1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary Office of Education Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1952-54 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF EDUCATION 1-tB 2 6 1998 U.S DEPT OF EDUCATION UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1959 OFFICE OF EDUCATION Created March 2, 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department , July 1, 1869 Transferred to the Federal Security Agency, July 1, 1939 Federal Security Agency renamed U S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, April 11, 1953 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL.D. March lk, 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Ph. D., LL.D. March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L.H.D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William T. Harris, Ph. D., LL.D. September 12, 1889, to June 30, 1906 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph. D., LL.D. July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1911 Philander Priestley Claxton, Litt. D., LL.D. July 8, 1911, to June 1, 1921 John James Tigert, M.A. (Oxon), Ed. D., LL.D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed. D., Litt. D., LL.D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph. D., LL.D., Litt. D. July 11, 1933, to June 30, 193k John W. Studebaker, LL.D. October 28, 193k , to July 15, 19k8 Earl James McGrath, Ph. D., Litt. D., LL.D. March 18, 19k9, to April 22, 1953 Lee M. Thurston, Ph. D. July 2, 1953, to September k , 1053 Samuel Miller Brownell, Ph. D. November 16, 1953, to August 31, 1956 Lawrence G. Derthick, LL.D. December 19, 1956 ii * r / I 3 / J L 111 . A323 1952-54 Biennial survey of education in the United States CONTENTS Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54. 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1953-54. 4. Section I. Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Stu¬ dents, and Degrees, 1953-54. Section II. Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Ex¬ penditures, and Property, 1953-54. 5. Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53. 6. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1953-54. in INDEX A Academic year, resident college enrollment, 4:1: 30-32 Accounting, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Accounts : basic, distribution of city school ex¬ penditures, 3 : 19-21 major, full-time day schools, 3 : 38—153 Acres of school land, number, 2 : 98—99 Activities : international educational, 1 : 83-86 recreational, local basic administrative units, 2 : 46-47 Additions to physical plant, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 118-122 Adjustments, selected financial data, 1953- 54 dollar, 2:118 Administrative expenditures : full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 higher education institutions, 4 : II : 104-117 intermediate and local administrative units, 2 : 80-81 state departments of education, 2 : 78-79 Administrative organization, public ele¬ mentary and secondary education, 2 : 2-4 Administrative staff, city school systems, 3 : 12-13 Administrative units : intermediate, 2 : 3 current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 statistics, by State, 2 : 30-31 localbasic (school districts) : current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 number, 1 : 4-5 ; 2 : 34-35 one-teacher schools, 2 : 38-39 personnel, 2 : 32-33, 46-49 pupils, 2 : 36-37 type of program operated, 2 : 34-35 statistical summary of education, 1 : 3 Adult education : current expenditures, 2 : 90-91 ; 3 : 14- 16, 23-26, 35 employees, 2 : 64-65 enrollment, 4 : I : 46, 108-113 instructional staff, 4 : I : 94 part-time schools, current expenditures, 3 : 23-26 personnel and attendance, 3 : 33 Age groups, proportion, school-age popula¬ tion, 2 : 6-7 Agriculture : professional curricula enrollment, 4:1: 124-125 vocational education, 1 : 40-41 Americanization schools : current expenditures, 3 : 23-26, 35 personnel and attendance, 3 : 33 Anthropology, earned degrees, 1 : 58 •Annual expenditure per pupil : average daily attendance, 2:19 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 19, 36-37 Annual salary, instructional staff, public elementary and secondary schools : average, 1 : 36-37 ; 2 : 18-19 changes in average and national per capita income, 3 : 20 comparison with personal income for member of labor force, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 84- 85 see salaries Annuity funds, higher education institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 97, 103, 123-129 Appropriations, municipal, city school sys¬ tems, 3:17 Architecture, professional curricula enroll¬ ment, 4:1: 124-125 Armore, Sidney J., and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expenditures and Property, 1953-54, 4 : II : 1-137 Assets, plant, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 123-129 Astronomy, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Attendance and personnel : city school systems, 3 : 10-12, 31, 38-153 colleges, 3 : 33 distribution by school level, 3 : 32-33 full-time day schools, 3 : 10-12, 38-153 normal schools, 3 : 33 universities, 3 : 33 Attendance : average daily, 1 : 33-34 ; 2 : 19, 36-37, 102-103 ; 3 : 5, 10, 22-24, 31, 38-153 personnel, local basic administrative units, 2 : 48-49 Audio-visual materials, public school li¬ braries, expenditures for, 6 : 48-49 Auxiliary enterprises, higher education, 4 : II : 41, 74-88, 104-117 Average annual salary : comparison, national per capita personal income, 3 : 20 instructional staff, 1 : 32, 36-37 ; 2 : 18- 19, 84-85 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 Average daily attendance, public elementary and secondary schools : expenditures, 2 : 19, 102-103 ; 3 : 22-24 full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 historical summary, 2 : 62-63 local basic administrative units, 2 : 36- 37 per teacher, 3 : 10 percent of enrollment, 3 : 5 selected ratios, 1 : 33-34 trend, 2 : 10-11 Average length, school term, public elemen¬ tary and secondary schools, 1 : 33-34 Average resident college enrollment, 4 : I : 16 Awards, Fulbright, number of students, 1 : 85 B Bachelor’s and 1st professional degrees, 1 : 56-59 ; 4 : I : 71-77 Badger, Henry G., and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Fac¬ ulty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54, 4:1: 1-142 Statistics of Higher Education : Re¬ ceipts, Expenditures and Property, 1953-54, 4 : II : 1-137 Balances and receipts, city school systems, 3 : 34 Basic accounts, distribution, city school ex¬ penditures, 3 : 19-21 Basic administrative units : average daily attendance, 2 : 36-37, 48- 49 current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 definition, 2 : 3-4 number, 1 : 4—5 1-teacher schools, 2 : 38-39 personnel, 2 : 32-33, 46-49 type of program, 2 : 34—35 Beust, Nora E. and Foster, Emery M. : Sta¬ tistics of Public School Libraries, 1953- 54, 6 : 1-73 Biennium review, higher education, 4:1:1 Biological sciences, earned degrees, 1 : 57 Boards of education : school districts, 2 : 30-33 State, 2 : 2, 28-29, 78-79 Bonded indebtedness : by States, 2 : 98-99 city school districts, 3 : 27-30 Bonds and sinking funds, city school sys¬ tems, 3 : 29, 37 Books, libraries in public schools : expenditures, 2 : 82-83 ; 6 : 48-62 stock, 6 : 24-29, 36, 38, 46—17 Boys, public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 50-51 Buildings and improvements, higher educa¬ tion institutions, 4 : II : 118-119 Business and commerce : earned degrees, 1 : 58 enrollment, 4 : 124-125 C Capital outlay : city school systems, 3 : 25-27 ; 3 : 36 educational Institutions, 1 : 14 public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 20, 95 publicly owned school plants, 2 : 94 Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2: 116-117 Census, 1950, 3 : 31 Centralized public school libraries, 6 : 50-62 Changing patterns of higher education, 4 : 1 : 8-9 Chemistry, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Chiropody and podiatry, professional cur¬ ricula enrollment, 4:1: 120-121 City : bonded indebtedness, school districts, 3 : 27-30 school systems: classification, 3 : 2 expenditures, 1 : 47-49 ; 3 : 19-21, 24 library statistics, 6 : 50-62 -sized groups, 1950 census, 3 : 31-37 universities, colleges, normal schools, personnel and attendance, 3 : 33 Civilian noninstitutional population, school enrollment, 1 : 8-9 Classes, special, exceptional children, public school systems, 1 : 38 Classical languages, earned degrees, 1 : 57 Classification, city school systems, 3 : 2 Classroom teachers : by sex, 2 : 44—45 Negro, 2 : 108-109 public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 42-45 Clerical staff : city school systems, 3 : 38—153 local basic administrative units, 2 : 48-49 Commerce and business, professional cur¬ ricula enrollment, 4:1: 124-125 Commissions of education, or State boards, 2 : 28-29 Community : colleges, 2 : 40-41, 64-65, 99-91 services, expenditures, 2 : 88-89 Comparative summary : public school systems, fiscal data, 1 : 44-47 ; 3 : 34-37 general statistical data, 1 : 42-43 ; 3 : 31-33 Comparison : average annual salaries, city school sys¬ tems and national per capita personal income, 3 : 20 high school graduates and first-time college students, 4 : I : 58 white and Negro schools, 2: 112-113 Comparison of 1953-54, 1947-48, and 1941- 42 data on public school libraries, 6 : 33-34 INDEX 3 Consolidation of schools, 1 : 27-28 Construction, unfinished, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 118-119 Consultants, public elementary and sec¬ ondary day schools, 2 : 42-43 Continuation, part-time schools, 3 : 14-16, 23-26, 33, 35 Contributed services, estimated value, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 37 Correspondence and extension enrollment : college-grade, 4 : I : 49 higher education, 1 : 55 level by sex and region, 4:1: 108-113 noncollege, 4 : 1 : 50 County government, revenue receipts, city school systems, 3 : 17 County rural school systems served by librarians, 6 : 15-16, 39-43 Courses : adult education, vocational, 4:1:94 college grade, 4:1:92 extension, 4 : 1 : 94 Crippled children, enrollment in special schools and classes, 5:11, 20-21, 24-54 Current expenditures : higher institutions: auxiliary enterprises, 4 : II : 104- 117 educational and general purposes, 4 : II : 104-117 percentage analysis, 4 : II : 56-60 plant additions, 4 : II : 65 scholarships, fellowships, prizes, 4 : II: 104-417 public schools: adult education, community col¬ leges, public summer elementary and secondary, 2 : 90-91 average daily attendance, 2 : 102- 103 full-time day, 3 : 38-153 instruction, 2 : 82-83 local and intermediate administra¬ tive units, 2 : 80-81 part-time and summer, 3 : 23-26 per pupil, 2 : 19 ; 3 : 22-24 percentage analysis, 3 : 22 plant operation, maintenance, fixed charges, 2 : 86-87 summary, 2 : 16-18, 76-77 State boards and education depart¬ ments, 2 : 78-79 Current income, higher institutions, 4 : II : 18-44, 74-88 Curricula, professional, higher education en¬ rollment, 4:1: 120-129 D Day schools, public : attendance, 2 : 60-63, 102-103 ; 3 : 7-12 classroom teachers, 2 : 44-45 enrollment, 1 : 6-7 ; 2 : 7-12, 52-57, 60- 61 ; 3 : 5-6, 9 Day schools, public — Continued expenditures, 2 : 82-83, 102-103 instructional staff, average salary, 2 : 84-85 length of school year, 3 : 10-12 personnel, 3 : 38-153 Deaf children, enrollment in special schools and classes, 5 : 11, 22-23, 73-76 Debt Service : city school systems, 2 : 96-97 ; 3 : 17, 36 expenditures by State, 2 : 96-97 Decrease, one-teacher schools, 1 : 28 Degrees : bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, 1 : 54, 56- 59 ; 4 : I : 71-77 earned, 1 : 54, 56-60, 69-77 ; 4 : 1 : 70- 77 engineering, 1 : 60-62 ; 4 : I : 72-73 higher education, 1 : 53-54 ; 4 : I : 20- 21, 67-76 historical summary, 1 : 50 Negro institutions, 1 : 80-81 ; 4 : 1 : 20- 21 outlying parts of United States, 4:1: 17 trends, 4:1: 67-68 U.S. outlying parts, 1 : 68 ; 4 : I : 17 Demonstration or training school faculty, 4 : 1 : 94 Denominational schools, enrollment, instruc¬ tional staff, 2 : 115 Dental hygienists, school districts, 2 : 46-47 Dentistry : earned degrees, 1 : 57 enrollment, 4:1: 120-121 Dentists, school districts, 2 : 46-47 Departmental research, higher education ex¬ penditures, 4 : II : 104-117 Deputy and assistant superintendents, full¬ time day schools, 3 : 38-153 Dining halls and dormitories, higher insti¬ tutions : expenditures, 4 : II : 104-117 income, 4 : II : 74-88 Distributive occupations, 1 : 40—41 Distribution : city school expenditures among basic accounts, 3 : 19-21 college enrollment by regions : 4 : I : 36-38 higher institutions: income and expenditures, 1 : 65-66 number, 4:1:2 District of Columbia, Negro public school statistics, 1 : 72-78 Districts : city school, bonded indebtedness, 3 : 27-30 school: distribution, attendance, pupils, 2 : 36-37 personnel, 2 : 32-33 programs operated, 2 : 34—35 special education services, 5 : 16-17 Doctor’s degree, 1 : 56-59 ; 4 : 1 : 71-77 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 4 Dormitories and dining halls, higher edu¬ cation : expenditures, 4 : II : 104-117 income, 4 : II : 74-87 E Earned degrees, 1 : 54, 56—59, 4:1: 69-77 Earnings, endowment, higher education in¬ stitutions, 4 : II : 130 Economics, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Educable mentally retarded, enrollment in special schools and classes, 5 : 20-21, 24-54 Education : adult, 2 : 64-65, 90-91 ; 3 : 33-35 ; 4 : 1 : 46 broad range, 1 : 1-18 degrees conferred!, 1 : 56 exceptional children, 1 : 35-40 ; 5 : 1-75 Federal funds, 1 : 15-18 higher, 1 : 49-69 ; 4:1: 1-129 ; 4 : II : 1-132 State boards, 2 : 2, 28-29, 78-79 State departments, 2 : 3, 28-29, 78-79 statistical summary, 1 : 31 veterans, training, 1 : 69 vocational, 1 : 40-41 Educational income, public sources of, 4 : II : 32 Elementary and secondary education : historical summary, 1 : 19-23 ; 2i: 26-27 income sources, 1 : 13 instructional staff salary, 1 : 32 nonpublic, 2 : 24-25 public, 1:30; 2 : 2-4, 13-21 retention rates, 1 : 10-11 statistical summary, 1 : 19-44 Enrollment : ages 5-17, public schools, 2 : 7 Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 116-117 engineering, 1 : 60-63 exceptional children, 1 : 38 ; 5 : 19-76 first-time college students, 4:1: 54-57, 96-101 full-time day schools, 1 : 6-7 ; 3 : 5-6, 38-153 grades: city schools systems, 8 : 6-10 continental U.S., 1:26; 2 : 52-53 State school systems, 2 : 7-10, 50-61 higher education: adult, 4:1: 46-47 by sex, 4:1: 30-32, 34-35, 108-119 correspondence, 4:1: 49-51 extension, 4:1: 40-41, 47-48, 108- 113 foreign students, 1 : 85 full-time undergraduate, 4:1:43 historical summary, 1 : 50-51 level, 4:1: 62-66 men and women, 4:1: 30-32, 34-35 Enrollment — Continued higher education — continued Negro, 1 : 79-81 ; 4 : 1 : 20-21 part-time undergraduate, 4:1: 44- 45 professional curricula, 1:55; 4:1: 120-129 public and private institutions, 4 : 1 : 41-52 related factors, 4:1: 66-67 resident, 4:1:7, 12-16, 30-32, 40- 57, 59-60, 96-107 summer session, 1 : 55 : 4:1: 53, 102-107 in schools with library service 6 : 21-24, 38, 44-45 junior college, 1 : 63 ; 4:1:9 kindergarten through 8th grade, 2 : 9 Negro, public schools, 1 : 74-78, 80-81 ; 2 : 110-113 9th-12th grades and postgraduate, 2 : 10 nonpublic schools, 2 : 115 public and private schools and colleges, 1 : 8-9 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 3, 6-10, 23-27, 33-34 ; 2 : 7-12, 50-65; 3: 5-10, 38-153 ; 6: 44-47 subcollegiate, 4:1: 114-119 total, all levels, 1 : 3 vocational, federally aided, 1 : 40-41 Elementary and secondary schools : number of teachers, 1 : 12 Catholic, 2 : 116-117 city systems, 3 : 1-153 Negro, 1 : 72-79 ; 2 : 21-24, 104-105, 110-111 State systems, 2 : 1-117 Elementary teachers, public schools, 1 : 12 ; 2 : 44-45 Endowments, higher institutions : definition, 4 : II : 67 earnings, 4 : II : 74-88, 130 funds, 4 : II : 97-103, 123-129 receipts for increase, 4 : II : 47-48 totals, 4:11: 67-70 Engineering : earned degrees, 1 : 56-57, 60-63 enrollment, 4:1: 126-127 English, earned degrees, 1 : 57 Equipment and furniture, higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 118-119 Estimated value, contributed services, higher educational institutions, 4 : II : 37 Exchange programs, international, for stu¬ dents and teachers, 1 : 83-85 Exceptional children : enrollment, public school systems, 1 : 39 ; 5 : 1-75 identification of, 5:5 provisions for, 5 : 6 residential schools, 1 : 4-5, 13 special schools and classes, teachers, 1 : 38 statistics, 1 : 35-40 ; 5 : 1-78 INDEX 5 Expenditures : adult education, 2 : 90-91 city school systems, 1 : 47-49 ; 3 : 17-27, 34-36, 38-153 community colleges, 2 : 90-91 educational institutions, 1 : 14 higher education, 1 : 65-66 ; 4 : II : 1—2, 10-11, 48-66, 104-117, 131 intermediate and local basic administra¬ tive units, 2 : 80-81 libraries in public schools, 6 : 29-33, 36, 48-62 part-time schools, 3 : 23-26, 35 plant operation and maintenance, State school systems, 2 : 86-87 public schools, 1 : 14, 36-37, 47-49 ; 2 : 13-19, 76-77 pupil transportation, 1 : 27-28, 36—37 ; 2 : 19-20 State boards and education departments, 2 : 78-79 State school systems, 2 : 76-83, 86-103, 114-115 summary, public schools, 1 : 30 ; 2 : 76-77 summer elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 90-91 vocational education, 1 : 41 Extension courses, higher institutions : enrollment, 1 : 55 ; 4 : 1 : 40-41, 108-113 expenditures, 4 : II : 104-117 faculty, 4 : 1 : 94 noncollege enrollment, 4:1:48 F Factors, higher education enrollment, 4:1: 66-67 Faculty, higher institutions : by sex, 4:1: 22-24, 28 historical summary, 1 : 50 Negro, 1 : 80-81 ; 4:1: 18-21 number, 1 : 52 ; 4:1: 19-28, 78-95 subcollegiate staff, 4:1:27 summer session, 4:1: 28-29 types of work, 4:1:25 U.S. outlying parts, 1 : 68 ; 4 : 1 : 17-18 Farm population, scdool enrollment, 1 : 8-9 Federal funds : city school systems, 3 : 17 education, 1 : 15-18 higher education, 4 : II : 16-17, 33, 74- 94 State school systems, 2 : 70-73 Fellowships, higher education, 4:11: 74-88, 104-117 Field of study, earned degres, 4:1: 70-77 Finances : city school systems, 3 : 16—17 higher education, 1 : 50, 82 ; 4 : II : 6-7, 12-13 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 28-31 ; 2 : 13-21, 26-27, 68-103 ; 8 : 16-30 Financial data, public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1 : 36—37 Fine arts, earned degrees, 1 : 57 First degrees : engineering, 1 : 62 professional and bachelor’s-, 1 : 56-59 First-time resident college enrollment, 4:1: 54-56, 96-101 Fiscal data, public school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1 : 44-47 ; 3 : 34-37 Fixed charges, public schools, 2 : 86—87 Food services personnel, school districts, 2 : 46-47 Foreign grantees, Fulbright awards, 1 : 85 Foreign languages, earned degrees, 1 : 57 Foreign students, enrollment, American higher education, 1 : 85 Forestry : earned degrees, 1 : 56 enrollment, 4:1: 126-127 Forms used in collecting data on public school libraries, 6 : 68-72 Foster, Emery M. : and Beust, Nora E., Statistics of Public School Libraries, 1953-54, 6 : 1-73 and Herlihy, Lester B., Statistics of City School Systems : Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1953—54, 3 : 1-153 and others: Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54, 1 : 1-86 Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54, 4:1: 1-142 Statistics of Higher Education : Re¬ ceipts, Expenditures and Prop¬ erty, 1953-54, 4 : II : 1-137 Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1953-54, 2 : 1-141 French, earned degrees, 1 : 57 Fulbright awards, 1 : 85 Full-time day schools : attendance, 3 : 7—12, 31-33 enrollment, 1 : 6-7, 23-26 ; 3 : 5-6 expenditures, 3 : 22-24, 38-153 personnel, 3 : 31-33 salaries, instructional staff, 3 : 17-19 supervisory, teaching staff, 3 : 13-14 Full-time equivalent of instructional staff, higher education, 4 : 1 : 26 Full-time undergraduate enrollment, 4 : I : 43 ; 56 Funds : Federal, for education, summary, 1 : 15-18 higher education, 1 : 67 ; 4 : II : 41-43, 70-72, 97-103 permanent, state school systems, 2 : OS- 99 Furniture and equipment, higher education, expenditures, 4 : II : 65 493931—59- -2 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 G General administration, higher education : faculty, 4:1: 92-95 general expense, expenditures, 4 : II : 104-117 General income per capita, higher education, 4 : II : 24-25 General statistical data, comparative sum¬ mary, public-school systems, 1 : 42-43 ; 3 : 31-33 General trends, higher education, 1 : 49-51 ; 4 : II : 1-2 Geographic coverage, State school systems, 2 : 118 Geography, earned degrees, 1 : 57 Geology, earned degrees, 1 : 58 German, earned degree®, 1 : 57 Gifted, increase in school enrollment, 5 : 11 Gifts and grants, higher education, 4 : II : 18, 20-21, 24-25, 74-94, 97-103 Girls, public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 50-51 Government funds for education, summary, 1 : 16-18 Grade enrollment, public schools : breakdown by grades, 2 : 54 city school systems, 3 : 6-9 Negro, 2 : 110-111 9th-12th grades, 1 : 26 ; 2 : 10, 52-53 State school systems, 2 : 50-53 Graduate and undergraduate enrollment, summer session, 4:1: 102-107 Graduate enrollment, higher education, 4:1: 45 Graduates, high school : going to college, 4:1: 57-58 Negro, 2 : 23, 106-107 public, 2 : 12 total, 1 : 26 Grant, W. Vance, and others, Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54, 1 : 1-86 Guidance personnel, public schools, 2 : 42-43 H Hard-of-hearing children, enrollment in spe¬ cial schools and classes, 5 : 11, 20-21, 55- 71 Healing arts : earned degrees, 1 : 57 enrollment, 4:1: 120-123 Health : personnel, local basic administrative units, 2 : 46—47 public, enrollment in professional cur¬ ricula, 4:1: 122-123 services in schools, expenditures, 2 : 88-89 Herlihy, Lester B. and Foster, Emery M., Statistics of City School Systems : Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1953-54, 3 : 1-153 High school graduates : going to college, 4:1: 57-58 Negro, 2 : 23, 106-107 public, 2 : 12 total, 1 : 26 Higher education : changing patterns, 4:1:8 degrees, 1 : 50, 53-54, 56-62, 68, 80-81 ; 4 : I : 17. 67-91 endowment funds, 4 : II : 70, 101-103 enrollment, 1 : 6-9, 49, 51, 80-82 ; 4 : I : 7-9, 12-15, 20-21, 30-57, 59-60, 66- 67, 79-101 expenditures, 1 : 65-66 ; 2 : 90-91 ; 4 : II : 1-2, 10-11, 48-65, 104-117, 131 faculty, 1 : 12 ; 4:1:17, 19-28, 80-82, 92-96 growth, 4 : II : 8-9 historical development, 4:1:3 income, 1 : 13 ; 4 : II : 1-2, 10-47 institutions, number, 1 : 4-5 ; 4 : 1 : 2, 4-5, 12-13 investment, total, 4 : II : 2-3 loans, 4 : II : 45-46, 88-89, 123-129 Negro, 1 : 79-83 ; 4 : II : 9-14 outlying parts, U.S., 4 : 1 : 17 ; 4 : II : 5, 14, 25, 33, 45, 50, 74-83, 86-129 payroll, 4 : II : 63 privately controlled, 4:1: 99-101, 106- 107, 113 ; 4 : II : 63 professional schools, independently or¬ ganized, 4 : II : 10-11 property, 4 : II : 1-2, 66-72 publicly controlled, 4 : I : 98-99, 104- 105, 110-111, 116-117 ; 4 : II : 63 plant fund loans, 4 : II : 88-96 research, 4 : II : 104-117 student financial aids, 4 : II : 42r-43, 70- 71 statistical summary, 1 : 49-68 ; 4:1:1- 129 ; 4 : II : 1-131 veterans, 4 : 1:1, 59-60 Hill, Arthur S. and Rice, Mabel C. : Statis¬ tics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53, 5: 1-78 Historical development, higher education, 4 : 1 : 3-18 Historical summary : higher education, 1 : 50 ; 4 : II : 6-7 Negro public schools, 1 : 72-74 ; 2 : 104- 105 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 19-23 ; 2 : 26-27 Historical trends, degrees, 4:1: 67—68 History, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Hobson, Carol Joy, and others : Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1953-54, 2 : 1-141 Home economics : enrollment, 4:1: 126-127 vocational education, 1 : 40-41 Home school counselors, local basic admin¬ istrative units, 2 : 48-49 INDEX 7 i Income : educational, 4 : II : 32 educational institutions, 1 : 11, 13 higher institutions, 1 : 13, 64-65 ; 4 : II : 10-11, 14-^8 independently organized professional schools, 4 : II : 10-11 labor force, per member, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 84- 85 national and personal, defined, 2 : 119 personal, per capita, 3 : 20 Incomplete high schools, public, 2 : 40-41 Indebtedness : city school systems, 3 : 27-30 State school systems, 2 : 98-99 total U.S. school, 2 : 21 Independently organized professional schools, higher education, 4 : II : 4—5 Individual lessons, higher education enroll¬ ment, 4 : 1 : 52, 108-113 Institutions of higher education : by size of resident enrollment, control, type, and predominant race of stu¬ dents, 4:1: 12-13 by type, control, region, and State, 4 : 1:4-5; 4 : II : 4-5 number and distribution of, 4 : I : 2 Instruction, expenditures : city school systems, 3 : 34-35, 38-153 higher education, 4 : II : 11, 104-117 Negro public schools, 1 : 78 public schools, 1 : 32 ; 3 : 17-20, 36-37 State school systems, 2 : 82-83 Instructional staff : Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 116-117 city school systems, 3 : 12-13, 17-20, 31, 38-153 higher education, 1:12; 4 : 1 : 24, 26- 27, 92, 94 ; 4 : II : 104-117 Negro public schools, 1 : 77-78 ; 2 : 107- 109 nonpublic schools, 2 : 115 public day schools, 2 : 42-43, 84—85 ; 3 : 17-19, 32-33 salaries, 3 : 20 State school systems, 2 : 5, 11-12, 18- 19, 26-27, 42-45 subcollegiate, 4 : 1 : 27 Interest payments, State school systems, 2 : 20-21, 96-97 Intermediate administrative units, State school systems, 2: 3, 30-31, 80-81 International educational activities, U.S. Government, 1 : 83-86 International relations, earned degrees, 1 : 58 J Jaracz, William A., and others. Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54, 4:1: 1-142 Journalism, enrollment, 4:1: 126-127 Junior colleges : additions to physical plants, 4 : II : 120-122 earned degrees conferred, 4 : I : 82 enrollment, 1 : 63 ; 4 : I : 9, 62-66, 81-82 expenditures, 4:11: 10—11, 116—117 faculty, 4:1: 80-81 income, 4 : II : 10-11, 17, 86-87 loans to plant funds, 4 : II : 46 number, 2 : 40—41 ; 4 : I : 4—5 ; 4 : II : 4—5 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 94-96 private gifts and grants, 4:11: 20-21 property, 4 : II : 10-11, 129 student aid, 4 : II : 42-43, 71 Junior high schools, number, 2 : 40-41 Junior-senior high schools, number, 2 : 40- 41 K Kindergarten : enrollment, 1 : 6-7 ; 2 : 9 personnel and attendance, 3 : 32 resident subcollegiate enrollments, 4:1: 114-119 teachers, public schools, 2 : 44—45 L Labor force : estimates, 2 : 118-119 personal income, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 84—85 Laboratory, demonstration, or training school faculty, 4 : I : 94 Land, additions to physical plant, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 118-119 Land-grant institutions, income, higher edu¬ cation, 4 : II : 24-25 Large institutions, growth, 4 : 1 : 10 Law : earned degrees, 1 : 58 enrollment, 4:1: 128-129 Leader and specialist program, number par¬ ticipants, 1 : 85 Length, school term : average : public elementary and second¬ ary day schools, 1 : 33-34 Negro education, 1 : 78 ; 2 : 22-23 Length of school year, full-time day schools, 3 : 10-12 Level of earned degrees, 4:1: 69-77 Level of enrollment : adult education. 4:1: 108-113 by control and type of institutions, 4 : 1 : 62-66 correspondence, 4:1: 108-113 extension. 4:1: 108-113 individual lesson, 4:1: 108—113 resident college, 4:1: 29-42 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Level of instruction : classroom teachers, public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 44-45 Negro classroom teachers, 2 : 108-109 staff, public elementary and. secondary day schools, 2 : 42-43 Liberal arts colleges : additions to physical plants, 4 : II : 120- 122 current-fund expenditures, 4 : II : 112- 113 current income, 4:11: 82-83 endowments and nonexpendable fund re¬ ceipts, 4 : II : 101 enrollment, 4:1: 62-66 faculty, enrollment, degrees, 4:1: 80-82 higher education institutions, 4 : II : 4-5 income from Federal Government, 4 : II : 17 income, expenditures, property, 4:11' 10-11 loans to plant funds, 4 : II : 46 number, 4:1: 4-5 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 94-96 private gifts and grants, 4:11: 20-21 property, 4 : II : 127 student aid fund operations, 4 : II : 42- 43 student loan funds, 4 : II : 71 Librarians, public school, 1 : 70-72 ; 2 : 42- 43 ; 6 : 5-15, 40, 62 Libraries, higher education : expenditures, 4 : II : 104-117 professional staff, 4 : I : 94 Libraries, public school : books: expenditures, 6 : 48-62 stock, 6 : 24-29, 36, 38, 46-47 centralized, in city school systems, 6 : 50-62 data compared with previous years, 6 : 33-35 expenditures, 6 : 29-33, 36, 48-62 forms used by Office of Education in col¬ lecting data, 6 : 68-72 librarians, 6:15, 34-35, 39-41, 50-62 sampling technique used by Office of Education, 6 : 63-67 schools served by, 6 : 15-16, 39-43 services, types of, 6 : 15-24, 35-36, 42- 45 statistics, 1953-54, 6 : 1-73 Libraries, public (under boards of education), expenditures, 2 : 88-89 Library instructional staff, faculty, higher education, 4 : I : 94 Library science : earned degrees, 1 : 58 enrollment, 4:1: 128-129 Library service in public schools, 6 : 15-23 Loans, higher education : part of plant funds, 4 : II : 45-46, 88-89 student, 4 : II : 123-129 Local basic administrative units : current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 discussion of, 2 : 3-4 distribution, 2 : 36-37 Local basic administrative units — Continued number, 1 : 4—5 one-teacher schools, 2 : 38-39 personnel, 2 : 32-33, 46-49 plant operation and maintenance, 2 : 48-49 pupils and average daily attendance, 2 : 36-37 transportation, 2 : 48-49 type of program operated, 2 : 34-35 Local governments : additions to plant funds, higher educa¬ tion institutions, 4 : II : 88-94 current income from, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 74-89 income per capita, higher education in¬ stitutions, 4 : II : 24-25 Local nonrevenue receipts, 2 : 74-75 Local revenue receipts, 2 : 70-73 M Maintenance : expenditures: public schools, 2 : 86-87 higher education institutions, 4 : II : 104-117 personnel, local basic administrative units, 2 : 48-49 Major accounts, full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 Major field of study, analysis, 4 : I : 70 Master’s and second professional degrees, 1 : 56-59 ; 4 : 1 : 71-77 Mathematics, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Medical sciences, earned degrees, 1 : 57 Medicine : earned degrees, M.D. only, 1 : 57 enrollment, 4:1: 120—121 Medium-sized city school systems, coverage, 3 : 4 Members : board and staff, local basic administra¬ tive units (school districts), 2 : 32-33 State boards or commissions of educa¬ tion, 2 : 28-29 Membership : comparison White and Negro schools, 2 : 112-113 enrollment and attendance, public schools, 2 : 60-61 Men : classroom teachers, public schools, 2 : 44—45, 3 : 13 instructional staff, full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 Mentally gifted children, enrollment, special schools, classes 5 : 22-23, 72-76 Mentally retarded, enrollment 5:11, 20-71 Metallurgy, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Meteorology, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Military or naval science, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Municipal appropriations, city school sys¬ tems, 3 : 17 INDEX N National income and personal income, 2 : 119 National per capita personal income and annual salaries : comparison, changes, 3 : 20 National school-lunch program, 2 : 12-13 Negro : classroom teachers, by sex, 2 : 108-109 education, 1 : 72-82 enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 22-23, 110-113 high-school graduates, 2 : 106-107 principals, 2 : 23, 107 students, higher education institutions, 4:1: 12-13 ; 4 : II : 12-13 total population and school-age popula¬ tion, 2 : 22 Negro higher institutions : degree from, 4:1: 20-21 enrollment, 4:1: 20-21 faculty of, 4 : I : 20—21 finances, 4 : II : 9--14 predominantly Negro students, 4:1: 12- 13, 18 summary of, 1 : 79 Negro high-school graduates, number and sex, 2 : 106-107 Negro schools : compared with white schools: selected unit expenditures, 2 : 114 enrollment, 2 : 112-113 historical summary of statistics, 1 : 72- 74 ; 2 : 104-105 number and type, 2 : 106-107 states with separate, 1953-54, 2 : 21-24 statistics (separate schools),, 2 : 104- 105 Night schools : current expenditures, 3 : 23-26 expenditures, 3 : 35 part-time, 3 : 14-16 personnel and attendance, 3 : 33 Nonbonded indebtedness, school, 2 : 98-99 Noncollege : correspondence enrollment, 4 : I : 50 extension enrollment, 4 : 1 : 48 Nonexpendable funds : higher education institutions, 4 : II : 67-68, 123-129 receipts, 4 : II : 47-48 value, higher education, 1 : 67 Nonfarm rural population and school enroll¬ ment, 1 : 8-9 Non-Federal institutions, enrollment, 4 : 59- 60 Noninstitutional loans to plant funds of higher education institutions, 4 : II : 88—94 Noninstitutional civilian population, enrolled in public and private schools and colleges, 1 : 8-9 Nonpublic elementary and secondary educa¬ tion, 2 : 24-25 9 Nonpublic and public schools, enrollment by age groups, 2 : 6-7 Nonpublic schools : enrollment, grades 9-12, 1 : 26 expenditures, 2 : 88-89 instructional staff, 2 : 115 number, 1 : 4—5 pupil enrollment, 2 : 115 Nonrevenue receipts : city school systems, 3-34 State school systems, 2 : 68-69, 74-75 Nonsectarian (nonpublic) schools, number pupil enrollment and instructional staff, 2 : 115 Nonsupervisory instructional personnel, pub¬ lic schools, 2 : 42-43 Nonveteran and veteran resident college en¬ rollment, 4:1: 59-60 Normal schools, personnel and attendance, 3 : 33 Nursery (resident) enrollment, 4: I: 114— 119 Nursery schools (kindergarten), personnel and attendance, 3 : 32 Nursery teachers, public schools, 2 : 44-45 Nurses, school districts, 2 : 46—47 Nursing : earned degrees, 1 : 57 enrollment, 4:1: 120-121 schools not affiliated with colleges and universities, 1 : 4—5 O Occupational therapy, enrollment, 4:1: 120- 121 Office of Education : forms used to gather statistics : 2 : 120- 141 ; 4 : 1 : 131-142 ; 4 : II, 132-137 ; 5 : 77-78 ; 6 : 68-69 publications containing statistics on school libraries, 6 : 73 One-teacher schools : decrease in number, 1 : 28 ; 2 : 12 number of, 2 : 12, 38-39, 40-41 Negro, 2 : 106-107 Operation of school, expenditures for, 2 : 86-87 Optometry : earned degrees, 1 : 57 enrollment, 4:1: 120-121 Organization, public elementary and sec¬ ondary education, 2 : 2-4 Organization, higher educational, 4:1:8 Organized research, faculty, 4 : I : 94 Osteopathy : earned degrees, 1 : 57 enrollment, 4:1: 122-123 Outlying parts of United States, higher education, 1 : 67-68 ; 4 : I : 17 ; 4 : II : 14, 25, 33, 45, 50, 74-83, 86-129 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION. 195 2-1954 P Partially seeing children : enrollment in special schools and classes, 5 : 20-21, 55-71 increase in school enrollment, 5:11 Participants : leader and specialist program, 1 : 85 teacher exchange program, 1 : 84 Part-time schools : expenditures, 3 : 23-26, 35 personnel and attendance, 3 : 33 summary, 3 : 14-16 Part-time undergraduate enrollment, 4:1: 44 Patterns of higher educational organization, 4:1:8 Payroll, higher education, 4 : II : 63 Per capital personal income, 3 : 20 Percent change in grade enrollment, 3 : 8 Percent : enrollment in each grade, city public day schools, 3 : 9 men teachers in full-time day schools, 3 : 13 personal income for higher education, 4 : II : 49-51 Percentage analysis : expenditures for higher education insti¬ tutions, 4 : II : 56-60 revenue receipts, city school systems, 3 : 17 total current income, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 28-31 total expenditures for city school sys¬ tems, 3 : 22 Percentage distribution : educational and general income, higher education, 1 : 65 enrollment, exceptional children, public school systems, 1 : 39 revenue receipts for education by State, 2 : 72-73 Periodicals and newspapers, public-school libraries, expenditures, 6 : 48-62 Permanent school funds, 2 : 98-99 Personal income : compared with annual salaries in city school systems, 3 : 20 definition, 2 : 119 labor force, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 84-85 percent devoted to higher education, 4 : II : 49-51 Personnel and attendance, city school sys¬ tems : distribution by school level, 3 : 32-33 population of: 100,000 or more, 3 : 38—45 25,000 to 99,999, 3 : 46-65 10,000 to 24,999, 3 : 66-91 5,000 to 9,999, 3 : 92-119 2,500 to 4,999, 3 : 120-153 total, 3 : 31 Personnel : adult education program, 2 : 64-65 community college program, 2 : 64—65 full-time day schools, 3 : 38—153 intermediate administrative units, 2 : 30-31 libraries, public school, 6 : 5—15, 34-35, 39—41, 50-62 local basic administrative units, 2 : 32- 33, 46-47, 48-49 public elementary and secondary day schools: guidance, 2 : 42-43 instructional, 2 : 42—43 psychological, 2 : 42-43 Pharmacy : earned degrees, 1 : 57 enrollment, 4:1: 122-123 Philosophy, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Physical plant, higher education institu¬ tions : additions, 4 : II : 118-122 expenditures, 4 : II : 104-117 operation and maintenance, 4 : II : 104- 117 value, 1 : 67 Physical sciences, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Physical therapy, enrollment, 4:1: 122-123 Physicians, school districts 2 : 46-47 Physics, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Plants and unexpended plant funds, higher education, 4 : II : 66-67 Plant additions, higher education institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 65, 118-122 Plant and plant funds value, higher educa¬ tion, 1 : 67 Plant assets, higher education institutions, 4:11: 123-129 Plant capital outlay costs of publicly owned schools, 2 : 94 Plant expansion expenditures, 4 : II : 63-65 Plant fund receipts, higher education insti¬ tutions, 4 : II : 44-47, 88-97 Plant operation expenditures, public schools, 2 : 86-87 Plant operation personnel, local basic ad¬ ministrative units, 2 : 48-49 Podiatry, 4:1: 120-121 Political science, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Population : civilian noninstitutional, enrolled in school, 1 : 8-9 compared with resident college enroll¬ ment, 1869-70 to 1953-54, 1 : 51 ; 4:1:7 compared with student enrollment, his¬ torical, 4:1:8 estimates, 2 : 118-119 group used in classification of city school systems, 3 : 2 growth of school-age and total, 2 : 6 Negro total and school-age, 2 : 22 pupils, and instructional staff, 1869-70 to 1953-54, 2 : 26-27 school-age in public and nonpublic schools, 2 : 6-7 INDEX 11 Population — Continued school-age, public elementary and sec¬ ondary day schools, 2 : 50-51 Position, type : faculty, 4:1: 92-95 instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 42-43 Postgraduate enrollment : public and nonpublic schools, 1 : 26 public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 52—53 Predominant race of students : average resident college enrollment, 4 : 1 : 16 institutions of higher education, 4:1: 12-13 resident college enrollment, 4:1: 14-15 Predominantly Negro students, institutions, 4:1:18, 20-21 Principals : Negro elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 23, 107 number in full-time day schools, city schools systems, 3 : 12, 38-153 salaries, city school systems, 3 : 17, 20, 38-153 Private gifts and grants, higher education, 4 : II : 18, 20-21, 24-25, 94, 97-103 Private school enrollment, 1 : 8-9 Privately controlled higher education in¬ stitutions : additions to physical plant, 4 : II : 118- 119, 122 current expenditures, percentage analy¬ sis, 4 : II : 56-60 current income, 4 : II : 78-79 degrees, 1 : 54 endowment earnings, 4 : II : 130 endowments and nonexpendable fund receipts, 4 : II : 99 enrollments, 1 : 53-54 ; 4 : 1 : 100-101, 106-107, 112-113, 118-19 expenditures: by level of instruction, 1 : 14 purpose, region, and state, 4 : II : 108-109 resident college student, 4 : II : 61 summary, 1 : 66 faculty, 1 : 52 income, 1 : 64—65 Negro, 1 : 80-81 number, by type, region, and state, 4 ; II : 4-5 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 92-93, 96 property, 1 : 67 : 4 : II : 125 research expenditures, 4 : II : 131 student aid fund operations, 4 : II : 42- 43 Privately controlled junior colleges, enroll¬ ment, 1 : 63 Privately controlled schools, enrollment, 1 : 6 Prizes, higher education, 4 : II : 74-87, 104- 117 Professional curricula, higher education, en¬ rollment, 1 : 55 ; 4 : I : 120-129 Professional degrees, 4:1: 71-91 Professional health personnel by state, 2 : 46-47 Professional schools : faculty, 4 : 1 : 80 enrollment, 4 : 1 : 65, 81 degrees, 4 : 1 : 82 independently organized: expenditures, 4 : II : 11 income, 4 : II : 10 number by State, 4 : II : 4-5 property, 4 : II : 11 Programs : adult education: employed personnel, 2 : 64—65 students enrolled, 2 : 64-65 community college: employed personnel, 2 : 64-65 students enrolled, 2 : 64-65 leader and specialist, number partici¬ pants, 1 : 85 local basic administrative units, 2 : 34- 35 school-lunch, 2 : 12—13, 66—67 teacher exchange, number participants, 1 : 84 veterans’ training, 1 : 68-69 Property : city school systems, 3 : 30-31, 37 higher education, 1 : 67 ; 4 : II : 1-2, 10- II, 66-73, 123-129 Provisions for exceptional children, 5 : 6 Psychiatrists, school district's, 2 : 46—47 Psychological personnel, public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 42—43 Psychology, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Public administration, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Public adult education programs, employed personnel, 2 : 64-65 Public community college programs, em¬ ployed personnel, 2 : 64-65 Public elementary and secondary schools : administrative organization, 2 : 2-4 administrative personnel, 3 : 31 attendance, 2 : 60—63, 102—103 capital outlay, 1920-1954, 2 : 95 enrollment, 1 : 8-9, 23—26 ; 2 : 6-12, 50- 57, 60-61, 110-111 ; 3 : 9, 31-33 expenditures, 1 : 30 ; 2 : 13-18, 76-77, 82-83, 88-89, 90-91, 102-103, 114 financial data, 1 : 28-29, 36-37 ; 2 : 13- 21 historical summary of statistics on, 2 : 26-27 instructional staff, 2 : 42—43 libraries, 6 : 1-73 Negro. 1 : 79 ; 2 : 21-24. 104-107, 110- III. 114 personnel, 3 : 31-33 proportion population aged 5—17 en¬ rolled, 2 : 7 salary, instructional staff, 2 : 84-85 supervisors, 2 : 42-43 ; 3 : 32-33 teachers, 2 : 42-45 ; 3 : 32-33 type, 2 : 40-41 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-195 4 Public health : earned degrees, 1 : 57 enrollments, 4:1: 122-123 Public high school graduates : Negro, 2 : 22-23 trends, 2:12 Public school libraries : book stock in, 6 : 24-28, 38 comparison 1953-54, 1947-48, 1941-42 data on, 6 : 33-34 expenditures of, 2 : 88-89 ; 6 : 29-32, 48, 49, 50-62 forms used in collecting data on, 6 : 68- 72 personnel of, 6:5-14, 39, 40-41, 50-62 schools served by, 6 : 15-16, 39-43 service of, 6 : 15-24 statistics of, 1953-54, 1 : 70-72 ; 6 : 1- 73 types of service in public schools, 6 : 15-23 Public school systems : comparative summary, 1 : 42-43 fiscal data, 1 : 44-47 library statistics, 1 : 70-71 ; 6 : 38-45 number by State, 1 : 4-5 revenue receipts, 1 : 29 statistical data, 3 : 31-33 unit expenditure data, 2 : 100-101 Public summer elementary and secondary schools : enrollment, 2 : 64-65 teachers, 2 : 64-65 Publicly controlled higher education insti¬ tution : additions to physical plant, 4 : II : 118- 119, 121 current expenditures, percentage analy¬ sis, 4 : II : 56-60 current income, 4 : II : 76-77 degrees, 1 : 53-54 endowment and nonexpendable fund receipts, 4 : II : 98 endowment earnings, 4 : II : 130 enrollment, 1 : 53-54 ; 4 : 1 : 98-99, 104- 105, 110-111, 116-117 expenditures, 1 : 14, 66 ; 4 : II : 56-60, 106-107 expenditures per resident college stu¬ dent, 4 : II : 61 faculty, 1 : 52 income, 1 : 64-65 Negro, 1 : 80-81 number by States, 4 : II : 4-5 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 90-91, 95 property value, 1 : 67 ; 4 : II : 124 research expenditures, 4 : II : 131 student aid fund operations, 4 : II : 42- 43 Publicly controlled junior colleges, enroll¬ ment, 1 : 63 Publicly controlled schools, enrollment, 1 : 6 Publicly owned school plants, capital out¬ lay costs, 2 : 94 Pupil : annual current expenditure, 2 : 19 ; 3 : 22-24 expenditures, 2 : 102-103 Pupil enrollment : Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 116-117 nonpublic schools, 2 : 115 part-time, city school systems, 3 : 16 per teacher, 3-10 public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 23-26 ; 2 : 7-12, 54-57 Pupils : by State in local basic administrative units, 2 : 36-37 in city school systems, 3 :5-10 in public schools with library service, 1:70; 6 : 21-24, 38, 44-45 ratio to instructional staff, 2 : 11—12 Pupil-teacher ratio, 3 : 10 Pupil-teacher ratios in special education, 5 : 15-16 Pupil transportation : expenditures, 2 : 19-20 data on, 2 : 66-67 ratio of number to total enrollment, 1 : 33-34 vehicles used, 2 : 66-67 Purchasing power, U.S., 2 : 84-85 R Race of students, institutions of higher edu¬ cation, 4:1: 12-16 Receipts : city school systems, 3 : 34 endowment additions, higher education, 4 : II : 97-103 endowment and other nonexpendable funds, higher education, 4 : II : 47-48 higher education trends, 4 : II : 1-2 nonrevenue, State school systems, 2 : 68- 69, 74-75 plant fund, higher education institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 88-97 revenue: public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 36-37 ; 2 : 13-16 public school systems, 1 : 29 State school systems, 2 : 68-73 Recreational personnel, school districts, 2 : 46-47 Regional distribution, resident college en¬ rollment, 4:1: 36-38 Regular 4-year high schools, number, 2 : 40-41 Religion, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Reports requested, education, 1 : 1-3 Research, Federal grants for, 4 : II : 24-25, 33/ Research expenditures, higher education in¬ stitutions, 4 : II : 104-117, 131 Research, organized*, faculty, 4 : I : 94 Residence and dining halls, higher educa¬ tion, receipts and expenditures, 4 : II : 41 Resident enrollment : college, 1:51; 4:1:7, 9-17, 30-32, 34-42, 46-47, 54-57, 59-60, 96-107 subcollege, 4:1: 114-119 INDEX 13 Residential schools, exceptional children, 1 : 4-5, 13 Retarded children enrolled in special schools and classes, 5 : 22-23, 55-71 Retention rates, school, 1 : 10-11, 26 Revenue receipts : city school systems, 3 : 16-17, 34 State school systems, 2 : 13-16, 68-73 public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 36-37 public school systems, 1 : 29 Rice, Mabel C. : and Hill, Arthur S., Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53, 5 : 1-78 and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54, 4:1: 1-142 Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expenditures and Prop¬ erty, 1953-54, 4 : II : 1-137 Rural farm population, school enrollment, 1 : 8-9 Rural nonfarm population, school enrollment, 1 : 8-9 Russian, earned degrees, 1 : 57 S Salaries : basic administrative units, 2 : 80-81 city school systems, 3 : 17-20, 38—153 Negro public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 78 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 32 State school systems, 2 : 82-85 Sampling of city school systems, 3 : 3 Sampling technique used on public school libraries, 6 : 63-67 Schloss, Samuel, and others. Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1953-54, 2 : 1-141 Scholarships, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 74-88, 104-117 School-age population : growth, 2 : 5 public and nonpublic schools, 2 : 5—7 public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 33-34 ; 2 : 50-51 School bonds, 2 : 98-99 School consolidation, 1 : 27-28 Schooldays, full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 School districts : bonded indebtedness, 3 : 27-30 current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 discussion of, 2 : 3-4 distribution, 2 : 36-37 number, 1 : 4-5 one-teacher schools, 2 : 38-39 personnel, 2 : 32-33, 46-49 School districts — Continued plant operation and maintenance, 2 : 48-49 pupils and average daily attendance, 2 : 36-37 transportation, 2 : 48-49 type of program operated, 2 : 34—35 School enrollment of exceptional children, 5 : 19 School funds, permanent, 2 : 98-99 School indebtedness, 2 : 21 School land, acres, 2 : 98-99 School libraries, public, 1 : 70—72 School library expenditures, 6 : 29-32, 48- 52 School-lunch program, 2 : 12-13, 66-67 School plants, capital outlay costs, State school systems, 2 : 94 School programs for exceptional children, 5 : 6 School property value, city school systems, 3 : 30-31, 37 School retention rates, 1 : 10-11, 26 School statistics, historical summary, 2 : 26- 27 School statistics, Negro public elementary and secondary (separate) schools, 2 : 104- 105 Schools : Catholic elementary and secondary, 2 : 116-117 city school systems: attendance, 3 : 7-10, 38-153 enrollment, 3 : 5—6, 9, 38—153 expenditures, 3 : 38-153 personnel, 3 : 38-153 exceptional children: in public school systems, 1 : 38 residential, 1 : 4-5, 13 full-time day enrollment, 1 : 6 Negros, 2 : 106-107, 114 nonpublic (denomination and nonsec¬ tarian), 2 : 115 nursing, not affiliated with colleges and universities, 1 : 4-5 one-teacher, 2 : 12, 38-41 professional, 4:1: 80—82 served by librarians, 6 : 15-16, 39—43 State school systems: attendance, 2 : 60-63, 102-103 average annual salary of instruc¬ tional staff, 2 : 84-85 capital outlay, 1920-54, 2 : 95 classroom teachers, 2 : 44—45 enrollment, 2 : 6-12, 52-57, 60-65 expenditures, 2 : 16—18, 76—77. 82- 83, 90-91, 102-103 instructional staff, 2 : 42-43 membership. 2 : 60-61 number, 2 : 40-41 statistical summary of education, 1 : 3 type, 1 : 4-5 ; 2 : 40-41 School systems : city, 1 : 47-49 ; 3 : 1-153 State, 1 : 32-35 ; 2 : 1-141 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 School terms : comparison separate Negro and white schools, 1:78 public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 33-34 School year, length (full-time day schools), 3 : 10-12 Second professional degrees, 1 : 56—59 Secondary education, historical summary, 1 : 19-23 ; 2 : 26-27 Secondary instruction, faculty, 4:1: 92—95 Secondary schools : Catholic, 2 : 116-117 city school systems, personnel and at¬ tendance, 3 : 32 o historical summary, 1 : 19-23 ; 2 : 26-27 enrollment of exceptional children, 5 : 19-51, 55-76 income sources, 1 : 13 nonpublic, 2 : 24—25 public: administrative organization, 2 : 2-4 attendance, 2 : 60-63, 102-103 ; 3 : 32 average annual salary of instruc¬ tional staff, 2 : 84-85 capital outlay, 1920-1954, 2 : 95 classroom teachers, 2 : 44—45 current expenditures, 2 : 16-18, 90- 91 enrollment, 1 : 6-7 ; 2 : 7-12, 52-57, 60-61, 64-65 expenditures, 2 : 82—83, 90-91, 102-103 finances, 1 : 28-29 ; 2 : 13-21 instruction expenditures, 2 : 82-83 instructional staff, 2 : 42-43, 84-85 Negro, 2 : 21-24, 104-105, 110-113 school-age population, 2 : 50-51 teachers, 1 : 12 ; 2 : 44-45 type, 2 : 40-41 Secondary teachers, public schools, 1:12; 2 : 44-45 Secretarial personnel, local basic adminis¬ trative units, 2 : 48-49 Selected unit expenditures for white and Negro schools, 2 : 114 Senior high schools by type, 2 : 40-41 Separate schools for white and Negro com¬ parison : attendance, 2:112 classroom teachers, 2 : 108-109 enrollment, 2 : 110-112 expenditures, 2 : 113 historical summary, 2 : 104-105 type, 2 : 106-107 Short-course enrollment, 4 : 1 : 51, 108-113 Sinking funds and bonds, city school sys¬ tems, 3 : 29, 37 Size-class of institutions, higher education. enrollment, number, type, 4:1: 41-53 Size distribution of local basic administra¬ tive units by average daily attendance, 2 • 36-37 Size of institution and full-time instruc¬ tional staff, instructor rank or above, 4 : 1 : 25-26 Small institutions, 4:1: 10-11 Small-sized city school systems, coverage, 3 ; 4 Smith, Rose Marie, and others , Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54, 1 : 1-86 Social sciences, earned degrees, 1 : 58 Social work : earned degrees, 1 : 58 enrollment, 4:1: 128-129 Sociology, earned degrees, 1 :58 Sources of revenue : city school systems, 3 : 16-17 educational institutions, 1 : 13 Southern States, Negro public elementary and secondary school statistics, 1 : 72-78 Spanish, earned degrees, 1 : 57 Special education for exceptional children : coverage of subject, 5 : 5 definition, 5 : 1 districts providing services, 5 : 16-17 pupil-teacher ratios, 5 : 15-16 statistical form, 5 : 77-78 statistics, 1 : 35-40 ; 5 : 1-78 Special health problem children : enrollment in special schools and classes, 5 : 2-3, 55-71 increase in school enrollment, 5 : 11 Specialist and leader program, number par¬ ticipants, 1 : 85 Special schools and classes, exceptional children, public school systems, 1 : 38 Speech-defective children : enrollment in special schools and classes, 5 : 20-21, 24-54 increase in school enrollment, 5 : 11 Staff: city school systems, 3 : 5-10, 13-16 higher education, 1 : 12, 51-52 ; 4 : 1 : 26 instructional: Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 116-117 full-time day schools, 3 : 13—14, 38- 153 institutions of higher education, 1 : 12 instructor rank or above, higher education, 4 : I : 26 Negro, 2 : 23 nonpublic schools, 2 : 115 professional library, 4 : 1 : 94 public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 42-43 public school statistics, historical summary, 2 : 26-27 ratio to pupils, 2 : 11-12 resident, higher education, 4 : I : 24, 92 salaries, 1 : 32 ; 3 : 17-19 salary, Negro public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 78 subcollegiate, 4:1:27 teachers and other, 2 : 5 vocational, adult-education courses. 4:1:94 intermediate administrative units, 2 : 30-31 INDEX 15 Staff — Continued local basic administrative units (school districts), 2 : 32-33 State boards or commissions of educa¬ tion, 2 : 28-29 State departments of education, 2 : 28-29 supervisory (full-time schools), 3 : 13-14 Statistical data, comparative summary, pub¬ lic school system, 1 : 42-43 ; 3 : 31-33 State and local funds, expenditures, voca¬ tional education, 1 : 41 State boards of education : administration expenditures, 2 : 78^79 discussion of, 2 : 2 members, 2 : 28-29 State departments of education : administration expenditures, 2 : 78-79 general discussion, 2 : 3 staff, 2 : 28-29 State government : additions to plant funds, higher educa¬ tion institutions, 4 : II : 88-94 Income, higher education, 4 : II : 24-25, 74-88 revenue receipts, city school systems, 3 : 17 State nonrevenue receipts, 2 : 74-75 State revenue receipts, 2 : 70-71, 72-73 State school systems, statistics, 1 : 32^35 ; 2: 1-141 Statistical reports requested by Office of Education, 1 : 1-3 Statistical summary of education, 1953-54, 1: 1-86 Statistics of City School Systems : Staff Pupils, and Finances, 1953-54, 3 : 1-153 Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953- 54, 4 : 1 : 1-142 Receipts, Expenditures and Property, 1953-54, 4 : II : 1-137 Statistics of public school libraries, 1953- 54, 6 : 1-73 Statistics of special education for excep¬ tional children, 1952-53, 5 : 1-78 Statistics of State School Systems : Organi¬ zation, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1953- 54, 2 : 1-141 Status : acres, school land, 2 : 98-99 permanent school funds, 2 : 98-99 school bonds, other indebtedness, 2 : 98- 99 Student aid fund operations, higher educa¬ tion institutions, 4 : II : 42-43 Student fees, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 74-88 Student loan funds, higher education insti¬ tutions, 4 : II : 70-72, 97-103, 123-129 Students : enrollment, 1 : 53 ; 4 : I : 8, 30-66, 85- 91, 96-129 first-time, 4 : I : 54, 96-101 foreign, 1 : 85 full-time undergraduate, 4:1:56 Students — Continued general statement, 4:1: 29-30 number receiving Fulbright awards, 1 : 85 outlying parts of U.S., 1 : 68 predominantly negro institutions, 4:1: 18, 20-21 race, 4:1: 12-13 resident college enrollments, 4:1: 30- 43, 57, 59-60, 62-66, 96-101 veteran, 4:1: 59-60 Subcollegiate enrollments, 4:1: 114-119 Subcollegiate instructional staff, 4:1:27 Summary, comparative fiscal data, public school systems, 1 : 44-47 Summer secondary schools, public : enrollment, 2 : 64-65 expenditures, 2 : 90-91 teachers, 2 : 64-65 Summer session : enrollment, higher education, 1 : 55 ; 4 : 1 : 30-32, 53, 102-107 faculty, 4:1: 28-29 resident college enrollment, 4 : 1 : 30, 102-107 Summer schools : city school systems: current expenditures, 3 : 23-26 expenditures, 3 : 35 part-time and, 3 : 14-16 personnel and attendance, 3 : 33 State school systems, enrollment, teachers, 2 : 64-65 Superintendents, full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 Supervisors : full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 42-43 salaries, 3 : 20, 38-153 Supervisory staff, full-time schools, 3 : 13-14 Survey requests, statistical reports, 1 : 1-3 Systems, city school, classification, 3 : 2 T Taxation, city school systems, 3 : 17 Teachers : for exceptional children, 1 : 38 ; 5:19- 76 full-time schools, city school systems, 3 : 13-14 men, full-time day schools, 3 : 13 Negro, 2 : 108-109 number, 1 : 11-12 ; 2 : 5, 44-45, 64-65 salaries, full-time day schools, 3 : 20, 38-153 summer schools, 2 : 64-65 Teacher exchange program, number partici¬ pants, 1 : 84 Teacher-pupil ratio : city school systems, 3 : 10 special education, 5 : 15-16 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Teacher colleges : additions to physical plant, 4 : II : 120- 122 current-fund expenditures, 4 : II : 114- 115 current income, 4 : II : 84-85 degrees, 4:1: 80-82 expenditures, 4 : II : 10-11 endowments and nonexpendable fund receipts, 4 : n : 102 enrollment, 4:1: 62-66, 80-82 faculty, 4:1: 80-82 income, 4 : II : 10-11 income from Federal Government, 4 : II : 17 loans to plant funds, 4 : II : 46 number, 4:1: 4-5 ; 4 : II : 4-5 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 94-96 private gifts and grants to, 4 : II : 20-21 property, 4 : II : 10-11, 128 student aid fund operations, 4 : II : 42-43 student loan funds, 4 : II : 71 Technical and professional health personnel, school districts, 2 : 46-47 Technological schools : additions to physical plants, 4:11: 120- 122 degrees, 4:1: 80-82 enrollment, 4:1: 62-66, 80-82 expenditures, 4 : II : 10-11 faculty, 4:1: 80-82 income, 4 : II : 10-11 income from Federal Government, 4 : II : 17 loans to plant funds, 4 : II : 46 number, 4:1: 4-5 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 94-96 private gifts and grants, 4 : II : 20-21 property, 4 : II : 10-11 student aid fund operations, 4 : II : 42-43 student loan funds, 4 : II : 71 Theological schools : additions to physical plants, 4 : II : 120- 122 degrees, 4:1: 80-82 enrollment, 4:1: 62-66, 80-82 expenditures, 4 : II : 10-11 faculty, 4:1: 80-82 income, 4 : II : 10-11 income from Federal Government, 4 ; II : 17 loans to plant funds, 4 : II : 46 number, 4 : II : 4-5 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 94-96 private gifts and grants, 4 : II : 20-21 privately controlled, 4:1: 4-5 property, 4 : II : 10-11 student aid fund operations, 4 : II : 42- 43 student loan funds, 4 : II : 71 Theology, professional curricula enrollment, 4:1: 128-129 Therapy, occupational, professional curric¬ ula enrollment, 4:1: 120-121 Therapy, physical, professional curricula enrollment, 4:1: 122-123 Total capital outlay, public elementary and secondary schools, 1920-1954, 2 : 95 Total current expenditures per pupil, city school systems, 3 : 24 Trade high schools, number, 2 : 40-41 Trades and industry, vocational education, 1 : 40-41 Training of librarians in public school li¬ braries, 6 : 40-41 Training or demonstration school faculty, 4 : I : 94 Training programs, veterans, 1 : 68-69 Transportation : andi consolidation of schools, 1 : 27-28 expenditures per pupil, public elemen¬ tary and secondary day schools, 1 : 36-37 ; 2 : 19-20, 88-89 personnel, local basic administrative units, 2 : 48-49 public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 33-34 pupil number, 2 : 66-67 vehicles, 2 : 66-67 Trends, higher education, 1 : 49-51 ; 4 : I : 67-68 ; 4 : II : 1-2 Tuition and fees from Veterans Administra¬ tion, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 24-25, 74-88 Tuition, city school systems, 3 : 17 U Undergraduate : engineering enrollments, 1 : 62 enrollment : full-time, 4:1:43 part-time, 4 : 1 : 44 resident, 4:1: 54-57, 102-107 Undivided high schools, number, 2 : 40-41 Unfinished construction, additions to physi¬ cal plant, higher education institutions, 4 : II : 118-119 United States grantees, Fulbright awards, 1 : 85 Unit expenditure data, public school systems, 2 : 100-101 Unit expenditures, comparison, White and Negro public schools, 2 : 114 Units : intermediate administrative: current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 functions, 2 : 3 member, 2 : 30-31 local basic administrative: average daily attendance, 2 : 36-37 current expenditure, 2 : 80-81 number, 1 : 3-5 number of one-teacher schools, 2 : 38-39 personnel, 2 : 32-33, 46-49 type of program operated, 2 : 34-35 INDEX 17 Universities : additions to physical plants, 4 : II : 120- 122 city, 3 : 33 current-fund expenditures, 4 : II : 110- 111 current income, 4 : II : 80-82 degrees from, 4:1: 80-82 endowments and nonexpendable fund receipts, 4 : II : 100 enrollment, 4:1: 62-66, 80-82 expenditures, 4 : II : 10-11 faculty, 4:1: 80-82 income, 4 : II : 10—11 income from Federal Government, 4 : II : 17 loans to plant funds, 4 : II : 45 number, 4:1: 4—5 ; 4 : II : 4—5 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 94-96 private gifts and grants, 4 : II : 20-21 property, 4 : II : 10—11, 126 student aid fund operations, 4 : II : 42- 43 student loan funds, 4 : II : 71 Unexpended plant funds, higher education, 4 : II : 66-67 Urban population school enrollment, 1 : 8-9 V Value : physical plant, higher education institu¬ tions, 1 : 67 ; 4 : II : 123-129 plant funds, nonexpendable funds, higher education, 1 : 67 school property, city school systems, 3 : 30-31, 37 Vehicles, pupil transportation, 2 66-67 Veterans Administration payments for tu¬ ition and fees, 4 : II : 74-88 Veteran students, 4:1: 59-60 Veterans’ training programs, 1 : 68-69 Veterinary medicine : earned degrees, 1 : 57 enrollment, 4:1: 122-123 Visiting teachers, local basic administrative units, 2 : 48-49 Vocational courses, Instructional staff, 4 : 1 : 94 Vocational education, federally aided, 1 : 40- 41 ; 3:17 Vocational high schools, number, 2 : 40-41 Vocational rehabilitation, veterans, 1 : 69 Volumes : educational level of, 6 : 25-26 number, public-school libraries, 1 : 70- 72 ; 6 : 24-29, 36, 38, 46-47 W Wages and salaries, full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 White and Negro school comparison : attendance, enrollment, membership (separate schools), 2 : 112-113 unit expenditures, 2 : 114 White and Negro students, 4:1: 12-13 ; 4 : II : 12-13 Women : classroom teachers, public schools, 2 : 44-45 instructional staff, full-time day schools, 3 : 38-153 Negro classroom teachers, 2 : 108-109 PS-39-59 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 0 - 493931 Biennial Survey of Education in the United Sta ten— 1952-54 Chapter 1 Statistical Summary of Education 1953-54 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Highlights Reports During the biennium 1952-54 more than 25,000 statistical reports were ) requested by the Office of Education. One or more reports came from each State Department of Education, from the outlying parts of the " United States, from city school systems, from institutions of higher educa¬ tion, and from public school libraries. Enrollment The 155,000 public and nonpublic schools in the United States reported ' a total of 36 million persons enrolled at all educational levels (elementary, I, secondary, and higher education) in 1953-54. Approximately one person J in every four of the population was in school. This was the largest num¬ ber of persons who had ever attended school in a single year. High School Graduates Public and nonpublic high schools in the United States graduated 1.4 t million persons in 1953-54, or a number equal to 60 of each 100 persons I 17 years of age. Teachers There were 1.4 million teachers in 1953-54, one -third of whom were \ men. The number of teachers who were employed at each educational level was greater than at any previous time in the history of the country. Income In 1953-54 income of both publicly and privately controlled educational institutions at all levels (kindergarten through the university) amounted to $14.5 billion. Governmental sources (Federal, State, and local) ac- ( counted for 94 percent of the income of publicly controlled institutions, and for 8 percent of the income of private institutions (almost entirely for higher education). Expenditures Educational institutions at all levels, both publicly and privately con¬ trolled, expended $13.9 billion during the year 1953-54. Public institu¬ tions expended 79 percent of the total, and private institutions, 21 percent. Federal Funds for Education Ninety -nine Federal educational programs reported total expenditures of $1.4 billion in 1953-54. These programs were administered by various departments and agencies of the Government. Chief among them were the Veterans Administration educational programs (43 percent of the total). The Department of Agriculture expended 17 percent of the total (mainly for its school lunch program); and the Office of Education, 16 percent (mainly for its program of assistance in federally affected areas). Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1952-54 Chapter 1 Statistical Summary of Education 1953-54 Rose Marie Smith, Specialist in Educational Statistics, and W. Vance Grant, Research Assistant, prepared this chapter under the general direction of Emery M. Foster U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Marion B. Folsom, Secretary Office of Education • Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1952-54 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1952-54: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1953-54. Chapter 5. Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53. Chapter 6. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1953-54. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 35 cents Foreword THE FUNCTION of this "Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54” (Chapter 1 of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1952-54) is first, to provide a convenient abstract of the principal data and interpretations of the individual chapters of the Biennial Survey; and second, by the use of all pertinent sources, to provide a helpful synthesis of educational statistics in the United States. The "Statistical Summary” is the primary source of such derived or combined data as: retention rates from elementary school through higher education; combined totals for the various components of elementary and secondary education (e.g., local school systems, residential schools for exceptional children, and subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education); and combined totals for publicly controlled and pri¬ vately controlled education. A major innovation in the present edition of the "Statistical Summary” is the inclusion of more comprehensive information concerning international education. For the first time statistical tables are presented which show the number of foreign students studying in American colleges and universities; the number of American and foreign recipients of grants under the Fulbright Program; the number of teachers exchanged with foreign countries; and the number of participants in the Leader and Specialist Program. It should also be noted that this chapter, in general, continues (for the sake of historical comparability) to present data on higher education for the continental United States. This is in contrast to the 1953-54 edition of Chapter 4, "Statistics of Higher Education,” which devotes itself principally to current statistics of higher education and in most instances presents totals and analyses for the aggregate United States, i.e., the 48 States and the District of Columbia plus the outlying parts of the United States. The Biennial Survey of Education is essentially a cooperative effort by which the Office of Education collects, analyzes, and publishes basic statistics in education, from kindergarten through university. It is a pleasure to express appreciation to the school superintendents, principals, teachers, comptrollers, business officers, librarians, registrars, and others who have made contribu¬ tions, directly or indirectly, to the present "Statistical Summary.” Herbert S. Conrad Acting Assistant Commissioner for Research hi Contents Text Pag. Foreword . hi Organization of Data . 1 Education in Broad Range . 1 Reports requested . 1 Administrative units . 3 dumber of schools . 3 Enrollment . 3 School retention rates . 10 Teachers . 11 Income . 11 Expenditures . 14 Federal funds for education . 15 Elementary and Secondary Education . 19 Historical summary . 19 Enrollment . 23 High-school graduates . 26 Transportation and consolidation of schools . 27 Finances of public elementary and secondary schools . 28 Selected data , by State, from "Statistics of State School Systems ” 32 Statistics of special education for exceptional children .... 35 Federally aided vocational education . 40 Statistics of city school systems . 47 Expenditures per pupil in city school systems . 47 Higher Education . 49 General trends . 49 Staff . 51 Students . 53 Degrees . 60 Engineering enrollments and degrees . 60 Junior colleges . 63 Income . 64 Expenditures . 65 Property . 67 Outlying parts of the United States . 67 Veterans’1 training programs . 68 Negro Education . 76 Public elementary and secondary schools . 76 Institutions of higher education for Negroes . 79 International Educational Activities . 83 v YI CONTENTS Page EDUCATION IN BROAD RANGE Tables 1. Number and type of statistical reports requested periodically by the Office of Education . 2 2. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts) and number of schools of specified types, by State: 1953-54 4 3. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction and by type of control: Continental United States, 1953-54 . . 6 4. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction and by type of control: Continental United States, 1899-1900 to 1953-54 . 7 5. Enrollment of the civilian noninstitutional population 5 to 34 years old, by age and by sex, in public and private schools and colleges: Continental United States, urban and rural, October 1953 8 6. Retention rates, fifth grade through college graduation, in public and nonpublic schools: Continental United States, 1945-46 to 1953-54 10 7. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in institutions of higher educa¬ tion: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 ... 12 8. Sources of income of educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of control: Continental United States, 1953-54 13 9. Expenditures, including capital outlay, by level of instruction and by type of control: Continental United States, 1953-54 14 10. Summary of Federal Government funds for education: 1953-54 16 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION 11. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: 1869-70 to 1953-54 . 20 12. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: 1942-43 to 1953-54 24 13. Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools, and population 14-17 years of age: Continental United States, 1889-90 to 1953-54 26 14. Retention rates, ninth grade through high-school graduation, in public and nonpublic schools: Continental United States, 1941-42 to 1953-54 26 15. Number of high-school graduates compared with population 17 years of age: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1953-54 27 CONTENTS YII Page 16. Number and percent of public-school pupils transported at public cost, and expenditures for transportation: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 . 27 17. Decrease in number of 1 -teacher public schools: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 . 28 18. Total revenue receipts of public-school systems, and percentage distribution, by source: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 29 19. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 30 20. Average annual salary per member of instructional staff and personal income per member of labor force, in unadjusted dollars and in stable dollars (1953-54 purchasing power): Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 . 32 21. Selected ratios regarding school-age population, enrollment, average daily attendance, and pupils transported; and average length of school term in days: for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1953-54 . 33 22. Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1953-54 36 23. Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers, by type of exceptional child in public elementary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, 1952- 53 and 1947-48 . 38 24. Percentage distribution and percent of increase of enrollments in special schools and classes in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of exceptional child: Con¬ tinental United States, 1952-53 and 1947-48 . 39 25. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program: Continental United States, 1934-35 to 1953-54 . 40 26. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of class and type of program: Continental United States, 1953- 54 41 27. Expenditure of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education: Continental United States, 1934-35 to 1953-54 . 41 28. Comparative summary of general statistical data of public- school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: Conti¬ nental United States, 1953-54 . 42 29. Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: Continental United States, 1953-54 . 44 VIII CONTENTS Page 30. Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance in full-time day schools in city school systems, by population group (with comparative data on per capita disposable income in the United States) : 1939-40 to 1953-54 48 31. Average annual current expenditure and range of expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 455 city school systems, by region and by city -size group: 1953-54 ... 49 HIGHER EDUCATION 32. Historical summary of higher education: Continental United States, 1889-90 to 1953-54 (faculty, enrollment, degrees conferred, and finances) . 50 33. Population and resident college enrollment in Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1953-54 . 51 34. Faculty in institutions of higher education, by type of position and by control of institution: Continental United States, November 1953 and summer sessions of 1953 . 52 35. Enrollment and degrees in institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1953-54 . 53 36. Enrollment in selected professional curricula in institutions of higher education: Continental United States, November 1953 . 55 37. Enrollment in summer session and extension and correspond¬ ence work in institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1919-20 to 1953-54 . 55 38. Earned degrees, by level, by field of study, and by sex of recipient: Continental United States and outlying parts, 1953-54 56 39. Engineering enrollments and degrees in the United States and outlying parts, by level: 1949 to 1954 . 61 40. Undergraduate engineering enrollments, October 1954 and first degrees conferred, 1953-54, by curriculum: Continental United States and outlying parts . 62 41. Junior colleges and their enrollment: Continental United States, 1917-18 to 1953-54 . 63 42. Income of institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1953-54 . 64 43. Percentage distribution of educational and general income of institutions of higher education, by source and by control: Continental United States, 1953-54 65 CONTENTS IX Page 44. Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1953-54 66 45. Percentage distribution of educational and general expendi¬ tures of institutions of higher education, by purpose and by control: Continental United States, 1953-54 . 66 46. Value of physical plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1953-54 67 47. Faculty, students, and earned degrees conferred in institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States: 1919-20 to 1953-54 68 48. Number of veterans in training and Federal funds expended for vocational rehabilitation and for education and training: 1943-44 to 1953-54 69 49. Average number of veterans enrolled in various educational programs in the 5 months from October through March: 1945-46 to 1953-54 69 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 50. Statistics of public-school libraries: number of schools, pupils, librarians, and volumes, Continental United States, 1953-54 70 NEGRO EDUCATION 51. Historical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary school statistics for the group of 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia which maintained separate schools for Negroes: 1919-20 to 1953-54 72 52. Total Negro enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade, in the 17 Southern States and District of Columbia which maintained separate schools for Negroes: 1942-43 to 1953-54 . 74 53. Instructional staff, enrollment and high-school graduates in Negro public elementary and secondary schools in the 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, by State: 1953-54 . 54. Comparison of length of school term, attendance, salary of 77 instructional staff, and expenditures for instruction, for white and for Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, by State: 1953-54 . 78 X CONTENTS Page 55. Faculty, enrollment, and degrees in institutions of higher education attended predominantly by Negro students: Continental United States, 1953-54 80 56. Finances of institutions of higher education attended pre¬ dominantly by Negroes: Continental United States, 1953-54 82 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES 57. Number of participants in teacher exchange programs between the United States and various countries: 1946-47 to 1953-54 84 58. Number of participants in the Leader and Specialist Program: 1948-49 to 1953-54 85 59. Number of students receiving Fulhright awards: 1949-50 to 1953-54 85 60. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education: 1948-49 to 1953-54 85 Statistical Summary of Education 1953- 54 1 THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States provides a statistical conspectus of education, from the kinder¬ garten through higher education, for both public and privately controlled schools. Historical tables show trends over long periods. In general the data are taken from other chapters of the survey; additional information has been drawn from (a) other publications of the Office; (6) other gov¬ ernmental sources, such as the Bureau of the Census and the Veterans Administration; and (c) nongovernmental sources, such as the National Catholic Welfare Conference and the National League for Nursing, Inc. Organization of Data This chapter presents, first, a statistical summary of education in broad range (kindergarten through the college and university level); second, a statistical summary of education by level (elementary -secondary education and higher education); third, a statistical summary of Negro education; and, finally, a brief discussion of international education and of the activ¬ ities of the Office of Education in the field of international educational relations. Education in Broad Range Reports Requested During the biennium 1952-54, more than 25,000 statistical reports were requested by the Office of Education; and since 1940-41, approximately 62,000 additional periodic reports in other areas have been requested by the Office. The kinds of surveys undertaken and the number of reports requested are shown in table 1. Each State department of education and each outlying part of the United States makes an annual comprehensive statistical report concerning pupils, instructional staff, graduates, and financial data. All city school systems in cities of 25,000 population or more, and a sample of approximately three -fifths of the city systems in places of 2,500 to 24,999 report statistical data biennially to this Office. Institutions of higher education, numbering 1,871 in 1953-54, make 1 Acknowledgment is made to Alice Pool of the Statistical Services Section who assisted in the preparation of the statistical tables in this chapter. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 several reports, including annual reports on fall enrollment and earned degrees conferred and biennial reports on (1) faculty, students, and de¬ grees, and (2) receipts, expenditures, and property. In addition, engi¬ neering schools, numbering 210 in 1953-54, report annually on enrollment and on degrees conferred. Reports in other fields are requested at less frequent intervals: e.g., statistics of public secondary day schools, school library statistics, public library statistics, etc. There are other units from which data have not been collected. Chief among these are county school systems. These larger administrative units often include cities as a part of the unit. A few States have statewide county school systems, while others have them to some extent. Other types of schools from which data have not been collected are chiefly private commercial, vocational, and trade schools; private non-degree¬ granting schools of art, music, dancing, and dramatics; private Bible schools not conferring degrees; and private correspondence schools. Table 1. — Number and type of statistical reports requested periodically by the Office of Education A. REQUESTED BY SURVEYS IN THE BIENNIUM 1952-54 Subject School year 1952-53 1953-54 Total _ _ 8,975 16,168 State school systems: 1 Organization, staff, pupils, and finances _ _ 56 2,472 455 1,871 1,871 1,871 1,324 69 210 1,871 City school systems: Staff, pupils, finances, and property _ Current expenditures per pupil _ 415 Institutions of higher education: 1 Faculty, students, and degrees _ Receipts, expenditures, and property _ Fall enrollment _ _ 1,907 1,397 69 193 Earned degrees conferred _ _ Land-grant colleges and universities _ _ Engineering enrollments and degrees _ _ Resident, extension, and adult education enrollment _ Special education for exceptional children _ 4,994 Public-school libraries 4,098 B. OTHER REPORTS, REQUESTED IN PREVIOUS SURVEYS Subject Number of reports School year for which last collected Total . . . 61,929 Nonpublie elementary schools _ _ 9,730 3,053 444 13,749 1,859 7,500 1,837 23,757 1940-41 1947- 48 1945-46 1948- 49 1949- 50 1949-50 1951-52 1951-52 Nonpublic secondary schools _ _ Residential schools for exceptional children., _ Offerings and enrollments in high-school subjects _ Residence and migration of college students _ Public library systems _ Libraries in institutions of higher education _ Public secondary day schools _ . _ _ _ 1 Includes reports from outlying parts of the United States. Note: This table does not include reports required in connection with the program of Federal grants for vocational education and for assistance to scbool districts ip “federally affected areas.” STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 Administrative Units The number of local basic administrative units in the United States continued to decrease, from 111,274 in 1943-44 to 62,969 in 1953-54, a decrease of 48,305 units, or more than 43 percent. During the 2 -year period from 1951-52 to 1953-54 alone, the decrease amounted to 11 percent. The number of administrative units in 1953-54 ranged from 17 in Delaware to 6,007 in Nebraska. The distribution by State (table 2) shows that 16 States had fewer than 200 units, and 19 had more than 1,000. Each of the 12 North Central States had more than 1,000 administrative units, and 5 of them had more than 4,000. The North Central group as a whole, however, had 10 percent fewer units in 1953-54 than in 1951-52 and 4 States (Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin) showed de¬ creases of more than 500 units each. The elimination of unnecessarily small administrative units is a recognized method of achieving more efficient financial administration of the public schools as well as a more desirable quality of education. Number of Schools The distribution, by State, of approximately 155,000 schools is shown in table 2. The classification is by level (elementary, secondary, and higher education), and by control (public or private), as well as by special type (residential schools for exceptional children and schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities). In general the number of public elementary schools decreases from year to year as smaller schools are replaced by larger schools. There were approximately half the number in 1953-54 that there were in 1937-38. The number of public secondary schools during the same period remained relatively constant. Enrollment During the school year 1953-54, the total enrollment at all educational levels (elementary, secondary, and higher education) in the continental United States numbered approximately 36 million, or about 23 percent of the total population. This was the largest number of people who had ever attended school in this country in a single year. Privately controlled schools enrolled almost 5,600,000, or 15 percent of the total. Fourteen percent of the pupils at the elementary level, 11 percent of those at the secondary level, and 46 percent of the students in institutions of higher education were enrolled in privately controlled schools (table 3). During the 2 -year period from 1951—52 to 1953—54, elementary school enrollments increased 10 percent, while secondary school enrollments rose 8 percent. Table 2. — Number of local basic administrative units ( school districts) and number of schools of specified types , by State: 1953-54 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities 4 N 968 337 N00NHON«5«!0 r~* ici-iTroso 306 SHClCOHNCOHOiONOS t^CMCMCMCMrHCMrHrHlO rH 242 CO CO CO -^Oo Institutions of higher education * Private 11 1,201 342 coo5co»ooocdo5050 -< ^ rH 1 187 OOOOOHO^ONOHONiO rH H CM CM H rH rH H CO 230 OCMCMt-OOO) rH rH Residential schools for exceptional children, 1945-46 Private 137 76 1 1 CO 1 rH 1 CO *-H CO rH rH li-l i COCM 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i 25 IO rH CM I CO CO CO 1 1 rH 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III i III 22 1 1 1 rH 1 1 1 rH rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 Public CO 307 56 U3TjOiO CT>t-coTfTt.CM OCOCOCMiOCOrJHCM^ CO 0 CO 1,958 O Tt< Hjl CO rH 00 rH CO CO 05 10 CO rH 00 0> 0 05 CM rH 00 00 lO CM rH IO CO CM Total CO 110,875 15,775 COCMCMCOOOiOOicOTfl COC5C5 10COOOOOCO N»hO^»OOCM(NCD HH rH IO 47,117 05cocooeooooiN^oco^ OOCOiOrfCOOOOOOOININCO HOOOCOOOOOfflON (NNiOCOiOiOCO^CvjlNCOlO 36,892 2,719 1,424 148 1,238 1,771 4,258 Number of school districts IN 62,969 7,248 NIOO'OOOCOOOH t^CliOCOiOT^05COtD rH t»i CO N >0 CD Tt< IN ININ 42,418 OONU5U5(NOONCOOM«5 MC)^00^U5(NOC5n,0C05 Tjio-^coeor-osooeocooo •§ ■s& •a3. oo •S2S .St»g TJ o3^^ ‘P — 03 O e3 a +j a-g C c3 (D oqp$q o bfl p v TJQ &C iu CO is “I sm ffl g .. 03 .2 - I a 3.2 W 8 o ^ ® a* 2.2 O g g-3 jjw < "3.2 & O *3 ® 3 c3>z; T3 +0^ r — - o « ’* 0 ® g- a EjS'S “"I £ u’>-2 53 ^ ^ £*a 2 2 i r 03 3 03H Ml £*§8“ o^-IS Q, .. c3 Sja£ o J2 c3 a> S&2| -a *- a 3 0 . ®— • GO'S a fjco.2 .2 ® ® CO l-ss-s a 3.2 3 Sis? ® S3 33 £02.0 &&*& §<£ „ C4 "0» a “S'S 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction , and by type of control: Continental United States, 1953-54 Level of instruction, by type of school All schools Publicly controlled schools Privately controlled schools 1 2 3 4 All levels (elementary, secondary, higher) _ Elementary and secondary _ Kindergarten-grade 8 _ Grades 9-12 and postgraduate _ Higher education _ _ 2 35,995,066 30,359,764 5,551,286 33,396,338 29,003,283 4,393,055 26,287,365 7,108,973 22,672,718 6,330,565 3,614,647 778,408 » 2,598,728 1,356,481 1,158,231 1,809,445 1,489,084 320,361 Regular 2 _ _ 1,791,007 4.869 4 9,300 3.869 4 400 1,474,007 3,408 4 7,400 3,869 4 400 3 317,000 1,461 4 1,900 Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education - Residential schools for exceptional children _ Federal schools for Indians _ _ Federal schools on Federal installations _ Grades 1-8, inclusive _ Regular 2 _ _ _ _ 24,477,920 21,183,634 3,294,286 24,346,640 47,532 4 56,000 19,948 4 7,800 21,071,800 35,586 4 48,500 19,948 4 7,800 4 3,274,840 11,946 4 7,500 Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education _ Residential schools for exceptional children _ Federal schools for Indians _ Federal schools on Federal installations _ Grades 9-12 and postgraduate _ Regular 2 _ 7,108,973 6,330,565 778,408 7,037,568 49,457 4 12,600 8,748 4 600 6,290,245 19,672 4 11,300 8,748 4 600 4 747,323 29,785 4 1,300 Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education _ . . _ Residential schools for exceptional children _ Federal schools for Indians _ Federal schools on Federal installations _ Higher education _ Resident college enrollment: regular session _ U ndergraduate _ Graduate _ i 2,598,728 1,356,481 1,158,231 2,514,712 1,356,481 1,158,231 2,237,713 276,999 1,224,774 131,707 1,012,939 145,292 Schools of nursing not affiliated with institutions of higher education _ « 84,016 1 Includes 84,016 students in schools of nursing not classified by type of control. 2 Enrollments in the local public school systems and in nonpublic schools (church affiliated or non- , sectarian). Does not include subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education, residential I schools for exceptional children, or Federal schools for Indians. * U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 52. 4 Estimated. | s In addition, 18,089 students enrolled in collegiate schools of nursing are included in resident college | enrollment above. Sources: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey j of Education in the United States, 1952-54, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54, and , Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education (Section I, Faculty, Students, and Degrees), 1953-54; Admin¬ istration of Public Laws 874 and 815, June 30, 1954; U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian ; Affairs: Statistics Concerning Indian Education, Fiscal Year 1954; and the National League for Nursing, j Inc., New York. Institutions of higher education, after experiencing a decline in the pre- ! ceding biennium, reported a gain of 9 percent from 1951-52 to 1953-54 j (table 4). Nonveteran students in colleges and universities showed an increase of 16 percent (table 33). Table 5 presents data collected by the Bureau of the Census on number ! of persons in specified age groups attending school (both public and : STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 ° a m cJ .8* •23oo 53 0.3 gOn O o io .2 3 0 2 3 2 •£ o fl 2 cs3 O g^o Bh| ill 33 oS Ot»GG S'-' .. H3 fi £ h.I-3 °1S Ih.S 0^-3 13 ^ : ^ ® s lip ^ CD o3 9^. 3^ «-o ffi c CU|J geo a ® o q Ql ra'| t;00 P ® 6* CC c Table 5. — Enrollment of the civilian noninstitutional population 5 to 34 years old , by age and by sex , in public and private schools and colleges: Continental United States, urban and rural, October 1953 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 ooeoco©iO"*oooi> •*i 00 00000000 >00000000 ooooooooo ooooooooo ooooooooo OHONOHHNH cot>eot^kOco»Cr-i.-< 00 0500C5r^ '#K5 01HiO^»ON ©C500l>C5U5C5t~© C3O500tOC5COO5»OcO ^ 8 oooooot 000008c ooooooooo ooooooooo ooooooooo I0l>i0h.05l^l0l>50 lOMOOOONTfTfN i-hC51O>-iC0O5t10 CO oooooo< ooooooooo ooooooooo ooooooooo HMNT|I(DO)IOON INCOIOX'-HIOOOJ^OO 05C1 >> >s $ a; g ^ 2 ^ ^ £co Tf 05 £ 2 o3 d05 o o a a o o 0J 4) o-^ s s 2 2 2 £ ri cJ c3 £ £ ■ 5 1) B 1) 2 2 £ g >>>>>>8 g ^ r^lO 05 ^5 „ _ >,CO 1-1 05 2 2^rtT)'aT3(N^ o3 cO® o D fl fl n o ajajo-MoScSoS-^-iS >> STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 9 51.8 59.1 ■<* 00 o IN CD »d CO 1 05-i i C5050305IXN i 00 o 2,572,000 2,567,000 oooooooo ! OOOOOOOO 1 O di0r^eD0505Tf S •4<i >S ® to T) 'S g.a i ti 3 P O *1 - “5 d P _ O g O ** g no O to 3 2 O .D £ S 3 © a a |§ c g o 1 © ©•“ 3 i lO to e = .21 VS = CQ o'3 © 1| OT3 w u © tv: •s-S 5 rH d 2 >> £ © ■"* 43 O ®o & 3 CO +3 CO o O o ■Co 30 1® a o §s S d 1 .s © io a — o 2 § a ° "C oS fl-O ® o o. 03 9 o °5 a'S . <0 ^ Q ’o a 8 Si ifffl °§Sa | •2-a S'-3 “ -3 a © H-§.S .si • „ bj H B 5| m 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 nonpublic). The highest percentage of persons 5-29 years old enrolled in school, 59 percent, was found in the rural farm areas. Rural nonfarm areas enrolled 54 percent, and urban areas, 55 percent. The higher per¬ centage of enrollment for rural areas may be attributed to the relatively large proportion of the population aged 5 to 17 in these areas. The effect of the compulsory educational requirements of the States (in general applying to ages 7-16) is shown in the percentage of children of the following age groups enrolled in school: 7-13, 99.4 percent; 14-15, 96.5; and 16-17, 74.7. School Retention Rates The Office of Education bases school retention rates on the enrollment in the fifth grade, rather than in the first. The fifth -grade enrollment is considered to be a more accurate estimate of the number of pupils who entered the first grade 4 years earlier than the total first-grade enrollment itself, because of the high rate of retardation in the first few grades. Compulsory school laws keep practically all children in school at least to the fifth grade. Of 1,000 children in the fifth grade in 1946-47, 553 were graduated from high school in 1953-54 (table 6). This is the highest number to date and may be compared with 455 graduates in 1939-40. The growth has been steady with the exception of the war years, when many high-school Table 6. — Retention rates,1 fifth grade through college graduation, in public and nonpublic schools: Continental United States, 1945-46 to 1953-54 Retention per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in — Grade 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 1941- 42 1942- 43 1943- 44 1944- 45 1945- 46 1946- 47 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Fifth 1 2 . 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Sixth _ 953 946 954 954 955 963 968 952 954 972 952 959 954 Seventh _ 892 889 895 901 908 916 910 905 909 914 929 944 945 Eighth _ 842 839 849 850 853 846 836 834 847 870 858 875 919 Ninth _ 803 814 839 811 796 781 781 789 807 827 848 872 872 Tenth _ 711 725 704 679 655 673 697 698 713 745 748 766 775 Eleventh _ 610 587 554 519 532 552 566 581 604 4 630 650 662 641 Twelfth _ 512 466 425 428 444 476 507 514 4 539 557 549 552 583 High-school graduates. _ 467 439 393 398 419 450 481 488 505 4 524 522 524 553 Year of graduation. _ 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 Colleges: First-time stu¬ dents _ 129 119 121 (») (*) (3 4) (*) (3) 4 205 218 234 266 283 Graduates _ 51 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Year of graduation.. 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1 These retention rates are approximate only. Rates for the 5th grade through high school graduation are based on enrollments in successive grades in successive years in public elementary and secondary schools, and adjusted to include estimates for nonpublic schools; and rates for first year college enrollment and for college graduates are based on data supplied to this Office by institutions of higher education. 2 Fourth grade in 11-grade systems; fifth grade in 12-grade systems. 8 Lack of detailed information regarding veteran students makes impossible the calculation of retention rates. 4 Revised since originally published. