enrollment of 53.3 percent in November 1955, as shown on pages 28 and 46 of section I of chapter 4. Educational and General Income In 1955-56 the total educational and general income of all insti¬ tutions in the United States (including outlying parts) was $2,881,759,388. Of this amount, $2,859,268,500 was received by institutions in continental United States only. This latter amount includes $33,882,356 received by the U.S. service academies. There was thus a net educational and general income of $2,825,386,144 for the 1,845 non-Federal institutions in continental United States for 1955-56; this exceeded the corresponding total of $2,308,521,252 for these institutions for 1953-54 by 22.3 percent. Per Capita Income Some notion of the comparative ability of people in the various parts of the country to support higher education may be obtained by calculating per capita receipts, either all current receipts or certain of these receipts. In the selection of data for an inquiry of this nature, the measures to be used must be chosen somewhat arbitrarily, and the results will naturally depend to a large degree on the criteria HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 23 chosen. Thus, per capita may be measured in terms of total popula¬ tion, total student enrollment, or any other reasonably intelligible unit. Each criterion has its merits and its limitations. Perhaps the one great limitation of any study involving comparison of private philanthropy toward higher education on a geographic basis is the fact that higher education finance is not yer se a local activity; that, like faculty and students, gifts and grants to higher education insti¬ tutions often cross State or regional lines. Since this limitation does not apply to State and local government appropriations to higher education, it would appear that educational and general income for 1955-56 from these sources may be measured against total civilian population as estimated by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1, 1955, for each State or other jurisdiction which maintained higher education facilities (table VIII). Private gifts and grants for educational and general or other current purposes may be measured against this total civilian population, but with less confidence in the validity of the findings; and they may be measured against resident college-grade enrollments as of November 1955, with a little more confidence in the general result (table IX). Even these findings must be regarded as indicative and not final for two reasons: (1) The term “college-grade enrollments” has not been adjusted to a full-time equivalency basis, nor can it be so adjusted from the data at hand; and (2) many institutions engage in research or other activities of an educational, scientific, or cultural nature which are not measurable in terms of student enrollment. In 1955-56 the total contribution of all types of government (Federal, State, local) to institutions of higher education (except the U.S. Service Academies) amounted to $8.71 for each member of the civilian population of the United States, including the 48 States (as of 1956), the District of Columbia, and each of the outlying parts which maintained higher education facilities. For continental United States the figure was $8.77, which exceeds its 1953-54 counterpart of $7.68 by $1.09, or 14.2 percent. The 1955-56 total of $8.71 (entire United States) includes $2.75, or 31.6 percent, from the Federal Government, $5.32 (61.1 percent) from State governments, and 64 cents (7.3 percent) from local governmental authorities. If the outlying parts are omitted from the calculations and only continental United States considered, these figures become: Federal Government, $2.77 (31.6 percent); State governments, $5.35 (61.0 percent); and local governments, 65 cents (7.4 percent). In 1945-46, 10 years earlier than the present report, corresponding per¬ cents were: Federal, 42.8; State, 50.6; and local, 6.6. Total government contributions in 1955-56 per capita of 1955 total population ranged from nearly $20 in California to just over $1 in 509159—59 - 3 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table VIII. — Educational and general income from public sources , per capita of total population , institutions of higher education except U.S. service academies , by region and State: 1955—56 Region and State Total Federal, State, and local Federal Government State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Total Federal For veterans’ tuition and fees For land- grant in¬ stitutions For research For other purposes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United States.. . $8. 71 $2.75 SO. 09 $0.44 $2.12 $0. 10 $5. 32 SO. 64 Continental United States . . 8.77 2.77 .09 .42 2.16 .10 5.35 .65 Northeast. . . . 6.55 3.13 .15 .20 2. 69 .09 2. 83 .59 Connecticut . . . — 5.81 1. 25 .06 .23 .75 .21 4. 27 .29 Maine . . . 4. 27 .90 .02 .77 .09 .02 3.31 .06 Massachusetts . . 14.06 12. 23 .18 .17 11.67 .21 1.77 .06 New Hampshire - - - 6. 06 1.44 .05 .87 .26 .26 4. 51 .11 New Jersey . . . 4.26 1.39 .09 .15 1.10 .05 2. 77 .10 New York . . . 6. 70 2.54 .19 .13 2.15 .07 2. 73 1.43 Pennsylvania _ 4.50 1.57 .13 .20 1.19 .05 2. 92 .01 Rhode Island . 5.19 2. 04 .04 .47 1.37 .16 3.15 Vermont . . . . 9.12 2. 32 .14 1.40 .49 .29 6. 48 .32 North Central . 8. 84 2. 13 .06 .41 1. 59 .07 6. 17 .54 Illinois . . 11.43 4.90 .06 .23 4. 44 .17 6. 19 .34 Indiana . . . . . 8.27 1.31 .07 .43 .72 .09 6. 83 .13 Iowa . . . . . . 10. 89 1.43 .04 .76 .51 .12 9. 30 .16 Kansas . . . . 9.82 1.06 .03 .70 .30 .03 7. 50 1.26 Michigan . . . 11.44 2. 09 .05 .29 1.73 .02 7. 94 1.41 Minnesota _ _ _ 10. 59 2. 73 .07 .56 2.08 .02 7. 52 .34 Missouri.. . . 5. 02 1.26 .07 .52 .64 .03 3.51 .25 Nebraska . . 10. 03 1.44 .06 .87 .35 .16 7. 77 .82 North Dakota . . . 12. 62 1.59 .04 1.41 .11 .03 10 83 .20 Ohio 4 78 .88 .07 .18 .60 .03 3. 33 .57 South Dakota . . 9.71 1.42 .04 1.35 .01 .02 8. 29 Wisconsin . . . . 7. 20 1.32 .06 .51 .70 .05 5. 78 .10 South . . 7. 14 1.74 .08 .62 .92 .12 5. 12 .28 Alabama . . . . . 6. 20 1.06 .04 .77 .22 .03 4. 97 .17 Arkansas . . . 6.71 1.69 .04 1.13 .41 .11 4. 93 .04 Delaware . 7. 32 1.08 .04 .92 .12 6. 24 Florida . . 7. 37 1.00 .16 .27 .53 .04 6.28 .09 Georgia . . . . 4.67 1.39 .05 .69 .62 .03 2. 93 .35 Kentucky . . . 4.01 .98 .04 .79 .12 .03 2. 66 .37 Louisiana . . . 10. 59 1.16 .04 .57 .54 .01 9. 36 .07 Maryland _ _ 14. 05 8.15 .08 .33 7. 63 .11 5.73 .17 Mississippi . 6. 38 1.39 .11 1.16 .07 .05 3. 82 1.17 North Carolina . . 5. 83 1.52 .05 .72 .68 .07 4. 26 .05 Oklahoma . . . 10. 00 1.24 .10 .81 .24 .09 8. 73 .03 South Carolina . . . . 5. 55 .92 .01 .78 .11 .02 4. 56 .07 Tennessee . . 5. 09 1.14 .06 .64 .43 .01 3. 89 .06 Texas . . 7. 66 1.20 .10 .44 .59 .07 5. 79 .67 Virginia . . . 5. 49 1.01 .02 .52 .43 .04 4.47 .01 West Virginia . . 7. 03 .80 .02 .70 .07 .01 6. 20 .03 District of Columbia . 13. 16 12. 00 .71 6. 68 4.61 1.16 West . 16. 18 5. 73 .11 .42 5. 10 .10 8. 63 1. 82 Arizona . . . . . 8. 30 .97 .09 .58 .28 .02 6. 57 .76 California _ _ _ 19.91 8. 69 .12 .15 8. 33 .09 8. 24 2. 98 Colorado _ _ 10. 06 2. 49 .20 .65 1.55 .09 7. 06 .51 Idaho . . . . 9. 90 1.30 .02 1.17 .09 .02 7.90 .70 Montana _ _ _ _ 12.12 1.61 .04 1.23 .09 .25 10. 46 .05 Nevada . . . . 9. 22 2. 35 .03 1.83 .32 .17 6 87 New Mexico _ _ _ _ 11.85 2. 49 .07 .95 1.30 .17 8. 76 .60 Oregon. _ _ 11.22 1.52 .19 .60 .69 .04 9. 44 .26 Utah _ _ 14. 77 3. 89 .06 .85 2. 42 .56 10.76 .12 Washington _ 12. 40 1.91 .05 .46 1.37 .03 10.31 .18 Wyoming _ _ _ _ 16. 74 2. 25 .06 1.89 .09 .21 14. 00 .49 Outlying Parts _ 5. 52 1. 30 .02 .84 .36 .08 4. 21 .01 Alaska . . 11 55 5 38 .01 1.57 3.61 19 5. 97 .20 Canal Zone . . . 1.70 1.70 l! 70 Guam . . 1.06 1.06 Puerto Rico . . . . 4. 91 .94 .01 80 11 02 3 97 (0 Territory of Hawaii . 6.59 1.33 .04 .93 ! 24 !l2 5. 26 5 Less than 0.1 of 1 cent. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 25 Guam. The lowest in continental United States was $4.01, in Ken¬ tucky. The median, including outlying parts, was $8.25; that for continental United States only was $8.50. In general, the total of all government contributions to higher education reached a higher point in the West (more than $16 per capita), where 8 of the 11 States reported $10 or more each. It ran lowest in New England ($6.55 per capita), where 4 of the 9 States reported less than $5 each. In this region, however, a per capita of more than $14 was reported in Massachusetts. The present study analyzes the Federal Government’s contribu¬ tions in somewhat greater detail than before. Those contributions designated for research averaged $2.12 per capita of total population; they constituted 77.1 percent of all Federal funds going to higher education, and 24.3 percent of all public contributions to higher education. These contributions ranged from nearly $12 per capita in Massachusetts to nothing in 3 jurisdictions, 2 of which have no insti¬ tutions above the junior college level. Seven States reported some¬ thing, but less than 10 cents per capita, each. Private gifts and grants per capita of total population ranged from $5.28 in Utah and $4.42 in the District of Columbia to less than 20 cents in North Dakota, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii, and nothing in the Canal Zone and Guam. The average for the Nation was $1.47. For continental United States it was $1.49, nearly twice the 1949-50 average of 80 cents (table IX). The other criterion, that of the number of students of college grade in residence in November, has been referred to. In spite of admitted limitations, this criterion nevertheless serves a useful purpose. Thus, for every student registered for resident work of college grade at an institution of higher education in 1955-56 (including the two federally maintained junior colleges in the Canal Zone and Guam but excluding the U.S. Service Academies), private gifts and grants for current educational and general purposes, amounting to $92.54, and gifts for student-aid purposes amounting to $8.48, were received. The averages for continental United States were educational and general, $93.22 and student aid, $8.52, making a total of $101.74. This total has fluctuated greatly the last few years. In 1939-40 it stood at $27.17. It then rose irregularly to $44.74 in 1949-50, to $65.34 in 1951-52, and to $76.15 in 1953-54. The 1955-56 figure of more than $101 is one-third greater than the $76.15 reported 2 years earlier. Private gifts and grants per student for educational and general purposes ran highest in the Northeast, with Massachusetts and Con¬ necticut reporting more than $170 each. The lowest per-student figure was reported from North Dakota. Gifts for student aid fol¬ lowed the pattern of running highest for the Northeast, but the lowest 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table IX. — Private gifts and grants for current purposes, per capita of total population and per resident college-grade student, institutions of higher education except U.S. Service Academies, by control of institution, purpose of gift, region , and State: 1955—56 Region and State Per capita of total population, all institutions Per resident college-grade student 1 All institutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions For edu¬ cational and gen¬ eral pur¬ poses For stu¬ dent aid For edu¬ cational and gen¬ eral pur¬ poses For stu¬ dent aid For edu¬ cational and gen¬ eral pur¬ poses For stu dent aid For edu¬ cational and gen¬ eral pur¬ poses For stu¬ dent aid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Aggregate United States.. . . . si. 47 $0. 13 $92. 54 $8. 48 $33. 12 $5.31 $165. 62 $12. 39 Continental United States . . 1.49 .14 93.22 8.52 33.48 5.31 165.83 12.42 Northeast _ 1. 91 .16 115. 15 9. 85 24. 28 2. 32 150. 38 12. 77 Connecticut _ _ 2. 87 .35 172. 72 21. 19 5. 70 6. 04 279. 02 30. 84 Maine.. _ _ . .77 .11 86. 78 12. 33 67.65 7.16 114.95 19. 93 Massachusetts . . _ _ 3.79 .33 175. 03 15. 40 11.46 1.83 195. 64 17. 00 New Hampshire _ 2. 43 .15 148. 89 9.17 17. 42 19.12 266. 41 .27 1.03 .12 99.68 11.11 2. 77 130. 10 13 65 New York _ 1.96 .13 99. 95 6.51 24.09 .57 141.02 9. 73 Pennsylvania _ _ 1.37 .12 99. 29 9. 07 42. 63 3.21 113. 52 10. 54 1.47 . 19 103. 78 13. 50 4. 20 139. 77 16. 74 Vermont _ _ _ 1.36 .29 68. 65 14. 74 51. 19 5. 34 83. 51 22. 74 North Central _ 1.65 .12 105. 36 7. 89 53.73 6. 47 175. 74 9. 83 Illinois . . . 2. 13 .12 132. 88 7. 50 53.71 4.96 188. 92 9. 29 Indiana _ 1.40 .16 85. 88 9. 78 47.00 6. 94 134. 13 13. 30 Iowa _ _ 1.63 . 14 101.79 8. 87 65. 16 10. 94 147. 59 6. 28 Kansas _ _ _ 1.48 . 13 78. 94 7. 18 25. 75 5. 39 298. 57 14. 58 Michigan. . . . 1.38 .12 88. 55 8. 00 51.51 8. 88 206 91 5. 20 Minnesota _ _ _ 1.94 . 19 123. 09 12. 12 95.13 13 20 171.67 10 24 Missouri.. . . . . 1.46 .08 95. 16 5. 40 11.69 3.87 150. 99 6. 43 Nebraska.. _ _ 1.36 .14 80. 04 8. 05 18. 62 8. 59 214. 96 6. 84 North Dakota _ .19 .03 13. 40 1.93 7. 35 1.85 134. 75 3. 42 Ohio _ _ 1.54 .12 106. 43 8. 60 69. 49 4. 78 148.51 12.95 South Dakota _ _ .80 .14 52. 39 8. 98 .46 5. 03 192. 85 19. 68 Wisconsin _ _ _ 2.07 .06 142. 67 4.09 85. 98 .02 242. 86 11.29 South _ _ 1. 09 .12 79. 07 8. 49 28. 08 6. 21 163. 27 12. 25 Alabama . . . .77 .01 69. 39 1. 12 26. 93 .02 177. 14 3. 90 Arkansas.. _ _ .98 .08 95. 60 7.31 50.17 4.43 265. 27 18. 07 Delaware _ _ .27 .10 25. 69 9. 65 22. 55 10. 61 37. 63 6. 00 Florida _ _ _ 1.01 .14 83. 56 11.87 20. 37 7. 72 155. 74 16. 62 Georgia _ ... _ .77 .15 67.12 12.85 26. 38 10. 08 152. 79 18. 69 Kentucky . . . . 1.26 .09 110. 55 7. 55 42. 95 4. 88 221.30 11.91 Louisiana _ 1.10 .08 74.44 5. 59 11.50 1.35 195. 42 13.75 Maryland . . . .. 1.78 . 16 122. 99 10. 92 24.81 7. 48 249. 54 15. 34 Mississippi _ .57 .05 47. 98 4.06 13.19 2. 55 177. 63 9. 68 North Carolina . . . . 1.26 .18 107. 12 15. 22 67. 53 9. 99 151 49 21.09 Oklahoma . . . .58 .11 27. 37 5.12 9.19 5.19 82. 23 4. 90 South Carolina _ _ .92 .08 88. 46 7.68 27.11 7. 99 156. 00 7. 33 Tennessee _ 1.54 .10 117.81 7. 58 45. 34 3. 28 204. 96 12. 74 Texas _ _ _ _ 1.19 .15 68. 50 8.54 30. 47 7.13 159. 72 11.92 Virginia _ _ .83 .15 76. 96 14. 38 25. 08 13.35 158. 16 15. 99 West Virginia _ _ .20 .05 17. 89 4.03 4. 53 4. 37 58. 69 3.01 District of Columbia _ _ 4. 42 .19 100.21 4. 32 .35 .35 112. 86 4. 82 West _ _ 1. 28 .16 62. 73 7. 61 20. 86 4. 44 217. 39 19. 32 Arizona _ _ ... .30 .15 18. 52 9.44 7.28 9. 72 391. 46 California... .. _ _ 1.31 .17 57. 67 7. 27 12. 50 1.86 240. 92 29. 24 Colorado _ ... _ 1.35 .21 65. 78 10. 34 43. 25 11.96 121.48 6. 33 Idaho.. . . . . .90 . 15 64. 90 10. 60 12. 37 9. 38 239. 11 14. 62 Montana _ _ _ .55 .05 37.25 3. 64 28.96 3. 79 81.76 2.81 Nevada _ .21 23.21 23.21 New Mexico . . . . .45 .11 32. 87 8.19 21.10 8.21 198. 91 7. 94 Oregon . . . . . 1.15 .20 66.15 11.55 29. 67 11.92 165.93 10. 55 Utah . . . 5. 28 .11 1G6. 85 3. 59 60. 75 3. 08 357. 85 4.51 Washington . . .96 .11 58. 93 6. 75 36. 23 8. 39 114. 44 2. 72 Wyoming . 1.49 . 19 103. 78 13. 34 103. 78 13. 34 Outlying Parts . . .14 .04 18. 76 4. 64 8. 34 5. 31 86.97 .26 Alaska . . . .11 .04 23. 97 7 51 23. 97 7.51 Puerto Rico _ _ _ .15 .02 19. 94 2. 78 4. 85 3. 34 86. 97 .26 Territory of Hawaii.. .15 .10 15. 46 10. 60 15. 46 10. 60 As of November 1955. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 27 figure was for Alabama. No gifts for this purpose were reported from Nevada. Private gifts and grants for educational and general purposes at privately controlled institutions averaged $165.62 per student (table IX). This figure was 5 times the average at institutions under public control ($33.12). The ratio was by no means uniform over the Na¬ tion; for example, in South Dakota it was over 400 to 1, but in the neighboring State of Minnesota it was less than 2 to 1. Private gifts and grants for student aid at privately controlled in¬ stitutions averaged $12.39, almost 2.5 times the average at institutions under public control ($5.31). This ratio, like that of gifts for educa¬ tional and general purposes, was not uniform. Thus, in Wisconsin it was over 550 to 1, but in more than a dozen jurisdictions (including the 2 neighboring States of Iowa and Minnesota) the ratio was re¬ versed: a larger amount per student in the publicly controlled institu¬ tions than in the privately controlled. This being the first year for which data of this sort have been as¬ sembled, no comparison with previous years is available. Percentage Analysis of Current Income The sources of current income of higher educational institutions for educational and general purposes may be classified roughly as ( 1 ) in¬ ternal , (2) philanthropic, and ( 8 ) public or governmental. Internal sources include student fees for tuition and similar purposes, sales and services of instructional departments and related activities, and miscellaneous items, such as rent of part or all of the institutional plant for purposes not usually looked upon as part of its traditional educational program, interest on current funds, and other items so infrequent in recurrence or so minor in amount as to make special classification impracticable. These internal sources accounted for nearly 35 percent of the total educational and general income of the 1,858 institutions comprising the American higher education system in 1955-56. Philanthropic sources include gifts, grants, or donations from in¬ dividuals or organizations of a religious, voluntary, or other nonpublic type; bequests; and other contributions of this general type intended for current use (present philanthropy); as well as earnings of endow¬ ment and other nonexpendable funds (the outcome of past philan¬ thropy). Public sources include appropriations, tax levies, transfers of accounts and other contributions from the Federal Government, State governments, and county, city, district, or other local jurisdic¬ tions. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Philanthropic sources yielded 13% percent, and public sources al¬ most 52 percent, of the total educational and general income of not quite $2.9 billion. When the 1955-56 current income of all institutions (including the U.S. service academies) is tabulated by control of institution (table X), and when these tabulations are analyzed percentagewise alongside those on faculty, students, and degrees, as shown in section I of this chapter, certain facts become apparent: 1. Although only 35.3 percent of these institutions were under public con¬ trol in 1955-56, they employed 53.5 percent of the faculty, enrolled 55.3 per¬ cent of the resident students doing degree-credit work, conferred 52.7 percent of the earned degrees (52.1 percent of the bachelor’s or first professional degrees), and received 57.2 percent of the educational and general income. 2. More than two-fifths, or 42.4 percent, of the educational and general income of privately controlled institutions was collected as student fees for matriculation, tuition, and laboratory charges. Not quite one-eighth (12.3 percent) of the corresponding income of publicly controlled institutions was from this source. If payment of veterans’ tuition and other educational fees by the Federal Government is added to the payment by or for nonveteran students, total tuition percentages become 43.3 for the privately controlled institutions and 12.6 for the publicly controlled. 3. For every dollar paid by students at publicly controlled institutions, $2.58 was paid at those under private control. Adding the payments by the Federal Government on behalf of veteran students changes this by 1 cent, making it $1 to $2.57. 4. Every dollar of endowment earnings received at publicly controlled in¬ stitutions was matched by $7.91 at those under private control. Of this $7.91, universities received $4.12, liberal-arts colleges $2.45, technological schools 82 cents, and theological schools 28 cents. 5. The quantitative importance of contributions of the Federal Government to institutions of higher education has long been a matter of general knowl¬ edge. These contributions, amounting to a little more than $527 million in 1949-50 for the entire United States (including outlying parts), dropped to about $452 million in 1951-52, and to a little less than $420 million in 1953-54. In 1955-56 it rose to nearly $494 million, still considerably less than the 1949-50 total. Of the grand total of $493,885,532 for 1955-56, institutions under public control received $267,429,150, or 54.1 percent; those under private control received $226,456,382, or 45.9 percent. Of this same grand total, $355,575,- 563 (51.7 percent) was for research. Among the privately controlled institu¬ tions 90.8 percent of the Federal contribution was for research; but among the publicly controlled, only 51.6 percent. A comparison of institutions by level or type brings out other differences in sources of income. Public sources accounted for more than half (51.8 percent) of the educational and general income of all institutions of higher education in 1955-56. These sources reached their highest percentage among teachers colleges (77 percent). Junior colleges and other nondegree institutions of the undergraduate type received 66.6 percent of their income from public sources, techno- HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 29 logical schools 66.2 percent, and universities of complex organization 56.3 percent. Local governments supplied 38.2 percent of the educational and general income of institutions operating at the junior-college level, but only 3.7 percent of that of all higher education as a whole. There is reason to believe that other elements (as for example, size of student body, geographic region, or internal organization of insti¬ tution) may bear some relation to distribution of income by source. In certain localities the publicly controlled junior colleges charge moderate fees or no fees at all; in others the privately controlled institutions of all types receive some public funds as a matter of tradition. Thus, of the 292 publicly controlled junior colleges, 250 reported income from student fees, leaving 42 which had no income from this source. In like manner, of the 1,203 privately controlled institutions of all types, 84 reported receiving some State funds and 35 some funds from local sources (table X). A feature of table X not heretofore presented is a count of insti¬ tutions reporting income from the various major sources. This information may be used positively as presented, or negatively, to show the number of institutions not receiving income from certain of those sources. These two methods, illustrated in the preceding paragraph, may be applied to any of the items given in the table. Tabic X. —Percentage analysis , current income , by type of institution and by source of income: 1955-56 A. All Institutions Percent * Type of institution, source of income Number of institutions reporting Amount reported > Of educa¬ tional and general income Of total current income l 2 3 4 5 1. ALL INSTITUTIONS Educational and general: Student fees _ _ _ _ _ 1, 793 $725, 926 25.2 20.0 Federal Government: Veterans' tuition and fees.. . . . . . 1,253 15, 637 .6 .4 Land-grant institutions.. _ _ 69 72, 616 2.5 2.0 Research _ _ _ _ 241 355, 576 12.4 9.8 Other purposes . . . . . . 729 50. 056 1.7 1.4 State governments _ _ 673 891. 600 30.9 24.6 Local governments _ _ _ _ 397 106, 899 3.7 2.9 Endowment earnings . . . . . . . 914 145, 040 5.0 4.0 Private gifts and grants . . 1,284 245, 539 8.5 6.8 Related activities . . . . . . . 479 192, 406 6.7 5.3 Other educational and general . . . 1,270 80, 464 2.8 2.2 Total . . . 1,858 2, 881, 759 100.0 79.4 Auxiliary enterprises _ 1,678 1,065 1, 858 693, 975 53, 039 3, 628, 773 19.1 Student-aid income _ _ _ 1.5 Tots! current income.. . . . 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table X.-— Percentage analysis , current income , by type of institution and by source of income: 1955-56 — Continued A. All Institutions — Continued Percent * Type of institution, source of income Number of institutions reporting Amount reported > Of educa¬ tional and general income Of total current income 1 2 3 4 5 II. UNIVERSITIES Educational and general: Student fees . . .. . - _ _ 141 358, 237 20.1 16.6 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees _ . _ 140 9, 625 .5 .4 Land-grant institutions . . . . . 51 70, 362 3.9 3.3 Research _ _ _ 120 276, 333 15.5 12.8 Other purposes . . . . . . 119 12, 079 .7 .6 State governments . . . . . . 101 604, 271 33.9 28.1 Local governments . . .. _ 29 31,827 1.8 1.5 Endowment earnings . . . . 124 80, 808 4.5 3.8 Private gifts and grants . . . . . . 131 124, 440 7.0 5.8 Related activities _ _ _ _ 117 152,619 8.6 7.1 Other educational and general. . . . . . 137 61, 736 3.5 2.9 Total . . . . . 141 1, 782, 338 100.0 82.9 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . 141 345, 755 23, 777 2, 151, 870 16.0 130 1.1 Total current Income _ _ . 141 100.0 III. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES Educational and general: Student fees... . . . . . 730 238, 205 48.2 33.0 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . 510 3,172 .6 .4 Land-grant inst.tutions. _ _ 16 735 .2 .1 Research _ _ _ _ 60 5, 261 1.1 .7 Other purposes _ _ _ _ 232 1,778 .4 .2 State governments _ _ _ _ _ 104 94,417 19.1 13.1 Local governments _ _ 41 14, 244 2.9 2.0 Endowment earnings.. _ _ _ 497 40, 981 8 3 5.7 Private gifts and grants _ 674 75, 570 15.3 10.5 Related activities. . . . . . . 180 9, 548 1.9 1.3 Other educational and general . . . . 553 9,913 2.0 1.4 Total . . . . . . . . . 732 493, 824 100.0 68.4 Auxiliary enterprises . 721 215, 884 29.9 Student-aid income 523 12, 663 722, 371 1.7 Total current Income _ _ _ 732 100.0 IV. TEACHERS COLLEGES Educational and general: Student fees.. _ _ _ 191 28, 613 18.7 13.7 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees _ . .. . . 158 463 .3 .2 Research... _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 137 .1 .1 Other purposes _ _ _ 105 321 .2 .2 State governments _ _ _ 168 112, 972 73.8 54.1 Local governments . . . . . 50 3, 905 2.6 1.9 Endowments... _ _ _ _ 19 524 .3 .2 Private gifts and grants . . . . . 60 2, 526 1.7 1.2 Related activities . . . . . 79 2, 023 1 3 1.0 Other educational and general... . . . . 128 1,564 1.0 .7 Total . . . . . . . 192 153, 048 100.0 73.3 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . . 180 54, 779 1,000 208, 827 26.2 Student-aid income . . . . 87 .5 Total current income . . . . 192 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 31 Table X. — Percentage analysis , current income , by type of institution and by source of income: 1955— 56— Continued A. All Institutions — Continued Percent * Type of institution, source of income ^Number of institutions reporting Amount reported i Of educa¬ tional and general income Of total current income 1 2 £ B '• 3 4 5 V. TECHNOLOGICAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: Student fees . . . . . . . 39 30,459 16.5 13.8 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees _ _ 34 933 .5 .4 Land-grant institutions . . 1 17 0 0 Research.. . . . . . 17 70, 723 38.4 31.9 Other purposes . . . . . 33 34, 733 18.8 15.7 State governments . . . . . 19 15,458 8.4 7.0 Local governments - - - - - 2 149 .1 .1 Endowment earnings . . . . 23 13, 476 7.3 6.1 Private gifts and grants.. . . . . 21 9, 995 5.4 4.5 Related activities - - - 11 4, 573 2.5 2.1 Other educational and general. . . . . 30 3, 872 2.1 1.7 Total . . . . 44 184, 388 100.0 83.3 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . . . . 43 23, 868 13, 054 221, 310 10.8 32 5.9 Total current income _ _ _ 44 100.0 VI. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: Student fees . . . . . . . . 120 6, 307 24.6 17.6 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees. . 77 53 .2 .2 Other purposes . . . . . 33 9 0 0 State governments . . . . . 6 5 <*) 0 Local governments . . . . . . 1 1 0 0 Endowment earnings . . . . . . 85 4, 569 17.9 12.8 Private gifts and grants _ _ _ _ _ 123 13,812 53.9 38.6 Related activities . . . . . 10 79 .3 .2 Other educational and general _ _ 78 784 3.1 2.2 Total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 25, 619 100.0 71.5 Auxiliary enterprises.. . . . . 112 9,014 1,176 25.2 Student-aid income . . . . . . . 67 3.3 Total current Income _ _ _ 124 35, 809 100.0 VII. OTHER PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: Student fees _ _ _ _ _ 117 27,318 29.0 26.6 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . 101 693 .7 .7 Land-grant institutions . . . . . . 1 1,503 1.6 1.5 Research . . . . . . . . 22 2,915 3.1 2.8 Other purposes _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 312 .3 .3 State governments... . . . . . . 31 24, 131 25.6 23.5 Local governments . . .. . . . . 8 82 .1 .1 Endowment earnings . . . 49 2, 832 3.0 2.8 Private gifts and grants . . . . . 74 11,417 12.1 11.1 Related activities _ _ _ _ _ 35 22, 201 23.6 21.7 Other educational and general _ _ _ 78 792 .9 .8 Total _ _ _ 120 94, 196 100.0 91.9 Auxiliary enterprises.. . . . . . 86 7,640 668 7.5 Student-aid income _ _ _ ... . ... . ... . 60 . 6 Total current income _ _ 120 102, 504 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table X. — Percentage analysis , current income , by type of institution and by source of income: 1955-56 — Continued A. All Institutions — Continued Percent * Type of institution, source of income Number of institutions reporting Amount reported * Of educa¬ tional and general income Of total current income l 2 3 4 5 VIII. JUNIOR COLLEGES I. * * 4 Educational and general: Student fees- . . . 455 36, 787 24.8 19.7 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . 233 698 .5 .4 Research . . . 2 206 . i .1 Other purposes . . . . . . . 167 824 .6 .4 State governments _ _ _ _ 244 40, 346 27.2 21.7 Local governments . . . 266 56. 692 38.2 30.5 Endowment earnings . . . 117 1.851 1.3 1.0 Private gifts and grants . 201 7, 777 5.2 4.2 Related activities . . . . . . . 47 1,364 .9 .7 Other educational and general . . . . 266 1,802 1.2 1.0 Total . . . 505 148, 347 100.0 79.7 Auxiliary enterprises . . 395 37, 034 701 19.9 Student-aid income . . . . . 166 .4 Total current Income _ _ _ 505 186, 082 100.0 B. Publicly Controlled Institutions I. ALL INSTITUTIONS Educational and general: Student fees . Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . Land-grant institutions _ Research. . . Other purposes . State governments . Local governments.. . . . Endowment earnings . Private gifts and grants . Related activities . . Other educational and general . Total . . . Auxiliary enterprises . Student aid income . Total current Income _ _ II. UNIVERSITIES Educational and general: Student fees . . . Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . Land-grant institutions . . Research . Other purposes . . . State governments . . . Local governments . Endowment earnings . . Private gifts and grants . . . Related activities . Other educational and general . Total . Auxiliary enterprises . Student-aid income . Total current income _ 608 $203, 007 12.3 10.0 486 4,833 0.3 0.2 66 71,242 4.3 3.5 115 149, 926 9.1 7.4 366 41.429 2.5 2.0 589 865, 125 52.5 42.6 362 104, 040 6 3 5.1 121 16, 285 1.0 • 8 183 48. 456 2.9 2.4 217 111,388 6 8 5.5 407 33, 793 2.0 1.7 655 1,649. 524 100.0 81.2 549 357, 346 17.6 304 24,077 1.2 655 2, 030, 947 100.0 81 135, 359 11.7 9.6 81 3, 334 .3 .2 49 69. 004 6.0 4.9 73 145. 952 12.6 10.4 73 5. 741 .5 .4 81 582, 005 50.3 41.5 21 30, 051 2.6 2.1 71 13,752 1.2 1.0 72 44, 137 3.8 3.2 74 98. 656 8.5 7.0 80 29,719 2.5 2.1 81 1,157.710 100.0 82.4 81 235. 666 16.9 74 10. 567 .7 81 1. 403. 943 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 33 Table X. — Percentage analysis , current income, by type of institution and by source of income: 1955-56 — Continued B. Publiclt Controlled Institutions — Continued Type of institution, source of income Percent * Number of institutions Amount reporting reported » Of educa¬ tional and general income Of total current income 1 2 3 4 5 III. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES Educational and general: Student fees . . . Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . Land-grant institutions - - Research . . . . . Other purposes . . State governments . . Local governments . . . . . Endowment earnings . . . . . Private gifts and grants . . . . Related activities . . . . Other educational and general . . . Total . Auxiliary enterprises . Student-aid income. . . . . . Total current Income _ IV. TEACHERS COLLEGES 82 71 16 11 45 78 31 16 33 44 62 82 80 53 82 21,448 15.7 580 .4 735 .6 974 .7 458 .3 93, 361 68.4 13, 970 10.2 1,016 .7 625 .5 1,904 1.4 1,517 1.1 136, 588 38. 209 100.0 1,323 176, 120 12.2 .3 .4 .5 .3 53.0 7.9 .6 .4 1.1 .9 77.6 21.7 .7 100.0 Educational and general: Student fees . . Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . . Research.. . Other purposes . . . State governments . . . Local governments . Endowment earnings . . . . Private gifts and grants _ _ Related activities . . . . Other educational and general . Total . . Auxiliary enterprises . . . . Student-aid income . . . . . Total current income _ _ _ V. TECHNOLOGICAL SCHOOLS 168 150 18 98 167 50 14 40 72 108 168 162 75 25, 505 382 57 310 112,968 3, 905 125 387 1,579 1,273 146, 491 52, 792 871 <3) 17.4 .2 .2 77.1 2.7 .1 .3 1.1 .9 100.0 168 200, 154 <3) 12.7 .2 .2 56.4 2.0 .1 .2 .8 .6 73.2 26.4 .4 100.0 Educational and general: Student fees . Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . Land-grant institutions . Research . Other purposes . State governments . Local governments . Endowment earnings . Private gifts and grants . Related activities . Other educational and general . . Total . Auxiliary enterprises . . Student-aid income . . Total current income . VI. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS 17 13 0 5 17 17 2 6 4 5 12 22 22 14 22 5,326 156 1,731 34, 076 15,451 149 177 228 1,001 220 58,515 12, 776 10, 908 82, 193 9.1 .3 3.0 58.2 26.4 .2 .3 .4 1.7 .4 100.0 6.5 .2 2.1 41.4 18.8 .2 .2 .3 1.2 .3 71.2 15.5 13.3 100.0 (No publicly controlled theological schools.) See footnotes at end of table. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table X. — Percentage analysis , current income , by type of institution and by source of income: 1955-56 — Continued B. Publicly Controlled Institutions — Continued Percent J Type of institution, source of income Number of institutions reporting Amount reported i Of educa¬ tional and general income Of total current income l 2 3 4 5 VII. OTHER PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: Student fees _ _ _ _ _ 10 2,818 7.4 7.0 Federal Government: Veterans' tuition and fees . . . . 8 22 .1 .1 Land-grant institutions . . . 1 1,503 4.0 3.7 Research . . . . . . . . . . 7 1,170 3.1 2.9 Other purposes _ _ _ _ - 7 66 .2 .2 State governments - - - - 10 21, 395 56.4 53.3 Local governments _ 2 20 .1 .1 Endowment earnings . . . . . . 6 797 2.1 2.0 Private gifts and grants _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ 8 2, 936 7.7 7.3 Related activities . . . . . 6 7, 040 18.5 17.6 Other educational and general . . . . . . 7 174 .4 .4 Total _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 37, 941 100.0 94.6 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . 9 1,981 193 4.9 Student-aid income 8 .5 T otal current income 10 40, 115 100,0 VIII. JUNIOR COLLEGES * Educational and general: Student fees _ _ _ 250 12, 553 11.2 9.8 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . . . 163 359 .3 .3 Research . . . . 1 41 (3> (*) Other purposes _ _ _ 126 779 .7 .6 State governments _ _ _ _ _ _ .. 236 39, 945 35.6 31.1 Local governments . . . . 256 55, 946 49.8 43.6 Endowmenl earnings.. . . . . . 8 418 .4 .3 Private gifts and grants . . . . 25 142 .1 .1 Related activities _ _ 16 1,207 1.1 .9 Other educational and general . . . 138 889 .8 .7 Total . . . . 292 112, 279 100.0 87.4 Auxiliary enterprises _ 195 15, 922 214 12.4 Student-aid income 80 .2 Total current income _ 292 128, 415 100.0 C. Privately Controlled Institutions 1. ALL INSTITUTIONS Educational and general: Student fees . . . . . . . . 1,185 $522, 918 10, 804 1,375 42.4 32.7 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees 767 .9 .7 Land-grant institutions. . . . . 3 .1 .1 Research . . . . . . . 126 205, 650 8. 628 16.7 12.9 Other purposes _ ... .. 363 .7 .5 State governments . . . . . . . 84 26. 475 2.1 1.6 Local governments . . . . . . 35 2, 859 128, 756 .2 .2 Endowment earnings . 793 10.5 8.1 Private gifts and grants.. _ 1, 101 197, 083 81,018 46, 670 16.0 12.3 Related activities. . . . . . . 262 6.6 5.1 Other educational and general . . . . 863 3.8 2.9 Total . . . . . 1,203 1,129 761 1, 232, 236 336, 629 28, 961 100.0 77.1 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . . 21.1 Student-aid income _ _ 1.8 Total current income . . . . . 1,203 1, 597, 826 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 35 Table X. — Percentage analysis , current income , by type of institution and by source of income: 1955-56 — Continued C. Privately Controlled Institutions — Continued Percent * Type of institution, source of income Number of institutions reporting Amount reported i Of educa¬ tional and general income Of total current income l 2 3 4 5 II. UNIVERSITIES Educational and general: 60 222, 879 6, 291 1,358 130, 381 6, 338 22, 265 1,776 67, 056 80, 303 53, 964 32, 017 35.7 29.8 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees _ _ - . - 59 1.0 .8 Land-grant institutions _ _ - _ 2 .2 .2 Research . . . . . . 47 20.9 17.4 Other purposes . . . - . . 46 1.0 .9 State governments . . . . . . 20 3.6 3 0 8 .3 .2 Endowment earnings _ _ _ 53 10.7 9.0 Private gifts and grants . . . - . . 59 12.9 10.7 43 8.6 7.2 57 5.1 4.3 Total . . . ... _ 60 624, 628 110, 089 13,210 100.0 83.5 60 14.7 56 1.8 Total current income . . . . . . 60 747, 927 100.0 III. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES Educational and general: Student fees _ _ _ _ _ - 648 216, 757 2, 591 60.7 39.7 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . . . 439 .7 .5 Land-grant institutions _ ... 0 Research. . . . . . . . ... _ 49 4, 287 1,320 1,057 274 1.2 .8 Other purposes . .. . 187 .4 .2 State governments . . . . 26 .3 .2 Local governments . . . . 10 .1 .1 Endowments earnings . . . . . . . 481 39, 966 74, 945 7, 643 8, 396 11.2 7.3 Private gifts and grants . . . . . 640 21.0 13! 7 Related activities . . 136 2.1 1.4 Other educational and general . . . . 491 2.3 1.5 Total . . . . . . 650 357, 236 177,675 11,340 100.0 65.4 Auxiliary enterprises 641 32.5 Student-aid income . . . . .. ... . . . 470 2.1 Total current income . . . . . . 650 546, 251 100.0 IV. TEACHERS COLLEGES Educational and general: Student fees _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 3, 109 81 47.4 35.9 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees. . . 8 1.2 .9 Land-grant institutions.. ... . . . 2 80 1.2 .9 Research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 11 .2 . 1 Other purposes . . . . . _ _ . 1 4 .1 <3) State governments _ _ _ _ _ _ . . 0 Local governments . . . . . Endowment earnings . . . . 5 399 6.1 4.6 Private gifts and grants . . ... . .. . .. 20 2, 139 443 32.6 24.7 Related activities . . . . . 7 6.8 5. 1 Other educational and general . . . 20 291 4.4 3.4 Total _ _ 24 6, 557 1,987 129 100.0 75.6 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . . . . 18 22.9 Student-aid income . _ _ _ 12 1.5 Total current income . . . . 24 8, 673 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table X.— Per centage* analysis, current? income, by type of institution and by source of income: I955-56-—Continued C. Phivatelt Controlled Institutions — Continued jj| Percent * Type of institution source of income Number of institutions reporting Amount reported * Of educa¬ tional and general Income Of total current income l 2 3 4 5 V. TECHNOLOGICAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: Student fees . . 22 25, 133 778 20.0 18.1 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees _ _ 21 .6 .6 Land-grant institutions _ 1 17 (*) 54.8 (*) 49.6 Research _ _ _ _ _ 12 68, 992 658 Other purposes . . . . 16 .5 .5 State governments... . . . . 2 7 <3> (*) Local governments _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 Endowment earnings _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 13, 299 9. 766 10.6 9.5 Private gifts and grants . . . . 17 7.8 7.0 Related activities” _ _ _ _ 6 3, 571 3, 651 2.8 2.6 Other educational and general . . . . 18 2.9 2.6 Total . . . . . . . 22 125. 872 11,093 2, 145 100.0 90.5 21 8.0 Student-aid income.. _ _ _ 18 1.5 Total current Income _ 22 139, no 100.0 VI. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: Student fees . . . 120 6, 307 53 24.6 17.6 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees _ _ _ _ 77 .2 .2 Other purposes . . . . . 33 9 (») <3) (3) 17.9 <3) <3) <3) 12.8 Stale governments _ _ _ _ 6 5 Local governments _ _ _ _ 1 1 Endowment earnings . . . 85 4, 569 13,812 79 Private gifts and grants _ _ _ _ _ 123 53.9 38.6 Related activities _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 .3 .2 Other educational and general . . . . 78 784 3.1 2.2 Total . . . . 124 25,619 9,014 1,176 100.0 71.5 Auxiliary enterprises 112 25.2 Student-aid income _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 3.3 Total current income _ _ _ _ 124 35, 809 100.0 VII. OTHER PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: Student fees.. . 107 24, 501 671 43.6 39.3 Federal Government: Veterans' tuition and fees . . . 93 1.2 l.l Land-grant institutions. . . . 0 Research . . . . 15 1,745 246 3.1 2.8 Other purposes . . . . . . 42 .4 .4 State governments.. . . . . . . . . 21 2,735 62 4.9 4.4 Local governments . 6 .1 .1 Endowment earnings _ _ _ _ _ 43 2,035 8, 481 15,161 618 3.6 3.2 Private gifts and grants . . . 66 15.1 13.6 Related activities. . . . . . . . . 29 26.9 24.3 Other educational and general. . . 71 1.1 1.0 Total . . . . . 110 56. 255 100.0 90.2 Auxiliary enterprises . . . . 77 5, 659 475 9.1 Student-aid income . . . . . 52 .7 Total current income . . . no 62, 389 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 37 Table X.— Percentage analysis , current income , by type of institution and by source of income: 1955-56— Continued C. Pbitatbi.t Contbolled Institutions — Continued Percent * Type of institution source of income Number of institutions reporting Amount reported * Of educa¬ tional and general income Of total current income l 2 3 4 5 VIII. JUNIOR COLLEGES* Educational and general: Student fees . . . . 205 24, 234 67.2 42.0 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees . . . . . 70 339 .9 .6 Research . . . . 1 165 .5 .3 Other purposes . . . . 41 45 .1 .1 State governments . . . . . . 8 401 1.1 .7 Local governments . . . . 10 746 2.1 1.3 Endowment earnings . . . . . . 109 1,432 4.0 2.5 Private gifts and grants . . . . . . 176 7,636 21.2 13.2 Related activities . . . . . 31 157 .4 .3 Other educational and general . . . . . 128 913 2.5 1.6 Total . . . 213 36. 068 100.0 62.6 Auxiliary enterprises 200 21,112 487 36.6 Student-aid income . . . . 86 .8 Total current income _ _ 213 57, 667 100.0 * In thousands of dollars. Each group of institutions (e.g., publicly controlled institutions, privately controlled tech¬ nological schools, etc.) is rounded independently of other groups. Horizontal totals (col. 3) and national totals (of all institutions) may therefore not coincide with the sum of their component parts. 2 Based on unrounded figures. * Less than 0 05 of 1 percent. * Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. Student Fees Income from students for fees (matriculation, tuition, laboratory, library, health, and other fees, but not charges for rooms or meals) amounted to nearly three-quarters of a billion dollars in 1955-56. The exact figure of $725,925,526, which covered the entire United States including the outlying parts, represents an increase of $171,- 746,595, or 31 percent, over the $554,178,931 reported for this item for 1953-54. These figures include only tuition and fees regularly paid by students themselves or for them by their relatives or philan¬ thropic groups of one sort or another; payments of tuition and fees by the Federal Government for veterans of World War II, amounting to approximately $15.6 million in 1955-56, are not included. Not included in the more than $725 million in student fees is an item of $5,274,745 collected from students and used for plant-expansion or debt-retirement purposes (table XI). Of this amount $3,811,383, or 72.3 percent, was collected at 36 publicly controlled institutions, and $1,463,362 (27.7 percent) at 20 privately controlled institutions. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 The total represents an increase of more than 60 percent over the approximately $3.2 million reported for this item by 45 institutions in 1953-54. That year being the first one for which data on this subject were collected by this Office, comparison with 1951-52 or earlier years is not available. Closely related to the matter of student fees as a total figure is that of fees per full-time student. Data on this point for 1955-56 were collected from 1,720 institutions (92.6 percent of the total in the Nation). The inquiry, carried in a questionnaire, not reproduced here in full, was: What is the approximate typical charge in tuition and required fees for the current academic year? Answer this question on the basis of charges to the typical undergraduate, nonveteran, in-State and full-time student. Do not include charges for board and room, nor voluntary fees for student activities, intercollegiate athletics, etc. Approximate typical charge (academic year) _ $ _ These data, analyzed by control and type of institution, show that as a rule institutions under private control charged considerably higher rates per full-time undergraduate student for tuition and other fees than those charged by institutions under public control (table XII). The ratio ranged from a little less than 2 to 1 in the group of miscellaneous “other professional schools’’ to 4 to 1 in the group of technological schools. Table XI. — Institutions collecting fees from students for plant expansion or debt retirement: 1953-54 and 1955-56 By control All institutions Type, race Public Private Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount l 2 3 4 5 6 7 1955-56 Total i _ _ _ _ _ 56 55, 274, 745 36 53, 811, 383 20 $1, 463, 362 Universities _ 15 3, 347, 702 12 2, 437, 832 3 909, 870 Liberal-arts colleges _ _ _ . ... 18 941,518 7 573,911 11 367, 607 Teachers colleges 12 350, 026 12 350, 026 Technological schools _ _ _ _ 1 311,001 1 311.001 Other professional schools. . . 5 291,246 1 124, 840 4 166, 406 Junior colleges 2_. _ _ _ _ 5 33, 252 3 13, 773 2 19, 479 By predominant race of students: White. . . . . . 53 5, 044, 864 34 3, 585, 018 19 1,459, 846 Negro _ _ _ _ 3 229, 881 2 226, 365 1 3,516 1953-54 Total _ _ 45 3, 231, 815 29 2, 738, 542 16 493, 273 1 No theological schools reported this item in 1953-54 or 1955-56. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 39 These data, it should be remembered, are median rates per year per full-time student in each of the various groups. They show that of the 582 publicly controlled institutions reporting in the fall of 1955 (all types of institution being represented except theological schools, none of which is under Government control) the median charge for tuition and fees per full-time undergraduate student resident in the State where he was attending school was $119. For the typical under¬ graduate student in one of the 1,138 privately controlled institutions, the corresponding median rate was $421, or three times that in publicly controlled institutions. In like manner, at 227 junior colleges under public control the median rate was $109; at 199 under private control, it was $328, or 3 times greater. No calculations have been made of medians for all institutions regardless of control; a figure of this character would be of doubtful value, except possibly for chrono¬ logical comparisons. Tab!e XII. — Median annual tuition and fees per full-time student , by control and type of institution: 1955-56 Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions Item Number Tuition rate per student Number Tuition rate per student l 2 3 4 5 All institutions _ _ _ 582 5119 1, 138 5421 By type: Universities . . . . . . . 80 173 60 615 Liberal arts Colleges . 81 120 612 438 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 127 23 286 technological schools . . . . . 17 159 21 638 Theological schools 0 116 227 Other professional schools.. . . . . . ... 10 300 107 567 Junior colleges 1 _ _ _ _ 227 109 199 328 By predominant race of students: White.. . . . . . 547 119 1,077 61 433 Negro . . . . . ... . . 35 116 258 i Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. Public Sources In 1955-56 the total amount of contributions by Federal, State, and local governments toward the current expenses of higher edu¬ cation came to $1,492,384,482 (table XIII). This amount, which covers the U.S. service academies and the institutions in the out¬ lying parts of the United States, was 18.5 percent more than the $1,259,296,802 reported for 1953-54. Of the 1955-56 total, one- 509159—59 - i 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 third (33.1 percent) came from Federal funds and three-fifths (59.7 percent) from State funds. The remaining 7.2 percent came from local sources. Corresponding percents for 1953-54 were: Federal, 33.3, State, 59.7, local, 7.0. This distribution is very similar to that for 1955-56. From 1953-54 to 1955-56, contributions of local governments (cities, counties, school districts, and the like) increased proportionally more rapidly (21.2 percent) than those of State governments (18.6 percent), or those of the Federal Government (17.7 percent). The increase of $74 million in Federal contributions is almost entirely accounted for by the increase in grants or appropriations for research, which amounted to something like $73 million. The other increases of $22 million for land grant institutions and $8 million for miscellaneous purposes were offset in large measure by a decrease of $29 million in payments of tuition and fees for military veterans by the Veterans’ Administration. Federal grants for research amounted to $355,575,563 (tables XIII and XIV). Approximately 42 percent of this amount went to 115 publicly controlled institutions and 58 percent to 126 privately controlled. More than three-fourths (77.7 percent) went to universi¬ ties, the payments being divided fairly evenly between those under public control and those under private control. Another 19.9 percent went to technological schools, principally to those under private control. The remaining 2.4 percent went to liberal-arts colleges, teachers colleges, other professional schools, and junior colleges. No grants were made to independent schools of theology. A little more than $1,127,000 (not quite 0.32 of 1 percent of the total) went to institutions located outside continental United States. Table XIII. — Educational and general income from public sources: 1951-52, 1953-54 , and 1955-56 Source 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent l 2 3 4 5 6 7 Federal Government for — Veterans' Administration . Land-grant institutions . Research . . . Other purposes . . Total, Federal Government. State governments . . Local governments . Grand total . . $147,512,828 49, 376, 038 221, 104.544 35,418, 293 12. S 4.3 19.3 3.1 $44, 367, 760 50, 551,637 282,379,078 42, 244, 218 3.5 4.0 22.4 3.4 $15. 637,185 72,616, 307 355, 575, 563 50, 056, 477 1.0 4.9 23.8 3.4 453, 411.703 620, 588, 105 72,012, 986 39.6 54.1 6.3 419,542,693 751,556,015 88, 198, 094 33.3 59.7 7.0 493,885,532 891.599, 599 106, 899,351 33.1 59.7 7.2 1, 146, 012, 794 100.0 1, 259, 296, 802 100.0 1, 492, 384,482 100.0 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 41 In 1953-54 the amount going to these institutions was less than $400,000. State appropriations for current expenses increased from a little over $751 million in 1953-54 to more than $891 million in 1955-56. Appropriations by local governments increased from $88 million in 1953-54 to nearly $107 million in 1955-56. Endowment Earnings Earnings of endowment and other nonexpendable funds in 1955-56 amounted to $145,040,135 for the entire United States (continental plus outlying parts). For continental United States only, the figure was $145,000,387, which exceeded the 1953-54 figure of $127,475,368 by $17,525,019, or 13.7 percent. Of the 1955-56 total for the entire United States, $16,284,588, or 11.2 percent, was reported by 121 institutions under public control and $128,755,547 (88.8 percent) by 793 under private control. This distribution is not greatly different from that for continental United States for 1949-50, which was public, 9.2 percent and private, 90.8 percent. The earnings of endowed funds have experienced what would appear to be a great increase in the 26 years since 1929-30. In that year the total recorded for continental United States was $68,604,947. In 1955-56 the corresponding total was $145,000,387, which exceeded the earlier figure by $76,395,947, or 111.4 percent. During this same period, however, the per capita income of the United States Table XIV. — Federal grants for research , by type and control of institution: 1955-56 Type of institution All institutions By control Public Private 1 2 3 4 Aggregate United States _ _ _ _ 355, 575, 563 149, 925, 563 205, 650, 009 Universities . . . . . . 276, 333,418 5, 260. 895 136, 899 70, 722, 629 2,915,167 206, 555 145,952,124 973, 777 57, 383 1,730, 893 1,170,098 41,288 130, 381,294 4, 287,118 79, 516 68,991,736 1,745.069 165,267 Liberal-arts colleges . . . . Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ Technological schools _ _ _ _ _ Other professional schools _ Junior colleges 1 . . . . . Outlying parts of the United States 2 1, 127, 652 1, 127, 652 Universities * _ _ _ 372,410 755, 242 372,410 755, 242 Liberal-arts colleges 2 _ _ _ _ ... » Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 1 Included above. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-1956 (not including outlying parts) rose from $703 in 1929 to $1,846 in 1955, an increase of 162.6 percent. Thus, the actual increase in endowment earnings is considerably less than the increase in per capita personal income. Again, the resident college enrollment in continental United States in November 1955 (2,637,245) was 2.1 times that in 1929-30 (1,100,737). The total endowment earnings per student in 1955-56 ($54.95) was thus less than in 1929-30 ($62.33). In like manner, the endowment earnings per student in publicly controlled institutions (still in terms of continental United States only) dropped from $11.84 in 1929-30 to $11.21 in 1955-56, while those in privately controlled institutions dropped from $110.42 to $108.47. These averages are based on enrollments for all institutions; averages based on those receiving funds from this source would naturally be somewhat higher. In 1955-56 philanthropically minded individuals, religious organiza¬ tions, foundations, corporations, and other groups interested in higher education contributed more than $245 million to the educational and general funds of 1,284 of the 1,858 institutions in the Nation. The exact figure of $245,539,085 constituted 8.5 percent of the total educa¬ tional and general income reported by all institutions, which was only a little less than $2,882 million. The $245 million included $454,525 for institutions in the outlying parts and $245,084,560 for those in continental United States. This latter figure constituted 8.6 percent of the $2,859,268,500 total educational and general income of the 1,850 institutions in continental United States. The corresponding percent for those institutions in 1953-54 was 8.2; in 1951-52 it was 7.4. The 1955-56 figure of $245 million income for current gifts may differ somewhat from the amount of cash actually received by institu¬ tions for this purpose, since data reported to this Office but not thor¬ oughly anatyzed indicate that at least 10 percent, and possibly as many as 35 to 40 percent, of institutions receiving gifts of this type reported them only to the extent that they were used during the fiscal year of their receipt. The loss occasioned by this seeming under¬ reporting is, of course, offset to an extent by reporting for the current year gifts received during a previous year but utilized during the year under review. Of the total of nearly a quarter of a billion dollars in private gifts and grants for current purposes (entire United States), 19.7 percent was reported by 183 institutions under public control and 80.3 percent by 1,101 institutions under private control. The total number of institutions receiving gifts was therefore 1,284, or 69 percent of the 1,858 in the Nation. This total of private gifts and grants for current purposes included cash contributions of $18,710,212 (7.6 percent of the total) from alumni HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 43 (reported by 573 institutions). It also included $39,094,079 (15.9 per¬ cent) from churches and their subsidiary organizations (637 institu¬ tions) and $155,120,442 (63.2 percent) from individuals, corporations, and others. These figures add up to $212,924,733, or 86.7 percent of the total of private gifts and grants. Contributed Service The remaining $32,614,352 (13.3 percent of the total) was in the form of contributed service, also referred to as nonsalaried or voluntary service (table XV). The amount of this service reported for 1955-56 exceeds the $24,993,383 reported for 1953-54 by $7,720,969, or 30.9 percent. It is more than 6 times the approximately $5 million reported for 1931-32, the first year of data collection on this service. Of special interest is the amount of contributed service reported at institutions under public control. Whereas the amount reported by institutions of this description in 1951-52 was only a little over $630,000, in 1953-54 it was a little over $2 million, and in 1955-56 only a little short Table XY .—Estimated value of contributed service, by control and type of institution: 1931-32 to 1955-56 Area, year.J type of institution All institutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States 1931-32 _ _ _ 141 $5, 102, 905 7 $243, 350 134 $4, 859, 555 1933-34 _ _ _ _ 160 6,077,877 6 82, 800 154 5, 995,077 1935-36 . . . . . 170 6,626,715 3 64, 574 167 6, 562, 141 1937-38 . . . . . . 198 7, 176, 944 8 61,763 190 7,115,181 1939-40 . . . . . . 187 7, 928, 519 4 282, 908 183 7,645,611 1941-42 . . . . . 192 8,610,378 3 230, 194 189 8, 380, 184 1943-44... . . . . . 159 7,274, 767 5 249, 481 154 7, 025, 286 1947-48 . . . . 217 14,449,199 1 496,375 216 13, 952, 824 1949-50... . . . 264 17, 782, 365 7 564, 668 257 17,217,697 1951-52 . . . . 267 20, 285,661 8 633, 168 259 19, 652, 493 1953-54. . . . 267 24, 804, 983 9 2, 076, 773 258 22, 728,210 1955-56. . . . 279 32,380,211 7 1,933, 635 272 30, 446, 596 Aggregate United States 1949-50 . . . . . 264 17, 782, 365 7 564,668 257 17,2U, 697 1951-52 . . 268 20,385, 661 8 633, 168 260 19,752, 493 1953-54 . . . 269 24, 993, 383 9 2,076, 773 260 22,916,610 1955-56: Ail institutions2. . . 281 32, 614, 352 7 1, 933, 635 274 30, 680, 717 Universities . . 22 8,025, 350 4 1,586, 425 18 6,438, 925 Liberal arts colleges. . . . 186 21,048, 899 186 21,048, 899 Teachers colleges . 9 684,615 1 23,910 8 650, 705 Theological schools . . . 18 645, 194 18 645, 194 Other professional schools . . . 10 717,886 2 323,300 8 394, 586 Junior colleges 3 . 36 1,492, 408 36 1, 492, 408 1 Data not collected for 1945-46. 2 No service of this kind reported by technological schools in 1955-56. * Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 of that amount. In like manner, the proportion of total contributed service reported by publicly controlled institutions rose from 3.1 per¬ cent in 1951-52 to 8.3 percent in 1953-54, but dropped to 5.9 percent in 1955-56. An analysis of this service by type of institution indicates that nearly 65 percent of it went to liberal-arts colleges. Universities re¬ ceived nearly 25 percent of the total; other types of institutions, except technological schools, accounted for the other 10 percent. Schools of this type reported no income from this source. In 1955-56, as in 1951-52 and 1953-54, this contributed service amounted to a little more than 1 percent of the total of all educational and general income. Gifts unrestricted as to purpose amounted to $60,932,131, or 24.8 percent of the total private gifts and grants for current purposes. These unrestricted gifts were reported by 42 institutions under public control ($1,200,506) and 715 institutions under private control ($59,731,625). Related Activities Sales and services of instructional departments and of organized activities related to them are frequently referred to briefly as “related activities. ” The term includes all the incidental earnings of an in¬ stitution, such as sales of livestock or dairy products of an agricultural school; tuition and other income of a laboratory school, a demonstra¬ tion school, or a museum; fees for care at a medical or dental clinic; and other income of this nature derived from services directly con¬ nected with the instructional program of the institution. The total of 1955-56 income from related activities, as reported by 479 institutions, came to $192,406,342, which was 6.7 percent of the total educational and general income of the entire group of 1,858 institutions included in the present compilation. Publicly controlled institutions reported $111,388,344 (6.8 percent of their total) and privately controlled, $81,017,998 (6.6 percent of their total). Medical and dental hospitals and clinics received nearly $135 million (70 percent of the total of income from this source) and schools of agriculture reported a little over $23 million (12 percent). The remaining $34 million (18 percent) wras reported for other facilities, as listed above. Other Educational Income The “other income” account of an institution of higher education includes that income which is either so incidental in its nature, so HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 45 irregular in its frequency, or so minor in its amount as to make its classification difficult or impractical. The most common types of “other income” are probably (1) interest on current funds (Dot interest on funds which are regularly or usually invested); (2) rent of institutional property for noninstitutional purposes (e.g., part or all of a college plant for a conference on religious, social, or other matters not specifically included in the institution’s instructional program); (3) transcript fees of students; (4) library fines; and possibly other minor items. This miscellaneous income from other sources amounted to $80,463,818, or 2.8 percent of the educational and general total for 1955-56. Total Educational and General Income The $2,881,759,388 income for educational and general purposes amounted to 79.4 percent of the total of all current income reported for 1955-56. This was exactly the same percent as was reported for 1953-54, when the total of educational and general income was a little more than $2.3 billion. For the publicly controlled institutions in 1955-56 this percent was 81.2; for the privately controlled it was 77.1. Chronological Shifts When the total educational and general income for 1955-56 is compared with that for 1945-46, 1935-36, and 1925-26, certain shifts in the relative importance of the various sources of income become apparent (table XVI). Internal sources. — Dependence of higher education on internal sources seems to have fluctuated somewhat during the 30-year period, with the general trend downward from nearly half (45.9 percent) in 1925-26 to a bare one-third (34.7 percent) in 1955-56. From 1945-46, however, there was an increase both in total from internal sources and in student fees. Income from sales and services of related activities decreased and that from miscellaneous sources increased, the two shifts balancing each other percentagewise. Philanthropy. — In 1925-26 philanthropy (private gifts and grants plus endow¬ ment earnings) accounted for 18.8 percent of the total educational and general income of all higher education in continental United States. In 1935-36 the corresponding percent was 19.8. In 1945-46 it was 17.8 for continental United States and 17.7 for the entire (aggregate) United States. In 1955-56 it stood at 13.5 for the entire United States (continental plus outlying parts). Private gifts and grants (present philanthropy) moved up from 4.7 percent of the 1925-26 total to 8.5 percent of that for 1955-56. Earnings of permanent funds, however (the outcome of past philanthropy), dropped from 14.1 percent in 1925-26 to only 5 percent in 1955-56. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Public sources. — Perhaps the most obvious fact here is that Federal funds devoted to the current purposes of higher education increased from a bare $16 million in 1925-26 to more than $490 million (nearly half a billion) in 1955-56, the latter figure being more than 30 times the former one. Large as the 1955-56 figure is, it still is below the $526,475,362 contributed by the Federal Government in 1947-48, when the veterans’ education program was about at its peak. Thus it is not surprising that Federal contributions have also increased greatly in proportionate importance. In 1925-26 they accounted for 4.6 percent (less than one-twentieth) of the educational and general total, but they came to well over one-sixth (17.1 percent) of the 1955-56 total. State and local governments also increased their contributions to higher educa¬ tion, but at a less rapid rate than the Federal Government — from 30.7 percent in 1925-26 to 34.7 percent in 1955-56. State and local contributions in 1955-56 totaled almost exactly $1 billion (the exact figure was $998,498,950) ; this amount was a little more than nine times the $109,157,246 received from these sources in 1925-26. It is only fair to point out that data for 1955-56 include all institu¬ tions in both continental United States and the outlying parts. Data for 1925-26 and 1935-36 include only continental United States. Those for 1945-46 appear in two forms, one inclusive and one exclusive of the outlying parts. Comparison of the two analyses for 1945-46 suggests that the change of basis from continental to aggregate United States does not affect the conclusions to any great extent. Auxiliary Enterprise Income An authoritative volume defines auxiliary enterprises as “enter¬ prises operated primarily for service to students and staff and * * * intended to be self-supporting.”6 In many instances the services of these enterprises are made available to the noncollege public of their respective communities when this can be done without impairing their usefulness to the college or university community and without com¬ peting with local business interests. Examples of auxiliary enterprises include student dormitories, dining halls, cafeterias, student social centers (unions), bookstores, student hospitals, faculty housing, intercollegiate athletic programs (if not operated as part of the instruction program), lectures, concerts, indus¬ trial plants operated on a student self-help basis, university presses, and the like. Income of these auxiliary enterprises was reported by 1,678 institu¬ tions, of which 549 were publicly controlled and 1,129 privately con- ! College and University Business Administration, Vol. I, p. 137. Washington: American Council on Education, 1952. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 47 Table XVI .-—Income for educational and general purposes, by source: 1925—26 , 1935-36 , 1945-46 , and 1955-56 Item Continental United States Aggregate United States 1925-26 » 1935-36 1945-46 1945-46 1955-56 1 2 3 4 5 6 AMOUNT Internal Sources Student fees . . . . $107, 460, 123 <*) » 55, 744,243 $158,134,025 (1 2) 2 51,897,813 $214, 344,194 67, 083, 673 22, 779, 116 $215,046,245 67,345.866 22, 959,517 $725, 925, 526 192, 406, 342 80, 463, 818 Sales and services . . . Total internal sources . . . 163, 204, 366 210,031,838 304. 206, 983 305,351,628 998, 795, 686 Philanthropic Sources Private gifts and grants _ 16, 835,010 49, 955, 538 37,115, 240 60, 090,075 77, 572, 200 89, 762,843 77, 640, 309 89,819, 556 245, 539, 085 145,040,135 Endowment earnings _ Total philanthropic sources.... 66, 790, 548 97, 205, 315 167, 335,043 167, 459, 865 390, 579, 220 Public Sources Federal Government _ 16, 144, 147 3 109,157,246 O) 43,233, 704 119, 585,147 21,049. 547 209,250,216 225, 161,280 31,004,711 210,284,633 231,316, 660 31,004,711 493, 885, 532 891.599, 599 106, 899,351 State governments _ Local governments.. . . . Total public sources _ 125,301,393 183, 868, 398 465,416,207 472, 606, 004 1,492, 384,482 Grand total _ 355, 296, 307 491, 105, 551 936, 953, 233 945, 417, 497 2, 881, 759, 388 PERCENT Internal Sources Student fees _ . 30.2 32.2 22.9 22.8 25.2 Sales and services . . . O) 2 15.7 O) 2 10.6 7.2 7.1 6.7 Miscellaneous sources _ 2.4 2.4 2.8 Total internal sources... . 45.9 42.8 32.5 32.3 34.7 Philanthropic Sources Private gifts and grants.. _ _ 4.7 7.6 8.2 8.2 8.5 Endowment earnings _ 14.1 12.2 9.6 9.5 5.0 Total philanthropic sources.... 18.8 19.8 17.8 17.7 13.5 Public Sources Federal Government _ 4.6 8.8 22.4 22.2 17.1 State governments _ _ 3 30.7 24.3 24.0 24.5 30.9 Local governments _ O) 4.3 3.3 3.3 3.8 Total public sources _ 35.3 37.4 49.7 50.0 51.8 Grand total _ _ _ 103.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 Income for all current and plant expansion purposes. 2 Sales and services included as part of miscellaneous sources. * Income from local governments included with that from State governments. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES AGGREGATE UNITED STATES Student Fees Federal Government ~\\ State and Local Funds || Endowment Earnings | Private Gifts and Grants |j Other Sources 1925-26 1935-36 1945-46 1945-46 1955-56 Figure 1. — Percentage analysis of educational and general income institutions of higher education, by control and source: 1925—26, 1935—36, 1945—46 and 1955-56. Percent 100 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 49 trolled (table X). Of the 180 institutions without activities of this description, 106 were under public control. Fifty-five of the latter were junior colleges so situated that their administrative authorities felt no real need for these activities. The total income of these activities for all institutions reporting in 1955-56 was approximately $694 million. The exact figure of $693,974,509 (table XVII) was 19.1 percent of the total income of all higher education (table X). The proportion of auxiliary enterprise to total income ran higher in institutions under private control (22.1 percent) than in those under public control (17.6 percent). Of the total, nearly $405 million was collected at or for student dormitories, dining halls, and cafeterias. The remaining $289 million represented the income of other auxiliary enterprises as described above. Table XVII.— Auxiliary enterprise fund operations , by purpose: 1955-56 Receipts Expenditures Item Total Residence and dining halls Other enter¬ prises Total Residence and dining halls Other enter¬ prises 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All institutions . S693, 974, 509 $404, 637, 944 $289, 336, 565 $639, 720, 731 $354, 837, 423 $284, 883, 308 Publicly controlled... 357,345,740 186, 486, 072 170, 859, 668 331, 216, 586 167, 910, 982 163, 305, 604 Privately controlled... 336, 628, 769 218, 151, 872 118, 476, 897 308, 504, 145 186, 926, 441 121, 577, 704 Universities. . . 345,755,068 168, 681,808 177,073, 260 326, 079, 102 153, 505, 735 172, 573, 367 Publicly controlled . 235,666,257 108, 827, 576 126, 838, 681 220,190,632 98, 340, 198 121, 850, 434 Privately controlled . 110, 088,811 59, 854, 232 50, 234, 579 105, 888, 470 55, 165,537 50, 722,933 Liberal-arts colleges . 