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 11 pupils left school to enter military service or industry. Data are not available at the present time with which to calculate retention rates extending to college graduation. In former years, it was assumed that high-school graduates went immediately on to college, and rates were calculated on that basis. The large number of ex-service students who entered college several years after high -school graduation, with varying amounts of advance credit, makes it impossible to calculate retention rates extending to college graduation until the relationship between high school and college becomes normal again, or until a special study is made. Teachers Table 7 presents a historical summary of the number of teachers, by sex and by level of school, from 1929-30 to 1953-54. The term "teacher” may be defined as a person employed to instruct pupils or students. It does not include principals or supervisors at the elementary-secondary level, or administrative and research staff members at the higher educa¬ tion level. During the school year 1953-54, there was a total of 1,389,832 teachers, or 8 percent more than in 1951-52. Men constituted 32 percent of the total in 1953-54, as compared with 31 percent in 1951-52. At the elementary level, the number of teachers increased 6 percent during the biennium, while the number of male teachers remained at 12 percent of the total, the same ratio as in 1951-52. At the secondary level, the number of teachers increased 10 percent, and the proportion of male teachers remained constant at 45 percent of the total. Institu¬ tions of higher education reported an increase of 13 percent in the number of instructional staff members and also a slight rise, from 78 to 79 percent, in the percentage of male teachers. In 1953-54, the number of teachers and instructional staff members who were employed at each educational level was greater than at any previous time in our history. Income Income of both publicly and privately controlled educational institu¬ tions at all levels (kindergarten through higher education) amounted to $14.5 billion in 1953-54: $11.6 billion or 80 percent for publicly controlled, and $2.9 billion or 20 percent for privately controlled institutions. Governmental sources (Federal, State, and local) accounted for 94 percent of the income of publicly controlled schools, and for 8 percent of the income of private institutions (almost entirely for higher education). Elementary and secondary schools received $11.0 billion, or 76 percent of the total income from all sources; higher education received $3.3 billion, or 23 percent; and residential schools for exceptional children and Federal schools for Indians together received less than 1 percent (table 8). Table 7. — Number of teachers 1 in elementary and secondary schools , and instructional staff members 2 in institutions of higher education: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1953-54 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 1953-54 Women 11 943,235 900,348 656,571 577,269 5 79,302 232,279 201,351 6 30,928 4,596 3,319 1,277 ON iO 1C t^r-4 lOH 1 t" eo 1 09 N i-H CD CM CD CM CM 1 Does not include supervisors and principals. Teachers are reported in terms of 5 Estimated, positions. ® Data for 1926-27. 2 Does not include administrative staff or faculty members engaged in research, 7 Distribution by sex estimated. extension, etc. 8 Data for 1945-46. _ _ ... 3 Does not include subcollegiate departments of colleges, residential schools for 9 Does not include schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities, exceptional children, or Federal schools for Indians and Alaskans. 10 Data for November 1953. 4 Data for 1927-28. Sources: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1952-54; Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54; and Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education (Section I, Faculty, Students, and Degrees), 1953-54; Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs: Statistics Concerning Indian Education, Fiscal Year 1954. Men © 446,597 282,119 | 85,900 40 ^ CM CD O ID 00-= 191,462 173,267 5 18,195 2,831 1,742 1,089 O CD io CO ID io 164,478 10 79,025 io 85,453 1951-52 Women © 880,936 839,837 619,058 N H 1^00 1-H 00 CM CD 212,001 185,745 5 26,256 2,403 1,284 1,119 0*0 to CM CO o ID r— 1 41,099 19,964 21,135 Men eo 403,681 261,022 83,100 77,627 6 5,473 172,760 157,315 5 15,445 3,400 1,306 2,094 O CM IO 1-H N iO 142,659 64,834 77,825 1949-50 Women 868,082 823,590 607,258 536,653 5 70,605 207,741 182,050 5 25,691 2,785 1,651 1,134 i-H IO i>co t-O 44,492 21,245 23,247 Men © 367,496 221,635 58,407 iCCM CM 00 O ^ CM tO 40 ^ 158,536 142,043 b 16,493 3,031 1,447 1,584 00 CO 1 1-H to 145,861 66,462 79,399 1939-40 Women w 799,752 769,182 569,860 508,060 61,800 192,023 173,440 18,583 1,753 369 1,384 05 b- O T* too 30,570 14,311 16,259 Men 298,331 212,084 GO O 67 , 140 3,047 138,384 126,837 11,547 896 ‘X 524 1,444 7 1 , 107 438 86,247 35,702 50,545 1929-30 Women eo 818,758 ce t- 1C 633,819 573,718 * 60,101 152,405 138,774 * 13,631 1,251 246 1,005 « 6,571 1,132 23,580 12,904 10,676 Men IN 216,275 154,983 68,705 67,239 * 1,466 82,689 74,532 * 8,157 1,564 339 1,225 00 b- 61,292 25,401 35,891 Type of school, by level - Continental United States.. . - - Total elementary and secondary schools - Elementary schools (including kindergartens) 3 Public - - - Nonpublic. - - Secondary schools (including junior, senior, junior-senior, and regular high schools) 3 - Public _ Nonpublic - Miscellaneous elementary and secondary schools: Subcollegiate departments of colleges - Publicly controlled _ Privately controlled - Residential schools for exceptional children Federal schools for Indians and Alaskans _ Higher education: Resident instructional staff, including critic teachers _ ... Publicly controlled _ _ Privately controlled - Table 8. — Sources of income of educational institutions , by level of instruction, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1953-54 [Thousands of dollars] STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 13 3°l« g^-2 2 TJ § c/2 S-g §a a © " +3 0 s’® js § Pi a V 3 T3 TJ C H =3 cqeq >3 00 3< r-l NON Th 00 CO -hhqO cq i> cq coo o o to o cq r-i ooo eq r« o cqoor-i 1 10 05 I CO CO 't^cq WifN >0 3"^ ooo5»o i-^ooco CO CO 05 cqoo3< icooco “500 cooco 05 3 ONO COiOiO OHi mo'i* N-IOC5 10 05 05 ifloq* O 10 05 >0 05 05 f- N~ 050CO co >o CO 3ooor^ 03< cq eq co ® g a o 03 >o i>cq ®£ 3 ^ £ to §§& S-s,g g]{« 05 « Sa ooo •gS °s N- iO co cq fi cq a** T3 C O " 3 ed £d O o lo to ;■ — M OT li 2^ go cq co as. d ft, BC oq .O'Sc^ '1 §M 03^5 -3^3 ^-C2 5 •s-s „ Cj • rH • - CD “ 0- ^ a ® g«5 " U5 fe-rS g S' TJ £ -®I8 OhI»\ cn O.co,® MO 05 • 305 3 3< B'CNqs > i5 ® a” “ O'" O'® 3 *»0 «5gd 05 -g O 05 Q ■ -" © © §.£ £-d . ■5 O'® "ts © ® b>£5 £?> ■® cj S’C'cS C5 3'£ !T xtj!o k-o is- c 3 3 o 3 © W 05 6 3^3 « •d’O-. ® >> JS* <5 3 C5 . 05 -o^- 6 3I M 3 CS ® © 45 . 3 S'o 1111 Q ’■£ a-"-® o 0 o'® o 3ja 3.- 3 3 C5 •" -£ ‘^So'S.a IIJSj 'ft’p 3 ° 3 ® o 2 S 3 03 8 a -a 3 J2 ►5 0 A? o 3 -3 >■ si O ^ .SJS “Ph 05 (2 a-2 w 05 3“ 3 >0'3 31 I BiO cq-o 05 7*rP 3 ■ a® 8 *>< T3S?S -Sos . $ S 3 - ft-® .2 SH 3fti 3 •S-dJ T3 § M «|i °'-3 ® © § 3 § &o •2 ©M ®a» g3s •43 rtSG g I"51 3-^3 ^ 8.S Woo'd O^nh 45 0*n 0-3 0 56 3 3 ogg ill ^-3 S fe M-« ■dW| 3 O*^ 2 3+» Affl © W^-S 3 a>'K ■3 • s ^ -t- O — -u u 0) A o 45 h 45 0.0 Jj-O ID r1.®jO -t3 C5 3 m © 5 JO _ ‘ ©-25 © n~ ■" © > 53 mQ „ >*0 « I I. ,3'd’d'B n. c,® ©^ a- 45 ® — m ©’" o -S © 2 2 S S « § « o 5 8^- o- ^ 'd.Sa.i ° 1-2^ 3^3 c. 3 0, © v I ass '£00 «3HH a - - (D m o p a«o ®1§ ►aco^ ■•0*0 ® oH s-s® gM 3 o»« CQ 33* CQOO 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Expenditures In 1953-54, educational institutions at all levels, both publicly and privately controlled, expended $13.9 billion. This figure includes all types of expenditures: current (for operating expenses, including interest pay¬ ments), $11 billion, or 79 percent; and capital outlay (termed plant expansion in institutions of higher education), $2.9 billion, or 21 percent. Publicly controlled schools expended an estimated 79 percent of the total and privately controlled institutions, an estimated 21 percent (table 9). Table 9. — Expenditures , including capital outlay , by level of instruction , and by type of control: Continental United States , 1953-54 [Thousands of dollars] Level of instruction, by type of school Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 All levels (elementary, secondary, higher) _ Current expenditures (including interest) _ Capital outlay or plant expansion 1 _ Elementary and secondary schools 2 _ Current expenditures (including interest) _ Capital outlay. _ _ _ _ Elementary schools (kindergarten-grade 8) _ Secondary schools (grades 9-12, plus post¬ graduate) _ $13,949,876 $11,083,879 $2,865,997 11,028,540 2,921,336 8,672,033 2,411,846 2,356,507 509,490 10,446,528 9,092,449 3 1,354,079 8,082,098 2,364,430 7,037,271 2,055,178 3 1,044,827 3 309,252 7,298,441 4 6,282,882 3 1,015,559 3,148,087 4 2,809,567 8 338,520 Miscellaneous elementary and secondary schools (not included above): Residential schools for exceptional children 6 _ Federal schools for Indians _ _ 50,000 29,912 9,768 40,000 29,912 9,768 10,000 Federal schools on Federal installations _ Higher education (including noncollegiate departments) 7 _ Current expenditures _ Educational and general _ Auxiliary enterprises _ Scholarships, fellowships, and prizes. _ Plant expansion _ 3,413,668 1,911,750 1,501,918 2,882,864 1,578,904 1,303,960 2,271,296 537,532 74,035 1,283,617 270,901 24,387 987,679 266,632 49,649 530,804 332,846 197,958 1 Includes an estimated breakdown of expenditures of residential schools for exceptional children and of Federal schools for Indians. It was assumed that the distribution between current expenditures (including interest) and capital outlay was the same for these schools as for the public elementary and secondary schools (see 5th and 6th lines of the table). 2 Excludes residential schools for exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, and Federal schools on Federal installations, reported below. 3 Estimated on basis of per-pupil expenditure in public elementary and secondary schools. 4 Distribution between grade-groups (kindergarten-grade 8 and grades 9-12 and postgraduate) esti¬ mated on basis of average teacher’s salary and pupil-teacher ratio at the elementary and the secondary levels. The per-pupil expenditure in grades 9-12 and postgraduate was calculated as 1.602 times the per-pupil expenditure in kindergarten-grade 8. 6 Distribution between grade-groups (kindergarten-grade 8 and grades 9-12 and postgraduate) esti¬ mated on basis of distribution of expenditures in public schools. 8 Estimated on basis of meager information. 7 Does not include schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities. Note. — Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Sources: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1952-54, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54; Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education (Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property), 1953-54; and Administration of Public Laws 874 and 815, June 30, 1954; U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs: Statistics_,Concerning Indian Education, Fiscal Year 1954. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 15 Federal Funds for Education Many governmental agencies administer programs which provide Fed¬ eral funds for education. The Office of Education, for the purpose of providing a central and authoritative source of information on the educational activities which receive such funds, began in 1933-34 to collect data concerning them from the respective agencies. Bulletins which bring together these data have been published biennially since that time. Table 10 summarizes data taken from Bulletin 1954, No. 14, Federal Funds for Education, 1952-53 and 1953-54, and from Bulletin 1956, No. 5, Federal Funds for Education, 1954-55 and 1955-56. A total of $1.4 billion was expended during the year 1953-54, 43 percent of this amount by the Veterans Administration for its educational programs. This may be compared with total expenditures of $1.9 billion in 1951-52, when the Veterans Administration alone spent $1.4 billion for education, or 74 percent of the total. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 10. — Summary of Federal Government Funds for Education: 1953-54 Administering Agency and Purpose Amount Total _ $1,375,192,883 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 369,739,448 Office of Education. . . Administration of the Office. _ _ . . Land-grant colleges _ _ Vocational education below college grade __ . .$ 2,911,402 5,051,500 . 1 25,811,591 Smith-Hughes Act _ _ . 7,273,330 Agriculture _ _ _ _ Trade, industry, and home economics. Teacher Training _ _ _ _ . 3,054,662 . 3,104,435 1,114,233 George Barden Act _ _ _ _ _ . 1 18,538,261 Agriculture. _ _ _ _ Trade and industry. __ _ _ Home economics _ Distributive occupations. _ _ _ _ . 6,903,459 . 5,604,901 . 5,539,901 450,000 Assistance to federally affected areas. _ _ _ . 182,978,609 Maintenance and operation _ _ _ _ . Schoolhouse construction _ _ . 70,124,073 _ 112,854,536 School facilities survey _ _ _ 308,498 Public Health Service _ 14,311, 052 Grants to States for the further education of State and local public health personnel _ 902,752 Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (for conduct of research and investigations in the field of environ¬ mental sanitation and water pollution control) _ 116,100 Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Georgia _ 346,200 For training and for research fellowships _ 12,946,000 Surplus property transferred to educational institutions _ 112,252,292 Donable personal property (acquisition value) _ 107 , 042 , 941 Real property (fair value of transfers) _ 5,209,351 Vocational rehabilitation _ Gallaudet College _ American Printing House for the Blind _ Howard University _ F or operation _ 2,535, 000 For construction _ 20,000 22,964,504 410,000 185,000 2,555,000 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 17 Table 10. — Summary of Federal Government Funds for Education: 1953—54 — Continued Administering Agency and Purpose Amount Department of Agriculture _ $ Agricultural experiment stations _ Cooperative agricultural extension work _ Revenue from national forests 2 _ School lunch program _ Cash distribution _ $ 67, 266 , 000 Commodity distribution _ 109,044,069 239,301,882 11,773,708 32,129,979 18,820,126 176,310,069 Agricultural Marketing Act. 268,000 Department of Commerce _ 4, 228 , 737 Federal merchant marine schools _ 2, 142 , 900 State maritime academies _ 781 , 137 Training of unlicensed merchant marine personnel _ 42,500 Upgrading of licensed and unlicensed merchant marine personnel 1,262,200 Department of Defense _ Academic training of military personnel at service academies and civilian schools _ U. S. Military Academy _ $7,926,000 U. S. Naval Academy _ 7,507,000 Civilian institutions _ 3, 004 , 403 College and graduate training of Naval Reserve personnel _ 3,924,060 Education of children of United States military personnel and civilian employees in overseas areas _ Education of military personnel while off-duty _ Department of Interior _ 53, 896 , 400 Education programs for Indians in the U. S _ 29,912,408 Education programs for natives in Alaska _ 2,884,785 Education in the Virgin Islands _ 11, 140 Education in the Pribilof Islands _ 35,518 Education of children of employees of Yellowstone National Park and Crater Lake National Park _ 26,297 Revenue from receipts for leasing grazing lands 3 _ 350,461 Revenue from receipts for leasing mineral lands 4 _ 20, 675 , 791 44,180,068 22,361,463 13,210,570 8,608,035 Department of Justice: Vocational and general education in Federal penal institutions. _ 440,979 Department of State: Educational exchange programs _ 23, 245 , 844 Department of the Treasury _ 2, 537 , 000 Coast Guard Academy _ 2, 480 , 000 Tuition for Coast Guard personnel _ 57,000 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 10. — Summary of Federal Government Funds for Education: 1953-54 — Continued Administering Agency and Purpose Amount Atomic Energy Commission _ Expenditures for the development of scientists and of new infor¬ mation about atomic energy - Fellowships _ $270,164 Other training _ 391, 922 Research _ 18,418,033 22,730,652 19,080,119 Construction, maintenance, and operation of elementary and secondary schools at Los Alamos, Oak Ridge, and Richland. __ 3,650,533 Canal Zone 5 _ 2,959,042 Elementary and secondary schools, and junior college - 2,938,529 Apprentice school - 20,513 District of Columbia: Expenditures for public education 1 2 3 * * 6 - 3, 143 , 722 International Cooperation Administration: Federal funds obligated for cooperative educational activities in underdeveloped areas of other countries - 14,789, 000 Veterans Administration - 588,113,774 Vocational rehabilitation (Public Laws 16 and 894) _ 41,294,243 Tuition, equipment, and supplies _ $10,320,011 Subsistence allowance _ 30, 974 , 232 Education and training (Public Laws 346 and 550) _ 546,819,531 Tuition, equipment, and supplies - 97,146,167 Subsistence allowance _ 449,673,364 N ational Science Foundation - - - 5, 886 , 335 Research in mathematical, physical, and engineer¬ ing sciences _ $2,032,780 Research in biological and medical sciences _ 1,965,788 Graduate fellowships - - - 1, 726 , 978 Education in sciences _ 160,789 1 Includes $40,000 for Virgin Islands not distributed by field of vocational education. 2 25 percent of the annual national forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the States in which the reserves are located. These funds are used for the benefit of public schools and public roads in the specific counties in which the forest reserves are located. 3 States in which Federal grazing lands are located receive 12>6 percent of the grazing receipts from each of the national grazing districts and 50 percent of grazing receipts from lands outside of grazing districts. This money may be used as the State legislatures prescribe for the benefit of the subdivisions having such grazing lands within their areas. An additional 33K percent of the grazing receipts from each grazing district located in Indian land ceded to the United States for disposition under the public- land laws is paid to the State in which such land is located. These payments are for the benefit of schools and roads of the respective counties. * Of the receipts from rentals, royalties, and bonuses from mineral lands in the public domain, 37 percent is paid to the States in which such mineral lands are located, to be used for public roads, public schools, or other public educational institutions. 6 The entire cost of educational services is paid by the Canal Zone Government from funds appro¬ priated by Congress. However, the Panama Canal Company, under the provisions of Public Law 841, approved September 26, 1950, is required to reimburse the United States Treasury as nearly as possible for the net cost of the Canal Zone Government, including public education. Funds to reimburse the Treasury are obtained from tolls and from license fees and other payments made to the Panama Canal Company by the various commercial activities. These funds have been sufficient to restore to the Treasury the full cost of the Canal Zone Government, including public education. 3 Data from Chapter 2, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1952-54. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Office of Education: Bulletin 1954, No. 14, Federal Funds for Education, 1952-53 and 1953-54, and Bulletin 1956, No. 5, Federal Funds for Education, 1954-55 and 1955-56. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 19 Elementary and Secondary Education Historical Summary Table 11 gives a historical summary of public elementary and secondary education in the continental United States, presenting data on population, pupils, instructional staff, and finance, decennially for the years ending 1870 to 1950 and for 1952 and 1954. To make the financial data more meaningful, beginning in 1930 certain averages and per pupil expenditures have been expressed both in terms of actual dollars, and also in dollars adjusted to the 1953-54 purchasing power by means of the Consumer Price Index. Average salary of the instructional staff members has been expressed in this manner, and it may be compared with the data given for personal income per member of the labor force, which has been reported on the same basis. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance has also been reported in unadjusted and adjusted dollars. Table 11. — Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: 1869-70 to 1953-54 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 N cO oo co OCO OiQOOtO N CO CO tf co co OON CD N- cO cO ON CON ONOO CO CO 00 CD CON ONN N t-O -N rH O CO CO CO TjC CD CO O N ONOO • CD CO r-o Tjccoo co CO CD O • OON CO N t* t}C HO t^O t^N ION N cO O CO CON 00 N- OON' •00 C NN CO 00 00 N- Tt< cooco Tjc t* O 00 hh N* 000 NOO^t* n- co -N - N- co O COOCO N rH »h COrH-rJC CO -rf< CO o o • CO tJ< 00 -N CO N CO • COCO CO „ CO COt^cO N NO rH N CO CD CD COO -N 00 rJCCDOO CD N CO COHN eon CO • OO -CO »o N- O CO rH N- — I N O o oo 1> „ N i N- • i N~ hH lO ' Tic" V s a a 2 L S .a c.o 0 3 *5 g OS ? *3 § 0° co ® 3 >» C> . a - co o C a 2 41 5-3 .3 M 5 « ^ ro -4^ w w 3 o 3 s 2£ 0-2*0 a3- % O O ® E-1 Ph PM ii| nj 2 ;i? A ® '$2 '2 1 g £ '’3 O >> 1 1 -j'2 12-3 i"° 0) 00^ ?!a £fSV ® 3 O flN !® g » ! 0-3^3 at :-§J| :§-g-3s O 10 ]2'o§ ! ® ® d'S. ■-S - i M h3 1 w £ ® a •gis || :*Sg jgS S®1 00 M >> 1 w 5 9^ 2+2 1 CJ ^ bO 1 TS 5 x tf jjlj 1155! 3 8 ! £*S o 1 * g « tfl W GO H CO CW w SS' Li L PML ! *e8 -2 S«*h 5 iTJ £ ® O eJ. > ® 3 ® ^"2 c« Si J 3 ® £ 03 3 « > o n® 53 P4 a ® co 3 3 3 b-§8iS- ,§i§§l- £ §5 3 ® ®3''" H 83 §*glg- S'BSSS 38.71 42.81 34.51 DATA IN UNADJUSTED DOLLARS (THOUSANDS) STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 21 oo co 05 O oo co 05 CO© . . lOOSTjt COOO-^Tf 05 h- oo co OrlOOT* 250*50*05 PiOiOOJ -© — * co¬ co -oo- <5^05 t^oo © T* 50 t> 05’ o’ 50 IO t>©f~ • -co H0 50 co 05 50 00 50 00 CO 005*05 l—©60- 00 CO 69- oo co 50 t- t" «✓> 050 — O CO 05 t- • • 50 05 — I h- 00 00 i— — 1 50 05 05 hi - - - - - co — icoooeo co CO >0 — • W- O 00— '60- - 69-60 05 00 05 CO 05 05 05 1—0 0 0500 • • • 50 r- •o OO-chOS 50KI 05 I> 05 05 05 CO ONN Oh • • O OO h- CO 50 CO 05 CO— I - - - O Tf CO Th • • • •© OhH 00 ooococoeo O5’ — 50 ’ — I OOOrfh ... .05 ©CD^« CO — IOOOOCOC COl* — t 50 50 co 05 • »o 00 - co— 1 00 00 co — • • 05 00 00 - — o »o o 05 05 — 1 O h- r- o t^oo O • 50 - h- s £8 cm 111 - > s 55 O'. I- In 5 5ft c3 §1 ft O £ z fl d 0) C 5_n— a 2 C O > C C3_ 55 - s ® B £ a O 3 X B S 5) , — i >h i a ° < 2^ tn § fljT; GO 05 * C fi V ^ <3 O %2 m ej Slisi ® H gsas-S <%o — o Eh -O 00 2 s $-3 o 0 R 55 .IS ft •© 55 C 55 S.-3 x-e H a .2° SgftS. ogi.5 6>S< ® Ph 2* s **$3 a 0) d s-'.-S ■3.2 § 2 g ® 0---2 a IJs&s. sag-sit- aj— 1 o v < Ph H JSs ;g ft , ft AB5 -2*0 - § g a .§ o -g , o : fti-g I ill"' S' "3 00 i >> 1 u, o S. Sw >. ; 2,-g o S3 ®fl2 5.2 ® o-, §|ZpIq o.s’S O O m -2a ® ^ 0 2 o s_*^ a llusii-sjal ’■§ 3 a a-g ft^>-3 § "45 a § o-o-g ®*-« Q« o3 O cQ © 2 g Jj *3 o a ft 5 OhJ rS'S Co .2 s &J gs oJQ • a 02 CO • .gP 03-a a e a^ §8 w>‘S .SO. ?! o +> QQ > «S t> s "S •o ^ | *° a bg g a >“ o .5 $ *2 1 :S^CJ £ •♦» >'£ g 8.S g^-Js g o) <5 v >>.£;£ S *T3 *t1 c3 J o^.asi ejg* -a 00 M » .as stai 10 n 12 2 0 'o'A o> « a » 73 3 <0 o (3 l-i 0) O fl a « o *3, 2 £ o .3 8 s b 3 <0 E T3.a Sa Q> § •g fc. a o • o o> ■81 a a a a 8-0 ill 2tro?§ £0 ol§-g2;| &JSSK *2 1’S°S cd ° j a g ®.§ i u . S‘5 "a £-g 3^go & 8 ^ oq^^a^pq^ W*o a *o 8 a *4 U m CQ £ O o «cc o5 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23 Enrollment In 1953-54, enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools reached a new peak, 28,836,052 pupils. Of these, 22,545,807 (78.2 per¬ cent) were enrolled in kindergarten through grade 8, inclusive; and 6,290,245 (21.8 percent) were in grades 9-12 and postgraduate work. Table 12 gives enrollment in these schools, by grade, from 1942-43 to 1953-54. Four of every five persons of high -school age (considered to be 14-17 years, inclusive) were enrolled in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic high schools in 1953-54. The percentage has been steadily increasing, from 6.7 in 1889-90, to 51.4 in 1929-30, and to 80.4 in 1953-54 (table 13). The retention rates in the high -school grades in general have also shown upward trends. Of 1,000 pupils in the ninth grade in 1950-51, 634 were graduated from high school in 1953-54 (table 14). Table 12. — Number of pupils enrolled , by grade , in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: 1942-43 to 1953-54 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 25 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 13. — Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools , and population 14-17 years of age: Continental United States , 1889-90 to 1953-54 Year Enrollment, grades 9-12, and postgraduate Population, 14-17 1 years of age Number enrolled per 100 population, 14-17 years of age Number 2 Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-1890. . . . . 359,949 5,354,653 6.7 1899-1900. . . . 699,403 94.3 6,152,231 14.9 11.4 1909-1910 . . . . 1,115,398 209.9 7,220,298 34.8 15.4 1919-1920 _ _ _ _ 2,500,176 594.6 7,735,841 44.. 5 32.3 1929-1930 _ _ _ 4,804,255 1,234.7 9,341,221 74.5 51.4 1939-1940-.. . . 7,123,009 1,878.9 9,720,419 81.5 73.3 1941-1942... . . . 6,933,265 1,826.2 * 9,547,713 78.3 72.6 1943-1944 _ _ _ 6,030,617 1,575.4 2 9,280,273 73.3 65.0 1945-1946 . . . . . 6,237,133 1,632.8 2 8,903,074 66.3 70.1 1947-1948 . . 6,305,168 1,651.7 2 8,567,971 60.0 73.6 1949-1950. _ _ 6,427,042 1,685.5 8,404,757 57.0 76.5 1951-1952.. . 6,596,351 1,732.6 2 8,532,000 59.3 77.3 1953-1954 _ _ _ _ 7,108,373 1,874.8 2 8,839,000 65.1 80.4 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census: data as of July 1 at the end of the school year have been used through 1949-50; starting with 1951-52, data as of July 1 at the beginning of the school year have been used. 2 Includes pupils in schools operated by teacher-training institutions of higher education, subcollegiate students in preparatory departments of institutions of higher education, and pupils in residential schools for exceptional children; beginning in 1951-52 also includes Federal schools for Indians. * Estimated. Table 14. — Retention rates,1 ninth grade through high-school graduation , in public and nonpublic schools: Continental United States , 1941-42 to 1953-54 Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the first year in high schools in — Grade 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 1941- 42 1942- 43 1943- 44 1944- 45 1945- 46 1946- 47 1947- 48 1948- 49 1949- 50 1950- 51 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ninth _ 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Tenth _ 885 891 838 837 822 862 892 885 884 901 882 878 889 Eleventh _ 760 721 660 640 668 707 725 736 748 762 766 759 735 Twelfth _ High-school 638 573 506 527 558 609 649 652 668 674 648 633 669 graduates _ Year of high-school 582 540 469 490 526 577 616 618 626 634 616 601 634 graduation . . 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1 These retention rates are approximate only. They are based on enrollments in public schools in grades 9 through 12 in successive years, and on the number of public high-school graduates. High- School Graduates Public and nonpublic bigh schools in the continental United States graduated 1,276,100 persons in 1953-54, equal to 60 of each 100 persons 17 years of age in this country. This may be compared with 2 of each 100 in 1869-70; 6 in 1899-1900; 17 in 1919-20; 29 in 1929-30; 51 in 1939-40; and 59 in 1949-50 (table 15). STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 27 Table 15. — Number of high-school graduates 1 compared with population 17 years of age: Continental United States , 1869-70 to 1953-54 High school graduates Number Population graduated per Year 17 years old ! 100 persons Total Boys Girls 17 years of age 1 2 3 4 5 6 1869-70— . . 815,000 16,000 7,064 8,936 2.0 1879-80 . . . 946,026 23,634 10,605 13,029 2.5 1889-90 . . . 1,259,177 43,731 18,549 25,182 3.5 1899-1900 . . . 1,489,146 94,883 38,075 56 , 808 6.4 1909-10 _ _ 1,786,240 156,429 63,676 92,753 8.8 1919-20 . . 1,855,173 311,266 123,684 187,582 16.8 1929-30 . 2,295,822 666,904 300,376 366,528 29.0 1939-40 . . . 2,403,074 1,221,475 578,718 642,757 50.8 1941-42 _ 2,425,574 1,242,375 576,717 665,658 51.2 1943-44 . 2,410,389 1,019,233 423,971 595,262 42.3 1945-46 . 2,254,738 1,080,033 466,926 613,107 47.9 1947—48 . . 2,202,927 1,189,909 562,863 627,046 54.0 1949-50— . . 2,034,450 1,199,700 570,700 629,000 59.0 1951-52 _ _ 2,040,800 1,196,500 569,200 627,300 58.6 1953-54 . __ . 2,128,600 1,276,100 612,500 663,600 60.0 1 Includes graduates from public and nonpublic schools. * U. S. Bureau of the Census. Transportation and Consolidation of Schools The number of public elementary and secondary school pupils trans¬ ported at public cost and, in consequence, the expenditure for such transportation have been increasing each biennium (table 16). In Table 16. — Number and percent of public-school pupils transported at public cost , and expenditures for transportation: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1953-54 Enrollment Percent of Expenditure of public Year Total Pupils transported at public expense enrolled pupils transported funds for transportation excluding capital outlay (thousands of dollars) 1 2 3 4 5 1929-30 . . 25,678,015 1,902,826 7.4 $54,823 1931-32.. . . . 26,275,441 2,419,173 9.2 58,078 1933-34 . . . . . 26,434,193 2,794,724 10.6 53,908 1935-36 . . . . 26,367,098 3,250,658 12.3 62,653 1937-38— . . . 25,975,108 3,769,242 14.5 75,637 1939-40 . . 25,433,542 4,144,161 16.3 83,283 1941—42 . . . . 24,562,473 4,503,081 18.3 92,922 1943-44 . . . . . . 23,266,616 4,512,412 19.4 107,754 1945-46 . . . 23,299,941 5,056,966 21.7 129,756 1947-48 . 23.944.532 5,854,041 24.4 176,265 1949-50 _ _ 25,111,427 6,947,384 27.7 214,504 1951-52... _ _ 26,562,664 7,697,130 29.0 268,827 1953-54 . . . i 25,643,871 i 8,411,719 * 32.8 307,437 1 Number of pupils in average daily attendance. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, Chapter on Statistics of State School Systems. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 1929-30, 1,903,000 children, or 7 of each 100, were transported at public cost; in 1953-54, the number had risen to 29 pupils of each 100. This increase is due to a large extent to the decrease in the number of 1 -teacher schools and other small schools, ns the consolidation of schools and of administrative units progresses. One -teacher schools decreased in num¬ ber from 149,300 in 1929-30 to 42,800 in 1953-54 (table 17). The decline in the past biennium alone amounted to almost 16 percent. Table 17. — Decrease in number of 1 -teacher public schools: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1953-54 Year Number of 1-teacher schools Pe ;nt decrease since 1929-30 1929-30 _ _ _ _ _ » 149,282 » 143,390 i 139,166 1931-32 _ _ _ _ 3.9 1933-34 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.8 1935-36 _ _ _ _ i 131,101 121,178 113,600 107,692 96,302 86,563 75,096 59,652 50,742 42,825 12.2 1937-38 _ _ _ _ _ _ 18.8 1939-40 _ 23.9 1941-42 _ _ _ _ 27.9 1943-44 _ _ _ . _ _ _ 35.5 1945-46. _ _ 42.0 1947-48 _ _ _ _ _ 49.7 1949-50 _ _ _ 60.0 1951-52 _ _ _ _ _ _ 66.0 1953-54 _ ..... 71.3 1 United States Department of the Interior, Office of Education: Are the 1-teacher schools passing? By W. H. Gaumnitz. (Pamphlet No. 92). Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, Chapter on Statistics of State School Systems. Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools f Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools amounted to almost $7.9 billion in 1953-54 (table 18). The proportion received from each source was: Federal, 4.5 percent; State, 37.4; county, 3.1; and local, 55.0. In analyzing the distribution of revenue receipts, by source, for the past quarter of a century, it becomes evident that the long-range trend is toward a greater proportion of revenue from Federal and State governments and a smaller proportion of receipts from county and local sources. The 4-year period from 1949-50 to 1953-54, however, has seen a slight reversal of this trend with State governments providing propor¬ tionally less and local sources more of the revenue receipts. Expenditures of public elementary and secondary school systems are classified as follows: Current expenditures (comprising administration, instruction, operation of school plant, maintenance of school plant, fixed charges, and other school services); capital outlay; interest; and evening, summer, and adult schools. Table 19 presents historical data by the foregoing classifications for total expenditures and gives the percentage distribution. Expenditures for instruction have always constituted a STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 29 major portion of total disbursements,. but they have decreased somewhat in proportion to other expenditures in recent years. In 1953-54, instruc¬ tional expenditures were 50.1 percent of the total as compared with 64.9 percent a decade earlier. The proportional decline in this area has been more than offset by the increasing expenditures for capital outlay in the postwar period. Capital outlay accounted for 22.6 percent of total expenditures in 1953-54, as compared with 2.2 percent in 1943-44, when building programs were sharply curtailed due to World War II. Table 18. — Total revenue receipts of public-school systems , and percentage distribution by source: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1953-54 Year Revenue receipts Total amounts (thousands) Total percent Federal Percentaf State ?e from — Inter¬ mediate (county, etc.) Local and other 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929-30 _ $2,088,557 100.0 0.4 16.9 10.4 72.3 1931-32 _ 2,068,029 100.0 .4 19.8 8.8 71.0 1933-34 _ 1,810,652 100.0 1.2 23.4 9.3 66.1 1935-36 _ 1,971,402 100.0 .5 29.3 7.1 63.1 1937-38 _ 2,222,885 100.0 1.2 29.5 6.5 62.8 1939-40 _ 2,260,527 100.0 1.7 30.3 6.7 61.3 1941-42 _ 2,416,580 100.0 1.4 31.5 6.2 60.9 1943-44 _ 2,604,322 100.0 1.4 33.0 5.6 60.0 1945-46 _ 3,059,845 100.0 1.4 34.7 6.0 57.9 1947-48 _ 4,311,534 100.0 2.8 38.9 5.3 53.0 1949-50 _ 5,437,044 100.0 2.9 39.8 6.0 51.3 1951-52 _ 6,423,816 100.0 3.5 38.6 6.0 51.8 1953-54 _ 7,866,852 100.0 4.5 37.4 3.1 55.0 1 Other receipts, which include gifts and tuition and transportion fees from patrons, accounted for 0.3 of 1 percent of total revenue receipts in 1953-54. Note — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, chapter on Statistics of State School Systems. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 19. — Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education , by purpose: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1953-54 Purpose 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS Total expenditures. all schools _ 2,316,791 2,344,049 2,322,697 2,452,581 5,837,642 7,344,237 9,092,449 T otal current expenditures, all schools - 1,853,377 1,955,166 2,076,364 2,301,920 4,722,888 5,752,595 6,883,387 Total current expendi¬ tures for public ele¬ mentary and second- ary schools _ 1,843,552 1,941,799 2,067,660 2,293,337 4,687,274 5,722,162 6,790,923 Administration. _ 78,680 91,571 101,463 110,631 220,050 265,636 310,995 Instruction _ 1,317,727 1,403,285 1,457,877 1,590,634 3,112,340 3,781,837 4,552,349 Plant operation _ 216,072 194,365 209,788 238,774 427,587 508,575 622,671 Plant maintenance. . 78,810 73,321 78,862 77,324 214,164 248,674 284,871 Fixed charges _ 50,270 50,116 80,719 106,452 261,469 341,601 446,252 Other school serv- ices 1 _ 101,993 129,141 138,951 169,523 451,663 575,839 573,785 Current expenditures for summer schools _ (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) <2) 1,690 Current expenditures for adult education 2 _ _ _ 9,825 13,367 8,704 8,583 35,614 30,432 42,033 Current expenditures for community colleges _ (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 23,363 Current expenditures for community services _ 0) 0) (>) 0) 0) 0) 25,378 Capital outlay. . . 370,878 257,974 137,552 53,856 1,014,176 1,477,332 2,055,178 Interest _ 92,536 130,909 108,781 96,805 100,578 114,310 153,884 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total expenditures, all schools _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total current expenditures, all schools _ 80.0 83.4 89.4 93.9 80.9 78.3 75.7 Total current expendi¬ tures for public ele¬ mentary and second¬ ary schools _ 79.6 82.8 89.0 93.5 80.3 77.9 74.7 Administration _ 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.4 Instruction _ _ 56.9 59.9 62.8 64.9 53.3 51.5 50.1 Plant operation _ 9.3 8.3 9.0 9.7 7.3 6.9 6.8 Plant maintenance. . 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.1 Fixed charges _ 2.2 2.1 3.5 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 Other school serv¬ ices 1 _ 4.4 5.5 6.0 6.9 7.7 7.8 6.3 Current expenditures for summer schools _ (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (*) Current expenditures for adult education 2 _ .4 .6 .4 .3 .6 .4 .5 Current expenditures for community colleges _ (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) .3 Current expenditures for community services _ 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) .3 Capital outlay . . 16.0 11.0 5.9 2.2 17.4 20.1 22.6 Interest _ 4.0 5.6 4.7 3.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 1 Prior to 1953-54, items included under “other school services” were listed under "auxiliary services,” a more comprehensive classification which also included community services. 2 Prior to 1953-54, data shown for adult education represent combined expenditures for adult educa¬ tion, summer schools, and community colleges. 3 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. Note. — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Soubce: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1952-54, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 31 Table 20 presents data on average annual salary of instructional staff biennially from 1929-30 to 1953-54, and it also provides data on personal income per member of the labor force for the same period. The personal income series is readily available and provides a significant comparison with the average salary of instructional staff. The data are reported in stable dollars, adjusted to the purchasing power of the dollar in 1953-54, as well as in unadjusted or current dollars. The following chart presents graphically the statistical material found in table 20. THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, and personal income per member of labor force: 1929-30 to 1953-54. (In stable dollars of 1953-54 purchasing power.) 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 20. — Average annual salary per member of instructional staff and personal income per member of labor force, in unadjusted dollars and in stable dollars ( 1953-54 purchasing power): Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 Year Unadjusted dollars Stable dollars (1953-54 purchasing power) 1 Average annual salary per member of instructional staff Personal income per member of labor force 2 Average annual salary per member of instructional staff Personal income per member of labor force 2 1 2 3 4 5 1929-30. _ _ $1,420 $1,634 $2,231 $2,567 1931-32- . . 1,417 1,136 2,646 2,121 1933-34 _ _ _ 1,227 966 2,493 1,963 1935-36 _ 1,283 1,204 2,513 2,359 1937-38. . . 1,374 1,304 2,582 2,450 1939-40 _ 1,441 1,358 2,775 2,616 1941-42 . . 1,507 1,869 2,603 3,228 1943-44 _ 1,728 2,434 2,671 3,763 1945-46 _ 1,995 2,772 2,945 4,091 1947-48 _ 2,639 3,211 3,045 3,705 1949-50 _ 3,010 3,385 3,419 3,845 1951-52 . . 3,450 3,981 3,529 4,073 1953-54.. . . . 3,825 4,245 3,825 4,245 1 Adjusted by use of Consumer Price Index, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2 Labor force defined as employed persons 14 years old and over, including the Armed Forces. Sources: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1952-54, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54; U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics: Survey of Current Business, July 1955; Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-50, No. 61, and Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1955 edition. Selected Data 9 by State 9 from “ Statistics of State School Systems ”2 In general this summary presents data on a national basis, rather than State by State. There are some items, however, for which there are significant differences among the States. Items of this type have been selected from "Statistics of State School Systems" and are presented in tables 21 and 22. The data are derived: i.e., they are either averages, such as average length of school term in days, average annual salary of instructional staff, and expenditure per pupil; or percentages, such as school-age population as a percent of total population, average daily attendance as a percent of enrollment, and revenue receipts by source (Federal, State, county, or local). 2 U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1952-54, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 33 Table 21. — Selected ratios regarding school-age population , enrollment, average daily attendance, and pupils transported; and average length of school term in days: for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1953-54 Region and State School-age population as percent of total population Total enroll¬ ment as percent of school-age population 1 Average daily attendance as percent of total enrollment Enrollment in grades 9-12 2 as percent of total enrollment Pupils transported as percent of total enrollment Average length of school term in days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States 21.8 83.5 88.9 21.8 32.8 178.6 Northeast _ _ 19.6 78.4 88.1 23.2 25.2 181.8 Connecticut - - 19.7 83.3 89.6 19.8 34.0 180.6 Maine _ __ 22.9 84.1 91.4 20.2 45.7 182.0 Massachusetts - 19.4 75.8 89.5 23.9 20.7 177.1 New Hampshire - 20.9 72.8 89.6 23.3 40.1 176.3 New Jersey. _ 19.3 79.7 88.3 21.5 23.1 180.6 New York.. _ 18.7 79.6 85.1 22.9 17.9 184.5 Pennsylvania _ 20.8 76.9 90.6 25.3 32.5 181.9 Rhode Island _ 18.9 70.3 86.3 18.6 27.8 180.0 Vermont _ . 23.2 72.7 92.9 21.4 34.0 172.3 North Central 21.2 82.5 89.1 23.1 29.5 179.7 Illinois _ 19.9 75.8 88.2 23.4 21.7 186.3 Indiana.. _ _ — 21.7 89.5 84.6 22.8 43.8 181.6 Iowa _ 21.9 89.7 88.7 23.6 33.9 179.6 Kansas _ 21.2 96.9 87.5 23.0 21.5 171.4 Michigan - _ 22.0 82.6 92.7 21.4 29.1 180.0 Minnesota _ 22.3 80.6 90.9 25.1 30.5 173.7 Missouri _ 20.4 84.8 85.2 22.0 35.3 183.8 Nebraska _ 21.4 86.2 90.0 24.4 176.2 North Dakota _ 24.9 78.8 a 90.7 23.3 18.6 176.3 Ohio _ 20.9 83.3 90.4 22.3 34.4 176.6 South Dakota - 23.4 82.6 90.4 23.8 17.2 177.5 Wisconsin _ 21.9 72.3 90.3 26.8 26.1 178.1 South _ 24.6 85.0 87.8 20.0 43.2 176.8 Alabama - 27.0 86.5 87.5 20.0 50.6 175.9 Arkansas _ .. 26.8 84.7 85.9 20.7 50.3 173.1 Delaware _ 20.6 78.1 89.2 21.6 39.0 177.7 Florida _ 20.8 95.0 86.1 20.7 34.2 180.0 Georgia _ 25.8 87.9 87.4 17.5 47.6 180.0 Kentucky _ 25.3 79.1 86.4 18.3 49.3 172.1 Louisiana _ . — 25.2 76.5 88.4 19.8 50.5 179.4 Maryland . _ 21.4 79.1 90.3 19.8 41.1 181.1 Mississippi _ 27.7 88.1 85.7 16.8 46.6 166.7 North Carolina - 26.2 88.2 90.3 21.3 52.4 180.0 Oklahoma _ 24.0 91.5 89.6 24.7 31.3 177.7 South Carolina _ 28.0 85.6 84.7 17.4 50.6 179.7 Tennessee _ _ 24.8 86.8 89.3 19.7 43.2 174.9 Texas _ 23.4 81.7 86.6 20.9 26.0 175.5 Virginia _ _ 23.0 84.7 88.7 18.7 52.8 180.0 West Virginia _ 26.3 86.1 90.6 22.4 50.4 172.9 District of Columbia 16.2 79.6 84.1 21.6 0.1 176.6 West _ 21.0 90.7 92.9 21.8 25.5 176.5 Arizona _ _ __ 24.8 89.2 82.7 20.0 36.7 170.5 California _ 19.4 90.9 ^ 98.6 21.1 16.6 176.8 Colorado - 21.9 92.0 84.3 21.8 24.5 176.3 Idaho _ 25.8 88.9 90.1 25.5 46.2 172.0 Montana _ 23.2 83.1 90.0 24.4 30.5 180.1 Nevada _ 20.0 i 112.8 81.7 20.1 21.4 176.2 New Mexico _ 27.0 83.6 83.6 20.3 28.5 180.0 Oregon _ 21.4 90.5 86.7 24.3 43.9 180.7 Utah _ 25.9 94.3 91.1 24.2 31.7 174.1 Washington _ 21.2 91.0 88.7 22.3 42.9 174.7 Wyoming - 23.5 98.6 81.9 22.6 31.0 177.3 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 21. — Selected ratios regarding school-age population, enrollment, average daily attendance, and pupils transported; and average length of school term in days: for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1953-54— Continued Region and State School-age population as percent of total population Total enroll¬ ment as percent of school-age population 1 Average daily attendance as percent of total enrollment Enrollment in grades 9-12 2 as percent of total enrollment Pupils transported as percent of total enrollment Average length of school term in days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Outlying parts of the U. S. Alaska _ 16.1 84.8 73.8 14.0 20.7 172.0 American Samoa _ 6 36.8 7.3 Canal Zone _ 85.3 17.7 35.1 174.4 Guam _ __ 76.9 95.9 16.5 22.3 176.0 Hawaii _ 23.9 178.0 Puerto Rico _ 35.0 65.2 89.4 11.3 .6 191.0 Virgin Islands _ 33.3 1 Enrollment figures for a given State include pupils who enrolled for the first time in the United States during the school year and pupils who were previously enrolled in another State. Since enrollment is a cumulative total (the number increases but never decreases), care should be exercised in relating pupils enrolled to the total school-age population (ages 5-17 inclusive) which represents an estimate as of one day during the year. Hence, it is possible that in those States having a large proportion of migrant families, the total enrollment may exceed the school-age population. 2 Includes postgraduates. * Excludes kindergarten. 4 Because attendance in California includes excused absences and enrollment is not cumulative, the relationship between attendance and enrollment is not strictly comparable with that in other States. 5 Data as of April 1, 1950. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1952-54, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children The term "exceptional children” is used to describe those children whose physical, mental, or emotional attributes differ significantly from those of the average or so-called "normal child.” Among the groups of children who are included in this broad category are the unusually bright or gifted children; the mentally retarded; the crippled (including the cerebral -palsied); those with special health problems, such as cardiac involvements, epilepsy, and other debilitating conditions; the blind and partially seeing; the deaf and hard-of-hearing; those with speech defects; and the socially and emotionally maladjusted. The needs of these groups are not usually identical with those of the average child. Many handi¬ capped children can best be served by institutional and residential school programs. This may be due to the absence of local facilities, to individual problems of social adaptability, or to severity of handicaps. Many others, however, can best be served by special schools or classes within the public- school system. Chapter 5 of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, "Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53,” presents data pertaining to certain types of special instructional programs maintained for exceptional children in public elementary and secondary schools. This chapter excludes data on residential schools for excep¬ tional children, data on home and hospital instruction, and data on the class of children designated as "truant, delinquent, or maladjusted.” Programs within the public-school system for exceptional children may fall into several categories. First, the "long-time placement” type is for children whose differences represent a permanent disability or exception¬ ality and who need an especially adapted curriculum, such as the mentally retarded child or the severely crippled child who needs special facilities. Second, the "short-time placement” serves many children whose intel¬ lectual differences are not a major consideration. In this category are physically disabled children, such as the crippled, the blind and the partially seeing, and the deaf and the hard-of-hearing. If educational services are provided at the nursery school and kindergarten levels, many severely crippled children develop improved coordination and better speech habits, and may be absorbed in regular schools and classes at an early age. Deaf or blind children usually need a longer time to learn special techniques of communication. Third, "special supplementary instructional services” offer adjustive facilities for children with speech defects, for hard-of-hearing children who may profit from lip-reading instruction or assistance in the use of hearing aids, and for partially sighted children. Fourth, home or hospital instruction serves those children who are temporarily or permanently incapacitated to the extent that they cannot be served in regular schools or special classes even when Table 22. — Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools , by State: 1953-54 1952-54 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, Expenditure of public funds for transportation per pupil transported s $36.55 44.53 t*O © CO © b- I b- «-l 00 © rf © 00 >i*<©C0b- bi © © i-< © oi bi mooomi-h © CO © b- b- CO 1 CO © © 25.40 ©M00 —I©© ©©COCO-ntti* © © b» © oo eo HNfONNN Annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for — Capital outlay © $80.14 98.24 r^oooco^C5io*OT* ©lOOO^TFcOcOCM^ © CO CO T-< tH CO CO O* 00 © © CO £0 o © © •>* t- CO © © © CO £0 © © eo © ©ooooooo© i— > CO © b* CO i— > Interest © $6.00 7.91 ©■•* >©0000© 1© 00 oo oi toioi^jeo >©i>coeocooocoeo 4.11 oocooo©b«co ©00©00©1-I i-H Tin Tjl Tf 1-H 0} Current expenses CO $264.76 321.08 296.80 199.33 298.39 256.38 333.31 361.99 299.31 268.05 245.31 277.44 318.81 279.57 273.91 263.79 282.82 286.59 232.79 262.45 262.40 253.88 274.91 293.39 196.65 150.88 139.19 325.42 228.74 177.41 153.17 Average annual salary per member of total instructional staff 2 b* $3,825 4,245 ^ © 00 t-s © im o © b- © b- oo in - eo CO O 00 (N © © I-H © © © © 00 t^t^(NC0C0C0C0(NC© HlO 1 1 l t>» 1 t l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |f:| i h i i i © co co 05 05 i-H Tf W b- 00 © 00 Tjt CO b- b- b« J>©t^00 00©©t-© CO CD O^^05lOONHLCr4Tf00 ! 00 CO 00 iO ID 00 ^ t>* 00 CO 00©©^H©Tt< eo nh© Intermedi¬ ate (County, etc.) ■>* 3.1 till 1 1 1 1 l I l l C5 I l l I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 2.8 h eo o co co eo © eo oo i->© HH lO CO 05 CO 1-HC0 5.7 1 1 05 tH ICON 1 OrH 1 CNJ Tf< l i-H IC^H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 State CO 37.4 29.9 OXNCOt^tOt^fN'tf^ © Tf(©eO(N©00t^lNI>©©'«j< 1 to t>©OC0i-<© i^eo©©i->©oeo© i->C<|t-H 1-1 CO t)< CO u- (M N(MNM0©0©N©0© i-H CO i-MM © CO CO COCOi-Hi-l CO © CO CO 00005 CO 00 to CO CO Federal N 4.5 2.1 CO©OOhJ(©.-iCOCOCO 1 w O00C0©t~00l-lHjH©©rH© 1 ^ i->eooooi>© eoeOCO©COi-HCO©© eo > 1| 11 S’ 86 ■3 O 00 •c ffi el I co D. tn 4> e Q! OQ & «c» cod 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 b 3 : 5 S "S o s a, s 8 i g »• © >* •2 ©\ o g ‘s? P is— -g -g o 2 8 & « I ■O g g | S-.fi g ■«,© gu 8 .. « O 2 | ^■g « «9 II •§ b 2 8 S'B «g © *8 .8 v) |1 S'® 00 T r>. © rH Number of teach¬ ers 2 a 9,665 — tcooo— hooocsioin cD»C— i©COOOiOl>h- ■^000505OC000C001 IN o ID ill T}1 CO — 1 States reporting N © 00 05U3CD050^05>0 Tji^i^irliCOiliCO— 1— 1 © ft H - Total _ Mentally retarded . . . Speech-defective _ Crippled _ Hard-of-hearing _ Partially seeing _ Special health problems 6 _ Deaf _ _ _ Blind _ _ _ _ Mentally gifted _ o.2 ©73 '_ 2-S S o u& O *m d £ o 3 .. M o« Sa a§ e3 ® i a £ +3 ID O I'd Jflo® T3 ® b o o o e3 O'Jj 2 -§S a jsm © 00*5 rD O © _ 8.2 Bog5 ® « a o 2® M 0 rG*.£ G^ ’SJ'S.S T3T3 ®"S ®'S “ 2 £ © .-L „.d jj 3^15 2=3^ g, •2S .5 ^ d © A -g « j3 +> g-o §5 E" ©-^ E*3 & 3 ® © L :s_ , o >> © oj 5*2 S HI Th*S JhTj gag." a ~.2 mi 3 & Oja = £ .00 d»o O I 3 1-1 •n - H g ,g2 'S-3 ® o w- G O, © 5> IS ft <- 2 § fsll a c a O ago; SgC5j P °-ffl : S3 5 aoo a 2o*3 g. 7-^ 1-1 O 2 ° s ^<^■2 o°-oJ3 O^05 o w a agl2 Isfa 05° g a a-s Sh n “a CO O CO (N *D *0 00 -l o oot-* GO WOO W 7—1 cO oo w * 4*0 oo 05 -Til 00 si 9 a a o -3M u 1“ J S « a to ^ Ph C H gg fii a 3- a . B u ffl — a.>-H a c-= ■§ i-is ’> a o a S a sj-a’-g o g-S a o a 3 -c'<3 &.S§ 3 C 45 c» Pi E-< a£ # 1 O o o*S © O |is gSis JSi* =§i* — — oo o la' 3 a £gg « b a <§ fl 05 S | ■g a g .S 45 = STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 43 T*© too O -N 00 lO CO T}< coco o»-t © Tf OS t- O 00 00 CO ©■-* • -00t-*O C N. Tj-1 - -0(N O'l'HTjiOOOOO t-- Tf • • 00 00 © ©(N^f- T-*r* l> --J< -4 00 ©4* H05N © co ■^oo • -00001 HffilOO - -OOCO T) •S3 I3 Sis* ,aq g-SSJs'Sj 1.2-9 #c® H > H fc o § fl £ 00 o§ o § -02 1 S ?g r a-S-Sy I s3 co'a’a >,>>3 3 1.2 ° © 04 s ■§,■§> a ^ G 3 ’y ra r « 43 ^ ® -g MM 2 £ca s g g © M y 5 S © ® > as 3 3 s > > >° if •s| CO B o o d © © 9 9 si 3 3d C5-< © oo co oo 00 00 C5(NCO 05 CO 05 ©i-H Tt*©0 ©oo© t- © ©co© 00CJ--H >>, HI d > £ o ? 2 & .2 fl ,2 fl 3 O O o © - -3 £ s U ® .o oj «-d fl’o'3 g s © 2 2 M 03 o h ® — -3 “ g ©TJ °-p ® fl ® d X d „c O g o 2 S'-*3-33 © o'?-o « ®«2 m a O O-d -3^3 fl 3-§ ^ ^ ao’S fl «« > 3.2 - o . © S3.-§SS§g d ^ CQ OQ CQ 73 ^ n M 5? CQ ? CD CD O S^3 ° CD >TJ § ©333 "£13 CO 3 Jo -3-5uSl9 © 8311-S C-S-3 V >1 I ,d I >5 45> M © -3 © .Q O © © 43 I 43 > >.« fl *3 c3’_3 g-3 83 m © * .8 | fl.t2.fl' 4 si ^’S’Ss 1 ® >> . b® 83 © o © >>>> Bz ^d'o © a g 83 W 83 'C 83 3 >^3!‘s|3 ” M-J °'g!l a g 03 f* S 5 o ® -S fl.&^S.Soo .a ®. « & ® •§ . g d 9 bDQ 153 © -S ©”© >> g 3.0 T; © 0 .95 ©*s - w fl o 2 © © ©I ^^fl S^lcfl .2 43 *2 * ^ .9 © 43 3-d-r)^j 0 3 3lS§'^°. :§ « " o fl 03 m -O £ ■fl © S-g 3 5"Ji ^3 >> o-d >> o a £ S g •ii go XI ® a ® 9 •73 © 3 a 3 d> fl K* O 51 ° fl >> 3 W 83 i^| — © W fl 2 *TJ .2 3 co fl ta O-; at © © 83 .. 3 , © O -- a> _ © . >>'3 £ >* 4? fl © 4J *S 3 B § m >, fl “ a.2 ® ■g.§ “8^32 .r© ®| . lain-iiiiiii !-l 3 iHl-lli ° .9 sj-g 8 2*0 o'g 9 ®-g ^l|3Ss|l5«5§ xi.9 3 S® a o a If OQ® P$ H O 2-3 Table 29. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: Continental United States, 1953-54 [Thousands of dollars] 44 >5 § |gI3 05Hf 00 1-1 OOiOcO co oo OCOO IN t- 05 05 com m in «oio a> os >n > o g i-i -*> 2 _ Oi •rt §■§§3 cOt^iOt'-OmmcO mcoTtiTtn^r-tcot^ 05 05 TJH t> IN TjH O 00 oo t* os o os in os CO -• IN go a -oSi ?g“..s £o n a rH h-1 o Tfi (N O N CO N 00 O ^ CO O CO in 05 1> 00 IN CO 00 CO CO ^ CD t- oo r- co o i-i in 1-H r-l CO r}< CO >-l Tjl IN CO COIN iO CO t- COCO CO -I coco (^•^iMin COI>OOrH OMOO COCO^lJI 050 HO ft|!e 3°- CS o (NsncoHono in co co co i—i o i—i in NOCOONNON HOOONONino HONHinooif IJIHIN N. IN 05 ONO o mco r- 05 00 i-H (N 05 N CO 00 inOnHTtH CO IN 00 IN COCOCDt> rncOOCO Ms < « oo —1 co in o i—i CO tJI i— I t— I N 00 00 CO CO Tfi CN 00-^1 COCO r-H o mco (N CO i-l co OSNHlO co if m m <15 ft g ft O g K O o 2 -i m'S r i ‘S °5 -3 ft ‘53 o 'V'O t* O 3 g ~.2§> .2 x o S SlsJ p t- ® £ b’sfaSil ’ a o o g* ft=S "OhIoq^O 1-2 S| ® § S’" ft&g’S o ^ el a*, MO o * £2* « S-S’S o o a u 02 Sq £ u ■2 2 d m S-Ph 3-0 WH STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 45 IN *< •*}< 05 05 10 IN h- Oi-i^t^CO IN m n ■^co co m n- oo t-o Tt< 05 CO 00 IN t-^coooo m i-i co co rf moo C5 CO COCO oo m «© CO com i— l CO Tf 05 0-< — < co — * cci C01> C5 00N o m m in 05 co t^eo 05 mo t^(N m in i> iJifNiNI^ COCOrJi Tf m m m co oo r c co m m co CO 05 in m co m oo n- ON 5C^eoco> 3: 05 Tt< m ■ OWN-' CO Tji IN m t> co rji 00 IN iji IN CO 00 005 tsTco 00 05 ®.s s § .“£ £ * * g •O 13 c8 e’3. c3_ *§ ■3-g O cn a M 3 O m EhO & ~ mi ~ ° a 2§ a; 2 C Q *13 Cl ® s g 43 £ fi ‘o43 ’J g a cJt? .2 3 £3 o-i g-g Eofl® O .O d43 •43 PhoqE-iO > H fc o eJ -< & 53 to gg og. O u c .05 « « J o ft's? & T3 8 13 m « K, ©•o o’13 £ « 0.2 d « S ^ 3 ,2 § 2 5 a> l> ^ i i t> i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 100 CM CO CO © CO UON 00 pH i-l CM pH 1 rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 261 240 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 » 1 • 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 t 1 I | 1 1 1 1 1 1 Men 8,181 508 ^ OtP CO CO pH 977 rH ©©tH©©Ortf ,-H CO h CM CM © © CO O 00 rtHHH CM 1,237 1,148 14 75 594 cor^ © CO CO rH © 00 00 rHCOrtf rHCMlH rH rH Total pH 8,996 515 64 30 421 1,077 COrH©fH,H©©Hl © CO CO rtf rtf (^ © 00 CM 00 hhhh CM 1,498 1,388 14 96 594 C01> ©COCOrH©00 00 HCOrtfHCJH rH |H Number of insti¬ tutions © 158 rtf cooo rH IN 1 1 i l 1 1 l i i ©oortf©©oo©b- co hi CM CO CM CM >-1 CM CO CM CM CO Tf 00 pH to ©CM © rH © O CO © CM rtf rt CO Master’s and 2nd professional Women © 18,676 23 oz 8 323 b* CM CO 05 to CM 05 to rH CO CM 05 CO pH CO pH 12,362 12,054 21 287 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 CM CO pH 1 I pH 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 l Men CO rtf eo* eO 1,279 137 127 1,015 1,287 ©OCM©CMrHrtf 00 rtf r* oo oo eo © oo t- © r- h eon cm 15,423 14,021 423 979 681 00©CMrtfcOCMI>rtf00CO Hi©HlCO'tf©l>rtft>eO CM rtf ©05 Total t- 56,823 1,302 140 127 1,035 0I9‘ I cm © © t-- co co eo © ■rtf rtf OCO©00©CM 00 CM rH rtf H CO 27,785 26,075 444 1,266 4,204 ©OCMrtf00©00rtf00rtf H©HCOrtfCONrfNCO CM rtf ©05 Number of insti¬ tutions so 522 ©CM rtf cocm© 1 1 1 1 1 to 05 t> h- CO CO pH CM CO CO 00 CO CM CO CO rtf ©rtf rtf CO 00 CO 121 cM©©©eoeorH©cM© CO CM tHt>O0rHrH Bachelor’s and 1st professional Women © 105,380 145 ©CMrtf i CM -H 2,612 | 4 200 22 1,686 95 4 50 396 155 39,932 37,546 65 2,321 65 | pH 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 C5t^O >tHCM pH l 1 1 1 1 1 Men 187,500 7,687 1,174 902 5,611 6,754 ©©COrHOOf^OO© © rtf COf^©©©rtf o CM CM Hi H h CO © rtf rH 16,885 9,837 2,456 4,592 22,264 ©COl>COCO00©©rtfCM ©O©rHC0rtft^ CM rH ©COrtfiHO©rtf CM © CM* CO* rtf' Total CO 292,880 7,832 1,203 904 5,725 9,366 CO © lO CO Hi 00 CO rtf ©CO©rtf©CO©© 00 rH 00CM © © © rH 56,817 47,383 2,521 6,913 22,329 ©eoeococM©©©oortf ©Ot>rHrtf©00 CM Hi ©COrtfHl©©rtf CM© CM* co" rtf' Number of insti¬ tutions (N 1,315 NNO to CO co 1 1 l C0C0©rtf coocmcm l- © hi t>. 00 CM CM CO 00 © Hi ©CM© fr 00 © NHrtf 1 i i l ! 1 1 1 1 rtfcO©COrtf,-lTtfCM00CM rtf CO CO rH rH CO © CM CO Field of study pH All fields _ AGRICULTURE Animal husbandry _ Forestry _ _ Agriculture, all other. _ . . Biological Sciences 1 . . . . Anatomy _ Bacteriology - - - Biochemistry _ Biology - Botany _ Entomology _ Physiology - Zoology. _ Biological sciences not elsewhere classified _ Education 2 _ _ Education - Industrial arts _ Physical education _ Engineering 3 _ Aeronautical _ Agricultural _ Architectural _ Ceramic _ Chemical. _ _ Civil . . . Electrical _ _ Engineering Mechanics _ Engineering Physics _ General Engineering _ 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 TA l ® 1 CO ns o «Q -1 I l j 1 >0 IN 1~< MNICOXNN 155 910 2 oo rf< CO CO 00 <35 CO CO >-< N —1 r-* 177 | 1,552 901 (NCl^NiO CO O 00 Tf LC rH ! TfH r-ir# CO 590 242 lOHMOnMNOMOO ecoCNH in,-* <35 CO CO i-O oci-o cocotji 1 ■^oocor^iON C5 r- co I-- n oo -co^co : co 1 : ’ r ■ 1 j !« i gc [p l S"3'c : si i © i 50^ i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i t > : ; i i i 4 1 1 : : bi 5 ' £ * 5 M O c >.S 2 ; im Pharmacy - - .. Public Health. . .. - . Veterinary medicine, D.V.M. or higher _ . _ Medical sciences not elsewhere classified - - - - Home Economics - - - Journalism _ _ . See footnotes at end of table. Table 38. — Earned degrees , by level , by field of study, and by sex of recipient: Continental United States and outlying parts 3 1953-54 — Continued 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Doctor’s Women 13 n i CD 04 © © irH© «-< 1 ■tf 1 9 99 8 rH © 1 100 ©C4-tf04©00 rHrtf 1 rH e4 II rH CO rH 04 Men 12 ONM CO rH 04 1,625 eooooco-tf © eo HOCOH !> T-l ©rH rtf i/o eo© 05 10 04 10 04 ©■tf ©© 1,095 OCOrHrHCO© 04 rH © rtf C5 ■tf CO 04 00 rtf© rH© rtf C4C0 HH rH Total 11 31 7 227 1,686 ©C0©00©© rtf rHrHCO-H 00 rH Oi-H "tf 103 619 226 57 169 1,195 co to to CO CO T* CO to to to r-H || IO co to 00 rH O to CMOO rH,H rH Number of insti¬ tutions 01 rH rtf rtf >-< © 1 l 1 1 1 1 02 02 CO tO CO to 1 GO CO CO 04© co © 002 rH CM 04 © © t- © 04 rtf 05 00 04 CO rHrtf© COTtf rH rH Master’s and 2nd professional Women © 04 00 t— HON i—( ?— < LL\ I co co to t— « 1 02 eo (NH iCM 1 1 1 1 1 -tf©00 1 rtf ©rtf I coco 306 42 00 00 ©04©t-®tr. ©©©Ttftf^ O4©©C0t-rH 04 © CO © CO CO rH 04 rH Men CO ©-tf © 04 04 eo © b- 02 CM ©C4t-O00© C5 rHt^CSCOCOOO © 05 CO CD f-©C4 1 ©oo© 04 00© 347 615 5,994 00 t— rtf 04 © 00 00 rH 00 04 © © rtf © GO © 04 rHrHOOOO© © CO 04© eo Number of insti¬ tutions 04 1 i COt^tOiH 1 1H t» 1 1 1 1 1 ©©©©©rtf © C0I> 1-HC5 t- t— rH CO 333 463 292 152 ©Ot>00t~© ©rHHCON rtf © rtf CO © © !>©COOOrH rtf t— CO© 04© rtf Field of study - Law, LL. B. or higher _ Library Science 4 _ _ Mathematics _ Physical Sciences6 - Astronomy _ Chemistry _ Geology . . . Metallurgy _ Meteorology _ Physics _ Physical sciences not elsewhere classified _ _ Philosophy . . Psychology . . . . R.F.T.TOTnN Religious education and Bible _ Theology _ Social Sciences 8 - - - Basic: 8 Anthropology _ Economics _ History _ International relations _ Political science - Sociology _ Applied : Business and commerce — Acc’tg Business and com. — All other _ Public administration _ Social work 4 - Social sciences not elsewhere classified STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 59 O O'-' > ^ ^ „ ® fc fl JiS « g.2 m.2* "3 S ®-£j qj 3 **"* in ®| *1 § o c +o o . ® a3 ■ J m ® flja aj I ~ pS-^ ®CO «~£ g ° « 'is-S®^ *fl 03 Q. s- "3 e otC w a “ « ® fl TJ 03.2-fl— < ■£ is'® "O ■o ®S"“T3 c.®5 o 3 — C3 OiTl J§ SlMO ■2 S ©~ a g — o o ® S3 ® ® Cu, _ O ® $ 22 § » ® C3 C iS T3 3 o CT3 a 2 2 S c^-2 . S ° ^ g £ ?§ g | fl & fl 03 C £ g C 3 «3J3 C MS 3-0 * * ®-se> S a 0) -T3 -fl fl C3 03 '-fl §• ^T3 _ fl ar* ^3 si $ ft • ® a -a*«a *8^18-1 2,^ 3 r< +*' 0 S.S A n ’fl o Q.®-2 O ^® £:§ .2 hS w 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Degrees Institutions of higher education in the continental United States and outlying parts conferred almost 359,000 degrees during the academic year 1953-54: 292,880 bachelor’s and first professional (36 percent to women); 56,823 master’s and second professional (33 percent to women); and 8,996 doctor’s degrees (9 percent to women). Table 38 presents data on the number of degrees conferred, by level, by field of study, and by sex. Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Engineering enrollments in institutions of higher education have increased for the third consecutive year (table 39). There were 21.4 percent more engineering students enrolled at all levels in the fall of 1954 than there were in the fall of 1952. The increase in engineering enrollments was greater than the 16.4 percent increase in total enrollment in institutions of higher education during the same period (Office of Education Circular No. 419). Inasmuch as essentially the entire engi¬ neering enrollment is composed of male students (99.5 percent in 1954), it is more meaningful to compare the increase in total engineering enroll¬ ment with the increase in male enrollment generally; that is to say, to compare the increase of 21.4 percent during the 2 -year period with the 15.5 percent increase in male enrollment. Engineering enrollment, how¬ ever, has not yet equalled the postwar peak it attained in 1949 (219,712). In the fall of 1954, 218 schools of engineering enrolled a total of 193,692 undergraduate students. Four engineering curricula enrolled 62 percent of the students: electrical engineering, 41,443; mechanical, 40,326; civil, 23,747; and chemical, 15,437 students. During the academic year 1953-54, 22,236 first engineering degrees were conferred (table 40). This number comprised about 8 percent of all first degree conferrals in insti¬ tutions of higher education. Twelve percent of all first degrees conferred upon men were in the field of engineering. There were 17,205 students enrolled in work for the master’s degree, and 4,078 for the doctor’s degree. Graduate degrees in engineering numbered 4,177 at the master’s and other predoctoral level, and 590 at the doctor’s. Detailed information on graduate engineering students and degrees may be found in Office of Education Circular No. 421. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 61 Table 39. — Engineering enrollments and degrees in the United States and outlying parts , by level: 1949 to 1954 Year i Enrollments Degrees Total For first engineer¬ ing degree For second engineer¬ ing degree 2 For doctor’s degree Total First engineer¬ ing degree Second engineer¬ ing degree 2 Doctor’s degree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1949 _ 219,712 201,927 15,242 2,543 50,415 45,200 4,798 417 1950 _ 180,262 161,592 15,869 2,801 58,130 52,732 4,904 494 1951 _ 165,637 145,997 16,765 2,875 47,635 41,893 5,156 586 1952 _ 176,549 156,080 17,539 2,930 35,013 30,286 4,141 586 1953 _ 193,333 171,725 18,607 3,001 28,499 24,164 3,743 592 1954 _ 214,414 193,692 17,441 3,281 27,003 22,236 4,177 590 1 Fall of the year for enrollment and year ending June 30 for degrees. 2 Includes master’s and other predoctoral. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Circular No. 421, Engineering Enrollments and Degrees, 1954. Table 40. — Undergraduate engineering enrollments , October 1954 and first degrees conferred , 1953-54, by curriculum: Continental United States and outlying parts BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Number of first engineering degrees conferred, 1953-54 Women t* 62 rH ICO lOJNO 1 1 »— 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^(NH^OJCOH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 tH 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 l l l l l I 1 1 Men CO 22,174 © CO N. CO CO 00 © CO t* N © 00 O N CO fflHMONO © © © -h CO i* t- IN rH 00 CO i-h © © OIOOihNNN © CO t* i-h © © t* (N CO rH CO T* t* W (NT* ,-1 © ! ! .-(co i © CO i-h t* (N CO © ooco HOHOCON OHH 1-1 - -00 (Nt^t'-CO iO Tf 00 1-1 05 Tti -d< (M IO Tjiio CO IO 1-1 1-1 N 00 1-1 - -00 ■dl-dl T(1 IO ©CO o lOiOlO OCO • OIOS - - t^io (N CO cqs coco co io IO o iO— i (Mb- - -CO cooo i—l CO 00 b- 05 (M COIM t^OO m b- •d< -d< fl s ° ft 03 43 5+= 0.2 3d §•3 0. .M Q. O loft ftiu Sc d -— ft 7 o O O 2 t- 0-3 SJO4- S> Oo ® -3 Mg o ® ® EhZw 0-3 wo T3 — o o fls S. O o. ft 03 OT5 ft 3 1 d > 5 T3 ciS a> "O T3 - si WO *a*!*ll£ Ill’S lf-8^ ” : !3 b §,f a _ jOos'Soj# .2 £ ' § § 11 Sells’S 1-i g.g § vs^g'giS -gB-g-S « a) 0 C £■-* ooo i o^f2 ‘^3 ® d d £ o "I'd a md § M 1’ig’l o fl*?d d"*JL P £8£3 |Sao 355S d M 03 DO ■2 d-* 2 n •3 o d*" 3 a g-g a M O ® be-'a o _a *8 .0 d d «n •s ° S O. t> M ® t> d o d 3 d t3 § « «' = d id O. ® *§-2 ’d ® a 1|S 00 go 5. ,2 o P a ^ S M ■§*? o 5 • * IS d ® 5^3 03 ,2 .13 O g g .3 ‘I « o-S o ® feio c* fljjj a * +* CS _ O QJ d CO >, I t£“ P P'S I. g| g g® O §2 GO Table 52. — Total Negro enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools , by grade, in the 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia which maintained separate schools for Negroes : 1942-43 to 1953-54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 75 O >o t* to eo r-t to i-l o o O H O) 00 10 M to 03 od to id ^ CO cd OWCOfflOOfflOHONMNiji doHodooootoiO'j'coN OOOOOIO^NHM O O ffl N to Kj If M ci to O N if N o oo oi h o IM 1-1 O 1-1 oo t> d id n* ed cd tOU50COOONOU5aNOaO dosedi-IdoSodtdidiQ^edcd tD H (M Tt< 00 OOONO MiONtOiOtOMOtOUOO d i-i o d aj n d d « d n lONCOiOONlOiOONiOiOCO o h d h d d od n d d « d h iotocoiooooioeoioioifiiiN ddddHoiodNTii'iicoNH N 1# 03 d ed cd i-i ONOOilOHi# cd fd cd -d cd cd -i nco^oooa^NioMHiN d'dcdi-ii-idootdfd'dediN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! ! ! 'o 1 *3 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 J o *3 o J * Q rj q rj 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o o j o rt m m qq 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 o s ; j g js ® j ! i -i fl 2 2 tr 1 1 © •2 2 1 1 o ■d 5 > « •s s *2 -a a f a ■§ T. fi g M be "O C3 2 8 S TO T? bl) 2 «- ® cj M g 2 j |1 H £ ^3 >> TJ ^ S'Bfi 1.1 1S5 Ig i o feTOTO&Q^TOHUiPLi a a S L° «? o ffl a 'I I’S g J m 0 CD 'd * 2 W fcJD CD 4h .a* o 8 •I* m .So o •g 2 4 22 « &a ^ .s«s s -w £ TO a ^ ja O o |:§ 1° 8 §g w E* is *3 . o g ^ >a ® ifio “CQ 9 I m 2« 8 go be-— i 03 _ «§■ la 'SftQS 1 •Sts cc 5 ■C2 -to a>s TJ u, a ® 00 © -H^S 5 •H. ej rt d®2? § Q.-^ ^ *43 3 g.® e8 s>s § ? o ® d^d W 1*8 8 *3 §3° b ■£ © © £ OdS ^ ® d d _ d d d -5 1?? I tt> 3 SA *8 5-0 « o a § ll ! •f 8 1 . If if “s »l _«<+* ^05 c3 O <3 *-< § 2 13 ® §® ^2 -o “ la 0 d c-0 •|5 Jg P m c3 cc -s TJ ® ,002 "d © -e ”"3 o M.2 ■** ® c-o © g © © - to K £ S ® £ 2 M o g.2 § a_r © S o 5 o -g'S S a© 5 2-s «cq § 6-g Q - a 2 fl *£§§ ®-J !s| *J o.lt gW ll| ol - « 5) 02. M 2 W 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952—54 Table 56. — Finances of institutions of higher education attended predomi¬ nantly by Negroes: Continental United States , 1953-54 [Financial data in thousands of dollars] AH Institutions attended predominantly by Negroes Item institutions of higher education Number or amount Percent of aU higher education 1 2 3 4 Number of institutions _ 1,863 106 5.7 I. Income Current income . . . . . . $2,945,550 $73,225 2.5 Educational and general _ _ _ 2,338,569 53,376 2.3 Student fees _ _ _ 551,424 12,283 2.2 Federal government: For veterans’ tuition and fees - 44,225 739 1.7 For research . . 281,993 332 . 1 For other purposes _ 90,879 3,422 3.8 State governments _ 740,042 23,892 3.2 Local governments _ 88,198 558 .6 Endowment earnings _ 127,475 2,923 2.3 Private gifts and grants _ 190,899 5,882 3.1 Organized related activities _ 164,880 2,576 1.6 Other sources . . 58,553 769 1.3 Auxiliary enterprises _ 574,770 19,144 3.3 Scholarships, fellowships, prizes _ 32,212 705 2.2 Receipts for plant expansion (all sources) _ 468,667 16,808 3.6 Private gifts and grants, nonexpendable funds _ 106,483 1,500 1.4 Endowment 1 _ 100,060 1,474 1.5 Student loan funds . . 1,860 24 1.3 Annuity funds _ 4,562 2 (2) II. Expenditures Current expenditures . . . 2,882,864 71,804 2.5 Educational and general _ _ _ _ 2,271,296 51,791 2.3 Administration and general expense _ 288,147 8,675 3.0 Instruction, departmental research _ 960,555 27,537 2.9 Extension and public services _ 112,227 362 .3 Libraries _ 72,944 2,127 2.9 Plant operation and maintenance. . . 277,874 9,482 3.4 Organized research. . . . 372,643 407 .1 Organized related activities _ 186,905 3,201 1.7 Auxiliary enterprises _ 537,532 18,223 3.4 Scholarships, fellowships, prizes _ 74,035 1,790 2.4 Expenditures for plant expansion _ 530,804 21,885 4.1 III. Property Plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds 3 . . 11,305,522 326,960 2.9 Plant and plant funds . . . 7,995,295 256,368 3.2 Value of physical plant _ 7,523,193 236,309 3.1 Unexpended plant funds . . . . .. 472,101 20,059 4.2 Nonexpendable funds . . . 3,310,227 70,592 2.1 Endowment 1 _ 3,193,889 70,037 2.2 Student loan funds . 49,085 485 1.0 Annuity funds _ 67,253^ 70 .1 1 Includes funds functioning as endowment. * Less than 0.05 percent. * At end of fiscal year. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1952-54, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education, Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1953-54. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 83 International Educational Activities For very nearly a century, the United States Government through one agency or another has engaged in a variety of international educational activities. These have come to include (1) the preparation of studies on educational systems in other countries; (2) the evaluation of academic credentials of foreign institutions; (3) the operation of exchange and other programs for students, teachers, research scholars, and leaders from abroad; (4)]the assignment of specialists to American overseas educational programs and to foreign governments at their request; (5) the drawing up of inter -university contracts between institutions in the United States and abroad; (6) technical assistance of various kinds in the field of education to countries in many parts of the world; and (7) educational services to international bodies, including the preparation of reports at their request, the provision of advisory services, and participation in international conferences dealing with education. Primary responsi¬ bility for many of these activities now lies with the Office of Education’s Division of International Education. During 1953-54 the publication, Education in Pakistan , was released by the Office. This bulletin is one of a series of basic studies of the educational systems of other countries. Studies of education in Bolivia, France, the German Federal Republic, Sweden, and Turkey were pub¬ lished during the 5 -year period immediately preceding 1954. The credentials of 2,472 students from 96 countries were evaluated by the Office of Education during the year. This service facilitated the placement of these students in American colleges and universities. The Office also reviewed the level of instruction of 166 foreign institutions which applied to train American veterans of the Korean conflict under Public Law 550. During the academic year 1953-54, three continuing international educational programs, the Teacher Exchange Program, the Teacher Education Program, and the Leader and Specialist Program, were being operated by the Division of International Education of the Office of Education in cooperation with the Department of State. The Teacher Exchange Program, authorized by the Fulbright Act and the Smith-Mundt Act, was initiated in 1946-47, when 74 teachers from the United Kingdom exchanged teaching assignments for 1 year with an equal number of teachers from this country. In the ensuing years, the program has expanded considerably until in 1953-54, it included 429 teachers. The cosmopolitan nature of the program is indicated by the fact that 28 countries on 5 continents participated in the exchange of teachers (table 57). The Teacher Education Program, initiated in 1944, is designed to offer to teachers, supervisors, and school administrators from other countries 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 additional training and experience in their special fields of interest. As a rule, the grantees under this program spend 6 months in this country with a view to returning to their homelands to strengthen and develop the education programs there. During the year 1953-54, approximately 400 persons were brought to the United States under this program. The Leader and Specialist Program enabled 145 leaders from 47 countries to come to the United States during 1953-54. Included in this group were college presidents, professors, members of the staff of the West German Parliament, representatives of ministries of education, and various educational specialists. Grantees customarily stayed in the United States for about 3 months observing activities in their special fields. Table 58 shows the number of participants in this program from its inception in 1948-49 through 1953-54. At the end of June 1954, administration of the program was transferred from the Office of Educa¬ tion to the American Council on Education. A student exchange program, administered by the Institute of Inter¬ national Education in cooperation with the Department of State, is also part of the Fulbright Program. Table 59 reports the number of students from the United States who studied abroad, and the number of foreign students who came to this country to study under this program. Table 57. — Number of participants in teacher exchange programs between the United States and various countries: 1946—47 to 1953-54 Country 1946-47 1947-48 1948-49 1949-50 1950-61 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total 1 _ 148 260 252 246 280 336 420 429 Austria _ 5 8 7 Australia _ 8 14 Belgium _ 3 9 6 8 7 Burma _ 1 2 3 4 4 Canada _ 8 14 32 14 22 14 22 Egypt _ 4 4 7 France _ 14 14 22 14 34 34 Germany _ 38 20 Greece _ 11 9 India _ 3 4 7 9 Italy _ 1 5 10 17 Netherlands _ 1 10 23 26 28 New Zealand _ 8 10 10 Norway _ 14 9 9 Pakistan _ 3 5 4 Philippines 1 6 4 2 Thailand _ 9 9 7 United Kingdom _ 148 262 224 194 207 207 203 202 Other countries 2 _ 6 5 10 19 1 Of the total number of 2,371 teachers who participated in exchange programs during this 8-year period, 2,034 were exchanged in pairs on a person-for-person basis, 311 were United States teachers going to foreign countries without an interchange, and 26 were foreign teachers coming to this country without an interchange. 2 Includes the following countries each of which had fewer than 10 participants: Ceylon, 1 teacher; Denmark, 6; Iran, 9; Iraq, 6; Japan, 4; Syria, 2; Turkey, 2; Union of South Africa, 1; and colonial areas of the United Kingdom, 9. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Division of International Education. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 85 Table 58. — Number of participants in the Leader and Specialist Program: 1948-49 to 1953-54 Country 1948-49 1949-50 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total _ 75 163 230 236 196 145 Austria _ 11 7 9 4 2 Germany _ 75 105 100 134 131 81 Japan _ 47 115 65 11 Ryukyu Islands _ 8 9 3 Other countries 1 _ 19 58 51 1 A total of 43 other countries participated in this program. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Division of International Education. Table 59. — Number of students receiving Fulbright awards: 1949-50 to 1953-54 Year Number of countries involved Number of United States grantees Number of foreign grantees 1 2 3 4 1949-50. _ _ 11 831 606 1950-51 . . . . . . 14 1,039 1,169 1951-52 . . . . . . . . . 18 1,274 1,606 1,779 1952-53 . . . . 24 2,192 1953-54 . . . . 25 1,670 2,374 Source: Institute of International Education, New York. Table 60. — Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education: 1948-49 to 1953-54 Areas of origin Academic year Western Hemis¬ phere Europe Africa Asia and Near East Pacific Others Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1948-49 . 11,070 » 4,065 888 8,218 2 845 378 25,464 1949-50 . 10,444 i 5,574 904 8,313 2 938 260 26,433 1950-51 . . 10,962 i 7,157 1,027 9,411 2 1,110 146 29,813 1951-52 . . 11,034 17,220 1,072 9,737 2 1,227 184 30,474 1952-53 . 12,258 7,856 1,081 2 11,547 316 i 617 33,675 1953-54 _ 13,297 6,171 1,163 1 12,766 354 i 82 33,833 1 Includes students from U.S.S.R., presumably emigres or refugees. 2 Includes students from the Philippines. Source: Institute of International Education, New York: Education for One World, 1948-49 to 1953-54. 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 During the year 1953-54, a total of 33,833 persons from other countries I were attending courses at American institutions of higher education S (table 60). Of these, the Western Hemisphere accounted for 39.3 per- j cent, Asia and the Near East for 37.7 percent, and Europe for 18.2 percent. J The other 4.8 percent came from other areas. The Office administered technical training programs during the year i for about 550 trainees sponsored by the Foreign Operations Administra¬ tion. Trainees from 40 countries participated in this program. From the time UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) was first organized, the Office of Education has maintained a vital interest in its work. The Office has supplied com¬ prehensive statistical reports concerning education in the United States, at all levels, both public and nonpublic, to UNESCO for publication in its "World Handbook of Educational Organization and Statistics." Over j the past several years, the Office has worked closely with State boards of education in developing teaching methods and materials for use in instruction in international understanding based on the concepts of the United Nations. The Office has also endeavored to assist in this effort by providing advice, bibliographies, and materials to interested organi¬ zations and institutions, and by making studies of education in other countries to help the American people understand the educational and cultural motivations of other peoples. PS-34-57 ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1057 — 421878 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1952-54 Chapter 2 Statistics of State School Systems: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances 1953-54 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Highlights 1. Total pupil enrollments in public elementary and second¬ ary schools rose from 26,563,000 in 1951-52 to a record 28,836,000 in 1953-54, an increase of 2,273,000, or 8.6 percent. 2. The total instructional staff rose 86,000, or 8.5 percent, during the 1952-54 biennium, reaching a peak of 1,098,000 in 1953-54. 3. More than 1.1 million pupils were graduated from public high schools in 1953-54, the highest number since the peak year of 1941-42. 4. The steady decline in the number of school districts con¬ tinued, dropping to 63,000 in 1953-54 from 71,000 two years earlier. 5. The number of one-teacher schools was reduced from 50,700 in 1951-52 to 42,800 in 1953-54. 6. In 1953-54 total revenue receipts for school purposes (income from appropriations, taxes, etc.) amounted to $7,867 million. Of this total, the Federal Government contributed 4.5 percent; State sources, 37.4 percent; county and other intermediate sources, 3.1 percent; local sources, 54.7 percent; and other sources, 0.3 percent. 7. A grand total of $9,092 million was spent in 1953-54 for public school education (current expenditures, capital outlay, and interest), an increase of 23.8 percent over the $7,345 million spent in 1951-52. 8. The current expenditure per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance amounted to $264.76 in 1953-54. 9. The average annual salary of the total instructional staff in 1953-54 was $3,825. In comparison, the personal income per member of the labor force was $4,245. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1952-54 Chapter 2 Statistics of State School Systems: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances 1953-54 Samuel Schloss, Specialist in Educational Statistics, and Carol Joy Hobson, Research Assistant, prepared this chapter under the general direction of Emery M. Foster U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Marion B. Folsom, Secretary Office of Education • John Ralph Rackley, Acting Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1952-54 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1952-54: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1953-54. Chapter 5. Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53. Chapter 6. Statistics of Public -School Libraries, 1953-54. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 55 cents Foreword THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States continues the series of periodic statistical reports on elementary and secondary education by the Office of Education which began with the school year 1869-70. For the school years 1869-70 through 1915-16 the reports were included as part of the Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Education. Since 1917-18 the report has been issued biennially for each school year ending in an even number. A number of changes have been made in the basic tables of this chapter. Among the more significant data included for the first time are: (a) Separate totals for each of the various categories of nonsupervisory instructional personnel (classroom teachers, li¬ brarians, guidance workers, and psychologists) — table 9; (6) cap¬ ital outlay for publicly owned school plants completed during the fiscal year — table 35; and (c) the amount of Federal and State aid for capital outlay — table 34. A sufficient number of States re¬ ported these data to make inclusion of the information desirable in the present chapter. Certain significant parts of the data in the present chapter were made available through a multilithed summary (Office of Educa¬ tion Circular No. 480); and some of the tables were made avail¬ able, earlier, through photostat. Thus, at least part of the data have been available for use long before publication of the final, completed chapter. The present chapter, like its predecessors, presents data chiefly for full-time public elementary and secondary day schools. Kin¬ dergartens have been included as part of elementary schools. Some data are also given for junior colleges, summer schools, and adult education, as well as for nonpublic (denominational and non¬ sectarian) schools. Not included in this chapter are data for the following types of public schools: (a) Schools operated directly by the Federal Government on military reservations; (6) Federal schools for Indians and for the natives of Alaska; (c) residential schools for exceptional children; and ( d ) demonstration, model, and training schools attached to teachers colleges or universities. Some data on schools in these various categories are, however, in¬ cluded in the "Statistical Summary of Education," constituting hi IV FOREWORD Chapter 1 of the Biennial Survey. Not covered in any chapter of the Biennial Survey are private commercial and trade schools, private schools of art, music, dancing, etc., of less than college grade, and private correspondence schools. The data of the present chapter were collected by means of two report -forms addressed to the State departments of education (these forms are reproduced at the end of the present chapter). The items in the report-forms are "keyed” to the items of Hand¬ book /, The Common Core of State Educational Information. This Handbook , published by the Office of Education in 1953, lists the items of information which, according to the consensus of a series of conferences, "every State department of education should have available annually.” This chapter embodies the cooperative efforts of many persons connected with the public schools of the Nation. First, there are more than one million teachers, not to mention bus drivers, cus¬ todians, and others, who report basic data to the principals of about 137,000 elementary and secondary schools. Summary re¬ ports from the principals are then checked and compiled by about 8,000 officials — mainly superintendents and school business officers of county, city, or independent school districts — who, in turn, transmit the information to the State or Territorial department of education. There the data are further scrutinized and summar¬ ized, and an extensive statistical report (in two parts) is made to the Office of Education. In the Office of Education the data are carefully reviewed, analyzed, and prepared for publication. Each of the groups in this step-by-step process has had to contend with the problems of accuracy, completeness, and comparability in con¬ solidating the reports from the previous level. The Office of Education is indebted to all who have supplied the data appearing finally in this chapter. The present report exemplifies one of the major functions of the Office of Education as a clearinghouse for the collection and dissemination of basic educational information. In an educa¬ tional system characterized by decentralized control and volun¬ tary cooperation, such a clearinghouse has special utility. Acknowledgment is made to W. Vance Grant, Research Assist¬ ant, who assisted in analyzing and tabulating the data for this report. Herbert S. Conrad, Director , Research and Statistical Services Branch. John R. Rackley, Acting Commissioner. Contents Text Page Foreword . m Administrative Organization of Public Elementary and Secondary Education . 2 State boards of education . 2 State departments of education . 3 Intermediate administrative units . 3 Local basic administrative units ( school districts ) . 3 Teachers and Other Instructional Staff . 5 Growth of School-Age Population and Total Population. . 6 Proportion of Various Age Groups of the School-Age Popu¬ lation Enrolled in Public and Nonpublic Schools . 6 Proportion of population aged 5-17 enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools . 7 Pupil Enrollment in Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools . 7 Total enrollment . 7 Enrollment in kindergarten through grade 8 . 9 Enrollment in grades 9-12 and postgraduate . 10 Average daily attendance . 10 Ratio of pupils to instructional staff . 11 Public High School Graduates . 12 One-Teacher Schools . 12 National School-Lunch Program . 12 Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Education. . 13 Receipts . 13 Total expenditures . 16 Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools 16 Average annual salaries of instructional staff . 18 Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance . 19 Expenditures for pupil transportation . 19 Capital outlay . 20 Interest . 20 School indebtedness . 21 v VI CONTENTS Page Public Elementary and Secondary Schools for Negroes. . . 21 Negro total population and school-age population . 22 Enrollment in Negro elementary and secondary schools . 22 Attendance and length of school term . 23 Public high school graduates . 23 Instructional staff . 23 Finances . 23 Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education . 24 Text Tables A. Enrollment of civilian noninstitutional population, 5-17 years old, in public and nonpublic schools, by age group: Continental United States, October 1953 . 7 B. Enrollment, average daily attendance, and percent of enrolled pupils attending daily, public elementary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, 1909-10 to 1953-54 . 8 C. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary day schools, and percent change in enrollment between selected years, by grade: Continental United States, 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 9 D. Enrollment of boys and girls in grades 9 to 12 in public day schools, and percent change in enrollment between selected years: Continental United States, 1909-10 to 1953-54 . 10 E. Revenue receipts, public elementary and secondary school systems, by governmental source: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 . 14 F. Revenue receipts, nonrevenue receipts, and beginning balances, public elementary and secondary school systems: Continental United States, 1951-52 and 1953-54 . 16 G. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 . 17 H. Nonpublic (denominational and nonsectarian) schools: Esti¬ mated number of instructional staff and enrollment, by level: Continental United States, 1931-32 to 1953-54 . 25 Basic Tables 1. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: 1869-70 to 1953-54 . 26 2. Board members and staff of State boards of education and staff of State departments of education, by State: 1953-54 . 28 3. Intermediate administrative units: Number of units, board members, and staff, by State: 1953-54 . 30 4. Board members and staff of local basic administrative units (school districts), by State: 1953-54 . 32 CONTENTS VII Page 5. Distribution of local basic administrative units (school dis¬ tricts) by type of program operated, by State’ 1953-54 . 34 6. Size distribution of local basic administrative units (school districts) by numbei of pupils in average daily attendance, by State: 1953-54 . 36 7. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), and number of one-teacher schools, by State: 1931-32 to 1953-54 . 38 8. Number of public schools by type, including one-teacher schools, by State: 1953-54 . 40 9. Instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position and level of instruction, by State: 1953-54 . 42 10. Classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools, by sex and level of instruction, by State: 1953-54. ... 44 11. Personnel engaged in health, food services, and recreational ac¬ tivities in local basic administrative units, by State: 1953-54 . . 46 12. Personnel engaged in attendance, clerical, plant operation and maintenance, transportation, and miscellaneous activities in local basic administrative units, by State: 1953-54 . 48 13. Total population, school-age population, and enrollment by grade group and high school graduates of full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, by State: 1953-54 . 50 14. Enrollment by grade in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1953-54 . 52 15. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools: 1942-43 to 1953-54. ... 54 16. Total number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1953-54. ... 56 17. Percent of total population and percent of school-age popula¬ tion enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1953-54 . 58 18. Enrollment, attendance, and membership in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1953-54. ... 60 19. Average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1953-54 . 62 20. Students and employed personnel in public summer elementary and secondary schools, adult education, and community colleges, by State: 1953-54 . 64 21. Selected data on the pupil-transportation and school-lunch programs, by State: 1953-54 . 66 22. Summary of revenue and nonrevenue receipts and beginning balances, by State: 1953-54 . 68 VIII CONTENTS Page 23. Revenue receipts from Federal, State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by State: 1953-54 . 70 24. Percentage distribution of revenue receipts from Federal, State, intermediate, local, and other sources, by State: 1953-54 . 72 25. Nonrevenue receipts from State, intermediate, and local sources, and beginning balances, by State: 1953-54 . 74 26. Summary of expenditures for public schools, by State: 1953- 54 . 76 27. Current expenditures for administration for State boards of education and State departments of education, by State: 1953-54 . 78 28. Current expenditures for administration for intermediate and local basic administrative units, by State: 1953-54 . 80 29. Current expenditures for instruction in full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, by State: 1953-54. ... 82 30. Average annual salary per member of total instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State; and personal income per member of labor force: Conti¬ nental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 . 84 31. Current expenditures for plant operation and maintenance, and fixed charges, by State: 1953-54 . 86 32. Current expenditures for other public-school services and com¬ munity services, by State: 1953-54 . 88 33. Current expenditures for public summer elementary and secondary schools, adult education, and community colleges, by State: 1953-54 . 90 34. Expenditures for capital outlay, by State: 1953-54 . 92 35. Capital outlay cost of publicly owned school plants completed and made available for use during the year, by organizational level, by State: 1953-54 . 94 36. Expenditures for debt service, by State: 1953-54 . 96 37. Status of school bonds and other indebtedness, permanent school funds, and acres of school land, by State: 1953-54. ... 98 38. Unit expenditure data for public-school systems, by State: 1953-54 . 100 39. Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1929-30 to 1953-54 . 102 40. Historical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary school statistics for the group of 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes: 1919-20 to 1953-54 . 104 CONTENTS IX Page 41. Number of Negro public schools, by type, including one- teacher schools, and number of Negro high school graduates, by sex, in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes, by State: 1953-54 . 106 42. Negro instructional staff, by type of position and level of in¬ struction, in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes, by State: 1953-54 . 107 43. Negro classroom teachers, by level of instruction and by sex, in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes, by State: 1953-54 . 108 44. Negro enrollment, by grade, in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes, by State: 1953-54 . 109 45. Total Negro enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade, in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes: 1942-43 to 1953-54 . 110 46. Comparison of white and Negro enrollment, attendance, and membership in public elementary and secondary schools, in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes, by State: 1953-54 . 112 47. Comparison of selected expenditures for white and Negro public schools in the 11 States keeping separate records, by State: 1953-54 . 113 48. Comparison of selected unit expenditures for white and Negro public schools in the 11 States keeping separate records, by State: 1953-54 . Ill 49. Estimated number of pupils enrolled and instructional staff in nonpublic (denominational and nonsectarian) schools, by organizational level, by State: 1953-54 . 115 50. Catholic elementary and secondary schools: Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils, by organizational level, by State: 1953-54 . 116 Technical Notes . 118 Report Form . 120 ■ Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is devoted almost exclusively to data on the organization, staffing, enrollment, and finances of public elementary and secondary schools in the 48 States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying parts of the United States, for the school year 1953-54. A number of tables also give historical data for prior years — in some cases going back as far as 1869-70. In addition, a text table is included, based on data from the Bureau of the Census, which presents figures on the combined public and nonpublic school enrollment by age, as of October 1953. Some data are also given for public summer schools, adult education, and community colleges, as well as for non¬ public elementary and secondary schools. Nonpublic schools include both denominational and nonsectarian schools, but not private residential schools for exceptional children or private vocational and trade schools. Public schools not included in this chapter are (1) those operated directly by the Federal Government on military reservations and schools for Indians and Alaskan natives; (2) public residential schools for exceptional children; and (3) model or training schools attached to teachers colleges or universities. Figures for these schools are included, to the extent available, in Statistical Summary of Education, which constitutes chapter 1 of the Biennial Survey of Education for 1952-54. Totals for the continental United States include the 48 States and the District of Columbia, hut not the Territories or outlying parts. Direct comparisons should not be made between individual States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia, because the school system of the latter corresponds to that of other large cities rather than to that of an entire State, in which both rural and city schools are included. For some time the Office of Education, in conjunction with other agencies (particularly the State departments of education and the Council of Chief State School Officers), has encouraged the adoption of uniform terminology and definitions in school records, accounts, and reports. Handbook I, The Common Core of State Educational Information 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 (Office of Education Bulletin 1953, No. 8), incorporates much useful information on the meaning of terms used in educational statistics which should prove helpful to the readers of this chapter. Data for this chapter were furnished by State and Territorial depart¬ ments of education to the Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The State reports were, in turn, based on data supplied by local or intermediate administrative units, and represent the cooperative efforts of an estimated 1,350,000 persons at the State, inter¬ mediate, and local levels, including superintendents, supervisors, prin¬ cipals, teachers, and other instructional and noninstructional staff, but excluding board members. It is important to recognize the difficulties that the States must overcome in their efforts to obtain complete and accurate information from the thousands of local units which must keep records that will permit them to report on a uniform basis the data needed for the effective planning of local and State educational programs. This report constitutes the only comprehensive, periodic summariza¬ tion of statistics of public elementary and secondary education in the United States. It furnishes basic information for the formulation of educational policies and programs. A recapitulation of the principal items of information from 1869-70 through 1953-54 is given in table l.1 Administrative Organization af Public Elementary and Secondary Education The role of the State in the administration of the educational program is exercised through State boards of education, chief State school officers, and State departments of education. State Boards of Education During the school year 1953-54, 44 States had State boards of education (table 2). These State boards exercised control over elementary and secondary schools, and, in some instances, over other types of schools. The State board of education was designated as the State board for vocational education in 40 of the 44 States having such boards. The 4 States with no boards of education had State vocational boards. Four other States had separate boards for vocational education apart from their State boards. There was a wide range in the size of the boards — the number of mem¬ bers ranged from 3 to 21. Almost half of the States reported that their boards (both State and vocational) were assisted bv a total of 298 profes¬ sional personnel and 267 secretarial and clerical assistants. 1 Arabic numerals indicate basic tables which are found in the latter part of this chapter; capital letters refer to text tables. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 State Departments of Education Each State has a State department of education which is headed by a chief State school officer. Staffs of State departments totaled more than 8,700 individuals, consisting of approximately 3,400 supervisory and pro¬ fessional stalf members, more than 3,900 secretarial and clerical assistants, and almost 200 plant operation and maintenance employees for operating the regular programs; in addition, there were 200 administrative heads of othei programs and 1,000 aides (table 2). Professional staffs of the State departments include superintendents or commissioners and their deputies, directors of divisions and chiefs of organized services, and regional and district supervisors. Intermediate Administrative Units Because most States operate their schools through many small school districts with limited resources, some intermediate unit of school adminis¬ tration has been found desirable. Intermediate units for public-school administration, operating between the State and the local level, include counties, parts of counties, and supervisory unions. The main responsi¬ bility of intermediate units has been not the operation of schools but the rendering of consultative, advisory, and statistical services, and the exercise of regulatory and inspectorial functions. Many intermediate units provide services such as the supervision of instruction, health super¬ vision, attendance service, and pupil transportation service. About a third of the States have intermediate boards of education; the 30 States reporting had a total of approximately 6,900 board members (table 3). Staffs of intermediate units consisted of some 4,700 superintendents, super¬ visors, attendance officers, and other professional personnel; almost 1,200 secretarial and clerical assistants; and more than 500 other personnel. Local Basic Administrative Units ( School Districts ) The actual operation of schools is generally the responsibility of local school systems in the various States. The local basic administrative unit or school district is an area that is organized as a quasi-corporation, under the jurisdiction of a board of education responsible for the administration of all public schools in the area. School districts provide the machinery through which local control of schools is exercised, an I are largely respon¬ sible for the location and size of schools, the types of educational programs and services offered, and the amount of financial support to be provided locally. The size and characteristics of the local school districts vary from State to State. There has been a steady decline in the number of districts in recent years as a result of reorganization and consolidation. The total number of districts in the continental United States in 1953-54 was approximately 63,000, as compared with 71,000 in 1951-52, and 83,600 in 1949-50 (table 7). Most school districts do not operate a complete edu¬ cational program. Forty States reported the number of local school 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 districts according to the type of program operated. Out of a total of approximately 52,600 districts, 33,000 maintained elementary grades only, 11,000 operated elementary and secondary schools, and about 1,200 main¬ tained secondary grades only. More than 7,300 districts operated no program at all (table 5). For the 40 States which supplied the pertinent information, table 6 gives a size distribution of the number of school districts according to the number of pupils in average daily attendance. Of the 45,900 school dis¬ tricts in these States, 55 percent had fewer than 25 pupils in average daily attendance; 16 percent had between 25 and 100 pupils; 21 percent had between 100 and 1,000 pupils; and only 8 percent had more than 1,000 pupils in average daily attendance. These data reveal that local school districts are still predominantly small, even though considerable progress has been made in the consolidalion of small, inefficient units. Each school district has a school board, usually consisting of from 3 to 9 members vested with policymaking and supervisory authority; some districts have subordinate boards or school trustees with more limited authority. The vast majority of school boards are elected by popular vote, while others are appointed by various Government officials. In 1953-54, there were 232,600 school board members, an increase of 12,600, or 5.7 percent, over the number in 1951-52. In addition, States reported a total of 14,600 members of subordinate boards, including school trustees. The administrative staff of local school districts consisted of 14,200 superintendents and 4,600 aides. The instructional staff, numbering 1,098,000, constituted by far the largest group of school district employees (almost five-sixths of the total). Twenty -seven States and the District of Columbia reported a total of more than 7,000 secretarial and clerical assistants to instructional personnel (table 12). Nonin st ruction a 1 personnel employed in local school systems (tables 11 and 12) are engaged in such activities as attendance enforcement, school health and recreation, pupil transportation, the school lunch pro¬ gram, and the operation and maintenance of the school plant. Thirty -six States and the District of Columbia reported 185,000 full-time and 30,000 part-time noninstructional personnel (table 4). Taking into account the fact that 12 States did not collect any data on noninstructional personnel and some others only part of the information, it is estimated that there were more than 300,000 employees in the continental United States en¬ gaged in such activities. Overall, some 1.6 million persons are considered to be directly concerned with the operation of the public elementary and secondary schools. These include board members (generally serving with¬ out compensation), the administrative staffs at the State, intermediate, and local levels, and the instructional and noninstructional staffs. It is significant that almost 99 percent of these individuals serve at the local level. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 Teachers and Other Instructional Staff Instructional staff, as the term is used in this chapter, refers to those personnel who render direct and personal services which are in the nature of teaching or the improvement of the teacher -learning situation. Included, therefore, are supervisors of instruction, principals, teachers, guidance personnel, librarians, and psychological personnel. The duty of supervisors of instruction, including consultants, is to assist teachers in improving the learning situation and instructional methods at a particular level or in a particular subject. Principals are the administrative heads of schools. They usually administer a building or a group of buildings with or without the aid of supervisors. Data on personnel are reported in terms of number of positions, rather than the number of individuals occupying those positions during the school year. The latter generally exceeds the former by a small amount. In 1953-54, the instructional staff (table 9) consisted of some 10,300 supervisors, 45,700 principals, 1,032,100 classroom teachers, and 10,200 other instructional staff. They constituted a total of 1,098,300, an increase of 86,000, or 8.5 percent, over 1951-52. Separate data on classroom teachers were collected for the first time in the 1953-54 survey. In prior years information was requested for the combined group of classroom teachers and other nonsupervisory instructional staff. In 1953-54, the 1,032,000 classroom teachers accounted for 94 percent of the total instructional staff. Approximately 657,000 were elementary teachers and 375,000 were secondary teachers. A number of States also reported separately for several other categories of instructional personnel. Included were some 4,800 librarians, 4,800 guidance personnel, and about 600 psychological personnel. The percentage of male instructional staff members (excluding super¬ visors and principals) declined from 42.8 in 1879-80 to 14.1 in 1919-20. In subsequent years the proportion of men has fluctuated in a range from 15.3 to 24.4 percent. In 1943-44, in the middle of Woild War II, men constituted only 15.3 percent of the total nonsupervisory instructional staff. Since then there has been a steady increase — the percentage rose to 16.6 in 1945-46; 18.8 in 1947-48; 21.3 in 1949-50; and 24.4 in 1951-52. In the 1953-54 survey, respondents were asked to report the sex of class¬ room teachers only. Consequently, the exact number of men in the instructional staff is not known. However, the number of male classroom teachers is known, and it is possible to make a reasonably accurate estimate of the number of men serving as guidance personnel, librarians, and psychological personnel. It is estimated that during 1953-54 men constituted 24.6 percent of the total nonsupervisory instructional staff. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Growth of School- Age Population and Total Population During the eighty -odd years for which the Office of Education has been collecting educational statistics, there has been a marked increase in the number of children to be educated. However, the relative increase in the population of elementary -secondary school age (generally taken to com¬ prise the ages 5 through 17) has not been as large as the increase in the total population. The total population more than quadrupled during the period, while the population aged 5 through 17 multiplied somewhat less than three times (table 1). This is largely accounted for by the increasing longevity of the total population, resulting from a declining mortality at both ends of the life span. The proportion that the popula¬ tion aged 5-17 is of the total population declined steadily— from 31.3 percent in 1869-70 to 20.3 percent in 1949-50; but has been moving up¬ ward subsequently, rising to 20.5 percent in 1951-52 and to 21.8 percent in 1953-54. The population aged 5-17, which was about 12 million in 1869-70, increased steadily at a rate of about 3 million each decade until 1909-10, and then increased by 3.5 million between 1909-10 and 1919-20. The next decade saw the largest increase (3.8 million), which brought the total number of children aged 5-17 to 31.6 million by 1929-30. The size of this age group reached a peak of 32.4 million in 1933-34, and then went into a decline which lasted until the end of World War II. The upturn in the birthrate immediately following the war resulted in a successive increase in the size of the population aged 5-17. But it was not until the beginning of the school year 1951-52 that the number of children in this group (31.4 million) approached the level reached in 1935-36, when it had been 31.6 million. In 1953-54, the school-age population attained an all-time peak of 34.5 million children. The increase is expected to continue at an accelerated rate, at least through the remaining years of the present decade. Proportion of Various Age Groups of the School-Age Population Enrolled in Public and Nonpublic Schools Table A presents Bureau of the Census data as of October 1953 on the enrollment, by age groups, of the civilian nonins titutional population 5 to 17 years old in public and nonpublic schools combined. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 Table A. — Enrollment of civilian noninstitutional population, 5-17 years old in public and nonpublic schools, by age group: Continental United States, October 1953 Age group 1 Population. 5-17 years (thousands) Enrollment (thousands) Percent of population enrolled > 2 3 4 5 to 17 years .. _ _ _ 34,660 31, 755 91.6 5 vears _ _ _ - - - _ - - _ 3,521 22, 364 2,056 22, 161 58.4 99.1 6 to 13 years - _ _ _ _ 6 years . _ - _ _ . _ _ . . 3, 723 8, 457 10, 184 3, 636 8, 407 10, 118 97.7 99.4 99.4 7 to 9 years . - - - _ - -- -- - _ 10 to 13 years . - - - - - _ _ _ _ 14 to 17 years _ . _ . - _ _ -- -- 8, 775 7,538 85.9 14 to 15 years _ _ _ - _ ----- - - _ 4, 516 4, 259 4, 358 3, 180 96.5 74.7 16 to 17 years - . . . . . - - _ _ _ 1 Comparisons of the ages of the population and their normal level in school are based on the following assumptions: elementary-secondary school, 5 to 17 years old; kindergarten, 5 years old; elementary grades, 6 to 13 years old; and secondary grades, 14 to 17 years old. Source: Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 52, U. S. Bureau of the Census (based on sample survey of the population) . Proportion of Population Aged 5-17 Enrolled in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools The proportioa of children aged 5-17 who were enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools increased steadily from 57 percent in 1869-70 to a peak of 85.3 percent in 1939-40 (table 1). The percentage fluctuated around a lower level during most of the 1940’s (it declined to 79.4 percent in 1947-48). However, the trend has been generally upward in recent years; the percentage rose to 81.6 in 1949-50 and 84.7 in 1951-52, but declined to 83.5 in 1953-54. An addi¬ tional 12.5 percent of the group aged 5-17 was enrolled in nonpublic schools during 1953-54. Pupil Enrollment in Public Elementary and Second¬ ary Day Schools Total Enrollment Total enrollment in public elementary and secondary day schools has shown a more consistent growth, decade by decade, than has the popula¬ tion of elementary -secondary school age. From an enrollment of less than 7 million in 1869-70, the number rose to 26.4 million in 1933-34, a high which was not to be reached or surpassed until 1951-52. The lower number of births during the depression years of the 1930’s and the un- 399804 0—57 - 2 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 settled conditions during the war years which followed resulted in a gradual decline in enrollments to a low of 23.2 million in 1944-45. The downward trend in enrollments was reversed in 1945-46 and the subse¬ quent growth has been at an increasing rate, reaching an all-time peak of 28.8 million in 1953-54 (table B). Table B. — Enrollment , average daily attendance , and percent of enrolled pupils attending daily , public elementary and secondary day schools: Con¬ tinental United States, 1909-10 to 1953-54 Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent average daily attend¬ ance is of enroll¬ ment Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent average daily attend¬ ance is of enroll¬ ment < 2 3 4 i 2 3 4 1909-10 . . 17, 814 21, 578 25, 678 26, 275 12,827 16, 150 21, 265 22, 245 22, 458 22,299 22,298 22, 042 72.0 1943-44 _ 23, 267 19, 603 84.3 1919-20 _ 74. 8 1944-45 _ 23,226 19, 671 84.7 1929-30 _ 82. 8 1945-46 _ 23, 300 23, 657 23, 945 19, 849 20, 449 20,910 85.2 1931-32 . 84. 7 1946-47 _ 86.4 1933-34 _ 26, 434 26, 367 25, 975 25, 434 25, 296 85.0 1947-48 . . 87.3 1935-36. . 84. 6 1948-49 _ 24, 477 21,496 22,284 22, 747 87.8 1937-38 85.8 1949-50 25,111 25, 706 88.7 1939-40 . . 86.7 1950-51 _ 88.5 1940-41. . 21, 547 21, 031 20,293 85. 2 1951-52 . 26, 563 28, 836 23,257 87.6 1941- 42. _ 1942- 43 _ 24,562 24, 155 85.6 84.0 1953-54 _ 25, 644 88.9 Total public-school enrollment increased 23.9 percent between 1943-44 and 1953-54 (table 16). However, the rate of growth varied consider¬ ably among the States. Increases in enrollment ranged from 3.5 percent in Arkansas to 95.1 percent in Arizona. Mississippi, with a loss of 3.7 percent, was the only State which experienced a decrease in enrollment during the 10-year period. Regionally, the West,2 with an increase of 52.8 percent, was far ahead of the other sections of the country. The North Central 2 region and the South 2 had enrollment increases of 22.5 and 20.4 percent, respectively, while the Northeast 2 showed the smallest gain (16.8 percent). It should be noted that the enrollment information in the Biennial Survey of Education is collected on a State-by-State basis, and represents a cumulative count of the total number of different pupils registered at any time during the school year in each State. Pupils enrolled in two or more States at any time during the school year are therefore counted more than once, and this has a tendency to increase the total enrollment figure for the Nation. It is estimated that the net enrollment in 1953-54, excluding interstate transfers, was 28,233,000. This amount is 603,000, or 2.1 percent, less than the 28,836,000 actually given in the various tables of this chapter. 2 See p. 118 for the States comprising each of the 4 geographic regions used in this chapter. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 Enrollment in Kindergarten Through Grade 8 Enrollment in kindergarten and grades 1 through 8 for the continental United States reached a high of 21.3 million pupils in 1929-30 (table 1). It declined in each subsequent year through 1944-45 (to 17.7 million), but has been rising steadily since then. There was an increase of 1.3 million pupils between 1949-50 and 1951-52 to a total of 20.7 million, reflecting the initial impact of the increased birthrate following World War II (table 1). An even larger increase of 1.9 million pupils from 1951- 52 to 1953-54 brought elementary enrollment to an all-time high of 22.6 million. The entire gain in total enrollment between 1939-40 and 1953- 54 was accounted for by an increase of almost 20 percent in elementary enrollment (table C). During the 14-year period the largest gains were registered in kindergarten enrollments, which more than doubled, and in the first, second, fifth, and eighth grades, where the percentage increases were 21.5, 26.0, 16.0, and 19.5, respectively. Each of the other elemen¬ tary grades showed at least a small increase in enrollment during the same period. Table 15 contains a breakdown of elementary and secondary enroll¬ ments, by grade, from 1942-43 to 1953-54; and table C supplements these data with percentage changes in grade enrollments for selected years. Table C. — Enrollment in public elementary and secondary day schools, and percent change in enrollment between selected years, by grade: Continental United States, 1939-40 to 1953-54 Enrollment (thousands) Percent change Grade 1939-40 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1939-40 to 1949-50 1949-50 to 1951-52 1951-52 to 1953-54 1939-40 to 1953-54 • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total enroll¬ ment _ 25,434 25, 111 26, 563 28, 836 -1.3 +5.8 +8.6 +13.4 Total kinder¬ garten through grade 8 _ 18,832 19, 405 20, 681 22, 546 +3.0 +6.6 +9.0 +19.7 Kindergarten _ 595 1,034 1, 272 1,474 +73.8 +23.0 +15.9 +147. 7 First grade _ 3, 018 3, 170 2,957 3,666 +5.0 -6.7 +24.0 +21.5 Second grade _ 2,333 2, 645 2, 670 2,940 +13.4 +0.9 +10.1 +26.0 Third grade _ 2, 332 2, 396 2, 718 2,569 +2.7 +13.4 -5.5 +10.2 Fourth grade _ 2, 322 2, 254 2, 559 2, 565 -2.9 +13.5 +0.2 +10.5 Fifth grade _ 2,248 2, 151 2, 320 2, 607 -4.3 +7.9 +12.4 +16.0 Sixth grade _ 2,176 2, 056 2,166 2,449 -5.5 +5.4 +13.1 +12.5 Seventh grade _ 2, 108 1,947 2, 083 2,242 -7.6 +7.0 +7.6 +6.4 Eighth grade _ 1,701 1,752 1,936 2, 032 +3.0 +10.5 +5.0 +19.5 Total grades 9 through 12 and post¬ graduate... 6, 601 5, 707 5,882 6, 290 -13.5 +3.1 +6.9 -4.7 First year _ 2, 011 1, 756 1, 820 1,944 -12.7 +3.6 +6.8 -3.3 Second year _ 1,767 1,512 1,582 1, 717 -14.4 +4.6 +8.5 -2.8 Third year _ _ . 1,486 1,274 1,338 1,412 -14.3 +5.0 +5.5 -5.0 Fourth year _ 1,282 1,123 1,111 1, 190 -12.4 -1.1 +7.1 -7.2 Postgraduate _ 55 42 31 27 -23.6 -26.2 -12.9 -50.9 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Enrollment in Grades 9-12 and Postgraduate The enormous increase in the number of pupils enrolled in the last 4 years of the public high schools represents one of the major developments in the growth of the public-school system. While the population of high school age (14-17 years) increased 66 percent from 1889-90 to 1953-54, enrollments in grades 9-12 (plus postgraduates) multiplied more than thirty fold (table 1). The peak high -school enrollment (grades 9-12 and postgraduate) of 6,714,000 was reached in 1940-41, and then declined to a low of 5,554,000 in 1943-44 (table D). Since then the trend has been generally upward. The enrollment of 6,290,000 in 1953-54 represents a postwar high, but is still more than 400,000 under the record number in 1940-41. The greatly increased birthrate since the war will be reflected in much greater high school enrollments in the second half of the present decade. There is also a continuing tendency for a greater percentage of children of high -school age to attend high school. Table D. — Enrollment of boys and girls in grades 9 to 12 1 in public day schools , and percent change in enrollment between selected years: Continental United States , 1909-10 to 1953-54 Year Enrollment, grades 9 to 12 (thousands) Percent distribution Percent change from previous year’s total Total Boys Girls Boys Girls < 2 3 4 5 6 7 1909-10 _ _ 915 398 517 43.6 56.4 1919-20 _ 2,200 992 1,208 45.1 54.9 +140.4 1929-30 _ 4, 399 2,115 2,284 48.1 51.9 +99.9 1931-32 _ 5,140 2, 531 2, 609 49.2 50.8 +16.8 1933-34 _ 5,669 2,802 2,867 49.4 50.6 +10.3 1935-36 _ 5, 975 2,949 3, 026 49.4 50.6 +5.4 1937-38 _ 6, 227 3, 033 3,194 48.7 51.3 +4.2 1939-40 _ 6,601 3, 251 3, 350 49.2 50.8 +6.0 1940-41 _ 6, 714 3, 274 3, 440 48.8 51.2 +1.7 1941-42 _ 6, 388 3, 090 3,298 48.4 51.6 -4.9 1942-43 _ 6, 122 2, 892 3,230 47.2 52.8 -4.2 1943-44 _ 5, 554 2, 554 3,000 46.0 54.0 -9.3 1944-45 _ 5, 560 2, 566 2,994 46.1 53.9 +0.1 1945-46 _ 5,622 2,633 2,989 46.8 53.2 +1.1 1946-47 _ 5,838 2,823 3, 015 48.4 51.6 +3.8 1947-48 _ 5, 653 2, 747 2, 906 48.6 51.4 -3.2 1948-49 _ 5, 658 2,759 2, 899 48.8 51.2 +• 1 1949-50 _ 5,707 2,812 2,895 49.3 50.7 +.9 1950-51 _ 5,806 2, 846 2,960 49.0 51.0 +1.7 1951-52 _ 5,882 2,885 2,997 49.0 51.0 +1.3 1953-54 6, 290 +6.9 1 Includes postgraduate. In the case of 11-year school systems, the grades included are those of the 8th , 9th, 10th, and 11th years. Average Daily Attendance Basic data, by State, for analyzing the relationships between total enrollment and average daily attendance, aggregate days’ attendance, membership, and length of school term are provided in tables 17, 18, and 19. These relationships show in quantitative terms the availability STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 and use of school opportunities, and give rough measures of the holding power of the schools. The proportion of enrolled pupils attending daily reached 85 percent in 1933-34 and continued at about that level (with minor fluctuations) through World War II. Except for a small decline during the Korean conflict, the percentage has increased steadily since World War II, reaching a peak of 88.9 in 1953-54 (table B). There has been a steady trend in the direction of longer school terms. This is illustrated by the fact that the average length of the school term has increased from 132 days in 1869-70, to 173 days in 1929-30, and 179 days in 1953-54. In 1953-54 there was only one State with an average length of school term of less than 170 days, as contrasted with 11 States in that category 10 years earlier. There has also been a con¬ tinuing trend toward a greater number of days attended by each pupil enrolled. During the 10-year period from 1943-44 to 1953-54, the average number of days attended increased from 148 to 159, an all-time high. Ratio of Pupils to Instructional Staff A historical table giving the number of pupils in average daily attend¬ ance per member of instructional staff (including classroom teachers, librarians, and guidance and psychological personnel but excluding supervisors and principals), by State, was published in earlier biennial surveys. However, so-called "pupil-teacher ratios” have not been shown either in the 1951-52 or in the present report. It has been observed that national averages and even averages on a statewide basis tend to obscure the significant differences in pupil-teacher ratios, such as those between urban and rural areas, between large and small schools, and between elementary and secondary schools. Over the years there has been little change nationally in the pupil-teacher ratio. Based on average daily attendance, the ratio was 25.2 in 1929-30, 25.2 in 1939-40, 24.4 in 1949-50, and 24.6 in 1953-54. Based on enrollment, the pupil-teacher ratio was 30.1 in 1929-30, 29.1 in 1939-40, 27.5 in 1949-50, and 27.7 in 1953-54. As has been explained earlier in this chapter, separate data on class¬ room teachers, as distinguished from the nonsupervisory instructional staff, have only become available beginning with the 1953-54 survey. It is now possible to give a true pupil -teacher ratio in addition to the historical ratios covering the larger category of nonsupervisory instructional staff already shown above. In 1953-54 the number of pupils in average daily attendance per classroom teacher was 24.8 and the number of pupils enrolled per classroom teacher was 27.9. It is generally known that the pupil-teacher ratio is higher in elementary schools than in high schools. The extent of this difference cannot readily be determined from the data available in this chapter because pupils are 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 classified by grade group while teachers are classified by organizational level. For example, pupils in the seventh grade of a junior high school are shown in the kindergarten through grade 8 group, but their teachers are generally considered as members of the secondary group. Public High School Graduates The steady growth from year to year in the number of public high school graduates reached a peak of 1,161,000 in 1941-42. The number fell to less than a million both in 1943-44 and 1945-46. Since World War II the number of graduates has fluctuated irregularly, but the long- range trend is upward. In 1953-54 there were 1,190,000 pupils enrolled in the last year of high school, of whom 1,129,000, or 94.9 percent, were graduated (table 13). In 1943-44, 94.4 percent were graduated. The number of graduates in 1953-54 represented 63.4 percent of the enrollment of the class entering the ninth grade in 1950-51, compared with 57.9 percent graduating in 1939-40. These percentages attest to the slowly increasing holding power of public high schools. One-Teacher Schools The one -teacher school still constitutes a significant part of American rural education. In 1931-32, there were 143,000 one-teacher schools in this country (table 7). In subsequent years, however, the number declined rapidly, reaching 96,000 in 1943-44, 60,000 in 1949-50, and 43,000 in 1953-54. Thus, in a little more than two decades, more than two-thirds of the one-teacher schools have disappeared from the American scene. Of the total number of schools of this type in 1953-54, 64 percent were located in the North Central region. In that region of numerous small school districts, one teacher in eleven still taught in a one-teacher school. Thirty -two States submitted information on the number of grades in their one-teacher schools. The number of such schools with five or more grades far exceeded those with four or fewer grades. National School-Lunch Program In June 1946, the 79th Congress passed Public Law 396, generally known as the National School Lunch Act, which provided for cash grants and for the allocation of surplus commodities for school -lunch purposes by the Department of Agriculture through State educational agencies. Additional commodities are made available under the provisions of sec- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 tion 32 of Public Law 320, 74th Congress, which authorize the purchase and distribution of foods under surplus removal programs as one method of encouraging consumption of agricultural commodities. Federal assist¬ ance to school-lunch programs had been initiated in 1935 on a limited hasis as one method of providing a market for surplus agricultural commodities. In 1953-54, a total of $153 million in the form of cash and value of com¬ modities was contributed by the Federal Government for the operation of the school-lunch program in public schools. All States have provided staffs for the supervision of this program. In 1953-54 the average number of pupils served lunch per day in the school -lunch program was 8.8 million (table 21). A total of 53,600 public schools participated in this program for 6 or more months during the year. Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Education Every year the American people invest huge sums of money for the operation of public elementary and secondary schools. In the 1953-54 school year alone, total expenditures for all purposes amounted to $9.1 billion. A major problem of all levels of government and the general public is that of raising the money to pay the higher costs of public education re¬ quired by expanding enrollments and the need for new school buildings. An analysis of public-school finances for the school year 1953-54, including comparisons for earlier years, shows where the money comes from and how it is spent. In any historical review of school finances allowance must be made for the depreciation in the value of the dollar. Thus, the dollar in 1954 bought only slightly more than half the commodities and services that could be purchased for a dollar in 1939. Only in tables 1 and 30 are any expenditure data presented in both current and " adjusted” dollars. They do, however, indicate the nature of the problem of making financial figures over a period of years more meaningful. In addition to increased school enrollments and the inflation of the dollar, a number of other factors have contributed to higher school ex¬ penditures over the years. These are (1) schools are in session for longer terms; (2) teachers are receiving higher salaries; and (3) the educational program has been expanded to include many additional subjects and services. Receipts School income is classified into two broad categories: revenue and nonrevenue receipts. Revenue receipts, which constitute the major portion of school income, are additions to assets which do not increase the 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 school indebtedness and do not represent exchanges of school property for money. They are derived more or less regularly from specific sources, such as appropriations from general funds of Federal, State, county, and local governments, receipts from taxes levied for school purposes, income from permanent funds and endowments, income from leases of school lands, and such miscellaneous sources as tuition, interest on bank deposits, and gifts. Receipts from appropriations and taxation, including Federal contributions constituted 95.1 percent of all revenue receipts during the 1953-54 school year. Revenue receipts have shown a steady upward trend since World War II; in 1953-54, total revenue receipts amounted to $7.9 billion as compared with $6.4 billion in 1951-52 (table E). However, the rate of increase declined for several years but started to rise again in the latest biennium. Table E. — Revenue receipts , public elementary and secondary school systems , by governmental source: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1953-54 Source 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 Amount (thou¬ sands) Percent Amount (thou¬ sands) Percent Amount (thou¬ sands) Percent Amount (thou¬ sands) Percent i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total . . $2, 088, 557 100.0 92,260,527 100.0 92,416, 580 100.0 92, 604, 322 100.0 Federal _ 7, 334 0.4 39, 810 1.7 34, 305 1.4 35, 886 1.4 State _ 353, 670 16.9 684, 354 30.3 759, 993 31.5 859, 183 33.0 Intermediate (county, etc.) . . . . 216, 747 10.4 151, 097 6.7 150,223 6.2 146, 243 5.6 Local and other 1 _ 1, 510, 806 72.3 1, 385, 266 61.3 1,472, 058 60.9 1, 563, 010 60.0 1947-48 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 Amount Amount Amount Amount '(thou¬ Percent (thou¬ Percent (thou¬ Percent (thou¬ Percent sands) sands) sands) sands) 10 11 11 13 14 15 16 17 Total _ $4, 311, 534 100.0 95,437, 044 100.0 96,423,816 100.0 $7, 866,852 100.0 Federal. _ _ 120, 270 2.8 155, 848 2.9 227, 711 3.5 355, 237 4.5 State _ ... _ 1,676,362 38.9 2, 165, 689 39.8 2, 478, 596 38.6 2, 944, 103 37.4 Intermediate (county, etc.) _ 229, 761 5.3 328, 849 6.0 386, 812 6.0 240, 733 3.1 Local and other 1 _ 2, 285, 141 53.0 2, 786, 618 51.3 3,329,609 51.8 1 4, 326, 779 55.0 1 Other receipts, which include gifts and tuition and transportation fees from patrons, accounted for 0.3 of 1 percent of total revenue receipts in 1953-54. Over the years a considerable shift has taken place in the sources of public revenue, of which school revenue represents only one part. The tax on real property, generally levied by local governmental units, was the major tax source for school purposes in the past. In recent years, however, a marked trend has been noted toward the utilization of Federal STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 and State governments as taxing agencies because they can effectively tax other major sources of wealth. Such taxes include corporate and individual income taxes and inheritance taxes at the Federal level, and income taxes, sales taxes, and gasoline taxes at the State level. With the shift of national wealth to sources other than real property, State and Federal taxes constitute a larger part of the revenue dollar, and county and local taxes proportionately less. Receipts from local sources, however, although a decreasing proportion of the total, still accounted for 55 percent of total revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary school systems in 1953-54 (table 24). Ten years earlier local receipts constituted 60 percent. Receipts from the Federal Government, although an increasing proportion of the total, play a relatively minor role, con¬ stituting 4.5 percent of the total in 1953-54. It should be noted that Federal support of education has been designated for specific purposes such as aid to federally affected areas, vocational education, and the school-lunch program, and not for general aid. The percent of revenue receipts derived from State sources increased from 33 percent in 1943-44 to 37.4 percent in 1953-54 (table E). In the latter year, the extent of State support by regions varied from 27.9 percent in the North Central region to 52.5 percent in the South. Receipts of intermediate administrative units, generally counties, which accounted for more than 10 percent of total revenue receipts in 1929-30, leveled off at about 6 percent during the 10 -year period preceding the current biennium. In 1953-54, the percentage dropped to 3.1, principally as a result of a reclassification of receipts of county -operated schools. Such receipts had formerly been classified with intermediate administrative units rather than with local administrative units. Receipts from other revenue sources, including gifts and tuition and transportation fees from patrons, amounted to a little more than $20 million, or 0.3 of 1 percent of total revenue receipts (table 23). Nonrevenue receipts are those receipts which either incur a future obligation or change the form of an asset from property to cash and therefore decrease the amount and value of school property. Money received from loans, sale of bonds, sale of property purchased from capital funds, and proceeds from insurance adjustments constitute most of the nonrevenue receipts. Since nonrevenue receipts are generally used for capital outlay purposes, such receipts have fluctuated with the amount of school building activity. After reaching a low of $94.8 million in 1943-44, reflecting the curtailment of the school building program during the war, nonrevenue receipts rose markedly during the postwar period and reached a peak of $1.8 billion in 1953-54. The increase is expected to continue for a number of years until the supply of schoolhousing is more in balance with demand. Balances on hand which are carried over from the previous year and 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 are therefore available for spending during the current year constitute an important part of total school revenues. In 1953-54, beginning bal¬ ances amounted to $2.1 billion, or approximately 18 percent of the total amount of $11.8 billion available for spending (table F). In most cases, such balances are earmarked for specific purposes. For the 34 States reporting balances by purpose, 41 percent of the balances carried over were for current operation, 51 percent for building reserves, and 8 percent for serial bond interest and redemption (table 25). Table F. — Revenue receipts , nonrevenue receipts , and beginning balances , public elementary and secondary school systems: Continental United States , 1951-52 and 1953-54 [Amounts in thousands of dollars] Item 1951-52 1953-54 Percent increase 1951-52 to 1953-54 > 2 3 4 Total amount available _ 9, 368, 270 11,825, 192 +26.2 Revenue receipts. .. _ _ _ _ 6,423,816 7, 866, 852 +22.5 From taxation and appropriations (including Federal) - From all other sources _ _ _ - _ _ - 6, 140, 779 283,037 7, 481, 783 385, 069 +21.8 +36.0 Nonrevenue receipts (bond sales, loans, etc.) 1, 213, 068 1, 824,004 +50.4 Balances on hand, beginning of year . . . 1,731,386 2,134,336 +23.3 Total Expenditures A grand total of $9.1 billion was spent in 1953-54 for public elementary and secondary schools, an increase of 23.8 percent over the $7.3 billion spent in 1951-52. Included in the grand total are current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools, current expenditures for summer schools, community colleges, and adult education, and also interest and capital outlay (table 26). A breakdown of the total into its component parts, for selected years, is given in table G. Current Expenditures for Public Elementary and Sec¬ ondary Schools Current expenditures, which represent the day -by -day spending for public elementary and secondary schools, amounted to $6.8 billion in 1953-54, or 74.7 percent of all expenditures. Ten years earlier the pro¬ portion exceeded 90 percent because of the lesser proportion that capital outlay was of the total during World War II (table G). STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 Table G. — Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education , by purpose: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1953-54 Purpose 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS Total expenditures, all schools _ _ _ 2,316, 791 2, 344, 049 2, 322, 697 2, 452, 581 5, 837, 642 7, 344, 237 9,092, 449 Total current expenditures, all schools. 1, 853, 377 1, 955, 166 2, 076, 364 2, 301, 920 4, 722, 888 5, 752, 595 6, 883, 387 Total current expenditures for public elementary and sec- ondary schools _ . 1, 843, 552 1, 941, 799 2, 067, 660 2, 293, 337 4, 687, 274 5, 722, 162 6, 790, 923 Administration _ 78,680 91, 571 101, 463 110, 631 220, 050 265, 636 310, 995 Instruction.. . _ 1,317, 727 1, 403, 285 1, 457, 877 1, 590, 634 3, 112, 340 3, 781, 837 4, 552, 349 Plant operation _ 216, 072 194, 365 209, 788 238, 774 427, 587 508, 575 622, 671 Plant maintenance _ _ 78, 810 73, 321 78, 862 77, 324 214, 164 248, 674 284,871 Fixed charges _ 50, 270 50,116 80, 719 106, 452 261, 469 341, 601 446, 252 Other school services 1 _ 101, 993 129, 141 138, 951 169, 523 451, 663 575, 839 573, 785 Current expenditures for sum- mer schools. - - (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1,690 Current expenditures for adult education 2 . . 9,825 13, 367 8,704 8,583 35, 614 30, 432 42, 033 Current expenditures for com¬ (2) munity colleges. . . (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 23, 363 Current expenditures for com¬ munity services _ 0) 0) 0) (0 0) 0) 25, 378 Capital outlay - - 370, 878 257, 974 137, 552 53, 856 1, 014, 176 1, 477, 332 2, 055, 178 Interest _ 92, 536 130, 909 108, 781 96, 805 100, 578 114, 310 153, 884 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total expenditures, all schools.. _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total current expenditures, all schools . 80.0 83.4 89.4 93.9 80.9 78.3 75.7 Total current expenditures for public elementary and second¬ ary schools _ . ... . . ... 79.6 82.8 89.0 93.5 80.3 77.9 74.7 Administration. .. . - 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.4 Instruction _ _ _ 56.9 59.9 62.8 64.9 53.3 51.5 50.1 Plant operation. _ 9.3 8.3 9.0 9.7 7.3 6.9 6.8 Plant maintenance. . . . . 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.1 Fixed charges _ _ 2.2 2.1 3.5 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 Other school services * _ 4.4 5.5 6.0 6.9 7.7 7.8 6.3 Current expenditures for sum¬ mer schools. _ (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) Current expenditures for adult education 2 _ . . . ... .4 .6 .4 .3 .6 .4 .5 Current expenditures for com¬ munity colleges. _ (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) .3 Current expenditures for com¬ (0 munity services - - 0) 0) 0) (0 0) .3 Capital outlay _ _ ... . .. 16.0 11.0 5.9 2.2 17.4 20.1 22.6 Interest _ _ 4.0 5.6 4.7 3.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 1 Prior to 1953-54, items included under “other school services” were listed under “auxiliary services,” a more comprehensive classification which also included community services. 2 Prior to 1953-54, data shown for adult education represent combined expenditures for adult education, summer schools, and community colleges. 2 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. Note. — Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 While expenditures for the six major accounts into which current expenditures are classified have shown increases in dollar amounts, the relative proportion of each account has been changing in recent years. The proportion of expenditures for administration or general control at the State, intermediate, and local levels has declined from 4.5 percent of total expenditures in 1943-44 to 3.4 percent in 1953-54 (table 26). The total cost of instruction includes not only salaries, which represent the largest single item of educational cost, but also free textbooks, teaching supplies, school library books, and other instructional supplies and expenses. Instruction expenditures declined proportionately from 64.9 percent in 1943-44 to 50.1 percent in 1953-54. The relative expend¬ iture for plant operation, which includes salaries of janitors, fuel, water, power, supplies, etc., has declined to a level of a little less than 7 percent in 1953-54. The proportion of current expenditure for plant maintenance and repairs has shown little change over the years. In 1953-54 it consti¬ tuted 3.1 percent of the total. The decline in the relative importance of the accounts referred to above has been offset by the growth of spending for other school services, including such items as health services, school lunches, and pupil trans¬ portation, and for community services. These services are becoming of increasing significance as a result of expanding concepts of the role of the school. Other school services accounted for 6.3 percent of total expend¬ itures in 1953-54, and community services for 0.3 of 1 percent. Likewise, the proportion of expenditures for fixed charges (State, intermediate, and local payments to teacher retirement funds, insurance premiums, and rent) has more than doubled since 1929-30, with most of the increase taking place up to 1943-44. In 1953-54, fixed charges represented 4.9 percent of total expenditures. Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff Beginning with the year 1919-20 the Office of Education has collected data on salaries of total instructional staff (supervisors, principals, teachers, librarians, and guidance and psychological personnel). Salary information for prior years is available for teachers only. Average annual salaries of instructional staff members have been obtained by dividing total expenditures for salaries by the number of such personnel. With the exception of several depression years in the middle 1930’s, average salaries of the instructional staff have increased steadily. When expressed in terms of 1953-54 dollars, however, the increases are not quite as large as they appear (table 30). For example, the average annual salary for the continental United States in unadjusted (current) dollars rose from $1,441 in 1939-40 to $3,825 in 1953-54, an increase of 165 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 percent. When expressed in terms of 1953-54 dollars the increase between 1939-40 and 1953-54 was only 38 percent. During the same 14-year period, the personal income per member of the labor force 3 in adjusted dollars increased 62 percent. The differences among the States are great. A State -by -State analysis of instructional staff salaries in 1953-54 reveals that in 1 State the average salary was less than $2,000, in 12 States be¬ tween $2,000 and $3,000, in 20 States between $3,000 and $4,000, and in 15 States the average was over $4,000. Annual Current Expenditure Per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance While overall figures on current expenditures indicate general trends, it is only when such expenditures are related to the school population that these unit costs are brought into sharp relief on a State-by -State basis. The annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools (derived by dividing total current expenditures by the number of pupils in average daily attendance) increased threefold, from $88.09 in 1939-40 to $264.76 in 1953-54 (table 39). During the same 14-year period, the national in¬ come 4 per pupil in average daily attendance rose 3. 4 times. The 1939-40 range in per pupil expenditures, by State, was from $30.72 to $156.86 (or more than five times as great in the highest as in the lowest State). Four¬ teen years later the gap between the lowest and highest States, although still wide, had narrowed considerably. The highest State, with an average annual expenditure of $361.99 was almost three times as great as the lowest State, which had an expenditure of $122.60. It should be noted that State averages give little indication of the range of expenditures among school districts within States. Perhaps the principal value of per pupil expenditure comparisons is to call attention to differences among States in order to invite further study. Expenditures for Pupil Transportation The transportation of pupils by public-school systems has become increasingly important with the advent of consolidation of small, widely scattered school districts. In 1953-54, 8.4 million public -school pupils were transported at public expense, or about a third of the pupils attend¬ ing daily (table 21). On a State-by -State basis, the proportion of the number of pupils in average daily attendance who were transported ranged from 17 percent in California to 53 percent in Virginia. Expendi¬ tures for this purpose, which includes operation and maintenance but not 3 For definition of personal income and labor force, see p. 119. 4 For definition of national income, see p- 1 19. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 the purchase of new school buses, amounted to $307 million, or 4.5 percent of total current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools. In six States, this item accounted for 8 or more percent of total current expenditures. The average cost per pupil transported was $36.55 in 1953-54; the range in State costs was from $16 to $87. Further increases in the number of pupils transported are inevitable as small schools, which still exist in large numbers, are replaced by centrally located schools and as transportation service is extended. Capital Outlay Capital outlay (expenditures for sites, buildings, and new equipment) generally fluctuates much more widely than current expenditures. Fol¬ lowing World War I there was a period of accelerated school construction activity which culminated in 1925-26 when expenditures for this purpose amounted to $411 million, or about one-fifth of total expenditures. Thereafter, capital outlay expenditures declined until they reached a low of $59 million (2.9 percent of total expenditures) in the depression year of 1933-34. An upturn in the second half of the decade was cut short by the outbreak of World War II; capital outlay fell to a new low of $54 million in 1943-44 (2.2 percent of total expenditures). Since the end of the war, capital outlay expenditures have shown a steady increase, reaching a peak of almost $2.1 billion in 1953-54 (table 34). Expendi¬ tures for capital outlay accounted for almost 23 percent of total expendi¬ tures. When related to the number of pupils in average daily attendance, the annual expenditure per pupil was $80.14. For individual States, the per pupil expenditure varied from $10.70 to $182.69. However, a State-by-State comparison for any one year is not truly indicative of relative effort to provide school-plant facilities inasmuch as a capital outlay program in any State may extend over several consecutive years. The upward trend in expenditures for school construction is expected to continue for a number of years in view of the need to provide for increased enrollments and for the replacement of unsafe and obsolete structures. Interest Interest payments, covering both long- and short-term public-school debt, declined from a total of $140 million in 1931-32 to $76 million in 1947-48. The drop in interest payments reflected the low interest rates prevailing during that period, the low level of borrowing for capital expenditures, and the small amount of outstanding debt. Since 1947-48, interest payments have doubled, reaching a level of $154 million in 1953- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 54 (table 36). The average annual interest payment per pupil in average daily attendance during the year was $6 (table 38). In view of the current and anticipated increase in school construction and in long-term financing, this item of expenditure is expected to constitute a larger proportion of school expenditures. School Indebtedness School indebtedness (bonds and long-term loans) has, in general, fluctuated with the amount of school construction activity over the years. Thus, reflecting a decline in capital outlay during the 1930’s and the period of World Wai II, school indebtedness outstanding at the end of the year dropped from $3.1 billion in 1931-32 to $2.1 billion in 1945-46. With the upswing in school construction during the postwar period, school indebtedness rose to $2.6 billion in 1947-48 and to $3.3 billion in 1949-50. In the 4-year period which followed, indebtedness more than doubled, reaching an estimated total of $6.9 billion in 1953-54 (table 37). The total amount of indebtedness for the continental United States includes an estimate for the few States which were unable to report such data. In some States all debt is handled by cities or towns, rather than by separate school districts. This increases the difficulties in obtaining accurate and comparable data. Public Elementary and Secondary Schools for Negroes During the 1953-54 school year, separate public elementary and second¬ ary schools for Negro pupils were maintained in the 16 States and the District of Columbia which comprise the Souths and in Missouri (these 17 States and the District are henceforth referred to, in the aggregate, as the "Southern States”). These States reported to the Office of Educa¬ tion on schools for Negroes only, in addition to furnishing reports for the total school system. Some de facto segregated schools for Negroes also existed in a few additional States where segregation of Negro pupils was not uniformly or systematically practiced. However, data for segregated schools of this latter type were not collected by the Office of Education and, therefore, are not included in this report. Although the same report form is used to obtain data for both the State as a whole and for the Negro schools, a number of the items request¬ ed were not obtainable for the Negro schools because of the methods of keeping records in the various States. Whereas all of the 17 States and 5 See p. 118 for names of States comprising the South. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 the District of Columbia maintained separate records for Negro pupils and Negro instructional personnel, only 10 States and the District of Columbia reported any financial data for Negro schools. Negro Total Population and School-Age Population Because Negro population estimates for intercensal years by State are not available, trends of the Negro population in the Southern States can only be shown from one decennial census to another. According to the Bureau of the Census, there were 15,042,286 Negroes in the continental United States in 1950. Of this number, 10,522,495, or 70 percent, were living in the Southern States. In these States, the Negro population constituted 20.6 percent of the total population. Although the number of Negroes in the South has been increasing, the rate of growth has been lower than that for Negroes in the rest of the United States. Between 1940 and 1950, the Negro population in the Southern States increased 3.7 percent, as compared with an increase of 66.4 percent for Negroes living in other parts of the United States. During the decade a number of States in the South actually lost Negro population. There were 2,805,917 nonwhite 6 school-age children (aged 5-17) in the Southern States in 1950 (table 40). In these States the Negro school-age population constituted about 24 percent of the total school-age population. The proportion for individual States varied from a low of 5.9 percent to a high of 50.9 percent. In line with the trend for the Nation as a whole, the proportion that the Negro school-age population is of the total Negro population has been declining in the Southern States; the Negro school-age population constituted 26 percent of the total Negro population in 1950 as compared with 27.5 percent in 1940 and 32 percent in 1920. Enrollment in Negro Elementary and Secondary Schools In 1953-54, almost 2.6 million Negro pupils were enrolled in the sepa¬ rate public elementary and secondary schools in the Southern States, as compared with 2.5 million in 1951-52 and 2.4 million in 1949-50. The Negro enrollment of approximately 2.6 million (which represented 23.5 percent of the total enrollment in the Southern States) consisted of almost 2.2 million pupils in kindergarten and grades 1 through 8, and more than 400 thousand in grades 9 through 12, including postgraduates. A major development in the growth of Negro education in the South # Data are not available on the number of Negro children; however, for the Southern States, the Negro population is practically synonymous with the nonwhite population. With the exception of 2 States, 99 percent of the total nonwhite population was Negro. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 is the tremendous increase in enrollment in the last 4 years of the public- school system. From 1919-20 to 1953-54, the proportion that enroll¬ ment in this grade group constituted of total enrollment in separate schools for Negroes increased tenfold (from 1.6 to 16.2 percent), while the proportion for the country as a whole doubled (from 10.2 to 21.8 percent). Attendance and Length of School Term The proportion of enrolled pupils in average daily attendance in Negro schools reached a peak of 85.3 percent in 1949-50 and has been relatively stable in the ensuing years. The percentage for 1953-54 was 85.1. In the latter year, the comparable percentage for white schools was 88.4. The average length of school term in Negro schools increased from 156 days in 1939-40 to 177 days in 1953-54 (table 46). For most of the States only slight differences in the length of school term existed between white and Negro schools. Public High-School Graduates Accompanying the increasing proportion of high-school enrollment in Negro schools is an increase in high-school graduates. In 1953-54, 61,104 pupils were graduated from Negro high schools (table 41), an increase of 22.6 percent over the number in 1951-52. Instructional Staff The instructional staff in Negro elementary and secondary schools increased more than 24 percent from 1943-44 to 1953-54. The distribu¬ tion of the Negro instructional staff by level for 1953-54 is shown in table 42. The total instructional staff of 82,698 consisted of 488 super¬ visors, 3,453 principals, and 78,757 teachers, librarians, and other in¬ structional personnel. Four States reported no Negro supervisors and in the other 14 States the proportion of supervisors in the Negro schools was lower than that in the white schools. Approximately 7 out of 10 of the Negro classroom teachers were em¬ ployed in elementary schools. The percentage of elementary teachers in one-teacher schools in the South was 7.3 for Negro schools as compared with 4.1 for white schools. Finances It is difficult to obtain financial data for Negro schools separately from the school system as a whole because most of the States which operated segregated schools in 1953-54 did not maintain complete financial records 399804 O — 57 - 3 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 for Negro schools. However, two types of financial data are available for a limited number of States, which show the trend in expenditures in Negro schools. These are average salaries of instructional staff and total expenditures for instruction per pupil in average daily attendance. The Southern States have made tremendous progress in raising the level of salaries paid the instructional staff in Negro schools. Between 1943-44 and 1953-54 the average annual salary of the Negro instruc¬ tional staff, for a group of eight States which reported for both years, more than tripled — increasing from $930 to $2,861. However, when the salaries are adjusted to reflect the purchasing power of 1953-54 dollars, the increase, though sizable, was not so large (99 percent). The gap between the average salaries paid in Negro and in white schools appears to be narrowing. In fact, in three of the eight Southern States for which data are available, the average salaries of the Negro instructional staff exceeded those of the white group (table 48). Total current expenditures for instruction in 1953-54 are also available for seven Southern States and the District of Columbia (table 47). While the expenditure for instruction per Negro pupil in average daily attend¬ ance has risen sharply in recent years, most of the States reporting still spent more per pupil for their white schools than for their Negro schools Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Enrollment in Catholic schools generally accounts for about 90 percent of the total enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools. Table 50 gives the number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils under Catholic auspices in 1953-54, as reported by the National Catholic Wel¬ fare Conference. Table 49 gives the estimated number of instructional staff and pupils in all nonpublic (denominational and nonsectarian) schools. The estimates in table 49 were based on: (a) Data furnished by State departments of education (which were often incomplete in several respects), and (6) the data on Catholic schools given in table 50. In the preparation of estimates, reference was made to two comprehensive earlier studies from the Biennial Survey of Education for 1946-48 and 1940-42 , respectively: viz. Statistics of Nonpublic Secondary Schools, 1947-48, and Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1940-41. The latter represents the latest complete survey of both elementary and secondary nonpublic schools undertaken by the Office of Education. Table H gives historical data on teachers and pupils in nonpublic schools, by level, from 1931-32 to 1953-54. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 Table H.-— Nonpublic ( denominational and nonsectarian ) schools: Estimated number of instructional staff and enrollment , by level: Continental United States , 1931-32 to 1953-54 Year 1 Instructional staff Pupils enrolled Total Elementary Secondary Total Elementary Secondary i 2 3 4 5 6 7 1931-32 _ _ - 91,323 66, 270 25,053 2, 723, 666 2, 320, 251 403, 415 1933-34 _ 72, 192 51, 475 20, 717 2, 691, 033 2, 330, 941 360, 092 1935-36 _ 91,493 66,254 25, 239 2, 638, 775 2, 251, 466 387,309 1937-38 . . . 95, 103 67, 139 27, 964 2, 687, 483 2, 240,650 446,833 1939-40 _ _ 94, 977 61,800 30, 130 2, 611,047 2, 153, 279 457, 768 1941-42 . . . . . 97, 191 65, 512 31, 679 2, 616, 529 2, 133, 334 483, 195 1945-46.. _ _ 100,865 64, 495 36, 370 2, 824, 500 2, 259, 392 565, 108 1947-48 _ _ _ 108, 998 67, 430 41,568 3, 053, 914 2,451,430 602, 484 1949-50 _ 113, 264 73, 048 40, 215 3, 288, 426 2, 662, 920 625,506 1951-52 . . . . 124, 055 82,354 41, 701 3, 809, 364 3, 153, 548 655, 816 1953-54 _ _ _ 134, 074 84, 951 49, 123 4, 339, 163 3, 591, 840 747, 323 i Statistics not available for 1943-44. Table 1. — Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: 1869-70 to 1953-54 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 1953-54 C* 158, 320 34, 540 21.8 28, 836 22, 546 _ 6,290 18.2 83.5 21.8 1,129 25, 644 4, 581,240 88.9 178.6 158.9 1,098 10 46 1,042 • 256 « 786 6 24. 6 1951-52 s 153, 383 31, 379 20.5 26, 563 20, 681 5,882 17.3 84.7 22.1 1,056 23, 257 4’143sfe 178.2 156.0 1,012 10 40 963 235 728 24.4 1949-50 o 151,240 30, 788 20.4 25,111 19, 405 5, 707 16.6 81.6 22.7 1,063 22, 284 3, 964, 354 88.7 177.9 157.9 962 9 39 914 195 719 21.3 1939-40 131,892 29, 805 22.6 25, 434 18, 833 6, 601 19.3 85.3 26.0 1,143 22, 042 3.85M12 175.0 151.7 912 5 32 875 195 681 22.2 1929-30 QO 122, 775 31,571 25.7 25, 678 21,279 4,399 05M -hNjO JOOOt- OON-; CO © CO <© © >-H t$ fc 5 i . . i SB H Si g ii r 6 SS is sg: si s a si || : H&hPh Eh STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 7 Because of a modification of the scope of “current expenditures for day schools,” 12 Per day rates derived by dividing annual rates by average length of term, data for 1953-54 not entirely comparable with data for prior years. ' NoTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 439 | 296 | 63 | 79 , 1 i 2,883 , 216 i 634 . 453 , 1, 243 i 53 i 28 i 256 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS whhh i e* « CO 05 CD ^ CO ' ! 3 S 2§ © < I I ■ <00 .lOC^eoc^TfOC&ooc^iot^eoT**©''* >^N«OhO^ nSS2^nw^co‘°°5 > *o C* t'- *C iO t>- 00 i ^ 00 2 cS 2 §5 2 ^ O ^ CO CO 1 05 C^l 00 ■*< ^ < hhhh CO CO 05 »0 CO « iH Oi fH C I 3.0 « g !■§ o ® a-SSSSSS^SSSSSSS 2822S32222i itCaOf^tO^^OOtg^ ®-C * cs *.9 O n S’H £j 9 Ss 5 m 2 "35 ’ £a c-il £<§ I O <3 co^ to __ — £5 -2 2 ’>>•£•5 -5 ^ c S2-SL |-£'3°2Sg3|S||g£.gJ c ca«5 ■ c3TJ^ g SSS^HgteS-S-SS tfl-SSO » « £2 * ££ 3® 0 29 Table 3. — Intermediate administrative units: number of units , board members , and staff, by State: 1953-54 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 a* r\ ^ w ^ M 5 /-v ^ O « u c C a ’E sg S cs ag sag W W tJO CO o S > 2 •a S5 III s-aai a ° 1 O*ao | > a 3 bo “.9 o ’> ■B” P P o o cn P I«g W — -S CO ® S’gSs 0.2 0X5 e-i « Su Assist¬ ant or deputy super¬ intend¬ ents and other adminis¬ trative staff CD 1 ao i i i i i i i i i wohnnh ! co ^ ! o 00 *-h 00 00 CS 1 rt« I »-• 1 1 i-H ! co *o • 00 cs is «D »CNOONCO^ o »c CO ^ o CSQOi*OCO*OTfC3-~ o % i STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 O 1 2 1 BO c liUsil .iifsgffig: S«ooSSo^ T3 'O . a ci g® £ £ S3 £ cJ hC Table 4. — Board members and staff of local basic administrative units ( school districts ), by State: 1953-54 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 cool* 00 « 00 05* CS >0 lO ® s s IhN®0»®N nooo'viowo * tC 00 rt* Q 05 CC >S -oS -H00t^oocccb>ot^-H00®« OOSPO'COC sofinMci S3 2 "§388$ gig 3S-S :g2 ) ^ to t» *o co > 21 8 50 2 2 o © ■C-© * 1 1' £E iOHOfJO^OCOP 05N»CWrrO^^00 r^r^-To^^r^ioko^r . _ . ^ QO 05 _ , > co *o co oo ^ »o oo 00c0c0'^‘0050000t>»05 00 !S5SS^2S§2P:2^ || 8 s = .SS’O rj t2 0^2 . • O > J2J2 ® ® ® ®-^ ® o .2 s as sg? SScg 2-2 >> cax) C C « a.iS o cj c3 ^ !2 f°2 '3 >> 3 : : 3~== ® SIS 3-" j alfSoSss" 20,037 I 121 I _ I 24 I 128 I 15,713 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS ;§ ;2| • r-T ! or 5*8 S >NO f^ef 1,223 ■ 05 1 1 | kO 1 P* CO »o ; | 1 \ coco :§ 1 1 . 0 i 21 1 © 5 S M IMS ooT jpfg CO 05 ^ © 5 ^ kO ^ jrC^T rj\ 13, 661 ^ © •’ cS S 3 ! < 00 H i O 05 CO * < 3,031 1,824 1,019 180 19 133 90 821 818 16,386 32, 915 19, 136 18,400 24, 100 58,414 25,120 16, 420 3, 711 156,928 6, 819 78, 474 11,534 5,078 5,858 1,621 6,585 13, 189 6,184 18,504 3,082 1,049 169 405 388 3,904 10, 565 ! i s »-« ! m SHN I c 62 75 35 t i i H N |HU5 Tf 05 i I1H H CO ' 1 1 1 1 58® 1 c*-* os t- N sc eo -h 2,264 SjgfcSSSSS 285 40 260 93 29 1 74 10,640 3, 517 333 ; ; | ; ; ; i i i 1 1 i i t 1 i i 1 i 1 i i i 1 i i l l i l i 1 i l i i till i . I 1 l 1 1 l 1 1 l l i 1 1 l till l 1 i l 1 i i i i i i i 1 i l i till l 1 • 1 1 i l l i 1 1 l i 1 1 1 till 1 1 l 1 1 l i l i i iill'l till l 1 i 1 i i l i i 1 i i i l i t 4, 835 963 6,474 676 1,000 9,011 694 275 9 23,910 780 7,473 3, 496 960 3, 894 530 • 500 2,762 207 2,219 1,089 145 7 . - . . 14 8 5 32,243 41, 287 36, 617 19, 741 27, 574 99, 553 34, 743 23, 975 5,255 198,741 9,897 88,240 15, 217 7, 766 12, 125 2,746 7. 199 20, 167 9, 050 21, 042 5,292 1,450 206 554 497 4,800 18,260 *5 c ’5 at North Carolina - Oklahoma _ _ South Carolina - Tennessee _ Texas - Virginia _ West Virginia - District of Columbia - West _ Arizona - California - - - . . . - Colorado - - Idaho _ Montana _ Nevada - Oregon _ Utah _ Washington - Wyoming . . . . . - . Outlying parts of the United States: American Samoa - - AS 4> to «.gs 2»|t3 § 2 gQw2 3 .2 ■° S >> s •° >» IS > ■S §. . >* llflli f?l§!l s^silss. S^OgiS § c S « 8* w Is3! lb |8§ o S o o-l g o *- S ^tTfXN^COOOO 05 05 CO ' oo ^ oo oo ao 0^05^000^005010 ©o« it- i iNoo®n>o - S 3-g.S-g o 6 oi 3 CO eg o'O CS1 10 Q ^ 00 00 < 05 »o CO *o ^ c fH^CONOO OONONX 00 05 ^ oo »o o* NOfCO CO ^?3 CO CO CO ^ Tennessee. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 £38 - :g 858 £5$ 3§gi§8 3£3 85 83 IS* - ssISSSs§l * HI l|- £ is|- _ Sililif Table 6. — Size distribution of local basic administrative units ( school districts ), by number of pupils in average daily attendance , by State: 1953—54 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 District of Columbia. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 1 cs 1 1 » 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I i j ; | j 1 till i^H i i i i l till H j j j j j cs ^ co ! !^co ^ ! CS • i i ii i 1 i i j j ! hqcncowconoo^ | | | | | | ^ *-* ! I ! ! cs “g^S^S^S® cs ! cSgsjSSS^iS^S05 eo j j j j j j ©©©cst^***^©© cs aot^ co © ^ ^ co ! Sfe8g®S © »o CO ' CO j 46 226 88 61 11 116 ^ 1 t^©t^cs©©f-*aoao eo g © t*- «-< cj © o d d 8 3 « a E 8 *< Table 7. — Number of local basic administrative units ( school districts ), and number of one-teacher schools , by State: 1931-32 to 1953-54 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 52-54 Number of 1-teacher schools 1953-64 3 us 8 3* 2,917 23 386 63 104 12 537 1,431 9 352 27, 423 772 150 3,594 1,934 2,538 2,831 2,694 3, 789 2,447 200 2,775 3, 699 9,963 503 295 27 119 588 2,389 188 60 1951-52 o N s 3,942 31 514 69 129 20 775 * 1,954 20 430 30,815 ~ * i ; | i-h O 5,560 200 4,933 1,792 194 7,932 125 450 1 14, 817 M go oo * S •cos >oo *>• >1^0 co*-T IcocsT *!«& COCOCO^C^I^*-HOiCS| CS 00 CD O H CO CO »o co i-H *5 **< co S^^oo»-H^05r^Q‘C^ ocococoooo^or^o* ^iHiOOi^CC^ON^WNO coi-Hcfc^csTcocf of co fig® oS 5 w n -2 6C s £&§.2 o c- 8 IOSO^INh lilt ** o B ®^ja 8|g& 5a£x5 ®-fi ,§.§si- 1 115: ^ cO 'O .2^ si iff S ^£1 og g OieOCOCO-H _l N M CO >C u5 C» CO SSSS'*'* -H iO ’S2g! S=ss§§3- SiSSfggS; $2 S82B! O' co c >ON ■ CS »C ooc5-HO> d OT ® >>” I^i W OT N N «5 » «5 « ® V N N P5 W ~ >> "2 |3« S§ Ig’g'gi Eh S C8 ° “ I05«OOhhN«5 ! S >S » §5 co i" o co U5Mht|I®ON-h®iOtC® OCOCO®COC300CO>CCOO»l» «»«®oot>!5ooPiN ^^“•ococococoVco-h^cow ® a. ^ i 3 c S3 c ® § .2 Sso-^H c ® o w roWn®>. £ s o M __ 08 :j*q J a> > « J3 C2SCuC«£Z.S' ®wSSS£;z;oc « STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 Table 9 — Instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools , by type of position and level of instruction , by State: 1953-54 Classroom teachers and other nonsupervisory instructional personnel BIENNIAL SI £t|a£^| JRVE US )Y 0] i j F I IS CDL rCATION, 1 L 95 2-54 ; i Guid¬ ance person¬ nel (when sepa¬ rately re¬ ported) 4, 806 2,201 426 107 150 23 1,243 231 14 7 323 §§ I : is? Libra¬ rians (when sepa¬ rately re¬ ported) n CD s 1, 132 103 IH i CO 1 © MS ' t oo ICO 1 1 © 1 750 ! ms ! j3 ; » i is i Classroom teachers 1 Second¬ ary e* 374,618 94, 750 3,802 1,793 11, 108 1, 181 11,081 37, 956 25, 412 1,649 768 |l CO ilSI§is§SSSs 1 «ooo«n®««-h*onV I Elemen¬ tary s ® MS S 139, 135 ©c^co©Mst>»cocoQO oo ms © © oo co w i-T ^ CO 200, 715 sillllllllis Total ® GO eo w w ® 233, 885 Tj<©TtT co ^ © oo COOO © 313,918 51,427 26, 420 24, 535 17, 304 47, 175 21,888 24,260 12, 422 6,824 51, 139 7, 539 22, 985 Total class- room teachers and other non¬ super¬ visory person¬ nel © w co w 3 237, 674 COTt.©MSCO©©©© ©t>*-o«©^©©©ao Tf COHCh 4, 237 SSSS53SS3SS i Elemen¬ tary only r* 5,480 594 74 737 56 766 1,879 1,191 117 66 5, 444 illllliB3! Total, includ¬ ing undis¬ tributed items CD © N US 9,262 792 151 1, 186 139 1,079 3, 463 2,117 189 146 12, 042 liililllaSS 1 i uonsuuanis or supervisors of instruction Second¬ ary only MS 1,808 1,027 © MS © CO > © © -Mst>. ^©©t-hCN^CO^OO ©COUS^»-H©©COOO CO l>T oT CO co co" CS CO©© 329, 137 §igIllll§£SS ssCsssa’s’s-'s-’s' Region and State - Continental United States . . . Northeast . . . Connecticut _ _ _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ .. New York _ _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ ... Vermont _ North Central... . . Illinois Indiana Iowa _ ivansas _ .. Michigan . Minnesota Missouri . . Nebraska _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ ooum L»aKoia _ Wisconsin 2 _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 - 00 © CO © © CO © © © -H rH rH 05 CO rH CO © 05 s 05 HiCO»H00cO»ON00Oc005C000050J © i0»0i0H05C0O05C0Ni005^OOC0 h}4 COr^05^©©050500©00©rH^N- 00 CO tC rf of GO CO of 00" O of © 2 Jg g S °° ^ © © © ©05l^.©©©^H©t>.C0© ©r-l©iHO5^4©00©r-l© ©00©©©rHOO©^0000 ©" of co" co" oo" co" ©" T-Z © © © HJ4 © CO CO 05 © 00 © 00 rH 05 05 CO © 05"© © 05" 8 © *h Tt4 ^ 05 05 CO N* rH 05 ^ CO ^ hJ4 N- 05‘C05 00 00NNCOC01005^QO'^'-4 O N- 05 05 CO h*4 05 CO co O O 05 00 © 05 00 ^ ^ of co of t>-" oo ocf ^ co" ^ oo o »o of co 05 rH C505tH^HHpH«PHHO<»005^ - s Tf4 0^H^C2^COr^©oo^t^ I r^rH©©©^^t»©©05 ©05©r^.©©rHoo©r^oo ©"of©-^©i-H©'rH'©©05" CO© ©©© © rH © r^. lO © rH © rH CO CO © © 1-f CO ©" 00 95 CO of CO ©rH00©©©O5t^t^rH©©CO0O^'- © © ^ ^ ^ — i © r^05co©»o©coco©©co©05ooao^ \ s 05 r^»" © ©^^^©^©^^ ^ cooo©©©coTro©t^© ©CO©l>»©©rH05©'^4© ©" co" ©" ^" ©" 1-h" ©" of ©" of 1-h rH rH 1 © © 05 © oo 05 © © © © © rH CO CO © rH r-T CO cf 1 666 ‘t- 05 © rH ^J4 © Hf4 CO rH co © © © © n- ^ rH g2£2gg2S332S3 00 § of 1 N©©©rHO00 ' © CO 05 I ' ^ © ^ | 00 ^33 05 1 819 ‘6 Hh»©N © © © 00 05 05 ^ h*4 ©© rH rH CO - CO 00 I-4 CO 1 © 1 rH 1 i CO i CO i 979 1 © 05 © CO © 05 05 : « ® « ! © © ! 05 © rH Tt4 \ 1 00 rH , 05 © N- rH . 05 ! 1 Is 05 1 © 1 N- © ^ © i © i © 05 rH CO 1 CO 1 CO CO © 00 1 1 © of CO ©© ^ 05 ^ r-4 05 ^© .^©05© CO Tt4 CO © -*« 05 © © ^ © © 1 © CO CO N Tt4 I 1-H h 05 h h 05 05 ' rH CO CO »— 4 ! co © © 05 05 © 05 © 05 © Tt4 N- 00©rH05Ht4rH©lC©©^#4 1 05 rH r-H rH - © © © 05 © © CO SSgggSSSSgSgggSgg -■ © oo © rH ^ 05 © n. co © rH rH Tf4 rH tj4 r— coco of CO 00 ©of ©©"of©"o0 ^00 © ©" CO 05 rH 05 05 05 rH rH rH CO rH rH 05 © 05 rH DC s 1 f ©Tt4^J40000^H©©'Tt4Ht4O5 r- it^cor^©05oooooo©oo OO-^ICOOO©©^^^© ©" 00 rT © © rn" © CO ©" 00 CO © © © oo hj4 r>. •T*4 © © 00 © © © rH CO © N- rf CO © South . . ! : ! : ' ' ‘ C g S Jj C 3 c ^2' £> * cJT* 1 *£ ® © : till 1 1 1 I . : M , >>cST5 2«§!' “ >» llll: i i i i i i i i ^03 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111,1111 C 1 111,111' 2 1 • <3 1 ce ' ' ' 3 :.2 :g : : is o : -jo : o : : :.s ° : g*§5g : :Sf O ' fo|o| ;.2> « : •3’cI-‘=c2.5« ■§ .SfelscSsfS ts : 5 & H £ 1 1 1 1 i-2 c * £t ill ‘C’37 5 3 o5,i:3^ o !•§ S 3 « o ® % ^ •• 50 *2 -w C9 Im +1 CQCK2 ft-T3 : c •Sc : E *5 \s. ll /' 11 << j i i i 2 0» ■ 1 § „ C 1 '•» I5j^ 3 2 i te'E : c cs > o 3 *5,2 3 UQOW&h 1 Includes other nonsupervisory instructional personnel when such personnel are 4 Distribution by level estimated, not separately reported. 5 Included in col. 3. 3 Excludes vocational education. 8 Includes audiovisual personnel. 3 Included in col. 14. Table 10. — Classroom, teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools , by sex and level of instruction, by State: 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Secondary teachers Women a I 50, 622 1,954 819 5,436 591 5,784 22, 016 12, 706 897 419 56,938 7,767 5, 502 3, 397 2,446 9,865 4, 054 3, 550 5,918 980 9,500 875 3,084 69, 798 6,055 3, 179 519 4,998 5,026 Men CD w eo 44, 128 1,848 974 5,672 590 5, 297 15, 940 12, 706 752 349 56, 265 OOOHbOOHHNWCJiH rC of oo co cl* oh^ 47, 930 3,389 2,317 525 3, 675 3, 760 Total secondary ® 374, 618 94, 750 3,802 1,793 11, 108 1,181 11,081 37, 956 25, 412 1,649 768 113, 203 COCOONN^NOSOCOOO^ COGO'tOCOONCOiOiCON c5 55 ® o co o eo i-H csi jooodo^-Oicood^ooitC i J§ 1 *** 9,444 5,496 1,044 8, 673 8,786 Elementary teachers Women Elementary (excluding kinder¬ garten) 6,842 1, 719 16, 842 36, 001 28,918 2,068 1, 714 1 1 CP 1 05 O 1 N H i GO '05 .5*0* |«5N 1 . i 05 i O i ^ h i O cO i ' l 1 i O • 1— 4 »0 Tt< LQ I 12,783 7, 196 1,133 11,665 17, 379 Kinder¬ garten (including nursery) 00 i O ' lOONiHWJOOi f-H . 1 CO 1"- CO CS Tt« CO 1 ' ‘OCOCOhn 1 i 1-TcO 1-H 1 1 i O i CO ■ N *0 i rf* 05 ' i <00 '00 'Oi-H iNW « 1 i ^ i ^ 1 »C CO ' 1 ! I ' * 18 80 250 Total CD W Ud 123, 715 7, 452 4, 681 14, 523 1,787 18, 414 42, 662 30, 241 2,213 1,742 173, 363 30, 501 12, 461 14, 611 10, 579 23,390 12, 136 15, 635 4, 196 4, 076 27,250 5,001 13, 527 202, 330 12,783 7, 196 1, 151 11, 745 17, 629 Men cd ® GO 15, 420 1, 210 573 1,791 238 2,159 6,097 3, 071 181 * 100 27, 352 5,260 3, 379 1,376 1, 518 5,848 688 1,948 187 998 3, 536 430 2,184 19,646 568 559 99 966 1,069 Total elementary u* 1 CD 139, 135 8,662 5, 254 16, 314 2, 025 20, 573 48, 759 33, 312 2,394 1,842 200, 715 35, 761 15, 840 15, 987 12, 097 29,238 12, 824 17,583 4,383 5, 074 30, 786 5,431 15, 711 221, 976 13, 351 7, 755 1,250 12, 711 1 18, 698 Total elementary and secondary teachers Women O N CD QO 174, 337 9,406 5,500 19, 959 2,378 24, 198 64, 678 42, 947 3, 110 2,161 230, 301 38,268 17,963 18, 008 13, 025 33, 255 16, 190 19, 185 10, 114 5, 056 36, 750 5, 876 16, 611 272, 128 18, 838 10, 375 1,670 16, 743 22, 655 Men e* QO es N 00 s s 3, 058 1,547 7, 463 828 7,456 22, 037 15, 777 933 449 83, 617 13, 159 8,457 6,527 4,279 13, 920 5,698 5, 075 2,308 1,768 14, 389 1,663 6, 374 67, 576 3, 957 2,876 624 4,641 4,829 Total w 8 N e* ® 233, 885 12, 464 7, 047 27, 422 3,206 31,654 86, 715 58, 724 4, 043 2,610 313, 918 51, 427 26, 420 24, 535 17, 304 47, 175 21,888 24, 260 12, 422 6,824 51, 139 7, 539 22, 985 339, 704 22, 795 13, 251 2,294 21, 384 27, 484 Region and State - Continental United States.. Northeast _ . . . Connecticut _ _ Maine _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ _ ... New York 1 . . . Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ Vermont _ North Central. _ Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas _ Michigan 1 _ Minnesota _ Missouri 3. ... _ Nebraska _ North Dakota 1 _ Ohio 3 _ _ _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin « _ South _ Alabama _ Arkansas. _ Delaware'1 _ Florida _ Georgia _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 Smi§E8S8§ SI comnnrf^n efo*o« - 23,993 623 13, 419 2, 039 818 588 151 1,017 1,395 836 2,677 430 86 9 64 42 718 2,218 ssssSIIglll s ci (M* (N o to CO »o od r-‘ •o' aS oo *o‘ ~ _ 48,937 IlsISsiSsil 177 39 150 63 1,206 3,315 lliiisgll is 1 -•or^oTgoo-jV-* tC 34,696 5, 422 2,479 3, 218 908 8,608 663 29 159 257 1,880 5,813 sag i is i is i i s is i» : is i \ of ooT-V^V -H* 77,861 ESSS8SS8S1S wVnooV 686 29 177 257 2,200 5,813 SlllSglggsl 8 rt*esT-r 17,833 §§gSlsll§lS -tor H _« ssssisiassa i wNooocjoeJggVod -h* 95,694 sassssssass ^N®NMr;«OOMO^ 836 130 220 296 2,384 6,695 ssssasssiss s I H o llgg|Si§§sS 772 38 241 299 2, 918 8, 031 SslSI|glls§ 1 eoeo«eo*o>o,'«HeH,oeei 1,013 169 370 359 3,590 10, 010 Kentucky - Louisiana 3 . . . Maryland 3 . . . Mississippi - North Carolina... . . Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee 1 . Texas . . . . - . Virginia . . West Virginia > . District of Columbia . West.. . . Arizona - - - California 1 _ Colorado - Idaho 3 . . . . Montana. . . . Nevada - New Mexico - - Oregon _ Utah _ _ _ _ Washington - - Outlying parts of the United States: Alaska _ American Samoa _ Canal Zone . . . . Guam . . . - Hawaii. . . . . Puerto Rico _ Table 11. — Personnel engaged in health, food services, and recreational activities in local basic administrative units, by State: 1953-54 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 g -> o w H S ◄ g W tn 5 « w W «CLh IS IS 1 ! : ;s :88 : • • 00 < 1 I 901 1 1 00 00 1“ p W o CQ n )HCOO ) CO rH iO *5 ! _c c £ *£ T2 Sc ^ 'oo ^-C co C •- ||l^.|l'go!||^||| | W C'2 ? ? ? d o L CZZCJJ o O § STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 0* *0 O* *0 ' 05 ^ CO C CO 00 !>■ C 2S2 r— I oi g os ■ ; S mu** cs o 2 a 2 >> szZoB* 02 53 Is 0~ N TO — Q '2 ® •* to B gt SS £3 ^ ? 0/ 5§s«a «*OCHPh Table 12. — Personnel engaged in attendance , clerical , plant operation and maintenance , transportation , and miscellaneous activities in local basic administrative units , by State: 1953-54 Other Employed w Personnel S AL ST JRVEY 0] t C* 3 F E ;r n fca TION, o ■ CO j 19 00 Ol 5 2- 5' 4 . .CC > • 1 1>« i i i i Full¬ time *0 4,111 209 1, 956 SS3 CO ' ' o '• ' 1 ^ ' Transportation Personnel Part- time 331 S 191 Full¬ time eO 31,443 46 380 140 14 2,968 2,772 30 1,936 2,480 _ 3,277 2,074 7,000 3, 528 1,660 15 Plant Maintenance Personnel Part- time a N CO CO 138 53 CO ©CO ^ CO 1 S3 382 124 554 Full¬ time - N r- w 192 00 s lO 1-H ^ o 53 30 553 205 400 540 247 119 1,503 510 345 8 Plant Operation Personnel Part- time ® 10, 180 1 800 64 942 516 942 1,382 424 191 90 337 <5 8 LSt 891 757 1,791 Full¬ time CO w N IO 1,519 400 3,552 4,190 196 7,960 5,644 726 1,374 235 2,075 2,348 1,557 2,074 2,528 975 6,194 2,261 1,936 858 Secretarial and Clerical Personnel Assistants to instructional personnel Part- time 00 917 00 $ 8 1 160 204 52 Full¬ time r- N eo to (») 34 5 g S 00 OIQN co >o >o -h es 1,142 609 213 137 Assistants to administrative and other non- instructional personnel Part- time CO 1, 640 250 104 403 174 00 00 00 258 63 12 Full¬ time u* S 1 728 100 Oh cocococ^c^co of of 1,158 342 156 123 Attendance Personnel Visiting teachers (home- school counsel¬ ors) - 1, 063 s i ° 691 S882 l8 Attendance officers Part- time e* 8 491 196 378 85 404 141 93 13 Region and State - 27 States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia _ Northeast: Maine cr | 1 V I d !!> New Jersey _ _ Vermont, North Central: Illinois Ohio _ _ _ South: Arkansas _ _ Delaware Florida •S IS C > ) r t C Louisiana i*c || I > il Oklahoma Tennessee Texas _ _ _ Virginia _ _ _ West Virginia _ District of Columbia _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 Table 13. — Total population , school-age population , and enrollment by grade group and high school graduates of full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State: 1953-54 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 fc £ Is 8*8* nw'o'hVnV Nh II w 00 03 "2 M bo £*j *3 53 tJD O MS o 00 MS H < oTmso eSSS iSSSSilSSil !ieg=Wssi ocOMsr^oo^HOOr^oo r^coMsi^^oococot^ SSSSSSSSS co »-h co co IsIisallsISI iWlllilSSSg N»OM5 Sms o 05 cs 0 2 ®XJ «sS>c O 5 >»2 S .ggslg < 00 ^ CO CO 05 05 o MS 00 I05»h05 00NH > 00 (N 1 N>0 16.1 • 36. 8 23.9 35.0 33.3 661 919 748 722 541 598 1,097 528 630 825 1,964 821 525 137 4,565 222 2, 354 314 153 142 39 207 346 194 525 69 ONCOSOCO CO rm00500»CFH»HCSW«^‘005 00 CO CO of CS of 0* ' frf CO 00 CO 21,763 894 12, 119 1,437 594 613 195 767 1,620 749 2, 481 293 205 » 19 57 » 59 523 2, 213 27 Florida... - - Georgia _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee - - Texas _ Virginia _ West Virginia . . District of Columbia - West _ _ _ Arizona _ California. _ _ Colorado _ _ Idaho _ Montana _ _ Nevada _ New Mexico . . . Oregon _ Utah _ Washington _ Wyoming _ Outlying parts of the United States: Alaska _ American Samoa _ Canal Zone _ _ Guam _ _ _ Puerto Rico _ .. l B Z | » c ZL > Table 14. — Enrollment , by grade , in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State: 1953-54 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Grades 9 through 12 and postgraduate Post¬ grad¬ uate 00 £ W N 3,571 98 46 857 60 102 2,151 201 56 21, 676 CO ' • CO 1 • t IMSCO ‘©05 i i i ‘ © C* © ' ' © to 1 ' ' ' to 1, 149 Fourth year <30 2 © © 282,152 13, 417 6, 768 33, 889 3, 829 33, 577 98, 765 84, 605 4, 471 2,831 370, 886 59, 863 36, 311 26, 272 19, 852 49, 507 28, 619 30, 060 12, 925 6,119 63, 078 6, 626 31, 654 369, 314 24,234 15, 742 2,251 23, 130 23, 868 18, 806 Third year © N N r* 332, 230 15,880 7,829 39, 150 4, 442 38, 591 120, 843 97, 996 4, 437 3, 062 425, 242 70, 830 41,408 28, 887 21, 770 56,669 32, 513 35, 544 14, 499 6, 677 74, 073 7, 219 35, 153 447, 057 30,870 19,023 2,897 28,691 29, 532 22, 721 Second year »« 1,716,758 396,678 18, 821 9,000 45, 383 5,074 46, 014 145, 707 117, 473 5, 657 3, 549 505, 764 85, 757 51, 121 32, 817 25, 017 70, 748 37, 027 40,490 16, 033 7, 493 91, 190 8, 115 39, 956 563, 792 38, 749 23, 696 3,442 36, 856 39, 108 29, 940 First year 2! 1,944,357 439, 610 20,892 10, 635 50, 455 5, 848 52, 305 159, 017 130, 255 6, 043 4, 160 555, 684 93,077 56, 711 35, 259 26, 892 78, 338 39, 814 48, 721 17, 559 8, 373 100, 229 8,530 42, 181 670, 839 46, 552 27, 503 3, 775 41, 433 48, 616 36, 565 Total « MS 8 © 1,454,241 _ 69, 108 34, 278 169, 734 19, 253 170, 589 526, 483 430, 530 20, 608 13, 658 1,879,252 319, 580 185, 551 123, 477 93, 531 265, 355 138, 570 154, 815 61,016 28,662 328, 570 30, 555 149, 570 2,052,151 140, 405 85, 964 12, 365 130, 110 141, 124 108,032 Kindergarten through grade 8 Eighth grade •* 3 W e»s «> e* 425, 224 21, 733 12, 397 47, 195 6, 141 50, 072 149, 236 126, 352 7,020 5, 078 561, 903 90,014 58, 498 36, 384 28, 163 81, 767 38, 506 50, 782 16, 893 9,872 105, 103 9,622 36,299 756, 566 53,030 31, 897 4, 140 46, 223 58, 027 45,660 Seventh grade to N ss 473,400 24,444 13, 329 53, 136 6,667 57, 073 171, 567 133, 703 8, 057 5,424 607, 954 98, 006 63, 934 38, 153 29, 958 89,217 40,593 57, 467 17, 193 10, 266 114, 769 10,033 38, 365 852, 641 61, 242 35, 920 4,785 51,607 65, 230 50,666 Sixth grade 01 r* © 5 w 520, 741 30,010 14, 379 59, 524 7, 160 65,813 193,663 135, 811 8, 684 5,697 661, 147 110, 779 68,237 40,630 32, 911 99, 082 44, 807 59, 744 19,240 . 10,799 122, 496 10,828 41, 594 925, 644 64, 619 37, 642 5,253 56, 010 73,287 54, 612 Fifth grade • e*s s © 543,035 31, 774 15, 456 61, 986 7,409 67, 417 190,544 153, 170 9,260 6, 019 692, 392 115, 976 71, 473 42, 318 34, 908 104, 048 46, 199 64, 770 18,950 11,514 126, 971 11,634 43,631 1,009,256 76, 319 39,960 5,305 60, 941 81, 476 58,280 Fourth grade I 00 1 ! © MS w 531,884 29,573 14, 661 59,599 6, 925 64, 431 187, 372 154, 191 9, 093 6, 039 667, 868 111, 165 70,031 41, 724 34, 748 97, 751 44, 561 61, 473 20, 068 11,487 120, 779 11,550 42, 531 1,002,493 65, 404 40, 218 5,300 62, 534 82, 384 55, 567 Third grade l ? 1 527,320 29,851 14, 209 59,080 6, 901 66, 243 189, 859 146, 023 9, 258 5,896 672,761 109, 593 69, 975 41,760 34, 170 98, 404 44, 045 62,560 20, 264 11, 497 125,355 11,523 43, 615 1,007,170 68, 404 39, 963 5,384 62, 453 82, 985 56,782 Second grade to 8 © © © 611,455 36,790 15, 323 75, 024 8,441 77, 932 235, 247 145, 002 11,084 6, 612 785, 276 129, 163 81,699 46, 385 40,836 117, 405 51, 983 71, 395 22, 200 12, 688 149, 300 13, 198 49, 024 1,121,310 74, 248 45, 235 6, 252 72, 237 94, 108 68, 647 First grade MS 3,666,466 721, 505 42,909 19, 820 83, 571 10, 432 90, 491 259, 018 187, 890 19, 490 7,884 986, 224 169, 218 102, 812 68,984 49, 097 146, 181 61,129 88, 485 27, 989 14,757 183,799 14, 440 59,333 1,465,042 99, 976 58, 156 7, 556 82,907 119, 780 85, 949 Kinder¬ garten •*< 1,474,007 472,334 32, 508 15, 512 41, 702 3, 449 83, 721 199, 826 86, 016 8, 120 1,480 620, 535 109,766 40,000 43, 139 29, 021 141, 520 41, 730 32, 176 26, 107 1,632 96,904 5,056 53, 484 86, 995 865 3, 455 9,230 7, 373 Total 22,545.807 1 8 OO 279, 592 135, 086 540, 817 63,525 623, 193 1,776,332 1,268,158 90, 066 50, 129 6,256,060 1,043,680 626, 659 399, 477 313, 812 975, 375 413, 553 548, 852 188, 904 94, 512 1,145,476 97, 884 407, 876 8,227,117 563, 242 328, 991 44, 840 498, 367 666, 507 483, 536 Total N S i 8 6, 281, 139 348, 700 169, 364 710, 551 82, 778 793, 782 2, 302, 815 1, 698, 688 110, 674 63, 787 8, 135, 312 1, 363, 260 812, 210 522, 954 407, 343 1, 240, 730 552, 123 703, 667 249, 920 123, 174 1, 474. 046 128, 439 557,446 10,279,268 703, 647 414, 955 57, 205 628, 477 807, 631 591, 568 Region and State 1 Continental United States _ Northeast _ Connecticut . . Maine.. _ _ Massachusetts 1 - New Hampshire _ New Jersey . . . New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island 2 . . Vermont _ North Central _ Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ _ Kansas. _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ _ Missouri _ Nebraska _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ South _ _ _ _ Alabama _ Arkansas - Delaware _ Florida _ _ _ Georgia _ Kentucky •STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 CO O* 1 <0 ' 1 > 1 ' ' 00 II ^ CO fH '00 1 1 1 1 1 II t** O ' i i i i i i 00 i-H i O) i i 00 ■ I H Oi p II 1 1 1-H • 1 CO »— 1 *o II ii ii CO IN i • i 18, 393 15, 098 15,520 37,991 23, 406 16, 484 25, 147 62,620 23, 292 18,681 4,651 167, 786 1 6, 687 81,740 12, 048 6, 928 5, 778 1,523 5,837 14, 612 8, 933 20, 627 3, 073 646 20 376 204 8, 445 22, 727 18, 347 19, 174 45, 170 27, 705 20, 506 30, 421 73, 486 28, 067 22, 632 5,088 207, 193 8, 612 102, 849 14, 273 8, 215 6, 742 1,922 7, 746 17, 646 10, 524 25, 186 3, 478 841 48 497 343 11, 313 29. 733 23, 827 24, 350 55, 964 32. 507 25, 854 38, 614 91,520 34, 945 27, 571 7,116 250, 524 10, 721 126, 211 17, 409 9, 463 7,674 2,435 10, 040 20, 860 12, 227 29, 332 4, 152 1,089 101 584 510 16,314 37, 338 27, 349 29, 757 67, 256 35, 799 31,097 47, 089 107, 778 44, 028 32, 183 6, 721 278, 224 13, 075 141, 276 19, 345 10, 157 8,682 2, 863 11,490 22, 701 12, 540 31, 404 4,691 1,292 201 647 622 21, 175 109, 227 84,640 88, 801 206, 467 119; 417 93, 941 141, 271 335, 404 130, 332 101, 067 23, 584 904, 601 39, 536 452, 076 63, 084 34, 763 28, 876 8, 761 35, 113 75, 819 44, 255 106,868 15, 450 3, 868 372 2, 104 1,679 57, 247 40, 607 30, 762 35, 798 74, 492 38, 090 39, 177 55, 788 116, 335 43, 078 36, 264 7, 198 288, 495 14, 664 143, 106 20, 533 10, 895 9, 171 2, 846 12, 606 23, 404 13, 302 33, 177 4,791 1,523 233 717 699 26, 927 46, 005 34, 047 40, 877 82, 635 41, 243 44, 523 62, 564 127, 422 56,113 39, 747 8,015 308, 121 15, 734 154, 391 22, 250 11,231 9, 724 3, 200 14, 038 24, 087 13, 702 34,663 5,101 1,782 332 752 712 33, 849 50, 055 37, 531 45, 073 88, 128 41, 939 49, 841 67, 236 137, 945 65, 737 42, 261 8, 475 341, 642 17, 260 173, 696 23, 727 11,883 10, 226 3, 635 14, 933 26, 682 15, 131 38, 787 5, 682 2, 208 368 873 805 41, 828 53, 868 40, 773 50,045 96, 794 43, 103 54,900 71,571 152, 341 72, 860 42, 099 8,621 362, 300 18, 447 180, 677 25, 341 12, 834 10, 780 3, 779 16, 265 28, 685 16, 440 42, 960 6,092 2, 652 431 999 855 50, 957 54,991 39, 637 52, 454 94, 697 42, 787 56, 118 69, 656 158, 043 72, 986 41, 103 8,614 o Q i 18, 618 183, 231 25, 349 12,500 10, 613 3, 942 16, 535 27, 375 15, 986 42, 826 6, 125 2,812 599 1, 145 864 62, 806 55, 209 41,317 52, 816 94, 501 41, 465 56, 510 68, 741 158, 836 71, 543 40, 883 9, 378 361,992 18, 741 183,269 24, 944 12, 376 10, 421 3,784 16,530 27, 316 15, 499 43, 130 5,982 2, 908 783 1,262 917 67, 936 C‘*c^aocs*aQts»cOfN»aOf"H 3 csf co *>T © co c CO N h 0)1 N Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol ^ 04 CO 1C 04 ci lOOlNOOQHCOiOOlW OOO^HCO'fCOWCO^ ' N o' N ® o' ‘O' of of of iOf^*-HiO04CO00C0i-OCO 05 CO 04 H 005 of of of of of 1-4 O co O W « »0 04 ^ CO « ^ 'C o 05 N CO 05 N CO 00 H N CO of of i-T o' 05 *o o t"» eo *>• » co co 25 04 h H 04 CO N04 CC IO N N NH CO ^ N »0 COC4 of cef of of of t>- 05 © 1-H rH 00 00 CO 04 *-< O of of of of 04 05 K 00 O »c 04 ^ 05 ?4 ^ 05 CO CO >0 O 04 U5 2§ g 3 ® 04 00 CO 04*0$ I ^ 8 2 22 82 N 00 CO HO 04 04 04 04 0©<000a00i004 OHCOiOOliOkOCO 00500CON»OC40 8 I! - I £ 05N 00 N O f-T ko" eo 8 5 s 00 CO *o 8 S £ 00 05 CD co io SSW 04 04 H 88 O lO 23 N OOO a* 04 CO 00 04 00 X 1C CO 8 £ 3 S of of co |C »-H000505COr^»004 of of of f-T i-T f-T h t-T ,-T o ^ CO 04 o o ccf of CO 04 8 8 8 $ 8 8 8 N CO « 04 N »C 00 03 00 H h 04 «C 04 N ^ O N 04 05 04 »-H i-h O O CO of of of of of of i-T © »0 'S £ S| _ 'O ■C e too S3 2 C +2 bJD s eg ■* to £ tuDO> in M to aj 'S'O d 03 ®S2 .3 to M ll 1 gw fe 3 £ 03 "3 u> 2 73 “ 5 S & m 02 — OOO 5 & C T3 ' eS in° CQ E-1 S’® l“! .SES grade _ I 9. 2 I 9. 5 I 9. 7 I 10.0 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 0>0>0“5 000l'0®rt. 00 06 oi 00 l-‘ 50 d ■*' oi oi os oo d d ■'T NO^MOOWOOON- © oi oo oo f-’ to d d riNcOr'' © oi oo' oo' d «o d lOOifiNNOOOHicfi oi oi oo oo' t-' d d 'i5 io^Hifse^aoa5©^o»c©e« oi oi oo ao' d d d •"*> lOrttOHOlOiOWWNi oi oi oo ao d t»‘ d d ■** CCO'OHWOliOt'lONCO oi oi oo ao f-’ d d d oioiooa6t^t';t'-‘dd-«l ■^©©Tfe^wiococo' oiaiooocadr^t^dd' psoit^to^wto^ww' oiaoaoooaof^t-dd^' ©Oif^CO'fOasOOf^® oiaoaoaooot'it^dd'ii Jl-sl S' , o i "O® > S s S'g -£ffvsp : b “S 2© v--45 >= -5 “c g b g 2 "E b5£ SS g t»»® >* ia oS a > if &o£.g HfehaitcW-w §^b £ is g s Pm»E-|Pt'PH 399804 0-57- 3 C. 'g“ -S 03 So o ^ 'So o |S ■3 o3 S cs o c ,2 >» ■g 03 CS S .si If f-S s| s* ■d fl 3 «- s © cj 111. “ K o a** as SSg £ s sp •O So a) - fa ■sis a S .2 §,-£ ■Ssfi ss* i-g® Sfc.b £ J£ g * ^ o 3 cr. c/3 «-2 a a « 2 ® O # o ss* 0)^2 ^ o *3 sal X3 oa 111 s'g- PI .So «S o 111 Ilf O.C+J HE-1 IT'S Table 16. Total number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State: 1870-71 to 1953-54 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 IS3E8S8gg||3 8§S38S|gS183||8 §i35i8§i§ §§i 1 II § « Ik CO NW?Oh I] r-i C0O5O5t^©O5C0©CO'«t» ^ «oco»o»c^“^( »ONiO W»C( © CO CO 0O05 QOONWW-hiONcO^PN^ ©OOtN»©’*<©,* * 00 ^ O C !g$S22SS: oo~hco©©05©©©co©© ^NONN^ON^rHCOCC 05©©C0©©I^O5i-hO5.-h© r^©©^©^©©©^oo© ©co^^Ht^©05 05©oo*-H© r^co©e5©©©05r^'« Tr 05 © aO © ^ © S ©Tt«©^O5*-Hf^00* ^»C»ONOi^ W-C «hn ^ t^©©COe5^HC0©r^©^O5 ©t^©©C)OTt«r^~Hr^C0C5O5 ©C0©^©t^©05 05©©© icV'fV cT *-T - CO ^ C ISfcSSS! rei'^n'c sssssssssss; f-**O*O^JiS?2©eo©©©S8© © CO OO" © © ©" ~ 05"^h"© Q0 5g$wgj88£c$3g$!J o* o> 3 So CO © cooo©C5t>»©©^H© © 3&$SS$$SS $ © V© co"© 05" 05"©" CO *-h" ©^CO©^O5gQ00cO II 00 t^©*-«©^CO-*©05©C0^ ac©©rt<©aoeor^©oo©*-H <0^cor^io©©coaooo5co § Jo 2 85 5 ©ScSeScScS ©ir5»cco»o^r^05i-HoOi->^ IIsSSIlil§§l GCOO’-HOO^C'^©*^'' 05©00$©©o8?5< 3w^co8^3co! C005iO^C0^©C0r^05 05i-i 05©©r^r^©©t^©©©© ^©a000©£5^CO©’*<©00 sWliS¥l|sg S 8 CO II © K IP w* co" :£82Sg8£i > © ^ oo © *-h © < ©©t^«05O5©^©C0©C0C0 oo cs co" © !>•" ©" © © © r>T oo ^h" ^^©©O5Q0f5^tCO©t^© t>. © ^ co ^ 05 © oi co « 05 r>» © co *-< c >882: 5 S 3 co § K 05 © © S8§5SS!SSf § IsWISWgei ©05C0©C0©O5*-h^C ©r^oi^coo^co©* ^©ooeo©©©^©c © *-*" tC oT co ©" r^" 05' © c ^«n«Snn2S( 00©*-h1>-©©'^4©^ g©CO©C0*-i*-H©00 ©©©Tf»-*©©C0 ^ ri 05 1-H © 00 oo © co © © © cs © oo©cot^©oor^©©i^ go ^ © © ^ © CO 05 £SV8'£££8'~2“S£ - > © CO QO < co ©©© © ^ ©© <: ^©©^©odr^©'^©' e a % a>» i i s .2 -g §§ ^ M ® O CBM. . . CT3 2 §1 * Eli i o%Szzzp:pi> I? ^ § ,ii§l® 0 M s ! S *' ; cS ct • = , >> c8 ’C S' 08 3 > c c fin S .2 2 ca e3 m u o >;•£•= -s 5leSlM32il§ South Carolina _ I 66,056 1 134,072 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 716, 295 1, 604, 293 695, 277 451, 991 109, 135 4, 140, 333 197, 535 2,139,806 288,954 136, 376 118, 475 43,608 173, 268 312,564 183, 164 478, 312 68, 271 27, 676 5,082 11,887 10, 205 iss ir 659, 785 1,354,167 597, 867 438,498 96, 323 3,397,294 139, 244 1, 757, 424 229,196 122, 259 105, 917 25, 144 148, 978 255, 032 153, 648 400, 867 59,585 13. 910 4,001 9,523 8, 553 89, 820 409, 639 4,896 606, 420 1,242,985 534, 778 409, 080 92, 187 2,708,887 101, 239 1,303,008 202, 410 111,331 91, 770 24, 255 121, 567 196, 407 138, 282 366, 187 52, 431 8** ‘9 809 ‘9 82,488 309, 595 3,805 648. 131 1,328,822 568. 131 452, 821 96,170 2,615,347 110, 205 1, 189, 106 221, 409 120, 987 107, 302 20, 746 132, 589 188, 876 136, 519 331, 409 56,199 6, 312 2,864 6, 688 4,691 91,821 286,098 3, 552 627, 747 1, 308, 028 562, 956 395, 505 80, 965 2, 514, 257 103, 806 1,068, 683 240,482 120, 947 120, 337 18,041 102, 084 202, 595 138, 046 344, 731 54, 505 3 111 eo jtCeo 71, 657 221, 248 3, 061 619, 852 1,035,648 505,190 346, 256 65.298 1,932,855 76, 505 696,238 220, 232 115,192 126, 576 14,114 81,399 151,028 117, 406 291, 053 43, 112 1 1 co \co 41,350 180, 458 521, 753 821, 631 402, 109 276, 458 55.774 1,227,609 31,312 368, 391 168,798 76,168 66,141 * 10,200 56, 304 118, 412 91,611 215,688 24, 584 486, 354 659, 598 370, 595 232, 343 46, 519 815,368 16,504 269, 736 117, 555 36, 669 39, 430 6, 676 36, 735 89, 405 73, 042 115,104 14, 512 447, 950 466,872 342, 269 193, 064 36,906 515,677 7,989 221, 756 65, 490 14, 311 16, 980 7, 387 18, 215 63, 254 37, 279 55,964 7,052 ; i i 300, 217 i 220,000 220, 736 142, 850 26,439 288,546 sgSiglssIll 140,000 63,504 131,088 76,999 15, 157 146,120 91, 332 4,357 906 1,657 3,106 1,320 21,000 16, 992 5,000 450 Tennessee - - - Texas. - - Virginia - - West Virginia _ District of Columbia . . West . . !il| Outlying parts of the United States: Alaska _ American Samoa - - Canal Zone - - - - Hawaii _ _ Puerto Rico . . Virgin Islands _ with North Dakota. Table 17. — Percent of total population and percent of school-age population enrolled infull-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State: 1870-71 to 1953-54 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 sssfiggggs ksssssSssssssh sssssgssasissi I* HfOHONHNHN 00h^iooh«ON»u5 0! NWtONWONOON Tf^of'OaN^ionH^ ggssssgssasss I © GO O H»0«C 8S5g£g822SS;£®8 waoo'i'Nooirt »NfU0NO»»O»N« SSggSSSgSSSSi NOWONHNOiHHNW StesifcSsgg S2££2s3SgS!2S5$ &*ggg£g$gggg •'-l05C0 222222222222 ^aig^S5S2SE32?i Is ^«N^N»ON©h 222222222 oocoooo5'«fco»ooo5coeo-^ 2S2g>222?J?j2S2 0400»«e0COC4Ot^040004e0 S3228Fj82^8S 222222822 28SS8e528S232 8S28SS828S8S ©©0**0000*0*0*0 2^2S222SJ5 ^CC^O©hOOh©NhN 22332sj2?