215, 884,345 148, 922,389 66, 961, 956 196, 126, 926 126, 805, 574 69,321,352 Publicly controlled . 38, 209, 172 23,610,127 14, 599, 045 35, 174, 098 21,104, 053 14, 070, 045 Privately controlled _ 177,675, 173 125,312, 262 52,362,911 160, 952, 828 105, 701,521 55, 251, 307 Teachers colleges . 54, 778, 565 38,812, 075 15, 966, 490 48, 787,314 33,939, 777 14,847, 537 Publicly controlled . 52, 791, 701 37,316, 757 15,474, 944 47,057, 895 32,672, 051 14,385, 844 Privately controlled _ 1,986, 864 1,495,318 491, 546 1,729,419 1,267,726 461,693 Technological schools . 23, 868,614 14, 887, 348 8, 981, 266 22, 107, 259 14, 228, 905 7,878, 354 Publicly controlled .... 12,776,010 8, 728, 736 4, 047,274 11,644,816 8,316, 291 3,328, 525 Privately controlled . 11,092, 604 6,158,612 4,933, 992 10, 462,443 5,912,614 4, 549, 829 Theological schools (all pri¬ vately controlled) . 9,014,512 6, 782, 239 2,232,273 8,950,112 6,079, 290 2,870,822 Other professional schools.. 7,639,612 3,673, 966 3, 965,646 7, 175,690 3,471,207 3, 704,483 Publicly controlled . 1,980,905 1,115,779 865, 126 2, 020,011 1,108,618 911,393 Privately controlled . 5,658, 707 2, 558, 187 3, 100, 520 5,155,679 2, 362, 589 2, 793, 090 Junior colleges «.. . 37,033, 793 22,878,119 14,155,674 30, 494, 328 16, 806, 935 13,687, 393 Publicly controlled _ 15, 921,695 6, 887, 097 9,034, 598 15, 129, 134 6, 369, 771 8, 759, 363 Privately controlled . 21,112, 098 15, 991,022 5,121,076 15,365,194 10,437, 164 4,928,030 1 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college level work immediately beyond the high school* 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 As might be expected, almost exactly half (49.8 percent) of the total income of these enterprises was reported by universities, with other groups ranging down to theological schools (1.3 percent of the total of $694 million) and the miscellaneous group of “other professional schools” (1.1 percent). Student Aid Income In 1955-56 funds received for use in awarding fellowships, scholar¬ ships, prizes, and other forms of student aid not involving the rendering of service to the institution or repayment of the award were received by 1,391 institutions, of which 303 were publicly controlled and 1,008 privately controlled (table XVIII). The total amount made available was more than $99 million, of which $53 million included earnings of endowed fellowships, scholarships, prize funds, and the like (nearly $17 million); gifts and grants from philanthropically minded individu¬ als, foundations, and corporations in the form of funds for immediate use ($23 million); and direct appropriations from Federal, State, or local governing bodies for immediate use ($14 million). All these figures represent increases over their 1953-54 counterparts, that of public appropriations going from less than $3 million in 1953-54 to a little more than $14 million in 1955-56. The other $46 million represent the use of general funds for student- aid purposes at institutions where need for this aid was recognized as in excess of income specially designated for that purpose. A review of the reports received from the 1,858 institutions in the Nation (not published here in detail) indicates that 1,072, or 57.7 percent of the total, made transfers of this sort. Of the 655 publicly controlled institutions, 266 (34.5 percent) made this transfer, a little less than $10 million being involved. Of the 1,203 privately controlled institutions, 846 (70.3 percent) transferred well over $36 million from general funds to funds in aid of scholarship. Plant Fund Receipts In 1955-56 a total of nearly $826 million was received by institutions of higher education in the United States (including outlying parts) for the purchase of new sites, construction or major remodeling of buildings, purchase of equipment, and other items tending to increase the physical holdings of the various institutions (table XIX). This amount is nearly 176 percent of the corresponding total of receipts for 1953-54, but not quite 156 percent of that for 1949-50. It is nearly 125 times (1,245.7 percent) that for 1939-40. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 51 Of the grand total of $825,999,967 for this item in 1955-56, $437,- 074,170 (52.9 percent) came from public appropriations ($253,312,698) and from various nonpublic sources ($183,761,472). The other $388,925,797 (47.1 percent) included borrowings amounting to $167,404,722 from noninstitutional sources (bond issues, mortgages, notes, bank loans, Federal Housing and Home Finance Agency, etc.) and to $23,474,499 from interfund borrowings within the institutions concerned. Transfers from current to plant funds (not borrowings) amounting to $198,046,576 completed the total of receipts for this purpose. Of this same grand total (nearly $826 million), publicly controlled institutions received a little more than $500 million (60.6 percent) and privately controlled $326 million (39.4 percent). Universities (public and private) received 50.6 percent, liberal-arts colleges 27.3 percent, and junior colleges 5.9 percent. Teachers colleges received 9.5 percent. The remaining 6.7 percent was reported by techno¬ logical schools (3 percent), theological schools (1.7), and other pro¬ fessional schools (2 percent). Institutions attended exclusively or predominantly by white persons received 97.7 percent of the total, the remaining 2.3 percent (amounting to between $18 and $19 million) going to institutions attended predominantly or entirely by Negroes. Included among the $40.6 million of plant funds received from “other sources” was $5,274,745, already referred to as collected in the form of student fees at 56 institutions, but specifically designated for either plant expansion or retirement of indebtedness against the plant (table XI). The bulk of this collection was at institutions under public control, where the tuition rate is traditionally lower than at institutions under private control. No theological institutions reported collections of this nature. Data have not been assembled to establish the point beyond question, but there is reason to suppose that most of the collections reported under this heading were for the purpose of funding obliga¬ tions on student-union buildings and other facilities of a recreational type. It is not likely that collections for the retirement of indebted¬ ness on dormitories are included to any great extent, as these are usually handled by rentals collected from the occupants of those buildings. Table XVIII. — Student-aid fund operations , by type and control of institution: 1955-56 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 53 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table XIX. — Plant fund receipts , institutions of higher education , aggregate United States,1 by source: 1939—40, 1949-50, 1953—54, and 1955—56. Source 1939-40 1949-50 1953-54 1955-56 1 2 3 4 5 AMOUNTS Federal Government _ _ _ _ _ _ $22, 987, 061 18, 486, 322 2, 154,087 645,617 6, 162, 461 15,870, 020 $12, 362, 046 285, 233, 933 19, 372, 958 8, 087,961 22, 750, 267 41,790, 781 79,923, 358 $8, 380, 040 132, 896, 562 13, 955, 969 18, 793, 678 33, 097, 546 52, 008, 766 32, 895, 760 $13, 267, 280 222, 750, 765 17,294,653 28, 325,613 49, 487, 207 65. 364, 209 40, 584, 443 State governments _ _ _ Local governments _ _ _ _ Churches _ _ Other income _ _ _ Total income. _ _ _ _ 66, 305, 568 469, 521, 304 292, 028, 321 110,143,711 22, 801,907 45, 365,657 437, 074, 170 167, 404,722 23, 474,499 198, 046, 576 Loans: Noninstitutional _ Interfund _ Interfund transfers _ _ _ 60, 914, 162 Total receipts _ _ 66,305, 568 530,435,466 470, 339, 596 825, 999, 967 PERCENTAGE ANALYSES Federal Government _ 34.7 2.3 1.8 1.6 State governments _ _ _ 27.9 53.8 28.2 27.0 Local governments _ 3.2 3.6 3.0 2.1 Churches _ _ _ _ _ 1.0 1.5 4.0 3.4 Foundations and corporations . . . . 9.3 4.3 7.0 6.0 individuals _ _ _ 23.9 7.9 11.1 7.9 Other income _ _ _ _ _ 15.1 7.0 4.9 Total income.. .. _ 100.0 88.5 62.1 52.9 Loans: Noninstitutional _ _ _ _ _ _ 23.4 20.3 Interfund _ 4.9 2.8 Interfund transfers _ 11.5 9.6 24.0 Total receipts _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 i Includes continental United States and all outlying parts which maintain higher education facilities (Alaska, Canal Zone, Guam, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico). Loans to Plant Funds The borrowing of more than $167 million from noninstitutional sources and the diversion of more than $23 million to plant funds from other funds, just mentioned, resulted in a total borrowing of $190,879,221 (table XX). A total of $62,000,930 was repaid during the year. The amount of institutional indebtedness was thus in¬ creased by $128,878,271 (from $766,504,385 at the beginning of the fiscal year to $895,382,676 at its end). Publicly controlled institutions increased their total indebtedness from a little less than $481 million to more than $552 million. They reduced their interfund, intrainstitutional loans by $11,007, with $7,905,805 outstanding at the beginning of the year, as compared to $7,894,798 outstanding at the end of the year. Privately controlled institutions increased their indebtedness from a little less than $286 million at the beginning of the fiscal year to nearly $343 million at its end. Table XX.— Loans to plant funds, by type and control of institution and by type of loan: 1955-56 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 55 509159-59- -5 Table XX. — Loans to plant funds, by type and control of institution and by type of loan: 1955-56 — Continued 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Type of institution Junior colleges > PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS— Continued 172,918 326, 291 172,418 326, 791 PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS $5,904,982 1,807,218 1, 173,350 6,538,850 5,472,080 1,392,986 1, 020, 026 5,845,040 432, 902 414, 232 153, 324 693, 810 ii ii 00 83, 361 169, 943 0 253, 304 $6,251,321 1, 135, 970 270, 834 7,116, 457 4, 579, 875 983, 091 270, 658 5, 292, 308 1,671,446 152, 879 176 1, 824, 149 Theological schools r* $7,419, 392 987,915 971,277 7,436,030 6,718,041 753, 499 786,912 6, 684,628 701,351 234,416 184,365 751,402 Technological schools to 174, 773 0 0 174, 773 $11,150,073 263, 000 1, 201, 289 10,211,784 8, 997, 320 0 626,673 8, 370, 647 2,152,753 263, 000 574, 616 1,841, 137 Teachers colleges IA 83, 576 46, 705 129, 201 1,080 $984, 036 37, 075 49, 960 971,151 984, 036 34, 000 49, 960 968, 076 0 3,075 0 3, 075 Liberal arts colleges ** 742,678 195, 176 654, 972 282, 882 $138, 496, 987 55,160, 364 16,515, 228 177, 142, 123 100, 864, 849 43, 082, 845 13, 353, 593 130, 594, 101 37,632,138 12, 077,519 3, 161,635 46, 548, 022 Universities CO 6, 648, 499 1,901,291 1,693,822 6, 855, 968 $115, 428, 627 28, 840, 198 10,811,677 133,457,148 76, 477,391 21,150, 226 5, 270, 442 92,357,175 38, 951,236 7,689, 972 5, 541, 235 41,099, 973 Total W 7,905, 805 2,639, 406 2,650,413 7, 894, 798 $285, 635,418 88, 231,740 30, 993,615 342, 873, 543 204, 093, 592 67,396,647 21,378, 264 250,111,975 81,541,826 20, 835, 093 9,615, 351 92,761,568 Item rl Outstanding, beginning of year . Additions (money borrowed) _ _ _ Deductions (repayments) . . . . . Outstanding, end of year . . . All Loans Outstanding, beginning of year . Additions (money borrowed)... . . . Deductions (repayments) . . . . Outstanding, end of year . . . Outstanding, beginning of year . Additional (money borrowed) . . . . . . Deductions (repayments) _ _ _ _ _ _ Outstanding, end of year . . . . . Outstanding, beginning of year . Additions (money borrowed)... . . . . . Deductions (repayments) . Outstanding, end of year. . . . inity colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond the high school. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 57 Receipts for Endowment and Other Nonexpendable Funds More than $350 million was received for increase of the permanent or semipermanent funds of the 1,858 institutions of higher education in the Nation in 1955-56. The actual figure of $351,009,444 included $336,152,957 (95.8 percent) for endowment and funds so functioning, $3,629,084 (1 percent) for student loan funds, and $11,227,403 (3.2 percent) for funds subject to annuity agreements (table XXI). Of this grand total, approximately 80 percent was reported by institutions under private control, and not quite 20 percent by those under public control. Table XXI. — Receipts for endowment and other nonexpendable funds: 1955-56 Item All institu¬ tions By control Public Private 1 2 3 4 Endowment funds, total .. _ _ $336,152,957 $66, 787, 670 $269, 365, 287 Type of institution: Universities _ _ _ _ .. 198,310,174 94,455,114 613, 730 30, 888, 597 5, 714, 059 3, 289, 043 2, 882, 240 64,468, 664 1, 326, 954 105, 000 781, 249 133,841,510 93, 128, 160 508, 730 30, 107, 348 5,714, 059 3, 235, 821 2, 829,659 Liberal-arts colleges _ Teachers colleges _ ......... _ ... . . . Technological schools... _ _ _ Theological schools ... _ _ _ Other professional schools _ _ _ _ _ _ 53,222 52, 581 Junior colleges 1 _ _ _ _ . . Predominant race of students: White _ _ _ _ _ _ - 330, 470, 241 5, 682, 716 66, 787, 632 38 263, 682, 609 5, 682, 678 Negro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Student loan funds, total _ _ _ . _ 3, 629, 084 1, 384, 946 2, 244, 138 Type of institution: Universities . . . . . 2, 017, 532 1, 004, 928 97, 167 258, 239 92, 288 69,222 89, 708 1, 129, 730 75, 889 90, 421 43, 471 887, 802 929, 039 6, 746 214, 768 92, 288 52,223 61,272 Liberal-arts colleges Teachers colleges.. . _ ... _ _ . . . Technological schools . Theological schools _ _ ... _ _ _ _ Other professional schools _ _ _ ... . _ _ . 16, 999 28, 436 Junior colleges 1 _ _ _ _ ... . _ _ Predominant race of students: White _ _ _ _ _ _ 3, 593,911 35, 173 1, 370, 161 14, 785 2,223, 750 20, 388 Negro _ _ Annuity funds, total .. _ _ _ .. . 11, 227, 403 397, 196 10, 830, 207 Type of institution: Universities _ _ _ _ _ 3, 847, 646 6, 578, 506 438 272,461 303, 260 177,216 47,876 397, 196 3,450,450 6, 578, 506 438 272,461 303, 260 177,216 47, 876 Liberal-arts colleges Teachers colleges. _ _ ... _ ... Technological schools . . . .. _ _ _ _ Theological schools Other professional schools _ ... .. ... _ _ .. Junior colleges 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Predominant race of students: White _ 11,227,403 397, 196 10, 830,207 Negro _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ 1 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Just under three-fifths (58.2 percent) of the total was reported by universities and not quite three-tenths (29.1 percent) by liberal-arts colleges. The remaining one-eighth (12.7 percent) was scattered among the other groups ranging from technological schools (8.9 per¬ cent) to teachers colleges (0.2 of 1 percent). Institutions attended predominantly or exclusively by white persons received 98.4 percent of the total. The grand total of $351,009,444 for 1955-56 represents an increase of more than 83 percent over that of $191,269,442 for 1953-54. Of the 1955-56 total $197,148,226, or 56.2 percent, came in the form of private gifts and grants, including $186,238,728 for increase of endow¬ ment and funds so functioning, $1,974,249 for student loan funds, and $8,935,249 for annuity funds. The remaining $153,861,216 came from profits on investment transactions and earnings on investments, where such profits or earnings are used to augment the principal; certain other unidentifiable figures may be included in this amount. Expenditures A total of $3,524,743,721 was spent for current purposes by the 1,858 institutions of higher education in the United States (including out¬ lying parts) during 1955-56. Adding to this amount the $685,550,399 spent for expansion of the physical plant brings the total amount of moneys paid out by college and university business officers during the year to $4,210,294,120. This represents an increase of $774,700,651, or 22.5 percent, over the corresponding total of $3,435,593,469 for 1953-54. Of the grand total for 1955-56, publicly controlled institutions used $2,375,986,995, or 56.4 percent, and privately controlled $1,834,307,- 125, or 43.6 percent. Current Expenditures Of the current expenditures of more than $3.5 billion in 1955-56, institutions under public control spent $1,960,144,741, or 55.6 percent; the remaining $1,564,598,980, or 44.4 percent, was spent by those under private control. Corresponding percents for 1953-54 were very similar: Public, 55.0; private, 45.0. Current Expenditures and Personal Income Among the various criteria by which interest in higher education may be measured, one of the simplest is the relation of educational and HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 59 general or total current expenditures for higher education to total in¬ dividual income, on a State-by-State basis. This procedure is ad¬ mittedly open to some question, but on the whole it provides an ap¬ proach to the general problem. In the accompanying table XXII, the total individual income of each State for 1955 has been taken as a base figure. To this as a base, figures on (1) total current expendi¬ tures for higher education 1955-56, and (2) educational and general expenditures for 1955-56 have been reduced to percents, for each State and outlying part for which data on personal income are availa¬ ble. For the United States as a whole, it appears that in 1955-56, 1.14 percent of the total income of the Nation (before payment of personal income taxes) was devoted to current expenditures for higher educa¬ tion (table XXII). This percent applies to both continental United States and aggregate United States, so far as data are available. Corresponding percents for 1949-50, 1951-52, and 1953-54 (conti¬ nental United States only) were 1.08, 0.91, and 1.01, respectively. The 1955-56 percentage of 1.14 is thus the highest so far. The 1955-56 percent varied widely — from less than 0.60 of 1 percent in two States to just 2 percent in Massachusetts, 2.21 percent in the District of Columbia (which is not considered a State), and 2.23 percent in Vermont. Educational and general expenditures amounted to 0.90 of 1 percent of the total individual income for the Nation at large (both inclusive and exclusive of the outlying parts). They ranged from less than 0.45 of 1 percent in two States to 1.61 percent in Massachusetts and Utah, and 1.85 percent in the District of Columbia. The validity of these data is, of course, conditioned by the fact that individual income may be earned in one State or corresponding juris¬ diction and utilized for higher education purposes in another. Percentage Analysis of Current Expenditures Table XXIII presents percentage analyses of current expenditures in higher education. These analyses appear in three forms: Educa¬ tional and general expenditures exclusive of research and extension, total educational and general expenditures, and all current expendi¬ tures. The data are classified by control of institution — a well- established classification based on the legalities involved. They are further classified into seven main types of institution by level and curricular offering: Universities, liberal-arts colleges, teachers colleges, technological schools, theological schools, other professional schools of a degree-granting type, and the nondegree group, consisting of junior colleges, community colleges, normal schools, technical 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 Table XXII. — Percent of personal income devoted to higher education by region and State: 1955-56 Region and State Personal in¬ come 1955 2 (millions of dollars) Current expenditures for higher education, i 1955-56 Educational and general expenditures for higher education,! 1955-56 Amount (thousands of dollars) Percent of national income Amount (thousands of dollars) Percent of national income l 2 3 4 5 6 Aggregate United States. - . .. $305, 277 $3, 473, 216 1. 14 $2,752,135 0. 90 Continental United States _ 303, 391 3, 451, 087 1. 14 2, 732, 548 .90 Northeast _ _ 89,358 920, 074 1. 03 736, 559 .82 Connecticut _ _ _ 5, 497 54, 767 1.00 41,436 .75 Maine _ 1,443 13, 375 .93 9, 508 .66 Massachusetts _ ... _ ... _ . . 10,010 200, 600 2. 00 160, 985 1.61 New Hampshire _ 958 16, 932 1.77 11,136 1. 16 New Jersey _ _ _ _ 12, 304 62, 355 .51 50, 085 .41 New York _ 36, 255 350, 623 .97 293, 226 .81 Pennsylvania _ ... _ ... _ _ 20, 724 189, 543 .91 148, 428 .72 Rhode Island _ 1,599 19, 191 1.20 12, 961 .81 Vermont _ _ _ _ 568 12, 688 2.23 8,794 1.55 North Central - - . 94, 271 1, 042, 936 1.11 808, 649 .86 Illinois . . . . . . 20, 988 225, 728 1.08 189, 789 .90 Indiana _ _ _ 8, 201 106, 859 1.30 72, 731 .89 Iowa _ 4,213 71,640 1.70 51, 744 1.23 Kansas _ 3, 393 48, 322 1.42 37,485 1.10 Michigan _ _ 15, 632 175, 069 1.12 140, 074 .90 Minnesota _ _ 5, 394 77, 974 1.45 57, 792 1.07 Missouri _ _ _ _ _ _ 7, 560 68, 246 .90 55, 391 .73 Nebraska... _ 2, 147 29, 439 1.37 22, 930 1.07 North Dakota _ 882 11,660 1.32 8, 984 1.02 Ohio _ _ _ 18, 442 146, 264 .79 105, 445 .57 South Dakota _ 850 12, 038 1.42 9, 853 1. 16 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ 6, 569 69, 697 1.06 56, 431 .86 South.. _ 72, 192 876,445 1.21 670, 366 .93 Alabama _ 3, 674 44, 535 1.21 34, 052 .93 Arkansas _ _ _ _ 1,913 24, 636 1.29 18, 427 .96 Delaware... _ _ 980 6,314 .64 5,276 .54 Florida _ _ _ 5, 923 53, 994 .91 40, 256 .68 Georgia _ _ _ 4, 882 46,119 .94 35, 223 .72 Kentucky _ 3, 728 37, 007 .99 27, 005 .73 Louisiana _ _ _ _ _ _ 3,910 58, 160 1.49 44, 827 1.15 Maryland _ _ _ ... ... . ._ .. 5, 463 70, 677 1.29 61, 603 1.13 Mississippi... . . . . 2,018 28, 900 1.43 20, 833 1.03 North Carolina . . . . 5, 371 82, 928 1.54 60, 806 1.13 Oklahoma _ _ 3, 328 48, 596 1.46 33, 769 1.01 South Carolina _ _ _ _ 2, 557 32, 365 1.27 21,652 .85 Tennessee _ ._ _ .. _ . 4, 288 58, 055 1.35 43, 768 1.02 Texas _ _ 14,116 149, 693 1.06 114, 265 .81 Virginia . . . . . . . . 5, 494 63, 056 1.15 49, 820 .91 West Virginia _ 2, 555 27, 430 1.07 21,977 .86 District of Columbia _ _ _ 1,992 43, 980 2.21 36, 807 1.85 West _ 47, 570 611, 632 1. 29 516, 974 1. 09 Arizona _ _ _ _ . . 1,588 15, 631 .98 11,379 .72 California. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29, 438 385, 547 1.31 341,004 1.16 Colorado _ _ _ _ 2, 729 42, 658 1.56 33, 322 1.22 Idaho . . . . . . . . 895 10,218 1. 14 7, 739 .86 Montana _ _ . . . 1, 160 12, 745 1.10 9, 333 .80 Nevada... _ _ _ _ 572 2, 904 .51 2, 522 .44 New Mexico _ _ 1, 134 16, 655 1.47 12, 729 1. 12 Oregon.. . . . . 3, 090 36, 810 1.19 28, 508 .92 Utah.... _ _ 1,238 24, 489 1.98 19, 876 1.61 Washington _ _ _ 5,179 57, 252 1.11 45, 069 .87 Wyoming _ _ 547 6, 723 1.23 5,493 1.00 Outlying Parts _ 1, 886 22, 129 1. 17 19, 587 1.04 Puerto Rico _ _ _ _ _ 3 940 16, 004 1.70 14, 335 1. 53 Territory of Hawaii 946 6, 125 .65 5, 252 .56 1 Not including U.S. service academies, Alaska, Canal Zone, or Guam. 2 Source (except Puerto Rico): Schwartz, Charles F., and Robert E. Graham, Jr. "Personal Income by States Since 1929." p. 141. U.S. Department of Commerce. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956. 3 This figure (for 1954-55) supplied by Office of Puerto Rico, Washington, D.C. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 61 institutes, and other nondegree institutions of an undergraduate type. Table XXIII also presents data on the number of institutions reporting the various items of expenditure, this information appearing for the first time in this publication. Thus, although it might be supposed that all institutions would have need for administration, instruction, libraries, and physical-plant operation and maintenance, the count of items shows that only 1,832 of the 1,858 institutions reported library expenditures and only 1,846 reported expenditures for plant operation and maintenance. This leaves 26 institutions which reported no expenditures for libraries and 12 which reported none for operation and maintenance of the physical plant. These omissions and the numbers of institutions reporting other expendi¬ tures will be discussed briefly in connection with the various func¬ tions below. General Administration and General Expense Administrative expenses, as reported by all the 1,858 institutions in the Nation, amounted to well over a third of a billion dollars. The exact figure of $358,379,629 constituted 10.2 percent of all current expenditures, only a little higher than the 10 percent reported for 1953-54. In 1955-56, as in 1951-52 and 1953-54, these percents ran somewhat higher among the privately controlled institutions than among the publicly controlled. Of the nearly $360 million just quoted, $65,078,077, or 18.2 percent, was used for services to students. These included the salaries and expenses of deans of students and their staffs, guidance and counseling officers, student employment officers, placement bureaus, student health service (unless operated as an auxiliary, self-supporting enter¬ prise), as well as student activities financed from institutional funds, and the registrar’s office where it is regarded as primarily a service to students. The percent of administrative services going for student services was 22.8 at the institutions under private control, but only 18.7 percent at those under public control. Instruction and Departmental Research The regular classroom instruction laboratory work, and non- budgeted research program, as reported by all the 1,858 institutions, involved an expenditure of more than $1.1 bilhon. The exact figure of $1,148,509,889 was 32.6 percent of all current expenditures in 1955-56, a little lower than the 33.3 percent reported for 1953-54. The 1955-56 percents ran a shade higher among publicly controlled 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 than among privately controlled institutions, with wider variations according to type of institution. The 505 junior colleges, for ex¬ ample, spent a much larger percent (48.4) of their funds on instruction than did the 732 4-year liberal-arts colleges (35.5). Libraries Maintenance of libraries, including the salaries of librarians and their staffs, purchase of books and supplies, binding of periodicals, and similar items (not including the operation and maintenance of library buildings) were reported by 1,832 of the 1,858 institutions. These activities cost a total of $86,133,064 in 1955-56. This amount was 2.4 percent of all current expenditures, a little less than the 2.5 percent reported for 1953-54. The 26 institutions not reporting any expenditures for libraries included two privately controlled colleges of liberal arts, two teachers colleges (both under private control), 2 publicly controlled technologi¬ cal schools, as well as 11 privately controlled schools of music, art, speech, and other subjects not necessarily associated with library work. The remaining nine institutions were junior colleges, of which six were publicly controlled and three privately controlled. Plant Operation and Maintenance Wages of janitors and other caretakers, cost of fuel, light, trucking of materials about the campuses, repairs to buildings, and other costs connected with keeping the physical plant in good order were reported by 1,846 of the 1,858 institutions in 1955-56. Of the 12 institutions not reporting expenditures for this function, 3 were liberal-arts colleges (1 publicly and 2 privately controlled), 1 was a publicly controlled school of technology, 1 a school of theology, and 4 were junior colleges (3 public and 1 private). The remaining three institutions were privately controlled specialized schools of various professional types in which plant operation and maintenance was not an accounting item. Expenditures for this function, as reported for 1955-56, totaled $326,259,564, which was 9.3 percent of the total current expenditure budget. In 1953-54 the corresponding percent was 9.7. The 1955-56 percent ran 9.4 (total current budget) for the publicly controlled in¬ stitutions, but only 9 for the privately controlled. Related Activities Conducting laboratory or demonstration schools, medical-school hospitals, dental clinics, home-economics cafeterias, agricultural- HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 63 college creameries, college-operated industries, and other activities closely connected with the instructional program but not actually integral parts of it, are often spoken of as “organized activities related to instructional departments,” or more briefly as “related activities.” Activities of this type were reported by 483 institutions (about one- fourth of the 1,858 in the Nation). They entailed an expenditure of $222,344,911, which exceeded the 1953-54 figure by 18.3 percent. The 1955-56 figure amounted to 6.3 percent of the total current ex¬ penditure budget for all institutions, to 6.9 percent for the publicly controlled group and 5.5 for the privately controlled. Total Educational and General Expenses 9 Except Research and Extension The total expenditure for what might be called the five campus activities in 1955-56 was $2,141,627,057 for the entire United States, including outlying parts. This exceeds the 1953-54 total of $1,798,- 748,570 by some $340 million. For the 655 institutions under public control in 1955-56, these activities entailed the expenditure of nearly 1.2 billion, which was 74.7 percent of their total educational and general expenditures. For the 1,203 institutions under private control the corresponding expendi¬ ture was a little less than $950 million and constituted 79.5 percent of their educational and general total. For all higher education as a whole the percentage (not shown in table XXIII) was 76.8. Organised Research Research programs of sufficient magnitude to warrant carrying them separately in the finance budget have been carried on at institutions of higher education for many years. In fact, the first compilation of expenditures made by this Office showed that in 1927-28 publicly con¬ trolled universities and colleges spent nearly $12.5 million on sep¬ arately budgeted or organized research. Two years later (1929-30) a more detailed compilation showed that research expenditures were reported by 103 institutions, of which 65 were under public control and 38 were under denominational or other private control. The amount expended by these 103 institutions was $13,511,576. No junior colleges and no teachers colleges reported expenditures of this nature. What is now thought of as the educational and general budget was not quite as well defined as it now is, but the 1929-30 expenditure for research was approximately 7.4 percent of the total current budget of a little over $181 million for all degree-granting 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 institutions, and 7.4 percent of the corresponding budget for all institutions. In 1955-56 expenditures for organized research were reported by 332 institutions, of which 150 were under public control and 182 under private control. Of the 332 institutions, 131 were universities and 115 were liberal-arts colleges. The remaining 86 institutions were scattered among the other 5 groups, ranging down to 5 theological schools and 5 junior colleges. The total expenditure of more than $506 million was 14.3 percent of the total current expenditure budget. This total may be compared with the total of a little more than $355 million already referred to as received from the Federal Government by 241 institutions for definitely identifiable research grants or con¬ tracts. When to this item of income ($355 million) there is added the sum of $49,908,941 income in the form of private grants or contracts for re¬ search, it will be seen that of the $506 million spent for research, a little more than $405 million (about 80 percent) was supported by direct grants and about $101 million (approximately 20 percent) by general funds of the institutions concerned. As might be expected, more than 83 percent of the total research expenditure was reported by 131 universities, and another 13 percent by 23 technological schools. The remaining amount (a little over 3 percent) was scattered among the other types of institutions, with not quite 0.03 of 1 percent reported by theological institutions and just 0.02 of 1 percent by junior colleges. Of real significance is the fact that in 1955-56, as in 1953-54, at least some research of a type or scope sufficient to justify separate budgeting and accounting was carried on in all types of institution. Extension and Public Services Expenditures for correspondence courses, radio and television courses, adult study courses and other non-degree-credit courses, institutes, public lectures, cooperative extension in land-grant institu¬ tions, radio and television stations, and similar media for carrying the work of an institution beyond its traditional and customary campus activities involved the expenditure of $141,074,429, of which $130,312, 555 was at 310 publicly controlled institutions and $10,761,874 at 183 privately controlled institutions. Of the 493 institutions reporting expenditures for these extension and public services in 1955-56, 82 charged expenditures for extension in degree-credit courses to instruction and departmental research (item 24 of the questionnaire reproduced in the appendix). At 75 institutions these expenditures were charged to extension and public HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 65 service (item 25 of the questionnaire); at 1 the charge was divided according to circumstances governing individual cases. In addition, 284 institutions reporting extension expenditures stated that they gave no instruction in extension, or at least, no instruction for college- degree credit. The other 51 institutions made no statement of policy. Educational and General Expenditures The grand total of all educational and general expenditures in 1955- 56 was $2,788,798,960. This was 79.1 percent of the total of all current expenditures ($3,524,743,721) for the year. The gradually increasing emphasis on these functions of a higher educational institu¬ tion, as contrasted with the other current expenditures, noted in the 1951-52 edition of this chapter, persisted into 1955-56. The 79.1 percent reported for these functions for this year is the highest in several years; in 1943-44 it was only 74.9. When the 1955-56 total of educational and general expenditures is considered in relation to resident college students enrolled in the vari¬ ous types of institution, some very pronounced differences become apparent (table XXIII). A convenient divisor for this purpose is the number of resident college-grade students enrolled in November 1955. Performing this operation yields an average educational and general expenditure of $1,048 per student for the entire group of 1,858 institu¬ tions. In general, institutions under public control expended a little more per student ($1,085) than did those under private or denomi¬ national control ($1,002), although there were notable exceptions. The highest expenditure ($4,085) was reported in the miscellaneous group of “other professional schools” under public control; the lowest expenditure ($367) in the junior-college group under public control. These figures take on more significance when they are refined by eliminating expenditures for research and extension, two activities having quite limited relation to the number of resident college-grade students enrolled. When this is done and the figures are recalculated, the average expenditure per student drops to $805, with decreases of varying magnitude and varying proportionate importance in the various institutional groups. The publicly controlled institutions as a group still expended a little more per student ($811) than the privately controlled ($797), with the publicly controlled “other professional schools” ($3,428) and the privately controlled techno¬ logical schools ($1,646) the most expensive per student and the junior colleges (public, $358; private, $664) the least expensive. The averages for the “other professional schools” are perhaps the most liable to misinterpretation. This group is quite heterogeneous, including as it does independently organized schools of such diversified 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table XXIII.— Percentage analysis , current expenditures , by type of institution and by function: 1955-56 A. All Institutions Percent * Type of institution, purpose (function) of expenditure Number of institu¬ tions reporting Amount > Educational and gen¬ eral expenditures Except re¬ search and extension Total Total current expend¬ itures 1 2 3 4 5 6 I. ALL INSTITUTIONS Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries _ _ _ Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities . Subtotal . . . . . Organized research . . . . Extension and public services . . Total educational and general... . Auxiliary enterprises . . . Student-aid expenditures _ _ _ Total current expenditures _ II. UNIVERSITIES 1,858 1,858 1,832 1,846 483 1,858 332 493 1,858 1,663 1,321 1,858 r$358, 380 1, 148, 510 86, 133 326, 259 222,345 2,141,627 506, 098 141,074 2, 788, 799 639, 721 96, 224 3, 524, 744 16.7 12.8 53.6 41.2 4.0 3.1 15.3 11.7 10.4 8.0 100.0 76.8 18.1 100.0 10.2 32.6 2.4 9.3 6.3 60.8 14.3 4.0 79.1 18.2 2.7 100.0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries _ _ Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities . Subtotal . . . . Organized research . . . Extension and public services . . . Total educational and general . Auxiliary enterprises... . Student-aid expenditures... . Total current expenditures _ _ _ 141 141 141 141 112 166, 098 626, 132 48, 888 160, 201 177, 535 14.1 53.1 4.1 13.6 15.1 9.6 36.2 2.8 9.3 10.3 7.9 29.8 2.3 7.6 8.5 141 131 102 1, 178, 854 422, 762 126, 351 100.0 68.2 24.5 7.3 56.1 20.1 6.0 141 140 139 1, 727, 967 326, 079 47, 506 100.0 82.2 15.5 2.3 2, 101, 552 100.0 III. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research . Libraries. . . . . Plant operation and maintenance... . Related activities . . . . Subtotal . . . . . Organized research _ _ _ Extension and public services _ _ Total educational and general . Auxiliary enterprises . . . Student-aid expenditures _ _ _ Total current expenditures _ _ 732 732 730 729 173 732 115 136 732 719 661 732 104, 552 248, 460 20, 975 78, 748 9, 776 462,511 8,219 3,622 474, 352 196, 126 28, 826 699, 304 22.6 22.0 53.7 52.4 4.6 4.4 17.0 16.6 2.1 2.1 100.0 97.5 1.7 .8 100.0 14.9 35.5 3.0 11.3 1.4 66.1 1.2 .6 67.9 28.0 4.1 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 67 Table XXIII. — Percentage analysis , current expenditures , by type of institu¬ tion and by function: 1955-56— Continued A. All Institutions — Continued Percent * Type of institution purpose (function) of expenditure Number of institu¬ tions reporting Amount 1 Educational and gen¬ eral expenditures Except re¬ search and extension Total Total current expend¬ itures 1 2 3 4 5 6 IV. TEACHERS COLLEGES Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries _ Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities _ Subtotal _ Organized research _ _ Extension and public services - Total educational and general . . Auxiliary enterprises _ Student-aid expenditures . . . Total current expenditures _ V. TECHNOLOGICAL SCHOOLS 192 192 190 192 72 192 24 94 192 178 124 192 21,789 85, 789 6,260 27, 351 3, 551 144, 740 321 2, 682 147, 743 48, 787 1,607 198, 137 15.1 14.8 59.3 58. 1 4.3 4.2 18.9 18.5 2.4 2.4 100.0 98.0 .2 1.8 100.0 11.0 43.3 3.1 13.8 1.8 73.0 .2 1.4 74.6 24.6 .8 100.0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research . Libraries _ _ _ Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities _ _ Subtotal _ Organized research _ Extension and public services _ _ Total educational and general _ Auxiliary enterprises _ Student-aid expenditures.. _ _ Total current expenditures . . VI. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS 44 44 42 43 9 44 23 8 44 43 34 23, 903 56, 760 2, 976 22, 639 5,547 111,825 67, 234 854 179,913 22, 107 14, 394 21.4 50.7 2.7 20.2 5.0 100.0 13.3 31.5 1.6 12.6 3.1 62.1 37.4 .5 100.0 11.0 26.2 1.4 10.5 2.6 51.7 31.0 .4 83. 1 10.2 6.7 44 216, 414 100.0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries _ Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities . . Subtotal . . . . . Organized research . Extension and pubic services . .. . Total educational and general _ _ _ Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ Student-aid expenditures . . . Total current expenditures _ 124 124 124 123 9 124 5 26 124 108 84 124 6, 458 11,533 1,574 4,414 53 24, 032 150 554 24, 736 8,950 1,467 35, 153 26.9 48.0 6.5 18.4 .2 100.0 26.1 46.6 6.4 17.9 .2 97.2 .6 2.2 100.0 18.4 32.8 4.5 12.6 .1 68.4 .4 1.6 70.4 25.4 4.2 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 Table XXIII. — Percentage analysis , current expendltuoes , by type of institution and by function: 1955-56— Continued A. All Institutions — Continued Percent * Number Educational and gen¬ Type of institution, purpose (function) of expenditure of institu¬ Amount * eral expenditures Total tions current reporting expend¬ Except re¬ itures search and Total extension l 2 3 4 5 6 VII. OTHER PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: General administration and general expense _ 120 11,837 14.4 12.9 11.9 Instruction and departmental research _ _ 120 35, 510 43.3 38.7 35.5 Libraries _ ' _ _ 109 1,611 2.0 1.7 1.6 Plant operation and maintenance _ _ _ 117 8, 530 10.4 9.3 8.5 Related activities _ _ 36 24, 501 29.9 26.7 24.5 Subtotal _ 120 81,989 100.0 89.3 82.0 Organized research 29 7, 244 7.9 7.2 Extension and public services . . .... 16 2, 535 2.8 2.5 Total educational and general.. .. . . _ . 120 91, 768 100.0 91.7 Auxiliary enterprises . . 74 7,175 7.2 Student-aid expenditures _ _ _ _ 79 1,091 1. 1 Total current expenditures 120 100, 034 100. 0 VIII. JUNIOR COLLEGES * Educational and general: General administration and general expense . . 505 23, 743 17.2 16.7 13.6 Instruction and departmental research. . . 505 84, 325 61.3 59.3 48.4 Libraries _ _ _ _ 496 3, 850 2.8 2.7 2.2 Plant operation and maintenance . . . . 501 24, 377 17.7 17.1 14.0 Related activities _ _ _ 72 1,382 1.0 1.0 .8 Subtotal _ _ _ _ _ _ 505 137,677 100.0 96.8 79.0 Organized research . 5 168 . 1 .1 Extension and public services . . . . . . 111 4, 476 3.1 2.6 Total educational and general 505 142, 321 100.0 81.7 Auxiliary enterprises 401 30, 494 17.5 Student-aid expenditures 200 1,334 .8 T otal current expenditures 505 174, 149 100.0 B. Publicly Controlled Institutions I. ALL INSTITUTIONS Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research . Libraries . Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities... . Subtotal . . . Organized research... . Extension and public services . . Total educational and general . . Auxiliary enterprises . . Student-aid expenditures _ _ _ Total current expenditures _ 655 655 647 650 237 $152,513 673, 587 46, 251 184, 773 136, 155 12.8 56.4 3.9 15.5 11.4 9.5 42.2 2.9 11.6 8.5 7.8 34.4 2.4 9.4 6.9 655 1,193,279 100.0 74.7 60.9 150 273,009 17.1 13.9 310 130, 312 8.2 6.7 655 1, 596, 600 100.0 81.5 556 331,217 16.9 347 32,328 1.6 655 1,960, 145 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 69 Table XXIII. — Percentage analysis , current expenditures , by type of institution and by function: 1955-56 — Continued B. Publicly Controlled Institutions — Continued Percent * Type of institution, purpose (function) of expenditure Number of institu¬ tions reporting Amount 1 Educational and gen¬ eral expenditures Except re¬ search and extension Total Total current expend¬ itures 1 2 3 4 5 6 II. UNIVERSITIES Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries. . . Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities _ _ Subtotal . . . Organized research _ _ _ _ Extension and public services.. _ _ Total educational and general _ Auxiliary enterprises _ _ Student-aid expenditures _ Total currant expenditures.. _ III. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES 81 81 81 81 71 81 79 79 81 81 80 81 86, 972 401,659 29,611 104,147 118, 439 740, 828 264, 292 121,450 1, 126, 570 220, 191 17,435 1, 364, 196 54.2 4.0 14.1 16.0 100.0 7.7 35.7 2.6 9.2 10.5 65.7 23.5 10.8 100.0 6.4 29.4 2.2 7.6 8.7 54.3 19.4 8.9 82.6 16.1 1.3 100.0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental expense . Libraries . . Plant operation and maintenance. . . Related activities _ Subtotal . . . Organized research . . . Extension and public services . . . . Total educational and general _ Auxiliary enterprises _ _ Student-aid expenditures _ _ _ _ Total current expenditures _ IV. TEACHERS COLLEGES 82 82 82 81 44 82 30 44 82 80 65 19,113 79, 181 5, 571 21,146 2,791 127, 802 1,952 1,983 131,737 35,174 2, 051 82 168,962 14.9 14.5 62.0 60.1 4.4 4.2 16.5 16.1 2.2 2.1 100.0 97.0 1.5 1.5 100.0 46.9 3.3 12.5 1.6 75.6 1.2 1.2 78.0 20.8 1.2 100.0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries _ _ _ Plant operation and maintenance . . Related activities . . . . Subtotal _ _ _ _ Organized research . . . Extension and public services . . . Total educational and general... . . Auxiliary enterprises . . . . Student-aid expenditures... . . Total curront expenditures _ 20, 506 82, 749 5, 993 26, 265 3, 030 14.8 59.7 4.3 19.0 2.2 14.5 58.5 4.2 18.6 2.2 10.8 43.6 3.1 13.8 1.6 168 23 91 138, 543 278 2,612 100.0 98.0 .2 1.8 72.9 .1 1.4 141,433 47,058 1,436 100.0 74.4 24.8 189, 927 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table XXIII.— -Percentage analysis , current expenditures , by type of institution and by function: I955-56-— Continued B. Publicly Controlled Institutions — Continued Percent J Type of institution, purpose (function) of expenditure Number of institu¬ tions reporting Amount 1 Educational and gen¬ eral expenditures Except re¬ search and extension Total Total current expend¬ itures 1 2 3 4 5 6 V. TECHNOLOGICAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: General administration and general expense... Instruction and departmental research. . Libraries . . . . . Plant operation and maintenance . Related activities . Subtotal . . . . Organized research . . . Extension and public services . Total educational and general . Auxiliary enterprises . Student-aid expenditures . . . . Total current expenditures.. . . VI. OTHER PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS « Educational and general: General administration and general expense... Instruction and departmental research . Libraries.. . . . Plant operation and maintenance . . Related activities . . Subtotal . . . . . Organized research _ _ Extension and public services . Total educational and general . . Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ _ _ Student-aid expenditures . . . Total current expenditures _ _ VII. JUNIOR COLLEGES « Educational and general: General administration and general expense... Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries _ _ _ Plant operation and maintenance _ _ Related activities _ _ _ Subtotal . . . . . . Organized research . . . Extension and public services _ _ _ Total educational and general . . . Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ Student-aid expenditures _ _ _ _ Total currant expenditures _ 22 22 20 21 4 22 8 3 22 22 14 22 9,335 29,210 1,759 13, 290 1,034 54, 628 2, 256 726 57,610 11,645 10, 894 80, 149 17.1 16.2 53.5 50.7 3.2 3.0 24.3 23.1 1.9 1.8 100.0 94.8 3.9 1.3 100.0 11.7 36.4 2.2 16.6 1.3 68.2 2.8 .9 71.9 14.5 13.6 100.0 10 10 10 10 7 10 7 4 10 9 8 2, 722 14, 281 649 3, 006 9, 645 30, 303 4, 197 1,050 35, 550 2,020 243 9.0 47. 1 2.2 9.9 31.8 100.0 7.7 40.2 1.8 8.4 27.1 85.2 11.8 3.0 100.0 7.2 37.8 1.7 7.9 25.5 80.1 11. 1 2.8 94.0 5.3 .7 10 37, 813 100.0 292 292 286 289 47 292 3 87 292 203 73 13, 866 66, 506 2, 667 16,918 1,217 101,174 35 2, 491 103, 700 15, 129 268 13.7 65.7 2.7 16.7 1.2 100.0 13.3 64.2 2.6 16.3 1.2 97.6 <5) 2.4 100.0 11.7 55.9 2.2 14.2 1.0 85.0 87.1 12.7 .2 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 71 Table XXIII. — Percentage analysis , current expenditures , by type of institution and by function: 1955-56 ■ — Continued C- Pritathly Controlled Institutions Percent » Type of institution purpose (function) of expenditure Number of institu¬ tions reporting Amount > Educational and gen¬ eral expenditures Except re¬ search and extension Total Total current expend¬ itures 1 2 3 4 5 6 I. ALL INSTITUTIONS Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research . Libraries _ _ _ Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities _ Subtotal _ _ Organized research _ Extension and public services _ Total educational and general _ Auxiliary enterprises. . . Student-aid expenditures _ _ Total current expenditures . . II. UNIVERSITIES 1,203 1,203 1,185 1, 196 246 1,203 182 183 1,203 1,107 974 1, 203 S205, 867 474, 923 39, 882 141,487 86, 189 948, 348 233, 088 10. 762 1, 192, 198 308, 504 63, 897 1, 564, 599 21.7 17.3 50.1 39.8 4.2 3.3 14.9 11.9 9. 1 7.2 100.0 79.5 19.6 .9 100.0 13.2 30.4 2.5 9.0 5.5 60.6 14.9 .7 76.2 19.7 4. 1 100.0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research . Libraries _ _ _ _ _ Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities . . . . . Subtotal _ _ Organized research _ _ _ Extension and public services _ Total educational and general... . Auxiliary enterprises. . . Student-aid expenditures _ _ Total current expenditures. . III. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES 60 60 60 60 41 60 52 23 60 59 59 60 79, 127 224, 473 19,277 56, 053 59, 096 438, 026 158,470 4, 901 601,397 105, 889 30, 070 737, 356 18.1 51.2 4.4 12.8 13.5 100.0 13.2 37.3 3.2 9.3 9.8 72.8 26.4 .8 100.0 10.7 30.5 2.6 7.6 8.0 59.4 21.5 .7 81.6 14.3 4. 1 100.0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries _ _ _ Plant operation and maintenance . . Related activities . . . . Subtotal . . . . Organized research _ _ _ _ Extension and public services _ Total educational and general . . Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ Student-aid expenditures _ _ Total current expenditures . . 650 650 648 648 129 650 85 92 650 639 596 650 85, 439 169, 279 15,404 57, 602 6, 985 334, 709 6, 267 1,638 342,614 160, 953 26, 775 530, 342 25.5 50.6 4.6 17.2 2.1 100.0 25.0 49.4 4.5 16.8 2.0 97.7 1.8 .5 100.0 16.1 31.9 2.9 10.9 1.3 63.1 1.2 .3 64.6 30.4 5.0 100.0 See footnotes at end of table. 509159—59 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 Table XXIII.— Percentage analysis , current expenditures , by type of institution and by function: 1955-56— Continued C. Privately Controlled Institutions — Continued Percent * Type of institution, purpose (function) of expenditure Number of institu¬ tions reporting Amount * Educational and gen¬ eral expenditures Except re¬ search and extension Total Total current expend¬ itures l 2 3 4 5 6 IV. TEACHERS COLLEGES Educational and general: General administration and general expense Instruction and departmental research . Libraries . . . . Plant operation and maintenance. _ Related activities . . .. Subtotal _ _ Organized research _ _ Extension and public services. . . _ Total educational and general. _ . Auxiliary enterprises _ _ Student-aid expenditures _ Total current expenditures _ V. TECHNOLOGICAL SCHOOLS 24 24 22 24 8 24 1 3 24 17 17 1,284 3, 040 267 1,085 521 20.7 49.1 4.3 17.5 8.4 20.3 48.2 4.2 17.2 8.3 15.6 37.0 3.3 13.2 6.4 6,197 43 70 100.0 98.2 .7 1. 1 75.5 .5 6,310 1,729 171 100.0 76.8 21.1 2.1 24 8, 210 100. 0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries . . Plant operation and maintenance. Related activities . . . Subtotal... _ _ Organized research _ Extension and public services... ..... Total educational and general _ ...... Auxiliary enterprises.. _ _ Student-aid expenditures _ ... _ Total current expenditures _ VI. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS 22 22 22 22 5 22 15 5 22 21 20 22 14, 568 27, 551 1,216 9, 349 4,513 57, 197 64, 978 127 122, 302 10, 462 3, 500 136, 264 25.5 48.2 2.1 16.3 7.9 100.0 11.9 22.5 1.0 7.7 3.7 46.8 53.1 .1 100.0 10.7 20.2 .9 6.9 3.3 42.0 47.7 .1 89.8 7.7 2.5 100. 0 Educational and general: General administration and general expense. Instruction and departmental research _ Libraries . . . . Plant operation and maintenance.. Related activities _ _ .... Subtotal _ Organized research _ Extension and public services _ Total educational and general. . . Auxiliary enterprises _ Student-aid expenditures . . Total currant expenditures _ _ 124 124 124 123 9 124 5 26 124 108 84 6,458 11,533 1,574 4,414 53 24, 032 150 554 24, 736 8, 950 1,467 35, 153 26.9 26. 1 48.0 46.6 6.5 6.4 18.4 17.9 .2 .2 100.0 97.2 .6 2.2 100.0 18.4 32.8 4.5 12.6 .1 68.4 .4 1.6 70.4 25.4 4.2 100. 0 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 73 Table XXIII. — Percentage analysis , current expenditures , by type of institution and by function: 1955-56-— Continued C. Privately Controlled Institutions — Continued Type of institution, purpose (function) of expenditure Number of institu¬ tions reporting Amount » Percent1 2 Educational i eral expeni Except re¬ search and extension and gen- iitures Total Total current expend¬ itures l 2 3 4 5 6 VII. OTHER PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS Educational and general: General administration and general expense _ _ 110 9,114 17.6 16.2 14.6 Instruction and departmental research _ _ 110 21,228 41.1 37.8 34.1 Libraries _ . _ . _ 99 962 1.9 1.7 1.5 Plant operation and maintenance _ 107 5, 524 10.7 9.8 8.9 Related activities _ _ _ 29 14,857 28.7 26.4 23.9 Subtotal _ 110 51, 685 100.0 91.9 83.0 Organized research. 22 3, 047 5.4 4.9 Extension and public services . 12 1,486 2.7 2.4 Total educational and general _ 110 56,218 100.0 90.3 Auxiliary enterprises... _ _ _ _ ... 65 5, 156 8.3 Student-aid expenditures _ _ _ _ 71 848 1.4 Total current expenditures _ 110 62, 222 100.0 VIII. JUNIOR COLLEGES3 4 5 Educational and general: General administration and general expense _ 213 9, 877 27.1 25.6 17.9 Instruction and departmental research _ 213 17,819 48.8 46. 1 32.4 Libraries _ _ _ _ ... _ 210 1,183 3.2 3.1 2.1 Plant operation and maintenance _ 212 7, 459 20.4 19.3 13.6 Related activities _ 25 165 .5 .4 .3 Subtotal _ _ 213 36, 503 100.0 94.5 66.3 Organized research _ _ _ 2 132 .4 .3 Extension and public services . . . ... 24 1,986 5. 1 3.6 Total educational and general _ ... _ 213 38, 621 100.0 70.2 Auxiliary enterprises _ . . ... _ 198 15, 365 27.9 Student-aid expenditures _ _ .. . 127 1,066 1.9 Total current expenditures... _ _ _ . 213 55, 052 100.0 1 In thousands of dollars. Each group of institutions (e.g., publicly controlled institutions, privately controlled tech¬ nological schools, etc.) is rounded independently of other groups. Horizontal totals (col. 3) and national totals of all institutions may therefore not coincide with the sum of their component parts. 2 Based on unrounded figures. 3 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 4 No publicly controlled theological schools. 5 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 subjects as agriculture, dentistry, fine arts, labor relations, medicine, music, radio, speech, and other fields in which the number of inde¬ pendent schools is not large enough to warrant special classification or the proportion of college-grade students to total enrollment is quite low. Furthermore, accounting procedures are not completely con¬ ventionalized in some of these institutions. Thus it is not hard to appreciate not only unusual expenditures per student but also the possibility that the omission or addition of one or two institutions to this group would bring about a marked change in the average expendi¬ ture per student for the group. It should be clearly understood, of course, that each of these expend¬ iture figures is derived by dividing one single student factor only (total resident students of college standing as of November 1955) into educational and general expenditures for the entire fiscal year. This student factor does not include subcollegiate or noncollegiate students, nor those taking summer-school work or work under an extension or home-study division, nor does it make allowance for full-time or part-time enrollments. The expenditure figures, on the other hand, include expenditures for all these types of student. Moreover, the student figures relate to a count of students as of a more or less specific time (November 1955), rather than to the total enrollment for the academic year 1955-56. The introduction of any additional factors, either as substitutes for the one used here or as adjuncts to it, would naturally result in adjustments in both the nationwide and type averages and consequent conclusions as to the comparative expensiveness of the various institutional types. Likewise it should be noted that these figures are not unit cost figures in the usual sense of the term. They are more accurately described as “index numbers of expenditures/’ with more or less chronological significance. They may be used in comparing an insti¬ tution or group of institutions as of 1955-56 with that same institution or group of institutions as of an earlier or later year. They should not be used as a basis for any but the most general of comparisons among institutions or groups of institutions as of the same year. Auxiliary Enterprise Expenditures The auxiliary enterprises and activity group of expenditures, reported by 1,663 institutions, totaled $639,720,731 in 1955-56, a hundred million more than in 1953-54, when $539,326,309 was re¬ ported (the number of institutions reporting on this item in 1953-54 was not tabulated). Of the 1955-56 amount, $331,216,586 was utilized at 556 publicly controlled institutions and $308,504,145 at the 1,107 privately controlled institutions which reported this item. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 75 Table XXIV. — Educational and general expenditures, institutions of higher education, 1955-56, per resident college-grade student, November 1955 Item All educational and general expenditures Educational and general expend¬ itures except research and extension and public services All institu¬ tions By control All institu¬ tions By control Public Private Public Private l 2 3 4 5 6 7 All Institutions . . . . $1, 048 1,434 666 640 2, 083 769 1,583 422 1,056 781 $1, 085 1, 581 619 639 1,736 $1, 002 1,223 686 675 2, 300 769 1,141 702 1,007 791 $805 979 650 627 1,295 747 1,414 408 806 768 $811 1,039 600 625 1,646 $797 890 671 663 1,075 747 1,049 664 798 770 Type of institution: Universities . . . Liberal-arts colleges _ Teachers colleges . . . . Technological schools . . . . Theological schools . . . Other professional schools . . . Junior colleges *... . . . . . Predominant race of students: White . . . . Negro . . . . . 4, 085 367 1,095 774 3, 428 358 812 766 i Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. Cafeterias, dining halls, and student residence halls involved the expenditure of $354,837,423. The other $284,883,308 was utilized for the various activities referred to in the discussion of income of auxiliary enterprises on page 46 of this compilation. Total expenditures for all auxiliary enterprises constituted 18.2 percent of all current expenditures, using data for the entire United States (continental United States plus outlying parts). This is slightly below the corresponding percent of 18.6 for 1953-54. Institutional Payroll in Relation to Current Expendi¬ tures It appears that in higher education as a whole, expenditures for salaries and wages amounted in 1955-56 to 61.1 percent of the total of all current expenditures involving personal services (table XXV). These expenditures included those for educational and general and for auxiliary-enterprises purposes; student-aid expenditures were not included since they involved no personal service compensation. The 1,078 institutions involved in this calculation (442 publicly and 636 privately controlled) included only those reporting their total cash payroll. Institutions having the contributed or nonsalaried service feature were omitted from this calculation. Like many other figures used in the present chapter, this percent (61.1) is an average, as are the other percents given in the table. They should be regarded as exploratory and indicatory, not as norma- 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table XXV. — Institutional payroll in relation to total expenditures for educa¬ tional and general purposes and auxiliary enterprises: 1955-56 1 Control and type of institution Number of insti¬ tutions Expenditures Institutional payroll Educational and general For auxiliary enterprises Total Amount Percent of ex¬ pendi¬ tures shown l 2 3 4 5 6 7 All institutions - 1,078 $2, 152, 868, 570 $485, 291, 854 $2,638, 160,424 $1, 612, 036, 885 61.1 Universities - — 106 1, 423, 742, 368 265, 829, 656 1, 689, 572, 024 1,048, 526, 447 62. 1 Liberal-arts colleges _ 401 322, 096, 881 129,275, 452 451,372, 333 266, 543, 531 59. 1 Teachers colleges _ 145 118, 569, 169 39, 182, 138 157, 751,307 100, 560, 137 63.7 Technological schools . . 34 142, 533, 220 17,040, 439 159, 573,659 88, 562, 071 55.5 Theological schools _ 62 15, 404,218 5, 970, 900 21,375,118 11,936, 030 55.8 Other professional schools _ 61 47, 257, 566 4, 191,478 51,449, 044 31, 159, 196 60.6 Junior colleges 2 - 269 83, 265, 148 23, 801,791 107, 066, 939 64, 749, 473 60.5 Publicly controlled institutions _ 442 1, 339, 033, 332 286, 112, 942 1, 625, 146, 274 1, 057, 308, 934 65.1 Universities _ _ 70 1, 000, 192, 435 197, 352, 837 1, 197, 545, 272 773,712,618 64.6 Liberal-arts colleges _ 76 124, 329, 555 32, 885, 557 157,215, 112 108, 085,815 68.8 Teachers colleges _ 134 114,414, 659 37, 653, 187 152, 067, 846 97,271,074 64.0 Technological schools _ 15 22, 685, 540 7,217, 461 29, 903, 001 19, 352, 147 64.7 Other professional schools.. 6 11,898,517 431,983 12, 330, 500 8, 345, 058 67.7 Junior colleges 2 - 141 65, 512, 626 10, 571,917 76, 084, 543 50, 542, 222 66.4 Privately controlled institutions _ 636 813, 835, 238 199, 178, 912 1, 013, 014, 150 554, 727, 951 54.8 Universities _ _ _ 36 423, 549, 933 68, 476,819 492, 026, 752 274, 813, 829 55.9 Liberal-arts colleges _ 325 197, 767, 326 96, 389, 895 294,157,221 158,457,716 53.9 Teachers colleges _ 11 4, 154,510 1,528, 951 5, 683,461 3, 289, 063 57.9 Technological schools . . 19 119, 847,680 9, 822, 978 129,670,658 69, 209, 924 53.4 Theological schools _ 62 15, 404,218 5, 970, 900 21,375,118 11,936, 030 55.8 Other professional schools.. 55 35, 359, 049 3, 759, 495 39, 118, 544 22,814,138 58.3 Junior colleges 2 _ 128 17, 752, 522 13, 229, 874 30, 982, 396 14, 207, 251 45.9 1 Does not include (1) institutions having the contributed service feature, or (2) institutions not supplying payroll data. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. tive. Local conditions, such as an unusually high or unusually low faculty salary schedule or wage scale for nonprofessional employees, the existence or lack of dormitory facilities, and the like, may cause a wide divergence of any individual institution from the average for its group. Finally, differences in accounting procedures from one institution to another could cause some variations in these figures. Student- Aid Expenditures Over $96 million was paid out for fellowships, scholarships, prizes, and other forms of student aid during the year under review (table XXIII), the exact figure being $96,224,030. A total of 1,321 institu¬ tions were involved, including 347 publicly controlled and 974 privately controlled. Universities utilized nearly half of these funds ($47,505,- 623) and liberal-arts colleges more than one-fourth of them. The other one-fourth was spent by institutions in the other five groups, HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 77 which also had roughly one-fourth of the resident college enrollment in the fall of 1955. Total Current Expenditures The total of all current expenditures for higher education in the United States (including outlying parts) in 1955-56 was $3,524,743,- 721. This is the equivalent of $9,630,447 per day for the fiscal year. Expenditures for Plant Expansion More than $685 million was expended on increasing the physical properties of the various institutions of higher education in 1955-56 (table XXVI). This included the purchase of additional ground for educational or auxiliary purposes (not including the acquisition of real estate for investment purposes); the purchase, construction, or remodeling of buildings; the purchase of new equipment; and other items of this nature. This figure is more than 28 percent above the previous peak figure for this item, in 1953-54. Of the grand total for 1955-56, institutions under public control utilized 60.7 percent and those under private control 39.3 percent. Universities utilized 51 percent of the total, and liberal-arts colleges 26.7 percent. Lesser amounts were reported by the other groups, ranging down to theological schools, which expended 1.7 percent of the total amount. Table XXVI. — Expenditures for plant expansion , by control and type of institution: 1955-56 [Amounts in thousands of dollars] Item Amounts Percent 1 Total By control Total By control Public Private Public Private l 2 3 4 5 6 7 All Institutions _ $685, 550 $415,842 $269, 708 100.0 60.7 39.3 Universities _ _ 349, 862 253, 641 96, 221 51.0 37.0 14.0 Liberal-arts colleges _ 182, 670 50, 918 131, 752 26.7 7.4 19.3 Teachers colleges _ _ - 63, 622 62,816 806 9.3 9.2 .1 Technological schools _ _ _ _ 21,368 6,270 15, 098 3.1 .9 2.2 Theological schools 11,938 11,938 1.7 1.7 Other professional schools _ 15, 855 11,609 4, 246 2.3 1.7 .6 Junior colleges 3 _ 40, 235 30, 588 9,647 5.9 4.5 1.4 i Based on unrounded numbers. 3 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 Data not published here in detail show that of the $685,550,399 expended for plant expansion $22,187,206, or 3.2 percent, was used to acquire land; $529,776,464 (77.3 percent) was used for buildings and improvements other than buildings, including construction work in progress at the end of the fiscal year; and $133,586,729 (19.5 percent) for furniture, scientific equipment, library books, and other equipment not usually attached to buildings. Of the $685,550,399 utilized for plant expansion, $129,837,645, or 18.9 percent, was drawn from current funds (table XXVII). This latter amount included $87,426,475 for furniture and equipment and $42,411,170 for land, buildings, and improvements other than buildings. These amounts and their relation to the total amounts spent for this activity varied considerably from type to type of institution. The nearly $130 million expended from current funds amounted to 1.4 percent of the total value of the educational plant, which was more than $8.9 billion at the end of the fiscal year. In 1953-54 this percent was 1.2. Since no data were compiled on this point for earlier years, no conclusions can be drawn as to long-time trends in this respect. Seven and seven-tenths percent of the higher education plant at the end of the year 1955-56 had been acquired during that year. In 1953-54 the corresponding percent was 7.05. The total expenditure of more than $685 million for plant expansion was equivalent to approximately $258 for each of the 2,661,473 resident degree-credit students in November of the academic year under review (table XXVIII). This average was higher among the publicly controlled institutions ($283) than among the privately controlled ($227), although in certain types of institution the average for privately controlled institutions exceeded that for the publicly controlled. Where the number of institutions in a group is small (as is the case of “other professional schools”), the average expendi¬ ture should, of course, be interpreted with caution since year-to- year fluctuations in small groups are often quite large. Table XXVII. — Current funds expended for plant additions in relation to total plant additions and to total plant value at end of year , by control and type of institution: 1955-56 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 79 Plant additions as a percent of plant value at end of year a 7.7 id © oo cm id csi co r^ioodtONOr^ oo oo ct> o> csi ^ 00 CM 6.9 cm r^. co id co co co csi oo ^ uS Total current funds expended for plant Percent of Plant value at end of year 00 1.4 ^csicn^r>oro © i-4 ^ ~ *-< oo H CM«-I*-» O © — I !. 1. | ©o— «or-*^CM MHe-IcsidiNH Total plant additions r* 18.9 ~ CSI ID CM m CM o rn'oloi^ CM *— ■ — i CSI —« — ' 21.3 26.0 16.8 14.1 18.6 4.1 15.3 15.3 ©CMOOOLOOO CO CM CM ^ r-1 CM CM CM Amount CO $129, 837, 645 80, 720, 658 25,916, 741 9,215, 873 4,531,693 1,129, 978 1,623, 822 6,698, 880 88, 567, 809 64, 822, 781 8, 545,621 8,881,523 1, 168, 105 478,141 4, 671,638 41,269,836 15, 897, 877 17, 371,120 334,350 3,363, 588 1,129, 978 1, 145, 681 2, 027, 242 Current funds expended for— Other plant additions m $42, 411, 170 23, 647, 556 10,176,313 3, 679, 378 1, 400, 176 374, 131 419, 641 2,713, 975 27, 814, 927 19,118,183 3, 188, 075 3, 465, 029 150, 882 26, 463 1,866,295 14, 596, 243 4,529,373 6,988,238 214, 349 1, 249, 294 374, 131 393, 178 847, 680 Furniture and equipment * * CO* CM * 5 57, 073, 102 15, 740,428 5, 536, 495 3,131,517 755, 847 1,204, 181 3, 984, 905 60, 752, 882 45,704, 598 5, 357, 546 5,416,494 1,017, 223 451,678 2,805,343 26,673,593 11,368, 504 10, 382, 882 120, 001 2,114,294 755, 847 752, 503 1,179, 562 Total plant value end of year PO $8, 901, 825, 224 4,672, 347, 766 2,252, 463, 071 720,689,911 411,843,025 159, 996, 456 154, 752, 365 529,732,630 4,991,740, 523 3,121,215,985 538, 022,710 691,082,474 229,080,718 55,044,191 357, 294, 445 3,910,084,701 1,551,131,781 1,714, 440, 361 29,607, 437 182, 762,307 159, 996,456 99, 708,174 172, 438, 185 Total plant additions enrollments November 1955 Total Per student l 2 3 4 5 1,858 2,661,473 5685, 550, 399 5258 Universities _ _ - _ .. 141 1, 204, 647 712,037 230, 855 86, 367 32, 171 57, 976 337, 420 349, 862, 122 182, 669, 888 63, 621, 973 21,367, 720 11,938, 536 15, 855, 324 40, 234, 836 290 732 257 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ -- 192 276 Technological schools. _ _ _ _ _ 44 247 Theological schools _ - _ _ 124 371 Other professional schools _ _ -- _ - 120 273 Junior colleges * . _ - _ _ 505 119 Publicly controlled institutions _ _ _ 655 1, 471, 475 415, 842, 254 283 Universities _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 712, 721 212, 950 221, 502 33, 184 8, 703 282, 415 253, 641,315 50, 917, 443 62, 815, 937 6, 270, 234 11,609, 358 30, 587, 967 356 Liberal-arts colleges . .. _ _ _ 82 239 Teachers colleges.-. _ _ _ _ _ 168 284 Technological schools _ _ . . .. . .. 22 189 Other professional schools 10 1, 334 108 Junior colleges 3 _ _ _ _ _ 292 Privately controlled institutions __ .. _ 1, 203 1, 189, 998 269,708, 145 227 Universities _ _ _ _ _ 60 491,926 499, 087 9, 353 53, 183 32, 171 49, 273 55, 005 96, 220, 807 131, 752, 445 806, 036 15, 097, 486 11,938, 536 4, 245, 966 9, 646, 869 196 Liberal-arts colleges 650 264 Teachers colleges . _ _ _ _ 24 86 Technological schools .. 22 284 Theological schools _ _ _ _ ... 124 371 Other professional schools . 110 86 Junior colleges 3 . _ .. _ _ _ 213 175 1 Includes 194 institutions which made no additions to their plant during the year. 3 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. *See also figure 2, p. 91. Property Plant and Unexpended Plant Funds In 1956 the total value of physical property and plant funds held by the 1,858 institutions of higher education in the United States (including outlying parts) was just short of $9.5 billion, the exact figure being $9,485,059,632. Of this sum $8,901,825,224, or 93.8 percent, was actually invested in land, buildings (including those under construction as well as those in actual use), improvements other than buildings, furniture, and equipment. The other $583,234,408 (6.2 percent) included various liquid assets, such as (1) funds available but not yet spent for plant expansion, (2) funds for retirement of indebtedness, and (3) funded reserves for deprecia¬ tion of auxiliary property, and similar items. No analysis of these funds by purpose is available. Of the nearly $9 billion actually invested in plant, the publicly controlled institutions held 56.1 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 81 percent and the privately controlled 43.9 percent (table XXIX.). This division is not greatly different from that of resident college enrollments in November 1955: Public, 55.3; private, 44.7. The 1956 total represents an increase of $1,342,269,404, or 17.8 percent, over the corresponding 1954 total of $7,559,555,820. This increase is less than the 20-percent increase in resident college en¬ rollments from November 1953 to November 1955. How much of this 17.8 percent increase represents an actual increase in facilities and how much results from increased building costs may only be inferred from the fact that the index of building costs6 rose 7.5 percent — from 435.2 in July 1953 to 467.5 in July 1955, using 1913 as the base or 100 year. When data on physical properties are compared with data on student enrollment, certain facts develop. The $8,901,825,224 investment of funds in these physical facilities is a composite of reports from 1,852 of the 1,858 institutions in the Nation. These 1,852 institutions had a total of 2,657,538 resident students of college grade in the fall of 1955 (table XXX). This gives an average of $3,350 investment in plant per student. This average was a little higher in all publicly controlled institutions as a group than in the privately controlled, both the high¬ est (technological schools) and the lowest (junior colleges) being in the publicly controlled group. Of special interest is the fact, shown in columns 6 and 7 of table XXIX, that only 6 institutions, most of them small, did not report value of plant in 1956. When it is recalled that many junior col- Table XXIX. — Value of physical plant,1 by control and type of institution: 1956 [Amounts in thousands of dollars] Type of institution Amounts Percents Total By control Total By control Public Private Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All types, total _ Universities.. _ _ ... _ ... Liberal-arts colleges _ Teachers colleges $8, 901, 825 $4, 991, 741 S3, 910, 084 100.0 56.1 43.9 4,672, 348 2, 252, 463 720, 690 411,843 159, 996 154, 752 529, 733 3,121,216 538, 023 691, 082 229, 081 1, 551, 132 1,714, 440 29, 608 182, 762 159, 996 99, 708 172,438 52.5 25.3 8.1 4.6 1.8 1.7 6.0 35.1 6.0 7.8 2.5 17.4 19.3 .3 2. 1 1.8 1.1 1.9 Technological schools.. _ ... _ Theological schools... _ .. Other professional schools _ Junior colleges 2 _ 55, 044 357, 295 .6 4. 1 1 Not including unexpended plant funds. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. 6 Engineering News-Record, vol. 162, no. 11 (Mar. 19, 1959), p. 70. 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table XXX. — Value of physical plant per student , by control and type of institution and by predominant race of student: 1956 Institutions by control, type, and race Institutions reporting plant value Institutions not reporting plant value Number Enroll¬ ment 1 Value physical plant Number Enroll¬ ment Total Per student l 2 3 4 5 6 7 1,852 2, 657, 538 $8, 901, 825, 224 $3,350 6 3, 935 141 731 192 44 124 117 503 1, 204, 647 709, 237 230, 855 86, 367 32, 171 57, 232 337, 029 4, 672, 347, 766 2,252, 463, 071 720, 689,911 411,843, 025 159, 996, 456 154,752, 365 529, 732, 630 3, 879 3,176 3,122 4, 769 4, 973 2,704 1,572 Liberal-arts colleges _ _ _ _ 1 2, 800 Teachers colleges Technological schools . . . . . . Theological schools _ _ _ Other professional schools _ _ 3 2 744 391 3,121 Junior colleges 2 _ . ... _ _ _ Publicly controlled institutions _ 653 1,468, 354 4, 991, 740, 523 3,400 2 Universities _ _ 81 81 168 22 10 291 712, 721 210, 150 221,502 33, 184 8, 703 282, 094 3,121,215, 985 538, 022,710 691,082,474 229, 080,718 55, 044, 191 357, 294, 445 4, 379 2, 560 3,120 6, 905 6, 325 1,267 Liberal-arts colleges _ _ _ _ - 1 2,800 Teachers colleges . . . . . . Technological schools _ Other professional schools Junior colleges 2 . . __ 1 321 Privately controlled institutions . 1,199 1, 189, 184 3, 910, 084, 701 3, 288 4 814 Universities . 60 650 24 22 124 107 212 491,926 499, 087 9, 353 53, 183 32, 171 48, 529 54, 935 1,551,131,781 1,714, 440, 361 29, 607, 437 182, 762, 307 159, 996,456 99, 708, 174 172, 438,185 3,153 3. 435 3, 166 3. 436 4,973 2, 055 3, 139 Liberal-arts colleges _ .. _ _ _ Teachers colleges - Technological schools _ _ _ Theological schools Other professional schools . . . 3 1 744 70 Junior colleges 2 . . . __ . . __ By predominant race of students: White _ 1,754 98 2, 582, 777 74, 761 8, 624, 243, 824 277, 581,400: 3, 339 3,713 6 3, 935 Negro _ _ _ 1 Resident college-grade students only, November 1955. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. leges — and a few institutions of other types — share their plant with other organizations (e.g., public high schools, YMCA’s, private hos¬ pitals, etc.) it would appear that the problem of allocation of physical facilities in institutions of this description is quite largely under con¬ trol. This being the first year figures of this type have been compiled, no comparison with earlier years is available. Endowment and Other Nonexpendable Funds Endowment and other nonexpendable funds, including true endow¬ ment funds and funds functioning as endowment, student loan funds, and annuity funds, totaled more than $3.8 billion in 1956 (table XXXI). Exact figures were $3,837,228,868 for aggregate United HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 83 States and $3,795,766,292 for continental United States only. The 1956 figure for the entire United States was 15.8 percent larger than its 1954 counterpart. The 1956 figure for aggregate United States included $3,703,473,077 in endowment and funds so functioning, $58,480,925 in student loan funds, and $75,274,866 in annuity funds. Endowment is used here to include (1) funds received by an institution with the definite understanding that the principal of the funds will be kept intact and that only the earnings will be expended (endowment funds), and (2) funds voted into the endowment-fund group by the governing body of the institution concerned, implying if not providing explicitly for the right of that governing body to withdraw these funds and divert them to another purpose if necessary (funds functioning as endowment) . Student loan funds are funds the principal of which is loanable to students, presumably to assist them in maintaining themselves while in school. Under certain circumstances, frequently agreed on between the donor of an in¬ dividual fund and the recipient institution, such funds may be decreased or entirely abolished by canceling the indebtedness of the students to the fund or by using some other legitimate means. For this reason, although these funds are often carried in the endowment and other nonexpendable-fund group as a matter of convenience, they are not really a part of this group. These funds are not as a rule loanable to faculty members or other employees of an institution (no data are available on what might be called faculty loan funds) . Annuity funds are those funds which have come into the custody and man¬ agement of an institution, subject to regular payments, presumably out of the earnings of the funds, by the recipient institution to a beneficiary or beneficiaries. At the death of the beneficiary (last beneficiary if more than one) the principal of the fund, or the residuum of the principal if it has been partially expended, goes to the institution for such use as may have been pre¬ agreed on by the institution and the donor. Thus it is clear that annuity funds, like student loan funds, are not in every instance nonexpendable; their inclusion in this general group is more a matter of convenience than one of accuracy. Reference was made in the earlier pages of this chapter to the fact that in 1956 a limited number of the larger institutions had a large proportion of the endowment funds of all higher education in the United States. Not only is it correct that 1 percent of the institutions had 45 percent of the endowment; a few other observations may also be made, most of them very similar to observations made in the 1953-54 chapter: 1. Twenty-four institutions, constituting 1.29 percent (just over one- eightieth) of the total number of institutions, had a total of one-half of the endowment, the exact percent in 1956 being 50.01. 2. The three States of Massachusetts, New York, and Texas had three- eighths of the total endowment funds of all higher education in the Nation. 3. In at least one State (Michigan) the State university had more endow¬ ment funds than all other institutions in the State. 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 Table XXXI . — Endowment and other nonexpendable funds, by control and type of institution, by class of fund, and by predominant race of student: 1956 Type of fund and type of institution All institutions Control 1 2 Public Private 3 4 Endowment funds,1 total Type of institution: Universities _ _ _ Liberal-arts colleges _ Teachers colleges _ Technological schools _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools _ Junior colleges * . . Predominant race of students: $3, 703, 473, 077 $728, 731, 691 $2, 974, 741, 386 2, 228, 733,660 959, 354, 731 11,796, 688 295, 370, 970 110, 920,155 58, 096, 396 39, 200,477 693, 900, 169 13, 846, 815 3, 302, 801 5,217, 568 1, 534, 833, 491 945, 507, 916 8, 493, 887 290, 153, 402 110, 920,155 52, 777,427 32, 055, 108 5,318, 969 7, 145, 369 White . _ . . Negro.. . . . . . Student loan funds, total. Type of institution: Universities . Liberal-arts colleges _ Teachers colleges . . . Technological schools _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools _ Junior colleges 2 . Predominant race of students: 3,628, 836, 017 74,637, 060 728, 036, 436 695,255 2, 900, 799, 581 73, 941,805 58, 480, 925 21, 513, 563 36, 967, 362 33,274, 464 14,654, 791 1, 806, 120 4, 526, 517 1, 528, 634 1,152, 762 1,537,637 17, 566, 463 1,183, 721 1, 635, 773 445, 073 15, 708, 001 13,471,070 170, 347 4, 081, 444 1, 528, 634 866, 461 1, 141,405 286, 301 396, 232 White . Negro . . . Annuity funds, total. Type of institution: Universities . . . Liberal-arts colleges _ Teachers colleges _ Technological schools _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools. Junior colleges 2 _ Predominant race of students: 57,966,715 514,210 21,329, 457 184, 106 36, 637, 258 330, 104 75, 274, 866 9,923,787 65, 351, 079 38, 669, 137 29, 314, 689 104, 270 3, 155, 770 2,717,989 650, 795 662, 216 9, 838, 526 83, 301 1,960 28, 830,611 29, 231, 388 102,310 3,155, 770 2, 717, 989 650, 795 662,216 White. Negro. 75, 247, 257 27, 609 9, 923, 787 65, 323, 470 27, 609 1 Includes funds functioning as endowment. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college-level work immediately beyond high school. Endowment Funds per Student When enrollment in institutions of higher education is compared with endowment, as in the accompanying table XXXII, certain facts concerning relative wealth come to light. In this table the total amount of endowment funds (including funds so functioning but not including student loan funds or funds subject to annuity agreements) is used as the dividend, and resident college-grade enrollment, fall of 1955 (without regard to whether the enrollment was for a full or a HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 85 partial schedule) is used as the divisor. Institutions without endow¬ ment funds are not included in the calculations. There were 1,094 institutions which at the end of the fiscal year 1956 had some endowment. The total resident college enrollment of these institutions was 1,997,695, and their total endowment was $3,703,473,077. There was thus an average of $1,854 in endowment funds back of each student in these institutions. This average was naturally much higher among the privately controlled institutions than among those publicly controlled, the differential ranging from nearly 2 to 1 in some types to well over 40 to 1 in others. Another fact shown in this table is that in November 1955 there were 663,778 students (not quite one-fourth of the total of 2,661,473) in institutions with no endowment funds. These students were enrolled in 764 institutions, of which 470 were under public control and 294 under private or denominational control. The group of 294 privately controlled institutions included 105 colleges of liberal arts which enrolled 50,000 students. In general, the endowed institutions enrolled more students per institution in the fall of 1955 than did the institutions with no endow¬ ment. The average enrollment for all endowed institutions at that time was 1,826; that for unendowed institutions, 869. This variation persisted throughout almost all categories, although not to the same degree. For example, endowed teachers colleges showed an average enrollment of 1,503, hardly 50 percent more than the average enroll¬ ment of 1,108 for those with no endowment. In the junior-college group (all institutions, and the public group alone) un endowed schools were as a rule larger than those with some endowment. In appraising these data, it should be borne in mind that some institutions carried in the endowed group had very limited endowment funds. Ten reported endowment of less than $1,000 each; 45 others, less than $10,000 each. Since this is only the second year for which a tabulation of this sort has been made, no conclusion may be drawn as regards long¬ term trends. A few short-term shifts, however, may be noted, all with the reservation that they may reflect changes in accounting and reporting procedures as much as actual shifts in policy. For example, there seems to have been an increase in the percent of endowed institutions, from 57 in 1954 to 58.9 in 1956. Enrollment in endowed institutions, however, showed a noticeably smaller in¬ crease: from 75.01 percent of the total in 1954 to 75.06 percent of the total in 1956. Endowment per student (all institutions as a group) declined from $1,921 in 1954 to $1,834 in 1956, this decrease appearing in all group- 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Table XXXII. — Endowment funds per student , by control and type of in¬ stitution and by predominant race of student: 1956 Endowed institutions Unendowed insti¬ tutions Institutions by control, type, and race Enroll¬ Amount of endowment 1 Enroll¬ Number ment * Total » Per student Number ment 1 l 2 s 4 5 6 7 1,094 1, 997, 695 $3, 703,473,077 $1, 854 764 663,778 138 1,192,246 543, 550 79, 654 70, 080 25,715 39, 050 47,400 2, 228, 733, 660 959, 354, 731 11,796, 688 295, 370, 970 110, 920,155 58, 096, 396 39,200, 477 1,869 1,765 148 3 12, 401 168, 487 151,201 16, 287 6,456 18, 926 290, 020 Liberal-arts colleges - _ 576 156 Teachers colleges . . . 53 139 Technological schools - _ - _ 30 4,215 4,313 1,488 827 14 Theological schools . - _ 90 34 Other professional schools _ _ _ _ 67 53 Junior colleges * . . - _ 140 365 Publicly controlled Institutions _ _ 185 909, 066 728, 731, 691 802 470 562, 409 Universities . . . - . - - 78 700, 320 94, 867 75,451 18, 096 7, 009 13, 323 693, 900, 169 13, 846,815 3, 302, 801 5,217, 568 5,318, 969 7, 145, 369 991 3 12, 401 118, 083 146, 051 15, 088 1,694 269, 092 Liberal-arts colleges .. . . . - 31 146 51 Teachers colleges . . . . . 45 44 123 Technological schools _ _ - . . 10 288 12 Other professional schools . 7 759 3 Junior colleges * . _ -- 14 536 278 Privately controlled Institutions - 909 1, 088, 629 2, 974, 741, 386 2,733 294 101, 369 Universities . . . 60 491,926 448, 683 4,203 51, 984 25,715 32, 041 34, 077 1, 534, 833, 491 945, 507, 916 8, 493, 887 290,153,402 110, 920,155 52,777, 427 32, 055, 108 3,120 2,107 2, 021 5, 582 4,313 1,647 941 Liberal-arts colleges... . . . . 545 105 50, 404 5,150 1,199 6, 456 17, 232 20, 928 Teachers colleges . . . 8 16 Technological schools . . . . . 20 2 Theological schools . . . . 90 34 Other professional schools . 60 50 Junior colleges * . . . . 126 87 By predominant race of students: White _ _ _ _ 1,035 59 1, 958, 898 38, 797 3, 628, 836, 017 74, 637, 060 1,852 1,924 725 627,814 35, 964 Negro . . 39 1 Including funds functioning as endowment. * Resident college-grade enrollment, full time and part time, November 1955. 1 Includes community colleges, technical institutes and county teachers colleges (normal schools) offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of college work immediately beyond high school. ings of institutions by control and most of those by type. These decreases are not surprising in view of the shift in proportion of income deriving from endowment earnings over the years, a shift disclosed elsewhere in this chapter (table XVI). There also appears to have been a slight increase in the percent of part-time undergraduate students: from 21.5 in November 1953 to 22.5 in November 1955. This could conceivably act to depress any average based on totals of all students. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 87 Student Loan Funds A total of 1,026 institutions reported on the operation of student loan funds in 1955-56 (table XXXIII). That these institutions were as a rule the larger ones over the country is suggested by the fact that although they numbered only a bare 55 percent of the total of 1,858 institutions, their enrollment of 2,360,487 was nearly 89 percent of the National total of 2,661,473. The 1,026 institutions reported a total of $58,480,925 in their loan funds at the end of the year. This gives an average of $24.77 per student enrolled. The total represents an increase of 18.9 percent over the total of $49,192,177 reported by 974 institutions in 1953-54, but the average per student dropped from $29.56 in 1954 to $24.77 in 1956. As might be expected, the bulk of these loan funds was to be found in institutions under private control. These institutions had nearly $37 million, or approximately 63 percent, of the $58 million of funds, although they enrolled less than 52 percent of the students in schools reporting funds of this character. Total additions to student loan funds during the year under review amounted to $3,670,966, of which not quite 39 percent was reported by institutions under public control and 61 percent by those under private control. Of the total of $3,670,966 for all institutions, $1,974,249, or 53.8 percent, came in the form of private gifts and grants. Net gains on investments, interest or net earnings covered into the fund, interfund transfers, and similar items accounted for the remaining 46.2 percent. The fact that, of the $58.4 million principal, something like $34.2 million was not out on loan at the end of year may be attributed to at least two factors: (1) In many cases, loan funds at individual institutions are so restricted as to characteristics of prospective bor¬ rowers or as to conditions of repayment that activity of the funds is seriously limited; and (2) many funds operate on a short-term basis, the loan to be repaid before the end of the term or semester in which it is borrowed. In spite of these and other possible restrictions, the data on “Oper¬ ation of funds” in table XXXIII show that more than $15 million was borrowed and nearly $13 million repaid during the year, and that well over $24 million was still outstanding at the end of the fiscal year. 509159-59- 7 Table XXXIII. — Student loan funds, by type anti control of institution: 1955-56 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Type of institution Junior colleges > O 137 115, 293 $71,688 $89, 708 $1,537,637 $13.34 $272,119 $212, 560 $396, 401 $1,126, 584 63 90,616 $118, 345 $106,270 $131,569 $264, 373 « ii M 47 31,844 $45, 436 $69,222 $126,912 $103, 893 $437, 030 $681, 594 6 3, 982 lie,' 999 $286,301 $71.90 lit; 201 $173,005 $86, 163 Theological schools 73 21, 326 £S $1,528, 634 $71.68 $328, 221 $271,047 $279, 830 $1,200, 402 Technological CD 29 70, 440 $80, 310 $300, 121 $4, 526,517 $64. 26 $965,306 $614, 494 $2,121,275 $2,406,293 11 21,643 $61,601 $85,353 $445, 073 $20. 56 $274, 425 $260, 885 $131,974 $314, 783 Teachers colleges in 125 184, 467 $35,819 $97, 167 $706, 857 $666, 099 $606, 085 $1,202, 180 114 179, 323 $35,119 $90,421 $1, 635 773 $9. 12 $674, 048 $641,322 $551 900 $1,086,018 Liberal-arts colleges 483 787,817 $696,729 $1, 004, 928 $14,654, 791 $18. 60 $3, 722, 303 $2,752,014 $5,197,682 $9, 475, 043 57 148, 830 $40, 933 $75,889 $1,183, 721 $7.95 $541, 195 $516,725 $423,627 $760,401 Universities w 132 1, 149, 300 $977,841 $2,017, 532 $33,274,464 $28. 95 $9,733,139 $8,358,728 $15,354,341 $18,180, 392 78 699, 774 $520, 443 $1, 129, 730 $17, 566, 463 $25. 10 $5, 802, 859 $5, 257, 848 $6,210, 590 $11,356,414 Total (all types) *-eM* — M“-to s s s a Is s s' ssSsssssIllSsIss- § — cm*-t -u-"— s s' ssll—alsll m" cvT 8 s § s' lisieilsgSIssssss s cm — ,*-\o*- tr 5VoT oo" 3 s' 8Bg8338S38a into" -* -" B i 8S 3 s' §§s§SSsg§SB§&SB3 3 cm*- coWcoW^-rio-rcTirto'cvr co* 3 a tOCM* — M-"cm" 3 a j Ss E s' lisssSillaSSSasa I — co--"cm"cm" in co oo" cm" 8 s' =sII£”s?ssS oo" j 5 5 i i s' S3 B : -- cm* «* 2 s' ssl§s :S|SS|S S3 3 2 £ i s8§SSS82sSSS8£gS 1 in" oo cm" cm" o* r~T rg* in oo" oo oo~ O* Sf — 2" I s 3 alssssslsis to-g^^to^toinooto"^* I Is s' 5 CM \°sx : 00*CM* ; S 5! sSSslsSassaiSlil 1 cm" cm" — * CM* CM — ‘ — * cm" co" — " — <" CM* CM* — " CO* i sf CO*—" — — — a sf s CM sl - 8 S5 IS iiisgs^ssisjgs | 1-TcnT ^VT csT ~ir>~ in • CM 8 s' g*CM* — "— — "co" j 3 £ 2S CM i «*T §— g3B3383a»3iS!* § E cm" ssS2 — * 8 CM j CO CM i s' S|gS3SiiSsS2§SlS 1 8 s' si-saslsisa CM*00>*- -tOCo'cO* s «" §ssas CM*-" 8 i BSSsSsSSSSllSsgS s «2«3sa^sa¥ss‘5s“3s s 3 s' aBisasssssRl li sf s s' 22221 cm" s"m" 5 i SSSliSIlSlSSSiSI 1 @S”g“S'SKSS‘g‘s'S'S'3'S s' 3 S' Is r* 8 s' l22iS co" into- South . Alabama _ Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ _ _ North Carolina... . . Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Texas _ Virginia _ West Virginia _ District oCColum ia . . I yjij ;ji a s => i i i 1 li » i u | i | j i il ii II Table 1. — Current-fund income of institutions of higher education , by source , region , and State: 1955—56 — Continued B. Publicly Controlled Institutions 1 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to tota lbecause of rounding.] 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 For student aid > (scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes) 16 $24, 077 23, 405 1, 348 OlOCMNOOCNJlOfOm 1 ^ co rjj csi •— i 3, 822 oo cd o to o co to r^» oo m cm l oooiONcnrNCMNrsOPOrH 'CCOCOCMI^lOr-lrH ««T CM From auxiliary enterprises (gross) Other auxiliary enter¬ prises 15 $170, 860 169, 970 11, 618 CVJCNJinCMrHNlO^fN oo in co o co in oo cm^j-cocoiococm^j-cm — f irTcsT 70, 936 COi^O)tOCMO)lOlD^tCOO)rs »— i Kf’ r—* O CM O CD *—« OO CO CM CM OO O OO O* CM r^. CD CD co CD lO to* OO* of lO CD* OO* CM* — <* r-f erf CO* Dining and resi¬ dence halls 14 $186, 486 185, 542 21, 672 lococdcocdoococm ct> o oo cm o — • to •— • oo ^V-tV-Ts-T irfrC 67, 883 r^ooin^r*— CO lO CM CO OO CD O CD -H lO* e-H* LO* CM* OO* ^ CM* ^* — «* CO* I For educational and general purposes from— Other sources 13 $33, 793 33,483 2,324 0)in^»^^HPOoo^tO) fopscotncococsooo) — « ^ co 12, 288 OlOrsNCMlOlONlOCOOO cm io o co oo oo *— « o *—« to r-* co to to CO *— « to CO OO *-» O CM CM Organized activities related to educa¬ tional depart¬ ments 12 $111, 388 110,829 5, 248 r^o^-r^cM— icoLnr^ rointDOrnroom-H co — « o cm cm erf 55, 086 972 4,154 4, 042 8, 277 16, 479 5, 295 734 1, 140 264 6, 845 480 6, 404 Private gifts and grants 11 $48, 456 48, 280 4,706 •— ' co CM '*-4 oocococs i co oo i CO t—4 • CO CM •«— 1 i c\f»-f i 23, 508 oair^ootDoocoooiocDcorv Cvjeor-CDCDCOOOCD— < -*3- COOOlOCsM*OCOCO OO CD erf ff»— T ^terf ^r* cm* 1 Endow¬ ment earnings 10 $16, 285 16, 266 1, 034 CD O CM O CM co 1 co ^•HOO «^fCM i CM 1 1— * 1 i i I 6,295 r^^CD^-lO^-CM^J-OOCDCDCD iD^rxCMOCMN^I^CMCDOO •HCO f-HOOr^ rHinrl Local govern¬ ments r-< to i — > oo co co co r-4*CM* 23, 024 | -HinMOOoo^ootnrHst to co cm a> ^ to co cm *— i cd co a> to r-H CO CM OO CM *3* a> OO CD CD CO* CvfcM* C\T*“f Csfr-f PH r-T Grants or con¬ tractual amounts for research C0 $149, 926 148, 798 4, 937 OO CD CD CD OCsCM^J- NpsrHfg iOCONS i ** 34,250 (DCOOCOOrvCOCOCMCOOCO CDCDCDCMCMOCDCDr^CD— ifs cm co co cd cd r*. co co co II trf CM* —«* CM* CD* «-«* CM* Veterans Adminis¬ tration for tuition and fees w <0 00 co oo oo V ** 491 CM *-• CM CD tO CO •— i *— * CM 1,276 | CD^-^-^LOCMtOCMtDCDCDtO ^■rsioioiorvNrscMOfHO CM r-H CM »-« II Student fees $203, 007 200, 158 26, 603 CDIOCDOOOOIOIOCMCM coiONa>rNNOO)oo CDmin^j-i— «cMcocotn •“«* e-Te-TcvTO ccf «-f | 74,843 ^^•NOCMOOOIOIO^IO CDLOCDr^LOCMOCOOCOCDoo CM CD *3* o co 00 •— * 00 o oo o a> cd* cd* ^r* ufrCco* erf cm *-fcM* «-fco* All sources (cols. 4-13) fO $1, 649, 524 1, 628, 256 170, 946 CD •— « CM CD O* *-* CDCDCMCD^rOOCOCOr^ ^oiococo^rs^co csf CD* — «* lO* CM* CD* to* *—* •— « oo co 556, 236 | CO^tTj-iDOCOfMOCOCOrHO O O O CO •— i •— • CD«cf* 698,878 | CD «-H *3- CD O') P^ io *3* CO CO 00 CM CDtDNtDNTjTvOOlOrvrH co cm a> co to co to cm oo cm* cm* in* co* in* co* of cvT cm* «— f o* of ONinM’lOlDCMCMpHOrH^ Region and State vH Aggregate United States _ _ Continental United States _ Northeast . - Connecticut _ _ Maine _ _ _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire . __ New Jersey . .. New York . ._ Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island. . .. . Vermont _ North Central . Illinois . . . . . Indiana _ _ _ Iowa _ . __ . . Kansas . .. . . ... Michigan . Minnesota _ Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska . . . North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin . . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 95 8 V ^gasssisgs32§||§ - s -T c 176 1,101 392 66 31 119 382 303 61 302 66 10, 372 S =| j s s ssllslislsssSsss * ; cocsT cvT^c^co^MrCrCco-ro-r-r r \ saggsisgisss i 4 -cmV.V ; 1 » ill ; 5 £ slssSIIsIaiSlsssS “ l -*cm“ co^-ufcswirfwcgegc^ufcvr « ! slllssisSsS 3 3 ~ -.VT CO -=r : s a j iss i : a a s<3~s=ssSlR~=»sSR = S —T ro— r u s aI!sasgg|Ss I i f,* -r r-r : S 2 | igs : E a Slss2l?aSSell=ss if co -r — *VoT ! r ! * 3 iSssSSssIgs ; » pCio 1-7 S 5 I in 8 a 3SR13!S8ilaSs!g§K “ S ~ «co r 1 SHs8a3iSiS ! 5 a ! : i iss j s u> SSgSSgSSSg ;S2S| ; j 8 : «st | j r ! sssgassssss i * ~ icr> • r i 1 j a a S3 iggSS3|SSSSgSS 1 : j rf «f . I s21§" iSl*8S i i s : i • *1111 ; | ; : 3 § alsaSssalSSISssS i • 5°°“' "SSS^JaS ' «2 2 S'2g B*£f i S i ssssslslsls i i i s 1 ig§s « -T : oocsT * ; 1 a s~§2£§lSSslisl”§ - | c\Tc\T ^cJ'eC-r-'pJco^^eM*^- ; 3 IsSSSSsISlI 1 i -‘ - s' S 1- ei las a a IS isSIllSssssSSS i i j“ “ “ v-‘ j s I i j? co^r «\-.%-Tco‘ ! !*| : i SS r~ B H S SgS^Sg**2 i -r : eo cm | i g s IlllsslaSSISlIS! a i ■»W eJioco^-^corC^^^rf-H < I sssslssssss i » cmVTio ^*co*cM-co‘ j I §»8SS ef «-T«-T 1 451,755 1 IHllcsISsssssIlS «|! as-sasaassssasss - ; 5 SSssiSlsS^S s 5 S3 a Ills! a ~ ~rf s s ISsSsSalssSsilss si ss^ss'ssfs'sss'ss'sss' - j 3 sssSISlISlfe 1 S 2SS“2”'2'S'2'S''' 3 6 I-sss l a <•>' 2“ i i i i i i j j ! j j j j i j S j j i i ; i i i i : i i i i i i i i i i i A i i i S i i i i i i i i i ! i i e jiiliii !Ji li ! j \i 1 lliflliiM i | |mm!||N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 § > r j t 1 1 Other sources 3 $46,670 46, 650 25, 152 M”2§b11rS -T «T -TcsToo- 11, 108 a5Ss?§aR:°,!2l ^ -r Organized activities related to educa¬ tional depart¬ ments 3 § i s' * s sf 5 iS i§ls2” \ro j af-f 1 a o to i Private gifts and grants 3 $197, 083 196, 804 75,207 6, 253 381 18, 156 1,268 5, 539 28,471 13, 591 1,219 328 56, 415 of -3 5 r Endow¬ ment earnings S $128, 756 128, 735 i s 10, 573 829 17, 866 1,182 4, 371 22, 175 9, 605 1,191 273 25, 212 ~~ of us- i Local govern¬ ments o § 3 s wf III' I L 01 I 5 21 01 PI State govern¬ ments 00 $26,475 26,475 R a 80 2 10, 354 1,271 11,386 60 114 S 23 3 4 4 19 m Federal Government For other purposes $10, 002 9,989 s 447 1 1,003 136 1,056 1,422 324 128 1 I 163 115 72 5 37 5 50 4 53 1 84 Grants or con¬ tractual amounts for research <£> $205, 650 205, 650 107, 325 s ~ is 42, 745 15= ;s»s* is is S' : - i Veterans Adminis¬ tration for tuition and fees “ $10, 804 10, 795 5,681 cnT-T s -i 551 109 38 4 134 43 211 20 °L 5 116 Student fees $522,918 522, 056 254, 805 sasaSslKi -Hevrgjeojo'gginw* a s' gBSSiBIRSgBR ^ ^ rCcsT o' rC to cvT CO,-, w—4 r-l CSJ All sources (cols. 4-13) $1,232,236 1,231,013 3 1 32, 232 3, 506 155, 567 6,835 45, 341 224, 195 118, 931 9, 539 3, 947 285, 170 slsSSIallllS ssja'“’'s3's“f s'-2 Total cur¬ rent-fund income (cols. 3, 14-16) CN $1, 597,826 1, 596,198 740, 794 42,217 5, 490 192, 399 10, 571 56, 292 265, 383 147,419 14, 141 6,882 382,165 139, 930 37, 391 19, 131 7,616 24,310 19, 723 41,453 7,887 476 61, 362 2,312 20. 574 Region and State tH Aggregate United States . . States _ _ _ Northeast... . Connecticut _ _ Maine _ _ Massachusetts — . - New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ _ _ New York... . . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island _ Vermont - - - North Central.. . Illinois _ _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas _ _ _ Michigan _ _ _ Missouri . . . Nebraska _ North Dakota..... . Ohio _ _ _ South Dakota . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 97 3 in *Ra8gB3§ftg833s5a s s of !c 110 29 12 7 110 47 94 CM CM § tf IS»§SSS§8s8gSS8S 8 ~* csT-rw , -r-r c*vr «* eJ 3 -sSSSSgsffi S‘ 2 s 2 1 a ISss5ass!ISsSlss § - eriWcJU ‘m'-rrC-rnrjVrCuf^r ^ S 2SSS2SRS| of erj'^T ~VTcm* ft CO ftj 3 in 3"S!SsSs5=s§S§s 1 rf U ft 8 9 s' 8“ :5S|SS252 iaas j g ^ j ^ j ocT 8 » |r 13“ j i-is 3 oo 2 3 S§™SllIa5lsSS=si S cnVTcrfcrjVr cn ^VWerT co 3 ft 2- ft s 8 Rf 38“&93S8&a33a8S5 1 rf-r^vr « coiov-r S IS rC j g 0 !s“s ft CM s is-^a j |s»S | | a ? i n i 3 8 | sa-Sa f | as i~ i a is Ml • CO ! j R V ^ — £S3‘y,SS;fs,KS‘02S21'’ S ‘sa‘3~' s' ft sssiSssss of rCrC-f irf rf id 9 ri a _T S s llsasSsassilllaa a s'™' s‘a'3‘s"s‘,r‘s'“,'s's's's''rf' s‘ S sssSlsSlS o pCiCo“ 3 ri § «* i I ■11 J J IS: ilif i 1 i I Table 1. — Current-fund income of institutions of higher education , by source , region, and State: 1955-56 — Continued D. Universities [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 For student aid i (scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes) 16 $23, 777 23,12 1 00 1 CN 1 00 00 OOCOCOCO^*1*CVICOtn ^■tDrHLOOfOOOOrHrs CO *—4 CO «-H CN 0> — « v-T CsT r-TcvT 5,583 in cd cd oo Kt- co oo r-. cd oo it oooor^ooininr^in-cjT^rHin II co co »— « m in cvj From auxiliary enterprises (gross) Other auxiliary enter¬ prises 15 $177, 073 176, 249 26, 204 N^tOO)(\JINO)*HN ooooco^mcDO^^a-cvj *— T in •— T csT r**T in' 73,165 cvjor^oor-4r^«-«oocvjcor^o cvjr^oooocvj^jr^^-cDincor^ CDCOCDCVICDinCDr^OCVjCOCD cd" o"oo"n"oo"r^"oo"»--4"— T— T co Dining and resi¬ dence halls 14 $168, 682 167, 990 40, 103 5, 680 1, 133 9, 345 1,845 3, 578 10, 187 7, 300 575 458 m th' co (DinmocDOOcomNON cDcvjincvjcocDinr^.— ir^-or^ o«— 'CDivmocNjrHftcvjinoo i^-" m t*"— T co" co" cvj" *-T oo" oo" For educational and general purposes from— Other sources 13 $61, 736 61, 529 00 to CN CN CD CD^CDOCD— if^-CDCD COlDrHOOfOOIDISO) O — ' CD r.CD e-T in nt 18, 602 CnOrHCDOCOCVl^iOOtvCNO CO OO CVJ oo — * CVJ oo oo OO *— 4 OO CD CD CO CD CO OO CO CD CVJ CO cd"coV-T *-T e-T «-T Organized activities related to educa¬ tional depart¬ ments 12 $152, 619 152, 174 25, 684 Csl ooincvicoooooco— • CO —1 CO Csl -OO e-H CVJ — ' of 66, 027 9, 855 4, 040 4,015 8, 161 16, 472 5, 285 2,641 1,263 214 7, 041 480 6, 561 Private gifts and grants 11 $124, 440 124, 289 42, 139 5,216 330 8, 801 1,013 3, 702 16, 209 6, 697 171 00 r** 00 oo to ooocDinoooocoincoo cd in— «locd— *cocdoido - co COH-rvivcDOfvOO CD CD — < cvj »■— « co co cd ico i i l Endow¬ ment earnings 10 $80, 808 80, 789 40, 686 cd o oo oo cnj m *3- ' co o 'cj- co co • in i csi i — — * cvj ^ in I — ' rC o'— «"cvj"inoo" » 18, 512 ^■orvinoooo^toiotoin OftCOCVjO^ OCOCOCDOCO I CD OO — < inrvCVJi-lrHO)*-<»H oo" —T r-TcvT cvj" Local govern¬ ments Oi $31, 827 31. 827 10, 087 i i i co i co cvj . cd CD i i O O i — < I 1 OO 1 -H 1 1 1 15, 079 ' l CD O 1 1 1 i i i i cd i ^ oo iiii in i > 1 r—i i o CD I 1 I i r— « 1 | 1 IrHOO > 1 1 * in 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III State govern¬ ments 00 $604, 271 592, 339 53, 583 OCDCDCDkJ-CDOOOCO inr—ocDinoonoocD LOCNJCDCDCOCOl — OiPx cd" CsT ■**-" — cT CVj" — *-T «— • CSJ 232, 668 Ofcocoo^o^oofvft^cDO CDOO^J-r— 'CD— lCVJr-CD cdi — co cd o — • in co in 23,084 cDoocoooco^-oomcvjincD^f r^Tj-rHi — co^rr^r^— ^cDcvico in CVJ CO ^ CVJ OO CVJ CO CD OO CD 0 co" cvj" cvj" — cvj" — T CVj" r-T — cvj" Grants or con¬ tractual amounts for research $276, 333 275, 961 58, 329 1,565 5 9, 687 143 5,155 30, 945 10, 483 172 174 73,449 coioocotfrvcDOOCvjcooin ooocDcvjcooivoorxcorHin inococDrvcDinft 00 in 0" co" — cvTcdcvT cvT cvj" Veterans Adminis¬ tration for tuition and fees m $9, 625 9, 579 3, 842 CD*3-incvioocvj— —' 9 r' sllsSsSSslsijs — 'o'co' -' -cm'cm-ct II 8 3 slsslssllllsslll g cm" ■tjr — ' cm* cm* •— T ■**■' co' — ' — <' cri~ cm' cm' s a Si§S§°~2£iS r'-'n' -' -'-'cm' s g~ 8 a 1=~5§Ss§2srIH11s § B « 2§SS2aSSS2g — — 8 s s isSSISIIsSSSIsss i| co —' «T irf— ' co'co'-r oo* j II 1 sSsaSssggs8 oo'irf -' 3 IS 3 a -FslsissSssISI” 1 nm" cm'co* cm' esTirT cm' Is s §S3«*s*8i§3 2 SS I a »''5»l“li!sg2°Sa3 i 3 — * — — ' ! 9 in Is »3SsIs i i gl ;s i s SS i i i g£SS i 1 5 SlsSIssISSISIIIs : —'locm'cm Virfeo^* '=r'^j' *2 to~,v‘crf 01 °°~ I i SlsslsSSiSS co' cm' to' co' m' — ' .<*■' cm' r~T cm' tj-' 8 a SS OO'CM* 1 s §ii=s=i“SSaSSasi “ cm'cm' — T cm' cm' —' cm' co' — ' — ' CM* «J-' — ' — ' CO s a SisSlsssSIs cm'—' — — — * 5 M* IS — ft 3 IS !l§33S8g8*388S! s • •— T «-T«-T csT t-TirT i CM i s' sassssggsss -*CM — *— '— CO 6 2S CM ^ 5 N* ES^SSSSSESSSSSSS S 1 •f 3 SilSi 9 s SgSgSiSaSSSsaSiS 1 co'—' r^'co'cMVj-'in— *‘ R S slSSSslissllIsIs s as“,5's‘2S!8SK'ssasasj' sf i !' sIslSISsSsS “"gs "s "* ‘si ssi 3 ^ 3 s CM CM gccT Table 1. — Current-fund income of institutions of higher education , by source , region, and State: 1955-56 — Continued E. Liberal Arts Collbgbs [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 For student aid i (scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes) 16 $12, 663 12, 644 5, 138 rs^^OOOOOOOLO I — * U-> CO r-t CM r*. —4 CM OOCMI^ rHCMOCSJrH 2,950 in co oo — 4 cm t co co o> oo | CO O CM OO CO oo — « CO CD r^. CM *3- CM — 1 — « CM — • CM From auxiliary enterprises (gross) Other auxiliary enter¬ prises 15 $66, 962 66,710 14,765 *3-COCDOOCMCOCDCMOO opsrvinifii — cd *3- oo oo — i co —4 co co oo co cm 19, 012 r^^tcMrsrH^iotDcnoor^o CM^cDOcDr^oooocMr^oorv OOtOOCOCDO^J-CM ineHC) cm"— Tr-T — TcvT — T ccf Dining and resi¬ dence halls 14 $148, 922 148, 454 © ! s *3" — * m —4 CO CO P*** to OO CM roONcvj^cvjin^co OrOOlOHOMDO CM— To — T— T— icM— 4* 42, 904 6,429 4,377 3,641 1,911 3, 166 4, 957 1,557 1,137 142 12,656 386 2, 545 For educational and general purposes from— Other sources CO $9, 913 9,789 Is CO cvuooa>*Hrs*-unrN tncMCD*3-ooor^oor^ — i OO COCO— i 2,919 | CD CO *3" CM CO f — OOOONOCD CDOcvjompscnrN cd— «r"* OO — 4 — 4 CM — 1 OO CO Organized activities related to educa¬ tional depart¬ ments 12 $9, 548 9, 416 2, 678 O lOO • iOOCM — 400 CD 1 CM i 1 CO — * oo CM 1 1 i O CM — • 1 1 1 1,128 i i in cm oo i o iuocmcmoo wooors i *3- i cr> — i tn —1—4 • CM i OO i i i i Private gifts and grants 11 $75, 570 75, 268 | 19, 787 895 349 4, 784 329 821 6,710 4,663 929 307 27, 412 | CM OO CM O OO CM to CD O — 4 co in fd- CD o o — 4 o to oo cm cm co— i— 400*3-^-or^ cd tn m ^oocm— Tcmcm— T *3-" co Endow¬ ment earnings 10 $40, 981 40, 960 | 15, 997 i 1 mr^o> OO CM *3- i CO CO CO CM CO CO OO OO 1 KT oo OO CM CM ** 1 —Tf-ToO 1 9, 981 cm —4 co cm r^» o cm —4 co p*«* co in oo cm o oo co co — 4 cd co oo m to oo co cm cm — 4 *3- —4" CO Local govern¬ ments $14,244 14, 202 © 1 1 i ! 1, 439 1 II III 1 r- 00 1 1—400 • 1 ico 1 in 11 — < 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 00 1 11 111 1 11 111 1 11 111 1 Veterans Adminis¬ tration for tuition and fees - $3, 172 3,160 1, 247 COUOOCOCOLOOOOOOO OO —4 —4 «d-CM— 400 —4 rtinoo 567 oocooooomocD o tn — 4 00 CM —4 00 cm 00 —4 0 —4 cT00 Student fees ** $238, 205 237, 238 91, 033 rvinor^oirHeHinoo ooocsJNoo^oooom ^■ocoinrsorNOOto itTcm in ?*feo cm — * OO CM fH inTfNtO^pHCMOlO CD •— * OO CD O OO •— « — ' O cooo*3-cD^j-moooin of coco r-To^rCco CM COCO 130, 129 OO OO CM CM —4 O CM OO CM —4 OO oo*toococdoooo*3-ooo^o m*3*mr^— 4CDOOOOOOCOCM cd‘-*"‘oocoofafm"*3r r^T— Tof CM —* oo Total cur¬ rent-fund income (cols. 3, 14-16) CM $722,371 717, 649 217,697 CO^^O— ' — i^COlO tntnincocDcoooo^ r^ooococDr^cDcocD csTirf— Te-Toooo'— TcTLff —4 «3- r>*m — * 194,996 1 *3-tOCT>*3-CDOO*3-COCOCMCM— 4 ONOcor^ff-cDCMNto^in oor^m*3-*3-CM— 4in*3-oocMCD trfr-Tooa^2ftTr^cc^ jjjWeX Region and State iH Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast.. . . Connecticut.. . Maine . . Massachusetts _ _ New Hampshire.. . New Jersey _ . . .. New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ _ Rhode Island _ Vermont _ North Central _ _ Illinois . . . Indiana _ Iowa.. _ _ Kansas _ _ _ Michigan . . . Minnesota . . .. .. Missouri _ Nebraska . . . North Dakota _ _ _ Ohio.. _ _ South Dakota... . . . . Wisconsin . . - HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 101 2 « SS? .sssasssssssks 3 1, 522 1,063 25 37 13 165 119 9 90 s I r^cM B a 2s“SISSIsIsS=siS x « incoo^r— .cn(Nj^^tocD»Hinooo cnj m — i cnj •— • m oo cm o •— • co CD - h* 1 s r-. CD co o co in in cnj cd cn» co co CD CO •— 1 CNjm CD r-T poofONinocmn»H o — < r— i oor^-mm^rcocNjcDoo^r^c£5oo omco^ajcoo^^ooco^tDco • •* - in ro o m cjdcocop^cnj^j- cnj m •— « oo co cd CD O CNJ CNJ CD ** C£> OOCD^t-H^HrHrHrOlOfHOOin^H CO CNJ.— i LO 1 co co i i CO i o o • I «-lCNj i i a 22 £ — a $8 i j i cnj co in » f i O i III J s 2 S2S: a i CD CM I • « i . ^ iii i i i CO iii i r 3 | j j : a H 2 £22 5 s§ i la s : is 3 8 llsilsllsssls ! csf esf cm* csf *-f csf csf esf iff ~ ! i» 88gS52 csf cm’ •— f .-T erf S o cnj ' in i i i i i i i ■ « 222S2 - - |s CNJ CNI CNJ CO i l i 5 ** i i i 1" s COCO^tOOKt CD CD CNJ eg CO ^ CO S £ S ^ CNJ —• CO °° CNJ a of SSIsS=ls§slsi s 3 cf SSSIIS 8 $T ssssspsssgss g erf i-f erf erf csf csf erf erf irf r*T —f csf 8 3 ssasgs erf erf i-fr-fcry 3 s il§isssS§gs2s 1 irf esf r-T csf •qr erf irf i-C o' csf erf .-T a a ggaSSS irf W — f esf csT iff i ■s 1 cn Q- I I t o i o I 1 I 1 2 o 509159—59 - 8 Table 1. — Current-fund income of institutions of higher education , by source , region , and State: 1955-56 — Continued G. Junior Colleges * [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] For student y aid ^ h-i (scholar- M ships, A fellow- !z ships, and M prizes) ^ d IVEl <0 H OF EDU( th tH 11 m o o o u * NATION, 19 iCMOor^mi^in i CM *3-^ 54 [-1 1 ° r i 956 **QO*-«CDOO.-«OOr-H lO-HOO LO »-i « 1 1 1 I 1 1 • From auxiliary enterprises (gross) Other auxiliary enter¬ prises 15 $14, 156 14, 156 2, 039 41 62 271 11 111 1,302 201 9 32 1, 562 **inoor^oo>CM CD CO O CO CM CM CD CO O CO CM oo —• — < — • *-< co Dining and resi¬ dence halls 14 $22, 878 22, 878 5, 484 OO CM LO LO «— • *-H OO ^ OO CM ^ CO cn CM — * OO CD CM m CO 4,958 CMOOOOCONCOOTOlOrHNPv to *— • i — -cfCMr^rvetoo oo in CD *— • CM — < co *— • CM For educational and general purposes from— Other sources to H $1, 802 1, 802 347 CM CM CM CM 274 ** in oo cd oo LO in CM r—4 1 06 cm r*"» O Organized activiti es related to educa¬ tional depart¬ ments 12 $1, 364 1, 364 507 1 1 1 i LO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i co co ' CD 1 i • i i 79 1 1 1 i i in oo i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oo i os CD Private gifts and grants 11 $7, 778 7, 778 1, 286 •d-CMO CD CO CO O *-« CM CM cn cm in oo CM 2,422 ttoor^^coNComr-^toooo oo *— « m o cm r*"' co oo r-irHN o *— • oo oo co Endow¬ ment earnings 10 $1, 851 1, 851 368 iCMco^tM’iors I ^ co** I CM ** 549 cm m *t* oo o oo co o oo 1 > 1 P^OO ' OO— « 1 CM »CO i i i t i i i Local govern¬ ments O) $56, 692 56, 692 2,018 1 coo oo OO i oo CO 1 oo co i i 1 l 1 8, 299 OON^COOOO^-OO 1 CM CO CO CM O CD CM O l — • oo — • in oo co cm i OO 1 1 ZSE State govern¬ ments 00 $40, 346 40, 276 5,343 1 in oo i OIS 1 1 Ir^co i in n • 3,108 920 62 67 3 1,077 CM CM CM i in i i i • » i in ** Federal Government For other purposes $824 734 • co 1 •— « in m oo i ( l in to CM iCM*hO^*h COCO Grants or con¬ tractual amounts for research <0 o o CM CM 165 1 • l I wo I i CO 1 1 i i i II ; i i i i i i i i i i i t i i i i • i i i i i i i i i i i I i Veterans Adminis¬ tration for tuition and fees M 869 869$ 00 H OO ' CT> 1 i in cr> co r-H i co ** • i i i i 1 s — 1 OO CO CM OO— « CM — « CM Student fees $36,787 36, 722 11, 668 oom«— toooO.— iloo foininmoo^coNrt OO *-« CO ** CO O — • *3* CM CO — «* 8, 839 m ^ cm oo cm -h o oo oo oo o oo m o cm lo oo oo oo o Kf OO OO OO — < m -H r-» oo — T oo All sources (cols. 4-13) to !*• to CM tO fH 00 00 * 21,927 o^^moococo^H CNNrNONNOON't incMO)incNj»Hco 23, 679 r^OOLnCD^CM*— •«— lOOCDOOCM OOrHNrHOOttNONOOinps cor^r^oocM*— tcooor^^j- in cm" co cm 30, 319 r^oocDNooinrHinmoo)^ 1 OOCDOCDrfCDNOrHcnin OOCOCM^CMr^^OU) o oo —Tcm cm — T «-T Region and State ri Aggregate United States _ __ Continental United States _ Northeast _ _ Connecticut _ _ __ Maine _ Massachusetts _ ... _ New Hamoshire New Jersey... New York.... . . . Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island Vermont _ North Central _ Illinois. . Indiana _ __ Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas . . . . Michigan . . . . .. Minnesota Missouri _ _ _ __ Nebraska North Dakota . . . Ohio . . . South Dakota Wisconsin . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 105 : * : S?S2 iloct>co i i i ~- in Z$~ 8-8B««8SS888B8 I s~§~ esT 83* sss i i2~ : T aa8S88SSR8aSaB5 « ^S3°°§^5 iSSSSSSSSi — S8SS3S2S8& ~ CO isi~s §§ mnin 3S ss~° •-<»-« CM 8SsssBSI» s 2 - JSf g § >cn*g^o>~mg m co £ • KCV,CS4 ~ £ £ SaSE82S8SSaaS§a s -r of—- oi *883^385* S3 sssssissssagsgg a HNH ^VjV-T r-%-T CvT sii§SSSS~ ON — -TesT Si SSSsiSSssiissii i cvTco^^coinco — co csT csT ISas-SssS — TrCcvT ^-Tt-TcvT Si Table 2.— Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher education , by purpose , region , and State: 1955-56 106 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 O 1 I 2 3 < Q Student- aid ex¬ penditures for scholar¬ ships, fel¬ lowships, and prizes 3 $96, 224 95,490 34, 530 sssEsases co r-C c\T— Tr-T 23, 212 IsSssssIFSss ««%-«%-.* oo-r-r co* cm* For auxiliary enter¬ prises Other auxiliary enterprises a $284, 383 283, 855 54, 110 IsSllsIfiS co* o>*oiv*2£r-«* 2 s ssSsSSisssIss MVoi®VoVnVrs -a-* Dining and residence halls 3 $354, 837 353, 750 94, 875 sasisSSSI 112, 341 CO of OO* CO of OO* CO CSI* COmcO Educational and general expenditures for— Organized activities related to educa¬ tional de¬ partments S 5222, 345 222, 007 46,881 756 197 4, 080 415 211 25, 532 15, 080 265 345 1 R HiiSSSIS=2S £*^*o*co*£*■* -Too-*-* 24, 077 IOCM-. -^rcO-H*^* CO* ~* Extension and public services CO $141, 074 137, 914 16, 424 SiisssSiss »h •—« in ^ 44, 469 Ilaslsssslgs Ot>eM*CM*CM*OOCM*CO*»-r CO*-H*in Instruction and depart¬ mental research in $1, 148, 510 1, 140, 655 307, 432 18,696 4, 146 54, 242 5,217 24, 196 129, 844 61,333 5, 805 3,952 349,474 SSSSSSSSgSSI General adminis¬ tration and general expense * 5358, 380 355, 207 S i ^*nfc.Wcoc,*-r 101, 087 aalslillssss CO of U-f CO* CD CO* OO* OO* CO^lff I! ft CO $2, 788,799 2, 766, 367 736, 559 41,436 9, 508 160, 985 11,136 50, 085 293, 226 148, 428 12, 962 8,794 1 1 sggllssilSsS gf RKS5 s : cssa" rfs‘ Total current- fund expendi¬ tures (cols. 3 and 11-13) N $3, 524,744 3,499,463 920, 074 54, 767 13,375 200, 600 16, 932 62, 355 350, 622 189, 543 19, 191 12, 688 1, 042,936 gslalasSlsls Region and State i-l i i ij i 1 Connecticut . . . Maine _ Massachusetts . . . New Hampshire _ _ _ _ New Jersey . . . .. New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania . . . . _ Rhode Island . . . . Vermont _ _ _ _ _ _ j i ; I Illinois _ _ _ Indiana _ _ _ Iowa . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . Michigan _ _ _ _ Minnesota _ _ _ _ Missouri _ _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ North Dakota . . . . Ohio . . . . South Dakota..... . . . . Wisconsin . . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 107 3 s 5i»S28 SBgSBSsSgS 1 cj-r — w ~ ~vr-r 3 00 276 4, 371 914 173 127 140 371 111 323 547 187 B 0- i a i ji i i : : S s IsISsISIlIlSIISi 1 cvT mVwVn«ooisV«oionc4 cvl i SllgssSISIg eviWco.-r.-T nfofofuf 1 a H i ! i : S3 3 3 IlsglSISSSasaSSl 1 coco co co co co W' xt o co in' to to oo co co 3 5 assasSISSss ~VTin _f rtViHio' s ; 1 a h i :: ! ! S~ R 3 SsaaSsIsssalssss s in of rC 8 tf IsIssssSIIs -Tuf —%-T o-T CM s 2 i ii S j n oj> CM 3 a iasisslasilsssis I co ^oCtnc^inuf-^rCco in s § Ss§i§“S88K8 —"roof «-T of of of OO 1 1 1 S » _r i ji • II OH 1 s' sssSSsssssiclsSll § coW •J‘comnote»u:;tooi to 8 s sllSsasIsls .-firfof-H'.-r w-»coo4in S i oo" ' « 8 N r-*" i a sSHIsigaSsSlslsg a — r ^w_Wr-r — -tow 5 iH a ISaaaSISISS of -r « i ! — S S sf glSSIaSssassaasa S of of — T^r" ofooWofinWoiWofof.-r 3 s sslalaiSags o%-T ^Tof-W :' | • < 3 :: H CM •< vT c a- 00 355 M~ § s SpSSSS22S2B2S£3 1 co co ~ 2' 2" °°" 2! 2* 00 2 5 1 2 2~ 2" s §§s§§8sgssa in 'rjeJoriW -Woof S i 2 S— 2§ C 10V 3 tf “SllsIsllasgaSla a co of in^FcocoirtoTtomcoificoinef in s sssSlsislis —ww .-rojof^-- S : CO t 3 S«s 0 0 1 s s' ISaaaiSlilssssla 1 ss^saassassasssa s s a sisSsSsssls ^-cor.oo.evjoooj^in 1 ! S' i 3 ISsss n- a 2-.o- I 876,445 slSSSlIslilsIlss 1 3a“s@ftggaasss|sa 3 s 3 ssg~§§gggag 2-gWoWWjojoSW B i 5 i 3 s~§l~ q - in" oo of in" o' oo" cM^^r-TcsT cm" Dining and residence halls 11 $167, 911 167, 010 20, 361 Tj-lDOOOOCM^OOO o «-h cd m oo r-» oo CDcDCDCnCD*— 'CNJLDLO s-Tr-Tr-T irfrC 59,985 CMCOr^OOCDCDCDcDCDr^CDr- I oocDcocDr^^}-r-*LO-HLnr^cD co in co r—i »— * oo *—* *3" oo cd oo o" •*3-" csT cd" co" cm" *-T of oo Educational and general expenditures for— Organized activities related to educa¬ tional de¬ partments 10 $136, 156 135, 830 8, 385 oor^.Hj-inH3-cooooocD OO CD CD «—■ CD CD *-• O ^ CD CM oo CO in 56, 793 i | incor^cor^ocMOOOOD. M’COCDCOCD'-HfOCOM’O i OO CMCDin-^-CDooinr-icooo • cm in of cd"^-" in r-T csT i in i I i Organized research a $273,009 267, 705 15, 187 coocMCsjM*r^^i^^ lo lo cd r-. oo cm in in oo oo o lo corC 72,498 cMOaiin^tNOOOinNN^ ^■r»s^co-H| — oomocMin— < in in co cd cm o o cn oo cd cd — frCin coco of cm cm r-T Physical plant oper¬ ation and mainte¬ nance 00 $184, 773 182,935 22, 142 cm co o co co oo o co OO CO CD O CO cm cm cm m cm cm —1 CM"r-T S-Too^ r-H i-T Extension and public services <0 $130, 313 127, 153 10, 607 oocDOtcocviotnors ocoM^tinomoo) CM CO LO — • ^H cm CM m CM^ 41, 373 oornomoNooincooMn co r-H co cm oo in o oo • oo oooooM-ooininrvf^mcMO CD"cMCMCM‘r^CM"oOr-H OOr-TiO Instruction and depart¬ mental research m $673, 587 666, 325 84, 757 •^ooco^-oor^oor^^- M-^mcoM- cor^rvco rH^in^ocoooocvj co cm in cm co crTr-TcsT 231,820 OCOOCMOOM-COM-TflOrtrH rHr^C£)4d-MTvCMCDincOrHOO 1 — CDUOCDCMCDinOr^CDOOr-H cm" in" cm" cfr-Tof rC co co cd CO CM t-« r-H in r-H co r-H General adminis¬ tration and general expense $152,513 | 149, 632 17, 671 cor-cocor-oo^CD— h OiniDCOOOCVJNCMO) cm oo o m f-H o m — T r-T t-T cd" cm" 1 48,913 | 0)rHCMN00CMO^rsooin cocM*Hininimoino)^MO> COI — ^3-^rCMOlOOr-HCDCMCDCO odcOCM"cM"co"co"cvT csT CO CM All purposes (cols. 4-10) $1, 596, 601 1, 575, 314 163,412 11,994 5, 762 11,027 5,109 6, 639 77, 494 36, 030 4, 241 5,116 528,702 | ocD»tcncDooooo*Hinocn OOONCDCDOCOtOCDOOCDN CMCDOCOCMCDCOCDCOCDCMCM r^"oc7fcM'c\rLfrcsTrCodr-rocrcsr psinOOOOCMTfCMrH co ^ Total current- fund expendi¬ tures (cols. 3 and 11-13) CM $1, 960, 145 1,936, 390 196, 962 COM-aiCMrHifKOOOpH rx^WCMrHOOOOM-O) CMCDCOCDCDCOOOCMCM irTrCcrTcd^r^Too^in inco 665,939 | CDincDCDrHfO^tM-OOr^OlCM oor^-oocDincocDoooor^.coco OOini^-CMCD^CO— 'CMOOOO oo" o cm o r-T oo" rCs-T — T in of of oor^mHa-inincMCM— o j ! 22, 673 ~in ~~ ~ B 2 i ; ; :S5 ! B s sIsSSsIskIssIsIs : co" «-T itT ^tcsT co csT — T trT oo eo-Tco-T ! i 124, 239 ~ 151,068 5,137 88, 335 10, 301 2,615 4, 070 1,150 4, 467 9, 050 6,397 17,324 2,222 17, 731 8 rC 639 74 67 4,616 1,865 [ 42,009 1 ISISslsssSslllsl 3 csTeJ *sTc^^“cMC>re>re^— -Joo'esT-r 34,917 SIsssssSSrs ~oTcsT ~VT~t»> 6,121 2,882 220 28 18 2, 131 484 s 5 sIssliilsSgsl-sl 3 J5S ■ gj 2 : 88 Cs » 83 S SJS5 82 ~ 1 405,750 1 o^cowcsrco2w 33,820 21,287 1 2, 620 125 100 13, 190 5, 252 S S' 463,777 48, 376 23,755 2,928 125 100 14, 478 6, 125 i i j i Arkansas _ _ - . - - - Delaware - - - - Florida _ _ _ _ _ Georgia. . . . . Kentucky - - Louisiana . . — . - M/irulonrl Maryland - Mississippi... . . . . North Carolina.. - - - - Oklahoma.... - - - - - - South Carolina _ Texas. - - - - Virginia . . . . . - West Virginia . . . - . . District of Columbia . . . . i i Arizona _ _ _ California - - - - Colorado - - - Idaho _ Montana - - - - - - Nevada _ New Mexico . . . . . . °!T" . Utah — - - Washington _ _ _ _ _ _ Wyoming . . U.S. SERVICE ACADEMIES. _ _ ! i f Alaska... _ _ _ _ _ Canal Zone _ _ _ _ Puerto Rico . . . . Territory of Hawaii . . . I 1 .5 1 Q> 5 I CD I ! I 1 I J 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 111 8 a ss-Ssl!s§s§gI!lS 1 _f ~ r-? 5 « •SSaassKg erf s s 2 tf 11 -f SsSsisilllSs! s eS~m~-r~ coVT in'tcf— f oj S s' SglgSESSE! O' r-f-f s g 3 3 *-f cfcoor-TesT in' pj^-'tocrf erf B s' 3sS83s§8S oV-f -T esf a s B s' s’ ^gassaga igggs s j^r iC 3 s ir i of ; issa a a a s' 3S IS-SS ig~~il§ ! s -r —vr i 04 -r-r | in i i i s' siT i <*v«~ : CSI i § S5 asa5l!ss§!s!si!S s _r^rF_rr_-cvr cC ~csiWViT « 3 of S5!S“SSII m co r-< oo « co co cn 2 ^ £3 s r | i iss1" 3 of SS—SSSSSSSSSgSS g CO»H rN(OCO^(D«HO)CMCONCOU)«H ih 3 aSSSSsaSjg ofevT esfdTerf 3 8 B s' siSsIlSsSSgiSSSS' S t-T eo'cM-evr-H-co- ^^Herfirfen' in 3 s' SSSSSSSSS r-irNinw»H cvir^cM crft-T -T 8 a S If SSISssgggsftSSSSS 1 s'a'”'='s'”'s''f“,'a's'='~' s' 1 geo — inVrtef a rf g -r a s‘ SssKlssIsSsSiSsi 1 ofe*f of r^f ^ in' o' vf~ •oj'i rC o' o' r-f erf csT B s' H SIsSEsgjijs of of r— f t'CtOO* 3 rf § -r j i l j | i | 1 i I j i ; i i 1 i !N|N||||||| | iijjJljlJ it ! iiiiiiiii i 111 I i i I j S ; j | i ! I I i Table 2. — Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher education , by purpose , region , ant/ State: 1955-56 — Continued 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 113 3 cT _T ,-T »— T" 3 -* 167 2,387 486 41 70 140 161 268 282 251 184 s IS g S5 8S8SS3gsSSS§SS88 1 cm'-T cr' -rco-r-rCuacsT-co « s s “’3§gSS3?3§~S -TffTcM- « «CM-CM-^-- 1 3 s slISSssSIslSIssS g CvT "»r-T CM-CM--H-«CO-«-r00-CM- CM 3 s §siisBigi~~§> coco -r -VicsT s Mg 5 Sf g3SSS*§liilIi3ig I i-JV-T id co-cocMcrTooirr rC 3 a S§§g382SSS8 cmltT -r ~ ~ a S3 CM 3 s alsIggsISSssSlis 5 c*> r-H-ococMirTto-^'i^.-CM- < - oi~ a s S3g38§3g§«8 CM-^OO-^-CO -HCM CD-00 CO CM s ID ss 3 s sSslgsiSIsssSS-s S r-T~ CO«--H-CM-CO CM%-T CM-CO CO i ss 2-CM- -TcmVI a CM 51 cm' s 3 siiiigsisss—isi i Rr3^afa^»sf^rf8rsr8rrf s 3 2 sssISaSgall ”sa-»'r'~‘“ssss“f 3 s Is com 098 ‘03S 1 slSlissISlssllIs s £3 E5 SfKfe? sfsfaf^s: S £3 S s i ssssslslgsg ~ag"“>"”~a‘asfa“r 1 s 2'cd' i I i;|i ! yy j llilllllllllllll 1 i i i i : i : i : i i i i i !!!!!!!!!!! i S S Kill j m 1 s Table 2. — Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher education , by purpose , region , and State: 1955-56 — Continued E. Liberal Arts Colleges [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Student- aid ex¬ penditures for scholar¬ ships, fel¬ lowships, and prizes 13 $28, 826 28, 773 10, 907 o *—* o> CO CO ^4 ^cvjiDLOO^rr^cvjo cmocmcdco csT coco 7, 419 4t(j)iDcoo)Ncocvjcoooc\jrv co^oocjoomrvMco^fHin O OO KT CO CD CM «-H O'— 1 CD *-T c\T For auxiliary enter¬ prises Other auxiliary enterprises 12 $69,321 69, 094 16,127 ^cmocmcmcococ om rHrHCvjinoro^^to a>cMO—«*3-CMincM^ CO 18, 903 »— •r^.CDCMr-tcor^r^cDCDr^.cM cor^cDr^r^oo.— ^^000)00 0)0(0 oocnco— ^oor^-LOcnoo 000>0>*3*OOCMCO*3-CD «~T ocT o' ofc\T«~T 37, 902 ^■coooor^incDin^foo— *m Or-«nfCDCMOOOOCMCMOOa> oors^^jiM^cMO^mcoco incoco^cS^r r-T r-T cm* Educational and general expenditures for— Organized activities related to educa¬ tional de¬ partments 10 $9,776 9,751 1,679 1 1 1 oo i co i CO ICO 1 1 CD CO e-H CO CM 1 1 lOOCOrH 1 1 1 1,413 coooco i «—< CD •— * CM CO If-H CO r-H ICO 1 1 co oo co co Organized research o> $8, 219 7, 097 2, 301 1 o)^*cn itncoHN«t 1 *3* *3- UO CM 1 1 3, 016 CM Ln 1 CM CM i CD OO 1 ^}- *3- 1 co i i i i ICO 1 oo i^f i in i in i cd i i Physical plant oper¬ ation and mainte¬ nance 00 $78, 748 78, 178 25, 038 inrsO'-uoinomo cocncn-HOcococMco COOOCOMCM^tOOlO i n* *— T ocT ccT 20, 537 CMCDCDCDOOr-^CO^f^r-COOO cooo«*d-^— *r^CDr>.Ti-oo^*oo ooin^OMDOom *-i cm cm Libraries r* $20, 975 20, 888 6,444 locooocoioo^tcors *-T oT«-T 5, 238 cDcoininocDO-HCOcM^-o OOCDCMO)OONOCO»HOCDr^ O CO CM CO *3* CM t-H co Extension and public services CD $3, 622 3,405 1, 221 CD 1 1 CD CO CD 1 ICO 1 1 CD CM CM • i i i CD t-H i 652 r^fMhsCMrs cm cd in— « co m 4 53 Instruction and depart¬ mental research - $248, 460 247, 227 76, 476 5,150 1,606 12, 324 475 3, 921 33, 303 15, 605 2, 560 1,532 64, 147 cDincDCDTj-cD^mcDr^ocD cocMCDincoininoincotHO — • m oo cm ^ ir^co co*in*^rco*^f*in*CM'cM' oo* ^r* General adminis¬ tration and general expense ■>» $104, 551 104, 040 | 32, 422 ^tm^'ttcDinoorsfH CO »— * O O O CO CO OCO^J-CMITXM*— »CMO> *-T ccT f-Tr-Too' v-t CM O CO ^ocM^^comNCsiNOO »— iCDCOOCMOCMCDCDCDf^OO cDcMoomomincD oo r^ in* co* cm* »-•* cm* cm* f-T rC *-T All purposes (cols. 4-10) PO $474, 351 470, 587 145,581 intj-oitocoiniDino OOOOONOlSrHiDOO CM CD CD CD CD OO CM *■— « Oicoin t*CrCr-< a CM ID OO CO - . ,H(£)0coc7)inco oo irsCMMOiHO^ T-t cocMcocoroo^CT>m _ COCO— *^rcOO—.rHOrHincOOOCMrH^tD^C7) CO •LOco^rcMcncvjr^rxrNsrvr-.cNjcDto cm ) ^OCOCMOO^COf^lDOfHPO CM " f-TcM -<"c o"-*"— *"*0*" t-T cvTco" r-T —-T mcMNOMnin- • c co cd co ■ CO CM CM OO ■ *3* r^» o . coco ^ -h m— 4 0ooo oom NCDCOCOOCDO^OCMOOCMOO^COCn COCMOOOCML/OCOCOOOOOOOO— 'CDCO CMOO'HlOCMhs^-CM'tCMNOCOO’tO) •h r-T cm"-h" cnT cmcmcmcnT icom-HCMrs 00COCM— lONCOOOOOOJC^rNCOOOOO CO H0KMO0)in05omir)0)O0>4tN^ o co*— • cm co cm m co •— » co co o> m r-« cm •— I— H CO CD CM CO CD — lO ^4tiorfcncor>.4t •H0in^4tNio OrH^^in(OONCM(OCOMOOOr-iO OOrNtOTTOOOOCMMinC^OOCMOCMOOl 05oo«H-ico^oOfHO)oocoo^4j-cocoir> co"cvT cm" *3-" cm" r*T co*' — -T r-T cm" co" co" o" rC csT CMimmD^Of- «CT>CM ooooomco-^r-Hcnr^. CMrN^HfOr^rHrHO Oi CO CO CT> co m OOmC7)COC^OOCn«— 4CM«— ‘COCDCOCMCMCD wr^mino-«coco-*CMOcor^^«tcM •—•cm •— • oo o> m o> ir> o> oo co oo •— • cm *-h%-T cm" -h" cm" co" co" — T • CMOOCMCMm— nr^— -<• " oo"m" **3*" co"co" oo" cm" oo"ro"m" < CO CO CO CO CM CO CO .•3-Oco- loooocor^s • COIOCMMOCMCOOO cm" —4" cm" r-T«o" to" •COCOO^OJO CM tDMOQoinoNcvj-HOOors CM *-h CM CM CM > m 00 m cm 4 cMomco- • r in cm" co" — •" cm" 00" of co *- 1 c c _i-0OQ)Q)o2^:o-iO0(D <^ Table 2. — Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher education , by purpose, region, and State: 1955-56 — Continued 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Student- aid ex¬ penditures for scholar¬ ships, fel¬ lowships, and prizes 13 $1, 607 1,607 329 — '^J-OOCOCDCOCOCO CM 512 9 81 For auxiliary enter¬ prises Other auxiliary enterprises 12 00 00 00 00 iH 2,605 Or^OOCMOCMCM^CT> rHcorvcMoocooco f-H r-H CS1 CO CD 4,479 SS»SgS8S8«2S Dining and residence halls H $33, 940 33, 940 8, 046 ^(Doooocoooia- cMUDcnoooooor^coo CO CO I-* CM CD in o* — < CM CM 11, 884 398&8Sli9s33 -Teg ojVhV-T Educational and general expenditures for— Organized activities related to educa¬ tional de¬ partments 10 $3,551 3,551 472 1 1 CD 1 CO *3* Cs| 00 CO 1 CD ' oo O CD 1 1 1 1, 539 a ssssssss CM CM CO CO i i CO i i Organized research $321 321 CO 10 09 176 ii iiii i | i ; 1 1 1 i i CM i i Physical plant oper¬ ation and mainte¬ nance 00 $27, 351 27, 351 7, 472 co*3T^CM*o-cor^cg*3- COOCMOOOOCnN^H mrnrsr-irN.p- • co cm CM CM 9,150 r^cDi-ioaicoincD^tcoTfo ScoSr^SinooSS^coo Libraries $6, 260 6,260 1,534 cn o oi oo ^ o cm CM i i co h unto ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,329 Instruction and depart¬ mental research - $85, 789 85, 789 rH Irt a — «^-OcDcDcnr^cD»— < CMUD— 'COLO^^CO^ c\jM-mM-M-ioOLncM CM CM CMr^TlO 31, 295 5, 750 3,365 1,836 2, 005 5,193 2,671 2, 971 1,374 1,051 174 963 3,942 General adminis¬ tration and general expense O CD 00 00 as cx> ininro^rHfxcMOJCo UOCOlT>r^CMCM"CfCO co— 'to co cn CM 7, 663 1,851 925 414 484 1,011 581 613 627 210 65 315 566 All purposes (cols. 4-10) M $147, 743 147, 743 37, 110 CDM-CMDstDCOOOO — ■^rrocMcncMCDr^cMCM iniNorsCMCMOom co nr m&cncn 53, 337 9, 780 5,675 3,154 3,562 9, 306 4,131 5,190 2, 763 1,833 290 1,670 5, 983 Total current- fund expendi¬ tures (cols. 3 and 11-13) W $198, 137 198,137 48, 091 3,999 1,165 5, 001 1,147 5,213 17, 247 12, 664 996 659 70, 211 iSialalSIscI oo e<4 1 in to oo cvT esT r-T 1 1 e 1 H i i ij ii 11 | Connecticut _ Maine _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire . . . New Jersey _ New York _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island _ _ _ Vermont - i i Illinois _ _ _ Indiana _ Iowa _ _ Kansas _ _ - . . Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska _ North Dakota _ umu _ _ . — . . - - South Dakota _ _ Wisconsin . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 117 Oi M cd lo i^tcorvcMOOr^OirH r-» LO <—iOO CM *-* CM •—< *— • 1 1 1^ 00 CO ^■cDCDTj-r^o oo) *3- oo in Oi m in om*3-or^ocnincDLncDooo in rsO)OOrMC^inor^rxooc^oto cvj *3- »-h co ^ f-< m co co oo oo »-« co CO rH CM egino)^ooN ooooocsim-^ ocg »negin 10, 419 | mco«tO)oooir)o>oo^^o> ^ »HCOoocor^ocMrvi-*CMOOooco omcgcDoo^oocNjcncDcocDiD CM co co eg cd nn > *3 cd • • > it iii 00 Mf m *— • eg icorHrH cd in i o *-« ICO 1 © i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i nj- i i CD i ■ l i i l i i i i CM ii l i i i i i i i i i ii i i l i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i ii i i l 1 1 1 1 l l 1 II 1 1 l i i i i i i i il i • rH ID II II OO 1 ICO 1 1 I ICO 1 1 II II II II ro o> h r*. *c3- in o f— ' id cm o> in «— • oo ooinrHcnrHf^ooi^rsoo^ino o eg •— * cd ^ oo tn d> co eg co *-h CM CD CM* co co co co eg CD OO OO CD O CD cd cd «— « eg co co w a H -=tO0OOOO^«tOOO^OCOO CD o^^r^rcD*— «egegegcDCT>r^.cM eg ,Hrt^^HCM»HCgCM ^ 00 CD in co o cd — • eg co *— < eg cd eg • 00 m ii ii CD CD CD OO i i CO O CD *3" OO i CD eg cd in i iocooonq i«h II II II II CM *— i r***. co O) cd co »— • CD — * ^ CM 00 rH CM CDLnCM"=J-CMOOCDOO^f»— 1*— IOO CD ^■'cT'^o^cocnr^cvjcD^rNCD «— • ocDinoir^cM^tinocorvooM- oo eg *-T f-T r-T .-T cm" *-T co* co* *-T in co m 00 CD CD CD cd o in cd cd o)rsmrvcDin — **-T eg* 2 CM * or^r^cviojcoivocoincoino) cd eg-HincDOPNCocDr^cDOOi^oo «cr meg^inrxcocoM,cocDO)rHco © CO CM* ^^tCONOO rNOOcoinrsO) cD^^ejeg^t M ID CM*' co cd oo eg r^. cd co co cd oo eg in r-i omoNeginoNiHCMrHoom oo loego^^-M-CMcn^ipHinococNj cd coVT co* co cm" cm* ^3-* co in* cd" r-T cvT ro CO rH in* ^•oococDinrM OO CO CD CO CD *h cd eg oo cd cd co*co* ^h\-h*CO* e CO m 00 in M,CVJPOr-i(DOin^trfO't»HO) OO oo o ^3- cd eg eg oo cm in eg oo cd o OOCMOOM-OOCOfHfN^CMrHCM O irT eg*.-** "3** ^ c\T *3** co* ■*3'* r>T cd* c\Tpo* •— T in r>* CM rH* CM cD»nrso^o egcor^ooo^^ ir>* ^r* r-TcvTeg* in* i 118 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF © e* = a, * sf .2 8 s ■D u © .£ 5® ■& “ «3 g .2 a ’■£ V) a «5 t 5 cm mmcocomcooo*3*o>m cm CO-H -Hr-I CM Dining and residence halls 11 $16, 807 16, 807 3,422 1 II CO *3* -h *3- CO CM m 100 00 OOOCD^rscD i O rf -hOOCOCOO*3* i CM iH j CO CMCO^MO^OCONCOCM't mocooomoicoH cm m i CO — H CO CM — H CO -h Educational and general expenditures for— Organized activities related to educa¬ tional de¬ partments 10 $1, 382 1,382 427 II II 1 1 II i icm i i co eg i i c* 1 i CM 1 1 0 1 I f* • 1 • 1*3- « 1 iH ii ii ii ii ii I* ii li I I || 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ (7)0)0 J J 1 i^ i i-H Organized research o $168 168 113 ii i i i i i i II i i ICO l l 1 l 1 l II I II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 (1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 « 1 Physical plant oper¬ ation and mainte¬ nance 00 $24, 377 24, 360 4,287 CO OO CO CM —« CM -h O 1^ ooN^rocMNMfHin iH oo»-icocM^r -h o cnT *t mo-H^toooo^tom-HrH rs-imm»HU)CMmr>.oocMps CM — h co CM -H CO -H — h Libraries $3, 850 3,841 510 oo *3- o in cm oo —■ i-** -h co *3* -h c* CM II misff— H-HftcMmcoocMm o -h to r** -h kt *3- — h -h »— i co ~ " | Extension and public services CO $4, 476 4, 465 Oi 00 M CM ! ! i 1 CD CM CO ! II in 1 -Hill i CO 1 o l i i ICO 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 till 1 II No-Hrscooom ! ! cm io>| CO CM CO m CM OO II 1 I -1 CM i i l . . . ii 1 ii i ! l 1 II 1 ii i | Instruction and depart¬ mental research in $84, 325 84, 183 10, 931 oo cm m mm co *3* -h ph cMNNcoommcooo c* CMrHOOCMCONP> -h CM —T co in fH oo o co -h o o cn -h cm cm rvr>sc^coo-‘00 0)0-00-HHU5ffN^ T -H — H* r-T l r> Total current- fund expendi¬ tures (cols. 3 and 11-13) CM $174, 149 173, 924 27, 860 ooooco*3-comocMm CMcnocoomcoooco CO *3- CD OO O* OO CO r^ ^ *-T in cm 30,022 OCO*tCMCOOOP^O*t-HCOCO cMmoHc^fm-iNH-cM cMO)*fCMcocMTfmo)m-io oo CMCM^r-Tr^T t-T z c n » si oi C o) e < u c 5 U « ■ - * ! o ; «2 5 o -5— c z ^ — i >- tn 0) O 355=o^ CD CD Q) Qj _c; o _co o _ ^ CD s O 2j= Q2 J= o HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 119 Table 3. — Plant fund receipts of institutions of higher education , by source, region, and State: 1955-56 A. All Institutions 1 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] w Tota| a available g during 2 year 2; (cols. 2 g and 12) p >UR\ rEY ( 2S © h- 3 5 M CO tH H tA 3F I CO O o i M EDUCATION, tOCMOOOi'sDOOiDOOO sfioifitDincoon’t ocDooooooinr-.p-.co >— TcrfirT cvfcrf cT pC co CM CO CO 19 co o c n © co '54—195 6 cTiCNiLncvimoo^^omr^LO coocorvrvcMif)r-.woooo corvinr^i-T Loans to plant funds from— Institu¬ tional funds OT $23, 474 23, 474 IA © © o^cMr^oor^^fn-oco CO CVJ CD CX> CNJ O') UO O") CM cvj oo co o Noom ' co co CM CO CO CD O — • CD i — ' OO O OO UO r— > CD ' CVJ OO CO 1 — 4 . *3- 1 1 1 1 Noninstitu- tional sources $107, 405 167, 334 24, 243 O CVJ O O OO CO CM uo oo co cr> uo cvj — cnj oo — • cvj oo —4 csT *Tinco CO 07 Cvj cvT © co in oo © cocorvcoro^ocor^oorvcD OCO^J-CNI— i OO OCO UOOO CD OO rCrCco-TTO^coiocM^ cvj CVJ Additions to plant funds from— Other sources 00 $40, 534 40, 518 11, 365 ocncoco^rcvjcooocD co oo to co cnj — 4 —• Or-.^in 10,713 ootomoooiotDrvoo^oo ^NCDO^-lvOCXJOOCvj^OO CD CO CO CNI —• —4 CO CM UO lf> Private gifts and grants $143, 177 143, 045 CM r! to a? —4 CVJ CD O i CD UO O 1 i i OO CD — ' ' —4 CM ' ii ii i I ii ii l 1 State govern¬ ments i in $222, 751 219, 462 © tH rH 12,431 1, 179 8,917 403 5, 266 12,429 467 2 | 82,735 1 O f— » — 4 OO CO O UO 4BJ- — f CD CM COOOtflrfOCDVOOOCO «5d-CMr*.C7>0>OOUO»— ICMO— «o CD © CO — 4~ CD** CO l n CO oo co Federal Govern¬ ment ** $13, 2G7 13, 267 in ■o CO i 1 2,086 1 O 1 ' OO 1 O — « — « CD All sources (cols. 4-8) i CO h* h- on o m h- co CO CO tA 115, 983 17,992 1,834 16, 384 642 10,176 42,545 24,433 1,655 323 138,856 25, 257 17,745 6, 773 4, 749 26, 996 7, 114 8,818 4, 847 499 29, 135 384 6, 539 Balance at beginning of year 1 ^ $488, 074 486, 577 129, 964 7,301 1,201 17, 178 1,067 11,133 66, 057 23,485 1,473 1, CG5 125, 110 20, 280 23, 639 2,316 3, 789 15, 087 4, 761 6,936 3,787 217 31,660 3, 898 8,739 Region and State tH Aggreqate United States. . . Continental United States _ Northeast _ _ Connecticut _ _ _ . Maine _ _ _ Massachusetts . . . New Hampshire _ _ _ _ New jersey _ _ New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island Vermont _ North Central _ Illinois _ _ _ _ Indiana _ _ ... Iowa _ _ Kansas.. _ _ _ _ _ Michigan _ _ _ Minnesota... _ Missouri _ ... _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin . . . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 121 © 11,316 10, 653 5,011 26,118 14, 891 20, 606 15, 138 22,351 5, 598 33, 724 25,612 13, 030 14,525 75,752 18, 599 11,966 18,515 247, 889 co 0 00 r's 0 0 co ^ r^. 0 — iCMCococDcomr^cMcoco ^fominooocMr^Nr-.^ — " co co 0" cm" cm" r*T in" r^T cm" I ^ CM CO I 2 00 cd" 1,892 2 1,961 2, 509 <0 g (DtoooocMCDCD^inoooooooinr^oo cd cv.'^r-.rvoo^roc^intDrHinin^^o oo LOCO*— OO CT> O CO •— iCOOr- 1 CM —* —• —4 CM Ki- —1 —« CO f T CM to 1 m ^fco>HrHooNinorstoo 'rfOCJr-irsi — COCDinCMCO cocop^oomo>inoor^in«-i 00" 0" cm" rC r-H* ~-4 r-T co cm" 1 CM '1 5 CO lj CO 1 1 V OO CM CO CM -Cf CD 00 in — «"c\T m m hT <0 •Haioo^oo^^LOtootootocM r-. CMCnCO^_Or— «CT5cDLOCDUDLO«cf^-"cr^- co evi co «3- ~ id" co cm in’ oo •-< ro ■ h iH ro co — ‘CDcor^ocDoor^oooo— < inrH^^CDTtO^OON *3-CD»—" cor*- lin^-r^ looooco— «cmooc£3^*- — • cm cd ifHNN i o a> «— • in cd — oo in cm o i-Hino ico r-^ cd o *3- oc oo co o cnT*-T i cm" cvT i in" cm r-T ecT cm" D CD in to LO CM CM in OO ' OCMOOCMOO 1 CD O CD 1 — cd" ^r" in 1 r-4 0 CD OO ! OO O —4 CD 1 CO CO CM 1 cm" cm" • rM 1 r^» 1 1 m — • 1 C3 H H corH^cMr^a>r^o^oo»-H05tcMCMrs oo cM^^oouj^co^tCNTrrvcM-HCMr^co in Nr-tcMOoinm ^ cd m -h Tt cd cm r-« cm" cm CM CM h CsNOO^rH 1 mininooo » oo^cm^j- ■ 1 co cm co 1 CO — OO CO 1 ; o cd r"» i"*. 1 1 (0 CD ■ 1 • <0 1 1 CO 1 a s SSTSSSiSSiSSisSls 1 r-T rtcJco csT csi" ■<3r —r s 3 00" —4" 3 ig- i 8 * III III III II 1 OO i i iOO i ' iCO i i * O) O i i i i i i i i i in i i i cd o i i i iii iii in i i i •— i m • * • iii iii iii ii i iii iii iii ii i iii iii iii it i iii iii iii ii i iii iii iii ii i iii iii iii ii i 3 « »i»3 ! j rC 1 1 1 1 1 1 ico * m 1 1 ICO* « 1 CM 1 44,273 | =l52111Iil«slS=l i ~~coesT csiM“~esTo— wVNr ; 3 s §8S#SSaS8«5| in*too~ in^cooo CM a «“ s csT 1 1 11 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 ico i i m i i i i i i i i cm cm i co i in ii i i i i i i i i cd i r**» i ^ ii i i i i i i i i r—i i CD i ii i i i i i i i i i in i ii i i i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i a cT 1 CM 1111 1 1 1 1 1 isss i I i M’459l §f S 1 S cvT csT .-T in to* ltT co" io cvT t^T co^ 00“ 00 0* to 10 rT ipilgsllsl id'uoirftfT s s 0 Sg t\T 1 s g§s!fg§^ Sjl oo" u-f cJ" in of to~ o' r-T 2 tn to csT ejf r-~T to g rkSSSSHIS” esTo^-T csT^-T irTcoco s I 00 in : 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological, and Other) for which separate data are not presented in this table. Tablets. — Plant fund receipts of institutions of higher education , by source , region , and State: 1955-56 — Continued B. Puplicly Controlled Institutions 1 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 Total available during year (cols. 2 and 12) a 5829,128 823, 257 117, 106 19,911 2, 231 15, 474 1,905 8,299 58,418 8, 126 185 2, 557 281, 945 38,813 41,068 9, 621 10,518 71,121 11,783 11,161 15,112 3, 861 51,240 3, 285 14, 362 Total additions, loans, and transfers (cols. 3, 9-11) a 5500, 197 405, 780 1 s SSSS8SSS5 csT 1 S' ilSIlSsSISll Transfers from current funds a $120,443 119, 334 3 in -r 37, 909 co iriefefooco'-i'cf on cvT Loans to plant funds from— Institu¬ tional funds s i§ SS“' S 2 ;2 s 691 Z8£ Noninstitu- tional sources CD is V 3, 302 1 1 008 ‘I 50,782 5,512 4,458 2, 024 1,068 26,215 711 4,949 2, 572 1,600 'CO !t-T Additions to plant funds from— Other sources 00 $23, 268 23, 263 £ m s CO 7, 616 i 1 _-~T -rf ; Private gifts and grants Ni $9,941 9, 935 E g” 112 83 (2) 162 2 4, 773 CO JO 154 1,636 765 950 40 545 ' § 1 ; 1 Local govern¬ ments - 101, 238 IssilsSllsSs © no Balance at beginning or year CM $328, 930 327, 478 62, 626 5,336 353 6, 006 897 3, 878 41,643 4, 445 s 91,465 12, 122 19, 084 1,176 2, 673 11,918 3,612 3,143 3,572 217 24, 963 2,445 6, 542 Region and State H | 1 | ll 1 2 1 j New Jersey. . . . . Npw VnrU ii s Vermont... . . . — . i I i Illinois . . . . Indiana i Michigan . . . - . - j 1 1 1 j o*C Nebraska.... . — . . . . North Dakota . . . Ohio . . - . - . . bourn uaKoia . . . . Wisconsin . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 123 8§SSglSS8§SS8siS rCaf- ^ r-«*ooco oo c\T «-Tof I8SS8S§»S3S88S*8S csT-T *^ViV~ csTco'-h^cm-cm'w salSlSIslsS ~oV7 •J'oT-.'V S :££ r is i— m esT §|g~§S r-T O* Sli £2 ^csT cnj •— i cnj oo to co co *-« c\j cvj r*- *-i ~ eg «SS»5 sl-i as aS8 2Q?S :2S~S3nS Slnsiilggsgsl^ns r-i^-TcrToj «sTco»-m‘o^‘if>e>r^:‘ lisSSgS&gSS u-T co .-T mVmn SS csT 82 sss —T.-T’** co oo oo .-T cnT .-T cvT urf to" rr Ss-Ss-isssI s ioioVVh- u>uwin II rl as el S§SSsi~SgSS5SSSS €M^e^«‘c^rCu»«^inio^*«<» SgSgsgSSSr cnTto-T of-T egeo-r mm — sil>| ; ro ; ill ! i ! i u lUSWII «i 3 124 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 125 B i 3, 980 1,544 68 4, 537 6,607 7,206 2, 792 8, 929 1,232 23,619 4, 741 3, 840 5, 276 20,711 7,119 1,254 18, 497 48,757 66 28, 169 1,215 211 51 26 5,196 6, 637 5, 186 1 5 $ a gs“l§ipsS§ll3iS a cs"r-T to'coirf.-rrC ^•^r-T^ooco'-- T oj i rf ®BSSaSB8§§ to —TtOOrj 5 g 1 SOS ‘81 SBaS8S§i88SSS§88§ 8 r-T in co in ss 18, 198 -T co* 33, 882 SSSg&SgSSSss co* *1-* cnT e\T r-T co* csT --«* co* csT Loans to plant funds from— Institu¬ tional funds O $9, 591 9, 591 3 655 198 99 3,492 i ; 1,174 §? : i i i iss is i i i i i lo co i *-h Noninstitu- tional sources $73, 630 73, 616 13, 181 465 1,200 190 3,040 2, 079 4,407 is r ! I R 1 ISIS ialal -.“■or*-.* s* !e4Vef~r i Additions to plant funds from— Other sources 00 $26, 163 26, 163 7,133 1,080 40 313 864 1,861 2,966 CO a 00* ^*~* ~ ™ 3 II Private gifts and grants r* fH O CO o CM CM fH r-T in m v* 30, 244 3,661 639 178 1,790 10, 346 13,615 a 10, 643 2,753 1,204 31 154 868 765 2,015 151 868 s _* II Local govern¬ ments CO $4, 192 4,192 a j : i i ja I 3,763 1 1 i CO CO 0) 1 1 1 ID • 1 lCSjr>rH I | Ift i i ir^co*— ' ' • i cnj State govern¬ ments U) $129, 438 126, 855 17, 408 sss is h ~ co* |~* ; ■ 58, 60S SISS§sai-|gg co oTcor-rcvTcoirrpJ ■— «* Federal Govern¬ ment 1 ^ $6, 997 6,997 j : j j M ! 3 cf IW‘I Ofr 8* 012 All sources (cols. 4-8) " $218, 050 215, 466 s sT 15, 987 978 4, 6C2 178 4,115 12,518 16 697 a 83, 2S4 sis§§Ss§§g§S 1 oo* .-<* co" co* of ■o-*r-~-* oj* t-T co* Balance at beginning of year CM $274, 048 273, 659 51, 142 5, 125 351 8,727 477 5, 656 15, 584 15, 154 s a 3 ssgesggssggs j-Too-Tcvr^co'-^or c\T — <* ltT Hifflllli HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 127 O C75 CM CD CD •— » C co co co cm oo c inioiDOor^r^r^-cocDOa^ >CMcomincMf~ co CD co co co 5 CD *Tf CD CO — • « CM CO CM mO^rHrH in 105 05^10 « co m in —I cm — . — < oo co r-i^^JOlOOrvCMLT5CDC rv — COOC75I — o cm co * o co cm co co in in cd co CM CM CM — « incDinincMCMcoocj>r^CT>r — « CO CM CM in CM — « COCO Tj- CO SssISsIssrIsISsSIs csT oo csT erT CvT co cnJ txT .-T csT co~ c^T f-T oo" o-T in §~~3i§fsir -Tto cm— T oTw-T {flliljlili 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 a 5 CO •** 8 e .3 tit) * I S 3 % Q I I I 1 1 I a J w ‘o1 2 1 £ « 2 •Pm * ■S' 1 h. *8 e Total available during year (cols. 2 and 12) co H $328, 040 325, G54 79, 245 sss^ssssa irf “«-T ^ CO rCf-T cvf «-T » cmcm 1 s issssa8ssisg oo' evj' in' to' o' m* «-T cm' orT csTirT Total additions, loans, and transfers (cols. 3, 9-11) CM $225,424 224, 146 55, 449 §ss*s*§gs 65, 532 §53S88ggs§gg ^r'oo'm' oToo'cn'i— r«-T Transfers from current funds 3 S3 11, 891 SS^gSSSa cvT coco' i ®r csT ~ r-T csT Loans to plant funds from— ill o iH $12, 273 12, 273 § «r 2, 551 122 613 225 729 1,503 190 3 § CO ; Noninstitu- tional sources P i 250 17 1,509 isss is 1 8 4,327 2,923 1,450 162 4,463 1,804 100 304 3, 279 675 1,422 Additions to plant funds from— Other sources 30 I $7, 869 7, 803 a rT S8S 9 663 340 438 13 E rf 246 2 497 Private gifts and grants r>. si P 22, 852 760 478 4, 686 1,677 7.805 6, 225 958 263 19, 105 1,039 4,810 2, 095 495 1,943 1,494 350 1,095 4,760 224 800 Local govern¬ ments CO ss si” I I I III j ;S ! ! 1 ! ico : i i 5 i i : : i i State govern¬ ments LO $34, 747 34, 042 I 1 1 oo • 1 1 i i CM 1 1 1 ii lit 10, 370 1 1 1 1 co i i i i CO • MtH 1 1 1 SS :S3 to | Federal Govern¬ ment <■ 88 CO All sources (cols. 4-8) $117, 055 116, 152 23, 016 820 538 4, 938 1,686 11,797 6. 565 1,396 276 31, 118 6, 863 4,829 2, 372 878 3, 263 1,520 444 1,199 8,138 226 1,386 Balance at beginning of year CM $102, 616 101, 503 23,797 1,278 835 4, 962 ; rCco-T 25, 875 4, 796 3, 345 711 1,160 1,537 1,071 929 761 8, 382 1,453 1,731 :! HiiJJili HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 129 •OOCOtDOOOCOtDin SI § rina>tD«HO>imninoN. • CM OO *— • CM cm lo m * CO CO O > r—t CO OO O O OO CM r— < ^CVKOOCOCOOiOCnO^-CD co cn co >ioo^o — i^cooocor mcoVT *— • cj> oo «— * co *— • coco^rcoooio^rr^oo oo cm in i— i to CM CM CO 5 ioo«- i^j-f-noo*— iinMomoo )CVJfOf^'-»CMhsOO>COOCMcOCM » in oo cm •— * co o> c 3S 5 — « CJ> CO ) i— « CM LO CO NrHCDNNOiO CO CO O m •— * 00 CD ' — i CO 1—* co *—* co i r^s. »— i i Kt i o CO I CO ICO i LO O CD O ID a>r- ID T—i CO igssssgsssgss s 288 :gsr~g SI lss3slislsg§g ” r-TcvT -T cvj- CsTcsTr-T £5332 35353 csT-r -r §53~ -II i~liS5§sl22~5~S3 § esT -7 ^rcsTcsTco io~ cmMVT eg 23 SSSgjgggsgggisga g — T-4" «-T ^"csT r-T — T co' .— T to" ot~ agss2sg-s |5 Table 3. — Plant fund receipts of institutions of higher education , by source , region , and State: 1955-56 — Continued F. Teachers Colleces [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 1 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 131 132 4) 4»i e « "8 e e e •I £ £ e B 1 1 1 5 I 1 I ° •2 a *3 I i HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 133 r* h fH oo co oo m co co cn ir> oo o cm co «— • o I i^oooo)toifiincorHOONa>iocg co 1 CO ^-OirSrHr-linrtPgC'JOI^rH o i I r-T r-T^-TcvT CO 35, 941 48 30, 726 1,971 265 837 95b 1,138 2 CM 8 58 296 68 1,118 718 600 151 1,139 1,192 2, 078 282 211 5, 144 317 95 599 24,769 44 20, 988 997 216 816 Z 1 18 968 CM 8 M 1 to 10 5,619 129 98 92 Z 89 1 5 L 1 1 III i T-H 1 1 1 CM ICO i i i 15 49 165 ! « o ; ; ; ;«e 1 99S‘* i i 90 247 640 25 3,081 418 7, 511 iss is i 11, 071 34 8,418 546 118 481 821 653 1 »W*S P pSS 1 16 373 40 7 60 1,849 134 25 398 11,172 3 9, 739 974 49 21 ! i Alabama . . - . --- . Arkansas. . . . Delaware . . Florida . - . - - - Georgia _ _ _ _ - . - - - i\cmu».r\jr - Maryland . - . . . . Mississippi.. . . . . . North Carolina _ Oklahoma - - - South Carolina . . . . Tennessee _ _ _ _ _ Texas . . . Virginia _ _ _ West Virginia . . - . - . District of Columbia . . . - - - j ! > Arizona _ California _ _ - . - . - - - Colorado . . - - - Idaho _ _ _ _ _ Washington - - - - - - Outivinq Parts _ ; IN 7 £ J I > 1 f l o $6, 258, 432 G,23C, 590 1, 538,149 163, 112 29, 981 303, 970 25, 261 107, 121 461,110 382, 270 41,622 23, 702 1, 884, 766 ggSgSgSsSSSs ssfgsfs: 3 3 S jS Sf a TD C CO 00 S3 ft 198, 784 14,219 870 49, 056 2,064 26, 321 60, 835 43,117 1,103 1,200 152, 290 SsSSSSSSSSlS of Plant assets written off or disposed of r* $37, 848 37, 6S3 s N* 18, 221 .4V-T CDr-^^T Additions during year Total additions CD $685, 550 680, 505 148, 261 10, 661 1,797 20, 447 1,590 19, 104 52, 235 38, 300 1,767 2,361 222, 256 aaESSsIsllaS S8'a'"'Sfa'Sw~8”: S' Furniture and equipment \fi $133, 587 132, 646 21,610 SgSSSSSgS esT csT csTi'CirT 43, 675 ggggsggggggg ini m* «o-* csT cn 1 pcoPcocMON'd-r^WN kt •ir'cTin r^c£r*-Tin c\To o g o co co ^-ocococm 124, 323 42,919 4, 829 317 223 24, 148 13. 401 o N £> V CM *— • CD OO OO CM CM CSJ O CD <3- ! oocdooo r^. co — co m- o oo cm oo r- o CMM-^COCMM-CMI^OOCOCOlOCTXPimO — < j r^CM*— \cTcocm r-TecT cm" co ^r^cD'O-'od — * r*T — * — CM CO IP CM* a> ino^tcoooooopinoo | CMcn^r^j-cooocoLncor'-— i CMfo^moco-cofN^oo | crTr^TrC— csTrCcrTr^T i in CO CM* 00 g o I i in r*. • cn £ CD* NtOCOM^OfH^mc^'-'^'OOOtfi CD CM CM U51T7OC0^r oo — — oo co oo co co cm — in in o ! ,• | CO CO in ip 1 1 i CO CD CO CM 00 CD CO M tM o co vo oo — — co r^ rHOTOOCvimr^cncNlOOitCCOCSjON^f o ^ocpinooc'Ooop^cntncMrsr-.cncMr^Aoo | i>Cr>r^Hi£j'ooo>'oi"ooco‘o'oor~ro»ooooo‘ o' CM C*7 «H CM »H O O in CM CO CO CM oo CO — CM in^rcccooococMcor^oco ocMOin — — cMCMKrKr — rC co* ocT r-T kt* — *r^Tco'— o* — * o CO CP s in cm ‘ — *CM* M vf d CM V o r-J cd in o> ki- o oo in in cm oo co oo oo in oo o oo CO 4.M • *— « CD CD CO CD O OO O CO •— « Ob r OO . coio^iryQincMOcoio^coi-ir^jjrt cd csT^-T eM^"^‘*oco^cocXeJe>roo‘-r-r — CM sP a incocM — OCT>r^cMCMCOco ooa>oocM^-ooocoincM r^. co ip