$8282 eo©cco*©o*i>»t^,"<©i-H«*< ss233822ste88 C0»005050c0t^00t^ 222222222 lNHNCOC*iON«OC© isgjsissssssssjs ©C0C0t^C0t^©^i-H©*O^ 2822^228888 oo®Ort« o*»-io*»o^co©i^© 282*28828 a#NNNH(CiONOO 00 ?isl8S?!?5?SS2a-Si CMIMOC0C0t^C0'«»'05»-l 222222*282 OMNCOO' SSS828822 gStgssssSs^s siss^s-sss STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 to c»»oo5^ootoioc*so«o 8S3SS ft sssssgsssss oo i i a> * i its > cs . is i C* OO OO CO © CO N H »0 »Q N tatte * SSSSSgSgSSS 60.9 57. 1 »100.0 81.8 fell© 2£5S (C»N« OOSO>Ot^©'* 00 CO 00 CO © ssse s sfcsssssssgs | j | N^ON ^ C^^00 0500t^C0OC0^^ SSSS 5§ SSg£8£2EgKf: ! ! ! ©©CO© CO 'cOCO^HNO^N^OCC SS8S 5 jgSSRS-ggSS | j 21.5 19.1 19.5 22.7 12.9 22.1 17.7 20.1 22.9 19.2 22.6 22.6 19.3 24.4 19.3 23.2 I *-H 1 2 is i !oo ! |8 i 20.0 17.5 18.0 21.8 12.1 18.4 16.6 17.1 20.6 17.7 15.6 21.6 16.7 22. 1 16.8 20.6 10.8 21. 1 18.9 15.3 18.0 18.5 18.5 NNN00 ^ OhNONNOOCO^O^ 88S8 2' SS2S$22SS?i28 to !ao H « :2 i; 21.6 15.2 14.2 ©©CS© © 00 00 0* O* ^ 00 r-t C* C* 1-H SS88 2 828S82SSSS3; oo ! © ! © 00 j 19.5 14.3 13.9 ■ON»N 9M^NHNfflMrtU5« sass s 888882828S8 h !« ! © © : 16.2 13.9 24.0 21. 1 19.6 22.8 16.9 15.4 15.5 21.1 23.4 17.6 11.1 17.2 17.6 24.6 19.0 16.9 MM OtOOCt t- •<»< e< oo r- e« oo oo «o •*< e* t-- SSSS 2 2*S8222S882 MM 25.3 20.9 20.7 25.3 16.0 13.4 18.4 15.9 17.0 12.9 16.1 11.9 20.2 17.9 16.0 11.6 j j i © 00 © -H © '■*^'<*<05 05©©©©^© 22238 23 22=32223^2223 : ; ! ©co©© ^©co©©©^©©©© 2-22 ri :2®“5---ic3SS2- ! ! ! Mil 1 II 1 1 II II 1 1 of the United i« if Table 18. — Enrollment , attendance , and membership in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State: 1953-54 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 -'o’iso’J ^8 S 0) O ^ w 1st!* ‘‘•IS** ass 05 05 8 §53 ss O C a Jo3'0 8 its 9+ fe s’ 0=3” Noo«^h cc co-^o><-2 ^^ooror»ooor CS^OOCOgOO^HCOrHCO?5oO Si WOO' 8 G I ◄*! u >> a (t^COO^Cb^COt^ >ooi-if5o5oo5»oc^ HiOW^OCCiONXaoCCQ OONQCCNXOWNIO^ OOi-HOO^rt•*-« OQ 3> § 8 ^ S us S3! to JT £l 2i«W £1S i ■< G ' H - J***IJS 0,2,2 ® a> ® ®J3 J2 ^ ^ o -SMSSSfcfco^ * < ’ 94.4 95.3 0*0 is i-H 92.9 82.7 2 98. 6 84.3 90. 1 90.0 81.7 83.6 86.7 91.1 88.7 81.9 00 00 OJ 00*0*0 1^ 00 o* 8 *0 05 *0 CO f-H O* CO oo <© S§|SSSS|S § 163.9 o>noo>-' o^o6>oe3Tro®qo«c>d 127.0 148.8 168.8 ! ig 181.1 166.7 180.0 177.7 179.7 174.9 175.5 180.0 172.9 176.6 176.5 170.5 176.8 176.3 172.0 180. 1 176.2 180.0 180.7 174.1 174.7 177.3 172.0 174.4 176.0 178.0 191.0 s is i I ini s s' j§‘ i ; i|‘s's" 5 §11 Sg ill i i tfgSt SS : i §1 is «%h- :< §1 Sg i is i i isss § tf \ S : i \m § ! ! ! jj“ m ns si- i i 551 i=s ilS i i . CO 1943-44 ® 19, 603 4,560 217 140 518 58 540 1,587 1, 372 81 48 5,768 951 569 383 283 831 388 531 200 100 1,001 98 433 7,083 o 1 N ** O 8 o ISS to 256 149 630 67 635 1,920 1,668 100 56 6,463 e»gicocot©»oo>Trcser ■^co oj m yr co es ^ to ^ 1919-20 16, 150 4,122 205 116 520 53 476 1,362 1,266 73 50 5,213 956 457 406 310 521 395 531 233 128 809 99 369 5,413 | 368 326 27 166 467 » 343 256 175 * 260 474 356 1909-10 cd 1 g 3,310 2 147 107 444 50 324 1, 123 1,001 61 52 4, 464 to CO 4, 156 S88S Issisgig 0061-6681 10, 633 2,637 (Ngctot^oor^ior^t^ 180 ‘f 2£ 2 £? *2 *2 00 ° •*< to oo o 1 3,359 SSaB*g838S* I ** s <30 2,036 ^fOO^C^COCOCOTfCO 3, 188 538 342 306 243 i 282 127 385 146 21 549 48 200 2,594 §§8Sg§88|i| i 1879-80 w 6, 144 1,825 5§§ss§is®j 2,452 ? gSS&SgSgSg i 1870-71 i N s 1,628 3SpSS obfi *jg Q.J Table 20. — Students and employed personnel in public summer elementary and secondary schools , adult education. community colleges , by State: 1953-54 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 O o> |S S3 a os 'O’O a 5 c9 fl 2*5 o « 3§ g-fl s If I gf* M •S«g ©•o a ■2 ® § •S'S'g §3j? SjCG 03 ||| all S > 3 bfi g a ® O U S^-i is® ® gg 'O ® o a e8 3 . , •2gt? Ill CO CO CO §1® 5 bb © is's S fto ! £ a W § a o o ►* £ H S 5 *< e « 5 ° a o a a: OPh o Q 03 W 3 H 03 •J O 5§ -<0h "O’® II a H fl s| |~j og Q.“ I ® — c 3 g 3* § fc h .2* c a 13 a „ xs §b O 03 a g t» § o5 «N(NMN 8% 00 CO »0 » is Is ssss b> CO N Tf Q O ^ *£ O © ■*« J § W M IgtilJ uili il i|jj|ilti S8^:sSlo.ltj|2|l0S §|2“|| £hCh°^^0^ hiSSo CN 00 t^-05 South Carolina _ _ - . I _ _ ' _ ' _ ' _ _ ' . ' . ' 10, 254 ' 608 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 Table 21. — Selected data on the pupil -transportation and school-lunch programs , by State: 1953-54 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 a ■< ►j « j o o o o« WPh OspOONt-rteC^ II N ION! COOONlftPNNHn « CM u> a> 03,0 P3 »- >> Si^gSSM < a a”~ ^COWOOOOCOO 05CC05WW0005^ CDONTfHOO^OO co co05 ©< © 1-H C co e* d < CO i-h CO » pli!|!!i!ll !*!3|j:p-§|§! e0«0 05C0 05*H(3SON ^ oo oi o4 co* co co iiOO5t^io^r^ioco^ocoTf»o b£ ^ I gS&aSSS* g 8 ag g o 2 a > w &£ §,a O (NMOTT5 IS'g S 1=1 £ z Jr o Ph (n©§cnS©05ooc§ ClOO»OOOOOCOrHN OOO^COO(N05kCCOCOOOCO OO^NNOTfObHNN COC5COC5^t^O © ^ CO »-h iO CO 00 i-H i-H II CO *0 CO CO IlflUUil Zo*- B'o c3‘SST3 fc’S’oS 3 Z o M ^ llslisll-ll |PllS|5°p Zo 00 £ £ CO ® %s h , OiH co . T3 rtlS 0*2 w aj §2 2p.g-g ^ 3-§ 3 S O ^ a w a^ p. 1^05 322 ofco~ g-s- ONNHHOiCCCO © Tfioddco^NN^ as CO^W^(NiHCOClW s^3 5 Qg^ZZZPntf > a S H Z3 « 1-1 o z jS i « "3 £ 5 03 ,£3 1(20 2.5«'2-e5w‘s"o;3« ^3 > C o C t.-- oi slwiiizzo^ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 o2 . >>£ g- Ilfs ) be O a w' 3 i s g Kl s i|sa S tf£J 2 ® ® a ^P- 33C — -5 JS'3'3 05 2 to o c c^ - n "d o > ^ 'd ?=i ** — c. 2 'o'S •2 a « © 5 •§ aw -2^ ©3”? -5=5 ^ ® © c S ^ c3 o w gf h| ■s|^ a? - ^ © *1 2 u ac^S °^2 S2 n j. ©'a a« «io « a o|*22a ©&|.|-§© i i “l §1 £E-aGZ>5 Table 22. — Summary of revenue and nonrevenue receipts and beginning balances , by State: 1953-54 [In thousands of dollars] 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Revenue and nonrevenue receipts, by source Other revenue sources * - 20, 258 6,683 1,823 1,727 78 527 1,311 1,217 2,154 1 ' i iQiiO ' >0) 05 II cC 1 ® 1 I 1 « « | j 08 | e§ S3 1,360 1 196 49 Local O 6,061, 798 1, 796, 050 109, 548 25, 442 157,119 21,202 274, 678 848, 675 322, 101 21, 782 15,503 2,151,370 486, 080 164,310 173, 462 79, 289 293,580 139, 909 133, 172 54,127 18, 149 408, 476 34, 527 166,290 1,040,276 | 16, 047 43, 945 7, 306 40, 274 Inter¬ mediate (county. etc.) 0) 8 i 4, 354 ' ^ ' J 64,163 307 586 1,560 21,914 947 8, 968 10, 574 5,868 6,903 57 379 6, 100 118,401 ss? is © o ■ 1-H . TfT »-H J CO State QO 3, 008, 868 590,772 16,847 7,515 32,105 1,195 28, 941 309,963 186, 853 3, 765 3, 588 809 ‘0*9 74, 933 67, 811 18, 613 23,986 197, 787 66, 925 49, 908 3,949 8,293 98, 823 3, 754 25, 826 1,145,245 69, 907 28, 708 23,307 90, 828 Federal w e* 5g W 42,256 2,992 987 7, 515 1,141 6, 249 9, 758 10, 139 2, 577 899 73,389 8, 470 5,884 3, 533 6,098 14, 573 6, 409 8,248 2,152 879 11,355 1,475 4, 313 152,820 1 10, 317 7,592 489 9, 102 Total ce 9, 690,856 2,440,115 131,210 35, 670 196,738 23, 617 314, 750 1, 169, 707 519,093 28,124 21,206 2,931,685 569, 790 238, 873 197, 168 131, 287 506, 887 222, 521 202, 287 66, 095 34, 224 519,600 40, 135 202, 817 2,464,557 108, 683 80,938 31, 297 174,767 Total balances on hand, beginning of year CD e*s e* Si N 337,774 f 1,203 72, 185 195, 292 58, 805 8, 330 972 £ 00 136, 791 86,006 67, 303 24, 537 135, 103 66, 201 108, 408 22, 995 17, 621 150, 455 20, 245 62, 193 352,448 7, 057 10,805 3,742 42, 310 Total non¬ revenue receipts 1, 824, 004 1 1 Hi 2,611 63,431 302, 372 53, 734 CO 633,310 138, 956 30, 632 45,900 27, 739 116, 353 54,502 39, 898 2,664 5,179 131, 622 4, 571 35,293 405, 416 6,955 19, 371 4, 805 23, 618 Total revenue receipts e* N 3 § a© 1,974,065 94, 444 32, 384 196, 738 21,006 251,319 867, 335 465, 359 28,124 17, 356 2,298,375 430, 834 208, 241 151,268 103, 548 390, 534 168,019 162, 389 1 63, 431 29, 045 387, 978 35, 564 167, 524 2,059,141 101, 728 61,567 26, 492 151, 149 Total amount available w § 2,777,889 131, 210 36, 658 196, 738 24, 820 386, 935 1,364,999 577, 898 36, 454 22,178 3,829,545 706, 581 324, 879 264, 471 155,824 641,990 288, 722 310, 695 89,090 51,845 670, 055 60,380 265, 010 2,817,005 115, 740 91,743 35, 039 217, 077 Region and State Continental United States - Northeast - - - Connecticut _ _ _ Maine _ A/f QccoohiicnH’C New Hampshire _ New Jersey . . - . ... New York _ Pennsylvania _ j : : ' s ; 5 4 c } o 1 ;> North Central _ _ _ Illinois _ _ Indiana _ Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas _ Michigan _ _ _ Minnesota _ _ _ _ _ Missouri _ _ Nebraska _ _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ _ _ _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin.. _ _ South . . Alabama _ Arkansas _ _ Delaware. _ _ _ Florida _ _ _ _ Florida _ _ _ _ .| 217,077 I 151,149 I 23,618 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 771 233 389 326 9 1,617 83 9 270 1,548 822 134 CO 2,673 342 254 |8 jS > i • 888838&I83H § a’s's'sWs'tfsgsg s 1, 074, 103 44,692 673, 797 75,467 26,383 20,862 12,352 5, 833 83,663 36,905 88 ill lie '3 s :l is ! 2 IS j* li: ! ao ; ;r^ : : : g k 4, 145 18, 103 7, 002 5,312 11,047 4,063 Si i i i sr-r : j : 92,806 34, 229 84, 656 38, 853 26,050 122,097 53,118 103, 711 65, 408 197, 291 63,307 50,970 632, 244 16, 717 384, 750 15,412 7, 240 11,436 4,708 33, 593 32,642 21,680 97, 377 6, 690 5,947 3 i i s : : slSIliiSSsil 3 f-*t>Toro^w«t-*odN2« w E & 888188888 15,684 3, 141 2,154 3,246 883 o «T ssissassssss s 3SggE=8§S§§8 « 1,854, 499 67. 934 1,121,355 101,626 41,267 45, 369 18,890 45, 857 124, 786 61.934 200,860 24,623 9, 673 3,468 1,896 22, 051 40, 037 755 sass is 225S la 10, 369 5,583 10,751 79, 210 46, 454 12, 259 1,408 546, 255 iiisiiSsi 41, 585 4,448 s i : -r : j aassassssses i 319, 228 12,561 214, 218 17,180 8, 709 9,100 16, 249 9. 382 22,043 4,268 §§2sg§sigSf8 i sssssssassss s 1, 535, 271 55, 373 907, 137 84, 446 32, 558 36, 269 13, 370 45, 857 108, 537 52. 552 178, 817 20,355 9, 673 3,468 1,896 22, 0.50 40, 037 755 88SSS3ESSSIS 1 * 2,400,754 90,938 1,465,940 173, 070 46, 688 56, 727 22,391 58, 095 148, 833 (>6. 557 242, 445 29,071 9, 673 3,468 1,896 23, 662 40, 037 755 Georgia . . - . - Kentucky - - Louisiana . . . Maryland . . Mississippi.. - Oklahoma _ South Carolina.. . Tennessee.. . Texas - - - - - Virginia _ _ _ _ West Virginia - - - District of Columbia _ : i Arizona _ California . Colorado - - - Idaho _ Montana. - - - Nevada.. . New Mexico _ _ Oregon . Washington _ Wyoming - - - - . . Outlying parts of the United States: Alaska _ Canal Zone . Guam _ Hawaii.. . -- Puerto Rico - Virgin Islands _ _ [In thousands of dollars] 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 q> e £ Other revenue sources Gifts 2 2,410 183 ;S i i i l i l i i i 1 l 1 1 « 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i 1 l i i i i i 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i l i i l l ■ i i i i til . ill i i i i i i i i i i i 2, 226 Tui¬ tion and trans¬ porta¬ tion fees from pa¬ trons GO 17,848 6,500 1,823 1,727 78 527 1,311 :3 • O 2, 154 04 i i i © lO i i © i © 00 1 1 1 © 00 1 1 00 1 00 04 1 1 1 CO CO » 1 00 1 04 III 11 1 5, 591^ Total * QO {I 3 s| 18 CO 1,823 1,727 78 527 1,311 • Is* 1 o3 2, 154 04 i i i © iO i i © i © 00 1 1 1 © 00 1 1 00 1 00 04 1 . i CO CO 1 1 00 1 04 918 ‘L Local Z OOONOO Vt^'ooect^’to'orcoodcoec'o t-CHNOHe-t OJ TeoTir®c»TirraoN®ro eo 86,772 IllsiilSIiS 21 i efrf ; SIS w®~ gSISg ISilSslisll i s's'8s§gs's'sssa2|3s g 1, 535, 271 55, 373 907, 137 84, 446 32, 558 36, 269 13, 370 45,857 108, 537 52, 552 178, 817 20, 355 9, 673 3,468 1,896 22,050 40, 037 755 Alabama _ Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ Kentucky... - Louisiana ... _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee. _ Texas _ Virginia _ west Virginia - District of Columbia _ West _ Arizona _ _ California _ Colorado _ Idaho _ ivioniana _ Nevada _ New Mexico _ Oregon _ Utah _ Washington _ Wyoming _ Outlying parts of the United States: \laska _ ij Hawaii _ Puerto Rico. - - | ; z 1 I H •si if II II lg ^>5 399804 0-57- Table 24.— Percentage distribution of revenue receipts from Federal , State , intermediate , local, and other sources , by State: 72 \ BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Other revenue sources Gifts e|e i i i i i i i i i i Tuition and trans¬ porta¬ tion fees from patrons 0.2 CO © 1.9 5.3 ^ cs ! 1 < O | ■o i i i . ■ cs • C^ Total « II eo •II ' 03 CO fHlO ^ w e* ! !< i 1 1 © *H .1 .2 .2 1 '• csi ! cj Local £ O p» || co co i-H ^ c* »o ! rH lO i i 1.1 ! oo ! 03 c ;£^ S ’ O CO CO '' ' * CO rH : j Taxa¬ tion and appro¬ pria¬ tions s CO 76.8 68.4 72.4 88.1 83.7 57.5 57.7 76.8 67.1 65.0 80.6 64.1 81.5 49.8 44.4 50.1 «•! /b.S 42.2 70.0 84.2 78.2 Total 2! 54.7 67.5 ao a> oo ^* co , t>*COt'-QOOOCO|OI>-' 67.1 66.1 to c* ec oo oo -x** - gsssssis; i*z** Intermediate (County, etc.) Other* 2 ° £ j® 1 | j" ! ! 1 ! 1 ! “? ■ l ■ rH I III l Taxa¬ tion and appro¬ pria¬ tions * II - I®. | • | 2.7 .1 .3 1.0 21.2 .2 5.3 6.0 CO 00 '• CO *'§*£ j” Total a 3.1 ! ® ! ! ! 2.8 .1 .3 1.0 21.2 .2 5.3 6.5 05^0-CO State Other o 0.9 0.2 1 CO :£~S££ i £ Per¬ ma¬ nent funds and endow¬ ments o» 1 "1h inh i ! ! 2.2 .1 .7 10.0 2.9 .1 030HNH to !_• • School lunch1 it* j =|: lOCOiOt^^O^OOO rH csi (N oi rH r-i I-H i-i 2.9 1.4 CO CO >-i 05 CO (M Ci NN«h»N 'OOiMOON! r4 . eo ■ *h oo oo ec i-i ei —i oooioa os' «d t-‘ ci * v 5 05oa>05-H^H'«<'<»,>o-»OOfcOOiOOi-« OhOtO^rtNH^HCO SSSSSSSSSSSS a-« C*—l . 05N • * :«n • s- :ss >•-•« g »N * = S- ;?s: *o ©coeo»o t»* csi oo JO g> eo N rf © 05 * -rH * HhOJ • •«££«£ hh : •£ • •■*£ -^r<5(MuoaiM<-iro>o05 8*3tis&£832i£ -**d •« ' e< ei « 1-4 ed os ' oo -HMNMrioONWNCj 88 «S td-iai^^od -* ei -* w ci «6 Federal cash contribution, plus value of commodities distributed. 3 Less than 0.05 percent. a Includes revenue from permanent funds and school lands. Note.— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Table 25. — Nonrevenue receipts from State , intermediate , and local sources , and beginning balances , by State: 1953-54 [In thousands of dollars] 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Balances on Hand, Beginning of Year For serial bond interest and redemp¬ tion US | mu i i lO 05 *0 OS 28 *-H 00 H( © For cap¬ ital out¬ lay a 202,615 710 53, 512 144 .144 : isigll i 5 ' 00 i-H ' r ! co ' i 1 1 • i i i c 1 1 ° 4, 259 77, 205 <30 of US 11 cnTf-T For cur¬ rent opera¬ tion eo 135,159 - 00 1 CO ot i oo i os n- '05 ' CD O i i 2S 58,805 4, 436 817 05 ! 0 N- i Cl CD i 0 CO ' T 0 00 CO SSS 5 r* s 23 05 O 2S Total balances N 2, 134 336 337, 774 i i • 00 1 CO US c< :S ' ! fH cf U i i n- a i i 58,805 8, 330 972 897, 860 136, 791 86, 006 67, 303 24, 537 135, 103 66,201 108, 408 22, 995 17, 621 150, 455 Nonrevenue Receipts Local Short¬ term loans and other 3 CO as s' 75, 836 05 1 1 00 ' N CD ' ' ' C* h • ICO • c Oil • C£ ii iC - N- ' us CO IS? S O'l-T IH CD 9 CO • *0 19, 266 7,249 -1 lOuftif IO^O> - ;OOt-NOONO — T ! I CO 00 >0 iH lO o . co 25 r>- o* ^ r o iff o oT co c^T s s 00 t>- CO «<9 00 88SS3S3 < co cc < > 25 . ' Soi ■^Tfsoto cs §S§33 »C OS Ci 2E82 »C iO CO r-H O* CO co oT ‘OOWOCOOONCOOOCONCONHOO ‘OOCOCOTfFHO^OWO’t^OOOO^ O500 t^C^Tj« COOO^»OOX)(X)HNN CO c^gcoooT jog'oco" HNO»C00O ojco^c rHN(N(NiQ(N 05 ^ »0 ( N»COOOO»O^OCON. N CO ^ N oo" On!/ co" »o H ’ H CO t'- 05 *o cs >^c0i-jooc^t^r^c^05f i^iOOiOOOh (NN( INOOON^-^O^I ss: 05 CO £ cooT^odaTcoooco^o^o'co* S2888® SS38 U5 CQ H NH W5 /— COON of^t^oo oTiO' wco aTeiV 1-H CO t>- Oi »o e* »CH>0»05' JONO^VO’ 05 CO 00 co 00 1 •OO^NOC 05 CO 00 CO *o CO Oi sis! s s $ ■ 3SSgg88 3S3! mNHNHlO^Nwdl io w«c aT ■ «.s 0 2 : JiSS. gcfltSoSOjgoSoa * § |2 “>5 “ 05 «0 i ; > •g P So Afifsil S o > o C od'iS _ 'S s m S3 fe « ' S’SftC ® 2 2 <§ S £ £ §>•§ <« c 'C8So55®®®«^^ M •• B 8 ►L®-g 3-® 0 :3 i H > Included in local. * Data not available. Note.— Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Table 26. — Summary of expenditures for public schools , by States: 1953-54 [In thousands of dollars] 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 In¬ terest GO 153,884 43, 749 2,642 331 201 6,503 27, 973 5,930 170 44, 366 o>o>aoc*co-*«r^usus *-4usoust^-*rr^r^*H ©O5^cD^O>C0USC0 c^%4^csTcococsf Capital Outlay r* 2,055, 178 543,446 28, 775 5,045 39, 314 2,335 56, 386 357,906 48, 708 2,699 2,279 573, 929 125, 636 29, 776 33, 497 8, 877 113, 336 54, 917 41, 467 7,227 2.652 Current Expenditures Com¬ mu¬ nity col¬ leges 4 C© e*s 1 3 S 246 i i N i 09 i i i i i i 00 > US i i i i 1 II 583 974 5,805 732 Adult educa- tion U5 1 1 S 10, 475 413 51 2,285 76 673 6,867 73 38 16, 842 «0 i i U5 i 8 : :8 : — ! lefr-T ! ! Sum¬ mer schools 1,690 263 i • US . CO i i WN i ' i 00 • • it i ii 802 525 Com¬ mu¬ nity serv¬ ices 3 €*S 30 1 W M | 9,497 ■ IHO) I CO CO CO i i ^ CO iC*5N i ' CO CO 09 00 II 1 3,571 i i i N O i i i i i 00 © i ' i Full-time elementary and secondary day schools Classified as to object Other school serv¬ ices3 ** us ] 00 r- w 5 1 143,249 5,659 3, 540 18, 901 2,069 17, 279 49, 159 43, 144 1,914 1.585 165, 378 31, 339 18, 919 13, 857 9,796 20. 755 14,104 13,870 2,705 1,912 Fixed charges s S 1 e* CO 168,535 6, 445 2,041 8,100 1,554 17, 211 76, 336 55, 028 693 1.127 94, 700 21, 347 10, 374 5,417 2, 324 13, 272 4,764 5, 853 2, 956 1,089 Main¬ te¬ nance of plant 30 I s 71, 722 3, 835 1,106 8, 619 490 12,545 23,139 20,286 961 742 95,201 17, 752 8,024 6,857 3,979 14, 275 5,743 6,964 3,331 1,269 Opera¬ tion of plant !>• C© j ** ** CO 1 167, 834 9,003 3, 251 20,383 1,844 23, 188 64,417 41,228 3,030 1.490 229, 612 44, 225 28, 645 13, 084 9,209 37, 610 17,309 12,928 5,802 3, 227 Instruc¬ tion 00 11 s ^ 1 1,152,253 64, 443 19, 879 126, 700 11,963 152, 872 471, 779 277, 740 18, 075 8. 803 1,337,806 250.488 122, 510 79, 936 65, 420 223, 851 93, 788 93, 528 40,684 20, 280 Ad¬ min is- tra- tion us © to 72,460 3. 370 1,055 7,111 1,105 10,544 24, 344 23, 202 935 795 88,175 MdOBCOTfwQBOiN ssssssiss oo co co us oo <£ co *-T Classified as to pupil cost allocation Not allo¬ cated to pupil costs 1 CO i o CO 126 1 1 t CO lilt i i i O i i i • Allo¬ cated to pupil costs US x S S r» CO 1,776, 053 92, 755 30, 872 189, 814 19, 025 233, 639 709, 174 460, 628 25,608 14 542 2, 010, 746 383,164 192, 114 127, 059 94, 014 325, 371 143, 829 139, 481 59. 027 28, 924 Total current expend¬ itures for ele¬ mentary and second¬ ary schools 6, 790, 923 1,776, 053 92, 755 30,872 189, 814 19, 025 233,639 709, 174 460, 628 25,608 14 542 2, 010, 872 383,164 192, 114 127, 059 94,014 325, 497 143,829 139, 481 59, 027 28, 924 Total current expend¬ itures for all schools (4+13+ 14+15+ 16) « 6,883,387 1, 796, 534 93, 168 30, 923 192, 602 19, 440 234, 654 723, 977 461, 504 25, 687 14 584 2,040,181 383, 164 193, 644 127. 642 94,988 335,883 146, 685 139, 481 59, 932 28,924 Total Expend¬ itures for All Schools (3+17+ 18) 09 ** g O oT 2, 383, 729 124, 585 36,299 231,916 21, 976 297, 543 1, 109, 856 516, 142 28, 386 17 naa 2, 658, 476 520, 819 225, 379 162, 907 106, 517 455, 395 205, 546 183, 325 67, 734 31, 891 Region and State - Continental United States _ Northeast - - - Connecticut.- . . . Maine _ _ _ Massachusetts.. . New Hampshire - New Jersey.. . . - New York--- . -- Pennsylvania . - Rhode Island _ North Central . ■ < t Indiana _ Iowa - - Kansas. - - Michigan.- . . Minnesota _ _ Missouri . . . Nebraska _ North Dakota _ 10, 927 327 1,326 37, 111 isassiia jSi <-T ef .-T i-T ^ .C9*- STATE SC] ISSSS* M 4 CO -4 ! 28,657 g 0L SYSTEI §ilSi§ss r-T c US, -4 to COCO II II 75 CO CO to i i ■h tO COCO ii 123, 447 4,660 28, 437 486, 522 9, 965 13,584 8,593 38, 424 20,232 5,474 35, 821 49, 317 5,558 41, 118 21, 594 52, 184 21, 375 78, 418 62,001 19, 872 2,991 451, 281 18,800 282,635 24,746 7,457 6,649 5, 553 10,000 dd, BO* 13, 908 44, 934 2,714 987 897 390 2,007 1,482 12,093 | j j® i i i N t''- ■ O' i i i CO *-H i i • i ^ 05 ii- ! ! | csT 2,930 to 1 1 1 to 1 , Oj> i i i ZD i i iii ii i i ^ ill I o l 1 o 1 II IH ! ! || i *-4 i CS 8 ;S 540 1C 1 to • 1 1 is M LI m 911 11,771 11, 220 393 i OO i i II i ^ o: I to 1 1 II 1 GO 00 23,635 2,825 11, 661 182,008 10, 821 6, 453 1,892 9,114 16, 788 10, 185 19, 949 10, 368 9,943 11,726 6, 074 9,973 12, 039 25, 356 12, 989 7,649 687 83,150 3,274 39, 534 5,600 3,884 3,666 559 4, 073 X, ZU4 3,103 9, 283 1,970 511 32 81 1,431 8, 458 19, 113 663 7,528 98,913 5,595 1,251 409 3, 919 6,904 2,794 11, 116 7. 454 4, 917 10,468 2, 972 5,459 5, 623 18, 497 4, 880 4, 431 2,224 84, 104 2,349 55, 742 6, 336 1,669 1,428 1, 137 1,585 5,099 834 7,102 824 213 111 2$ -» is o OS ^ g a oft5 Ot © Gfi -G I| 1 -"g 3 ° © 2 gg- *s S5 | 1% g H'g « U XJ © a '. T5.= W G « H © © s > 8fe c OT "•g a o cb §1 •S a I £ co cn D- o i> g © 2 oS jfg §G ■§- sa -S© 2 = ■gs §« ? > J3 >. If >•§ »5 £ e “1 -gg r 2 s. ii .ii i®|g,g ■g^s I5P3 £rt t a® RRCs* ’©«*'© ,2 C C © C O -rir! 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 e <55 * s? 0 Q 3 * I ■s 0) w 5 « S/5 *3 s e fi .0 8 = "5 ?? -0 Ov S/5 "2 e k *2* §.©£?& * S § 2 w«Ea STBS | a>°g B-S-tso. GO «8 |li« a||l „ © a os a'O 2 © 0.2 S-o 2 OQflO Is O M © e9 s ©5 g a > o § 2‘S'O & 3 +3 g * © ’O li SIS &2f x— 2 w © e „ ^ ° o III! hco g 3 ■“ QJ g|^ic „ 3 « C O Eh ©£ «'*’ :8 OOOiOJNHONCO iO 00 »-h 05 CO 00 00 ’ '°S§°?3S???CC< OOCOW005NOSO 0282053^3*^2 oicor^^oococo^ao o* lO rH a>-^C C SOlO »-H FHlNWNNONfHN II 05 1-H rH f-T t>r CO »fc f-H O ^ GO - s M<00O5C^O500^^CO O *-T h i-T^co n > SSS 8 ! ^ 00 CO *c CO ^ c 5 CO 05 *C Tf 1 ^ CO CO icoo505C^Qoor^r^ioiog5 5^COCOTfiO'^05COCOCOO* ^COiO^OOCOkO^Oi-HCOi-Ht^ -J |s is 40 Ip TT*** ' CQ 'rt i tg*ji j •55 «? § i.isi^i § & \imt CC^^>>C’CP O ®3o3j2x:S®fe* C3 2 ? ? f c ° u C=>CuC|fl I ©^^©©©©■C© E SS^ 3 © C o%2zzz£k> g sSSmSSSz* o STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 in 260 130 kOI 061 6 61 % : 150 CO OO • ■ i lOiftN i i i i I 210 138 130 1,938 298 114 637 159 110 163 216 200 511 89 So 46 1,226 60 33 97 39 38 104 38 78 112 40 11 36 52 l li i -1 lift I ' Tf 1 O ■H • C* ■ ■ • CO 5 ^ 456 ifggg i i CD IH r-i 7 ft T* »ft e* 1 T-4 U :£c Ijs ; 1,400 05 cd c* " »ft ift -rfi i • i HOONHWN ^ 00 Ift Tj< ©CO 72 1 488 289 175 355 599 291 1,151 317 219 413 367 254 1, JU/ 1,174 166 2,674 79 1,528 71 60 197 86 129 247 94 132 50 S 00 co 809 815 417 2,667 1,344 625 1,788 655 433 908 711 906 758 2,032 1,686 323 6, 551 207 4,044 231 134 294 166 256 518 178 324 199 1 ill i 3 ! ! ! ^ ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO • 1 1 1 1 1 CO 77 2 i i ^ i 1 1 CO • 1 1 1 1 1 1 142 ! '< 1 8 i i i i 05 CO 8 i i?S ig'0 is ,1 i C* | 00 1 . . -'6 M 3 O 02 <» co-*©*o-«^. o co ’> s-. ° m H •§!§ >> W. to fl-ss Sag 3 « 2 rt « o ^ 3 co j|| oS| CO C^CDN»ON CO O CO rH S3SSS sg's'iss .9 rt *- n Ph sills cOofeoo-T co oc co co r^- o6owho CO CO CO tT a o 3.2 co > ISIS s- CONHHO)C9 00^C9 OI^OOrHrHI^CSCOOO «T II - iS33$3§BiS31 S' SR S s' 3 3 S S' 2 S S' I =§ 5 3 +J " CO fc. o £ o> -w . COOSOCJCiOSO^CO Tt<00^0i00l^t^000 SlllSISIlSSi SgSS'|g§?8S'sg •s a j 2 g 2? d 3 3 * £ > CO +J - loi1S3£!?«g - « SlStfctS'Sg D 3 ««® «jc « 3 g g ■STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 iisiiisisisiisii s IIS -S3- IllliSs re re 1!-|: sis ssss S8* a sgs iiSisie ef J 13 SSS! § ret-' IlSSSllsg - «- 8| sT§ ei m SSS3 I ci- SIS 8 Ills S3S|3 SI 82 sg 111 — •“S3 ESS 288 S3SS3 w-^-VhVoo IglllllSilll SSS“S£'*SS8‘SS» SIS 1 3** 2 lillliSSI ssss-ssass IIEII usvr^-jooo Sl-lllllsllg n~ VrfV-rfV ofw~ 111 g ret-'®' - SS1EISSSS eOt-T^T e$VeiV" Sssla 13122 sss § IIS I i'ei‘we4'«<9cf SiSSilS I §§111188111 ^-^,_,%h\h’Vh « «»n-hnhn«nh lassill g sgllllSSSIS WMNNMMrf V Tp-Tp-« « TP* tp‘« TP P5 SliSSSS I lillllSsfsis »«T SS 11 -H-»o^co^ooo5'^‘ocooo‘0c0’'u<*o r-T co co~ os co~ co i-h »c ^ co *o of 5 ?$ csft>T 5S5o t^»C- ( *o o c MNhO SOS *0 CO Ol OS of *o of of NJOOiHQQOlO-H^iOOOCCOOl^ COOS^r^iO»OGO^gQcO^H^»OcOCOOS OS»Ct^COfcOCO»O^H05c0^fi-«0^’^CO^ lOrf ^OS »C OS »C CO ^ t^fof CO V > ^ O • O* Q iSS :SS :S o5 co co i *o ) o< co oi co ;g$& 2 iii S5S?g:238!2§$38££88g$ OOT»«OO^t>.FH05COOSNOOSOCOO^ " oT of of CCO^OSCOOOSOOSI O* OOOCO 3 S 8 os Q <5 GO 25 co 2> os *c co gs os co os gs co os c 3 CO 00 oocS §8o* CO 3> i 3S of of of of »C 0**0 0* > ^ CO t>- I CO r-t SSSo8SSo8$ CO OS IO CO co ^ooco OS r-f : : 1^2 jp ^•agaggs c/2 55 S ^ "2 "Su 3 ’w ’>,•2 53 .5 .c 92 mC^ b 3-aSo8j5§5goagggis® p o CO g? ass mu! t Nil i 53 fe e# 2-» ft* 2 ^ 55 IS g>3 a 6 i 1-3 all „ O ill Cfl T3 CQ a> a> , 'd'o 3 2 u CJ O s- 22 0 * - z X ® • 111 >2® ’O'O fc, * o ’O’O’*- 3 3(8 ««ts 22c 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 £ 8 ■§ ft ^ 81? "8 On g^ g-C* * "8 £ - & to E. .© = a, tS5 •O £ 03 ^ S2 Ih 55 CO a ©■o a« o« m w © to„ ala I'se 2 3 M 3«g VO D< °® u b sg.5 © 2 o •2 © 8 OS > © 03 CO S'S’g T3 .2 cs §Bb ®CQ cS 3 © s 25 § .2 o,| ja © 8 > 3 =05 8 a b**H £ c 2 ® § »a ax)*5 iSa § 5 s 8 s§* — “ CO fl §“>5 x ©5 ® J&S ISs fl59*r X) © G i- B o 2 ©*" § §> © B ©X3 W °*0 .2 85 G3 © Xi-c-e G+f © = 0 to £§§ O ^ 2Ba «s Q xr a-52 es o ?»_§ P& CO i 8 CO © >>© O §’ ^a aa ® a as a 2 s OT3 h® XJ © ja to 03 ® ® ii “o as £< a 05 CO 05 lsScc 3 Wh»CO«N( iJ I w ^ ..2 :?a l-O >• ‘ a : s g ©I w § > £ S « .© £ S £.§ S M'S £ S2SS8S3 S32S8S83 CM C£ CM CO CO riiaot'» a ©'^ = § ss-io B B © os' .2 2 © w U 5-5« ,0© CS C S)m>1.S2,G «a-2 s * £ * o ez.2 2 a « c^a-s g ..5^2'g g-3 a as Mo22v®®a=©w2g©SS12'GoCii:'2^o-2©o2s2 §0 ? STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 o D C a s £ Ss .2 § S | z c 3 =3 2 c £ B ' OJ T} 03 o , 'S I Table 34. — Expenditures for capital outlay , by State: 1953-54 [In thousands of dollars] 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 »0 FH “ s CO ^ O* C^l 05 OOO CO CO U5 C4 rt 1 o? ?4 "3 0 § Si ■§ t. 0°£°§ 5 Sfg 3 «.S o. I sis 9 •esssl ® S’g 3 ►7-5-1 c5 XI Piet g o a $2 .2 fl o 3 35 -o 04 CO CO S00- £®C 05 »-H HWOJCO COQCON »OONCO ■oVfTrf Si s^gpsi S§g2S§$?2gSggj o ^ co' 00 cf 00 oT »cT »-T f-T c g|j? p3,5 »C»O^IOOCOOOOJO> b^HCOOOOOON r^©C0C0C005t^<0C^ OcDNNONNt^tNNC Sr^C5t^co^O(Nio^c t^^OOCOOi^C^OTfe 6 |JlSlll!i I 4* jS*|gfl£ x |||SSl|g| 8 Sf I Sill'S S2 s s afiSMSSSfcfco o o i’i.S - SSB^^Ss-aiS ass as £ ■sg-i 3<1Q STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 n «n«t «r 28 8SSSS ■*eW 228 II 0»'V ISBSSS »-i i-T»— « ci SS8S « 28 Sil £ Q 4 jS 1 Table 35. — Capital outlay cost of publicly owned school plants completed and made available for use during the year , by organ¬ izational level , by State: 1953—54 [In thousands of dollars] 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 "S ■ T3 b d fl C o! S§b§ S'3* 51 GG C a b a sfsf co o s?s iNaTf ■'£ OC 1-1 Awh 3 c3 3 OKPn Combined elemen¬ tary and secondary us : i i u5 i hN • i of i »oco i i i to 8 55 88 i-t ^ ecT »o Second¬ ary 22, 138 1,367 988 84, 601 349 15, 030 7, 175 i 1 CO~ CO Elemen¬ tary CO 23, 554 3,269 3, 070 32, 322 1,334 18, 401 608 7,995 27, 003 7,516 Total e* 45, 692 4,635 4, 646 126, 403 1,683 38,554 17, 375 39, 875 16, 155 2,501 101, 709 39, 208 16, 604 4, 451 5 c p 3 e |b I" s/s Sc! > ^» tr> , , i liwilll :|12 o 55 PO« P o 1 Data for calendar year 1954. 2 For community college use. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 95 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education - School Housing Section Table 36. — Expenditures for debt service , by State: 1953-54 [In thousands of dollars] 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 £3 4) m T3 « 8% 8* O S-g £5 to S O 5 ll| oi“ S S? co -i *o IS t^QCOJ a« O g g £ OT g fc eg t g s £ «oVV )iON^NNH(N C^(N .COCO ila i •P. a ■ §315 SI liiii ^.S-S “a-gg sSS« g_2 C9_=2 o-c £ s£s92Jf~§s >,0 3 cfl g = csja § ® w £8 03 CO *o cT .2 03 .S -je'Oj* eo B|ll •s*a- JLa q.2 £ a w *7 i_ "-1 a>T? I«ags •8® §8- sss?: 00 CO 03 < 2S?' [8SS? 55 J'oc »oco ca , 1 .2 'S l^-al I jipifli i J» id|]HS S o w cJ‘§2^^^§°E rtspSfl'oScS-Q'C.S'S s g S^SMSSStefcO'S, o o c9 S £ a c3 9 £ £> 5 03 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 97 2 : i| ~ : :*r 111 Is !«“ ssggg lllflfllll ;*.jSSZo5: S§*3 i i® i aSI : i rr I CO • ■ • • • I i I 1 Ci I 1 • 1 1 • CO 1 1 » O • • • • l 1 CO • • !S i is is§ i il i i I III 1 till 1 • 1 CO CQ • t** 1 • 1 • 1 I I*® I3 1 I I 1 i |j : : | i i cf i iiss ii !® ggs 1 160 765 547 323 949' 394 569 346 i cO • 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 W * rH-«o« : : : © - IN 1 1 :ooo^ »»«»«««; 3 SgsSSEiSSgS 48.30 88. 38 39.84 19. 45 3.28 BkggkSSggggSSg s * 2.39 1.34 .98 1.27 .44 sasssssssssass 2 §SEsiiSSSESIii § 319.62 281.63 344. 90 279. 76 237. 81 327. 99 294.12 264. 71 336. 72 208.18 305. 42 329. 86 411.46 233.63 172. 10 225. 92 83. 72 ££S3£§§£SgSS;32S8 S kSjgSSsgsSkSSSSS S I 207.16 309. 07 216. 94 191.04 246. 40 268. 78 185. 34 263. 69 178.99 246. 88 267. 17 254. 81 236.99 129.62 186. 49 48.83 Delaware - - - - Florida . . . . Georgia . - . — . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana . - Maryland - - - Mississippi . . North Carolina . . . - Oklahoma _ _ _ _ South Carolina - - - . Texas . . . Virginia.. . . . . . - . West Virginia . . . - . District of Columbia - 1 = Arizona . California... . . . - . . Colorado . . . . . - . Idaho . . . Montana . . . . Nevada.. _ _ _ New Mexico _ _ _ Oregon... . . . Utah . . . . . . . - Washington _ Wyoming _ _ Outlying parts of the United States: Alaska _ _ _ - . Canal Zone. - - - - uuam _ _ _ Hawaii.. . . . . Puerto Rico . 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 oBcScOCOOO^iCOOCO assEsassssssssigs s ***151 ^SSilSSlallliS I CDa00cDWrHO5 0O»O OOOiCOC ssasssssls sr ‘ ■ 8S383SKS38 SSfcgSSSSSSKg 83S32sS33SKS8SS8;Sg 2 o »o So © 2 8 oo 8 8 3 »o S e$ »o © e$ 2 « © ££888888822888 c$ NOOOilCi 2 §3 £ £ 8 N CS ^ NCiNWN( Ste§2g§:2gg asississiiii d=iSS§sSg«§^iss $ QCDN W^NN C^ 00 00 ^ O* 00 i-t 00 CO C^ *-* CD (0500HH00 05 ONO>CNN»COOO - S288fc382n££288 s iMHOiiC»OHX > 00 CD 00 00 CO Tf« i22SS822?!;8£ S8S88282S8g888S828 3 238SS8328 22S388838£8£ 28882£2§s3S888gi83£ S §3SS8|8S8 288888828883 8388S88S8838S8S3 S 2gg£82S£8 283282£88388 8S8£S£SSg282S3S:S 8 88888|;£8§ S888££8fck282 88888888?$;!i8£38£8 £ 883288S323 882828888882 8823832228888382 8 SSggSS&jSSS 838823288888 £888388883883332 8 ibia. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 103 £S2S2g228f iS 2 :ggggJS!3S2£ i 22?23gS§SsJS£ sssssssssas SSSSSSSSESS S£38Sg2g£22 Sig££S2i:g82§g8 23232233838 gS2§8g|£|iSg| 399804 0—57 - 8 Table 40. _ Historical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary school statistics for the group of 18 States1 which maintained separate schools for Negroes: 1919—20 to 1953—54 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 105 Table 41. — Number of Negro public schools , by type , including 1-teacher schools , and number of Negro high-school graduates , by se*, in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes , by State: 1953-54 106 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 High-school graduates Girls •*< 36. 136 i 5, 117 1,202 110 1,994 2,855 608 2,712 1, 132 2,158 886 4, 964 605 i 2,486 » 1, 807 3,411 12,688 582 819 Boys n 24, 968 13,520 831 85 1,485 1,683 483 1,755 828 1,208 639 3,416 636 i 1, 517 i 1, 378 2, 877 i 1, 673 501 453 Total e* 61, 104 8, 637 2,033 195 3,479 4, 538 1,091 4, 467 1,960 3, 366 1,525 8,380 1,241 4,003 3, 185 9 6, 288 4, 361 1,083 9 1, 272 1 -teacher schools With 5 or more grades s 19 85 ! © 326 51 279 With 4 or fewer grades o ! woo ! I Tf< 1 1 1 s*° i 4 57 Total 0) m»oo co^e*©co lO HH © 94 79 289 326 55 336 106 Secondary schools Regular 4-year high QO p PI 1 20 9 376 110 Junior- senior and undivided high r* 606 124 2 90 6 30 10 8 3 - c 3 3 3 3 S ) 3 3 3 5 > « & g, ^ © o ^ O O’- OM ,c o- ?115 l?l| ® o ° ® i&ll |zlz "O 'O 3*73 3 'O g sii hi ifsi .2 ° u £ •S >*« © Sill *111 £333 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 107 .2c4 «3 « 8* -s S II :* :k 11 VS Si’S© c 2?£ g g & £ « QMg ® cat! I^lpal o*-ga g* c « « 2 g ®'St: -oS'gr C I *" 5 <3 i! =•? - ~ e° 'S'O ’S 2 o 'S©§£~ T3- s s SJ§ - - J£ s* Ill!! H » is £ St: i » ^ co (N^coococo 05 co »-h co co . co »o ^ oo tj- co u5 oa ?o e* co oo ) 05 *-h oo »-h ^»Chc5^ oocon-n-io n- co n. P i-TcsT f-Tf-Tf-T 1-T h" ^g- 1- °I ■CJ=£ o E w c3 a3^ O C3 c« 5 ^ ^ tx 2 '£ o •*-«»*-« ,c ^ ■©3.2*fe cssh r-ssg .2 u. <» .2 c* ® o2S5 Oi!:®® <1<£ 1 Guidance and psychological personnel are included with librarians. * Distribution by level estimated. Table 43 .—Negro classroom teachers, by level of instruction and by sex , in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes, by State: 1953—54 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Secondary teachers Women 13, 581 1, 771 569 68 1,129 1,155 316 956 701 730 219 1,123 356 991 416 1,294 1,100 178 509 Men a 3 at 1, 107 370 76 723 988 166 619 447 603 234 776 277 720 326 1,232 624 186 277 Total secondary o u at at N 2,878 939 144 1,852 2, 143 482 1,575 1, 148 1,333 453 1,899 633 1,711 742 2,526 1, 724 364 786 Elementary teachers Women Elementary (excluding kinder¬ garten) at i 4,583 1,696 210 2, 921 5,691 740 3,869 1,471 4, 856 1,241 5, 775 4,813 2, 092 4, 323 411 881 Kinder¬ garten (including nursery) a© II 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l i i tT* cO iO 00 CO i CO i i i i i ii 00 i • *. ^ NNOO iiiii ii N • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "3 o Eh 50, 000 4,583 1,696 214 2, 927 5,736 765 3,897 1,554 4, 856 1,314 5, 775 799 4,813 2, 092 4, 323 3, 286 411 959 Men 1ft 8 211 142 22 179 439 59 476 160 503 165 785 121 559 313 638 181 49 53 Total elementary I 1ft *t 4,794 1,838 236 3, 106 6, 175 824 4, 373 1,714 5, 359 1,479 6,560 920 5, 372 2, 405 4, 961 3, 467 460 1,012 Total elementary and secondary teachers Women 63,581 6,354 2, 265 282 4,056 6, 891 1,081 4, 853 2, 255 5, 586 1,533 6,898 1,155 5,804 2,508 5, 617 4, 386 589 1,468 Men e* 14,806 1,318 512 98 902 1,427 225 1,095 607 1, 106 399 1,561 398 1,279 639 1,870 805 235 330 Total w 78, 387 7, 672 2, 777 380 4, 958 8,318 1,306 5, 948 2,862 6,692 1, 932 8,459 1,553 7,083 3, 147 7, 487 5, 191 824 1,798 State - 17 States and the District of Columbia _ Alabama _ Arkansas _ - - Delaware 1 _ _ _ Florida _ Georgia _ _ Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana _ _ _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ _ _ Missouri . . _ _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ .. . . . South Carolina _ _ _ _ _ Tennessee A - - Texas _ _ _ Virginia _ _ _ West Virginia 1 . . . District of Columbia _ _ Distribution by sex estimated. Estimated. Distribution by sex and by level of instruction estimated. Table 44. _ Negro enrollment , by grade , in the 18 States which maintained separate schools for Negroes, by State: 1953-54 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 109 Grades 9 through 12 and postgraduate Post¬ gradu¬ ate a n j ; ; ; j ;2N : : : : Fourth year r- § : s' • §8113 slSi i IS I D s- N « N Tf 'o o ^ CO N ^ »G 05 CO CO ^ N H « »d eo n ^ *2 CO C o8 05 NhOh »0 CO N* CO & a X5 C W © 05 © to •*<’ 'to © 3 to 3 : o ~ © ; — O O O 1 o sz O JS ' © o .3 © ' fi B o “ ' J-aSs I fs 2 2 ® £ is *" !; m 3 © s o 3 © & o Si 03 3 ”3 g M» o « 3 © -3 3 a « « irt .e ■* ®. _; -r « O 1 £ .g.g 2 c -w £3 *■ cj u ca ci ‘•*013 « >> « >> -3 © _, >> — o3 >> ’O _ 32 S « 3 *0 -£ two 2 g 3 3 » — o ^ o o Pr_. r-^\ f-r- . A . 3 3 O « £ .3 g 1 W g J w 2 ” Is 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 1 it C bfi SB.S - S^'Os (II ’100-^ Z ’100) 0J89M I e* 90.6 94.6 93.8 91.1 90.0 89.5 O ' ' ' c* § i i is 91.7 95.8 91.3 t P r» (01 1034- I 9 103) 3ITRAV 1 o N 94.1 94.9 94.2 91.2 93.9 92.0 ■>» 1 1 1 eo S 1 I is 93.4 94.4 91.8 1 * If ^ bfl d c ©•53 >> =3TJ~ f -IOO-H a .pa) oaStejq Oi s 86.1 83.3 87.9 88.7 81.0 O* Mb O CO CO «5 080800 So 88.2 90.2 80.9 89.5 83.6 87.7 92.9 86.7 |l Ph £ g * §1 (8 1004- 9 103) oiiqM 00 88.4 88.2 86.7 89.4 85.4 90.6 oBoBSSoo 91.2 89.6 87.5 89.3 87.1 89.0 90.5 81.0 IS e Average number of iys at- ied per mpil irolled (» ‘100-5- 6 ‘103) oa3ojs[ 150.6 CO Mb CO 00 00 0> 05 Mb Mb - p (9 1004- 8 100) 3IRAV 3 177.3 175.9 173.3 176.9 180.0 180 0 171.8 180.2 180.9 170.3 182.8 OOOO^W 0 o> t» gg g 2 X ft,-® .g_£ Aggregate days mem¬ bership (thousands) oj39^ w 15, 829 1,592 23, 964 6, 495 35, 694 14, 392 S i i ii 5“ i i is 29, 629 H 10, 016 f! If . rs ® C8 « S| Oj30jq r» Mb oo ao Mb ©ft N 209, 388 83, 211 8,757 124, 830 222, 089 33, 586 180, 377 79, 143 214, 649 53, 613 251,214 32, 572 189, 849 105,628 180, 177 150, 949 23,836 52, 017 •2 e If 2-C ?! © tj aiiqM C© i s* r»* 406,298 273, 131 42, 246 416, 570 483, 623 477, 809 308, 266 307, 674 237, 579 545, 574 622, 951 400, 431 266. 801 533,941 1,209,750 465, 492 385, 878 39, 793 ©3 o JO JU90J9J Mb Mb W w 34.6 24.1 17.4 22.4 33.9 6.5 37.8 21.0 50.0 9.4 29.4 7.5 43.5 16.5 13.4 24.8 5.7 55.0 * * j & £ jaqumj^ «© s 00 Mb N 243, 140 99,844 9, 968 140, 779 274, 123 38, 517 208, 577 89, 984 263, 930 65, 962 284, 782 36,111 234, 529 118, 048 215, 465 172, 112 25, 646 60, 029 22S 11 I e*b 8,401,389 460,507 315,111 47, 237 487, 698 OOO, ouo 553, 051 343, 914 338, 308 263, 478 637, 705 683, 284 446, 989 304, 908 iSdfi 523, 165 426, 345 49, 106 o'.S H I^OJ, w Mb e* OD o 703, 647 414, 955 57, 205 628, 477 807, 631 591, 568 552, 491 428, 292 527, 408 703, 667 968,066 483,100 539, 437 716, 295 1, 604, 293 695, 277 451, 991 109, 135 Table 46. — Compar State - 17 States and the District of Co¬ lumbia _ Alabama _ Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida _ ueorgia _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ Missouri _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma South Carolina _ Tennessee _ Tpvas Virginia _ West Virginia _ District of Columbia _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 113 -3 S* S>£ t5 « e 2 ecn * -5 i £ * £rt So 'S'S IS $1 o >» »t; ® o Is NCO »h o S&S ) CO 05 i ^ ) 05 o co co c © CO C 25 o < §*3 sa gig 5 « g at° ■§& x g w£ 00 © »© Otf 00 looo® S os 8 53 oo 05 |>« 05 00 Hi 53 3 © sf&s OH05’ O co 00 ! O 05 O0 t Oi^OH r^^oToT o iri a>- lf§i« pill «— « *-* W Q_) ^ , O ^ •— » §2gf:| *°gg 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 49. — Estimated number of pupils enrolled and instructional staff in nonpublic ( denominational and nonsectarian ) schools , by State: 1953—54 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 115 Number of instructional staff Sec¬ ond¬ ary - 8, 838 345 113 189 631 400 848 1,183 888 623 274 211 167 490 998 827 229 422 5, 201 256 3,041 426 44 167 19 303 282 74 576 13 Ele¬ men¬ tary - 12,585 426 226 299 1,012 264 1, 194 2,131 1,416 314 415 354 222 416 2, 497 742 245 412 7, 480 239 4,313 563 105 366 33 431 523 80 757 70 Total * 21, 423 771 339 488 1,643 664 2, 042 3,314 2,304 937 689 565 389 906 3, 495 1,569 474 834 12,681 495 7, 354 989 149 533 52 734 805 154 1,333 83 Number of pupils enrolled Sec¬ ond¬ ary 116, 878 ©o* ©©r^ © © © © © 00 © ^ © © © © © CO © O* © 00 V ** r-T fC V oo co © of CO .-T tC - © © © © « © oo co oa ao co tj< © 00 © © Tt< © -h ^ ^ CO © CO 00 © CO co © ^ ©©'^f©'©©©cd©©k^‘©'^t'f©~©' irf »-l CS ^fXNr^ H XN r-H 303, 473 11,715 182, 282 21, 769 4,265 11,626 1,573 20, 020 17, 635 2,186 27, 679 2,723 Total N 583, 748 21, 493 8, 534 13,600 32, 454 13, 905 60, 111 107, 941 87, 119 16,238 11,963 14,406 7, 432 21, 395 100, 067 33, 576 12, 211 21, 303 379, 883 16, 149 221,684 27, 243 5, 015 14, 919 2, 524 22, 981 22, 101 2,813 41,506 2,948 Region and State 1 South . Alabama _ Arkansas . _ _ _ Delaware _ Florida _ _ Georgia _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ _ Mississippi- . . . North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ South Carolina. .. _ Tennessee _ Texas _ Virginia _ West Virginia. . . . District of Columbia _ West _ _ _ Arizona _ _ _ California— . . . Colorado _ _ _ Idaho _ _ _ Montana. . . . Nevada _ New Mexico _ _ Oregon _ Utah _ Washington _ Wyoming.. _ Number of instructional staff Sec¬ ond¬ ary 7 P9 W «T 19,926 1,828 508 3, 279 668 1,923 6, 316 4,638 471 295 15,158 3, 512 732 1,032 340 2, 376 1,123 1,200 446 218 2,680 176 1,323 Ele¬ men¬ tary ce 84, 951 33,974 1,530 1, 064 4, 669 580 4, 252 12, 791 7, 817 978 293 30,912 7, 470 1,727 2, 101 875 3, 649 2,280 2,540 884 332 4, 923 449 3,682 Total © 134, 074 53,900 00O*0O©t^©©00 C<3‘00>c5!^2!?3<2§ so i-t i>T r* to of cf ,-T 46, 070 10, 982 2,459 3, 133 1,215 6, 025 3,403 3,740 1,330 550 7, 603 625 5,005 Number of pupils enrolled Sec¬ ond¬ ary 1 r* 297,160 18, 648 10, 617 38, 788 6, 273 32, 265 101, 538 75, 378 9,552 4, 101 256,875 ©©©©oooo©©^©oit^ ©^OO^OICO^©©^?*^ Q~ CO Of ©~ © Of ©~ Of Of © ^ ^ ^ < OJ ^ Ol Ele¬ men¬ tary CO 3, 591, 840 1,529,394 57,866 20, 716 174, 049 22, 259 192, 537 660, 753 355, 029 36, 136 10, 049 1, 292, 103 321, 788 85, 054 52, 282 32,758 181,714 92, 541 95, 816 27, 234 11,337 226, 147 12, 374 153, 058 Total 4, 339, 163 1,826,554 76, 514 31, 333 212, 837 28,532 224, 802 762, 291 430, 407 45, 688 14,150 1, 548, 978 382, 393 98, 529 65, 137 38, 198 228, 992 108, 919 117, 272 33, 930 13, 991 271, 266 14, 576 175, 775 Region and State - Continental United States _ Northeast _ Connecticut.. . . Maine _ Massachusetts - New Hampshire. - New Jersey... . . New York _ Pennsylvania _ _ Rhode Island _ Vermont _ North Central _ Illinois _ Indiana . . Iowa - - - Kansas. _ Michigan . . . . Minnesota. .. _ Missouri. _ Nebraska _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio _ _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin . . Table 50. — Catholic elementary and secondary schools: Number of schools , instructional staff , and pupils , by State: 1953-54 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Number of pupils enrolled Secondary o 623, 751 901 ‘m 7,276 2, 824 35, 094 3,860 27,001 93,226 66, 722 6,148 1,955 239, 480 58, 834 11, 475 12, 672 5,129 43, 692 14, 771 18, 923 6,110 2,601 43, 462 1,795 20,016 78, 932 2,676 1, 776 1,670 4,412 1,444 11,411 Elementary Ob 3 eo w eo 1,319,860 53, 962 20, 641 163, 123 21, 361 183, 203 502,088 330, 876 34, 577 10, 029 1, 200, 796 299, 335 74, 286 50,802 27, 625 171,881 85, 757 86, 879 23, 764 11, 189 213, 521 12,084 143, 673 429,427 | 14, 186 6, 364 10, 144 22, 150 8,974 44, 206 Total QO 3,859,002 1, 563, 966 61, 238 23, 465 198, 217 25, 221 210, 204 595, 314 397, 598 40, 725 11, 984 1, 440, 276 358, 169 85, 761 63, 474 32, 754 215, 573 100, 528 105, 802 29,874 13, 790 256, 983 13, 879 163, 689 508,359 16, 862 8, 140 11, 814 26, 562 10, 418 55, 617 Number of instructional staff Secondary 31, 830 11, 514 ■^«®o»o)ooo® r-T tH CO 12, 301 2,898 558 870 317 1,877 871 1,019 400 171 2,163 131 1, 026 4,795 gSS|S| Elementary 77,873 3 CO 1,373 1,040 4,364 573 4, 136 11,513 7,516 929 291 28,954 6,988 1,670 1, 739 770 3,631 2,153 2,292 584 320 4,889 435 3, 483 10,725 354 188 229 504 237 1, 149 Total 109, 703 43, 249 1,817 1,223 6,080 783 5, 414 15, 772 10, 524 1, 209 427 41, 255 9,886 2,228 2,609 1,087 5, 508 3,024 3, 311 984 491 7,052 566 4, 509 15,520 529 293 312 773 320 1, 816 Number of schools Secondary S W 726 878 459 HH NhO Elementary « w 3, 018 130 60 394 61 380 975 897 91 30 3, 839 729 280 267 171 428 295 351 132 50 587 53 496 1,557 CO KM ^ CO N iO CO CO CC O Total fits ‘II 3,744 ©»-h 4, 717 t'- kO 2,016 Region and State Continental United States _ Northeast . . . . .. Connecticut . . . . . Maine _ .. ... . _ . _ Massachusetts.. . . .. ... New Hampshire _ _ _ . New Jersey . . . . . New York.. . . . . . _ Pennsylvania. .. . . . . Rhode Island _ _ Vermont _ _ _ ... .. .. . North Central _ _ _ _ Illinois. _ _ Indiana.. _ Iowa _ .. _ _ . .. Kansas _ _ _ _ Michigan _ _ _ _ _ .. .. Minnesota... ... ... ... _ _ Missouri... . . . . Nebraska _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio... . . . . . South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ _ _ South . . . . . Alabama... _ _ Arkansas _ _ _ _ Delaware _ Florida . . . . . Georgia _ _ _ Kentucky _ _ _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 117 16,074 9,249 2,497 536 2,533 703 2,666 11,815 2,466 2,238 4, 766 61,233 88853818388 7 - 9 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION. 1952-54 Form RSS-051 Part I DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Budget Bureau Office of Education No. 51-R020.5 Washington 25, D.C. App. Exp.: 9/30/56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION STATE ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STATISTICS, 1953-54 For the year ending June 30 (or ), 1954 State (or Territory) Report prepared by - (Hake) - - (Title)- PART I — ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS, PERSONNEL, AND PUPILS This report is for: (Check one) / / ALL Schools / / Schools for Negroes only (Please send in separate reports for schools for Negro pupils in States which maintained separate schools in 1953-54.) INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS This report form for the school year ending June 30, 1954 has been revised to conform to items and definitions in Handbook I, The Common Core of State Educational Information, Office of Education Bulletin 1953, No. IT. Handbook I therefore serves as the basic manual of instructions for this report. It is essential that the definitions and explanations in the Handbook be observed in order that reports from the various States may be comparable. This form contains only those items from the Handbook which are similar in content to the items on the previous report form for the school year 1951-52, plus a few items which would, in most cases, be available in the State office. In some instances, several items on the old report form are now consolidated into one or two items. In other Instances, the present form divides what was formerly one item into more detailed classifications. Please note that each table contains numbers in parentheses either next to cells or at the heads of columns. These numbers correspond to item numbers in Handbook I (pages 18-101), and have been inserted for ready reference to more complete definitions of items contained in the Handbook. Headnotes have been provided in a number of tables calling attention to pages in Handbook I con¬ taining particularly pertinent discussions of items in the tables in question. Attention is also called to the Glossary of Terms on pages 1-16 of Handbook I, which contains the definitions of general terms, such as average daily atten¬ dance, original entry, and capital outlay, that are used in many different items . Every effort should be made to furnish figures for all pertinent items re¬ quested on the form. Estimates will sometimes serve if actual data are not available, provided estimates are labeled as such. Please explain abnormal increases or decreases from the amounts reported in previous years or major changes in organization or procedures which would substantially affect the data reported. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 121 - 2 - /lumbers in parentheses ( ) next to line items or at the heads of columns refer to numbered items in Handbook I which contain fuller explanations of terms used^/ SECTION A. —STATISTICS ON FJBLIC SCHOOLS (ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND ATOLT AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE PROGRAMS OF EDUCATION) Table 1.— PERSONNEL OF STATE EDJCATION AGENCIES NOTE: For general discussion of contents of this table see pages 17-20 in Handbook I Type of personnel Number of positions i/ Full-time Part-time (full-time equivalent) 2/ State board of education State board for vocational education b. Educational services and other professional personnel^/ . (13) c. Secretarial and clerical personnel^/ . (14) d. Plant operation and maintenance personnel— /. . (15) State department of education a. De Dart mental management and service personnel (1) Chief State school officer and departmental staff who administer department and/or provide educational services to schools on statewide basis (includes deputy and assistant chief State school officers and division heads) . (5) (2) Other personnel who help provide direct and indirect educational services to schools on statewide basis (includes consultants, advisers, specialists, etc. in various fields) . (6) (3) Other personnel who provide educational services to schools in specific regions or districts of the State (includes consul- tants, supervisors , specialists , etc. in various fields) . (7) b. Secretarial and clerical assistants to departmental management and service personnel . (8) c. Plant operation and maintenance personnel . (9) d. Personnel for other programs operated by State department of education (1) Administrative heads of programs, such as State nuseum, teacher retirement, etc., except schools or colleges, by name of program . (10) (a) (b) (c) (2) Aides to administrative heads of other programs, except schools or colleges, by name of program . (11) (a) (b) (c) 1/ Altncugh a oosition may become vacant several tines during the year, with the result that several persons may be employed to fill this position, report ONLY one position. 2/ For definition see "Full-time equivalence" on page 6 of Handbook I . 3/ Enter number of members here even if composition of board is identical with State board of education. 4/ Where the State board of education and the State board for vocational education share the same staff personnel, the employees shared by the two boards should be included under the State board of education. 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 - 3 - Table 2.— NUMBER OF INTERMEDIATE ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS, BY TYPE OF UNITl/ NOTE: See explanation on page 27 of Handbook I Type of unit Number 1. County intermediate units . (63) _ 2. Supervisory or superintendency union units . (64) _ 1/ The administrative units reported here are intermediate between the State and the local basic adminis¬ trative units and generally perform consultative, advisory, and statistical services. However, some inter¬ mediate units, which operate schools and therefore serve as basic units, should not be included here but with basic units in Table 5. Table 3. —PERSONNEL OF INTERMEDIATE ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS NOTE: See explanation on pages 27 and 28 of Handbook I and Glossary of Terms. 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Tyne of personnel Members of boards of education . Superintendents . Assistant or deuuty superintendent and other administrative staff . Consultants or supervisors of instruction a. Serving only elementary schools . b. Serving only secondary schools . c. Serving both elementary and secondary schools . Guidance personnel (counselors, deans, guidance specialists, etc.) . . . Psychological oersonnel (psychologists and nsychometrists) . . . . Attendance officers . Visiting teachers (home-school counselors) . Health personnel (physicians, nurses, dental hygienists, etc.) Secretarial and clerical personnel . Other employed oersonnel . Number of Dositions Full-time Part-time (65) (66) (67) (68) (69) (70) (71) (72) (73) (74) (75) (76) (77) Table 4. — NUMBER OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS, BY TYPE OF ORGANIZED UNIT DEFINITION OF SCHOOL: A division of the school system consisting of a group of pupils composed of one or more grade groups, organized as one unit -and housed in a school plant 6f one or more buildings. When more than one school is housed in one school olant, as is the case when the elementary and secondary programs are housed in the same school nlant, entries should be made under each tyoe of school.' See also definitions of various tyres of schools on pages 12-14 in Handbook I . Type of school Number of schools Type of school Number of schools 1. Elementary . (106) 7. Vocational or trade high... (112) 8. Community colleges or junior colleges . (113) 2. Junior high . (107) 3. Senior high . (108) 9. One-teacher schools (These schools are also Included in items 1-8) a. With 4 or fewer grades. (114) b. With 5 or more grades.. (115) 4. Junior-senior and undivided high . (109) 5. Regular 4-year high . (HO) 6. Incomplete regular high.. (Ill) STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 123 - 4 - Table 5.— NUMBER OF LOCAL BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS (DISTRICTS), BY SIZE AND FUNCTION NOTE: For definition, see "Administrative Unit, local basic" on page 2 of Handbook I. See also general explanation on page 32. Number of districts by type of program operated Average daily attendance in schools in the district!/ None (97) Elementary only (98) Secondary only (99) Community college only (100) Elementary and secondary (101) Elementary, secondary and community college (102) Secondary and community college without elementary (103) Total number of districts 0-24 . 25-49 . 50-99 . 100-199 . .... 200-299 . 300-499 . 500-999 1 ,000-1 ,A99 . mnnc 1,500-4,999 . xxxx 5 000-9,999 mnfY 10,000-49,999 . 50,000-99,999 . 100,000 and over.. TOTAL . XXXX xxxx Number of districts included in total above which operate no schools other than a single one-teacher school . Number of districts included in total above which offer a program of education . (104) . (105) . 1/ Aggregate days attendance divided by the number of days school was actually in session. Table 6.— BOARD AND ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL OF LOCAL BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS NOTE: Data on local school trustees are omitted from the current report Type of personnel Number 1. Board personnel . a. Members of local boards of education^/ . . ... (145) b. Members of other boards subordinate to local boards of education . ... (146) 2. Administrative personnel a. Full-time superintendents^/ . . . ... (147) b. Full-time assistants to superintendents, including business managers.... ... (149) 1/ Include all persons who are members of controlling boards of education of administrative units (school systems) regardless of titles used. 2/ Include all chief executive officers of local basic administrative units regardless of title. Of the number reported in item 147, indicate here the number that have a title other than "Superintendent." (Title and number) (Title and number) (Title and number) 124 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 - 5 - Table 7. — TEACHERS IN REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS BY TYPE OF SCHOOL SERVED (DO NOT INCLUDE OTHER INSTRUCTIONAL PERSONNEL)!/ IMPORTANT; Because of the widespread public interest in detailed statistics on teachers, it is especially important that States furnish reasonable estimates for the number of teachers both by type of school and by sex, if actual data are not readily available. Type of school served Number of full-time teaching positions Number of part-time teaching positions Men Women Total Men Women Total 1. Serving elementary only a. Nursery schools . (162) b. Kindergartens . (163) c. Elementary, excluding N and K. (164) TOTAL ELEMENTARY . 2. Serving secondary only . (165] 3, GRAND TOTAL (sum of 1 and 2) . 1/ See explanation under "Employed Personnel", page 40, and also under "Teachers", page 43 in Handbook I. Table 8.-- OTHER INSTRUCTIONAL PERSONNEL IN REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NOTE: Full-time personnel who have more than half their workload devoted to specialty shown. Other instructional personnel by type of school served Number of positions or full-time equivalence 1, Principals a. Serving elementary only . (150) b. Serving secondary only . (151) c. Serving both elementary and secondary (not a total of la and lb) . (152) TOTAL PRINCIPALS (sum of la, lb, and lc) . 2, Consultants or supervisors of Instruction a. Serving elementary only . . . (156) b. Serving secondary only . (157) c. Serving both elementary and secondary (not a total of 2a and 2b) . (158) TOTAL CONSULTANTS OR SUPERVISORS (sum of 2a, 2b, and 2c) . 3. Librarians a. Serving elementary only . (166) b. Serving secondary only . (167) c. Serving both elementary and secondary (not a total of 3a and 3b) . (168) TOTAL LIBRARIANS (sum of 3a, 3b, and 3c) . 4, Quidance personnel a. Serving elementary only . (172) b. Serving secondary only . (173) TOTAL GUIDANCE PERSONNEL (sura of 4a and 4b) . 5. Psychological personnel (psychologists and psvchometrists) . (176) 6. GRAND TOTAL (sum of 1. 2. 3. 4. and 5) . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 125 - 6 - Table 9.— OTHER EMPLOYED PERSONNEL OF REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NOTE: See explanation of "full-time" and "part-time" under "Employed Personnel" on page 40 in Handbook I. Type of personnel TJuraber of positions Full-time Part-time 1. Attendance personnel a. Attendance officers . (177] (178) b. Visiting teachers . (180) xxxx 2. Health personnel a. Physicians, including psychiatrists . (182) (183) b. Dentists . (184) (185) c. Nurses . (186) (187) d. Dental hygienists . (188) e. Other professional and technical health personnel... (190] 3. Secretarial and clerical personnel a. Assistants to administrative and other noninstruc- tional personnel . (192] b. Assistants to instructional personnel . (194] 4. Plant operational personnel (custodians, engineers, etc.).. . (196) (189) (191) (193) (195) (197) 5. Plant maintenance personnel (carpenters, painters, etc.) . (198) (199) 6, Transportation personnel (operating publicly owned system) . (200) XXXX 7. Food services personnel . (203] (204) 8, Recreational personnel . (205) 9. Other full-time and Part-time employees . (207) (206) Table 10.-- ORIGINAL ENTRIES FOR THE STATE IN REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS, BY GRADE!/ NOTE: For explanation of "original entry" see Glossary on page 9 and also pages 36 and 37 of Handbook I'. Grade Original entries (El ♦ E2) Grade Original entries (El ♦ E2) 1. First grade . (135) 2. Second grade . (135) 3. Third grade . (135) 4. Fourth grade . (135) 5. Fifth grade . (135) 6. Sixth grade . (135) 7. Seventh grade . (135) 8. Eighth grade . (135) 9. Ungraded and unclassi¬ fied elementary . (136) 10. Ninth grade . (135) 11. Tenth grade . (135) 12. Eleventh grade . (135) 13. Twelfth grade . (135) 14. High school postgraduate . 15. Unclassified secondary . (137) 16. TOTAL 1-15 . (138) 1/ In an 11-grade system, grades 8 through 11 are to be reported as grades 9 through 12, 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Table 11 .--ORIGINAL ENTRIES IN REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS. BY GRADE GRCXJP NOTE: See explanation on page* 36-37 In Handbook I. Type of original entry by grade group 1. Nursery schools a. Original entries -first time In the United States b. Original entries -transferred from other States - c . Total original entries for the State - El ♦ E2 . . . Number of original entries ■ETTET - B1.(123) E2...(124) . (125) 2. Kindergartens a. Original entries -first time In the United States - El. (126) b. Original entries -transferred from other States - E2...(127) c. Total original entries for the State - El ♦ E2 . (128) 3. Elementary, excluding nursery schools and kindergartens a. Original entries -first time in the United States - El. (129) b. Original entries -transferred from other States - E2...(130) c. Total original entries for the State - El ♦ E2 . (131) TOTAL ELEMENTARY (sum of 1, 2, and 3) . 4. Secondary, including junior high schools a. Original entries -first time in the United States - El. (132) b. Original entries -transferred from other States - E2...(133) c. Total original entries for the States - El ♦ E2 . (134) 5. GRAND TOTAL ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY . Table 12.— ATTENDANCE, MEMBERSHIP, AND AVERAGE LENGTH OF TERM IN REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 1/ NOTE: For definitions of terms, see Glossary and also pages 38-39 in Handbook I. Item Elementary, including N and K Secondary including junior high Total 1. Aggregate days attendance^/ . (141) 2. Average dally attendance!/ . (141) (142) (142) 3. Aggregate days membership 4/ . (139) 4. Average dally membership!/ . (139) (140) (140) 5. Average length of term in days 6/. (116) (117) l/ If overcrowded conditions make it necessary to hold two seoarate sessions with a different group of pupTls in each session, puDils attending such sessions should be counted as full-time pupils. 2/ Sum of all days attended. 3 / Sum of average daily attendance reported by each school. 4/ Sum of the days present and absent of all pupils when school was actually in session. T/ Aggregate days membership divided by the number of days school was actually in session. 5/ Aggregate days attendance divided by the average daily attendance. Table 13.— PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES AND PERSONS GRANTED HIGH SCHOOL EQUIVALENCY CERTIFICATES Item Number of boys Number of girls Total 1. High school graduates (excluding persons granted high school equivalency certificates) . (143) 2. Persons granted high school equivalency certificates . (144) xxxx XXXX STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 127 Table 14.— STUDENTS AND R'LL-J^TTJ!)\PART-TI*ffi EMPLOYED PERSONNEL IN PUBLIC ADJLT^D'UATIOK PROGRAMS, EXCUTDING COMTJ NITT 'TSlLEGES NOTE: See exolanation on page 50 In Handbook I. Table 15. — STUDENTS AND EMPLOYED PERSONNEL IN PUBLIC CO!£"'NITY COLLEGE PROGRAMS OF EDUCATION NOTE: See exnlanation on cages 50 and 52 in Handbook I . 1. Students a. Total number of different students enrolled in non- credit courses . (212) b. Number of different stu¬ dents enrolled in high school credit courses.... (214) c. Total number of different students enrolled in all urograms (not necessarily a total of la and lb).... (215) 2. Emoloyed personnel a. Instructional personnel... (216)_ b. Noninstructional personnel (217) _ Table 16— TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PROVIDED BY REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NX5TE:* "Number of pupils" in this table means average daily attendance. Item Number Item Number 1. Students a. Number of different students enrolled in noncredit courses (non-terminal) . (213) b. Number of different students enrolled in terminal orograms . (220) c. Number of different students enrolled in college credit programs (1) Full-time (12 or more credits) . (221) (2) Part-time (less than 12 credits) . (222) d. Number of different students enrolled in all urograms (not necessarily a total of la, lb, and Is) . (223) 2. Employed personnel a. Instructional personnel (1) Full-time . (224) (2) Part-time . (225) b. Noninstructional personnel (1) Full-time . (226) (2) Part-time . (227) 1. Number of pupils transported to and from public schools at public expense 1/. . (439) 2. Number of pupils transported to and from nonuublic schools at public expensel/ (440) _ 3. Number of puoils for whom subsistence was paid in lieu of transportation . (441) _ 4. Number of school bus acci¬ dents in which children were killed or fatally injured . (443). 5. Number of pupil deaths resulting from school bus accidents . (444) 1/ Include pipils transported in buses or small vehicles whether transportation was carried out under contract or by publicly-owned vehicles. Table 17— FOOD SERVICES PROGRAM OF REGULAR FJLL-TIVE PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NOTE: Include in this table all public school-lunch programs which are operated from funds that are under the control of the school administrative unit, regardless of whether Federal school- lunch aid is received. Item Number 1. Average number of pupils served lunch per day from organized school lunch urograms l/. . (437) 2. Total number of school plants in which an organized school- lunch program operated for 6 months or more . (438) 1/ Average number of pupils should be determined by dividing cue total rrumDer of pupils served oy the number of days the lunch program was in operation. 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 - 9 - Table 18. _ MJMBER OF VEHTCIES USED IN THE PUPIL TRANSPORTATION PROi'-RAM AND VEHICLES PURCHASED NOTE: Vehicles used to transport nonpublic school pi pi Is are also to be included here Item Number Publicly owned of vehicles Privately owned 1. Number of vehicles in use a. School buses . . (415) (420) b. Small vehicles (rated seating capacity of less than 12) . . (416) (421) c . Service vehicles ••••••••••••••••• . . . . . (417) xxxx TOTAL VEHICLES IN USE . 2. Number of vehicles ourchased during the year for the pupil transportation urogram a # School buses . . . . . . . . (418) (422) h Small vehicles, excluding service vehicles . . (419) XXXX TOTAL VEHICLES PJRCHASED . xxxx Table 19.— PERSONNEL FOR PUBUC SUMMER ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NOTE: For the summer school which ends during the 12-month period that is being reported. Number of different pupils enrolled Number of teachersl/ Elementary '•>08) Secondary (209) Total Elementary (210) Secondary (211) Total SECTION B - STATISTICS ON NON PUBLIC SCHOOLS (DENOMINATIONAL AND NONSECTARIAN) Table 20.— ORIGINAL ENTRIES IN FULL-TIME NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS, BY GRADE GROUP NOTE: See explanation on page 87 in Handbook I. Type of original entry by grade group Number of original entries Ej- — T-- a ET ♦ E2 Nursery schools a. Original entries -first time in the United States - El. (451) b. Original entries -transferred from other States - E2...(452) c. Total original entries for the State - El ♦ E2 . (453) Kindergartens a. Original entries -first time in the United States - El. (454) b. Original entries -transferred from other States c. Total original entries for the State - El ♦ E2.. E2...(455) . (45.6) 3. Elementary, excluding nursery schools and kindergartens a. Original entries -first time in the United States - El. (457) b. Original entries -transferred from other States - E2. . .(458) c. Total original entries for the State - El ♦ E2 . (459) TOTAL ELEMENTARY (sum of 1, 2, and 3) . 4. Secondary, including junior high schools a. Original entries -first time in the United States - El. (460) b. Original entries -transferred from other States - E2...(461) c. Total original entries for the State - El ♦ E2 . (462) 5. GRAND TOTAL ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY . 1/ If teachers employed for the regular elementary and secondary school year also teach in the summer session, they should be included in both places. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 129 - 10 - Table 21.— ORIGINAL FITCHES FOR THE STATS BY GRADE, AND HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES BY SEX FOR FULL-TIME NON PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS Grade Original entries (El ♦ E2) Grade Original entries (El * E2) 1. First grade . (463) 2. Second grade . (463) 3. Third grade . (463) 4. Fourth grade . (463] 5. Fifth n-ade . (463] 6. Sixth vrade . (463) 7. Seventh rrade . (463) 8. Eighth rrade . (463) ?. Ungraded and unclassi¬ fied elementary . (464) 10. Ninth grade . (463) 11. Tenth grade . (463) 12. Eleventh grade . (463) 13. Twelfth grade . (463) 14. High school postgraduate . 15. Unclassified secondary . (465] 16. TOTAL 1-15 . (466] Number of high school graduates for the school year (469): Boys _ Girls Table 22. — ATTENDANCE, AVERAGE LENGTH OF TERM, ANT NUMBER OF SCHOOLS FOR fULL-TIME NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NOTE: See exolanation on nages 90 and 93 In Handbook I. Aggregate days attendance Average dally attendance Average length of term in days Number of schools Elementary (467) Secondary (468) Elementary (467) Secondary (468) Elementary (482) Secondary (483) Elementary (480) Secondary (481) Table 23. — EMPLOYED PERSON NFL OF FILL-TT'iE NONPUBLIC SLS'tEJTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NOTE: See explanation under "EmDloyed personnel" on pajes 91-92 In Handbook I. Item Number of personnel Full-time Part-time 1. Instrictional oersonnel (teachers, orincipals, librarians, etc.) a. Nursery schools . (470) b. Kindergartens . (472) c. Elementary, excluding nursery schools and kindergartens... (474) TOTAL ELEMENTARY (sum of la, lb, and lc) . (471) (473) (475) (477) (479) d. Secondary, including Junior high schools . (476) TOTAL INSTRUCTIONAL PERSONNEL (sum of la. lb, lc, and Id) . 2. Noninstructional nersonnel (Janitors, clerks, etc.) . (478) 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Form RSS-051 Part II DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D.C. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION Budget Bureau No. 51-R020.5 App. Exp.: 9/30/56 STATE ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STATISTICS, 1953-54 For the year ending June 30 (or ) , 1954 STate (or territory) Report prepared by - - CHameJ - - CUTTeT PART II — FINANCE This report is for: (Check one) / / ALL Schools / / Schools for Negroes only (Please send in separate reports for schools for Negro pupils in States which maintained separate schools in 1953-54.) INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS This report form for the school year ending June 30, 1954 has been revised to conform to items and definitions in Handbook I, The Common Core of State Educational Information, Office of Education Bulletin 1953, '"No". IE Handbook I therefore serves as the basic manual of instructions for this report. It is essential that the definitions and explanations in the Handbook be observed in order that reports from the various States may be comparable. This form contains only those items from the Handbook which are similar in content to the items on the previous report form for the school year 1951-52, plus a few items which would, in most cases, be available in the State office. In some instances, several items on the old report form are now consolidated into one or two items. In other instances, the present form divides what was formerly one item into more detailed classifications. Please note that each table contains numbers in parentheses either next to cells or at the heads of columns. These numbers correspond to item numbers in Handbook I (pages 18-101), and have been inserted for ready reference to more complete definitions of items contained in the Handbook. Headnotes have been provided in a number of tables calling attention to pages in Handbook I con¬ taining particularly pertinent discussions of items in the tables in question. Attention is also called to the Glossary of Terms on pages 1-16 of Handbook I, which contains the definitions of general terms, such as average daily atten¬ dance, original entry, and capital outlay, that are used in many different items. It should be noted that the expenditure data on salaries required for various categories of Personnel in Part II of the report correspond to equiva¬ lent Personnel items in Part I and that the standard definitions of such items in Handbook I apply to both types of data. Every effort should be made to furnish figures for all pertinent items re¬ quested on the form. Estimates will sometimes serve if actual data are not available, provided estimates are labeled as such. Please explain abnormal Increases or decreases from the amounts reported in previous years or major changes in organization or procedures which would substantially affect the data reported. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 131 - 2 - Table 24.— RECEIPTS FOR ADMINISTRATION BT THE STATE BOARD AND STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION INCLUDING THE VOCATIONAL BOARD AND DEPARTMENT EVEN WHEN ORGANIZED SEPARATELY NOTE: Do not include money received for distribution to intermediate or local units or for vocational teacher training and vocational rehabilitation. Source of receipts Amount 1. Receipts for regular programs a. From the Federal Government (1) Vocational . (16) |_ (2) Other (money for Indian education, money derived from Federal forest preserves, etc.) . (17) b. From the State (1) Appropriations . . . (IB) (2) Other . (19) c. Fees (money collected by State department of education for services) . (20) d. Philanthropic (money applied to State department functions) . (21) TOTAL RECEIPTS for lteH la, lb, lc, and Id . 2. Receipts for emergency programs (education of veterans, school facilities survey, etc.) by name of program (22) Name of program Source of receipts Federal StiSS Other Rtil a. $ % 3 % b. c. Table 25.— EXPENDITURES FOR ADMINISTRATION BT THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION AND THE STATE! BdARD FOR VOCATION AL EDUCATION NOTE: See explanations on pages 22 and 24 in Handbook I. Type of expenditure Amount State board of educat±or\V Board for voca¬ tional education 1. Expenditures for regular programs a. Expenses of board members (travel, per diem, or other compensation) . (23) b. Compensation of persons hired for occasional consultative and advisory services . (24) c. Salaries (1) Educational services and other professional personnel.. (25) (2) Secretarial and clerical personnel . (26) (3) Plant operation and maintenance personnel . (27) d. Travel for members of the staff . (28) e. Fixed chargee (rent, insurance, etc.) . (29) f. Supplies, mats rials , printing, and other expenses . (30) 2. Expenditures for emergency programs, by name of program: ». (31) t (43) * (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) (49) (50) (51) b. . c. . 1/ If the State board of education and the State board for vocational education share the same staff personnel, the salaries and other expenses of these personnel should be included in this colusn. 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 - 3 - Table 26. —EXPENDITURES FOR ADMINISTRATION BT THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NOTEs Exclude funds which were distributed by the State to local units, and funds expended by the State a basic administrative unit for schools directly operated by the State. Type of expenditure Amount 1. Expenditures for regular programs a. Salaries (1) Chief State school officer . . . . (32) S (2) Departmental staff who administer department and/or provide educational services to schools on statewide basis . . . . (33) (3) Other personnel who help to provide both direct and indirect educational services to schools on statewide basis . (34) (4) Personnel who provide educational services to schools in specific regions or districts of the State . (35) (5) Secretarial and clerical assistants to departmental management and service personnel. . . . . . . . . (36) (6) Plant oneratlon and maintenance Dersonnel . (37) (7) Personnel for supplementary services such as State library, museum, etc. . (38) b. Travel for members of the staff . . . . . (39) c. Fixed charges (rent, insurance, etc.) . . . . . . . (40) d. Supplies, materials, printing and other expenses . . ( 41) e. State contribution to State teacher retirement fund . 2. Expenditures for emergency programs, by name of program . (42) a. b. 0. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 133 - 4 - Table 27.— RECEIPTS, TRANSFERS, AND EXPENDITURES OF COUNT! OR OTHER INTERMEDIATE ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS FOR USE IN ADMINISTRATION OF INTERMEDIATE UNIT NOTE* Report here only receipts and expenditures which will not be reported as part of the State department of education or of the local basic administrative units. In many cases these receipts and expenditures will be from general county funds for the county board of education and county superintendent's office. See also explanation on page 27 and pages 29-31 in Handbook I. Receipts, transfers, and expenditures, by type 1. Source of receipts for administration of intermediate unit a. From the State . . . (78) b. From local or county taxation and appropriations . (79) c. Other sources (specify) _ _ (80) TOTAL RECEIPTS . (81) 2. Transfers from other administrative units for services rendered . (82) 3. ftxrrent expense a. Compensation of board of education members (salaries, per diem, and travel).. (83) b. Compensation for occasional consultative and advisory services . (84) c. Salaries (1) Superintendent and other administrative staff . (85) (2) Instructional personnel . (86) (3) Attendance oersonnel (including visiting teachers) . (87) (4) Health personnel . (88) (5) Secretarial and clerical personnel . (89) (6) Other employed personnel . (90) d. Travel for superintendent and his staff . (91) e. Fixed charges (rent, insurance, etc.) . (92) f. Contributions of Intermediate unit (not participants) to retirement funds.... (93) g. Supplies, materials, printing, and other expenses . (94) TOTAL CURRENT EXPENSE (sum of items 3a through 3g) . (95) 4, Transfers to other intermediate administrative units for services rendered . (96) Amount 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 - 5 - Table 28.— RECEIPTS, BALANCES, AND TRANSFERS FOR OPERATINO PUBLIC ELEMENTARY , SECONDARY, ADULT, AND COIMJNITY COLLEGE PROGRAMS OF EDUCATION NOTE: For definitions of revenue and nonrevenue receipts see Glossary on page 11 and discussion on page 54 of Handbook I . Revenue receipts, by source Amount Nonrevenue receipts, by source, and balances and transfers Amount 1. Revenue receipts a. Federal sources (1) Vocational education. (228) $ 2, Nonrevenue receipts a. State (for State-operated schools) (251) (1) Sale of State bonds.... » (2) School lunch . (229) (2) Sale of State school (3) Education of property and insur¬ ance adjustments . (252) veterans . (230) (3) Other State non¬ revenue receipts . (253) (4) Other . (231) (254) TOTAL STATE . TOTAL FEDERAL . (232) b. State sources (1) State taxation and appropriations . (233) b. County (for county- operated schools) (1) Sale of county bonds and other long-term loans.. (255) (2) State permanent funds and endowments . (234) (2) County short-term loans (256) (3) Other cash revenue receipts . (235) (3) Sale of county school property and insur¬ (4) Noncash revenue ance adjustments . (257) receipts . (236) (4) Other county non¬ (259) revenue receipts . TOTAL STATE . (237) (259) TOTAL COUNTY . c. County sources (1) County taxation and appropriations . (238) c. Local, except county (1) Sale of local bonds and (260) (2) County permanent funds other long-term loans. and endowments . (239) (2) Local short-term loans. (261) (3) Other cash revenue receipts . (240) (3) Sale of local school (4) Noncash revenue receipts . (241) property and insur¬ ance adjustments . (262) TOTAL OOUNTY . (242) (4) Other local non¬ revenue receipts . (263) d. Local sources, except county TOTAL LOCAL . (264) (1) Local taxation and aooropriations . (243) d. TOTAL NONREVENUE RECEIPTS.. (265) (2) Local permanent funds and endowments . (244) 3. Balances from previous year (266) (3) Other revenue receipts a. For current operation . from local sources.. (245) (267) b. For capital outlay . TOTAL LOCAL . (246) c. For serial bond interest (268) and redemption . e. Other revenue sources (1) Tuition and trans¬ TOTAL BALANCES . (269) portation fees from patrons . (247) 4. TOTAL AMOUNT AVAILABLE FROM (2) Gifts . (248) ALL SOURCES (sum of 1, 2, and 3) . (270) TOTAL OTHER REVENUE . (249) 5. Transfers from other administrative units a. From administrative units in the State . (271) f. TOTAL REVENUE RECEIPTS . (250) b. From administrative units in another State . (272) STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 135 - 6 - Table 29.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR INSTRUCTION IN REGULAR FULL-TIME RJBLIC ELEMENT ARI AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS NOTE: The categories of personnel in this table correspond to those used for reporting personnel in Part I of this reDort ("Administrative Units, Personnel, and Pupils"). It is essential that the categories of personnel in Parts I and II be identical. In reporting salaries, show total amounts — before deductions for social security, retirement, etc. See also explanation on Dages 61-66 of Handbook I. The Office of Education will calculate an average salary for the instructional staff by dividing total salaries paid (sum of items 1, 2, and 3 In table 29) by the total number of instructional staff (sum of item 3 for total full-time teachers and 1/3 of item 3 for total part-time teachers in table 7, plus total of item 6 in table 8). If this method leads to an average salary which is not valid for your State in comparison with other States, please explain. Type of personnel by grade group 1. Salaries of principals a. Serving elementary only . (278) $ b. Serving secondary only . (279) c. Serving both elementary and secondary (not a total of la and lb) . (280) TOTAL PRINCIPALS . 2. Salaries of consultants or supervisors of instruction a. Serving elementary only . (281) b. Serving secondary only . (282) c. Serving both elementary and secondary (not a total of 2a and 2b) . (283) TOTAL SUPERVISORS . . 3. Salaries of teachers and other instructional staff a. Teachers (1) Serving elementary only . (284) (2) Serving secondary only . (285) TOTAL TEACHERS . b. School librarians (1) Serving elementary only . (286) (2) Serving secondary only . (287) (3) Serving both elementary and secondary (not a total of 3b(l) and 3b(2) . (288) TOTAL SCHOOL LIBtARIANS . c. Guidance personnel (1) Serving elementary only . (289) (2) Serving secondary only . (290) TOTAL GUIDANCE PERSONNEL . d. Psychological personnel . (291) TOTAL TEACHERS AND OTHER INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF (sum of 3a, b, c, and d) . 4. Salaries of secretarial and clerical assistants to instructional personnel . (292) 5. Textbooks, including those purchased by State for distribution to local school units . (293) 6. Regular or incidental purchases of school library books or periodicals . (294) 7. Teaching supplies . (295) 8. Other instructional supnlies and expenses . (296) 9. TOTAL INSTRUCTIONAL EXPENSES (sum of items 1 through 8) . (297) Amount 399804 0—57 - 10 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 30. — CURRENT EXPENSE FOR ADMINISTRATION (OENFRAL CONTROL)!/ IN REGULAR FDLL-TIME PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS NOTE: See explanation on pages 61-63 In Handbook I. Type of expenditure Amount 1, Compensation of board of education members of local basic administrative units... (273) 2. Salaries of administrative personnel including business administrators . (274) $ 3. Salaries of secretarial and clerical assistants to administrative personnel . (275) 4. Supplies and other administration expenses . (276) 5. TOTAL ADMINISTRATION . (277) all~general control which is system-wide and not confined to one school, subject, or narrow phase of school services. Table 31.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR OTHER SCHOOL SERVICES IN REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEEIENTAR? A fit) SECONDARY DA? SCHOOLS 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Type of expenditure Attendance services a. Salaries of attendance officers and visiting teachers . b. Supplies and other expenses for attendance services . TOTAL ATTENDANCE SERVICES . Health services provided by the school administrative unit a. Salaries (including secretarial and clerical assistants) . b. Supplies and other expenses for health services . . TOTAL HEALTH SERVICES . . Transportation services for public school pupils a. Salaries of transportation employees . . b. Supplies, maintenance, and garage operation and maintenance . . c. Transportation insurance . d. Contracted services . e . Fares furnished pupils for public buses and streetcars . f. Payments in lieu of transportation . . TOTAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICES . Food services (net expenditure from local. State, and Federal funds for all school lunch programs) . . . . . . . Miscellaneous school services (net payments from appropriations for any other services for public school puoils) . TOTAL CURRENT EXPENSE FOR OTHER SCHOOL SERVICES (sum of items 1 through 5).... Expenditures by public agencies other than the school administrative unit for health services to public schools . (298) (299) (300) (301) (303) (304) (305) (306) (307) (308) (309) (310) (311) (302) STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 137 Table 32.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PUNT IN REGULAR FULL-TINE PUBLIC ELEMENT ART AND SECONDARY DAT SCHOOLS NOTEi See explanation under "Operation of PUnt", page 68, and under "Maintenance Handbook I . of Plant' 1 , page 69, in Type of expenditure Amount 1. Operation of pUnt a. Salaries . . . . . . . . . . $ b. Fuel or heat*. ••*••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••■•••••••••••< ... (313) c. Utilities, except fuel . . . . . ... (314) d. Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . ... (315) e. Other expenses for operation of plant . . . . . ... (316) f. TOTAL PLANT OPERATION . 2. Maintenance of pUnt (pUnt repairs and repairs and repUceoenta of equipment) a. SaUries . . b. Supplies, expenses and contractual service . . e. TOTAL PUNT MAINTENANCE . Table 33.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR FIXED CHARGES IN REGULAR FULL-TIME PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS Type of exnenditure Amount 1. Fixed charges allocated to pupil costs a. School board contributiona to retirement funds . (321) $ b. Insurance and judgments (premiums, injury comoensation , etc.) . . (322) c. Rent.,.. . . . . . (323) d. Other fixed charges allocated to puDil costs . . . (324) TOTAL FIXED CHARGES ALLOCATED TO PJFIL COSTS . 2. Fixed charges not allocated to puoil costs . . (325) 3. TOTAL FIXED CHARGES (sum of items 1 and 2) . (326) Table 34.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR PUBLIC SUMMER ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS Type of expenditure Amount 1. SaUries . (337).* 2. Supplies and other expenses . . (338) 3. TOTAL SUMMER SCHOOLS . (339) 138 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3 5. —CURRENT - 9 - FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES PROVIDED BY LOCAL BASIC ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS Type of expenditure Amount 1. Public libraries operated by local basic administrative units a. Salaries . . (328) $ b. Supplies and other expenses . . (329) TOTAL PUBLIC LIBRARIES . 2. Expenditures for nonpubllc schools where authorized by State law a. Textbooks . . . . . . . . b. School supplies . . (331) c. Transportation . . . . . . d. Health services . . (333) e. Other expenditures for services orovided to nonoublic schools . TOTAL NON PUBLIC SCHOOLS . 3. Other community services (community centers, recreation, etc.) . 4. TOTAL COMMUNITY SERVICES (sum of items 1. 2. and 1) . . (336) Table 36.— CURRENT EXPENSE FOR PUBLIC A0ULT EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY COLLEGES^ NOTE: See explanation on pages 72-73 In Handbook I. Type of expenditure Amount Adult education Community college 1. Salaries a. Instructional personnel . (340) i (345) » b. Nonins true tional personnel . (341) TOTAL SALARIES . (346) 2. Supplies and other expenses a. Instructional supplies and expenses . (342) (347) b. Noninstructional supplies and expenses . (343) (348) TOTAL SUPPLIES AND OTHER EXPENSES . 3. TOTAL CURR2JT EXPENSE (sum of items 1 and 2) . (344) (349) 1/ Include only those programs operated by local basic units which are not under the Jurisdiction of a board for higher education or a 4-year institution of higher education. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 139 - 10 - \ Table 37.— CAPITAL OUTLAY FOR PUBLIC ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY , ADULT, AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE PROGRAMS OF EDUCATION NOTE: See exolanation on pages '73-75 in Handbook I. Type of expenditure 1. Land and buildings a. Sites . b. New buildings and additions to buildings . c. Remodeling or improvement of buildings . 2. Bquipment (initial or additional equipment rather than replacements) a. Library books (for new school library and large or special additions) b. Furniture and equioment (excluding transportation) . c. Publicly owned vehicles and other transportation equipment . 3. TOTAL CAPITAL OUTLAY . Amount (351) £ (352) _ (353) _ (354) __ (355) __ (356) _ (357) _ Table 38. —DEBT SERVICE FOR PUBLIC ELEMEJTARY , SECONDARY, ADULT, AND COMMJNTTY COLLEGE PROGRAMS OF EDUCATION Tyne of exDenditure Payments from current funds Payments from other funds 1. Redemption of school bonds a. Payments from current funds to retire serial bonds.. (358) b. Payments from sinking fundsi/ to retire bonds . (359) c. Payments from issue of new bonds to retire old bonds (360) 2. Payments into sinking funds from current funds . (361) $ xxxx 2000c ♦ xxxx xxxx 3. Redemption of short-term loans . (362) . a . v 4. Payments of warrants or bills of preceding fiscal year. (363) 5. Interest on short-term and current loans . (364) xxxx xxxx 6, Interest on bonds a. Payments from current funds for Interest on serial bonds . (365) b. Payments from sinking funds for interest on bonds... (366) 7. Other debt service . (367) 8. TOTAL . (368 and 369) xxxx xxxx 1/ Definition of sinking fund — Money which has been set aside or invested for the definite purpose of meeting payments on debts at some future time. It is usually a fund set up for the purpose of accumulating money over a period of years in order to have money available for the redemption of long-term obligations at the date of maturity. 140 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Table 39 .--RECAPITULATION OF EXPENDITURES, BALANCES CARRIED TO THE NEXT YEAR, AND TRANSFERS TO OTHER BASIC LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS Type of expenditure Sub-total Total 1, Current expense a. For full-time elementary and secondary day schools (1) Administration (from table 30) . (277) $ * (2) Instruction (from table 29) . (297) (3) Other school servioes (from table 31) . (311) (4) Operation of plant (from table 32) . (317) (5) Maintenance of plant (from table 32) . (320) (6) Fixed charges (from table 33) . (326) b. For community services (from table 35) . (336) c. For summer schools (from table 34) . (339) d. For adult education (from table 36) . . (344) e. For comnunity colleges (from table 36) . (349) TOTAL CURRENT EXPENSE FOR ALL SCHOOLS... (350) 2. Capital outlay (from table 37) . (357) xm xxxx 3. Debt service from current funds (from table 38) . (368) xxxx TOTAL EXPENDITURES FOR ALL SCHOOLS . 4. Balances carried to next year a. For current operation . (370) b. For reserve for capital outlay including capital reserve funds . (371) c. For serial bond interest and redemption . (372) TOTAL BALANCES AT END OF YEAR . (373) xxxx ORAND TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND BALANCES . xxxx 5. Transfers to other administrative units a. Transfers to other administrative units in the State (374) b. Transfers to administrative units in another State.. (375) TOTAL TRANSFERS TO OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS . xxxx c. Tuition to nonpublic schools . (376) xxxx Table 40. —STATUS OF PERMANENT SCHOOL FUNDsi/ AND Ad 1ES OF SCHOOL LAND AT END OF YEAR Item State Local, including cwinty 1. Value of principal and accrued interest of permanent school funds . (52) 2. Number of acres of school land . (53) 1/ See definition "Fund, Dermanent school" on page 6 of Handbook I. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 141 - 12 - Table 41.— STATUS OF SCHOOL BOHDS AND OTHER INDEBTEDNESS OF BASIC LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS Account 1. Amount of bonds outstanding at beginning of year . . 2. Amount of bonds issued during year a. For new caoital outlay . . b. For funding current or floating indebtedness . . c. For refunding bonds . . 3. Total bonds outstanding at beginning of year plus bonds Issued during year (1 plus 2a, 2b, and 2c) . 4. Total bonds retired during year . 5. Bonds outstanding at end of year (3 minis 4) . 6. Nonbonded indebtedness at end of year . . 7. Total indebtedness at end of year (5 plus 6) . . 8. Total amount in school sinking funds at end of year for term bonds . Amount (377) 1 (378) _ (379) _ (380) _ (381) (382) (383) (384) (385) (386) Table 42.— STATE AND FEDERAL AID FOR SCHOOL PLANT CAPITAL OUTLAY Source of funds Amount 1. Total State aid for school plant canltal outlay purposes during the yeari/.... 2. Total Federal aid for school plant capital outlay purposes during the year.... ... (388) $ 1/ In cases where a public school housing authority provides facilities, or the State makes loans to local school districts, or the State aid for capital outlay purposes is incorporated in a foundation program, please attach statement indicating method of calculating amount Indicated. Table 43.— CAPITAL OUTLAY COST OF FJBIICLY OWNED SCHOOL PLANTS COMPLETED AND MADE AVAILABLE FOR USE DURING THE YEAR 1/ Capital outlay cost, by account Elementary Secondary Combined elementary and secondary Community college Total 1. New sites and additions to sites . (409) 2. New buildings . (410) 3. Additions to buildings... (411) 4. Remodeling buildings . (412) 5. Equipment and fumiturm.. (413) 6. TOTAL CAPITAL OUTLAY COST (414) $ ♦ $ $ • 1/ Regardless of when the money was exDended. PS-9-57 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1957 O — 399804 Biennial Surrey of Education in the United States 19o2 54 Chapter 3 Statistics of School Systems: Staff, Pupils, and Finances 1953-54 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Highlights 1. Number of systems.~ln the school year 1953-54 there were, in continental United States, 3,775 independent public-school systems in cities with a population of 2,500 or more. (These city school systems are "independent” in the sense that they are not operated as part of a larger administrative unit, such as a county.) 2. Length of school year , and attendance. — The school year in the 3,775 city school systems averaged 180 days of actual instruction. Attendance equalled 158 days per pupil enrolled, and 170 days per pupil in membership. The trend in attend¬ ance has been consistently upward during the past 5 decades: from 74.6 pupils in average daily attendance per 100 enrolled in 1899-1900, to 87.9 pupils per 100 enrolled in 1953-54. (These figures are exclusive of kindergartens and colleges.) 3. Enrollment. — Enrollment in the city school systems (kindergarten through secondary school) rose 10.4 percent in the biennium from 1951-52 to 1953-54, to a level of 15,912,000 pupils. This represents an increase of 1,498,000 pupils. The rise was not evenly distributed among the grades, by far the larger portion taking place in the elementary grades. 4. Staff. — The city school systems employed 555,400 teachers (kindergarten through secondary school), of whom 25 percent were men. The number of teachers rose 10.9 percent beyond the number in 1951-52. The schools employed, on the average, less than 1 full-time clerk per school principal. 5. Salaries. — The average annual salary paid in 1953-54 to teachers in the city school systems was $4,190; the average annual salary paid to clerks was $1,669. In dollars of stable purchasing power, teachers’ salaries in 1953-54 were 6.7 percent higher than in 1951-52; in current dollars, 9 percent higher. (City school system salaries ^fe, in general, higher than school salaries in rural areas, or in the Nation as a whole.) 6. Capital outlay. Expenditures for sites, new buildings, additions, improvements, and new equipment in 1953-54 came to approximately $885 million. This was $64.13 per pupil enrolled. Comparable figures for 1951-52 and for 1949-50 were $52.34 and $44.65, respectively. 7. Value of school plant. — The value of the school plant in the city school systems (based principally on original cost records) was over $11.5 billion, or $845 per pupil enrolled. Comparable figures for 1951-52 and 1949-50 were $787 and $688, respectively. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1952*54 Chapter 3 Statistics of City School Systems: Staff, Pupils, and Finances 1953-54 Lester B. Herlihy, Specialist in Educational Statistics, prepared this chapter under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Head , Reports and Analysis Unit U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Marion B. Folsom, Secretary Office of Education John Ralph Rackley , Acting Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1952-54 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1952-54; Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education; Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1953- 54. Chapter 5. Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53. Chapter 6. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1953-54. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 60 cents Foreword THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States continues the regular series of reports on the statistics of city school systems published by the Office of Education since 1871. Prior to 1918 these reports were printed as part of the Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Education; beginning with the school year 1917-18 the report has been issued every 2 years as part of the Biennial Survey of Education. A new feature of the present chapter is the inclusion of a Rapid Finder,” designed to indicate the scope of statistical data m the chapter, and to help the reader locate quickly the particular data in which he may be interested. The "Rapid Finder” immediately precedes page 1 of this chapter. According to the Federal census of 1950, the number of cities with populations of 2,500 or more in continental United States is 4 390. Of these, 822 are excluded from the present study, because the schools in these cities are part of a comprehensive system (typically a county -unit system) which includes both urban and rural territory; and separate data for the urban part of the system are generally not available. The 3,568 cities in the study include a total of 3,775 independent or separately orgamzed public-school ^This year, as last, a "partial sampling technique” was employed, whereby all city school systems in the larger cities (population of 25,000 or more) are included in the survey, but only a sample of the school systems in the smaller cities. Data were obtained from approximately 70 percent of the total number of independent or separately organized city school systems, representing 85 percent of the total enrollment in such systems. Among the many items of information in the present chapter, special attention may be called to such facts as (1) the phenome¬ nally rapid rise in enrollment (10.4 percent in the biennium from 1951-52 to 1953-54 for elementary and secondary schools to¬ gether); (2) the slightly more rapid rise in the number of teachers (10.9 percent); (3) the meager avaUability of clerical assistance (the city systems employed, on the average, less than 1 full-time clerical employee per school); and, finally, (4) the striking differ¬ ence between the rise in income in the United States and the de- m cidedly smaller rises in expenditures per pupil and in salaries of teachers, supervisors, and principals. (These facts are drawn from tables 1, XII, and XV.) Acknowledgment is made to Ruby Ballard, Mable S. Thomas, and Vance Grant of the Reports and Analysis Section, and to various members of the Statistical Services Section, for analyzing, editing, and tabulating the city reports. This chapter, like its predecessors, embodies the voluntary cooperative efforts of the superintendents and school business officials who supplied the basic data. To all who have contributed to making this publica¬ tion possible, the Office of Education expresses its sincere appre¬ ciation. Herbert S. Conrad, Director , Research and Statistical Services Branch. John R. Rackley, Acting Commissioner . IV Contents Text Page Foreword . in Introduction . 1 Classification of City School Systems . 2 Coverage . 3 Sampling . 3 Pupils and Staff: Enrollment {full-time day schools) . 5 Grade enrollments . 6 Attendance {full-time day schools) . 7 Pupil-teacher ratios . 10 Length of school year and number of days attended {full-time day schools) . 10 Administrative and instructional staff . 12 Supervisory and teaching staff . 13 Part-time {adult, Americanization, night, and continuation) schools and summer schools . 14 Finances: Sources of revenue . 16 Expenditures . 17 Salaries of instructional staff {full-time day schools). ... 17 Distribution of city school expenditures among basic ac¬ counts . 19 Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance {full-time day schools) . 22 Current expenditure for part-time {adult, Americanization, night, and continuation) and summer schools . 23 Capital outlay expenditures . 25 Debt service espenditures . 26 Bonded indebtedness of city school districts . 27 Value of School Property . 30 Text Tables I. Classification of city school systems and coverage: 1953-54 . ' . 2 II. Coverage of medium- and small-sized city school systems, by group, region, and State . 4 v VI CONTENTS Page III. Average daily attendance as a percent of enrollment in full-time day schools in city school systems, by popula¬ tion group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 5 IV. Percent of enrollment in each grade in public day schools in 379 city school systems: 1939-40 to 1953-54. ... 9 V. Number of pupils enrolled and in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 10 VI. Number of days schools were taught and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in city school systems, by population group: 1939^0 to 1953-54 . . 11 VII. Distribution of 1,638 school systems according to number of days schools were taught: 1953-54 . 11 VIII. Percent of men teachers in full-time day schools, by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 13 IX. Number of teachers per supervisor, and per principal in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 14 X. Pupils and staff of part-time (adult, Americanization, night, and continuation) schools, and summer schools in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 16 XI. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city school systems, by population group: 1953-54 . 17 XII. Comparisons of change in average annual salaries and national per capita personal income: 1939-40, 1949- 50, and 1953-54 . 20 XIII. Percentage analysis of current and total expenditures in city school systems, by population group: 1953-54 . . 22 XIV. Range in percentages of total current expenditures per pupil allocated to each major account in city school systems: 1953-54 . 23 XV. Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance in full-time day schools in city systems, by population group (with comparative data on per capita disposable income in the United States): 1941-42 to 1953-54 . 24 XVI. Expenditure for part-time (adult, Americanization, night, and continuation) education and summer schools in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 26 XVII. Total amount and expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for capital outlay in city school systems, by population group: 1941-42 to 1953-54 . 27 CONTENTS VII Page XVIII. Bonds outstanding, less amount in bond reserves and sinking funds, and amount per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems, by population group: 1941^2 to 1953-54 . 29 XIX. Value of school property per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 31 Summary and Basic Tables 1. Comparative summary of general statistical data of public- school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 . 31 2. Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 . 34 3. Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for public - school systems in cities, by region and State: 1953-54 ... 38 Figure Percent change in grade enrollments in 379 city school systems: 1939-40 and 1953-54 . 8 VIII INDEX Rapid Finder Tabular index of statistical data Content or datum Included W Number of cities and school systems Instructional staff Cl > & CO O. o o 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Northeast: X X Maine... _ _ X X X Massachusetts _ X X New Hampshire _ X X New Jersey _ X X X New York _ X X X X Rhode" Island _ X X Vermont _ _ X X North Central: Illinois _ X X X Indiana _ X X x X Kansas _ X X Michigan _ X X X Minnesota . . . X X X Missouri _ X X X Nebraska _ X X X North Dakota _ X X X Ohio... _ _ X X X South Dakota _ _ X X X Wisconsin _ X X X South: Alabama . . . X X X Arkansas _ x x x Delaware _ X X X Florida 1 _ _ Georgia _ X X x Kentucky _ X x X Louisiana _ _ X X X Maryland *.. . Mississippi _ _ _ X X X North Carolina _ X X X Oklahoma _ X X X South Carolina _ X X X Tennessee _ X X X Texas _ X x X Virginia . . . X X X West Virginia > _ West: Arizona.. . X x X California _ X X X Colorado _ X X X Idaho . . X X X M on tana _ X X X Nevada _ _ _ X X X New Mexico _ X X X Oregon _ X x X Utah . . . X X X Washington _ X X X W yoming . X X X 1 The school systems in the medium- and small-sized cities in Florida, Maryland, and West Virginia are organized on a county-unit plan, and therefore are not included in this chapter on city school systems. having fewer than 13 city school systems each in any of the three groups, data were collected and used in detail for each of the city school systems. Under this plan estimates had to be made for only 33 percent of the total number of 826 systems in Group III; for 39 percent of the total number of 1,061 systems in Group IV; and for 44 percent of the Group V total num¬ ber of 1,401 school systems eligible for this study. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 Pupils and Staff Enrollment 3 (Full-Time Day Schools ) During the regular school session of 1953-54 there were enrolled in the city public full-time day schools 15,912,064 pupils. Of this number, 8,104,973 were hoys and 7,807,091 were girls. In addition to the regular day school enrollment there were 1,504,372 persons enrolled in Adult Education programs (Americanization, night, and continuation classes); 288,519 in public summer schools; and 158,348 in city junior colleges, colleges, and universities. From 1951-52 to 1953-54 the total enrollment in full-time day schools (kindergarten through secondary) increased by 1,498,445 pupils, or 10.4 percent. The trend in the ratio of average daily attendance to enrollment in full¬ time day schools of city school systems is shown in table III, for each city group and for the groups combined, by biennium, starting with the 1939-40 school year. Table III.— -Average daily attendance as a percent of enrollment in full-time day schools in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1953—54 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 _ . 86.6 85.2 87.2 88.4 >87.8 1941-42. . 84. 1 82.2 85.3 86.0 > 85.9 1943-44 83.2 80.8 84.4 86.3 » 85.1 1945-46 _ 83.9 82.3 84.9 85.4 > 85.3 1947-48 _ 85.8 83.9 87.3 87.8 87.3 86.8 1949-50 _ 86.9 85.2 88.1 88.7 87.9 88.3 1951-52 _ 85.3 83.3 86.9 87.3 86.9 85.9 1953-54 _ 86.6 84.6 87.8 88.3 88.2 87.8 1 Groups IV and V combined. Prior to 1947-48 no data were recorded separately for Group V. The distribution of enrollment in 1953-54, according to city -size groups is as follows: Of the total enrollment reported in these public -school systems, the Group I cities reported 40.2 percent; Group II, 20.2 percent; Group III, 17.0 percent; Group IV, 12.1 percent; and Group V, 10.5 percent. (See Table 1, Comparative Summary of Statistics.) As compared with 1951-52 enrollments the largest increase in 1953-54 of 17.1 percent occurred in the Group V, or least populous, cities, while the smallest increase of 7.8 percent recorded for the five groups of cities took place in the Group I, or largest city school systems. * Enrollment is the number of different pupils registered in any given school unit in any given school year. This number may increase during a school year, but not decrease, and for this reason is distinct from school attendance. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 City public -school districts in large numbers over the Nation furnish high school facilities and education on a tuition basis for numbers of pupils originating in elementary school attendance areas outside the city school district boundaries. Bus transportation has made possible the arrange¬ ment whereby the urban high school serves pupils from outlying school attendance areas which, in their educational activities, are limited to elementary school grades. Grade Enrollment A comparison of the 1953-54 grade enrollments with those of 1939-40 reported by 379 city school systems selected from the Group I, II, and III cities (identical systems for the two periods) reveals some striking percentage changes in respect to (1) distribution by grade, and (2) numbers enrolled. In the 79 public -school systems in cities of 100,000 population or more used for this comparison, the kindergarten through eighth grade and special elementary classes in 1953-54 enrolled 77.5 percent of the total number of pupils, as compared to 68.6 percent of the total enrollment reported for these grades in 1939-40. For the four grades 9 to 12, plus secondary special and postgraduate classes, the percentage of the total enrollment of pupils had declined from 31.4 in 1939-40 to 22.5 percent in 1953-54. Similarly, there was a marked shifting in the proportions of the total enrollment reported by the 300 public-school systems in cities of 10,000 to 99,999 population between 1939-40 and 1953-54 in the grade distribution (see table IV, and fig. 1). Thus, while in 1939-40 the proportion of the total enrollment reported through grade 8 was 68.9 percent, in 1953-54 it had increased to 75.0 percent. Correspond¬ ingly, the proportion of the total enrollment in grades 9 and above in this 14-year period declined from 31.1 percent in 1939-40 to 25.0 percent in 1953-54. The above changes in the distribution of the total enrollment by grades for these two periods are reflections of persistently high birthrates which, beginning at the close of World War II, have created a tidal wave in enrollments in the lower grades, with their resulting current administrative problems for the public schools over the Nation. Figure 1 shows how the increase in the birthrate, starting in the middle 1940’s, had by 1953-54 resulted in enormously swollen enrollments as compared with those recorded for 1939-40. This school year of 1939-40, in its educational statistics, is fairly typical of the pre -World War II period and has been used for that reason. By the year 1953-54, enroll¬ ments in the regular full-time day schools, as reported for the first grade of the 79 public-school systems in cities of 100,000 population or more, had increased 60 percent; in the 300 public-school systems in cities of 10,000 to 99,999 population, the increase was 37 percent. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 As disclosed further in figure 1, as well as in table IV, the percentages of increase in enrollment in each of the first six grades were greater in the group of larger cities (population above 100,000) than in the group of smaller cities (population 10,000 to 99,999). By the seventh grade, the increases had diminished to 2.4 percent and 3.9 percent in the two groups of cities, respectively. In the eighth grade the enrollment showed de¬ creases compared with 1939-40. Pupils enrolled in the eighth grade, as well as those enrolled in grades 9 to 12 in 1953-54, were born prior to World War II. The percentages of decrease beginning with the eighth grade and continuing consistently through high school, reflect the trend in enrollments which prevailed through the 1930’s. In striking contrast to the present trend in public-school enrollment stands the comparison made for 1931-32 and 1939-40 of 390 public-school systems in cities of 2,500 or more population.4 In this earlier comparison the enrollments starting wnth kindergarten and extending through grade 8 and elementary specials showred an overall decline of nearly 15 percent in 85 cities of over 100,000 population, and of 11 percent in 305 cities of 2,500 to 100,000 population. In the grades 9 to 12 and high school specials, on the other hand, the enrollments in 1939-40 compared with 1931-32 showed an overall increase of around 30 percent. Despite the high school increase, the total enrollment for the full-time day schools in these 390 city school systems in 1939-40, as compared with 1931-32, showed decreases of 4.2 percent for the large cities, and 2.3 percent for the group of smaller cities. In the light of the reversal in enrollment trends during the past decade, it is amusing to note the comment made in 1939-40 regarding the declin¬ ing elementary school enrollments recorded for that year, which led to the belief that "the implications of such trends (as these declining ele¬ mentary school enrollments) in terms of construction and utilization of school buildings and in terms of demand for teachers are obvious." Less than 15 years later, the same comment can be made wdth complete reversal in meaning because of unprecedented increases in enrollments. The overall numerical increase in enrollment for the 379 public-school systems from 1939-40 to 1953-54, in kindergarten through grade 8 (in¬ cluding elementary specials), was 824,585 pupils, or 21 percent; for all grades (kindergarten through secondary grades) the increase wTas 444,723 pupils, or 8.2 percent. Attendance ( Full-Time Day Schools ) In 1939-40, of every 100 pupils enrolled in city public-school systems, there was in daily attendance an average of 86.6 pupils. In 1951-52 the average daily attendance of 12,307,942 was 85.3 percent of the total enrollment. From 1949-50 to 1953-54 there was an increase of 2,744,147, 4 Statistics of City School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42, vol. II, ch. VII, pp. 2-5, Biennial Surveys of Education in the United States, 1938-40 and 1940-42. 398312—56 - 2 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 PERCENT CHANGE IN GRADE ENROLLMENT IN 379 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS '40 1953- 54 COMPARED WITH 1939- 40 K I 2 34 56789 10 II 12 GRADE Figure 1. or 24.8 percent, in the number of pupils in average daily attendance, compared with an increase of 3,216,740, or 25.3 percent, in the number of pupils enrolled. The average daily attendance in 1953-54 for these 3,775 city school systems totaled 13,784,092 pupils. (See Table 1, Com¬ parative Summary of General Statistics.) The percentage of pupils enrolled in average daily attendance has been increasing with each decade. Going back to the beginning of this century, the attendance reported in 1900 was only 74.6 percent of the enrollment; in 1910, 79.6 percent; in 1920, 78.6 percent; in 1930, 84.4; in 1940, 86.6; and in 1950, 86.9 percent for the city school systems of the Nation. In CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 Table IV. — Percent of enrollment in each grade in public day schools in 379 city school systems: 1939-40 and 1953-54 379 Cities 10,000 Pop¬ ulation or More 79 Cities 100,000 Pop¬ ulation or More 300 Cities 10,000 to 99,999 Population Grade Percent of total enrollment in each grade Percent change, 1939-40 to Percent of total enrollment in each grade Percent change, 1939-40 to Percent of enrollment in each grade Percent change, 1939-40 to 1939-40 1953-54 1953-54 1939-40 1953-54 1953-54 1939-40 1953-54 1953-54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Grand total _ 100.0 100.0 +8.2 100.0 100.0 +7.2 100.0 100.0 +10.2 Kindergarten through grade 8 and elementary specials 68.7 76.9 +21.0 68.6 77.5 +21.6 68.9 75.0 +19.9 K _ 4.8 8.3 +85.8 5.7 8.9 +70.8 3.1 6.8 +142. 1 1 _ 8.4 11.9 +51.9 8.1 12.0 +60.2 9.2 11.4 +37.0 2. _ _ 7.7 9.8 +37.8 7.3 9.6 +42.5 8.4 9.9 +29.5 3 _ _ _ 7.7 8.0 +14.4 7.4 8.1 +18.1 8.3 8.1 +7.7 4 _ 7.8 8.0 +8.1 7.6 7.9 +11.8 8.2 8.0 +7.8 5 _ 7.8 8.2 +14.0 7.6 8.2 +14.9 8.1 8.3 +12.5 6 . - _ _ 7.7 7.8 +8.4 7.6 7.7 +7.8 8.0 7.9 +9.6 7 _ 7.6 7.0 +2.8 7.5 7.0 +2.4 7.7 7.3 +3.9 8 _ 7.5 6.5 -5.6 7.5 6.5 -9.1 7.4 6.7 -.4 Special - - 1.7 1.3 -17.6 2.3 1.6 -22.0 .5 .6 +23.6 Grades 9 to 12 and second¬ ary specials and post¬ graduates . . . 31.3 23.1 -20.0 31.4 22.5 -24.2 31.1 25.0 -11.4 9 _ _ 8.9 6.7 -18.6 8.9 6.5 -21.9 8.9 7.1 -11.8 10 _ 8.3 6.1 -12.6 8.3 5.9 -24.0 8.4 6.6 -13.6 11 _ _ 6.9 4.9 -22.5 6.7 4.6 -25.5 7.3 5.5 -16.9 12 _ 5.6 4.2 -19.0 5.5 3.9 -24.2 5.7 4.7 -8.7 Special and postgradu¬ ates _ _ 1.6 1.2 -18.5 2.0 1.6 -31.5 • 8 1.1 +48.0 1953-54 it was back to the 1940 figure of 86.6 percent. (See Table 1, Comparative Summary of General Statistics.) Except for those school years during war periods in the past half century, when there were recessions in the percentage of attendance to enrollment, the power of the schools to attract daily a larger proportion of pupils enrolled has been more or less steady. The reversals in the trend have occurred during periods of crisis, such as war or depression, and have been but temporary setbacks in the progress toward the ultimate in relation¬ ship between attendance and enrollment, i. e. virtually daily attendance by all pupils enrolled at the time (membership) who are not on the sick list or quarantined. The increase in average daily attendance during the past several decades can he ascribed to the influences of various causes, outstanding among which are (1) improved economic resources, or increased per capita income for the Nation; (2) improved sanitary conditions resulting in better health standards for pupils; (3) greater attention to the needs of a pupil as an individual; (4) higher standards of teaching due to better preparation of teachers; (5) a greater variety of school programs, or curricula, permit¬ ting greater adaptation to pupil needs for creating greater interest in 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 school work; (6) better guidance and counseling programs; (7) increasing interest and a better informed attitude toward educational problems on the part of parents; (8) stricter and more practical methods in the enforcement of the school attendance laws; (9) and numerous other social and economic factors in a society grown more mature than in the years of the frontier. The ideal in attendance for the public schools envisions a yet greater per¬ centage in average daily attendance, particularly in the secondary schools of the Nation, than presently prevails. Pupil-Teacher Ratio By dividing the total number of pupils by the total number of teaching positions one may obtain a quotient which is technically known as the "pupil-teacher ratio.” Only the classroom teachers (in terms of number of positions) are included in this ratio. The average pupil-teacher ratio in all city school systems combined was 28 pupils enrolled and 25 pupils in average daily attendance for the 1953-54 school year. (See table V.) Table V. — Number of pupils enrolled and in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Enrolled In average daily attendance Enrolled In average daily attendance Enrolled In average daily atendance Enrolled In average daily attendance Enrolled In average daily attendance Enrolled _ 1 In average daily attendance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1939-40- _ _ 32 28 33 29 30 27 31 27 131 i 27 1941-42—. 31 26 33 27 29 24 29 25 i 29 i 25 1943-44 . 31 25 33 27 29 24 29 25 i 29 i 25 1945-46 _ _ 30 25 32 27 28 24 29 25 i 29 1 25 1947-48 _ _ 29 25 31 26 27 24 28 24 28 24 28 24 1949-50 _ 28 25 30 25 27 23 27 24 28 24 28 24 1951-52 _ 29 24 30 25 27 24 27 24 28 24 28 24 1953-54 . . . 28 25 30 25 27 24 28 24 27 24 27 24 1 Groups IV and V combined. Prior to 1947-48 no data were recorded, separately, on Group V. Length of School Year and Number of Days Attended ( Full-Time Day Schools) In 1953-54 the average number of days the schools were in session (days actually taught) in city school systems was 180, or a day less than the average reported for 1949-50. The average length of the city school term has remained within the same narrow range of 180 to 182 days over a long period of years. (See table VI.) CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 Table VI. — Number of days schools were taught and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 Population group Bays taught, by school year Days attended, by school year 1939- 40 1947- 48 1949- 50 1951- 52 1953- 54 1939- 40 1947- 48 1949- 50 1951- 52 1953- 54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All groups Combined- Group I.. . . Group II _ .. _ _ Group III _ Group IV _ _ Group V _ _ 182 182 181 180 180 158 156 158 154 156 185 181 180 i 179 184 181 180 180 179 185 180 178 179 178 183 180 178 179 178 182 180 179 179 178 158 158 159 U57 154 158 158 157 155 158 159 157 157 158 152 156 155 155 153 154 158 158 158 156 i Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded, separately, on Group V prior to 1947-48. However, this average school term conceals wide variations which exist among individual city school systems composing the five city -size groups. Table VII shows the distribution of 1,638 city school systems according to the average length of the school year in days. It shows that 863 city school systems, or 52.7 percent of the number involved, had a school year varying from 176 to 180 days; 82.8 percent of the city school systems maintain a school year of 176 days, or longer. The varying length of the school year supported by these individual city school systems ranges from 166 to 195 days of actual teaching. The average length of the school year taught for a combination of two or more systems is obtained by dividing the aggregate attendance (the total number of days attended by all pupils) by the number of pupils in average daily attendance. (See Table 1, Comparative Summary of General Statistics.) Although there has not been any great variation in the length of the average school term within recent years there has been considerable reduction in many ^cities since 1879-80. According to the report of the Table VII. — Distribution of 1,638 school systems according to number of days schools were taught: 1953—54 Length of school term (actual num¬ ber of days taught) All groups combined Group I Group II Group ni Group IV Group V Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total.. 1,638 100.0 100 100.0 387 100.0 551 100.0 300 100.0 300 100.0 166-170 . . 8 .5 1 1.0 0 0 2 .4 1 .3 4 1.3 171-175 _ 273 16.7 12 12.0 56 14.5 64 11.6 61 20.3 80 26.7 176-180 _ 863 52.7 49 49.0 196 50.6 281 51.0 172 57.4 165 55.0 181-185 . . 408 24.9 29 29.0 110 28.4 174 31.6 51 17.0 44 14.7 186-190 _ 81 4.9 8 8.0 22 5.7 29 5.2 15 5.0 7 2.3 191-195 . 5 .3 1 1.0 3 .8 1 .2 0 0 0 0 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Commissioner of Education for that year, the schools in 95 cities having a population of 7,500 and more were in session 196 days or more, and in several of these cities the schools were in session more than 200 days. Contrary to common belief, city schools are currently in session for shorter terms annually than they were before the turn of the century. In 1900, city schools were in session an average of approximately 188 days, or at least 7 days more than in 1953-54. From earlier reports published by individual city school systems (circa 1840) it is found that the schools in the following large cities were in session practically the year round: New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Boston, Baltimore, Cin¬ cinnati, Cleveland, Buffalo, Washington, D. C., and Detroit. The custom then prevailing was that of dividing the school year in the greater number of cities into terms of 12 weeks each with a vacation of a week at the end of each term. In some cities all the vacation came in the summer season except for a week at Christmas time. The summer vacation was extended gradually until the school year was reduced to about 9 or 10 months. On the average a full-time day pupil enrolled in a city public elementary or high school attended only 158 days of the average 180 day term provided in 1953-54. This shows an apparent loss of 22 days, or around 12 percent of the normal school year. However, if it were possible to use the average daily membership figure, i. e., "active enrollment,” or those pupils in attendance daily plus those absent, the difference between average mem¬ bership and average daily attendance would not be as great as that be¬ tween total enrollment and average daily attendance. This difference between membership and total enrollment has been estimated at approxi¬ mately 8 or 9 percent, as compared with about 15 percent for the differ¬ ence between average daily attendance and enrollment. Thus, the loss of 22 days per pupil enrolled would be reduced to a loss of only 10 days in each school year per pupil while in membership. (See table VI.) Many of the city school systems do not maintain records on daily membership, therefore average daily attendance is used as an alternative measure for statistical purposes. Administrative and Instructional Staff The public full-time day school systems (kindergarten through post secondary) in cities of 2,500 population or more employed in 1953-54 the following professional personnel (see Table 1, Comparative Summary): 6,873 superintendents, assistant superintendents, and other administra¬ tive staff members, which number represented an increase of 13 percent over that reported for these systems in 1951-52; 6,997 supervisors, as compared to 6,383 in 1951-52, or an increase of 10 percent; 24,902 prin¬ cipals versus 22,781 in 1951-52, or a 9 percent increase; and 560,512 teachers and other nonsupervisory instructional staff personnel, or an “CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 increase over 1951-52 in this category (including the municipal college teacher personnel)44 of 54,590, or 10.9 percent, to meet the pupil enroll¬ ment increase of 10.4 percent reported for the 2 -year period of 1951-52 to 1953-54. The men numbered 142,785, or 25.5 percent of the total number of teachers and other instructional staff personnel employed in 1953-54. (See table VIII.) This is the highest percentage of men teachers em¬ ployed in any year (for all groups combined) for the past 14 years, 1939-40 to 1953-54. (See table VIII.) Of the five city groups, the largest percentage of men employed as teachers was reported for the Group V cities, population 2,500 to 4,999. The consistent increase in the proportion of men teachers reported by city school systems since 1945-46, possibly reflects the greater stress being placed upon such subjects as physical education, chemistry, mathe¬ matics, physics, and vocational education, which are the areas in teach¬ ing most frequently served by men. It may be due also to the improve¬ ment in salary schedules over the past decade; and that these improved salary schedules have attracted many World War II, and Korean War ex-servicemen who under the GI training programs have been prepared to qualify for teaching as a career. Table VIII. — Percent of men teachers in full-time day schools , by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 ... 20.6 19.7 19.4 21.0 1 23.5 1941-42- 21.5 20. 1 20.6 22.4 1 24. 1 1943-44 _ 17.6 18.0 17.5 18.2 i 16.5 1945.46... . . . 19.1 19.3 18.4 18.6 1 19.6 1947-48 _ 21.1 20.8 20.3 21.7 22.4 21.4 1949-50 _ _ _ 22.5 21.4 21.5 23.0 24.1 25.2 1951-52 _ _ _ 24.3 23.2 23.3 25.3 25.8 27.3 1953-54 _ _ _ 25.5 24.3 24.6 26.6 26.8 27.8 1 Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded, separately, on Group V prior to 1947-48. Supervisory and Teaching Staff (Full-Time Schools ) In 1953-54 the number of teachers to a supervisor (80) for all groups of city school systems combined, showed an increase of 3 teachers as com¬ pared to the ratio of 77 teachers per supervisor in 1949-50. Among the 5 groups of cities, decreases in the teacher-supervisor ratios were reported in 1953-54 by the Group I, or largest cities, by the Group III, or medium¬ sized cities, and by the Group IV cities, as contrasted with increases in the similar ratios shown for the Group II cities (population 25,000 to 99,999), 4a The city colleges, or postsecondary personnel and enrollments accounted for less than 1.0 percent of the totals above enumerated. 14 J3IENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 and the Group V cities (population 2,500 to 9,999). These increases in the teacher-supervisory ratios may reflect the need existing in the medium¬ sized, and small city school systems for additional supervisory services for the purpose of strengthening and improving the instructional function. The ratios of teachers to principals have remained almost constant for each of the groups of larger cities (10,000 population and over) during the past decade. In the Group IV and V cities only has this ratio of teachers to principals shown some slight changes over the past several bienniums (table IX). In 1953-54 the ratios in each of the Group IV and V cities equalized to 22 teachers per principal as compared with ratios of 23 and 20 teachers per principal, respectively, reported in 1951-52. Table I X.— Number of teachers per supervisor and per principal in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Per supervisor Per principal j Per supervisor Per principal Per supervisor Per principal Per supervisor Per principal Per supervisor Per principal Per supervisor Per principal ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1939-40 _ _ _ 91 24 119 24 66 24 61 22 1 119 i 27 1941-42 . 92 24 117 24 62 23 62 23 1 150 i 28 1943-44 95 22 112 23 63 22 64 21 1 196 i 22 1945-46 _ 90 23 93 23 61 22 76 22 1 174 l 24 1947-48 . . . . 82 22 94 23 55 22 65 22 102 22 176 21 1949-50 _ 77 22 94 23 53 22 57 21 93 22 160 22 1951-52 _ _ 79 22 93 23 51 22 64 21 127 23 188 20 1953-54 _ _ 80 22 87 23 54 22 62 22 112 22 307 22 1 Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded, separately, on group V prior to 1947-48. Part-Time (Adult, Americanisation, Night, and Con¬ tinuation) Schools and Summer Schools The number of city school systems with night, Americanization, part- time, and continuation schools as an integral part of the instructional function and responsible to the board of educationdias varied appreciably during the 14-year period of 1939-40 to 1953-54. The reporting of the data in this area, however, is not as reliable and complete as desired, and for this reason the figures presented should be used with this limitation in mind. In the period 1939-40 to 1953-54 enrollments in these classes and schools increased by 405,029 persons, or by 36.8 percent. b The peak of enrollments occurred in 1949-50, although the largest number of public-school systems (947) with this type of educational activity ^for the five city-size population groups combined was recorded for 1951-52. The number of pupils enrolled per instructional staff CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 member (supervisors, principals, and teachers) was 47 in 1951-52 as compared to 61 pupils in 1953-54, the heaviest instructional load reported in the 14-year period. Of the 100 public-school systems comprising the Group I cities of 100,000 population or more, only 76 reported on this type of educational activity in 1953-54 (see Table 1, Comparative Summary of General Statistics), as compared to 85 systems in 1951-52. Similarly, each of the other four city-size groups registered declines in the number of systems conducting part-time educational programs, but the enrollment in 1953-54 declined in the Group V, or smallest city systems, only, as compared with 1951-52. The number of personnel employed for in¬ struction, by contrast, declined in each city group except Group IV (population 5,000 to 9,999) in the same 2-year period. It is difficult to account satisfactorily for this apparent decline in the part-time school program, particularly as it applies to the public-school systems in the Group I and II cities. Among the five city groups, the Group II cities (population 10,000 to 24,999) reported the largest number (99 cities) conducting summer schools. This group likewise reported the smallest staff-load of 24 pupils per staff member. However, the Group I cities reported enrollment of 207,090 pupils, or more than 70 percent of the 288,519 pupils reported in summer schools in all five city -size groups in 1953-54. Instructional staff number 7,823, or 1 for every 37 pupils enrolled. (See Table 1, Comparative Summary of General Statistics.) In 1953-54 the number of public -school systems conducting summer schools in the various city-sized groups was practically unchanged over the 1951-52 number except as reported for the Group IV and V cities. The overall enrollment for the five city groups showed a decline, however, in 1953-54 over 1951-52 of 38,387, while number of staff personnel decreased by 500 for the same period. The Group V, or smallest sized cities, reported for 1953-54 an increase in enrollment nearly triple that of 1951-52 (1,081 in 1951-52 versus 2,993 in 1953-54), although the number of staff personnel (supervisors, principals, and teachers) increased by only 7. This apparent disproportionate increase in the ratio of pupils to staff personnel in the small city school is due to the inclusion in these summer school figures of purely recreational or summer playground programs by some cities. In such recreational programs, 1, 2, or 3 personnel have been credited with handling programs averaging from 100 to 250 children or adults per day during a 30- to^35-day summer term. Thus, the average number of pupils per member of the summer school instructional staff in the Group Y small city system appears relatively so much greater than that recorded for any of the other city¬ sized groups in 1953-54. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table X. — Pupils and staff of part-time ( adult Americanization , night , and continuation ) schools and summer schools in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1953-54 Year Adult, Americanization, night, and con¬ tinuation schools Summer schools Number of systems with part- time schools Super¬ visors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment Pupils enrolled per staff member 1 Number of systems with summer schools Super¬ visors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment Pupils enrolled per staff member 1 • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1939-40 _ _ 482 20, 495 1, 099, 343 53 170 3,938 127,452 32 1945-46 . . 532 18, 607 956, 154 51 173 5,402 215, 254 40 1947-48 . . . 876 20,625 1, 177, 282 57 278 8, 042 264, 651 33 1949-50. . . 889 26, 493 1, 544, 829 58 304 9, 134 300, 657 33 1951-52 2_. . . 947 30, 647 1, 440, 973 47 265 8, 332 326, 906 39 1953-54 2. - . 785 24, 803 1, 504, 372 61 286 7,823 288, 519 37 1 Includes all instructional staff. 2 Corrected for sampling, to be comparable with complete coverage in previous years. Finances Sources of Revenue In 1953-54, school revenues in cities having a population of 2,500 or more were derived as follows: 63.1 percent came from city school taxes (including 2.3 percent in transfers of funds between school districts for tuition fee payments) 27.8 percent, including about 1.8 percent of Federal funds for vocational education, came from the State; 6.9 percent from the county; and 2.2 percent from all other sources. The 63.1 percent derived from local taxes included 59.2 percent (of the total) collected for current expenses and 3.9 percent collected for debt service. From this analysis it will be noted that the greater part of the tax burden of supporting the public-school systems in cities rests on the local city taxpayer. In this connection it could be pointed out that in many instances in the process of county and State equalization programs the city pays into the county treasury, where there is a county school tax, and into the State treasury more than is returned to it from these agencies in appropriations for school purposes. There is considerable variation in the percentage distribution of revenue receipts by source for the same year for city school systems of the different groups. For example, the school systems in Groups IV and V cities (popu¬ lation 2,500 to 9,999) received much larger percentages of funds from the State governments than did cities of other groups (see table XI). This is so because the distribution of State funds is frequently made on the principle of apportioning aid to local districts in accordance with their lack of financial resources to support their schools. Small city school systems, being less able, generally, to finance schools, receive a propor- CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 tionately larger share of State funds than do the school systems in the large cities. For instance, Groups I and II cities each received less than 26 percent of their support from State funds, while the Groups IV and V cities received 33 and 36 percent, respectively, of their school support from State aid funds. Table XI.— Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city school systems , by population group: 1953-54 Population group Total Federal Govern¬ ment (direct) State govern¬ ment, includ ing Fed¬ eral aid for voca¬ tional educa¬ tion County govern¬ ment Total Local From taxation and mu¬ nicipal appro¬ priations for cur¬ rent ex¬ pense 1 sources From taxa¬ tion for debt service 2 From other districts for tui¬ tion and transfer All other sources 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1953-54 All groups combined. . 100.0 1.8 26.0 6.9 63.1 56.9 3.9 2.3 2.2 Group I . . 100.0 1.1 20.9 6.6 69.8 66.4 2.9 .5 1.6 Group II _ _ _ 100.0 2.6 25.7 6.9 62.1 53.8 6.2 2.1 2.7 Group III _ 100.0 2.5 29.7 9.2 56.3 48.3 4.2 3.8 2.3 Group IV _ 100.0 1.9 33.0 6.0 56.1 47.2 3.9 5.0 3.0 Group V... . . 100.0 1.9 35.7 5.4 54.0 45.7 3.1 5.2 3.0 1941-43 All groups Combined- 100.0 .5 23.1 1.7 73.4 62.6 9.2 1.6 1.3 Change in percentage, 1941-42 to 1953-54 _ +1.3 +2.9 +5.2 -10.3 -5.7 -5.3 +.7 +.9 1 For current expense, or capital outlay, excluding separate levies for debt service. 2 Separate levies only. Expenditures Salaries of instructional staff {full-time day schools). — Data are available for comparing the average annual salaries of supervisors, principals, and teachers in 1939-40, 1949-50, and 1953-54. (See table XII.) From 1939-40 to 1953-54 on the basis of a dollar of constant value, the average salary of supervisors in city school systems rose $833, or 16.7 percent; that of principals had increased by only $174, or 3.0 percent; and the average salary of teachers showed a gain of $457, or 12.2 percent for the 14-year period. The average salary of principals at $6,002 for all city¬ sized groups in 1953-54 was $186 higher than that paid supervisors, and $1,802 more than that paid teachers. However, in Group I cities, the average salaries for supervisors and for principals each showed decreases in 1953-54 over 1951-52, in terms of dollars of constant purchasing power. For supervisors, the average salary declined $26, or 0.4 percent, and for principals the amount paid was $430 less in 1953-54 than that in 1939^10. This was a 5.8 percent 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 loss in average salary over the 14 -year period. The average salary of teachers in these large cities increased $20, or 0.4 percent for the period. The decrease in average salaries is perhaps ascrihahle to the entrance of many new principals and teachers into these city school systems, starting at the lower levels of the salary scale, to replace older instructional personnel in higher salary brackets. This would tend to reduce salary averages. In contrast to the general decreases in the average of salaries reported in Group I cities and the moderate increases in the 14-year period shown for Group II cities, the less populous cities of Groups III, and of IV and V combined, had overall increases of 33.1 and 40.5 percent, respectively, between 1939-40 and 1953-54 for the 3 categories of personnel. (The Group V cities, prior to 1947-48, were included as part of the Group IV cities embracing the population range from 2,500 to 9,999.) The average salaries in the Group V cities in each of the types of positions reported for 1953-54 are closely comparable with those shown for the Group IV city school systems. (See table XII.) The average salary paid the instructional staff, i. e., supervisors, principals, and teachers by city school systems in 1953-54 was $4,285, as compared to $3,835 for the Nation as a whole. In amounts, as well as in percentages, the cities of the three less populous groups continued in 1953-54 the trend of increases in salaries greater than those shown by the larger cities. The smaller school systems have had much further to rise from their lower levels of salary schedules in this 1939-40 to 1953-54 period. Table XII is of especial interest, for it also shows the relationship between the trends in the average annual salaries of teachers and the national per capita personal income.5 In terms of an adjusted dollar with purchasing power of 1953-54 value, the average national per capita personal income increased 54.5 percent, or by $624, between 1940 and 1954, while for the same 14-year period the increase in the average salary for the total instructional staff (supervisors, principals, and teachers) for all groups combined was 11.9 percent, or an average of $457. For this 14-year period, the percentage increases in the amount of national per capita personal income and in the average salary of the instructional staff showed an inverse relationship to city-size of school system. The larger the city-sized group, the greater was the percentage difference between the increase in average salaries as compared with the increase in the national per capita personal income. For example, the average salaries for the total instructional staff in the Group I cities for the 14-year period, in terms of the 1953-54 adjusted dollar, showed an increase of $11, or 0.2 percent as contrasted with the increase in the 5 Souece: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current Business, September 1955 issue. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 national per capita personal income of 54.5 percent, or $624 for the period. The Group II cities reported a 19.5 percent increase in the average annual salary of total instructional staff; Group III cities, 33.1 percent; and the Group IV and V cities (population 2,500 to 10,000) showed an increase of 40.5 percent, compared to the 54.5 increase in the national per capita personal income during the 14-year period. As pointed out in a recent bulletin of the National Education Asso¬ ciation 6 there is still another index which shows the relative value of increases in teachers’ salaries: ”From 1939 to 1953 (the latest year avail¬ able for comparison) the average employed person’s earnings rose 184 percent while earnings of all public -school teachers increased only 155 percent.” Thus the teacher had to compete at a level in purchasing power below the prevailing standard level of the average employed per¬ son’s earnings. This disparity between the percentage increases in the national per capita personal income, and the increases in average annual salaries of teachers over a 14-year period, seems to indicate an absence of coordi¬ nation between financial resources and school needs. The data reveal two basic problems: (1) How to gear salaries to the socioeconomic need on the one hand, and the available resources, on the other; and (2) How to cushion the educational system in its financial needs against serious continued decline in the purchasing power of the dollar. Distribution of city school expenditures among basic accounts. — An analysis of that part of the total expenditure which was used for current expenditure of all city school systems combined for 1953-54 shows that 3.5 percent was devoted to Administration (General Control of the School System); 70.7 percent for Instruction; 10.0 percent for Operation of the School Plant; 4.6 percent for Maintenance of the School Plant; 5.0 percent for Auxiliary School Services; and for Fixed Charges 5.1 percent; also 1.1 percent went for adult education and for summer school programs. Of the total expenditure for the 5 city groups, 75.0 percent was used for the Current Expenditures; 17.0 for Capital Outlay; 6.3 for Debt Service, excluding interest; and 1.7 percent for Interest during 1953-54. Since conditions vary so widely among city school systems, no hard-and- fast rule can be made as to what proportion of the total current expendi¬ ture fund should be allocated to each of the six major current -expenditure accounts. For example, a Southern city may find it necessary to expend only a relatively small amount for the Operation of the School Plant account, while a northern city school system, subject to a more rigorous winter climate, may find unavoidable the spending of a relatively large proportion of its total current funds for this account. However, if it is desired to follow prevailing general practice, in allocating the total current expendi¬ ture funds among the six major accounts, the percentages given in table # Salaries and Salary Schedules, N. E. A. Research Bulletin, April 1955. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Table XII. — Comparison of changes in average annual salaries and national per capita personal income: 1939-40 , 1949-50 , and 1953-54 Total instructional Supervisors Principals Teachers City-sized group 1939- 1949- 1953- 1939- 1949- 1953- 1939- 1949- 1953- 1939- 1949- 1953- 40 50 54 40 50 54 40 50 54 40 50 54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. National per capita per - sonal income > Amount per capita per- sonal income: Unadjusted... . $595 $1, 491 $1, 770 $595 $1, 491 $1, 770 $595 $1, 491 $1,694 $1, 770 $1, 770 $595 $1, 491 $1, 694 $1, 770 $1, 770 Adjusted 2 _ $1, 146 $1, 694 $1, 770 $1, 146 $1,694 $1, 770 $1, 146 $1, 146 Percent of change over 1940 (on the basis of an adjusted dollar) ... +47.8 +54.5 +47.8 +54.5 +47.8 +54.5 +47.8 +54.5 2. Average annual salaries All Groups Combined: Average salary (unad- justed) _ $1, 988 $3, 518 $4, 285 $2,588 $4,779 $5,816 $3,027 $4, 995 $6,002 $1, 939 $3,437 $4, 190 Average salary (ad- justed) _ $3, 828 $3,996 $4, 285 $4,983 $5,429 $5,816 $5,828 $5, 674 $6,002 $3,733 $3,904 $4, 190 Percent of change over 1940 (on the basis of an adjusted dollar) .. +4.4 +11.9 +9.0 +16.7 -2.7 +3.0 +4.6 +12.2 Group I: Average salary (unad¬ justed) _ $2, 514 $4, 019 $4, 851 $3, 573 $5, 597 $6,853 $3, 852 $5, 755 $6,987 $2,450 $3,927 $4, 737 Average salary (ad¬ justed) _ $4,840 $4, 566 $4, 851 $6,879 $6,358 $6,853 $7,417 $6,538 $6, 987 $4, 717 $4, 461 $4,737 Percent of change over 1940 (on basis of an adjusted dol¬ lar) -5.7 +.2 -7.6 —.4 -11.9 -5.8 -5.4 +.4 Group 11: Average salary (unad¬ justed) _ $1,854 $3, 531 $4, 267 $2, 536 $4,715 $5,615 $2,890 $4, 979 $5, 935 $1,800 $3, 445 $4, 167 Average salary (ad¬ justed) _ $3, 570 $4, 011 $4, 267 $4,883 $5,356 $5, 615 $5,564 $5,656 $5,935 $3, 466 $3,914 $4, 167 Percent of change over 1940 (on basis of an adjusted dol¬ lar) _ +12.4 +19.5 +9.7 +15.0 +1.7 +6.7 +12.9 +20.2 Group III: Average salary (unad¬ justed) _ $1, 562 $3,176 $4,004 $1, 941 $4,249 $5, 039 $2, 343 $4, 387 $5,463 $1, 519 $3, 101 $3, 921 Average salary (ad¬ justed).. . $3, 007 $3,608 $4,004 $3,737 $4,827 $5,039 $4,511 $4, 984 $5,463 $2,925 $3,523 $3, 921 Percent of change over 1940 (on basis of an adjusted dol¬ lar) +20.0 +33.1 +29.2 +34.8 +10.5 +21.1 +20.4 +34.1 Group IV and V Com¬ bined: Average salary (unad¬ justed) . . . $1, 332 $2, 910 $3,604 $1,829 $4,006 $4, 777 $1, 882 $4,087 $5,002 $1, 309 $2, 846 $3,532 Average salary (ad¬ justed) _ $2,565 $3, 306 $3,604 $3,522 $4, 551 $4, 777 $3, 624 $4,643 $5,002 $2,520 $3, 233 $3, 532 Percent of change over 1940 (on basis of an adjusted dol¬ lar) +28.9 +40.5 +29.2 +35.6 +28.1 +38.0 +28.3 +40.2 1 Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current Business, September 1955 issue. Data are for 1940, 1950, and 1954. 2 The adjustment to dollars with the same purchasing power as in 1953-54 was made by use of the Consumer Price Index. (Monthly figures needed for calculation were obtained from Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, February 1955 issue.) XIII should provide fairly reliable criteria for such purpose. In general, the city school systems which distribute their current expenditure dollar ■CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 so that from 3 to 5 percent is expended for Administration, from 68 to 73 percent for Instruction, from 9 to 12 percent for Operation, from 3 to 5 percent for Maintenance, from 3 to 8 percent for Auxiliary School Services, and from 4 to 9 percent for Fixed Charges, are conforming closely to the pattern prevailing generally in allocating of the school dollar for current expenditures. (See table XIII.) Although the percentage distribution of the total expenditure for the six major current -expenditure accounts appears to be fairly uniform among the different city -sized groups, the percentage analysis made for individual cities within groups discloses wide variations. For example, in a sample of 455 cities,7 the proportions of the total current expenditure ranged from 1.1 to 9.7 percent for Administration; 56.5 to 88.9 percent for In¬ struction; 2.9 to 23.5 percent for Operation of School Plant; 0 to 20.9 percent for Maintenance of School Plant; 0 to 22.4 percent for Auxiliary School Services; and from 0 to 14.2 percent for Fixed Charges. (See table XIV.) In general, it is noted, that as the size of the city increases the percentage of the total current expense dollar devoted to the Administration, Opera¬ tion of the School Plant, and Auxiliary School Services accounts decreases and the percentage for the Instruction and Fixed Charges accounts in¬ creases. The percentage for the Maintenance Account appeared rela¬ tively greater among the small cities in 1953-54. A comparison of the percentages of funds used for these various accounts shows that Groups II and III cities used the largest proportion of the total current expense funds for Instruction, 73.1 and 72.5 percent, respectively when the amounts used for part-time and summer schools are included with the expenditure reported for full-time day school instruction. The groups of largest cities (I, II, and III) used the smallest percentages (3.0, 3.1, and 3.8) for Administration (General Control). A like comparison is true of the percentages of expenditures made for Auxiliary School Services, in which the item of transportation increases greatly the total amounts expended by the small city school systems in contrast to the expenditures for the account reported by the large school systems of Group I and II. The expenditures for Fixed Charges, on the other hand, vary only in respect to the Group I cities, where the percentage of the total current fund used is much greater than that in any of the other four groups. This variation reflects in great measure the larger amounts allocated by the Group I cities to retirement funds and pensions. The percentages of the total current expenditure used for Operation and Maintenance of the School Plant, respectively, varied but slightly among the five groups of cities in 1953-54. (See table XIV.) 7 See Current Expenditure Per Pupil in Public School Systems, 1953-54. Departmen a Health, Educa tion, and Welfare, Office of Education, Circulars 436 and 438. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Tabic XIII. — Percentage analysis of current and total expenditures in city school systems , by population group: 1953-54 \ Purpose All groups City-sized group com¬ bined I II III IV V i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current expenditures _ . _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Administration: Business _ _ _ 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 Education _ _ _ _ _ 1.9 1.5 1.5 2.1 2.8 3.2 Total _ _ _ _ 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.8 4.5 4.7 Instruction. .. - 70.7 70.3 72.2 72.0 70.2 68.1 Operation of school plant - 10.0 9.7 10.6 10.4 9.8 9.4 Maintenance of school plant _ 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.2 3.9 4.1 Auxiliary school services: Chargeable to pupil cost _ 3.1 2.5 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.9 Transportation _ _ _ 1.6 .7 .9 1.8 2.9 4.8 Not chargeable to pupil cost . . .4 .5 1.0 .3 .3 .4 Fixed charges: Chargeable to pupil cost . . . . . 4.5 6.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.3 Not chargeable to pupil cost _ _ .6 .2 .4 .6 1.2 1.0 Part-time schools - - - .9 1.4 .6 .4 .4 .3 Summer schools - - - .2 .2 .3 .1 0) (0 Total expenditures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditure - - ... _ 75.0 75.9 73.8 75.0 73.0 76.2 Capital outlay _ _ _ _ ... ... 17.0 15.0 19.0 17.7 20.0 17.3 Debt service (excluding interest) _ _ _ . ... 6.3 7.4 5.7 5.7 5.2 4.9 Interest payments _ _ 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 » Less than of 1 percent. The national per capita disposable income, which is personal income after payment of taxes, increased 47.6 percent, or in amount hy $504.61 between 1939-40 and 1953-54, based on a constant dollar of 1953-54 pur¬ chasing power. The current expenditure per f pupil in average daily attendance for ail city -sized groups combined! increased 34.7 percent. There was therefore a much more rapid overall increase in per capita dis¬ posable income nationally than took place in the per pupil current expendi¬ ture between 1939-40 and 1953-54. . However, the per pupil expenditures in the Group III and Group IY city school systems exceeded percentage¬ wise the increases in the per capita disposable income for the 1939-40 to 1953-54 period. (See table XY.) Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance (Jull-time day schools ). — A review of the current expenditure per full-time day school pupil in average daily attendance for all city -sized groups combined shows an upward trend during the entire 14-year period starting in 1939- 40. The overall increase for all cities combinedjjwas $71.21, or 34.7 per¬ cent, expressed, in terms of a constant dollar of 1953-54 value. In 1939- 40 the average per pupil expenditure would have been $205.31 as compared to $276.52 per pupil in 1953-54, expressed in terms of the 1953-54 pur¬ chasing power. (See table XV.) The Group I cities had, on the average, the least increase, relatively and in actual amount, for the period under discussion. The average increases. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 (relatively, and in actual amount) in the other groups of cities from 1939- 40 to 1953-54 bore an inverse relationship to city-sized group. In other v words, the increases were progressively greater as city size decreased. The Group II cities for the 1939-40 to 1953-54 period increased the current expenditure 41.5 percent, as compared to the 54.5, and 60.3 percent increases, respectively, of Group III and IV cities. On the basis of the dollar expressed in terms of 1953-54 value, the school systems in the largest cities (Group I) expended $302.15 per pupil in average daily attendance in 1953-54 for the six major current expendi¬ ture accounts, or $57.20 per pupil more than in 1939-40. The Group II city school systems expended $277.37 per pupil, or $81.36 more than in 1939-40; the group III cities, $259.71 per pupil, or $91.58 more than in 1939-40; the Group IV cities, $246.97 per pupil, or an increase of $92.94 over 1939-40; and the Group V city school systems expended $242 per pupil, an increase of $51.64, or 27.1 percent over the amount expended per pupil by these small city systems in 1947-48 (the first year in which data were separately compiled for the Group V cities). Table XIV. — Range in percentages of total current expenditure per pupil allocated to each major account in city school systems: 1953-54 Major account Percentage range All groups combined (455 cities) Group I (84 cities) Group II (99 cities) Group III (154 cities) Groups IV and V com¬ bined (118 cities) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Administration _ Instruction- . . . Operation of physical plant _ Maintenance of physical plant _ Auxiliary school services _ Fixed charges. _ _ 1. 1- 9. 7 56. 5-88. 9 2. 9-23. 5 0. 0-20. 9 0.0-22.4 0. 0-14. 2 1. 1- 4. 9 66. 0-86. 3 6. 6-16. 2 2.8-11.4 0. 1- 9. 3 0. 4-14. 2 1.6- 5.2 66. 8-86. 3 6. 4-23. 5 1. 6- 10. 3 0. 1-12. 7 0. 1- 9. 8 1. 6- 9. 7 59. 9-88. 9 3.3-16.0 0. 0-11.9 0. 0-14. 4 0.0-11.2 1.3- 7.4 56. 5-88. 6 2. 9-16. 1 0. 4-20. 9 0.0-22.4 0.0- 9.6 Source: Current Expenditure per Pupil in Public-School Systems: 1953-54. Circulars No. 436 and 438, tables D, pp. 7 and 8, respectively, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Current expenditure for part-time {adult, Americanization , night , and continuation) and summer schools. — On the basis of a constant dollar of 1953-54 value the total expenditure of $33,273,000 for part-time (adult, Americanization, night, and continuation) schools and classes reported by 785 city school systems in the five groups of cities in 1953-54 was about twice that reported for 1939-40. Compared with the amount expended in 1939-40 on an unadjusted dollar basis ($8,441,000), the 1953-54 figure was around four times as great. However, between 1951-52 and 1953-54 the number of school systems reporting this type of education decreased by 162, or from 947 to 785, while the amount expended per pupil also decreased around $5 per pupil in the 2 -year period. 398312—56 - 3 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table XV. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city systems , by population group ( with com¬ parative data on per capita disposable income in the United States ): 1939—40 to 1953-54 Item 1939-40 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 Increase from 1939-40 to 1953-54 Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF UNADJUSTED DOLLARS All Groups Combined _ Group I - - Group II - Group III - - Group IV - - Group V _ _ Per capita disposable income in the United States 1 * 3 _ All Groups Combined . Group I . . — Group II _ _ Group III . . Group IV . . . . Group V _ _ Per capita disposable income in the United States 3. . . $106. 63 $150. 47 $198. 99 $223. 93 $256. 00 $276. 52 $169.89 159.3 127. 22 174. 01 220. 31 247. 57 282. 03 302. 15 174. 93 137.5 101. 80 152. 63 206. 14 229.49 258.22 277. 37 175. 57 172.5 87.32 132. 79 181. 08 205. 27 234. 53 259. 71 172. 39 197.4 } ' 80. 00 i 123. 60 / 167.78 \ 164.96 194.29 192. 69 225. 41 221. 20 246. 97 242. 00 164. 95 i 206. 2 551. 00 929. 00 1, 214. 00 1, 280. 00 1, 472. 00 1, 565. 51 1,014. 51 184.1 EXPRESSED IN DOLLARS OF SAME PURCHASING POWER AS IN 1953-54 3 $205. 31 $222. 02 $229. 63 $254. 38 $261. 96 $276. 52 $71. 21 34.7 244. 95 256. 75 254. 24 281.24 288.60 302. 15 57.20 23.4 196.01 225. 21 237. 89 260. 70 264.24 277. 37 81.36 41.5 168.13 195. 93 208. 97 233. 19 239. 99 259. 71 91.58 54.5 }i 154. 03 i 182. 37 / 193.62 \ 190. 36 220. 71 218. 90 230. 66 226. 35 246. 97 242. 00 } > 90. 92 1 59. 0 1, 060. 90 1, 370. 74 1, 400. 96 1, 454.08 1,506.30 1, 565. 51 504. 61 47.6 1 Data for Groups IV and V not available separately. 3 The adjustment to dollars with the same purchasing power as in 1953-54 was made by use of the Con¬ sumer Price Index. (The monthly Consumer Price Index figures needed for the calculation were obtained from the Monthly Labor Review, February 1955 issue.) 3 Source: Office of Business Economics, U. S. Department of Commerce, National Income, 1955 edition. The trend in the expenditures for this part-time educational program has been reversed since 1949-50, when it reached a peak of $39,178,000 from the previous low total expenditure of $8,441,000 reported in 1939-40 for these city school systems. Prior to 1949-50 a consistent progressive increase each biennium for at least a decade had prevailed in the amounts expended for this kind of educational activity in the city public-school systems. (See table XVI.) The Group I city school systems reported 68.7 percent of the total expenditure for all five groups; the Group II cities expended 15.2 percent of the total; Group III, 8.0 percent; Group IV, 4.7 percent; and Group V, 3.4 percent of the total expenditure reported in 1953-54 by 785 city school systems. Each of the five city -size groups shared in the decrease in total expenditure reported for 1953-54 as compared to the total amount reported for 1951-52. In terms of unadjusted or current dollars the reduction from 1949-50 to 1953-54 amounted to $5,905,000, while, on the basis of a constant dollar of 1953-54 value the decrease amounted to $12,233,000. Thus, the reduction in the expenditure over the 4-year period under discussion was 26.9 percent in terms of a 1953-54 adjusted 'CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 dollar. The expenditure per pupil for the various city-sized groups varied from a low of $16.08 per pupil in Group III (cities of 10,000 to 24,999 population), to a high of $35.03 per pupil in Group V, the smallest city systems. Groups I, II, and III cities had per pupil expenditures of $22.89, $20.86, and $24.07 respectively. (See Table 2, Comparative Sum¬ mary of Fiscal Data.) In 1953-54, 286 city school systems reported data on summer schools conducted as a tuition-free adjunct of the regular school system. Com¬ pared with the 1949-50 data on this tax-supported public summer school activity, the total expenditure reported for 1953-54 for all five groups of cities was $1,346,000 more, although the systems reporting numbered 18 fewer, than in 1949-50. Staff (supervisors, principals, and teachers) also decreased in number by 1,134 persons, and enrollments dropped off by 12,138 in this 4-year period. (See table VIII.) The Group I cities spent $18.48 per pupil enrolled in the summer school program; Group II cities expended $52.34 per pupil; Group III, $21.94; Group IV, $26.24; and $9.42 per pupil enrolled for Group V cities. (See Table 2, Comparative Summary of Fiscal Data.) This expenditure of public-school funds for summer programs has increased consistently in amounts for each biennium between 1939-40 and 1953-54. On the basis of an unadjusted dollar the total amount reported for this activity in 1939-40 was $847,000, or $6.65 per pupil enrolled. By 1953-54, the total had increased to $7,087,000, or $24.56 per pupil, a gain of $6,240,000, or 736.7 percent for the 14-year period. In terms of dollars of 1953-54 value, the expenditure in 1939-40 was equal to $1,631,000, as compared to the amount of $7,087,000 in 1953-54. And in constant dollars of 1953-54 value the per pupil expenditure in 1939-40 was $12.80, as compared to $24.56 in 1953-54. (See table XVI.) Capital outlay. — The total expenditure in 1953-54 by all city school systems for sites, new buildings, additions, improvements, and new equip¬ ment was $884,024,000, or $64.13 per pupil, as compared to $61,725,000, or $5.80 per pupil in 1941-42. During the years of World War II expen¬ diture for capital outlays was greatly curtailed because of shortages of building materials of all kinds, and the per pupil expenditure dropped in 1943-44 to the low amount of $2.41 per pupil. Since this low point in 1943-44 the city school systems have increased spending for Capital Outlay by an amount that in 1953-54 was 36 times greater in total dollars. The expenditure in 1953-54 exceeded that of 1943-44 by $859,755,000. A review of capital expenditures per pupil, by city-sized group, shows that the Group II and IV city school systems have made relatively greater increases in these expenditures than the Group I cities. For example, the Group II city school systems in 1943-44 reported an expenditure for Capital Outlay of $2.06; Groups III and IV, $2.65 and $2.67, respectively; while $2.30 per pupil was expended by Group I cities. In 1953-54, the 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table XVI. — Expenditure for part-time (adult, Americanization, night, and continuation ) education and summer schools, in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1953-54 Year Adult, Americanization, Night, and Continuation Education Summer Schools Unadjusted Adjusted 1 Unadjusted Adjusted * Total for systems report¬ ing (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled Total for systems report¬ ing (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled Total for systems report¬ ing (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled Total for systems report¬ ing (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1939-40 _ _ $8, 441 $7.68 $16, 252 $14. 79 $847 $6. 65 $1, 631 $12.80 1945-46 _ 15, 269 15. 97 22,529 23. 56 2,063 9. 58 3, 044 14.14 1947-48 _ _ 31, 008 26.34 35, 783 30. 40 3, 978 15. 03 4, 590 17.34 1949-50 . . 39, 178 25. 36 44, 506 28. 81 4, 394 14. 62 4,992 16. 61 1951-52 . . . 38, 951 27.03 39, 859 27.66 5, 610 17.16 6,741 17. 56 1953-54 _ 33, 273 22.12 33, 273 22.12 7,087 24. 56 7,087 24.56 1 The adjustment to dollars with same purchasing power as in 1953-54 was made by use of the Consumer Price Index (1953-54 = 100) . The monthly Consumer Price Index figures needed for calculation were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, February 1955. Group II cities reported an expenditure per pupil of $72.89; the Groups III and IV, $62.23 and $68.83, respectively, as compared with that re¬ ported by the Group I city school systems in 1953-54 of $61.19 per pupil. Compared with the 1939-40 expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance of $11.73 for all groups of cities combined, the 1953-54 capital outlay of $64.13 per pupil in average daily attendance represents an increase of $52.40 for the 14-year period. (See table XVII.) In reviewing both the total and the per pupil expenditures for capital outlay purposes, as shown in table XVII for the period 1941-42 to 1953-54, the fact that the building and construction cost-indices more than doubled in that period should be taken into consideration. The cost of construct¬ ing a building in 1953-54 was just about double what it had been in 1941- 42. The 1953-54 Capital Outlay of $64.13 per pupil in average daily attendance for all city-sized groups was more than 10 times that expended per pupil in 1941-42, and 25 times that for the school year 1943-44. Debt service expenditure. — In 1953-54 the amount paid from current funds to redeem serial bonds as reported for the school systems in cities with population of 2,500 population or more was $204,350,000, estimated on the basis of the reporting sample. This total was greater by $55,307,- 000, or 37 percent, than the 1951-52 payment in redemption of bonds. Additional payments in the amount of $11,646,000 were made from sinking fund reserves to redeem term bonds which had reached maturity, or were bought up in advance of maturity date in order to reduce outstanding indebtedness. Compared with 1951-52, payments reported from sinking fund reserves decreased by $5,142,000, or 30 percent in 1953-54. The amount of bonds that were refunded by issuance of new bonds CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 Table XVII. — Total amount and expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance for Capital Outlay in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Total (in thousands) Per pupil in A. D. A. Total (in thousands) Per pupil in A. D. A. Total (in thousands) Per pupil in A. D. A Total (in thousands) Per pupil in A. D. A. Total (in thousands) < ft < ft a o a Total (in thousands) Per pupil in A. D. A. i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 li 12 13 1939-40 _ $130, 262 $11. 73 $66, 725 $13.09 $24. 103 $12. 83 $19, 537 $10. 08 $19,899 $9.07 0) 0) 1941-42 _ 61, 725 5. 80 24, 663 5.20 10, 490 5.81 12, 071 6. 30 14, 501 6.68 0) (») 1943-44 _ 24,269 2.41 10, 107 2. 30 3,488 2. 06 5,004 2.65 5,650 2. 67 0) (') 1945-46 _ 49, 976 4.98 17, 622 4.04 8, 915 5.22 9,777 5.20 13, 662 6. 51 0) 0) 1947-48 _ 206, 118 19. 71 81,923 18. 35 34, 221 19.29 38, 989 19.73 26, 960 22. 09 $24, 025 $23. 57 1949-50 _ 492, 946 44. 65 174, 094 37.66 94, 014 50. 55 111,244 53.34 59, 780 44.63 53, 815 47.54 1951-52 _ 644, 219 52.34 213, 518 43. 21 161, 174 64.06 137, 413 65. 07 84, 976 55. 89 47,138 38. 67 1953-54 _ _ - 884,024 64. 13 330, 861 61.19 205, 670 72.89 148,861 62.22 117, 255 68. 83 81, 377 55. 77 i No data available. increased more than $8 million in the 2 -year period. Interest paid from current funds increased by $17,671,000, or 26 percent, from 1951-52 to 1953-54, while interest paid from sinking fund reserves decreased $921,000, or 14 percent, in the same 2 -year period. Payments into sinking funds, however, increased by $2,414,000, or 33 percent. The expansion of the school buifcling program is reflected in the increase of expenditures reported for the debt service account in 1953-54 as com¬ pared with 1951-52. The total amount of $425,017,000 reported for debt- service items by the 5 city -sized groups in 1953-54, shows an increase of $82,257,000, or 24 percent, more than that reported in 1951-52. (See Table 2, Comparative Summary of Fiscal Data.) Redemption of short-term loans (borrowings made to meet temporary emergencies, which were contracted during one fiscal year and repaid during the next fiscal year) increased by 14 percent, or more than 11 mil¬ lion dollars between 1951-52 and 1953-54. Present increases in the cost of construction will in the future affect the amounts needed both for pay¬ ments of interest and for retirement of bonds outstanding. Bonded Indebtedness of City School Districts The bonded indebtedness in 1953-54, less amounts in school sinking funds and those held on account of bonds and interest fund reserves for all city school systems of 2,500 population or more, reported and estimated, was $3,291,933,000, or $238.82 per pupil in average daily attendance. (See table XVIII.) Other forms of school debt for these city school sys¬ tems in 1953-54, consisting of such unpaid obligations as unredeemed 28 JBIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 teacher salary warrants, short-term loans, and bills payable amounted to $110,947,000. (See Table 2, Comparative Summary of Fiscal Data.) The total amount held as reserves in school sinking funds ($44,141,000), and the reserves held in the interest and bond accounts ($106,872,000) with which to meet accrued interest, and payments due on term and serial bond maturities for all city school districts, involved in this report for 1953-54, have been deducted from the total bonded indebtedness of $3,442,946,000 to leave a net bonded indebtedness of $3,291,933,000. Due to shortages of building material, borrowing for school construc¬ tion, in general, was suspended during the World War II period. Such condition, coupled to a declining pupil enrollment trend (reflecting the low birthrate of the depression years), made borrowing for capital outlay pur¬ poses appear not too important in the field of new plant construction. Thus, with an almost total absence of additional bond flotations, the out¬ standing bonded indebtedness was reduced in the early 1940’s from $1,646,429,000 to $958,442,000, or by nearly 42 percent as reported for the combined 5 groups of cities. By 1947-48 with the relaxing of World War II restrictions on building material, and the prospect of heavy in¬ creases in pupil enrollment, borrowing for capital outlay purposes was renewed so that for the years 1947-48 to 1949-50 the outstanding bonded indebtedness rose by the amount of $415,246,000, or 35 percent. On the basis of the 1950 federal census population figures more than 650 cities were added to the total number over that used prior to 1951-52 for this report. These were the small cities which had increased to or over 2,500 population. The 1950 dec£nnial\ensus jiata on population became available only for the 195 l-52f issue of the present publication. For this reason, comparisons made between the gross amounts for the two decennial periods of 1940 and 1950 are not valid. However, these gross figures reduced to a per pupil in average daily attendance unit of bonded debt outstanding are for comparative purposes valid measures for gauging the trend over the 14-year period from 1939-40 to 1953-54. As shown in table XVIII the trend has been, as already observed, one of decline from 1939-40 to 1945-46 when the per pupil indebtedness dropped from $170.33 to $94.48, or 45 percent, and then reversed itself to increase progressively in amount for each biennium from the low point in 1945-46 to a high of $238.82 per pupil, in 1953-54, or a rise of 153 percent in the 9-year period. However, an analysis of the per pupil net indebtedness outstanding in bonds made of the Group I city school districts over this period from 1939-40 to 1953-54 discloses that the 1941-42 amount of $266.41 was greater by 31 percent, or $63.75 per pupil than that of 1953-54 ($202.66). The increases in the bonded indebtedness reflect the strenuous effort being made to finance, through borrowing channels, the construction of additional classrooms and school plants needed to accommodate the heavy increases in enrollments, as well as to replace obsolescent school Table XVIII.— Bonds outstanding , less amount in bond reserve and sinking funds , and amount per pupil in average daily CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 I LO & 0 I* Sift £ ,0 ■W 5 s ? a, £ Group V Per pupil in A. D. A. e* S® 00 So ^„Sj§S:S 1 Total (in thousands) w (0 (2) 8 $106, 591 154,172 213, 153 328, 085 Group IV Per pupil in A. D. A. s $100. 45 (2) (2) 72.73 186. 15 152. 97 213. 96 296. 98 Total (in thousands) ® $220, 422 (2) (2) 152, 624 144, 764 204, 900 325, 296 505, 894 Group III Per pupil in A.D.A. 05 $165. 71 141. 25 118. 56 98.16 118. 70 163. 04 148. 45 191. 96 Total (in thousands) GO $298, 790 270, 621 223, 516 184, 625 234, 646 331, 984 313, 503 459, 280 Group II Per pupil in A.D.A. r« $191.21 167. 50 150. 58 119. 16 139. 33 186. 15 266. 89 319. 97 Total (in thousands) «© $355, 202 302, 351 255, 621 203, 419 247,215 346, 224 671, 447 902, 842 Group I Per pupil in A.D.A. \et $216. 03 266. 41 210. 60 95.87 100. 32 120. 95 154. 30 202. 66 Total (in thousands) $1,017,501 1, 073, 457 923, 920 417, 774 447, 993 559,175 3 762, 404 1, 095, 832 All groups combined Per pupil in A.D.A. w eocoi^oooocoe*e* C0*00^05l>-1^00 O Tf CD d ^ vd GO Total (in thousands) w $1,891,915 1,646, 429 1, 403, 057 958, 442 1,181,209 1,596, 455 3 2, 285, 803 3, 291, 933 Year - 1939-40 _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 _ _ _ 1945-46.. . . 1947-48.... . . . . 1949-50 _ 1951-52.. . . 1953-54 _ _ 3 OP -S C • JO- 5 3 «>.2 3 *S 73 C3 >ca ^>3 " T3 OT-. M O O. 2 rt h, a a a ^ g a ® o © .9 3^5 'w © O — . r~* £ cs^ is w «♦=* C3 *'-• O 9 > > *5 ~ <3 2 Js W a>.£ M (L m 'O C3 £ O S’® 3 H S «OM ”0 k2 ^ fa o io 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 facilities with more modern, adequate, and safe school housing. The additional amounts of bonds floated in the 3 or 4 bienniums is indicated by the increases in the amounts of expenditure for the capital outlay ac¬ counts as shown by table XVII. Starting in 1947-48 and continuing through 1953-54, there has been a consistent increase in the total amounts as well as in the amounts per pupil in average daily attendance shown for the capital outlay expenditure, except for Group III cities which reported a slight decline in per pupil average expenditure from 1951-52 to 1953-54. However, the total amount of the expenditure for capital outlay in the Group III cities increased from $137,413,000 to $148,861,000, or more than 8 percent in the 2 -year school period. (See table XVII.) Value of School Property The value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance in 1953-54, for all city school systems combined, was $845. For the schools of the Nation as a whole, the value of school property per pupil was estimated at $590, 8 or 43 percent of the average amount per pupil shown for the city school systems. These computations are based on figures reported to the Office in response to the request for the "original cost of school plant, plus cost of additions, and of improvements.’’ The amount per pupil is subject to variations from biennium to biennium reflecting the changes in the number of pupils, and additionally, changes in the value of the plant. Also the reporting of appraisals made in accordance with increased replacement costs in school property, instead of original cost as requested, may be an element causing variable values in school property for different years. Because of the various bases upon which the values of school property can he and are reported, data presented are comparable to a limited degree only. This being the case, it follows that the figures on value of school property should be employed with these limi¬ tations in mind. (See Table 2, Comparative Summary of Fiscal Data.) For all city -sized groups combined the average increase in the value of school property as reported during the past 14 years, or since 1939-40, was $371 per pupil in average daily attendance, or about 78 percent. For each biennium since 1939-40 there has been a consistent increase in the value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance in each of the five city-sized groups, except in the case of the Group I cities, which reported for 1945-46 the same per pupil value as for 1943-44. (See table XIX.) By groups of cities, the increase for Group I was $329, or 61 percent; Group II cities, $414, or 85 percent; Group III, $429, or about 100 per¬ cent; and Group IV, $415, or 116 percent during the period from 1939-40 to 1953-54. 8 The total value of school property was estimated at $17 billion, as compared with a tabulated total value of school plant for the city school systems in 1953-54 of $11,654 million. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 Table XIX. — Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1953-54 Year All groups com¬ bined City-sized group I II III IV V * 2 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 $474 520 637 555 623 688 787 845 $539 592 657 657 670 727 793 868 $485 536 578 601 660 685 852 899 $430 475 506 529 595 682 851 859 » $355 1388 1457 1501 559 636 696 770 1941-42 .... _ _ _. - - 1943-44 _ . . _ _ 1945-46 _ _ . - - -- 1947-48 _ $496 602 636 723 1949-50 _ _ - _ 1951-52 _ _ 1953-54 _ _ 1 Groups IV and V combined. Prior to 1947-48 no data were recorded separately on Group V. Table 1. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 City -sized groups: Based on United States census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population or more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 pop¬ ulation) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 pop¬ ulation) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total population (1950 census)... . . 83, 263, 819 43,283, 059 16,463, 105 11,718,429 7,035, 692 4, 763, 534 1. Total Personnel and Attendance Full-Time Public Day Schools Number of school systems. . . _ i 3, 775 » 100 387 826 1,061 1,401 Number of superintendents, as¬ sistant superintendents and other administrative personnel... 6, 873 6,997 1, 628 1, 138 1,250 1,304 1,553 Number of supervisors--- . . 2,431 2,158 1, 573 635 200 Number of principals _ 24,902 9, 046 5, 245 4,473 3, 299 2,839 Number of teachers and other instructional staff: Men. _ _ 142, 785 51, 691 28,835 26, 101 19, 080 17, 078 Women.. _ _ _ _ 417, 727 160, 835 88, 443 72,009 52, 031 44,409 Total _ 560, 512 212, 526 117, 278 98, 110 71, 111 61, 487 Number of clerks: For administration . . . . 15. 352 7,322 2,775 1,896 1,805 1, 554 For instruction _ 23, 931 12, 533 5,081 3,338 1,726 1, 253 Total... _ _ 39, 283 19, 855 7,856 5, 234 3,531 2,807 Enrollment: Boys _ _ _ 8, 104, 973 3, 273, 212 1, 634, 990 1, 375, 750 981, 588 950, 521 839, 433 Girls _ _ _ _ 7,807,091 3, 119, 781 1, 580, 319 1, 333, 924 822,546 Total _ _ 15, 912, 064 6, 392, 993 3, 215, 309 2, 709, 674 1, 932, 109 1, 661, 979 Average daily attendance _ 13, 784, 092 5, 407, 148 2, 821, 670 2, 392, 575 1, 703, 435 1, 459, 264 Aggregate days attended _ 2,483,549,925 984,442,985 506,812,244 427,312,290 305,011,987 1 259,970,419 Average length of school year in actual number of days taught _ 180 182 180 179 179 178 Average number of days attended per pupil enrolled _ 156 154 158 158 158 156 Percent of pupils enrolled in aver¬ age daily attendance.. _ 87 85 88 88 88 88 Percent of men teachers . . . 25 24 25 27 27 28 1 Includes Arlington County, Va., classified by United States census as a city because of population density. 32 tBIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 1.— Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 — Continued City-sized groups: Based on United States census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population or more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 pop¬ ulation) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 pop¬ ulation) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II. Distribution, by School Level, of Personnel and At¬ tendance in Full-time Day Schools Kindergarten (Including Nursery Schools) Number of school systems . 2,187 84 267 476 609 751 Number of supervisors . . 37 28 6 2 1 Number of teachers: Men _ ------ 2 J 1 Women . . . . 20,228 9, 222 4, 153 3. 230 2,057 1,566 Enrollment (including nursery) : Boys . . . 606, 915 304, 594 120, 214 87, 750 53, 459 40,898 Girls - - 585, 059 292, 649 115, 962 86, 357 50, 953 39, 138 Total _ _ 1, 191, 974 597, 243 236, 176 174, 107 104, 412 80,036 Average daily attendance . 888, 826 409, 116 191, 321 141, 389 83, 136 63,864 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher.-. . . . . . . 59 65 57 54 51 51 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher- . . 44 44 46 44 40 41 Number of schools or classes _ 13, 433 5,580 2, 921 2,254 1, 517 1, 161 Elementary Schools Number of school systems _ 3, 568 99 376 766 1,001 1, 326 Number of supervisors _ 3, 958 1, 313 1, 250 875 403 117 Number of principals . . 16,588 6,344 3, 774 3, 048 1, 963 1, 459 Number of teachers: Men . . . 35, 730 13, 562 7, 122 6, 360 4,631 4, 055 Women _ _ _ _ _ 279, 732 106, 810 59, 167 48, 122 35, 364 30, 269 Total . . 315, 462 120, 372 66, 289 54, 482 39, 995 34, 324 Percent of men teachers _ 11 11 11 12 12 12 Enrollment: Boys . . . 4, 838, 945 1,882,022 985, 907 830, 321 605, 432 535, 263 Girls.. . . 4, 651, 462 1, 819, 755 943, 460 791, 400 588, 713 508, 134 Total . . 9, 490, 407 3, 701, 777 1, 929, 367 1, 621, 721 1, 194, 145 1, 043, 397 Average daily attendance _ 8, 324, 174 3, 234, 555 1, 701, 822 1, 429, 637 1, 048, 202 909, 958 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher _ _ _ 30 31 29 30 30 30 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher _ 26 27 26 26 26 27 Number of schools _ 24, 014 6,575 4,848 4,736 4, 030 3,825 Percent of enrollment in A. D. A._ 88 87 88 88 88 87 Secondary Schools Number of school systems . 3, 368 99 368 744 943 1, 214 Number of supervisors _ 2,937 1,044 887 696 230 80 Number of principals. . 8,153 2,616 1,443 1,396 1, 323 1, 375 Number of teachers: Men . . 103, 657 35, 953 21, 121 19, 295 14, 352 12, 936 Women. . . . . 116, 044 43, 829 24, 758 20, 400 14, 526 12,531 Total _ _ 219, 701 79, 782 45, 879 39, 695 28, 878 25, 467 Percent of men teachers _ 47 45 46 49 50 51 Enrollment: Boys.... . . . . 2, 554, 791 1, 007, 130 513, 772 450, 700 321, 558 261, 631 Girls... . . . 2, 516, 547 967, 634 511, 722 452, 507 310, 186 274, 498 Total . 5, 071, 338 1, 974, 764 1, 025, 494 903, 207 631, 744 536, 129 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 Table 1. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public -school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 — Continued City-sized groups: Based on United States census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population or more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 pop¬ ulation) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 pop¬ ulation) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) * 2 3 4 5 6 7 II. Distribution, by School Level, of Personnel and At¬ tendance in Full-time Day Schools— Continued Secondary Schools— Continued Average daily attendance _ 4, 484, 580 1, 707, 159 911, 481 811, 957 570,548 483, 435 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher _ .. __ 23 25 22 23 22 21 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher _ 20 21 20 20 20 19 Number of schools _ . 6, 964 1,524 1, 214 1, 312 1,343 1, 571 Percent of enrollment in A. D. A.. 88 86 89 90 90 90 City Universities, Colleges, and Normal Schools Number of school systems . . 110 16 31 35 18 10 Number of supervisors (deans, etc.) 65 46 15 2 2 Number of principals _ 161 86 28 29 13 5 Number of teachers: Men _ _ _ _ 3,396 2,175 592 446 97 86 Women. _ _ 1,723 974 365 257 84 43 Total _ _ 5,119 3,149 957 703 181 129 Enrollment of students: Men. _ _ 104, 322 79, 466 15,097 6,979 1,139 1, 641 Women _ 54,023 39, 743 9, 175 3,660 669 776 Total _ 158, 345 119, 209 24,272 10,639 1,808 2,417 Average daily attendance _ 86, 512 56, 318 17,046 9,592 1,549 2,007 Number of schools _ _ 115 26 31 30 17 11 m. Adult Education; Ameri¬ canization; Night; and Con¬ tinuation Schools Number of school svstems. . . _ 785 76 187 198 160 164 Number of supervisors and princi¬ pals _ 833 404 236 75 65 53 Number of teaching positions . 23, 970 11, 870 5,718 3, 453 1,718 1,211 Total number of supervisors, principals, and teachers (positions) _ 24,803 12, 274 5,954 3,528 1,783 1,264 Enrollment... . 1, 504, 372 998, 334 243, 211 166,223 64,348 32,256 Number of pupils enrolled per instructional staff member _ 61 81 41 47 36 26 IV. Summer Schools Number of school systems... . . 286 54 99 80 32 21 Number of supervisors and princi¬ pals _ _ _ 430 258 118 42 8 4 Number of teaching positions _ 7,393 4,527 1, 914 789 116 47 Total number of supervisors, principals, and teachers (positions).. . . . . 7,823 A 785 2,032 831 124 51 Enrollment _ _ _ _ 288,519 207,090 49,196 25,886 3,354 2,993 Number of pupils enrolled per instructional staff member... ... 37 43 24 31 27 59 34 (BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 [In thousands of dollars] City-sized groups: Based on United States census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population or more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 pop¬ ulation) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 pop¬ ulation) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I. Receipts and Balances Revenue receipts from: Federal Government for vet¬ erans’ education . 5, 772 1,752 881 804 956 1,379 Federal Government other than veterans’ education . 75, 894 19,067 24,224 17, 242 8,937 6, 424 The State. . . 1,184, 572 408, 335 244, 512 218, 630 164,445 148, 650 The county (taxes and appro¬ priations).. . 313, 192 127, 933 65,344 67, 804 29,747 22, 364 Local taxation . . . . 2, 461, 046 1, 210, 211 489,684 343, 632 230, 270 187,249 Separate tax levy by district, city, or county for debt service.. . . 179, 124 57, 200 59,094 30, 646 19, 415 12,769 Appropriations from local civil divisions . . 127, 416 85, 913 22, 157 11,492 5, 035 2, 819 Other school districts for tui¬ tion and transfers . 104, 978 10, 336 20,149 27,934 24,767 21, 792 All other local revenue receipts. 101, 140 30, 414 25,492 17, 744 15, 106 12,384 Total revenue receipts . 4, 553, 134 1,951, 161 951,537 735,928 498, 678 415,830 Nonrevenue receipts from: Loans and bond sales _ 721,495 244,894 164, 493 140, 644 100, 489 70, 975 All other nonrevenue receipts. 70, 480 26, 218 11,743 15,498 10,370 6, 651 Total nonrevenue receipts. 791,975 271, 112 176,236 156, 142 110,859 77,626 Balances from previous year for: Current operations — . . 475, 248 124, 007 115, 921 114, 622 61, 610 59, 088 41, 385 Building reserve . . 647,868 348, 572 112,519 66, 280 79, 112 Serial bond interest and re¬ demption . . . . 101, 446 39,359 24, 936 17, 551 11, 554 8,046 Total balances . . . 1,224,562 511,938 253, 376 JL98.453 152, 276 108,519 Grand total (all receipts and balances) _ 6,569,671 2,734,211 1, 381, 149 1, 090, 523 761,813 601,975 II.. Expenditures (Full-time day schools) Administration (general control) : Business . 61, 516 25, 197 13, 195 10,686 7,046 5,392 Educational . 73,303 24,287 12, 007 13, 313 12, 099 11, 597 Total . . 134,819 49,484 25,202 23,999 19, 145 16,989 Instruction: Salaries: Supervisors . 40,692 16, 659 12, 118 7,926 3,037 952 Principals . . 149,473 63, 202 31, 132 24, 436 16, 774 13, 929 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff positions _ 2,348,511 1,006, 813 488, 708 384, 644 257, 582 210, 764 Clerks . . 65, 553 37, 248 13, 496 8,244 4, 015 2,550 Text books (free to all pupils).. 33, 175 11,757 6,695 6,859 4, 292 3, 572 Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expense... 114, 712 39, 422 25,338 21,947 15, 173 12, 832 Total for instruction - 2, 752, 116 1, 175, 101 577,487 454,056 300,873 244, 599 Average salary of teacher (dollars) . . 4,190 4,737 4, 167 3, 921 3, 622 3,428 Operation of school plant (janitors’ wages, fuel, light, power, etc.) — $389,031 162,940 84, 648 65, 452 42, 176 33, 815 Maintenance of school plant (re¬ pairs and replacements) . 179, 892 82,418 39, 565 26, 324 16, 757 14,828 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data9’ of public -school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 — Continued [In thousands of dollars] City-sized groups: Based on United States census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population or more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 pop- illation) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 pop¬ ulation) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II. Expenditures— Continued (Full-time day schools)— Con. Auxiliary school services: Promotion of health _ 42, 347 18, 404 9, 171 7,013 4,520 3, 239 School lunch program . ... .. 41, 809 8,582 10,396 8, 529 7,314 6,988 Extra curricular activities al¬ located to pupil costs _ 36, 936 15,547 7, 214 6, 164 4,304 3,707 Transportation of pupils. _ 60, 200 11, 502 7,102 11, 616 12,629 17, 351 Community educational services: Disbursements made by local board of education for va¬ rious activities not allocated to pupil costs (e. g. public libraries not devoted solely to school use, public recreation, and services to nonpublic schools) . . . . 15, 671 8,393 2,893 2,019 1, 146 1,220 Fixed charges: Chargeable to pupil costs _ 174, 478 109, 770 21,869 18,228 12, 982 11,629 Not chargeable to pupil costs (transfers between districts for tuition, bus services, etc.). 24, 178 3, 738 7,908 3,736 5,340 3,456 Total current expendi¬ tures _ _ 3,851,477 1, 645,879 793,455 627, 136 427, 186 357,821 Amount of current expenditures chargeable to pupil costs (in full-time day schools) ... . . 3,811,628 1, 633, 748 782, 654 621, 381 420,701 353, 144 Amount of current expenditures not chargeable to pupil costs in full-time public day schools . . . 39,849 12, 131 10, 801 5,755 6,486 4,676 Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance (dollars) full-time public day schools _ 276. 52 302. 14 277. 37 259. 71 246. 97 242. 00 III. Part-time schools; adult education; Americanization; night and continuation schools and classes Expenditure for: Instruction _ _ 28, 547 19, 453 4, 211 2,318 1, 472 1, 093 All other _ _ _ 4,726 3,394 863 355 77 37 Total _ _ 33,273 22, 847 5,074 2,673 1,549 1, 130 Per pupil enrolled (dollars) . . 22. 12 22. 89 20. 86 16.08 24. 07 35. 03 I VT Summer Schools (con¬ ducted at public expense) Expenditure for: Instruction _ _ _ 4, 844 3,235 950 554 79 26 All other . . . . . 2, 243 593 1, 625 14 9 2 Total _ 7,087 3, 828 2, 575 568 88 28 Per pupil enrolled (dollars) . . 24. 56 18. 48 52. 34 21.94 26.24 9.42 Total current expendi¬ tures for full-time day schools, part-time, and | summer schools _ 3,891,837 1,672, 554 801, 104 630, 377 428, 823 358,979 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 — Continued [In thousands of dollars] City-sized groups: Based on United States census of 1950 Item All groups Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V (100,000 (25,000 to (10,000 to (5,000 to (2,500 to combined population 99,999 pop¬ 24,999 pop¬ 9,999 pop¬ 4,999 pop¬ or more) ulation) ulation) ulation) ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 V. Expenditure for Capital Outlay Sites, new buildings, additions, and improvements _ 787, 076 96, 948 306, 086 182 597 129, 776 19, 085 99, 859 17, 396 68,758 12, 619 New equipment _ 24, 775 23,073 Total expenditures for capital outlay _ 884,024 330, 861 205,670 148,861 117,255 81,377 Per pupil in average daily attend- ance . . . . . . 64.13 61.19 72.89 62. 22 68.83 55. 77 VI. Expenditure for Debt Service From current funds: For redemption of short-term loans . . . 89, 636 72, 098 80, 294 8,275 46, 849 3, 574 35, 149 3,093 24, 198 2,596 17, 860 For redemption of school bonds. For interest on indebtedness... 204, 350 85, 417 36, 743 16, 844 13, 633 10, 456 7,741 For payments into school sinking fund... . 20, 545 10, 268 9,153 441 4,106 2, 229 4, 388 4, 492 1,724 1,674 1,174 1,432 All other items of debt service.. Total expenditures for debt service from cur¬ rent funds _ 410,216 198, 729 78, 303 61,236 41, 145 30, 803 From new bonds: For redemption of school bonds. 153 60 82 11 From sinking funds: For redemption of school bonds. 11,646 5,936 3, 484 822 978 426 For inter ;t on indebtedness. . . 3, 002 525 1,283 322 260 612 Total expenditures for debt service from sink¬ ing funds _ 14, 648 6, 461 4, 767 1, 144 1,238 1,038 Total expenditures for debt service (from cur¬ rent and other funds) ... 425, 017 205, 190 83, 130 62,462 42, 394 31, 841 VII. Grand Total (current expenditures; capital outlay; and debt service from current funds) . . . . 5, 186,077 2,202, 144 1,085,077 840,474 587, 223 471, 159 Vin. Balances Carried to Following Year For current operations _ 558, 000 719, 954 158, 002 330, 542 137, 442 135, 858 128, 935 107, 051 70, 617 90, 688 63,004 55, 815 For building reserves . . For serial bond interest and redemption _ 105, 645 43, 524 22, 773 14, 065 13, 286 11, 997 Total of balances _ 1, 383, 599 532,068 296, 073 250, 051 174, 591 130,816 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more: 1953-54 — Continued [In thousands of dollars] City-sized groups: Based on United States census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population or more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 pop¬ ulation) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 pop- illation) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IX. Bonds and Sinking Funds School bonds outstanding at close of school year _ 3, 442, 946 1, 165, 148 932, 513 475, 659 526, 197 343, 429 Other forms of school debt at close of school year _ 110, 947 68,246 21,989 9,112 3,479 8,121 Total amount in school sinking fund at close of fiscal year _ 44, 141 25,946 6,898 2,314 5, 636 3,347 Total amount in interest and bond account at close of fiscal year _ 106,872 43,370 22, 773 14,065 14,667 11, 997 Net total amount in school bonds outstanding at close of fiscal year. 3, 291, 933 1, 095, 832 902,842 459, 280 505, 894 328, 085 Per pupil net bonded indebted¬ ness (dollars) . . . .. 238. 82 202.66 319. 97 191. 