. oo — coco co*— — * cm* cm* CO CD o *«* a cr> cm ' CD — CD CO ' in cm imoPcoo^MfirsiocoNOOiCMio^- m- | ro.^cororocNM-^iorococDO^OLn co (P^-*-HOOC'CMU)^,cor>.^iMiorvf-«ir> uo | ^irf^cNTcnr^TcD incvrcD'inirrcn'afcircrr co 1 CO ro T? fM O) CMOcsicDcjincoouoo'jr^ COO^N'TCOCOOr-.rsfv in r-T co co* co'^r'afr^* ai CO co H o H ! V o ! O i ir— o . uo • OO CM • CM* CP h- OOMmn^C7i^f01MOO>^CMN^ CO v'fCMr^f-iir>«^<7)Ofs"s-or^oo»-' cr> 1 — — — CM CO CMCMCMCO — ^TCD — CM I ! 00 1 S rf — pNCMO ^T^-COCOCOIOOOOOCMOCO CD oo — r-. m — CM — CO CM* 1 i ^ i i i s i ci SisSSBiiSgjSSSSass £ feVg‘sgs“ R s s H sslglaSglss fe|S!SS?'fSSI8'S'2 CD s s i s CM in CO OO CD ” as : 23 501)150- 50 - 10 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological, and Other) for which separato data are not presented in this table. 1 Does not generally equal the sum of columns 8—10, because some institutions tailed to distribute the total value of plant with respect to the categories of columns 8-10. Table 4. — Statement of net investment in physical plant of institutions of higher education , by region and State: 1955-56 — Con. B. Publicly Controlled Institutions 1 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Value of plant at end of fiscal year Total value3 a Sft a i-' 444, 397 54, 864 16, 601 47, 330 16,347 33, 439 131,330 122, 849 11,722 9, 865 § i 212, 090 167, 964 97, 208 102.093 408, 155 136,483 113, 599 61,655 42, 398 216, 427 25, 009 111,307 Furniture and equipment s S3 P «■*. SlISsl Sis oo erf r-T csT to co csT — T 326,783 42, 769 32, 836 26,215 21,471 60, 823 32, 531 16, 442 12, 525 9, 377 44,617 7,213 19, 964 Buildings and im¬ provements a ss U sfrf 283,767 41,581 12,328 33,817 13, 168 22,572 50,804 91,931 8,683 8,883 1,241,968 S-SIglsIssSsi “O c 00 $250, 441 246, 659 3 8 SgSSSSSSg PsCVJCVJOOOOOWCO csT-TcnTlocm 79,365 sSSsiSSSSSSS r--' of orf cvT u-f r»T csT irf ,-T of Plant assets written off or disposed of $23, 056 22, 892 2 CO SsiS3~i2S£§2§~sg «« -r-f cM*~*~‘^‘~*~‘~*<£r~%-r ssISkiisSgsil O— «*««* is Sl§~§§2~£s§2£s2g cm *» — <* o' coW u-f csT — r -a-* cm* erf's-* of cm of sSsSSggisSg IftofcO* CO CoVjcoV* m CM* oSSaSSSSSgpSESjSgS SiS^Sgagsgs CM* S 8 2 S g prsf SSSSSS S|S - £s£s~iSs£ls »5“sa‘sr^ss^asf 22S22 r~- co cm con co ofo* o S g E 1 *5 138 0> *4 e ~ 8 e •l £ * e ■2 il i I 2 I 0 a *5 s £ c •a e .1 a S 3 i I 1 d a, Value of plant at end of fiscal year Total value 2 a IS ii R" s s' rT 143, 824 20, 121 370, 378 14,625 184,356 592, 897 412,407 38, 185 17, 822 821,210 267, 081 95, 129 52, 908 31,206 65,416 64, 183 99, 172 17, 033 1,170 155, 878 7, 399 64, 634 Furniture and equipment s $530, 956 530, 182 223, 183 6, 068 1,554 26, 650 1,516 17,019 113, 501 54,512 411 1,952 119, 065 27,223 13,341 9,162 5,010 8,890 7,518 13,014 1,828 236 23,285 840 8,718 Buildings and im¬ provements o 52, 728, 814 2,726,356 1, 254, 381 121,530 17, 653 270, 153 12,094 84, 549 410, 307 290, 338 32, 939 14,819 § 3 T3 e co 00 $334, 377 334, 260 172, 348 13, 495 664 46, 836 1,015 23,412 44,915 40,251 890 869 B E SSSEsSiESSSE aTcoco i-.'W'irf cvi" Plant assets written off or disposed of $14,792 14, 792 s rf 147 1 528 46 429 2,533 (-1,571) 9 125 a u» 275 2, 923 138 9 258 249 627 35 gas Additions during year Total additions CO sa P S s' 6, 468 619 15, 372 667 11,708 35, 575 33, 992 1,591 1,070 1 5 to urj c\T to' U-T ir> « cvT— Tr-T Furniture and equipment - $45,730 45, 611 g sf s a 1,939 1,444 747 244 1,094 874 1,791 321 19 2, 072 130 1,588 Buildings and im¬ provements S3 t* a s 5, 141 522 13,276 437 10,014 29, 087 28, 660 1,285 863 53,347 9.714 5,207 4, 489 2,050 4,994 4.715 3, 582 1,115 1U, 205 1,506 5, 769 TD C $7, 070 7, 070 2,401 152 11 216 15 245 665 1,039 10 47 I *-T 312 178 107 3 240 158 214 57 s Is Value of plant at beginning of fiscal year 1 $3,655,169 3,652,207 § S' ri 137, 503 19, 503 355, 535 14,003 173,078 559, 856 376, 844 36, 603 16, 877 856, 815 255, 391 91,223 47,704 28,918 59,347 58,686 94,212 15, 575 1,152 143, 655 5,797 57,157 Region and State II C3 1 Connecticut . . . . . . . Maine _ _ _ _ _ Massachusetts _ _ _ _ _ New Hampshire _ _ _ _ _ New Jersey _ New York . . . . . . Pennsylvania _ _ _ Rhode Island _ _ _ _ _ Vermont _ _ _ _ _ North Centra! _ _ Illinois. _ _ _ _ Indiana _ _ _ _ _ Iowa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Kansas _ _ _ _ _ Michigan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Minnesota _ _ _ _ _ Missouri. . . . . . . . . . Nebraska _ _ _ North Dakota . . . . . . . . umo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ _ _ Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 139 rCc*aoo>oo of sssssliss ^«nTc> eoWcn ^ %o ~ r^-cvi csi • co 00 tr cocvTirt s|S”S§l'f“Ss§f§I”§ is S3” S35g‘S5”S8SSSSS” S S ggSilSSalSiSsiii 1 CM ■M-'cM «3-"" C\T CsTrt csr«TOdcO «o S'" l2sg|Sgs|s5gg I ~ III ssssssil- S§S~~~K~| cocm eJi-IV-* I! 2! It p ii s^sssIssISIrSIs s oT« m*-Vr~*V nneiNMn o ss^lsslissSliils I ~ - OX as^issilSSlssisi 1 CM -h~ CM CO CM*— TcM «-T CM' — o" CO CO 8^ gasses** S lS82SSl§?Sg2|SS|§g; ~ sj2^‘is53sasasVsa2'‘ s 8332— ggg o «iorf S|SfSS2SS2 2§gS ~5SS -Vn iT~ 52° ss-sgssss -s‘s"wsf:s8 Table 4. — Statement of net investment in physical plant of institutions of higher education , by region and State: 1955-56 — Con. 140 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 141 o w S3 51,651 32, 175 15, 392 135, 989 51,000 51, 166 77, 391 87, 781 32, 725 132.951 98, 693 46,433 65, 263 260, 795 59, 435 43, 780 88, 475 709, 337 •— ir^OOOO*OOlT>CO«— 'COLO OO OO CO »— • CM H CM CM CO 09 rs^-ONfOOHOooooo r-Tin'oo'o'co cd" cm"co"cd"»— <" cn CM CD CO CM CM CMCOlDOrn CO — • 34, 200 20, 799 13, 401 M K fH g> 10, 952 5, 526 4,146 25, 623 7, 405 11, 502 14. 076 14, 396 6, 932 27, 367 20, 057 12, 403 11,974 53, 670 6,242 9, 845 17, 058 o rt G» S r^.09oom«d'oo«ej-cMOO*3*r^ incOOJCMCDi-'OOTrCvJCDOO CDrocncMr-ir^cncooocMcr) oo oo co co co «— • oo cd ^ cn -cr 9,045 5, 772 3, 273 g n Ilf o o •^-cor^r^oDO^csjLncDLoa^CNjcvicooLO coooorsiDCvjror^cou3u-)h>c77^coro m cn ct> o co rv. oo co oo oo «cr *3- oo oo r^. r^" in" o' *3- cm" o' crT crT ^foo co' s OONOCVJrNrHP-i^ifHOON rOOvr-HCOCMM^r-IIXCMKl- CnCHLD^rCD-^CMCMr^OOCD m"o" cd" cd" o" oo" NIDNI — CM 21,544 13, 193 8,351 0£9‘99 ! mfooooN-ftcorHcocnooooorsroo cm co^moocMfnoorHincMooin^rxtDO cvi in cm cm to • i i i lo i i^NinoNis'efooco m 1 l i ^ 1 rHCSIOOr-lrH CM r-H OO CO iii ii CO III II 7,177 CO CM OO LD Osl O CO O) -C CMCDOOrH OO LO CD OO CM OO *—• OO «-• -<3-000 i 164 cn cr> OO CM 09 uS 0? *^ir5r— «oooo*-HCO*-H«3-o-r}-oocr>ro co CNIr-o-ihsOOCVJOOCmnCMTtOOOMLOCM o NtocnmwoinojMtorNoocom co CvT co co in r-T in cd coin c o cm" oo rC 60,260 1 CMOOOr^CMCOCOCOOf— tCM ^■co^tOToococncoiooooo r15fOOOOMrHCOCM»-HCOfH oo" o" oo" f-T -ct" oo" " m" r-T CM — • 3,539 1 1,058 2, 481 I 25,148 SSSSS38SSS93SS3S § — *—~ cm- -.vt ^vr^v-r,*' _r 13,991 SSSSSSSSSIS in" hcnTh 711 480 231 5 s S CO* •— I* cvT CM* csT co’ ■— T cm CO* •— r ~* (M.~ uo* 43,293 SaaSaBSigSg cm* co* co* co* ^r* cm* oo’ co* a (S* 578 2, 250 S tsT asRSss-SsSSsags j s s N* 424 1,451 27 5 111 560 66 126 145 60 3 if alSISS§sSls5sl5s § SRsggsssssassgiss s' 1 “6-2S4l 18, 766 286, 861 58, 302 19, 936 22, 497 4, 929 17,479 63, 300 48, 904 96, 485 18, 797 30,825 19,876 10,949 : 1 Does not generally equal the sum of columns 8-10, because some institutions failed to distribute the total value of plant with respect to the categories of columns 8-10. Table 4. — Statement of net investment in physical plant of institutions of higher education , by region and State: 1955-56— Con, E. Liberal Arts Collec.es [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 142 — — ■ ■ " . - . - w Value of plant at end of fiscal year & - . - - A ESTIAL s CD =3 cs > “c5 o h- TJRV 3 EY ( t* m I CO 00 1 SS- CM | of ** | in ^ cm cm CM CM W 683, 627 hr) EDUCATION, c — 1 — * on cm oo o co 1! — « cm oo *3* — cd ! OOCMOOOOCDCMJ^- 1 o of cm co r-Te-Tooio — *CM oooocnoo— * 19 i S 1 in 104,369 54,730 f 39,035 1 36, 033 £ 47, 289 g 54, 806 S 24, 578 12, 885 1,170 149,811 7,110 45, 397 Furniture and equipment 10 $299,532 297,652 69,653 cm cd co p>* co co cd oo r— | lf)HO — • -*J* CM r-i 1 — « CM CM 74, 715 issaSsllsasl mtotoirim'oei* « u> Buildings and im¬ provements 0) $1, 654, 483 1, 648,472 501, 651 CDOM-CMCVl^fM-in^ CO ^ — * CM CD — < r-l — hco— oVoo COO CO oToT CM* OO— 'OO CVKDCOCM^H 1 427, 978 SUBSSSssssks Land 00 $147, 615 147, 328 53, 023 CO^HfOfOOOOO CM CD CO OO CD O O CO oo m co cm co co o co OO OO CM OO OO CM—* 30, 377 6, 929 1,570 1,975 1,304 1,789 3,688 1,294 497 153 8,013 397 2, 767 Plant assets written off or disposed of h- $3, 839 3, 837 'oo cd in co inrs ■ i 8 r Value of plant at beginning of fiscal year n CM 00 m in C0 o W h* CO o o CM CM 639,723 j 36, 753 18, 426 114,345 3,789 27,715 218,745 176,312 28,771 14, 868 528, 398 Region and State l | 1 Aggregate United States - - Continental United States - - - Northeast -- 1 Connecticut. . - . - . - . Maine . . . . Massachusetts.,. . . . - . New Hampshire . . . New Jersey . . . New York . . Pennsylvania . . . . - . Rhode Island.. . . . Vermont.. . . . - . . North Central _ _ _ _ _ Illinois . . . . Indiana . . . . - . Iowa _ _ _ _ _ _ Kansas . . . . . . . . - . Michigan . . . — . Minnesota _ _ _ _ _ - Missouri.. . . . . . . . - . Nebraska . . . . . . - Nnrth Haknla South Dakota . . . . . Wisconsin. . . . - HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 143 E ■5 E 5 I s S’ CO I QO i I 144 e e y 4 Vi C\ $ a co 8 a 8 .2 5 £ 8 "a o u Oi •8 tc BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 ^ E ■2.9- 111 ’5 C > CD CD cf © CM CM c > O Q. > 00 CL X> O O cm' cm irH^HOoooLncvjoom 5 ^S" *— « CO OO CO CM • — ' OO )oo*-«oococj>Or-«r^ CD *— < OO CD CO OO CM 00 CD — * O CD OO OO ‘ - — « CM inincooorsoinoro LOr-Hrv^-H^csiOico LncDcvjvrr^.csjo^- CM 00 o r-T co rCcoV-T — «oo— «r^cM(DLnir>o CD^*ooooooo^r-.»-«uo uo^r—* ■ CO CM « CNJ OO UO OO OO CD D ’ Csjinr^r^^j-oooo'ct^-oo^M ococot^rv^-rHcooooocor inc^oooooONco^rc «-HCDOOOCMOOCDOOCr>«— UlOCO ■ cvj »— < »— « r^. — h CNi t < LO r-H IT> CM 000 cm — 'coco*- icor co^rv«a»a^cnn’ CDO^COOCOOOCVJC (Looc^o^roMin .(lun^NcnoLno co o — < lo tn co o cn o — rsiniDLnO'«aoo oor^iDLO— OCDOOCMOO^zfCMCOOO- srocnMcnOrHinocO’ oooooo .q-55 ■sg^gf sIesJsI •E--5 3 = H.5.2!-g slf.2 =;°iS2Szzow$ HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 145 s tf ggSSgSKSSSSS 1 s s 18, 857 12,177 3,192 8, 096 7,215 22, 258 29,527 1 2,316 1,337 989 2, 762 1,863 1,351 1,902 2,312 2,188 2,413 6, 023 977 2, 734 359 5 «* 1,290 1,337 371 1,402 1,501 3, 173 s i S 11 151 IlSssla § — ^ erf Woo co (jf ^ oV^cji •— < *-h ^ CM CNl •— * r— * CM — < 51,731 Siil§2 o' oo* cm' co* in* oo* 8, 298 I s in 951 2,373 146 493 291 866 1 1 8 ”12 3 10 2 24 3 12 247 (-1,301) 50 3 2 S'* i 16,549 1 sSSSSSSSESgSg “ eg' -* CM' -T-J-' 7,834 3, 851 1,258 148 1, 348 478 752 3 * o' o' CD f-T s s 15, 089 10,919 3, 044 7,202 6,743 21,507 o z 1 I = I o a: = s 1 i 1 1 d> £ E 3 1 I 1 f I l ! Table 4. — Statement of net investment in physical plant of institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1955-56 ■ — Con. G. Junior Collece# 1 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 146 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Value of plant at end of fiscal year Total value* • ' $529, 733 | 529, 192 67, 336 fOCOOOONCO^Lnrt I — * nT O nf CJ> CM OO CM 1 rHCsjcMinoNO^ co cnT ■— T o' *— T o' o' oo cvT 103, 015 20, 947 3,012 8, 187 10, 261 22, 071 4, 095 17, 550 1,541 4,654 5,619 289 4, 789 Furniture and equipment 10 SGO, 395 60, 364 11, 424 to-ifocMinNLor^to CO CO O O CO CO CM CVJ cvi cvj *-h oi oo r** cm cvTj&iSfc to N *— * CVJ Buildings and im¬ provements O $277,809 277,522 27, 378 N>» CO r— i Lf> OO nf CO 00 1 coocococmocdo ONCO-timn o ltT Ti irf of cm~ cvT s SlsSSssIlsgR cT cvT coiooTcnco' rf-T -T in r-H Land CO in o o CM G OOOLO^-r- «CJDCDO COOOrMO^ONr-ten O r-H 00 CO csT CO r-T Plant assets written off or disposed of r* $2, 011 2, 011 T* r4 «-H CO 1 co vr i 1 CO OO 1 — « I CVJ I 1 1 230 43 12 4 63 145 1 CO Additions during year Total additions to m to to co CM CM © o' 3* 4, 322 cvjtoor^^oorv in co *3- co nr oo co i r-« to CO CO i CO cvT • i • 1 isgggssags-g to Furniture and equipment in CM O 00 CO rC »C s/> 939 (DtMnNcncocn > to «—»*—» CM CO CM O Vj* 1 CVJ ; •H CO OO in CO »-H CVJ CO nT «-H CO CO o o nr co cvj cn —• cvj co *-« CM CM CVJ r-H CM f»r . Buildings and im¬ provements $31,642 31,642 3,247 16 42 503 411 2,089 13 272 2,173 265 70 200 309 98 521 160 407 9 1 132 Land $1,111 1,111 s Is j rr a £ i . LO i Value of plant at beginning of fiscal year CM $491,509 430, 970 ===== 63,129 iSsSjSSi8! c\T<-- cn't-i'erTr-Too' csT 1 ISlISlassigS o o«NrrCo»«cocor-.‘^'lr» Region and State - j s j j j 1 Jj 1! 1 j i l Connecticut _ _ _ ... _ Maine . . .. . . . Massachusetts _ . . New Hampshire . . .._ New Jersey _ _ _ _ _ New York _ ... . . . . J Pennsylvania . . . . ._ . .. Rhode Island,. . . . . Vermont. . . ..... . _ _ _ North Central.... . . Illinois _ _ _ _ _ _ lllUldlld _ Iowa . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . Michigan - - - - - - - - i» 1 1 1 1 1 1 CoU la _ Missouri _ _ _ _ _ _ neuiddlNd _ _ North Dakota _ _ _ _ Ohio _ _ _ _ _ Qnnth Wisconsin HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 147 Table 5.— Reduction of plant indebtedness , unexpended plant-fund balances , and plant-fund liabilities of institutions of higher education , by region and State: 1955-56 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 149 1G, 877 r 133 1,053 700 2, 800 2,654 517 526 355 3,046 1,149 638 560 2,475 3 Iff sT i CO 1 245 1,054 338 s CO a 3 5* §§§!isSs§ll§! 1 •— T co~ cvT ■— T erf ocfcsT c\fcsjV- if— T co" 3 s 888 eforf =als erf «*-” uf 3 1 5 S8 g888g|»a8SSS3 3 cvT cnT of w-i esTi r~f csT rC § s 38- JO to ~ s 3 3 Ti Is S3 : SK & a § r 3 5 3 in 5s,nSssa8"S888SS8 S 3 5 s s ef 2SS~S j j : : i : I ; 3 « ss :a “3 s jcsT § i gsssssssgssasssg ! no* Lo'o'csTafrC irf *-T csT co” f— l •—«»—<.—< CSJCM CO 3 s §!£sl~ in' r~f jo co' csf joofwV !3 s i s csiWi crfoo cvf*oc*f of .-Tcnirf c\Ti— f 10 to s s? iBSS^sgsgsl •a-" of**" •— '"W — firfr^'to'^r' £ 1 H RS2 3 rf • 1 isg i i i S SS : I rf oo oo ^ s s “ |s 3 of SgSSSS^SSasSS j t-T co” 3 in* 3 1 88g!3SB88SSRS S cvT csfcvT cof-T c\T !s of is |s °°2gs2 - of 3 CO I s' 1 s' SSSsa g£!!° jocJ'icfr'f | 1 1 3 sr rt 1 5S 3 gs2 to n ro of in of oo — i in if oo i>.' 3 *3" LO Kj- *— H t— < LO *— * CO LO «M* S3SS5 I !§=2 « 3 1 S -r ~ csT^-r co w Is hT cvf -r ^-T 3 S2 j i I ill < 3 $92, 357 92, 357 45,180 i is bs i i —i .ooir • ! ltT i c* 2lj 583 8,182 § is r ■ cn i in i i o ico IS IS 1 IS IS? leg 1 f-T 1 1 1 I i ii i 1 Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year 5 $70, 835 70, 835 40, 112 s Is&ss eg* leg* rC-a i i 5 1-00 i * o> sa i s 3,390 1,603 326 • Icoo loo 1 l£ |ES3 IS 1° i r r r II Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds * 3 $5, 541 5,541 Is * 378 56 118 3 355 is i i s r ! : ; ; s i i es 002 Noninsti- tutional sources > 3 E El 8 “ 3, 876 i ii iss ! !_r ! | ; ; !a i i Is r 1 ! 8 l§ n IS \L__ Publicly controlled universities .... Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds * 3 is is » • § Is ! N 1,609 fT 261 n S02 9lfr Noninsti- tutional sources > S $382, 649 382,493 22, 129 =§ is ii leg" lev ■Mrs I rs- t »- sI5ISSS1!kss 1 oo cg~ <-‘o ctT csTtoirTeg eg* Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds * 00 i i a - 5 ill l III 1 III i L2Z j j 12 8S2 Noninsti- tutional sources 1 r* $17, 640 17,626 1,547 687 40 190 500 90 40 6,814 ill eg 1 All universities Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds* CO • $47,956 47,956 18,352 100 2, 662 189 757 11.967 2,677 14, 076 10, 122 776 7 8 i i|| Noninsti- tutional sources > in $475, 006 474, 850 67, 309 13 825 5,182 2,134 4,817 16, 004 35, 383 794 2,156 184, 086 10, 207 62, 664 5,668 10, 968 51,781 584 4, 432 6,063 5, 688 22, 828 14 3,189 Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year $323, 848 323, 289 72,195 16, 799 986 11,124 666 7,570 17,507 16, 358 1,186 103, 331 ctT —T csj -a-- «i" tocgrC to Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds* to $7, 235 7, 235 4,194 378 65 118 3, 355 S3 Mis 8“ i j 1 is i Is i i I i I i i ill Noninsti- tutional sources 1 $22,911 22, 897 5,423 687 40 1,643 190 256 1,821 655 90 40 7, 323 SsisSISf sggss |j II 11 Region and State H Aggregate United States _ _ Continental United Northeast- . . . Connecticut . Maine . . Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ _ New Jersey _ New York . . . . . Pennsylvania _ _ _ Rhode Island . . . . Vermont _ _ _ North Central . . Illinois. . . Indiana . . . Iowa.. . . Kansas... . . . Michigan . . . Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska.. . . . North Dakota . . . . Ohio . . . South Dakota . . Wisconsin . . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 151 Table 5. — Reduction of plant indebtedness , unexpended plant-fund balances , and plant-fund liabilities of institutions of higher education , by region and State: 1955-56 — Continued 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-1956 If i | ii Privately controlled liberal arts colleges Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds 2 3 1 Si s-s- 17, 302 <-TcrT -h -a-' in' 18, 532 SlSsssIalsi j Noninsti- tutional sources 1 _ 3 $130, 504 130, 265 £ s Ssl-Slssl 34,575 SSSSSSSSSiS evT oo* e*f erf— TcsT Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year 3 $87, 624 87, 571 I 28,648 2,158 900 4,953 S5ISS ooco-r 20, 143 ilsissssSsgS din -T in ~ Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds 2 3 $3, 162 3, 162 S 33 165 3 TH r^mpoco -5 is i j j Noninsti- tutional sources 1 3 $13, 354 13,300 3,797 92 147 1,057 0 1,341 1,025 3 s n 128 874 119 130 649 390 17 9 590 7 785 Publicly controlled liberal arts colleges Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds 2 3 1 »| i S | 1 1 i l j Noninsti- tutional sources ' 5 $50, 312 50, 312 s « 1 1 1 1 1 1 j i is 1 ro 15,526 4, 476 ill is: ; cst ; 49 7, 483 3 Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year O $41, 118 40, 368 3 V is 14,251 8, 177 is! is: ! ox j . 1,300 1,905 | Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds 2 00 1 2 j j i i i i i i ! i ! Noninsti- tutional sources 1 i s a S ; i j j is j j 8 <£) ! j 08 21 is i: All liberal arts colleges Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds 2 CO S s i * | 17, 302 425 1,127 3,406 4 16 1,246 4, 939 5,156 982 | 18,532 SISsSslasssi Noninsti- tutional sources > 1 n $180, 906 180, 577 | 49,930 ~ tS CM— « 50,101 gggSSSSgggg deocodinco todesT Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year - $128, 741 127, 939 32,900 Sis isSIIS esT «*“ ! nrf- ! ~ 34,394 SB8SSSS53BS o"irT <*f ■— Tr^-* •— T Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds2 ro $3, 817 3,817 S i j i iscl18 1 1,338 in co co is i 707 20 4 Noninsti- tutional sources 1 $15, 441 15, 337 92 147 1,057 5 1,800 1,025 S 1 4,005 144 874 119 142 729 390 17 9 734 7 842 Region and State - jjjj |, ! Is 11: Massachusetts . . . New Hampshire . . new jersey _ _ _ .. New York ... . . . remibyivdiNd _ Rhode Island . . . Vermont . . North Central . Illinois . . . . . . . . . EM 01 || Nebraska _ _ Ohio . . . . South Dakota . . . Wisconsin.. . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 153 < .— • co in r-. i co id m *3- in oo o oo ooor-.^ i co oo in co oo oo co cn co«— «m • ^3* cnj co o> co in »— « cnjcmoo CM CM CO CM CO SSsSagsgsSSSSS S —T — ' i'~Tc'j- c\T ctT —T sis CO gag co in SI issssigfgsggs i — ' co c-' f-Te>4"«!iresr IS- in' CO -' SSK 5? :3 §-g§S8s85 I ar in Sass-s 23 CM' ass ss- crT«-T SI5s8: sa ~ss~s issllsi § ~~a SSTSSagESssSSSSS rcooTcsTrCcJ^* —' £8SS§§SS csTco in SSSIsSsSsSSISssS s — — ' — ' — ' -o-- >cr r-»- — eg- cvT at $59,253 59, 253 21, 788 888 17 183 483 20, 217 16, 173 8SSS88S§8S8 u>-T erf r-T Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds a oc § » i i Noninsti- tutional sources 1 r* a a a | | 1 is i 3,935 61 30 154 R iff r> : i D CO i CD i All teachers colleges Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds a id 3 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 j j j Noninsti- tutiona! sources » - $70,964 70, 964 R iS tf | js !s§ ; : c | ! IS r 7, 028 580 1,184 1 l£! a r' 1, 126 194 18 1,385 Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year R 3 S' s 21,999 129 183 583 20, 217 16,415 criV-T erf Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds a § 2 till Noninsti- tutional sources 1 M § 8 a i~ 1 is i • i i ■ i * 66 30 154 ~ & co : LgOO ICO • Region and State r-4 Aggregate United Continental United States.. _ _ Connecticut . . . Massachusetts. . . . — - New Hampshire _ _ _ New Jersey - - New York . . Pennsylvania . . . Knoae isiana _ _ _ _ _ North Central . . | | | i j ! If Iowa . . JJJ III Nebraska . North Dakota _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin _ HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 155 a II if o-S If I! II Table 5. — Reduction of plant indebtedness , unexpended plant-fund balances , and plant-fund liabilities of institutions of higher education , by region and State: 1955—56 — Continued E. Junior Colleges > [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 156 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Privately controlled junior colleges Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds 3 8 5 8 1^2 | | R “ :• 32 :g CM - ?§§ : 1111 1 1 1 1 Noninsti- tutional sources 3 3 $5,845 5,845 3 ri 141 24 8 13 jss ^ j i Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year 3 I I s? i of 7 274 113 530 eg 00 CO 1, 792 904 I 1 ; iss Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds 3 2 $153 153 H ; i : 1 a a r Noninsti- tutional sources 3 2 1 1 2 * 9 s-a g ^tCOCM j 22 Publicly controlled junior colleges Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds 3 2 2 * : : : Noninsti- tutional sources 3 5 $27, 650 27, 650 513 327 55 55 74 1 !co Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year O $24, 357 24, 357 3 5 1 i i II «r ; ! rf 29 1,000 °2 Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds 3 00 $172 _ 172_ 1 1 1 1 j j j i i i i Noninsti- tutional sources 3 $3,008 3,008 CD CD 1 ■ 1 1 1 3 2 ; j iiii All junior colleges Liabilities of plant funds at close of fiscal year Other in¬ stitutional funds 3 CD § | • r- co 1 i 9 40 i S3 2 If CM 1 l SS8 1 Noninsti- tutional sources 3 in $33, 495 33, 495 3 wt 3 , ;S2 j5 i j Unex¬ pended balance of plant funds at close of fiscal year $30,200 30, 200 9 of 41 274 118 530 7, 387 8 743 it 1 1 1 r^e-«o • ^ • ■ 1 1 CO 1 • Reduction during year of capital indebtedness to— Other in¬ stitutional funds 3 ro $326 326 rl 5 S3 : l . • ' ■ 1 Noninsti- tutional sources 3 M $4, 028 4, 028 a 5 i 22 Region and State rl Aggregate United States _ _ Continental United States... _ 1 1 i [ I- 1, 1 111 New York _ Pennsylvania _ _ _ Vermont . . North Central. _ Illinois _ Indiana _ 1 1 norm uaKOia _ _ Ohio _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 157 Table 6. — Statement of endowment, student loan , and annuity funds, by region and State: 1955-56 A. All Institutions » [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail docs not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] Annuity funds M 3NNIAL SUR 1 ® .s-gJjS 5® ^ VEY © iH OF ED io in h* CM CM icT i/T u * »UC 3 1 00 © CM :ATION, 1954- 'tCDtD iCVJtOrsIXrH II CO «— « CD < CT> CO OO in Kf 1 c omo? if-HOrHcsi^f cvT irf i of cm" 23, 339 JL 956 ^tco»HcncoMOCMr-<^Hinin n o co oo co co oo in *-« cd co •— 'cocMincMincor-H o »— « II cTcmV-T «— T ^in 1 ooo— « ifONcom^ r-H in i 4,825 S^O0>0)«t00(0rH^^^ M-mpooomcoo cd CM^h^h CM OO «-T csT Private gifts and grants 13 58, 935 8, 935 CDO>h . 0> D** CD ^ i cm co cd — • •hco i cm © © tf ■ o o? •— * o oi o m co iocoh oo *-h co m cm «— • * OO ifN • cm" Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year 3 12 566, 410 66, 410 19, 642 2, 254 454 5, 457 161 8, 885 1,577 207 646 19, 359 r^inoocDcooincoocncoin Ol OO OO O CD O OO t-4 • CO »-4 r-* ^CM^J-OCO^r'-*— «*sf- cvT to t-T^cvT 15, 067 co co CD CO o co CD 1^ OO CD CD in o> in co cm in co in co ^ »-h moNinooo^r-icocMoo csT*-T cm"i— Tc\f erf Deduc¬ tions 10 51, 222 1, 222 286 ■ oo i cm co ft »— « g i : 1 1 i i 485 CD »-« CM CO O CO — » 'COr-irv co .in r-* • CM i Receipts from— Total additions © 53, 671 3,664 964 •HH^SOCMOMffl COCM^r^M-OOr^^CM CO •—* CM 1, 130 O CD CO CM in CD Ki- in CM co co cd in cm in co co co o> r^. | Private gifts and grants 00 *3 00 a *-T t4 0 466 — • co a? cm r^. co cm o co *3- —• CO co — • m CM 676 <«*• o cn oo in co 1 co oo co cm in o? trio | co *-h oi o> co oo in •—« co cm in •-T^tcM 14,346 o> co co in in oo »-h co m •— * oo co oo o •— * co cm co *-4 co 4tOCO^-0)0 0)itrHCMCMN CM%-f t-fv-fi-f erf Endowment funds Balance, end of fiscal year 3 %D 53, 703, 473 3, 702, 139 1,615,786 NNCOrHCOOtHCOO oocDuncococo^r— «r^ cm o? m o in cn o oo m co" co" ^ r*T T of r-T co" OCMCDM-r-iinCMCOr-i CM CM 737,244 ^OPsCOincO^NCflONCM co^rH»H j>Nommcor-ioo rscM^inoo^tcD^trHcorx cm oo*' *-f uf ocf oo'oo'cT crTcrf in* co ^J-mCO»H*5lTX{OrH CM CM »-H Deduc¬ tions - 519, 205 19, 166 8,374 ^■M-corscoocncoo ^■^^■oO'HcoooinN r-istco^cniocM 4, 217 362 169 61 334 660 6 237 110 1,741 62 473 Receipts from— Total additions 5336, 153 335,519 136,425 20, 328 1,819 40, 509 7, 433 4, 047 38, 375 18,141 5, 243 531 67, 987 21,645 5, 464 3,216 1,361 2,400 5, 905 7, 520 194 70 18, 202 283 1,727 Private? gifts and grants CO 5186, 239 185, 637 91, 933 13,916 1,385 27,317 3,106 3, 206 23, 864 14, 495 4,411 234 42, 878 o>cMoocooocoin^-*^HCoco»-» 4ja)rs^ioo>CMO)«H^oorH CMO)N^PsO)rH ^3" *■— « r— » ^TerfcM^-r^reo cm e-T Balance, beginning of fiscal year 3 53, 370, 826 3, 370, 077 1,490,690 183, 596 22,267 459, 773 39, 985 107,486 426,151 208, 000 27, 146 16,286 671, 005 220, 204 53, 355 27, 384 14, 541 47, 076 72, 493 61, 025 10, 856 6,392 126,465 5,396 25, 818 Region and State Aggregate United States _ .. .. Continental United States . . . Northeast... _ Connecticut... _ _ Maine _ Massachusetts . . . New Hampshire. _ _ New Jersey _ _ _ New York. . . . . Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . . . Vermont _ _ _ _ North Central . . Illinois.. . Indiana . . . . Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas. . . . . Michigan . . . Minnesota.. _ _ Missouri . . . . . Nebraska . . North Dakota. . . . . Ohio _ _ _ South Dakota. . . Wisconsin . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 159 i i i ii i l : 1 o I Table 6. — Statement of endowment , student loan, and annuity funds, by region and State: 1955-56— Continued B. Purlicly Controlled Institutions 1 160 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Annuity funds Balance, end of fiscal year 2 3 a a ; s' *- I i il 2 i 6 720 | |8 Deduc¬ tions 3 3 3 ' 3 i is? s i • i £ i j i Receipts from— Total additions 5 $397 397 3 is i O i 1 i i£ Private gifts and grants 3 $302 302 =====i Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year 2 3 $10, 037 10, 037 s : :s 2 1 “i i 245 52 is Student loan funds Balance, end of fiscal year 2 3 $21, 514 21, 405 E *s“5*38»8 H a uT SS3SSS5SSSF3 Deduc¬ tions S $713 713 s jl ; 3 ” :£ £ a 16 35 3 1 4 8 27 1 220 10 Receipts from— Total additions 8 Si! a ~-jj 113 1 13 (?) 14 (») 34 21 7 22 a sassssgrrsg^ Private gifts and grants 00 I 8 8 a !££ a Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year 2 $20, 557 20, 455 1,637 40 76 16 471 83 312 337 21 280 i u> SSRSISSSSS^S Endowment funds Balance, end of fiscal year 2 <0 $728,732 727, 723 3 c? <-T cm" in —T t o 165, 801 i?£ssi^s!sss oV«5,oV(*)<\riOOON!n Deduc¬ tions (A a a St " S s 19 en 8 Soli |8 £S : 1 || o ' cn II i || Receipts from— Total additions "• s S t 8 jg ,-r 11, 210 Ss§g§S«°*» £ss|| to Private gifts and grants M $19,671 19, 071 s is? 9, 342 289 163 90 145 766 4,310 21 8 3, 266 50 235 Balance, beginning of fiscal year 2 M $652, 970 652, 526 18, 219 241 *•8 2-5a 4, 976 1.571 50 6,117 a i ssssssllssss -=r omVo c*f eooTin gjeJof Region and State Aggregate United States. . . . Continental United States . j i I, . Li Massachusetts _ _ _ New Hampshire _ New jersey _ New York _ iij Hi North Central . . Illinois.— _ _ _ Indiana _ _ Iowa _ ivansas _ _ _ Michigan _ 1 neorasKa _ North Dakota _ umo _ South Dakota... _ _ Wisconsin _ HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 161 s § !B CO* ; jg i 3 CO is jco* gj : ; ; ; : iH 1 8 i i : ; 2 is ' 1/5 a oo ;S i ; 3 is i 1 Is co* ; :g 3 to • uo • orf a i i ! i 3 s' 8s»83gSS«gaBR5gS - ~* -* i-Tesi -* Is 1 N" 3 CO ^oco-cooooo- Si S i 8 CM 05 Csl CMO °° S 8 88 8 8 3 a^SSSS^SSSESBSS s 3 CM wSSNS2°°S,nS^ r-. CO 215 : CM i 1 I s a00 3 3 ’-r ~ s~ s CO* ~ 3 SJ3 S «r “§8 -r 3 CM* ccocogg i S i S' rCesTcsT «*fco ! CM i 3 S' IsISISSSSIs ^h*«‘cnj*oo*^*— *o*cvT— *m*o* 3 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological and Other) for which separate data are not presented in this table. 2 Reflects the net effect of interfund transfers (such as from annuity funds to endowment or loan funds, or from current funds to loan funds). These transfers are not included in uctions. See items 49d and 50 and footnote 7 on page 6 of the form reproduced on page 177. 162 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 5 "8 £ e £ 0 1 * £ £ 3 £ £ 8 "8 £ 8 £ 8 ■§ 8 £ £ 3 8 £ £ a Annuity funds Balance, end of fiscal year 2 16 $65, 351 65, 351 20, 552 co co icsicop^r^co CO — < GD 1 C7> CO OO UD cn coma* i'hOihm csT iff i of cm i 22, 274 oom— 40>oo^-oocnj^h— iiON ct>— »oococoincom— iojcooo o cd cnj ir> cm co oo — • o — « o— T— 7 — T crT Deduc¬ tions 15 $2, 161 2,161 879 i i CMOCM I ICOO) —4 CO CO 1 l coco cm i no ^ 1 1 1 1 691 i i CO — 4 CM LT> 1*3-00 1 CM CM *3* CO CD OO — 4 1— iCM i CM CM CM i ^ i CM l «o 1 i i Receipts from— Total additions 14 $10, 830 10, 830 2, 014 cvjoif) iCMOOcn*3*in 000—4 icor^coinrH t— i in i *3* i 4, 780 rNcoowo^4toooo»H^Tf4t *3* — « OO OO m CM O CD CM —4 —4 CNJ OO — r oinco i o co — 4 <3* OO —• CO m CM —4 i*3* co —4 i !cnT 1 Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year 2 12 $56, 373 56, 373 19, 075 2,254 454 5,457 161 8, 885 1,577 207 79 in o CO CO — *cMOOcDcoincooooo>oor^ CDCDOOCDO^LOOO— 4— 4COUO —» OO —4 CM OO —4 —4 — i of — T— T — T oo Student loan funds Balance, end of fiscal year 2 11 $36, 967 36, 947 17, 350 2, 360 116 6,434 504 1,231 4,056 2, 425 131 92 in 00 00 l^h.OOimOOOCD-!COCOON cococMiDOr^cocMcor^oco ooun^j-— *LOCOLT>CNI *f CM *3* Deduc¬ tions 10 $509 509 196 OO CVJOO^-HIO IPH w 1 i 160 CO CO —4 CM CM CM cn CD — 4 CO CM *3* co Receipts from— Total additions o> $2, 244 2,244 852 OPsPOCOOOOWCO^t OO — • CO *3* OO OO —4—4 596 o^incD^f^4t4tcvjr*s-ico— • CM— «^*CO —4 O CO —• CO CO Private gifts and grants 00 $1,285 1,285 S ** — •^•ODcvjr^touo^-co *3- coco— «CM— « 358 — 4— i(DOCMO^O CD— to O — 4 — 4 CO —4*3*00 OO CM Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year 2 r*. $35,150 35, 129 cn (0 <0 lH r^coooo>cocooococo a>^^f^3T^COir>CMOO CNJ— <0>«^'CS40CNJ— l csT in — csT 8,452 oocnooo^ininoooooooooo r^f^oocoocooooocsimcD^t r^moo— 4ir>oo^r— 4 00—4*3- —4“ — T cnT Endowment funds Balance, end of fiscal year 2 <0 $2,974,741 2, 974, 416 1, 596, 668 203, 004 22, 020 493, 798 44, 378 111,447 454,604 225, 253 31,763 10,402 571, 443 237, 793 47,495 27, 597 8, 899 18, 027 20,710 65, 268 8, 920 1,367 115, 161 2, 960 17,247 Deduc¬ tions in $16, 847 16, 847 8,193 ^tcocor^cooooocom *3- *3- oo — «— ICJU7CO *3- CO *3- OO CO CNJ 00 w CO l CMCNjr'.*3T".COI — *3" ' CM CM co 0000 co *3- 1 co co in co co cm 1 r>» *3- 1 Receipts from— Total additions $269, 365 269, 343 135, 169 mooing— «oocmoooo OO— 4 OO in *3- OO CO CD CNjr^^rroooooocNjcNj cd — T cd rC r^T irf CNJ *3* CO—4 56, 777 ooocooocMCDincMinooco CM *3- —• CM CO —4 OO OO —4 CO CM OO OO OO — « — 4 *3- CM *3* — • CO CM —4 Private gifts and grants CO $166, 567 166,566 91, 063 cococNjm— •r^.co— 4— « Ntaicoor-.^-^^ OOOOCNJOCM^CO^th cn — f oo co co CNJ CNJ —4 33, 536 CDCDOO— 4CMCO*3*CO— 4r-^CNjLO CDCMOOOOIOOOOO— 4l^COfN CD OO CO O CD CO —« —4—400 ooocnT— T 00 of Balance, beginning of fiscal year 2 M $2, 717, 855 2,717, 551 1,472,471 *3*0 — *— 1(010 0)07 0) moi’cr- lOr^CNicDco COCOO^TtrHrJ-Or-l co o crT — T co~ r-T o oocMincoo^jocM— « 515, 041 ooor^m— icop^cd— 4COcdlo CDr^CMCOOO— 4CMUOCOOOCDO ininivrH^aiorNcoorNoo in cnToo 00 co~ 00 rC 00 — TcnTco*' — «*3-Cn| — 4— 4in O —4 CM —4 i« is w s « £ ~§» s o z = E 5^^, I in — %>- CO CD : c 5^ > > > c T3 ) cc; «j 0 q; Q) m {— iSSzzzts - ” o 2 1=T3 g «= O C -£> =f °5sssz zo«5 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 163 oo csico cn — < f-H oo cm *3- o ^ to LO CM LO CM tO *—< CM CSI CM r-t CM kSSsS-sSssSI* 1 aS8*BSaS S§338§§8§;33§§S3g £ cTrf S^arfg»aVssfrf a ssilssi* S^Sr8S*§SS a £ ~£ 11 04 8ESSsSS318ga8 2 trTcvT'^o' to «-T id* co oo orf lss°a-S sf SS I as III SI I II §S S .-Too crT^r-T p>T s^g ~sB!fsSSS~i£si£~~ g § a 3 ilis-si of oo" oo in : : Table 6. — Statement of endowment, student loan, and annuity funds, by region and State: 1955-56 — Continued 164 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 Annuity funds Balance, end of fiscal year i S $38,669 38, 669 s a 2,282 3,613 582 :I to \ 7,060 720 124 228 1,115 1 ■ CO :R J Deduc¬ tions 3 8 1 a " 3 CSJ 2 5 140 7 7 f Receipts from— Total additions 3 $3, 848 3, 848 !5 R a : 266 47 1, 070 fP* : 981 01 Private gifts and grants 3 S s| S' " |b R S ;.8§ ; § I - | 1 1 Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year 1 3 $36, 308 36, 308 12, 426 2, 206 S ; cn ! 2b 6, 087 149 567 8, 544 6,470 693 91 !SB • » CO 1 1 ! isj Student loan funds Balance, end of fiscal year * 3 $33, 274 33, 199 11, 055 1,721 75 2,518 974 1,122 2,990 1,250 20 384 8, 378 lSIlilia“s23| Deduc¬ tions S $874 874 la 2 CO CO e 98 801 3 (OCOCOr-HCVJQQr^r-t IT. ! :° Receipts from— Total additions § 9 st - s 61 11 151 77 38 117 79 7 22 8 Eg$2S§R°*2j3-3 jj Private gifts and grants - 1 B a 3 S88SR0,r''r',22 : P 1 i li Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year » r* R 6 i * 10, 554 1,678 64 2, 192 910 1,170 3,019 *-2!i 279 8 oo SsssssssFl-sl ~ r-T -T r-T Endowment funds Balance, end of fiscal year i <0 t i St " 951, 110 163, 655 1,954 267, 138 46, 358 69, 176 305, 105 91, 507 50 6, 168 434,331 IsslssslllS” Deduc¬ tions in $7, 150 7, m 1,782 349 38 1,176 197 5 1,128 176 166 24 i | j< s i 5|| Receipts from— Total additions * $198, 310 198, 297 73, 615 15,810 100 13, 584 7,433 1,966 24, 920 9, 568 233 40, 937 16,961 3, 624 103 48 915 4, 692 6, 584 46 58 7, 270 50 586 Private gifts and grants M $105,455 105,454 55, 143 8*8*gsS I* £f ; 25, 271 rCef 711 4,310 2, 570 40 50 278 Balance, beginning of fiscal year » CM $2, 028,933 2,028, 512 883, 923 149,111 1,853 254, 952 39, 274 66, 834 283, 287 82, 445 50 6,117 393, 728 s£SEg§§gSS§§§|| iiii I i i , l i . , , l iiillill! ill; HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 165 s|3= i 22 I £ | !! II ll f fS- : S3aSSs8S-ss3S8SS ~ « -TesT «8Sssgaa5ffs SS00^ iSgSSSS'" 2 >ajr^f-HO°Lnwo*^ CO CsJ CO CO 2S aBs£sS9B£S§g8§gS 2 ® S-^aK^pTcT 82£ 2 S8SSSSBBgBi — • coinofcvT^* cocvT « mr 8* i I 8 i : - 22 SSSSasSa^SSsSS r-T crTaf co-T csT-VT of — <* ssSI-srs—sss ~ — «cJ ~* cico 2222 in •s^aa S2§k522§S2Ss§2§2 2 « 222 S3 8gSS338aS§g *-f *r -=r oo* cvT ■ — T csT cnT •-<* oo u< in 00 CO NATION, 19, O CO O iCO^l**-**-* LO r—t OO lOCOOOOO i n lo i r^cM*— * 5 4- |8 o of 1956 r^mcD«-HCDOOO>COf— ‘CDOOCD II o^oioinorNrHrHcomrs CO CD *-* m CM CM r-H 1-* CD cmV*VT irf Deduc¬ tions 15 $918 918 257 i CD CO i O CD i i 1 oo CM i r-» cm i i 485 i i cd «-h m m ico*-* i O CD CM t— I . r-H | i * * i i i i i itnCMO • CM I Receipts from— Total additions 14 5 B CO CO 929 CM O CD o ir^o^rr-H *-• r-H 1 CO CM 3,608 SCONOlCDOOCOnHrHCOCM CM r-H OO OO in r-H CM CD CO *-H OO CM Private gifts and grants 13 $5, 383 5,383 | 646 i o oo i^a-r^cM^ lOtfi IHH 1 CM «— « 3,280 ^1-CD^fOCDCOincO co oo r^» co m *-• CM i I | • CD «-H i ICO l ih* l t csT i 1 * t Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year 1 12 $23, 395 23. 395 | 5, 511 OO^-IO IIDCONN ^■inco i cd r-. oo co oo *-h *-T icvT 9, 979 incsiNrHCsJCDO^O^tOOCO cDcD^rooocDr-^r-HCDinoo COOOO^CMr-trHrH CM cm%-«W erf Balance, end of fiscal year * 11 $14,655 14,601 2, 842 CMCO^nr^OOCOCDr-. o—«oo r-in^oo CNI •— l co io o •— « 4, 949 OCDCMCOinOOOOCMCOCDtDCO co 07 m co co in co *— co co cd cm CO rH CM CM CO CO OO r-* CD r-H CM Student loan funds Deduc¬ tions 10 5 5 JL iiii i 66 *-H O r-4 CM *-* CM OO CO *-H 38 1 6 Receipts from— Total additions o $1, 005 1, 003 175 o o iCMr^*o--«a- •-* ^ i CM 00 i i 370 mOCONCDtH^tONOCMO r^*-I^TO *— * r-H CM rH CM r-H Private gifts and grants 00 $697 696 125 oo cd icmcmcoco CVI IHN 1 1 243 1 cor^inrH^fN i in CO r-H CO i CM 1 1 1 i l 1 • co i 1 OO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * > 1 Balance, begin¬ ning of fiscal year * $13, 939 13, 887 2, 692 -•cocMcor^oo^j*-* CD r—i TT COr^f- too r-H r-H CO m CD*-* CO m CO ** CO O a> CM CD 00 o m CO CO 00 oo ■HOOOlO^THOOCMOOCDCM CO CM CM CM CO CO CO OO — » CM Endowment funds Balance, end of fiscal year > <0 $959, 355 958, 407 394, 450 cDtn^airHooin ujco^-oooorv^ ^OlCD^in^rTrH in" r-*' of cd" of co' cm" o OOCMCMCMlDOOCMr-i 237, 373 inoor^incvi^^-rs»rsO)^tin CO CM OO CO in O LO CO CO CO CO Oh OOCO-hO^COLOOOCOOOCDO co" ^KTy-tco" cd' co «-T^r cm erf Deduc¬ tions in 00 co 5 r* «A 1, 417 ! OO CMO CDOO ! CD • CD *-h O O i LO i *— * LO COCO i i i i i 1, 199 1 1 O CMC- tt i i CM *-h CM COCO I . HT r-H CO 1 1 1 1 1 i i in cm co i oo co -h i I Receipts from— Total additions $94,455 93, 834 41, 422 CDCOr^LDCOOOCO-^ CO^HOLOCOCDLOCD coixr^^oo^-incv] Kt «— T irf co r-f «=}■' 20, 642 OO^J-'cf-rHCDLnCsCMCMCOCOOO COr^CDCOooco^coincMLn«— *ct>cmoh cor^oocninr^r-HKfr-Hcococo ■^r cd co oo cd co co m«— *r>% — *" cm" ^ Balance, beginning of fiscal year > M $865, 338 865, 011 353, 287 COrHOi^f^COOO CVlrHCOCOOCO^-*- oo co r^- CD CO CD CM oi o"o" oo" co" co" oo"cn CO CM •— * CM LO *-* 216, 430 lO--OCMlOCT>tO.-iCTlCOOO t£>oouitor'-ocvj-a-tocMi^-^r mcncococncocmvcoooh.r-. 2;’ o>~ o' o' e-T cm' ■»*' ,-T to cm' cm' PO » — < CM ■ — 1 1 — , . — i to f-H Region and State H Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ _. - Northeast _ Connecticut . . - Maine _ _ _ Massachusetts . . New Jersey - - - New York _ _ Pennsylvania . . .. . . Rhode Island. . . . North Central.. Illinois . . . Indiana . . . Iowa . . . Kansas _ _ _ Michigan . . . . Minnesota . . . . Missouri . . . North Dakota . . Ohio - - - South Dakota _ _ Wisconsin . . . . 238,255 I 16,992 i 26,157 I 1,933 I 264,349 I 5,250 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 167 Table 6. — Statement of endowment, student loan , and annuity funds, by region and State: 1955-56 — Continued F. Teachers Colleges [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 168 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 7,049 | 40 | 356 | 3 | 7,401 | 878 | 11 i 44 i 34 i 898 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 169 Table 6. — Statement of endowment , student loan , and annuity funds, by region and State: 1955— 56— Continued G. Junior Colleges* [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding.] 170 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-195 6 14,770 | 469 | 581 I 32 | 15,723 | 720 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 171 38 -m o ar> csj oo cm co csj co csj uo — • cm co o ir> co cvj co in m csj oo m co r-H oo ir> — r^cocsjcoco^r csj o *— « cm co to ^rcncocNjr^.cT>^-^ —• csT nVcJ csj" — co co co cnocsjON^woOfHcooooo^-imn COO^^tDCO CD ^ I*'** ®— « O «-h O') nf- csj o *— « o cd csj csiococsir^o^co^- csT t-Ti-TcNT csT *-T DCOOOW* O CSI C7> O CO • Em;™.™ I = 5^ w . . r-> P — Q. TO c -* c so s J3 3 m _ _ _ .2 "2 a> o g g <J 0^00 ' l-i-gsi oo2o=5 . M °_® ®t- ■o'Tn fe£ E o a> o ■o c a> 252? £ o ° °"tj ■a-o S c c =j TO 3-0 ps °i I jj«2 H o> ® ISS — ce H w w c •S Appendix Form RSS-041(5i) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON 25. D. C Budget Bureau No. E1-R2S3.J. Approval expire! 12-51-57. FINANCIAL STATISTICS OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION Report for Fiscal Year Ended _ _ _ (Month) (Year) Where fiscal year closes later than October 1, figures for previous fiscal year should be reported, rather than delay the return. This report includes DO NOT WRITE branches located at: ft IN THIS SPACE — . T . . . . . A Information sunnlied bv _ . _ . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ (Name) (Title) (Data) INSTRUCTIONS 1. BASIC REFERENCE. The definitions and content of the present report-form are in general accord with the ac¬ counting and reporting practices recommended in College and University Business Administration, Volume I. This volume is published by the American Council on Education, 1785 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 6, D. C. 2. FORM OF DATA. Make report in terms of nearest dollars only; please omit cents. 3. ENTRY ON EACH LINE, (a) Where the college ac¬ counting system combines into a single total two or more of the items called for on the blank, ESTIMATES should be made for the separate items, in order that a national total for EACH ITEM may be computed. (6) In order to avoid acci¬ dental omissions, please put a ZERO or a DASH in blanks where there are no amounts to report. 4. BRANCHES. An institution which maintains one or more branches at separate post offices from the parent insti¬ tution should show clearly whether this report INCLUDES or EXCLUDES the branch schools. 5. SHARED FACILITIES. Colleges which share facili¬ ties with other groups (e. g., a junior college sharing facilities with a high school) should note the special directions on a separate sheet. 6. OPERATIONS UNDER SEPARATE CORPORATIONS. An institution maintaining separate corporations for the management of auxiliary or service enterprises (bookstore, dormitories, intercollegiate athletics, laundry, powerplant, etc.) or for other purposes should INCLUDE the properties and operations of these corporations in the several schedules of this report. 7. EXCLUDE AGENCY FUNDS, 1. e., funds handled by the institution in a custodial capacity only (e. g., funds for student organizations). 8. PLEASE EXPLAIN ANY WIDE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN— а. This report and the last previous report. б. The grand total for current fund income and the grand total for current fund expenditures. 9. PLEASE EXPLAIN ALSO— a. If endowment income is out of proportion to the | amount of endowment funds reported. 6. If non-salaried (contributed) service is included as a receipt, but not accounted for in the appropriate expenditure items. c. Any large amounts reported in residual or miscella¬ neous items (namely, items 12, 38e, and 49d). 10. STUDENT FEES SENT to a State or denominational headquarters and reappropriated by it to your institution should be reported as student fees in item 1, 14, or 15 and not as income from public sources (item 7) or as private gifts and grants (item 10). 11. TRANSFERRED STUDENTS. If you receive students from a school district or other public body which pays tuition from public funds, the amount derived from this source should be included in items 2b and 7 or 8. 12. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION AND GENERAL EXPENSE. a. General Administration includes all expenditures of the general executive and administrative offices serving the institution as a whole — not including, however, the expendi¬ tures for libraries, for operation and maintenance of the physical plant, or for auxiliary services. b. General Expense includes — t. General institutional expenses: catalogs, liability insurance, interest on funds borrowed for current educational and general purposes, alumni office, etc. ii. Services to students: the deans of students and their staffs, the guidance and counseling program, the student employment office, the placement bureau, the health service (where not an auxiliary enterprise, intended to be self- supporting), student activities financed from institutional funds, the registrar’s office (if regarded primarily as a service to students), etc. (Do not include expenditures for auxiliary enterprises; report these in items 31-32.) iii. Staff benefits: group insurance, contributions to pensions or retiring allowances, employer’s social security taxes, direct pension payments, etc. [If it is your practice to charge staff benefits to the separate departments or functions (such as Instruction, Operation and Maintenance of the Physi¬ cal Plant, Auxiliary Enterprises, etc.), instead of to General Expense, check here □ and report accordingly in Schedule II. If you include Staff Benefits in General Expense, check' here □•] 172 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 173 PAGE 2 PAGE 2 SCHEDULE l_ CURRENT FUND INCOME Include ONLY current fund income; exclude the income of other fund groups (Schedules III and IV). In order to avoid accidental omissions, please put a ZERO or DASH in blanks where there is no income to report. A INCOME FOR EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL PURPOSES: (Omit cents) 1. Tuition and Fees. Include tuition and general and specific fees assessed against students for educational and general purposes, regardless of source of funds, after deducting refunds. Include receipts from reg¬ ular session, summer session, extension (except instruction abroad), correspondence and adult educa¬ tion. Where scholarships or fellowships are granted out of current income, student fees should be reported at the customary rates, and the amount of allowance granted to student should be included as an expenditure under “G." . $ _ Divide flat-rate charges (such as a single total charge for tuition, room, board, etc.) among items 1, 14, 15, or other appropriate items, making estimates if and as needed. DO NOT include tuition and fees paid by pupils in nursery school, laboratory or demonstration school, etc., here (but in item 11c) ; nor fees for room and board (item 14) ; nor for auxiliary services (item 15) ; nor deposits. See also instructions, page 1, items 10 and 11. 2. Deduction of tuition and fees received directly from governmental sources (see items 6-8) : o. Receipts from Veterans’ Administration, for veterans under Public Laws 16, 346, and 894. [Do not include veterans under P. L. 550 (“Korean veterans”) ] . 3 _ _ 6. Tuition and fees from other governmental sources [e. g., school district, county, city. Army, Air Force, regional (inter-State) compact, etc.] . $ _ 3. Deduction of fees restricted to use for plant expansion, debt retirement, etc., not already excluded in item 1 above. (Part of item 38e) . 2 _ 4. Totol deductions (sum of items 2a, 26, and 3) . $ - S. Tuition and fees from students lets deductions (item 1 minus item 4) . $ _ 6. From Federal government (sum of a-d below) . 3- а. Receipts from Veterans’ Administration for tuition and fees (same as item 2a) . . 3 _ б. Regular appropriations to land-grant institutions for instruction, facilities, re¬ search (experiment stations), and cooperative extension . $ _ _ (Only land-grant institutions should report this item.) e. Federal grants or Federal contractual amounts for research, other than under 6 . . 3 _ d. All other grants or payments. [Include Federal payments for maintenance of rec¬ ords on students under Public Law 550; and tuition and other costs paid by the Federal Government for training programs for students, such as the Army and Navy. Exclude any Federal aid received through State channels (report under item 7). Exclude income from Federal land grants (report under item 9). Exclude value of war surplus materials (this is not current fund income).] .... 3 - 7. From Stole government. Include State appropriations, and also (a) all Federal aid received through State channels, and (6) receipts under a regional (inter-State) compact Institutions receiving a biennial appropriation from the State should include only that portion of the appropriation applicable to the fiscal year being reported . 3- NOTE. — See Instructions, page 1, item 10. 8. From local government — county, city, and school district including tuition from school districts for elemen¬ tary and secondary school pupils and junior college students . 3- 9. Endowment earnings applicable to expenditures listed in items 23-29 (current educational and general). Include general or unrestricted endowment earnings. Include also earnings from restricted endowment funds expendable for items 23-29, indicating by a check mark whether such earnings are here included (a) in full □, or (6) only to the extent expended during the fiscal year Include earnings from endowment funds held in trust outside the institution (by the State or by a private agency). Include earnings from Federal and State land-grant funds. Treat transfers from a reserve for stabilization of endowment income as endowment earnings. Exclude earnings added to the principal of funds in Schedules III and IV . 3 - - 10. Private gifts and grants expendable for current educational and general purposes (items 23-29) . Indi¬ cate by a check mark whether restricted gifts and grants are here included (a) in full □, or (6) only to the extent expended during the fiscal year Do not include additions to endowment funds, loan funds, plant funds, etc. Sum of a~g below . * . . а. Alumni (through alumni associations, including former students) ........ 3 - б. Churches (denominations, congregations, orders), cash items only . 3 - a. Non-salaried or contributed services (estimated monetary value) . 3 - d. Corporations . 3 - e. Foundations . 5 - /. Grants or contracts for research . 3 - g. Others, including individuals . 3 . 3> > Go on to PAGE 3 174 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 PAGE S PAGE 8 h. Of the total private gifts and grants in item 10, what amount was unrestricted as to use? . $ . . . 11. From organized activities related to educational departments. (Please report GROSS income.) Sum of or-c below . . а. Agricultural (include receipts from creamery, farms, orchards, etc.) . $ . _ б. Medical-school hospitals (include receipts from medical-school hospitals, dental and medical clinics, etc.) . $ . . c. All other (e. g., receipts from tuition from pupils in laboratory school ; fees charged to outside concerns for testing of materials by engineering school, where this serv¬ ice is on a systematic, organized basis; etc.) . . . . . $ _ _ 12. From other sources. [Include interest on investment of current funds; library fines; incidental income of educational departments (e. g., from sale of publications) and from research projects (e. g., from sale of produce of agricultural experiment stations not included in 11a above) ; rent, net of direct costs, for use of institutional buildings; etc.] . . Do not include rental for housing operated as Auxiliary Enterprises (dormitories, faculty housing, etc.) : report such income in items 14-15 below. Do not include rent from property held as investment of endowment (report in item 9 above, or, if income is added directly to endowment principal, in item 49c). Do not include nonrevenue receipts, such as receipts from interfund transfers or loans, or from bond issues or other external loans — since such receipts represent merely the exchange, transfer, or loan of assets, rather than a true increase of assets, or true income. 13. TOTAL CURRENT INCOME FOR EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL PURPOSES (items 5-12) . . $ _ a. GROSS INCOME OF AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES. (Include amounts even if funds are not handled by college finance officer.) 14. Cafeterias, dining halls, and student residence halls ...... . . 3 _ _ 15. Other axillary enterprises [college bookstore, student union, student hospital, faculty housing, intercollegiate athletics, concerts, industrial plants operated on a student self- help basis (not part of endowment), university press (not part of endowment), etc.] . $ . . 16. TOTAL GROSS INCOME OF AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES (items 14-15) . . . . S C. STUDENT AID INCOME FOR SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS. AND PRIZES. (Exclude funds for “teaching fel¬ lowships” and "service scholarships,” since these represent, primarily, compensation for services.) 17. From restricted endowment funds designated for scholarships, fellowships, and prizes . $ . . 18. Prlvote gifts and grants (do not include transfers from income already reported in item 10; see item 20) . 3 _ 19. From public sources (do not include transfers from income already reported in items 6, 7, or 8; see item 20) . $ . . 20. Transfers from other Income-accounts or funds (e. g., from educational and general in¬ come, from annuity funds, etc.). Include remission of fees . $ . . — - 21. TOTAL RECEIPTS FOR SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES (items 17-20) . 3 . . 22. TOTAL, EXCLUDING TRANSFERS AND REMISSIONS (items 17, 18, and 19 only) . . . $ D. TOTAL CURRENT FUND INCOME (sum of items 13, 16, and 22) . $ SCHEDULE II.— CURRENT FUND EXPENDITURES NOTE 1. — It is desirable to prorate salaries of persons employed in more than one category. NOTE 2. — Include and distribute (among accounts for Instruction, General Administration and General Expense, Library, etc.) the value of nonsalaried or contributed services reported in item 10c of Schedule I. NOTE 3. — Report only expenditures made directly from current funds as distinguished from plant funds (Schedule III) and other funds (Schedule IV). Expenditures for plant additions, major alterations, equipment for new buildings, and funds used to repay principal of funds borrowed for new buildings, preferably should not be reported in Schedule II, but in Schedule III. Expenditures from current funds for "furniture and equipment” (item 35a) and for plant expansion and improvements (item 36) should be added to item 40 and to lines 436 and 43c. Exclude purchases made as investment of endowment, loan, or annuity funds. m Go on to PAGE 4 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 175 PAGE « SCHEDULE II.— CURRENT FUND EXPENDITURES (Continued) (Please read carefully the NOTES at bottom of preceding page) E. EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL EXPENDITURES: 23. General administration and general expense. (For definition, see page 1, "Instructions,” paragraph 12.) If feasible, please deduct here, and include in items 29 and 31-32 below, the direct and prorated costs of ‘‘general administration and general expense” that are chargeable to Auxiliary Enterprises (items 31-32) and to Organized Activities Related to Educational Departments (item 29) . а. Of the total amount in item 23. how much was for Services to Students (as defined on page 1, paragraph 12, 6, it) ? . $ _ б. Does the total amount in item 23 include payment of interest on funds borrowed for current educational and general purposes? Yes _ , No _ _ If “Yes,” how much? . $ _ 24. Instruction and departmental research . $_ Report "all current expenditures of the instructional departments, colleges, and schools of the Institution,” including “expenditures for research not separately budgeted or financed.” Include office expenses and equipment, laboratory expenses and equipment, and salaries of department heads, pro¬ fessors and other instructional staff (including student assistants), technicians, secretaries, clerks, etc. If feasible include here — rather than in item 25 below — expenditures for degree-credit courses given in extension (an ESTIMATE is ACCEPTABLE). (If such extension expenditures are included in item 24, •heck here □; if included in item 25 below, check here If no extension division, or if no college- credit courses given in extension, check here □■) 25. Extension and public services . f. Include expenditures for correspondence courses, radio courses, adult-study courses, non-degree- eredit courses, institutes, public lectures, cooperative extension (in land-grant institutions), radio and television stations, etc. If feasible, include in item 24, rather than here, expenditures for college-credit courses (i. e., those creditable toward a degree) even when such courses are offered under an extension department. 24. Libraries (include total expenditures for books, binding, salaries, wages, and other operating expenses for all libraries) . 5- 27. Opc ratio* o*d maintenance of the physical plant. If feasible, please deduct here, and include in items 29 and 31-32 below, the direct and prorated costs of "operation and maintenance of the physical plant” that are chargeable to Auxiliary Enterprises (items 31-32) and to Organized Activities Related to Educational Departments (item 29) . $. 28. Organized Research а. Conducted under outside contracts or grants, public or private . $ _ б. All other research . $ - $ . PAGE 4 2t. Orgonlxed activities related to educational departments (same activities as in item 11). (Include, if feasible, the direct and prorated charges of items 23 and 27.) Sum of a-c below . $ _ _ _ _ o. Agricultural . $ - b. Medical-school hospitals . $ _ e. All other (same as in item lie) . | _ 30. TOTAL EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL EXPENDITURES (items 23-29) . i F. AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES (report GROSS expenditures. Including, if feasible, the direct and prorated charges mentioned in items 23 and 27): 31. Cafeterias, dining halls, and student residence halls . $ _ 32. Other auxiliary enterprises (same as in item 15) . J _ 33. TOTAL CURRENT EXPENDITURES FOR AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES (items 31-32) . $ 34. a. TOTAL INSTITUTIONAL PAYROLL. Of the sum of items 30 and 33 above, what was the total of institutional pujpnll for the fiscal year (gross salaries and wages of the total academic and non- academic staff, including student help, before deductions) ? . $ - b. Does total in item 33 include any payment of interest? Yes _ , No _ _ If "Yes,” how much? . 3 . . . 6. STUDENT AID EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES . $ Include all payments for scholarships, fellowships, and prizes, whether income was from unrestricted or from specifically designated (i. e., “restricted”) funds. Include remission of fees. Payments to students rendering required services (e. g., library assistants, teaching fellows, etc.) should be reported under spe¬ cific items 23-32, and not here in G. H. TOTAL CURRENT EXPENDITURES (items 30, 33. and G) . $ 35a. Total expenditure from current funds (included in item H above) for “furniture and equipment” (i. e., library books, furniture and furnishings, laboratory and office equipment and machinery, trucks, farm implements, nonlaboratory livestock, etc.) . $ - 856. Book value of furniture and equipment replaced, sold, or otherwise disposed of (an estimate is acceptable). $ - - 35c. Net expenditure from current funds for furniture and equipment. (Item 35a minus 356) . $ - 36. Total expenditure from current funds (included in item H above) for plant expansion and improvements (include fixed equipment). If exact figure is not available, please give reasonable estimate . 8 - - - NOTE. — Include in items 40 and 43 the amounts reported in 35a and 36. See Note 3, page 3, »» -> Tam to PAGE 5. 176 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-1956 PAGE 6 PAGE 5 SCHEDULE III.— PLANT FUNDS TABLE A— RECEIPTS OF FUNDS DESIGNATED FOR PLANT ADDITIONS OR REPLACEMENTS, INCLUDING LOANS FOR PLANT PURPOSES 37. BALANCE OF UNEXPENDED PLANT FUNDS at beginning: of year 38. ADDITIONS TO PLANT FUNDS during the fiscal year: а. From Federal government . $ . . б. From State government . $ _ e. From local (district, county, city) government . $ _ d. Private gifts and grants. Sum of (l)-(3) below . $ _ (1) From churches (denominations, congregations, orders, etc.) . . $ _ (2) From foundations and corporations . $ _ (3) From individuals, including alumni groups . $ _ e. From other sources, except transfers and loans.. Include: student fees restricted to use for plant expansion or debt retirement; net earnings on plant-fund investments; net realized gains from sale of plant-fund assets; etc. . $ _ f. TOTAL ADDITIONS to plant funds during the fiscal year . $ _ 39. LOANS to plant foods during the fiscal year, from — а. Bond issues, mortgages. Federal Housing and Home Finance Agency, notes, bank loans, etc . $ . . б. Institutional funds (endowment funds, funds functioning as endowment, current funds, etc.) . | _ 40. TRANSFERS (NOT LOANS) FROM CURRENT FUNDS to plant funds . $ _ 41. TOTAL UNEXPENDED PLANT FUNDS available . $ . „ . TABLE B— ADDITIONS TO PLANT ASSETS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR; REDUCTION OF INDEBTEDNESS: AND VALUE OF PLANT AND OF PLANT FUNDS 42. VALUE OF PLANT at beginning of year . . . $ . . 43. EXPENDITURES FOR ADDITIONS to Plant Assets during the fiscal year : ' а. Land . . $ . б. Buildings (including fixed equipment), and improvements other than buildings (util¬ ity lines, landscaping, etc.) ’ . . $. . c. Furniture and equipment (not reported in 6 above ) . Include library books, furniture, furnishings, laboratory and office equipment and machinery, trucks, farm implements, nonlaboratory livestock, etc . $ . . d. Total of 43, a, b and e . ... $ _ _ e. Deduct plant assets written off or disposed of . $ . . /. Net additions to plant assets during the year * * 3 . $ . g. VALUE OF PLANT at close of the year. Sum of lines (1) to (3) below . 3 . . Consisting of : (1) Land . . $ . - (2) Buildings3 . $ _ (3) Furniture and Equipment . $... . . 44. REDUCTION OF CAPITAL INDEBTEDNESS during the fiscal year, (a) Include repayment or reduction of the principal of bank loans, notes, mortgages, bond issues, etc. (See 39a above) . $ . . (6) Include repayment of interfund loans, etc. (See 396 above) . $ . . 45. BALANCE OF UNEXPENDED PLANT FUNDS at end of year, i. e., Total Available (41 above), less net addi¬ tions to plant assets (43/ above); less reduction of capital indebtedness (44 a and 6 above). Consisting of: All funds for plant expansion, for retirement of indebtedness, and all other funded reserves, etc., held in cash or investments or other liquid assets . $ - 3 Report value of physical plant assets preferably at cost (or appraised value at time of acquisition, if a gift) except that library books may be valued "at cost or at one dollar per volume or other reduced arbitrary value.” In case of property used for auxiliary enterprises, and preferably also in the case of service property, the valuation should reflect a suitable allowance for depreciation from original value. 3 Include value (at cost) of partially completed construction, and also of building materials, lumber, hardware, etc., purchased for use in con¬ struction and owned by the institution. ■ 3 The net additions, i. e., the cost of assets acquired, less the book value of offsetting assets replaced, sold, or otherwise disposed of. Include assets acquired by expenditures from current funds and plant funds as well as by gift. In connection with current funds, include item 3 5a (furni¬ ture and equipment) and item 36 (physical plants assets other than furniture and equipment). yurn f0 pAGE j HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 177 PAGE e PAGE fl TABLE C.— OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES OF PLANT FUNDS AT CLOSE OF FISCAL YEAR; AND INTEREST 4*. OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES OF PLANT FUNDS at close of fiscal year: «. Accounts payable, netes payable, bank loans, bank overdrafts, bonds outstanding, mortgage principal outstanding, accrued interest, etc. . | _ 6. Loans repayable to other institutional funds (endowment funds, funds functioning as endowment, cur¬ rent funds, etc.) . $ _ 47. o. Do the entries in Table B (on preceding page) include interest payments? Yes _ , No _ _ If “Yes,” how much? . $ _ b. Interest payments made from plant funds, not included in entries of Table B . SCHEDULE IV. — ENDOWMENT, STUDENT LOAN, AND ANNUITY FUNDS Item (1) Endowment and fund* functioning u endowment (2) Student loan fund* * (3) Annuity fund* > <«) 4B. Principal or balance at beginning of fiscal year . % . $ 44. Additions to PRINCIPAL during the fiscal year (exclude amounts re¬ ported as current-fund income (Schedule II) or as additions to plant funds (Schedule III) ) : a. Private gifts and grants, added to principal . $■_ . ... . $ _ b. Net realized gains ' on investments,' added to principal . e. Interest or net earnings on investments,* if added to principal .... , d. Other additions to principal, exclusive of interfund transfers ’ . e. TOTAL ADDITIONS TO PRINCIPAL during the fiscal year .... 50. Deductions from PRINCIPAL during the fiscal year. [Net realized loss •on investments,' or decrease in reserve for losses; depreciation of real property held as part of endowment fund, uncompensated by an increase in funded reserve for depreciation (CoL 2) ; notes charged off (CoL 3) ; payments to annuitants (Col. 4) ; etc. Do not include deductions arising from interfund transactions.'] . 51 . Principal or balance at close of fiscal year . : . . , S2 foan611* f a' ^oans granted during fiscal year, $ - - b. Loans repaid during fiscal year, $_ funds 1 e. Total loans outstanding at end of year, $ - . Number reporting income not available. Table I reveals a gradual increase in the proportion of funds com¬ ing from State sources. Since 1939, this amount has increased from 0.5 percent to 2.7 percent. It is anticipated that this trend will con¬ tinue. Not only are some States appropriating slightly larger grants for public library development, but other States are considering this form of aid as an incentive toward public library development and as a means of equalizing public library services in all areas of the State. Two regions, the Northeast and the South, provide the greatest State assistance to public libraries. The Northeast reports $2,150,000 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 13 and the South, $2,097,000 (table 5, column 5). The greatest single State gain is in New York, which has increased its State grant from $192,000 in 1950 to $2,047,000 in 1955-56. State assistance may come in the form of outright grants or may be in the form of library materials or payment in whole or part of local library salaries. This accounts for the differences in column 5 of table 5 and in column 10 of table 25 (page 92), which presents selected statistics of State library agencies. In this latter table, analysis of data has followed the definition in The Book of the States which considers as State aid only direct fiscal assistance.10 Thus, when aid is reported in the form of advisory or other services, such as provision of books or the payment of salaries, this aid by the State library agency is excluded from table 25. Contrary to public opinion, public library fines and fees form only a small percentage of the library’s revenue. The importance of the revenue available from this source is frequently diminished further by local ordinance or practice which specifies that library fines and fees must be credited to the general fund and not to the public library account. Although income from endowments and gifts for continental United States has risen from $5,694,000 in 1950 to $7,912,000 in 1955-56 (table 5, column 6), the percentage of public library income from this source has actually decreased from 4.8 percent in 1950 to 4.3 percent in the current study (text table I, column 6). The Northeast region continues to lead, by far, with a total income from this source of $6,429,000; the South follows with $726,000, and the North Central region with $577,000. The West reports the least amount, with $181,000 (table 5, column 6). Again, as in 1950, New York leads all other States in income from endowments and gifts, listing a total of $3,668,000 from this source. In general, “endowments stem mostly from an earlier period before community libraries received tax money. Most of the institutions now deriving an appreciable part of their support from contributed funds are small libraries in the North and the East.” 11 Only 952 public library systems (table 5, columns 8-9) reported the total amount of their endowments, trust or investment funds. For 1955-56, $108,752,000 was reported. This contrasts with the $87,971,000 listed for 1950, the $37,694,000 reported for 1945, and the $36,815,000 for 1939. These totals are all exclusive of building funds. The Council of State Governments. The Book of the States, 19S8-S9, Vol. XII. “State Aid to Local Governments in 1956.” Chicago: The Council, 1958. p. 244. n Leigh, Robert D. The PvJblic Library in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press, 1950. p. 162. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 If State grants are excluded, since they are in reality public funds, then only 10.0 percent of the 1956 public library income can be con¬ sidered as coming from private sources of any kind (table I, columns 6-7). Total Expenditures Since “the quality of public library services depends upon the amount of financial support”, 12 data on total operating expenditures are of great significance to library administrators, governing officials, and others concerned with public library development. For the fiscal year ending in 1956, the total operating expenditure for the 6,190 public library systems reporting this item was $170,223,000 (table 6, page 52). Included in the category of operating expenditures are amounts spent for library and building staff salaries, books and periodicals, binding and mending, audiovisual materials, and ex¬ penditures for all other purposes exclusive of capital outlay. In 1950, total operating expenditures amounted to $109,777,000 for the 5,773 systems reporting; in 1945, $61,790,000; and, in 1938-39, $48,832,000. A study of trends in operating expenditures (table II) reveals a gradual percentage increase in library staff salaries and a correspond¬ ing decrease in percentages spent for other categories. Table II. — Comparative percentage distribution of total public library operating expenditures: Fiscal 1956 , 1950 , 1945 , and 1939 Fiscal year Total Library staff salaries Building staff salaries Books Periodi¬ cals Audio¬ visual materials Binding and mending All other purposes Undis¬ tributed l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1956 100.0 61.0 6.7 14.2 1.1 0.4 2.1 14.5 1950 _ 100.0 59.6 6.9 1 15. 6 .3 2.6 15.0 (2) 1945. .... 100.0 58.8 7.8 * 16. 9 2.8 13.2 ' 0.5 1939 . . 100.0 55.0 7.3 *18.0 3.9 15.6 0.2 1 Includes periodicals; separate data not available. 2 Less than 0.1 percent. 3 Includes periodicals and audiovisual materials; separate data not available. As contrasted with 1939, when library staff salaries absorbed 55.0 percent of the total operating expenditure of public library systems, this same item in 1956 takes 61.0 percent of the operating budget. Expenditures for books, periodicals, and audiovisual materials have decreased from 18.0 percent to 15.7 percent (table II, columns 5-7). » Ibid, p. 136. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 15 The percentage spent for binding and mending (column 8) has also decreased — from 3.9 percent in 1939 to 2.1 percent in 1956. On analysis, table 6 reveals the following distribution and percent¬ age breakdown for 7 expenditure categories during fiscal year 1956: Category Library staff salaries _ Building staff salaries and wages. Books _ Periodicals _ Audiovisual materials _ Binding and mending _ All other operating expenditures. Expenditure Percent $103, 795, 253 61. 0 11,487,002 6.7 24, 224, 547 14. 2 1, 900, 124 1. 1 693, 047 . 4 3, 515, 412 2. 1 24, 607, 264 14. 5 Total _ 170, 222, 649 100. 0 In order to determine how closely these data conform to the latest proportionate division of expenditures suggested by the American Library Association, three major calculations have been computed from the data above: Category Expenditure Percent Salaries (other than maintenance) _ $103, 795, 253 61. 0 Library materials (including binding) _ 30, 333, 130 17. 8 Other expenditures _ 36, 094, 266 21. 2 Total _ 170, 222, 649 100. 0 For the three categories above, the American Library Association suggests these proportions: Percent Category 65 — 70 _ Salaries other than maintenance. 15 — 20 _ Library materials including binding. 5 — 10 _ Other operating expenditures.13 The distribution above should not be considered fixed but rather only a suggested frame of reference or rule of thumb in analyzing public library budget data. The Association makes the point that a library must first come up to standards in all resources, books as well as staff, before it may appropriately decide to put disproprotionate increases in one or another budget category. “This is consistent with the view that national standards do not provide an ultimate and uniform goal to be achieved, but a minimum base upon which individual service programs should be built.” 14 13 American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards, Public Libraries Division. Costs of Public Library Service in 1966 (a supplement to Public Library Service). Chicago: The Association, 1956. p. 3-4. M Ibid, p. 4. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 In view of the general upward trend in salaries, it is not surprising to learn that the percentage spent for library staff salaries has again risen, this time from 59.6 percent ($65,422,000) in 1950 to 61.0 per¬ cent ($103,795,000) in 1955-56 (table 6, column 4). In the 17 years from 1939 to 1956, library staff salary increases have gone up from 55.0 percent to 61.0 percent. Library staff salaries are absorbing an increasing percentage of the total operating expenditure. However, “no library can render effec¬ tive service without adequate and competent personnel. The library’s unique function of serving as the one unbiased, nonpartisan bureau of information for all the people calls for personnel of the highest competence and integrity.” 15 Building-staff salaries and wages have decreased percentage-wise from 6.9 percent ($7,614,000) in 1950 to 6.7 percent ($3,515,000) in 1955-56 (table 6, column 5). However, amounts reported for this item do not necessarily reflect the total amount spent, since building and maintenance salaries are sometimes included in the budget of the community or education department rather than that of the li¬ brary. This is especially true when the public library shares facilities with other municipal and county services. Book expenditures were $24,225,000 for the 6,190 public library systems reporting this item (table 6, column 6). When the separate expenditure of $1,900,000 for periodicals (column 7) is added, the total amounts to $26,125,000 (or 15.3 percent of all operating ex¬ penditures). This compares with the $17,147,000 (or 15.6 percent) reported for books and periodicals in 1950. In 1956, response to the request for separate expenditure data on books and periodicals was sufficient to warrant inclusion of these separate data in table 6. However, it is possible that the periodical expenditure as reported this first time (table 6, column 7) may be somewhat low. Library bookkeeping practices vary sufficiently to suggest that periodical expenditures may appear in other totals — either with books (column 6) or with all other purposes (column 10). Audiovisual expenditures increased slightly, from 0.3 percent in 1950 ($313,000) to 0.4 percent ($693,000) in 1955-56. This total may also be regarded as a very conservative figure and due to the same bookkeeping practices mentioned above. Outlay for binding and mending of library materials totaled $3,515,000 (or 2.1 percent). This represents a small percentage decrease from the data reported in 1950, when 2.6 percent (or $2,797,000) was expended for this item. 16 American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Public Library Service. Op. cit., p. 38. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 17 Public library expenditures for all other purposes (exclusive of capital outlay) amounted to $24,607,000, or 14.5 percent. In 1950, $16,484,000, or 15.0 percent, was reported. Included in this category are such expenditure items as charges for rent, heat, light, water, and insurance. Capital outlay (table 6, column 13) has almost trebled since 1950. The figure reported for 1950 was $4,393,000, whereas that for 1956 is $12,263,000. Included in capital outlay are expenditures for library buildings, sites, and additions. This figure of $12,263,000 is un¬ doubtedly a conservative one, since the expenditure for public library construction may be carried separately as a municipal capital improve¬ ment item. In such cases, the library budget does not reflect the expenditure. Public library facilities have long been considered inadequate, with wartime building restrictions further aggravating their inadequacy. The condition has become even more acute as a result of the sub¬ stantial population increases in many communities. Library service from the central headquarters must be adequately supplemented by service outlets in suburbia and “exurbia.” Understandably, major library building programs have been reported in all sections of the countrv — some of which are reflected in the capital outlay figure reported above. Although the Office of Education continues to receive requests for information on amounts spent for children’s services in public libraries, it has not been possible to present distinct data on this service. Returns were scant, both in 1950 and 1956, on such questions as amounts spent for children’s books and children’s periodicals. Ac¬ counting systems of many public libraries do not include a separate breakdown of such expenditures for adult and juvenile materials. The Office of Education is deeply concerned with the need for more detailed information on public library service to children. Per Capita Operating Expenditures Per capita expenditures by State are given in column 12 of table 6 (page 52). These range from a low of $0.38 to a high of $2.39 and an average of $1.45 for continental United States. On a regional distribution, the West ranks highest with $1.80 per capita. North Central ranks second with $1.76 and the Northeast third with $1.71. Per capita public library expenditure in the South is $0.74. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 The following table shows the total per capita variations for 1950 as compared with those for 1956: Table III. — Per- capita expenditure variations: Fiscal 1956 and 1950 Per capita expenditures Number of States Per capita expenditures Number of States 1956 1950 1956 1950 Less than 27 cents 1 0 $1.00 to $1.24 . . . 12 7 27 to 49 cents _ _ _ 10 4 $1.25 to $1.49.. _ _ 5 11 50 to 74 cents . . . . 7 7 $1.50 to $1.99 _ _ _ 2 14 75 to 99 cents. 11 3 $2.00 and over _ _ _ 0 2 In 1950, when the American Library Association recommended a minimum per capita expenditure of $1.50 for public library service, only one State (Massachusetts) and the District of Columbia attained this minimum. The revised standards of the Association recommend approximately $3 per capita as a minimum for systems serving at least 100,000 population and a higher rate for smaller units.16 In no State is the current minimum standard met. Massachusetts, with its $2.39 per capita, comes closest. Further, if expenditures are adjusted to the decreasing purchasing power of the dollar, public library expenditures fall even further behind current standards. The 1956 adjusted per capita for the United States stands at $1.26, rather than at $1.45, when expressed in terms of 1950 dollars.17 When public library expenditures are adjusted, in terms of an estimated 18 1956 population for systems reporting financial data rather than the 1950 census, a per capita expenditure of $1.16 is the resulting figure in 1956 dollars. In all instances, “per capita” refers only to the population served by library stystems which reported financial data as shown in table 6, column 11 (117,302,268) and not to the total population of conti¬ nental United States, 1950 census (150,697,361). A calculation of expenditures using the latter figure would reduce the average from $1.45 to $1.13 per capita. Distribution of Systems by Amount of Operating Expenditure In his 1950 study,19 Dr. Leigh arrived at a budget expenditure figure of $100,000 as the dividing line between adequacy and inade- 18 American Library Association. Coordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Costs of Public Library Service in 1956. Op. cit., p. 2. 17 Adjusted by use of Consumer Price Index, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 19 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Population Estimates. Series P-25, No. 176, May 14, 1958. (Based on this, a 10.5 percent increase was applied to the 117,302,268 population figure for the 6,190 systems reporting finance.) Washington: The Bureau. i® Leigh. Op. cit., p, 154-55. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 19 quacy of public library service for a single system. This was an increase over the $60,000 minimum cost of a relatively efficient unit of service suggested by the Committee on Post-War Planning of the American Library Association to meet 1947 cost levels.20 Dr. Leigh explained his expenditure figure as follows: Allowing for all possible economies, our estimates of the annual cost for salaries, materials, and maintenance of the public library service * * * , using present price and salary levels, would be at or near the $100,000 mark. When we examined the public libraries in our sample with regard to their collection of standard nonfiction books, their subscriptions and binding of periodicals valuable for reference, and their collections of music materials, films, or Government publications, we found that the $100,000 budget figure approxi¬ mates the dividing line between adequacy and inadequacy.21 It is generally agreed that per-capita expenditures can at best only serve as guide lines for public library development. The existing level of service, local economic conditions and needs, size of community, proximity of other library resources — all these affect a per-capita recommendation. As a generalization for budget planners, the Ameri¬ can Library Association suggests that * * * in 1956, in a more-or-less typical city or county of 100,000 people, approximately $3 per capita is needed to achieve minimum standards. Smaller places will need a substantially higher rate; larger places with high population density may be able to come up to minimum adequacy with somewhat less, but examination of budget shows that the necessary rate falls off very slowly.22 Computed on this basis, approximately $300,000 would therefore be needed to provide minimum library service for a system serving a population of around 100,000. Using the $100,000 budget figure suggested by Dr. Leigh, a study of table IV (page 20) shows how few American public libraries have attained even this 1950 standard. In 1945, 1.4 percent of the public library systems reporting spent $100,000 or over; in 1950, 2.5 percent; and in 1956, 3.9 percent. Con¬ versely, those spending under $10,000 have been decreasing from 88.4 percent in 1939 to 70.6 percent in 1956. Table 7 (page 54) provides a State distribution of annual operating expenditure and shows 9 States as not having a single public library system with an annual expenditure of $100,000 and 11 States as hav¬ ing only 1 such system. 29 American Library Association. Prepared for the Committee on Post-War Planning by Carlton B. Joeckel and Amy Winslow. A National Plan for Public Library Service. Chicago: The Association, 1948. p. 35. Leigh. Op. cit., p. 154-55. 22 American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Costs of Public Library Service in 1956. Op. cit., p. 2. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table IV. — Comparative percentage distribution of public library operating expenditures: Fiscal 1956 , 1950 , 1945, and 1939 Annual operating expenses 1956 1950 1945 1939 Number of library systems Percent of total Number of library systems Percent of total Number of library systems Percent of total Number of library systems Percent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total . Less than $1,000 . . $1,000 to $3,999 _ $4,000 to $9,999 _ $10,000 to $24,999 _ $25,000 to $99,999 _ $100,000 to $199,999... $200,000 to $499,999... $500,000 and over . 6,190 100.0 5, 773 100.0 5, 799 100.0 5, 428 100.0 1,422 1,871 1,076 874 708 122 71 *46 23.0 30.2 17.4 14.1 11.4 2.0 1.2 .7 1,690 1,787 967 741 439 82 37 30 29.3 31.0 16.8 12.8 7.6 1.4 .6 .5 2, 221 1,916 858 484 238 40 M2 38.3 33.0 14.8 8.4 4.1 .7 .7 2,411 1,670 719 367 >261 44.4 30.8 13.2 6.8 4.8 1 Data are for expenditures of over $25,000; separate data not available for other categories shown in column 1. 2 Data are for expenditures of $200,000 and over; separate data not available for the category $500,000 and over. * Includes 25 libraries with annual operating expenditures which exceed $1,000,000. The North Central region has the largest number of systems — 76 — with operating expenditures of $100,000 and over. The Northeast is second with 64; the West, third with 54; and the South, fourth with 45. Only a small percentage (3.9 percent) of the 6,190 public library systems reporting finance list expenditures of $100,000 and over (table 7, columns 8-10). However, this group of 239 libraries serves a popu¬ lation of 59,984,881, or 39.8 percent of the entire population of conti¬ nental United States — 150,697,361. Of the 46 systems with annual expenditures of $500,000 and over (column 10), 25 have expenditures which exceed $1,000,000. These 25 systems are located in 14 States and the District of Columbia. Table 8 (page 55) presents for the first time total operating and per-capita expenditures distributed by population group served, ar¬ ranged by region and State. In continental United States, per-capita expenditures range from $1.12 for all libraries in the population group 25,000-49,999 to $1.68 for systems serving populations of 100,000 and over, with $1.45 as the average for all systems. Library standards point out that per-capita figures are significant only when sufficient library income can be realized by multiplying population by the per- capita expenditure available. The smaller the community, the greater the per-capita necessary to attain recommended resource and per¬ formance standards. Should a population group of 20,000 people decide to maintain its own independent library service, it must pay almost twice as much per capita as a group of 200,000 people in order to provide the same adequate service.23 M American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Public Library Service. Op. cit., p. xvlii. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 21 Although public library operating expenditures have risen from a total of $109,777,000 in 1950 to $170,223,000 in 1956 (an increase of 55.1 percent), this amount still represents a very minute share of total public expenditures. If 1956 expenditure data are corrected to account for the 1,681 non¬ respondents, then an adjusted total of $174,243,000 can be computed. For this purpose, it has been assumed that the financial expenditure pattern of nonrespondents is similar to that of public library systems serving populations of under 5,000. Public library operating expenditures were less than 1 percent (0.6 percent) of all community expenditures in 1956, when comparing the adjusted total of $174,243,000 with the total public expenditure for all purposes ($28,273,000,000 as reported by the counties, cities, townships, school and special districts in the United States).24 For that same year, a total of $11,165,000,000 was spent for elementary and secondary education.25 Public library operating expenditures are only 1.6 percent of that total. Library Materials Book Stock Approximately 173,156,000 volumes were available (table 9, page 62) to the 117,607,364 people served by the 6,249 public library systems reporting in continental United States. This represents 1.5 volumes per capita for the 1956 fiscal year as contrasted with 1.2 reported for 1950, 1.4 in 1945, and 1.3 in 1939. Over the years, there has not been any appreciable change in per-capita book holdings in public library systems. In all instances, the per capita is based on population served by reporting libraries and not on the total popula¬ tion of continental United States. In its population estimate series, the Bureau of the Census reveals an approximate 10.5 percent increase between April 1, 1950 and April 1, 1956. 26 By adjusting the 117,607,364 population figure, an estimated revised population figure of 129,956,137 can be calculated. This adjusted 1956 population, when used to recalculate books per capita, reduces the figure from 1.5 to 1.3, making it only slightly higher than the 1.2 reported for 1950. 24 U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1958. Washington: U.S. Govern¬ ment Printing Office, 1958. p. 408 (table No. 505). 2* Ibid. 26 U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Population Estimates. Op cit. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 For purposes of these nationwide public library studies, the term “book” or “volume” is defined as “any printed, typewritten, mimeo¬ graphed, or processed work, bound or unbound, which has been cata¬ loged or fully prepared for use” (page 2 of Form 8-071, reproduced on page 100). At the end of fiscal year 1956, the 173,156,000 volumes reported for continental United States were distributed as follows (table 9, columns 6-8): 80,408,000 adult, 35,012,000 juvenile, and 57,735,000 undis¬ tributed as to adult or juvenile. If the same ratio holds for the undistributed books as for those already distributed, then the total adult book stock would read somewhere around 120,630,000 and that for juvenile volumes around 52,526,000 — a better than 2-to-l ratio of adult to juvenile books. Number of volumes added during a given year provides some indication of the up-to-date quality of a library’s book collection. For the 5,991 systems replying to the question of number of books added, a total of 11,509,000 volumes is listed (table 9, column 10). Of these, a total of 9,016,000 were acquired by purchase and 1,018,000 by gift and other means. In addition, a total of 1,475,000 were reported undistributed as to method of acquisition (columns 11-13). The North Central region added 3,788,000 volumes, the Northeast 3,393,000, the South, 2,290,000 and the West, 2,038,000. Of greater significance is the number of separate titles added each year rather than the total number of volumes. The number of titles exclusive of duplicates gives a better indication of the range of ma¬ terials added and the currency of the collection. The American Library Association suggests that between 4,000 and 5,000 separate titles should be added to a library system annually.27 It is true, of course, that this is a quantitative standard, one which must be evaluated in terms of quality of book selection, the needs of the community, and resultant services. Returns concerning the item on number of titles added were not sufficient to warrant any tabulation of replies. Since this is a more meaningful standard than number of volumes added, it is hoped that such data can be reported fully in the next nationwide study. Table 10 (page 64) is presented as a means of evaluating book collections in terms of adequacy and inadequacy, on a quantitative basis. Current standards state that “at least 100,000 volumes of currently useful printed material” 28 should be available in a single library system. The assumption here is that a public library system “must have resources covering most interests in the several com- 27 American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Public Library Service. Op cit., p. 36. 38 Ibid. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 23 munities it serves, in sufficient duplication to meet most requests when made.” 29 Very few systems meet this current standard of 100,000 volumes. Only 272 systems (table 10, columns 7-12), or 4.4 percent, of the public library systems reporting this item contain 100,000 volumes or more. The largest percentage of systems (46.1 percent) report holdings which fall in the category of 6,000 to 24,999 volumes (column 4). Seventeen public library systems contain collections of over a million volumes each (table 10, column 12). These collections are located in 10 States, with all 4 regions including at least one. In order to present trend data on size of book collections, table V has been prepared, based on categories used in earlier studies. Table V. — Comparative percentage distribution of the number of volumes owned by public library systems: Fiscal 1956 , 1950, and 1945 Year Number of volumes Total Fewer than 6,000 6,000 to 24,999 25,000 to 69,999 70,000 to 149,999 150,000 or more l 2 3 4 5 6 7 1956 . . . . 100.0 33.2 46.1 14.5 3.7 2.5 1950 . . 100.0 38.7 44.7 11.3 3.2 2.1 1945 . . . . . - 100.0 44.0 42.5 9.2 2.5 1.8 Since 1945, there has been a decrease of 10.8 percent in the number of systems with collections under 6,000 volumes, which at one time was declared by library authorities as the minimum for adequate service.30 A gradual improvement can be noted in all other categories, indicating a small change in the total number of volumes available in the public library systems of the United States. Miscellaneous Stock Today’s public library needs more than books to serve the informa¬ tional, educational, and recreational needs of its community. Many nonbook materials such as photographs, pictures, maps, slides, films, and recordings are now an important and intrinsic part of the library collection. Data on miscellaneous stock are found in table 11 (page 66). This is the second time the Office of Education has requested statistical 29 American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards . Public Library Service. Op. cit., p. 35. 80 American Library Association. Committee on Post-War Planning. Post" War Standards for Public Libraries. Chicago: The Association, 1943. p. 71. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 information on these items. A total of 1,651 library systems responded to these questions in 1956 as contrasted with 1,133 in 1950. The category “other” (column 10) refers to a miscellany, including framed works of art, music scores, ceiling book projectors, and rapid-reading kits. These data were not tabulated in 1950. The reporting libraries indicated they owned 6,218,000 uncataloged pamphlets; 13,663,000 photographs, pictures, and prints; 556,000 maps; 283,000 slides and filmstrips; 117,000 microfilm titles; 42,000 film titles; 897,000 sound-recording titles; and 706,000 other items. These data can be compared with the data in the 1950 study, which listed 5,657,000 uncataloged pamphlets; 8,062,000 photographs, pic¬ tures, and prints; 484,000 maps; 202,000 slides and filmstrips; 53,000 microfilm titles; 24,000 film titles; and 321,000 sound recordings. The North Central region owned the largest number of uncataloged pamphlets (2,150,000); maps (277,000) ; slides and filmstrips (191,118); microfilm titles (51,000); and film titles (20,000). The Northeast, however, owned the largest number of photographs, pictures, and prints (7,391,000) and sound recordings (417,000). Services and Use Circulation of Books The extent to which books are borrowed for home reading is one index of library use. In order to evaluate circulation services, at least quantitatively, table 12 (page 65) on the circulation of books by type of agency has been prepared. Gross figures are of some use, particularly when trend data are available to indicate changes in circulation. It is understood, however, that the size, variety, and quality of a public library’s book stock will affect its circulation. In this survey, as in the surveys for 1939, 1945, and 1950, libraries were asked to report circulation in accordance with the following definition as agreed upon by the library profession (page 2, Form 8-071, reproduced on page 100): Count one for each volume, pamphlet, or periodical lent for home use, from central library or any agency, and each renewal. Do not count as circulation, books sent to another library agency within the same system where home circulation is counted. In no case should circulation be esti¬ mated. Count adult periodicals as nonfiction. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 25 A total of 489,519,000 volumes (table 12, column 4) were borrowed for home use through the 6,153 public library systems reporting this item. Of this total, 83.0 percent (or 406,428,000 volumes) of the circulation came from stationary agencies, i.e., the main library, branches, and subbranches, and 11.1 percent (or 54,148,000 volumes) came from bookmobiles. An additional 5.9 percent (or 28,943,000 volumes) was reported as undistributed between stationary agencies and bookmobiles. This can be compared with the following circulation figures reported in 1950 for 5,783 systems: a total of 384,606,000 volumes borrowed for home use, with stationary agencies accounting for 91.0 percent (or 350,080,000 volumes), bookmobiles circulating 7.0 percent (or 26,788,000 volumes), and 2.0 percent (or 7,738,000 volumes) reported as undistributed between stationary agencies and bookmobiles. In 1956, adult books accounted for 43.1 percent (or 210,809,000 volumes) of the grand total of books borrowed from all agencies, and juvenile books for 44.0 percent (or 215,145,000 volumes); 7.1 percent (or 34,623,000 volumes) were undistributed as to juvenile or adult. An additional 5.9 percent circulation (or 28,943,000 volumes) was undistributed either as to stationary agencies or bookmobiles, or as to juvenile or adult. The largest number of volumes circulated, whether by stationary agency or by bookmobile, was reported by the North Central region — 168,607,000. The Northeast followed with 129,489,000 volumes, the South with 97,043,000, and the West 94,381,000. In bookmobile circulation, the South leads with a total of 24,992,000 volumes — almost half of the 54,148,000 circulation reported for all States. Bookmobile circulation for the other regions is as follows: 17,185,000 for the North Central area; 6,916,000 for the West; and 5,056,000 for the Northeast. The three States reporting the largest bookmobile circulation (table 12, column 9) are Ohio with 5,835,000 volumes, followed by Georgia with 5,505,000, and North Carolina with 4,423,000. By ranking States according to total circulation, the following listing of the top ten results : California _ New York _ Ohio _ Illinois _ Massachusetts. 60, 371, 000 54, 169, 000 42, 915, 000 23, 359, 000 23, 152, 000 Michigan _ Indiana _ Pennsylvania. New Jersey _ Wisconsin _ 22, 051, 000 18, 454, 000 18, 354, 000 14, 707, 000 14, 364, 000 Table VI presents a comparative distribution of circulation since 1939: 505823—59- -3 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table VI. — Comparative percentage distribution of circulation according to type of agency: Fiscal 1956 , 1950 , 1945, and 1939 Year Number of library systems reporting Percent of volumes circulated Grand total By stationary agencies By bookmobiles Total Adult Juve¬ nile Undis¬ tributed Total Adult Juve¬ nile Undis¬ tributed l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1956.. . . 6,153 i 94.1 100.0 49.3 43.9 6.8 100.0 19.4 67.8 12.8 1950 _ 5, 783 2 98.0 100.0 52.5 41.2 6.3 100.0 23.5 68.3 8.2 1945-.. . . 0) 100.0 100.0 55.0 40.7 4.3 (1 2 * 4) 1939 . . (s) 100.0 100.0 60.5 33.2 6.3 (*) 1 Excludes 5.9 percent circulation which was undistributed between stationary agencies and bookmobiles. 2 Excludes 2.0 percent circulation which was undistributed between stationary agencies and bookmobiles. 3 Separate data on bookmobile circulation not available. 4 Separate data on number of public library systems reporting not available. This table shows a marked decrease over the years in adult circulation (column 5) and a corresponding percentage increase in juvenile circu¬ lation (column 6). It also shows a percentage decrease in adult circulation on the bookmobiles between 1950 and 1956, the only 2 years for which separate bookmobile circulation figures were requested. Even more surprising is the ratio of adult bookmobile circulation (19.4 percent) to that of juvenile (67.8 percent). This may be accounted for by the many school stops made by bookmobiles and the practice in some areas of scheduling whole classrooms for a visit to the mobile library. Although community adult stops are also scheduled, the use is likely to be on an individual rather than a group basis. In table VII below, the undistributed circulation has been distrib¬ uted on the assumption that the same ratio of adult to juvenile circu¬ lation might possibly hold true for the figures listed in columns 8 and 12 of table 12 (page 68). Table VII. — Percentage of volumes circulated , adjusted for undistributed adult and juvenile totals, by type of agency: Fiscal 1956, 1950 , 1945, and 1939 Year Number of library systems reporting Percent of volumes circulated Grand total By stationary agencies By bookmobiles Total Adult Juvenile Total Adult Juvenile l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1956.... _ _ 1950 _ _ 1945 _ 6, 153 5, 783 (3) (?) 194.1 2 98.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 52.9 56.1 57.4 64.6 47.1 43.9 42.6 35.4 100.0 100.0 <4) 0) 22.2 25.6 77.8 74.4 1939 _ 1 Excludes 5.9 percent circulation which was undistributed between stationary agencies and bookmobiles. 2 Excludes 2.0 percent circulation which was undistributed between stationary agencies and bookmobiles. * Separate data on bookmobile circulation not available. ♦Separate data on number of public library systems reporting not available. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 27 On this adjusted basis, the percentage ratio of adult to juvenile circu¬ lation by stationary agencies now reads 52.9 percent (column 5) to 47.1 percent (column 6) as contrasted with 49.3 percent and 43.9 percent listed in table VI. Whichever table is used, however, the general trend remains the same — an increasing proportion of public library home reading is being done by children. On the basis of population served (117,324,000) by libraries re¬ porting circulation, a per-capita circulation of 4.2 books can be re¬ ported. This can be compared with 3.4 reported for 1950. The 1950 census data have been used in both calculations. Through adjusting the population served (by the 10.5 percent estimated increase in population between 1950 and 1955-56), 31 the 1956 per capita circula¬ tion figure would then be corrected to read 4.1 books. In other words, the American public borrowed more books per capita in 1956 than in 1950. This is especially interesting in view of the many gloomy pre¬ dictions that increased use of television would result in a nation which no longer read books. Circulation of Miscellaneous Stock Another aspect of library use is reflected in the circulation of mis¬ cellaneous stock items, such as slides, films, and recordings. Although a relatively small number of public library systems reported this type of circulation, the data are presented in tabular form (table 13, page 70). Largest circulation comes from the use of sound recordings, with a total of 3,452,000 titles borrowed from the 1,844 public library systems reporting circulation of miscellaneous stock. These recordings are both musical and nonmusical and their increased use can be seen by comparison with the approximate total of 1,967,000 reported for 1950. During the fiscal year 1955-56, a total of 3,412,000 photographs, pictures, and prints were borrowed (table 13, column 4). According to Dr. Leigh, the organization and maintenance of files of such ma¬ terials provide the public library with one of its most unobtrusive and economical additional services.32 Next largest miscellaneous stock circulation comes from uncata¬ loged pamphlets, with a total of 1,160,000 such items circulated. 31 U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Population Estimates. Op. cit. 33 Leigh. Op. cit., p. 84. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Other categories include the circulation of 49,000 maps, 473,000 slides and filmstrips, 5,580 microfilms, and 633,000 films. The total figure represented in table 13, column 10, for the category “other,” includes a potpourri circulation of such items as ceiling book projectors, audiovisual equipment, rapid-reading kits, music scores, and musical instruments. Reference Services Traditionally, circulation of library materials has been presented as the index to public library use. To this measurement, the Office of Education has attempted to add nationwide data on information and reference services, a significant and time-consuming function of libraries. However, as in 1950, replies to the item “Number of reference and reading aid transactions,” were very few. This item was requested in order to measure, at least quantitatively, the number of reference questions answered by the staff of public libraries. For purposes of this study, the form requested librarians to “include all transactions in which library resources for reference, research, and advisory service have been made available through direct assistance of a staff member.” And they were further requested to “exclude questions involving only direction of readers to shelves” (page 2 Form 8-071, reproduced on page 100). Although replies to this item were received from only 1,461 library systems (or 23.4 percent of the 6,249 reporting), it was decided to present the data in this study (table 14, page 72). It is hoped that it will be possible in the future to show more complete returns for this important aspect of public library service. The fact that ref¬ erence is considered an important and integral part of public library service can be noted from the following statement in the American Library Association standards: “Each library system should provide service to meet the frequent informational and research needs of its community.” 33 In the 1,461 systems reporting, a total of 19,355,000 reference questions were answered (table 14, column 2). The largest number was reported for public library systems serving populations of 100,000 and over — 14,089,000, or 72.8 percent of the total. Three States reported at least 2 million questions answered: New York — 2,695,000; Illinois — 2,521,000; and California — 2,257,000. « American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Public Library Service. Op. cit., p. 27. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 29 Bookmobiles The bookmobile is becoming an increasingly important public library service outlet. Its earliest beginnings go back to the turn of the 20th century when Washington County Library (Maryland) began a horse-drawn mobile service. Today, including the 39 units directly operated by State library agencies, a total of 913 bookmobiles are reported (table 15, page 76). This is an increase of 310 units over those reported in 1950 for continental United States. Under¬ standably, more bookmobiles are found in counties, regions, and other larger units of service, but urban and suburban library authori¬ ties have also found the bookmobile an effective means of quickly extending service to rapidly growing areas. In addition, bookmobiles can provide public library service in areas where population density may not warrant full-time branch service. Better use of a limited book stock and of professional library staff are cited as the two chief advantages of mobile library service.34 These advantages, plus the adaptability and accessibility of bookmobile service, account for the growing popularity of mobile libraries. This study counted as a bookmobile any mobile unit regularly operated for direct circulation purposes. It included the regular bookmobile as well as book trailers, converted buses, or trucks. It excluded, however, delivery trucks which take and collect shipments of books to and from agencies of a public library system and State library agency bookmobiles used solely for exhibition or publicity purposes. Of the 913 bookmobiles listed (table 15, column 2), approximately half (455) are operating in the South. The North Central region has 254 and the West 101. North Carolina has the largest number of mobile units, a total of 99. Missouri follows with 64, and Ohio with 63. This is the same order as appeared in 1950 when North Carolina had 87, Missouri 48, and Ohio 47. Only four States (Idaho, Nevada, Rhode Island, and Wyoming) reported no bookmobiles. In table 15, a distribution of the number of bookmobiles is pre¬ sented showing the source of major financial support for the public library systems of which the bookmobiles are a part. The largest number (367) appears under the heading of county, with the next largest number (169) under the city-county breakdown. The smallest number, only two bookmobiles, appears under the category of town- and-school district. *4 Schenk, Gretchen K. County and Regional Library Development. Chicago: American Library As¬ sociation, 1954. p. 137. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Data on distribution by number of scheduled bookmobile stops and by average number of days between visits are presented in table 16 (page 78). For the 648 public library systems, reporting stops for 828 bookmobiles, the following distribution was tabulated: 330 with fewer than 50 separate stops, 179 with between 50-99, 79 with between 100-149, and 60 with over 150 (columns 2-6). Since frequency of service is important, information was requested on the average number of days before returning to the same service point (table 16, columns 7-12). The most frequent interval between visits is given as 14-21 days for the 656 library systems reporting data on 832 mobile libraries. The next most frequent interval is the category of 29 days and over, for which 162 bookmobiles are listed. The category least common is the interval of fewer than 7 days, with only 15 bookmobiles reported. Discussed previously in this study (subsection “Circulation of Books”, pages 25-27) is information on the number of volumes bor¬ rowed from mobile units. Testifying to the growing popularity and use of bookmobiles is the fact that their percentage of total public library book circulation has increased from 7.0 percent in 1950 to 11.1 percent in 1956. Children make the greatest use of bookmobiles. Juvenile circula¬ tion from mobile units in 1956 far exceeds adult, with over three times as many children’s books borrowed (36,707,000) as adult (10,493,000) (table 12, column 11). Hours of Service The usefulness of libraries is partially determined by the number of hours they are open to the public, provided the hours and days of being open are selected to insure maximum potential use. As in previous public library statistical studies, a tabulation has been pre¬ pared giving the distribution of public library systems by the number of hours that central libraries are open for circulation (table 17, page 80). Of the 6,212 systems reporting this item, 626 (10.1 percent) are open fewer than 6 hours per week; 1,286 (20.7 percent) are open from 6 to 12 hours; 1,123 (18.1 percent) from 13 to 24 hours; 1,511 (24.3 percent) from 25 to 42 hours; 907 (14.6 percent) from 43 to 60 hours; 714 (11.5 percent) from 61 to 72 hours; and 45 (0.7 percent) for more than 72 hours (columns 2-9). The greatest change since 1950 is reflected in the last category of hours of service — over 72 (table 17, column 9). With 6,028 systems replying in 1950, 199 indicated they were open for circulation over STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 31 72 hours. In 1956, only 45 public library systems were in that same category. This is probably due to many factors — nationwide shortage of librarians, budget limitations for salaries, and changing patterns in use of leisure time. If current standards are to be met, a much larger number of public library systems should be eligible for inclusion in the categories over 43 hours (columns 7-9). In 1956, only 1,666 (or 26.8 percent) systems indicated they were open to the public for 43 or more hours per week and fewer still, only 759, were open 61 hours or more. According to the recommendations of Public Library Service: “The central or headquarters library should normally be open daily for the full range of services during morning, afternoon, and evening hours, with Sunday services adjusted to local needs and conditions.” 35 Registration Registered Borrowers Data on number of registered borrowers are available from 5,477 (or 87.7 percent) of the 6,249 public library systems included in this study (table 18, page 81). Although current professional thinking suggests less stress on the maintenance of formal registration files, apparently a large percentage of public library systems continue to request that an application be made for the privilege of borrowing books for home use. Of the 30,440,000 registered borrowers in continental United States, a total of 14,027,000 (46.1 percent) are designated as adult registrants and 9,010,000 (29.6 percent) as juvenile. An additional number — 7,403,000 (24.3 percent) — was not broken down into the categories of adult or juvenile. This contrasts with the data in 1950, when 50.6 percent of the total registration was adult, 26.6 percent juvenile, and 22.8 percent undistributed. If the same ratio of adult to juvenile in the case of distributed returns holds for the undistributed, then the total registration for 1956 would be approximately 18,535,000 adults and 11,905,000 juveniles. This would alter the 1956 percentage distribution of registration to 60.9 percent adult and 39.1 percent juvenile. When comparing 1950 adult registration data with that for 1956, a decrease from 50.6 to 46.1 percent can be noted in table VIII, column 4 : 35 American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Public Library Service. Op. cit., p. 26. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table VIII. — Comparative percentage distribution of registered borrowers in public library systems: Fiscal 1956 and 1950 Year Number of library systems reporting Percent of registered borrowers Total Adult Juvenile Undistributed l 2 3 4 5 6 1956 . . . . . 5, 477 100.0 46.1 29.6 24.3 1950 _ _ _ _ _ _ 5, 162 100.0 50.6 26.6 22.8 A further observation might be made relating to the percentage of population in continental United States under 14 years of age as contrasted with that 14 years and over. For 1950, 36 there were approx¬ imately 40,483,000 persons under age 14, and 110,215,000 over 14 years of age, a ratio of almost 1 to 3. On the other hand, registration data from those library systems reporting indicates a ratio of approx¬ imately 2 to 3. This bears out general observations that the regis¬ tration of children in public libraries is usually higher than their proportion of the total population. Although total registration has increased from 25,361,000 in 1950 to 30,440,000 in 1956, the increase does not reflect completely the current picture of library membership, and for two major reasons. First, formal registration is rarely required for the use of reference books and other materials within the library building, or for attend¬ ance at lecture, discussion, film, and other library adult education programs. Second, there is increasing acceptance of newer mechanical methods for checking out library books, many of which do not require the use of the traditional borrower’s card. Other forms of identifica¬ tion may be acceptable or, in instances where photographic charging is used, the borrower writes his name and address for each charge and this is recorded photographically. Frequency of re-registration may also be a factor affecting the validity of a gross registration figure. A library with a 2- or 3-year registration period may have fewer registered borrowers than one using a 5-year period. In this latter case, library records may include a higher proportion of names of people who have moved out of the community or are deceased. There are examples of communities with permanent library registration, although these are certainly the exception. The short registration period does not necessarily insure an accurate count. Registration merely signifies intent to borrow. From library registration data, it is not possible to provide an accurate measure either of frequency or extent of library use. It is generally assumed that the proportion of registered borrowers 38 U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. Censut of Population: 1950, vol. II, pt. I. Washington: U.S. Govern¬ ment Printing Office, 1953. p. 1-90 (table 38). STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 33 in public library systems will vary inversely with the population of the area served. Registration is usually proportionately higher in small communities and is expected to be proportionately lower in very large cities.37 Nonresident Borrowers Since public libraries are usually tax-supported institutions, their services and resources are generally available to those who live or pay taxes in the library’s service area. In some instances, they are also extended to those who work or attend school in the area. Others who reside outside the library’s service boundary may use the facili¬ ties, but only on payment of a nonresident borrower’s fee. In order to discover the extent and nature of such fees, a tabulation was prepared to provide an answer to the item: “What annual fee is charged to nonresident borrowers?” (page 2, Form 8-071, reproduced on page 100) and presented as table 19 (page 82). The range most frequently checked by the 2,683 public library systems reporting this item was $1.00-$2.99, with 1,831 systems indicating a charge for adults and 1,635 a charge for children (table 19, columns 5-6). Only 61 systems charged adults a fee of $5 and over, and 43 made this same charge for children (columns 9-10). Variations included in the category “other” (table 19, columns 11-12) include a per-family nonresident borrower’s fee, a charge per book borrowed, or a deposit fee charged which is returned (in whole or part) once the borrower indicates he no longer wishes to use the service. Behind the charge for nonresidents is the theory that community services, i.e., library, police and fire protection, sewage disposal, etc., should not be rendered free to outsiders when resident tax assessment is the major source of financing these services. Staff Personnel “Books alone do not make a library.” 38 An adequate and com¬ petent staff is needed to select, organize, and interpret the many 37 American Library Association. Committee on Post-War Planning. Post-War Standards for Public Libraries. Op. cit., p. 29. 3* American Library Association. Committee on Post-War Planning. A National Plan for Public Library Service. Op. cit., p. 113. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 and varied resources of a public library. Table 20 (page 84) presents personnel data for public library systems as of fiscal 1956. For the 6,249 systems represented in this study, a total of 51,631 employees was reported. Of these, 29,974 were full-time and 21,657 part-time personnel. Of the total personnel (column 3), 17,344 (or 33.6 percent) were classified as professional, 8,488 (or 16.4 percent) as subpro¬ fessional, 19,778 (or 38.3 percent) as clerical and other, and 6,021 (or 11.7 percent) as building staff. Table IX presents comparative personnel data for the current, as well as for the three previous, nationwide public library studies. Table IX. — Comparative percentage distribution of public Library personnel by classification of position: Fiscal 1956 , 1950 , 1945, and 1939 Classification of personnel Year Total Professional Subprofes¬ sional Clerical and other Building staff l 2 3 4 5 6 1956 _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 33.6 16.4 38.3 11.7 1950 . . . . . 100.0 33.4 18.8 34.8 13.0 1945 . . . 100.0 37.0 17.3 31.4 14.3 1939 . . . . 100.0 *59.8 24.4 15.8 * Includes subprofessional employees; separate data not available. The greatest increase is in the clerical classification, which has risen from 24.4 percent in 1939 to 38.3 percent in 1956 (column 5). The decrease in building personnel, from 15.8 percent in 1939 to 11.7 percent in 1956 (column 6), is partly due to their inclusion in budgets for community services other than the library, rather than to any overall decrease in the total number of library personnel in this category. A rule-of-thumb staff ratio of one-third professional to two-thirds nonprofessional personnel (exclusive of maintenance staff) is generally accepted for public library systems.39 Using this basis for a per¬ centage distribution, the 1956 personnel data come reasonably close to meeting this ratio. Of the total 45,610 personnel (exclusive of maintenance), 38.0 percent (or 17,344) are professional and 62.0 percent (or 28,266) nonprofessional (table 20). Although personnel categories were carefully defined (page 3, Form 8-071, reproduced on page 101), certain variations in response were noted. Some of these stem from differences in local civil service classification schedules. Others arise from differences in libraries’ interpretation of the various personnel categories, due to State and local certification and other regulations. 3® American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Public Libaray Service. Op. cit., p. 39. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 35 For the first time, a breakdown was requested of professional em¬ ployees by sex. A total of 17,147 professionals (both full- and part- time) were employed by the 3,787 systems in continental United States which reported this item. Of this total, 1,527 (or 8.9 percent) were men and 15,620 (or 91.1 percent) were women (table 20, columns 8-9). In general, the findings in this study bear out Dr. Leigh’s 1950 report that men comprise only around one-tenth of the professional personnel in public libraries.40 In answer to requests for data on public library personnel, by size of population served, a special distribution table was prepared (table 21, page 86) giving breakdown of various personnel categories by population groups. Of the total 51,631 full- and part-time personnel reported for the 6,249 public library systems included in this study, a total of 24,355 (or 47.2 percent) were employed by systems serving populations of 100,000 and over (table 21, column 3). More than half (7,224) of the 13,822 full-time professional librarians were located in this same large population group (column 6). Here, too, is found a majority (1,097) of the 1,527 men employed in the reporting libraries. This is not surprising in view of the generally more attractive salary schedules and greater advancement opportunities in large cities, and, as Dr. Leigh points out, “for socio-cultural or other reasons men are pre¬ ferred for the top administrative posts in public libraries.” 41 As the size of the population group served increases, the proportion of clerical personnel also increases. It is lowest (11.8 percent) for the under-1,000 population group, and highest (46.5 percent) for the population group of 100,000 and over (table X, column 5). Table X. — Percentage distribution of personnel of public library systems by classification and population group: Fiscal 1956 Population served Total Professional Subpro¬ fessional Clerical and other Building staff l 2 3 4 5 6 Continental U.S _ _ 100.0 33.6 16.4 38.3 11.7 Under 1,000 _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 32.7 50.2 11.8 5.3 1,000-2,499 _ _ _ 100.0 40.4 31.6 15.4 12.6 2,500-4,999 _ _ _ _ 100.0 38.6 22. 1 20.7 18.6 5,000-9,999 _ 100.0 38.1 17. 1 29.3 15 5 10,000-24,999 _ _ _ 100.0 36.0 18.1 34. 1 11.8 25,000-49,999 _ _ _ _ 100.0 33.9 19.2 37.6 9.3 50,000-99,999 _ _ _ _ 100.0 32. 1 19.3 39.7 8.9 100,000 and over 100.0 31.4 10.4 46.5 11.7 Outlying parts of the U.S,1 _ _ _ 100.0 26.9 12.5 50.7 9.9 Under 1,000.. _ _ ... .. .. 100.0 100.0 1,000-2,499 _ 100.0 25.0 50.0 25.0 10,000-24,999 100.0 28.6 50.0 21.4 25,000-49,999 100.0 22.8 64.9 12 3 50,000-99,999 _ _ 100.0 25.3 16.9 49.3 8.5 100,000 and over . . . . .. . 100.0 31.6 3.4 53.9 11.1 1 Includes data for Alaska, Canal Zone, and Hawaii. 40 Leigh. Op. cit., p. 196. 44 Ibid. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Although, as seen in table X, column 3, the percentage of pro¬ fessional personnel is lowest in library systems serving the population group of 100,000 and over (31.4 percent), in actual numbers most of the 7,638 professional librarians are employed by these systems (table 21, columns 6-7). Working Conditions An attempt has been made to tabulate the number of working hours per week for full-time staff members. The data are presented in table 22 (page 87). The large number of systems in the workweek category of fewer than 32 hours (2,532 out of 5,075 reporting) should not be interpreted to mean that these systems have unusually short workweeks. Rather, from a sample study of individual forms in three States, it can be shown that their workweek, as reported, cor¬ responds with the number of hours the library is open to the public. Hence, by one interpretation, a position may be considered full-time when the library is open 20 hours a week and the staff is scheduled to work 20 hours. Plans are under way for further refinement of this item so that a more nearly accurate picture of the workweek of public library personnel may be presented. In order to answer questions on the number of libraries operating under a civil service system, an item requesting these data was added to the 1956 questionnaire (item 55, page 3, Form 8-071, reproduced on page 101). Libraries were asked to check whether all, some, or none of their employees were under a civil service system. Of the 4,078 public library systems reporting this item (table 23, page 88), 5.1 percent (206) specified complete coverage; 4.4 percent (181) indi¬ cated some coverage; while the majority, 90.5 percent (3,691) indi¬ cated no civil service coverage whatsoever. The “some” category provides for such applications as all full-time employees only, main¬ tenance and/or clerical personnel only, or professional staff only. If the 4,078 systems replying serve as a valid sample, then it can be said that civil service coverage for public libraries is negligible. State Library Agencies Since State libraries and library commissions provide free service of a general nature to the local communities of their States, selected statistics on these agencies have been compiled (tables 24 and 25, STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 37 pages 90-93) as an adjunct to the public library data presented in this publication. Because of the multiple-function role of some State library agencies, tbeir varying organizational patterns, and the diffi¬ culty of statistically isolating general public library service from the special archival, legislative reference, and law bbrary service given by some States, the data in table 24 should be broadly interpreted. The pubhc-service aspect of the State library agency is usually one of its several functions. The first of these might be considered a leadership- ship function. Another function is a regulatory one, relating to State and local constitutional or statutory provisions. A third aspect is an operational one, through which books, films, and other library materials are provided, either directly (particularly in rural and sparsely settled areas of the State without local libraries) or in¬ directly through local public libraries.42 State bbrary agency data for fiscal 1956 are similar to those pre¬ sented for the first time in 1950, with two exceptions. The first pertains to expenditures for extension service for which no separate data are given in this publication. They are, however, included in table 25, column 2, “total operating expenditures.” A separate study detailing State library extension services is now being completed in the Library Services Branch of the Office of Education.43 The second change pertains to the addition of data on amounts of State grants-in-aid (table 25, column 10). For purposes of this study, these grants-in-aid are assumed to be cash grants unless otherwise specified. Where nonfiscal grants are distributed (in the form of books and audiovisual materials or payment of salaries), these have been footnoted on table 25. The interpretation used herein follows the practice outlined by the Council of State Governments.44 With only two States not represented, a total of 13,681,000 volumes have been reported by State library agencies (table 24, column 2). These volumes might then be added to the total public library book stock of 173,156,000 reported by the 6,249 systems in continental United States included in this study (table 9, page 62). With 7 agencies not reporting, a total State library agency circulation of 6,057,000 (table 24, column 3) might be added to the 489,519,000 volume circulation reported by 6,153 public library systems (table 12, page 68). All but 2 States reported on personnel. Of the 1,465 full- and part- time personnel, 588 were professional, 33 subprofessional, 808 clerical, 43 U.S. Office of Education. The State and Publicly Supported Libraries: Structure and Control at the State Level. Prepared by Fred F. Beach, Ralph M. Dunbar, and Robert F. Will. Washington: U.S. Govern¬ ment Printing Office, 1956. p. 15-17. 43 U.S. Office of Education. Survey of Extension Activities of State Library Administrative Agencies: A Study of Their Resources and Services. Op. cit. 44 The Council of State Governments. The Book of the States, 1958-69. Op. cit., p. 244. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 and 36 building staff. The small number of maintenance employees may be due to their classification as State building and grounds personnel. Of the 471 full- and part-time professional librarians for whom information is available, 89 (or 18.9 percent) are men and 382 (or 81.1 percent) are women. This is a somewhat different ratio from that found in public libraries at the local level, where 8.9 percent of the staff were men and 91.1 percent were women (table 20, page 84). Total operating expenditures are listed at $7,252,000 (table 25, column 2), with no data for one State and only income rather than expenditure for another. Of this total, 66.6 percent was spent for salaries (columns 3-4), 16.4 percent for books, periodicals, and audio¬ visual materials (columns 5 and 7), and 2.4 percent for binding and mending (column 6). A total of $4,365,000 in library grants-in-aid was distributed for the 20 States reporting these data. Not included in this figure, how¬ ever, is $1,093,000 reported by 3 States for nonfiscal grants. Apparently, there is also a difference in the practice of reporting State aid as income at the local level. The total as reported from this source in table 5 (page 50) is $4,976,000. This is higher than the cash grants reported in table 25, column 10 ($4,365,000), but lower than the combined figures of cash grants plus nonfiscal grants ($5,458,000). In some instances, it appears that local libraries report a “value received” figure for nonfiscal grants of books, equipment, or salaries; whereas, in other instances, State aid was not reported, since no cash was involved. The subject of State aid is sufficiently complex as well as significant to be the subject of an entirely separate study. Outlying Parts For this 1955-56 public library study, 14 returns were received from systems in the outlying parts of the United States: 9 from Alaska, 1 from the Canal Zone, and 4 from the Territory of Hawaii. In 1950, 3 were received from Alaska, 4 from Hawaii, and 1 from Puerto Rico. The systems reporting served a combined population of 586,000, owned 645,000 books, added 52,000 volumes during the year, and employed a total staff of 185 full-time and 87 part-time personnel. Thirteen of the systems reported circulation data, giving a total of 2,867,000 books borrowed. Of these, the largest number (1,428,000) were circulated by a single system, the Library of Hawaii, in Honolulu. Of the 12 systems reporting finance, a total operating expenditure of $778,000 is given. Of this, $98,000 (or 12.6 percent) was spent for STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 39 books and periodicals, and $520,000 (or 66.8 percent) was spent for library staff salaries (tables 26 and 27, pages 94-95). Only one public library system in the outlying parts had an operat¬ ing budget of over $100,000 (table 7, page 54), the amount suggested in 1950 as the dividing line between adequacy and inadequacy.45 The outlying parts, as represented by the 14 systems reporting, were served by 54 stationary agencies of which 14 were central libraries, 15 branches, 18 subbranches, and 7 stations (table 2, column 3, page 47). In addition, 6 bookmobiles were reported for these 14 systems. Eleven systems reported the following distribution for geographic area served: 3 served areas of less than 5 square miles, 1 served an area of 5 to 10 square miles, 2 served areas of 25.1 to 50 square miles, 3 served areas of 500.1 to 1,000 square miles, and 2 (both of these in the Territory of Hawaii) served areas of over 1,000 square miles (table 4, page 49). Major Data For this 1956 study, four tables of major data have been prepared — two presenting data grouped by source of major financial support (tables 26 and 27, pages 94-95) and two presenting data grouped by aize of population served (tables 28 and 29, pages 96-99). Libraries coming under the financial support category of “city, town or village” represent 2,826 systems giving service to a popula¬ tion of 56,885,577, or 48.4 percent of the total population served by the 6,249 library systems represented in this current survey (table 26). As a group, these systems own the largest number of books (89,063,000 out of a total of 173,156,000 volumes), added the largest number of books during 1955-56 (5,859,000 out of a total of 11,509,000), and have the largest number of full-time staff (17,719 out of 29,974). The same kind of gross figure comparison holds true for almost all other aspects of public library service. Of the 6,153 systems reporting circulation, the category “city, town or village” represents 2,783 systems (serving a population of 56,723,490) and accounts for a circulation of 242,999,000 out of the total 489,519,000 volumes circulated (table 27, column 4). Inper-capita circulation, the categories rank as follows (column 5) : 5.9 volumes for “school or county district,” 5.6 volumes for “townships and New 45 Leigh. Op. cit., p. 155. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 England towns,” 5.3 for “city and township,” and 4.3 for “city, town or village.” In public library expenditures (table 27, columns 10-11) the “city, town or village” category expends the largest amount, $96,264,000, or 56.6 percent of the $170,223,000 spent by the 6,190 systems report¬ ing finance. On a per-capita expenditure basis, they rank third with $1.69 as against $1.84 spent by “school or county districts” and $1.76 spent by “town and school districts.” On expenditure for books and periodicals (table 27, columns 12 and 13), regional systems spend the highest percentage of their total operating costs for this item — 25.5 percent. The “city and town¬ ship” category is next with 19.7 percent, followed by the “township and New England towns” category with 19.0 percent, and 18.6 per¬ cent by the “city and county” category. On percentage expenditure for library staff salaries, the highest percentage, 64.4 percent, is recorded for the “county” category, fol¬ lowed by “city, town or village” with 61.5 percent, and 59.7 percent for “town and school district.” Of the several larger units of library service, regional systems appear almost consistently to be lowest in unit comparisons, as, for example, per-capita expenditures (table 27, column 11). As a type of library, organizationally and financially speaking, the regionals are quite new. Their population base is usually a broad one. The 83 regional library systems reported in table 27 serve a combined population of 5,572,877, whereas the 1,050 “township and New England town” library systems serve only 4,195,348 people, and the 378 “school or county district” systems serve a population of 6,001,964. With their large areas of service (frequently on a multicounty basis) and large number of persons widely dispersed, regional library systems have challenging service problems not faced by older established library systems with their more compact areas of service. However, many of these systems are bringing new and improved service to areas previously without libraries or with limited service and resources. For the first time, major data tables have been prepared (tables 28 and 29, pages 96-97) relating to public library finance, resources, and service, and arranged by size of population served. Although the population group of 100,000 and over includes the smallest number of systems (184 out of the 6,249 reporting), this group serves the largest percentage of population (50.5 percent) of the 8 categories fisted in table 28, column 1. This same population group reported 72,228,000 (41.7 percent) of the 173,156,000 volumes (column 4) for continental United States and almost half of the total number of books added during the year (5,337,000 out of the 11,509,000 volumes reported in column 6). It is not surprising to learn, there- STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 41 fore, that the systems serving the population group of 100,000 and over circulate almost half of the books circulated by all the systems reporting this item — 220,787,000 out of 489,519,000 volumes (table 29, column 4). On a per-capita basis, however, the data reported for the various population groups follow the pattern mentioned earlier; i.e., per- capita circulation tends to rise as the population of the system served decreases. Highest per capita circulation is reported by the systems serving the under-1,000 population groups — 6.5 volumes. The lowest per-capita circulation — 3.7 — is reported by the systems serv¬ ing populations of 100,000 and over (table 29, column 5). Circulation is only one aspect of modern public library service and reflects one type of use. The limited data available on reference service (table 14, page 72), show that the bulk of this important service is provided by the larger systems with their more extensive staffs, book stock, and other resources. Financial data, when arranged by population groups served, reveal that over half of the money spent for public library system operating expenditures comes from those systems which serve the group of 100,000 and over. This group spent $99,862,000 (or 58.7 percent) of the $170,223,000 expended by the 6,190 systems reporting finance (table 29, column 10). Their expenditure is $1.68 per capita as com¬ pared with the $1.45 average for continental United States. Both per capitas are calculated for population served and not for the total population of the United States. The larger the population group, the lower the percentage of funds spent for books and other materials (table 29, column 14). Systems serving populations of 100,000 and over spend 12.9 percent of their operating budget for books and periodicals, whereas systems serving populations of under 1,000 spend 30.4 for this same item. Along with these percentages, other data should be taken into consideration. The 30.4 percent spent for books and periodicals by the smallest population group represents a total outlay of only $256,000 for the 1,117 systems, an average of $230, or approximately 90 books, per system, per year. On the other hand, the 12.9 percent spent for this item by the population group of 100,000 and over represents an outlay of $12,838,000 for 184 systems, averaging $69,775 per system, or almost 28,000 volumes per year. A total of $103,795,000 was spent for library staff salaries by the 6,190 systems reporting finance (table 29, column 15). The 184 public library systems serving populations of 100,000 and over spent $63,721,000, or 61.4 percent of this total amount. Salaries accounted for 63.8 percent of the operating budget of these 184 systems (column 16), whereas they accounted for only 39.8 percent of the budget of 505823—59 - 1 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 systems serving populations under 1,000. These percentage data should be related with the information presented in table 21 (page 86) on personnel grouped by size of population served. Only 24 full¬ time and 459 part-time professional personnel are reported for the 1,134 separate systems serving populations of under 1,000. On the other hand, the 184 systems serving population groups of 100,000 and over report a total of 7,224 full-time and 414 part-time professional librarians. Not reflected in any of the quantitative figures presented in these major data tables are the extent of public library resources, the quality of service, and the accessibility of facilities — to name only three factors which help measure the quality of public library service. Unpublished Data All replies to the 1955-56 public library statistical study are on file in the Office of Education and may be consulted by persons interested in special aspects of public library service. Budgetary limitations and incomplete responses to certain items prevented the publication of all the data on the report form. Available, on request, to librarians, research students, Government officials, and others (but not in tabular form) are facts reported by individual library systems on items such as: date of founding, number of interlibrary loans, number of newspapers and periodicals currently received (exclusive of duplicates), length of registration period, personnel classified by type of position, and more complete breakdown of receipts and expenditures. Address inquiries regarding consultation of unpublished 1955-56 data to the Library Services Branch, Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington 25, D.C. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 43 Statistical Summary The following summary data are presented to highlight facts on public library systems in continental United States for 1956 as com¬ pared with those for 1950: Item Total number of libraries reporting _ Total population served by reporting libraries Number of volumes added during year. Number of volumes per capita for population served _ Circulation per this item _ capita for libraries reporting 1950 1956 6, 028 6, 249 114, 965, 730 117, 607, 364 9, 326, 768 11, 508, 551 142, 931, 016 173, 155, 537 1. 2 1. 5 384, 605, 645 489, 519, 495 3. 4 4. 2 Percent 1950 1956 87. 4 87. 3 Source of income Local public funds _ 87. State funds _ 1. 7 Endowments and investment funds _ 4. 8 Other sources _ 6. 0 Undistributed _ Item Total annual operating expenditure _ Library staff salaries. Building staff salaries and wages _ Books and periodicals. Audiovisual materials. Binding and rebind¬ ing — All other operating expenditures _ Expenditure per capita for libraries reporting this item _ Capital outlay (not in¬ cluded in above) _ Total endowments _ 2. 7 4. 3 5. 7 0. 0 1950 1956 $109, 776, 824 (100.0%) $170, 222, 649 (100.0%) 65, 422, 291 (59. 6%) 103, 795, 253 (61.0%) 7, 614, 124 (6.9%) 11, 487, 002 (6. 7%) 17, 146, 859 (15. 6%) 26, 124, 671 (15.3%) 313, 264 (0. 3%) 693, 047 (0. 4%) 2, 796, 598 (2. 6%) 3, 515, 412 (2. 1%) 16, 483, 688 (15. 0%) 24, 607, 264 (14.5%) 0. 96 1. 45 4, 392, 630 12, 263, 241 87, 970, 873 108, 752, 436 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Item 1950 1956 Number of library employees (all): Full-time _ 26, 457 29, 974 Part-time _ 17, 958 21, 657 Total _ 44, 415 51, 631 Number of professional librarians (included in above): Full-time _ 13, 174 13, 822 Part-time _ 1, 643 3, 522 Total _ 14, 817 17, 344 Percent Libraries 1950 1956 Serving population groups of less than 5,000 - 57. 6 58. 4 With annual expenditures of less than $1,000 _ 29. 3 23. 0 With annual expenditures of more than $100,000 _ 2. 6 3. 9 Number Item 1950 1956 Central libraries, branches, and subbranches 46 _ 11, 135 11, 501 Bookmobiles operated by local public libraries 47 _ 603 874 There has been no dramatic change in the American public library scene from 1950 to 1956. Some progress can be noted in these items from the statistical summary : The percentage of libraries with annual expenditures of less than $1,000 has decreased from 29.3 percent in 1950 to 23.0 percent in 1956; the percentage of libraries with annual expenditures of more than $100,000 has risen from 2.6 percent in 1950 to 3.9 percent in 1956; and book circulation has risen from 384,605,645 volumes in 1950 to 489,519,495 in 1956. The latter may be considered a significant achievement, in view of the competing leisure time opportunities which our civilization offers. Although many purposes and functions are attributed to the public libraries of the Nation, two remain primary — the promotion of en¬ lightened citizenship and the enrichment of personal life. Full com¬ munity support for public library service is essential for the achieve¬ ment of these objectives. For a steady process of intellectual growth is absolutely essential to suc¬ cessful leadership in a man or in a nation. If the United States is to con¬ tinue to lead the world, the people of the United States must continue to expand their mental horizon; and their best means of doing so is by constant, intelligent use of the public library.48 46 Excludes number of stations. 47 Excludes State library agency bookmobiles. 48 American Library Association. Co-ordinating Committee on Revision of Public Library Standards. Public Library Service. Op. cit.t p. xii. Table 1. — Number of public library systems by major source of financial support, by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 45 Number, by major source of financial support Other i 3 33 a 44 7 29 6 9 50 57 8 33 S CO CO CM CM *9* 1 1 i ■O » *9- — « i j a 3 2 8 21 2 14 Inde¬ pendent branch of county library a ! N j j i | i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i j j j j ill! a i | i Town and scnooi district a as? 3 ; i i 1 1 S j j j S i i i i ir> i i < 1- ! 1 i i : i i r> » ' csj : : || CM j | sar county s 32 CM i j § 20 2 6 5 14 8 2 1 10 3 19 a r^cs ! i°°S£r SSf township 9) as § j- a 2 153 18 4 41 3 6 i i h • Regional 00 S3 S3 1 1 1 1 1 00 3 ^roc i i 1 i i i i S j j County 3S a j i DO ^3" 00 i 3 1 4 3 6 16 9 24 3 2 29 7 6 s li 19 1 8 22 11 37 School or county district CO 55 2 1 120 23 2 a CSJ i is h r 1 1 3 1 OO 1 Township and New England town IS) 21 r-fri s 133 110 253 151 32 52 10 29 82 a £5 j: 2 S3 j ^ 1 CO r—i City, town, or village 2, 830 2,826 § 15 13 29 18 122 236 68 7 12 s rf IP*83»SSS»*a I 36 12 2 50 15 26 6 Total number reporting CO sS (0(0 2 3 CS 888S82§SSSR8 3 Total number of systems CM 7,903 7,871 2,647 s 3 lH 76 68 19 92 124 88 48 Region and State r4 Aggregate United States . . . Continental United States . j : i i i i 1 1 1! ; : i i i : ll i i $ New Hampshire_ J New Jersey.. - - - - New York.. . Pennsylvania... . . . . Rhode Island . . . Vermont _ _ - . . . i i 1 ! i i j j i j i i | i S : : : : ll j : i i I j II j ; Kansas . . . . - . - Michigan . . . Minnesota— . . . - . . Missouri . . Nebraska . . . norm uaKoia _ _ _ ... Ohio _ _ _ _ _ _ — . South Dakota . . . . . Wisconsin... . . . t i ■ i • i i i i i i : i i iji Delaware - - - - - - - Florida . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . — . Kentucky _ _ Louisiana . . . . See footnote at end of table. Table 1. — Number of public library systems by major source of financial support , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 — Con. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Number, by major source of financial support i ro rt CO • to cm oo co | CO *0* i cr >or^cocsi >o 3 JOO tD Inde¬ pendent branch of county library i i i i i i i 1 Regional 00 oo ' CM CD ' C i i 7) i i i i i i ' ' i i County r* cMOCMHOcMinom •— « CM CO CO f— 1 o CO CM — * r— 1 CO CO School or county district to i i c_o 'CM i a ' CN J — « r— « CO CO 1 Township and New England town IA CM 1 1 City, town, or village 9 4 25 54 8 4 51 22 15 1 8 CO Total number reporting CO 3 : 3 cn—» Total number of systems CM s ; a Region and State fH South— Continued Maryland . . . . . Mississippi _ North Carolina _ _ _ _ Oklahoma . . South Carolina _ _ _ lennessee.. . . . Texas . . . . Virginia _ _ _ _ . ... ... West Virginia . . . . District of Columbia _ _ _ i ! ! i Arizona.. . . . . . rialifnrnia ! ! : i : i i i UJ: 111 ivioniana.. _ .. .... _ _ _ Nevada . . . . New Mexico _ _ _ _ V-M CfcUII _ Utah _ _ _ Washington . . . . . Wvomine.. . ...... ... . .. . _ Outlying parts of the United States. . . . i i H li i | i j ! i j 1 Libraries supported chiefly by women’s clubs, associations, or endowments, but giving free public service. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 47 Table 2. — Number of library agencies by type, by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 Region and State Number of systems reporting Number of stationary agencies by type Number of bookmo¬ biles 1 Total agencies Central libraries Branches Sub¬ branches Stations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Aggregate United States _ 6, 263 16, 680 6, 263 3,401 1, 884 5, 132 880 Continental United States _ 6, 249 16, 626 6, 249 3,386 1, 866 5,125 874 Northeast _ _ 1,960 4, 204 1,960 658 366 1, 220 89 Connecticut _ 192 365 192 60 30 83 6 Maine _ _ ... 131 172 131 3 38 Massachusetts. . . 311 729 311 152 64 202 17 New Hampshire . . . . . 175 194 175 4 3 12 2 New Jersey _ _ _ 177 643 177 89 107 270 13 New York _ _ _ _ 597 1,120 597 266 59 198 23 Pennsylvania . . . . .. 203 761 203 72 90 396 28 Rhode Island . . 44 77 44 11 13 9 Vermont . . . . . 130 143 130 1 12 North Central _ _ _ 2, 516 5, 846 2, 516 910 657 1, 763 247 Illinois... . . . . 282 584 282 74 50 178 19 Indiana... . . . . 245 687 245 121 91 230 25 Iowa... _ _ . ... . 355 665 355 21 36 253 10 Kansas _ _ _ _ 224 265 224 12 13 16 3 Michigan . . . . 239 646 239 138 70 199 37 Minnesota _ _ 164 484 164 59 41 220 13 Missouri . . . . . 162 490 162 92 29 207 62 Nebraska. .. .. . . . 222 247 222 11 7 7 2 North Dakota... _ _ 62 74 62 3 2 7 2 Ohio _ 222 1,036 222 299 247 268 63 South Dakota _ _ 79 102 79 23 3 Wisconsin. . ... 260 566 260 80 71 155 8 South _ _ _ 1,104 3,766 1, 104 1, 066 400 1, 196 439 Alabama _ _ _ _ 71 175 71 52 8 44 21 Arkansas _ _ 54 454 54 88 63 249 14 Delaware . . . 19 53 19 2 32 1 Florida . . . 87 123 87 32 2 2 7 Georgia . . . . . 122 682 122 111 77 372 50 Kentucky . . . . . . 84 139 84 18 9 28 41 Louisiana _ _ 47 323 47 183 79 14 40 Maryland _ _ _ _ 31 230 31 74 4 121 19 Mississippi _ _ _ 54 166 54 36 30 46 17 North Carolina _ _ _ 146 326 146 119 26 35 99 Oklahoma . . 65 88 65 13 5 5 5 South Carolina _ _ _ 58 256 58 58 38 102 46 Tennessee _ . ... _ 19 181 19 139 16 7 22 Texas. _ . 146 355 146 72 34 103 29 Virginia _ 58 137 58 43 5 31 21 West Virginia _ _ _ 42 62 42 11 4 5 6 District of Columbia 1 16 1 15 1 West. . . . . 669 2, 810 669 752 443 946 99 Arizona _ _ 10 41 10 2 1 28 3 California _ 196 1, 593 196 556 311 530 44 Colorado _ _ ... 56 87 56 9 2 20 8 Idaho . . . . . 38 41 38 1 2 Montana _ _ _ 51 129 51 10 19 49 3 Nevada 15 18 15 1 1 1 New Mexico _ _ 31 40 31 2 7 2 Oregon... . . . 125 340 125 49 12 154 10 Utah _ _ _ 15 78 15 6 17 40 2 Washington _ 114 369 114 95 73 87 27 Wyoming _ _ _ 18 74 18 22 6 28 Outlying parts of the United States . . . 14 54 14 15 18 7 6 Alaska _ 9 9 9 Canal Zone _ . 1 9 1 3 4 1 Hawaii _ _ _ _ ... 4 36 4 12 14 6 6 Excludes 39 bookmobiles directly operated by State library agencies. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Table 3, — Number of public library systems by population group served , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 Population group served Region and State of systems reporting Less than 1,000 1,000 to 2,499 2,500 to 4,999 5,000 to 9,999 10,000 to 24,999 25,000 to 49,999 50,000 to 99,999 100,000 and over 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Aggregate United States... 6,263 1, 139 1, 525 989 840 890 474 221 185 Continental United States. 6, 249 1, 134 1, 523 989 840 888 472 219 * 184 Northeast - 1, 960 456 484 345 259 224 103 47 42 Connecticut - - 192 32 48 40 29 21 16 2 4 131 42 38 26 15 7 2 1 Massachusetts . . 311 52 64 76 46 42 16 8 7 New Hampshire. _ _ 175 94 42 20 10 6 2 1 New Jersey . . . 177 6 30 25 39 38 22 9 8 New York - - - - 597 142 186 108 63 63 17 7 11 Pennsylvania . . . 203 9 27 36 42 41 23 15 10 Rhode Island . . 44 11 11 2 7 3 4 4 3 2 Vermont... . . 130 68 38 12 8 3 1 North Central. . 2,516 543 775 405 298 286 112 60 37 Illinois . . . 282 20 86 52 56 43 13 10 2 Indiana _ _ _ 245 16 66 54 55 29 13 6 6 Iowa . . . . 355 140 118 40 30 15 6 5 1 Kansas . . . 224 90 64 34 9 22 2 1 2 Michigan . 239 18 72 48 35 35 11 15 5 Minnesota _ _ 164 22 58 32 18 25 5 4 Missouri . . . 162 15 45 27 21 37 11 3 3 Nebraska _ _ 222 102 78 22 10 8 1 1 North Dakota _ 62 17 28 4 7 4 2 Ohio - - - - 222 18 48 38 26 36 32 13 11 South Dakota.. . . . 79 27 22 14 10 4 1 1 Wisconsin . . 260 58 90 40 21 28 16 5 2 South _ _ _ 1, 104 47 130 127 175 261 207 87 70 Alabama . . 71 3 12 11 8 14 10 9 4 Arkansas . _ 54 3 5 6 13 22 4 1 Delaware _ _ _ _ 19 3 7 3 4 1 1 Florida _ _ 87 12 10 17 21 15 7 1 4 Georgia. . . . . 122 1 5 11 27 43 20 8 7 Kentucky . . . 84 5 18 11 12 24 11 1 2 Louisiana 47 1 2 14 21 5 4 Maryland _ _ 31 2 1 5 4 8 4 2 5 Mississippi . _ 54 3 3 4 17 17 9 1 North Carolina . . . 146 10 20 7 17 26 43 18 5 Oklahoma . . . . .. 65 2 16 10 13 18 3 1 2 South Carolina.. . . . 58 6 8 7 12 16 5 4 Tennessee 19 1 2 2 1 13 Texas . . . . . 146 2 17 23 35 37 13 8 11 Virginia... _ 58 6 4 7 4 11 15 8 3 West Virginia . . 42 1 7 5 11 7 3 6 2 District of Columbia . . 1 1 West . . . 669 88 134 112 108 117 50 25 35 Arizona _ _ _ 10 1 1 4 1 3 California . . 196 3 16 26 33 57 23 16 22 Colorado. . . . . 56 11 15 9 8 8 2 2 1 Idaho 38 6 10 10 5 6 1 Montana _ 51 5 13 7 16 6 4 Nevada. _ 15 3 3 6 1 1 1 New Mexico _ 31 1 8 5 10 4 2 1 Oregon _ _ 125 37 37 17 13 11 8 1 1 Utah _ 15 3 5 3 1 1 1 1 Washington _ _ _ 114 22 28 22 10 14 8 4 6 Wyoming . . . 18 4 5 8 1 Outlying parts of the United States _ _ _ 14 5 2 2 2 2 1 Alaska... _ _ .. 9 5 2 2 American Samoa _ . . Canal Zone... . 1 1 Guam . . . Hawaii _ _ _ 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 Includes 9 library systems (in 5 States) which serve populations of a million and over. 2 Providence is served by two separate public library systems— Elmwood Public Library and Providence Public Library. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 49 Table 4.- - Number of public library systems by size of geographical area served , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 Region and State Number Geographical area served, in square miles systems report¬ ing Less than 5 5-10 10.1 to 25 25.1 to 50 50.1 to 100 100.1 to 200 200.1 to 500 500.1 to 1,000 Over 1,000 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ll 3, 625 816 470 472 584 241 106 305 364 267 3,614 813 469 472 582 241 106 305 361 265 1,184 229 200 268 307 95 32 19 21 13 136 4 16 51 51 10 2 2 63 7 19 23 14 242 19 33 111 69 9 1 76 8 8 9 46 5 134 71 29 15 11 1 5 1 1 336 77 74 42 62 42 23 6 6 4 100 38 20 5 7 5 2 6 10 7 24 4 5 8 4 2 1 73 8 8 8 34 7 6 1 1 1, 340 443 168 131 222 110 44 99 93 30 201 100 30 19 34 13 4 1 184 23 7 22 71 30 11 19 1 203 104 25 14 21 23 4 3 7 2 89 42 12 5 3 3 2 8 13 1 140 41 19 17 29 8 7 6 13 65 19 9 4 6 6 2 4 8 7 99 37 12 8 2 2 8 22 8 105 20 13 16 25 12 6 2 9 2 32 5 6 1 3 3 2 4 2 6 87 4 3 10 14 5 37 14 25 9 4 2 2 1 2 1 4 110 39 28 13 12 4 4 8 2 695 44 52 38 32 18 24 173 224 90 46 10 4 2 1 2 2 16 9 45 1 3 4 26 11 6 1 1 3 1 40 9 10 9 3 3 2 4 94 5 2 1 1 11 44 17 13 42 3 4 3 1 2 25 4 46 1 2 1 6 28 8 22 2 3 1 1 11 4 41 2 1 12 22 4 84 3 3 1 2 2 37 34 2 29 6 4 1 3 4 1 3 3 4 32 2 1 1 1 1 1 6 14 5 18 1 1 2 5 9 86 3 3 6 7 4 5 40 18 39 4 5 5 5 2 9 4 5 24 1 6 3 1 2 6 3 2 1 1 395 87 49 35 21 18 6 14 23 132 5 1 1 1 2 155 46 23 19 6 3 3 3 9 43 24 6 1 2 1 3 3 8 22 3 4 3 2 3 1 2 1 3 35 5 1 1 1 1 2 24 7 1 1 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 56 14 7 6 3 5 5 2 14 7 3 1 3 63 18 10 6 4 3 2 1 2 17 16 1 15 11 3 1 2 3 2 6 3 1 2 1 1 4 2 2 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States... Northeast . Connecticut _ Maine _ Massachusetts. . New Hampshire. New Jersey _ New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ Vermont. . North Central Illinois _ Indiana . Iowa _ Kansas _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri . Nebraska _ North Dakota. Ohio _ _ South Dakota. Wisconsin _ South. Alabama _ Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida... . Georgia.. _ _ Kentucky - - Louisiana _ Maryland. . Mississippi . . North Carolina . Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee . . Texas _ Virginia . . West Virginia _ District of Columbia. West. Arizona _ California... Colorado _ Idaho _ Montana _ Nevada _ New Mexico. Oregon _ Utah _ Washington.. Wyoming _ Outlying parts of the United States. . . Alaska _ Canal Zone. Hawaii Table 5. — Income and endowment of public library systems , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 Total amount of endowment, trust and invested .. funds (exclusive g of building funds) riAL o> SUI a CD h* ro 00 Tj cm* cm* ^ in a 00* 00 o o tH tH IVE CM 00 ro 00 in o T OF EDUCA NOOISOCDONN NCnhvrHO^^OCMCO to i — cooooor^r^r^cvj cocxTirT of of oo csTof co* to co to co ^ ir^o*— • rHoooo)imn^o)c\i erf ^ cm* to' irTiriV-T TIC tn © CD © 00 CO CD 764, 026 3 385, 038 567, 521 h- 130, 220 cd 803, 606 oi 118,396 310, 192 1 98, 906 C" 84, 852 04 2, 126, 819 34, 021 966, 006 5, 170, 162 113, 202 120, 827 Number of systems reporting 00 954 952 569 tnoo^t'tcocooomcn TOCNjco^-cvimm»-H^- 226 105 (77 CO I i 1 ! Source Other sources 1 $10, 721, 444 10, 664, 560 3, 730, 219 OOTO-^-CDr^COTOr- «oo rocsjocoTOfHcorsO cf crT itT — f o' ^ irT crT — T cm rHoo^ 2, 889, 146 423, 141 164, 633 150, 131 78, 721 499, 766 196, 809 321,284 62, 733 42, 336 696, 106 34, 864 218, 622 1, 902, 660 57, 520 56, 778 Income from endowments and gifts $7, 923, 346 7,912,434 s s «f 535, 289 291,077 690, 372 131,847 158, 931 3, 668, 160 465, 268 360, 569 127,019 576, 790 saggilsssSIS 726, 038 31, 206 15, 657 State grants $4, 977, 176 4,976,429 2, 150, 295 OfO ' 1 S2~ p iss~ : i ! * 1 i i i is is i i; is is* i h • CO i CM 1 j i | ; j ! ! j % 1 1 si! ; | 2, 097, 479 30, 931 61, 299 Local public funds ** 5162, 696, 621 161, 893, 992 47, 248, 892 3, 201,759 373, 120 9, 440, 479 539, 115 7, 127, 263 20, 218, 720 5, 780, 592 365, 503 202, 341 60, 331, 438 9, 062, 909 5, 420, 279 2, 470, 643 1,406, 103 9, 596, 801 3, 766, 521 4, 970, 855 1,098,713 281,364 17, 202, 628 388, 359 4, 666, 263 23, 015, 355 824, 865 567, 831 Total income tn $186, 318, 587 185, 447, 415 59, 557, 938 3, 989, 756 751,013 10, 875, 945 703, 458 7, 453, 081 27, 828, 340 6,771,947 793, 980 390,418 S i 3 9, 580, 190 5, 615, 163 2,714,541 1,520,610 10, 469, 351 3, 980, 260 5, 578, 128 1, 177,339 327, 223 18,157, 995 425, 788 4, 937, 546 27, 741, 532 944, 522 701, 565 Number of reporting CM 6, 202 6, 190 1,941 2, 510 1,079 £8 Region and State Aggregate United States . . Continental United States - 1 i i i i 1 • i i l ■ i , a> i i , , i Jj&ijftl liiliiiii I | j i | j i i | i i i i i i i • . i m i i i i i i . . i i * i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I unio. . . . . . . . South Dakota _ _ _ _ _ Wisconsin _ _ i j j i i 1 1 II STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 51 Slllaslsll |ssgSgl‘s“>'s SSI • CVJOO ■ CO CD CD ) CM in r—TcorC cm o oo in oo oTooincrT ISSgSsSssSlSSl s3as'gs8|‘saass! SIlSssIsSISI: -roLO rr tooio m- r j^-cocvjiDiotocvum « o •— • o oo cm co cm oo r in cm •— » c SalSlssSISIlSs aWlSlllSSsiSI oino)coo)*H^tcvjrH< cDcor^MT^rotocniD' ocohcocoooonioi ajcvjroiorv^oinocMcsj ^NOinCOr-iNOCVJNCO incocNJMiOiHcooinoco t-Tt-T cvTcsT —T — T sSISglsKsSsiSs l¥sSSSs‘=l¥s¥§: ^W*-Tcm~oo cn-H^VcoV . in OTlO(J>rHC\JlD'^COlOlOO co o' oo~ of cvT «— T cvT o' in' r-»T cotoinr^incvjcMoo^j-o^j- inr-tcsicNjin^i^rHincNjco crTt-T cnT ^ CM CL O £ € I I s 1 Table 6. — Expenditures in public library systems , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 to Capital outlay g STNL1 to H LL ST CM CM to CO CD CD CM CM cm' n fH fH l/V JRA t** CD 00 CO SEY OF EDUC r^coincocMincomco in rH cd lo CD 'd- o CMOOCOCMCOCOIOCMOO •-HirTcocT r>T cm* in* co* in* CX}CMOCMhsfN.CM r-H CO CD Os] :at CO fH OO — < O CO LO »— « ps CO OO O CD o' ofcvT ccT— Too CM Per capita operating expenditures Amount 12 $1.45 !. 45 1 71 CDOOCDr^CMCO«-H ^■rNincooooiocoorH^TN .74 cm co co 00 cm ftft cnjcnj ooid^ido ^oo^-cvjo^j-r^r-. o> 4, 672, 185 175, 234 157,671 57, 298 259, 977 654, 467 134, 783 Salaries Building staff in 511, 527, 151 11, 487, 002 o in © in in 219, 660 38, 708 884, 485 45, 838 603, 875 1, 854, 322 810, 701 69, 773 23, 388 | 4, 214, 356 cm coin — «r^oococMiocDrNCO oooinooofNfNcvjo^-ooiD |NCVJOrN(r)iO(DO)OOCV)COlD of — T ^ o* 00" erf od cd od cd cnT r^cocor^CMr^^co — «o>CM^f r^cocsi cd 00 fH ** CM* fH H 48, 550 17,410 13, 843 82, 170 73, 894 79, 733 Library staff ** fO 5104,314,903 103, 795, 253 32,243,231 2, 286, 654 309, 032 6, 082, 850 337, 896 4,251,271 14, 650, 903 3, 752, 101 401,775 170, 749 -.t CO LO fH ID co 5, 587, 306 2, 877,340 1, 340, 933 797, 149 6, 058, 362 2,519, 663 2, 762, 822 580, 427 134, 027 10, 608, 203 225, 398 2,661,810 en rC CO m 525, 990 366, 585 177,892 1,072, 402 1,354, 686 541, 726 Total operating expenditures 5171,000,623 170, 222, 649 54, 299, 964 3,739,570 685, 727 9, 967, 493 666, 868 6, 708, 166 24, 902, 166 6, 601,993 686, 453 341, 528 59, 574, 980 9,317, 592 5, 439, 888 2, 485, 190 1,421,134 9, 744, 445 3, 832, 650 4, 858, 030 1, 052, 209 263, 036 16,150, 904 421,452 4, 588, 450 25, 959, 203 910, 790 695, 270 316, 481 1,727,967 2, 456, 930 1, 039, 610 Number of systems reporting CM 6, 202 6, 190 1,941 OOOrHin^TNM^O cncM— ir^r>-*3-oo r-IrHCOrHfHlOrH f— « 2, 510 CMmincvjooo oo^mcNicocococNiLOCNir^co CM CNJ CO CM CNJ *-H »— 1 CNI CM CM 1, 079 r-M CO CD CM CM — « cn m t-H 00 cm 00 Region and State - Aggregate United States _ Continental United States. Northeast . . . Connecticut _ _ Maine _ _ _ Massachusetts . . New Hampshire _ _ New Jersey. . . . . . . New York . . . Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island _ _ Vermont _ _ North Central. . . . Illinois... . . . Indiana _ _ Iowa . . . Kansas _ _ _ _ Michigan _ .. .. Minnesota _ _ Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ North Dakota . . . Ohio _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin... . . South _ _ _ _ Alabama . . Arkansas _ . Delaware... _ ... Florida.. _ Georgia _ Kentucky . . STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 53 • cn oo r*- CT5 * «cococDr^CM*— romoor «-H«~ I •— • HOtOO) T co~ o' in" cm" *mco«— « — ir oor^r*»cMcor^ocMco^-H ■ocntD^-cotocM^^-co ■roo^ooootDOM )rvjr^inro^TOr-* com ^ •-'Or^L CM r^- »— « CM cot >N0fOOOOOtD'HOCO • I — CDCD— «m—coioco >oo^ro— «cj5CMmm cm *■— « t— « »— « lo cm m csi^oocomcMOCMOom CDr^ocDcocMoor^mmco csTcrTofco'cfir co" o' of oo" cm" ro'tiDi^'tCMr . •— < CO OO CM CD C inM0oioa5Oo^0ino momooio^rm*-*co«-H ■^3-^j-cdcmcococmcm— «cmcd CsJO^CMO^^'d-^-CDOH's ^^■coooococDpH^rNO) *3-r— «commco*=r— <*-hct>co Csjoocomco-Hoocooor^in i — oo cn o> rv •-« cm rv cvj cj^oo^OTj-cooin^r^ c^io^^^TxcorxcMcvirx cdcdco^o— icoco*3-cdo r^ooior^or^cM«3-com« ^l^NOl^LnCOrH^Nf UDco«Hi^0incsiO) CT> m _ _ CO - f0in0 00 05 0)05t0 > CM CO CO CO CM 1— « > ^ m cd cd 4000 CM CD ^PHI - « .— < r—1 CM O CD ' iN^cosomcNjinocvj ^ Sf-S 00 ° ■^75 "5 ° Under 1,000 CO 1,121 668, 907 $843, 790 $1.26 1,117 666, 868 $842, 400 $1.26 32 20, 684 $32, 568 $1.57 40 18,118 $21,858 $1.21 52 29, 240 $69,988 $2. 39 94 55, 446 $69, 338 $1.25 1 CM 6, 202 117, 834,890 $171,000, 623 $1.45 6,190 117, 302,268 $170, 222, 649 $1.45 SSI* sags =sgs ssss srr ser §i* -a “ -a Region and State i-i 1 Aggregate United States Number of libraries reporting. . Population - - - Expenditures... - - - - - - Per capita . . . - . Continental United States Number of libraries reporting . . Population . . Expenditures . . . . . - Per capita . . . CONNECTICUT: Northeast Number of libraries reporting . . Population _ _ Expenditures.. _ _ _ Per capita . . . MAINE: Number of libraries reporting . . Population. . . . . . . Expenditures - - - - Per capita - MASSACHUSETTS: Number of libraries reporting _ _ Population _ _ Expenditures . . . . Per capita . . NEW HAMPSHIRE: Number of libraries reporting . . Population . . . . Expenditures . . . . Per capita _ _ _ _ Tabic 8. — Total operating and per capita expenditures in public library systems by population group served , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56— Continued Population group 100,000 and over .. to ism © iTIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954- "§§* i i : -r-T5t oVw r«.v» «r-.-S£ : : ! SS; gg gg SS : : : -S* 22 " : i i • i . . . 1 Or 05 2 3, 732, 818 $5,110, 586 $1.37 6 1,091,118 50,000-99,999 © 9 584, 875 $903, 184 $1. 54 7 514, 829 $970, 751 $1.89 14 985, 781 $490, 780 $0. 50 4 55, 060 $16, 854 $0.31 10 680, 936 $1,242,679 $1.82 6 384, 858 25,000-49,999 00 22 765, 375 $1,250, 055 $1.63 17 619, 397 $995, 182 $1.61 23 801,975 $517, 745 $0. 65 4 73, 435 $41, 179 $0. 56 1 33, 155 $25. 706 $0. 78 13 478, 528 $703, 756 $1.47 13 471,456 10,000-24,999 37 576, 183 $920, 943 $1.60 63 1, 043, 393 $1, 748, 515 $1.68 38 566, 866 $555, 556 $0. 98 3 34, 028 $52, 075 $1.53 3 44, 206 $67, 991 $1.54 43 660, 205 $1,065,279 $1.61 29 437, 396 5,000-9,999 <0 39 298, 145 $437, 574 $1.47 63 432, 104 $720, 012 $1.67 40 274, 576 $233, 206 $0. 85 7 50, 991 $27, 540 $0.54 8 62, 691 $100, 051 $1.60 56 412, 725 $649, 196 $1.57 55 392, 944 S T § u5 c\T m 25 96, 671 $148, 840 $1.54 108 393, 250 $537, 850 $1.37 35 131,119 $161,098 $1.23 2 8, 723 $9, 793 $1.12 12 41,308 $33, 966 $0. 82 52 179, 966 $253, 516 $1.41 54 185, 030 1,000-2,499 - 29 51,010 $68. 227 $1.34 186 300.618 $418, 966 $1.39 26 45, 165 $29, 741 $0. 66 11 18, 621 $26,306 $1.41 38 58,212 $71, 526 $1.23 86 135,418 $263. 770 $1.95 66 110,360 Under 1,000 CO 5 3, 982 Vll 142 81,650 $116,286 $1.42 6 4, 371 11 5, 700 $11,463 $2. 01 68 39, 296 20 14, 696 ,2« 16 12, 876 Item CM 174 3, 897, 267 $6, 708, 166 $1.72 597 13, 385, 997 $24, 902, 166 $1.86 192 6, 517, 709 $6,601,993 $1.01 44 495, 232 $686,453 $1.39 130 278, 868 $341,528 $1.22 282 6, 295, 292 $9,317. 592 $1.48 245 3, 086,038 Region and State fH Northeast— Continued NEW JERSEY: Number of libraries reporting. . . Population _ _ _ Expenditures. . . . . . Per capita... . . . . . . NEW YORK: Number of libraries reporting . . Population _ _ _ Expenditures . . . . Per capita . . . . . . PENNSYLVANIA: Number of libraries reporting . . Population _ _ Expenditures. . Per capita . . . . RHODE ISLAND: Number of libraries reporting. . Population _ _ _ _ _ Expenditures . . Per capita . . . . . VERMONT: Number of libraries reporting . . Population _ _ _ Expenditures . . . . ret capita... _ _ North Central ILLINOIS: Number of libraries reporting _ _ Population _ _ _ Expenditures _ _ _ _ Per capita _ INDIANA: Number of libraries reporting _ Population _ STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 57 *51$! 1 177, 965 $354, 056 $1.99 2 296, 945 $382,018 $1.29 5 2, 592, 101 sn3!i 4 1,082,260 ,2’65^f 3 1, 560, 731 $3, 012, 629 $1.93 1 251,117 $289, 349 $1.15 i i ; j i =§s§ i i ! i ~alr i IS" MM §¥" : -r : : ! : -r : ~ i I ; ; $674, 819 $1.75 5 351, 605 $576,422 $1.64 1 78, 829 $156, 888 $1.99 15 1, 072, 446 $1,486,171 $1.39 3 232, 712 $330 833 $1.42 1 98, 884 $205, 140 3 ! * I — 13 934, 695 $1,558, 221 $1.67 1 54, 282 $81,800 $1.51 5 368, 874 $699, 606 $1.90 $607, 375 $1.29 6 203, 667 $327, 028 $1.61 2 68, 249 $110, 166 $1.61 11 417, 991 $991,435 $2.37 5 154,816 $235,472 $1.52 11 403, 746 $411,740 $1.02 2 65, 092 $82, 991 $1.27 32 1, 098, 643 $1, 503, 744 $1.37 1 25,310 *^8 16 545, 203 $839, 319 $1.54 s” 2§s“ S23S ”sg~ ssgs Rigs ”S=3 f g'f i"r S‘f if if 5|= £" ssgiR “ggs Sgss saga Rggs sgg= f sf SS" sf 21" §‘§" sss !g ?|gS SffS sags sggs RSSS S3SS2 sp 5g“ g‘sp asp ss'“ asp ssp a!2 “Sir ‘'Is- SSI- *%" 1§" “|s §f '"§1° “Is2 »r sf 2SSS S28S . incsj . **“ sf ''SR5 SgSSK =SgS §§28? 5is Sap sf If SR. SSI2 ssas sggs ssss saga sags? asgs ssss ssgs sags S“ g§“ 2R= S2S SfgF RSS 2SR 3SS SSP* 8gS S‘SS R -R ~R -R R ~ ~R " » •» -R 1° §11= *iia “ssr ~SI” 23§r s§~l 2ls™ 2S1S “ss” ”=ss Sg~ S?jf SB8 °°&S sf SS6* gfg** I- Is™ ™§s ™§s SS§s ss§s Rggsji sags f gf Ilf |f |f Sf Sf Sf sf If if rsf rf8f -Sf Table 8. — Total operating and per-capita expenditures in public library systems by population group served , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 — Continued 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 59 ■°SSS 1ST ’88* “ga8! "SS3! sSs* =81* "Sf2! -SS2 sS* IIs isT sir £~~ gs* gf* 8fg* g‘g» <*■<*■*» csT-j cvTcsf ^ ** jh 2 130, 900 $115^126 9 629, 038 $311,698 $0. 50 18 1,204,175 5534 ?04 $0. 49 1 50, 000 $24, 169 $0. 48 5 290, 822 593 398 $0. 32 1 98, 107 $36,250 $0. 37 8 571, 709 $460,614 $0.81 8 570, 595 $391, 624 $0. 69 6 471, 536 $112, 335 $0. 24 ; i i i 4 139, 751 $103, 714 $0. 74 17 591,286 $295, 135 $0. 50 43 1, 532, 636 *73« 3 100, 272 $73, 677 $0. 73 16 579, 973 ,27» 2 60, 207 *61,658 $1.02 13 469, 445 15 575, 205 $277, 500 $0. 48 3 96, 834 $28,395 $0. 29 i j 8 156, 388 $122, 502 $0. 78 17 305, 302 $52, 948 $0.17 25 343, 608 $164,514 $0. 48 18 292, 921 V 12 186, 575 *127 271 $0. 68 1 19, 571 ,3!i4§! 36 580, 300 $390,421 $0. 67 11 169,712 *10^? 7 126, 771 V i i j | i i 4 27, 026 $28,652 $1.06 4 12, 747 $13,617 $1.07 17 109, 763 *7?h275§ $0. 72 13 89, 160 $77,285 $0. 87 7 53, 453 $0. 76 i =!S“ i j a'r «sT SIS i 5 17, 895 $6, 780 $0. 38 3 8, 535 $4,310 $0. 50 7 15, 708 V 10 33,691 ,2» 7 25, 623 $22,632 $0. 88 1 4,711 $700 $0.15 20 72, 288 $34,877 $0. 48 7 22, 335 $0. 72 5 16, 089 $2 968 $0. 18 || j i i 2, 091 $1, 106 $0. 53 3 5,634 *MjjO $0. 80 20 14, 582 *30,474 $2. 09 14 23, 965 $13,060 $0. 54 6 10,255 $8, 532 $0. 83 i i 15 23, 971 $9,689 $0. 40 1 2, 427 $0. 32 7 12, 806 $10,387 $0.81 2 1,367 $0. 50 10 3, 529 $8,635 $2. 45 2 1,488 $670 $0. 45 | | 2 1,218 6 1,794 $7, 825 $4.36 1 777 $0455 _ _ Table 8. — Total operating and per capita expenditures in public library systems by population group served , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 — Continued 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 61 1 471,537 $1,026^56* 1 180, 900 $217,058 $1.20 6 1, 206, 679 $2, 485, 053 $2. 06 1 353, 020 $434, 451 $1.23 1 353, 020 $434,451 $1.23 1 58, 666 $32. 816 $0. 56 1 83, 000 $212^025 4 295, 524 $387, 950 $1.31 1 68, 350 $81,171 $1.19 1 68, 350 $81, 171 $1. 19 8 272, 739 $352, 010 $1.29 1 33, 536 $12,172 $0. 36 8 257, 260 $510, 140 $1.98 1 40, 500 $50. 720 $1.25 2 78, 357 $172,778 $2.21 2 78, 357 $172,778 $2.21 11 164, 179 $265, 724 $1.62 1 10, 000 $5, 809 $0. 58 14 210,126 $351,627 $1.67 8 137, 559 $173,610 $1.26 2 27, 242 $85, 705 $3.15 2 27, 242 $85, 705 $3. 15 13 88, 057 $125,718 $1.43 3 21,420 $24, 944 $1. 16 10 67, 607 $129, 972 $1.92 5 37, 128 $52, 878 $1.42 17 60, 637 $78. 247 $1.29 5 18, 064 $15,874 $0. 88 22 76, 534 $94, 728 $1.24 4 18, 525 $30, 360 $1.64 36 58, 132 $56, 756 $0. 98 3 5,929 $7,791 $1.31 28 47, 179 $46, 762 $0. 99 2 3,614 $2, 479 $0. 69 2 3,614 $2, 479 $0. 69 37 24, 280 $14, 841 $0.61 22 13, 985 $14,394 $1.03 4 2, 039 $1,390 $0. 68 4 2, 039 $1,390 $0. 68 124 1,198, 227 15 352, 849 $495,673 $1.40 114 2, 174, 894 $4, 020, ^626 18 233, 712 $307, 568 $1.32 12 532, 622 $777,974 $1.46 8 32, 895 4 499, 727 t68M00 OREGON: Number of libraries reporting _ Population . . . . . Expenditures _ _ Percapita _ _ UTAH: Number of libraries reporting _ Population . . . Expenditures _ Per capita _ _ _ WASHINGTON: Number of libraries reporting _ Population . . . Expenditures _ _ _ Per capita _ WYOMING: Number of libraries reporting . . Population _ Expenditures _ Per capita _ _ _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Number of libraries reporting _ Population . . txpenaitures--. _ _ Percapita _ _ _ _ ALASKA: Number of libraries reporting _ Population _ _ txpenditures . . Per capita _ HAWAII : Number of libraries reporting _ ropuianon _ _ Expenditures . . ! £ Table 9.— “Book stock of public library systems , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Number of volumes added during year Undistributed 13 1, 478, 880 1, 474, 550 342, 772 cun oo cm »— • cm cr> o CM CD *3- OO f^ — • O ^ CMr^cy>coo‘>c\iooCTor>*- i^^fcocModcTcM «-T CM *3* CM ^ O") 553,862 to^tocnco^oo^t iconpo id cm o co co in unoo^f PO^OOCsIOOm rC^^dcDOtDCNj' i id oo of CM CM CM CD 1 CD CT> CM i By other means 12 1,024,038 1, 018,479 453,803 CDOrtfnOOOCOfM^t O^ONOOfOOCOCO ^j-oo^rj-r^co— rffvo)CM^ta)^tO)tno ^^NCNJlOvnNCOOrfOitO cDoocnooo^a-cocoiDoocMoo o pC cd rrTcrro“orTo crT cm" ctT ^ CM *—* »— • •— « CO •— < CM — « By purchase 11 9, 057, S41 9, 015, 522 2, 596, 436 205,417 44, 268 392, 625 49, 469 369,612 1, 187, 159 289, 787 32, 279 25, 820 3, 003, 189 incOOCMPONNCMONMO U500)^TfOtONa3(0<£5^t — < IDCM O — iCOOO)ift«t(O0 ctT ^ cm* crT ocT crT ld in pvTcnT cm of r^^OOOO^OCMlMCMr^CMO CM *—< co P- CM Total 10 11, 560, 559 11, 508, 551 3, 393, 011 264, 055 64,813 573, 977 60, 584 437, 373 1, 492, 769 421,296 39, 720 38, 424 3, 788, 007 imo^-ooinoo)inrtO)MO CD^P»— «OlDCM«— KOlOlO^f ^■rvr^oococoinpxo^rTtcD p^T co oo o' oo -CP oo*CM* rCoooo *^P CM CM CM O CO OO CO CD CO CM ID «5* CM — < m CM co oo CO Number of systems reporting Oi 6, 005 5, 991 OO 00 H ooowtn^incsjTj- cn^^cor^>r^gy)rj-cM 2, 425 iocor^*—»iD CMCMlO^H e ct c a e 0> TO c c « E 'to to & «J Q> O "5. - £= « 'TO gTo, o u ,2 c > > > «=■» E ® 2.2 z =•§ ' W &8iis STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 63 5 !SsSB9 ;s iisssssS i s slsa i !1S IgS 8 | jg i i~~ss~ is jaa'^a^ i i ~SS“>' : i-s is” * S l2l|g3=ga|gS||Sa ; 3 isiiiiigsii s §13 s a' o*gr^cn-^««rrCcooo-r U? crfr-7 S SllS§lsS!ll!ssl§l 3 2SS§S£S532£ a 235 i S sg^s^aWgtf s "S ri * 3 ~S§~£SS~S5SS22lsi» 5 i £~i f S?^‘5£i^g^£SSSgg s' s CM* 1 cs in 3 SS222KSSS5SS2SS5- s 2S535283222 s a s s2sslI§aiSS I r^o ! 35 : s' |2-II|55II~S3SSS i s' "is's¥R¥aiis a 3| i an a rC t-H § SSSIssasSsssIlsSl s SllsslilSsl s 8 is 3 mmmmmgmu s Igsssssgggs s' ~ is «r in CO r s ~llSi£llsscsaI=§ls; 1 SlssgggSsIs 8 1 1* S' g'l'asssSW al¥s¥s'I's $ s'sfssssasfssss' ^3- CD ^ CO -HMMinM S' "is" a _r « a CO ~ ~ s S3£23£5S£2SS52Si32 5 33K23222S32 S o>oa • •••«•••« . — *4 ’ ~ ~ cnJ cm' csi ~ ~ csj ~ cvi rt •-h c\i § IsSSSSllglsSlllIs i sSSsisisiss s 833 i SlSSiS's'ISIII'glWa' g mmmsm i S|V s -r-r «vi-.-r~vr cf^-r-Tcovr a r-T— T ci ro 3 ilaaSIISsieisSiSS S SlsssSIlIIS s lis i SlsISSSSsiscaSsSI g sii§‘a'*'8S¥s¥ i S3S5 ** a c\T— «" «co*^VT«J— co“««csr-4r-r-r s 2 -- - | 3 *4 £S2S$3SS£S5S3253S~ 1 2333K23S222 3 I1 till, . IHIIlII Table 10. — Number of public library systems by number of volumes at end of year , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Number of volumes 11 51 a as 00 j ' CO CM i CO i j i i j CNJ i —• l * i i 1 i l i I i 500,000 to 999,999 a S3 00 ■ i ' CNJ i • ' CNlr- co ! ! 1 1 CM 300,000 to 499,999 s as 00 i • CNJ •*-« i i i 00 1 • CNJ iv- CO 1 1 • 1 00 175,000 to 299,999 S3 3 CO i CO co «— « . 1 3 CO CNJ CNJ “• CNJ CO ! cnj 1 00 150,000 to 174,999 00 S3 <7> 3 CNJ —H «— 1 • ' • 1 CNJ- CO 1 i i i 100,000 to 149,999 r*. as a CO CO 1 to CO *3" ' a oo co cm co cnj - CO • co 1 3 CNJ *3- .CNJ 70,000 to 99,999 CO US 114 a 3 1 10 3 7 2 3 1 1 3 in ^}- in — < r^. cnj - • • CO 3 CNJ 25,000 to 69,999 II S ; 3 8 05 £ 'Hr''£in£ 6,000 to 24,999 2,882 2, 880 i 87 74 172 86 81 289 120 28 61 1,102 161 142 131 87 91 70 74 86 15 121 29 95 3 Fewer than 6,000 to 2, 084 2, 078 § a 30 8 12 31 26 49 1 Number of systems reporting cm 6,263 6, 249 096 ‘X 192 131 311 175 177 597 203 44 130 2, 516 s vf Region and State fH Aggregate United States . ... Continental United States _ j is ii Massachusetts _ _ _ New Hampshire - New Jersey . . New York _ __ Pennsylvania _ .. Rhode Island. . . Vermont _ North Central _ Illinois . . . Indiana . . _ . Iowa . .. . . Michigan _ _ _ Minnesota _ _ _ Iji «i Ohio _ _ _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin.... . . . . . . j i Arkansas . . Delaware _ _ _ _ _ Georgia _ _ _ Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 65 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 67 2,210 503 167 1 006 27 99, 422 76, 164 71 40 167 80 iOO i iimn i • *4* *4* i • co a> ! i i 1 U* 00 in * i i i i • in • oo • co isIiSsSisS! cool nWnoi 139, 139 39 108, 432 1,718 958 5, 038 341 128 3, 376 212 18, 897 15, 841 1 • *3* I OO • in i 20 795 85 04* 3, 194 1,801 184 O CO ! ' JCNJ M HOOO • room i oo OO 1 fH 00 00 1 1 1 ! oo • oo |r| i i 1,538 981 443 429 3, 961 9, 917 61 9M ‘8 • *3*m m iCDOO m o> ■' *3- ! *4- • i c\j i i • i 817 1 i r^ i oo i i i i 158 2, 121 2,617 746 6 2, 563 861 15 253 7, 218 to oo r-< CO OOIO • Oil n i • co • i i • co • • co oo • • *-« CSJ I ' co“ ! i i to ! 3 354 1,848 4, 574 578 8 2,444 566 1,114 147, 309 o^-«ococococ7>cocooo*3- CMinoDtD'HintorsrHrso *3- CO *4* CM f oo rH rN fx 972 mois LO—i r-HOO 94 8, 627 9, 827 2’6S 73, 947 13, 322 17, 780 158, 546 1, 883, 826 oo^-csioin^ocvjO't i ocNCvjororoorxom ■ cncooooomO'tiNO • csT in oo co~ oo in cnT in ciT co i CO . co • Oi ro in co i iOi • co i irT i co i i i • 4, 822 63, 808 60, 049 4, 843 2,517 68, 146 12, 160 30, 907 1, 934, 242 SssSilSIlls <02£«04*~ O T3 cz I I ! I I I I 1 £ I 1 Table 12. — Circulation of books in public library systems by type of agency , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, , 1954-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES to cd o' CN CO cm" oo i i co > o intors >to iin » ■ • cm i i -cr tin 'Hifio i o • oo ■ i i o i to >m >— 40001 o -oo > • - r-* i ' oo - i/o i cd oo co oo - 43** i i - O i 'CO i *3- >01/01/0 ' o - CO • i 1 1 1 CM 'CM »— < i f-H -CO 1 » 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1, 147, 909 49, 486 204, 368 885, 476 1 Ol i » in 1 oo" 1 > i i 17,372,369 CMOlOlCOOl^Ol— i— 4COCO«^,OlCO^T^CO — 'OOOOCDCOl/0«*3-r^OOO^-COCMOOOCNJ .^-o^r^rcM^-r^cocM»— • — T cm" cm" ID CD CO in" H T r-T cm" > co" cm" oo" in co" oo" o" *3-" oo" cm o o to cm to *3- 43- co i/o r>* co • —4 OO CM CM - I/O CM CM CO tn w ** rt" o o to" CM tO tO O CM OO *— < O — ' ' Ol CMcor^.—ioicocM— «into-H ^3-cooo— ." co" rO r^T oo" cm" of to" co" o" r**." oicMinincoco— 'toincMco CM CD CM CO ^■CO^h^-CO^-COI/OCM*— 'OOCOrH^CM«t (O 0*3-tocoooi/o*3*r^.iro*dT'^CM^ooooiroao r^L/ooocooooocooor^oto— >*— 'ooooo to" o" o" in — T r*T co" rC of oo" oo" oo" of of in" r-f o" OOnfCMOO-HCOOOOCOOOOO^->OOinOO rsco«t»cocMiNiniH^(cooa)cocoNiH r- Tr-T cm" co" — T cm" co" — T cm" •— f — T ^*"cm" — T in co 00 oo^3*— '^tminco — Tco"co" ^h" — I'm"— To"— •" in — < CO cf m cm" 43- CO to —1 CO CM Ol r^r- 4 to" co" r-f — 1— 1 CM CM CM —4 cm" o CD 00 CM* S S CMO)ooivtDrx^HrNO)in«3oocMf-<*-'Oco cMtomootoomNOOT^c^ocoooOTo inooooototooo.— •inoocM’'3-ocooocor^ co" in" co" to" — T co" cm" co" o" oo" r-f cm" 43*" cm" o" — T co" OtOrHCMrH^rfCvjM-CO^CMCOOO^fOCM OOOOO^^CM^tCO'f ^COCOOO)OOr-i in" co" to" cm" r*C oo" co" o" co" in" in" — ■" in" cm" cm" 0) m o" 00 f*> a> oun-3-corHrvooooocMO ^HCMOOCMNOOOKCMCMtO o^^ooi^ooo^inco^- — " — T of r>." of to" in" rf of in" r-f CMrsOorxtocMCM^-mpNrH OCOCMO>0>^3CMOin— ICO cm"o"^*" — T — Tco"cm"co"— r CO —4 s ID (0 cm" •3- CO Ol ^ coin oi r^o to" oo" to" —1 —i co CM CM *3- cm" CO r* 00 CO — «r'-.cooo*3-iotnoocooococococoo0f— ioo tDOO^inr-or^ooooaOf— — ICO CO —4 CO — i CM o" — r cm" s in oor^ too CM moN cm" co" of co in oi 43 B T— - X 2? ai to o 5 O ■3 = = O Nl “too COO 2 E to ^ TO-aS _ o x: c 5 5 mj= O TO O S TO TO u22zzoS55 OO X = © C o >> s 3 55 Includes 28,943,340 circulation undistributed between stationary agencies and bookmobiles. Table 13. — Circulation of miscellaneous stock items in public library systems , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 70 Number of items circulated j2j TAL CD JZ O iH /’EY Oi CM CM CM f3 5 h. co - o 150, 689 hj EDUC i OCDO i o> ^ • o ! i ATION, (OO) i in co io i C£> CT> —1 i o>co cvTcrT ' 329, 294 hi 65, 934 c* 102, 180 15, 781 1 4, 805 37! 869 ° 685 7,473 6 9 58, 895 2,657 33, 000 Sound record¬ ings (titles) « 3, 459, 053 3,452, 040 974, 035 146, 862 2,291 232, 501 21,787 109, 052 298,619 77, 321 8, 952 6, 650 1, 205, 611 g=S?S§S‘3"‘S' S' Films (titles) 00 632, 940 632, 940 35, 616 7, 161 1,244 3,296 97 21, 606 2, 200 12 324,046 32, 668 13, 934 42 9, 062 55, 358 11,682 66, 924 5,382 115, 601 46 13, 347 Microfilms (titles) r* 5, 580 5, 580 1, 264 l i i i i CO i l i l i t •— t CM ^ i i LO CO CM l i O i i 3, 022 Ssl is i“ : i~l i i III Slides, film¬ strips CD 473, 041 473, 041 5, 996 743 173 1,491 26 2, 887 117 553 6 326, 774 105, 545 11,724 4,755 837 62. 678 40, 723 10, 867 1, 181 70, 683 397 17, 384 Maps IA 49, 011 49, 011 2, 375 OOr— ICSJCOCOOOCNJCVJIO CO CM CT> — « CM 31, 149 8ig8S888"g§§| ~ t-T ~ CM Photos, pic¬ tures, prints ** 3, 441, 230 3, 412, 374 00 CO no CM CM CM CM O CD O OO CM — •cxiTj-<7>^ocna>Ln coocmcocoooooco o^ooafcor^*— tcrTcvTcM LO O-Hl^OO)^- CM CM CM CO 1, 359, 503 446, 932 103, 294 14,462 2,777 189, 328 197, 833 19, 292 10, 370 88 261, 923 234 112, 970 Uncataloged pamphlets 1, 160, 902 1,159, 919 CM o eo 14,671 3,615 24, 774 2,486 56, 920 247,843 14, 254 7,018 2,471 539, 464 SllSssi-ssSsI Number of systems reporting CM 1,850 1,844 565 (ncMoocimtocMO)*- • cm oo — * m — « CM 727 OCMUIOtONONOO^O oa^cocooooocooo oocmctj Region and State - Aggregate United States . Continental United States . . Northeast- . . . Connecticut . Maine Massachusetts _ New Hampshire . . Mew Jersey _ _ _ _ _ New York. . . . . . Pennsylvania _ _ _ Rhode Island . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . North Central . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Kansas. . . . Michigan . Minnesota . . . . . . Missouri . Nebraska... . . . North Dakota . . Ohio . . South Dakota . . . . . . Wisconsin . STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 71 i Includes such items as music scores, projectors and screens, rapid reading kits, and ceiling-projected books. Table 14. — Number of reference questions answered by population group served , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Q. I 1 100,000 and over S 125 14, 194, 518 124 14, 089, 316 3 208,810 6 221,501 4 783, 025 6 2, 503, 189 7 358, 386 1 76, 477 50,000- 99,999 9) 108 2, 135, 403 106 2,126,246 2 33, 032 1 18, 196 4 71,858 1 6,396 6 83, 293 4 61,840 4 14, 108 25, GOO- 49, 999 00 236 1,454, 327 234 1,439, 181 7 80, 463 1 26, 128 3 30, 199 12 227,317 9 71,234 6 24, 548 1 3,082 10,000- 24,999 r* 306 1, 022, 373 304 1,018, 975 5 26, 147 2 24, 449 6 21,634 3 6, 554 10 58, 151 11 29, 578 10 24, 319 1 13, 593 1 1,266 5,000- 9,999 to 228 402, 822 228 402, 822 4 2,562 5 13, 985 7 21,431 13 13, 155 9 21, 102 1 844 2 4,275 2.500- 4,999 in 173 177, 007 173 177, 007 8 2, 694 2 1,543 5 1,609 2 550 5 11,441 10 9,424 7 14, 945 1 1, 179 it ^CM * 185 87, 145 185 87, 145 5 368 4 330 3 1,550 3 1,176 5 3,801 11 5,821 2 925 1 71 2 410 Under 1,000 107 14,714 107 14,714 6 1,297 1 25 1 25 5 1,778 1 65 4 829 1 335 5 609 Total CN 1,468 19,488, 309 1,461 19, 355, 406 40 355, 373 11 70,671 33 362, 361 14 16,454 50 1, 188, 524 68 2, 695, 070 46 458,668 6 95,246 10 6, 560 4,275 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 73 2 2, 250, 571 4 269, 566 148,292 2 69, 733 3 868, 878 2 103, 983 1 59, 735 1 37, 438 6 1, 037, 072 2 438, 993 2 22, 958 j i 4 1 133, 335 7 98, 749 2 32, 305 2 18, 597 11 219, 483 2 23,271 1 3, 261 3 49, 562 1 510 2 41, 947 3 15, 427 1 6,410 . 1 29,447 s "S “I “I s' a « » s' s SS R a 2s co~ of -s > r^o Si 2 ~ CO *■“ 2§ ^ SS "8 ~s 8f 8 8“ 2 J <£> ^ 5 -Si - co~ ~ *S 40 CO o— « o> mcsj oco coo ^ —< •8 ~S R 5 -8 -53 -K 3 5 8" 2 2 a* 2 C5 2 S -i ’"g 1 "2 -| ~S co csT <» in to- oo esT s “*8 0,2 22 o' oo' *T -s ~g csT 22 =8 2~ "S co" CvT -T of 2 as "i ~~ ~i 1 "l csT co- « — f cvT 'R -P3 "S -g Sg °°| ~s "8 ^ ~- ”1 ^ "8 «- -r « 2S S2 2D; £§ S2 g2 £3 25 “Si 22 52 S2 253 22 -gg 2S I I i i I I I 2 5 Cvf — f 5 8T £ S Sf - 2 Tabic 14. — Number of reference questions answered , by population group served and by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 — Con. 1 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 75 3 66,985 18 1,568,023 1 756, 096 11,671 1 64,788 6 275, 669 105,202 ! : | s i i ! 1 s' i | 12 354, 817 1 1,421 1 13, 586 1 2,255 1 733, 302 2 9,157 i i 7,511 1,646 ! : | 14 127, 318 2 11,992 1 13, 399 2 6, 175 3 7, 681 5 54, 747 2 15, 146 i ; i : ! ! ! ! ! 2 15, 146 i i 30 148, 345 3 6,856 2 7,221 300 1,524 5 15, 106 3 21,247 3 4,722 2 3,398 2 3,398 i ii | 13 40, 002 3 2,035 2 577 5 5, 530 3 9,170 3 1,333 6, 280 4 3,379 5 3, 765 | j i ! ! | | i : j | 4 16, 139 2 235 1 3,283 1 573 4 333 5 6, 508 3 1,159 2 1,125 i | i | j i ! i i ! | i 1 5 1,940 3 838 2 704 1 50 1 50 8 3,434 75 2 7, 131 | ! ! i I i ! 1 | 3 238 8 700 5 115 j | | j ; i 1 j j ! ! ; ; j i i 3 66, 985 96 2,256,584 18 779,711 8 25, 184 10 12,628 1 13, 586 10 22, 748 34 101, 805 3 739, 657 28 363, 447 10 9,612 7 132, 903 2 3,398 7, 511 4 121,994 Table 15. — Number of bookmobiles in operation by source of major financial support , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Number operated by public library systems Other » 15 7 7 1 i i i ' I ^ !!:!!! i i i i i i mu Independ¬ ent branch of county library 14 ««|j j | 1 1 j ii i i i j Town and school district 13 CM CM | iH ^ j ^ : i in i i i iii iii iii iii iii iii i j j i | iii! ; ; j ! | City and county 12 169 169 1 i i i i • i ' II ^ • CO 2; cm iirsco*r—i ■ * l • CO i CM i i j j City and township 11 **|| i i i i i i i • i i i j m II III II III II III Regional 10 104 104 i i i 11 j : i ; j ;s i County 372 367 33 CDOO 101 6S S 02 £ Z 1 29 2 School or county district 00 fO *0 l/> * 33 ; ; ; ; : iii ; j is i i|| i i i Township and New England town r* 13 13 13 i i i i CM i i j i i i i i i i • i i i i i i i i i i i i i j i j i j j j i N il City, town, or village ID 155 154 35 C\l i • O CM ^frCMUO • 1 56 cDcomoocDuor^r-t* -hcmco^j- j Total in 880 874 89 CD • r**^ cm co co oo •— « CM CM 247 MCOCOOO j Number of systems reporting 697 693 77 CD 1 1 CD CM*— 1 CD CD i l 183 15 21 8 3 27 11 41 2 \innrv | Number directly operated by State library agencies M 39 39 14 i C l M CO *3* i i • i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 t • io j CM i i i CM i CM «-• iii ! Total number (columns 3 and 5) CM 919 913 103 CD CM O CD CO CO OO CM r-H CM CM vsz S assess™ M <2 CO 00 ! Region and State H Aggregate United States _ Northeast _ _ _ Connecticut.. . . . Moinn i 3 | New Hampshire . . . New Jersey . New York . Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 : : II Is > i i, 1 mini j j j i i i i i i i i i i i ■ Ohio _ South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin. . STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 77 ! I Table 16. — Number of bookmobiles by number of scheduled stops and by average number of days between visits , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 I ft CO 00 00 CM CM mcvjoOi— in in Jh Jh oo~hcmo>cm r^co»-*cMoooooo.-i . cm _ O c O E cnooooor^oocMCMCMoooooo ^ CM CO CD CO ^ O »h hs O) •cj’ O 0"> CO 00 CM *-« Si Sc c = S c •*- i CO o 'z: M n W n' TO 5r5 o o *- o to ; =£°^iiizzowi E S) TO «, TO _ _ __ co E 5“0 oo 3 - .e «o 5 iS-f TO O TO TO g TO;2 o «qu.u^jSSz STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 79 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 17. — Number of public library systems by hours open for circulation per week , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 Region and State 1 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States ... Northeast . . . Connecticut _ _ _ _ Maine _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ _ _ New Jersey _ _ _ New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island . . . . . Vermont . . . . North Central. _ _ Illinois . . . . Indiana _ _ _ _ _ Iowa. . . . . . Kansas . . . . Michigan . . . . Minnesota _ _ _ Missouri . . . Nebraska . . North Dakota _ _ _ Ohio - - - South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin _ South _ Alabama - - - Arkansas... . . Delaware _ Florida . . . Georgia _ Kentucky . . . . . . Louisiana _ _ _ Maryland _ _ _ Mississippi _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ _ _ _ _ South Carolina . . . Tennessee... _ _ _ _ Texas . . . . . . . Virginia _ _ _ West Virginia _ _ _ District of Columbia . . . . West . . Arizona . . . . . . California . . . . . . Colorado _ _ Idaho . . Montana . . . . . Nevada _ _ _ _ _ New Mexico _ _ _ Oregon . . . . . Utah.... . . Washington _ Wyoming. . . . . Outlying parts of the United States _ _ _ systems reporting Fewer than 6 6-12 13-24 25-42 43-60 61-72 Over 72 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6, 226 631 1, 288 1, 123 1,511 912 716 45 6, 212 626 1, 286 1, 123 1, 511 907 714 45 1,955 265 532 372 373 205 200 8 192 35 51 41 26 13 26 131 39 40 21 14 12 5 311 36 77 56 64 27 48 3 175 66 57 27 12 5 8 177 8 25 28 54 34 27 1 596 14 198 144 131 67 40 2 199 16 25 30 50 35 41 2 44 9 17 7 5 3 3 130 42 42 18 17 9 2 2, 513 248 530 458 652 331 283 11 282 6 41 57 99 34 45 245 6 26 34 96 49 33 1 355 60 116 66 76 14 21 2 224 42 42 40 59 20 21 237 2 53 51 55 36 35 5 164 14 31 39 38 20 22 162 3 23 30 47 38 20 1 222 48 64 52 44 9 5 62 26 15 6 9 3 3 221 2 16 24 64 70 45 79 11 25 15 17 7 4 260 28 78 44 48 31 29 2 1, 079 61 134 192 325 256 95 16 70 2 14 15 22 11 5 1 54 1 2 4 17 27 3 19 9 3 3 2 1 1 87 9 17 16 23 10 11 1 122 1 11 24 56 23 5 2 81 13 14 18 24 6 6 47 2 7 33 3 2 28 1 7 2 6 9 3 53 1 7 10 13 18 4 142 3 12 34 49 30 11 3 65 4 11 10 20 11 8 1 56 3 6 7 16 18 6 10 1 1 2 5 1 146 10 18 28 36 38 12 4 59 2 5 9 21 15 7 39 2 7 9 12 4 5 1 1 665 52 90 101 161 115 136 10 10 1 1 1 4 3 195 1 5 50 47 85 7 56 7 11 12 11 7 7 1 38 7 6 14 3 3 5 51 4 7 13 17 7 3 15 5 9 1 31 2 5 9 7 7 1 124 17 37 20 24 13 13 15 1 2 6 4 2 112 13 23 18 27 14 16 1 18 2 6 9 1 14 5 2 5 2 9 5 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 Alaska _ Canal Zone. Hawaii _ STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 81 Table 18. — Registration of borrowers in public library systems , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 Region and State Number of systems reporting Population of area served (1950 Census) Number of registered borrowers Total Adult Juvenile Undistributed l 2 3 4 5 6 7 Aggregate United Stales. . _ 5,431 108, 034, 927 30, 589, 909 14, 103, 514 9, 062, 531 7, 423, 864 Continental United States _ 5, 477 107, 444, 940 30, 439, 577 14, 026, 912 9, 009, 530 7, 403, 135 Northeast _ 1, 671 29, 927, S53 8, 256, 775 4, 282, 109 2, 455, 429 1, 519, 237 Connecticut _ 171 1, 895, 943 616, 569 311,786 190, 681 114, 102 Maine _ _ .. _ _ 89 405, 827 145, 105 55, 647 22, 606 66, 852 Massachusetts. ........ _ 257 3, 925, 364 1, 200, 088 628, 493 354, 025 217,570 New Hampshire _ _ _ . 119 446, 276 163, 769 77, 974 38, 582 47, 213 New Jersey _ _ _ ... _ 157 3, 279, 869 1,078,816 560, 507 312,061 206, 248 New York _ ..... .. . .. 586 13, 377,819 3, 520, 005 2,001,548 1,105, 901 412, 556 Pennsylvania _ _ 174 5, 922, 494 1,265, 027 541, 434 370, 718 352, 875 Rhode Island. _ ......... 41 478, 432 146,814 85, 095 50, 887 10, 832 Vermont _ _ 77 195, 929 120, 582 19, 625 9, 968 90, 989 North Central - 2, 294 31, 915, 597 9, 903, 902 4, 451, 385 3, 173, 851 2, 278, 666 Illinois _ _ 274 6, 245, 988 1, 760, 966 956, 324 636, 431 168,211 Indiana _ _ _ . 240 3, 070, 864 1, 067, 436 452, 053 347, 263 268, 120 Iowa.. . . . . . ... . 306 1,441,135 565, 572 256, 720 157,369 151,483 Kansas _ . ... . _ . 182 1,042,873 418, 170 205, 681 106, 493 105, 996 Michigan . . . . . 199 4. 437, 694 1, 246, 582 536, 074 362, 037 348, 471 Minnesota _ _ _ 161 1, 976, 860 607, 967 302, 867 238, 835 66, 265 Missouri _ _ 149 2, 742, 031 866, 006 331, 532 270, 786 263, 688 Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ 214 763, 380 291.821 66, 876 50, 249 174, 696 North Dakota _ 56 246, 136 97, 623 35, 067 29, 377 33, 179 Ohio _ 205 7, 251,157 1, 965, 309 757,714 620, 920 586, 675 South Dakota. . .... _ 70 289, 954 138, 532 65, 340 51,088 22, 104 Wisconsin . . . 238 2, 407, 525 877,918 485, 137 303, 003 89, 778 South _ 905 29, 973, 390 6, 451, 649 2, 827, 614 2, 065, 155 1, 558, 880 Alabama _ 59 1, 723, 397 386,273 131, 003 82, 499 172, 771 Arkansas _ _ 42 1,242, 925 260, 098 74, 351 68, 233 117,514 Delaware _ ... _ 19 250, 540 65, 835 32, 803 13,813 19,219 Florida. . . . ...... 63 1, 374, 472 366, 867 185, 527 89, 190 92, 150 Georgia. . . . 107 3, 252, 461 579, 341 246, 476 226, 333 106, 532 Kentucky _ .... 55 1,414,257 295, 512 117,938 78, 753 98, 821 Louisiana.. . . . _ ... .. 46 2, 242, 112 489, 097 243, 132 245, 965 Maryland _ . 28 1,843,358 439, 275 240, 966 152, 164 46, 145 Mississippi.. . . . . . 42 1,157,887 176, 385 23, 832 22, 430 130, 123 North Carolina _ 126 3, 220, 280 591,427 304,317 246, 845 40, 265 Oklahoma. . . . _ _ 59 989,010 374, 219 166, 056 106, 691 101,472 South Carolina _ ... . 54 1,628, 688 401, 942 129,816 135, 093 137, 033 Tennessee _ _ _ .. 10 1,519, 287 221, 947 134, 243 79, 602 8, 102 Texas. . . 110 4, 549, 037 1, 059, 743 455, 193 330, 158 274, 392 Virginia.. .. ... _ _ _ 47 1,697,425 379, 224 145, 137 80, 750 153, 337 West Virginia... . . 37 1, 066, 076 205, 760 82, 088 62, 668 61,004 District of Columbia . ... _ 1 802, 178 158, 704 114, 736 43, 968 West _ _ _ 607 15, 628, 000 5, 827, 251 2, 465, 804 1, 315, 095 2, 046, 352 Arizona... _ _ _ _ _ 9 302, 991 134, 460 88, 099 42, 589 3, 772 California . . . 183 9,812, 055 3, 638, 599 1,435,712 701,561 1,501,326 Colorado. _ _ _ . .. 50 814, 748 272, 425 82, 826 34, 458 155, 141 Idaho _ . . _ _ 32 180, 568 100, 409 35, 997 22, 529 41, 883 Montana.. . . ....... _ 40 360, 515 128, 280 53, 039 23, 664 51, 577 Nevada. . . . 8 84, 360 43, 369 21,329 10, 280 11,760 New Mexico . . . 31 364, 053 124, 087 13, 603 11,431 99, 053 Oregon . . .... _ 120 1, 194, 559 457, 829 245, 968 131,203 80, 658 Utah _ 12 165, 216 70, 954 18, 388 39, 997 12, 569 Washington . . . 108 2, 170, 542 797, 620 455,615 287, 306 54, 699 Wyoming _ ....... ... . . 14 178, 393 59,219 15, 228 10, 077 33, 914 Outlying parts of the United States _ 14 589, 987 150, 332 76, 602 53, 001 20, 729 Alaska. . . . . 9 33, 260 10, 282 247 331 9, 704 Canal Zone 1 53, 000 11,025 11,025 Hawaii 4 499, 727 129, 025 76, 355 52, 670 Table 19. — Number of public library systems by annual nonresident borrower fees, by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 83 oo oooor oo^r^csi >CMr^»-*coio in cm •-« cm oo oo co cd cm CMrJ-COCMCM— ^ OO CO OO CM CM CM «— • *—* ^ O U“> CM CO CD CD O »“• CM — 4 CM — ' COCOLOCMCD^-*OOr^OOCD' ^tCMCMCMOOiO — ‘ CO — • CM OO^-CMOOCD-hOO^OOO’ UOCMNiHph i»hCO CMOOUT5r-lr-4CM«— 'CO UOCOCDlOCDCDr^.» CO^tCMCVJtOOOfM^COlDO) O OO —H - •“ tr ^ tx ^ 2 &b to ~ O^QVO) ZO(Ohh>5o W <7- i: o S! oJ2"°^ S^= O-C c 2 5 “>.= -55 o •=15o5°Sa>£i2«>> *-H I 1 Of the 6,263 library systems reporting, 3,795 answered the question as to sex of profi Table 21. — Personnel of public library systems, by size of population served: Fiscal 1955-56 86 w Building staff g Part-time j> GO URV IA iH 'EY i S 00 CO <0 N*ei OF EDUCATK | cooooooomcocM^ NO^CVJONON co ^ cm cm ir> ON, 1 ** , 1 . CO . i 4-56 HCOCO Full-time 14 3,354 3,334 CO CD CM OO «-H •— < CO CM CM CM cnT 20 • F-» 1 Cl 1 1 1 1 u 3 10 Clerical and other Part-time 3 11,104 11, 046 ^ *3* co m cm co cm NOOPv(V)OO^tD vh OO CO *0- CM OO 00 IA • coocoo • CM CM 1 • 1 1 l Full-time 12 M M vH to oo r* 00 00 1 O CM O CM CM CM ID HHCO^t^tOCOtD i unr^oo CJD i 1 i 80 i i r- 1 IV i i fr5 6 / T Subprofessional Part-time a 4,423 4,402 orvincsjrvinoooo CO CD CO CM CO ir> oo oo Kj- kj* ^ co co 21 COCM v* • O Full-time 10 00 o o ^cnoiDMinrvrv M^OOfNpH<£)000 CO CD CO OO 13 " !co • i i i ' CM *3* Professional Full- and part-time Women 1 O 15,691 15, 620 CMOO^OCMinCVJ hsir)co«tc£)Cor^^ NrocncMOTrs^a XL ’“■< *3* co CD C-» — 'r-lCO Men i 00 1, 529 1, 527 •HOXfiCMoorNrsfs. CM 2 °° ^3 § H ^ • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i CM Part-time 3, 523 3, 522 ir>^}-coco^ooTt lONOOO^ONH Kj-oo^r^3-coco— *«m- R ^ i ^ Full-time <0 13, 894 13, 822 ^}-rVrHCM(0OOOtt 72 i i •-«— «co All personnel Part-time IA 21,744 21,657 1,439 2,384 1,893 2,133 2,817 2,519 1,984 6,488 S3 “"''ass Full-time * 30,159 29, 974 |”B88BSS8| 185 1 2 10 36 31 105 Total « 51,903 51, 631 sSssssSs! ^WN«V«U>V CM 272 9 4 14 57 71 117 Number of systems reporting CM as «T<0 1,134 1,523 989 840 888 472 219 184 1 S CO CM CM CM CM Population served »H 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 i i i j i : J{ i! !3 Under 1,000 . 1,000-2,499 . 2.500-4.999 . . 5,000-9,999. . 10,000-24,999 . 25,000-49,999. . 50,000-99,999 . 100,000 and over . Outlying parts of the United States * . Under 1,000 . . . _ 10,000-24,999... . 25,000-49,999 . 50,000-99,999 . 100.000 and over _ i 1 Of the 6,263 library systems reporting, 3,795 answered the question as to sex of STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 87 Table 22. — Number of public library systems by length of work week , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 Region and State l Aggregate United States,.. Continental United States. Northeast _ Connecticut . Maine . . . . Massachusetts . New Hampshire . . New Jersey _ New York . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Vermont . . . . North Central _ _ Illinois. . . Indiana . . Iowa . Kansas . . Michigan. . . Minnesota.. . . Missouri . Nebraska. . . North Dakota _ Ohio . . . South Dakota _ Wisconsin . . South . . Alabama . . Arkansas. . . Delaware . . Florida . . . Georgia . . Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana . . . Maryland. . . Mississippi . . North Carolina . Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee. . . Texas . Virginia . . West Virginia . . District of Columbia. West . Arizona . . California . . Colorado . . Idaho . . Montana _ _ _ Nevada. . . New Mexico. . . Washington . Wyoming . Outlying parts of the United States.. Number of systems reporting Length of work week Less than 32 hours 32-36 hours 37-39 hours 40 hours Over 40 hours 2 3 4 5 6 7 5, 085 2, 535 474 493 1, 328 255 5, 075 2, 532 474 492 1,322 255 1, 617 975 176 207 248 11 121 58 15 21 26 1 131 108 8 4 11 311 201 39 33 37 1 151 131 7 7 5 1 163 57 28 40 37 1 410 226 59 67 56 2 173 61 14 29 64 5 33 25 1 2 5 124 108 5 4 7 2, 025 1, 090 182 159 504 89 210 92 22 28 60 8 230 97 35 24 57 17 187 129 10 8 31 9 136 75 14 8 23 16 195 83 16 17 74 4 157 90 16 11 33 7 149 66 12 13 51 7 215 183 17 4 6 5 34 26 1 1 4 2 220 72 15 26 99 8 79 58 8 1 9 3 213 119 16 18 57 3 867 252 81 68 349 117 65 34 7 2 20 2 47 3 1 3 28 12 5 2 3 57 23 4 2 22 6 113 41 15 5 44 8 50 20 11 4 11 4 44 1 3 36 4 24 3 4 3 13 1 41 8 3 4 18 8 107 22 10 16 52 7 49 13 4 5 11 16 49 12 4 7 19 7 19 1 1 17 122 46 9 3 29 35 50 14 7 7 18 4 24 9 2 3 7 3 1 1 567 215 35 58 221 38 10 3 1 5 1 183 16 14 31 119 3 39 19 3 7 10 23 14 1 4 4 46 23 5 6 9 3 15 8 1 1 5 30 19 1 2 6 2 91 51 4 5 24 7 9 4 2 1 2 105 55 6 3 39 2 16 3 3 4 2 4 10 3 1 6 5 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 Alaska . Canal Zone. Hawaii . 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Table 23 .—Number of public library systems by civil service status of employees, by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 Region and State Number of systems Extent of civil service coverage reporting All Some None 1 2 3 4 5 4, 089 4, 078 207 184 3,698 206 181 3, 691 1,383 109 108 1, 166 116 1 1 114 103 103 223 4 33 186 New Hampshire _ _ 117 2 115 New Jersey _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 50 5 88 New York _ 439 51 65 323 141 1 1 139 Rhode" Island . . . . . . . . . 28 1 27 73 2 71 North Central _ _ 1,486 40 22 1, 424 Illinois _ 178 2 4 172 Indiana _ _ _ 162 3 2 157 Iowa _ _ _ _ _ 130 2 128 Kansas _ _ 129 4 2 123 Michigan . . . . . . . . . 177 11 5 161 Minnesota _ _ _ 91 1 2 88 Missouri _ _ 104 104 Nebraska _ _ _ 103 4 99 North Dakota... _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 27 Ohio _ _ _ _ _ 182 1 4 177 South Dakota.. . . . . 34 3 1 30 Wisconsin _ 169 9 2 158 South.. _ _ _ _ _ 737 24 16 697 Alabama . . . . . 54 2 3 49 Arkansas ------ .. _ 40 1 39 Delaware _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 13 Florida _ _ _ . 55 8 5 42 Georgia _ _ _ 89 1 2 86 Kentucky _ _ _ _ 41 41 Louisiana _ _ _ 38 2 2 34 Maryland _ _ _ _ _ ._. ... 23 2 1 20 Mississippi 47 1 46 North Carolina . . . . . . 104 104 Oklahoma . _ _ _ _ _ 39 3 1 35 South Carolina 44 44 Tennessee _ 16 1 15 Texas .. _ .. _ _ _ _ _ 73 2 71 Virginia 40 3 37 West Virginia _ _ _ _ 20 20 District of Columbia 1 1 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 89 Table 23 — Number of public library systems by civil service status of employees , by region and State: Fiscal 1955-56 — Continued Region and State Number of systems reporting Extent of civil service coverage All Some None l 2 3 4 5 West _ 472 33 35 404 Arizona _ . _ _ 8 1 1 6 California _ 166 27 31 108 Colorado . . . . . . 30 2 28 Idaho _ - . . . - . _ - . - 21 21 Montana _ _ . _ . . _ ... ... __ _ _ 30 1 29 Nevada . _ __ _ _ _ 11 1 10 New Mexico _ _ _ _ 19 1 18 Oregon . . . . . . 83 1 82 Utah _ _ _ 7 7 Washington _ _ — . - . - 82 1 1 80 Wyoming _ _ _ _ _ 15 15 Outlying parts of the United States . 11 1 3 7 Alaska . . . . 6 6 Canal Zone _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 Hawaii _ _ _ 4 1 3 505823—51 -7 Table 24 .—State library agencies: Book stock , circulationy and personnel: Fiscal 1955-56 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 91 1 1 1 ■ CM ' —< CM i Z OZ ;^ CM ' i ' < ii ii ;*"• ; \ 2^223 00 ro co cm to co oo co cj> j, 1 20 2 • in cd ICO CO r-l . 8 25 56 15 158 24 11 17 31 56 31 7 7 43 37 21 72 22 10 25 7 28822 8S8S8 3 1 7 12 49 37 8 22 13 26 7 54, 163 178, 188 41,511 98, 065 « 156, 348 11, 144 127,811 92,213 100, 474 167, 123 58, 964 is i 1 jsf j 3 289, 789 24, 788 51, 342 8,827 119, 234 27, 996 36, 263 326, 674 250, 000 71,613 3, 387, 000 128, 753 45, 720 900, 000 276, 249 654, 037 561, 248 203, 893 64, 774 250, 000 200, 000 126, 367 458, 872 348, 332 102,415 145, 172 44, 494 Table 25. — State library agencies: Operating expenditures and grants -in-aid: Fiscal 1955-56 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 93 Tabic 26.— Book stock and staff, by source of major financial support: Fiscal 1955-56 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, ! ! 1954-56 Total staff, including building staff Part-time 12 21,744 21,657 OinOMONHOTtO) CM CO nj- CM in CD OO *3- oo afCM~.-H%f 87 — « CO OO — « cm Full-time 11 30, 159 29, 974 o^M-cvjO)*HrHooinrvoo rlOCMOOLOLOrHinrH^- f^oooootncotnr*s co cnT 185 32 138 15 Book stock Number of volumes added during year Undistributed 10 1, 478, 880 1, 474, 550 cMCT>ior^»r^.«cr^j-LOco^i- o^isfoc^^Mmcooco COCT>IOCOOOOO*3-«-hOO of of in irf crT irT r*T o' r>T in cm o oo oo m OO *— * 4, 330 il ! ;*r ; By other means O 1, 024, 038 1, 018, 479 ^HCDOOCncTJOOCOCMOO inM-tDIOOOOM-M-ON c\f CM^coincorCo^coW cj)OOfOO)csicMO)rH in m 5,559 671 694 4,194 By purchase 00 9, 057, 641 9, 015, 522 ocototorvNotDrHO OOOCOCMCOCM^LO^LO 05cvjr>.rHinc\K0f^o^ co*Hoo 42,119 10, 152 27,015 4,952 Per capita .098 .098 rooomoiDcntocooorv OM-CMO)iocMr^rsrxf-4 —• ** O O r—* O O CM 680* .183 .068 .161 o Total <£ 11, 560, 559 11, 508, 551 5,858,933 620,911 749, 039 2, 144, 992 367, 573 217, 149 1, 108, 683 208, 383 14, 234 218, 654 1 a 10, 823 32, 039 9, 146 Per capita in 1.47 1. 47 !ooS2S5oonS 01 *1 1.66 .89 2. 22 Total 173,800, 266 173, 155, 537 89, 062, 760 12, 960, 213 11,674, 686 27, 992, 003 3, 550, 193 4, 189,334 15, 490, 233 2,999,830 216, 978 5, 019, 307 644, 729 98, 132 420,112 126, 485 Population of area served (1950 Census) 118, 193, 351 117, 607, 364 56, 885, 577 4,195,348 6, 001, 964 23, 734, 409 5, 572, 877 1,680, 453 14, 762, 971 2, 857, 640 51, 186 1,864, 939 s i 59, 194 469, 889 56, 904 Number of systems reporting CM ss «r«r cm%-t 14 Source of financial support - Aggregate United States _ Continental United States. . City, town or village _ _ _ Township and New England towns _ School or county district _ County . . . Regional City and township _ _ _ City and county _ _ _ Town and school district _ Independent branch of county library _ Other i . . . . Outlying parts of the United States... _ _ City, town or village _ _ _ County . . . . . . Other i _ _ _ _ _ l I i’s clubs, associations or endowment, but giving free public service. Table 27. — Circulation and operating expenditures , by source of major financial support: Fiscal 1955-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 95 Operating expenditures Expenditure for library staff salaries (included in total) Percent of total 3 61.0 61.0 3 InS 00 s 62.6 68.2 9.9 Expenditure 3 § s i t i i 59, 221, 193 3,655, 380 6,715,811 19,256,673 1,760,732 1,132,837 7, 882, 364 2, 993, 932 61,754 1,114, 577 s 5 107, 488 411,971 191 Expenditure for books and periodicals (included in total) Percent of total 3 CO CO 3 3 13.9 19.0 15.7 16.7 25.5 19.7 18.6 9.7 24.8 18.4 to a 14.8 ; 11.9 41.9 Periodi¬ cals 3 b a i i tT - 1,080,408 102, 602 128, 689 258,617 27, 325 41,232 177, 351 43, 589 2, 142 38, 169 11,153 1,750 9,328 75 O o CD 3 s s a a 5 * 12, 342, 252 1, 180, 371 1,605, 121 4, 741,315 755, 198 416,139 2, 345,513 445, 470 24, 324 368, 844 I s 23, 700 62, 551 729 Total operating expenditures 1 Per capita 3 $1.45 1.45 1.69 1.62 1.84 1.26 .55 1.38 .92 1.76 2. 08 1.29 3 H 2.90 1.29 .54 Expenditure S $171, 000,623 170, 222, 649 96, 263, 845 6, 763, 789 11,009, 847 29, 885, 139 3, 069, 873 2, 325,777 13, 566, 904 5,017,918 106, 720 2,212, 837 777, 974 171,681 604, 372 1,921 Population of area served (1950 Census) o> I 8 s i 56, 827, 764 4, 188, 016 5,981,255 23, 695, 525 5, 572, 877 1,680,453 14,741,510 2, 851,321 51, 186 1,712,361 532, 622 59, 194 469, 889 3, 539 Num¬ ber of sys¬ tems report¬ ing 00 S a* 2,810 1,045 376 532 83 338 449 90 47 420 a -a-coio Circulation Juvenile r* 222,668,968 221,279, 726 106,453, 908 10, 023, 156 18, 420,197 42, 637, 032 9,406,419 4, 786,016 24, 555, 824 1,467,510 344, 127 3, 185, 537 1, 389, 242 204, 312 1, 123,429 61,501 Adult CD 216, 527, 127 215, 103, 775 122, 846, 174 12,117, 644 13, 873, 335 32, 652, 557 5, 825,962 4, 015, 792 18, 239, 620 1,464,410 392, 969 3, 675,312 a S •* 256, 688 1, 012, 932 153, 732 Per capita " 4. 18 4. 17 S3 S8SSS3S 3 = ^ iriio^csiiocr>c4 ^ § •»* 8. 50 4. 55 Total 8 s S' S' S' s' co 242, 998, 806 23, 282, 869 35,272,017 95, 788, 371 15, 835, 000 8, 904, 770 51, 542, 873 7, 632,651 739, 675 7, 522, 463 8 2,866,706 503, 033 2, 136,361 227,312 Population of area served (1950 Census) CO s i s' s' s' s' 56, 723, 490 4, 174, 492 6, 001, 584 23, 631,037 5, 572, 877 1, 676, 957 14,810, 920 2,851,043 51, 186 1,830, 083 S i 59, 194 469, 889 56, 204 Num¬ ber of sys¬ tems report¬ ing CM 6,166 6,153 g ISIFijs ss a •a-coio Source of financial support rH il!i fill City, town or village _ Township and New Eng- School or county district. . County _ Regional City and township _ City and county _ Town and school district. . Independent branch of county library . . Other 4 _ _ _ Outlying parts of the United States _ 1 i i in i Table 28 .—Book stock and staff , by population group served: Fiscal 1955-56 96 Total staff, Including ^ building staff H 2 % Part-time t-1 m d IVETc CM ri r OF ** I ! | r-T ri Cl CM EDUCATION oi^cooop^cn^oo ! COOOCnrO-H^HCOCO *3- co oo *-« oo m CD nr •-•cm «-Tcm cm cmV-T crT , 1« P* CO )54— 5 6 OON^-rHOCM CM^r-H Full-time li 30, 159 29, 974 co o o cm co oo CO CT> LO CO CO *— • 1*^ CO CM CD CO CM CO «-h OO t—4 CO CO CO P*** 13S Book stock Number of volumes added during year Undistributed 10 1, 478, 880 1, 474, 550 9, 825 30, 199 21, 997 51, 323 158, 626 135, 970 111,479 955, 131 4, 330 I ! 1 ! o ' i i : i« i : : : r i ill ! ! ; ; ; ; : By other means O 1, 024, 038 1, 018, 479 r^r^r^o>oocMcoto or^oo^r^coLOCD »— < cn oo i — otor- «cn co* co oo coin coooor^rHrNOOcj 5, 559 sS i~i ! ! •—Too' ! By purchase 00 9, 057, 641 9, 015, 522 ^OOOIOCM^OO) r-'OM’COOOOCON cooorsMOLnorN co oo cxT of co" coin i-* CM OO CM OO lO O Wi r—4 CO CO CD i-4 CO CT> 42, 119 379 611 5,155 9, 029 4,523 22, 422 Per capita 860 • 860 *0 OOCDN^IOCDO oooo^-CMOCJ^oocn CM 1—* 1-4 fH 1-4 O O O 680* IsSSil Total <0 11, 560, 559 11, 508, 551 CO^COpHCDCOCSJCO ^ oo co i—4 cn oo o o CNOCDOOCOOCOO of of in 1-4 oo cm co comoio^cooco rH^-iONM-lOCOCO 52, 008 673 749 5,155 10, 256 12, 753 22, 422 Per capita m 1.47 1.47 6.85 4.17 3.10 2.21 1.62 1.31 1.18 1.22 1. 10 Total 173, 800, 266 173, 155, 537 4, 638, 596 10, 165, 551 10, 746, 276 13,117,730 22, 630, 412 21, 706, 942 17, 922,131 72, 227, 899 644, 729 13,711 10, 449 40, 626 113, 591 201,740 264, 612 Population of area served (1950 Census) M 118, 193, 351 117, 607, 364 676, 793 2,440,205 3, 468, 050 5,933,460 13, 937, 037 16, 553, 901 15, 163, 899 59, 434, 019 585, 987 2,404 3,614 27, 242 78, 357 121,350 353, 020 Number of systems reporting 1 Cl 6, 263 6,249 •tCOOSOOOCMO)^- COCMCOM'OOrN^- too 1 ^mooooo^CMH in CM CM CM CM r-H I Q. 1 fH 1 ji i! I Under 1,000 . . . 1,000-2,499 . 2,500-4,999 . — . . . 5,000-9,999 . . . 10,000-24,999 _ _ — - . - 25,000-49,999 . — 50,000-99,999 . 100,000 and over _ _ _ Outlying parts of the United States _ _ _ Under 1,000 . . 1,000-2,499... . . . . 10,000-24,999... . . . . . 25,000-49,999 . . 50 000-99 999 100,000 and over. . . . . Table 29. — Circulation and operating expenditures , hy population group served: Fiscal 1955-56 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 97 Operating expenditures Expenditure for library staff salaries (included in total) Percent of total 3 G1.0 61.0 8*99 13.7 24.2 59.7 68.3 76.7 66.2 Expenditure 3 $104, 314,903 103,795,253 334, 908 1, 399, 590 2,296,084 4, 226,919 10, 045,402 10, 839, 935 10, 931,491 63, 720, 924 519, 650 191 600 51, 136 117,944 62, 282 287, 497 Expenditure for books and periodicals (included in total) Percent of total 3 15.3 15.3 Ssssss^sJ 12.6 LO <£> OO C\j CO «— i Periodicals 3 5 3 S' t s' - 26, 523 80,617 98, 364 128,210 257, 794 235, 456 196, 677 876, 483 11, 153 75 950 2, 006 1,361 6, 761 Books a $24,311, 527 24,224,547 229, 179 696, 445 877,111 1,416, 999 3, 037, 403 3,300,088 2, 705, 345 11,961,977 86, 980 557 685 13, 000 22, 466 8,878 41, 394 Total operating expenditures 1 Per capita 3 3 3 si - 1.26 1.32 1.34 1.33 1.27 1.12 1.18 1.68 3 .68 .69 3.15 2.21 1.19 1.23 Expenditure S $171, 000,623 170,222, 649 842, 400 3,172,792 4, 604, 262 7,857,288 17,587,908 18, 541,046 17,754,501 99, 862, 452 777, 974 1,390 2, 479 85, 705 172, 778 81,171 434, 451 Population of area served (1950 Census) o> 1 a 3 § 3 3 666, 868 2,411,751 3,439,218 5, 889, 637 13, 809,014 16, 553, 901 15, 097, 860 59, 434,019 532, 622 2, 039 3,614 27, 242 78, 357 68, 350 353,020 Number of systems report¬ ing 00 3 I «r «r 1,117 !,507 980 833 879 472 218 184 a CM CVJ CM — i 1 I Juvenile r* 222,663,968 221, 279, 726 1, 759, 003 6, 145,615 7, 873, 976 13, 259, 424 32, 736, 991 36, 486, 979 32, 244, 292 90, 773, 446 a i H 901 29, 435 379, 950 362, 633 616, 323 Adult <0 216, 527, 127 215, 103, 775 1,859,405 6, 487, 952 8, 836, 230 14,710, 836 32, 731,812 29, 573, 880 25, 386, 148 95, 517,512 1,423,352 . . ‘599 131,867 198, 566 281, 134 811,186 Per capita in 4. 18 4.17 lb irfu-Suw 4.90 7.09 2. 29 7.21 7.38 5.31 4. 04 Total a s i $ 1 § ei co 4, 279, 450 13, 900,017 18, 636, 589 30, 262, 280 69,156,772 68, 930, 594 63, 566, 529 220, 787, 264 a i IN 12, 079 8,284 196, 551 578,516 643, 767 1,427, 509 fill! ro 117, 908, 956 117,323,669 655,915 2,398,403 3, 380, 928 5, 893, 674 13, 922, 037 16,553,901 15, 084, 792 59,434,019 585, 287 1,704 3,614 27, 242 78, 357 121,350 353, 020 Number of cm a 2 (O (0 isissSSas a CM CM CM CM »-« Population group served lH ill! pp Under 1,000 . 1,000-2,499 _ 2,500-4,999... . . 5,000-9,999 _ 10,000-24,999. . . 25,000-49,999 _ _ 50,000-99,999 _ 100,000 and over . Outlying parts of the United States _ Under 1,000 . . 1,000-2,499 _ 10,000-24,999 _ 25,000-49,999 _ _ 50,000-99,999 _ 100,000 and over . 1 i ±1 3 13 Appendix Form 8-071 1955 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION. AND WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON 25. O. C. PUBLIC LIBRARY STATISTICAL REPORT (City, town, county, and regional) Budget Bureau No. 51-R022.5. Approval expires June 30, 1957. Report for fiscal year ending (POST OFFICE ADDRESS) (Month, day, year) If an item is not applicable to your library, write in "O.” thus leaving no space blank. Use figures for your last fiscal year. Libraries which operate museums are asked to omit museum data. DO NOT write in this space State . . Serial No . ... Type . . . . Size . Vols . . . . . GENERAL 1. Name of library . . Year of founding . 2. Name of chief librarian . . Date appointed . . 3. Who appoints the chief librarian? . _ . . . 4. Check governmental unit(s), district(s), or area(s): (а) Of support: City □; town □; township □; school district □; county □; regional □; other □ (б) Of service: City □; town □; township □; school district □; county □; regional □; other □ 5. If a county or regional library, check item(s) which apply: ' (o) Part of county government □; (6) part of both city and county government □; (c) municipal or other library serving county by contract □; other □ specify . 6. Population served (1950 United States census) . If a later official estimate is available, please give that also, and indicate specific source . . 7. Size of area legally entitled to service (approximate number of square miles) . . . 8. Terms of use: (a) Free for lending to residents of governmental units served . . (check) □ (6) Open only to paid subscribers or members of association or organization . (check) □ 9. Number of hours the central library is open per week: (a) For circulation . (5) For reading and study . 10. Number of days central library is open during year . . . Number of days open per week . . ... AGENCIES An agency is any place, such as central library, branch, subbranch, station, or bookmobile station, that, as an integral part of the public library system, distributes books or otherwise renders library service to the public. A branch is an auxiliary library with separate quarters, a permanent basic collection of books, a permanent staff, and a regular schedule. A subbranch is a small branch open fewer hours than the central library and the regular branches and giving only partial branch service. A station is a place from which books are distributed but at which there is no permanent collection or library staff. 11. In the table below give the number of each kind of library agency you have according to the type of building in which it is housed. Do not report bookmobiles in this table; see item 12. AGENCY Building Used Solely for Library Purposes SCHOOU 'uwtuSr i co™, i OTHe. Prison, etc.) | Center j TOTAL Buildinir Owned Buildinir Rented Central library . 1 1 Branch . Subbranch . Station (exclude bookmobiles) Total . :z:t . r tii i . ; 12. Bookmobiles: (а) Number of bookmobiles operated for circulation purposes . . . (б) Number of different regularly scheduled service stops (i. e. physical locations at which stops are made — count each stop only once) . (e) Average number of days between visits to regularly scheduled service stops . . . 13. Does your public library lend collections of library materials to individual schools for classroom collections? . Yes □; No □ To the centralized school libraries? . . YesJD; No □ 99 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 BOOK STOCK* volume is any printed, typewritten, mimeographed, or processed work, bound or unbound, which has been cataloged or fully prepared for use. A single issue of a periodical is not to be considered a volume unless it has been cataloged separately. 14. Number of volumes at beginning of year . 15. Number of volumes added during year: (a) By purchase (6) By other means 16. Number of volumes withdrawn from record during year 17. Total number of volumes at end of year . 18. Number of book titles added during year . CIRCULATION AND USE OF BOOK STOCK* In the table below give number of volumes according to definition under Bbox Stock. Count one for each volume, pamphlet, or periodical lent for home use, from central library or any agency, and each renewal. Do not count as circulation, books sent to another library agency within the same system where home circulation is counted. In no case should circulation be estimated. Count adult periodicals as nonfiction. Do not include circulation of miscella¬ neous stock here but enter in item 25 (d). Volumes Circulated From— TOTAL Agencies. Including Central Library (Exclude Bookmobiles) Bookmobiles 19. Number of volumes for adults lent for home use: (a) Nonfiction . (6) Fiction ... . (c) Total . 1 . 20. Number of volumes for children lent for home use: (а) Nonfiction . (б) Fiction . (e) Total . 1 i ; . 1 21. Total number of volumes lent for home use .... L . ' . 22. The period of loan for the majority of adult book stock is . days. 23. Number of interlibrary loans: Volumes lent _ _ _ ; volumes borrowed (An interlibrary loan is the loan of a book between libraries which are not integral parts of the same system.) 24. Number of reference and reading aid transactions . . . (include all transactions in which library resources for reference, research, and advisory service have been made available through direct assistance of a staff member. Exclude questions involving only direction of readers to shelves. ) NUMBER AND CIRCULATION OF MISCELLANEOUS STOCK ITEM UN CATALOGED Pamphlets Pictures, Prints Maps Film-Strips Microfilms ' (Titles) Films ' (Titles) Recordings • (Titles) OTH« . (a) Number added during year . . . (5) Number withdrawn during year . (c) Total at end of year . (d) Circulation . 1 If another unit of measurement is used, please indicate. 1. Number of newspapers currently received excluding duplicates . 27. Number of periodicals currently received excluding duplicates . . . . (A periodical is a publication appearing at regular intervals of less than a year and continuing for an indefinite period. Give your definition if it differs from this.) REGISTRATION* Adult Juvenile Total 28. Total number of registered borrowers . 29. Borrowers registered or reregistered during year . 30. Number of nonresident borrowers (included above) .... 31. What annual fee is charged to nonresident borrowers? . . . 32. The length of the registration period is . years. •If separate^tatistica are kept for an organized young people's department, please check here, □; and if possible, give data on a separate sheet for Circulation as requested in item 21; for Registration in items 28-31; for Book Stock in items 14-18; for Expenditures for Books in item 74; and for Periodicals in item 75. 2 SSSSS55 « SSSn STATISTICS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES 101 ; “all janitorial"; etc. . PERSONNEL DEFINITIONS (Approved by A. L. A. Board on Personnel Ad -as aassasaaasss: rr.r: ~ • — — ' ■l,S>hJli.TSd ssau’csr whichf" r ^ SEMRS SftSSSS T. and cferiwf ab!l“o1rThiih or^!TutXno?Ald?»SknJwik^0oM"«0rh™ 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 4-5 6 FINANCE 56. Source of tax support if not from direct levy for library 57. Total endowment, trust, and invested funds, exclusive of building funds, $. during year, $ . . . Total additions to endowment 58, Unexpended balance from previous year ■ $. RECEIPTS (Make entries in terms of dollars only; omit cents) 59. City or town levy or appropriation . . . $ . 60. County levy or appropriation . 61. Township levy or appropriation 62. School district levy or appropriation 63. For contract service : (а) From school board . . $ . . . (б) From county or other library . .. 64. State grants : (а) For books (whether purchased by State or by local library from State (б) For salaries of local librarians . . 65. Income from endowment, trust, and in¬ vested funds . 66. Gifts (money only, do not include prin¬ cipal of endowment gifts) .... 67. Petty cash (fines, fees, memberships, etc.)1 68. Rental book collection ’ . 69. Other sources (enumerate) : EXPENDITURES ( Make entries in terms of dollars only ; omit cents) Operating Expenses: 72. Salaries: Library staff . $ . 73. Salaries: Building staff . . 74. Books: (a) Adult' $ . . . (6) Juvenile’ . . . . . 75. Periodicals: (а) Adult . . (б) Juvenile . . . . . . 76. Binding and rebinding, repairing and mending * . 77. Audio-visual materials (films, recordings, etc.) . . 78. Rent . _ 79. Heat, light, power, water . 80. Insurance (all types) . . 81. Other operating expenses . . . . 82. Total operating expenses . $ . . 83. Transfers of funds for contract service . 84. Capital Expenses: Buildings, Sites, Additions, Etc . . . 70. Total receipts 71. Total balance and receipts . 85. Grand Total Expenditures 86. Balance on hand at end of fiscal year 87. Total expenditures and balances . 1 If petty cash receipts are turned into the treasury of the appropriating unit, stale amount collected here but omit in table . 1 If rental collection receipts are turned into the treasury of the appropriating unit, state amount collected here but omit in tab a Include amounts spent by the State from State funds for books furnished the local library. ' If the library operates a bindery, or repairing and mending department, give amount spent for salaries of bindery force last f REPORT OF PROGRESS Include on a separate sheet any unusual increase in facilities or special development in any lim. Date . . Signature . . . Title of officer reporting . U. S. GOVERNMENT HUNTING OFFICE : l«S— 0-34SB7S For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office. Washing'.c O c. GPO 920902 PS-60-59 United States penalty for private use to avoid Government Printing Office payment of postage, *30o DIVISION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS (GPO) Washington 25, D.C. OFFICIAL BUSINESS If you do not desire to continue to receive this type of publication, please check here □; tear off this label and return it to the above address. Your name will then be removed promptly from the appropriate mailing list. O Cm f-r H i — I H U\ a) m c Cfj u T3 Ch