96 296.98 224.83 X. Value of School Property Sites.... _ _ 1, 098, 005 577, 503 215, 636 125, 377 129,928 49,561 Buildings _ _ 9, 591, 303 3, 742, 033 375, 612 2, 108, 162 1, 759, 389 170, 595 1, 074, 860 906,859 Equipment _ 964,990 213, 099 107, 617 98, 067 Total value. .. _ _ 11, 654, 298 4,695, 148 2,536,897 2,055, 361 1, 312,405 1,054,487 Value per pupil in average daily attendance (dol¬ lars) — 845 868 899 859 770 723 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP I —CITIES OF 100,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Fuli^Time Day Schools of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1, 628 2,431 9, 046 51, 691 160, 835 ^6, 392, 993 5,407, 148 182 471 743 2,856 18,335 52,828 1, 992, 263 1, 679, 770 185 21 41 154 655 2, 560 79, 354 68, 725 4 12 47 101 650 20,812 17, 352 181 5 7 30 211 671 21, 643 18, 340 181 9 16 52 222 752 21,609 19, 778 180 3 6 25 121 487 15, 290 13, 255 180 72 115 284 1,992 5, 035 201, 663 172, 605 52 46 94 863 2,149 97, 407 81,491 180 2 14 20 J70 363 12, 087 9,985 178 2 14 31 *75 344 14, 050 12, 296 172 3 7 34 90 446 13, 215 11,959 180 2 5 12 183 360 13, 499 11, 560 175 6 17 32 241 692 24, 180 20, 498 182 5 12 61 370 681 27, 225 24, 816 179 53 136 217 1, 777 4,387 159, 084 133, 496 7 6 28 130 509 17. 374 15, 099 180 3 10 32 434 193 13, 328 11,621 181 8 31 45 245 987 31, 461 25, 991 180 24 73 50 615 1, 664 61,786 51, 005 181 8 8 35 168 638 20, 598 17, 554 181 3 8 27 185 396 14, 537 12, 226 183 195 259 1, 666 10, 062 30, 640 1, 139,483 961,942 3 21 22 94 508 14, 424 12, 135 181 5 27 86 549 2,042 65, 974 57, 766 179 166 62 1,410 8, 623 24, 940 956, 549 801, 270 187 10 100 48 397 1, 104 38, 938 33,833 184 5 17 49 144 941 27, 267 25, 464 181 2 12 16 106 459 14,060 12, 137 184 4 20 35 149 646 22, 271 19. 337 178 123 182 491 3,630 9, 369 383, 110 318, 267 6 11 24 191 368 15, 016 13, 814 182 3 14 28 178 529 19, 398 17,007 183 28 93 296 2,323 5, 851 248, 700 198, 019 186 79 38 104 668 1, 764 69, 684 62, 074 191 4 14 14 149 375 14, 071 12, 913 187 3 12 25 121 482 16. 241 14, 440 185 7 10 44 219 837 29, 569 24, 735 171 573 724 2,627 14, 643 46, 037 1, 921, 692 1, 652, 428 184 70 147 418 3, 106 11, 534 458, 435 398, 581 62 143 389 2,942 11,028 440, 103 383, 595 189 8 4 29 164 506 18, 332 14, 986 185 40 NORTHEAST. Connecticut. Bridgeport- . Hartford _ New Haven. Waterbury.. Massachusetts. Boston _ Cambridge.—. Fall River _ New Bedford. Somerville _ Springfield..*.. Worcester _ New Jersey. Camden _ Elizabeth.... Jersey City 6 . Newark _ Paterson _ Trenton . New York. Albany _ Buffalo _ New York. Rochester. . Syracuse... Utica _ Yonkers.... Pennsylvania. Allentown ... Erie _ Philadelphia. Pittsburgh... Reading . Scranton . Rhode Island Providence . . . NORTH CENTRAL. Illinois _ _ Chicago 8. Peoria.... See footnotes at end of Group I of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 POPULATION OR MORE CtJBBENT EXPENDITUBES IN FULI^TlME DAY SCHOOLS Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 5 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $49,484,304 $16,658,503 $63,201,930 $1,006,813,095 $37,248,208 $51,179,432 $1,175,101,168 $409, 1G3,092 $1, 633, 749 17, 934, 874 5, 412, 798 20, 442, 717 355, 367, 755 11,608, 997 16, 123, 100 408, 955, 367 157, 321, 662 584, 212 476, 501 289,668 959, 894 14, 169, 997 354, 679 586, 756 16, 360, 994 5, 253, 437 22,091 111, 172 148, 934 140, 215 76, 180 98, 946 64, 919 87,963 37, 840 304, 162 217, 558 286, 189 151, 985 3, 367, 217 4, 109, 512 3, 991, 984 2, 701, 284 54, 212 180, 716 81,601 38, 150 122, 358 253, 882 94, 529 115, 987 3, 946, 895 4, 826, 587 4, 542, 266 3, 045, 246 1, 164, 665 2, 204, 572 1, 096, 386 787, 814 5, 223 7, 180 5, 779 3,909 1, 816, 187 730, 149 1, 788, 070 34, 144, 447 760,012 1, 831, 575 39, 254, 253 11, 907, 802 52, 978 1, 125, 683 120,660 68, 219 79, 966 70, 338 188, 541 162, 780 346, 015 103, 170 69, 020 31, 643 27,650 90, 151 62, 500 718, 496 137, 200 144, 520 173, 475 75, 335 181, 344 357, 700 16, 841, 187 2, 537, 115 1, 809, 766 2, 135, 890 2, 391, 610 4, 100, 133 4, 328, 746 379, 564 13, 052 14, 250 17, 357 25, 236 209, 561 100, 992 997, 473 86, 509 84,888 84, 298 95, 468 309, 673 173, 266 19, 282, 735 2, 877, 046 2, 122, 444 2, 442, 663 2, 615, 299 4, 890, 862 5, 023,204 6, 344, 374 573, 241 484, 527 592, 559 627, 675 2, 109, 942 1, 175, 484 26, 753 3, 571 2,675 3,115 3, 313 7, 189 6,362 2, 036, 409 1, 082, 613 1, 516, 010 30, 056, 037 1, 122, 666 1, 440, 579 35, 217, 905 13, 863, 373 51, 118 148,068 166, 567 563,000 822, 391 168,289 168, 094 45, 564 75, 387 230, 661 639, 755 47, 177 44,069 176, 830 198, 348 331, 255 418, 975 208, 032 182, 570 2, 303, 336 2, 835, 131 6, 085, 774 12, 750, 780 3, 332, 408 2, 748, 608 72, 901 131, 839 373, 765 354, 981 75, 861 113, 319 66, 645 152, 414 226, 466 686, 054 173, 647 135, 353 2, 665, 276 3, 393, 119 7, 247, 921 14, 850, 545 3, 837, 125 3, 223, 919 896, 113 1, 087, 374 3, 784, 753 5, 879, 762 1, 112, 816 1, 102, 555 3,709 4,647 11, 596 21, 553 5,118 4,495 9,897,770 2, 055, 911 12, 564, 024 213, 722, 756 6,941,897 8, 587, 332 243,871,920 97,969, 617 351, 739 91,835 417, 450 8, 648, 515 388, 424 113, 781 94, 129 143, 636 114, 885 231, 003 447, 173 881, 216 134, 632 89, 693 157, 309 107, 310 693, 892 10, 775, 345 356, 380 310, 495 94, 120 226, 482 2, 504, 733 12, 263, 723 181,468,423 6, 585, 915 4, 817, 463 2, 340, 407 3, 742, 092 84, 856 256, 228 5, 988, 152 257, 833 139, 016 58, 172 157,640 121, 790 454, 886 7, 340, 085 260, 049 210, 797 90, 554 109, 171 2, 933, 574 13, 899, 732 206, 019, 178 8, 341, 393 5, 612, 403 2, 672, 946 4, 392, 694 956, 283 4, 810, 523 84, 204, 433 3, 422, 434 2, 239, 091 1, 058, 831 1, 278, 022 3, 982 19, 128 298, 872 12, 152 7, 965 3, 826 5, 814 3, 461, 607 1, 195, 183 3, 335, 089 58, 492, 288 2, 282, 073 3, 447, 576 68, 752, 209 26, 633, 943 98,848 180, 185 166, 445 7 2, 047, 278 770, 560 148, 188 1 148, 951 60,600 99, 575 621,688 277, 432 63, 523 72, 365 153, 981 175, 576 2, 047, 988 733, 696 78,600 145, 248 2, 339, 841 3, 022, 387 36, 845, 648 11, 428, 735 2, 227. 902 2, 627, 775 52, 113 146, 271 1, 544, 110 451, 826 52, 132 35, 621 210,244 364, 927 1, 803, 583 786, 228 147, 796 134, 798 2, 816, 779 3, 808, 736 42, 863, 017 13, 677, 917 2, 569, 953 3, 015, 807 901, 559 1, 508, 625 15, 881, 194 6, 038, 573 1, 145, 122 1, 158, 870 3,899 5,484 60, 791 20, 487 3, 863 4, 324 246,400 59, 274 279, 630 l . 4, 782, 230 147, 670 229, 282 5, 498, 086 1, 693, 490 7,438 {14, 101, 368 4, 895, 624 18, 372, 579 294, 884, 287 10, 443, 308 15, 348,191 343,943, 989 123, 627, 364 481, 673 4, 358, 508 1, 066, 383 3, 238, 193 73, 868, 509 2, 958, 628 4,462,684 85,594,397 30,883,354 120, 836 4, 239, 210 119, 298 1, 042, 864 23,519 3, 065, 989 172, 204 71, 190, 639 2, 677, 870 2, 905, 871 52, 757 4, 335, 891 126, 793 82,541,2541 29,876,141 3, 053, 143 1, 007, 213 116, 656 4,180 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 398312 — 56 - 4 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 City, by region and State 1 Indiana _ Evansville . Fort Wayne . Gary - - Indianapolis- . South Bend _ Iowa Des Moines _ Kansas _ Kansas City • _ Wichita. . Michigan. .. Detroit 8 _ Flint « _ Grand Rapids «... Minnesota. Duluth _ Minneapolis _ St. Paul _ Missouri. .. Kansas City 8 _ St. Louis 6 . . Nebraska Omaha . . Ohio _ Akron . . . Canton. . . . Cincinnati _ Cleveland _ Columbus _ Dayton . . Toledo _ Youngstown _ Wisconsin Milwaukee _ SOUTH.. . . Alabama Birmingham _ Arkansas Little Rock _ Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super- intend- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Men Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 107 240 1, 503 3,904 166, 124 140, 524 446 1,808 459 23, 267 19, 023 29, 521 74, 339 19, 974 19,878 17, 078 25, 744 60,788 17, 036 12 312 871 36, 489 31, 822 24 116 450 1, 595 66,831 57, 675 518 1, 077 25,372 41, 459 21,929 35, 746 53 584 2,764 7, 676 341, 687 287,358 2,316 277 171 6,136 879 661 287, 524 32, 152 22, 011 238, 701 27, 951 20, 706 38 1,093 3, 241 130, 808 116,608 163 583 347 508 1, 764 18, 482 71, 856 40, 470 16, 745 62, 956 36, 907 93 215 1, 120 4,032 170, 204 139, 464 1, 2,364 67, 236 102, 968 55, 954 83, 510 10 55 37, 426 32, 509 679 3, 190 10, 443 425, 733 373, 493 1,246 492 1,640 2, 1, 273 1,306 1, 163 631 48, 628 19, 869 72,633 118, 676 57,343 42, 405 42, 727 23, 452 42,354 18, 793 60, 844 101,416 50, 091 37, 742 40, 040 22, 213 32 313 38 105 1,813 87, 955 74, 394 489 1,799 7,389 35, 725 1,310,882 1, 125, 925 250 1,589 61, 821 71 537 18, 772 16, 526 180 181 178 176 See footnotes at end of Group I of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 5 Salaries and wages Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 $855,203 $640,071 $1, 611, 943 $25, 962, 690 $727, 661 $1, 470, 803 $30, 413, 168 $9,080,695 $40,349! 96,901 51, 102 145, 354 490, 738 71, 108 112,338 81, 202 102, 093 234,492 109,946 215,400 190, 277 199,833 850, 383 156, 050 3, 448, 370 3, 265, 684 4,283, 641 11, 853, 492 3, 111, 503 89, 474 94, 143 214,884 266,231 62, 929 113, 967 98, 129 254,740 941,845 62, 122 3,979,549 3, 729, 435 5, 055, 191 14, 146, 443 3, 502, 550 902, 815 915, 107 1, 334 793 4 549, 824 1, 378, 156 4 979' 4, 696: 6, 535' 19, 187 4952 304,793 86,733 290, 986 5, 312, 564 157, 295 232,004 6, 079, 582 2, 429, 311 8,814 316, 867 143,549 621, 178 7, 475, 386 196,003 587,696 9,023,812 2,390,666 11, 732 141, 575 175, 292 51,525 92,024 241,988 379, 190 2, 501, 696 4, 973, 690 33, 976 162, 027 74,899 512, 797 2, 904 084 6, 119, 728 841, 150 1, 549, 516 3, 887 7, 845 2, 457, 540 562, 703 4,070,045 54, 786, 277 2, 060,264 2, 125, 395 63,604684 19. 971, 613 86,034 1, 943, 464 248,442 265,634 414.188 57, 602 90,913 3,497,817 302, 743 269, 485 46,381,983 4, 692, 917 3, 711, 377 1,829,935 131, 936 98, 393 1, 614. 904 241, 617 268, 874 53. 738, 827 5, 426,815 4, 439, 042 16, 562, 961 1, 750. 589 1,658,063 72, 245 7,426 6,363 986,596 442,573 1, 336. 961 21, 415, 932 923,985 1, 192, 727 25, 312, 178 10, 963, 559 37, 262 136,644 531, 134 318. 818 74,326 180,483 187, 764 155, 075 657, 164 524,722 3, 046. 669 11, 655, 678 6, 713, 585 115, 732 556. 498 251, 755 194, 179 675, 485 323.063 3. 585, 981 13, 725, 308 8, 000, 889 1, 259, 425 7, 196, 938 2, 507, 196 4982 21, 453 10, 827 1. 256,332 616, 257 1, 592, 057 22,880,340 711, 248 1, 305, 733 27, 105, 635 10, 329, 114 38,691 446.784 809,548 155, 051 461, 206 633,114 958, 943 9, 473, 168 13, 407, 172 302,868 408,380 291, 729 1, 014 004 10, 855, 930 16, 249, 705 3, 290, 163 7, 038, 951 14, 593 24098 197, 016 113, 751 333, 561 4,625,879 106,992 210, 722 5, 390, 905 1, 686, 944 7,275 2.862,157 1,007,580 4,544,508 65, 590, 024 2, 130, 444 3, 251, 206 76, 523, 762 30,209,917 109,596 244, 972 93, 456 596,534 998, 386 283, 626 245, 710 296,469 103,004 81,987 47, 425 196,069 301, 916 83, 056 45, 949 186,907 64,271 412. 105 208, 719 778, 495 1, 560, 026 529. 848 399, 702 436, 507 219. 106 77, 76, 292 3, 011, 591 10, 951, 427 18. 143, 003 7, 428, 431 7, 315, 563 6, 745, 189 4, 218, 528 232, 415 78,927 428. 350 797.868 142,913 110, 378 229,542 110, 051 304 695 226,041 689, 511 775, 009 461, 015 251, 040 346, 754 197, 141 8, 807, 494 3, 572, 703 13, 043. 852 21, 577, 822 8, 645, 263 8, 122, 632 7, 944, 899 4809.097 3, 755, 251 1,404,904 4 877,097 10, 304, 993 3, 015, 783 2, 760, 775 2,684468 1, 406, 646 12,808 5, 071 18, 517 32,881 11,945 11, 129 10,926' 6, 319 506, 356 216, 024 733, 147 12, 966, 686 470, 788 509, 221 14 895, 866 5, 682, 191 21, 084 6, 925, 099 2, 889, 123 10, 826, 270 172,323,112 4,873, 389 7, 596, 621 198, 508, 515 49, 960, 965 255,395; 196,883 63,425 310, 470 6, 381, 557 186, 485 119, 037 7, 060, 974 971, 561 8, 229 { 70,743 42,373 148,225 2,074,806 65,783 54,489 2, 385, 676 432, 257 2, 889 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 882 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 SO 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Table 3 .—Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure jlata for GROUP*!.— CITIES OF 100,000 City, by region and State 1 Delaware Wilmington . . . . District of Columbia Washington « _ _ _ Georgia Atlanta.. _ _ _ _ Kentucky Louisville- . . . . Louisiana New Orleans.. . Maryland Baltimore 6 . . North Carolina Charlotte . Oklahoma _ Oklahoma City . . Tulsa . . Tennessee.. . Chattanooga . Knoxville . Memphis . . . Nashville . . . . . Texas. . . . Austin . . . . . Corpus Christi . . Dallas . . . El Paso _ _ _ Fort Worth. . . Houston . San Antonio . . Virginia.. . Arlington. . . . Norfolk.. _ _ Richmond . . . WEST.. . . Arizona.. . Phoenix: Elementary District _ High School District 6 _ Num¬ ber of super¬ intend ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Men Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 36 34 45 28 25 271 14 14 95 12 107 59 460 12,889 11,314 175 632 2,923 110, 285 92, 782 119 481 2, 262 84,856 72,313 75 354 1,385 45, 418 42, 697 403 1,895 72, 694 3,110 140 1, 090 138, 899 119, 458 39 136 773 25, 977 22, 922 154 504 2,308 108, 288 86, 614 1, 298 1, 010 59, 246 49, 042 44, 416 42, 198 678 3, 772 145, 462 126, 453 642 574 1,746 810 24, 969 23, 023 71, 254 26, 216 21, 118 19, 777 62, 294 23, 264 559 2,177 11, 062 394, 536 345, 648 742 764 2,259 837 1, 565 3,384 1, 511 22, 442 27, 301 83, 626 30, 072 51, 111 120, 041 59, 943 20, 289 23, 651 68, 329 25, 418 47, 895 108, 360 51, 706 139 506 90, 985 76, 859 664 1, 018 1, 217 21, 748 31, 477 37, 760 18, 509 26, 052 32, 298 475 1, 764 11,324 26, 245 1, 168, 156 949, 025 30 382 559 28, 343 22, 082 165 14, 942 13, 401 11,261 10. 821 185 177 180 182 183 179 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE— Continued Current Expenditures in Fuli>Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 5 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $156, 143 $126, 446 $168, 314 $2, 719, 848 $137, 282 $136, 510 $3, 288, 400 $906, 262 $4,351 789, 494 334, 676 1, 146, 167 16, 739, 755 464, 145 1, 113, 718 19, 798, 461 7,686,841 28,275 324,042 55, 824 701, 538 9,004, 157 307, 418 194,912 10,263,849 1, 960, 995 12,549 413, 397 88,785 451,881 7,373,731 209, 313 238, 608 8, 362, 318 1,830,445 10,606 488, 141 81, 569 527, 962 9, 147. 381 201, 052 273, 461 10, 231, 425 5, 196, 133 15, 916 889, 417 621, 047 1, 057, 369 21, 924, 400 477, 110 1, 184, 540 25, 264, 466 7, 703, 662 33,857 96, 616 53, 158 228,374 3, 481, 867 69, 808 279, 296 4, 112, 503 1,290,309 5,499 373,845 205, 570 766, 846 11, 296, 249 386, 561 493, 177 13, 148, 403 3, 062, 825 16, 585 184, 215 189, 630 102, 706 102, 864 4S7, 966 278, 880 5, 874, 464 5, 421, 785 188, 136 198, 425 238, 793 254, 384 6.892,065 6, 256, 338 1, 461,083 1, 601, 742 8, 537 8,048 437,653 248,008 1,059,138 15, 819, 015 281, 714 1, 000, 967 18, 408, 842 3, 707, 602 22,554 56,897 86, 170 149, 378 145, 208 51,900 57, 741 40, 480 97,887 243, 430 208, 487 343,381 263, 840 2,879,645 2,860,711 6, 148, 789 3, 929, 870 67,324 69,003 56, 147 89,240 203, 750 204,796 399, 014 193, 407 3,446,049 3, 400, 738 6. 987, 811 4, 574, 244 493, 796 877, 731 1, 528, 474 807, 601 3, 997 4,365 8,666 5, 527 2, 239,234 619, 845 3. 419, 566 53, 348,883 1, 684, 270 1, 602, 439 60,675,003 11, 568, 243 74,483 133, 725 244, 503 553, 162 118, 822 * 304, 770 597, 470 286,832 81, 434 53, 695 107, 661 55,268 69,640 238, 972 13, 175 256, 503 240, 731 617, 690 171,882 660,036 921,585 551, 139 3, 459, 956 3, 447, 700 10, 990, 838 3, 729, 256 7, 062, 369 17,314, 752 7, 344, 012 103, 925 92,681 304, 095 184, 275 221,284 584,795 193, 215 143, 754 154, 109 369, 024 121, 420 325, 953 267, 060 221, 119 4,045,572 3, 988, 916 12, 389, 308 4, 262, 101 8, 339, 282 19, 327. 164 8,322,660 678, 151 734, 908 2, 560, 196 1, 332, 814 1, 546, 678 3, 091, 236 1, 624, 260 4,857 4,968 15,503 5, 714 10, 191 23, 016 10,234 449,441 348,397 840,420 13, 011, 463 402,448 905, 467 15, 508, 195 3, 643,830 19, 602 196, 795 120, 956 131, 690 103, 089 105, 716 139, 592 211, 137 273, 493 355, 790 3, 541, 227 4, 091, 631 5,378,605 145,633 102, 179 154,636 314, 895 190,877 399, 695 4,315,981 4, 763, 896 6,428,318 1, 205,811 1,177,089 1, 260, 930 5,719 6, 062 7,821 |10, 522, 963 3, 460, 958 13, 560,364 184, 237, 941 10,322,514 12, 111, 520 223, 693, 297 78, 253, 101 312, 469 349, 324 80, 974| 194, 480 5, 090, 568 212, 472 528,231 6, 106, 725 1, 756, 599 8,213 • 79, 859 269, 465 59, 575 129, 970 21, 399 1 64,510 2, 269, 771 2, 820, 797 35, 052 177, 420 1 111,881 416,350 2, 606, 249 3, 500, 476 533, 849 1, 222, 750 3,220 4,993 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 44 .BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP I —CITIES OF 100,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui sta (posil Men etional ff i dons) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 109 California 182 349 1, 246 8, 429 18, 035 826, 694 665, 470 110 Berkeley _ _ _ 10 8 20 131 368 15, 493 ii 13, 387 176 111 Long Beach 8 * 10 * * 13 14 _ ... ... 19 24 64 675 1,441 79, 611 58, 551 177 112 Los Angeles 6 7 _ .. . 72 12 113 13 666 4,682 9,207 468, 968 375, 836 179 113 Oakland 8 _ _ _ 33 36 93 765 1, 578 58, 640 48, 479 175 114 Pasadena8 _ _ _ 6 95 35 413 684 32, 311 26, 435 178 115 Sacramento8 . . .. .. ... 6 15 50 256 731 26,540 22, 271 176 116 San Diego 8 . . 18 26 13 122 638 1,556 62, 811 52, 953 179 117 San Francisco 6 . . 18 32 196 869 2,470 82, 320 67, 558 177 Colorado 118 Denver . 20 34 149 551 1, 815 70, 557 59, 024 175 Oregon* 119 Portland . . . ... 20 21 82 606 1,601 67, 215 53,767 185 Utah 120 Salt Lake City 14 5 . . 8 7 51 308 868 40, 543 35, 961 175 121 Washington. _ 30 51 206 1,048 3, 367 134, 804 112, 721 122 Seattle - - - 19 25 109 589 1, 960 81, 189 67, 544 180 123 Spokane. . . . . 7 13 52 242 691 26, 562 23, 032 177 124 Tacoma _ _ _ _ _ 4 13 45 217 716 27, 053 22, 145 180 1 Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular class¬ room instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychology work, etc., provided that half or more than half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. 2 The actual number of days in the school year that instruction was provided. 3 Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where textbooks or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any furnished to pupils gratis is classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of School Plant, (2) Maintenance of School Plant, (3) Auxiliary School Services, and (4) Fixed Charges. 5 Rounded total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17. Sum of parts may not necessarily agree with totals. 6 Includes data on junior colleges, college, or university administered as part of the city school system. 7 Includes tax collection fees. 8 Excludes all data for Wayne University. These figures are included with totals given in tables 1 and 2. Comparative Summary Statistics by City-size Groups. 8 Includes, additionally, salaries of 3 attendance officers, and 18 clerks for administration. 10 Includes, additionally, salaries of 17 clerks for administration. n “Does not include ‘absence due to illness’ which is counted in California for apportionment of State moneys.” i* Elementary and kindergarten combined. 13 Includes vice principals. 14 Excluding Stewart School on University of Utah campus. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 public-school systems in cities by region and Statei 1953-54 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE— Continued Current Expenditures in Fuli^Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 8 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $8, 007, 295 $2, 679, 584 $10,231,055 $134, 902, 888 $8. 219, 472 $8,434, 190 $164, 467, 189 $58, 605, 726 $231, 080 197,896 669, 978 4, 289, 600 613, 010 382, 915 233, 338 617, 771 1, 002, 787 52, 191 211, 774 983, 055 257, 728 682, 711 76, 592 136, 577 278, 956 161, 087 507, 793 5, 816, 194 736, 158 288, 691 352, 639 617, 761 1, 750, 732 2, 509, 565 10, 342, 697 72, 669, 054 10, 152, 062 5, 813, 098 4, 968, 088 10, 923, 389 17, 524, 935 150, 003 778, 586 4, 317, 966 532, 152 596, 698 270, 191 811, 117 762, 759 215, 936 649, 858 3, 964, 501 769, 409 503, 262 357, 480 694, 014 1, 279, 730 3, 088, 782 12, 490, 708 87, 750, 770 12, 447, 509 7, 884, 460 6, 024, 990 13, 182, 858 21, 597, 112 1, 001,307 3, 911, 949 33. 357, 322 3, 524, 681 2, 776, 293 1, 881, 714 3, 749, 362 8, 403, 098 4,288 17,073 125,398 16,585 11, 044 8,140 17, 550 31,003 510, 341 227, 326 1, 055, 816 10,386, 201 583,088 719, 799 12, 972, 230 5, 186, 085 18,669 672, 987 109,200 483,800 9, 562, 501 323, 697 506,489 10, 985, 687 3, 755. 611 15. 414 218, 800 40, 434 279, 303 3, 965, 875 145,983 508,646 4, 940, 241 1,365,312 6,524 764, 216 323,440 1, 315, 910 20, 329, 908 837, 802 1, 414, 165 24, 221, 225 7, 583, 768 32, 569 496, 106 96, 784 171, 326 168, 494 59,764 95, 182 734, 159 234, 926 296, 825 11, 869, 448 3, 977, 280 4, 483, 180 505, 687 156, 800 175,315 687, 510 225, 013 501,642 13, 965, 298 4, 703, 783 5, 552, 144 4, 382, 713 1, 555, 827 1, 645, 228 18, 844 6,356 7,369 109 110 ill 112 113 114 11.5 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP II —CITIES OF 25,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrut sta: (posit Men jtional S i ions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Continental United States. 1, 138 2,158 5,245 28, 835 88,443 3,215, 309 2,821,670 180 2 NORTHEAST . 286 856 1,406 9,005 27,110 909, 790 807, 210 180 3 Connecticut . 27 65 153 831 2,650 93, 313 83,223 181 4 Bristol . . 2 2 11 58 183 6,140 5, 514 180 5 East Hartford _ 1 3 11 65 175 7,362 6,766 180 6 Meriden _ 1 5 13 56 166 6,294 5,504 181 7 1 3 20 50 1, 774 1,568 181 8 New Britain _ _ _ 1 14 14 76 358 11, 722 10, 605 181 9 New London _ 1 3 8 74 132 5,360 4, 709 180 10 Norwalk 6 _ _ 2 6 22 85 292 9, 276 8,256 181 11 Norwich _ _ 1 4 3 3 160 4, 510 3,956 180 12 Stamford.. . . . 8 6 16 150 352 12, 812 11,299 180 13 Stratford _ 3 11 15 64 204 7,515 6,693 183 14 Torrington . . . 1 3 11 40 123 4, 876 4,418 180 15 West Hartford . . . 4 3 16 89 261 8,891 7,912 180 16 West Haven _ 1 5 10 51 194 6,781 6,023 180 17 Maine _ _ 6 29 23 182 572 21, 009 19, 722 18 Bangor . . . . . . 1 8 8 35 167 5, 012 4, 510 181 19 Lewiston _ _ 1 4 7 25 105 3, 429 3, 105 181 20 Portland . . . . 4 17 8 122 300 12, 568 12, 107 184 21 Massachusetts . 57 207 328 2,040 6,220 204, 170 182, 763 178 22 Arlington . 1 8 9 71 184 6,446 5,739 177 23 Belmont . . . . 2 6 8 43 126 3, 871 3, 558 181 24 Beverly . . . 1 1 10 32 168 4, 559 4, 198 179 25 Brockton . . . 2 8 14 79 270 9,864 9, 084 179 26 Brookline _ 3 9 9 68 238 6, 911 6, 145 180 27 Chelsea . . . . 1 14 6 56 147 5,369 4, 777 178 28 Chicopee . . . . 1 4 11 57 194 7, 191 6, 169 182 29 Everett _ _ - _ 3 10 15 77 204 7,350 6,723 178 30 Fitchburg . 2 8 4 49 134 4, 353 3, 968 180 31 Framingham. . 2 5 10 39 136 4, 487 3,997 181 32 Gloucester _ 1 6 7 54 129 4,314 3, 935 177 33 Haverhill _ 1 8 8 80 164 6,053 5,453 174 34 Holyoke... . . . 2 3 10 48 186 6, 124 5,251 181 35 Lawrence _ 1 3 22 67 244 7,507 6, 752 178 36 Lowell _ _ 2 1 9 59 340 9, 692 8, 264 176 37 Lynn. . . 7 14 20 153 359 12, 680 11, 478 176 38 Malden . 2 7 16 89 255 7,786 7, 120 178 39 Medford _ _ 2 10 16 107 280 9,806 8,735 176 40 Melrose _ 1 5 44 168 4,597 4, 165 176 41 Newton _ 5 13 24 165 417 14, 805 13, 018 178 42 Northampton . . . 1 1 7 27 116 3, 386 3,114 175 43 Pittsfield _ _ _ 2 14 17 73 271 7,081 6,288 180 44 Quincy . . . . 4 6 17 137 399 14, 049 12, 459 175 45 Revere . . . . . 1 11 7 82 177 6, 407 5, 595 176 46 Salem . . 1 7 7 52 146 3,945 3, 578 177 47 Taunton _ _ 1 4 11 40 187 5,444 4, 946 178 48 Waltham. _ _ 1 8 10 59 205 7,020 6,457 173 49 Watertown _ 2 7 9 60 170 5, 376 4, 826 176 50 , Weymouth _ 2 11 10 73 206 7,697 6, 971 177 See footnotes at the end of Group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 for public -school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 TO 99,999 POPULATION Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 6 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $25,201,450 $12,117,848 $31,131,643 $488, 708,243 $13,496,344 $32,033,224 $577,487, 302 $179,964,129 $782, 653 7,620,013 4, 801, 774 8,391, 964 152, 484, 395 3, 678, 577 10, 033, 657 179,390,367 60, 726, 556 247, 737 495, 666 371, 661 899, 958 14, 615,866 334, 756 1, 132, 850 17, 355, 091 4, 714, 788 22, 566 39,247 27,474 28, 527 19, 942 49, 886 24,937 28. 383 17, 957 106, 104 38,836 18, 831 65, 159 30. 383 8,400 21, 400 20, 740 109, 328 15, 300 30,031 18,825 34, 724 42. 100 23. 100 17, 000 30, 713 57, 650 62, 398 74, 656 17, 795 91, 519 40, 100 115, 397 15, 000 114, 280 80, 850 57, 950 118, 863 53,500 1, 050, 505 1, 008, 908 921, 550 321. 270 1, 837, 907 848, 676 1, 425, 608 569, 729 2, 421, 045 1, 010, 957 682, 560 1, 687,869 829, 282 41, 955 27, 362 22. 525 6,817 41, 972 30, 191 19, 733 54, 748 13, 867 8, 983 61, 140 5,463 29, 981 65, 518 71, 474 24, 665 172, 438 68, 718 125, 193 31, 141 141,815 80, 589 40, 463 221, 386 59, 468 1, 188, 491 1, 185, 586 1, 110, 945 370, 547 2, 253, 164 1, 002, 985 1, 715, 963 634, 695 2, 766, 612 1, 228, 363 813, 056 2, 106, 258 978, 426 304, 632 275, 695 379, 864 137, 593 504, 603 183, 677 472, 388 127, 161 802, 935 311, 426 238, 631 702, 943 273, 240 1,532 1,489 1, 519 528 2,808 1, 212 2,217 780 3, 676 1, 579 1, 071 2, 874 1,282 74, 510 123, 792 107, 418 2, 598, 400 31, 376 214, 776 3, 075, 762 907, 192 4,057 21, 667 13, 963 38,880 32, 300 14, 337 77, 155 34, 875 29, 543 43, 000 669, 928 384, 064 1, 544, 408 6,135 6, 518 18, 723 37,298 31, 849 145, 629 780, 536 466, 311 1, 828, 915 183, 684 121, 039 602, 469 986 601 2, 470 1, 259, 238 1, 106, 681 1,899,650 33, 703, 768 577, 220 2, 163, 913 39, 451, 232 11, 320, 972 52,032 32, 673 38, 111 30, 992 34,050 50,700 31, 014 37, 083 45, 902 42,464 38. 815 27, 825 31, 493 41, 915 44, 585 55, 433 108, 013 32, 237 50, 005 30, 152 111, 039 16,603 36', 108 90, 829 29, 625 29,452 33, 276 29, 862 35, 054 43, 928 43, 343 23, 576 5, 300 38, 490 62, 731 76, 758 19, 557 82, 557 42, 828 27, 200 27, 000 31, 918 17, 692 13. 100 5, 300 62, 696 36, 400 53, 472 73, 559 5,175 77, 150 32, 813 51. 100 35, 236 19. 100 45, 170 34, 860 62,600 44, 890 49, 210 50. 900 83, 580 67,636 35, 160 51, 287 114, 669 25, 000 52, 450 40, 304 38,531 74, 422 116, 760 49. 900 99, 795 84,800 97, 428 25, 000 166, 408 39. 900 99, 150 103, 319 36. 900 39, 300 45, 050 55, 790 50,400 61, 711 1,076, 469 775, 105 764, 733 1,386, 090 1, 560, 414 793, 640 968, 128 1, 107, 317 791, 789 711,817 566, 904 839, 118 977, 674 1, 172, 323 1. 720, 000 2, 177, 446 1, 187, 032 1, 686, 740 835, 867 2, 703, 248 556, 695 1, 406, 712 2, 223, 568 953, 157 829, 725 854, 977 1, 085, 791 866, 331 1, 124, 958 16, 228 34, 368 14, 251 19, 519 41, 290 14, 500 19, 657 9, 559 11, 720 5, 250 10, 140 11, 254 21, 787 11, 020 5, 144 46, 905 14. 200 32, 246 7, 739 103, 506 5, 044 15, 050 27, 670 20, 250 12, 064 2, 210 18, 703 11, 250 14,696 79,863 63, 891 32. 322 76, 385 161, 195 36, 028 75, 163 42, 300 82, 988 53, 927 69, 384 50, 229 69, 743 36, 875 78, 197 109, 579 51, 081 82, 864 14, 288 196, 353 22, 732 130, 346 163, 745 68, 628 55, 558 30, 611 55, 202 55, 681 118, 755 1, 260, 793 946, 150 867, 506 1, 604, 064 1, 893, 266 956, 086 1, 133, 792 1, 356. 402 954', 325 850,644 713, 732 971, 050 1, 161, 318 1, 350, 078 1, 858, 541 2, 496, 421 1, 373, 513 1, 952, 750 882, 894 3, 243, 074 629, 546 1, 728, 408 2, 551, 115 1, 130, 035 971, 883 951, 948 1, 260, 656 1, 018, 522 1,382,720 313, 834 308, 227 270, 153 409, 594 510,600 246, 255 292, 975 357, 715 327,009 220, 223 237, 715 238, 802 330, 721 491, 822 550, 162 962, 662 199, 842 462, 107 305, 602 911, 099 154, 105 527, 248 628, 362 471, 396 253, 597 231, 725 402, 546 291, 535 413,339 1,607 1, 292 1,169 2,048 2, 455 1, 233 1.464 1, 760 1, 324 1,110 979 1,241 1, 534 1, 886 2. 464 3,567 1,606 2.465 1,219 4,265 800 2, 292 3, 270 1, 631 1,255 1, 217 1, 693 1,345 1, 840 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 61 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II —CITIES OF 25,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Fuli^Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 Men Women * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New Hampshire _ 7 33 30 153 433 15, 395 13,916 179 3 8 39 112 3, 628 3, 339 177 Manchester _ ... _ - 2 25 15 76 197 7,893 7,050 180 Nashua.. . . 2 8 7 38 124 3,874 3, 527 180 New Jersey . . 79 152 268 1, 617 5,493 171, 903 148, 753 181 Atlantic City . . . 1 6 15 88 234 8,122 6,759 180 Bayonne . - . . .. 1 11 10 76 302 8,747 7,441 180 Belleville _ _ 3 5 9 40 174 5, 722 4,987 180 Bloomfield _ 16 6 12 77 231 7,271 6,303 182 Clifton _ 1 7 14 53 322 10,883 9,731 182 East Orange _ 3 5 11 117 248 8, 294 7,016 181 Garfield _ _ - 1 9 32 129 3,739 3,311 180 Hackensack .. .. _ _ 1 7 54 164 5, 326 4, 658 180 Hoboken . . . 2 14 7 67 236 6,512 5,273 181 Irvington . - - - 1 6 11 72 241 7,575 6,537 181 Kearny . . - 1 5 8 32 164 5, 007 4,428 182 Linden _ _ - 2 8 14 67 193 5, 972 5,295 180 Montclair _ _ _ 3 6 11 77 227 6,489 5, 677 181 New Brunswick - - 3 7 7 46 187 5, 477 4, 670 180 North Bergen _ _ _ _ 2 7 18 157 4, 757 3, 952 183 Nutley - - - - 2 3 6 59 137 4, 456 3, 966 181 Orange. . . . . 1 3 10 42 154 4,893 4, 195 182 Passaic _ 3 10 13 58 262 7,487 6,444 182 Perth Amboy . . . 4 7 16 49 191 5,854 5, 100 180 Plainfield 14 6 7 79 225 7,108 6,218 181 South Orange-Maplewood . . . 3 5 15 215 6, 483 5,665 181 Teaneck _ _ 1 4 9 59 174 6,877 6, 121 180 Union City . . . 2 11 10 81 223 6, 585 5,526 182 Union Township - - 2 7 8 76 201 6,917 6,122 180 Vineland - - 1 2 5 39 118 4, 930 4, 314 180 West New York . . 3 1 7 39 224 5, 071 4,259 182 West Orange - - 2 7 10 51 160 5,349 4,785 183 New York _ _ _ 48 200 285 1,631 5,243 170, 750 148, 665 181 Amsterdam.. . . . . . 3 8 12 34 175 4, 671 4,130 182 Auburn 2 _ _ _ 2 12 10 34 152 4, 944 3, 654 182 Binghamton . . . 1 14 18 147 409 14, 044 12, 215 182 Elmira _ 1 12 13 64 261 8,256 7,259 181 Hempstead . . . 2 8 8 70 158 5,899 5,036 175 Irondequoit . . _ 1 5 28 87 3,053 2,851 183 Ithaca _ _ 1 5 9 44 140 4, 856 4,258 183 Jamestown... . . . 1 14 14 52 261 7,334 6,537 181 Kingston. - - - - 1 3 9 48 159 5,606 4, 925 179 Lackawanna _ _ _ _ 1 10 10 43 132 4,265 3,786 180 Lockport. - - - 1 3 7 47 131 4,786 4, 210 177 Mount Vernon . . . 2 5 16 113 361 11,067 9,723 183 Newburgh.. - - 1 8 9 46 148 5, 146 4, 517 183 New Rochelle. - - 3 8 14 102 277 8,984 7,813 177 Niagara Falls.. _ 4 18 30 207 523 17, 543 15, 375 183 Poughkeepsie . . 2 19 11 45 168 5, 453 4, 805 182 Rome.. - - - - 3 6 13 58 201 7,198 6, 231 183 Schenectady.. - - 5 10 26 134 477 14,228 12, 396 183 Troy: Lansingburg District _ 1 5 5 19 80 2,332 2,055 180 Union District _ 2 9 11 53 194 5, 842 4, 983 181 footnotes at the end of Group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953—54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 8 Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $114, 780 $120, 476 $138, 766 $2, 287, 037 $26, 810 $124, 623 $2, 697, 712 $888, 711 $3,701 36, 692 36, 287 609, 880 8,701 27, 397 682, 265 225, 456 944 39, 799 89, 844 72. 134 1, 050, 475 8, 490 58,453 1, 279, 396 408, 245 1,727 38, 289 30, 632 30, 345 626, 682 9,619 38, 773 736, 051 255, 010 1,029 1, 814, 928 881,151 1, 808, 563 32, 267, 380 1, 078, 929 1,979, 133 38,015, 156 12, 556, 246 52,386 66, 270 30, 210 83, 950 1, 417, 217 58,524 86, 994 1, 676, 895 633, 967 2,377 117, 029 66, 542 74,004 2,003, 774 61, 174 89, 882 2, 295, 376 892, 250 3, 305 52,008 24, 996 62, 100 917, 708 21, 745 63, 052 1, 089, 601 377, 801 1,519 63, 888 39, 300 86, 557 1, 451, 522 68, 068 90, 194 1, 735, 641 527, 003 2,327 69, 775 39, 347 90,795 1, 475, 380 42, 670 134, 349 1, 782, 541 840, 260 2,693 73, 335 25,920 86, 378 1, 705, 237 65, 889 106, 983 1, 990, 407 635, 219 2,699 49,199 51, 795 600, 526 8, 241 47, 941 708, 503 191, 425 949 58, 496 45, 316 1, 024, 721 23, 688 61, 682 1, 155, 407 436, 778 1,651 78,080 80,500 45,990 1, 327, 665 29,378 58, 629 1,542, 162 448, 630 2, 069 73,220 25, 393 77,200 1, 470, 869 49, 862 87, 228 1, 710, 552 574, 229 2, 358 66, 928 24,700 58, 150 1, 056, 567 14, 438 54,943 1,208, 798 384, 527 1,660 76, 813 55, 996 95, 077 1,236, 738 25, 323 63, 645 1, 476, 779 620, 883 2,174 96,181 42,500 86, 250 1, 469, 588 89,265 80,606 1, 768, 209 564, 927 2, 429 54, 396 39,820 40, 810 1,027, 706 39,964 69,104 1,217, 404 313, 583 1,585 44, 055 46, 850 693, 054 38,500 36, 326 814, 730 309, 896 1,169 50, 922 16,600 38,000 836, 704 24,803 42,843 959, 010 279, 934 1,290 58,461 16,900 61, 710 883, 477 28, 329 37, 782 1, 028, 198 285, 733 1,372 102, 251 54, 571 84,125 1, 492, 872 51,373 65, 616 1, 748, 557 654, 787 2, 506 57, 671 34,400 94, 133 1, 102, 941 13,384 70,239 1, 315, 097 348, 914 1,722 80,143 39,940 58,435 1, 386, 408 54, 932 108, 928 1,648, 643 431, 470 2,160 96, 670 30, 319 108, 025 1, 418, 975 43,431 78, 256 1, 679, 006 490, 126 2,266 58, 3.56 28, 258 63,890 1,033, 596 38,994 69,664 1,234, 402 363, 029 1,656 69, 914 61, 135 68,264 1,344, 645 53, 548 75, 459 1,603, 051 554, 411 2, 227 50,175 39, 867 54,300 1,164, 284 38,993 90,503 1, 387, 947 413, 812 1,852 37, 377 10, 400 28, 424 646, 831 13, 151 56, 518 755, 324 227, 047 1,020 62, 696 5, 275 45, 750 1, 115, 206 46, 932 93, 300 1,306, 463 364, 276 1,733 50,619 48, 262 72,285 963, 109 34,330 58, 467 1, 176, 453 391, 239 1,618 1, 647, 695 1, 287, 841 1, 756, 834 30, 520, 632 944, 135 1, 898, 192 36, 407, 634 15,339, 264 53, 395 64, 553 35,658 51,608 802, 502 16, 773 20,206 926, 747 476, 741 1, 468 44, 070 70, 250 53,400 766, 192 17, 261 55, 005 962, 108 373, 353 1,380 103,690 91, 471 100,366 2, 317, 782 55, 625 74,113 2, 639, 357 866, 239 3,609 42, 478 73, 949 69,600 1, 392, 320 17, 972 45,566 1,599, 410 491, 264 2, 133 66,290 68, 700 69,900 1, 343, 746 52, 573 86,104 1, 621, 023 630, 190 2, 318 24, 101 34,100 489, 640 2,600 66, 086 592, 426 200, 214 817 48,542 25,164 51, 175 736, 820 20,689 62,190 896, 038 406, 790 1,351 78,548 68,084 82,635 1,323, 124 41,104 102, 426 1, 617, 373 645, 089 2, 341 42, 995 14,500 57, 770 860, 697 23, 712 85,178 1,041, 857 384, 310 1, 469 65,868 64, 650 64,700 772, 273 31,299 36,144 969, 066 466, 677 1,502 51, 785 19, 526 44, 260 767, 467 18, 272 42, 159 891, 684 373, 639 1,317 122, 169 35, 989 118, 608 2, 470, 478 78, 816 107, 172 2, 811, 063 1, 036, 935 3, 970 42, 109 41,150 46, 774 845, 180 15, 074 50,785 998, 963 422, 784 1,464 115, 039 62, 471 110,300 1,909, 107 88,292 140, 716 2,310, 886 967, 195 3, 393 115,844 149, 007 157, 859 3, 061, 813 77, 098 157, 504 3, 603, 281 1, 769, 054 5, 488 57, 811 110, 450 64,183 972, 624 46,506 90,400 1,284, 163 540, 257 1,882 49, 080 50, 361 76, 594 1,084, 040 26,293 47, 213 1,284, 501 497, 933 1,832 143, 746 74, 111 170, 143 2,646, 316 114, 152 190,848 3, 195, 570 1,464, 046 4,803 22, 494 23, 914 26,300 331, 519 5,193 26,862 413, 788 139, 582 576 58, 771 49, 695 53, 645 937, 361 15,326 26,748 1, 082, 775 528, 950 1,670 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 OBIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II —CITIES OF 25,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru< sta (posit Men Jtional ff i ions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught ? • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New York— Con. Valley Stream: Elementary Dist. No. 13.. 2 7 22 120 4. 565 3,912 181 Elementary Dist. No. 24.. 1 1 3 6 47 1,439 1, 192 181 Elementary Dist. No. 30.. 1 4 1 65 2,207 1,874 181 High School Dist. No 1... 1 7 3 88 67 3,031 2,698 179 Watertown _ 1 6 9 40 205 6, 202 5, 333 182 White Plains _ 4 9 9 86 245 7,799 6, 797 182 Pennsylvania . . . 49 140 242 2,071 5,082 185, 003 167, 621 181 Abington (Township) . . 2 8 11 81 164 6,345 5,657 180 Aliquippa _ _ 2 2 5 54 127 4,892 4,381 180 Altoona . . . 1 11 4 115 322 10,846 9,893 180 Bethlehem - - 2 6 12 137 231 11,428 10, 194 180 Chester _ 2 8 15 108 277 9, 527 9,110 180 Easton.. - .. 1 5 8 69 141 5, 262 5, 058 180 Harrisburg _ . - - 4 4 10 148 294 11, 299 9, 751 184 Haverford (Township). _ 1 9 90 136 5,784 5, 225 181 Hazleton - - - 1 7 6 71 144 4, 797 4, 424 190 Johnstown . . . 4 9 17 74 339 10, 770 9, 708 180 Lancaster. - - 2 8 10 89 239 8, 739 7,861 181 Lebanon _ ... 1 1 4 65 122 4,813 4, 640 183 Lower Merion (Township).. . 3 3 14 110 252 7, 551 6,726 180 McKeesport - - 1 3 13 74 205 7, 687 7,419 180 Mount Lebanon (Township) . 2 3 6 57 158 5. 366 4, 999 180 New Castle _ 1 3 11 74 246 8, 246 7,400 180 New Kensington... . . 1 9 3 42 123 4, 276 3,830 180 Norristown _ 6 7 5 67 129 5, 195 4, 698 185 Sharon _ ... .. . ... 1 4 10 36 136 4, 492 4. 094 180 Upper Darby (Township) - 2 7 12 114 301 11, 700 10, 143 185 Washington _ _ ... 1 4 8 23 112 4,127 3, 632 180 Wilkes-Barre _ _ _ 3 7 10 98 290 9, 145 8,091 183 Wilkinsburg - - 2 1 7 41 129 4,783 4, 145 180 Williamsport _ _ _ 2 8 13 119 201 8,164 7,220 180 York _ _ _ 1 12 19 115 264 9, 769 9, 322 180 Rhode Island _ 12 26 72 454 1, 309 44, 260 39, 145 180 Cranston... _ . ... 3 2 14 71 256 8, 643 7,865 180 East Providence . . 1 3 6 100 141 6, 571 5,648 181 Newport _ 1 2 8 52 158 5,693 4, 871 179 Pawtucket - - 1 16 25 116 314 9,278 7,989 181 Warwick _ 5 2 17 81 290 9, 629 8,608 180 Woonsocket _ 1 1 2 34 150 4,446 4, 164 180 Vermont Burlington _ _ _ 1 4 5 26 108 3,987 3, 502 178 NORTH CENTRAL _ 447 692 1,844 10,249 29, 029 1, 076, 744 945, 283 181 Illinois _ 94 161 385 1, 908 5, 915 211, 942 181, 421 185 Alton 3 23 89 244 9,294 8,418 185 Aurora: East Side District _ 1 1 10 48 135 5,878 4, 758 186 West Side District _ 3 7 51 106 4,394 3,431 188 Belleville: Elementary District 1 10 4 89 3, a 79 2,593 192 High School District 8 - 2 2 35 44 1, 723 1, 502 189 footnotes at the end of Group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 5 Salaries and wages Other s Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional stall Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $65, 045 9, 518 32, 963 28,271 44, 498 107,417 $47, 100 26, 000 20, 775 23,500 54, 719 80, 820 $592, 036 242, 050 291, 947 782, 548 1,018,763 1, 762, 284 $77, 817 16, 563 18, 473 67, 821 73, 601 130, 492 $716, 953 301, 587 331, 195 991, 397 1, 198, 404 2, 126, 019 $305, 655 422, 570 111, 161 394, 848 434, 526 989, 262 $1,088 734 475 1, 415 1, 677 3,223 $6, 200 $10, 774 55,650 30, 600 66, 291 61,878 20, 721 86, 132 1, 915, 516 742,327 1,365,893 29, 606, 540 563, 097 2,061, 793 34,339,650 12, 815, 209 49, 070 89,468 60, 833 103, 148 73, 599 93, 968 64, 910 143, 915 81, 644 61, 741 105, 273 57, 073 43, 639 106, 830 83, 120 60, 871 66,808 42, 090 51, 834 50,440 116, 866 24, 874 93, 395 51, 537 93, 206 94, 434 42,763 13, 238 63, 346 34, 690 43, 212 25, 165 25, 148 70,547 33.887 24, 101 69, 944 74, 749 42, 891 75, 535 44, 550 38, 508 77.888 47,887 22, 798 97,035 75, 099 41, 462 57, 792 16, 846 28,700 50, 400 69, 250 34, 563 58, 130 39,371 80, 062 93, 898 1, 001, 962 870, 571 1, 679, 809 1, 516, 106 1, 624, 977 911, 916 1, 848, 588 909, 231 887,050 1, 681, 647 1, 254, 264 716, 511 1, 593,806 1, 148, 143 973, 707 1, 247, 860 654, 276 825, 557 694, 478 1, 777, 871 521, 737 1, 699, 152 707, 377 1, 276, 855 1, 583, 089 24,067 23, 175 22, 170 21, 491 18, 986 14, 337 33, 962 29, 151 9, 413 20, 714 13, 229 10, 525 48, 943 10, 279 28, 853 31, 786 14,417 8, 827 11, 442 57,838 10, 150 12, 934 9, 247 25, 040 52, 121 106, 477 49, 244 97, 121 112, 734 86, 622 71, 048 116,094 72, 634 42, 134 109, 864 56, 267 56, 973 160, 699 113, 626 77, 287 106, 093 54, 654 44, 217 45, 184 101, 410 37, 638 104, 108 56,303 122, 000 61, 362 1, 245, 816 990, 115 1, 886, 547 1, 754, 965 1, 848, 546 1, 065, 357 2, 099, 327 1, 055, 566 1, 012, 121 1, 930,485 1, 407, 492 811, 203 1, 916, 821 1, 361, 542 1, 136, 421 1, 458, 431 780, 442 941, 601 820, 454 2, 049, 278 622, 388 1, 912, 991 817, 248 1, 546, 241 1, 868, 252 514,663 371, 378 745, 501 688, 658 607, 405 349, 335 688, 022 391, 408 358, 595 652, 091 482, 353 392, 021 679, 703 522, 659 350, 929 455, 535 215, 747 388, 061 319, 181 699, 357 247, 757 677, 915 466, 634 753,644 796, 657 1, 850 1,422 2,735 2,517 2,550 1, 480 2, 931 1, 529 1,433 2,688 1, 947 1, 247 2,703 1, 967 1, 548 1, 981 1,038 1,382 1,190 2, 866 895 2,684 1, 335 2, 393 2,759 35, 016 40, 372 35, 845 4, 396 16,338 14, 395 15, 112 14, 900 40, 249 34. 300 18, 950 42, 909 18. 300 38, 667 4, 950 42, 284 77, 782 281, 422 153, 398 390,542 6, 394, 892 109, 210 435, 587 7, 483, 629 2,009,502 9, 775 56, 103 54, 108 23, 712 68, 165 51, 018 28,316 7,673 17, 000 9. 275 101, 156 12, 894 5, 400 57, 858 35, 600 40, 475 166, 437 78, 372 11,800 1, 027, 545 856, 162 765, 410 1, 745, 364 1, 266, 706 733, 705 19, 418 11, 675 16, 824 39, 092 16, 525 5,676 78,365 42, 210 78, 413 80, 870 124, 654 31, 075 1, 190, 859 962, 647 910, 397 2, 132, 919 1, 499, 151 787, 656 365, 919 317, 679 162, 686 498, 599 384,840 279, 779 1, 613 1,334 1, 097 2,700 1,935 1, 096 16, 258 14, 447 24, 340 489, 880 13,044 22,790 564, 501 174, 672 755 8,476,769 3,842,031 10, 951, 341 167, 602, 911 4, 216, 550 11, 306, 720 197, 919, 553 64, 867, 752 271,264 2, 327, 621 913, 379 2, 242, 957 34, 633, 522 726, 965 2, 176, 546 40, 693, 369 14, 313, 570 57,335 47,320 33, 435 40, 541 109, 415 56, 036 56, 697 62, 000 13, 600 1,395,771 761, 450 651, 445 373, 626 347, 847 24,548 14, 052 28,733 46,000 2,500 48,490 42,299 41, 713 36, 214 20, 003 1, 578, 224 879, 137 777, 588 507,840 383, 850 437, 449 302, 225 309, 039 161, 528 330, 776 2,063 1, 215 1, 127 694 748 5,300 24, 630 33, 200 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II— CITIES OF 25,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (post Men ctional iff i tions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois— Continued Berwyn: 151 Elementary District No. 1 4 11 62 1,586 1, 434 185 152 Elementary District No. 1 2 7 11 97 2,808 2, 314 185 100. 153 Bloomington _ 1 9 12 60 153 5,234 4.173 185 154 Champaign _ 1 18 50 168 5,426 4, 792 187 Cicero*: 155 Elementary District - 3 2 11 15 183 4,948 4, 093 185 156 High School District _ 1 16 1 112 86 4, 141 3,684 186 157 Danville _ 2 11 13 55 213 7,807 6, 843 185 158 Decatur . . 4 9 23 114 356 13, 403 11,803 185 159 East St. Louis _ 3 12 19 104 402 15, 302 13, 759 181 160 Elgin _ _ _ 2 8 20 85 242 8,017 6,720 188 Evanston: 161 Elementary District- ... 2 11 16 41 280 7,102 5,740 187 162 High School District _ 4 12 2 84 51 2, 494 2,220 185 163 Galesburg _ 5 18 65 164 6,209 5, 552 187 164 Granite City _ 1 13 33 199 8, 048 6,880 189 Joliet: 165 Elementary District. ... 2 5 16 22 225 6,363 5,726 185 166 High School District _ 13 1 4 84 69 3,310 2,878 185 167 Kankakee _ 2 10 12 34 121 4, 450 3, 815 185 Maywood-Melrose Park: 168 Elementary District _ 3 4 8 14 116 4,036 3,284 185 169 High School District _ 2 2 88 67 3, 669 3,281 188 170 Moline _ _ 3 10 17 82 253 8,754 7,633 185 Oak Park: 171 Elementary District ... 7 8 10 18 225 5, 117 4,127 186 172 High School District . 2 8 2 66 50 2, 572 2,395 181 173 Quincy.. . . . . 1 7 13 46 170 7, 059 5, 617 185 174 Rockford . . . 4 5 25 160 516 19, 189 16, 765 178 175 Rock Island _ _ 1 1 14 65 215 8,532 6, 919 186 176 Springfield . . . 10 6 22 96 406 14, 474 12, 139 188 Waukegan: 177 Elementary District. ... 2 3 10 11 162 5,035 4,060 186 178 High School District - 1 1 55 46 2, 389 2,073 185 179 Indiana . . 38 72 183 1,266 2, 754 121, 689 103, 747 179 180 Anderson - - 2 4 15 98 188 10, 122 9, 070 174 181 Bloomington . . . 1 3 7 64 146 5, 980 5,287 174 182 East Chicago _ _ 4 9 12 98 207 8, 532 7,206 182 183 Elkhart _ _ 3 6 15 101 191 7,921 6,377 180 184 Hammond . . . . 6 5 18 161 461 18, 178 15, 230 181 185 Kokomo . . . . . 2 7 13 82 174 7,987 7,021 176 186 Lafayette . . . . 1 3 12 56 134 6,307 5,613 177 187 Marion . . . 3 3 12 53 137 6, 291 5,411 180 188 Michigan City . . 1 3 6 54 107 5,599 4, 893 179 189 Mishawaka _ _ _ 3 4 10 60 139 6,933 5, 196 176 190 Muncie. . . . 3 6 19 162 282 13, 651 11,611 177 191 New Albany _ 1 8 8 57 117 5, 478 4, 965 174 192 Richmond . 6 6 13 138 147 8, 327 6, 926 185 193 Terre Haute - 2 5 23 82 324 10, 383 8,941 181 See footnotes at the end of Group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Fuli^Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other 3 structional (in thou¬ Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure sands) 8 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $28, 403 $20,800 $311, 369 $16, 120 $348, 289 $106, 025 $483 : 35,763 $10, 345 40,929 431, 981 19, 151 502,406 123, 424 662 : 48, 862 53,788 65,166 896, 810 $18, 619 52,824 1, 087, 207 311, 744 1,448 : 35, 722 98,864 1, 060, 103 32,160 99,448 1, 290, 575 401, 061 1, 727 60,566 10, 650 71,010 918, 614 30,672 1, 030, 946 333, 020 1,424 165, 247 102,540 11, 000 991, 045 129, 432 1, 234, 017 448, 885 1,848 70,041 54, 186 75,278 1, 171, 803 29, 073 51, 286 1, 381, 626 386, 767 1,838 68,171 37, 734 141, 984 2,012,218 48, 795 89, 691 2, 330, 422 658, 646 3, 057 141, 914 65,000 103, 789 2, 059, 467 60, 724 133, 381 2, 422, 361 1, 398, 906 3,963 52, 574 42,531 109,400 1, 268, 502 32, 947 137, 873 1, 591, 253 565,200 2,209 75, 335 61, 667 97, 067 1, 442, 127 83, 177 1, 684, 038 517, 724 2,277 98, 417 64, 386 13, 000 710, 370 73, 657 861, 413 316, 225 1,276 86,944 89,060 942, 245 29, 626 1, 060, 931 343, 689 1,492 72, 037 68,000 947, 733 53,147 1, 068, 880 573, 818 1, 715 61, 219 25, 064 87, 995 1, 021, 105 2,400 38, 435 1, 174, 999 410, 904 1, 647 74, 412 7,500 27, 672 819, 648 83,200 128, 661 1, 066, 681 483, 156 1,624 44, 289 44, 627 64, 075 622, 672 13, 319 32,545 777,238 394, 467 1, 216 65, 075 23,900 49,652 555,206 21, 421 38, 674 688,853 185, 851 940 85,123 17,000 862, 668 23,568 56, 355 959, 591 399, 917 1, 445 90,093 54,242 95, 048 1, 278, 491 48, 053 1, 475, 834 674, 160 2,240 135, 885 52, 735 79, 317 1, 174, 596 40,655 1, 347, 303 372, 550 1, 856 81, 163 63, 476 15,000 717, 593 43, 846 839, 915 323, 593 1,245 34,921 36, 012 70, 446 949, 996 29,728 52, 426 1, 138, 608 316, 218 1,490 136, 798 38, 069 166, 681 2, 950, 329 120, 457 156, 806 3, 432, 342 ! 1, 021, 006 4, 590 48, 864 6,927 85, 076 1, 232, 357 43, 301 66, 579 1, 434, 240 ( 511, 214 1,994 124,389 34, 100 130,000 2, 376, 948 22,620 161, 100 2, 724, 768 1 729, 150 3,578 36,581 18,600 55,000 847, 826 46,242 967, 668 ; 162, 521 1, 167 89,687 8,000 529, 561 28,800 77, 965 644, 326 i 302, 712 1,037 687,666 428,392 1, 147, 704 18, 153, 300 359, 142 671, 014 20, 759, 552 ! 5, 489, 858 26,937 61,404 23, 098 93,000 1, 426, 421 32,088 57,202 1, 631,809 i 335, 039 2, 028 30, 945 17,250 46, 614 823,270 5, 776 . 62, 055 954, 965 i 423, 324 1, 409 66, 976 65, 170 93, 905 1, 622, 247 66, 108 58,968 1, 906, 398 l 616, 284 2,590 60, 642 33,963 96, 093 1, 308, 421 35, 067 85, 129 1, 558, 673 i 361, 07C 1, 981 103, 840 28,361 130, 857 3, 021, 178 73, 799 ' 103, 402 3, 357, 597 936, 306 i 4,398 39,940 31,629 80, 910 1, 171,345 16, 346 i 27,964 1, 328, 191 286, 972 ! 1, 655 32, 370 20,224 81, 669 934, 981 15, 395 i 21, 246 1, 073, 513 i 228, 078 1 1,334 30, 494 19, 529 70,564 795, 120 9,889 i 35, 840 930, 942 ! 207, 755 i 1, 169 25, 620 17,464 35, 718 737, 265 6,748 ; 18, 434 815, 629 1 187, 822 ! 1,029 35, 571 27, 650 58,591 895, 121 22, 859 i 50,295 1,054, 516 i 247, 268 ; 1, 337 49,960 41, 970 120, 010 1, 863, 085 27,534 64,763 2,117, 362 ! 631, 357 2, 799 33, 378 40, 487 47, 467 586, 867 4, 377 18, 847 698, 043 i 165, 441 897 47,500 8 35, 996 76, 318 1, 122, 811 15, 582 ! 32, 661 1, 283, 368 1 307, 448 1,638 69, 026 25, 601 115, 988 1, 845, 168 27, 574 34,208 2, 048, 539 i 555, 694 2,673 154 155 156 157 158 159 inn 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II —CITIES OF 25,000 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Fuld-Time Day Schools City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Iowa. . . 31 73 170 821 2,863 96, 762 85, 874 182 Burlington _ 2 1 14 50 176 5, 695 5, 317 181 Cedar Rapids _ _ 3 7 20 115 387 12, 902 11, 637 183 Clinton 8. . . . . 3 7 9 41 151 5, 317 4, 820 181 Council Bluffs _ 1 2 16 52 276 9, 818 8, 516 180 Davenport . . . 8 11 15 117 282 12, 038 10, 523 180 Dubuque _ _ _ 3 7 12 44 130 4, 225 3,701 186 Fort Dodge 8 . . . . 1 4 8 41 150 6, 141 4,541 183 Iowa City _ _ 1 5 5 27 96 2, 889 2,544 179 Mason City 8 _ _ 4 8 14 63 164 5, 441 4, 947 181 Ottumwa _ _ _ 2 8 16 69 228 7, 383 6,510 183 Sioux City _ 1 10 22 99 480 14,330 12, 577 182 Waterloo. . . 2 3 19 103 343 11,583 10, 241 181 Kansas.. . . 8 16 61 211 724 28, 363 23, 989 177 Hutchinson 8... . 2 3 17 84 207 8, 715 6, 711 179 Salina . . 3 2 12 32 185 6, 441 5, 462 175 Topeka _ _ 3 11 32 95 332 13, 207 11, 816 177 Michigan _ 88 98 324 2,055 5, 328 201, 159 177, 803 183 Ann Arbor _ 4 12 78 213 6,604 6, 057 178 Battle Creek . 7 10 17 104 291 10, 808 8, 876 178 Bay City 8 _ _ 2 8 20 113 216 8,835 7, 960 180 Dearborn 8... . . 21 18 35 362 597 24, 554 20, 110 185 Ferndale _ _ 4 2 10 77 183 7, 325 6, 742 184 Grosse Pointe _ _ 9 3 14 120 206 7, 822 6, 673 180 Hamtramck _ 2 3 6 45 121 3, 918 3, 453 181 Highland Park 8 _ _ 5 1 8 113 186 7, 066 6, 276 187 Jackson 8 _ _ _ _ 3 8 19 66 288 10, 782 9, 595 181 Kalamazoo . . . . 2 10 16 112 350 12, 301 10, 441 183 Lansing . . . 2 14 40 183 482 18, 443 16, 804 179 Lincoln Park _ 1 14 50 208 9, 090 8, 286 186 Muskegon 8 . . 2 5 16 268 9,285 8,644 184 Pontiac _ 2 30 126 447 16, 975 14, 742 184 Port Huron 8_ . 4 9 12 64 219 7, 066 6,477 183 Royal Oak _ 4 18 129 385 14, 542 13, 432 189 Saginaw... . . 6 7 23 141 460 18, 683 16, 820 180 Wyandotte . . 8 14 74 208 7, 060 6, 415 182 Minnesota . . 6 15 27 158 309 11, 581 10, 293 177 Rochester 8 _ _ _ 1 9 14 65 144 5,293 4,681 180 St. Cloud . 1 1 8 44 70 2, 968 2, 658 175 Winona . . . . 4 5 5 49 95 3, 320 2, 954 173 Missouri . 23 37 116 377 1, 572 55, 515 48, 459 180 Columbia . . . 4 4 10 27 97 3,691 3, 252 180 Independence . 2 6 14 31 195 6, 934 5, 955 180 Jefferson City 8 _ 1 1 2 23 89 3, 457 3,020 177 Joplin8. . . . . 2 5 22 63 211 7, 975 6, 854 180 St. Joseph 8 . 4 4 28 71 391 12, 139 10, 736 180 Springfield . . . . 8 11 30 98 367 13, 942 12, 137 178 University City. . . . 2 6 10 64 222 7, 377 6,505 186 Nebraska Lincoln . 4 25 33 117 553 17, 055 15, 172 175 footnotes at the end of Group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Adminis- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other 3 structional (in thou¬ Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure sands) 3 visors pals instructional stafl 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $576, 690 $382, 996 $914, 212 $14, 518, 870 $285, 826 $740, 662 $16, 842, 566 $4,962,906 $22, 382 27, 572 4, 175 70, 329 887, 721 12, 776 45, 789 1, 020, 790 393, 957 1,442 85, 021 52, 452 122, 779 2, 126, 424 43, 264 108, 993 2, 453, 912 838, 224 3, 377 28, 479 34, 777 48, 712 742, 277 21, 612 39, 667 887, 045 286, 081 1,202 29, 607 10,000 82, 883 1, 084, 875 19, 077 47, 585 1, 244, 420 342, 552 1,616 75, 863 65, 496 87, 732 1, 681, 655 69, 150 65, 549 1, 969, 582 570, 112 2,615 39, 606 29, 993 47, 690 701, 803 11, 576 32, 327 823, 389 313, 671 1,177 38, 082 16,908 41, 446 714, 419 9, 341 65, 128 847, 242 249, 598 1,135 33, 499 20, 531 25, 874 415,047 11, 578 30, 949 503, 979 187, 068 725 53, 044 41, 008 77, 545 979, 186 14, 096 56, 621 1, 168, 456 354, 268 1, 576 28, 983 39, 120 72, 425 982, 676 16, 998 100, 212 1, 211, 431 368, 902 1,609 79, 586 52. 936 128, 497 2, 481, 589 39, 691 93, 617 2, 796, 330 524, 232 3, 400 57, 348 15,600 108, 300 1, 721, 198 16, 667 54, 225 1, 915, 990 534, 241 2,508 121, 533 85, 916 298, 585 3, 184, 498 72, 929 176, 088 3, 818, 016 1, 025, 083 4,965 29,020 14, 400 74, 207 920, 800 23, 316 58, 340 1, 091,063 275, 938 1,396 29, 540 11, 250 66, 878 710, 467 13, 614 53, 316 855, 525 274, 939 1, 160 62, 973 60, 266 157, 500 1, 553, 231 35, 999 64, 432 1, 871, 428 474, 206 2, 409 1, 777, 278 596, 151 2, 148, 645 33, 546, 246 1, 168, 137 2, 814, 175 40, 273, 354 12, 778, 703 54, 829 102, 113 65, 000 1, 200, 228 34, 782 63, 751 1, 363, 761 426, 127 1, 892 97, 234 62, 500 101, 591 1, 658, 172 67, 319 153, 491 2, 043, 073 700, 280 2,841 72, 465 44, 295 119, 317 1, 606, 274 33, 938 122, 137 1, 925, 961 420, 250 2,419 218, 191 116, 838 232, 516 4, 579, 274 227, 585 483, 457 5, 639, 670 2, 116, 768 7, 975 59, 999 13, 573 66, 170 1, 222, 184 29, 825 74, 532 1, 406, 284 422, 767 1,889 104, 488 19, 579 125, 327 1, 583, 003 68, 025 136, 698 1, 932, 632 567, 063 2,604 94, 024 19,500 48, 000 843, 162 59, 303 76, 515 1, 046, 480 569, 807 1,710 79, 648 11, 700 70, 600 1, 747, 255 90, 405 138, 857 2, 058, 817 673, 650 2, 812 104, 982 48, 169 132, 912 1, 745, 223 66, 355 143, 313 2, 135, 972 690, 125 2, 931 95, 339 56, 036 94, 878 1, 935, 135 86, 135 137, 316 2, 309, 500 898, 852 3, 304 96, 917 73, 811 227, 109 2, 737, 898 66, 918 373, 127 3, 478, 863 1, 138, 399 4, 714 63, 793 87,600 1, 146, 452 29, 626 69, 739 1, 333, 417 376, 216 1, 773 57, 389 27, 212 96, 109 1, 519, 235 48, 698 100, 129 1, 791, 383 500, 223 2, 349 93, 771 216, 067 2, 638, 019 81, 782 169, 728 3, 105, 596 962, 010 4,161 95, 094 50,544 75, 816 1, 201, 589 36, 519 57, 594 1, 422, 062 165, 799 1,683 97, 974 122, 930 2, 028, 843 22, 400 147, 627 2, 321, 800 557, 957 2, 978 136, 992 52,394 176, 870 2, 780, 459 66, 270 195, 407 3, 271, 400 924, 931 4, 333 106, 865 89, 833 1, 373, 841 52, 252 170, 757 1, 686, 683 667, 479 2, 461 119, 407 78, 225 156, 329 2, 124, 831 46, 823 182, 172 2, 588, 380 741, 636 3,449 50, 739 49, 500 79, 740 1, 030, 190 18, 477 74, 961 1, 252, 868 366, 667 1, 670 34,202 5, 680 46, 789 490, 594 15, 517 66, 492 625, 072 188,042 847 34, 466 23, 045 29, 800 604, 047 12, 829 40, 719 710, 440 186, 927 932 278, 524 184, 971 553, 807 6, 662, 348 144, 490 586, 641 8, 132, 257 2, 249, 953 10, 661 24, 292 14, 611 43, 610 379, 468 12, 365 39, 310 489, 364 136, 815 651 28, 102 28, 923 73, 531 679, 109 14, 513 69, 704 865, 780 234, 399 1,128 23, 521 5,981 11, 950 440, 392 5,000 39, 015 502, 338 150, 461 676 35, 861 21, 608 102, 528 934, 382 12, 506 78, 000 1, 149, 024 325, 758 1, 511 59, 876 15, 000 107, 101 1, 409, 644 16, 304 106, 468 1, 654, 517 556, 297 2, 271 51, 445 68, 001 151, 687 1, 662, 869 59, 819 127, 902 2, 070, 278 441, 218 2, 563 55, 427 30, 847 63, 400 1, 156, 484 23, 983 126. 242 1, 400, 956 405, 005 1, 861 89, 189 94, 116 209,088 2, 490, 260 69,380 220, 995 3, 083, 839 846, 153 4,019 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 398312— 5l -5 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 iBIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP II.— CITIES OF 25,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 North Dakota . 4 5 21 110 281 10, 551 9, 798 180 Fargo . . . 3 5 13 72 172 6,168 5, 870 180 Grand Forks . . . . 1 8 38 109 4, 383 3,928 180 Ohio . . 80 103 291 1, 881 4, 951 184, 625 168, 104 179 Alliance . . . . 2 3 10 65 158 5, 757 6, 461 181 Barberton _ .. ........ 1 8 13 63 132 5, 758 5,268 180 Cleveland Heights . . . 6 7 26 146 352 11,009 10, 188 174 Cuyahoga Falls... _ _ 2 3 7 52 146 6, 022 5, 394 181 East Cleveland . . . - 4 10 36 155 5, 208 4, 890 184 Elyria _ _ 4 2 9 57 158 6,049 5,509 177 Euclid . . . . . . 4 5 12 96 229 9, 255 8, 542 179 Hamilton . . . . 2 4 15 98 262 10, 610 9, 286 180 Lakewood . . . . 4 6 12 66 202 6, 774 6, 416 176 Lima _ _ _ _ _ 2 8 4 197 92 8,408 8,033 180 Lorain _ _ _ 4 5 12 105 206 8, 996 8,246 178 Mansfield _ _ 10 9 14 72 317 9,668 8,835 180 Marion . . . 2 5 13 45 185 6,312 5, 948 176 Massillon.. . . . . 3 1 4 78 152 5,883 5,387 180 Middletown. . . . . 1 6 12 53 174 6,785 5, 767 185 Newark _ . . 1 9 43 167 5, 827 5,388 178 Norwood . . . . 4 6 46 119 3, 857 3, 514 188 Parma . . 4 7 12 63 202 8, 898 7, 653 173 Portsmouth . . . . 2 2 16 69 174 6, 634 5, 827 179 Sandusky _ 1 1 11 51 139 4, 846 4, 450 176 Shaker Heights (P. O. Cleve¬ land) _ _ .. 4 10 77 203 5, 876 5, 303 174 Springfield . . 5 11 25 113 362 14, 600 12, 751 182 Steubenville.. . . . .. 4 3 8 46 193 4,902 4, 546 180 Warren . . . . 3 5 16 83 288 9, 156 8, 551 178 Zanesville _ _ 1 2 5 61 184 7,635 6, 951 177 South Dakota _ 9 10 32 96 508 15,874 14, 149 Rapid City . . . . 1 6 16 39 191 5, 968 5, 307 178 Sioux Falls . . 8 4 16 57 317 9,906 8, 842 179 Wisconsin. . . . 62 77 201 1,249 3. 271 121,628 106, 474 181 Appleton . . . . 3 6 9 63 138 6,282 5,013 173 Beloit . . . . 3 5 16 88 165 6, 588 6,007 187 Eau Claire _ 3 6 7 87 168 6,307 5,638 175 Fond du Lac _ 2 3 9 59 123 4,648 4,299 186 Green Bay _ _ 3 1 14 73 227 8, 005 7,299 178 Kenosha _ _ 8 6 18 89 271 9, 855 7,931 174 La Crosse _ ._ 3 4 15 69 204 8, 687 6, 717 189 Madison _ _ _ 6 9 22 120 411 13, 977 12, 035 178 Manitowoc . . 4 1 10 54 108 4,390 4, 128 183 Oshkosh . . . . 1 5 6 48 182 6, 455 5, 348 177 Racine. _ _ 3 9 15 113 312 12, 018 10, 751 182 Sheboygan _ _ _ 4 3 11 94 188 7, 098 6, 615 185 Superior ... . . . . .. 14 5 10 71 149 5,401 4, 781 179 Wausau . . 1 6 10 60 163 5, 356 5, 178 178 Wauwatosa . . . . . 2 3 13 69 205 7, 611 6, 526 181 West Allis _ 2 5 16 92 257 8, 950 8,208 184 footnotes at the end of Group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 8 Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instructional stall Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $43, 212 $16, 821 $101, 345 $1, 435, 293 $22, 036 $84, 411 $1, 659, 906 $503, 703 $2,207 23, 872 16, 821 57,784 900, 316 16, 673 49, 760 1, 041, 354 326, 214 1, 392 19, 340 43, 561 534, 977 5, 363 34, 651 618, 552 177, 489 815 1,450,8-8 580, 598 1,809,037 28, 949, 167 699, 524 2, 138, 312 34, 176, 638 13, 841, 760 49, 469 34, 744 12. 800 62. 750 790,601 9,264 64,116 939,531 257,890 1, 232 32,368 55, 182 73,608 778, 668 23, 685 61, 737 992, 880 483, 188 1,508 153, 023 39, 270 163, 395 2, 203, 915 74, 401 202, 781 2, 683, 762 1, 390, 974 4,228 47, 121 17, 100 55,900 807, 131 16, 798 59, 340 956, 269 313, 900 1,317 51, 276 73,310 991, 665 36,160 54,813 1, 155, 948 562, 399 1, 770 53, 758 9, 800 55, 800 962, 798 13,300 69, 873 1, 111, 571 363,928 1, 529 99,825 38,100 88, 863 1, 584, 916 51,390 139, 308 1, 902, 577 861, 650 2,864 88,458 18, 674 106, 090 1, 532, 806 32,640 67, 847 1, 758, 057 537, 992 2,385 73, 887 39,400 82, 242 1, 320, 799 55, 826 125, 774 1, 624, 041 809, 666 2,508 49, 073 40, 612 22,325 1, 134, 248 18, 175 62, 539 1, 277, 899 320, 029 1, 647 67,064 26,382 75,568 1, 245, 724 42,505 123, 441 1, 513, 620 429, 733 2,010 37, 131 50,617 84, 700 1,495,888 20,284 62, 984 1, 714, 473 824,553 2,576 60,313 24, 057 67,653 867, 664 14, 587 92, 093 1, 066, 054 495, 694 1, 622 49, 408 6,699 25, 780 955, 127 20, 687 82, 810 1, 091, 103 250, 207 1,391 38, 167 37. 984 69, 651 1, 000, 152 12, 047 55, 759 1, 175, 593 540, 490 1,754 29,322 49,000 837, 172 9,600 38, 770 934, 542 380, 354 1,344 27,983 34.943 712, 065 4, 659 24,849 776, 516 246, 596 1, 051 70, 574 41,887 67, 388 1,118,390 45, 190 75,838 1, 348, 693 694, 893 2, 114 32, 914 10,063 90, 458 893, 234 6,796 63,300 1,063,851 406, 907 1, 504 32, 712 5,025 58,207 703, 532 8, 160 42,324 822, 248 302, 697 1, 158 72,420 75, 575 1, 351, 926 68, 615 149,094 1, 645, 210 778, 759 2,496 90,888 47,339 150,583 2, 147, 237 20, 912 158, 871 2, 524, 942 1, 091, 799 3,708 34, 834 17, 152 48, 937 940, 210 13, 015 101,301 1, 120. 615 365,039 1,520 88, 177 31,628 105, 657 1, 667, 052 66, 676 111,364 1, 982, 377 770, 121 2, 841 35,388 10, 827 20, 654 901, 247 14, 152 47,386 994, 266 362,302 1, 392 91,318 41, 426 159, 119 2, 096, 776 13, 703 148, 500 2, 459, 524 651, 625 3, 202 37,300 21, 274 69, 696 781, 413 6,984 58, 914 938, 281 193, 053 1, 169 54,018 20, 152 89,423 1,315, 363 6. 719 89, 586 1, 521, 243 458, 572 2,034 913, 503 439,040 1, 210, 513 19, 807, 800 607, 595 1,367,204 23, 432, 152 7, 462, 802 31, 809 49, 671 30,434 49. 874 920, 905 30,306 81.208 1, 112, 727 325, 106 1,488 41, 227 21. 718 97, 968 1, 069, 501 44, 555 71, 756 1,305,498 341,534 1,688 46, 964 33,000 42,445 958, 830 15.317 72, 547 1, 122, 139 457, 624 1,627 22, 975 15,833 47, 418 753, 712 17, 991 56,375 891,329 235,442 1, 150 57, 510 4,638 92, 565 1,355,456 44, 417 75, 577 1, 572, 653 531, 523 2,162 93, 145 42,260 120, 778 1, 638,030 60, 524 104, 641 1, 966, 233 716, 433 2,776 52,048 19,463 83, 026 1, 121, 579 9,333 83,994 1,317,395 429, 029 1.799 120, 293 54, 296 166, 101 2, 633, 630 111, 405 281, 701 3, 247, 133 983,876 4,351 44,935 6,766 49, 627 715, 725 21, 235 51,288 844,641 307,807 1, 197 34,443 29, 195 30, 465 1, 052, S29 26, 073 72,688 1, 211, 250 370,336 1, 616 68, 489 54, 326 89, 756 1, 960, 099 51. 809 127, 233 2, 283, 223 695, 872 3,048 40, 215 13, 738 60, 662 1, 224, 654 45, 684 53, 523 1, 398, 261 362,368 1, 801 38, 768 25,892 67, 127 988, 870 21, 800 68, 513 1, 172, 202 385, 870 1, 597 42,993 39, 850 59, 650 786, 875 11,355 36, 170 933, 900 299, 096 1, 276 91,362 19.805 76,306 1,307,880 53, 247 68,623 1, 525, 861 486, 930 2, 104 68,465 27.826 76, 745 1, 319, 225 42,544 61, 367 1, 527, 707 533, 956 2, 130 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 .70 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 27S 279 280 281 2£2 2?3 2S4 285 2>6 287 288 2-9 290 291 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP II.— CITIES OF 25,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day S CHOOLS Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught * Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SOUTH _ _ _ 156 248 944 3, 150 17, 169 599, 490 525, 742 178 Alabama _ 5 6 55 151 892 33, 379 29, 882 180 1 16 29 200 6, 744 6 070 176 Bessemer . .. . . ... 1 1 8 38 169 6, 195 5, 659 176 Gadsden . . . . 2 4 16 50 294 11, 600 10, 242 175 Tuscaloosa _ 1 1 15 34 229 8,840 7, 911 175 Arkansas... ... 10 8 48 127 791 32, 252 28, 016 173 Fort Smith . . . . . 5 3 9 38 264 9, 974 8, 728 173 Hot Springs _ .. _ _ 2 12 25 133 5, 978 5, 239 176 North Little Rock _ 2 5 15 37 222 9, 643 7, 957 172 Pine Bluff . . . . 1 12 27 172 6,657 6,092 174 Georhia . . 4 6 14 47 463 18, 245 15, 313 180 Athens . . . . 2 5 7 10 134 5,238 4,533 180 La Grange . 1 4 18 166 5,935 5,087 180 Rome . . . . 1 1 3 19 163 7, 072 5,693 180 Kentucky . . 15 17 74 193 1, 126 40, 231 33, 370 181 Ashland . . . 2 1 13 27 189 6, 773 5, 848 176 Covington _ 3 7 15 57 225 8, 365 6, 824 192 Lexington _ .. 3 2 15 30 237 8, 051 6, 414 176 Newport _ _ .. _ 1 3 11 17 119 4,292 3,415 192 Owensboro _ 3 2 10 26 165 5, 847 4, 946 175 Paducah _ 3 2 10 36 191 6, 903 5,923 177 Louisiana _ 2 3 18 66 280 10, 699 9,607 179 Lake Charles . . 1 2 9 23 119 4, 323 3,935 180 Monroe . . . . . 1 1 9 43 161 6, 376 5,672 179 Mississippi . . 15 23 88 261 1,427 54, 694 46, 395 179 Biloxi . . . . . 2 1 7 20 127 4, 442 4, 034 175 Greenville _ 1 2 10 28 174 6,830 5, 819 176 Hattiesburg . . . 2 5 12 17 144 5, 614 4, 705 175 Jackson _ _ 3 11 27 110 480 19, 711 16, 267 180 Laurel _ 1 2 10 19 136 5, 397 4, 535 180 Meridian. . . . . 5 2 17 54 258, 8,498 7, 390 180 Vicksburg . . 1 5 13 108 4,202 3, 645 180 North Carolina . 12 41 138 383 2, 536 86, 479 77, 236 180 Asheville . 2 6 10 16 269 8,624 7,703 180 Durham _ _ _ 1 4 22 68 369 12, 070 10, 950 180 Fayetteville. . . 1 1 12 32 181 6, 988 6, 191 180 Greensboro . 2 17 23 65 474 16, 125 13, 947 180 High Point . 1 3 14 32 252 8,684 7,707 180 Raleigh _ _ 2 5 20 60 348 11, 719 10, 473 180 Rocky Mount . . . 1 13 27 163 5, 666 5, 234 180 Winston-Salem . . . 2 "’*5 24 83 480 16,603 15, 031 180 Oklahoma . 10 6 55 168 744 30, 156 23, 899 177 Enid . . 3 1 11 36 211 6,998 5,732 175 Lawton . . . 3 1 16 45 231 10, 654 7, 964 177 Muskogee . . . 3 3 20 68 205 8,809 7, 262 177 Norman i° . . . 1 1 ■"31 — : 8 19 97 3,695 2,941 178 footnotes at the end of Group II of this table, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953—54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 8 Salaries and wages Other s Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $3, 074, 127 $1, 207, 736 $4, 650, 672 $68, 753, 609 $1, 292, 473 $3, 192, 096 $79,096,586 $18. 495, 477 $100, 666 99,163 23, 093 225, 520 2, 991, 467 38,810 97, 527 3,376,417 552, 525 4, 028 20, 493 18, 691 32, 773 27, 206 57, 208 39, 173 68, 853 60, 286 650, 838 627,328 971,324 741, 977 6,306 13, 114 27, 485 14, 999 30, 586 24, 457 741, 837 699, 741 1, 083, 856 850, 983 117,528 103, 863 187, 211 143,923 880 822 1,304 1, 022 5, 127 13, 093 4, 873 19,390 112, 744 31,828 189, 121 2, 537, 116 76, 151 102, 032 2, 936, 248 938, 382 3,987 33, 202 20. 820 30, 702 28, 020 14, 401 39, 049 47, 971 50, 625 51, 476 919, 571 500, 360 612, 975 504, 210 38, 646 7,616 20, 354 9, 535 40, 131 20, 063 35, 779 6,059 1, 051, 798 576, 010 737, 160 571, 280 261, 382 152, 198 402, 891 121,911 1,346 749 1,171 721 17, 427 69, 509 21, 372 63, 050 1, 574, 342 106, 592 1, 765, 356 899, 384 2,734 24,819 14, 013 30, 677 17, 737 33, 198 15, 600 14, 252 482, 143 559, 800 532, 399 95, 461 5, 242 5, 889 628. 539 580, 642 556, 175 388, 320 291, 375 219, 689 1,042 885 807 3,635 203, 949 69, 850 338, 509 4,449, 325 50, 652 149, 763 5, 058, 099 1, 065, 700 6,328 28, 684 38, 358 48, 975 26, 957 32, 293 28, 682 3, 850 28,600 9,800 12,000 9,200 6,400 52. 050 69, 140 78, 938 49, 649 47, 516 41, 216 608. 656 1, 084, 206 1, 045, 620 443, 442 575, 041 692, 360 8, 393 10, 579 15,827 4, 290 7,371 4, 192 13, 959 26, 318 37, 605 9,433 47. 302 15, 146 686, 908 1, 218, 843 1, 187, 790 518,814 686, 430 759, 314 135, 460 272, 170 227. 300 117,680 121, 789 191. 301 851 1, 529 1, 464 664 841 979 46, 490 16, 591 88, 919 1, 194, 982 7,410 37, 201 1, 345, 103 354, 152 1,746 23,256 23,234 10, 870 5,721 43, 919 45, 000 522, 532 672, 450 2,760 4, 650 16, 122 21, 079 596, 203 748, 900 216, 314 137,838 836 910 214, 220 101, 250 343, 728 4, 235, 001 85, 160 263, 070 5,028,209 1, 306, 311 6,549 21, 995 20, 735 22, 703 71,863 15, 555 43, 040 18, 329 4,066 7,400 15, 148 59,443 5,973 9, 220 26, 292 33, 140 38, 841 128, 320 37, 708 60, 088 19, 339 359, 425 483, 316 362, 125 1, 649, 467 381, 083 718, 869 280, 716 3,600 10, 400 7,483 56, 038 3,830 3,809 13, 104 36, 145 24, 339 83, 015 12, 869 75, 203 18, 395 406, 487 570, 401 447, 936 1, 976, 283 441, 463 867, 189 318, 450 134, 072 136, 952 137, 949 529, 870 70, 087 247,200 50, 181 563 728 609 2,578 527 1,157 387 327, 066 210, 478 789, 502 10, 588, 086 128, 138 320,339 12, 036, 543 2,811,486 15, 175 30. 915 51, 008 31,001 48, 558 29, 181 54.915 18, 152 63, 336 29, 042 18, 183 4, 750 83, 300 14, 467 28, 630 49, 404 120, 250 61, 670 153, 747 80, 542 112, 357 65, 618 145, 914 956, 446 1, 656, 304 753, 734 1, 900, 941 1, 073, 291 1, 426, 995 678, 658 2, 141, 717 14, 470 16, 255 7,500 41, 543 5,038 6, 950 6, 424 29,958 69,968 46, 570 21,296 57, 979 25, 399 51,129 17,283 30, 715 1, 119, 330 1, 857, 562 848, 950 2, 237, 510 1, 198, 737 1, 626, 061 767, 983 2, 380, 410 238, 713 489, 964 165, 133 523, 924 240, 704 357, 987 156, 814 638, 247 1,389 2,398 1,045 2,810 1,469 2,039 943 3,082 32,106 156, 710 27, 250 249, 150 3,062,686 28,255 89,658 3, 456, 999 727, 633 4,341 54, 454 39, 339 41,229 21,688 4,900 4,000 14, 150 4,200 49, 810 79, 340 87,100 32,900 784, 498 973, 494 963, 727 340, 967 9,155 5,600 12,000 1, 500 32,607 34, 688 18, 441 3,922 880, 970 1, 097, 122 1, 095, 418 383, 489 203,713 189, 245 234, 749 99, 926 1, 139 1, 326 1, 371 505 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 60 (BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II.— CITIES OF 25,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru Stc (posi Men ictional iff i tions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 339 South Carolina . 12 14 56 246 1,315 45, 083 39, 969 180 340 Charleston . . . 3 2 19 75 320 12, 196 10, 820 180 341 Columbia _ _ 5 6 20 115 684 22, 625 20, 156 180 342 Spartauburg . . . 4 6 17 56 311 10, 262 8, 993 180 342 Tennessee _ _ _ 5 5 33 138 564 19, 363 17, 052 177 343 Jackson . . . . 1 2 9 36 183 6,195 5,374 180 344 Johnson City _ _ _ 1 1 13 30 153 5,168 4,740 175 345 Oak Ridge _ 3 2 11 7 $ 228 8,000 6,938 177 346 Texas _ _ . 43 73 238 949 4,608 152, 231 136, 426 175 347 Abilene _ _ 3 6 19 76 311 10, 395 9,988 175 348 Amarillo..- . . . __ 5 8 26 117 538 16, 080 14,311 175 Beaumont: 349 Independent School Dis¬ 3 25 81 397 12, 551 11, 137 175 trict. 350 South Park District. . 6 3 10 53 214 6,343 5,769 175 351 Brownsville . ... . _ 2 4 11 49 254 9, 711 8, 556 173 352 Galveston . . . . 5 7 17 56 309 9,730 8, 431 180 353 Loredo _ _ _ 4 5 11 57 259 10, 120 8,983 176 354 Lubbock _ _ 3 9 27 108 476 15, 265 14, 336 176 355 Port Arthur . ._ 2 8 13 80 357 14, 191 12, 190 175 356 San Angelo . - . . __ 3 3 17 57 270 8,087 7,004 175 357 Temple _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 7 31 143 4,988 4,385 175 358 Tyler . . . . . 1 6 9 48 211 7, 662 6, 935 175 359 Waco _ _ 4 8 27 75 490 14, 119 13* 185 175 360 Wichita Falls . . . 1 3 19 61 379 12, 989 11, 216 175 361 Virginia . . . 23 46 127 421 2,423 76, 678 68, 577 180 362 Alexandria _ _ 1 3 14 42 353 10,865 9, 753 180 363 Charlottesville _ 2 2 6 24 152 4, 161 3, 877 180 364 Danville . . . 3 2 15 56 267 7, 894 7,613 180 365 Lynchburg. . . 3 8 15 43 280 8,856 7,944 181 366 Newport News _ _ 2 7 15 62 246 8, 565 7,406 180 367 Petersburg _ _ _ .. 4 13 51 199 6, 569 5 777 180 368 Portsmouth . . . 2 12 18 40 381 13,’ 689 ll| 919 180 369 Roanoke _ _ 6 12 31 103 545 16, 079 14, 288 180 370 WEST . . . . . 249 362 1,051 6,431 15, 135 629, 285 543, 435 178 Arizona 371 Tucson . . . . . 6 10 40 269 602 26, 030 21, 336 172 372 California _ 152 230 596 4, 025 8, 693 360, 402 316, 321 178 373 Alameda... . . . ... 9 7 15 102 290 11,115 10, 656 175 374 Alhambra _ _ 2 10 16 130 297 11,385 10,008 177 375 Bakersfield 9 _ 8 9 24 87 468 16, 704 15, 237 175 376 Beverly Hills _ 5 5 9 28 112 3, 649 3, 510 176 377 Burbank . . 7 6 20 178 416 16,311 13, 631 178 Compton: 378 Elementary District _ 7 7 17 40 305 12, 143 10, 310 175 379 High-School District _ 4 1 15 135 133 9, 484 7, 242 178 380 Fresno. . . . . . 7 21 40 322 673 27, 334 26, 645 176 381 Glendale. _ _ _ _ 4 14 38 223 495 19, 293 16, 399 178 Inglewood: 382 Elementary District . 2 2 19 37 162 5, 539 4,708 175 383 High-School District _ 3 3 12 119 109 5,463 4,644 175 See footnotes at the end of Group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Fuli^Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Adminis- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other 3 structional (in thou¬ Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure sands) 6 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 n 13 14 15 16 17 18 $150, 480 $64,524 $284, 231 $5, 225, 414 $112, 606 $271,979 $5, 958, 754 $1, 184, 979 $7, 294 339 61,700 8,400 78, 150 1,376,180 21,600 110, 663 1, 594, 993 240, 898 1,897 340 52, 384 31, 072 118, 344 2, 716, 401 61, 172 101, 699 3, 028, 688 655, 895 3, 737 341 36, 396 25, 052 87, 737 1, 132, 833 29,834 59, 617 1, 335, 073 288, 186 1,660 342 117, 881 24,628 167, 452 2, 495, 667 92,040 175, 694 2, 955, 481 833, 133 3, 907 342 18, 254 8,354 37, 961 570, 785 9, 346 45, 817 672, 263 85, 479 776 343 17, 174 4, 800 62, 069 628, 531 9,070 61,062 765, 532 106,200 889 344 82, 453 11, 474 67, 422 1, 296, 351 73, 624 68, 815 1, 517, 686 641, 454 2,242 345 1, 261, 942 389, 144 1, 288, 114 20, 609, 352 402,086 978,468 23, 667, 164 5, 220, 796 30, 150 346 55, 209 31,393 96, 675 1, 319, 126 21,064 56, 625 1, 524, 883 273, 875 1, 854 347 141, 265 43, 865 147, 158 2, 537, 535 66,342 95, 351 2, 890, 251 733, 701 3,765 348 178, 670 135, 918 1, 844, 713 43, 368 88, 143 2, 112, 142 402, 809 2,694 349 71, 742 16,500 60,000 1,090, 054 44, 916 1, 211, 470 406, 930 1,690 350 67, 702 14, 856 41,798 914, 723 32, 262 1, 003, 639 185, 428 1, 257 351 107, 075 38,250 97, 243 1, 291, 807 33, 230 51, 308 1, 511, 838 454, 443 2, 073 352 71,200 25,400 53, 200 960, 430 23, 000 103, 500 1, 165, 530 284, 930 1,522 353 88. 323 47, 579 152, 662 2, 249, 876 32, 440 139, 436 2, 621, 993 660, 275 3, 370 3.54 117, 636 47, 149 76, 150 1, 971. 033 57, 100 70, 291 2, 221, 723 476, 377 2, 816 355 57, 399 15, 315 80, 661 1, 080, 085 22, 375 53. 697 1, 252, 133 263, 147 1,573 356 31, 107 12, 020 34, 378 623, 695 10, 542 26, 114 706, 749 141,327 879 357 51, 004 35, 129 50,033 1, 064, 826 41,647 61, 186 1, 252, 821 244, 546 1,548 358 147, 070 43. 012 147, 821 2, 107, 834 35, 290 70,546 2, 404, 503 438, 955 2, 991 359 76, 540 18, 676 114, 417 1, 553, 615 15, 688 85,093 1, 787, 489 254, 053 2,118 360 313, 973 227, 728 623, 376 9, 790, 171 271, 165 599, 773 11, 512, 213 2, 600, 996 14,427 361 53, 797 16,000 72,864 1, 850, 256 58, 685 28, 829 2, 026, 634 419, 533 2,500 362 18, 023 9, 465 26, 654 486, 265 9,848 40, 509 572, 741 86, 180 677 363 29, 192 9, 440 65, 300 997, 095 23, 151 38, 540 1, 133, 526 212, 975 1,376 364 34, 873 32, 209 70, 459 1, 027. 606 24, 210 47, 764 1, 202, 248 385, 424 1,622 365 27, 321 35, 611 74, 450 1,056,033 27, 483 42, 776 1, 236, 353 256, 372 1,520 366 25, 982 60,661 759, 507 25, 272 34, 829 880, 269 226, 208 1, 132 367 33, 959 54, 370 100,602 1, 418, 994 35, 355 92, 639 1,701.960 358, 082 2, 094 368 90, 826 70, 633 152, 386 2, 194, 415 67, 161 273, 887 2, 758, 482 656, 222 3,506 369 6,030,541 2,266,307 7, 137, 666 99, 867, 328 4, 308, 744 7, 500, 751 121, 080, 796 35,874,344 162, 986 370 237, 077 50,271 238, 433 3, 723, 102 117, 742 227, 127 4, 356,675 934, 892 5,529 371 4, 372, 181 1, 540, 234 4, 494, 728 63, 498, 215 3, 471, 024 5, 382, 342 78, 386, 543 24,117,965 106, 877 372 147, 624 46, 255 105, 201 1, 949, 638 57, 818 131, 826 2, 290, 738 718, 608 3, 157 373 167, 462 67, 227 137, 377 2, 437, 709 178, 298 102, 302 2, 922, 913 788, 369 3, 879 374 161, 160 56,483 157, 044 2, 412, 404 119, 757 138, 755 2, 884, 443 749, 424 3,795 376 183, 925 31,000 67,500 728, 000 70, 000 184, 774 1, 081, 274 408, 260 1,674 376 155, 841 47, 472 168, 140 2, 935, 709 144, 291 211,266 3, 506, 878 902, 664 4, 565 377 114, 244 48, 143 130, 394 1, 548, 094 74, 470 97, 458 1,898, 559 592, 597 2, 605 378 169, 442 7,000 118, 750 1, 392, 498 105, 974 127, 631 1,751,853 769, 795 2,691 379 195, 408 127, 300 291,000 4, 811,926 216, 421 236, 655 5, 683, 302 1,632, 335 7,511 380 262, 018 87,000 250, 000 3, 895, 092 202, 500 215, 855 4, 650, 447 1, 183, 586 6, 096 381 81, 793 11,900 113, 542 977, 186 54, 078 47, 228 1, 203, 934 321, 676 1, 6071382 101,091 21,000 92,000 1, 231, 221 1 114,000 218, 250 1, 676, 471 648,660 2, 4261383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II —CITIES OF 25,000 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lynwood - - 4 3 11 76 152 7, 502 6,261 176 Palo Alto - - 5 6 23 128 242 8, 160 6,686 178 Pomona _ _ _ Redondo Beach- 4 7 15 106 173 8, 499 7,649 177 Elementary District _ 2 8 47 178 6, 493 3,267 5,519 3,038 178 High-School District . Redwood City: 1 10 3 67 67 176 Elementary District _ 8 9 16 78 237 8, 423 7,085 178 High-School District- . . 4 9 3 144 87 4,390 4, 225 175 Richmond . . . — 13 27 31 401 764 31, 145 28, 647 181 Riverside 9..- . . . 3 8 21 141 349 14,244 12, 541 177 San Bernardino . 3 9 45 261 442 21,447 19, 563 175 San Jose 6 - - - 4 7 33 205 432 17, 931 15, C84 178 San Leandro . . 7 6 11 102 168 8,079 7, 609 175 San Mateo 6 _ 2 4 16 53 212 7, 561 7, 322 180 Santa Ana 8 . . . . . 8 2 25 124 268 12, 354 10,184 177 Santa Barbara 8 . . 3 7 21 108 243 8, 857 8,117 176 Santa Monica 8 . . 18 6 22 174 293 12,097 10, 753 179 Stockton 8 . . . 3 16 44 294 552 24, 405 18, 949 176 Vallejo . . . . . 2 9 23 115 374 17, 128 14,099 175 Colorado . . 10 20 48 252 724 29, 620 26, 022 180 Colorado Springs. _ _ 3 15 22 104 276 10,990 10, 312 180 Pueblo . . . 7 5 26 148 448 18, 630 15, 710 180 Idaho . . . . 9 6 35 152 488 21, 514 18, 941 174 Boise . . . . 6 5 23 104 300 13, 102 11, 327 176 Pocatello . . . 3 1 12 48 188 8,412 7, 614 172 Montaka . . . . 8 4 50 188 681 24, 497 21, 446 180 Billings . . . . 2 1 17 76 243 8,696 7,858 180 Butte. _ _ 2 19 56 191 6, 726 9,075 5, 908 7, 680 180 Great Falls . . 4 3 14 56 247 180 Nevada . . 7 12 33 155 451 18, 838 14,880 176 Las Vegas.. . . . . . 5 5 17 85 285 11,241 8,708 174 Reno . . 2 7 16 70 166 7, 597 6,172 179 New Mexico _ 10 24 73 377 1, 170 48, 585 40, 826 180 Albuquerque . . . 7 12 51 278 833 34,961 29, 897 180 Roswell _ _ _ 1 3 10 44 191 7, 180 5, 557 180 Sante Fe . . . . 2 9 12 55 146 6,444 5, 372 180 Oregon - 5 15 48 201 540 20, 478 17, 633 179 Eugene . . . 3 7 27 103 267 10, 592 8, 796 184 Salem . . . . 2 8 21 98 273 9, 886 8,837 174 Utah . . 7 6 35 218 438 20,830 18, 769 174 Ogden . . . . 5 5 25 142 321 14, 780 13, 205 174 Provo . . . . . . 2 1 10 76 117 6,050 5, 564 175 footnotes at the'end of Group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 63 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 8 Salaries and wages Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $51, 940 $16, 208 $76, 592 $1, 050, 229 $59, 756 $102, 928 $1, 305, 713 $436, 193 $1,794 384 79, 779 47, 636 177, 030 1, 529, 953 119, 419 166, 425 2, 040, 463 592, 458 2, 713 385 216, 240 36, 000 97, 500 1, 171, 800 64,000 206, 295 1, 575, 595 405, 241 2, 197 386 55. 369 49, 360 951,896 27, 478 51, 060 1,079,794 260, 629 1,396 387 132, 043 61, 962 23, 411 677, 700 32,000 76,400 871, 473 346, 582 1,350 388 56.024 60,100 106, 463 1,266, 486 48, 614 129, 273 1,610,936 359, 788 2,027 389 45,160 56, 898 25, 050 1, 138, 200 94, 010 129, 408 1, 443, 566 511, 649 2,000 390 284, 393 176, 337 210, 454 6. 043, 662 187, 055 318, 518 6, 936, 026 2, 139. 545 9, 360 39* 115.179 47. 808 130, 200 2, 444, 133 97, 207 215, 720 2, 935, 068 720, 701 3, 771 392 253, 676 76, 342 323, 211 3, 495, 231 251, 609 319, 225 4, 465. 618 1, 744. 013 6,463 393 207, 664 62, 818 408, 765 3, 585, 285 197, 182 341, 275 4, 595, 325 1,572, 016 6, 375 394 96. 520 32, 250 77, 340 1, 333, 453 75,188 108, 991 1, 627, 222 465, 874 2,190 395 52, 377 35, 771 125, 199 1, 295. 214 34, 281 93, 058 1, 583, 523 406, 329 2, 042 396 112, 456 15,375 239, 064 1, 898, 883 160.206 167, 803 2, 481, 331 776, 730 3,371 397 225, 750 50, 400 142,800 1, 755. 000 80,000 190, 496 2, 218,696 642, 677 3, 087 398 195, 450 41,586 158,061 2, 739, 569 184, 505 271, 078 3, 394, 799 1, 264, 999 4, 855 399 292, 350 104, 600 308, 715 4, 230. 313 288. 510 566, 618 5, 498, 756 1,695, 398 7, 487 100 159, 803 67. 363 184, 565 2, 571, 731 132.397 215, 771 3, 171. 827 1,061,169 4,393 401 211, 167 102,934 278, 420 3, 753, 268 142, 519 308, 939 4, 586, 080 1,476,951 6, 274 402 100. 138 83, 400 132. 701 1,571,239 63.330 132, 084 1,982. 754 507, 555 2,590 103 111,029 19, 534 145, 719 2,182, 029 79, 189 176, 855 2, 603, 326 969, 396 3,684 104 113, 724 29, 987 166, 524 2, 205, 618 21, 919 151, 476 2, 575, 524 999, 199 3,688 405 80. 483 24,047 113, 615 1, 448, 877 17,241 107,912 1, 711. 692 657, 336 2,449 406 33,241 5, 940 52, 909 756, 741 4, 678 43, 564 863, 832 341, 863 1,239 107 121, 399 25, 762 307, 865 3, 329, 122 16, 345 186, 568 3, 865, 662 916, 488 4,904 108 43,334 5, 700 110, 882 1, 221, 097 94, 273 1, 431. 952 420. 333 1,896 409 45, 671 104, 975 1, 002, 385 58, 904 1,166,264 396, 021 1,608 410 32, 394 20. 062 92, 008 1, 105, 640 16, 345 33, 391 1, 267. 446 100, 134 1,400 411 119, 776 61, 085 198,375 2, 576, 815 36,230 206, 767 3, 079, 272 701, 294 3,900 412 68, 710 22. 800 100, 455 1, 557, 550 21, 830 113,962 1, 816, 597 349, 545 2,235 413 51, 066 38, 285 97, 920 1, 019, 265 14, 400 92,805 1, 262, 675 351, 749 1,665 414 227, 988 146, 329 439, 470 6, 613, 327 86, 566 167, 481 7, 453, 173 1,272, 339 8, 954 415 146.318 88,136 326, 670 4, 969, 151 74, 286 133, 186 5, 591, 429 ' 962, 932 6,701 416 38, 727 15,500 49, 800 823, 174 13, 533 902, 007 128, 752 1, 07C 417 42, 943 42, 693 63, 000 821, 002 12, 280 i 20, 762 ! 959, 737 180, 655 1, 182 418 141, 205 82. 325 292, 956 3, 229,126 100, 017 206, 384 ■ 3, 910, 808 ; 1, 213, 43? 5. 26! 419 75, 624 44, 685 155, 355 i 1, 639, 252 57,115 i 135, 941 2, 032, 34? 1 659, 93S 2, 78? 5 420 65. 581 37. 64C i 137, 601 1, 589, 874 42, 902 ! 70,443 ! 1,878,460 i 553, 49C 2, 491 r 421 109, 47C 1 30.83C 1 183, 745 i 2, 476, 974 i 47, 521 ’ 106, 863 i 2^845, 93? ! 901, 34? S 37857 r 422 72, 42£ 1 26. 03C 1 132, 145 > 1, 763, 211 28, 681 64, 895 1 2,014,96£ i 607, 75? 1 2, 69! 5 423 37, 041 4, 80C 1 51, 60( ) 713, 763 :==== t 18, 84C > 41, 97C ) 830, 972 1 293, 59C ) 1, 161 l 424 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II— CITIES OF 26,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 3 4 * 6 7 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 425 Washington . 33 30 76 532 1,120 49, 706 39, 825 180 426 Bellingham . . . . 7 4 14 62 168 6,880 6, 028 178 427 Bremerton 8 . . . 5 5 17 91 232 9,604 7,811 180 428 Everett 8 . . 9 5 14 121 238 10, 766 8,947 180 429 Vancouver8 . - . 10 9 16 135 265 ! 12, 396 9, 265 i 180 430 Yakima 8 . . . 2 7 15 123 217 10,060 7, 774 180 Wyoming 431 Cheyenne . . . 2 5 17 62 228 8, 785 7, 436 i 181 1 Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychology work, etc., provided that half or more than half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. 2 The actual number of days in the school year that instruction was provided. 3 Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where textbooks or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any furnished to pupils gratis is classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of School Plant, (2) Maintenance of School Plant, (3) Auxiliary School Services, and (4) Fixed Charges. * Rounded total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17. Sum of parts may not necessarily agree with totals. 6 Elementary school data only. 7 Auburn Commercial College included. 8 City junior college data included. • Including salaries of librarians. »• Data for 1951-52 used in lieu of 1953-64 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (in thou¬ sands) 6 Salaries and wages Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $325, 091 $172, 542 $458, 745 $7, 382, 094 $238, 617 $480, 759 $8, 732, 757 $3, 023, 182 $12, 081 425 38,808 112,500 53, 031 83, 391 37, 361 21, 674 32, 599 30. 671 54,478 33,120 74.392 101, 162 90,420 106, 168 86,603 998,192 1, 533, 823 1, 667, 741 1, 730, 855 1, 451, 483 21, 147 65, 372 34, 753 87,344 30, 001 62, 515 101, 520 107, 037 159, 394 50,293 1, 177, 920 1, 834, 476 1, 930, 622 2, 138, 239 1, 651, 500 371, 343 624, 502 679, 387 810, 571 537,379 1,588 2,572 2,663 3,032 2,226 426 427 428 429 430 51,463 24, 008 78,405 1,079,667 30,244 76, 040 1, 288, 364 317, 248 1, 657j431 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3 .—Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught* assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States. 1, 250 1, 573 4,473 26, 101 72, 009 2, 709, 674 |a, 392, 575 179 NORTHEAST... . 347 655 1, 169 7, 753 21,225 748, 419 668, 291 180 Connecticut . . 11 24 57 209 729 26, 178 23,068 180 Ansonia _ _ _ 1 3 7 23 78 2,565 2,327 181 Danbury _ _ 1 4 8 39 129 4,545 3, 942 182 Danielson (Killinglytown)... 1 2 18 43 1,684 1,452 180 Derby . . . 1 3 4 9 38 1,230 1,091 180 Naugatuck. . . 1 3 7 17 86 2, 836 2,530 1,955 2,045 180 Shelton _ 1 6 7 66 2,195 2, 258 180 Stonington _ 1 2 5 17 60 180 Vernon _ _ _ 2 5 5 24 53 2,325 1,962 180 Wallingford . . . 1 4 8 25 97 3,535 3, 166 180 Willimantic _ 1 5 30 79 3, 005 2, 598 180 Maine . . 9 9 37 204 676 23, 826 21, 703 182 Auburn 1 6 33 123 4, 195 3, 061 3, 892 2, 840 181 Augusta _ _ 4 3 24 87 181 Bath _ _ _ _ 1 1 3 20 63 2, 750 2,567 180 Biddeford 1 6 5 40 1,173 1, 394 1,939 4, 831 976 183 Saco • _ _ _ 1 1 7 42 1,287 1,789 4,123 182 Sanford _ 1 1 27 54 181 South Portland _ 1 3 9 42 131 184 Waterville _ 1 7 22 83 2, 308 2, 175 2, 181 2,048 180 Westbrook . . . . 1 1 1 24 53 184 Massachusetts - 69 225 245 1,208 3,796 131,490 118, 453 177 Athol _ 1 8 7 14 53 2,291 2, 121 177 Attleboro _ 1 4 8 31 114 4, 047 3,523 180 Barnstable _ _ 2 7 4 19 66 2, 273 2,020 176 Danvers. _ _ 2 5 6 20 71 2,545 2. 365 181 Dedham _ _ 1 6 8 38 106 3,321 3,009 171 East.hampt.nn _ 1 2 11 40 1,282 2,166 1, 171 180 Fairhaven _ 1 4 6 16 61 1, 968 178 Gardner _ _ _ 1 4 2 27 63 2, 084 1,939 179 Greenfield. _ 2 2 39 76 2,899 2,201 2, 572 1,947 177 Marlborough _ _ 1 3 5 18 62 174 Methuen _ _ 1 8 7 21 104 3, 538 3, 154 175 North Attleboro. . . 1 5 2 17 46 1,684 1,502 173 Saugus.. . . . . 2 5 3 31 87 3,546 3, 308 178 Southbridge _ 1 5 24 61 2,092 2, 266 1,860 2, 108 180 Stoneham _ _ _ 1 3 2 21 62 178 Webster. _ . 2 2 21 38 1,331 4, 109 1,228 178 Wellesley _ 1 4 8 39 130 3,660 174 West Springfield _ _ 2 7 9 34 113 3, 585 3,159 179 Winchester _ 1 8 6 25 103 3, 436 3, 080 180 Winthrop... . . . 1 9 6 27 93 2,952 2, 635 177 Other cities _ 35 133 145 715 2,247 77, 842 70, 124 177 New Hampshire _ 9 7 19 179 483 16, 481 14, 609 178 Berlin _ _ 1 1 17 38 1,068 2,212 2, 199 953 180 Claremont _ 1 1 22 62 2,050 1,960 178 Dover _ 1 2 2 28 62 177 Keene ... _ 2 4 2 42 94 3,123 2,682 177 Laconia . . . . . 1 1 2 27 61 2, 175 1,904 174 Portsmouth _ 2 10 23 112 3,667 2,037 3,284 1, 776 180 Rochester . 1 1 20 54 177 at end of Group in of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 for public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 TO 24,999 POPULATION Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction | Total Salaries and wages Four six Adminis- major major tration Total in¬ accounts 4 current Teachers Other 3 structional accounts Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure (actual visors pals instructional dollars) 4 staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $23,998,944j$7, 925,975 $24,436,396 $384, 644, 119 $8, 244, 405 '$28,805,349 $454, 056, 244 $143,325,589 $621,380,777 1 6, 966, 263 3, 244, 017 6, 763, 154 116, 590, 625 2, 331, 491 8, 901, 232 137,830,519 47, 191, 683 191,988,465 2 150, 919 104, 431 298, 995 3, 700, 874 50,366 235, 556 4,390,222 1, 406, 012 5, 947, 153 3 14,815 13, 300 42, 630 430, 567 6,625 22,693 515,815 139, 244 669, 874 4 23,665 18, 476 44, 000 659, 096 5,842 42,016 769, 430 229, 498 1, 022, 593 5 9, 774 9,785 219, 471 4,580 15,154 248, 990 101, 380 360,144 6 10, 298 17, 800 23, 950 190, 769 2,308 9, 402 244,229 65, 952 320, 479 7 19, 887 14, 400 38,784 402, 949 2,331 21, 918 480, 382 174, 590 674, 859 8 11,544 30, 865 297. 156 5,010 14, 930 347, 961 112, 168 471, 673 9 10, 744 9,250 23,600 328, 437 2,200 17, 249 380, 736 150, 102 541, 582 10 15,287 16,900 24,696 322,066 5,400 22,168 391, 230 94, 702 501, 219 11 17, 261 14, 305 44, 802 491, 840 5,539 38, 547 595,033 207, 185 819, 479 12 17,644 15,883 358, 523 10, 531 31, 479 416, 416 131, 191 565, 251 13 80, 171 40,757 157, 340 2, 657, 631 41, 570 201, 433 3, 098, 731 938, 041 4, 116, 943 14 11, 297 21, 410 426, 761 7,912 23,066 479, 149 148, 596 639,042 15 14, 501 18, 541 13,487 387,000 5,071 43, 274 467,373 116, 284 598,158 16 11,200 4,000 13,500 281,891 3,500 31, 031 333, 922 91,600 436, 722 17 9,635 18, 192 97. 066 945 2,702 118, 905 88,174 216, 714 18 3,365 3, 850 123, 283 9,753 136, 886 69, 891 210, 142 19 8, 357 5,450 287, 444 8,630 23,755 325, 279 110, 736 444, 372 20 9,500 14, 116 43,485 507, 159 10, 518 13, 745 589, 023 136, 738 735, 261 21 5, 500 32,700 300,039 4,000 16,744 353, 483 100,524 459, 507 22 6,816 4, 100 5, 266 246,988 994 37,363 294,711 75, 498 377, 025 23 787, 387 1, 023, 238 1, 298, 169 18, 657, 348 302,409 1,424,693 22,705,857 6, 457, 795 29,951,039 24 11, 514 30, 150 30,050 216,800 23,013 300, 013 84, 770 396,297 25 17, 375 13, 919 38, 906 512, 390 6,399 41, 781 613, 395 334, 550 965, 320 26 12, 483 28,900 17,800 303, 421 33, 036 383, 157 137, 640 533, 280 27 10, 908 18, 000 31, 785 352, 448 5,940 21, 759 429, 932 147, 548 588, 388 28 15, 420 27,480 46. 782 489, 164 3,840 45,347 612, 613 170, 169 798. 202 29 10,281 8,600 180, 285 3,185 9, 149 201, 219 78, 662 290, 162 30 10, 317 13, 776 27, 069 270, 266 2,100 20, 692 333, 903 98, 892 443, 112 31 15, 504 19,360 14, 117 341,816 4,700 21,076 401, 069 105. 732 522, 305 32 14, 287 10, 310 439, 765 9, 291 42, 749 502, 115 125, 032 641, 434 33 13, 792 14, 150 24, 350 275,901 5, 675 23,316 343, 392 75, 677 432, 861 34 18, 937 35, 065 47, 192 417,880 4,940 12,801 517, 878 160, 543 697,358 35 12, 271 15, 025 9,804 219,508 1,416 3,634 249, 387 123,589 385,247 36 16,281 22, 475 14, 088 462, 092 3,368 12, 607 514, 630 103, 620 634, 531 37 14, 567 25,000 274, 966 2.600 29, 0C4 331, 570 80,328 426, 465 38 17, 498 19, 656 11,300 307, 872 5, 755 25,844 370, 427 74, 340 462, 265 39 10, 795 8, 610 8, 970 210, 427 8,111 14, 015 250, 133 77, 326 338,254 40 30, 515 23, 873 48,200 784, 822 12,634 57, 173 926, 702 230, 903 1, 188. 120 41 27, 884 44, 815 48,088 564, 576 7,601 45, 075 710, 155 199, 619 937, 658. 42 25. 261 42,280 36, 972 525, 649 22,275 61, 312 688,488 114, 169 827, 918 43 15,364 39, 947 30, 270 462, 151 13, 553 37,892 583, 813 111,672 710, 849 44 466, 133 605, 757 768, 516 11, 045, 149 179. 026 843, 418 13, 441, 866 3,823, 014 17, 731, 013 45 142. 457 29,200 91. 555 2, 312, 309 37,997 171, 317 2,642,378 981, 653 3, 766, 488 46 17, 184 5,530 205, 324 5, 855 13, 651 230,360 110, 247 357, 791 47 15,738 5,600 300. 611 2,065 15,617 323,893 116,727 456, 358 48 20. 540 9,300 10,000 283, 229 3,746 28, 616 334, 891 131,639 487, 070 49 29,228 15,200 10, 30C 449, 880 11. 496 41, 697 528, 573 220,763 778, 564 50 20, 853 4,700 11,200 321,288 3,965 29,621 370, 774 113,504 505, 131 51 21, 948 43, 325 484, 784 9, 070 27,320 564, 499 181,800 768, 247 52 16, 966 5,600 267, 193 1,800 14, 795 289,388 106, 973 413, 327 53 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III —CITIES OF 10,000 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) attend¬ ance ‘ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 54 New Jersey . .. 69 96 227 1,537 4, 429 156, 341 135, 867 181 55 Asbury Park . . 1 2 3 32 88 3, 210 2,697 182 56 Bergenfield _ _ 1 5 7 31 112 3, 918 4, 514 3, 412 3, 903 2,274 3, 231 180 57 Bridgeton . . ... 1 41 129 180 58 Burlington _ _ . _ 1 5 23 82 2,593 3, 689 180 59 Cranford . . ... .. 1 2 3 43 98 183 60 Dumont _ . _ 1 4 36 66 2,591 3,994 2,263 3, 484 180 61 Englewood . . 1 8 7 28 120 180 62 Fair Lawn _ _ 5 4 9 62 161 5,432 4,780 182 63 Fort Lee _ _ _ 1 1 18 63 1, 677 2,335 1,429 1, 945 180 64 Gloucester City . . . 1 1 2 24 53 180 65 Haddonfield _ 1 3 36 62 2,740 1,343 2,436 1,122 181 66 Harrison. . . . _ 4 5 3 15 56 186 67 Long Branch . . 1 1 10 31 116 4,305 3,647 181 68 Madison. _ _ _ 1 1 1 21 71 2, 077 1, 818 183 69 Morristown . . . . _ 1 1 7 50 83 3, 159 2,733 180 70 Pennsauken . 1 2 2 12 91 3, 608 3, 181 180 71 Phillipsburg _ 1 2 1 31 93 3, 334 2,970 180 72 Pleasantville. _ 1 6 27 84 3, 197 2, 555 2, 670 2, 081 180 73 Red Bank _ 1 5 4 27 72 182 74 Ridgefield Park . 1 4 20 64 1, 915 4,825 1, 690 180 75 Ridgewood _ _ 3 7 7 46 149 4, 302 182 76 Sayre ville . .. ... _ 1 4 19 53 2, 062 2, 246 1, 825 1,994 3, 023 180 77 South River . . 1 4 24 58 180 78 Summit _ _ 2 3 7 39 92 3, 437 182 79 Westfield _ _ 1 5 7 48 143 4, 978 4,382 180 80 Other cities _ 34 47 111 753 2,170 76, 607 66, 575 81 New York. . . 81 164 264 1,749 5,046 166, 944 146, 742 180 82 Ballaston Spa _ ... 1 1 2 11 49 1,789 1,588 182 83 Beacon . . . . . . Coming: 1 4 3 14 60 1,900 1, 689 178 84 District 9 _ _ 4 2 4 16 49 1, 511 1, 334 180 85 District 13. _ _ 1 2 25 58 2, 421 2, 121 180 86 Cortland . . ... . .. 1 5 7 26 99 3, 342 2. 954 184 87 Endicott . _ Floral Park: 2 10 9 51 194 5,609 5, 083 183 88 Elementary District . 1 2 13 65 1,922 4, 269 1, 671 3, 768 182 89 Central High District 2. _ 3 13 3 145 83 171 90 Freeport _ _ _ _ 3 5 6 45 141 4, 808 4, 129 177 91 Glen Cove . . 1 2 3 30 83 2, 939 2,538 181 92 Homell _ _ _ 1 2 6 17 101 2,916 2,573 181 93 Johnstown . . . 1 3 2 15 68 2,206 1,989 181 94 Kenmore _ _ _ _ 4 21 11 93 334 12, 700 10, 912 184 95 Lynbrook _ _ 1 1 5 30 116 2,986 2,630 180 96 Mamaroneck . . . 3 4 6 47 134 3, 987 3, 685 183 97 Middletown . . . . 1 6 7 38 109 4,111 3, 543 180 98 Mineola. . 3 3 6 51 132 4, 279 3, 722 179 99 Newark _ _ _ 1 1 4 23 58 2,079 1,865 180 100 Olean _ 1 11 40 137 4, 134 2,482 4, 263 3, 670 2,037 3,766 180 101 Plattsburgh.. _ _ 1 4 20 63 180 102 Port Chester. . . 1 5 7 39 133 182 103 Rensselaer _ _ 2 4 9 65 1,815 1,635 3,501 2, 922 2, 713 183 104 Rockville Centre.. _ _ . 1 8 37 131 4, 066 3, 156 3, 055 177 105 Scarsdale . . 2 9 65 118 179 106 Tonawanda _ _ 2 1 6 33 93 1 177 107 Watervliet . . 1 6 15 62 i 1,739 1,497! 67, 207 179 108 Other cities . 37 75 121 801 1 2,311 76, 460 180 See footnotes at end of Group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total Admin is- Salaries and wages Four major six major current tration Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure accounts 4 accounts (actual dollars) * 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $1, 548, 025 $495, 727 $1, 370, 184 $24, 287, 892 $658, 500 $2, 037, 704 $28, 850, 007 $8, 855, 708 $39,253,740 35, 406 9, 145 16,264 460, 814 9, 450 22, 714 518, 387 200, 889 754, 682 24, 296 29, 850 548, 069 3,697 50,700 632, 316 174, 970 831, 582 30, 990 47, 695 622, 536 5, 490 42, 065 717, 786 154, 215 902, 991 25, 607 36, 600 427, 700 5, 772 38, 753 508, 825 157, 238 691, 670 34, 583 14, 150 26, 150 613, 263 14, 967 38, 195 706, 725 156, 721 898. 029 14, 357 22, 950 383, 837 10, 005 52, 758 469, 550 132, 912 616, 819 45. 565 32, 550 46, 200 704. 499 20, 218 43, 663 847, 130 250, 451 1, 143, 146 72, 093 19, 180 47, 475 833, 469 35, 279 83, 990 1,019, 393 444, 730 1, 536. 216 21, 013 5,500 279, 243 4,440 30, 568 319, 751 138, 968 479, 732 21, 955 4, 800 9, 350 268, 370 2, 225 15, 441 300, 186 117, 444 439, 585 21, 199 16, 400 371, 069 6, 305 35, 706 429, 480 122, 755 573, 434 46, 898 27,000 17, 148 327, 063 7,284 24, 437 402, 932 145. 346 595, 176 33, 073 6,391 62, 478 717, 762 15, 596 43, 027 845, 254 232, 361 1, 110. 688 32, 378 6, 700 7, 300 398, 709 16, 499 30, 926 460, 134 135, 522 628, 034 30. 948 5,700 42, 400 632, 961 23, 490 60, 360 764, 911 235, 700 1, 031, 559 36, 854 9, 000 9,000 337, 519 6, 600 18, 200 380, 319 132, 829 550, 002 30, 762 10,200 6, 182 443, 372 4, 300 36, 723 500, 777 137, 462 669. 001 27, 847 25, 900 365, 642 6, 405 34, 383 432, 330 149, 890 610, 067 26, 675 26, 099 24,500 402, 991 18, 579 32, 585 504, 754 82, 543 613, 972 23, 792 21, 052 336, 667 10, 408 20, 752 388, 879 146, 324 558, 995 41, 618 35, 606 38, 500 874, 638 33, 176 90, 345 1, 072, 265 359, 365 1, 473, 248 30, 954 15, 655 18. 850 20. 000 181, 115 331, 186 4,737 22. 274 20, 606 222, 239 376, 529 158, 702 87, 393 411,895 479. 577 40.883 18,600 52, 900 622, 073 27, 432 50, 481 771, 486 180, 422 992, 791 24, 092 27,700 48, 150 902, 260 43, 481 99, 577 1, 121, 168 281, 260 1, 426, 520 758. 532 242, 906 671, 390 11,901,065 322, 665 998, 475 14, 136, 501 4,339,296 19, 234, 329 1, 768, 686 952, 638 1, 770, 123 31, 663. 587 705, 973 2, 096, 450 37, 188, 771 14, 670, 325 53, 627, 782 22. 181 4.200 16,600 230, 880 13,063 264, 743 101, 425 388, 349 23, 773 17, 160 18, 450 313, 598 13,060 20, 252 382, 520 121, 343 527, 636 23,746 9, 650 22, 000 246, 095 1, 904 31, 009 310, 658 98, 169 432, 573 25, 881 12, 800 329, 369 8, 470 19, 004 369, 643 130, 892 526, 416 23,445 23. 615 35, 413 513, 418 11, 164 35, 867 619, 477 1, 240, 633 255, 347 898. 269 41, 601 55, 244 45, 475 1, 032, 075 29, 120 78, 719 431, 420 1, 713, 654 30, 891 14, 050 399, 700 10,760 25, 937 450, 447 256, 491 737, 829 61, 555 76, 934 23,700 1, 216, 694 7,500 75, 278 1, 400, 106 552, 300 2, 003, 961 48, 148 31. 920 47, 575 935, 752 41, 626 60,886 1, 117, 759 496, 551 1, 662, 458 46, 527 12. 816 22. 260 521, 910 9, 199 50, 992 617, 177 222, 523 886, 227 29. 196 15, 750 32. 910 499, 992 9. 477 28. 208 586, 337 210, 283 825, 816 20, 240 18, 642 12, 400 331, 872 5, 008 23, 934 391, 856 160, 558 572, 654 86, 569 131, 800 89, 300 2,038. 397 44, 331 107, 199 2,411,027 984, 774 3, 482, 370 42. 972 7,150 32, 500 643, 561 13, 723 68, 443 765, 377 289, 793 1, 098, 142 53, 166 20,800 49,500 1, 108, 392 28, 743 55, 679 1, 263, 114 478, 147 1, 794, 427 50. 533 32, 986 39, 670 604, 430 11,719 31, 779 720, 584 304, 539 1, 075, 656 48, 591 18,900 49, 871 875, 335 19, 012 83. 826 1, 046, 944 456. 130 1, 551, 665 543, 385 17, 549 4,500 20, 700 331, 823 7, 182 22, 158 386, 363 139, 473 37, 706 75, 491 875, 701 8, 464 28, 685 988, 341 347, 634 1,373,681 25, 414 22, 211 329, 146 3,946 19, 819 375, 122 129, 413 529, 949 34, 245 28, 365 47, 350 788, 916 20, 408 47, 685 932, 724 400. 746 1, 367, 715 20,688 47, 270 19, 755 63, 020 298. 079 879, 128 34, 355 22, 713 74, 825 340, 547 1, 051, 328 123, 445 429, 271 484, 680 1, 527, 869 48, 071 81, 317 992, 976 34, 408 68, 618 1, 177,319 433, 925 1, 659, 315 38, 381 5,900 35, 986 523,411 5, 337 25, 737 596, 371 267, 305 902. 057 20, 293 I 29, 107 301,093 3, 723 15, 966 349, 889 129, 456 499, 638 810, 054 436, 306 1 810,712 1 14, 501, 844 323, 334 960, 169 17, 032, 365 6, 718, 972 24, 561, 391 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 no in 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pennsylvania . . 96 107 279 2, 446 5,427 204, 034 187, 384 181 Arnold . . . 1 3 19 45 1, 588 1 520 180 Bradford... . 1 5 2 46 102 3, 889 3, 444 180 Bristol . 2 1 19 62 1, 559 1, 441 181 Butler . 2 5 72 152 6,247 5, 993 180 Carlisle 2 . 2 5 2 34 80 3, 326 2, 970 180 Chambersburg . . . 3 2 1 42 78 3, 255 3,168 180 Cheltenham . . 2 1 10 49 145 4, 973 4, 341 181 Coatesville. . . 1 1 6 63 101 3,899 3, 517 183 Connellsville . 1 1 3 39 68 2, 749 2, 391 180 Conshohocken . . 1 2 17 35 1, 260 1, 138 183 Coraopolis . . . 1 3 18 58 1,768 1,629 183 Donora.. . 1 5 24 52 1,810 1,689 180 Dormont . 1 1 43 32 1, 742 1, 543 190 Dunmore.. . 1 3 8 22 77 2, 591 2, 470 185 Ellwood City . 1 1 2 34 77 2, 790 2, 666 180 Franklin. . . 1 1 1 17 63 2, 271 2, 073 180 Greensburg . . . 1 7 5 42 97 3, 860 3, 455 180 Homestead.. . . . j 5 39 45 1,445 1. 183 180 Indiana . . 1 1 37 53 2, 367 2,230 180 Kingston . . 1 3 9 27 105 3, 272 3, 123 184 Lansdowne.. . . . 2 1 4 26 72 2, 311 2, 053 180 Latrobe . . . 2 2 30 47 2, 031 1,942 180 Lemoyne . 1 1 2 15 54 1,917 1,839 180 Lewistown... . 1 6 4 47 84 2,936 2, 843 180 Mahanoy City . . 1 1 3 12 46 1, 064 956 182 Monessen . . 1 3 32 82 2, 922 2, 658 180 Mount Carmel . 1 1 2 25 46 1, 818 1, 545 180 Munhall _ 1 6 35 76 2, 830 2, 644 180 Oil City . . 1 6 8 35 85 3, 224 2, 911 180 Pottstown . . 1 5 63 114 4,886 4, 429 180 Shaler Township . 1 1 5 30 63 2, 545 2, 294 180 Shamokin . . 2 1 7 37 59 2,608 2, 361 180 Shenandoah... 1 2 13 38 1, 153 1,044 181 Stowe Township . 1 1 7 19 1,997 1, 875 180 Sunbury . . . 3 2 40 88 2, 988 2, 839 180 Tamaqua . 1 2 2 18 52 2, 099 1,933 181 Uniontown . . . 1 2 4 37 112 3,825 3, 611 180 Waynesboro. . 1 1 2 22 50 1, 976 1, 801 180 West Chester . . 2 4 38 80 2,878 2, 566 184 Other cities . . . 47 52 136 1, 191 2, 643 99, 365 91, 256 181 ... a Rhode Island . . 9 10 32 155 458 16, 982 15, 070 180 Bristol . 1 4 22 46 1,841 1,695 180 Central Falls . 4 6 13 44 1, 518 1,319 180 Cumberland _ j 1 9 58 1, 906 1,720 180 Johnston . 1 3 18 46 2,030 1,838 179 Lincoln . . . . 1 2 3 7 37 1,367 1, 164 180 North Providence . 1 2 6 31 58 2, 202 2,016 179 South Kingstown . 1 1 14 53 1, 925 1,629 180 Westerly . 1 2 6 24 55 2, 329 2,073 181 West Warwick . 1 2 17 61 1, 864 1, 616 182 Vermont . 4 13 9 66 181 6,143 5,395 174 Barre . . . 1 6 2 22 62 2, 185 1,968 175 Brattleboro . 1 7 6 22 52 1,912 1, 588 177 Rutland.. . 2 2 22 67 2, 046 1, 839 171 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other « structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) 4 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $2, 320. 527 $507, 921 $1, 577, 961 $30, 194, 982 $506, 061 $2, 553, 432 $35, 340, 357 $12, 764, 644 $50,425,528 109 16. 980 17, 752 226, 193 6, 100 19, 365 269, 410 64,199 350, 589 110 36, 232 21,900 12,400 573, 882 9.436 55, 122 672, 740 213, 553 922, 525 111 23, 483 5, 767 328. 157 4, 919 20,504 359, 347 111,798 494, 628 112 64. 716 40,200 932, 989 19. 745 79, 852 1, 072, 786 379,838 1, 507, 340 113 32. 875 19. 793 9. 855 383, 306 2,003 21, 999 436, 956 110, 750 580, 581 114 38, 268 10, 597 6,000 458, 817 6,675 33, 252 515,341 321, 749 875. 358ill5 57, 351 5,999 65, 352 818, 387 18, 918 109, 671 1, 018. 327 423, 296 1, 498, 974 116 41, 358 5, 765 30, 450 587, 937 15, 852 46, 480 686, 484 190,460 918, 302 117 18,650 3,800 21.600 410, 811 8,900 27,400 472, 511 166, 554 657, 715 118 18. 357 10, 108 191,008 2, 038 13,653 216, 807 101, 709 336, 873 119 23, 957 16. 399 275, 237 6, 225 41, 776 339, 637 100, 925 464. 519 120 30, 635 28,861 317, 063 5, 899 19,119 370, 942 136, 873 538, 450 121 29, 571 7,158 286, 597 7, 394 22, 539 323,688 136, 262 489, 521 122 38. 748 9,708 36, 126 317, 567 25,483 388. 884 179, 852 607,484 123 23. 520 5, 676 13, 514 426, 302 4,588 29,156 479, 236 122, 488 625,244 124 21,000 4,882 7, 620 300, 616 5, 637 25, 463 344, 218 102, 524 467, 742 125 29, 869 41,093 30, 466 562, 529 55, 232 689, 320 287, 433 1, 006, 622 126 36. 482 36, 613 367. 391 9,036 35, 782 448, 822 138, 429 623.733 127 13, 755 4, 748 297, 818 3,000 10, 204 315, 770 50. 844 380. 369 128 34,404 14, 335 39,850 505, 135 3, 277 31, 862 594, 459 216, 453 845, 316 129 44, 419 5, 917 24, 483 397. 727 12, 931 59, 408 500, 466 181, 685 726, 570 130 22.699 12, 250 318.074 3,873 25, 648 359. 845 129, 911 512. 455 131 16, 128 5,500 9, 516 242. 867 7,734 26, 397 292. 014 105, 144 413. 286 132 36, 764 15,039 21,949 473. 245 9,003 40,569 559, 805 143, 465 740, 034 133 11.823 4, 200 15, 159 202.000 1,760 2, 709 225, 828 61, 709 299,360 134 32. 215 18.358 456, 277 7, 303 35, 255 517, 193 193, 194 742, 602 135 19, 756 6,000 11,067 269, 239 5. 850 19.020 311,176 171.196 502.128 136 40, 372 35, 471 485. 799 14, 465 32.804 568, 539 195. 837 804. 748 137 31. 604 21,304 31.713 468, 805 2, 315 33.852 557, 989 224, 620 814, 213 138 39, 079 28, 754 686, 737 9, 499 50. 872 775, 862 237, 801 1, 052, 742 139 41,502 5,000 29. 383 351, 478 9,140 36, 797 431, 798 244, 875 718. 175 140 38, 320 5,166 38,800 366, 444 3, 441 23, 935 437, 786 150, 512 626, 618 141 23. 007 7, 592 201. 068 1,400 8,307 218, 367 80, 809 322, 183 142 18, 333 4, 250 90, 502 13,838 108, 590 47, 778 174, 701 143 18. 614 17, 750 10,055 417.047 4,349 11, 716 460, 917 146, 873 626, 404 144 24.118 9,838 10, 201 223, 143 2, 043 15, 272 260, 497 97. 851 382, 466 145 45, 548 15.063 22,800 540. 352 9, 390 81, 145 668, 750 254, 798 969, 096 146 21,468 6, 238 15, 453 282,306 3, 869 18, 247 326,113 100, 157 447, 738 147 44, 449 21,400 449,156 11,602 50,204 532, 362 224, 051 800, 862 148 1,130,098 247, 358 768,468 14, 704, 974 246, 452 1, 243, 523 17, 210, 775 6, 216, 389 24, 557, 262 149 122, 453 40, 577 155,883 2, 240, 947 13,385 110, 102 2, 560, 894 783, 661 3, 467, 008 150 15, 104 20, 531 277, 977 2, 109 16, 675 317, 292 75, 397 407, 793 151 12, 234 12, 547 32,965 223, 334 4,604 12, 426 285, 876 60, 951 359, 061 152 10, 170 4, 831 231, 361 9,623 245, 815 81,380 337, 365 153 18, 739 12, 770 192, 762 9,345 214, 877 106, 267 339,883 154 17,385 11,000 14, 100 145,600 5, 486 176, 186 68, 048 261, 619 155 15, 464 8,530 27,190 308, 540 1,850 13, 536 359, 646 86, 430 461, 540 156 10, 834 4, 896 244,804 11, 335 261,035 89, 823 361, 692 157 13, 723 8,500 27,600 314, 198 4, 822 18, 571 373, 691 123, 710 511, 124 158 8,800 11,000 302, 371 13, 105 326, 476 91, 655 426, 931 159 45,638 49,528 42,944 875,055 15,230 70, 545 1, 053, 302 333, 844 1, 432, 784 160 14.369 23, 375 11,483 291,166 4,326 23,803 354,153 102, 543 471, 065 161 14. 778 26,153 21,061 258. 311 6, 759 23,500 335, 784 111,428 461, 990 162 16, 491 10, 400 325, 578 4,145 23,242 363, 365 119, 873 499, 729 163 398312 —51 6 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 1S4 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III —CITIES OF 10,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women « 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NORTH CENTRAL _ 383 373 1,280 7,903 20, 842 784, 038 697,526 179 Illinois _ _ 109 57 293 1,664 4, 416 159, 212 138, 636 184 Blue Island: Elementary District. . . 2 5 6 12 60 2, 047 1,614 185 High School District _ 3 4 46 40 1,823 1, 774 174 Brookfield, District No. 95 6._ 1 2 8 40 1,444 1,254 185 Calumet City: Elementary District No. 1 2 20 631 477 190 155. Elementary District No. 1 3 21 757 577 188 156. High School District _ _ 3 26 12 1, 217 1, 162 179 Canton _ ... . . . 1 1 2 27 82 2, 935 2, 665 174 Centralia: 1 8 6 69 2,088 1, 670 185 High School District _ 1 1 27 29 1,009 885 185 Chicago Heights: Elementary District _ 2 1 5 14 92 2, 860 2,500 189 High School District _ 2 39 37 2, 227 2,017 188 Collinsville . . . 2 4 27 96 3, 541 3, 175 185 Des Plaines: Elementary District. _ 1 6 10 98 3, 480 2, 735 187 High School District.. . . 2 6 3 60 36 2, 310 2, 239 187 Downers Grove: Elementary District . 1 1 5 13 89 3, 147 2,761 185 High School District 1 1 26 26 1, 401 1,291 185 East Moline: Elementary District _ 2 5 5 14 57 2,281 1, 996 185 High School District _ 2 1 27 21 1,288 1, 147 185 Elmhurst: Elementary District _ 1 8 7 119 3,867 3, 210 185 High School District _ 2 50 43 2, 297 2,072 185 Forest Park 8 _ 2 1 2 6 38 1,124 875 187 Freeport _ _ 2 4 10 29 128 4, 051 3, 490 185 Harrisburg: Elementary District 1 8 11 47 1, 833 1,463 186 High School District. .. . 1 14 18 788 744 185 Harvey: Elementary District _ 4 3 3 4 50 1, 841 1,590 182 High School District 2 4 71 61 2,795 2,502 187 Highland Park: Elementary District No. 1 1 7 30 822 681 186 107. Elementary District No. 1 5 16 56 1,748 1,421 185 108. High School District No. 3 1 1 35 26 1,187 1,056 188 113. Jacksonville . 2 10 44 116 3,644 3, 228 185 Kewanee.. 1 4 23 80 2, 512 2, 270 179 Macomb _ _ .. 1 9 14 60 1, 903 1, 548 185 Matoon . . . . . 3 10 53 106 4, 171 3, 663 185 Monmouth 1 6 19 62 1,944 1, 772 185 Mount Vernon: Elementary District 1 7 16 84 3, 032 2, 479 185 High School District . 1 27 25 1, 466 1,357 185 Ottawa: Elementary District _ 1 7 8 56 2, 190 1,851 186 High School District . .. 1 24 19 1, 079 986 185 Park Ridge 6 _ _ 2 1 5 14 124 3, 833 3, 460 185 Pekin: Elementary District. ... 1 4 10 24 108 3, 788 3, 450 185 High School District . 1 35 31 1,454 1,392 185 footnotes at end of Group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts * accounts Teachers Other s structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) 5 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $7, 117, 169 $1. 853, 391 $6, 743, 206 $113, 291, 285 $2, 079, 983 $8, 479, 659 $132, 447, 524 $43, 488, 072 $183,052,765 164 2, 366, 325 277, 144 1, 620, 956 26, 195, 121 407, 784 1, 977, 672 30, 478, 677 11, 623, 267 44, 468, 269 165 40, 177 33, 362 28, 352 227,385 7,117 296, 216 142, 858 479, 251 166 55, 021 22. 400 368, 225 39, 593 430, 218 275, 129 760, 368 167 20, 796 10, 300 182, 775 23, 270 216, 345 56, 854 293, 995 168 12, 561 88, 329 1,968 90, 297 29, 608 132, 466 169 12,439 87, 399 6,329 93, 728 27, 186 133, 353 170 21, 064 235, 299 5, 826 17, 360 258, 485 117, 166 396, 715 171 15, 846 4,660 12, 050 432, 936 5,738 21, 025 476, 409 167, 941 660, 196 172 15, 254 36, 000 262, 500 5,422 17, 891 321, 813 86, 312 423, 379 173 19,613 5,500 230, 100 4,813 3,521 243, 934 103, 449 366, 996 174 41,011 9, 500 39, 656 506, 285 8,957 22, 863 587, 261 147, 971 776, 243 175 52,894 418, 437 47, 696 466, 133 242, 331 761, 358 176 30, 765 18,300 481, 471 3, 400 30, 287 533, 458 313,307 877, 530 177 34, 152 30, 000 416, 263 20, 931 467, 194 147,991 649, 337 178 70, 641 33, 000 18, 000 373, 974 41, 598 466, 572 243, 245 780, 458 179 24, 385 5,500 30,000 380, 614 6,000 22, 266 444, 380 111, 552 580, 317 180 28, 940 6, 000 264, 235 8, 000 21,411 299, 646 83, 228 411, 814 181 23, 551 21, 873 24, 999 265, 611 4, 134 29,204 345, 821 176, 541 545, 913 182 24, 094 9,167 224, 990 16, 575 250, 732 140, 822 415, 648 183 121, 892 44,000 441,000 5, 000 45, 333 535, 333 166,304 823, 529 184 42, 712 493, 173 36, 678 46, 502 576, 353 233, 649 852, 714 185 37, 258 5, 750 12,000 191,316 6,336 215, 402 88, 840 341, 500 186 64, 740 18, 000 55.000 580, 900 20,000 90, 605 764, 505 234, 483 1, 063, 728 187 13, 697 33, 960 203,000 5,000 6, 573 248, 533 65,114 327, 344 188 13, 157 114, 582 3, 428 118, 010 52, 880 184, 047 189 13, 162 16, 500 205, 278 7, 746i 229, 524 62, 871 305, 557 190 87, 037 26, 225 718, 945 45, 870 791, 040 373, 820 1, 251, 897 191 14, 950 5,500 200, 573 5,000 8, 291 219, 364 86, 497 320, 811 192 30, 839 27,500 369, 834 2,500 28, 512 428, 346 134, 009 593, 194 193 31, 668 8,500 8,500 319, 000 6,600 128, 920 471, 520 212, 594 715, 782 194 28, 038 52, 300 602, 520 13, 078 37, 777 705, 675 367, 297 1, 101, 010 195 26, 387 21. 892 370, 650 6, 675 49, 013 448, 230 137, 750 612, 367 196 13, 347 49, 500 257, 920 2,500 19, 066 328, 986 170, 494 512, 827 197 21, 566 60, 000 675, 108 48, 747 783, 855 287, 218 1, 092, 639 198 15, 234 28,352 305, 416 7,500 23, 108 364, 376 116, 808 496, 418 199 18, 718 31,500 376, 737 5,125 413, 362 79, 032 511,112 200 13, 413 243,091 23, 060 266, 151 111,837 391,401 201 21,483 38, 500 297, 943 5,000 30, 079 371, 522 98, 940 491, 945 202 24, 963 7, 200 223, 264 12,000 24, 265 266, 729 166, 009 457, 701 203 35, 187 6,100 29,440 580, 475 12, 792 35, 246 664, 053 198, 385 897, 625 204 31, 017 22, 637 48,100 445, 386 3,000 37,488 556, 611 178, 799 766, 427 205 25, 158 5,500 304, 039 10, 000 19, 246 338, 785 321, 732 685, 675 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III —CITIES OF 10,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui sta (posit Men Jtional ff » Ions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois— Continued River Forest 6 _ j 4 8 51 1,203 890 183 Sterling: Elementary District _ 3 13 67 2, 408 1,983 186 High School District _ 1 1 25 22 1, 107 1,016 186 Streator: Elementary District _ 1 9 70 2, 122 1, 754 185 High School District 1 1 19 21 806 747 181 Wilmette-. . 3 5 4 14 97 2, 369 2,017 186 Winnetka: Elementary District _ 2 4 23 77 2, 064 1, 767 177 High School District 2 1 75 75 2, 582 2 358 185 Other cities . 35 19 102 549 1, 524 54,696 47,605 184 Indiana . 25 40 110 621 1,380 58, 403 51, 131 177 Connersville _ 2 7 44 76 3, 423 3, 073 177 Crawfordsville _ 1 2 29 63 2, 545 2,365 178 Frankfort _ 1 5 30 80 3, 421 3, 118 177 Goshen.. . . 2 7 36 59 2,684 2,186 175 Hobart _ 1 1 31 72 2,933 2, 625 172 Huntington . 1 4 7 29 67 2, 549 2,356 180 La Porte . - . . 3 6 8 36 93 3,898 3, 123 181 New Castle . . . 1 6 10 49 130 5, 515 4,587 177 Shelbyville _ 1 5 27 47 2, 191 1,949 172 Valparaiso . 1 5 4 31 48 2,384 2, 188 183 Wabash . 1 1 7 14 59 2, 254 2,004 180 West Lafayette _ 1 3 17 34 1,245 1, 105 173 Other cities . 10 16 44 248 562 23, 361 20, 452 177 Iowa . . 11 30 62 274 848 29,497 26,260 180 Ames . . i 1 10 34 100 3,298 2, 915 179 Boone 8 . . . 1 2 7 32 90 2,780 2, 398 179 Cedar Falls . 1 4 6 23 76 2, 605 2,303 180 Charles City _ 1 5 25 64 2, 168 1,904 180 Fort Madison . . . 1 4 5 19 66 2, 194 1, 997 180 Keokuk 8 . 2 5 6 37 84 3,267 2,880 180 Marshalltown . . . 1 3 8 27 107 3,718 3, 351 180 Muscatine 8 . 1 8 9 32 103 3, 929 3, 678 180 Newton. . 1 1 5 22 89 3,236 2. 790 179 Oskaloosa . 1 2 1 23 69 2, 302 2,044 180 Kansas . 23 10 126 542 1, 621 61, 885 53, 123 177 Arkansas City 8 . 1 9 38 75 3,897 3, 198 179 Dodge City 8.. . 1 1 7 37 79 3, 138 2,704 176 Emporia _ 1 4 29 79 2,675 2, 314 179 Fort Scott _ _ 1 2 23 57 1,902 1,665 177 Junction City _ 1 5 20 86 3, 507 2,794 176 Lawrence . 1 1 7 30 117 4, 109 3, 553 173 Leavenworth... . 2 2 9 28 100 3,736 3,086 175 Newton _ 1 7 24 78 3, 028 2,680 180 Ottawa _ 1 6 14 62 2,155 1,903 175 Parsons 8 _ _ 2 8 37 76 3.500 3.010 176 Pittsburg . . . . 1 1 6 23 94 3,080 2, 866 176 Winfield . . . . 1 1 6 22 68 2,404 2, 101 180 Other cities 9 4 50 217 650 24, 754 21, 249 i footnotes at end of Group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts * accounts Teachers Other * structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) 1 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $33, 349 $29,000 $281, 045 $12, 673 $47, 725 $370, 443 $113, 734 $517, 526 207 7, 809 15,000 366, 574 19, 316 400,890 84, 251 492, 950 208 17; 935 6,000 224, 918 5,400 17,441 253, 759 115, 087 386, 781 209 19, 607 49,500 294,251 14, 012 357, 763 112, 469 489, 839 210 15; 434 6; 000 254; 181 8,000 16, 653 * 284,834 94, 959 395, 227 211 54,758 $19, 485 24, 250 449, 024 11, 088 40, 310 544,157 167, 768 766,683 212 39, 018 29,759 493, 872 28, 477 42,664 594, 772 129, 718 763, 508 213 90, 678 8,800 988, 814 53, 069 1, 050, 683 379, 265 1, 520, 626 214 798, 910 88, 777 560,454 8, 875, 464 136, 533 565, 241 10, 226. 469 3,867,163 14, 892, 542 215 389, 374 218, 827 576, 808 8, 281, 794 122, 608 390, 291 9, 590, 328 2, 306, 622 12, 286, 324 216 25, 388 39, 177 474, 570 8, 425 27, 999 550, 171 158, 644 734, 203 217 15, 250 12, 625 367, 503 5, 892 13, 153 399, 173 73,764 488, 187 218 18, 569 28,200 446, 689 4, 350 41,316 520, 555 138, 444 677,568 219 20,749 10, 959 33, 347 388, 585 2,144 14, 347 449, 382 99, 632 569. 763 220 21. 392 5,000 461, 012 8,117 12, 459 486, 588 139,900 647,880 221 15, 181 18,340 34. 386 411, 558 4,682 17, 744 486, 710 99, 322 601, 213 222 21, 734 34, 602 34, 692 581. 010 10, 873 17, 533 678, 710 144, 508 844, 952 223 34, 034 45, 386 55. 203 698. 886 14, 286 41,902 855, 663 197, 216 1.086. 913 224 17, 298 28, 650 342. 081 2, 772 15, 277 388. 780 89, 175 495, 253 225 13,583 17,263 22, 879 316, 548 3. 796 10, 047 370, 533 84, 779 468. 895 226 14, 272 4,747 33. 839 259, 696 2, 293 8, 103 308, 678 77, 567 400, 517 227 16, 175 18, 088 220, 958 5, 935 14, 296 259, 277 81,028 356, 480 228 155, 749 87,530 230, 722 3, 312, 698 49, 043 156, 115 3, 836, 108 922, 643 4, 914, 500 229 198, 618 128, 312 279, 308 3, 799, 639 56,630 211, 210 4, 475,099 1, 702, 376 6, 376, 093 230 31,544 4,500 44, 437 433, 428 6, 945 34, 907 524, 217 200,290 756, 051 231 18, 347 8,000 23, 100 384, 789 5,000 16, 296 437, 185 149, 218 604, 750 232 14, 308 18,000 31,800 336, 413 23, 886 410, 099 170, 640 595, 047 233 15,200 23,400 298,000 3, 650 13,500 338, 550 102, 168 455, 918 234 21, 331 16,000 22.500 297, 142 14 821 350, 463 119, 265 491, 059 235 31, 692 20,000 29, 042 398, 775 11, 442 19, 781 479, 040 247, 766 758, 498 236 21, 070 12, 282 32, 757 472, 652 3,709 31, 382 552, 782 234, 089 807, 941 237 12, 118 36, 170 42, 100 480, 083 14, 831 21, 869 595, 053 172, 889 780, 060 238 15, 614 3, 186 25, 085 374, 465 8, 025 16, 770 427, 531 205, 104 648, 249 239 17, 394 10, 174 5,087 323, 892 3, 028 17, 998 360, 179 i 100, 947 478, 520 240 364, 265 42, 917 571, 275 7, 393, 375 123, 225 496, 491 8, 627, 283 l 2, 080, 424 11, 071, 972 ! 241 14, 717 39, 896 384,200 32, 166 456, 262 ! 95, 894 566, 873 1 242 19, 921 4,250 30,950 428,688 6, 470 39, 254 509, 612 ! 108, 333 637, 866 1 2*3 18, 229 20,231 363, 412 3,000 33, 270 419, 913 [ 108, 419 546, 561 244 15,166 9,600 259[ 062 6, 500 18’, 863 294] 025 > 82, 676 391, 867 r 245 15, 102 22, 559 345, 779 3,160 i 18, 187 389, 681 i 67, 237 472, 024 l 246 29, 213 4,000 32, 257 507, 497 9,835 i 24, 926 578, 515 ) 131, 321 739, 049 1 247 27, 081 8,614 37, 916 ' 428, 773 15, 452 ! 34, 358 525, 113 t 136, 020 i 688, 214 i 248 12, 384 — 32,200 i 357, 000 4,000 i 20,645 413, 843 i 70, 322 ! 496, 55] . 249 17, 722 > 27, 390 i 260, 333 3, 477 12, 899 l 304, 099 ) 66, 451 388, 272 > 250 18, 49S i _ 35,888 1 380, 024 3, 833 I 26, 193 1 445, 933 5 177, 903 1 642, 34( ) 251 19,948 ; 4, 15C l 29,450 1 432, 837 7,102 ! 13, 433 ! 486, 972 > 116, 499 1 623, 419 ) 252 10, 577 ' 4, 736 » 24,428 1 288,422 11, 10€ i 23, 701 352, 393 5 87, 18C 1 450, 15( ) 253 145, 706 > 17, 167 ' 228, 51C 1 2, 957, 348 49,290 i 198, 590 i 3, 450, 91] L 832, 162 1 4,428,789 ) 254 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (posi Men ctional iff » tions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 255 Michigan . . 50 53 196 1, 410 3, 195 125, 161 114, 225 183 9 56 2 g 44 139 5, 371 4,298 185 257 Alpena 9 _ _ _ 1 1 6 37 59 2,406 2, 257 184 258 Calumet Township _ _ 1 1 3 19 42 1,669 1, 559 187 259 East Detroit _ _ _ 3 1 11 48 150 6, 223 5,678 181 9fi0 1 6 22 57 2, 118 2, 014 179 26i E corse _ _ _ 1 7 6 38 82 3, 365 3, 152 184 262 Escanaba _ _ 2 2 41 65 2, 727 2, 541 181 ?63 Inkster _ _ _ _ 1 7 23 92 3, 377 3, 263 178 264 Ironwood 9 _ _ 2 2 33 57 2, 357 2, 084 178 265 Menominee _ . _ 1 2 1 36 49 2, 228 2, 129 184 266 Midland _ . _ 3 1 11 98 195 6, 822 6, 235 190 267 Monroe . . _. . . 1 5 7 59 97 4, 253 4, 044 177 268 Mount Clemens . . . 1 3 3 38 140 4, 669 4, 453 182 269 1 6 26 67 2,409 2, 257 180 270 Muskegon Heights _ 1 4 4 51 90 4, 519 4, 023 186 271 River Rouge _ _ 1 4 48 91 3, 402 3, 245 184 272 Sault Ste. Marie _ _ 2 1 8 37 91 3, 771 3, 240 179 273 Ypsilanti . ... . . . 1 2 9 48 127 4, 524 3, 969 185 274 Other cities _ 24 25 92 664 1,505 58, 951 53, 814 275 Minnesota . . 25 40 72 620 1, 656 62, 954 56, 372 172 276 Albert Lea . . . 1 1 4 38 106 4, 034 3,691 172 277 Austin 9 _ .. ._ _ 2 2 1 76 170 6, 199 5, 559 173 278 Brainerd _ _ 1 6 8 39 89 3,599 3,202 170 279 Faribault _ _ _ 1 3 1 36 59 2, 106 1, 878 171 280 Fergus Falls. . . . 1 2 2 27 74 2,601 2, 324 173 281 Mankato... . . . 2 1 5 39 91 3, 134 2, 795 173 282 Moorhead _ _ 1 1 2 27 72 2, 473 2, 203 174 283 Red Wing . . 1 2 25 54 1,868 1, 726 173 284 Robbinsdale _ _ _ 3 1 4 40 165 7, 592 6, 623 175 285 St. Louis Park . . . . 1 2 7 37 171 7, 088 6, 220 175 286 South St. Paul _ _ _ 3 9 10 37 92 3, 733 3, 503 172 287 Virginia 9 _ 2 2 8 44 99 2,789 2,555 179 288 Other cities _ _ 6 10 18 155 414 15, 738 14, 093 172 289 Missouri _ 32 50 119 436 1,707 56, 983 49, 716 182 290 Cape Girardeau. .. . _ 1 4 7 28 96 3,387 3,012 180 291 Clayton _ _ _ 2 2 8 28 85 2,269 1,825 186 292 Fulton. _ _ 1 1 4 15 44 1,484 1,257 180 293 Hannibal _ _ _ _. 1 3 7 16 116 3,665 3, 160 180 294 Kirksville... _ _ 2 6 4 13 71 2, 228 1,892 180 295 Kirkwood _ .. ... 2 3 12 34 167 6, 166 5, 403 188 296 Maplewood-Rich mond 3 4 7 31 98 3,078 2,707 189 Heights. 297 Mexico _ _ _ 3 6 5 18 71 2, 335 2, 181 177 298 Moberly... . . . 1 3 3 19 81 2, 324 2, 103 180 299 St. Charles _ _ _ 1 6 17 67 2, 055 1,924 177 300 Sedalia. . . 1 8 28 109 3,694 3, 199 180 301 Sikeston . . . 2 4 29 74 3, 329 2, 758 177 302 Other cities . . 12 18 44 160 628 20, 969 18, 295 182 303 Nebraska.. .. 8 19 37 234 753 27, 025 23,892 177 304 Beatrice. . . 1 2 2 17 72 2,114 1,905 180 305 Fremont . . 1 3 2 22 82 3,095 2,704 180 306 Grand Island . . . 1 2 10 41 133 4, 942 4,393 178 307 Hastings . . 1 4 8 33 114 4, 288 3,704 179 308 Kearney . . . 1 1 7 251 61 2, 066 1,981 180 See footnotes at end of Group-Ill of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $1, 189, 558 $294, 976 $1, 142. 834 $19, 315, 171 $484, 310 $1, 512, 991 $22, 750, 282 $6, 667, 973 $30,607,813 255 36, 246 35, 583 584, 610 18,894 28, 772 667, 859 136, 076 840, 181 256 27, 455 5, 470 30, 290 355, 217 4,984 29, 224 425, 185 168, 037 620, 677 257 17, 278 4, 700 13, 632 212, 691 4, 966 12, 169 248,158 93, 926 359. 362 258 57, 613 6,000 68, 773 839, 088 33, 075 115, 529 1, 062, 465 247, 365 1, 367, 443 259 26, 910 27,958 331, 923 11, 627 36, 097 407, 605 95, 218 529, 733 260 46, 420 41, 785 42, 315 660, 840 10, 359 41, 867 797, 166 195, 183 1, 038, 769 261 25, 720 14, 073 407, 730 7,683 26, 499 455. 985 142, 761 624, 466 262 27, 226 43, 098 456, 396 23, 210 48, 241 570, 945 212, 108 810, 279 263 30, 472 11, 683 352, 660 12, 134 33, 270 409, 747 172, 230 612, 449 264 12, 004 7, 501 6,800 229, 226 3,641 20, 199 267, 367 98, 746 378, 117 265 54, 221 7,410 76, 187 1, 187, 344 25, 612 86, 905 1, 383, 458 391, 005 1, 828. 684 266 48, 659 29, 989 39. 616 779, 647 30, 787 70,088 950, 127 354, 511 1, 353, 297 267 34, 765 17,897 12, 770 750, 476 11, 065 56, 712 848, 920 252, 621 1, 136, 306 268 15, 596 24, 077 297, 075 1,916 20,167 343, 235 88, 682 447. 513 269 32, 324 19, 218 21,358 593, 069 13, 000 39, 098 685, 743 242, 152 960, 219 270 59, 739 26, 000 737, 685 16, 297 38, 718 818, 700 263, 379 1,141,818 271 36, 832 5, 672 52, 496 515, 556 16, 930 44, 869 635, 523 154, 908 827, 263 272 39, 796 10, 400 57, 850 926, 488 10, 020 51, 948 1, 056, 706 218, 448 1, 314, 950 273 560, 282 138, 934 538, 255 9, 097, 450 228, 110 712, 619 10, 715, 388 3, 140, 617 14, 416, 287 274 461,823 216, 826 405, 251 8, 978, 267 233, 001 1, 004, 811 10, 838, 156 4, 118, 489 15, 418, 468 275 18, 212 5, 753 23, 020 555, 342 6,174 60,674 650, 963 174, 902 844, 077 276 46, 366 15. 200 8,700 1, 060, 200 47, 728 116, 666 1, 248, 494 402, 054 1, 696, 914 277 19, 879 27, 402 36, 535 524, 376 11, 718 63,812 663, 843 169, 000 852, 722 278 19, 414 17, 790 5, 945 366, 336 8,708 42, 317 441, 096 117,156 577, 666 279 19, 396 10, 856 10, 856 341, 623 3, 695 44, 536 411, 566 164, 686 595, 648 280 27, 015 5, 300 25, 311 552, 445 13, 643 86, 718 683, 417 256, 306 966, 738 281 25, 303 5,481 10, 961 329, 057 2, 950 46, 123 394, 572 135, 504 555, 379 282 14, 872 10, 983 303, 078 4, 108 23, 650 341,819 91, 638 448, 329 283 36, 361 5,280 27, 237 737, 661 16, 329 64, 586 851, 093 394, 989 1, 282, 443 284 42, 340 12, 508 44, 200 801, 477 24. 161 91, 479 973, 825 445, 682 1, 461,847 285 25, 546 45, 450 43, 697 556, 697 16, 380 36, 976 699, 200 330, 420 1, 055, 166 286 51,664 11, 600 56, 494 605, 425 19, 157 76, 073 768, 749 406. 538 1, 226, 950 287 115, 455 54, 206 101, 312 2, 244, 550 58,250 251, 201 2, 709, 519 1, 029, 614 3, 854, 589 258 420, 767 208, 920 570,832 7, 260, 834 159,808 650, 854 8, 851, 248 2, 850, 069 12, 122, 084 289 14, 963 12. 899 25, 997 366, 718 3,303 31,120 440, 037 106, 280 561, 280 290 41, 653 12, 950 62, 130 541, 157 23, 917 53, 415 693, 569 268, 547 1, 003, 769 291 7,542 4. 750 13,408 148, 650 2, 379 11, 169 180, 356 76, 351 264, 249 292 13, 868 10, 242 30, 381 433, 105 12, 540 38, 477 624, 745 132, 989 671, 602 293 19, 707 15, 400 20,300 231, 991 1,794 20,504 289, 989 67, 543 377, 239 294 50, 903 14, 592 59, 287 813, 571 18, 450 72. 575 978, 475 292, 588 1, 321, 966 295 32, 161 27, 358 42,028 512, 476 4, 360 49,283 635, 505 227, 329 894, 995 296 23, 274 20,097 23,566 289, 199 6,134 18,908 357, 904 106, 716 487, 894 297 12, 418 13, 750 14, 300 285, 059 6,980 22,709 342, 798 108, 606 463, 822 298 15, 721 21, 610 278, 826 5,938 23, 357 329, 731 114, 906 460, 358 299 15, 163 33, 705 386, 845 13, 212 29, 363 463, 125 143, 755 622, 043 300 18, 553 14, 056 301, 275 1,992 40, 462 357, 785 155, 643 531, 981 301 154, 841 76, 882 210, 064 2, 671, 962 58, 809 239, 512 3, 257, 229 1, 048, 816 4,460,886 302 211, 062 84, 490 168, 117 3, 093, 400 26, 949 262, 708 3, 635, 664 811, 002 4, 657, 728 303 80, 893 4, 138 9,500 290, 933 30, 362 334, 933 90. 487 506, 313 304 13. 660 10, 429 10, 282 310, 205 3,557 23, 520 357, 993 61, 435 432, 988 305 30, 197 9, 885 39, 755 587, 377 5,893 59, 530 702, 440 141, 881 874, 518 306 20, 419 21, 157 31,428 470,640 1,892 39, 925 565, 042 140, 774 726, 236 307 18, 788 5,114 27,960 286, 342 3, 685 22, 087 345,188 87, 324 451, 300 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 JBIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru< sta: (posit Men Jtional ff i ions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught* * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nebraska— Continued Norfolk « . . j 5 2 25 59 2,189 1,942 177 North Platte. . 1 2 3 27 123 4,767 3, 951 178 Scottsblufl ®. . . . . 1 1 3 44 109 3,564 3, 312 176 North Dakota _ 5 5 8 98 254 9,627 8,458 179 Bismarck . . 3 2 4 46 98 3,705 3,173 180 Jamestown _ _ _ _ _. 1 1 2 14 55 2,034 1,820 174 Minot . . . 1 2 2 38 101 3,888 3,465 180 Ohio _ _ 61 36 183 1,359 3, 614 139, 926 129, 365 174 Ashland . . 2 2 2 49 83 3,542 3, 162 173 Ashtabula . . . . 1 1 5 36 112 3, 469 3,172 177 Bexley . 1 1 4 27 63 2,384 2, 224 176 Campbell _ _ 2 7 45 38 2, 026 1,866 177 Chillicothe . . . 1 1 8 32 126 5,215 4, 580 179 Findlay... . . 2 11 42 135 4, 844 4, 431 173 Fostoria . . . . 1 1 27 66 2,749 2, 675 180 Fremont.. . . . 1 2 6 36 88 3, 711 3, 498 171 Garfield Heights . 1 3 6 31 84 3, 508 3, 299 173 Ironton . . . 2 1 28 72 2,670 2,589 176 Lancaster - 1 3 7 30 141 4,961 4,607 176 Maple Heights _ _ _ 2 1 5 33 102 4,316 3, 981 174 Marietta _ 2 2 33 76 3,333 3, 044 175 Mount Vernon.. _ . 2 6 23 89 3, 020 2, 763 175 New Philadelphia . 1 2 29 63 2, 607 2, 404 176 Painesville _ 1 2 22 67 2,538 2, 329 176 Piqua . . . . 1 4 3 34 72 3, 109 2,942 179 Rocky River _ _ 1 6 23 67 2, 277 2, 066 176 Salem _ _ 1 2 28 92 3,021 2,869 180 Tiffin. _ _ 1 2 21 70 2,333 2,184 176 Troy . . . . 1 1 1 30 66 2,197 2,097 176 Washington Court House.... 2 1 24 49 2, 259 2, 082 176 Wooster _ _ 1 1 5 34 64 2, 687 2,502 174 Xenia _ _ 2 6 24 85 3, 484 3, 138 180 Other cities . . . 28 16 83 618 1,644 63,666 58, 861 174 South Dakota _ 7 7 25 120 328 10, 629 9, 616 186 Aberdeen _ 1 3 10 33 107 3,589 3,280 190 Huron . . ... 1 2 6 23 77 2, 643 2, 373 185 Mitchell . . . 1 1 6 31 71 1,794 1,640 185 Watertown . . . . 4 1 3 33 73 2,603 2,323 183 Wisconsin... . . 27 26 49 525 1,070 42, 736 36, 702 181 Ashland . . 2 4 5 28 52 2,161 1, 840 181 Beaver Dam . . 1 1 l 28 42 1,764 1,500 177 Chippewa Falls _ 1 1 6 29 58 2,397 1, 963 176 Cudahy . . . 1 2 2 26 53 2, 236 1,769 184 Janesville _ _ 4 7 7 53 89 4,938 3, 971 183 Marinette - - 1 2 1 28 56 2,285 2, 121 178 Marshfield.. _ _ 1 1 2 23 50 1,580 1, 347 173 Menasha _ _ _ 1 1 1 20 41 1, 654 1,400 175 Neenah . . 1 1 1 29 65 2, 656 2,400 175 Shorewood _ _ _ 3 4 33 89 2,888 2,407 182 South Milwaukee . . . 1 1 31 49 2,250 1, 828 189 Stevens Point . 1 2 2 29 55 2,271 2,137 180 Two Rivers _ _ 2 1 19 33 1, 340 1, 213 184 »e footnotes at end of Group II [ of this I table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Adminis- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other 3 structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) 5 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $13, 121 $14, 813 $9, 100 $229, 920 $2,643 $30, 744 $287, 220 $60, 138 $360, 479 309 16, 265 11, 829 14,560 471,828 3,542 36, 686 538, 445 129, 113 683, 823 310 17, 819 7,125 25, 532 446, 155 5,737 19, 854 504,403 99,850 622, 072 311 49,001 24, 691 46, 369 1, 174, 641 18, 435 37,358 1, 301, 494 336, 857 1, 687, 352 312 16, 262 11, 400 24, 470 433, 411 7,750 2,986 480, 017 111, 615 607, 894 313 14, 042 3, 991 10,321 234, 524 1,980 6,786 257, 602 69, 994 341, 638 314 18, 697 9, 300 11, 578 506, 706 8,705 27,586 563, 875 155, 248 737, 820 315 1, 001,857 179, 807 966,634 19, 568, 721 277, 541 1, 308, 773 22,301,476 8,110,259 31,413, 592 316 27,569 10, 875 11,000 474, 292 7, 947 29,612 533, 726 179, 206 740, 501 317 22,888 6,165 27,882 606, 771 10, 099 33, 401 684, 318 261, 976 969, 182 318 26, 256 4,837 26, 150 454,124 10,208 27, 682 523. 001 170, 865 720, 122 319 17, 086 38, 521 365.036 1, 870 21, 972 427, 399 150, 713 595, 198 320 18, 311 4,254 37,201 658, 318 7, 128 23,152 730, 053 197, 008 945, 372 321 25, 454 61,823 658, 437 6, 778 48, 669 775, 707 219, 860 1, 021, 021 322 16, 693 6,408 372, 911 2,400 16, 957 398, 676 142, 317 557, 686 323 23, 461 9,071 29, 545 474, 890 4,693 36, 849 555, 048 218, 166 796, 675 324 30,240 17,288 31, 475 510, 205 18, 370 35, 743 613, 081 305, 773 949, 094 325 11, 650 4, 000 311, 158 2,046 26, 575 343, 779 120, 853 476. 282 326 24, 243 13, 317 35,848 656, 271 12, 291 36, 402 754,129 348,968 1, 127, 340 327 42, 751 5, 775 27, 325 515,442 18, 106 54, 844 621, 492 347, 624 1, 011,867 328 24, 397 10, 890 419, 534 7, 238 25. 439 463, 101 110, 505 598, 003 329 29. 162 36, 116 400, 374 5,150 28,476 470, 116 195, 583 694, 861 330 19, 435 10, 694 325, 714 3,310 21, 743 361, 461 121, 731 502, 627 321 18, 029 12,250 365, 796 4,745 26,582 409, 373 128, 844 566, 246 332 20,752 16,688 14, 499 390, 182 1, 578 30, 848 453, 795 134, 979 609, 526 333 30, 392 33, 271 404, 559 12, 097 42, 062 491, 989 235, 210 757, 591 334 26, 205 10,400 469,684 2, 033 11, 639 493, 756 133, 662 653, 623 335 16, 975 10, 354 341, 529 3,775 25, 561 381, 219 121, 076 519, 270 336 21. 433 5,225 6, 471 364, 183 2,761 22, 301 400,941 91, 664 514, 038 337 15, 726 6, 332 285, 022 2,637 31, 016 325, 007 129, 082 469, 815 338 17, 476 4,500 5,500 401, 085 2,000 22,582 435, 667 154, 382 607, 525 339 19, 429 32, 861 439, 450 2,000 33, 175 507, 486 200,050 726, 965 340 455, 844 81, 812 439, 818 8, 903, 754 126, 281 595, 491 10, 147, 156 3, 690, 162 14, 293,162 341 80,533 27,947 106, 184 1, 438, 017 10, 736 128, 450 1, 711, 334 529,583 2, 321, 450 342 19,538 9,747 36,120 465,190 45, 021 556, 078 193, 662 769, 278 343 21, 424 8, 000 24,000 312, 207 32, 806 377, 013 130, 520 528, 957 344 21, 100 4, 500 27,400 318, 847 4,440 28, 711 383, 898 89, 317 494, 315 345 18, 471 5,700 18,664 341, 773 6,296 21, 912 394, 345 116, 084 528, 900 34G 383,986 148,534 288,638 6, 792, 305 158,956 498, 050 7, 886, 483 2,351, 151 10, 621, 620 347 27,924 23,362 20,222 329,900 2,910 23,525 399, 919 194, 847 622, 690 348 13, 531 5,300 5,829 272,056 3, 379 18, 570 305, 134 92, 036 410, 701 349 14, 894 4,500 33,980 287, 274 3, 978 32, 956 362,688 133, 195 510, 777 350 25, 925 12, 829 12,829 356, 668 7,361 26, 065 415, 752 134, 601 576, 278 351 24, 423 42, 039 41,266 686, 232 23, 785 47, 091 840, 413 179, 320 1, 044. 156 352 13, 849 9, 954 5,500 293, 201 5, 458 24, 633 338, 746 81, 480 434, 0751353 18, 365 4, 450 11, 850 281,658 6,527 27, 216 331, 701 127, 794 477,8601354 15, 609 5,105 5, 857 274, 438 4,760 33, 878 324, 038 123, 909 463, 556 i 355 25, 210 5,740 6, 240 397, 742 4,830 27,834 442, 386 149, 512 617, 108 356 42 701 29,800 634, 419 22, 156 38. 077 724, 452 203, 741 970, 894 '357 15, 915 6,500 6,500 360,557 9,506 32, 419 415, 482 125, 718 557, 115,358 18, 162 12,800 13, 100 352, 675 6, 104 15, 774 400, 453 133, 258 551, 873. 359 18, 195 5,500 216, 778 4,747 16. 157 243, 182 73,533 334, 910|360 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (posii Men ctional ff i tions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Wisconsin— Continued 361 Watertown... . . . 1 1 4 15 52 1, 903 1,606 180 362 Waukesha . . 2 1 6 51 117 4, 409 3, 958 187 363 Whitefish Bay _ _ 3 4 42 108 3, 606 2, 987 183 364 Wisconsin Ra"pids.. . 1 1 1 41 61 2, 398 2,255 180 365 SOUTH . . . 213 162 989 3, 486 16, 090 587, 169 511, 854 177 366 Alabama _ _ 12 6 61 183 1,094 42, 418 37, 571 176 367 Decatur _ _ _ 2 2 7 15 116 4, 044 3, 667 175 368 Dothan _ _ _ 1 1 7 15 142 5, 206 4,751 176 369 Fairfield . . . . 1 1 6 24 101 3, 305 3, 094 177 370 Florence _ _ 1 g 16 121 4, 860 4, 177 178 371 Huntsville . . 1 i 16 98 4,166 3, 653 175 372 Opelika _ _ _ 1 1 3 13 78 2, 961 2, 598 178 373 Phenix City . . . 1 2 25 136 6, 236 5, 130 175 374 Selma. _ _ _ _ 2 11 26 142 5, 380 4, 806 175 375 Sheffield _ . . . 1 5 12 71 2, 775 2, 471 175 376 Talladega _ _ _ 1 5 21 89 3, 485 3, 224 175 377 Arkansas _ _ . ~ 9 4 48 146 797 30, 339 25, 847 176 378 Blytheville _ _ 2 3 4 24 113 4, 520 3,722 175 379 Camden . . 1 7 15 73 3, 158 2 619 180 380 El Dorado. _ _ 2 1 10 27 167 5, 861 5,226 177 381 Fayetteville . . ... ... 1 4 16 75 3, 170 2, 792 175 382 Helena _ _ _ 1 4 16 129 4, 648 3, 482 175 383 Jonesboro . 1 7 20 3, 218 2, 846 180 384 Texarkana - - .. .. 1 12 28 147 5,764 5, 160 173 385 Georpla. . . . . 10 6 54 180 1,084 42, 526 35,750 180 386 Americus . 1 5 11 73 2, 781 2, 404 180 387 Dalton . . . . . 1 18 99 4, 044 3, 305 180 388 Decatur . . . . . 1 2 9 18 119 4, 234 3, 716 180 389 Dublin . . . . . 1 1 7 13 64 2, 875 2,485 180 390 Gainesville . . . 1 6 13 91 3, 256 2, 773 180 391 Marietta _ _ _ _ 1 2 8 21 146 5, 925 4,801 180 392 Moultrie _ 1 4 35 113 4. 554 3, 790 180 393 Thomasville. _ _ 1 4 16 103 4, 114 3, 526 180 394 Valdosta _ _ 1 1 8 16 143 5, 878 4, 805 180 395 Way cross. . . . . 1 3 19 133 4, 865 4,145 180 396 Kentucky _ _ 8 7 34 84 453 17, 481 14, 439 178 397 Bowling Green . . . 1 5 6 14 74 3, 253 2, 657 175 398 Fort Thomas _ 2 4 12 47 1,455 1, 147 190 399 Frankfort _ _ 1 2 10 46 1, 618 1,372 183 400 Henderson . . 1 7 16 92 3,532 2, 860 175 401 Hopkinsville. _ _ 1 6 12 84 2, 780 2, 397 175 402 Middlesborough . . 1 2 8 11 64 3,206 2, 649 175 403 Richmond . 1 1 9 46 1, 637 1, 357 183 Louisiana 404 Bogalusa . . . 1 2 5 26 144 5,070 4, 811 180 See footnotes at end of Group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) s Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 $9, 836 33, 993 48, 958 16, 496 $5, 669 5, 586 $24, 000 33, 521 26, 344 6,300 $241, 613 741, 665 726, 345 339, 084 $3, 937 15, 443 27, 321 6, 754 $17, 385 48, 309 41, 913 26, 248 $292, 604 844, 524 821, 923 383, 086 $72, 162 196, 345 224, 130 105, 570 $374, 602 1, 074, 862 1, 095,011 505, 152 4,700 3. 578, 234 741, 940 4, 540, 454 61, 310, 722 662, 722 2, 580, 375 69, 836, 213 16, 112, 155 89, 526, 602 156, 267 19, 062 252, 178 3, 571, 215 13, 125 86, 395 3, 941, 975 616, 085 4, 714, 327 22, 806 12, 310 18, 634 18, 981 16, 759 12, 591 8, 185 16, 600 14, 922 14, 479 7, 447 2, 833 3, 232 30, 064 29, 394 25, 262 32, 916 26, 818 13, 606 8, 040 40, 766 22, 885 22, 427 381, 743 460, 758 343, 122 384, 039 323, 011 250, 409 420, 034 448, 129 241, 364 318, 606 10, 782 7,242 7, 215 1, 050 11,066 8, 360 12, 080 7, 624 11, 731 9, 245 430, 036 500, 227 384, 756 418, 005 363, 895 278, 245 440, 154 500, 399 275, 980 350, 278 139. 619 58, 004 51, 868 72, 719 65, 942 25, 845 42, 376 76, 926 48, 942 33, 844 592, 461 570, 541 455, 258 509, 705 446, 596 316, 681 490, 715 593, 925 339, 844 398, 601 5,925 3, 000 2,550 3,320 3,880 112,840 12, 661 200, 519 2, 295, 350 34, 637 62,043 2, 605, 210 763, 063 3, 481, 113 17, 837 6,661 29, 864 17, 020 14, 904 11, 152 15,402 8, 109 17, 328 25, 637 53, 080 21, 625 15, 748 22, 700 44, 401 327, 503 216, 810 581, 387 225, 666 282, 986 238, 106 422, 892 3, 031 2,600 11, 645 9, 425 5,980 7,624 14, 950 4,547 8, 810 11, 204 8, 928 361, 951 252, 671 665, 614 261, 263 307, 544 275, 495 480, 672 84, 531 57, 374 124, 318 58, 063 75, 210 52, 897 310, 670 464, 319 316, 706 819. 796 336, 346 397, 658 339, 544 806, 744 4, 552 3, 485 4, 451 162, 573 24, 455 250, 422 3, 817, 825 4, 354 177, 001 4, 274, 057 1, 229, 335 5, 665, 965 10, 948 15, 405 20, 079 10. 489 16, 123 20, 042 14, 808 14, 383 17, 700 22, 596 17,889 232, 941 367, 283 443, 823 227, 593 329, 112 495, 200 440, 139 347, 642 459, 432 474, 660 4,742 7, 906 42, 418 7, 873 9, 181 44, 455 21, 132 20, 372 8,724 10, 198 255, 572 375, 189 545, 649 267, 473 361, 974 584, 800 485, 323 387, 122 510, 774 500, 181 37, 297 150, 975 131, 230 136, 895 121, 879 107, 492 106, 395 217, 377 94, 350 125, 445 303, 817 541, 569 696, 958 414, 857 499, 976 712, 334 606, 526 618, 882 622, 824 648, 222 9,920 3,837 45, 134 28, 170 23, 681 38, 675 24, 052 19, 108 38, 390 15, 323 4, 354 6, 470 4,228 - . - 116, 049 22, 719 121, 373 1, 453, 567 8, 448 45, 012 1, 651, 119 383, 748 2, 150, 916 18, 465 19, 987 16, 308 15, 801 14, 509 17, 732 13, 247 16, 885 20,260 20, 100 12, 040 24,314 17, 924 23, 335 3, 400 244, 557 228, 149 175, 048 270, 331 211, 583 175, 410 148. 489 6,266 10, 567 6, 275 5, 487 8, 514 5, 435 2, 468 287, 968 261,621 193, 475 303, 612 238, 021 210, 014 156, 408 55, 691 70, 785 51, 973 56, 921 54, 904 54, 414 39, 060 362, 124 352, 393 261, 756 376, 334 307, 434 282, 160 208, 715 2,805 112 3, 480 5, 834 2,051 25, 319 10,824 24, 566 532, 546 2,640 42,831 613,407 168, 096 806, 822 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP in —CITIES OF 10,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (posil Men ctional Hi dons) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mississippi _ 14 9 60 134 860 32, 384 27,991 180 Clarksdale _ _ _ 3 9 18 92 3,907 3,303 180 Columbus _ 2 8 17 138 5, 352 4, 620 180 Greenwood _ 2 2 8 18 114 4. 555 3,783 180 Gulfport _ _ 1 3 8 16 126 4, 753 4, 175 180 McComb _ 1 6 9 56 2,290 1,952 180 Natchez.,- . . 2 4 9 22 142 4, 656 4,119 180 2 5 23 89 3, 761 3, 143 180 Tupelo. . . 1 7 11 103 3,110 2, 896 180 North Carolina _ 23 10 128 357 1,927 69, 943 63,584 180 Albemarle _ _ 1 - 13 80 2,666 2, 475 180 Concord _ 1 1 6 17 87 3, 407 3, 154 180 Elizabeth City.. . . . 1 6 14 95 3, 219 2,897 180 Gastonia. _ _ 1 3 10 45 181 7,097 6,382 180 Kingston _ 1 6 19 130 4, 503 4, 132 180 Lexington _ 2 7 15 109 3,995 3, 677 180 Monroe _ 1 2 3 49 1, 603 1,469 180 Reidsville _ _ _ 1 9 23 88 3,283 3, 048 180 Salisbury . . . . 2 1 8 25 114 3, 921 3,500 180 Sanford... _ _ 1 4 7 53 1,967 1,676 180 Statesville _ _ 1 8 20 96 3,403 3, 105 180 Thomasville-. . . . 1 1 5 13 74 2,902 2,636 180 Other cities . 9 4 51 143 771 27, 977 25, 433 180 Oklahoma . . . 24 15 131 455 1,565 62, 737 52, 555 176 Ardmore . . . 2 2 8 27 87 3,732 3, 133 179 Duncan _ 2 6 28 111 4, 559 3,736 180 Durant _ 2 6 19 55 2,373 1,911 175 El Reno . . . . 1 1 9 18 75 2,744 2,297 177 Guthrie _ _ _ _ 2 8 13 77 2,615 2,222 175 McAlester.. . . 1 2 4 32 104 4, 139 3,425 176 Miami _ 1 8 17 76 2, 974 2,540 178 Okmulgee _ 2 10 30 82 3,600 3, 071 176 Ponca City. _ _ 1 5 9 48 141 5, 441 4, 800 175 Sapulpa. . . . . . 1 1 8 30 82 3, 727 3, 092 175 Shawnee . . . . 1 11 32 136 5,289 4, 217 176 Stillwater. _ _ 1 6 27 79 3, 099 2,660 175 Other cities . . 7 4 38 134 460 18, 445 15, 451 177 South Carolina . 8 2 65 194 1, 191 41, 872 36,211 180 Anderson _ 1 13 50 242 8,891 7, 969 180 Florence. . . 1 15 34 266 9,510 7,996 180 Orangeburg _ . _ 2 2 6 30 175 6,295 5,367 179 Rock Hill _ _ _ 3 17 36 309 9, 178 7,907 180 Sumter _ _ _ _ 1 14 44 199 7, 998 6,972 180 Tennessee . . . 11 9 49 133 732 25, 173 22, 379 176 Bristol _ 1 3 10 22 123 3, 957 3,384 177 Clarksville _ 2 1 5 34 109 3. 923 3, 397 175 Cleveland . . . 1 3 12 72 2, 763 2,475 175 Dyersburg _ 1 i 8 10 75 2,731 2,500 177 Elizabethton . . . 1 i 6 5 59 1,848 1, 670 175 Kingsport. . . 2 i 7 31 160 4, 993 4,565 177 Morristown _ _ 2 i 8 16 90 3, 396 3,020 175 Murfreesboro • . . . . 1 i 2 3 44 1,562 1,368 178 footnotes at end of Group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $198, 279 $33, 976 $221, 545 $2, 493, 413 $9, 698 $113, 884 $2, 872, 516 $690, 780 $3, 761, 575 405 28, 407 32,538 262, 712 7,698 16. 084 319, 032 78.209 425, 648 406 31,052 26, 920 413, 325 34, 087 474, 332 108, 140 613, 524 407 24,793 10,085 28,563 365, 393 12, 008 416, 049 102,840 543, 682 408 26,886 12, 270 28, 700 377, 155 7, 043 425. 168 92, 493 544, 547 409 10, 947 36, 950 143, 270 4,650 164, 870 29,885 205, 702 410 29, 729 11, 621 33,066 373; 193 22,134 440, 014 124, 389 594, 132 411 27,211 26, 391 280,706 7, 281 314. 378 70, 918 412. 507 412 19,254 28, 417 277, 659 2,000 10, 597 318, 673 83,906 421, 833 413 344, 449 51, 811 684,596 7, 481, 300 59,700 230, 410 8, 507, 817 1, 746, 863 10, 599, 129 414 15, 462 34, 171 315,685 2,331 6,629 358, 816 76,964 451, 242 415 11,634 5, 335 31,535 350, 350 1,210 11,090 399, 520 57, 986 469, 140 416 17, 072 31, 172 364,040 2, 460 6,506 404, 178 87, 501 508, 751 417 25, 526 15,903 58, 712 731, 707 8,709 23, 437 838, 468 175, 363 1,039,357 418 20,795 30, 947 499, 937 2, 650 16, 635 550. 169 97, 093 668, 057 419 22. 419 39, 088 410, 395 1,643 25, 848 476, 974 89, 516 588, 909 420 9, 922 9,900 165, 607 2,621 178, 128 29,784 217, 834 421 16, 364 46, 262 376, 245 17, 147 439, 654 106, 254 562, 272 422 23,666 5,610 42. 790 478, 182 11,823 13, 480 551, 885 94, 457 670, 008 423 10,654 17,129 209, 138 1,059 227, 326 29,808 267, 788 424 18, 130 46, 682 296, 558 3,499 9, 369 356, 108 94, 468 468, 706 425 15,026 4,239 22, 371 290, 954 1,495 4, 426 323, 485 108, 928 447, 439 426 137, 779 20, 724 273, 837 2, 992, 502 23,880 92,163 3, 403, 106 698, 741 4, 239, 626 427 481, 010 70, 326 594, 379 6, 997, 778 56,558 210, O'. 6 7, 929, 117 1, 722, 779 10, 132, 906 428 18,786 8.750 39, 725 412, 959 50, 940 512, 374 101, 016 632, 176 429 33, 007 31,200 507, 037 12, 369 550,606 96, 230 679, 843 430 13, 602 22, 300 251, 826 10, 035 284, 161 40,743 338, 506 431 12, 761 4,500 46, 174 315. 644 9,182 375, 500 78, 865 467, 126 432 18, 585 31,550 293, 022 2, 300 326, 872 98,188 443, 645 433 20,500 9,100 18,908 452, 100 3,830 12, 120 496. 058 121, 470 638, 028 434 12,911 33,600 324, 342 7,000 5,997 370, 939 66, 302 450, 152 435 12, 452 42. 565 374, 336 2,500 16, 136 435, 537 82, 753 530, 742 436 123,160 22,500 45,000 703, 312 17, 500 10, 199 798, 511 235, 089 1, 156, 760 437 31, 197 4,800 32,200 357, 280 2,400 4,587 401,267 87, 994 520, 458 428 27, 070 48,450 574, 856 2,500 9, 352 635, 158 109, 878 772, 106 439 15, 562 27,960 373,719 4,200 5, 097 410, 976 97, 755 524,293 440 141,417 20, 676 174, 747 2, 057, 345 16, 628 61, 762 2,331,158 506, 496 2, 979, 071 ill 127, 241 8,000 305,866 4, 107, 693 47,309 216, 112 4, 684, 980 1, 283, 433 6, 095, 654 442 25. 345 73,594 1, 018, 940 19. 139 1, 111, 673 306, 547 1, 443, 565 443 16,065 67,500 850,226 22,000 39, 543 979, 269 173, 201 1, 168. 535 444 26, 678 8,000 28,859 700, 674 14, 574 36, 057 788, 164 180, 112 994, 954 445 26, 773 60,663 841, 160 10, 735 72, 194 984, 752 265, 318 1, 276, 843 446 32,380 75,250 696, 693 49, 179 821, 122 358, 255 1, 211, 757 447 131,583 40, 678 197,378 2, 699, 600 40,284 223, 926 3, 201,866 735,666 4,069,115 448 18, 827 17, 605 46,500 462, 989 6,820 35,600 569, 514 80,764 669, 105 449 23,600 3,905 20, 625 428, 235 11,689 39, 126 503, 580 133,306 660, 486 450 13, 939 9, 531 257, 357 6,455 20,356 293,699 60, 818 368, 456 451 11,459 3, 975 33,000 202, 705 17, 881 257, 561 62, 024 331,044 452 12, 214 3, 779 23, 712 197, 838 15,842 241, 171 50, 830 304, 215 453 24,391 3, 750 26,726 712, 947 12, 214 58,963 814,600 249, 352 1, 088, 343 454 16,760 3,855 28,000 299, 276 3, 106 24, 435 358, 672 69, 350 444, 782 455 10,393 3,809 9,284 138,253 11,723 163,069 29, 222 202,684 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 4S9 490 491 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily Num¬ ber of days assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) attend¬ ance schools were actually taught * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Texas _ 83 86 310 1,411 5,427 190, 148 167, 699 175 Alice - - - - 1 1 5 39 119 5,121 4, 462 175 Borger «_ - - - . - 3 1 7 55 149 4.861 4,079 175 Brownwood.. . . .. 2 2 7 30 105 3,087 2,908 175 Bryan. . . . 1 3 7 29 146 4,784 4, 193 175 Cleburne. - - 1 2 5 27 91 3,652 2, 971 175 Corsicana . - - - 2 1 6 24 114 3, 807 3, 512 174 Denison _ . - ... 1 1 5 30 110 3,958 3, 726 175 1 3 20 65 2,650 3, 307 2,384 2,965 175 Greenville _ _ 3 1 9 29 99 175 Lamesa _ _ _ 1 1 4 24 101 3,535 2,506 176 Longview - - 1 2 14 54 185 5, 661 5, 224 178 Lufkin. . - 2 2 5 33 125 4, 357 3, 979 175 Marshall.. . - - 3 2 8 34 188 5,646 5, 073 178 McKinney. . . 1 1 3 24 77 2,911 2,461 175 Mercedes _ _ 1 5 18 65 2,784 8, 071 2,291 7,574 175 Midland. - - - 4 11 12 40 225 175 New Braunfels . . 1 1 6 25 61 2,693 2,412 175 Palestine.. . . . 1 1 4 33 84 3,122 2,682 175 Pampa . . . . . 1 3 6 16 147 4, 561 3,999 176 Plainview . . . . 5 1 7 45 126 4, 860 4,087 175 Sherman. - - - 3 2 9 33 128 3,941 3, 777 175 Sweetwater . . . . 2 1 8 23 77 2, 815 2,645 175 Terrell _ 1 1 3 15 71 2, 524 2,147 175 Texarkana . . 1 4 11 32 158 5, 865 4,885 175 Vernon _ _ _ 1 1 6 19 71 2,586 2,275 175 Other cities . . . 39 40 145 660 2,540 88, 989 78, 482 175 Virginia . . . 10 6 44 183 816 27, 078 23, 017 180 Bristol ... _ _ 1 4 25 93 2,584 2,370 2,343 2,157 180 Fredericksburg _ _ _ _ 1 4 21 79 180 Harrisonburg . . . 1 1 4 15 82 2,377 2,128 180 Martinsville - - 1 1 4 16 66 2,293 2, 079 181 South Norfolk . _ 2 6 27 146 6,132 3,696 4,239 3, 320 180 Staunton . . . 1 2 7 30 117 180 Suffolk _ _ _ 1 4 11 64 1,930 1,733 1,795 180 Waynesboro _ _ - - 1 2 4 16 68 2,039 180 Winchester - - 1 7 22 101 3,657 3, 223 180 WEST _ _ _ 307 383 1, 035 6, 959 13, 852 590, 048 514, 904 177 Arizona Mesa.. . . . 4 5 10 139 140 6, 396 6, 256 170 California... . 215 254 674 4, 777 8, 948 387, 397 339, 541 177 Albany 3 6 34 99 3,803 3,690 178 Anaheim: Elementary District . 2 4 6 26 89 3,525 3, 363 177 High School District _ 2 1 37 24 1, 580 1,541 177 Antioch . . 3 4 6 46 88 3, 713 3, 768 175 Azusa: Elementary District . 3 4 21 77 3,325 2,742 176 High School District .... 2 5 37 28 1,423 1,221 2, 017 178 Burlingame 6 . 2 5 8 19 75 2, 373 180 Chula Vista: Elementary District . 4 8 10 12 148 6,485 5,055 176 High School District _ 4 9 130 94 6, 099 5, 125 177 footnotes at end of Group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other s structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) * visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $1, 601, 184 $419, 168 $1,479,258 $22, 848, 479 $318, 158|$1, 019, 318 $26,084,381 $6,045,210 $33,730,775 90,268 4, 700 29, 140 529, 253 12, 158 2, 572 577, 823 164, 032 832, 123 49, 099 5, 655 38, 272 711, 197 16, 822 52,944 824,890 278, 406 1, 152, 395 26, 656 9, 320 38, 651 442, 284 4, 140 24, 596 518, 991 73, 825 619, 472 25, 746 10, 248 41, 468 542, 413 7, 474 19, 710 621,313 101,903 748, 962 26, 687 8,620 22, 908 423, 510 1,350 13, 208 469, 596 71, 582 567. 865 32, 272 4,880 31, 671 439, 887 3,315 23,189 502, 942 100, 331 635, 545 33, 519 4,995 13, 806 472, 150 3, 961 12, 440 507, 352 110, 752 651,623 17, 471 7, 554 308, 437 3,660 17, 449 337, 100 76, 183 430, 754 27, 526 4, 500 39, 922 422, 581 3, 009 19, 637 489, 649 101, 874 619, 049 29, 214 4,664 18, 006 352, 649 6, 300 40, 024 421, 643 93, 527 544, 384 38, 509 9,000 54, 077 585, 310 12, 033 43, 142 703, 562 285, 112 1, 027, 183 31, 968 9,317 28, 273 511,912 4,265 21, 794 575, 561 149,233 756, 762 21, 095 9,000 27, 898 643, 999 6,550 34, 565 722, 012 102, 958 846, 065 25,304 4,420 11, 519 342,388 3,200 8, 896 370, 423 103, 748 499, 475 19, 242 19, 484 240, 693 10, 183 270, 360 52, 357 341,959 84, 303 60, 500 73,000 1,077,168 12,566 36, 500 1, 259, 668 272, 488 1, 616, 459 11, 824 4, 635 24, 490 261, 988 5,365 3, 228 299, 706 46, 426 357, 956 25,850 3. 878 21, 138 386, 852 5, 611 25, 773 443, 152 97, 630 566, 632 45, 941 15, 241 41,000 698, 473 16, 728 18, 462 789, 904 193, 262 1, 029, 107 44, 708 5,000 36, 728 621, 408 6,907 40, 163 710, 206 150, 135 905, 049 48, 676 10, 352 46, 189 571, 532 5,840 26, 168 660, 081 129, 221 837, 978 19,800 4,800 32, 500 359,000 4,200 3, 050 403, 550 81, 550 504,900 19, 876 4, 780 10, 796 281, 561 6,000 6,225 309, 362 80, 272 409, 510 29, 050 19, 620 46, 420 630,619 15, 355 20, 906 732, 920 217, 090 979, 060 27, 226 4, 872 32, 055 298, 122 2, 617 17, 453 355, 119 82. 153 464, 498 749, 354 196, 171 692, 293 10, 693, 093 148, 898 477, 041 12, 207, 496 2, 829, 160 15, 786, 010 121, 440 28,260 208, 374 3,011,956 67, 811 153, 367 3,469,768 727, 097 4, 318,305 10, 611 34, 198 415, 142 3, 578 25, 371 478, 289 95,290 584, 190 14, 185 8, 110 16, 798 245, 915 5, 923 10,012 286, 758 61, 173 362, 116 11,969 18,900 243, 525 4,820 5,503 272, 748 49, 314 334, 031 17, 611 10,650 32,800 491, 965 16,644 29, 798 581, 857 101, 941 701, 409 21, 727 30, 623 498, 051 11, 664 33, 761 574, 099 142, 012 737, 838 10, 189 4, 100 18, 377 248, 269 9, 811 9,449 290,006 69,001 369, 196 12, 331 5,400 24, 900 279, 874 4,061 14, 853 329,088 69, 298 410, 717 10, 573 18, 067 288, 167 3, 655 14, 621 324, 510 92, 426 427, 509 12, 244 13, 711 301, 048 7,655 9,999 332, 413 46, 642 391, 299 6,337,278 2, 086, 627 6, 389, 582 93, 451, 487 3, 170, 209 8,844, 083 113,941,988 36. 533, 679 156,812,945 44, 016 37,991 58,543 934, 360 31,092 109, 212 1, 171, 198 420,834 1, 636, 048 4, 908, 080 1, 435, 200 4, 441, 847 65, 005, 479 2,596.352 6, 732, 167 80, 211, 045 24, 700, 414 109,819,539 37, 676 37,680 636, 255 20, 211 71, 780 765, 926 224, 957 1, 028, 559 33, 025 23,900 45, 350 516, 935 5, 980 31, 184 623,349 170, 548 826. 922 36, 867 8, 000 382, 077 9,000 64,349 463, 426 200, 726 701,019 40,876 24, 020 46,200 641, 827 29, 419 56, 607 798,073 245,245 1, 084, 194 35,248 22,000 439, 867 9,544 25, 093 496,504 142, 259 674,011 29, 778 40,000 326, 702 15, 000 36,304 418, 006 150, 571 598, 355 47,550 27,500 53,860 449,950 4,176 31, 169 566,655 151, 875 766,080 73, 570 42, 591 72, 612 757, 250 30, 985 59, 697 963, 135 323, 406 1,360,111 1 142, 311 70,045 1 1,001,201 62,208 73,581 1, 207,035 476, 649 1, 825, 995 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 >485 i486 487 i 488 ;489 . 499 491 1 492 1493 i 494 ! 495 1496 1497 ! 498 I 499 l 500 501 > 502 I 503 . 504 i 505 606 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 618 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 638 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expend i GROUP III — C City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Tii Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrm sta (posit Men ctional £f i dons) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 California— Con. Colton: Elementary District . 3 2 6 28 77 3,280 High School District . 1 2 2 39 18 1, 491 Coronado _ _ _ 1 1 3 28 74 2, 133 Culver City..- . 4 12 67 123 5,050 El Centro:' Elementary District . 1 6 92 2,886 High School District _ 1 2 20 22 1, 010 Fullerton: Elementary District . 1 2 8 22 110 4, 184 High School District _ 2 1 61 44 2,096 Hawthorne * _ 3 2 8 10 148 4,718 Hayward: Elementary District _ 5 5 13 43 171 6,560 High School District _ 4 6 2 123 92 4, 770 Hermosa Beach 6 _ _ _ 3 6 22 37 2,258 Madera: Elementary District . 2 6 6 24 81 3, 214 High School District _ 1 3 28 26 1,175 Manhattan Beach 6 _ _ 5 7 21 99 3,982 Merced: Elementary District . 2 5 6 24 103 3,789 High School District _ 1 3 44 35 2,410 Modesto . . . 3 6 23 379 190 16,253 Monrovia: Elementary District . 1 4 8 128 4,896 High School District _ 2 1 3 42 37 1,820 Montebello . . . . 6 11 34 206 384 17, 065 Monterey _ _ _ 2 6 18 68 204 7, 186 Napa: Elementary District . 5 8 76 2,567 High School District _ 1 5 3 77 35 2,896 National City 8.. _ 1 5 10 104 3, 467 Ontario: Elementary District _ 2 3 9 11 165 6,860 High School District _ 1 2 124 42 3,800 Orange . . . . 2 1 9 46 73 3,280 Oxnard: Elementary District. ... 4 1 8 34 119 4, 411 High School District. _- 2 2 39 34 1, 693 Petaluma _ _ 1 4 5 36 70 2, 838 Piedmont _ _ 1 6 29 52 2, 223 San Marino _ 3 6 14 86 2,458 Santa Clara. . . . . 1 1 6 22 78 2,950 Santa Paula: Elementary District . 2 1 4 20 51 2,169 High School District _ 3 24 12 867 Santa Rose _ _ _ 1 5 12 65 142 5,747 South Pasadena . . 2 6 29 72 2,813 South San Francisco . . 2 2 9 43 155 5, 240 Torrance . . . . 5 20 94 228 9, 880 Tulare: Elementary District . 1 1 6 9 103 3,043 High School District _ 1 4 2 34 34 1, 457 Ventura: Elementary District . 2 2 5 15 68 3,298 High School District _ 2 2 7 94 93 3, 020 Visalia: Elementary District _ 1 1 7 35 112 3,860 High School District... . 1 2 55 33 1, 975 Watsonville . 1 3 4 37 80 3,609 footnotes at end of Group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other 3 structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) 5 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $38,055 $11,935 $37, 388 $348, 170 $9,048 $21, 977 $428, 518 $79, 296 $545, 869 506 13, 206 12,000 12,000 262, 221 9,000 50, 921 346, 142 71, 758 431, 106 507 28, 003 3,300 23, 140 464, 130 16, 297 44,821 551, 688 138, 731 718, 422 508 62, 713 99, 462 854, 962 42, 572 50, 584 1, 047, 580 335, 924 1, 446, 217 509 13,038 30, 000 414, 000 6,000 30, 650 480, 650 117, 432 611, 120 510 20, 097 13' 000 229' 725 29,604 272, 329 111, 179 403,605 511 26, 312 9,000 54, 535 573, 897 21, 292 43, 698 702, 422 193, 768 922, 502 512 46, 611 7,100 528, 587 23,732 63, 419 622, 838 228, 251 897. 700 513 44,644 11,000 48,000 764, 457 5,800 44, 922 874, 179 263, 333 1, 182, 156 514 86, 461 30,040 89,060 973, 032 43, 022 94, 605 1, 229, 759 312, 146 1, 628, 366 515 98, 543 47,460 19, 006 1, 134, 067 41, 528 140, 169 1, 382, 230 563, 123 2, 043, 896 516 29,968 32,090 245,545 12, 607 13, 510 303, 752 114, 755 448, 475 517 25, 307 30,000 31,800 430,343 12,500 25,790 530, 433 138, 685 694,425 518 38, 828 18, 000 245, 020 6,000 22, 915 291, 935 145, 191 475, 954 519 45,632 37, 436 499, 440 24,823 40, 265 601, 964 234, 675 882, 271 520 25, 924 16,500 32,700 494, 056 8, 979 39, 549 591, 784 137,882 755, 590 521 19, 062 21,600 412, 477 13, 233 35. 506 482, 816 148, 142 650, 020 522 196, 176 27,505 159, 639 2,457,853 156, 717 384, 118 3,185,832 904, 363 4, 286, 371 523 33,126 18, 140 41, 595 604, 091 26, 119 28, 931 718,876 297, 252 1, 049, 254 524 43, 169 6, 500 21,000 487,863 40, 000 76, 917 632, 280 191, 996 867, 445 525 173,604 76,655 230, 831 2, 922, 166 142, 481 225, 335 3, 597, 468 955, 920 4, 726, 992 526 107, 165 51,000 144, 000 1, 441, 600 54,000 126, 176 1, 816, 776 540, 854 2, 464, 795 527 14,966 32,020 374, 851 10,024 20,008 436, 903 122, 438 574, 307 528 23, 445 25, 690 19, 500 564, 4C‘3 28,845 74, 558 712, 996 258, 231 994, 672 529 29,301 30,750 539, 790 17, 018 60,406 647,964 111,918 789, 183 530 39, 051 26,077 69,334 835, 764 37, 410 55, 563 1, 024, 148 353, 183 1, 416, 382 531 63,894 12,000 913, 000 30,000 173, 114 1, 128,114 409, 700 1, 601, 708 532 40,505 6,000 49,500 547, 400 18,000 63, 376 684, 276 233, 393 958, 174 533 66, 211 6,300 52,500 669, 868 27, 057 58, 303 814, 028 167, 329 1, 047, 568 534 44,155 12,000 365,000 23,000 55, 015 455, 015 267, 324 766, 494 535 37,680 17,600 27, 500 508, 503 20, 221 34, 513 608, 337 208,443 854, 460 536 41, 153 40,660 389, 250 10, 339 33, 436 473, 685 168, 224 683, 062 537 35, 708 37,200 479, 070 10,800 36, 003 563, 073 199, 808 798, 589 538 38,730 6,000 38,018 500,000 15,000 35, 453 594, 471 196, 638 829, 839 539 27, 292 5,400 22,400 344,305 18,947 391, 052 122, 850 541, 194 540 37, 172 191, 813 3, 592 17, 567 212, 972 93, 518 343, 662 541 56, 415 30,000 78,000 970, 416 33,000 100, 816 1, 212, 232 320, 716 1, 589, 363 542 61, 525 39, 000 555,500 38, 400 169, 558 802, 458 210, 502 1, 074, 485 543 34,853 9,520 50,128 833, 917 20,340 88, 059 1, 001, 964 220, 810 1. 257, 627 544 98, 237 115,906 1, 450, 417 73, 195 120, 343 1,759,861 536, 019 2,394,117 545 31, 326 6,000 33,000 448,000 7,500 85, 452 579, 952 145, 702 756, 980 546 25, 257 22,000 12,000 352, 104 10,000 109, 589 505, 693 175, 367 706,317 547 38,227 13,800 35, 700 412, 231 12,336 24, 876 498, 943 148, 620 685,790 548 98, 646 14,000 56,000 1, 271,868 21,000 142,867 1, 505, 735 349, 695 1, 954, 076 549 19, 352 5,562 40,300 533,908 12,944 27,555 620,269 202, 225 841,846 550 21, 167 12,800 357, 817 13,291 46, 487 430, 395 190, 459 642, 021 551 39, 186 17,028 27,200 549, 074 36,758 51,308 681, 368 209,988 930,542 552 398312—56 - 7 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 5, SO 581 582 583 584 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3 .—-Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 California— Con. Whittier: Elementary Distiict . 5 4 15 41 148 5,533 4,721 178 High School District . 2 32 3 151 69 5,158 4,384 177 Other cities _ _ _ 86 102 271 1,920 3,597 155, 733 136, 495 177 Colorado _ _ _ 10 16 51 249 735 26, 202 23, 356 180 2 10 52 174 6, 234 5, 977 180 Boulder _ _ _ 2 3 10 36 125 3, 849 3, 678 178 Englewood _ . . . 2 3 9 52 138 5,391 5, 084 180 Fort Collins . . 1 6 7 38 106 3,528 2,893 180 Greeley . . . - 2 2 7 52 115 4, 957 3, 825 180 Trinidad _ _ . 1 2 8 19 77 2,243 1,899 180 Idaho. _ _ 10 6 41 223 609 26, 219 23, 082 174 Caldwell . . 1 4 15 61 2,648 2,222 173 Coeur d’Alene . . . 1 2 32 73 3, 388 2, 983 174 Idaho Falls. _ . . 3 10 50 136 6, 301 5,417 172 Lewiston _ _ 2 3 7 39 77 3, 341 3, 143 177 Moscow _ _ _ 1 4 12 49 1, 500 1, 325 172 Nampa _ _ _ 1 . 1 6 37 103 4, 442 3, 816 174 Twin Falls _ 1 2 8 38 110 4, 599 4,176 175 Montana _ _ 7 5 30 146 353 13, 396 11, 945 182 Anaconda _ 1 4 24 48 2,040 1, 822 180 Bozeman: Elementary District _ 2 4 6 4 58 1,817 1, 664 180 High School District _ 1 1 19 10 660 621 181 Helena _ _ 1 6 37 91 3, 236 2,935 183 Missoula: Elementary District _ 1 1 11 27 124 4, 122 3, 581 185 High-School District _ 1 2 35 22 1,521 1, 322 183 New Mexico. . 7 6 36 223 562 23, 162 19, 293 176 Carlsbad _ _ 2 4 13 88 202 7,272 6, 771 180 Clovis _ 1 8 42 125 4, 364 3, 775 180 Hobbs _ 3 10 54 122 6, 947 4, 826 172 Las Cruces _ _ 1 2 5 39 113 4, 579 3, 921 172 Oregon _ _ 12 33 57 359 683 27, 158 23, 994 183 Albany . . 3 7 8 36 70 2, 815 2,524 178 Astoria _ 1 1 4 67 29 1,871 1,776 179 Bend . . . 1 3 4 31 78 2, 711 2, 389 181 Corvallis.. _ _ 1 1 7 41 69 3, 007 2, 685 187 Klamath Falls _ 1 6 8 56 112 4, 072 3,498 183 Medford _ _ _ 1 4 6 48 109 4, 392 3, 859 183 Pendleton _ _ 1 7 6 22 79 2,637 2,246 178 Springfield _ 3 4 14 58 137 5, 653 5, 017 187 Utah Logan . . . . 2 4 7 40 64 3, 436 3, 103 175 See footnotes at end of Group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 8 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $82, 833 96, 201 1, 973, 047 $22, 128 156, 099 576, 950 $88, 831 24, 850 1, 785, 621 $793, 423 1, 181, 837 26, 132, 184 $35,328 84,948 1, 043, 733 $44, 403 194, 117 2, 706, 329 $984, 113 1, 641, 851 32,244, 817 $289, 313 547, 550 9, 929, 559 $1,356,259 i 2,285,602 44, 147, 423 177, 222 68,545 228, 435 3, 309, 494 68,798 187, 426 3, 862, 698 1,171.981 5, 211, 901 34,371 34,966 32,304 22, 784 34,453 18.344 36, 710 54, 519 48, 435 23, 840 36, 733 28,198 581,744 643, 025 687,504 469, 431 622, 418 305, 372 17, 141 12, 373 12,293 7.543 17, 573 1,875 41. 921 32,093 52,764 18,948 26, 565 15, 135 677, 516 752, 766 817, 142 544, 080 714, 339 356, 855 167, 785 238, 795 237,524 174, 410 246, 516 106, 951 879, 672 1, 026, 527 1, 086, 970 741, 274 995, 308 482,150 10,756 16, 146 24, 318 11, 050 6, 275 144, 803 25,231 184, 787 2, 916, 303 50,288 211, 491 3, 388, 100 1, 070, 768 4, 603, 671 411, 021 537, 922 1, 132, 019 776, 363 319, 641 674, 763 751, 942 16, 116 21, 414 36, 772 26,430 12, 252 14, 936 16,883 18,278 9,257 44, 310 37,380 18, 077 27,816 29, 669 263, 519 358,125 713, 521 457, 517 192. 874 459, 397 471, 350 3,136 4,750 11,684 10, 431 4,816 11,451 4, 020 21, 020 21, 370 48, 447 50, 076 19, 242 31, 495 19, 841 305, 953 393, 502 817, 962 564, 544 235, 009 535, 264 535, 866 88, 952 123, 006 277, 285 185, 389 72,380 124, 563 199, 193 9,140 5,105 10, 986 116, 092 27, 935 153, 367 1, 987, 426 12, 892 163, 987 2, 345, 607 804,381 3, 266, 080 17, 786 15, 192 8, 599 28, 986 25,500 20, 029 21,700 28,800 7,200 29,769 55, 637 10, 261 309, 169 212, 180 129, 448 525,668 567, 260 3,000 14, 472 18, 025 10, 784 59, 654 42, 656 18, 396 348,341 281,882 147, 432 624,983 670, 611 272, 358 134,123 70. 719 43, 786 250, 048 172, 361 133, 344 500,250 367, 793 199, 817 904,017 868, 472 425, 731 22,877 9,892 5, 058 243, 701 108,940 26,954 210, 108 3, 263, 761 52, 499 142, 886 3, 696, 208 1, 128, 759 4, 933, 907 28, 710 10, 730 49, 428 20, 072 17,454 88, 108 36,000 57, 363 28, 637 1, 196, 657 665, 208 794, 092 607, 804 29, 750 8, 789 6,000 7,960 67, 825 14, 749 40, 081 20, 231 1, 399, 794 724, 746 897, 536 674, 132 506, 240 146, 417 3G9, 380 106, 722 1, 934, 744 881, 893 1, 316, 344 800, 926 9,500 233, 914 177, 316 326, 681 4, 470, 173 97, 794 348, 023 5, 419, 987 2, 237, 775 7, 891, 676 34, 741 22, 110 21,916 27, 868 33, 226 26, 459 26, 536 41, 058 35,000 4, 500 13, 275 6, 541 33,000 25,000 42,000 18,000 55,019 26,600 25, 050 30, 333 49,884 33, 267 41, 850 64, 678 445, 495 415, 878 474, 451 486, 484 790, 538 722, 193 401, 511 733,623 10,899 3, 483 10, 746 12, 624 24, 579 12,444 10, 572 12, 447 30, 635 32, 777 30, 321 32, 090 68, 523 54, 132 37, 209 62, 336 577, 048 483. 238 553, 843 568, 072 966, 524 847, 036 533, 142 891, 084 216, 893 118, 321 195, 016 219, 428 348,366 344, 875 241, 657 553, 219 828,682 623, 669 770, 775 815, 368 1, 348, 116 1, 218, 370 801, 335 1, 485, 361 19, 957 16, 681 35,442 379, 718 6,238 47, 155 485, 234 162, 562 667,753 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 .585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III —CITIES OF 10,000 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily Num¬ ber of days assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) attend¬ ance schools were actually taught1 * 3 4 * 6 7 > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 593 Washington . 35 37 101 680 1, 367 62, 146 52, 152 179 594 Aberdeen 8 . . .. 2 4 10 66 98 4,841 4, 252 2, 346 176 595 Hoquiam . . . 2 4 6 28 63 2,681 180 596 Kennewick _ _ 3 6 51 112 5, 519 4, 264 180 597 Longview 8 _ _ 2 3 12 86 138 6, 628 5, 467 180 598 Olympia _ _ 2 2 7 58 107 4,698 4, 047 179 599 Pasco. 3 4 31 71 3, 678 3, 724 2,845 180 600 Port Angeles _ 3 3 6 42 78 3,156 180 601 Pullman.. _ _ 1 5 5 12 39 1,432 1,338 180 602 Puyallup... . . — . — .. 2 3 5 51 71 3,939 3, 193 178 603 Renton - 4 7 10 63 162 6, 917 5,903 180 604 Richland. _ _ . 7 11 88 201 8, 798 7, 405 180 605 Walla Walla _ 2 6 10 48 99 4, 283 3, 668 180 606 Wenatchee 8 _ _ 2 9 56 128 5, 008 4, 268 180 607 Wyoming _ 5 17 28 123 391 14,536 12, 182 180 608 Casper 8 . . 2 12 13 49 200 6,852 5,394 182 609 Laramie _ _ _ 1 1 7 25 65 2,754 2, 377 176 610 Rock Springs _ 1 3 23 62 2,397 1, 967 179 611 Sheridan . 1 4 5 26 64 2,533 2,444 181 1 Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychology work, etc., provided that half or more than half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. 3 The actual number of days in the school year that instruction was provided. 3 Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where textbooks or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any furnished to pupils gratis is classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of School Plant, (2) Maintenance of School Plant, (3) Auxiliary School Services, and (4) Fixed Charges. s Grand total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17. 6 Elementary school data, only. 7 Data for 1951-52 used in lieu of that for 1953-54. 8 Includes junior college data. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54r— Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts < Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $479, 373 $190, 299 $605, 887 $8,986,939 $245, 606 $739, 620 $10,768,351 $3,953,245 $15,200,969 593 30, 527 21, 690 41, 724 48, 912 28, 521 23. 144 27,372 13, 300 32, 408 77. 145 73, 178 31, 061 30, 391 19, 552 16, 830 53, 454 32, 711 35, 975 77, 090 43, 173 24, 695 37, 585 23, 760 38, 612 62, 110 69, 012 57, 510 50, 200 726, 186 378, 167 671, 741 996, 537 738, 206 491, 245 528, 004 217, 732 538, 150 994, 427 1, 279, 559 636, 399 790, 586 26, 191 5, 480 14, 658 35, 060 20, 594 12, 330 7, 263 3,200 11, 438 38, 480 34, 896 13, 197 22, 819 68, 968 23, 605 59, 951 75, 584 48, 701 58, 865 51, 790 21, 938 39, 183 83, 635 88, 944 63,053 55, 403 894, 351 456, 793 782, 325 1, 204, 782 863, 534 537, 135 641, 648 289, 970 644, 963 1, 208, 277 1,472,411 803, 154 919, 008 255, 898 175, 480 340, 999 378, 475 299, 781 238, 791 277, 896 121, 898 233, 045 410, 507 541, 182 330, 247 349, 046 1, 180, 776 653, 963 1, 165, 048 1, 632, 169 1, 191, 836 849, 070 946, 916 425, 168 910, 416 1, 695, 929 2, 086, 771 1, 164, 462 1, 298, 445 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 20, 511 12, 860 17, 006 23, 340 17, 580 29, 625 32, 995 104, 881 80, 475 144, 485 2, 197, 834 8,650 162, 116 2, 593, 560 882, 960 3, 581, 401 607 58,947 14, 930 13, 034 17,970 57, 600 4,500 72, 298 31, 500 13, 237 27, 450 1, 148,928 375, 879 337, 107 335, 920 4,000 89, 152 20, 965 32, 124 19, 875 1,371,978 432, 844 382, 468 406, 270 468, 012 107, 341 130, 467 177, 140 1, 898, 937 555, 115 525, 969 601, 380 608 609 610 611 18, 375 4,650 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Continental United States. 1,304 635 3,299 19,080 52,031 1.932,109 1,703,435 179 1 2 NORTHEAST _ 400 266 744 5,766 14, 602 514, 205 461, 441 180| 3 Connecticut _ 11 11 41 186 519 20,538 17, 350 181 4 Darien .... 2 5 7 43 95 3,200 2,807 183 5 1 11 48 118 5, 256 4, 357 180 6 1 3 13 29 1,071 944 181 7 1 1 20 46 1, 777 1, 472 181 8 Southington _ _ _ 3 1 7 29 83 3, 591 2, 938 180 9 1 1 12 33 1,209 1,004 180 10 Thompsonville _ _ _ _ 1 3 8 15 70 2, 965 2, 468 180 11 Winsted _ _ ... .. ... 1 2 3 6 45 1,469 1,300 180 12 Maine.. . ... _ _ 12 3 30 213 563 19,490 17, 982 181 13 Belfast 6 _ 1 1 2 8 35 1, 298 1,190 180 14 Brewer _ 1 1 20 46 1, 582 1,479 182 15 Brunswick. . _ . . 1 3 23 66 2,023 1,878 180 16 Gardiner _ .. _ 1 7 9 43 1,735 1,608 180 17 Houlton 1 2 15 44 1,458 1, 298 180 18 Kittery _ 1 1 17 54 1, 690 1, 556 184 19 Millinocket ..... 1 1 16 40 1,119 1, 061 180 20 Old Town 1 4 18 40 1, 518 1, 406 181 21 Presque Isle _ . 1 1 4 19 63 2, 310 2,113 180 22 Rockland _ ... _ 1 1 1 22 52 1,831 1,679 184 23 Rumford Town. _ ... . 1 1 29 41 1, 528 1,437 184 24 Skowhegan _ . . . 1 3 17 39 1,398 1,277 180 25 Massachusetts. . 35 91 87 456 1,293 47, 208 43, 584 177 26 Abington _ _ .. . 1 4 3 16 46 1,731 1,580 175 27 Concord . . ... .. . 1 3 3 25 51 1,699 1, 590 180 28 Dracut _ _ _ _ 1 1 6 13 40 1,378 1, 258 175 29 Franklin... ... ... ... 1 3 2 10 45 1,551 1,438 173 30 Great Barrington 1 4 12 38 1,227 1, 112 176 31 Hudson _ _ . . _ 1 4 1 13 31 1,132 1,014 173 32 Longmeadow .. .. _ 1 1 46 1,365 1,300 181 33 Ludlow _ _ . . _ 2 4 1 18 30 1,325 1,226 179 34 Mansfield _ . .. _ 1 3 2 16 39 1,529 1,433 176 35 Maynard _ _ _ 1 3 1 12 31 1,146 1,068 172 36 Millsbury . . . 1 3 2 17 40 1,562 1,461 181 37 North Andover... . . 1 5 1 10 33 1,134 1, 074 175 38 Rockland . _ _ _ _ 1 3 1 19 43 1,527 1,413 177 39 Spencer _ ... . _ 1 5 14 20 1,070 976 179 40 Walpole _ .. . 1 7 7 16 60 2, 295 1, 982 180 41 Ware _ .. .. ... _ 1 2 1 8 25 838 805 176 42 Whitman . ... ... _. ... 1 2 4 16 48 1,803 1,716 177 43 Other cities _ _ 17 44 42 221 627 22, 896 21, 138 177 44 New Hampshire.. . 8 2 16 80 216 8,246 7, 291 179 45 Derrv . 1 1 8 29 1,072 976 177 46 Exeter 1 2 8 22 1,023 950 177 47 | Franklin _ . 1 2 16 28 1,052 935 181 48 Lebanon 1 5 11 47 1,587 1,411 177 49 Milford _ 2 2 3 15 47 1,705 1,352 180 50 Newport _ . _ 1 1 11 30 1, 183 1,096 180 51 Somersworth _ 1 2 11 13 624 571 180 See footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) * Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $19,144,863 $3,036,569 $16,773,947 $257, 582, 006 $4,015,319 $19,464,779 $300,872, 620 '$100,683,158 $420,700,641 5, 908, 188 1, 251, 932 4, 041, 968 76, 257, 238 1, 443, 439 7, 099, 710 90, 094, 287 32, 634, 867 128,637,342 143, 893 50,961 215, 918 2,846, 753 34, 167 197, 603 3, 345, 402 1, 031, 897 4, 521, 192 32, 159 29, 279 13, 336 10, 937 25, 135 9.248 13. 525 10, 274 25, 131 50, 919 54, 365 14. 200 5,625 38, 675 5, 334 32, 900 13, 900 686, 186 631, 612 166, 951 248, 547 420, 553 167, 935 345, 059 179, 910 16, 040 2, 554 1,909 2,955 7, 159 34, 595 47, 090 17, 551 15, 015 22, 211 12, 503 30, 138 18, 500 812, 871 735, 621 200, 611 272, 142 493, 348 185, 772 422, 147 222, 890 198, 971 205, 611 85, 386 94, 368 148, 390 63, 538 124, 885 110, 748 1, 044, 001 970, 511 299, 333 377, 447 666, 873 258, 558 560, 557 343, 912 3, 464, 920 4, 750 10,500 10,580 3, 550 66, 334 11, 104 125, 507 2, 186, 789 28, 413 228, 618 2, 580, 431 818, 155 6,391 6, 188 6,250 6,053 3, 671 5,024 4, 610 6, 775 5. 196 4,747 7,370 5,059 3,288 5,634 4, 437 10,540 24, 500 9,400 4, 381 5,700 22, 550 16, 997 4, 100 5,500 11, 768 90, 724 225, 190 212, 111 135, 200 164, 576 144, 204 181, 354 155,883 265, 402 206, 236 245, 000 160, 909 10, 239 5, 686 24, 127 9, 161 8, 524 6,983 12, 090 15, 060 21, 951 16, 912 80, 052 17, 833 109, 885 235, 313 254, 978 168, 861 182, 500 157, 328 202, 444 193, 493 311, 658 233, 309 340, 152 190, 510 25, 805 77, 025 77, 302 42, 241 49, 939 81, 498 65, 045 74, 976 62, 453 58, 323 147, 550 55, 998 142, 081 318, 526 337, 530 217, 155 236, 110 243, 850 272, 099 275, 244 379, 307 296. 379 495, 072 251, 567 8,200 1,760 3,300 3,308 4,508 4, 000 1, 553 9,600 407,523 400, 928 419, 880 6, 143,085 86, 448 476, 736 7, 527, 077 2, 578, 992 10, 513, 592 26, 581 19, 761 10, 012 14, 411 9, 212 16, 847 17, 475 5,500 11, 857 16, 782 18, 633 28, 300 9, 037 16, 100 4, 917 5,500 5,933 9, 600 3,800 10, 362 4,700 5, 450 19, 500 29,200 4, 246 24, 178 203, 642 221, 053 307, 326 127, 598 185, 102 170, 563 147, 188 219, 272 172, 614 181, 488 144, 881 199, 686 164, 084 187, 842 107, 613 308, 390 103, 152 215,837 2, 979, 396 4, 962 10, 635 3, 500 8, 348 30, 204 6,682 16, 538 8,888 14, 721 17, 858 11,454 14, 142 10, 766 15, 496 14, 348 17, 100 12, 040 22, 061 3,360 21,513 231, 217 267, 992 384, 273 171, 580 222, 534 197, 501 183, 163 242, 630 208, 219 216, 430 172, 408 241, 269 207, 638 223, 792 139, 153 398, 470 124, 021 275, 372 3, 650, 632 108, 792 137, 797 65, 166 102, 159 71, 782 36, 378 64, 855 69, 742 75, 000 44, 484 89, 609 53, 997 78, 895 57, 194 114, 729 89, 363 68, 239 1, 250, 811 403, 365 541, 831 246, 758 339, 104 278, 495 228, 471 320, 833 291, 554 303, 075 227, 315 341, 757 274, 325 313,703 203, 590 526, 081 222, 188 352, 055 5, 099, 092 1, 950 2,460 8, 930 13, 348 13, 593 11, 645 10, 423 10, 879 12, 690 11, 016 7,243 12,882 8, 804 8, 444 197, 649 13, 877 15, 393 11,200 10, 561 13, 671 22, 195 11,400 2,825 2,400 2, 054 2,311 2,000 32, 215 13,263 11,024 194, 450 6,604 2,820 41, 927 70, 927 6, 284 69, 373 963,463 10,268 64, 674 1,114, 062 470,617 1, 655, 606 9,526 9, 921 7,962 13, 574 16, 553 8, 371 5, 020 4, 000 10, 180 9, 378 21, 475 11,340 4, 600 8,400 — 99,294 149, 842 138. 938 189, 809 182, 361 128,830 74, 389 8. 727 13, 321 7, 846 14, 283 6,310 11, 068 3,119 112, 021 177, 253 159, 029 226, 779 206, 295 144, 498 88, 187 64, 979 63, 991 46, 650 86, 445 129, 004 51, 697 27, 851 186, 526 251, 165 213, 641 326, 798 351, 852 204, 566 121, 058 3, 910 2,867 1, 212 6,284 1 _ 2,279 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV —CITIES OF 5,000 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (posil Men ctional ff i tions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New Jersey . . 92 9 160 992 2,966 101, 295 89, 135 181 1 3 19 58 2, 174 1,944 180 3 2 26 47 1, 782 1, 557 182 6 5 31 65 1,946 1,806 181 4 2 38 79 2, 841 2, 542 180 East Rutherford . 1 2 5 16 50 1. 398 1,257 184 1 5 37 1, 097 947 183 Glen Ridge _ 2 3 23 42 1,402 1, 249 182 2 3 11 56 1,702 1, 530 182 1 1 2 21 570 507 180 1 3 22 52 2,135 1, 911 180 1 2 15 43 1, 440 1,267 180 1 4 21 50 1, 673 1, 461 183 1 2 14 40 1, 375 1, 174 181 Maywood - _ 1 1 6 41 1,262 1, 127 180 Moorestown 1 2 20 74 2, 551 2,210 180 New Milford 1 2 12 58 2,096 1,816 180 Newton _ 2 2 28 60 2,145 1,885 180 Ocean City 1 2 22 32 1,262 1, 042 181 Oceanport 7 _ 1 1 12 379 296 183 Palmyra . _ . 1 2 3 22 38 1, 577 1,363 186 Penns Grove _ 1 4 20 85 3,079 2,757 182 Pitman 1 3 19 50 1,794 1,590 183 Prospect Park _ 1 1 2 11 435 369 183 Raritan _ 1 6 12 69 2,197 1, 915 181 Ridgefield . . -- 1 4 9 38 1, 192 1, 016 181 River Edge _ - . - 1 2 16 49 1,791 1,590 181 Secaucus _ _ _ - --- 1 2 5 30 904 814 180 South Plainfield 1 3 15 61 2,037 1,734 180 Tenafly _ 2 1 4 40 77; 2,727 2,409 181 Totowa _ _ 1 3 34 1,059 939 183 Ventnor _ _ 2 2 3 28 793 656 180 Westwood 1 4 20 55 1, 978 1, 734 181 Wood-Ridge . . 2 2 11 36 1,096 1,006 183 Other cities _ _ 43 4 75 464 1, 388 47, 406 41, 715 181 New York. . . . 87 79 193 1,402 3,782 117, 257 102, 807 181 Bronxville. . . . 3 1 2 23 48 1, 167 1,057 180 Dansville _ 1 2 23 61 1,691 1,488 181 Dobbs Ferry _ _ 1 2 14 37 1,040 924 180 East Aurora . . . 1 5 45 106 2,762 2,411 192 Elmira Heights _ 1 3 21 43 1,773 1, 564 190 Fredonia _ 1 4 2 11 25 1,057 914 191 Great Neck... . . . 5 8 12 129 295 7,761 7,004 179 Haverstraw _ 2 2 16 35 1,327 1,148 176 Herkimer _ _ 1 1 1 24 52 1,588 1, 364 191 Hion - - 1 1 4 15 58 1,742 1, 457 185 Lancaster _ 1 5 21 67 2,049 1,818 185 Lindenhurst _ _ 1 6 45 105 3,760 3, 078 176 Little Falls _ 1 1 3 16 53 1,702 1, 509 179 Malverne... _ _ . 1 3 4 26 78 2,796 2,447 178 Mechanicville... . . 2 2 3 12 69 1,642 1,505 182 Norwich _ _ _ 1 1 2 20 62 2, 042 1,643 179 Owego... _ _ _ ... 1 3 3 18 49 1,882 • 1, 666 180 Penn Yan . . . 1 3 1 23 83 2, 337 2,095 178 Port Jervis _ 1 l 6 22 51 2,051 1,831 181 Pottsdam.. . . 1 1 15 26 928 819 175 Salamanca . . . . 1 1 2 16 54 1,606 1,427 180 Saranac Lake _ 1 5 16 38 1,346 1, 218 182 Scotia. .. . . . . 1 3 7 30 114 3, 253 2,890 180 Seneca Falls _ 1 3 15 51 1,603 1, 431 179 See footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 95 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953—54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts * accounts Teachers Other 3 structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) 5 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $1, 196, 671 $45, 536 $944, 483 $15, 294, 984 $347, 419 $1, 264, 194 $17, 896, 616 $6, 697, 577 $25,790,864 17, 836 17,956 277, 821 5, 361 29,261 330, 399 86, 520 434, 755 23, 605 11,700 303, 832 10,154 36, 897 362,583 86, 638 472, 826 25, 615 28, 918 365, 819 10, 516 34, 159 439, 412 94, 561 559,588 32, 602 17, 892 517, 220 20, 575 35, 305 590, 992 182, 325 805, 919 13, 873 8, 100 27, 975 236, 059 4,300 20,563 296, 997 107, 382 418, 252 20, 787 139, 322 15, 796 155, 118 128, 513 304, 418 26; 123 23, 737 300,947 ll, 38i 21, 5S3 357, 648 119,012 502, 783 24,033 17, 325 274,640 4, 491 17, 014 313, 470 89,061 426,564 4, 550 5,200 79, 766 2, 350 3,053 90, 369 77, 590 172, 509 21,305 18, 250 286, 104 6,600 14, 769 325, 723 98, 092 445,120 23, 381 8, 250 200, 506 3,863 17, 637 230, 256 92,700 346, 337 23, 531 22,700 270, 350 4,350 22, 654 320, 054 142, 190 485, 775 11,065 11,000 197, 606 5,228 17, 183 231,015 77, 317 319, 397 20, 896 4, 375 185, 715 16, 251 206, 341 125, 528 352, 765 20; 442 13,000 379; 543 15, 842 31, 961 440, 346 117, 696 578, 484 23, 127 10,900 238, 925 1,000 16,640 267, 465 72, 734 363, 326 18, 315 15, 894 319, 277 4, 812 30,715 370, 698 71, 592 460, 605 17, 967 12,150 222, 203 6,177 18, 779 259, 309 98,080 375, 356 3, 070 4,900 40, 706 3,783 49,389 26, 407 78, 866 12, 615 8, 925 13,386 220, 132 1,018 22, 857 266, 318 67,404 346, 337 16,350 20, 269 380,187 4,718 15, 939 421,113 121, 932 559, 395 14, 108 14, 900 237,059 3, 794 31, 799 287, 552 59,654 361, 314 5, 558 5, 131 45, 981 2,015 53, 127 19, 112 77, 797 29, 258 35,700 338, 259 4,843 24, 921 403, 723 350, 513 783, 494 20, 503 20, 873 179, 589 1,600 11, 861 213, 923 166, 060 400, 486 25, 303 11, 595 276, 868 4, 578 15. 613 308, 654 105, 897 439, 854 17, 473 9,500 121, 120 7, 091 137, 711 77, 271 232, 455 18, 667 22, 389 241, 632 6, 168 23, 930 294, 119 167, 457 480, 243 31, 579 7, 200 29, 350 516, 685 22,025 48, 244 623, 504 156, 867 811,950 11, 751 109, 968 9,235 119, 193 51, 486 182, 430 15, 070 8, 750 120, 009 2, 520 6,535 137, 814 58, 294 211,178 25,700 26,000 321, 700 12, 730 29, 176 389, 606 148, 721 564, 027 20, 571 12,500 191, 392 3, 835 19, 332 227, 059 118, 505 366, 135 560,042 21, 311 442,018 7,158,052 162, 592 591, 643 8, 375, 616 3,134,466 12,070, 124 1, 632, 282 427, 332 1, 142, 159 21, 318, 945 595, 660 2, 307, 287 25, 791, 383 10, 606, 629 38, 030, 294 41, 697 8,200 19,500 433, 885 19,085 36, 915 517, 585 180, 680 739, 962 16, 675 16, 214 299, 713 10,244 21,866 348, 037 173, 886 538, 598 20, 970 14, 017 242, 298 6, 358 23, 375 286, 048 118, 377 425, 395 35, 447 27, 625 528, 305 15, 957 52,039 623, 926 228, 382 887, 755 18, 782 16, 850 248, 758 2, 785 20,221 288, 614 101,951 409, 347 12, 678 16, 850 9, 050 136,604 17, 704 180, 208 55, 491 248, 377 150, 345 53,600 83. 067 2,081,118 98, 835 357, 273 2, 673, 893 1,071,341 3, 895, 579 25, 951 14,900 217, 103 3, 350 42, 516 277, 869 90, 443 394, 263 16, 621 5,500 6,800 281,306 5, 720 16,224 315, 550 112, 930 445. 101 16, 752 5,590 18,082 272, 240 2, 410 19, 927 318, 249 155, 286 490, 287 23, 452 25, 179 350,050 8, 771 32, 209 416, 209 133, 582 573, 243 17, 275 31,916 533, 160 16, 808 60, 654 642, 538 273, 218 933,031 19, 344 3, 650 14, 866 257, 995 4, 303 23, 908 304, 722 200, 791 524, 857 31, 979 14,150 30, 650 488, 687 14, 912 37, 631 586, 030 215, 954 833, 963 25, 303 8,800 16,800 314, 725 3,150 8, 289 351, 764 111,980 489. 047 24,748 6,300 11,500 318, 528 4,800 51, 573 392, 701 182, 630 600,079 21, 561 10,040 12,450 240,463 9, 803 16, 799 289, 555 111,255 422, 371 21,049 16,700 3, 600 372, 548 7, 107 36,011 435, 966 245,644 702, 659 22, 979 4, 628 23, 591 269, 051 6,022 16, 476 319, 768 153, 291 496, 038 13, 654 5,000 145, 388 7, 483 157, 871 54, 473 225, 998 19, 966 4, 750 10, 550 263, 834 4, 569 20, 623 304, 326 119, 406 443, 698 19. 578 24, 028 223 268 19, 913 ; 267, 209 ' 127, 623 414,410 37, 573 15, 200 44, 717 545, 932 16,406 69,052 691, 307 281,016 1, 009, 896 20,4011 _ _ 1 16, 750 263,607 ; 2,350 27,688 310, 395 138, 763 469, 559 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV. — CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui sta (posit Men ctional ff i ;ions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New York— Con. Solvay _ _ 2 5 3 15 76 2, 186 1,947 179 1 2 14 41 1, 010 885 183 1 2 22 50 1, 702 1, 523 191 WellsvUle _ 1 3 2 26 68 2,347 2,044 183 8 5 33 64 2 589 2. 147 180 Other cities - 42 38 93 676 1,823 56, 518 49, 553 181 Pennsylvania . . 145 61 193 2,334 4,850 186, 507 171, 197 181 Arch bold . . 1 1 5 26 816 740 181 1 1 13 30 927 827 184 Bellefonte - - - 3 3 42 75 3,009 2,723 180 Blairsville _ _ 1 1 17 43 1, 536 1, 427 180 1 1 7 24 75 £ 688 180 Castle Shannon.. _ . 2 5 30 731 616 183 Charleroi _ 2 3 6 28 68 2,210 2, 034 180 Clearfield _ _ 1 4 2 41 60 2,805 2,507 180 Clifton Heights . . . 1 2 2 9 29 876 755 181 Corry _ 2 2 20 63 2 414 2 231 180 Crafton - - 1 1 1 18 28 1,157 1,061 185 East Pittsburgh. _ _ 1 1 8 26 706 621 180 East Stroudsburg _ _ 1 1 23 30 1, 184 1, 127 180 Ephrata . . 2 1 14 37 1,484 1 404 180 Etna . . . . . 1 1 14 21 616 547 182 Exeter _ _ 1 1 2 8 28 763 727 185 Forest Hills . . . 2 1 5 32 1, 054 1,015 180 Forty Fort _ _ 2 1 14 33 1, 132 968 180 Freeland _ _ _ 1 1 14 25 816 721 181 Glassport. . . . 1 5 1 14 29 1, 133 1, 076 180 Grove City _ 1 1 17 74 3, 066 2, 656 180 Holliday sburg _ _ 1 2 26 47 1, 994 L899 180 Huntingdon _ _ 1 2 3 21 38 1, 671 1, 571 180 Jenkintown . . . 1 2 10 23 570 524 184 Jim Thorpe . . . . 1 1 21 44 1, 146 1, 057 184 Kane . . . . 1 2 22 46 1, 883 1, 739 180 Kittanning _ 1 3 31 51 2,090 2,008 180 Lansford . . . . 2 1 8 19 627 583 182 Lehigh ton _ _ 1 1 24 32 1, 516 1, 360 182 Lewisburg _ _ 1 1 15 405 349 180 Lititz _ _ 1 2 41 33 1,991 1,815 180 Mechanicsburg . . 1 1 1 24 46 1,810 1,705 180 Media. _ _ _ 4 3 39 114 3, 782 3, 319 180 Midland _ _ _ _ 1 2 2 26 32 1, 475 1,294 180 Minersville _ 1 1 12 28 1, 051 984 187 Monongahela . . . 1 1 20 62 2, 111 2,004 180 Mount Oliver _ 1 1 1 12 352 305 180 Mount Pleasant _ 1 1 16 28 1, 319 1, 201 180 Nanty-GIo _ _ 1 1 15 19 1,004 928 180 Narbeth i _ _ _ 1 6 16 420 376 180 New Cumberland _ _ 1 1 17 37 1, 412 1, 341 181 Northampton . . . 1 1 1 35 44 2,004 1,834 180 Oakmont _ 1 3 12 39 1, 385 1, 229 182 Palmyra _ _ 1 2 12 35 1,290 1,237 180 Pitcairn . . . . 1 1 11 35 1, 122 1,071 180 Punxsutawney _ _ _ 1 1 1 36 59 2,677 2,455 180 Rankin _ _ _ 1 2 19 29 1, 139 1,074 180 Red Lion _ _ 2 19 39 1, 589 1, 467 180 Rochester _ 1 1 22 50 1,983 1, 734 180 St. Clair _ 1 1 9 23 827 776 181 St. Marys - - 1 1 1 12 27 846 776 180 Scottsdale - - 1 2 13 44 1,550 1,473 180 footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 97 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) * Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $65,983 $31,000 $19, 650 $365, 299 $13, 519 $29, 633 $459, 101 $251,021 $776, 105 14, 682 14, 000 267, 243 6, 910 19, 555 307, 708 131,504 453, 894 19, 662 11,700 252,014 4, 875 29,047 297, 636 108, 958 426, 256 26, 866 16, 400 12, 600 343, 738 6,153 38, 991 417, 882 202, 815 647,563 43, 550 35, 987 486, 365 13, 350 41, 581 577, 283 161, 548 782, 381 786, 759 205, 974 550,520 10, 275, 720 287, 108 1, 112, 111 12, 431, 433 5, 112, 390 18, 330, 582 2, 259, 172 265, 878 994,027 25, 656, 429 314 489 2, 407, 437 29, 638, 260 9, 698, 997 41, 596, 429 99 fiQfi 4,400 117, 787 8, 213 130, 400 64,890 217, 986 15^ 331 5, 050 149, 850 6,760 161, 660 37, 982 214, 973 15, 226 18, 618 17, 100 371, 752 5,620 36, 295 449, 385 127, 246 591, 857 11, 061 4, 750 147, 290 152, 040 12, 697 175, 798 16, 855 5; 150 109, 795 7,308 122, 253 41, 704 180, 812 24, 256 126, 176 11, 629 137, 805 70, 056 232, 117 38, 182 15, 237 29,740 409, 114 4,080 30, 562 488, 733 132, 969 659,884 26, 566 18, 879 12, 000 372, 799 4, 964 66,983 475, 625 116, 865 619, 056 5,589 9,317 9.436 125, 245 3, 350 9,242 156, 590 48, 666 210, 845 22,849 If, 900 302, 000 1, 581 20, 391 333, 872 126, 651 483, 372 24, 159 3,246 5,800 182, 414 2,504 17, 370 211, 334 67, 379 302, 872 24, 063 5,350 139, 210 3,265 19, 181 167, 006 84, 938 276, 007 8,567 5, 166 197, 845 6,837 209, 848 43, 938 262, 353 12. 625 5,200 166, 183 1, 300 19, 344 192, 027 44, 437 249, 089 21, 565 5,250 127, 452 1, 829 9,489 144, 020 67,640 233, 225 12, 825 12, 451 110, 503 1, 997 5,287 130, 238 47, 778 190, 841 21, 059 7,150 151, 095 5,676 16, 215 180, 136 92, 574 293, 769 14,563 5,200 161, 183 3,140 16, 557 186, 080 64, 686 265, 329 15,942 4, 771 127, 751 6, 755 139, 277 36, 261 191, 480 17,545 18, 911 5,828 143, 128 2,583 14, 406 184, 856 64,873 267, 274 12, 999 5,400 380, 857 2,400 32, 079 420, 736 109, 278 543, 013 20, 219 9,605 252, 547 2,748 19,658 284, 558 227, 938 532, 715 17,538 8,141 14,600 212, 241 28, 369 263, 351 90, 077 370, 966 12.832 10, 100 139, 491 2,350 11, 247 163, 188 60, 161 236, 181 37, 255 5,250 212, 275 2,685 16, 819 237,029 79, 957 354,241 13, 023 8, 500 233, 097 1,989 15, 601 259, 187 31,337 303, 547 24, 219 15, 066 324 307 4,061 32, 707 376, 141 133, 020 533, 380 24, 562 5, 300 108, 708 2, 600 8, 902 125, 510 63, 968 214, 040 19, 216 5,900 202, 553 2,317 21, 504 232, 274 65, 062 316, 552 4, 308 55, 095 5, 327 60, 422 26, 873 91, 603 22, 595 9,550 262, 218 3,105 27, 462 302, 335 87, 541 412, 471 15, 691 3, 300 4,100 200, 100 1,935 18,083 227, 518 56, 763 299, 972 31. 619 15, 142 470, 673 6,387 43, 061 535, 263 203, 392 770, 274 26, 031 8, 240 11, 550 218, 352 5,069 27,029 270, 240 90, 391 386, 662 15, 472 5,500 149, 866 1, 600 8, 281 165, 247 74,375 255, 094 21, 498 4 936 304, 550 1, 322 20, 780 331,588 76,553 429, 639 7,102 5, 550 54, 767 1, 801 4, 366 66, 484 48, 698 122,284 13, 389 5,131 161, 731 1, 680 13, 971 182, 513 59, 525 255, 427 15, 479 4 950 121, 291 1, 365 14, 369 141, 975 39, 857 197, 311 16, 050 86, 552 7, 116 93, 668 28, 703 138, 421 13, 273 3, 454 139, 462 2,805 11,605 157, 326 55, 250 225, 849 25, 769 1 4,924 6,200 293, 889 6,258 25, 782 337, 053 125, 648 488, 470 26, 003 14 867 193, 428 5,137 18, 969 232, 401 127, 150 385, 554 10, 399 _ 9,295 163, 778 2,200 18, 771 194, 044 57, 988 262, 431 9, 049 5,150 156, 702 1,904 14, 673 178, 429 67, 361 254, 839 21, 251 5,030 5, 616 341, 257 2,144 23, 410 377, 457 97,483 496, 191 8, 528' 9, 260 166, 948 5, 393 20, 564 202, 165 95,298 305, 991 14, 885 _ 10, 548 218, 256 3, 672 11, 177 243, 653 56, 910 315, 448 16, 434 5,716 259, 095 4, 043 21, 209 290, 063 75,538 382, 035 14,643! 5,350 117, 570 3,267 3, 456 129,643 36, 916 181, 202 12, 214: 3,900 4, 483 123, 965 12, 048 144, 396 54, 960 211, 570 13, 818 9, 2141 170, 776 1.500 27.011 208, 501 60,588 282, 907 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV —CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (posil Men ctional ,ff i tions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pennsylvania— Con. 1 2 13 34 1, 103 953 182 Sharpsville . . 1 1 16 37 1, 430 1, 310 180 Shippensburg . 1 1 2 29 54 2,490 2,308 180 Somerset . . 1 1 2 38 80 3, 164 3, 005 180 South Williamsport . 1 4 15 33 1,404 1, 312 180 Stroudsburg ..1 _ 1 2 21 33 1, 389 1, 244 181 Tarentum.r _ 1 2 24 44 1, 811 1, 650 180 Tyrone. . 1 1 1 25 48 2, 138 1, 950 180 Vandergrift. . . 1 1 18 48 1, 656 1, 601 180 West Hazleton _ 1 3 25 28 1,295 1, 194 182 West York . . . 1 1 1 19 22 1, 176 1, 078 180 Wilson _ _ 1 1 35 45 2,201 2,089 183 Other cities . 71 30 94 1, 139 2,367 91,015 83, 544 181 Rhode Island.. . 3 8 39 147 5,262 4,525 180 Barrington _ 1 5 21 69 2,288 2,018 180 BurrUlville . . 1 1 8 3» 1, 630 1, 304 179 Warren . 1 2 10 40 1, 344 1,203 181 Vermont _ _ 7 10 16 64 266 8,402 7,570 174 Bennington . 1 7 3 16 32 1,270 1, 096 173 Montpelier . . . 2 9 41 1, 391 1, 252 177 Newport . . . 1 2 4 5 25 737 659 173 St. Albans 7 _ _ 1 1 1 22 587 539 175 St. Johnsbury _ 1 1 11 44 1, 191 1, 075 171 Springfield Town . . . 1 1 4 19 76 2,365 2, 183 175 Winooski _ _ _ 1 2 3 26 861 766 170 NORTH CENTRAL . . 444 154 1, 130 6, 525 16, 370 618, 515 548, 621 180 Illinois . . 139 63 358 1,520 4,292 156, 712 135,976 185 Arlington Heights: Elementary District • _ 2 3 13 41 1, 643 1, 214 188 High School District _ 2 1 37 31 1, 282 1, 092 186 Batavia _ _ _ _ 1 1 4 16 46 1,681 1,504 187 Belvidere . . . . 2 2 8 12 100 2,800 2,484 180 Bradley: Elementary District _ j 4 26 959 763 185 High School District ... 2 1 10 7 422 373 185 Carmi: Elementary District _ 1 2 4 31 1,294 1,077 185 High School District _ 1 1 16 9 518 465 185 Charleston.. - - 2 1 9 31 63 2,354 2,056 186 Chester _ _ _ 2 2 13 33 1, 170 1,000 186 Clinton _ _ . 2 9 14 62 1, 893 1, 644 186 Creve Coeur 1 _ _ _ 1 2 4 23 874 846 185 Dolton.. . . . . . 2 4 4 9 52 2,009 1,608 189 Du Quoin: Elementary District _ 1 7 34 1, 120 1,002 185 High School District _ 1 2 13 10 499 439 175 East Alton i _ _ 3 9 52 1, 550 1,248 187 East Peoria: Elementary District _ 2 6 79 2,239 2,046 185 High School District _ 1 1 1 18 20 1, 150 1, 072 182 Edwardsville . . 1 8 23 81 3, 063 2,675 187 Effingham . . 2 9 22 50 2,041 1,776 186 footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 99 public -school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 3 Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $23, 118 $11,692 $196, 938 $8,364 $30,283 $247, 277 $72, 622 $343, 017 171 22, 332 5,233 227, 040 16, 723 248, 996 64, 178 335, 506 172 20;910 $5, 215 8; 338 301, 918 2,042 29, 754 347,267 96, 566 464, 743 173 16, 575 4,600 10, 000 383, 854 7,500 23,298 429, 252 74, 383 520, 210 174 19, 770 18, 463 168, 175 2,000 22,820 211,458 100, 392 331, 620 175 8.650 10,000 216, 0C0 6.000 25, 800 256,800 59, 550 325, 000 176 19, 533 12. 099 259, 146 2,540 18, 091 291, 876 105, 416 416, 825 177 18,826 4,872 5,298 244, 824 1, 800 64, 754 321, 548 71, 739 412, 113 178 20, 241 6, 916 273, 486 2,232 38,588 321, 222 104, 381 445, 844 179 21, 472 15,299 188, 346 10, 737 214, 382 79, 710 315, 564 180 12, 573 3,700 5,050 142. 727 1, 717 10,507 163, 701 47,438 223, 712 181 23,812 5, 580 298, 702 2,198 27,026 333, 506 130, 735 488, 053 IS 2 1, 102, 473 129,748 485, 084 12, 520, 304 153, 470 1, 174, 826 14, 463, 432 4, 733, 098 20, 299, 003 183 55, 135 48,266 764, 911 10, 952 54,088 878, 217 269, 405 1, 202, 757 184 17,504 33,006 423,250 7,064 35, 235 498, 555 156, 942 673, 001 185 15,901 5,660 155, 783 3,535 164, 978 66,251 247, 130 186 21,730 9,600 185, 878 3,888 15, 318 214, 684 46, 212 282, 626 187 76,251 43.909 82, 355 1, 081,879 15,623 99, 073 1, 322, 839 462, 598 1,861,688 18S 17. 812 30,019 13.225 169, 737 5,505 17, 912 236,398 73,790 328,000 189 13. 953 12, 550 187, 605 4,223 15,293 219, 671 60, 245 293, 869 190 6,408 3, 942 14,306 80, 620 5,074 103, 942 33, 206 143, 556 191 5,241 3,525 60,284 7. 777 71, 586 37,442 114, 269 192 10, 139 4, 587 156, 770 2,453 21,630 185,440 69, 041 264,620 193 17, 422 6,423 28, 356 344, 907 3,442 26,644 409,772 164, 805 591, 999 194 5, 276 9, 331 81, 956 4, 743 96,030 24, 069 125,37 519 6, 668, 048 698, 468 5, 788, 765 83, 860, 548 1, 267, 404 6, 786, 512 98, 401, 697 36, 285, 486 141,355,231 196 2, 192, 120 303, 797 1, 783, 983 21, 553, 442 303, 133 1, 712, 105 25, 656, 460 10,869,790 38, 718, 370 197 23,338 20, 652 181, 626 14, 233 216, 511 49, 593 289, 442 198 77, 299 9,900 272, 861 15,100 17. 937 315. 798 122, 122 515, 219 199 11, 095 7,045 22,950 230, 486 7,193 25,969 293, 643 91, 419 396, 157 200 26, 215 8, 200 36, 190 361,000 4,000 24,800 434, 190 159, 100 619, 505 201 11, 541 90,444 5, 225 95, 669 32,298 139, 508 202 12, 395 4,500 64,213 3,231 71, 944 26, 657 110,996 203 6, 324 8,000 109, 822 6,944 124,766 36, 192 167. 282 204 11,523 4, 600 101, 977 5,200 7, 084 118, 861 45,283 175, 667 205 12, 926 4,500 40, 500 329, 000 4,114 28, 608 406,722 189, 269 608, 917 206 18. 452 10,000 155, 791 4, 952 170, 743 155, 984 345, 179 207 23, 578 40, 500 299, 514 11, 377 351, 391 200, 673 575, 642 208 10,466 9,000 91,700 2,500 6, 651 109. 851 42,645 162, 962 209 26, 745 15,020 19,900 217, 950 30, 757 283, 627 89, 351 399, 723 210 14, 972 139,486 10, 110 149. 596 66, 247 230, 815 211 6, 366 6, 667 76,906 7,207 90, 780 23, 034 120, 180 212 17, 491 13,500 201,300 10, 402 225,202 94, 404 337, 097 213 31,000 35,000 280, 000 8,300 323, 300 68, 300 422,600 214 16,689 6,000 7,900 188, 767 20, 286 222, 953 195, 447 435, 089 215 10. 039 36, 800 426, 749 23, 050 486. 599 180, 916 677, 554 216 29,833| . 36, 025 244, 621 5,000 13,230 298,876 172,245 500, 954 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 ^BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 7 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois— Continued Franklin Park: Elementarv District _ 1 3 6 42 1, 425 1,298 185 High School District . 2 2 2 48 26 1, 515 1, 400 186 Glencoe 7 _ 1 10 3 11 35 1, 331 1, 146 187 Glen Ellyn: Elementary District _ 2 5 8 71 2, 282 1,910 185 1 1 23 37 1,515 1, 452 185 Homewood 7 . . . . 1 2 2 6 37 1,262 1, 218 180 Lake Forest: Elementary District _ 1 3 4 36 746 595 185 2 2 15 12 387 359 175 1 3 10 40 1. 525 1, 362 189 Lawrenceville: Elementary District _ - 1 3 13 32 1, 045 940 186 High School District _ 1 1 16 14 568 535 186 Liber tyville: Elementary District _ 1 2 5 30 1,033 833 185 High School District... . 1 1 1 16 13 642 581 185 Litchfield: Elementary District _ 1 5 7 28 1, 019 827 186 High School District _ 1 13 7 421 392 185 Madison _ _ 1 5 30 51 2,857 2,483 185 Mendota . _ 1 2 5 35 1, 258 1,177 181 Metropolis: Elementary District _ 1 5 2 50 1, 572 1, 283 185 High School District _ 1 1 12 10 606 531 185 Mount Carmel _ .. _ 1 9 25 65 2,489 2, 354 187 Naperville _ .. 2 4 28 50 1, 736 1,561 185 Normal _ _ _ 1 3 21 73 2,402 1, 955 186 North Chicago: Elementary District No. 63 1 6 1 17 505 393 185 Elementary District No. 64 . . 1 1 6 16 67 2,263 1,730 185 Oak Lawn: Elementary District No. 122 _ 3 1 6 39 1,497 1, 303 189 Elementary District No. 123 . . 1 4 6 65 2,483 2, 002 185 High-School District _ 1 1 17 15 761 685 189 Pana. _ _ _ _ 1 5 8 16 50 1,936 1, 673 186 Paris . . . 1 2 20 66 2, 134 1, 870 185 Peru 7 _ 1 1 2 25 688 577 185 Pontiac: Elementary District ... 1 4 3 33 1,119 1, 004 186 High-School District _ 1 1 14 10 430 417 185 Savanna: Elementary District 1 j 12 23 830 636 185 High-School District _ 1 1 10 8 318 293 186 South Holland 7 . . 1 1 1 2 24 742 637 182 Sycamore _ 1 5 18 52 1, 659 1, 456 185 Taylorville . . 2 3 3 34 65 2,529 2, 228 185 Vandalia _ 1 4 19 53 1, 959 1, 673 187 Zion: Elementary District _ 2 5 4 54 1, 900 1,657 185 High-School District .. 1 1 23 12 831 753 185 Other cities . . 64 29 164 698 1, 970 71, 931 62, 413 185 footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 101 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other s structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) ® visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $23, 727 $14,800 $175, 337 $22, 848 $212, 985 $75, 071 $311, 783 : 6lj 380 $11,800 16,000 325, 495 $17,500 46, 396 417, 191 221, 691 700,262!: 35, 726 52, 910 19, 131 204,333 6,727 39, 301 322, 402 82,538 440, 666 : 36, 952 29, 400 312,904 22,943 365, 247 80,680 482,879|: 2A385 6,500 324' 216 26, 076 356, 792 108, 843 491, 020 10, 361 8, 000 10,900 138, 471 4, 488 161, 859 64, 514 236, 734 : 16,550 16,500 155, 978 5,000 15, 595 193, 073 84, 956 294, 579 : 26, 160 10,000 125,200 5,700 14, 082 154, 982 62,758 243, 900]: 30, 855 15, 414 172, 801 17,963 206, 178 70, 865 307,898 : 8,500 16,500 171,000 13,500 201,000 32,900 242, 400 : 12,700 5,200 126,963 9, 515 141, 678 80, 995 235, 373 : 12,695 10,600 162, 772 4, 257 177, 629 62, 485 252, 809 : 25, 402 6,500 6,500 143, 614 7,917 164,531 66, 042 255, 975 : 8,480 24,500 111, 367 13,804 149, 671 37, 694 195, 845 : 9,751 88,242 6, 931 95, 173 59, 865 164, 789 : 31,711 29,000 341, 857 7,500 22, 813 401, 170 204. 025 636, 906 : 23,886 9,200 160, 445 22,500 14, 913 207,058 97, 933 328, 877 : 14. 522 20,000 145,600 5,000 17,354 187, 954 81, 367 283, 843 : 7,008 6, 000 98, 430 3, 949 108, 379 81, 975 197, 362 : 21, 674 46, 800 308, 062 2,500 30, 984 388, 346 150. 073 560. 093 : 33, 207 21,243 312, 086 13. 278 346, 607 107, 607 487. 421 : 21,904 16, 715 361,230 II, 087 22,230 411, 262 167, 448 600, 614 : 4, 646 26,010 53,999 7,114 87,123 22, 037 113, 806 : 27,831 4,200 26,900 309, 514 2,600 26, 628 369, 842 140,227 537,900 : 14, 109 6,000 146, 115 3,000 5,420 160,535 52, 614 227, 258 : 27,309 20,000 218, 467 10,388 248, 855 95, 371 371, 535 26, 053 6,000 112,644 11, 605 130, 249 38, 987 195, 289 20,480 25,633 34,894 227, 723 2,390 17, 940 308,580 161,481 490, 541 16, 615 9,000 265, 173 22,730 296, 903 198, 592 512, 110 18, 797 4,300 101,500 6, 622 112, 422 50,278 181, 497 11, 194 16, 166 121, 108 6, 179 143, 453 53,791 208, 438 8,782 6, 300 101, 898 7,200 5,550 120,948 72,545 202, 275 9,705 4, 000 117,220 2,360 8, 635 132, 215 43, 828 185, 748 8,667 5, 500 72, 757 6, 106 84, 363 31, 670 124, 700 9, 295 4,000 4, 000 76, 253 2, 723 86, 976 27, 593 123, 864 13, 874 27,500 279, 449 35, 546 342, 495 154, 376 510, 745 30, 482 10,546 14, 977 342, 794 7,043 29, 848 405,208 275, 532 711, 222 15, 091 16,000 250, 515 34, 226 300, 741 188, 417 504, 249 12.828 19,100 179, 405 7,781 10, 748 217,034 55, 922 285,784 13, 355 5,000 153. 255 5, 000 6, 750 170, 005 93,788 277, 148 1, 006, 184 139,443 818, 849 9, 893, 037 139, 138 785, 857 11, 776, 324 4, 989, 237 17, 771, 745 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 266 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 JBIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3 .-—Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV. — CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Indiana . 38 16 127 633 1, 359 60, 306 53, 416 178 Alexandria 1 4 15 23 1,248 1, 102 177 Auburn . 1 2 2 14 30 1, 309 1,212 174 Reeeh Grove 1 2 9 23 1, 100 977 177 1 4 15 41 1,847 1, 683 176 Brazil. . . . 1 4 6 12 41 1, 800 1, 556 177 Clinton . 1 2 2 14 34 1, 211 1, 137 177 Franklin _ 1 3 20 34 1, 573 1,384 176 1 2 17 31 1, 464 1, 347 177 1 2 15 30 1, 623 1, 542 178 Kendallville _ 1 1 16 36 1, 438 1, 269 177 1 5 17 48 1, 974 1,603 177 Madison _ 1 6 19 56 2, 389 2, 124 180 Nnhlesville 1 5 28 52 2,341 1, 909 178 1 4 21 38 1, 815 1, 604 176 Portland 1 3 15 45 2, 086 1, 814 180 Rushville _ __ 1 4 17 33 1, 328 1, 106 176 Sullivan . 1 3 20 29 1, 298 1, 217 177 Tipton _ 1 4 16 33 1,582 1, 429 176 Whiting _ _ 1 3 22 31 1, 152 1, 039 190 Winchester _ 1 2 11 27 1, 143 1, 043 176 Other cities . 18 8 60 300 644 28, 585 25, 319 178 Iowa. . . 28 72 436 1, 160 39, 890 35,042 180 Carroll _ j 2 14 22 817 737 179 Centerville _ _ 1 1 22 47 1, 595 1, 423 180 Clarinda 8 . . 1 4 14 39 1, 251 1, 112 180 Creston . . 1 3 16 65 1,762 1, 536 179 Decorah . . . . . 1 2 17 35 1, 268 1, 134 180 Fairfield _ _ 1 3 19 49 1, 732 1, 516 180 Indianola . . . ... 1 3 13 34 1, 232 1,091 180 Knoxville _ ........... _ 1 2 15 45 1, 611 1,317 180 Le Mars _ _ _ 1 2 16 34 1, 145 1,056 180 Mount Pleasant.. . 1 3 12 37 1,492 1, 318 180 Oelwein . . . . 1 2 15 44 1, 365 1,245 180 Perry _ _ .. _ 1 4 18 43 1, 463 1,287 181 Red Oak... 1 13 38 1, 471 1, 301 180 West Des Moines _ 1 4 14 48 1,741 1,448 179 Other cities . . 14 36 218 580 19, 945 17, 521 180 Kansas . . . 15 3 42 185 488 19, 154 16, 460 178 Abilene . 1 5 21 35 1, 467 1,298 176 Concordia . . . 1 3 16 37 1,421 1,220 180 Hays . . . . . . 1 3 19 59 2,213 1,984 177 Iola . . . . .. 1 5 21 42 1,860 1,638 177 Liberal _ _ 5 24 61 2,600 2,088 178 McPherson . . . 1 6 14 2, 081 1,840 180 Olathe . . . . 1 3 14 47 1,826 1,524 177 Pratt 8 _ _ 6 1 5 26 48 1, 924 1,624 180 Russell. . . . 1 3 17 47 1,690 1,415 175 Wellington... .. . . . 1 2 4 13 53 2, 072 1, 829 175 Michigan . 49 29 138 881 2,111 81, 580 74, 374 181 Buchanan _ _ ... 1 1 1 19 40 1,591 1, 467 181 Center Line . . . 1 4 19 49 2, 168 2, 030 182 Charlotte 1 2 20 48 1,885 1,600 178 Clawson . . . . . . 1 1 9 40 1,592 1, 480 184 Dowagiac . . . 1 5 23 57 2,135 2, 018 177 East Grand Rapids . 2 — 4 14 65 1,835 1, 725| 178 s’footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 103 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 Instruction Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 8 15 $493, 810 10, 810 12. 629 13, 041 11, 995 9, 180 12. 237 16,410 12. 851 12, 520 11, 079 14. 901 13. 020 13, 571 17,788 11, 247 12, 141 12, 137 12, 745 18, 218 11,224 234, 066 $64, 137 9,600 16, 333 7, 803 30, 401 $674, 481 26, 400 11,400 9,204 20, 325 30, 076 10, 222 15, 000 10,560 8. 936 4, 889 25, 302 27, 810 27, 172 19, 190 15, 600 21, 575 15, 247 21. 986 23, 063 10. 820 319, 704 $7, 692, 051 132, 554 177, 140 131, 379 205, 196 191, 702 162. 228 233, 045 191, 539 162. 664 192. 851 251, 126 259, 466 310, 456 235, 686 248, 728 195, 642 186, 055 189, 222 261, 248 128, 093 3, 646, C31 $100, 798 2, 200 1,965 1, 350 4, 342 970 4, 448 1, 391 1,468 1.500 3, 726 1.794 3, 033 2,949 1, 320 3.500 2,130 1. 