© © © © 00 © © t}< l> © t* t'- tP©©CO II S II cq-©© — ©©©©Tf©Tt< 90 ©Tf Lawrence . Leake . Marshall . Newton . Noxubee . Panola . Perry . Pontotoc . Quitman . Scott . Sharkey . Simpson . Smith . Sunflower . Tallahatchie . Tate . Tippah . Tishomingo . Tunica . Walthall . Webster . Wilkinson . Group B . Franklin . George . Rankin . Stone . Group C . Attala . Claiborne . Copiah . Humphreys . Lafayette . Madison . Montgomery . Neshoba . Prentiss . Union . Wayne . Winston . Yalobusha . Group D . Alcorn . Clay . See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 3. — Staff , enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools 1 in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total number of schools ( 5) 15 © © © © 04 © © ^ © © Wt* © 04 Stf 04 © 965 301 ©oowoib-o© co — i Tf* co b- © co 85 34 13 38 230 i- © 04 © Average daily attendance Secondary 14 o © © © oo ©00 00© »H 04 -7 CO oi 04 5,043 1,922 556 2,565 11,120 1,716 2,609 Elemen¬ tary M O- 05 00 © b- b- © Ttt © co — co ^ oo b- co oo co b- © 04 ■<* CO CO 04 * © 04 ©©©o0©0©— ' -^b. CO b- — 1 rf © CO © b- 238,020 69,641 ©— I00©®hJ< — 1 | TbOOC©©©© 1 ©0«K©M0 ©s)00© COHNMOlHNrtHCI 9,414 2,674 ©©o©©©b- © © © rp © 04 Tj< 04 — ' 04 ■$< © 855 317 101 437 096 ‘I 293 485 Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals COiOiOi-HCOCO^Ot^^O -iO»Ot^'^t-oi>r>.C50oo^ ^M'-O’tXCOWNCiNC'.ND C0050505C5*DCOCOf^ — CdOSCOCD NNONOCOONMNOCCOO — co^oooici-oooioioi-oi-ococdoo — — — Cd' — * C5 to CD ooeooot>oscot^i^cooeo 00 c iocoi>co io co ^ eo ©CdCO-tf ! - r-H • coooi> eo — lo-^iouocdTfCdio 6,117 1,915 t^Ol^'COt^OCd^COO'^t-OSCO OOOCOIOOOCO — CdOOOOOOOCd-^Cd — — — — Cd CO Cd 321 0^4^05 iQDOO 1,658 Cd CO *C5 ©•*< 000 CO 73 COTjCDTft^t^ 434 CO lOOOCOCOOSCO — COt^-tfOOt'-Cdt-CS 38 t> CO 108 2^3 eo _4) 3 d Lincoln . Nash . Union . Group D . Beaufort . Chowan . Cleveland . Lenoir . Pitt . Rockingham . Scotland . Surry . Vance . Wayne . Oklahoma . Group A . Adair . Beaver . Coal . Delaware . Dewey . Ellis . Grant . Haskell . Latimer . Lincoln . Love . Major . McCurtain . Roger Mills . Sequoyah . Group B . Cimmarron . Harper . Jefferson . Johnston . Group C . Alfalfa . Atoka . Blaine . See footnotes at end of See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 3. — Staff, enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools 1 in rural counties, by region. State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total of schools ( 6 ) 15 eo o co in oo ■«* to © to co oo 457 Tj-©oo ©eo eo in ,-H eo — i in eo in iO00©t>©©C0-H coohhh nhhn hconn 66,647 16,925 3,035 2,518 5,793 5,579 Total oo © eo eo co h- oo eo oo co to eo © © © © iN ©©©©cot^-Hcot}-'- U>t^b-©-i'-iM©© ©©©0©©f^©0t^t-©Tt<©b. © © © © o © eo -h © © © t}< eo eoco^H(N'H-^(N-i(NCO^-i^HeoiNN 80,306 20,942 3,855 3,132 7,161 6,794 Total O' oo © oj oo © ©©-H©r-©©©t^ ] CO CM CO CM *-H ^ CM CO ^ rH CO ^ CO CO 113,422 28,621 5,518 3,998 9,989 9,116 Number of instructional staff positions Other instruc¬ tional staff 4 OS i m z z : Classroom teachers Women t- ©©©©©©» O— lOOCOOt^OO IN rH HH 1,469 Tjt © © eo IN N tJ< © © o © © © © h- -1 © 00 b- Tt< n © n ** oo eo 1-1 © 3,010 751 ©*00*--CO©COCO CM HH HHHH HHHH 1 3,770 940 © w © « «-H — I© (N Total admin¬ istrative staff s Tf ^ I Tt< co co CM ©r-»©©t^o | © © © M M © « r. CO c ■<«<© — -H MW© X ^COIOIO COCO | f-H T}< © Tf M T}< TJH | ©-*©©■<}<© N M CO | a o — © t^© — © © ©o©© I © IO 1 Tt< ©M©M©^-^ © ©©MO- — CM 05 CO © ©© o co X COMCOOO ©CM N'fWMOON© M — M©©M© M 00 Tt< CM OO O CO X t>» CM 00 © tf — ooo I © ©© ] © ©©©•.© 1 © Tf TjH | X ©00©W©©© f-H rJ<©©T}<©t^ CO CO M © CO © ©05 — o ©M» © oO ©CCl^OO 1 ! 00 1 © 1. 1. © © 'i' © M 1 1 92 © rf © tf M *Q co 00 CO C CO o ©©«©■<}< — Tt< I © ©©■^CC© o 00 t. © © © 1 co ©©©©©©© 1 ^ ©©t.^1 ©« CO CO M M : l © 1 1 CO 1 © NM'fM © COCO | ©MM -H^© MM— ©MM © l ^ CM C5 00 — © ©©« t.00 © 00 1 ^ CM 05 © 2 ©CO j CM — M — © — «© 1 © ©•^©©t.© N t. if) if. M — — CCOOtT Tf © © «— ' CM © ©CO 00 © t>. O © t. t}h X ©f.©©© — CO 05 MM© 05 — ©M © © r-, r-, CM ' CM — M — — — — — X tt 1 CO C5 ^ ©©"S' ©00© © CM 00©O — CO ©© -■ O © © Tf © r. x © ©M— ©©— © X cc o CO COO o CM CM CM© 1 — t^co © 00 M — M M CO — — — ©M— — M— M ^ CM CM ^ CM CM “ 1 •<* M CM ^<© r^©® J 00 CM CO 00 f. 00 © 00 © ©t>. ^4 ©©©©©co© © M © M © © N CO CM rc L.O I ^ CM -HCO tr © — CM ©00© o r~ ©©»© T*< — © 1 u MM©©t^© — IO t.©© — — M CM coos C5 ©f-© ©CM *-< 00 © M©»© X ©© I •- © T- — TJ< © M © CM M — © — © M — M M © CM ^Ht^CO CM © M — MM CO M©M — — MM —MM— MM lO - CM C5 COO 1C 000500 © X fO-t©© © ^ CM 00 ©T}<©©©©© © © © © © © CM CM CM CO CM CO © r Z i: a o a a o a = o CM O c c »® © « c ’a £ --g.S OOSE- O O. rt c *sH C *5© • T3 O • © § ? s o a I § ||1 g| o s- cs © .E *2 ic c c «G ©&|f MAS H See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 3. — Staff, enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools 1 in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total number of schools ( 5) 15 IN *0 CO O CO 05 t)1 -h — , N m CD lO O 00 *0 CO O CO *0 05 i— I 05 -h (N CO 00 -h 05 *C CO *0 O "Si CO r}i Tfi (N CO O CO 05 CO 00 r- 1-« O 1-H CO T}< rH CO Tji CO CO 05 -1 *0 CO COCKN^HNH-KO Elemen¬ tary 13 3,998 6,445 3,680 2,767 4,158 177,888 29,384 NOSMMiOCONiOONNTtiOJHNlNOOOOSOi-i^Tti COt^Tfi IN 0500 00 ClC50i#0)NOHN0005000CONT|i (M *0 T)i *0 05 i-i 05 Hi< -^1 *C (N -H ^ CD 1-H IN Tji 1-H eo O 00 00 CO (N *Ci CD *0 CO CO CO ^1 *0 O O CO (N IN CO 1C CO 00 *0 Hf (N 00 -i O O -< -h 00 O rf IN CO h}< O CO 00 IN 00 ■>* 00 CO 05 CO U- •-H CO *0 IN t> t- CO nil O IN 1-H COt- CO IN N *D i-H CO i-h IN CO Elemen¬ tary 10 4,434 7,000 4,002 3,126 4,447 203,630 33,631 00 CO CO hP If Q Hji CO 00 CO 05 00 *o CO *o IN IN CO *o *o CO O b- *o iO C5 05 -1 IN 00 O 1-H CO 05 1-H N *C ^1 00 00 CO -H iO 00 1-H c 05 IN CO CO IN Ht CO -H *C *C *0 i-h 05 O i-h O 05 CO CO *C i-h lO i-h Tti | 1-H —H N Hji 1-H -H (N i-H N 1-H 1-H i-H COIN Total O' 6,093 8,881 5,300 3,887 5,855 271,646 45,290 co o *o os o *o co ^h hji oo *o 05 hji oo i-h i-h co i-i Tf 05 co NN05-Hit05*OOCOWCOiOCI05NtDOCICDH|i(NOON coHt-Ht>iioior^r-rHiot>i^-iHti(N05i-Hr-*or»coi-H || INN Cl CO H n CO NN HH IN i-H if CO Number of instructional staff positions Other instruc¬ tional staff * CO rH Tf r-l CO 172 27 “T~!f nrliiTil Classroom teachers Women l- m^ncoo r— co co 05 r- HNH 1—1 CO (N N t-u CO 00 i-h IN b- O Hji rH *C o Hj< *D IN 1-H b- 00 tP CO M5 CO CO 00 CO Hjl CO hP Tji HN CO IN 00 00 »D Tjl o IN IN 05 tP CO CO CO IN Hp IN TP 00 Men VO WONN00 1C C0 CO » 3,584 621 CD -h tP IN 00 05 © O 00 IN CO CO CO 05 CO -1 CO 00 >-H 00 O CO CO .-H CO IN 1-H CO b» IN IN tP 1-H rH CO TP N H 1-H CO IN i-H CO CO Total Ifl *C rj* 05 00 00 O) CO 1-1 1-H ^-i>oooeo COCO— ii-H>OTjO''C‘''t|in''3,C3‘0 CDt^OOO— iCOeMCMOCCMiOeOPCCM-C't-CS-^-^t^^HOOCSi-OCMiDOOOO^C'OCCOOm — NO00 00'- .^H'<#05t^i>.ooo500CM'toooeM— '•'tcoocMcoos t^ooc:o;-H'T|Tt-Ot^.OOPOt~COOO>000»- C0P»C0OC5*-C00kCTfCTfTtir}iO( CO CM -H -H -H CM* *h‘ i-Tcm'c NU5P5005 t^p-ooucco ■cf IOOPC—I CM05C0^O0500PCt~PC'^,00»0eMOC0c0i0-^--|iOi0CMCCO00i0TjOi-l05CMi-HiO'--'Ct^C-1COCM»-i'^OCO«OOOcO’-''-'00050'ft^COOCO'-iCMOOOt^ PCt^C0b'CMP^t^O-Hf^00 00 i0‘OC0t^'-i-H'-'CC^>-if>.05000005t-i0l>.CC0000»0C0O05iO00 ■«} O O n\ W Q i^awMaasSfcStf * a ... 3 fejgjs.s'd z P'5 ©t_ 2§-SJg^|g-3 mocoqE-'EhE-'!>>h g -S 2 2. © • c ^ aQj? B&gp o o a c 53 See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 3. — Staff, enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools 1 in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total of schools ( 5 ) i n CO CO OJ CO (N CO »-h 752 »0-H(N(M©r-irJ'©©Ti'rt 1 26,307 ©t^©. CONOrfi-rt^OOOOcSINC-iOO^rtOlffiaoOO ©iO-^-^OTj'U5rl<©©00Tt"4<©C0©©-^©^O©U3 Elemen¬ tary CO CO — i co ^Tj©Tj'©t^©|>00Tf' OOMNO- iO©C0©O©r-,J^C0t>t-©CO^<00-iU50© ^^^^COi-H^lr-KNIMCO^-l-H^HeOINIM^CVKNeoeOi-l Total e* © iO 00 CO © OS CO 00 ©lococo-^cococo eococor^-^Ti'oot'' [ rj'-Hrf'eoeOTt'cocN 105,216 COt^©©©U3COUO<- !©-<COt^''tfeO'-i COt^t^CDO-i©t~iO © -^< © © © ^U0(N'C)<©-^t^©OSTj'Tt't^TlH--lC^Tl©00b-©-HO 1 U5oo©Tf©-Hco ©Tj(Nt-T}'CO-H(NOO t^©00-H©t>.©©M-HCO©»O»U5©»OU3rf-HiO©© ©CO-i(NU3,-iU5eO'^-HCOCOU5'cl'(N Number of instructional staff positions Other instruc¬ tional staff 4 OS 04 • • Oi • • • | 00 — H • — H lO • -rli-HNCO • • —1 CO © r-< *0 ■<* TP -CO ■ Classroom teachers Women t- O 04 00 O 00 CO *0 lO lO CO tf''i'C'UO»OOOCOb- -OOOOOf- • Total instruc¬ tional staff CO © Tt< © U3 © © -H U5 CO 00 © O b- © —1 .© O©00t>Or^©t^©Tf©00 00'C'r-t^«>iooo©oo©iN>ooot-Nco© Region, State, and group 2 Henderson . Lee . Milan . Panola . Red River . Shelby . Upshur . Wise . Group D . Anderson . Cherokee . Clay . Collingsworth . Falls . Fisher . Floyd . Gillespie . Gonzales . Grimes . Guadalupe . Hall . Hamilton . Haskell . Hill . Hopkins . Houston . Jack . Jackson . Karnes . Lamb . Limestone . Lynn . 388 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 105 NaiOMNNKJiOOOH ! ricqco—i (Ncocsoco | 2,617 05 o 05 216 107 CC O ^ O CO O ^ 1 65,511 435 435 435 8,633 3,747 wNCO-nOiON | N^OOiOTfO OOlOCOCO 05 t>» 1 956 956 3,930 2,004 735 1,191 14,601 1,229 I 8 L oo «o C lO I — uOt^cO 05 1- 948 948 00 t- CO 1,960 646 1,172 15,097 1,289 00 05C0Oa>01U3«5 05© — CO 000*DiOt^cD05(N — ON CO ^ CO O 05 CD t'. iO o 05 o | hhnh HN I 2,963 896‘3 12,977 7,407 2,102 3,468 43,859 3,453 220 | 2,152 4,588 4,418 1,899 1,441 2,565 3,669 3,581 2,117 7,290 4,505 $ 1C h eo 1 u GO ! oOTj4 eo 1 05 1 j CO | 1 co lOOSOHCJN-HOiON CO — iO o ©©05OO04C0©C0'4i© CO 04 -H © 04 04 (NINO -H 04 -H CO 4< 04 rH 04 IN Elemen¬ tary 13 487 1,101 1,499 18,306 C5(NrHOO4iT)i(N’H(N00lNNOl®C0(»O 0 41 COOOO©-4< ©©CO © CO 41 © 00 CO 04 00 04 05 © 05 © 00 rH CO Total w 698 1,468 2,072 25,102 05©©COO(NCO©t^OO©OOlN©05CO'4l©05ON OHIO 19,606 ©rtfOOOO©©©— !CO©O5-. tJ< rH © COrtf ©00C004©C005-hO©0504C0 Total © 736 1,531 2,174 26,676 rtf00t^-*05© 0400 — Irtf050004© 00 00-tf©© — l©04rH©04©04© ©f-©t^rtf © 00 04 O CO rtf — i rtf CO 05 CO — i -1 — I 04 CO rH -1 rH 04 04 -1 'HHINO) hhCIMN-ihh i Total © tOO< N to O CO 1,543 04©-4<000©©©-H04'4(0405©Ot>.©C5©©t^04©©©t^CO ©©cocor-©co©©co^H© 04 rtf os t- in -h © 04 1- 05 © eo © -h co Total admin¬ istrative staff * IN CO CO to 08 rtfrHO4C0rtfTtfrtfC0C005rHrtf •rHrH-< ■-C 05 O — «N3HON^O(N OHNOHSKOflOOO —ICO 05 050 -iCMN 1-0 T? 05 co oo ^ CUNN NHMNO voncioo COOOOOCOOO©CO^<© ^ O CO -*> 5 6 ■ a . • a os ! • • J • • 2 > . • o fe l> £ ••St.'s! £ v * g-g-fi'C g 1 £ & £ £ = ■O © o 3 ®.S o rji CO CD CO cO>n05'-<05(N(MCD'-i05l-in^050 COCDCMCOOSQOOOIM— -i 05 -h co co co 0001^05001-00502 0(Ncoco 01—1 oT HH -h ,-H if eo -ieOiOeOeOifeOHHiOD 05 IN CO —i — (N—ir- © oo eo co © t- — i Tf Tt< O (N 2,644 4,217 1,886 2,331 24,726 1,519 1,519 17,516 00Tfi©©©t-©©t- t-i ©0©©©©0©iC< © © oo eo t}4 os o t»4 o b- © i-H -4 © i-H © 5,691 32,746 500 500 24,469 t-— iooeoco©©(N t— ©©N©— '©CO co r- eo © ^ © IN ©‘ l-T -4' 4-4* -4* 00 •N 00 828 1,319 594 725 6,704 354 354 4,857 ©00©©©OOt--< eo © t- oo t- © nn-^dwocooco © ©©iieoN©cq(N4)i || in -1 iHtJIHW’^ © 5,259 S N ° ■* 1 "II 473 22,574 NNNCOOOONN lOOTfCCOOQOJO ,-H F-H © ( Tj 00 IN 2,886 4,592 2,061 2,531 28,442 608 ‘ I 608 ‘I 19,881 i-i©t-©©H«H<©© 1 IN Tj4 00 O©©-Ht-©© 1© oooo©^oir-©©oo || t- 6,752 39,318 597 597 29,375 2,820 18,834 584 1,897 1,817 1,114 1,565 744 IN n o © : 32 20 • • —I iM©NMN | 00 oo 1 67 58 IN N ^©(N-cJi • 05 79 | 165 05 CD t>oo 705 46 46 613 7}INM©ONCOOOO © nniiiHioTiiTf©© t»4 146 1,114 21 N j 819 n©4t04tcoN© 00t-IN©'^"^© II l> 1 co CO 57 TjKN^'tOO-^OO©© U t- 1 88 " 73 oot-i-KNOo-^eoco CO Group C . Ravalli . Group D . Carbon . Richland . New Mexico . Group A . Mora . Group B . Catron . De Baca . Guadalupe . Harding . Lincoln . Rio Arriba . Sandoval . Taos . Torrance . Group C . San Juan . Oregon . Group A . Sherman . Group B . Curry . Douglas . Gilliam . Grant . Jefferson . Morrow . Wallowa . Wheeler . o See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 3. — Staff, enrollment, attendance, and number of full-time public day schools 1 in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total of schools ( 5 ) © a 18 31 28 28 eo© l^©© ■^©©i>co©©co©co T-H ci" 1-H -»HTfC0^H (NNOiOHOOCOCON iO^C^iOONIOhC^h 1,247 1,247 Elemen¬ tary o 7,044 2,583 4,461 2,929 2,929 1,931 998 17,604 14,598 i0t>.Tj<0i05(Nt»05(N^ WOC1CM-OCO^h(N(N N^NOONtN^OO^ rH(N (NCOHrH 3,006 3,006 Total O' 9,346 3,440 5,906 5,207 5,207 3,434 1,773 23,304 19,051 r)<C5 CO 623 502 I-HC00005COC0100005TF C0N(N^005N^h(Nh 121 121 Men © 113 COO 05 05 rH© ©CO 360 299 H05C0^rHC0NOC0 05 © © Total to 387 139 248 00 187 128 59 983 801 -i o o Total instruc¬ tional staff n 414 151 263 217 217 148 69 1,049 857 rH»-HTt CO r- t+ Tj< id CM CO CD 02 1 CO CM --H 02 •" N-HO^W CM 1 co iO 05 LO CO CO c»r^ »o co CO(N CO 00 m co o CO o co 1 CM t+ t»< 02 CM CM Tf iO CO Ot^OCOCO th’cMCm" •o 1 CO l> CO _D "© ® ^ flS I Sg b1 8 Li ^ »«2 5 §*T3 gis •2S,'S& •§> a* 0+3 3 o m2 T3T 3 .£ £ •n c a-o £ rQ| c JS o3^> a.* ‘S^ a a •" "d =? 9 a §SJ ® jg-s a, I E«J m is* ja ® 3 +» ® +3 •“ 3 ® 03 of fltfJ ^ a c c c £ 83 O ® .a B tc£ >> •s-|1 to £ ® ^.2 & | +3 O X ? s g® 3 m io*s iS ® 3 w O J.8 ‘o B to CJ ® +3 *43 si* 2. Eg .2 £‘m oj .S3 £ o ^ ■*» a O ®£§ £ 1 e |1 1 o O a 3 as 2 5 b to c8 ^ s o co I §| i i” : co !g §| ; co S > o 3 12 S* ,® © *■§ O o ’2« +3 $ § ® S73 & Q 3 £ a” &s T> fl *3 3 « 3 -’ = T) to C 3 - -*St3 -3 C5 £ 3 3 -O in — CQ C ® o3 • o I <3 11 £ &l |§ S gfl ®fi tf) Ml ® to O 3 ° «.a «a ”.s "3-6 O 73 If c3 2 II Q 2 b^ •S3 a 2 0-3 ij§ T) >> ■S d M ^ o » ’til | a o 3*2 2 O'" ;3 >TJ H Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region. State, and group: 1955-56 (In thousands of dollars) 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total current expendi¬ tures (columns 13 and 14) w 910,123.8 29,294.3 3,642.0 2.839.5 1.400.6 661.8 777.1 802.5 802.5 358.8 358.8 358.8 918.9 918.9 918.9 8,508.7 Current expen¬ ditures not alloca¬ ble to pupil costs pH 33 ,037 .5 1 ,389 .0 193.8 193.1 0 65.7 127.4 .7 .7 1 ° ©o 00 b- 00 00 1 193.3 Full-time regular day schools Total current expendi¬ tures (alloca¬ ble to pupil costs) w 877 ,086 .3 27,905.3 3,448.2 2,646.4 1,400.6 596.1 649.7 801.8 801.8 358.8 358.8 358.8 00 CO 00 831.8 831.8 8,315.4 Fixed charges M 24 ,874 .3 1 ,500 .8 o 1 ©oooo© 15.7 15.7 15.7 36.9 36.9 36.9 734.2 Other school services (exclud¬ ing transpor¬ tation) a 26,435 .3 739 .8 I °! 3 1 os oo •cf r- T-< h ©HNHHH 1 6.2 6.2 6.2 104.3 104.3 104.3 298.5 Trans¬ porta¬ tion © 81 ,625 .2 3 ,033 .1 342.1 *0 05 Oi CO O CO © CO Tt< CO CO 'NOOOOiO^— I i-l 20.0 20.0 20.0 122.1 122.1 122.1 726.8 Operation and mainte¬ nance © 109,402.8 1 ^ I 1 M 934.5 © -h OS O VO SO -i © rt< eo eo CV| 00 CO itfi t— i — i 00 lO rH 48.5 48.5 48.5 102.3 102.3 102.3 1,119.1 Instruction Other expen¬ ditures for instruc¬ tion * CO 37,726.4 1 ,567 .5 109.4 OTfOCOOOO OOlOCiCOOO lO H (N H iO lO 17.3 17.3 17.3 32.0 32.0 32.0 443.8 Salaries and wages Other instruc¬ tional staff 2 b* 4 ,026 .6 389 .0 © ©©©OOO j l 0 oo 2.2 2.2 2.2 186.1 Class¬ room teachers VO 521 ,846 .3 CO b- 1,825.6 NO)(MCD005 I r- (M 05 »o »o CO CD CO CO ^ Tf4 223.1 223.1 223.1 365.7 365.7 365.7 4,338.4 Super¬ visors and principals © 29 ,608 .8 933 .8 133.8 © »C »0 © © © I — 1 t" © *-1 —1 03 *0 »—l 1 ^ ^ 16.2 16.2 16.2 23.3 23.3 23.3 333.7 Total instruc¬ tional staff 555,481 .7 w © VO 1,959.4 1,462.6 681.4 366.7 414.5 496.8 496.8 239.3 239.3 239.3 391.2 391.2 391.2 4,858.2 Total eo 593 ,208.1 17 ,672 .0 2,068.8 040000 ^h©© | 1-KOCOOOf^t^ 04 © © 04 -ss SO © CO ^ © so 256.6 256.6 256.6 423.2 423.2 423.2 5,302.0 Admin¬ istration w vO i pH 1 ,055 .0 90.8 00 04 © © © © T}s©t^— <©© 1 ©04 -h 04 04 04 11.8 811 8' II 43.0 43.0 43.0 134.8 Region, State and group 1 pH Total for 38 4 States . Northeast. . . . Maine . Group B . . . . Franklin 8 . Lincoln . Piscataquis . Group D . . . . Waldo . Massachusetts . Group B . . . . Dukes . New Hampshire . Group B . . . . Carroll . New York . 338.41 186.11 443.81 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 113 0.05 © — © 00 Tf -ON CN 00 05 CO © oo m os o s©©rt<©©©©©; OOU5--MNSOOKOCC II © © © 05 © © 05 © © 05 — || ©©©©OSM©©^©©-*? © || ©05 05* 05 © 05 05 © © — © © 05 !N —i — ©t- © — ©< ©t*© — oi ■<*©©© — © © © © © — • © © 05 CO ©_© © © © 00© — 05 ©©t- — ©©©•'J't^OI©©© ©©04T*©05t^©©00©©<© ©©©it — ©©©©(■-© — — ©©©TfO4©00t^©©©T«00 050505 05 — — itoor-- — oo 05 04 05 05 T« 05 04 — © © ©05 — ©t^ ©<©©© t^oo^tco 05 © it 04 05 © © 5> © •^©1^0© ©©TjHf^f^ l> © i-l r-l 0504 05 05^© — t^t^O©© — ©©©©O— i©©© 050505 © ^ 05 05 © it — it || ©©©OOit |j it © 04 t^t^© ©»H©© 04 04 00 ©04 — t^OOit — 04 00 00 © © —I © it — ©CD « II •^itt-oo || i ©coo'© |l 1 © © 05 05 © 05 © © © 05 05 H05 NNO'l'OWflM'fMM©' ©©©it© — ©©©04©© — 05 05©© 05 ©©©«©©©© — — © 05 © 05 — i — ' — ri © © © 05 ©©©©—I — © © © t> — it 0505 © © © © © © ■ OOOOOOCO — ©©©©©t~ ©©©co — ©©r^©© — ©05 05 05 1-1 1-1 05 © O- © © © ©00©lt© © © © © © 5^ © — © 04 05 — ©©04 "t — ' 05 — ' © 05 — <©r--©©it — ©oo 05 » 05 © © NNM©T*ifOHOiOir5©H ©©© — 04 — ©©©©© — © © i-i i-i 05 — 0©t>0- || 05 j « '| » II ?5:! ©©itOO©©© ©it© ©©©©© ©OOit it© ©040- 05 — © II © © || © I II ^11 © r- © 05 © © ©u- 0 05 ©O 000004 — 04 — ©t^O — ©©' © © © t> ©»©©©©©«© -h-h-©05©NO©NC - 05 ©©00^- — I it it © — ©04 it CD— I —I — ©©©i ©it©C © — it . — © 04 ' — © © 05 t - - ■0 050 t- © t- © © 0000©©it ©00© — — 045> ©© ©© itMO©!'- 05 it © © itod©© oot-t^ © © © © © © © ©05 05© — ©©©©©©itit©04© — - 04 05©lt04©00©©©t--04© ©©t^©©O0©©©O0©itt- ©©©©05 — ©tCNi-i © 04 ^ ©©©© © 05 © — — ©05 — L- 05 05 ©©© it 04© 05 © » 05 © © © © — © © © 05 05 ©05 — — l©00©lt©© O © 05 © © ©©it©©oo©t>04©o4t^it ©©©© — ©it04it© — ©04 ©©04©lt — 00© 00 04l>04© <©©©© :— ©it ©©©© || — ©©05 05 || © © © © lit*. — ©05— I © ©t-~ 00 © © it ©© © © © © ©©©©©© — itoo©©oo© ©ooot^© o >> O O § j| g: a a o . B.S C5 SC5 S 0'S e -S J ©$S B 8 E?©-b— o 3 ©.S o 2 § c3£ Pn «OfeO©^eL,M02^ o ® t-1 — o O x’g’S M g 5 s § ® c 3 HOiJO C u fl = © O £ s a a cS 3 3 o OOhPn 33 03 c3 OOffi See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total current expendi¬ tures (columns 13 and 14) (ONNNNOiOaNON — i — ->*COCO©O4Tt<00©O4 04* — 5,045.6 1,218.9 546.5 538.0 1,396.8 1,345.4 6,424.0 708.8 1,147.9 997.4 1,525.0 1,145.2 899.7 Current expen¬ ditures not alloca¬ ble to pupil costs N CO OMN^OntOOOOOO — © — I 03 04 CO 00 O — 00 — Full-time regular day schools Total current expendi¬ tures (alloca¬ ble to pupil costs) — 00©04CO©04-^00©->* 00©CO — ©©©©CO-^OO co©-<}cor-©© 04* — 5 , 007 . 3 | 1,209.6 542.6 514.8 1,396.8 1,343.5 6, 299. 3 | 707.9 1,128.2 995.0 1,441.4 1,127.1 899.7 Fixed charges r-coeo 04 —cococo HNiooocoow>no)oo — — CO — — — 04 68. 5| r-t CO CO j r^ooocsco — © Trans¬ porta¬ tion eo O o co — — coao | — CO — 00 CO Tt< — © — 00 CO 04 CO © CO 05 V 04 © r- 04 — 572.8 — b- 00 — © 1 — — ©©© — 1 732.5| r- r- © oo 04 04 | OOr-iTf — < CDGi Operation and mainte¬ nance co>ooo — — -cf oococotj< | OONNiOOWNCOOlOO) o co b- co 05 *-< ^ co co i—i y-i C* 00 Tt< 00 »0C5.*0 | dor-coos cococo — co — 894.0 ©© — co©© |l © oo oo © — © Is* 04 © © 00 — — 04 — Instruction Other expen¬ ditures for instruc¬ tion * r- © os . lO b- »D 05 CO ©04 | O K5 03 — CO CO tJ< CO (N 04 coco — — t^©© — oco 04 CO 04 ■<* V CO CO — CO CO 00 2,652.5 706.0 293.2 278.2 686.2 688.9 3,388.7 © CO 00 © 04 © || ©CO — O©© 04 co © 04 r- — — © — 00©© Super¬ visors and principals 'tOONCOiOOO 0400 | 00 03 CO CO © CO O 04 04 © ©04 — 140.7 — 00©00 I © oo — © o 04 — — © 190.5 — © 04 © 04 || COC5 CO oo co o ^ co CD lO CD©-S a 2-2 8&8"*3jf I if 05 CO if ID 00Tfi(Nt^>OiiiOO500 05 00 Tf IN IN 05 eo 50 ti IN IN CO 00 05 00 50 CO © b- »0 CO II CO s&ssSg ) X • - 05-0 O5 -g _ i- <§ o gta •1 5. B cj V. . - 7- t"1 C5 ^ ® JCOOSiNCONCOOSOOOSOSTjif^ 1100 05 50 00 05 b> CO 50 MOnrHHOOSCOeOOOUiOCOO I N t^0500 ^05iiifbi'f©-i©GOiN I © if n co co •o' co >o eo *o 50 co -o< co if n ■f©i^if05©00t^*0c050©05© (NC0t^t^-O'00'-''-005O05COift> nn-i050e0050N^e005INiO 50C0l>©i0©5O'f>O*0C0ififif b- CO if O 00 50 00 © b- © CO 05 50 b- If -f If 50 if b» 50 —i 50 co -1 in b- if eo — i o n n n 00 rf 50 50 CO 50 00 iOOOOt»50 50 0N(OOONOH £ e3 3 is <3.® If 00 05 If CO > « SuC C J3 -§Mo«^ d ’2 B-J 20! i . cj o3 aij-j- _ ■0-0 3jS 2 3 | §.S cj e3.° £ a ii m •- m 35 fi O 3 ™ 2 0^2 3-*.” * =i S.h g s § § OQOfeMJin LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 117 <©©©—ioot'.5t<©©(Mt^©(M©©©©a0Tti©t^00t~©oot>. ©© oo oi .00-i ^ i©t~©©i-it^'^©Cq©O0'^O0I>©00 CD© ©l> Cq.-(©Cqt^Tt<©00©©' ^rf^^ON^NOOOCOCOXOOD-iDCOOOD^ ©t-.(Ni< ©" © rj< © — i©t^©->^-^©ooo6--iodi>.oqoo©© Tj*io©©eon^T*©»ooooo©iOTi<'-i'<*iD©'!*t>© 00©©O(N©t^©(N©©©M©©TjHt^00T}-it^O©T}<©00©CqT}<00''S<-'3<©r-i©00© ©©0000r-l©©'^©'Ct.-i©©©©00©©.©^Ht~-*©t'*tfCqt.© .00>- :ri-©'-(i- ( |NHNHHrt NHHHINH WHHH iooT*i©©i-i©^H©©©tN.©©^H©r^.t^. ©O©©>-MN'-'©00©00-i©t»©©— ii— i©©©'— it»©©cq©©o 0©©T}<--'^t»©oo©©oo©©©r'>©!>t>r^'>tf© t^co ©o ©©©©©©o©o©Tj<©t^i-i©©©cq©©© M30©HMNN©00©HMTf©©M»C 03 n O ) 03 U U 5 '.xd ' O C H t ; gp 'Jp o .2' 2 : S| § g-g | §-§ gfg S2 go? 3 )QWw3M*feSo<5p!5 ONffiNOOON 00500i0i005^0500t^ 'O05 05 05C0--3coeoio-4'oo— i to -d I NOlOwrtO-fOCDN'-iNrHOSlOrH 00 05 © 05 l>- 05 00 3* 05 00 h- 00 3 CO feog'S Ofl >1 a 1-2 OSSS^IS •-IOOOOCOOOCOOOOO'S<(NOOIO(N— It^oo t^oicoowt^odioddoodait^Tiid 00 0 00 00 05 Si a S fe-2 3053tJ<©O5O51OO5CO — icOf^CO" & 0 id.s I 03 c3 3 sB CO 00 05 O 05 < 15 03 NiCNOO^^SNOCOWiONOiCO 05rfTfl^3<H U 3 d 3.0 is 9 m S * §' o 2 ■ 8 g § •£ c3.g -3 i-3. OOIOI^OCC oo 05 co co io co co co io t-» OOOCOOOCO 05 00 CO 050 05-^0050 t^t^t^iooo <0«3,OTt<'-}'COTtJ'— i-^(N-^00*O'0)COO-'T«wwMcOCOO)iONS(NOlNOJ^ 05 to 05 CM o CO 00 CO CO 05 TP CO'4iC'5e'3NW4"'400(NOiOO«0»Oi0C0O»d'4<00(M»0ed«O(N»d05iOC0Tj Tf I CO COONTf tO lOOCO-tfiON .— ICO— 'NN— it»05f~©000500-c}iU5T)<»0©05 05N©T}iiOU5^ I 00 -tf-iON i oo oo co d 05 CM CM • H HHH rH r* rH H^HH : CM -l -IN o ©CD'4‘©'-H©t^©t>-— 't^OO©-’4H-'5N©COOO^CO©©OOt'-i®i<5©COCO»nf^ — | 05 N-ir^os | to 35OC0— ' vH N-'CONOO—i©OOOiO-4<-<*CO-'4«NN''4'»f5NCOl'~O^HiON«5— '00 0500 005© I 05U5 05 05 05 05-<}'-4i05NNCONNNir5N-'4'COC'5N-<4'©-«<05©H505Tf— 'NNN 1 CO CM CM CO 00 CM -^t^oo-i o CO CO CM CO tO CM CO -CH5NCC Tf 0-HrHN005^000^ri(0(N05(N>OON05NO!OeOCUOeOO!0(N®NO> tO N — ' rf 00 -i s-oot^o N 05©©©O©N©->4i©-<}i©ON— lOO-'Ci-^-^OTNN— i^COiO— '©©OO^N — 00 CO 05 O N — ' 05 b- N »o C0C0rf-<4 oo 05 co 05 o C5co^iot^coioooot^a>coeot^'-'‘oao^H 05 05 00 CM C5 N C5NNN 'D 05 OSIN WJINih Tf N — IN— iiOrt CON (N IN CO CO CO 05 » • • O *iOON • • • • • • • CO • to • • tO ^ rH • -CO CM 00 lO CM • CM tO CO b>050©00000©05*0©N©©©*l5©05©N'— ©— '— iNOOOOOOOt^'I'OOUO tO CO 05^4 co CO O CM CO tO ®NOCCCOCO>OOIO^HL'3-icOOeOO^OOCO«50N»OT)iT)iT)i|NNO!00 — O'^OCOOOOOrfNTfTj'OCOCOt^OCOiOO'^COOX — OINIOOSO— 'OOO © coeoiot^ CO 05 05 to s 00 OUOii CO CO CM IQ U CM re CO -1 __ — ' — ' N — < 05 — < ^i (NN-I -ICO-H -1 Tf IN CO IN IN --i — ' -H CM lOCliO CO CM CM rH rH CO CO OOCOkONOINt^COCD — iN»005OO^H — IIOOOCOOO -i CO 05 CM ^ ^ CM 05 rH CO* G0-NI> — 'O©OU5t^05t^'*00U5 — i050005^HN05U5COOTtH'-.©-Hb.->4<©'>4i CCNO — NOONiJ'N'OONMOCINNCOCO^'NCOCOCOCDONCOr-iCI— --i CO coco»tC d too CD 00 -r lO U- O 1-0 00 00 00 ^00 O 05 -<1.il5N— iU5 05 05t^C0©C0— '•>4<00©i*'0U5©05©N©''10i0OC0‘O05OC0(N05i0i0l^-^-cf^00-^'C0C0— 'COIN COCSiOl^OS— '— iQOiONt^NOO — — 't^OSt^OOOTfOSiOIvCOOOOTfiOCOTfNN CM U5NOC5 05000 05 Tf N05»0 o tO CO ccooooo to o «5NNN — 'NCONN-^NCO— 'NNNHNOON— iN*I500 05 H5>Q05-<4<^hN — 'N CM CM~ to CO -41 ill rf t>- t}«C005C0— '•^'C000 0 0505i-0r>— '00— 'I^COOCO— '00*01^— 'OOCO 00 N IO -4< -1 oo co co —i 22 t^COOCOiOC^— 1— 'OOO-^CDCOCO— 'O^COOO-^oOf-COCOOO— 'OOIOIOOOOO— 1»0 CM COOOON co CO 05 CO CO o to — ' HHHHCIHHH N — ' N N N N — ' — 1 N Tjl — GO rH CM CM rH CO N •4ihh^i See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 150.71 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 121 HHQTfnnffiOHNUjHH ^■^oscsooco — ©coeocoeoco — Otj}t, iO’<)lNOtt)iOOwT)'( ooeoeot^oo-^cco — — ko^cot^ MOS'f-'-HOO^OS-COINO r>.ooccc5eot~ioooeocDkn — — uj 05 O 05 t- t»kO kOCOCO00O5Cq IIO OO^N^'h II 00 05 05 05 CO O 05 II 05 COW — < NSOWO^IOO' eo — m co co — ocoost^kCb- kCOOOCqOOOCOOO — NIOOO cq — IN' cq cq 05 — co oocq-^oco- ©cq — cqoooo II oo oo © eo i M^coocoocccN-i cqt^cqcq ■«}Ot~eOCO'* cq b. oo co || eo eo — cq io tjI © co — — •># •& t>- — || w* — — — cq I cq — oo oo oo to co OCOiO-cfCON. IOOO • 05 — kO 05 b- Tj< 00 kO CO eo — b- — cq < lOOOO'fU1 t>* 05 00 ^ 1 io -o< c co ■<}< o tj< cq © !■<*< °. k >eoeqo5cooocqeq»o^ os -i< io co »o O 00 Tj< 05 CO coo5iococqt^ cq — — — cq cq o co -o< cq cq — b.©k0k0-^k0©05t^k0t^a0© cocOTf05t^cor^cqcoco>ocoeq oo lo >o co o ■ kO© 05 CO 00 — lOCOiOOCOrJUCOS eqt^oo — ©co co co io co os cq •o1 cq cq cq cq co — coooiocq cqcqc5coo5 ■cfCO — — oseocqcoiocot^o-^osiooos coc5050ooc5iocqTrcqcO' cq© — © — ©cqcq- ©■<*< — ooeooo 05 00 CO -Cf o — ©t^CDI OCOCOkO 05 ocq ocqt^ CIOIOOONOOCCN 05 lo co oo cq lo cq cococooocqioo5t^t^cot^ooo 05t^C5cqooiOTj.coo5io eo-^iococoo — 0005 — cq-^io — — cq — »o co co -q* — cq cq co o rf 05 cq t^coeoiocqeocqTfiooOT}c co ■<* no — cq cq b- eokO"*o — oo io oo oo oo — os Noo^coqi 05 — CO 05 oo co os co 05 co oo co co >cqoo — m — r^o cq io oo — cq io oooocoooooosiooscocqos lor^iot^coiocoiocoiooocq — cq — coco-^io — cqcqoo ©■* to cq -<* — Tf ICJ ifj 05 O oo — — cq co co cq co co "* © ooco>*cqco 0-*05b.CO b-t^coot^cob-cci^ccot^co"* »o cq CO b- co I oo co cq’ 00005t^c0000000c005e00500 O5C0"*O5 — — cq©© — oococoeo C0*0"*k.0 00"*e0i0 — "*CqcOCO"* kooos — co — O5cqkocqcqt^cq iocq — os oo co eqcoo©-* — II co — | co »o co — co -* — coeocqoeocO"*coco©"*OkOkO ! & |S as £ Sf S ^ ^ ^ cS o c ~ ' * - 5 OT3 bC 9 w ®«2 S Sc m * ” J 3 W«JJ§OOOOOOtf> lb!’ — a— = 0!0>0 00010>0 • •— « • -<<-■ (N rH . 597.2 NOO©iO 1 NN©M00 — ©©COCO 1,658.7 05 00 -b -b t- b- -b »OiC050NC4 05 05H100005H HHHHH C4 Opeartion and mainte¬ nance 108.9 137.1 49.9 181.6 117.1 114.6 206.0 73.7 209.1 122.0 520.0 05 X CO 05 X | oo CO CD CO I Tt< *>. 0> 04 1,963.1 © os b- cs b» b- © ■bco-b©oxco b-© — x-beo-* hhN -hhcO Instruction Other expen¬ ditures for instruc¬ tion s 05©05b»C5-H©05-*t^ (OOiOTCrtrtOOOON ■OJ-H-^lO C0b-f^©-H©OC00505 C005©©C5©Tf©:J5© Tb©05X-b-'tlt^05t^© 2,187.7 TbCOOlOX 1 04 © 00 t>» 05 1 CO CO »0 CO 05 CO O CO co ^ 8,056.2 ©©■bO5©-bC0 b- © 05 © 'b CO © •b CO 05 CO -H CO © ©©Xeo©©b Super¬ visors and principals OOhOOWOO^Nh ^C0CDO4t^00*O(N00 05 'NO COCO "'bCO 373.3 XOTX-bosco© ©00 -*05 COO© CO ^ 1-1 05 CO © Total instruc¬ tional staff ©CO-"*©©®©©©© xx©XTt-H©©© ©©oico-Hb-b-©05co -eoco© 8,509.4 ©©OS-b©— 1—1 05 1-H CO b- CO © © ©©rf©rrt^00 ©©O5eo©©b Total TbX©05050©,'b'— '© ©xoeo© — i-*©cox ©-h©C0XC0©O5O5X ©©0505©©X0505© 2,642.9 Ot^OOCO*-! 1 co©©or» "•bCOOOOOO ■»b t- ■'b •'b © 1 ! 9,496.5 X © — 1 05 b- 00 CO 00 Tt< © 05 00 © © © © © CO © CO © x©o-b©t^© Admin¬ istration Tj«oo©'^'^t^©^-i©eo 05COXCOC505C00505-H ©©05t-*-b©XC005© 305.0 CO-b©XC5 I ©©©©b- ©xeo©© 896.3 ■b x x © oi — . t>. CO 05 © © 05 X © © © •— < 05 © © CO Region, State and group 1 Norman . Pine . Red Lake . Renville . Roseau . Sibley . Todd 6 . Traverse . Wright . Yellow Medicine. Group B . . . . Carver . Cass . Houston . Kittson . Le Sueur . Group C . . . . Becker . Cottonwood . Faribault . Isanti . Jackson « . Meeker . Otter Tail 0 . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 123 T*codoo 05 501^00 00-^00-J' OtJ< 05© 5Ot^00CC5OO5©C0t^T}<©CO00ddd00e0*O005OTt<00 (OS^ON^OOffiOOrtc.OCOOOOOOL'UJOiOCNfflOS OKOTjfTjiNOOO^OOrtOOOOOlNOJ^NOCOWM *ocot^©co05©t^50TfcDcococo©^codt^oo©C5© —I hhhhhh (M CO OOiC>00500Tf<^HCO^'-H -NWCffliSNNOOO O — — MCCCM^iCM CNnnffifflNHNOOON —i © co co o co oo >50 50 50CDCOOOd©^,©CO—iOTi<©dCO©CO JTfdCO^OOOSOOt^O^f^d^dCO^ o.ll00 d I co co co -o' oo iiOrHOSMNOOTfOiOINiHOONOOCCNC 05 | 05 co o; oo e XJOrHTft^CO >-.*eOdl>.t~O5e0^1'^lo I Cl t^©dd^Tt<©CO— NOJiOfflOO Q0rtON -ll-H-H -H -I Cl IN I Cl ~ d co TfOOOOOOiCdOOdTfNnOdTfOiO^CO'J1 50 CO 05 TP 00 lt^5C5f5t^5OC05Od00’ iNMOOO^dONN — l05Tj5^HdO ^ ^ 50 O d 50 TfN^dOO C0C005OC0CD00OC0»-5i-i05OdC0t>-5OC0C0505O05-H 05d®CO-iHMNOdNOOOOONOC5^00(»05 t^ccc050t>n-i0co00t>050t^0i0— icot^co-^^^d MOOOfflOOOdOOO- mOOOCS^ONiOO OOCOIv— dO — l>OTf5 dco^ddiocoddd O -H — 1 00 >Ol HoiddTfMMmcoHoooodOonnHooom I Tf O — I d O COOr-iso^HCO^eOt^OO— !50000dC00050t>.00000' C0050^050000C5 ' )-H 05 50 501^ 'oooot^^oo 't^^dCOiO 50 050oo5r^oof»t^oco OOONddddNNt1 dco — ddioeoddd OOCOIOC^OOO 'S*Ot^O5OC0O5O-HdC0C505C05000C0'-05C0TjOOMNiO^ • ' • © • ■ S' • ‘ © c8 ‘ • ‘^5 . «)••■••. •“ • C • c3 cr • ?5 ^ • C OT3 • • ■ o S • ■ ■ j§ :| £ 1 oo ©j gs a.2? : g o s g s : ; « g g g "3 «.S2o £ OJ3 J o®®^ J C^tfcoraoo^ CQpQpqoQfeOWW ,3SSSS3Poo©ao©©oooo©oo©©t^©ooaieoeO-5 a .2 ® g o o S-S '3'° a ° ©©Tt*^© iHNOOOffl© > O Oi CO © T* jgg'gsSS-’gS O £ S fa -2 « D ® N©O00C0NC0^NM00OOOltHOlS^MO©r-t^o a g-2 °sgg~gs lO »-HCO aig 2S* H ft iHMO^O(NM©®NHOffl®fflNOiou5MHOOT|(N, .2 l * -fa-O -fa o 2 0.9 a a> 03 o3 2 ft S fl O “ t^©t^l>t^©®t^©©© •a is 9^ OS'5tS a g A ® ! a) faT3.© ft 2 a g 3-S o3 g CQ > C ft t,TtOt^'. • l-H -t^Tj<00©05 © © <-100 ©000©©©©©- tCOOO-^-H— ICC01©©U5(NM»H10 CT>rtiO(N— ©l>.OOt~iocoiMio^!Noeot'.©ciai S "3 T5 is «Sj oo 2- 5 a ®§ o “> 'la 05 ■i-a& :is§6?assg * 2-2n p fa-fa m ° glia g §§| Ji = :^ft , J o ^ ® 822.21 733 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 125 o © © CO IN © r- WNOOOi'iOiON PIHO'fNOON 4,811.2 N© 9,655.9 ©©^<©©©©t^©©©©>-i H*<©r^(N^H‘O©-H©©IN i-H-n©©©t^f^N © tj< ■>* rf © © co in 4,623.8 OSOOCO^COCOTjCTjCT)! 1-H 1-H © H* O 05 © © h* ifHNNOOrtNCI © (N h* 00 © © t- IN «C 9,166.0 r»U5rHOlOlNiHN05©OOiH hiOCCN-hOmMCU-CIiOW t^©©H}© 16,259.3 ©t-N«©©U»©0 CO^HMOlOOOOS ^OlCOOiOt-COCO^ iocococococot>-»ooo i-H-tf©©^©©© OMOQOOMOO 174.6 iOr}<00lNCOCOi-H^HO5 O5t^COCM»-«00 00CMi-i rH rH i-H CM CO CM CM 352.9 ©T}< •©H©©HrHa00Olf ] ©u- •©oo©oo©cot'~©^H ININ • ^h CO © hJI CO (N i-H (N N ! : | 579.3 ©©*— i©ntiNN©© -H©©r-©-i<©©N N©NNi-h-^N*— i© 00 OO • -r -r o ^ *0 CO -Tt< O'# r-i CM CM -OO^HCO 211.8 © -©©t^©t» • • Is* • O CO 05 • • • iO CM 00 • • 420.9 137.4 .1 27.5 27.3 41.5 .6 78.5 61.5 .2 46.2 .1 626.9 Hf©IN©itCOOlNN U- if O N © -^ Tf © © hC< © © Tt* ©r-H©«^HTf1©© OO'fOONfNHO <-* © © t>» O 00 ^ CO 524.1 i-H«©0©©©t^0 ©©t^N — i©0t~0 ©in ©r»N©©© 1,054.7 © IN O t- © © © — ' 1,561.1 IOCMCOCOCMCOCMC0O5 ©©NNh}<©T}1t}1^H ©©©r^i-ot^NO NONONhNO © rH IN © CO © IN rjt h* t* © CO CC © IN 563.8 ©0©©©©t^©t> -< -H.-H©N©©©© OS©H. CO © O 00 t- CO Ml^O©NN-4<© 00 ^H CO CO if IN Tf 1-H 293.8 00©00©©C01-H©05 ^h oo 05 oo co Tf oo oo COrHCM CM*O©rHC0 598.5 05 00 »0 CO Tf CO CO 05 05 05 1-H CM 1 t^ON©©©.TjiN© co oo • o • • • 12.6 22.0 -CM • • • Tf . | 74.7 © • • Tt< • n r— © • • -o • i-H © N • fflNiOXN'fffliO 00 o 05 CO CO 05 — 1 00'^t'-(Nf>.00'-i"-i © IN IN IN if IN OO -H 2,457.0 OOMO05HOOH | © © — i © oo © rt< oo CONOOIXOiNiO© NHCUN(NTtiM^« 4,914.8 (NNClHfOHfflr- IH*©00 00-- 1 II© (N ^H (H. Tt< © Tj< CC .©© -005 CO • N -C< N -rfOO h* -^h IN ■ — ' 6' SOI iO • 05 CM • ^ 05 • • | i-H • iO 05 *00 0 • • CO • CM * CM ’-H • • I 236.7 ©Hj-^t^-H©© 1 ©'JHNNii©fflH,^(NN«N 1 10,479.7 ©©i-H«t^t^©©© OCOCO^OCMON^t C0C0OI>r^CM05t>.CM C0©^C0CMO5t}©iN©eo©-H©oo I tN. CO 00 CO »-H O 05 CO ^’HCM’HCO^OrHCM 465.9 ©0©0N©itf©©©©NN | CO !>• CO 1-H CO CM © ^ 1-H t>- 05 CO GO TfTfrHCMCOCOTfrtCOCMTfCOCO 1 724.0 ©t^T(io©©©©r- i-H©^H©t^O©©© N^HjHNi-ir-©rtTii Stoddard . Stone . Sullivan . Taney . Texas . Wayne . Webster . Worth . Group B. . . . Caldwell . Carter . Gentry . Iron . Lewis . Platte . Pulaski . Warren . Washington . Group C . . . . Barry . Bates . Cedar . Gasconade . Harrison . Howell . Lawrence . Macon . Miller . Moniteau . Newton . Polk . Wright . Group D. . . . Barton . Butler . Carroll . Cooper . Dent . Dunklin . Henry . Howard . Johnson . See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region. State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 - c-a ^ » c ® c 2 c? o H $ is 3 ^ OCOOSOOMSO)' — co^coinooooinco—i Ot^ — 100— iNOONONf tHeOOC ooo<^oeo b- co co oo ■ «i«>0 <013_C c *> m o S’” eS f3 itChONNOOSCONO HHCOOtOH A « ’'O "S w c'sS OCOOO ■Era =». . fl — 3 OD ©j-.S g-a.2 C3 o c-g fit's § odIS 2 £ * C3 ■'T — ' NN^NNOHLOOOCi-CCnMNMO' 0-.N00«NC'-COONffiC-0:Ct — : 04 © X © 04 04 © Tf © —i X X X -"T T -O' © © ’ 04©©©XTfO©XO — 'X©©©"i'X©Xi .000000 II 00 — 00 CO © © t- 00 "tf : i — oa Tf oi s- c s- id >©t^X'*i<'H©f~©©O104X'tf'©X©'©©X©X04X-'fXt^©04 04— '04 OOOCOOIOMN-N - COOOOO: ©©004©©©f^— '©— 'T»i,04X-*f©t^r~- t- s- — 'X >©©XX©©XTfXX©04Xt>©X©-S<0-<* O © -0 04 CO r}X' x — x © — co' — r x 04 © 04 s- — X04X — — X04X 04 04 04 04 CO CO CO CO ©©©©©■^•©XOI©©— 0404T)'©©©X''tlX04— S-© ^N^^©©'J'00©(»^‘00>0©rt»'J'’-©!)t)ONCC4 O4a0©X©O4Tj*©Tf©©©04-^— ' 04 — -S>0^ 2. >,£ 9 &3 2 g* = 3 a 3:2 -3 ® SOosaaaOdSfflOooSo 3-d ®-!! s -3-213 §3 J-i E-S-c'c? &S 2 3 J M * =© S 3 S si «.= « 3 J J _g — — wO — — — — — S^ccr'E-' See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Current Total expen- current ditures expendi- not tures alloca- (column ble to 13 and pupil 14) costs 192.9 4,001.9 1 530.5 .1 1,150.9 .2 764.4 .4 912.0 .1 644.1 .5 5,659.0 oot^oo©cot-r-©© (NI-iOOiONCO^O 00©Tj..J<'^» • •© • rf © || « or^o© Nt~©CO • CO •1000*00 • • • N N CO • CO • -OONO • • © 00 • rf rH . rH • •© • rH rf II 00 |" © © 00 © 05NHOJOOOOSNlOOMOC001NNO'00HHOCiCJOO t>.Tti©00NNt>.©N©COt^ CO OOOOOCO'^CO'Ct<^-^lCOT}*iOCOi-iCO'^*0 N © corfTt.i>.iO'-U'-n.ococot'. •eje ©oo©eoeo»t^>o©(N'*}*TtlOOeON®eOOOt'-— !©©©©Tt<— 1©©00 S r-^COrHCO©©CO^HCOCO^H^ Tf©r^©TfiOC0©©CMCMO5 © Tf 1*1 © CM © 00 rH © Tf CM ■*}<©OONO©©©eo®Ttit^OONNN©'*i<©eO©r^©®-tf©N©— ' CO CO — CO-ii©— • — CO— lONOOOO©!^ — 00©©© ■<* n* co n eo co — in cq co -iOi'"^ioooco*ot'-©'© Tji'>iiCONCOeONNNeON©NeO'tfCO— ICONNCON N IN CO © -f © CO iN©t^.©'*liCO'^i©'^iTfi(N© N — ©COt^COOOOOCOCOON NNNN — i(NH ©CO©— I'Jfi 00 © O N ©ON© ©o©t-» ©CO©© C0t>-OO — 00©00— iOC0N00©©Ot~©00 — ©©tJi— itF CM . H^HHHHHW rH rH CO rH CO CM CO © 00 HOJ^o©©^codd^(N rH rH rH rH © H (N rH 00 © Tf 00O© CO ^ CM CM Bottineau . Cavalier . Dickey . Dunn . Emmons . Grant . Griggs . Hettinger . Kidder . La Moure . Logan . McHenry . McIntosh . McKenzie . Mountrail . Nelson . Oliver . Ransom . Renville . Rolette . Sargent . Sheridan . Slope . Steele . Towner . Wells . Group B . . . . Adams . Bowman . Burke . Divide . Eddy . Foster . Golden Valley. . . . McLean . Mercer . Pembina . Sioux . TraiU . Group D . . . . Morton . Pierce . Richland . Walsh . See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total current expendi¬ tures (columns 13 and 14) 29,060.4 6,880.8 05 i-H © 05 H 05 OM^tOtOOONM oo©oo©©©©eo 8,673.9 2,580.9 1,553.4 1,697.7 913.3 1,344.1 584.5 4,991.0 717.3 1,929.7 1,312.9 1,031.1 Current expen¬ ditures not alloca¬ ble to pupil costs 166.4 009 • 00 • 00 C5 •CD ‘(NONCdO ©— i© CC lO Tf r^iOOOrt^OO »o lO COO CO lO 5^ t>* Tf — 1 05 © ONH^ 00 ^ — * 'f 05 05 05 CO 05 -H 05 05 00 00 00 761.0 r^©Tt*t^oo© OCOCO(N-HOO Cb .-h lO CD CD 398.2 ^COtF^ I ©rt. 0*f O5 00©05t>*© 1,333.2 05 a to oo cd t~oo©©oco t>.©ooco©r- CO 05 05 — < — i 723.4 85.1 289.3 198.3 150.7 Full-time regular day schools Instruction Other expen¬ ditures for instruc¬ tion * 00 05 ^©©eo Salaries and wages Other instruc¬ tional staff 2 195.6 35.4 © — -00 -C00500 I ©00 -rf -00 55.6 oo oo 05 r— o —1 -105 00 CO -1-1 — 105 36.7 5.6 19.1 11.0 1.0 Class¬ room teachers 16,955.0 4,005.4 05 Tf © Tf 00 * O — OOt^©COCO© ©©©eoco©co© 5,106.4 t^o>r-co©o ©Tf t^©0© 05 r- © r- c*. oi os © t- co 2,914.1 410.8 1,150.2 731.4 621.7 Super¬ visors and principals 882.9 172.9 0©©00 — 100 -Tf ©©©TfC005 -O CO OI 1-1— 105 ■© 249.9 05 05005 05-5 C0l^O »0 OJ CO . © — *^05 05 05 05 00 05 05 322.2 ©005 CO CO 00 0©tS0©-i ©COO* —1 05 —i 145.4 CD 00 © ©co © —5 © CO 05 Region, State and group 1 Ohio . Group A . . . . Adams . Brown . Holmes . Monroe . Morgan . Morrow . Noble . Putnam . Group B . . . . Clermont . Fulton . Geauga . Paulding . Pike . Vinton . Group C . . . . Carroll . Darke . Henry . Union . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 131 tH 10 00 IN rH -H cOOiOCOOOOOCOr^— iO3-4-HiF'’r-i’--it^t^©(N— '©O300©HF©b.00fHMa3©© CO © 1-H 00 00 tF 05 1 OOONNO'Oi1 1 lOOMOlOrfH © hf co 00* 11,631. r-i^iNOOT}- i©©oot^o©TF«©oo©o©©r~t^iNHOCOH00005ffli005lO«NOMiOTt,C0050 —i — i— i©tFM ©«© © — i © rn ^h -h -h Mh(NNMh©^NhMhh CD T* CD CM b- b- CO iF 00 CO 00 OOOIHHHOO CONO^^CIOO (Mh(Mhh(Nh 2,648.3 1,674.4 -HOO©oOcO©a3-HCD©©©00©00©0©©i-HOOi-Ht»TF©03i-H©l-H iN©t^©030l^ 00 — i©TF00©©©TF©00©©©iNTFTFO3© ^NlO-OlOCO I © IN © l> © © 00 CO 00 © © 00 CD 1 co 1 b- CO fr¬ ee -HCOlN©©Or^©©b-f^f-TF^-HrH©©©,-l4< 00 b- • i* i-h rF tF b- b- 00 • OO t> -h .©^1 • TF tF TF © b- t» SM^MM • t>. -H t> (^ © © T}< -©©Tji©M©rH .tFI> 'MNNSMOO©© 5,289.11 NCO^HOiO- 1 ^ 1 1 50 TF.-l©O03© CONIO^XJON IO O -rfl»0(N-H©©T}lt^©-Ht^O©a3©t^©©00 o i co io t- no 00NNH«H 2,962.2 690.9 680.0 774.3 817.0 1,742.8 563.8 590.2 588.8 44,563.0 12,226.2 Current expen¬ ditures not alloca¬ ble to pupil costs 117.7 CO © O 00 ri CO 0 LOICIM00C0 00 00 O5 1 uo O lO I ^OC0C4C0NC0 05 00 «0 00 05 CO 05 O 05 CN lO -H — i .-LO UJCCHHHHHNC1H 2,370.3 00 O O — © © © © © 05 I-Hcoc^^co^eciot^ioco ^-00©O5 214.0 I 0 tO CO ^ (N 815.7 t»©©t^©.©« ©05©t-~— '©©©CO© — CO©ffi©©COt'.05'0' 1,004.3 0©ON05'()('«'»00«N 000©©'0<©c0©0500© — o5t>.r~oo©©oo©©-H ^0®NNM«U5iOfflCCOTf — ( CO ■«*( © -O' — ( — ( ®^M®CO 25.2 ©®Tj<00© I •O' © 00 ^ — 1 62.3 9.8 7.9 9.7 2.0 3.0 2.1 .3 22.7 4.8 83.9 00 05^,©0-©t^W»}<©© © © t^©©05©©0005 05© 00 00t-'1(c0©00©r~c0-0l TtMO^HOO-HOI©©®)^©^© ©05©T05© 05 — 05t^05©t~ — C00500©©05®5©Trt>0005 1,649.2 426.0 378.8 316.5 291.7 236.2 7,054.7 ©t~co®)oot^©-^'©05 -h©05co©©co- (©co t*.©05-*000©t»05© ©05©©©-S<©©©Tj' 9,056.7 © 00 O © © 05 05 Tf 00 — 1 — © Tf © — < 00 © © 'J* CO © b- 05 — 1 © © © 05 © © O © © ©05Tf©©00'0<0000©— 1 •■«*— l©Tj<0500t^t»©©t*05 •CON®OON«OMN®^ •—1 eo-'j'co 103.9 .00 556.8 t>. -O' © T}( 05 © 00 00 © CO 05 ■«4<©©©eOt~— 'NtCN© ©©05— (Tf©©©©©© 3 O J C3 a 6-5! © 3 a >> o' a l‘s3’l:3 s? £ SJ s-s 0 2 © ,s a o t; ~ - 13© O i- § J §2^ js-g 5K«S ®-c.2 3 S ® mo ®OPL.^Kff3o5£ 2 5”0 la o iSlssiSSS^ 3 o 2 o 3 i » o ■ 2 s QUOQOO«S®mP See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region. State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total current expendi¬ tures (columns 13 and 14) w 2 © CO 15,769.6 6,366.9 939.7 1,586.3 1.588.1 1.322.2 930.6 7,197.7 © 00 b- Tji © IN IN NOOiOO^»OiO CO 0)0^0005 1-4 04 05 r-t ,-H tN. 2,205.0 1,109.9 1,095.1 Current expen¬ ditures not alloca¬ ble to pupil costs 3 ,381 .3 © 3 31.0 r- • • co • 7.9 (N^Ji • • -CO • 5.7 2.1 3.6 Full-time regular day schools Total current expendi¬ tures (alloca¬ ble to pupil costs) 301 ,364 .2 15,725.0 6,335.9 909.0 1,586.3 1,588.1 1,321.9 930.6 7,189.8 1.137.7 783.4 1.200.7 945.4 1,162.5 1,164.9 795.2 2,199.3 1,107.8 1,091.5 Fixed charges 7,631.8 206.8 96.9 | ©©©©b- | CO 00 IN©© IN IN IN 82.9 © — ' OO GO b- b- N © — -H CO Tj< CO 00 27.0 13.1 13.9 Other school services (exclud¬ ing transpor¬ tation) 3 » t- 535.1 255.5 00 05 ^04 04 iO CO 05 1^05 C4 00 lO CO 210.1 co co »-h 04 t>- 04 CO © 05 05 04 CO CO ^ CO 1-4 «-» 69.5 34.9 34.6 Trans¬ porta¬ tion 24 ,868 .3 1,449.3 646.1 t^©f^O00 »OOOi0CO h(N »0 C5 643.9 I NH(NNH©(M ©©00 00© © CO 93.2 48.7 44.5 Instruction Other expen¬ ditures for instruc¬ tion s *1 t— V© eo 263.0 111.7 © N © ©00 OOCDOiO C4 04 CO 111.2 N N N 00 Cl N Cl *© — l©©0© 00 © © © 00 © © 1,673.5 836.2 837.3 Super¬ visors and principals © w 475.9 166.1 ©©IN 00© 04 tO 05 04 ^ Tf lO rH CO 234.1 COO©— ICO©"* | 04 00 CO O 00 Tt< lO CO CO CO T-H ^ 75.7 29.3 46.4 Total instruc¬ tional staff 209 ,770 .5 12,065.9 4,741.2 673.9 1,216.9 1,204.6 943.4 702.4 5,571.3 00— !©0©t^CO O © >— 00 b- 00 © O © *-0 © © -1 o ©©©©00©© 1,753.4 865.5 887.9 Total t- 80 N 12,328.9 4,852.9 683.5 1.243.1 1.231.2 982.9 712.2 5,682.5 O 00 -t'.©©-HcoTi<©©coeo© •o05 00 MNr-H 00 0 05 "H 05 ' 0(NC005C0^00505C005Tt< COC"©COC~©© — i©©-*eO©"HOOOO©— >T)<©Ti<"HeoaO C^4<©.© -tnNMHNiOO^MNON^ oooscoco^co^ioeo'^ooooooeo ©t-~ CO©(N eoot^ 0500NHOMNHH <"H©T)1<.-iOOT}<(N ©©00©tPtP©-— (©OOO©©©^ -©t^©©"HC0• rH ( "H (N ' 00'HCO©--H©(M©©©©©-HC0 t^r>.^H^(>.co©©(Noo©©©© ©©-prpO3'0P.t^©©©©T#<©> S-KJ.03 2 2 o gJO. c ' (H ® O L L i iiPI See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region. State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total current expendi¬ tures (columns 13 and 14) 978.2 13,171.6 (OlOONOOOfflNNNOOOiOl-ONfflNOM — iOMOOt-a>>oo>>oos«OCT>05-H«oooeo>-i05eo COOOCO — ©^OOiH!NiO-i -h i-h -CO -—I NCOihh 509.0 Trans¬ porta¬ tion 112.9 1,402.8 N'^'J'OOiOtD'HOJffi'HMOiOON'liTji^iOlN eof-t^co©i-i©coio1<©©©iO»OI>.00»OiOTjnOiO»OOOTtJ*o6©0©>CT}H^©©i« OOQOiOeO©T}<-^ttiTjiOO'^CM©N©iOPO(NCO>0 -1 Tjn 7,745.6 Super¬ visors and principals 33.7 526.6 O>OW©©©'^»OTjlC0e*5'4<©©© CO -H cq ec N -H o >-1 r* (N -H 446.1 Total instruc¬ tional staff 638.4 8,948.6 ©©iOCOiO''J'OOTt<©iOt'-aOT}<©©CONi-i©i-i oo^oooiiieo— iTj.«oeo©©©iot^©.-i©t^©N©oo©©tCOOO ©-HiN^cboooi^ior^oocooocoaJiNobeoeoeo M^^rtr-iMNeOMINMMINONNMNN 341.6 Region, State and group 1 White . Group D . . . . Ashley . Benton . Boone . Bradley . Chicot . Conway . Craighead . Crawford . Faulkner . Greene . Hempstead . Howard . Independence .... Johnson . Mississippi . Monroe . Nevada . Phillips . Polk . Pope . Georgia . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 137 HI CO 00 CO j H< CO O ID t- ID II — ' l> 00 D'-.co^H H< 00 05 b- IN I*- 1 (Nco^^r^oo 05 tO b- 05 b- r)i — < 00 II N-COrHON II ID Tji 00 CO Tj< 05 jj 3 CO II TjT |l . 1-hh* O ID 00 H< © CD -i 00 t- CD COi-Hi-Ht-^ CM — < 05 tO (N 05 O — < CO 00 II COCO ^ iO 1 N || 1 SI ^11 ! 1! i-HCDCMO©COCDtOiOCOrHiOr-HC5 -CD • to CM r-H 1-Hi-HCMCM »-* o> 05 eo CM o H< 00 CO t- CO ID 00 05t^ CO CO CO io ^OSMOOO I 05 00 05 T* f- -ch co r. co co 05 b- ^ 1 CM 1 t'- U- COH<*DCO* CO *-h CO »0 i-H T* CD 1 Tf • CM 00 rf IO I • 1-H CO 00 CO o D ID IN CD | CO — iiOt^iOOCOHiCOOOOiO CO 00 CM r-H IO 00 CD CO 05 (N CO TP .-i . Dt^C000O05t>.C0^3't^05 05 CO 005 CD CO CO 05 05 00 H< 1 00 t^COOOiDt^OO | 1 ^ 1 1 50 HODiDOOOOcDCOiD000505COCO CO t- r^CDCDOcDOiCO^OOl^tO— *OOOOTfOO«OQOO CMCOCO^CO’-'COCOCOTfCDCD^iOT^CMCMCOCMCO H< 05 ^htP — C0O5^h 1 05 rj< CO o CO (NCOt^COt^OO IJI^HIN -UN CO IO iO • • l-HCO-H -111 • 1 T* 1 CD CM 05 CM 1 • • -COCO • | • • • io CO • II a 1 ”1 1 O 1 1 5 1 § CO 05 IDCO— iHiOSCOHUDCOCOCNN'iKNCOi— KNOOCOCO ■ Tfi 08— 1 — C3eor»D CO C5 r-H t^CO II 00 —< DO5O5CO 1 o 1 00 1 co ID S5 005-^00005»DiD-ri-C005COi— iCDOOONi— * OOCOCD— IHOOOIOIJIOOOOCOOIN- icOf^ — oo HH£OINCO-<-.-.(MINiOHin05t>-'Hii— I*— *05Hi05(Ni— iCOOOi— iOO HrtMNCOHMHNNiOTjKNCONHHlNINi-i CO CO CM Tf II ° 05 00 00 00 b-© II ° CD -CD05t^C4Tt*OCOCO^ 4,776.5 639.5 441.7 260.2 Fixed charges 97.2 cl IN 00 1-H © 00 b- NIOOCOWOO) HH (N CO 94.5 © 00 3.4 7.5 8.1 Other school services ( exclud¬ ing transpor¬ tation) 201.4 25.5 10.3 16.8 41.1 20.7 25.0 62.0 236.4 HCOCINOi^©cO©H OOOOhONCOOhcO . oo — i Tft co 00 00 .CO©-*©©-it^a> -Hr}(c0'ctc©r>.05T)H-.©0>t>.,-l Tf®(N005NO)0©iO -H -cjc OO CO CO 1-H 00 247.5 29.3 30.7 4.1 Total instruc¬ tional staff 4,305.6 ©©t^OO --if^--nO00©©-C<©00 ©.XX!NX'tf(N©X©''Ct-iX©©TfXTf. T}*^©X®)©"-MN©XXf^©X©X'tf'X©i-(©©X''C( ©Tf©0-T}<©©C':it^©©TCXTt.©©© 'OCOOLOtJI-hOI : N X ->J< © © © -ir §112 ^— — ^©©X-H© ^* ©©©«-( — i^N cox •*o-*coioco^''t''Ci©©t^c~©©TtiTt<©i-ocoio©cO'*j<>-'^H t~i-l •r-<©T-IX’-'XXX— IX — ©© — ©— 'XT* — — —l.-H©XX XNMffliC © !| © OHOONOOOOONOOUSMOOONWNONOOfflHOONiOHOHOiOHTjMOOeoO N i'f©H©N«010TfciafflCO(OOON»rc^#©N©Cl«NtIOONOCOMKK©NO © © CO © ■— < Xd-H^Ul ^co^n^mwioosiotoffl ■hionn- '©.-h^x : >xxt^o©©t^©©©©©©r~© ■'J’X^© — XT}<©OXt^ - 1 ©©©(NX X©XO-( ONOOIN (N(N|| o flOdSSSsisai® s^-ill&sssi-sSsisfr o = _ ^aaqOOOOOQOS^Sxx is r"3 « C© -w 03 03 Vi/ *-h ~ — 03 V ^ O -G .G G Zj ^ ^ ^ ^ S £ £ Ph Ph Gta m oq a? 03 E-< H c,^ *3^h^o Q. cc 3 c3 O Hhh^ See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 140 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total current expendi¬ tures (columns 13 and 14) 0 00 >— CO lO 05 iO co io oo co io >o co tjh i 10,697.1 667.6 Current expen¬ ditures not alloca¬ ble to pupil costs 10.7 1.0 1.3 7.1 1.3 158.7 CO CO — i . CO CO b- co co | 05 CD C5 co CO ^ CO CO 00 lO co ^ oo io Tf 05 oo co co 1,031.4 73. 5| Operation and mainte¬ nance 38.2 162.6 %oaa | (N005 05 (NiOCC-H 720.9 N — — i >0 b- — © 05 li »o to o co rt< b- 05 tj< ic t- os oo iib- tocoto — C005b-05C0b-C5 II CO O O to 00 00 05 — 05 to b- 00 t- to — t}* 05 to t- iO 05 b- 05 — tjt C> iO — 05 — 00 — — L~ — CO 00 GO 00 •'0"'* 05 »-C 05 CO to to lO 1-0 C5 Tjt — 05 C X 05 'CNONtO II C5 t-O 05 lO 05 C5 ■<}< 1 CONNClNiOO 05 — 05 05 ■ - i to >C to — to to o COb- — — CO- tfoOcOtbcO ©CDCD05b.05 O I- tf tf !NtONN*ON ID 05 to -1 to 1C iO I to 05 t* — -* — , CDXb-COX — i — 05Xf-X Tfo0M'^'0050' oooeoo— i ©Xco — ooo5X 00 b- — — — to J0 II CO rtos — eoc-io || o 05 — 05 b- 05 Tf I TfOS-H-COtOS HiON05rtf,o — — CO -Hit © — t*Oib. — OSCOXcDt* I GO 05 NH loo X 05 05 00 >0 to iO CDtOtf — CO >oo -I 05 05 05 05 — ©TPXXtjtXOt^XXO X CO >0 05 — — 00 l| X C5COt~©tO lOiOtftfMON — >o CO —I • |) 05 05 00 05 b- CO CO CO © — 05 b- ONH to ocoeo co X05 tj< — — CO M05 00NN C5 C510CDC5 — to >005 CO to 00 — tj< CO CO — 0 (N to 00 CO — iO 05 >o O CO to — tf C- CD to CO 05 — b> b> 05 05 CO — NOOCDOCO— CO — 05 — — 05 00 b» 05 05 — 05 X — cot-oo CO — — — 05 tj< — 05 — C5 rf 05 ooeoootooot- I 05 O Tjt O — t* CO tO05O5>O — CO©X©b»X COtOlO — 00000505^ — to COWCOODOStOiOCDtCtOCD to CO — CO 05 — ^ to oo C5 eo cd -o< t- — CD 00 C 05 05 CO 05 05 — CD 00 CD 00 00 ID CO 00 ID ^ — b-os cd lb- ootjteo © OCOtft | C5 '©tOt^XOOX 't-OCOOO )00 05t^ — — CD 00OO05C000tCtt-05 05C0 ) O to to CO tjt iO to CO to to to CO 05 05 > CO b- 05 tjt 05 tf CO b- to 05 CO CO 00 CO iO to 05 b- CO CO b- 05 to CO 00 to to 05 05 CO 05 05 b- CO COX X — COtJt — b» to b» X 05 05 CDb-XOO — — ObbC5M I iO CD X CD 05 CD O X Xb- cc©eo© — CO — CD05CX — 05 — — — — b- 05t*C505b-'>a,tC*”3 o404^eoccecoooioiocor^oo NM«OOOOOhoOhhiOOM(3 oo^Tfo^oiNooc'oeooQior~C5io g S3 o § „ o x •- c ;=: -3 aS O 03-° “ 5 o) c 0 5^ 0.2 o r o C 3 ® H 3 g'-S’SS a 8 v © w oocoo404tweo3 o a g-^3 o g tt ?3 * iH>03 io co o» 04 00 e0O05C004C0C5i0i004"-it,c0 ooo4eo-«oi co 04 t-» b- «-h eo co 04 o- 8® 2- ajfl §■£.2 E-i a 04>0c0004tw-ic0 003<05.- i^OOO .2 i 05 05 03 53 2 s e“ G3T}0 C5C0O '04 1^041^00"- lOtOWM^INi -S £ atg *3 -£ O o3 O fl'-3 "S 05 • CO eo • co 1^05 050004000000^ 04 00 ‘0 04CD10 8|^ - §2 O ° g cocot^ »o !•«.» C 2 : as a "two oo coo 3.04 04-Hr^t^ twt^OOcOCOOO'-icOO'^COOOOOOOTf 04^HC5Tf^^TtOOCOOtwOOCOtwtw 0505-3cooj>oeoeooo5000cDtwC5 I0 0404i0c004"3-300tw0400-i— 00C0OC0C005-W001C— '04 04 3*04 00 "O Js oco Tf©©©.-*©©©©© tOtOQOffiOKOOOOCN ©«t>.© ooodr-i©. i©©©-<©©© © © © © ©©©©■<}<©-ieC'-Heo I® ©©Olt- I N ©© o o© ■^^h © rH -H © 00 -(>-H©©T}.©©© ^H*H©© ^r-^(N©^H^H©t^©© ©•^T}<0©Tl © © U- Tjt r-t (s. © ©^H©©Tf(Tl©©© ©Tt.©©© ©©TfOONffln©©Nffl«ffl© ©©©©'^01©'^©© fa 3 E-i a 9*5 O g 3'-' JR\ © 05 CO EY C CO i-H CO cochin 0003 003 00 — c ci >F *o EDIK ©lOO 04 05 CO »ONh 04 rH > 21,092.1 (-3 [0> | *o 1 ^ 05 *o CO I, 1954- coco coco OOlOCOlO OhO(0 -56 m o -r 741.9 698.6 6,088.1 Current expen¬ ditures not alloca¬ ble to pupil costs 12.9 05*0*0 HOlf 15.0 11.0 .4 3.6 203.8 58.6 ©-i CO 2.4 .4 2.0 77.9 Full-time regular day schools Total current expendi¬ tures (alloca¬ ble to pupil costs) 4,377.8 1,011.4 975.6 2,390.8 4,460.1 541.6 2,749.1 1,169.4 20,888.3 3,536.9 895.3 709.1 1,002.5 930.0 oO co 741.5 696.6 6,010.2 Fixed charges 65.0 8.5 12.8 43.7 51.3 8.7 31.4 11.2 377.3 45.6 co t> oo m 15.0 8.1 6.9 107.2 Other school services (exclud¬ ing transpor¬ tation) 125.1 46.8 30.1 48.2 203.1 7.1 154.2 41.8 0 U5 t lO iO C3 CO IN 03 OJOiOOOiOOlO CO 00 50 00 CO 05 <0000 U0. Or^OO©-i CO IN 05 uo ■ 03 i-O © iO t^rc3 U- I! - Ol 000000005^t^05< rt< lO rf< 05 CO O ooooocooor^cooioooco 3©-HCO00cONO3iOCO^Nr-.TjiO3iO©COi-iCO (NOiHN"-i CO ■<}< CO -H 03 t» t- COiOt-OO-^t^OOCO" >CDt~ > co oo id " © eo cd cd . O -H Tf 00 00 to rj< If^'tco— eOOCOOOOOCO.00 03iJ'OiOCOi}-h .io 00 © t> lO 00 — IN CO © N lOCOCOiOiCt^t^OiOCOCO o^Hict>.coiocoo5iooiNiocoeoOT}iO 1 t>. co -h 05 -h 03 >00C0C0l^C0C000O500C0e005C0— 4 2 2 ®;~ is J ®'c-H M 5 !•* >> oj3 a > 3 2 0 „ a C ■ ■ « o <5 >,0 IS Illli I bs 3^ £ ®2||i §! § -ciN(N 3 X-- C = Q,o O 00 COIN© NNNh co ©IN >00 00©©0©0©-^eocoineo-ia50 ooiNoooot^f~Tt <£> o 1* _ HI u _ I1J1- I? •Bm > *3 a 2-2 ogfeg-gl nN^ooccnoioaoiN^oO' smenTtit^o rlS®(100S^®ONOOOHN®0>iOOOStO a 2 fl gU.° H .2 b9 1111 &-g§ O 1=1 OOOOS— • s« *n O©t''©00C0'-'iN©'-<»< iM--ic-ieo«DeooinrHeoocDost^050eo M iX) — — t)< eo (N co m co — i —i co IN ^ IN (N — ' iN-^'int^ooocoin-i ri ^®ooss®^i'H»H'Hoo®NOONOin®Ns®in 2 oj T3 £ tn 5- 2a CO g §« •&1 « 05 >"2 c cr 2 ® a X! Cj Hi §11? 2 5-S^ 2 _ _ (S3 O O O o 9, TJ«„_ a cot) 3 fi O <3^ 0^3 <t©©OO©00©t'.00--'Tt © 00 C ©1,©©i0©©00©t»00^©©t> ©©■tfiO©^00COtf5 00^HO0< ^’-ieoi>ooiaeO'-i©^©©eo ic OJ O 00 © © b- T»t © © CO © ^OI>©f-— '©PC II b- OON^CONLOL'JNuOtOfflOO I CO © eo b. — i-i tj- . ©©eo©eooO'-iTi<©©©©©©©© 'Oto^rtNsccoaaw uooo«)ooeoaN'©©OOCOt^CO©t^eoeooo© ©*-'t^eo©''},©ooto©00© 00 00©t^©1'i,©00t^©t>t^© ©^©©tPCOO©^^^©© © •^©-«'*i©co©oo©eob~oob-oor~ © O* O — ' © — ©N^MOOOOUJU) c*eo©i-i-.00CO ■^©©io oo eo oo oo © t» © COTf.eo'>a.©(NI(N©eO h eo oo o> - (N^©©T). • q a • .J q e £ • & s x g°-gj>3 3 J §3 I sa^N^llljjg.gwg o • • g g^.S-S « « - b 2 ® t, c * * S 9> Ja S !« o 2 O' - X -X si p ® g g S’gs3-’i C©J3 o7s?2J2S c'E q’S c COOOfefefeOOCOHf See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region, State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 44.01 617.31 562.31 54.91 488.21 19.21 55.01 163.51 61.11 37.91 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 149 ONi1 ©--© CO CO © O 00 © tJ< © CO CD — © N O OONOO)N>OH ©OO-'JI -f©© N©© ©t^NCO 00©CO-J< N COt> ©N©©t^©©©©© C0l0rt*0505^0^^^ OOCOb-© — N©©CON -4->Ncot^ MOMOMOM 00©© II h-#o NNHU5 00OO CO || °. d is 05 N o II b- 00 --I Tt*. O b- ID b- Tf< 05 b- O0b-©©N©© b.coco L- © CM HOUJ © b- © CO 00©©^< CM © COin-^COOi— lO^Ttito OOCOt^Tt,--r-<©©CO-< ■^co — ©eoco^Neob. rt< (M <-1 00 00 05 00 *C000C0'^N'©co © >0 00 N © -f N ©©CO© — iCO-tf ©N©©rt*©©©oooo©oeo N^rtCO^rt ^hn-}< 00©NN©00> ©tJ< © b- t^O -CO cod -b^ © 05 >-1 00 --I © © 00 © CO © b* © Tt< ^t< © CO — 00 00 ©^©©HN© ©©CO -}< O©© CO ©©© 00 N © N ■— I ©©©N rHCO-J* ©©OOOb-'-i’-iTfCOCO 0^t^©©©©t~©© 00©©©©0000t^©© N — I i-h CO —i — iN-C< •<}< b- 00 t> O © © 00©©©© — © 00 00©©-f — © ©•^©©i-£ © g.a a 9 aT> a cs ^SkS'C a a -3 2 0 C3 C — §33 3 § £ • • • • • gogj&sg^ O O £ ^ ,2 cj o3 WOOOUQQQWO o o See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region. State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 150 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Total current expendi¬ tures (columns 13 and 14) iofOfo>-iTj-iiocoo5 (N^rtt*04 • O 1 CM-— c -—i Full-time regular day schools Total current expendi¬ tures (alloca¬ ble to pupil costs) ©COCO^H©iCCOOOi-i©^'}<©t^OOO-iC5 CO HNlO^r-IHTjIHlOlOnrtKIrHrt 7,649.3 467.7 606.0 1,002.6 1,409.6 4,163.4 Fixed charges r-C0©^<©00lM©O(M!>©Tj<-H 653.6 co © -h © © © 00 © © CO .Ti<©.05 • -00t^e<3©©t^00(NJ©CCt^00>-iO5 • -CC00t> r-t © r-t Tf T}< CO HH 430.2 0©©ij.r_iOit^^COU5(N©©-HO>t-'<1,eO© ©TfT*C0©©—'©Tj 05 © 00 © -H - 05 CO 00 ^ 05 ^ 04 *-h Tt« 05 in CO r-4 04«"< 1-H 04 04 lO I 00 CM 1 CM 00 © © — | ©©©©-< ^N^©^ 1 Salaries and wages Other instruc¬ tional staff J : : : - : : : :« : : : : : 38.2 04 -ONh l 04 Class¬ room teachers ©©Tfu'jiO©CN'1*t^(M't^ COOO © 05 00 00 © 04 00 05 O 05 © CO 04 CO ^ **H r-< »-H CO 04 ^ -H 04 i-H 302.0 05 04 h* i-i r-l © © O © CO -HCOTj- ©© Region, State and group 1 Gilpin . Grand . Hinsdale . Jackson . Kiowa . Kit Carson . Lincoln . Ouray . Park . Phillips . Pitkin . Rio Blanco . Routt . Saguache . San Miguel . Sedgwick . Summit . Teller . Group D . . . . Bent . Montezuma . Montrose . Morgan . Weld . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 151 'ONCNO CO |! N- C3COrl<*t-:t^eO©C5CO II L~ I f^OO 00 1 1 O I to~00O5COCO— 'tacDiOOOO 1 >-0 | CO — CO MO | —CO — tj-lOCMIOCOCMCMCM I C5 COO OOCIN^CCOCN^OLOO KOOSMXNQOM-O-itO CM t» — —I CO CM CM CMt^—"-H N- || CM | CO • 10 0 00 • O lO CM -OMCNN^SO — CM — LO t>. b. ». || ^ I o-r qt-rro^o^O'Nq 1-0 ]| O h'COOCCOOCO'HOOOCO-'C'CO t- N LO I LC-XClLCC-tOLCXC CO |l lo | CO — •^’^CMIOCOCMCMCM « I 1 200 lO^fOO^CO’tt'OOCO oct^-CMT)‘CMT}‘Tjo 00 cm '■'C'C005CM00CDCM—0 00 ^©■tfOOCOaOt^OOCMCSCMC CM II CM I lOt^^-^CMCD-O't^CMOCMiO joocoto — H^SOOOM 0 05 to C5CMIO iOCOCOCMOOOOJiOO’O'iO II g O CM CO O 00 00 00-H^O-<00C5 M CN jl q ON CM | CM CO • • CM CM LOOOCOCMtOCM—'^''?©^-- CMrJ Tf CM — I t}< O 00 CM C 00 00 to OXO • CO 00 00 © 05 CO to Tf 05 00 ©b*O5CM©CM©G0Q0CM00O5 C5C5CMtot>.c5r^-o,T}'tOT}<. 10©©©00©G500'04CMCOG5 05 00 rr CM CM r- > 0 CM LO CM —I — I CM CO —> CO CM 1— -M T-I ss 00 CO tO 05 CO co co co coLO>ot>-HCoi^toeocMoot^ 05C5i00005t^t^C0 05tOOOCD — 050000C - — CO — 05 oosLocoo^coo-o'coooco — — — I CO CO H Tf CM H ~ LO 00 05 MOO 00 ^ CO cotj> K*) _® c "3 '§ ®2 c _ >> c © q ® ©-=-e cojfl S'Ss- |q||_ 3 3 ss 3 c3 -3 C3 3 © O O OOOOd See footnotes at end of table 4. Table 4. — Current expenditures for public schools in rural counties, by region. State, and group: 1955-56 — Continued (In thousands of dollars) 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 153 1,564.2 780.7 783.5 7,902.2 586.4 586.4 5,855.0 COx*CMiOCMCC03iOi-' oaHHO'cnno b- t~. -< 05 00 -l x* 05 NNiONO'O'iOrtiO 1,460.8 1,460.8 12,391.3 297.4 297.4 9,259.9 ©-xaOCMiOCMCOCM N ^ N U3 M O <0 © co cm oo oo xf o 05 b- i© CO C0 lO IO IQ CM d 2,834.0 1,072.3 1,761.7 22.3 22.3 a> | 05 00 87.! • lO CM • *00 • CO o O • CO 00 • • 00 CM 2.8 27.3 16. 0| :2 : : : : : : 11.3 • CO 1,541.9 758.4 783.5 7,812.3 586.4 586.4 5,767.9 COa3©iOCM00C3O3^ ooo-<^o cm co ■<}< co o r* 05 o co co io IOCOCOCOC3COCOC303 113.5 113.5 1,141.2 54.4 54.4 oo — co co t> co cm i© oo •«c< oo co co ^ i© t- x* c© i© i© co i© co co X* 245.3 57.8 187.5 201.1 91.4 109.7 800.0 48.6 48.6 597.8 ooooooio-^osioeo (Nfoioosr^d-^ioo cocoiocMr^cocoostx. 153.6 153.6 1,949.2 51.3 51.3 1,429.0 107.3 839.8 53.5 121.1 84.3 108.7 72.4 41.9 468.9 210.2 258.7 64.1 36.3 27.8 243.4 24.0 24.0 187.9 OOCSOO — OSCOiOOCO cocoocooo — CMt^co — cct» • 00 23.3 7.9 15.4 866.1 432.2 433.9 4,753.7 332.0 332.0 3,510.1 153.2 172.6 286.9 114.1 388.6 1,001.0 284.1 730.6 379.0 911.6 9116 7,026.3 140.1 140.1 5,283.5 x* CO -xf 00 i© CM r-x CO ^ o CM 00 00 CO CO^COCONhO rt< CM CO 00 CM CO »-< CO 1,602.7 596.6 1,006.1 57.7 32.7 25.0 421.8 18. 9| 18.9 296.8 13.0 12.7 31.3 41.7 93.2 22.0 50.8 32.1 106.1 coj ° 426.9 13.1 13.1 323.6 HHNOUJO b» lOxHiOiOi©© -00 90.2 41.0 49.2 935.1 476.2 458.9 5,250.1 358.9 358.9 3,846.4 166.2 185.3 321.4 114.1 434.8 1,103.9 308.5 798.9 413.3 00 ■«j< © 1,044.8 7,591.5 153.2 153.2 5,722.1 03 t#< — CO 00 1© CO i© — OCOCM — — NSM CM CO K5 x}< CM x}< CO 63.2 63.2 503.8 CM 00 8.2 391.9 NxfCOxfiOOOiN 00— eot-^0 •<*< CO IN 55.1 55:1 Salaries and wages Other instruc¬ tional staff * 21.7 21.7 11.6 10.1 l ^ l 161 05 . -NCOrJi ■ -COO ieo j Class¬ room teachers 691.0 1 ° § 467.8 223.2 4,039.0 3,322.0 add-HOoddoi©-* lONcoaawxooa T» oo a> eo i-< lO-H • T* © (N © 00 © COCO • N t* CO 05 — 1 1-t d © d eo Total instruc¬ tional staff o 00 o 00 550.0 260.1 4,358.3 3,575.2 ©©©ooo5-H©aeot^ dddddddeo’diN ©0©IN-t®>-i©©eo©-H lOiOHTf COCDCOHC^-H 838.2 838.2 Admin- istration 59.3 59.3 28.6 30.7 429.7 356.9 ©•tfCO©l>an^TfU^l> O0©©T}-O0O0©© Tj# © © if ed 55 ■<}< ed lO ■O' CS CS CO CS* ©oot-.cs© © © © CS ©cotju^o 00©CSCS © Tf © © CS* cs« 00© ©© © o SI CS CS CS © «5 If ©ifOCS —ud©cso cseo«^-t>-i © 00 1^© If© © © 03 o’ cs (N CS t- Tf< a -if»©©© O3©oo- to © 00 o> eo ©ooec© cs © 3 ed -*f io-ob«n eo CO CO CO © o’© ©« CS 1H CS 1 CS CS 00 ©eso-H© ed i-I oo cs' eoiCMrtH 03 CO oo © ©cd •* 1 2 \ t>. ed • Js • • • • CO N •t» •cs 03 I CS 8 co 1 ” ■<5 CS eo s CS ic o CO »-4 l-l^©©-! IOOOMHCO wweo^o cs -- ■kd CS lO CS N»Nh(i) © 00 © CSCOrf CS^H 00 © ©cs ©cs ©© Wyoming . < : « : : : : : Q • • g- : a J : : : : g. • : o . o © • . © . o s • ° 'g O u-3|3g o || P 2c3oS^'4J © 5 o3.3^ 3 © £ O O O^HhoiqE-i fee a w ® . Q, ® 'a $ > d *33 a !•§ o 3 w —5 oo e .a a l£3 33 in 3 «a § 2 05 c3 .s a T3 * O ® U £ 8 a '5 |J o a "® 33 b a i- ^ O o .2 ® ” II >3 2 § . g £33 JO 33 .2 a C 83 £ 3 -3 «2 _ 1.33 hi 3 ^ O 03 ,© *« ® ®g Sc 3 3 S n'*4 a 53 5 ® § ^ S S £.9 £-g 3 x__ x-2 H Hi! S3 oo a. 33 ® "o 3 - a u .s oo* 8&1 £.2 ®S 03 o ^ -3 £'5 o d --13 33 a Is . Q 3 do ® d o te-JS , ® © q£ © .s =■31 S«| 2 « d ® d a £ .2 S3 „ ® rp »a 3.2 is 2 3 « a § Ls“-8* M3#3 ^■g33 M-a S3 ” 3 .3 3 -S’ ® 5® tf33,£.2,S - a * o « ® 033 lb i*a o^£ g.agSflcs a$ § a ® g'C X O'S-rt b. O o3 ©-S 2 M.S o^ '■a o g£ Mu 8 '■gSo-|ala D„ d® I S-g £.g .a 5§ 155 Appendix DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Dear Superintendent of County Schools : For many years educational leaders have urged this Office to compile nationwide rural school facts similar to those regularly published for the city schools. Ways and means are now available to achieve this objective. Criteria for identifying the county school systems which will best reflect rural school conditions in the United States have resulted in the selection of your county. Enclosed are two copies of Form RSL^-056, together with in¬ structions, to be used in supplying certain data for the schools of your county for the school year 1955-56. Please fill in each part bearing your address and mail it to us with the least possible delay. A return envelope, requiring no postage, is enclosed for your con¬ venience. The extra copy is intended for your files. It is important that data for all public schools located in your county be included in your response — schools in open country or in towns or cities, small schools and large, schools serving elementary or secondary grades or both, schools for either race, and schools of districts operating with varying degrees of independence of a county superintendent. The form provides for the inclusion of all pupils attending the schools located in the selected county, and all funds received or spent in their behalf. It also provides for the exclusion of pupils and for the accounting of funds going from such county to adjacent counties for either elementary or sec¬ ondary instruction. The facts requested on the enclosed form are, we believe, readily available in your official records; indeed, they are the ones corn- 156 LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 157 monly collected by school administrators everywhere. Moreover, we have carefully designed the questionnaire to conform, as closely as possible, to the reports regularly required by your State. There are also enclosed certain materials to point out that the success of this new statistical program in behalf of rural education is of concern not only to this Office but to the National Association of County and Rural Area Superintendents, and to the N.E.A. Department of Rural Education. Your kind cooperation will be greatly appreciated. Sincerely yours, Herbert S. Conrad, Director , Research and Statistical Services . 158 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D. C. SURVEY OF CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1955-56 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING FORM RSL-056 - PART I - PERSONNEL REPORT INTRODUCTION Please read the following instructions carefully before filling in the form. This report should cover the school year 1955-56, which in most cases also coincides with the fiscal year. When the fiscal year differs from the school year, every effort should be made to have the data reported on the several parts of the form reflect activity in a single time period. Space has been provided in the heading for indicating the time period covered by the report. Carefully prepared current estimates will be accepted if data are not available for any item. Enter a dash (•) in any item which is not applicable to your school system and a zero (0) in applicable items for which the amount to be reported is zero. Do not leave items blank. If data are available for a combination of items, but are not available for the items individually, bracket the items and report the combined figure. ITEMS ON THE REPORT FORM (See superior numbers on questions) 1. Number of Positions.— Entries in Sections A and B should be based on the staffing pattern of the school administrative unit during the school year 1955-56. A position which has been occupied by several different indi¬ viduals during the year should be recorded as only one position. Do not report vacant positions. If an employee served in more than one position (for example, superintendent, supervisor, and teacher), he (or she) should be re¬ ported in the position to which the greatest part of the total time was devoted. If his (or her) time was divided equally, report the position which requires the highest salary according to the salary schedule. If the time of employees who serve in several capacities during the school year is prorated among several positions, the fractional service should be totaled and reported in full-time equivalents. 2. Full-time.— Include as full-time all positions that require work for the prescribed number of hours per week for a full school year or calendar year. 3. Part-time.— If you can estimate the fractional part of the year represented by part-time positions, the sum of these should be reported as full-time equivalents in the full-time column (column 2 ). If you cannot, include as part-time all positions the duties of which require less than full-time service. 4. Superintendents. -The superintendent may also be a principal of a school building and, in a small system, may do some teaching. If he teaches more than half-time, he should be reported as a classtoom teacher; if he devotes at least half of his time to administration of the school system, he should be reported as a superintendent (not as a principal). 5. Maintenance Staff.— Do not include maintenance people under contract for this service. 6. Pupil Transportation Personnel.— Include bus drivers and others employed by the school board to transport public-school pupils. Exclude contract service. If both public- and private-school pupils are transported at public expense and expenditures for public and private service are separate entries in part II, schedule B, the transporta¬ tion employees should be prorated and the public-school part only included here. 7. Typo of School.— Include special schools and classes in the "type of school" category in which they belong, for example, pupils and teacher in a fifth-grade class for speech-defective children will be classified as "elementary" 8. Elementary. — Report in item "a" for all definitely organized kindergartens supported in whole or in part by public-school funds, even if they are housed in the same building with other elementary-school classes or high-school classes. Include here, also, subprimary and preprimary classes, and all definitely organized prekindergarten programs of education, either half- or full-day. Report in item "b” for all elementary schools. Include both elementary schools that are part of a reorganized school system (those followed by junior, junior-senior, or undivided 5- and 6-year high schools) and elementary schools in systems organized on the traditional 8-4 or 7-4 plan. Include special schools and classes for groups of "exceptional" children doing work of elementary-school level. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 159 - 2 - 9. Secondory.- Report for all types of public high schools, junior, junior-senior, senior, undivided 5- and 6-year, regular, vocational, and trade high schools. Include special schools and classes for groups of "exceptional” children doing work of secondary-school level. 10. Colleges and Normal Schools.— Report for only those junior colleges, colleges, universities, and normal schools which are controlled by the board of education which controls elementary and secondary schools. Do not include schools controlled by a separate board of trustees. 11. Adult Education. -Include here only organized publicly-supported, educational programs which provide oppor¬ tunity for adults and out-of-school youth to further their education, such as, continuation classes, day and evening adult schools, and veterans’ education courses. Do not include on this line activities which are primarily social or recreational. 12. Supervisors. -Include under supervisors those persons who give half or more than half their time to the super¬ vision of instruction in special subjects and grades (or prorate) such as supervisors of manual training, home economics, music, etc., kindergartens, elementary grades, etc. Supervisors who give more than half their time to teaching should be reported as classroom teachers. In case supervisors divide their time between two types of schools, such as ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, prorate those supervisors according to the portion of their time given to each type of school. Do not include here itinerant teachers of music, art, penmanship, etc.; they should be reported as classroom teachers. 13. Principals. -Include principals of groups and districts and principals of buildings or similar units, such as principals of high schools, elementary schools, etc., who devote half or more than half their time to administration and supervision of instruction (or prorate). Principals or "head teachers” who devote more than half their time to teaching should be reported as classroom teachers (or prorated). For purposes of this report, deans of colleges are to be reported in this column. 14. Classroom Teachers and Teaching Positions.— This is the number of classroom teaching positions actually filled in schools of a school system and is usually less than the number of different teachers employed during the year. Include substitute and itinerant teachers who are employed continuously throughout the school year. Also in¬ clude "Head Teachers”. Do not include vacant positions. In case a position has been held part of the year by a man and part of the year by a woman, count the one by whom the position was filled the greater part of the year. 13. Other Nonsupervisory Instructional Staff. —Inc lud* school librarians, guidance personnel (such as counselors, placement counselors, and guidance specialists), and psychological personnel (such as psychologists and psychome- trists). 16. Clerks.— Include stenographic and clerical workers assigned to supervisors, principals, classroom teachers, and the nonsupervisory instructional staff. 17. Pupils Enrolled.— Include the total number of different boys and girls whose names are on the school registers for the school year 1955-56, counting each name but once. For purposes of this report, if pupils are transferred during the year from one school to another within the same school system, they should be counted as enrolled only by the school first attended. Pupils who are promoted during the year should be counted only once and at the grade level first attended. 18. Average Dally Attendance. -The average number of pupils actually present each day the schools were in session during the school year 1955-56 should be computed by dividing the aggregate days of attendance by the length of school term (in days) for each school. To secure average daily attendance for a group or system of schools, add together the average daily attendance of each school in the group or system. 19. Aggregate Days of Attendance. -This is the sum of all the days actually attended by all che pupils in the schools during the entire school year. In kindergartens and in other schools, where, because of overcrowded condi¬ tions or for other reasons, the attendance is limited to half-day sessions only, count each person present a full day. (This does not refer to part-time or continuation schools.) Days on which schools were closed for any purpose what¬ ever should not be included in ascertaining aggregate days of attendance. 20. Length of School Term (In Days).— This should include only the number of days that the schools were actually open for instruction. Do not include legal or religious holidays on which schools were not in session, or days on which schools were closed for inclement weather, teacher institutes, or any other reason or cause. In a school system having different lengths of school year in its various units, the average number of days of all day schools is found by dividing the aggregate attendance in days of all day schools in the system by the average daily attendance in all day schools in the system. 21. Number of Schools.— A "school,” for reporting purposes, is a division of the school system (a) consisting of a group of pupils comprising one or more grades, (b) organized as a single unit with one or more teachers to give instruction of a defined type or level, and (c) housed in a school plant of one or more buildings. More than one "school” may be housed in one school plant, as is the case when the elementary and secondary programs are housed in the same school plant. D. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: ► - 42 1 33 7 160 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Form RSL-0S4 (Port I) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education, Washington 25, D. C. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1955-56 (OR YEAR ENDING _ ) Budget Bureau No. 51-R011.6 Approval expiree 12/31/57 PART I. - PERSONNEL REPORT NOTE: This report should cover ALL public tax-supported schools in the school system. Please read the instructions before completing the report. This report made by: Name _ Title SECTION A. - STAFF (Other than Instructional) Type of personnel Number of ; Full-time ^ positions1 Part-time 3 l 2 3 1. Administrative personnel: (a) Superintendents^ . (b) Deputy and assistant superintendents and other administrative staff . (c) Clerics for administration . 2. Plant operation personnel: Janitors, engineers, watchmen, laborers, cleaning force, etc . 3. Plant maintenance personnel: Carpenters, plumbers, etc., on school payroll only 3 . . . 4. Other school services: la) Attendance personnel . (b) Health staff: Physicians, dentists, dental hygienists, nurses, etc . (c) Pupil transportation personnel6 . (d) Food services personnel: Supervisors, cooks, servers, cashiers, bookkeepers, etc . (e) All other personnel: Student-body activities, community services, etc . SECTION B. - INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF AND CLERKS1 Type of school^ Super- visors1* Princi¬ pals 1 3 Classroom teachers1* Other nonsuper- ▼ isory instruc¬ tional staffs Clerks16 Male Female Full¬ time Part- time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Elementary®: (a) Kindergarten (incl. nursery) . (b) Elementary . 2. Secondary^ . . . 3. Junior colleges, normal schools, etc.111 . TOTAL FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS . 4. Adult education11 . 5. Summer school (1955) . LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 161 SECTION C. - ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, AND NUMBER OF SCHOOLS Type of school? Number of pupils enrolled (net registra¬ tion excluding duplicates)* ' Average daily attendance!^ Aggregate days of attendance !9 Length of school term (in days)20 Number of schools^l 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Elementary^: (a) Kindergarten . (b) Elementary . 2. Secondary^: . . . . . 3. Colleges, etc. 10; . TOTAL FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS . 4. Adult education ^ . 5. Summer school (1955) . SECTION D. - ENROLLMENT BY GRADE (Full-tlm# Day School* Only) Grade Total enrollment 1. Elementary: Kindergarten (incl. nursery) . First . Sect Third . Fourth Fifth . Sixth . . Seventh Eighth . Special elementary (ungraded) . TOTAL ELEMENTARY . Grade Total enrollment 2. Secondary (incl. junior high school): Seventh grade . Eighth . Ninth . Tenth . Eleventh . . . . Twelfth . Special secondary . Postgraduate . . TOTAL SECONDARY . 3. College: Junior college . All ocher . SECTION E. - NOTES — 6. GOVERNMENT nUKTIim OfFICE: 162 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D. C. SURVEY OF CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING FORM RSL-056 PART II - FISCAL REPORT INTRODUCTION Please read the following instructions carefully before filling in the items on the Form. This report is foe the fiscal year, which in most cases also coincides with the school year 1955*56. When the fiscal year differs from the school year, every effort should be made to have the data reported on the several parts of the form reflect activity in a single time period. Space has been provided in the heading of each part for indicating the time period covered by the report. Carefully prepared current estimates will be accepted if data are not available for any item. Enter a dash (•) in any item which is not applicable to your school system and a zero (0) in applicable items for which the amount to be reported is zero. Do not leave items blank. If data are available for a combination of items, but are not available for the items individually, bracket the items and report the combined figure. If special districts with powers to levy taxes and/or sell bonds for school building purposes exist within the school system, the receipts, balances, indebtedness, and expenditures of these special districts should be included with the comparable accounts for the school system in the preparation of this report. Exclude all data for self-sustaining, tuition-supported schools of all types even though they are conducted in public buildings. When specific services to schools (e.g., health, lunch, textbooks, etc.) are provided by a State, county, town, or city department other than this school system, the value of these services should be obtained, if available, or estimated and Ae amount should be included as an appropriation in receipts (Section A) and as an expenditure (Section B). After you have completed Part II, please reconcile the salary amounts shown in Section Bl(b) with the comparable positions reported in Part I, Section B. If average salary computed for each type of position reveals inconsistencies with relation to your salary schedule, please make the appropriate adjustments in the reports. LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 163 - 2 - ITEMS ON THE REPORT FORM (See superior numbers on questions) • SECTION A • 1. Serial Bond Interest and Redemption Account.-This is the account set up for handling the proceeds of annual revenue for interest and/or the retirement of serial bonds. The balance in this account is the difference between the collections of current money to meet the fiscal year’s debt service expenses on serial bonds and the payments for the same fiscal year. 2. Revenue Receipts. -Report as revenue receipts all receipts which do not result in increasing school indebt* edness or in the depletion of school property. All revenue receipts should be net. Include as appropriations the actual amounts, if available, or the estimated cost of services (health, recreation, lunch program, etc.) furnished your school system by other departments of Government. 3. State Moneys. -Report all school revenue paid into the State treasury and distributed therefrom on a different basis from that on which it was collected, i.e., the city usually received an amount either greater or less than the amount paid by the city to the State. Include Federal vocational aid paid through the State. 4. County Moneys. -Report all school revenue raised by the county, which is distributed to the city for the support of the city schools. A county-unit school district receiving revenues from its own tax levies and from ap¬ propriations of the regular county government should report receipts from the county government in item 2(c) and its own tax-levy income in item 2(d). 5. Locol Taxation.— Report all moneys raised by local (i.e., town, township, district, or city) taxation on per¬ sonal property or real estate, on public and private utilities, from business taxes, and from poll taxes. Specific school taxes should be carefully distinguished from appropriations which may be alloted to the city for school purposes but which have NOT been specifically collected as school taxes. Item 2(d) should include not only the taxes raised for meeting the current expenses of the school system but also the taxes collected for the construction of school buildings and purchase of sites and of equipment (capital outlay). Exclude debt obligations if a separate tax is levied for debt service. 6. Local Appropriations. -Report the appropriations from the municipal treasury to increase the money available for municipal school purposes. In fiscally dependent school systems, all local moneys should be reported here, except moneys for debt service. 7. Tax Levy for Debt Service.— Report here all moneys raised specifically for meeting debt obligations whether by a special tax for school debt service only or a city or county tax for this purpose. Debt obligations include the accumulation of a sinking fund, retirement of bonds, payment of interest on indebtedness, etc. 8. Transfers of Funds. -Report all school moneys transferred from other county or local school systems. It will generally include tuition money for instruction and transportation fees. Exclude tuition from patrons, which should be included in item 2(h). 9. All Other Revenue Receipts. -Include all fines and penalties, all gifts, bequests, and contributions to the school system, all receipts from t-he rent of school buildings and school lots, all interest on bank deposits and invest¬ ment funds, and all tuition and transportation fees paid by school patrons (not tuition money transferred from another district, town, city, or county). Include the net profit only accruing from lunchrooms, textbook transactions, etc., carried on with school funds. 10. Nonrevenue Receipts.— All such receipts either incur indebtedness, which must be paid at some future date, or result in decreasing the amount and value of the school property. 11. Receipts from Loans and Bonds Sales.— Report here all receipts from bond sales negotiated during the fiscal year but do not report new bonds which were issued to redeem old bonds. Include short-term loans obtained and not repaid during the fiscal year and exclude loans which are repaid during che fiscal year. 12. All Other Nonrevenue Receipts. -Report here all moneys received from the sale of school buildings and grounds, sale of library books, furniture, scientific apparatus, automobiles, trucks, machinery, fuel, or other property belonging to the school system. Include the proceeds of insurance adjustments. Receipts from the sale of items purchased for sale during the school year should not be included. 164 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 -3- - SECTION B - 13. Gross Solarles.— Report the total amount paid before any withholdings are made for retirement, for taxes, and for the purchase of bonds, health insurance, etc. 14. Textbooks Free to Pupils.— Report here only payments for textbooks furnished free to all public school pupils; payment for textbooks furnished free to indigents only should be charged to "All Other School Services," [l(i)(5)}. 13. School Libraries. -Report the cost of supplementary textbooks and also magazines, reference books, supplies, etc., supplied to the school library when paid for out of school funds. The initial cost of books for a new library, as well as large additions, should be reported under " Capital Outlay . ” The expenses of maintaining and operating public libraries supported by funds from the board of education and to which pupils may have access, should be reported under "Other community services," [l(n)]. Salaries of librarians should be reported under "Other nonsupervisory instructional staff,” [lb(4)]. 16. Operation of School Plont.-Repart here expenditures for keeping all school buildings open and ready for use, janitorial salaries, fuel, light, water, supplies, etc. Include here cost of operation of an administration building. 17. Mointenonce of School Plant. -Report here expenditures made for the restoration of any piece of property (grounds, buildings, or equipment) to its original condition of completeness or efficiency. This includes the repair of buildings and upkeep of grounds and repairs and replacements of old or worn-out equipment. Include the cost of all labor and materials. Include here cost of maintenance of an administration building. Do not include expenditures for improvement of grounds in the nature of permanent equipment, all of which should be included under "Capital Outlay." 18. Health Services. -Include here also an estimate of the value of health services if provided to the school system by the State, county, city, or town health department; and be sure to include an identical amount as an ap¬ propriation in receipts (Section A). 19. Transportation of Pupils.— Include all current expenditures out of school funds for the transportation of pupils to and from public school, including the hire, operation and maintenance of vehicles; streetcar fares; allow¬ ances in lieu of transportation; etc. The purchase of vehicles for transportation of pupils should be charged to "Capital Outlay." Expenditures for transporting private-school pupils at public school expense should be estimated and reported as "services to nonpublic schools" under Community Services [1(2)]. 20. Fixed Charges Allocated to Pupil Costs. -Include all payments made directly by the city, town, or county school system (or indirectly for its account) foe such recurrent charges as rent, teacher retirement, insurance, taxes (if any), etc. For example, in Ohio and New York the transaction may be consummated by the State through the deduction from State apportionment funds of the amount due as the contribution on the annual teachers’ retirement item for a district. Make the necessary adjustments in your income report so that this amount can be shown as an appropriation to the retirement fund. Include rent paid to the State or Local School Building Authority. Exclude funds deducted from the salaries of teachers; these should have been reported above under "Teachers’ Salaries.* 21. Other Community Services. -Report here only the payments made by the Board of Education to such school- community activities as public libraries, recreation, etc. Exclude costs of organized adult education programs— continuation classes, day and evening adult schools, and Veterans' education courses— which should be reported in [Bl(q)] below. 22. Debt Service. —If these items are not available in your office, please secure the necessary data for this report from the local official handling such records (city, town, or county auditor, treasurer, etc.) so that further cor¬ respondence will be unnecessary. When this is done, please make proper entries in item Al(d) to cover these expen¬ ditures. 23. Other Items of Debt Service. -Include expenses incurred in connection with debt service, such as fees paid to paying agents. (Please turn page) LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 165 - 4 - - SECTION C - 24. GRAND TOTAL. -This figure represents the grand total of expenditures for current expenses, capital outlay, and debt service (exclusive of sinking funds) plus the total balances carried to next year. It must equal the grand total of all receipts and balances (see Section A item 4). If it does not, please recheck the entries. - SECTION D - 25. Original Cost of Physical Plant.— In order to maintain uniformity among city and county reports, please supply the original cost of school property. If dhta are available only on a basis other than original cost, enter the values in item 1 b and answer question 1 c. 26. Sinking Funds. -These are funds set up for the purpose of accumulating moneys over a period of years for the redemption of long-term obligations at maturity. Accounts established for handling annual revenue for interest and/or the retirement of serial bonds are nor sinking funds. Payments out of interest and bond funds should be reported as payments from current funds in items B3(b)(l) and B3(cXl). Note that separate lines are provided in Section E for reporting balances in sinking fund and in serial bond and interest accounts. 166 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 Form RSL-056 (Port II) Budget Bureau No. 51-R011.6 Approval expires: 12/31/57 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education, Washington 25, D. C. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEMS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING _ _ , 1956 (Month) (Day) PART II. - FISCAL REPORT NOTE: This report should cover ALL public tax-supported schools in the public school system. Please read the in¬ structions before filling in. This report made by: Name _ _ Title SECTION A. - RECEIPTS AND BALANCES Item Total amount (Omit cents) 1. Balance on hand from previous fiscal year (include both revenue and nonrevenue balances, but exclude sinking fund): (a) For current operations . s (b) For building reserve . 1 (c) For serial bond interest and redemption^ . $ (d) Total balances from previous year [Sum of (a), (b), and (c)] . * 2. Revenue receipts;2 (a) Federal appropriations (received direct from Federal sources) . 1 (b) State taxes, apportionments, and appropriations (include Federal appropriations paid through the Stated s (c) County taxes and appropriations^ . $ (d) From local taxation (property, business, poll taxes, etc.)^ . $ (e) Appropriations from local civil divisions, including city treasury^ . t (f) From separate tax le'vy by district, city, or county, for debt service^ . J (g) Transfers of funds from other school districts for tuition and transportation® . 1 (h) All other revenue receipts (fines, penalties, gifts, bequests, rents, interest, tuition and transportation fees from patrons only, etc. Include only net receipts from lunchroom and from textbook sales)9 . s (i) Total revenue receipts [Sum of (a) through (h)] . $ 3. Nonrevenue receipts: 10 (a) From loans and bond sales H . } (b) All other nonrevenue receipts^ . $ (c) Total nonrevenue receipts [Sum of (a) and (b)] . ) 4. GRAND TOTAL OF ALL RECEIPTS AND BALANCES [Sum of 1 (d), 2 (i) and 3 (c)] . s LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS: RURAL COUNTIES 167 SECTION B. - EXPENDITURES Item Total amount (Omit cents) 1. CURRENT EXPENSE Full-time day schools: (a) Administration (1) Gross salaries^ . t (2) Supplies and other expenses . t (3) Total for administration [Sum of (1) and (2)] . t (b) Instructional staff— Gross salaries 13 (1) Supervisors . $ (2) Principals . t (3) Classroom teachers . t (4) Other nonsupervisory instructional staff . * (5) Clerks . t (c) Instructional staff — Supplies and other expenses . 1 (d) Textbooks free to pupilsi* . 1 (e) School libraries^ . $ (f) Total for instruction [Sum of b(l to 5), c, d, and e] . 1 (g) Operation of plant (salaries, supplies, and expenses)!^ . 1 (h) Maintenance of plant (repairs and replacements, not capital outlay)!^ . $ (i) Other school services (formerly "Auxiliary services"): (I) Attendance services . $ (2) Health services (school physicians, dentists, nurses, etc.)18 . 1 (3) Transportation of pupils 1? . 1 (4) School lunch program (debit balances only) . $ (5) All other school services (extra-curricular activities, etc.) . t (j) Fixed charges allocated to pupil costs?0 . 1 (k) Subtotal of items (g) through (j) . $ (1) Total current expenses foe full-time day schools only [Sum of a(3), f, and k] . $ Community services: (m) To nonpubiic schools for attendance services, textbooks, supplies, transportation, etc . t (n) Other community services: public libraries, public recreation, etc. 21 . t Fixed charges NOT allocated to pupil costs: (o) Transfers to other districts for tuition, transportation, and rent; tax refunds, etc . $ (p) Subtotal of items (m), (n), and (o) . $ (q) Adult educational . s (r) Summer schools, 1955 (Instruction and other expenses) . $ (s) Total current expenses [Sum of (1), (p), (q), and (r)] . s 168 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 2. CAPITAL OUTLAY (do NOT include maintenance of plant) (a) Sites, new buildings, additions, and improvements . (Omit cents) t (b) New equipment (include purchase of vehicles for transportation of pupils) . s (c) Total capital outlay [Sum of (a) and (b)] . s 3. DEBT SERVICE22 (If not available in office, please secure) (a) Redemption of short-term loans (exclude all money borrowed and repaid during the fiscal year) . t (b) Redemption of school bonds: (1) Paid from current funds: Term bonds . 1 Serial bonds . 1 Total . t (2) Paid from sinking funds: Term bonds . 1 Serial bonds . $ (3) Paid by issue of new bonds to redeem old bonds . S (c) Interest paid on indebtedness (bond and short-term loans): (I) Paid from current funds . s (2) Paid from sinking funds . $ (d) Amount paid into school sinking funds . t (e) Other items of debt serviced . 1 (f) Total expenditures from current funds for debt service [Sum of (a), (b 1), (c 1), (d), and (e)] $ SECTION C. - BALANCES CARRIED TO NEXT YEAR (Include balances from both revenue and nonrevenue receipts) 1. For current operations . s 2. F of building reserve . - . t 3, Foe serial bond interest and redemption^ . . . t 4. Total balances [Sum of 1 , 2 , and 3 ] . t GRAND TOTAL [Sum of B 1 (s), B 2 (c), B 3 (f), and C (4)]24 . t SECTION D. - ORIGINAL COST OF PHYSICAL PLANT25 la. — Original cost lb. — Other basis (if data on original cost are not available) Cost of: (1) School sites . Amount Amount * Value of: (1) School sites . i (2) Buildings . $ (2) Buildings . t (3) Equipment . $ (3) Equipment . t Total . t Total . S 1c. — If you made entries in 1(b) above, what is the basis of valuation used? (Check one box below) I | Replacement value Qj Insurance value Present value Qj Other basis. (Specify) _ SECTION E. - SCHOOL INDEBTEDNESS (Omit cents) 1. School bonds outstanding at close of fiscal year: Term bonds . 1 Serial bonds . J Total . S 2. Other forms of school debt (e.g., unpaid teacher warrants, etc.) . t 3. Total amount in school sinking fund at close of fiscal year2** . $ 4. Balance in serial bond and interest account^ at close of fiscal year (Should equal item C 3) ... S .*>. a OdtaUNMtNT PAINT TNG OPfCti IMT O-OIMI PS- 36- 59 ☆ u. 8. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1989 - 491355 United States Government Printing Office DIVISION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS Washington 25, D. C. OFFICIAL BUSINESS If you do not desire to continue to receive this type of publication, please check here □ ; tear of! this label and return it to the above address. Your name will then be removed promptly from the appropriate mailing list. Biennial Survey of Highlights Institutions In 1955-56 higher education facilities were available at 1,858 institutions, located in every State and in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Canal Zone. The largest institution in the country enrolled more than 38,000 resident students of college grade (full-time and part- time); 40 other institutions had at least 10,000 each. More than 1,200 institutions offered instruction during the summer of 1955. Students In the fall of 1955 there were nearly 2,700,000 resident students of college grade in continental United States and the outlying parts. The fall of 1955 saw a larger enrollment of students with¬ out military veteran status than ever before in the history of the Nation — approximately a quarter of a million, or 13 percent, greater than in the fall of 1953. Enrollment of graduate students exceeded a quarter- million in the fall of 1955. Faculty There were more than 300,000 faculty members, including nearly 230,000 professors, instructors, and teaching assist¬ ants. The remainder were administrative and research officers, professional library staff members, and other pro¬ fessional persons. More than 300 institutions had faculty members devoting at least part of their time to organized (separately budgeted) research. Degrees More than 1,200 institutions conferred bachelor’s or higher degrees. Advanced degrees (beyond the bachelor’s or first professional) were conferred by more than 500. The doc¬ torate (Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) as conferred by 162 institu¬ tions located in all but 5 of the States. Nearly 9,000 persons took the doctorate in 1956. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 Chapter 4 Section I SECTION Statistics 0F Higher Education : 1955-56 Chapter 4 Faculty, Students, and Degrees Henry G. Badger and M. Clemens Johnson planned the report, supervised preparation of the national tables, and wrote the text. Mabel C. Rice supervised collection of the data, verification of returns, and preparation of the basic State tables. Emery M. Foster, Chief , Research Studies and Surveys Section , had general direction of the study. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Srn 1 3 1958 LIBRARY EDUCATION COLLECTION U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education, Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1954-56 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1954-56: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1955-56. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56. Chapter 3. Statistics of Local School Systems: Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1955-56. Section I. City School Systems. Section II. Suburban School Systems. Section III. County-Unit School Systems. Section IV. Rural School Systems. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education, 1955-56. Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property. Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Libraries, 1955-56. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1958 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 60 cents Foreword THIS CHAPTER continues the series of reports on the statistics of higher education first begun with the aca¬ demic year 1869-70. Published annually through 1916, and since 1918 as part of the Biennial Survey oj Education in the United States, this series has continued virtually unbroken. The present report is the 66th in the series. As higher edu¬ cation itself has become larger, more varied, and more com¬ plex, the reports in this series have become more extensive. The present chapter continues the innovations mentioned in the Foreword of the last biennial report (for 1953-54). A new section in this chapter supplies, in one sense, a func¬ tional description of the higher-education universe, by re¬ porting the number of institutions that utilize junior staff members such as teaching fellows, assistant instructors, etc. (less than a majority of the institutions do so), the number of institutions that conduct organized or separately budgeted research, the number that offer instruction in adult education, etc. (see table XVI). Another addition is the presentation of fuller data on enrollments in summer sessions (see table XXVI). Supplementing the present chapter are four other pub¬ lications: Office of Education Circulars 460 and 493 (on enrollment), 504 (on faculty), and 499 (on degiees conferred). These circulars present tabulations of data for individual institutions, with little or no analysis. An advance sum¬ mary of some of the principal statistics in the present chapter appeared as Office of Education Circular 514. The present report is best viewed as the product of an extensive, cooperative effort. Appreciation is due to the many members of the Office of Education whose work — from preparation of the Education Directory, Part III to collection, verification, and tabular presentation of data — is reflected in this report . Thanks are also due to the statistical hi IV FOREWORD processing section of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for efficient machine-tabulation services. Finally, special thanks and appreciation are due to the reg¬ istrars and other officers in colleges and universities whose generous cooperation in supplying the basic quantitative data made the present report possible. Herbert S. Conrad, Director, Research and Statistical Services Branch. Roy M. Hall, Assistant Commissioner for Research. Contents Text Page Foreword _ hi Number and Distribution of Institutions _ 1 Historical Development of Higher Education _ 4 Population and student enrollment _ 5 The biennium in review _ 9 Changing patterns in higher education _ 17 Growth of large institutions _ 19 Persistence of small institutions _ 23 Institutions in the outlying parts of the United States _ 23 Institutions attended predominantly by Negro Students. _ 24 Faculty _ 27 By control and type of institution _ 28 By sex _ 30 By type of work _ 31 Faculty organization in institutions _ 33 Instructional staff, by percent of time employed _ 38 Summer session faculty _ 41 Students _ 43 By sex _ 44 By control and type of institution _ 46 Regional distribution of enrollment _ 50 Enrollment, early fall 1955 _ 52 Enrollment, November 1955 _ 53 First- time students _ 53 Undergraduate students _ 73 First-time students and high school graduates _ 76 Veteran and nonveteran students _ 77 Special and unclassified students _ 80 Other types of enrollment _ 83 Enrollment, summer 1955 _ 83 Some factors associated with higher education enroll¬ ments _ 88 v VI CONTENTS Text — Continued Page Degrees _ 89 The 1955-56 situation _ 90 Analysis by level, field, and sex _ 94 Collection of the Data _ 103 Appendix _ 151 Text Tables I. Number of institutions, by type, control, region, and State: 1955-56 _ 2 II. Faculty, students, and degrees, 1869-70 to 1955-56. 6 III. Population and resident college enrollment: conti¬ nental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56 _ 8 IV. Faculty, by type of position; enrollment, by curricu¬ lar and student characteristics; and degrees, by sex of recipient and level: aggregate United States, 1955-56 and 1953-54 _ 10 V. Faculty, students, and degrees, by type and control of institution: aggregate United States, 1955-56. 14 VI. Resident college enrollment, junior colleges: 1917-18 to November 1955 _ 18 VII. Number of institutions, by size of resident student- body, control, type, and predominant race of stu¬ dents: November 1955 _ 20 VIII. Resident college enrollment, institutions of higher education, by size of resident student-body, control, type, and predominant race of students: November 1955 _ 21 IX. Total and average resident college-grade enrollment, institutions of higher education : aggregate United States: November 1955 _ 22 X. Faculty, students, and degrees, institutions of higher education, outlying parts of the United States: 1929-30 to 1955-56 _ 24 XI. Faculty and students, November 1955, and degrees conferred, 1955-56, institutions attended pre¬ dominantly by Negroes: continental United States _ 25 XII. Faculty, by control and type of institution, and by sex of faculty member: aggregate United States, November 1955 and summer sessions, 1955 _ 29 CONTENTS VII Text Tables — Continued Page XIII. Faculty, by sex: continental United States, 1899- 1900 to November 1955; and aggregate United States, November 1953 and 1955 _ 31 XIV. Instructional staff for elementary or secondary in¬ struction in institutions of higher education, by level of instruction, and by control and type of of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 32 XV. Resident instructional staff for courses of college grade: continental United States, 1929-30 to November 1955, and aggregate United States, November 1953 and 1955 _ 33 XVI. Number of institutions reporting faculty in certain types of work, by type and control of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 35 XVII. Institutions with no professional library staff mem¬ bers: aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 38 XVIII. Number and full-time equivalent, faculty members with rank of instructor or above, by control and type of institution and by sex of faculty member : aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 39 XIX. Number of institutions reporting various types of summer session organization, by type and control of institution: aggregate United States, 1955 _ 42 XX. Resident college enrollment, regular session and summer session (s): continental United States, 1929-30 to 1955-56; and aggregate United States, 1953-54 to 1955-56 _ 43 XXI. Resident college enrollment, by sex, and by control and type of institution; aggregate United States, November 1955 and summer 1955 _ 45 XXII. Resident college enrollment, by sex, level, and con¬ trol of institution: aggregate United States, 1939- 40 to November 1955 _ 48 XXIII. Resident college enrollment, by region and State: 1949-50 to 1953-54 and November 1953 and 1955_ 50 XXIV. Resident college enrollment, academic year and 3rd week of fall term: continental United States, 1931-32 to 1955-56; and aggregate United States, 1949-50 to 1955-56 _ 52 VIII CONTENTS Text Tables — Continued Page XXV. Number and enrollment of institutions, by size- class of institution, by type of enrollment, and by type and control of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 54 XXVI. Summer sessions, aggregate United States, 1955: Number of institutions conducting summer ses¬ sion (s) and enrollment in each summer session, by size of student-body (November 1955), by period of enrollment, and by type and control of institution _ 68 XXVII. Total, undergraduate, and first-time resident college enrollment: 1931-32 to November 1955 _ 73 XXVIII. Full-time undergraduate resident college enrollment, by control and type of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 75 XXIX. Undergraduate and first-time resident college en¬ rollment, by sex, full- and part-time attendance, and control of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 76 XXX. High school graduates in school years 1930-31 to 1954-55, compared with first-time college stu¬ dents in ensuing academic years, 1931-32 to 1955- 56: continental United States _ 77 XXXI. Resident veteran and nonveteran enrollment, non- Federal institutions of higher education, in rela¬ tion to total population, by region and State: November 1955 _ 79 XXXII. Special and unclassified students in relation to total resident college enrollment, by control and type of institution: aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 81 XXXIII. Enrollment, by control and type of institution, and by level and type of enrollment: aggregate United States, November 1955 _ 84 XXXIV. Earned degrees conferred, by level: continental United States, 1869-70 to 1955-56; and aggregate United States: 1949-50 to 1955-56 _ 89 XXXV. Earned degrees conferred, by level, sex of recipient, and region: 1949-50 and 1953-54 to 1955-56 _ 92 XXXVI. Earned degrees conferred, by level of recipient, and field of study: aggregate United States, 1955-56- _ 96 CONTENTS IX State Tables Page 1. Faculty and students, by region and State: 1955-56 _ 104 2. Faculty, by type of position, control of institution, region, and State: November 1955 _ 110 3. Opening college-grade enrollment, by region and State: Fall 1955 _ 114 4. Resident enrollment, by region and State : November 1955 _ _ 118 5. Resident undergraduate and graduate enrollment, by level, region, and State: November 1955 _ 124 6. Extension, correspondence, short-course, and individual- lesson enrollments in November 1955, and college-grade enrollment in summer session (s) of 1955, by region and State _ 130 7. Enrollment in summer session (s) (including fourth quarter), by region and State: 1955 _ 136 8. Korean veterans enrolled in college-grade courses (resident and extension), by region and State: November 1955 _ 142 9. Earned degrees, by level, region and State: 1955-56 and 1954-55 _ _ 144 Figures 1. Resident college enrollment in November 1955, per 10,000 of total population on July 1, 1955, by State _ 78 2. Classification of total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment: November 1955 _ 82 3. Earned degrees conferred, by level: 1939-40 to 1955-56 _ 91 ■ Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1955-56 1 Number and Distribution of Institutions In 1955-56 there were in the United States (including outlying parts) 1,858 institutions of higher education (table I).2 Eight of these were in the outlying parts and 1,850 in continental United States. The total of 1,858 represents a decrease of 13, or .7 of 1 percent, from the 1,871 reported for 1953-54, but exceeds the 1,837 reported for 1951— 52 by 21, or 1.1 percent. Of the 1,858 institutions in 1955-56, those under public control numbered 655, or 35.3 percent of the total. The remaining 1,203 (64.7 percent) were under private control. Corresponding percentages in 1953-54 were public, 35.6, and private, 64.4. This shift of 0.3 of 1 percent does not necessarily reflect any change in control of institu¬ tions, since the count is based on administrative organizations, not on campuses. In some instances, for example, a State institution oper¬ ates on as many as half a dozen or more campuses; whereas a multi- campus institution under private control is less common. From a curricular standpoint, just two-thirds of the institutions were classifiable as of the general liberal arts, cultural, or preprofes¬ sional type. Liberal arts colleges giving at least 4 years of college work numbered 732 (39.4 percent of the total), and junior colleges 3 numbered 505, or 27.2 percent. Institutions of the comprehensive university type numbered 141, or 7.6 percent of the total (an increase from the 7.0 percent of this type so classified two years earlier.) Sepa¬ rately organized teachers colleges numbered 192, or 10.3 percent of 1 The collection of data, verification of original returns, and preparation of the basic tables for this study were the immediate responsibility of Diane Gertler and Hazel Poole. Each person in the Statistical Services Section contributed to one or more phases of the preparation of this publication. Acknowledgment is also made to Theodore E. Thompson, Mary R. Cox, Ada Boehly, and Lillian Robinson, who supervised or conducted the machine tabulation of data. 2 In this chapter, tables carrying Roman numerals are National or analytical tables and are interspersed throughout the text; tables carrying Arabic numerals are State tables and appear following the textual discussion. 3 Including community colleges, technical institutes, and other higher education institutions offering at least 2 but fewer than 4 years of degree-credit work immediately beyond high school. 1 Table I. — Number of institutions, by type, control, region, and State: 1955-56 co © ti z, o o o *5 3 Privately controlled ^ ENK if* riAL su eo *3 N N RV 3 EY OF EDUC^ YTION, 1 954—51 05 | ^^NiOCMhOh ^ 1 i CO CM CO s -fNNOC Publicly controlled w ® 05 ® W CM CO *0 f-H 103 CM cc ^ CO 05 ^ ^ 23 80 1C Other professional schools Privately controlled co no no 30 eo (NmX CM O CM CO 5 15 1 1 *o r>- co CM 30 Publicly controlled 10 10 © CM i rf i 1 CO Theolog¬ ical schools, privately controlled - c$ cS CM CO ■*« O »C Tj< CM w Technological schools Privately controlled © ® CM 30 CM CO eo Publicly controlled 05 w w CO CM CM ! cm I i i \ Teachers colleges Privately controlled QC 05 CO 05 CO CO e* Publicly controlled 168 168 U3 *0 ^ CM ^ CM CO cC rt< »C rf< 00 O CM Liberal arts colleges Privately controlled © 650 647 178 ^ CM Hi0>0 199 £*gj©co©co^Hoo*-CCMh CO 1 *o Publicly controlled eo ** 05 30 ac 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 »o r8CMNCOCOrH^HHCSOCMH 29 CM i-H H CO Total, all insti¬ tutions w 1,858 1,850 ® oor^^oooo^o*-*^ CSrHN CO ^ ^ •o »o OOO^^CM^CMCM^iOCO CTftOtjuO^iCCMHO^O s CO C5 Tf< IO CM CM Region and State Aggregate United States _ Continental Unit¬ ed States _ Northeast _ Connecticut _ Maine _ _ Massachusetts _ New Hamushire. _ New Jersey _ New York _ Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island _ Vermont _ North Central Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas. __ _ _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ _ Missouri _ Nebraska _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio... _ _ South Dakota _ W isconsin _ South _ _ Alabama _ Arkansas.. . . Delaware _ Florida _ HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 3 beyond the hi"h school. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 the total, which is but little different from the 10.7 percent classified as of this type in 1953-54. The other 288 institutions (15.5 percent of those in the survey for 1955-56) were separately organized schools of various types, the largest single group being that of theological schools, of which there were 124, or 6.7 percent of the total. The re¬ maining 164 institutions included 44 separately organized technologi¬ cal schools and 120 separately organized schools of medicine, law, maritime work, music, and other subjects (table I). As might be expected, the number of institutions varied widely from State to State: New York, 144; California, 131; Pennsylvania, 116; and Illinois, 100. Texas, with 103 in 1953-54, had 96 in 1955-56. At the other end of the scale, Delaware and Puerto Rico had 4 each, Wyoming 2, and Alaska, the Canal Zone, Guam, Hawaii, and Nevada, 1 each. The average per State for continental United States was 38; including the outlying parts changes this average to 34 (table I). In the count of institutions, for purposes of the present chapter, the unit is the administrative organization. A university may operate in several localities and some of its branches may conduct a program almost as varied as that of the main university. For purposes of the present tabulation, however, the organization constitutes one insti¬ tution. During the year under review the University of Nevada, for example, operated 7 undergraduate colleges and offered some gradu¬ ate work on the main campus at Reno, along with work at the under¬ graduate level in these same 7 colleges at Las Vegas and several ex¬ tension centers. In the present tabulation, however, the University of Nevada is counted as one institution. Historical Development of Higher Education Statistics on higher education were first collected by the Bureau (now Office) of Education for the academic year ending in 1870. At that time there were 563 institutions, with an estimated enrollment of 52,286 students of college grade, all in residence and virtually all doing work on the undergraduate level. Of these, approximately 9,371 took the bachelor’s degree and one (a man) took the doctorate. No master’s degrees were awarded. The total faculty was composed of 5,553 persons, of whom an estimated 666, not quite 12 percent, were women (table II). Eighty-five years later, in the fall of 1955 the total number of institutional organizations had risen to 1,858, not counting 95 or more branches of these institutions at post offices away from the main in¬ stitutions (table I). These 1,858 institutions enrolled nearly 3,000,000 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 0 students in courses creditable toward a bachelor’s or higher degree; viz, 2,661,473 resident undergraduate and graduate students, 195,490 degree-credit extension students, and 102,467 degree-credit corres¬ pondence students. In addition, the institutions enrolled a large number of nondegree-credit students of various classifications (see tables 1, 4, and 6). The institutions employed 301,582 teachers and administrative or research officers, of whom 69,475 (23.0 percent) were women (table II). In the year July 1, 1955 to June 30, 1956, the institutions conferred the bachelor’s or first professional degree on more than 311,000 persons, second-level degrees on more than 59,000, and the doctorate on nearly 9,000 (table II). From the November 1955 enrollment of undergraduate and grad¬ uate students, the total resident college-grade enrollment for the academic year 1955-56 may be estimated as approximately 2,996,000 for continental United States and 3,023,000 for aggregate United States — the largest in our history (see table XX). Furthermore, the estimated college-grade enrollment of persons without military veteran status in 1955-56 was not only the largest to date, but was larger than the total of both veteran and nonveteran college-grade enroll¬ ment 10 years earlier (see tables III and XXXI). In contrast, the college-age group (traditionally 18-21 years, but more recently, 18-24) has been decreasing since about the mid-forties (table III). This suggests that college attendance is not only a matter of college age but also of economic or social conditions. Population and Student Enrollment The estimated population of continental United States (not includ¬ ing outlying parts) in the fall of 1955 was approximately 4% times that in 1870 (table III). The population 18-21 years of age (the traditional college-age group) was in 1955 approximately 2.8 times that in 1869-70. The total estimated enrollment of college-grade students in continental United States in the academic year 1956 (2,996,000) was, by contrast, more than 57 times that in 1869-70. This later number included an estimated 284,000 graduate students. Deducting this number from the total enrollment just given leaves an estimated 2,712,000 undergraduate resident students of college grade in continental United States — still nearly 52 times the total enrollment for 1869-70. Thus it appears that whereas in 1869-70 only 1.68 percent (roughly one in 59) of the traditional undergraduate college-age group in the Nation were enrolled in institutions of higher education, by 1955-56 approximately 30.92 percent (nearly 1 in 3) were so enrolled. Table II. — Faculty , students, and degrees, 1869-70 to 1955-56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Aggregate United States i s iO 05 ©o s 00 Faculty 3 s I io O U- cm"oT s® Resident College Students 5 eo so so w 2S 1 1005 3 of U- 00 CM — < 88 IN 05 IO CM ^ 05 §8 cm" CO 05 cm 1,871 oo N o 00 CD N IO CO o cm CM 00 SO 8® 2,534,709 1, 624, 220 910, 489 S3 CM rT oo" soC^CT' io — — CM CM •*“ CM 668, 962 >» 2, 250, 701 1951-52 i - 1,837 r* eo w so N 188, 325 58, 012 so os OS eo w 1, 519, 514 799, 982 233, 778 2, 085, 718 896, 538 1, 192, 761 534, 244 2, 116, 440 Continental United States 1949-50 o 1, 851 w N r* so w 186, 189 60,533 u OS 1ft so W 1, 853, 068 805, 953 237, 208 2, 421,813 1, 039, 556 1, 387, 739 594, 126 2, 444, 900 1939-40 05 1,708 s os so 106, 328 40, 601 eo o CM 05 893, 250 600, 953 105, 748 1, 388, 455 646, 999 744, 827 417, 539 1,364,815 1929-30 GO 1,409 SO oo eo N OO 60, 017 22, 369 1, 100, 737 619,935 480,802 47, 255 1, 053, 482 273, 503 783, 975 «« 336, 997 14 839, 741 1919-20 1,041 48, 615 35. 807 12.808 597,880 314, 938 282, 942 15, 612 582, 268 192, 566 406,941 1909-10 SO 951 36, 480 29, 132 7, 348 « MS MS eo 38 1 SO iO CM 2 9, 153 346, 060 171, 847 174, 213 tt 1899-1900 ** 977 $ 00 «r 19, 151 4,717 w 05 »ft §l 152, 254 85, 338 5,831 231,761 127,663 104, 098 STS' 1889-90 » 8 3 15, 809 © © CM CO 1 " 156, 756 CO CO 1C o rr co ©CO o »o 2,382 154, 374 110,241 44, 133 1879-80 eo 00 N 3 7, 328 3 4, 194 ao w CM iO U- TT 05 00 t-r t'- CO 00 05 so o CO 00 tt 1869-70 s CO US u- so 00 so oo so ■**Tco so ao w N MS t>- 05 ss ”Sf8‘ gg I 1 1 1 Number of Institutions... Total _ Men _ . Women. _ Total _ Men . . Women _ Graduate . . Undergraduate and special 8 Professional.. _ . Liberal arts . . . First time in any college 12 Enrollment 3d week of fall term _ Earned Degrees Conferred 16 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 7 00 e» eo 199, 571 111,727 59, 440 39,413 20, 027 CO 0 05 ao 8,018 885 0 ao ae w* ot « Q O t>T»o oc 0 S3 ao CD co 2 co ccac CO — ' CD 05 05 00“ If} °°^ rH 00 00 eS &> 11 82 r» ao W5 eo CD sg »C 05 CO 05 Tf 1—1 eo ao CD r»* 05 CO 3§ O *-« « 8 8S| « ao S CM 05 1-H CO* co CD CD* IS »o 186, 500 S3 gs eo r* CD w is CO O O 05 W eo 05 %% CM* ao N 1005 s » co 00” OS CD OS »o rt< CM ^ 05 O 00* co* 05 05 CM of CO CO w w CD ss 0 8S CO 2* OS r» CJ V 05 CM CM*-h* ‘O CD »o 37, 199 (N r- coco «« eo 10 00 10 *o 10 *o eo 5 CO 27,410 co sH ao •0 O CO 88 N ao eo S8 co « Oi SI 10 » 00 co of of »o 0 CM 05 00 i-« 05 CM CD OS ao w 10 ^ 00 0* of D5 ao 00 1-H CO r-< 00 * »o 1"H CO »o « r» w os CO 00 05 r^» 05 CO i 0 0 0 rH O T. a £ Q 3® H U < PQ 6 0, CO 1 a3 w © a § CO g fe‘-'_ i i c a E - c ® ; «op ! © C c a £ P ! 1- c ® E a> o 3 & l § C o .2 co CO ® 0 g 4, -3 S C ^6 |1® IM ‘m « >> TS O ^>5 « gg-g, '' -Sljja co o Isl'Sfc P 5P fei IP CO * ® E — 52 ! fe * ® 03 > g s O OT fe as w © bc*t- t- ^ «£s.2§ * , co r £ S-, ell ssii? M - ,hc £ 3.2 « *•§ 03 is-sl* §c|S.S| “ fcl5 S k-' “-■s', 8 fg i! Co ©08 . Ill ms w ..s B . c 22 « Oo£S ll-Sd . £ c * >j§.S* 3co g’o Sdg^ -«2§ mO)°B 8^ -a-c g°e- ®.c !- , 3 — 7 ® « p3 co ~* ! « S3 © _ »0 CO ^ ?«fsa3 g^arco 2 u ■“ *i> '=,M ~ Sje ® >>®! g "3 52 o fe— O o CO OJ ^ ® o •3 O g fe E -52 "3 .2 ® C£ C w xj ® — ca t 2 g C S o 3.2 O -cw g 3 ®w • gs oi.S: o is ^ o E-® - a §.2f <)QS "® "5 25 cr §,■3 >> © si ■3*5 §1 o E ^ *0 CC3 P)$ c3-^ 05 kJ CO |g|a E^ 2 c ® E* 3 ® ® o .QCG a > > o '1^7 ■a °'i£|="IS “ f 3 w2S o-£ u | o ? ® 03 2 & E-2 «3 ■§§ L-2 fe¬ ll II |c =0 "fe — c c a i2 13 ^ -Sill! „®coc3 — .2 c3 ® fe >. fe » CS .3 « = • x> - .2 -WQPJ feC, 1 « - “= JG' M’S fi o .2 fe « » E&l-aog Be feg-®s gis-3 fcx£ ■£3§-g|| 3£fe3£5 473261 0—58 - 2 Table III. — Population and student enrollment in higher education: continental United States , 1869-70 to 1955-56 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-56 Ratios Resident under- graduate enroll¬ ment to popula¬ tion 18-21 - ( 3 ) (3) 2. 99 3. 91 4.99 7.88 11.89 14. 57 13. 79 12.08 19. 33 26. 95 27. 22 24.06 26. 61 31.77 ££££££ ! © 8 i i i Popula¬ tion 18-24 o 1.14 1.63 1.78 2. 29 2.89 4. 66 7. 20 9.09 8. 47 7. 37 12.31 16. 32 16. 82 15. 15 17.21 20. 35 8. 92 8. 48 10. 94 12. 36 14. 93 16. 83 Popula¬ tion 18-21 at 1.68 2. 72 3. 04 4.01 5. 12 8.09 12. 42 15.68 14. 68 12. 73 20. 84 28. 87 29.88 26. 78 29.90 35. 10 15. 10 15. 01 19.44 21.84 25.93 29.03 Total popu¬ lation 00 0. 13 .23 .25 .31 .39 .57 .90 1. 14 1.05 .86 1.27 1.82 1.79 1.50 1.59 1.82 .92 .95 1. 16 1.22 1.38 1.51 Resident college enrollment 2 Graduate is asss ssis ssii £Sef,tf SW gggg ££££££ Under¬ graduate C© U) 154, 374 231, 761 346, 060 582, 268 1, 053, 482 1, 388, 456 4 1, 318, 547 4 1, 096, 041 1, 555, 599 2, 441,830 2, 421, 813 2, 068, 557 2, 237, 713 4 2, 712, 000 ££££££ Total 52, 286 115,817 156, 7.56 237, 592 355, 213 597, 880 1.100, 737 1, 494, 203 1, 403, 990 * 1, 155, 272 1, 676, 851 2, 616, 262 2, 659, 021 2, 301, 8*4 2 514, 712 8 2, 996, 000 §11111 Population 4 Ages 18-24 1 i 4, 574, 000 7, 092, 000 8, 820, 000 10, 357, 000 12, 300, 000 12, 830, 000 15, 280, 000 16, 439, 000 16, 569, 000 15, 668, 000 13, 620, 000 16, ail, 000 15, 808, 000 15, 198. 000 14,610,000 14, 722, 000 13, 620, 000 16, 031, 000 15, 808. 000 15, 198, 000 14, 610, 000 14, 722. 000 Ages 18-21 eo 3, Hi), 000 4, 2.53, 000 5, 160, 000 5,931,000 6, 934, 000 7, 386, 000 8, 862, 000 9, 528, 000 9, 563, 000 9, 074, 000 8. 048, 000 9, 062, 000 8, 898. 000 8, 597, 000 8, 410, 000 8, 536, 000 8,048,000 9, 062. 000 8, 898, 000 8, 597, 000 8, 410, 000 8, 536, 000 Total N 39, 818, 449 50,155,783 62, 947, 714 75, 994, 575 90, 492, 000 104, 512, 000 121,770,000 130, 880, 000 133, 121, 000 134, 245, 000 132, 481, 000 143, 446, 000 148, 665, 000 153, 384. 000 158, 313, 000 164. 303, 000 132, 481, 000 143, 446, 000 148, 665, 000 153, 384, 000 158,313,000 164, 303, 000 c i t i j [ j i 5 - I. Entire Resident College Enrollment: 1869-70 _ 1879-80 _ 1889-90 _ 1899-1900 _ 1909-10 _ 1919-20 _ 1929-30 _ 1939-40 _ 1941-42 _ _ 1943-44 _ 1945-46 _ 1947-48 _ _ 1949-50 _ 1951-o2 _ _ _ _ 1953-54 _ 1955-56 _ II. Nonveteran Students Only: 1945-46 _ 1947-48 _ 1949-50 _ 1951-52 _ 1953-54 _ 1955-56 _ I .S S I 1 HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 9 For the past several years a constantly increasing proportion of the enrollment in higher education has been made up of graduate students, or students in professional schools, entrance to which is predicated on at least some prebaccalaureate training in arts and sciences. Many of these students are beyond the traditional college- age group of 18 to 21 years. This group is thus no longer as reliable a measure of student enrollment potential as it once was. The age- group 18-24 would appear to be a more useful measure under present conditions. In 1919-20 the 597,880 resident students in higher education (con¬ tinental United States only) constituted 4.60 percent of the total of 12,989,000 persons in the 18-24-year age group. Ten years later the corresponding percent was 7.11, and in 1939-40 it was 9.00. From that year to the present it has moved irregularly upward until in 1955-56 it was estimated that 19.78 percent of this age group was enrolled for resident work in higher education (table III). Practi¬ cally four-fifths of these students were nonveterans; that is, persons enrolled for higher education without the benefits of the so-called GI bills (table XXXI). Thus, in the academic year under review, non¬ veterans enrolled as resident students in higher education constituted 16.36 percent (roughly one-sixth) of the 18-24-year age group of the total population of continental United States (table III). The Biennium in Review The 2-year period which ended with the various university and college graduation exercises of 1956 was the first for which biennial comparisons have been made available for what is now designated as the “aggregate United States” (continental United States plus its outlying parts). From this point on, therefore, the data will deal with this larger unit except where specific statement is made to the contrary. The biennial period continued the tradition of quantitative in¬ crease, for many years a characteristic of higher education in the United States. For every five persons registered for resident work of college grade in the fall of 1953, there were six so registered in the fall of 1955 (table IV). Students coming to college and university campuses for cheir first year of instruction at the college level showed a slightly larger increase (22.2 percent) and enrollment of students at the graduate level increased by approximately one-eighth. Students registered for work in college-grade extension increased from 152,000 in the fall of 1953 to 195,000 in the fall of 1955: an increase of well over 25 percent. Those taking their college work by correspondence 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-56 in 1955 numbered somewhat more than 8 percent above the number so registered in 1953. The total number of different persons on the faculty (for teaching, research, and administration) rose from 268,000 in 1953-54 to 302,000 in 1955-56: a gain of 12.5 percent. Faculty offering resident work of college grade on the various campuses increased from 209,000 in 1953 to nearly 230,000 in 1955: an increase of 10 percent. Adminis¬ trative staffs (which in 1955 included professional staff for student personnel services) increased by one-third. Faculty engaged in re¬ search, extension, library service, correspondence instruction, and other activities also increased at varying rates (Table IV) . Degrees followed the trend of increase. At the level of the bache¬ lor’s and first professional degree, the rate of increase was a little more than 6 percent; at the second level, the rate was just under 6 percent, although at this level degrees conferred on women increased more than 7 percent. At the level of the doctorate a slight decrease (1 percent) occurred from 1953-54 to 1955-56. This decrease was due to a decrease of 2 percent in conferrals on men; those on women increased 8.6 percent (from 815 in 1953-54 to 885 in 1955-56) (table IV). Table IV. — Faculty , by type of position; enrollment , by curricular and student characteristics; and degrees , by sex of recipient and level: aggregate United States , 1955-56 and 1953-54 Item Number of Institutions . . Faculty (Total) November: Total number of different persons . . General administration . . . . . . Resident instruction, total . . . Degree-credit courses, total . . . . . . Department heads, professors, instructors . Full-time equivalent . . . Junior instructional staff (assistants, fellows, etc.). Nondegree-credit courses (vocational and adult -educa¬ tion) _ _ _ Professional library staff. . . . . . . Organized research _ Extension: Giving courses _ _ _ _ _ Agriculture and home economics 1 . . County agents: agriculture, home demonstration, 4-H 1 Others in extension service _ _ _ Correspondence, short courses, and individual lessons . Elementary and secondary instruction: High school grades unified with junior college _ Laboratory, demonstration, training schools: Elementary, including nursery, and kindergarten. Secondary . Other faculty . Summer Session j Degree-Credit Courses: Main session . . . . . All sessions . . All institutions, 1955-56 Public Private Total 1953-54 2 3 4 5 655 1, 203 1,858 1, 871 161, 345 140,237 301, 582 268, 028 8, 687 13, 536 22, 223 16, 608 123, 818 122, 637 246, 455 221, 982 114,349 115, 286 229, 635 208, 547 98, 547 100, 785 199, 332 182, 028 78, 302 74, 169 152, 471 140, 304 15, 802 14,501 30, 303 26, 519 5,343 2,962 8,305 5,560 4, 126 4, 389 8,515 7, 875 16, 648 10, 408 27, 056 23, 374 9,233 3, 163 12, 396 11, 682 3, 707 35 3, 742 3, 269 10, 576 84 10,660 9,200 486 18 504 472 5,979 4,232 10,211 8,389 191 847 1,038 1, 374 2, 851 1. 010 3, 861 3, 516 2, 339 1,007 3,346 2, 608 408 77 485 430 33, 521 24, 464 57, 985 43, 927 43, 204 31. 297 74, 501 67, 660 All insti- footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 11 Table IV. — Faculty , by type of position; enrollment , by curricular and student characteristics; and degrees , by sex of recipient and level: aggregate United States , 1955-56 and 1953-54 — Continued Item All institutions, 1955-56 All insti¬ tutions. Public Private Total 1953-54 I 2 3 4 5 Faculty (Men) November: Total number of different persons _ _ _ _ _ 123, 256 108, 851 232, 107 206,205 6,239 96,061 9,036 96,068 15, 275 192, 129 12, 103 171,863 Resident instruction, total _ _ _ Degree-credit courses, total _ _ _ _ Department heads, professors, instructors _ .. _ 90,800 92, 326 183, 126 165, 196 78, 123 80, 076 158, 199 143, 693 Full-time equivalent... . _ _ ... 61,401 57, 741 119, 142 108, 865 Junior instructional staff (assistants, fellows, etc.). 12, 677 12, 250 24, 927 21,503 Non degree-credit courses (vocational and adult-educa- tion). . . . . . . 3,940 2,487 6,427 4, 259 Professional library staff. .. _ .. ... . ... 1, 321 1, 255 2,576 2,408 Organized research . . ... . . . . . . . . 15, 039 8, 998 24,037 20, 852 Extension: Giving courses . . . . . . . 7, 432 2,364 9,796 2,840 9,358 Agriculture and home economics 1 _ . 2, 813 27 2,370 County agents: agriculture, home demonstration, 4-H L 6, 477 55 6,532 5,594 Others in extension service. _ _ 415 12 427 376 Correspondence, short courses, and individual lessons _ 4,583 2,756 7,339 5,846 Elementary and secondary instruction: High school grades unified with junior college... . 115 540 655 825 Laboratory, demonstration, training schools: Elementary, including nursery, and kindergarten. . 514 219 733 670 Secondary . . . . .. . 1. 217 569 1,786 392 1, 350 Other faculty _ 325 67 336 Summer Session 2 Degree-Credit Courses: Main session _ . ... ... _ ......... 25, 858 17, 510 43. 368 31, 932 All sessions _ ... . . . . . . . . 33, 412 22, 790 56,202 50,345 Faculty (Women) November: Total number of different persons _ . .... 38, 089 31, 386 69, 475 61,823 General administration _ _ _ _ 2, 448 27, 757 4,500 26,569 6, 948 54, 326 4,505 50, 119 Resident instruction, total _ _ _ Degree-credit courses, total _ .. _ _ 23, 549 22, 960 46,509 43. 351 Department heads, professors, instructors. . . 20, 424 20,709 41, 133 38, 335 Full-time equivalent... ... ... . . . . . . 16, 901 16,428 33, 329 31, 439 Junior instructional staff (assistants, fellows, etc.).. 3, 125 2, 251 5, 376 5,016 Nondegree-credit courses (vocational and adult- education). .. .. . ..... _ 1,403 475 1,878 1,301 Professional library staff. . . .. ...... 2, 805 3, 134 5, 939 5, 467 Organized research . _ .... ... ...... _ 1,609 1,410 3,019 2,522 Extension: Giving courses. .. . _ _ ... . _ . . 1,801 799 2,600 2, 324 Agriculture and home economics 1 _ _ _ 894 8 902 899 County agents: 1 agriculture, home demonstration, 4-H. 4,099 29 4, 128 3,606 Others in extension service. .... _ . . _ 71 6 77 96 Correspondence, short courses, and individual lessons. . ... 1,396 1,476 2, 872 2,543 Elementary and secondary instruction: High school grades unified with junior college ..... . 76 307 383 549 Laboratory, demonstration, training schools: Elementary, including nursery, and kindergarten.. 2, 337 791 3, 128 2, 846 Secondary . . . . . . ... _ .. 1, 122 438 1,560 1, 258 Other faculty . . . .. ... . .. 83 10 93 94 Summer Session 2 Decree-Credit Courses: Main session.. _ _ _ _ . _ .. 7,663 6, 954 14, 617 11, 995 All sessions _ ........ . ... . ... . 9,792 8, 507 18.299 17, 315 See footnotes at end of table. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 Table IV. — Faculty , by type of position; enrollment , by curricular and student characteristics; and degrees , by sex of recipient and level: aggregate United States , 1955-56 and 1953-54 — Continued Item All institutions, 1955-56 All insti¬ tutions, 1953-54 Public Private Total > 2 3 4 5 Enrollment 650, 408 1, 617, 070 1, 471, 475 412, 092 1,241,983 1, 189, 998 1, 062, 500 2, 859, 053 2, 661,473 807, 724 2, 380, 674 2, 218, 287 Undergraduate . . . - . . . . 1. 348, 037 1, 062, 204 2, 410, 241 1, 994, 455 Full-time _ _ _ _ 1, 067, 875 280, 162 800, 072 262, 132 1, 867, 947 542, 294 1, 566, 068 428, 387 123, 438 127, 794 251, 232 223, 832 145, 595 51, 985 197, 580 162, 387 Adult-education. _ _ _ _ _ 118, 252 27, 343 43, 185 8,800 161, 437 36, 143 162, 387 Terminal occupational . . . Special or unclassified 3 _ 69, 325 81, 950 151, 275 143, 724 First-time students 4 . . . . - . . 415, 424 294, 027 709, 451 580, 535 Full-time . . - - . - . . 343, 297 72, 127 238, 218 55, 809 581, 515 127, 936 492, 701 87, 834 Part-time _ _ _ _ _ _ - Extension Students, November 223, 374 52, 622 275, 996 203, 498 Degree-credit .. - . - . - 156, 294 67, 080 39, 196 13, 426 195, 490 80, 506 152, 900 50, 598 Nondegree-credit _ Resident and Extension, Degree-Credit: 3d week of fall term, total _ _ _ .. . . 1, 530 888 414, 495 1, 627, 769 1, 190, 041 275, 140 1, 229, 194 2, 720, 929 689, 635 2, 856, 963 2, 250, 701 571, 533 2, 371, 187 3d week of fall term, first-time students 8 _ _ November, total _ _ . _ Veterans 8 .. . . - - . - . 267, 768 192, 398 460, 166 277, 507 World War II (P. L. 16 and 346) . . . 14, 771 252, 997 29, 123 163, 275 43, 894 416, 272 135, 102 142, 405 Korean conflict (P. L. 550 and 894) . Other Enrollments, November: Correspondence students _ _ _ _ _ _ 98, 583 58, 287 156, 870 136, 775 Degree-credit . . . . . 80, 197 18, 386 22, 270 36, 017 102, 467 54, 403 94, 784 41, 991 Nondegree-credit . . . . . . . Short courses _ _ .. . . . . 43, 332 15, 087 58, 419 56, 967 Individual lessons 3, 482 20, 305 23, 787 19, 123 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 13 TabU IV. — Faculty , by type of position; enrollment , by curricular and student characteristics ; and degrees , by sex of recipient and level: aggregate United States , 1955-56 and 1953-54 — Continued Item All institutions, 1955-56 All insti¬ tutions, 1953-54 Public Private Total 1 2 3 4 5 Earned degrees conferred Bachelors’ and Ist-Professional, Total 7. . _ ._ . 162, 237 149, 061 311,298 292,880 Men _ _ _ _ 100, 127 62, 110 99,444 49, 617 199, 571 111,727 187, 500 105, 380 Women _ . _ _ . .. _ Master’s, Except Ist-Professional, Total 8 . . . . 33. 241 26, 199 59, 440 56, 823 Men _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 21,890 11,351 17, 523 8, 676 39, 413 20, 027 38, 147 18, 676 Women . _ _ _ _ Doctor’s, Total . . --- - - - . - _ 4,583 4, 320 8,903 8,996 Men ... . ... _ . . . . . 4, 169 414 3, 849 471 8,018 885 8, 181 815 Women . . . . .... _ 1 Land-grant institutions only. 2 Summer sessions of 1955 and 1953, respectively. 3 Included in the number of resident degree-credit students as “undergraduate” or “graduate” according to the level of work pursued, and insofar as appropriate, in the number of veteran degree-credit students. 4 Resident students enrolled for the first time in any college. Included in the number of resident under¬ graduate degree-credit students. 5 Resident and extension students enrolled for the first time in any college. Included in “3d week of 1955 fall term, total” above. The number of first-time students in the extension component is understated. In some institutions, although data on total degree-credit students in extension were complete, data on first¬ time students in extension were not available at the time the fall-enrollment report was completed. 8 Included in the number of resident or extension degree-credit students, as appropriate. 7 Includes bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, and such first-professional degrees as M. D., LL. B., D. D. S., and B. D. Also includes certain master’s degrees when they constitute the first-professional degree in their respective fields. 8 Includes degrees beyond the bachelor’s or first-professional level, but below the doctorate. This category does not include such degrees as Master of Library Science, Master of Social Work, Master of Business Administration, etc. when these constitute first-professional degrees. The result of all this expansion is a higher education system which in 1955-56 included 1,858 institutions, classifiable into 7 fairly well- defined groups: universities, liberal arts colleges, teachers colleges, technological schools, theological schools, other professional schools, and non-degree institutions. The last-named group is carried in this chapter under the general heading, “Junior Colleges.” Of the approximately 3,000,000 students of college grade in aggregate United States in 1955-56, approximately 1,245,000 (roughly 40 per¬ cent) were in the 141 universities (table V). At the other end of the scale in size, the 124 theological schools reported only a little over 33,000 (just over 1 percent). Table V. — Faculty , students, and degrees, by type and control of institutions: aggregate United States, 1955-56 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 54-5 6 •o I i § i Junior colleges 1 Private co cm SSISlss §!s s 1 309 688 43 26 il| Public 2 i 17, 728 1,527 17, 449 13, 507 13, 274 9, 650 233 3,515 427 4 728 259 186 47 26 2 2,722 3,169 Other profes¬ sional schools Private 2 o 10, 285 703 9, 157 8, 779 7, 248 3, 915 1,531 199 179 102 316 2 1,291 1,910 2, 047 Public - o 4,435 90 3, 408 3,277 2, 664 1,052 613 67 64 680 16 261 333 CM 3$ Theo¬ logical schools Private ® 3 SSSSSSS “Is s « ctetfin 3 3 i gs Technological schools Private OS £ SSlsSal 135 - r.* T 1 i 1 1 O 1 *\ 1 s *8 CO CO IS § - i 1 s§ 00 IsS r I p: ; i! OS 1 1 Os’ Sa oTt> E§ 1 •o at >tes at end of table. Table V. — Faculty, students, and degrees, by type and control of institutions: aggregate United States, 1955-56— Continued 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1954-5 6 Junior colleges 1 Private 2 Public « 1 1 1 1 Other profes¬ sional schools Private e* 5,804 4, 996 808 460 to to CO 1-H 43 CO CO Public s 1,467 1, 101 366 224 174 50 124 Theo¬ logical schools Private 0 00 8 4, 400 608 578 479 99 122 U- to Technological schools Private Oi 5, 399 4, 996 403 1,381 1,358 23 386 380 6 Public |-| 1 4,842 4, 708 134 499 tO 1 e* ! Teachers colleges O- c3 > 1 1,435 314 1, 121 718 to CO CO GO CO CO 00 cs g S'0 ’S s e§! ® ® "S ^ £-sl cc O t- ftEa3^5« - ft V G cu o> O u 0 c«>5§c ^5 t m g co © «C §> 1 §•§ sic O S3 O 3 ° So CO g to co S’ £ ® i -ois 0 Cl£ 22 Cs^wEic $ Si « c a a 9 ® ca 2 {- £ iS 'G slltSI |§g 0 „ . . iJaSlg . Gts .g,o g C3 5 a - M H ~g.S !**§ ill ti¬ ll Hm % o H £ C a* G be 5 a > x> " So c/T C3 .2 8. a os fl.c II c £ ,C ^ S 3 O -t-s tx oo C5 ™ — £.212 c o . sc « 2 SQ’S'p! fiCgCMO ( • t Ch w cS&> £,0 >»< "SQ^il-gg fc-. ^ ^ TQ o ® S? £ o>.g f