750 11, 462 1, 722 47, 778 $326, 935 6. 725 6,702 3, 686 7, 620 10, 094 4,090 11, 049 4, 594 8, 109 9, 951 13, 278 10, 816 10, 403 13, 763 4, 776 5, 432 11, 165 12, 368 11,496 5, 851 154, 967 $8, 858, 402 167, 879 206. 807 144, 269 234, 491 252, 547 185, 313 263. 542 208, 084 181, 177 209, 191 293, 432 299, 886 351, 064 271, 588 270, 424 226, 149 214, 597 225 326 307, 269 146, 486 , 198, 881 $2. 338, 683 $11,690,895 259 943 260 572 261 532 262 37, 254 57, 136 27, 222 62,529 54,484 54. 803 78, 887 47, 535 29, 968 45, 992 62, 155 108, 480 91, 068 66, 432 61, 935 48, 937 38, 660 63, 879 151, 439 41, 353 1, 108, 535 215, 276, 184, 309, 316, 252, 358, 268. 223, 266, 370, 421, 455, 355, 343, 287. 265. 301, 476. 199, 5,541, 703 289 290 91 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 372, 524 363, 698 5, 281, 460 42,290 356, 872 6, 044, 320 2, 261, 686 8, 678, 530 12,040 9,895 13,280 26. 444 15, 027 14, 755 7, 626 10, 396 16, 378 9,903 10, 753 12, 329 13, 437 186, 262 11,200 3,900 24, 444 15,080 10,000 12, 944 13,500 10, 898 8,000 15. 568 11, 000 21,702 5,000 18, 613 181, 849 133, 350 221,872 185, 195 268, 457 179, 965 238, 999 153, 135 195, 388 159, 228 150, 680 205, 851 179, 373 171, 624 197, 613 2, 640, 730 2,700 1,500 2, 754 3, 632 1,500 2, 454 ’i" 180 3, 425 21, 145 11,288 23, 003 21, 591 6, 629 17, 387 14, 945 8, 137 7,500 14, 761 8, 604 8, 939 14, 228 8, 944 12, 480 178, 436 155, 838 248, 775 233, 930 291, 666 210, 106 270, 520 174, 772 215, 286 181, 989 177, 306 225, 790 218, 483 185, 568 232, 131 3,022,160 52, 916 42, 466 76, 979 107, 363 76, 815 101,056 69,023 87, 288 97, 025 50, 620 103, 513 107, 861 77, 052 80,866 , 130, 843 220. 301, 324, 425, 301, 386, 251, 312, 293, 244, 339, 337, 274, 326, 4, 339, 148, 520 14, 736 182,584 2, 169, 175 33, 974 164, 276 2, 564, 745 609, 384 3, 322, 649 13, 209 13, 796 19, 593 14,066 14, 974 13,095 11,812 15, 364 19, 920 12, 691 3, 904 10, 832 23, 309 13,500 13,500 15, 828 20, 807 28, 324 11,310 21,817 12, 530 21, 659 184,002 170, 939 234,000 189, 441 279, 650 258, 366 186, 618 245, 406 217, 857 202, 896 3,275 2, 160 4, 4,321 4,041 3,600 5, 000 4,900 2, 077 16,095 11, 466 37, 160 9, 066 15, 667 15, 525 5, 24, 256 11, 673 17, 532 226, 681 198,065 289, 260 218, 656 316, 124 306, 256 207, 364 300, 383 246, 960 254, 996 62, 099 53, 992 84,125 57, 609 61, 077 67, 987 42. 336 56, 633 63, 214 60, 312 265, 853 392, 978 290, 331 392, 175 387,338 261, 512 372, 380 330.094 327,999 985, 907 126, 816 780, 348 12,059, 786 281,014 944, 506 14, 192, 470 4, 361, 480 19, 539, 857 20, 732 27, 813 18, 671 18, 517 27, 562 25,994 6,052 6,600 25, 570 11,300 6,000 20,011 29,058 254. 343 343, 934 250, 725 182, 266 294, 505 4,706 4, 377 3, 1,578 6, 799 12,008 23, 370 22. 600 24, 752 9, 755 24, 888 29, 914 295, 071 396, 481 289, 866 199, 599 346, 203 411, 169 87, 568 100, 808 76, 688 50,124 112, 203 99, 224 403, 371 525, 102 385, 225 268, 240 485, 968 _ 536, 387 1 314 398312-56- 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 329 330 331 332 333 331 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 City, by region and State Michigan— Continued Garden City.. Grand Haven. Ionia — . Kingsford _ Lapeer . . Ludington... . Melvindale... Petoskey _ South Haven.. Sturgis.. . Trenton . . Wayne . Other cities.. . Minnesota. Cloquet _ _ _ Columbia Heights. Crookston . . Detroit Lakes _ Ely «. . . Eveleth s _ Fairmont . . Hastings _ Little Falls * . . Northfield . Pipestone . . St. Peter _ Stillwater . . Thief River Falls. . West St. Paul _ Willmar . . . Other cities . . Missouri. Brookfield - Caruthersville. Clinton . . Festus _ Flat River 8.... Ladue _ Lexington _ Marshall _ Maryville . . Neosho... . . Nevada _ Rolla _ Warrensburg... Webb City.... Other cities.... Nebraska. Alliance _ Columbus. . Fairbury . Falls City . Lexington . . McCook _ Nebraska City. Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Fuli^Time Day Schools of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily Num¬ ber of days assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) attend¬ ance schools were actually taught * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 8 36 66 3,405 3, 062 183 1 5 3 29 58 2, 151 2, 034 183 2 3 4 18 44 1, 772 1,606 181 1 5 23 50 1,514 1,287 184 2 3 22 39 1, 724 1,596 178 1 4 3 23 49 1. 997 1,884 176 1 4 24 86 3, 394 3, 135 180 1 2 22 40 1, 459 1, 379 176 1 _ _ 2 24 44 1, 737 1,768 1,457 185 1 1 1 21 52 1, 605 178 1 5 40 50 1,826 1,692 186 4 1 14 67 208 7,979 7. 171 185 24 14 67 428 1, 026 39, 648 36, 146 181 33 11 74 667 1,534 58, 134 61, 746 175 1 1 4 20 61 2,244 2,041 175 1 4 31 65 2,975 2, 575 180 1 3 14 43 1,561 1,403 1, 580 174 2 3 20 40 1,768 173 1 2 2 27 48 1,679 1, 523 180 1 4 31 52 1,644 1,518 179 1 1 28 56 2,037 1,841 175 1 2 20 22 1,226 1,099 172 1 3 27 37 1,647 1,451 173 1 2 21 61 1,973 1,786 1,330 172 1 2 22 39 1,522 180 1 2 19 35 1,314 3, 421 1,209 172 2 1 2 28 100 2, 898 180 1 2 22 55 2, 056 1,860 172 1 2 2 16 67 2,286 2.000 172 1 3 22 66 2,737 2, 450 171 15 5 33 299 687 26, 044 23, 182 175 28 18 82 404 1,242 43, 238 37, 666 179 1 3 14 33 1,206 1,035 177 1 3 14 49 2, 158 1. 794 177 1 5 9 40 1,576 1,329 177 1 3 14 39 1,495 1,271 180 1 3 3 16 36 1 322 1, 163 180 1 8 27 76 2,021 1,819 181 1 2 11 34 1, 131 1,006 181 1 1 6 15 45 1,530 1, 390 180 1 2 9 33 944 849 177 1 1 1 18 41 2,081 1,714 180 1 1 1 27 45 1,624 1,435 180 1 2 11 75 2, 061 1, 753 180 1 2 1 5 35 1,096 954 180 1 1 1 12 40 1,374 1,321 180 14 9 41 202 621 21, 619 18, 833 179 9 27 133 370 13, 712 12, 148 177 1 1 21 48 1,889 1, 617 175 1 1 16 51 1,642 1,338 1,484 1, 192 176 1 3 16 33 175 1 3 13 37 1,280 1, 139 177 1 4 15 34 1, 495 1, 301 179 1 5 20 53 1,838 1, 645 176 1 8 13 42 1,562 1,400 180 See footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 105 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) s Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $34, 295 $36, 253 $367, 200 $4,395 $28, 862 $436, 710 $152, 142 $623, 147 22, 588 $17, 666 23, 942 362, 967 14, 132 36, 676 455, 383 118, 399 596, 370 30, 310 11,682 18, 261 206, 184 14, 362 250, 489 65, 705 346,504 16, 770 23, 700 246, 443 1,945 17, 857 289, 945 95, 771 402, 486 31,011 12, 275 243, 463 3, 666 22,700 282, 104 140, 481 453, 596 14, 506 18, 482 14, 055 287, 278 4, 496 17, 610 341, 921 95, 259 451, 686 46, 984 26,000 559, 033 20, 509 36, 280 641, 822 215, 700 904, 506 16. 115 10, 500 222, 056 4,368 14, 189 251, 113 70, 725 337, 953 16, 563 9, 078 223, 199 4, 551 13, 591 250, 419 63,062 330, 044 24, 102 4,801 6, 750 269, 282 3, 120 10, 893 294, 846 79, 529 398, 477 29,594 34, 700 385, 873 7,897 31,824 460, 294 174, 189 664,077 84, 628 6, 500 87, 045 1, 159, 775 42, 805 105, 352 1, 401, 477 444,218 1, 930, 323 479, 152 61, 633 379, 250 5, 861,071 136, 573 459, 031 6, 897, 558 2, 119, 685 9, 496, 395 595. 868 53. 261 411, 447 8. 311.285 100, 735 956, 702 9, 833, 430 4, 176, 654 14, 605, 952 18. 952 4, 400 18. 236 311, 956 6,776 35, 781 377, 149 155, 170 551, 271 19. 118 25, 478 383, 294 32, 456 441, 228 201,050 661, 396 16. 067 17. 300 210. 858 1,719 28, 554 258, 431 111, 795 386, 293 15.883 17,586 201, 966 1.789 30. 341 251, 682 111, 804 379, 369 29. 203 10, 000 11,414 322, 022 9,880 39. 984 393, 300 208, 107 630, 610 29, 840 26, 469 364, 787 7, 200 36, 503 434, 959 210, 140 674. 939 17, 906 6,400 318, 331 2,495 42, 084 369, 310 128, 722 515, 938 15, 058 10, 900 147, 399 15, 255 173. 554 38, 649 227, 261 18, 236 16, 163 251, 221 4, 951 31, 262 303, 597 112, 926 434, 759 17, 398 11, 979 301, 731 5,854 33,332 352, 896 150, 224 520, 518 14. 475 9, 965 213. 251 26. 249 249, 465 95, 547 359, 487 19, 900 11,050 181, 250 32. 652 224, 952 135, 614 380, 466 31,034 5,000 11, 025 475, 414 6, 751 51, 082 549. 272 248, 892 829, 198 15.860 8,825 246, 855 23, 505 279, 185 103, 369 398, 414 30, 356 10, 000 10, 087 287, 879 2,561 36, 169 346, 696 173, 586 550, 638 19, 634 14, 242 369, 626 5, 630 32, 892 422, 390 119,923 561, 947 266, 948 23,861 184, 328 3, 723, 445 45, 129 428, 601 4, 405,364 1, 871, 136 6, 543, 448 353, 130 73, 574 389, 418 5, 004, 718 97,668 525, 602 6,090, 980 2, 073, 006 8. 517, 116 7,696 9, 820 136, 582 10, 898 157, 300 33, 837 198, 833 10, 084 12, 397 172, 453 13, 434 198, 284 47, 535 255, 903 9,725 22. 871 148, 642 2, 100 22. 240 195. 853 77, 432 283, 010 10, 585 12, 908 152, 376 2, 359 16, 289 183, 932 41, 493 236, 010 19, 218 13, 965 13. 965 171, 269 1,678 21,231 222, 108 57, 521 298, 847 35, 714 52. 678 393.298 13, 755 43, 219 502, 950 173, 581 712, 245 7, 027 8, 876 135. 314 2,072 18, 832 165, 094 45, 449 217. 570 11, 000 4, 050 25,700 183,000 3,100 10,200 226, 050 84,000 321, 050 10, 373 8, 375 119,331 3,338 17, 341 148, 385 61, 361 220, 119 11, 243 3,800 4,000 195, 058 2, 050 29, 491 234, 399 89, 822 335, 461 10, 867 4, 100 4, 500 225, 998 6,786 30, 559 271, 943 124, 707 407, 517 13, 201 10, 175 206, 954 5, 964 7,200 230, 293 92, 615 336, 109 9, 915 6, 660 3,960 111. 252 3,824 8, 732 134, 428 56, 319 200, 662 9, 917 4, 212 4, 484 150, 832 1,808 13, 135 174, 471 50,831 235. 219 176, 565 36, 787 194, 709 2. 502, 359 48. 834 262. 801 3, 045, 490 1, 036, 503 4, 258, 558 105, 152 111, 582 1, 549, 248 16, 814 184, 943 1,862, 587 511, 216 2, 478, 955 11,012 5,083 223, 414 2,290 25, 782 256, 569 67, 102 334,683 13, 939 5,000 217, 136 17, 108 239, 244 47, 723 300, 906 10, 705 14, 617 162. 497 1, 818 18, 392 197, 324 50, 460 258, 489 9, 398 13, 150 144, 880 16, 904 174, 934 43, 956 228,288 9,190 13, 600 143, 147 2, 466 26, 062 185, 275 32, 026 226, 491 16, 716 20,700 231, 149 7,200 28, 964 288,013 79, 731 384,460 11, 657 29,870 157, 914 1,230 26, 563 215, 577 73, 436 300, 670 315 316 317 31S 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 3*7 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 3138 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Table 3 .—Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 N ebe ask A— Continued South Sioux City . . 1 1 6 34 1, 470 1, 257 175 York . 1 1 13 38 1, 198 1,113 179 North Dakota _ 6 11 75 210 7,797 6,960 179 Devils Lake . 1 1 14 38 1, 286 1, 185 180 Dickinson _ 1 1 13 27 1, 264 1, 088 180 Mandan _ _ _ 1 1 11 29 1, 263 1, 046 180 Valley City _ 1 2 H 33 1,063 994 175 WahpetonI _ _ 1 1 12 21 760 691 175 Williston . . . 1 5 14 62 2, 161 1, 956 180 Ohio . . . 65 8 136 1, 012 2, 473 94, 348 86, 303 177 Bedford _ 1 7 34 94 3, 508 3,128 180 Bellevue . . . 2 1 15 39 1, 392 1, 310 170 Celina. . . . . 1 3 15 42 1, 616 1, 491 174 Circleville _ _ 1 1 18 59 2 336 2 027 176 Dover . . . . 1 3 1 28 55 2,017 1, 882 176 Gallipolis . . . . 1 2 16 44 1, 798 1, 647 180 Grandview Heights . 1 2 12 50 1, 438 1, 359 176 Greenville . 1 3 25 46 2,200 1, 946 175 Jackson _ 1 2 17 41 2, 017 1, 691 175 Logan _ ] 2 11 40 l’ 499 ll 354 180 Maumee . . ... 1 3 22 45 1,896 1, 687 180 Medina _ _ 1 2 17 41 1, 541 1, 400 171 Miamisburg . . . . 1 4 18 56 2, 294 2,055 180 Napoleon . . . __ 1 2 15 24 1, 032 984 177 North College Hill-.. . - 1 3 9 44 1,601 1,434 186 Norwalk . 1 1 1 22 43 1, 626 1,533 173 Oak wood . . . 1 4 23 68 1, 702 1, 590 182 Port Clinton _ 1 1 18 33 1, 429 1, 255 180 Ravenna . . . . 1 1 19 46 1, 636 1.522 176 St. Bernard _ _ _ 1 2 16 24 562 504 182 Toronto . . . 1 5 23 41 1,403 1, 369 180 Uhrichsville _ 1 2 17 30 1,376 1, 299 175 Urbana . . . . . 1 5 21 43 1, 744 1,691 176 Upper Arlington . 4 3 27 72 2, 524 2, 351 176 W adsworth _ _ 2 2 22 35 1, 836 1, 723 173 Wellston _ 1 1 12 32 1, 462 1, 329 173 Wickliffe . . . 1 2 10 40 1, 436 1,338 174 Wyoming . . 1 2 13 32 1, 102 1,029 181 Other cities _ _ 32 4 67 497 1, 214 46, 325 42, 375 177 South Dakota . . 7 15 114 263 8,876 7,752 179 Brookings _ _ 1 3 16 52 1, 444 1, 324 178 Hot Springs _ 1 2 11 22 891 750 180 Lead _ _ _ _ 1 2 16 43 1, 490 1, 255 174 Madison _ 1 18 26 922 806 180 Pierre _ _ _ 1 2 21 50 1,738 1,449 180 Vermillion . . . 1 2 11 30 827 807 181 Yankton . 1 4 21 40 1,564 1, 361 180 Wisconsin . 27 6 48 465 868 34,768 30, 778 179 Anti go . . . . 1 2 2 26 46 1, 818 1, 665 180 Baraboo _ _ 1 1 20 39 1, 614 1, 490 178 Menomonie _ . 1 5 12 42 1, 658 1,405 173 Merrill 1 1 2 30 42 1,815 1, 575 176 Oconomowoc . . . 1 2 19 42 1, 696 1, 445 182 1 footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 107 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 8 12 17 18 $8. 972 13,563 $4. 537 5, 025 $115, 724 153. 387 $1,810 $11, 411 13, 757 $131, 672 173. 979 $37, 431 79, 351 $178, 075 266, 893 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 79, 727 50,700 968,765 5, 575 63,739 1, 088, 779 274,378 1, 442, ! 11. 199 9,620 17,046 12, 004 11,464 18, 394 4,700 5, 400 4,200 9,000 4,900 22,500 $34, 480 711, 587 187, 361 153, 878 140, 832 164, 440 85, 883 236, 371 2, 400 13, 128, 899 1,575 1,600 11,316 2. 726 12, 919 12, 187 8, 606 15, 985 203, 377 164, 404 157, 951 185, 627 100, 964 276, 456 167, 949 957, 709 15, 000, 624 54, 387 42, 697 35, 946 50, 927 34,220 56, 201 268, 963 216, 721 210, 943 248, 558 146, 648 351, 051 6, 089, 022 21, 997, 9M 29, 097 17. 975 15, 070 19, 200 21, 929 10, 275 17, 074 21, 165 13, 239 12, 044 17, 909 14,883 17, 816 15, 080 14, 020 18, 210 16. 140 23,175 15, 066 17, 971 14, 588 11. 526 18,066 17, 456 14, 748 9, 850 13, 066 15, 690 445, 980 12, 717 4, 833 16, 930 32, 471 5, 475 16, 748 4,766 6, 021 8, 850 12, 780 15,984 9,200 9, 300 16, 105 8,945 21, 719 10, 000 15, 407 5, 958 26, 700 5, 275 5, 497 11, 24, 591 9,534 21, 802 19,128 10, 717 4,561 10,583 13,000 349, 390 489, 853 197, 395 198, 000 257,688 287, 380 221, 421 262, 342 268, 726 192, 263 183, 470 251, 308 190, 976 264, 818 145, 030 183, 531 242, 398 440, 358 192, 236, 757 176, 997 251, 879 162, 375 210, 088 421, 805 240, 318 141, 912 172, 571 198, 153 6, 446, 301 5, 212 2, '666 5, 400 2, 8,997 5,431 4, 040 2, 640 8, 541 1, 850 1, 48, 315 16, 807 20, 450 11, 303 21,276 5,314 1, 814 7, 626 1, 900 3,375 1,853 8,063 2, 220 1,825 5,943 2,378 82, 463 18,833 19, 425 17, 491 20, 273 17, 764 33.889 7, 371 9, 893 18, 143 19, 348 5, 833 12, 532 6,714 29, 995 17,319 14, 608 29,983 17. 889 8, 681 15, 019 14, 007 470, 236 575, 851 219, 677 237, 198 279, 157 327, 394 238,275 293.117 308, 974 224. 928 212, 901 296, 227 219, 535 322, 114 162, 401 208, 831 273, 146 494, 032 203, 894 256, 686 194, 791 309, 840 189, 228 248, 351 478, 979 271, 144 156, 979 204, 116 227,538 7, 365, 320 314, 091 91, 794 145, 711 183, 659 94, 401 19, 389 126, 623 108. 074 107, 706 88, 470 122, 127 103, 526 224, 315 57, 047 70, 492 101, 809 166, 992 64, 619 81, 046 95, 811 112, 346 51, 315 83, 858 138, 686 75, 935 56, 203 97, 275 115, 987 !, 989, 715 919, 039 329, 446 397, 979 482, 016 443, 724 267, 939 436, 814 438, 213 345, 873 313. 415 436, 263 337, 944 564,245 234, 528 293, 343 393, 165 677, 164 291,688 352, 798 308, 573 436, 774 252, 069 350, 275 635, 121 361, 827 223, 032 314, 457 359, 215 10, 801, 015 89,534 78, 939 1, 177, 295 10, 377 1, 355, 310 411, 392 1,856,236 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 13, 337 8, 093 18, 244 10, 077 12, 227 9,500 18, 056 14, 090 6, 800 17, 000 12, 049 11,000 18,000 207, 581 86, 932 196, 820 141, 697 215, 401 128, 782 200, 082 4,324 2,302 3, 75i 16,339 4, 122 14, 11, 097 27,159 3,000 12, 516 242,334 97, 854 230, 152, 794 258.360 142, 782 230, 598 62, 354 23, 575 68, 841 61, 430 78,403 40, 344 76, 445 318, 025 129, 522 317, 673 224, 301 348 192’, 626 325, 099 343, 448 27, 667 249,998 424 107, 077 504, 424 5. 853, 2, 308, 795 8, 505, 833 12, 865 13,630 8, 603 30, 276 14,840 8,942 5,500 10,050 5,400 21, 725 11, 205 12,880 260,567 209, 667 196, 195 239,731 244,300 5,887 1,601 5, 4,729 6,495 36, 409 22, 348 17, 335 20, 863 17, 217 321, 855 239, 016 241, 253 282, 028 280, 892 136, 337 111, 708 96, 256 130,602 471, 057 418 364. 354 419 339, 225 420 408, 560 421 426, 334|422 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 5,000 434 441 444 462 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 _ [ 7 8 9 W isconsin— continued 1 3 11 21 924 770 177 1 2 23 62 2, 087 1,852 178 1 1 17 34 1,299 1, 125 175 1 1 26 28 1,344 1,130 178 2 2 15 29 1, 169 1,101 179 Wfist' "Rp.nd 1 2 25 39 1,606 1,480 184 2 2 19 29 1, 119 1,028 185 Other cities - 13 3 23 222 415 16, 619 14, 712 179 SOUTH . - . 280 102 915 3, 613 14, 460 526, 067 455, 539 177 Alabama . . 23 4 42 221 1, 046 38, 248 33, 958 177 Alexander City - - 1 1 5 16 77 2, 921 2,700 176 Andalusia _ _ 1 1 11 48 1,652 1, 470 175 Atmore 7 . _ 1 16 637 551 175 Attalla 1 4 40 1,471 1,322 175 Cullman _ _ _ 1 3 19 57 2, 050 1,739 175 Jasper _ _ _ - - 2 1 7 41 1, 603 1,275 175 Opp - 1 1 1 9 31 1,067 923 176 Ozark _ - 1 2 15 63 2,539 2, 259 176 Tarrant City. _ 1 3 9 63 2, 005 1,821 188 Troy 1 4 15 62 2, 261 2, 104 175 Other cities . . . . 12 2 22 116 548 20, 042 17, 794 177 Arkansas _ 25 2 74 266 1,175 49, 321 41, 133 176 Batesville _ _ _ 1 3 14 41 1,831 1,551 180 Benton . . . . 1 1 5 11 72 3,149 2,632 180 Conway 1 4 10 58 2,226 2,027 175 Forest City 4 5 22 130 5, 438 4,296 174 Harrison _ 1 5 13 45 1,781 1,603 174 Newport _ 1 7 19 81 3, 408 2, 878 172 Osceola 1 3 13 39 1,981 1,602 178 1 Paragould _ _ 1 1 10 41 1,814 1,400 180 ! Russellville _ _ _ 1 3 15 59 2, 188 1,891 176 Stuttgart 1 3 13 52 2, 127 1,756 173 i Other cities _ _ _ 12 1 35 126 557 23, 378 19, 497 176 i Delaware . . . . 5 11 129 269 9, 994 8, 966 180 ' Dover _ _ _ _ 1 3 26 62 2, 222 1,909 180 i Elsmere (Oak Grove School) . 1 1 11 36 1,102 1,032 180 ) Milford _ _ 1 26 42 1,822 1,555 180 ) Newark 1 3 29 69 2, 528 2, 309 180 1 New Castle . . . 1 4 37 60 2, 320 2,161 180 } Georgia . . 11 1 43 180 714 27, 947 23, 740 180 1 Carrollton _ 1 5 11 56 2, 329 2,011 180 1 Carters ville _ 1 15 56 1,993 1,631 180 ’> Cedartown _ 1 7 14 72 2, 720 2, 284 180 5 Cordele .. 1 6 i 11 64 2,711 2, 166 i 180 1 Douglas . . . 1 3 19 58 2, 656 2, 302 ! 180 5 Elberton _ 1 4 15 57 1,926 1,715 i 180 ) Fitzgerald . . . 1 3 15 61 2,282 1,918 ; 180 ) Newnan _ 1 5 i 21 77 2, 928 2, 486 l 180 L Thomaston _ 1 5 i 32 87 3, 370 2,988 I 180 2 Tifton . . . 1 1 3 ; 12 75 i 2, 936 2, 409 1 180 5 Toccoa... . . . 1 2 ! 15 51 2,096 1,830 i 180 footnotes at the end of GroupJIV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 109 public-school systems in cities by region and State :^19 5 3-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other s Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 10 12 18 $10, 040 20,484 9,184 10, 857 10,4)0 14, 916 23, 185 164, 168 3. 871, 364 $13, 225 $12, 600 10, 775 4,700 4, 671 14, 493 11,000 11, 000 119, 499 468, 932 4, 041, 846 $105, 265 327, 366 176, 221 184, 108 158, 100 252, 065 237,843 2, 372, $3, 610 3, 103 1, 475 5,502 6,951 10, 543 51, 183 55, 511, 014 446, 940 $11, 905 39, 909 17, 491 12,528 16, 091 24, 925 26,288 241, 115 2, 359, 860 $129, 770 381, 660 201, 515 202, 782 194, 186 294, 941 285, 674 2, 798, 018 62, 828, 592 $47, 055 117, 279 79, 918 40, 643 87, 532 80, 947 187, 544 1, 103, 605 14, 330, 642 $186, 865 519,423 290, 617 254,282 292, 118 390, 804 496, 403 4, 065, 791 81, 030, 598 207, 177 9,532 10, 062 7, 453 6, 851 18, 500 9, 230 9, 341 7, 555 10, 319 9, 773 108, 561 15, 126 181, 292 3, 449, 816 8, 246 109, 914 3, 764, 394 663, 172 4, 634, 743 3,600 21,237 4,159 7, 926 15,000 4, 127 4, 777 9, 878 13, 941 13, 176 94, 997 248, 505 170, 229 46, 753 119, 214 196, 000 113, 431 110, 899 190, 764 220, 082 226, 236 1,807,703 2,800 1,125 4, 321 11,080 5, 281 2, 169 2, 017 5, 000 1,136 8, 396 5,303 6, 484 5, 453 57, 595 287, 222 180, 794 48, 922 121, 231 216, 000 118, 694 127, 672 205, 945 240, 507 244, 865 , 972, 542 107, 246 23,989 7, 228 17, 557 33,000 13, 484 12, 88~ 52, 960 28, 563 18, 756 347, 502 404, 214, 63, 145, 267, 141, 149, 266, 279, 273, 2, 428, 201, 032 7, 053 11, 562 11, 089 19, 970 8, 402 12, 013 8,623 10, 5, 250 11,004 95, 289 5, 513 254, 314 3, 317, 345 24,838 50,274 3, 652, 284 1, 169, 154 5, 022, 470 444 2,900 2, 613 12, 500 17, 000 16, 300 19,590 15,000 19, 718 8, 4,150 9, 845 10,800 120, 545 110, 753 204, 202 182. 356 322, 889 126. 352 216, 870 125, 965 127, 752 173, 325 154, 460 1, 572, 421 797 3,273 2,305 1, 2, 341 2, 11, 773 1,275 5, 206 3,788 1,248 1, 6, 005 2, 218 1,500 3,600 23,830 124, 528 229, 308 203, 241 347, 000 142, 956 244, 898 137, 049 135, 282 189, 111 167, 729 1, 731, 182 33, 957 44, 456 34, 782 129, 475 54, 271 77, 271 35, 504 30, 807 102, 444 72, 008 554, 179 165, 285, 249, 496, 205, 334, 181, 176, 296, 250, 2, 380, 66, 466 17, 726 9,376 11,512 10. 601 17, 251 60,300 1, 574, 997 27, 794 101, 007 1, 764, 1 346, 316 2,176,880 17,420 4, ‘ 18, 300 19, 980 345, 321 162, 505 294, 995 416, 225 355, 951 4, 843 7, 996 13, 047 1. 25, 879 9, 434 16, 346 30,037 19, 311 388, 620 181, 382 319, 337 477, 609 397, 150 69, 216 44, 54" 62. 686 72, 906 96, 961 475, 562 235, 305 393, 535 561, 116 511, 362 125, 911 4,704 190, 539 2, 578, 450 6,633 116, 503 2, 896, 829 789,005 3,811,745 7, 70 9,909 12, 721 7, 8, 105 12, 530 13, 031 17, 396 14, 654 13, 305 9, 18, 458 30, 035 24,000 14, 400 19,540 13, 700 22, 099 21, 627 17, 433 9, 247 190, 980 200, 527 241, 470 211,663 218. 300 212, 876 218, 100 292, 322 365, 588 242, 546 184, 078 2,110 1, 035 3,488 3, 757 8, 085 15, 358 4, 275 7, 490 7,383 16, 155 9,127 21,283 17,016 6, 574 215, 305 208, 612 287. 898 239, 938 240,190 239, 799 247, 955 327, 036 408, 498 281, 699 199. 899 37, 995 76,686 74, 270 70, 338 31,830 128,883 24, 423 68, 510 54, 385 93, 022 128, 663 261, 295, 374, 317, 280, 381, 285, 412, 477, 388, 337, 00' 207 889 439 125 212 409 942 470 537 471 026:472 952 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 600 501 502 603 504 505 606 507 508 509 510 611 612 513 614 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Kentucky . Bellevue... . Corbin . Danville _ Dayton . . Erlanger Elsmere _ Elizabethtown _ Glasgow.. . Harrodsburg . Ludlow . . Mayfield _ _ Murray _ Winchester . . Other cities . . Mississippi _ Aberdeen . . . . Brookhaven . Canton.. . . . Columbia . . . . Corinth . . . Grenada . . . Kosciusko ® . . . . Picayune . . Starkville _ Yazoo City.. . . Other cities . . North Carolina. Asheboro _ _ _ Chapel Hill « . . Hendersonville . . Laurinburg . . Lumberton . . Mooresville . . Morganton . . . Newton . . . Roanoke Rapids . . Washington . . Other cities . . . Oklahoma . . Altus . . Alva . . Bethany _ Claremore... Clinton . . Drumright... Elk City _ Frederick _ Henryetta... Hobart . . Holdenville.. Hugo . . Pauls Valley. Pawhuska... Perry . . Woodward... Other cities.. Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 21 61 201 813 30,094 26, 145 177 1 2 10 27 901 778 190 1 4 9 31 1,311 1,160 176 1 4 13 61 1,949 1, 664 178 1 3 8 34 1,352 1,108 192 1 1 9 33 1,115 970 176 1 3 9 36 1, 486 1,229 175 1 2 10 48 1,798 1,678 173 1 2 7 39 1, 102 1,046 176 1 2 6 23 866 766 173 1 5 12 56 2,196 1,915 175 1 3 14 24 1,233 1, 094 175 1 4 8 52 1, 875 1,521 175 9 26 86 349 12, 910 11,216 177 13 3 51 137 806 32,806 28, 088 180 1 4 10 62 2, 514 2, 021 180 1 3 13 67 2, 492 2, 252 180 1 5 10 112 4, 471 3,733 180 1 4 11 47 1,944 1, 675 180 1 5 12 60 2, 210 1,911 180 1 3 11 56 2, 469 2, 302 180 1 5 7 54 1,982 1,738 179 1 3 9 48 2, 042 1,683 180 1 2 3 9 50 2, 198 1,915 180 1 4 13 64 2, 906 2,370 180 3 1 12 32 186 7,578 6, 488 180 19 10 87 243 1,299 46, 772 41, 772 180 1 1 6 20 98 3, 579 3, 160 180 1 3 9 59 1,886 1,776 180 1 3 14 53 1, 823 1,681 180 1 i 6 13 81 3,207 2,694 180 1 l 4 8 80 2, 964 2, 637 180 1 l 5 10 68 2, 283 2,073 180 2 6 14 68 2, 438 2,263 180 1 i 5 14 62 2,172 2, 050 180 1 8 23 88 3, 197 2,934 180 1 i 5 18 107 3, 953 3, 394 180 8 4 36 100 535 19, 270 17, 210 180 25 110 411 891 39, 666 33, 213 177 1 6 17 62 2,710 2,104 175 1 4 17 34 1,342 1, 211 175 1 2 14 22 1, 129 953 175 1 4 22 33 1,662 1, 419 176 1 6 13 46 1, 777 1,510 180 1 3 8 34 1, 336 1,091 175 2 5 22 36 1, 727 1,424 179 1 4 19 36 1,692 1,429 177 1 8 23 41 2,100 1,805 180 1 5 20 30 1, 554 1,199 176 1 6 17 30 1,485 1,255 180 1 6 14 43 1, 729 1, 428 180 1 5 12 59 2, 190 1,821 178 1 4 18 27 1,344 1,151 175 1 3 20 29 1,227 1,082 175 1 3 18 32 1,453 1,271 175 8 36 137 297 13, 209 11,060 177 footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 111 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 10 11 13 18 $289, 746 $224, 028 $2, 505, 709 $11,422 $99,301 $2, 840, 460 $824, 224 $3, 954, 430 474 14, 448 12, 698 14, 658 13,676 15,866 17, 722 10,564 14.500 13, 339 14. 501 8,588 14,885 124,301 8, 750 11, 985 14, 057 15, 718 6, 101 11, 172 8, 009 10, 600 7,430 11, 657 9,000 13, 441 96, 108 115,006 89, 526 192, 082 102, 916 100,849 115, 125 132, 508 98,000 74, 870 160, 110 102, 307 147, 464 1,074,946 1,817 2,070 1, 1,335 4,900 3, 1, 6, 423 4, 856 4, 121 4, 727 1,563 7, 100 2, 8, 033 6, 612 5, 529 42, 127, 416 103, 200 214, 379 125, 560 111,071 131, 024 142, 115,700 84,688 179, 800 119, 219 167, 769 1, 218, 554 26, 272 26, 562 77, 553 34, 296 29, 893 28,087 44, 011 51,821 29,435 47, 787 29, 466 45, 450 353, 591 142, 306, 173, 156, 176, 196, 182, 127, 242, 157, 228, 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 4S6 487 145, 800 $7, 737 182, 503 1,839,738 70, 269 2, 112, 332 543, 593 2, 801, 725 488 12, 700 8, 321 17,576 11,311 12, 513 9,343 6, 758 12, 635 6,697 14, 266 33,680 5,950 ~ 1 787 12, 480 11, 575 19, 095 12,220 17, 650 12, 000 14, 440 15,150 11,500 14, 235 42, 158 113, 541 167, 265 199, 003 125, 529 171, 280 155, 079 101, 348 108, 423 119, 358 153, 933 424, 979 i, 040 1,500 2, 625 1,128 2, 792 1,947 3, 574 9,500 3, 233 6,530 6, 167 6, 127 2,982 4, 323 9, 654 16, 232 127, 968 186, 454 227, 598 140, 982 195, 460 174, 746 124, 540 126, 555 141, 131 178, 950 487,948 35, 576 42, 978 60,880 21, 883 45, 776 32, 323 59,314 40, 455 27, 882 50, 956 125, 570 176, 244 237, 753 306, 054 174, 176 253, 749 216, 412 190, 612 179, 645 175, 710 244, 172 647, 198 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 245,879 42, 446 437, 480 5, 029, 228 26, 944 132, 238 5, 668, 336 1,136, 064 7, 050, 279 500 15, 505 12, 772 13, 149 14,596 13, 937 13, 091 13, 315 11, 930 20, 847 15, 435 101, 302 3, 120 4,730 4, 100 3,! 4,530 17,488 30, 916 14,032 13,411 30, 310 21,010 26, 755 30, 365 24,693 41, 256 24, 490 180, 242 220, 984 230,231 292, 122 275, 256 259, 973 271, 305 240, 261 380, 547 399, 812 2,072, 041 1,474 3, 130 900 2, 529 1,537 1, 133 5, 140 11, 101 13, 199 7,033 6, 454 5,533 10, 323 5, 864 8, 833 6, 013 7,282 7, 222 54, 482 436, 783 242, 049 253, 226 331, 985 313, 848 298, 229 311,636 274, 947 429, 085 441, 194 2,335, 354 93, 563 30, 938 43, 165 60, 271 47, 918 50, 381 61,001 68, 228 131, 026 81,515 468,058 545, 285, 309, 406, 375, 361, 385, 355, 580, 538, 2, 904, 349, 862 465, 193 4, 272, 728 6,847 158, 103 4, 901, 871 1, 126, 839 6,378, 572 512 11, 782 10, 527 17, 571 6, 834 21, 430 13, 906 11, 749 10, 405 6, 272 8, 325 16, 953 21,720 11,090 13. 597 27, 472 23, 725 116,504 24.700 17,000 8,800 17,050 24, 420 12, 575 21.500 19.700 32, 722 21, 800 26, 400 24,600 18,150 14.500 12,867 13.500 154, 262, 507 155, 290 113,400 176,845 212, 756 134, 234 186, 029 169, 875 215, 636 172, 206 155, 659 180, 148 226,832 154, 644 162,110 171, 739 1,422,818 3,900 1,947 10, 876 7,228 5, 1,832 9, 557 5, 413 6, 956 4,609 4, 430 4,036 5, 131 14, 305 10, 090 8, 703 6, 362 62,648 298, 083 179, 518 128, 146 194, 876 239, 008 156, 366 212, 942 196, 531 252, 967 202, 336 186, 095 209, 879 259, 287 179, 234 183, 680 190, 601 1, 632, 322 42, 073 47, 531 24, 502 33, 826 65, 656 44, 445 51, 858 51, 227 47, 294 47, 372 54, 527 43, 897 47, 504 47, 856 58, 605 43, 429 375, 237 351, 237, 170, 235, 326, 214, 276, 258, 306, 258, 257, 275, 317, 240, 257, 2, 124,063,529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 50 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 S BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV —CITIES OF 5,000 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) attend¬ ance > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 South Carolina . 22 8 62 272 1,410 49, 964 42, 710 180 Clinton _ _ 2 12 12 119 3, 974 3, 325 5, 746 2, 308 7, 341 3,381 2, 891 4, 733 1,989 6, 339 180 Hartsville 6 _ _ 1 3 23 95 179 5 5 33 135 180 Marion ®. . . 1 3 16 59 179 Newberry _ 1 4 4 43 226 180 1 4 9 71 2, 288 24, 982 2, 022 180 Other cities _ _ 11 4 31 136 705 21,355 180 Tennessee... _ _ 15 53 120 646 23, 828 21, 599 176 1 5 10 45 1, 778 1,940 1,037 2,426 1,716 1,916 1, 569 1,783 977 178 Athens 7 . . . . 1 5 4 62 175 Franklin 7 _ _ 1 2 6 35 175 2 7 17 58 2, 275 1,573 1,732 175 Harriman _ _ .. 1 4 17 39 175 Lebanon 7 _ 1 3 4 53 175 Lenoir City _ _ 1 2 10 39 1,627 1,664 1,294 1,453 1,527 1,205 1, 328 6,177 176 Maryville .. . . _ 1 4 10 49 177 McMinnville 7 _ . 1 3 4 35 175 Paris 7 _ 1 3 4 56 1,615 6, 815 175 Other cities . . . 4 15 34 185 176 Texas - - 96 73 307 1,376 5,154 169, 580 147, 209 175 Alamo Heights _ ... 1 1 5 18 113 3, 456 2, 810 175 Alpine. _ _ _ _ 1 3 11 36 1,089 4,125 923 175 Arlington . . . . 1 2 5 20 120 3, 756 175 Athens _ _ _ 1 1 3 13 60 1,831 1,680 175 Bay City - - 1 4 20 75 2, 628 2, 401 175 Beeville... . _ _ - 1 1 5 18 69 2,608 2,319 175 Belton . . . . ... 2 2 5 13 52 1,819 1,684 177 Brenham _ . - 1 1 2 20 51 1,782 1,587 175 Childress . . . . 1 1 2 12 57 1,472 1,347 175 Coleman . . . . 1 1 5 12 51 1,540 1,411 176 Colorado... - - 1 1 2 16 52 1,765 1, 622 175 Commerce _ _ _ 1 4 12 30 1,120 976 176 Conroe _ _ _ _ . 1 5 22 114 3, 222 1, 575 2, 807 1,355 176 Crockett - - 1 1 5 15 50 175 Dalhart.. . - _ _ . 2 5 14 45 1,319 2,791 1,266 2,038 1,994 176 Donna _ _ 1 4 13 63 176 El Campo . . . . 2 1 3 27 63 2,284 175 Freeport (Brazoport) _ 5 11 11 59 186 6,205 5, 483 176 Gladewater . . 2 2 4 15 72 2, 212 1, 928 177 Henderson _ _ 1 3 15 90 2, 463 2,190 176 Hereford . . . . 1 1 5 17 69 2,597 1,874 175 Hillsboro _ 1 1 18 58 1,956 2, 064 1,721 175 Kermit _ ... ... 2 4 28 69 1,748 175 Kerrville _ _ 1 4 14 68 1,871 1,656 177 Kilgore _ _ _ 1 8 31 114 3, 097 2, 630 175 Levelland _ _ _ 1 1 5 43 87 3, 342 2, 467 175 Lockhart . . . . 1 1 2 17 61 2, 235 1,815 176 Marlin _ 1 3 23 80 2,600 i 1, 513 * 2, 300 175 Mexia _ _ 1 2 9 49 1, 365 i 175 Monahans _ 1 1 8 21 55 1,764 1, 691 175 Mount Pleasant _ _ 1 1 2 : 24 60 2, 196 i 2,028 ; 176 Navasota . . . . 1 2 5 15 63 1,875 i 1, 728 ; 175 Raymondville - 2 1 6 i 21 63 2,603 1, 987 937 177 Rusk _ _ . _ _ 1 2 2 ! 9 32 1, 038 176 Sulphur Springs _ _ 1 3 22 66 2, 423 2, 115 i 176 Uvalde . . . 1 1 2 : 18 75 2, 565 i 2, 159 i 175 ^Weatherford . 2 7 8 76 1 2,349 i 2, 101 175 footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 113 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other s structional 1 (actual j Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) s visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 16 I? 18 $189, 476 $33, 702 $247, 958 $4, 939, 712 $18, 198 $186,060 , $5, 425, 630 $814, 728 $6,429,834 530 20,947 42, 070 335, 796 9, 941 387, 807 41, 734 ! 450, 488 ^531 19,298 14, 447 362, 555 35, 259 412, 261 75,840 ! 507, 399 532 22, 689 22, 028 557, 068 7,599 4, 685 591, 380 54,477 668,546 !533 9, 011 11,940 205, 270 4,868 222, 078 41, 179 272,268 534 14, 364 16, 851 16, 851 793, 119 — 27,990 854, 811 139,960 1, 009. 135 535 8, 429 16, 643 216, 048 1,500 10, 287 244,478 54,174 307, 081 536 94,738 16, 851 123, 979 2, 469, 856 9,099 93, 030 2, 712, 815 407, 364 3, 214, 917 537 152, 571 200,664 2, 124, 442 9,255 177,480 2, 511, 841 525,289 3,189,701 538 11,599 21, 557 158, 087 17,791 197, 435 26, 813 I 235, 847 539 10; 311 17’ 250 14l' 405 14, 286 172, 941 43, 190 226,442 540 13; 200 6, 675 117; 238 1,227 4, 168 129, 308 19, 279 161, 787 541 12,760 29, 578 250, 024 1,300 9, 550 290, 452 48,840 352, 052 542 12, 148 15, 112 168, 641 14, 565 198, 318 33, 735 244, 201 543 11,941 7, 953 146, 324 17. 255 171, 532 22, 110 205, 583 544 7, 350 8, 425 119, 597 13, 732 141, 754 29, 498 178, 602 545 12, 350 14, 754 184, 630 1,843 14, 058 215, 285 85, 585 313,220 546 6,096 11,500 98,294 8,800 118, 594 29, 525 154, 215 547 11, 181 10, 470 132, 612 2,238 12, 516 157, 836 36, 481 205, 498 548 43, 635 57, 390 607, 590 2, 647 50, 759 718, 386 150,233 912, 254 549 1, 834, 778 356,104 1, 538, 359 22, 976, 273 271, 267 1, 111, 398 26, 253, 401 6, 168, 599 34, 256, 778 550 53, 805 5,124 23, 875 523, 192 14, 192 23. 950 590,333 141, 881 786,019 551 9,119 11, 726 156, 654 1,250 169,630 21,507 200, 256 552 38,542 9, 450 26, 902 463, 037 3,500 22, 365 525, 254 92, 124 655, 920 553 20,932 4, 650 15, 414 232, 681 2,000 9, 100 263, 845 53, 864 338, 641 554 36, 323 22, 252 342, 511 21, 471 386,234 102, 512 525, 069 555 29,181 4,680 22,500 281,831 14, 132 323, 143 63,265 415, 589 556 18, 374 7,126 19, 810 192, 572 2,580 18,580 240,668 61,111 320,153 557 14, 860 6,000 12, 399 203, 031 2,880 224, 310 37, 991 277, 161 558 18, 034 4, 779 11, 394 224, 408 13, 734 254,315 49, 629 321, 978 559 17, 281 4,300 22, 378 201,694 5, 577 233,949 47, 968 299, 198 560 17, 824 3,700 9, 450 231,446 1,350 5, 913 251, 859 59, 965 329,648 561 16, 038 21,200 149, 235 3, 100 8, 137 181, 672 38, 040 235, 750 562 45,620 29, 472 548, 891 10, 650 35, 872 624,885 190, 877 861, 382 563 17,383 3, 106 24,154 203, 814 9, 193 240, 267 38, 911 296, 561 564 15, 077 23, 827 192, 184 5,082 14, 003 235,096 63,445 313, 618 565 23, 778 18,638 234,831 6, 872 260, 341 69, 376 353, 495 566 34, 100 5,080 13, 864 313, 255 4, 450 23, 750 360,399 90,600 485, 099 567 65, 732 63,592 72, 786 1, 114, 741 37, 570 36, 693 1, 325, 382 312, 654 1, 703, 768 568 34,908 10, 012 22,000 417, 257 12, 347 27, 537 489,153 201, 932 725, 993 569 20, 430 16,696 332, 989 5,740 12, 620 368, 045 87, 991 476,466 570 21, 032 4, 620 24,296 289, 425 8, 436 326, 777 93, 167 440, 976 571 20,532 5,000 246,234 2,360 6, 557 260,151 69,274 349, 957 572 40,040 24,349 397, 947 8, 368 24, 399 455, 063 130, 425 625, 528 573 25, 609 20, 470 268, 272 14, 786 303, 528 47, 180 376, 317 574 39, 026 41,548 545,238 5, 514 22, 561 614, 861 160, 879 814, 766 575 30,428 4,755 25, 689 445, 513 2,443 33, 525 511, 925 119, 901 662,254 576 12, 277 i 4,900 10,744 258, 379 9, 043 283, 066 59,250 354, 593 577 17,783 .. _ 16, 188 322, 630 1,485 7,790 348, 093 80, 536 446, 412 578 14, 527 9, 312 233, 102 3,500 7,383 253, 297 43, 197 311,021 579 27, 338 4,800 38,400 321, 702 3, 592 10, 513 379, 007 96, 963 503, 308 580 16, 169 4,240 12, 006 278, 874 14, 787 309, 907 45, 252 371,3281581 16, 056 8, 486 20,303 235, 062 10,944 274, 795 63, 721 i 354, 572 582 27, 534 5,000 25, 737 250, 213 3,568 13, 136 297, 654 64, 676 389, 864 583 15, 190 8, 120 136, 567 5, 422 150, 109 46, 049 1 211,348 1584 20, 828 4,420 12,384 297, 036 1,517 12, 496 327, 853 66,099 , 414, 780 585 24, 012 4,780 10, 956 294, 724 1,819 22, 226 334, 505 64, 020 422, 537 1 586 14, 928 i 29, 517 275, 314 928 7,934 313, 693 46, 816 1 375,437|587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 697 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV —CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Texas— Continued Weslaco _ _ 1 2 6 14 91 2,957 2,797 175 Other cities . . 46 35 147 659 2,469 81, 229 70, 513 175 Virginia _ 5 1 14 57 237 7,847 7,006 180 Buena Vista . . . 1 1 7 26 1, 169 1,043 180 Clifton Forge. .. . ... 1 1 3 9 34 1,124 1,015 180 Falls Church . 1 2 17 46 1,624 1,457 180 Radford 1 6 g 66 1,963 1,758 180 Williamsburg . . . 1 2 16 65 1,967 1,733 180 WEST _ _ _ 180 113 510 3, 176 6, 599 273, 322 237,834 177 Arizona . . . . 15 10 51 334 632 31, 139 26,860 Douglas . . . 1 7 34 62 3, 024 2,688 176 Flagstaff _ _ _ 1 5 34 62 3,469 2,839 174 Glendale: Elementary District . 1 1 7 15 53 2,573 2, 156 169 High School District _ 2 1 2 40 20 1,373 1,331 172 Globe _ 1 3 21 43 2, 389 2, 063 173 Morenci . . . 1 1 5 19 67 2, 453 2,117 176 Nogales _ 1 1 1 19 34 1,720 1,409 170 Prescott . . 1 2 6 40 66 3,038 2,463 175 Tempe: Elementary District _ 1 3 20 58 2,976 2,532 162 High School District _ 1 1 17 13 782 659 174 Winslow . . . 1 2 2 24 44 2,027 1,732 177 Yuma: Elementary District . 2 2 7 19 99 3,760 3,533 166 High School District _ 1 2 32 21 1, 555 1,338 172 California _ 85 55 183 1,303 2, 785 114, 121 100,028 175 Banning . . . 2 2 20 34 1, 514 1,393 178 Claremont _ _ _ 1 3 28 31 1, 660 1, 573 176 Delano: Elementary District _ 2 4 12 55 1,933 1,610 175 High School District. ... 1 1 40 14 1, 197 1,017 175 El Monte: Elementary District . 4 6 10 61 181 7, 377 6, 830 175 High School District _ 3 2 98 80 4, 521 3, 716 177 El Segundo . . 1 1 5 18 76 2,751 2,319 178 Escondido:' Elementary District _ 2 4 20 64 2,260 2, 188 176 High School District _ 1 2 14 29 1,091 998 175 Grass Valley 7 _ _ 1 1 1 4 42 1,035 918 176 Huntington Beach: Elementary District _ 1 1 8 40 1, 105 940 178 High School District . 2 2 1 29 22 1, 078 916 177 Lindsay _ 1 4 18 36 1,615 1,372 175 Lompoc . . . 1 1 3 23 42 1,583 1, 473 176 Martinez: Elementary District _ 2 1 2 10 38 1,429 1,311 175 High School District _ 1 2 28 23 1, 065 905 175 Mill Valley 0 Elementary District _ 2 4 5 54 1,989 1,802 177 High School District _ 2 3 6 57 36 2,116 2,046 177 footnotes at.the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 115 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Da? Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 11 18 $25, 267 $7, 930 $25, 727 $314, 126 $3, 675 $33, 470 $384, 928 $90, 785 $500,980 588 878, 861 170, 574 736, 876 11, 005, 661 129, 937 532, 361 12, 575, 409 2, 954, 766 16, 409, 036 589 62,666 3,600 59,216 902, 576 24, 411 47, 313 1,037,116 223, 659 1,323,441 590 4,783 3,700 90, 722 3, 046 97, 468 16,531 118,782 I59I 4, 054 3,600 11,200 U9i 928 5,533 1,619 141,880 26, 629 172, 563 592 22, 298 12, 277 241, 854 10, 106 27, 652 291, 889 69, 072 383, 259 593 13, 036 22, 389 224, 781 1,825 12, 064 261, 059 54, 724 328, 819 594 18, 495 9,650 225, 291 6,947 2,932 244, 820 56,703 320, 018 595 2, 697, 263 617, 237 2,901, 368 41, 953, 206 857, 536 3, 218, 697 49, 548, 044 17, 432, 163 69, 677, 470 597 233, 926 46, 342 268, 378 3,989,153 59, 660 294, 186 4, 657, 719 1,288,308 6,179,953 598 14, 604 38, 775 431,901 4, 157 26, 099 500, 932 109, 442 624, 978 599 18, 168 24, 000 383, 257 5,624 24, 148 437, 029 142, 114 597, 311 600 14, 933 3,000 35,000 267, 125 4,000 9,073 318, 198 62,886 396,017 601 18, 553 2,951 13, 380 259, 315 15, 724 41, 933 333, 303 119, 220 471, 076 602 18, 009 15,900 269, 967 3, 300 15, 130 304, 297 81, 935 404, 241 603 15,340 4, 750 25, 950 324, 344 2,280 11, 769 369, 093 74, 047 458, 480 604 17,818 5, 451 5,842 223, 767 2, 559 12. 681 250, 300 61, 659 329, 777 605 17, 728 11,410 31, 924 424, 332 9,979 25,009 502, 654 116, 537 636, 919 606 13, 896 14, 375 283, 502 5,486 32, 866 336, 229 89, 502 439, 627 607 13, 787 6,050 134, 770 22, 529 163, 349 64, 052 241,188 608 12,903 9,780 13,080 293, 732 2,951 10, 349 329, 892 76, 024 418, 819 609 19, 527 9,000 34,052 460, 620 38, 719 542, 391 163, 565 725, 483 610 38, 660 10, 050 232, 521 3,600 23, 881 270, 052 127, 325 436,037 611 1,325,884 331,209 1,151,520 19, 349, 074 476, 277 1,681,358 22, 989, 438 7,896,151 32, 211, 473 612 18, 558 12,000 223, 968 1,309 22, 181 259,458 111, 721 389, 737 613 11, 792 21, 000 312, 997 27, 757 361, 754 106, 010 479, 556 614 14, 429 28,000 312, 506 26, 814 367, 320 108, 015 489, 764 615 15, 595 7,000 272, 388 13, 524 35, 728 328, 640 193, 511 537, 746 616 71, 194 41,234 65, 410 1,113,040 53, 641 54, 814 1,328,139 372, 293 1,771,626 617 60, 240 14, 277 984, 109 7, 139 135. 193 1, 140, 718 428, 194 1, 629, 152 618 36, 974 7,000 35,000 502, 740 34,446 48,633 627, 819 220, 881 885, 674 619 27,867 29, 424 350, 756 12, 132 23,052 415, 364 110, 024 553, 255 620 16, 995 12, 700 218, 267 10, 445 32, 168 273, 580 105, 180 395, 755 621 11, 728 4,600 4,600 173, 057 10, 568 192, 825 71, 403 275, 956 622 18, 573 7,000 244, 685 23,581 275, 266 97, 825 391,664 623 24,540 13, 970 8, 485 315, 515 24, 334 16, 076 378, 380 214, 326 617, 246 624 17, 936 22,150 249, 199 3,600 8, 925 283, 874 108, 901 410, 711 625 23,585 5,000 18,000 302,881 30, 567 356, 448 118, 210 498, 243 626 21, 924 6,480 13,430 240,781 11, 275 15, 459 287, 425 112,466 421,815 627 17, 138 12,500 252, 858 26, 709 292, 067 139, 690 448, 895 628 25, 076 21,000 237, 667 15, 580 274, 247 91, 397 390. 720 629 53, 156 23,300 ! 46, 600 492, 145 28.145 38, 302 628, 492 239, 879 921, 5271630 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Tabic 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV —CITIES OF 5,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Men Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 1 23456789 C ALIFORNI A— Con . 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 Mountain View: Elementary District _ High School District _ North Sacramento 7 _ Oroville: Elementary District _ High School District _ Palm Springs . ... . .. Porterville 7 _ _ .. Roseville: Elementary District . High School District _ San Anselmo 7 _ _ Selma: Elementary District . High School District _ Sierra Madre 7 _ Tracy: Elementary District _ High School District _ Ukiah: Elementary District _ High School District _ Upland . . . Yuba City: Elementary District . High School District _ Other cities _ 652 Colorado. 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 Alamosa . Canon City.. Durango _ Fort Morgan. La Junta 8... Lamar.. . Longmont _ Loveland.... Sterling 7 _ 662 Idaho 1 l 1 1 2 5 21 25 16 52 2, 090 1,733 26 1,318 1, 120 118 4,414 4, 226 175 178 175 1 _ 12 1 _ 1 31 2 1 8 29 1 3 2 22 49 2,306 1,774 18 1,233 1,066 64 2, 064 1,722 82 2, 998 2, 791 177 177 175 175 1 1 1 1 2 _ 3 9 1 15 5 7 39 1,536 1,278 15 714 607 44 1,720 1,426 177 177 176 3 7 2 14 1 6 51 1,750 1,467 15 642 546 21 729 599 175 176 175 5 4 1 17 61 2, 165 16 810 1,840 668 175 175 3 12 2 21 3 17 54 2,032 1,694 12 919 776 36 1,592 1,323 175 175 175 3 1 9 25 491 51 14 1,050 43, 895 1, 611 175 851 723 175 024 37, 711 175 10 40 203 524 18, 772 17,434 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 21 2 23 6 26 5 26 8 33 3 20 5 29 3 18 4 7 50 1,663 50 1,683 49 2, 326 57 2,310 77 2,736 48 1,589 63 2, 555 72 2, 325 58 1,585 1,579 178 1,596 180 2,262 181 2,118 180 2, 556 180 1,560 180 2,116 180 2,150 176 1,497 178 663 Blackfoot _ 664 Montana. 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 Glendive . . Havre . . Kalispell: Elementary District. High School District. Lewis town . . . Livingston: Elementary District. High School District. Miles City: Elementary District. High School District. 1 20 2, 514 2,323 172 10 26 136 313 11, 659 10, 577 1 1 4 13 2 22 46 1,589 50 1, 779 1,430 1,644 181 180 4 18 2 31 4 18 53 1,793 1,534 12 1,155 1,030 44 1,541 1,442 180 180 183 1 2 4 4 1 14 38 8 1, 381 1, 288 522 470 184 184 1 1 3 2 52 10 1,388 1,270 511 469 180 181 See footnotes at the end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 117 public-school systems in cities by region and State 19 5 3-54 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total Adminis¬ Salaries and wages Four major six major current tration Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure accounts 4 accounts (actual dollars) * 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $20, 872 $5,500 $22,000 $356, 136 $20, 367 $404,003 $100, 374 $525, 249 631 15, 652 11,000 7, 200 272, 174 39,683 330, 057 90, 920 1 436, 629 632 37,427 26, 916 51,200 622, 928 $34,855 58,383 794, 282 247, 183 1, 078, 892 833 15, 987 289, 976 149 25, 420 315, 545 86, 878 418, 410 634 9; 935 7,900 210, 720 2, 597 25, 653 246, 870 118, 786 375, 591 635 37, 764 9, 863 48, 350 379, 387 20, 780 39, 046 497, 426 190, 143 725, 333 636 22, 997 19, 480 14, 800 440,360 4,300 11, 686 490, 626 124, 546 638, 169 637 22, 935 5,200 16,500 219, 484 13, 100 254,284 42, 120 319, 339 638 12, 607 5,800 5, 800 153, 158 25,444 190, 202 95, 145 297, 954 639 20, 973 27,500 257,580 2,200 18, 487 305, 767 83, 569 410, 309 640 13, 948 13,500 15,000 257, 677 2,500 15,300 303, 977 71, 097 389, 022 641 12, 544 11,600 165, 679 21, 565 198,844 71, 430 282, 818 642 9, 954 5,000 111,918 3,000 8, 710 128, 628 40, 765 179, 347 643 17, 596 30,000 293, 776 15, 901 339, 677 100,638 457, 911 644 6,893 8,000 193, 321 1,000 20, 082 222, 403 82, 433 311, 729 645 10, 243 4, 500 15,000 244, 659 6, 185 21, 952 292, 296 90, 206 392, 745 646 12, 853 9, 600 137, 572 3,000 16, 319 166, 491 75,238 254, 582 647 14, 358 3,000 18,201 218, 697 4, 794 15,443 260, 135 75,663 350, 156 648 12. 610 18, 168 248, 314 11, 370 18, 321 296, 173 101, 471 410, 254 649 10, 576 7, 000 181,371 24, 515 212, 886 80, 760 304, 222 650 499,860 124, 866 434, 125 7, 294, 628 179, 557 633, 874 8, 667, 050 2, 976, 860 12, 143, 770 651 143, 932 189, 715 2,388,370 44,671 165, 378 2, 788, 134 826, 781 3, 758, 847 652 11,026 16,608 214, 903 3, 052 10, 100 244,663 65, 190 320, 879 653 20, 359 11, 141 265, 191 4, 693 18, 387 299, 412 96, 054 415, 825 654 21, 850 26,000 228,500 11, 000 26,500 292, 000 69, 300 383,150 655 16, 295 22, 645 309, 667 3, 970 16,424 352, 706 144, 987 513, 988 656 17, 467 32, 271 306,284 3, 938 19, 529 362, 022 122,244 501, 733 657 18, 017 19, 983 221, 666 3, 832 10, 902 256, 383 67, 690 342, 090 658 16,200 27, 125 326, 597 10, 029 20, 334 384, 085 94, 345 494, 630 659 13, 265 16, 725 306, 756 4,157 22, 734 350, 372 100, 577 464, 214 660 9, 453 17, 217 208, 806 20,468 246, 491 66, 394 322,338 661 662 16, 360 32,428 286, 637 27,596 346, 661 142,867 505,888 663 117, 191 4, 180 129, 610 1, 583, 490 11, 382 114, 827 1, 843, 489 703, 277 2,663,957 664 11,724 19,534 214, 470 16, 183 250, 187 79, 432 I 341,343 665 16, 166 10,000 252, 150 17, 729 279, 879 127, 088 423, 133 666 15, 160 18,500 233, 300 2,000 13,600 267,400 63,400 345, 960 667 11,075 13, 771 170, 861 12, 789 19, 164 197, 421 155, 677 364, 173 668 15, 785 4, 180 17,000 218,777 6, 962 266,083 120, 257 402, 125 669 14,227 21, 605 141, 376 14, 135 177, 116 48, 850 240, 193 670 7,000 :::::::::: 5, 200 90, 232 2, 420 6,794 104, 646 34,626 | 146, 272 671 13,990 12 non 176 833 8,938 197, 771 40, 679 252. 440 672 12,064 ■| . — - 12,000 85, 491 i . . 5, 495 102, 986 33,268 148, 318 673 674 676 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 70S 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 i ; inst hall 2 ' 3 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,00C City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 Nevada _ 4 5 38 96 3,925 3,275 Elko: Elementary District _ 1 6 29 1,020 869 179 High-School District _ 2 2 14 8 399 370 181 Sparks" _ 1 3 18 59 2,506 2,036 179 New Mexico. . 13 11 48 258 560 23, 139 19,644 1 5 32 64 2,944 2,398 180 Artesia. . . . . 2 1 8 50 86 4, 017 3, 338 180 Deming _ 1 4 25 54 2,178 1,870 180 Gallup! _ _ _ 1 1 8 25 46 2, 488 1,909 180 Las Vegas City _ 2 1 4 31 50 2, 367 1,999 180 Las Vegas Town _ 1 1 3 11 34 1,246 1,198 180 Portales _ _ 1 2 5 33 68 2,334 2, 190 180 Raton _ _ _ _ 1 5 22 52 1,978 1,680 180 Silver City _ _ 2 2 1 5 36 1,211 1,054 175 Tucumcari _ _ _ 1 3 5 24 70 2,376 2,008 180 Oregon _ _ 22 25 96 468 933 35, 579 30, 910 184 Ashland . . 1 3 5 27 47 2,281 1, 852 177 Baker _ _ _ 1 g 26 48 2,046 1,810 181 Coos Bay . . . 3 2 12 40 114 3,311 2,923 188 Hillsboro: Elementarv District _ _ 1 5 12 43 1,297 1,138 178 High-School District _ 1 1 22 17 978 884 183 Lebanon. _ . _ ... 1 3 6 29 62 2, 318 1,958 184 North Bend _ _ 1 2 6 27 52 2, 057 1,658 187 Oregon City _ _ _ _ . 1 8 32 73 2,633 2, 407 180 Rose burg. . . . 4 7 9 71 123 4, 879 4,306 180 The Dalles . . . . 1 4 26 53 1,931 1,681 180 Other cities . . 7 8 32 156 311 11, 848 10, 293 184 Utah Murray . . . 1 1 5 28 56 3,081 2,655 174 Washington _ _ 17 5 46 365 569 26, 692 22, 469 Anacortes _ . 1 3 39 17 1,574 1, 358 180 Auburn _ _ _ 3 1 6 41 79 3, 380 2,898 180 Centralia 8 . . . 2 1 4 50 65 3, 026 2, 639 180 Chehalis... .. . _ 1 1 3 22 33 1,510 1,328 180 Clarkston _ 1 5 30 42 2, 165 1,807 180 Ellensburg _ _ 2 4 33 56 2,449 2, 072 178 Kelso _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 6 36 95 4, 082 3, 425 179 Mount Vernon 8 . . 1 3 36 51 2, 317 1,953 178 Port Townsend.. 1 2 16 30 1,212 1,009 179 Shelton . . . 2 6 30 54 2, 321 2,029 180 Toppenish _ ... . . 1 4 32 47 2, 656 1,951 180 Wyoming Rawlings . . . 2 5 2 23 63 2,701 1,659 176 Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom ruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychology work, etc., provided that half or more than of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work, rhe actual number of days in the school year that instruction was provided. includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and ;r expense including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where text- ks or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any furnished to pupils gratis is sified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 119 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi- Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 * * 7 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) * 13 18 $50, 187 $25,000 $552, 771 $3, 000 $44,144 $624, 915 $176,930' $852,032 674 10,600 19. 403 20,184 10,000 15, 000 122, 776 94,830 335. 165 3,000 11. 927 12, 924 19, 293 134. 703 117, 754 372, 458 40.338 185,6411675 51.887 189,044 676 84. 705 1 477, 347 677 193, 417 $55, 672 26, 873 24, 993 15. 565 18. 062 19, 384 15,588 18. 775 16, 852 21,429 15. 896 5,500 4,800 6,000 6, 095 11, 108 *8, 13.500 273, 857 3, 382. 280 101, 633 3, 861.352 976, 818 30,200 54, 922 23, 839 40,000 21. 700 14. 994 27. 109 28, 933 5, 160 27.000 369, 218 592, 712 349, 738 284, 160 332, 105 191, 137 394, 302 341,294 192, 866 334, 748 16, 939 8, 451 3,994 6, 361 6, 500 5, 665 9,982 19. 860 15, 565 4, 334 21,469 7, 3, 350 7, 865 3,816 7, 528 409, 400 689, 933 397, 593 333. 294 385, 268 226, 451 442. 369 383, 757 210,511 382, 776 86, 324 177, 89. 623 71. 374 83.514 48, 787 156, 918 66, 614 48. 037 148, 539 5,031, 587 678 522, 597 892, 014 502, 781 422, 730 488, 166 290, 826 618, 062 467, 223 279. 977 547. 211 363, 315 131, 718 527, 881 5. 897, 798 134,038 452, 772 7, 144, 207 3. 365,930 10, 873, 452 14,814 19. 986 39, 710 14, 736 16, 589 17, 083 23, 323 28. 775 50, 093 17. 222 120. 9S4 12. 450 'l0, 000 14, 245 8, 720 42,441 '43, 862 26,317 36.000 65, 474 22, 723 6,000 31,212 31,975 41, 872 59. 604 30. 920 175, 784 270, 529 279. 101 717, 095 203, 109 167, 030 333, 174 342, 119 445, 137 859, 353 317, 185 1, 963. 966 7, 468 21, 291 4,047 5, 239 8, 694 10. 734 28,930 3,000 44. 035 23, 534 21, 927 68, 661 17,283 5, 481 21,507 24,808 37, 368 64, 017 17.413 150, 773 340, 298 337, 028 882, 521 247, 162 178, 511 405, 377 416, 316 535,111 1. 054, 345 368. 518 2. 379, 020 148,562 168, 344 466. 140 108, 556 106. 316 143, 818 207. 471 244, 557 544, 018 107, 294 1, 120, 854 503, 674 525, 358 1, 388, 371 370, 454 693 301, 416 694 566, 278 695 647. 110 696 808, 443 697 1, 648. 456 698 493, 034 699 3,620,858 700 13. 580 3. 422 25, 150 299,428 5, 053 17, 668 350, 721 127, 361 491,662 219, 729 26,694 3, 42 4 3, 935. 275 68,815 302,229 4. 601, 437 1,801,610 6, 622. 776 703 12,700 40, 071 21,013 13, 094 21.854 18. 483 29. 367 13. 748 11. 894 18.268 19. 237 6,968 6,650 4, 776 8,300 17, 450 38. 522 28.299 19, 464 25. 000 24. 058 33. 631 22. 730 10.640 27. 930 20. 700 232. 934 509, 925 494, 011 223. 579 287, 723 391, 403 571, 678 362, 067 190,917 352. 291 318, 747 3, 950 11,817 10, 402 2, 079 10,168 9, 773 9, 005 1,321 10,300 17,208 38, 224 35, 991 22, 330 18. 940 24. 764 43, 808 31.543 12. 602 23, 142 33, 677 271, 542 605, 456 575, 353 272. 228 331.663 450, 393 667, 190 425, 345 215. 480 413.663 373, 124 90. 620 260, 407 207. 469 133, 482 118. 505 195. 127 214, 916 150, 300 95, 643 176,818 158, 323 374. 862 905, 934 803, 835 418.804 472. 022 ' 664, 003 911.473 589, 393 323,017 712 608, 749 713 550, 684 714 19, 742 18. 000 9,405 288, 930 6. 730 16. 906 339, 971 126, 130 715 485,843 716 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of (1) Operation of School Plant, (2) Maintenance of School Plant, (3) Auxiliary School Services, and (4) Fixed Charges. * Orand total of amounts shown it, column 10, 16, and 17 « Data for 1951-52 used in lieu of 1953-54. 7 Elementary school data, only. * Includes junior college data. 398312 —56 - 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V — CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy. and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff • (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 Men Women 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States. 1,553 200 2,839 17,078 44,408 1, 661,979 1,459,264 178 NORTHEAST _ 398 78 497 4,172 10. 746 378, 106 335, 049 180 Connecticut . . 3 2 6 44 123 4,398 4, 015 180 Bethel 1 4 15 30 1,122 964 181 Branford _ _ 1 2 2 20 66 2, 445 2,260 180 Griswold (P. O. Jewett City). 1 9 27 831 791 180 Maine _ 30 4 52 208 582 21, 376 19, 518 180 Bar Harbor _ 1 1 1 13 21 668 623 180 Calais 1 2 7 26 876 750 175 Eastnort _ . . _ 1 9 19 661 600 180 Ellsworth 1 3 9 24 909 855 180 Fairfield 1 1 8 30 1,038 888 180 Fort Fairfield _ 1 1 5 13 31 1,444 1,311 180 Lineoln _ . 1 3 12 22 1, 001 947 180 Madison 1 2 9 28 954 886 180 Mexico 1 3 9 26 899 839 180 Pittsfield 8 _ 1 3 17 628 605 180 Van Boren 5 6 12 47 1, 610 1, 455 180 Other Cities _ _ . 15 2 26 104 241 10. 688 9, 759 180 Massachusetts _ 17 16 30 160 443 16,303 14, 787 177 Ayer 1 2 7 29 1, 194 912 171 Blackstone . 1 1 7 13 498 436 173 Dalton... _ _ 1 2 1 15 29 1,059 996 183 Dudley _ 1 2 1 3 20 620 584 177 Hoped ale 1 1 8 21 703 662 174 Tpswie.h 1 3 15 33 1, 254 1, 142 177 Lee _ 1 1 2 10 22 867 787 181 Nantucket . . 1 3 3 6 15 521 475 175 Orange _ 1 1 14 31 1,286 1,203 175 Palmer. _ 1 1 10 44 1,447 1, 329 179 Rookport _ _ 1 1 7 22 746 709 175 Uxbridge _ 1 3 4 11 34 1,315 1,205 179 Other cities. _ . . 5 5 9 47 130 4,793 4.347 New Hampshire _ 2 4 19 43 1,678 1,492 178 Hanover _ 1 2 9 27 885 809 180 Littletown _ _ _ 1 2 10 16 793 683 176 New Jersey _ 89 8 68 610 2.124 70,886 61, 144 181 Bolmar 8 ... _ ... 1 1 2 27 741 596 180 Bemardsville 0. 1 1 8 30 949 838 181 Reverly # 1 2 16 501 446 180 Bloomingdale 8 _ _ _ 1 1 14 546 471 180 Bradley Beach 8 _ _ ... 1 2 20 740 631 180 Butler . . 4 2 2 29 49 1, 745 1, 533 181 Cape May . . . 1 1 9 17 633 514 180 Clementon 8 . . . . 1 2 16 544 473 180 Closter . . . 1 2 15 29 1, 113 963 181 Edgewater 8 . . . . 1 3 24 466 396 181 Egg Harbor _ 1 1 4 32 830 714 182 Flemington _ ... _ 1 3 17 39 1,539 1,315 182 Franklin . . . 1 2 14 32 1,104 984 182 Garwood 8 _ _ _ 1 3 23 571 511 182 Haekettstown. . . . 1 _ i 14 33 1,160 1,013 184 footnotes at the end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 121 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 1 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 1 14 15 16 17 18 $16,988,614 $951,986 $13,929,2 10 j $210, 764, 199'$2, 550, 143 $16,403,285 $244,593,823 $91,556,867 $353,144,304 4, 131, 152 372, 632 2, 563, 827 53, 331, 259 950, 973 5, 022, 248 62, 240, 939 26, 007, 037 92, 379, 128 38, 743 9,723 28,706 637, 124 4,322 49, 748 729, 623 235, 822 1, 004, 188 10, 889 13, 976 13, 878 17, 106 11, 600 148, 090 365, 636 123, 398 11, 259 30, 538 7,951 176, 455 421, 819 131, 349 70, 425 118, 291 47, 106 257, 769 554, 086 192, 333 1 9,723 4,322 91, 264 14, 510 182, 526 2, 042, 708 23, 146 151, 928 2, 414, 818 948, 266 3, 454, 348 4,939 3, 966 1, 971 4,275 4, 478 5,819 4,588 3,041 3,505 2,004 7,046 4,050 4, 530 9,150 98, 715 72, 446 74, 793 95, 435 98, 190 125, 888 77, 873 104, 483 87, 965 53, 755 131, 811 1, 021, 354 8,779 3,792 8,669 10, 292 9,242 5,223 4, 459 11, 074 3, 272 5,463 5,699 75,964 116, 074 85, 388 83, 462 116, 877 113, 432 152, 729 92, 557 124, 626 103, 817 61, 037 157, 410 1, 207, 409 65, 540 36, 216 29, 063 38,644 37, 445 80, 851 29, 338 48, 047 38, 592 27, 422 42, 975 474, 133 186, 553 125, 570 114, 496 159, 796 155, 355 239, 399 126, 483 175, 714 145, 914 90, 463 207, 431 1, 727, 174 9, 550 4, 500 17, 274 10, 225 7,834 8,300 1, 600 1,500 1, 139 3,205 1,235 4,280 1, 819 19, 900 91, 263 45, 632 7,255 11, 573 156, 791 68, 514 144, 109 2, 028, 420 16, 550 127, 804 2, 385, 397 842, 249 3, 384, 437 7,341 7,170 10, 666 4, 927 10, 467 12, 055 7,046 9,022 8,730 14, 265 8,677 10, 329 46, 096 8,500 4, 250 4, 575 4, 425 4.950 14, 850 9.950 14, 730 5,191 5, 200 3,921 21, 199 42,368 116,069 63, 900 160, 864 73, 120 104, 768 162, 134 114, 400 67, 138 142, 865 183, 350 94, 586 148, 871 596, 355 4,118 3, 792 6,095 5,788 12, 822 10, 918 12, 287 6,170 5,884 7,390 10, 841 4, 125 37, 574 128,687 71, 942 181, 884 92, 282 122, 540 189, 552 142, 437 100, 683 155, 770 197, 740 109, 348 191, 226 701, 306 26, 008 25,923 55,183 35, 129 38, 396 66, 652 33, 602 31, 398 46, 292 93, 638 41, 081 101, 326 247, 621 162, 036 105, 035 247, 733 132, 338 171, 403 268, 259 183, 085 141, 103 210, 792 305, 643 159, 106 302, 881 995, 023 8,100 8,280 2,250 669 1, 650 1,625 4,175 12, 645 1, 830 1,800 15, 171 20, 143 1, 860 4,866 17, 557 19, 348 229, 238 1,825 13, 535 263, 946 110, 122 391, 625 9,570 7,987 9,467 9,881 141, 172 88, 066 11, 226 2,309 161, 865 102, 081 67, 780 42, 342 239, 215 152, 410 1,825 864, 317 37, 855 380, 922 9, 837, 050 192, 557 919, 707 11, 368, 091 4, 723, 086 16, 955, 494 13, 221 12, 391 4,000 100, 232 147, 575 56, 780 57, -604 80, 211 300,095 98, 231 57, 593 139, 688 113, 539 103, 735 202, 985 168, 506 108, 307 151,264 6,187 13, 049 5, 050 5,851 10,523 33,270 8,328 2, 983 9, 574 6, 682 9, 233 37, 482 15, 718 6, 720 20, 915 110, 419 167, 949 61, 830 70, 165 90, 734 366, 227 113, 614 60, 576 165, 232 123, 521 118, 179 257, 976 202, 225 116, 702 181,881 89, 914 62, 549 56, 416 77, 400 83, 693 98, 627 29,637 23, 212 56, 166 118, 696 28, 476 108, 966 51,490 43, 577 63,052 213, 554 242, 889 125, 712 150, 433 186, 080 484, 111 153, 923 91, 578 224, 736 254, 956 154, 581 384,157 263, 776 172, 142 259, 826 6,000 1,325 7,466 2,868 11, 653 19, 257 10, 672 7,790 3,338 12, 739 7, 926 17, 215 10,061 11, 863 14, 893 5,000 1, 710 11,012 11,500 7, 055 10,350 11, 160 4, 810 3,300 1, 311 6,128 7, 901 1,675 1,402 3,900 11, 381 10,100 8,300 1 2 3 4 |. 6 | 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 60 61 62 398312—56 - 10 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and gills) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 16 32 1, 319 1, 107 180 1 7 33 1,115 962 181 10 24 759 664 181 1 2 19 692 584 181 3 22 758 663 183 5 31 1,040 864 180 3 22 49 1,992 1, 723 185 1 17 35 1,203 1,077 183 3 19 580 550 180 4 20 609 509 181 1 19 596 469 180 1 2 24 611 557 180 1 4 26 760 644 182 1 15 26 991 872 181 2 20 48 1,485 1,303 180 2 24 60 1, 997 1, 759 180 2 21 672 558 184 2 11 24 822 707 180 24 858 745 180 1 2 8 44 1,286 1, 143 180 2 22 858 684 182 2 14 36 1, 259 1, 106 182 20 664 501 180 1 23 707 608 181 1 5 15 471 405 181 ! 4 32 289 1,007 33,600 28, 982 181 [ 25 167 1,568 4, 132 134,405 116, 244 180 1 1 11 74 2,005 1,625 180 1 4 22 93 2, 851 2, 480 183 2 15 37 1,393 1,169 179 2 33 27 1,215 1,060 181 1 2 16 55 1, 8C1 1,567 179 2 12 39 1,240 1,085 180 > _ 12 37 1. 258 1,122 179 i 20 36 1, 204 1,073 i 179 5 15 471 419 i 178 _ L . . 2 10 32 950 849 i 179 L 1 3 13 55 1, 596 1,397 181 i 1 1 22 47 1,772 1,489 i 181 l __ . 2 7 31 686 602 ! 178 L 1 2 38 97 3,482 2, 953 177 [ _ 13 33 ; 916 817 180 _ 1 19 36 i 1, 109 992 ! 181 L _ 3 22 ! 33 1, 372 1, 135 i 182 L 1 1 29 84 2. 370 2,104 181 ) 9 37 988 875 i 177 1 5 18 425 382 ! 182 i 1 9 26 i 824 709 i 178 L . - 3 13 64 1, 983 1,638 ; 183 ! _ 14 24 800 656 i 182 L _ 1 8 29 792 681 180 L - . 1 14 32 ! 1, 433 1,267 182 I . . 1 22 1 35 - 1,409 1, 197 179 1 . 11 23 i 735 636 i 176 L _ 6 i 22 ! 606 552 ! 177 2 2 : 4 36 . 72 ! 2. 339 2,106 i 178 t _ l 18 55 i 1, 574 1,364 183 5 _ 1 14 39 i 1, 519 1,334 183 t 1 4 ! 26 i 43 ! 1, 732 ' 1, 517 179 New Jersey— Con. Hightstown - Hillsdale 8 _ Lambertville _ Lindenwold 8 - Little Ferry 8 - Margate City ®~- Matawan - Merchantville _ Milltown 8 . Northfield 8 - North Haledon 8. Oaklyn . . Oradell _ Park Ridge - Pompton Lakes.. Ramsey . . . Rockaway 8 _ Rumson . . Runnemede 8 - Springfield 8 _ Wanaque 8 _ Washington _ West Paterson 8_. Westville 8 _ Wharton 8 _ Other cities - New York. Albion - Bald wins ville - Brockport _ Canajoharie _ Canastota.. . Canisteo... . . Corinth - Croton-on-Hudson . Dannemora . Dolgeville _ East Syracuse - Ellensville . Elmsford. . . Farmtngdale . . Fort Edward _ Fort Plain . . Goshen _ Gouvemeur . Granville _ Green Island _ Highland Falls _ Homer . Irvington . . Lake Placid _ Mohawk. . . Monticello _ Mount Morris _ New York Mills. . . Northport . . Palmyra . Perry _ Pleasantville . 42 124 See footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 123 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION — Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Dat Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Salaries and wages Super¬ visors I Teachers Princi- | and other pals instructional staff Clerks Total in- Other 3 structional expenditure Four major Total six ' major current 4 accounts ! (actual dollars) * $14, 928 18, 345 8,529 3, 896 12,235 13, 674 9,760 16, 221 11, 976 6, 373 6,800 13. 125 17,283 16,868 7,650 17, 972 11,886 16, 862 5, 754 21.126 6. 020 9, 560 9, 314 5,925 $4,900 17. 943 $10, 650 5,800 3,800 23,007 9,275 4,300 5,425 5,000 9,367 10,840 12,150 ii'soo ”9,955 4, 6oc 180, 551 $181,715 146, 450 114, 826 56, 149 83, 690 131, 186 254,151 199. 024 75, 496 63, 472 67,000 88,081 125, 259 147,380 225, 031 328, 397 93,071 146,568 72,901 228, 729 80, 354 174, 814 67, 346 71, 924 64, 931 4, 662, 760 $2, 458 ”5.' 000 6,700 2, 159 1,900 2,150 1,840 7,900 10, 573 5, 649 '7, '500 6,544 1,000 91, 272 $19,828 9,453 7, 606 3, 958 6.514 11, 374 14,056 24,833 2,500 4,199 5,000 5, 420 7,405 17, 768 23,700 33, 717 7,584 15,567 5,481 21, 392 7,090 19,065 5,076 5, 447 8. 168 435, 941 $214, 651 161,703! 127, 432 63, 907 90,204 142,560 297, 914 235, 291 77,996 69, 571 72,000 99, 951 ! 138,089 171, 988 265, 998 383. 527 100, 655 179. 934 78, 382 274. 321 87,444 210, 378 73, 422 77,371! 77,699 5, 3S8, 473 ! $70, 526 131, 424 28, 455 33,188 53, 409 38, 919 61, 777 58, 965 85, 724 44, 347 35, 100 71,639 47, 493 60, 114 99,067 100, 436 32.3S0 62, 096 69, 597 75,389 39,644 55, 355 46,133 58, 781 32. 515 , 233. 742 $300, 105 311, 472 164, 416 100, 991 155, 848 195, 153 369, 451 310, 477 175, 696 120, 291 113,900 184, 715 202, 865 248,970 372, 715 501, 935 144, 921 258, 892 153, 733 370,836 133, 108 275, 293 128,869 142,077 119, 410 8, 036, 901 1, 711. 163 23. 395 33, 260 20,039 13, 593 14,150 3,918 16, 559 13, 775 7, 825 18, 564 18, 774 36, 345 5, 976 47, 178 19. 450 17, 24, 650 30,033 12, 075 1C, 066 13.606 8,363 19.275 16,325 13, 153 16,994 11, 731 12,680 43,595 20,343 19, 297 18, 259 134,630 949, 911 22, 121, 804 461,584 2, 121, 106 25,789,0351 12,528,412 40,028,610 5,000 5,400 5, 100 5,250 5,325 7,700 6,500 5,650 22,400 11,250 10,700 11,250 7, 750 12, 439 15, 550 5, 750 11.900 14.900 5,280 12,633 8,400 4, 750 10, 186 5, 500 5,900 5,110 15,999 5,200 6,250 6,000 22,172 5,963 7,449 20, 311 283,358 424, 602 217,021 212, 591 255, 394 175, 217 175, 303 242,566 63.800 174, 163 282,012 264,060 143, 368 592, 932 172, 905 187, 263 224,724 393, 293 166, 089 80, 767 120, 718 272, 574 179,500 139. 785 185.038 220, 219 116, 476 98. 772 510,606 223,603 210,666 325, 068 2, 341 3,934 7, 031 6, 188 7, 102 6, 573 6,377 10,283 900 905 3,854 5,500 18, 862 941 2,279 4,234 2,222 3, 3,797 2.500 1,~ “ 5.500 4,740 4, 2,835 14,800 7,658 1,795 13,230 22,760 30,348 17. 346 20, 355 22, 466 22, 191 17, 272 12,544 13, 187 20,180 18, 510 27, 382 2, 980 55, 411 5, 352 23,723 20, 950 31,833 8,771 5,665 9, 32, 439 4,000 18,648 21, 917 23, 325 21,804 4, 940 69,406 17,777 14, 524 34, 795 319, 109 486,684 252, 648 249,834! 301, 312 211,731 270, 893 j 77, 887 207, 687! 325,1761 302, 51 7 1 163, 748 689, 805 179, 198 216,266 258, 307 442,305 179, 094 94, 554 143, 474 324,809 186,000 164, 993 1 218, 705! 254,284! 143, 168 106, 547 627, 170' 255,001 234,434 398,904 164, 481 253,660 162, 479 125,183 140,068 108, 275 110, 114 132, 435 24,882 106,097 145,886 185, 518) 62,453 300,229 76, 652 106, 576 133,487 226, 526 77. 425 39, 362 64,228 154,208 91, 575 96, 752 US, 083 117, 746 57, 183 58, 710 286, 342 125, 465 157, 756 185, 988 506,985 773,604 435, 166 388,610 455, 530 323, 924 325, 625 417, 103 110, 594 332, 348 489, 836 524.380 232. 177 , 037, 212 275,300 339, 911 416,444 698,864 268, 594 143, 982 221,308 487.380 296, 850 278,070 349,941 389, 024 212, 082 177, 937 957, 107 400, 809 411,487 603, 151 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 320 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 114 145 146 117 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 JBIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V — CITIES OF 2,500 Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools ber City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New york— Con. Sea Cliff . . . 1 4 24 83 2,264 941 1,992 816 179 1 1 12 24 178 1 4 12 44 1,506 2,575 1,312 2,170 1,559 1,748 1,134 2,356 952 180 2 4 30 85 178 Springville (Griffith Inst.) — 1 4 29 52 1,831 1,908 1, 337 2,837 1, 090 737 181 3 3 35 66 177 2 2 15 43 179 3 5 28 59 175 1 10 40 182 1 1 1 9 27 649 183 1 3 19 56 2,015 1, 161 1,698 1,024 59, 982 179 1 3 12 41 181 64 13 86 809 2, 132 69, 353 180 Pennsylvania . . . 127 11 158 1, 520 3, 182 124, 764 113, 966 181 Aspinwall _ 1 1 13 26 920 828 190 Athens _ _ 1 23 35 1,300 605 1,234 532 180 Avoca _ _ 1 1 4 21 180 Bedford _ 1 4 56 47 2,613 668 2,374 625 180 Bpn tlpy villft . . _ 1 1 11 15 180 Birdsboro _ _ 1 1 8 19 621 574 180 Boyertown 7 _ _ 2 1 18 30 1, 336 1,190 1,172 180 Brockway _ _ 1 3 16 33 1,262 1,365 2,446 1, 362 1,539 356 180 Bfnnlrvlllfi _ .. _ _ 1 2 18 34 1,222 2,201 180 Burnham 1 3 21 63 180 Catasauqua 1 1 13 34 1,283 1, 310 330 180 Clarks Summit. .. _ 2 1 11 55 180 Coplay _ 1 7 5 180 Coudersport _ _ 1 11 23 885 794 180 Curwensville 3 2 20 46 1, 923 2,238 665 1,791 2,019 620 180 Dallastown _ _ 1 2 19 48 180 Derry _ _ - 1 1 3 21 180 Dupont _ _ - 1 1 4 16 443 405 180 East Lansdowne • _ _ 1 16 469 454 180 Ebensburg ® _ _ _ 1 1 1 11 281 272 180 Elizabeth _ _ _ 3 3 1 23 98 3,337 669 3,131 635 180 Ferndale (P. O. Johnstown) .. Freedom _ 1 1 10 18 180 2 1 11 31 1,266 1, 210 180 Freeport.. _ _ 1 2 16 42 1,650 866 1,573 180 Gallitzin _ 1 1 14 19 799 180 Girardville _ 1 1 2 13 293 271 180 Greeneastle _ 1 6 19 738 714 180 Hamburg _ 1 11 22 762 723 180 Hatboro _ 1 3 20 48 1,564 685 1, 379 633 181 Hummelstown _ 1 1 6 21 180 Ingram _ 1 4 17 614 548 184 Johnsonburg 1 3 14 20 750 180 Kutztown _ 1 2 16 18 826 702 180 Leech burg _ _ 1 1 12 27 1,035 459 958 180 Lykens _ 1 8 12 390 180 Manheim _ 1 2 4 23 56 2,226 2,030 180 McAdoo 1 2 10 12 557 496 180 McDonald 1 1 1 8 23 683 641 180 Montoursville _ 2 19 27 1,277 1, 191 1,529 1,046 1,452 1, 165 740 1,111 1,047 180 Mount Joy . . . 1 3 22 29 180 Mount Penn . . 1 2 2 15 47 1,359 184 Muncy _ 2 15 30 889 181 North East _ _ 2 14 33 1,308 180 Northumberland . 1 1 1 17 25 19 1,123 180 Patton . . . 1 1 10 680 180 footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 125 public-school systems in cities by region and State : 1953-54— Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other s Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 10 1, 209, 284 57,734 803, 987 15, 949, 278 245, 481 1, 591, 777 18,648, 257 6, 387, 549 |26, 245, 090 $23, 107 11,035 16,620 42,095 25,343 23,900 16,950 22,279 11,358 13,077 10, 572 11, 550 $26, 612 5,000 20, 558 23,100 17.500 18,200 9, 775 35,805 $4, 450 5,200 20,500 15, 800 $540, 869 140. 885 221,388 434, 443 288,936 404, 370 198, 956 373, 741 173, 917 146, 415 269,992 178, 566 $2, 919 4,888 2,250 10,009 15,581 5,093 16,853 2,183 2,795 5, 140 $54, 113 12,881 17, 550 85, 593 19. 384 53, 462 16, 865 38, 476 15,171 10, 554 13,725 16,208 238,178 $624. 513 163, 654 261, 746 553, 145 325,820 491, 613 230, 689 464, 875 191, 271 169. 414 309, 357 210, 574 $296, 62, 77, 207, 244, 61, 197 115. 71. 163! 99,782 $944, 237, 355, 864, 558. 760, 309, 684, 318, 254, 483, 321, ,673!20, 654, 125 12, 085 8,129 28, 508 15, 389 7, 425 6,635 18, 430 8, 410 11,579 17, 281 21,263 9,087 10,244 10, 818 9. 108 9,906 4,237 9,170 11,455 4, 103 16, 285 12, 075 8,600 9, 500 12, 675 10, 518 4, 028 8, 494 27, 212 3, 553 15,224 5,530 5, 166 9, 355 12, 002 7,073 23, 843 4, 438 12, 250 12, 659 16,298 2, 961 2, 812 15, 392 1,422 10, 173 8,900 5, 774 5,050 4,233 7,710 18, 525 4, 213 5.150 6,098 12,350 9,400 17,658 5, 013 5,000 7,833 10,600 5, 192 3, 210 5, 000 5, 183 5, 600 4, 200 9, 400 4, 717 3, 653 4, 700 14, 600 5, 400 6, 550 11,515 11,500 4,500 20,100 11,350 4,400 9, 700 16, 172 13, 382 8, 200 6, '666 4, 868 ! 155, 571 175, 066 117, 165 296, 487 89,642 95, 889 152, 192 1,500 4,070 1, 255 152, 234 186,821 249, 924 172,837 221, 342 41, 518 1,405 3, 453 1, 975 6,978 115, 576 208, 898 216, 700 81, 403 5,544 6,765 45,588 54, 038 2,350 40, 894 408, 931 92, 400 151, 200 148, 807 105, 485 2, 600 2, 700 4,369 52, 061 87, 696 113,072 224,346 1,800 2,300 93, 688 81, 400 108, 045 2,200 2,400 118, 577 151, 942 73, 000 269,689 79,125 104, 000 154, 650 143, 943 200, 415 129, 218 164, 897 131,075 97, 069 2,090 2,500 2, 764 2,500 1, 000 3, 925 7,477 2, 000 3,110 2, 444 ! 15, 495 5, 520 12, 141 26, 832 11,723 2,000 14,666 16, 376 20,121 24,298 26, 972 21,401 3,129 10, 43S 15, 727 78, 259 5, 957 4,702 6,041 4, 762 18, 663 7, 700 7, 500 20, 087 14, 512 2, 585 8, 720 3, 239 24, 831 8, 905 1,900 8, 232 20, 171 13, 597 1,584 30, 058 2,200 6, 830 26. 988 18. 989 20, 808 17,642 15, 900 9,640 17, 976 176, 116 186, 319 137, 016 345, 914 106,833 103, 039 172, 956 182, 365 216. 342 295, 333 206,797 254, 721 44, 647 126, 014 238, 002 312, 324 92, 552 55, 850 60, 079 50, 656 448,001 108, 300 165, 600 182, 663 124, 714 58, 299 102, 916 118, 611 263, 777 110, 193 92, 250 127, 792 152. 338 165, 539 81, 584 331,511 95, 175 116, 230 191.338 183, 029 242, 082 157, 060 180, 797 155, 599 122, 357 50,348 31.914 17, 940 147, 914 22,668 49. 248 59, 700 67, 973 47, 596 79, 105 91, 135 113, 676 12,644 33, 482 81, 741 111,698 22, 642 15, 076 21,628 12, 665 222, 301 34, 500 84, 939 93, 721 38, 486 18,246 12, 076 29, 483 72, 761 23,044 37, 018 43, 089 69,430 56, 427 6,127 121, 584 23, 850 28, 051 59, 079 59, 072 72. 915 46, 852 67,738 52. 004 57, 824 238, 549 226, 362 183, 464 509, 217 136, 926 158, 922 251, 086 258,748 275, 517 391, 719 319, 195 377, 484 67, 535 170, 314 328, 851 433, 928 119,431 80, 096 93, 162 67,424 686, 587 154, 875 259, 139 285,884 175, 875 87, 063 119, 020 156, 588 363, 750 136, 790 134, 798 176, 047 231,123 233, 968 94, 784 476, 938 123,463 156, 531 263, 076 258, 399 317, 958 206, 724 263, 927 209, 025 190, 354 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V — CITIES OF 2,500 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women and girls) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pennsylvania— Con. Pen Argyle . . . 1 2 14 25 996 918 180 Penbrook (Elem. Dist.) ... 1 1 6 10 300 271 180 i 1 4 26 41 1, 524 2, 332 631 181 Philipsburg _ _ _ 1 2 30 53 2, 556 743 180 180 180 Renova.. . . . . 1 1 13 19 1 2 15 26 1,119 1,310 930 1,020 1, 178 Ridley Park _ 1 I 12 32 182 Royersford _ 1 10 25 889 180 1 1 2 39 43 2, 274 2,014 1,309 584 2, 103 1,872 1,263 527 180 1 1 22 44 180 2 1 17 31 187 South Greensburg _ _ 1 1 6 15 180 1 1 1 5 12 581 528 180 1 9 15 638 597 180 Spring City _ 1 1 15 22 837 769 180 Summit Hill _ 1 2 8 16 552 514 185 Susquehanna . 1 1 8 23 867 780 180 Swarthmore _ _ _ 1 2 14 34 1, 127 1,053 786 182 Trafford _ 1 1 12 21 837 180 Union City _ 1 2 11 35 1,334 776 1,200 180 Weatherly _ 1 7 19 180 Wesley ville _ _ 1 1 10 22 866 709 180 West Homestead _ 1 1 4 12 361 314 180 West Newton _ 1 1 9 24 922 851 180 West Wyoming.. _ 1 1 8 13 586 524 180 Wyomissing _ 1 1 11 20 684 644 183 Other cities . 48 4 _ 60 576 1,206 47,285 43, 193 181 Vermont g 12 12 43 117 4,296 3,883 Bellows Falls . 1 5 5 11 25 1,033 800 956 176 Essex Junction _ _ 2 1 2 7 20 696 177 Middlebury _ 1 3 2 8 21 738 682 175 Waterbury _ 1 1 7 23 691 635 175 Windsor _ 1 3 2 10 28 1,034 914 174 NORTH CENTRAL _ j 557 65 1. 017 6, 181 14, 437 547, 181 487, 879 179 Illinois. . 123 14 266 1,098 3,005 103, 875 90, 957 186 Anna: Elementary District. _ 1 3 6 24 857 784 185 High School District 1 1 12 14 546 503 179 Bensen ville: Elementary District _ 1 2 9 31 1, 251 1, 001 185 High School District _ 1 1 18 8 532 474 185 Brooklyn (P. O. Lovejoy) _ Bushneli _ . _ ... 1 2 4 29 1, 069 1,238 605 198 1 3 12 41 1,090 185 Carlyle. _ _ _ 1 5 7 23 840 760 185 Carterville: Elementary District No. 35. High School District. 1 1 2 14 517 433 186 1 1 6 6 234 223 185 Casey. . _ _ _ 1 3 11 36 1, 178 534 1, 102 487 185 Christopher: Elementary District No. 34. High School District No. 38. 1 6 14 185 1 7 7 328 309 185 See footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 127 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration 10 Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff 13 Clerks Other s Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 6 18 $16, 137 6, 138 12, 458 11, 670 1,308 6, 098 8, 697 13, 040 10, 963 16, 494 12,648 13, 608 4, 142 8, 897 12, 770 12, 554 11, 160 23, 373 15, 139 5,105 9,600 5, 954 11, 624 4, 956 4, 279 4, 582 458, 316 42,033 $7, 862 5, 259 21,211 9, 183 5,208 8, 642 5, 250 $5, 955 12, 983 5, 687 6,200 6, 100 5, 000 4,200 6, 344 9, 450 3, 867 14, 200 4,900 11, 450 21,881 5,650 6, 000 5, 758 4, 599 6, 350 304, 709 $131, 477 55, 957 251, 690 279, 621 125, 584 135, 234 181, 192 130, 505 264, 673 269, 105 171, 426 86,728 64, 615 85, 123 122, 952 85, 865 103, 735 220, 794 121,681 140, 975 60, 500 104, 070 66, 262 123, 174 64, 045 103, 039 6, 044, 740 $4, 457 9, 253 4, 085 1, 883 6, 218 4, 180 2, 105 1,727 4, 325 721 5,224 3,600 6, 015 2, 712 1,900 1,100 3, 000 2, 200 1, 437 2, 828 93, 037 $11, 337 % 861 44, 514 20, 147 10, 697 9, 985 19, 909 11, 828 18. 850 22, 278 10. 851 5. 772 5, 980 9. 772 12.307 6,268 10. 308 15,487 14, 427 21, 534 7, 000 10, 145 4, 330 10, 727 4,235 10, 131 603, 280 49, 666 54, 318 485,637 5, 508 $155, 133 65, 077 326, 668 313, 036 143, 372 153, 861 212, 569 146, 513 304, 566 298, 797 192,802 98. 600 75, 595 99, 816 146, 827 105, 183 117, 910 256, 496 143, 720 175, 859 68. 600 122, 865 78, 792 139, 659 74, 316 122, 348 7, 067, 647 641, 772 $63, 438 17, 525 92, 294 76, 997 40, 083 51,051 74, 014 71, 001 58, 043 115, 801 31, 196 47, 594 20, 223 26, 085 39, 610 33, 990 129, 091 80, 542 56, 849 74, 959 26, 800 39,318 47, 936 37, 007 23, 938 69, 888 2,420,866 231, 531 $234,708 738 420 703 763 010 431, 401, 184, 211, 295, 230, 373, 431, 236, 159, 99, 134, 199, 151, 258, 360, 215, 255, 105, 168, 138, 181, 102, 196, 9, 946, 915, 33 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 619 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 11,619 4, 024 13, 852 4,813 7, 725 20,420 3,157 11, 710 14, 379 20, 163 6, 755 8, 900 4,700 13, 800 128, 013 73, 792 84, 610 81,498 117, 724 1,920 1,960 15, 454 6, 054 13, 734 6, 787 4, 614 185, 970 89, 758 120, 582 92, 985 152, 477 56, 847 23, 969 52, 631 35, 130 62, 954 254,436 117, 751 187, 065 132, 928 223, 156 5, 884, 404 315, 349 5, 033, 228 70, 015, 582 602, 494 5, 877, 918 81, 844, 571 32, 632, 548 120,361,523 1, 301, 064 77,636 1, 409, 935 14, 429, 214 44, 454 1, 076, 468 17, 037, 707 8, 330, 211 26, 668, 982 5, 703 14, 398 9,816 17, 085 7,243 9, 823 2,327 10, 550 10, 179 5,300 2,282 12, 750 5,500 10, 655 6, 212 10, 600 16, 080 25, 900 5,250 4,200 15. 900 5,200 94, 189 79, 654 136, 829 105, 555 130, 289 180, 955 93, 784 51, 762 38,300 171, 224 68,075 48, 954 1,800 13, 703 6,732 4, 556 3, 402 12, 498 8,899 7,516 2,384 1,400 6,130 2,000 2,464 120, 642 91, 886 152, 040 115, 169 153, 387 205, 934 127, 200 59, 396 45, 700 193, 254 70, 075 56, 618 74, 348 43, 222 59, 325 37, 478 55, 113 67, 948 77, 317 31, 305 19, 125 154, 262 25, 920 23, 120 200, 693 149, 506 221, 181 169, 732 215, 743 283, 705 211, 086 93, 028 75, 375 357, 695 101, 295 82, 020 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V — CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Dat Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (posi Men ctional iff i tions) I Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois— Continued Crystal Lake: 218 Elementary District . . . 1 v 3 2 8 33 1,222 1,064 185 219 High School District _ 1 1 18 11 690 630 186 220 Deerfield6.. . . .. 1 2 6 26 667 628 178 El Dorado: 221 Elementary District . ... 1 3 3 21 814 638 185 222 High School District _ 1 1 14 7 482 436 185 223 Fulton _ .. 1 2 17 21 694 629 185 224 Galena . . . . 2 1 10 18 649 588 180 225 1 2 15 40 932 802 186 226 1 5 19 43 1,584 1, 445 185 Georgetown: 227 Elementary District . .. 1 3 20 654 577 185 228 High School District _ 1 1 4 10 286 272 186 229 1 6 10 67 1,933 1, 855 190 230 Harvard . . . . 1 2 14 37 1,455 1,177 185 Havana: 231 Elementary District No. 1 3 3 25 728 712 186 232 OI. High School District _ 1 9 9 295 273 185 233 Highland _ _ _ 1 1 2 15 30 1, 140 1, 016 186 234 High wood 6 1 1 4l 21 639 494 185 235 Hillsboro (Elem. Dist.) . 1 4 5 25 714 655 185 236 Johnston City _ . ... 1 3 17 47 1, 486 1, 373 185 237 Kenilworth 6 . . 1 1 6 23 558 487 185 Lemont: 238 Elementary District _ 1 1 2 8 337 270 185 239 High School District _ 1 1 6 8 266 240 190 Marengo: 240 Elementary District _ 1 1 4 15 434 387 185 241 High School District . 1 1 14 6 311 277 185 242 Marseilles. .. _ _ _ . 1 5 12 26 1, 053 961 186 McLeansboro: 243 Elementary District ... 1 1 6 16 525 507 185 244 High School District No. 1 10 9 458 425 185 245 58. Monticello.. . . 1 5 11 36 1, 275 1, 115 185 246 Niles 6 . . . 1 1 2 9 385 304 187 247 Oglesby (Elem. Dist.) 1 2 4 14 561 468 185 Oregon: 248 Elementary District No. 88- 1 1 2 20 683 579 185 249 High School District _ 1 10 6 292 267 185 250 Paxton... . _ _ _ 1 2 8 34 1,070 931 185 Pinckneyville: 251 Elementary District _ 1 1 1 16 444 377 185 252 High School District... . 1 1 11 11 426 397 186 253 Pittsfield _ 1 6 14 68 2, 261 1,977 187 254 River Grove 6 _ _ _ _. 1 4 20 654 458 188 255 Rockdale6... ... .. _. ._ 1 1 4 152 143 186 Spring Valley: 256 Elementary District _ 1 2 2 18 509 421 185 257 High School District _ 1 11 9 420 399 185 258 Staunton . . ... _ _ 1 1 2 10 19 659 607 177 259 Steger 6 _ ... 1 1 4 29 1, 283 1,058 184 260 St.ickney 6 1 1 3 10 354 294 185 261 Sullivan _ _ 2 1 2 19 43 1, 446 1,339 186 262 Tuscola _ _ _ 1 3 5 33 1,003 833 185 263 Virden _ _ _ 1 5 11 34 1,058 934 186 Watseka: 264 Elementary District _ 1 3 24 708 617 185 265 High S chool D istr ict . . _ . 1 I 1 8 8 327 302 186 See footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 129 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 $18, 927 11, 560 12,000 3, 601 5,595 14, 091 7,000 8,319 16, 836 2,708 21, 741 10, 041 11, 586 2,406 25, 073 11, 835 9,591 10, 861 22, 789 7,516 7 ] — 7,211 9,224 6,839 3, 874 10, 367 10,740 5,725 7,336 4,010 11, 967 1,248 8. 534 18,490 11,500 4, 956 8,663 3, 100 9,013 5,280 30, 654 22. 801 8. 364 10, 781 2,279 6, 328 $15, 700 $10, 000 8,200 10,600 15, 600 5,000 8,000 4,200 10.500 27.500 5.500 31, 200 10,700 16,200 6.500 10,600 5,200 21, 120 15, 300 5,800 5,250 L5,700 5,300 5, 180 27,000 4.400 5, 30,500 5, 160 10, 480 5,460 6.400 11, 600 5, 360 5, 235 31,680 7,200 8, 450 9,700 5, 450 6, 386 10,633 15,840 25,800 6,900 6, 1001 $141, 844 144,660 126, 100 97, 414 77,587 122, 576 90,000 162, 219 237, 562 83,000 58, 258 289, 400 200, 519 90,600 71, 795 144,559 93, 558 88, 850 185, 079 118,314 27. 149 56,800 70, 135 77, 554 148, 306 52, 234 62,864 194, 437 32. 149 75,183 62,023 60, 044 164, 202 55, 399 81,203 262, 320 82,000 15, 372 Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 $1, 500 1 850 56, 143 91, 350 92, 814 105,406 _ 70, 182 _ 213, 962 3, 838 133, 861 ! _ 133, 601: _ 84,874 66, 759 $12, 756 16, 803 8,500 11, 150 4,368 8,324 2, 955 13, 946 23, 804 1,684 4,541 14, 254 19,584 8, 586 9,972 6, 726 6,401 17, 597 8,751 21, 647 640 2.900 rl, 901 r 3. 529 .8,581 ^ 833 6, 466 17, 473 5,223 5,653 11,834 4, 456 15, 060 4,075 4, 872 20, 055 7,800 2, 841 658 4. 900 10, 639 5, 472 8, 133 4,139 8, 805 6, 766 10, 604 j 4, 086 1 $180, 300 169, 663 145, 200 124,164 86, 955 138, 900 98, 655 186, 665 288, 866 84,684 68,299 334, 854 230, 803 116, 886 90, 317 166, 985 105, 159 127, 56 209, 130 145, 761 33, 039 69,000 77, 336 86,263 183, 887 57, 46' 74,610 242, 410 42, 532 91, 316 81, 517 70,900 190, 862 64,834 91, 310 314, 05, 89, 800 18, 213 64,001 105, 550 119, 653 122, 078 84, 701 237, 486, 158, 506 166, 167j 102, 378 76, 9451 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 $57, 777 73, 039 22,981 47, 012 76, 561 41,463 27,047 129, 828 152, 436 34,542 22,723 158, 524 121, 854 55, 700 34, 023 86, 794 41, 155 76, 306 92,841 44,378 27, 024 27.100 21,768 62, 599 71, 256 15, 651 91, 504 177, 251 29, 653 30, 751 37. 100 38, 078 117, 099 21. 023 77,008 202, 440 30, 300 14, 508 34,502 39, 225 86, 591 j 47, 792 55, 409 j 72, 855 1 116, 264 j 76, 192 41.463! 49, 1051 $257, 004 254, 262 180, 181 174, 777 221 169, 111 222 194, 454 223 132, 702 224 324, 812 225 458, 138 226 128, 826 93, 730 515, 119 184,172 126, 746 232 278,8521233 158, 1491234 213, 464 312, 832 212, 928 67, 579 103, 930 105, 592 156, 073 264, 367 79, 957 430, 028 245 82, 925:246 127, 792 247 125, 953 248 112,988 249 319,928^50 87, 105| 251 176, 8521252 534, 9851253 131,600 254 37, 677 255 107,166 256 147. 875 1 257 215, 257 258 175, 150 259 170, 764:260 333, 142 261 283, 134 262 253, 140,263 146, 120 264 132, 378 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 287 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 Men Women • 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 Illinois— Continued West Chicago: 1 3 4 23 794 656 188 High School District. _ 1 1 10 8 374 358 185 Westmont (Elcm. Disk) 1 3 3 32 1,049 831 186 Westville: 2 2 16 666 585 187 High School District _ 1 6 6 258 237 185 Whitehall 1 1 8 31 946 856 186 Zeigler: 2 1 15 434 382 185 High School District 1 1 5 6 174 164 185 Other cities _ _ _ 63 7 136 561 1, 534 53,080 46, 479 186 Indiana - 42 8 86 530 926 42, 022 37, 832 177 Aurora. . 1 4 16 30 1,384 1, 191 180 Batesville*. .. _ _ _ 1 2 13 10 558 502 179 Bicknell 1 2 11 21 868 794 176 Columbia City _ 1 3 2 12 32 1, 123 959 177 Dunkirk. 1 2 7 21 868 793 178 Garrett _ _ 1 1 2 13 30 1,246 1, 131 175 Gas City 1 4 17 40 1,869 1,674 177 Huntingburg _ 1 1 12 14 772 717 178 Jasonville 1 1 6 13 632 474 178 Uawrencehnrg 1 2 18 18 950 869 177 Mitchell _ _ 1 2 10 22 889 819 177 Munster _ 1 1 12 19 937 851 174 Nappanee.. 1 2 17 26 1,006 967 176 North Manchester _ 1 3 8 12 611 579 175 North Vernon 1 2 15 25 1,263 1, 134 175 Oakland City _ 1 2 17 17 1,022 902 175 Petersburg _ 1 2 14 19 1, 043 934 176 Rochester _ 1 3 14 27 1, 157 1,002 176 Salem _ 1 2 21 31 1,507 1, 341 180 Union City 1 1 9 16 768 682 176 West Terre Haute _ 1 1 3 20 638 601 177 Other cities.. . . . 21 4 43 265 463 21, 011 18, 916 177 Iowa . . 41 2 72 525 1, 054 37, 717 33, 777 180 Albia . . . 1 2 13 34 1, 279 1, 133 179 Belle Plaine _ 1 2 7 26 727 649 180 Bloomfield . 1 2 11 28 921 833 180 Clear Lake _ 1 2 18 30 1, 419 1, 244 180 Cresco _ 1 1 11 20 629 572 180 Denison 1 2 15 29 1, 049 936 180 Eagle Grove 8 _ 1 2 18 34 1, 019 933 180 Emmetsburg 8 _ 1 2 16 27 947 819 176 Hawarden . _ 1 1 10 17 624 575 180 Independence. 1 1 13 31 1,047 938 180 Maquoketa _ 1 . . 2 19 35 1,163 1, 047 180 Missouri Valley _ _ 1 1 11 25 928 819 180 Monticello _ 1 1 11 17 738 682 180 Nevada.. . . . . 1 1 13 25 912 793 180 Onawa _ _ 1 2 5 28 855 808 180 Osceola _ 1 2 12 23 876 763 179 Pella_ . . . 1 1 2 13 18 750 691 180 Rock Rapids _ 1 2 8 19 617 554 180 Sheldon . . . . 1 2 15 27 962 874 180 footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 131 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 6 $5, 799 11, 659 5,044 1, 337 3,370 11, 631 1, 062 7,765 664, 844 12 18 $39, 672 $15, 840 $115, 885 $4, 546 $136, 271 $36, 997 $179, 067 5,500 61, 446 $4, 400 10, 765 82, 111 43, 561 137, 331 14, 940 98, 776 6,314 120, 030 32, 703 157, 777 9,300 65, 378 6, 911 81, 589 33, 738 116, 664 5, 260 43, 044 3, 338 51,642 53, 925 108, 937 5,137 132, 571 7,462 145, 170 52, 577 209, 378 10, 040 54, 025 1, 755 65, 820 29, 644 96, 526 5, 030 32, 970 2, 875 40, 875 13, 350 61, 990 720, 477 7,373, 329 22, 716 550, 075 8, 706, 269 4, 256, 738 13, 627, 851 429, 088 5, 295, 038 55, 276 233, 316 6, 046, 580 1, 553, 836 8, 034, 054 15, 658 163, 146 6,704 185, 508 38, 078 233, 398 11, 500 92, 635 5, 026 109, 161 15, 876 136, 862 6, 593 101,019 6,822 114, 434 33, 336 156, 497 10, 929 161, 790 3, 049 8,095 195, 829 50, 825 258, 471 9,893 88, 914 5,487 104, 294 29, 968 143, 446 9, 881 167, 358 3, 325 4,564 190, 093 68, 618 264, 646 19, 633 200, 814 3, 435 8,928 232, 810 65, 458 310, 723 4,500 95, 297 4,418 104, 215 38, 355 150, 822 4,000 54, 683 1, 560 60, 243 16, 936 83, 329 10, 000 151, 094 11, 858 172, 952 43, 740 234, 549 9,600 123, 900 2,140 2,000 137, 640 24, 350 170, 465 6,000 110, 568 2, 000 118, 568 41, 097 173, 812 10, 854 169, 533 4,808 5,407 190, 602 52, 269 251, 902 14, 475 89, 563 8, 580 112, 618 27, 843 150, 242 13, 649 142, 219 3, 696 5,779 165, 343 30, 692 207, 620 10, 872 126, 951 1, 000 7,915 146, 738 34, 216 191, 519 9, 800 118, 858 1,470 2, 772 132, 900 18, 547 160, 521 16, 811 146, 604 1,500 6,590 171, 505 43, 854 227, 302 10, 470 174, 858 3, 215 9, 296 197,839 70. 941 279, 010 4,626 88, 690 2, 060 95,376 16, 793 124, 842 4,800 79, 025 797 84, 622 15, 126 107, 049 214, 544 2. 647, 519 27, 638 116, 658 3, 023, 290 776, 918 4, 017, 027 368, 136 4, 968, 035 30, 836 370, 185 5, 750, 278 2, 204, 315 8, 359, 139 7,575 133, 682 1,295 6,794 149, 346 49, 756 209, 472 11,362 104,907 8,350 124, 619 37, 450 164, 869 9,597 116, 807 1,631 8, 778 136, 813 73, 052 221, 223 8,784 161, 712 10, 588 181, 084 73. 768 268, 172 3, 807 100, 057 2, 206 12, 014 118, 084 49, 824 176, 592 12, 066 152, 934 8,691 173, 691 57, 766 239,334 9, 050 171, 623 15, 827 196, 500 62, 992 268, 253 12, 810 152, 052 6,994 171, 856 68, 310 252, 681 5,250 90, 464 5, 255 100, 969 30, 505 145, 641 5,750 150, 796 1,493 17, 287 175, 331 54. 891 241, 522 8,339 152, 930 9,798 171, 067 62, 351 244, 188 5,525 126, 859 5, 546 137, 930 50, 308 197, 278 5,350 87, 629 2,000 16, 995 111,974 72,305 192, 242 4,200 117,055 2,000 6,932 130, 187 25, 848 1&3, 708 8,300 100,012 1,265 7,276 116, 853 26, 221 149,324 11, 200 91, 964 10, 136 113,300 47, 476 171,374 12. 666 84, 446 2, 940 5, 751 112, 503 57,236 178, 292 9, 800 84, 791 5,366 99, 957 40, 139 148, 228 9, 055 144, 226 953 5,488 159, 722 52, 989 226, 209 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 433, 638 33, 862 9, 812 11, 825 8, 727 11, 817 9, 184 6, 12, 455 8, 252 6,150 17, 857 8,475 14, 147 9,031 9,781 11, 585 10, 565 9,074 11, 943 10, 230 12, 673 7, 301 216, 819 11, 966 4,965 16, 931 404, 546 10,370 2,800 11,358 13,320 8, 7,877 8,761 12, 515 14, 167 11,300 10, 770 9, 040 7, 7, 673 6, 250 10, 598 8, 553 8, 132 13, 498 13, 086 6,700 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3 .—Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru* sta (posit Men ctional ff i dons) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Io w A— C ontinued Tipton _ _ 1 3 14 27 997 878 179 Waukon . . 1 2 16 20 852 753 179 Other cities _ _ _ 20 1 35 256 514 18, 406 16,483 180 Kansas. _ _ 34 94 334 878 31, 416 27,530 177 Anthony _ _ _ 1 2 10 18 679 595 179 1 2 10 41 1, 550 1, 318 178 Beloit 1 2 10 23 866 734 176 Cherryvale _ 1 2 9 21 749 674 179 Eureka. _ _ _ 1 5 11 30 973 844 175 1 3 12 25 878 816 178 Galena _ _ _ 1 2 8 32 1, 016 887 175 Garnett. _ 1 3 11 20 716 637 177 Herington 1 3 10 21 703 629 178 Hiawatha _ 1 3 9 20 730 649 177 Hoisington _ 1 4 12 28 1, 139 997 180 Holton _ 1 2 7 20 623 549 175 Kingman _ 1 2 12 22 829 724 175 Marysville ... 1 3 10 30 975 885 176 Norton: Elementary District _ 1 2 26 695 616 175 High School District . 1 6 8 233 216 176 Osawatomie _ 1 2 11 27 1, 182 1, 057 175 Paola _ _ _ _ 1 4 9 27 1,172 938 176 Other cities - - 17 47 167 439 15, 708 13, 765 177 Michigan . . 59 13 99 846 1, 771 69,588 64,097 181 Allegan.. _ _ _ 1 2 25 37 1, 608 1,411 180 Bad Axe _ 1 1 2 34 812 660 178 Belding. . _ _ 1 2 14 37 1,321 1, 196 180 Bessemer. _ _ _ 1 2 13 21 722 658 178 Boyne City _ 1 1 15 23 1,008 937 176 Caro _ _ 1 2 18 29 1,262 1,200 180 Durand _ _ 1 1 11 26 1, 121 985 183 Eaton Rapids . . . . 1 1 1 12 42 1,505 1,391 186 Fenton. . . . . 1 2 17 34 1,381 1,262 182 Fremont _ 1 2 19 30 1,291 1,243 178 Gladstone _ 1 1 13 24 910 847 180 Grand Ledge _ _ _ 1 3 24 45 2,005 1,919 177 Iron River . . 1 4 2 14 24 1,057 993 180 Marine City _ 1 2 13 25 1,079 983 178 Munising _ _ _ 2 1 13 26 1, 206 1,043 180 Newberry _ 1 2 18 28 1,201 1,155 186 North vdle _ _ 1 2 19 34 1,296 1, 179 184 Otsego.. _ _ 1 2 15 42 1,541 1,432 181 Rochester _ 2 4 31 73 2, 794 2, 586 185 Rogers City . . . 1 2 11 21 784 735 184 Romeo _ _ _ 1 3 13 46 1,760 1,620 179 St. Clair. . . . . . 1 2 13 30 1,071 943 181 St. Ignace _ _ 1 11 11 582 541 177 St. Johns . . . . 1 2 18 40 1,478 1, 375 182 St. Louis . . . 1 2 14 30 1,200 1,143 184 Wakefield . . . . 1 1 14 26 1, 020 881 184 Other cities . . 31 7 52 446 933 36,673 33, 779 181 footnotes at the end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 133 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — -Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration 10 Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi- Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 $9, 962 13,537 197, 418 $6, 386 $16, 800 11,200 179, 650 $116, 502 102, 193 2,424,394 $15, 048 $4, 783 10,886 180, 650 $138, 085 124, 279 2, 806, 128 $89, 918 45, 507 1, 075, 703 $237, 965 183,323 4, 079, 249 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 320, 936 419, 580 3, 822, 874 30, 324 259, 586 4,532,364 1, 215, 623 6, 068, 928 7,414 10, 984 8,463 8,622 11, 151 11,200 6,975 8, 727 10,240 7,337 9,476 9,658 7,014 10, 597 7,146 1,422 13, 962 10,080 160,468 10, 196 9, 425 12, 480 7,650 23, 678 12,200 7,200 11,818 13, 825 11, 605 17, 472 7,615 8,648 11, 052 7,600 6, 550 12,350 18, 426 209, 790 94,284 173, 980 109, 953 84,640 106, 759 114, 262 98, 696 93, 792 91, 794 98,563 132, 179 79,952 122, 936 130, 190 81,000 53, 455 123, 803 121, 199 1, 911,437 1, 687 2, 792 1,624 1,708 1, 924 1,900 650 15, 162 11, 074 12, 189 8.203 8, 557 11, 162 5, 920 3,470 4,188 5,092 4,421 8, 724 6,426 6.203 3,050 5,710 10, 873 6,123 129, 793 115, 554 197, 535 130, 636 102, 534 144,391 133,318 109,366 109, 798 110, 711 116, 213 160, 083 93, 993 139, 711 149, 650 91, 650 65, 715 148, 926 146, 398 2, 266, 182 30,232 51, 679 42,868 27,314 41, 497 42,014 38, 625 24,140 33, 971 25, 002 39, 548 19, 780 32, 470 35,466 24,500 15, 501 38, 405 44,802 607, 814 153,200 260, 198 181, 967 138, 470 197, 039 186, 532 154,966 142. 665 154, 922 148, 552 209, 107 123,431 179, 195 195, 713 123, 296 82,638 201, 293 201,280 3, 034, 464 858,753 60, 915 511, 756 9,436, 878 747, 212 10, 896, 359 4,096,325 15,851,437 15, 156 14, 743 16, 622 15,304 14, 219 15,085 12, 673 12, 011 18, 127 13, 967 9, 948 24.609 13, 190 16, 401 17,088 11,971 14. 610 15, 423 27, 992 15,188 17.610 16, 166 9,251 20,094 11, 171 17, 572 452, 562 4,000 4,000 '20r813 8, 137 5,424 10,050 8,829 5,000 10, 432 5,200 5, 950 11,000 7,733 13, 514 11, 698 10, 517 4,935 9,700 12, 545 10, 150 21,100 10, 784 16, 232 11,206 4, 325 11,800 9,300 32, 102 269, 695 208,426 127, 497 166, 047 102, 963 121, 273 199, 120 132, 007 201, 088 201,640 185, 105 112, 262 263, 620 148, 956 142, 882 129,429 170, 721 209,609 191, 287 379, 373 115, 164 225, 925 173, 571 74, 326 195,338 144, 874 141, 151 4, 973, 224 2,165 2,418 1, 752 1,689 2, 272 2, 924 5,089 4,250 6, 183 1,400 1, 952 1,640 1,600 4, 527 3, 052 7,880 4,790 847 4,083 1,637 3,880 73,568 13, 773 11,321 16, 577 13, 766 11, 267 14, 519 14,915 14,083 10, 675 28, 370 13, 625 17, 847 17, 467 11,088 10,004 11, 027 12, 920 13, 856 17, 028 9, 912 9, 412 12, 784 21, 936 393, 780 232, 501 144,242 195, 092 127, 310 137, 540 225, 760 154, 394 228, 045 228,404 221, 208 134, 137 301, 164 200, 334 166, 439 146, 008 193, 048 239, 601 218, 345 425, 381 135, 860 251, 569 199, 555 85,786 224, 005 164, 795 173, 467 5, 742, 369 68,926 67, 339 59, 579 73, 581 58, 753 58, 478 56,544 90, 607 80,044 66, 725 36, 106 137, 075 93, 842 77, 174 70, 087 59, 620 74, 901 88, 647 160, 298 50,651 82, 213 87, 079 31, 375 84, 698 40, 394 82,830 2, 158, 759 316, 226, 271, 216, 210, 299, 223, 330, 326, 301, 180, 462, 307, 260, 233, 264, 329, 322, 613, 201, 351, 302, 126, 328, 216, 273, 8,353, 360 366 869 367 690 368 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (posii Men ctional ,ff i tions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 369 Minnesota _ 40 6 56 528 1,080 44, 368 39, 332 172 370 Benson _ 1 1 21 24 1, 138 1,009 173 371 1 3 22 35 1,419 1,298 171 372 1 1 16 31 1,239 1, 124 173 373 1 2 14 39 1,412 1, 286 174 374 1 2 16 25 1,088 973 174 375 1 1 15 19 900 820 173 370 1 1 14 32 1,059 967 172 377 1 2 15 29 1,029 938 172 378 North St. Paul . . 2 2 22 62 2,677 2, 291 172 379 Park Rapids . - . . 1 1 1 17 27 1,289 1,100 172 380 1 2 12 21 894 801 172 381 1 1 7 15 494 438 172 382 Staples _ _ - 1 2 13 26 1,075 955 171 383 Tracy . . 2 2 18 28 1, 199 1,040 170 384 1 1 12 30 1, 121 1,025 172 385 White Bear Lake _ _ 2 2 2 17 68 2, 993 2, 600 173 386 Windom _ _ 1 2 13 29 1, 158 1,001 174 387 Other cities . 20 3 28 264 540 22, 184 19, 666 172 388 Missouri _ 54 6 118 564 1,836 66,794 58, 282 178 389 Aurora _ _ 1 1 1 8 26 1,069 924 180 390 Bethany.. .. 1 2 10 35 1,096 958 177 391 Bolivar 1 2 11 36 1,247 1,092 177 392 Bonne Terre . . . . 1 2 9 25 932 806 180 393 California . . 1 8 24 763 702 180 394 Cameron . . . . 1 1 2 10 32 945 841 180 395 Crystal City _ _ _ 1 2 13 23 900 824 180 396 Dexter _ _ _ 1 1 2 12 39 1,612 1, 472 180 397 Eldon _ _ _ _ 2 2 11 40 1,270 1, 112 180 398 Fayette. 1 3 6 20 548 503 177 399 Fredericktown . . 1 2 8 24 1, 234 1,040 177 400 Hayti. _ _ 1 4 13 43 1,896 1. 504 180 401 Higgins ville _ _ _ 1 4 10 24 769 725 177 402 Jackson . . . 1 2 9 45 1,445 1,390 177 403 Lamar . 1 2 11 23 959 842 180 404 Liberty . 1 2 9 36 1,571 1,274 180 405 Louisiana. . ... ... _ _ 1 2 6 27 882 752 180 406 Macon _ ... _ 1 2 7 29 788 743 180 407 Malden _ _ _ _ l 2 12 38 1,611 1,340 177 408 Monett .. 1 2 8 33 1, 100 1,020 177 409 North Kansas City.. 1 7 32 162 6, 138 5, 155 177 410 Perryville.. . . . . 1 2 9 18 656 604 177 411 Richmond . 1 2 10 37 1,015 914 177 412 Ste. Genevieve.. 1 2 12 16 629 577 180 413 Vandalia . . . . . 1 2 6 26 715 655 176 414 West Plains _ ... .. .. 1 2 22 37 1,607 1, 372 180 415 Other cities _ ... . . 27 3 59 282 918 33, 397 29, 141 178 416 Nebraska... _ 23 36 212 557 19, 960 16, 960 177 417 Broken Bow. . 2 1 7 31 995 888 179 418 C hadron 1 1 8 23 784 592 176 419 Crete . . . ... _ 1 1 8 27 763 706 176 420 Gering. _ _ _ _ 1 3 15 35 1,373 1,181 176 421 Holdrege _ _ 1 3 11 32 1,074 913 176 422 Ogallala . 1 2 12 24 1, 000 956 178 423 Schuyler. . 1 2 10 21 673 635 176 424 Sidney _ _ 1 1 16 43 1,978 1,408 180 425 Wayne _ _ . .. 1 1 8 15 464 424 176 426 West Point.. . 1 2 6 14 397 370 175 427 Other cities . . 12 19 111 292 10, 459 8,887 177 See footnotes at the end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 135 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) * $503,006 $30, 706 $294, 176 $5, 802, 194 $49,284 $721, 044 $6, 897, 404 $2, 768, 564 $10,168,674 369 13, 182 19,123 12,405 12, 666 14, 534 14, 572 16, 303 15, 107 21. 588 13, 120 10, 322 10, 895 14, 509 14, 016 12, 410 23, 934 12, 817 251, 503 438, 988 4,203 11,150 'l5~353 5,450 15, 527 5, 350 11, 339 10, 213 5, 740 5,000 10, 125 11, 833 5, 500 10,584 4,037 10, 040 10, 015 5, 210 11,350 9, 775 147, 088 166, 458 220, 980 155, 050 197, 686 139. 192 125, 766 162. 192 145, 570 320, 483 154, 266 118, 797 73,906 143, 658 149, 481 151, 195 332, 881 143, 536 2, 901, 097 1,650 2, 239 5, 672 L 327 1, 740 5, 425 1,661 4, 928 24^642 17, 885 21, 206 18, 789 21, 523 16, 801 9, 365 17, 918 12, 789 45, 652 20, 201 19, 661 8,997 19, 617 24, 233 18, 880 38, 436 28, 569 360, 522 191, 443 259, 952 179, 189 236, 220 166, 206 142, 198 185, 110 170, 224 383, 393 185, 831 149, 042 86, 940 173, 315 183, 729 175, 285 398, 745 181, 880 3, 448, 702 75, 943 114, 445 75, 734 118, 643 45, 466 38, 615 44, 929 37, 447 175, 166 83, 489 67, 069 31, 253 88, 702 90, 803 62, 321 149, 652 84, 605 1, 384, 282 5,< 280, 393, 267, 367, 226, 195, 246, 222, 580, 282, 226, 129, 276, 288, 250, 572, 279, 21, 232 498, 072 6,900,460 97, 062 713,112 8, 229, 938 3,310, 610 11, 979, 536 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 6, 546 9, 926 9, 277 8, 653 4,375 5, 948 11, 632 6,436 7, 842 4, 487 5, 661 7, 652 9,763 12, 984 7, 6,350 8, 312 8, 521 9, 924 9, 922 25, 151 5,907 5, 4, 500 6, 000 10, 068 219, 494 4, 916 5, 035 8, 000 8, 500 10, 066 2, 700 "3,666 10, 616 7,900 13, 975 7,728 8. 000 12. 300 8, 600 13, 045 15, 042 8, 550 11. 300 8, 504 7,700 7,221 7,262 8, 000 30, 565 6,633 9,310 7,000 9, 800 9, 000 249, 036 109, 244 121, 156 118,230 117, 936 96, 663 115, 789 142, 120 135, 38r 123, 018 56, 167 99, 102 155, 139 104, 946 126, 515 101, 008 146, 758 87, 514 84, 591 124, 790 110, 713 662, 044 76, 945 105, 346 82, 000 84, 552 162, 557 3, 450, 230 1,734 1, 850 1.075 2, 973 823 561 2,076 '"341 1,846 790 4, 788 1, 255 632 1,312 14, 824 402 350 4, 000 5,200 1, 48, 531 11,596 10, 476 13, 917 9, 220 9, 371 12, 475 10, 138 15, 739 11,665 6, 565 13, 679 12, 342 11, 731 13, 755 18. 094 22, 823 13, 391 12, 760 14, 582 14, 684 51, 290 13, 397 9, 373 5, 000 4, 200 14, 293 356, 556 132, 525 141, 482 140, 647 138, 297 109, 007 139, 68" 166, 794 161, 854 142, 683 75, 032 123, 45' 180, 526 132, 060 150, 666 131, 192 182, 873 109, 860 105, 204 146, 634 134, 709 758, 723 97, 377 124, 379 98, 000 103, 752 187, 549 4, 114, 35,315 72, 300 93, 156 41, 095 55, 487 52, 920 48, 634 44,151 62, 993 24, 767 28, 627 45, 951 53,112 102, 789 99, 029 112, 965 39, 942 45, 010 45,111 41, 801 262, 769 52, 194 50, 466 50, 000 31, 903 62, 818 1, 655, 305 174, 386 223, 708 243, 080 188, 045 168, 869 198, 555 227, 060 212, 441 213, 518 104, 286 157, 745 234, 129 194, 935 266, 439 237, 885 302, 188 158,114 158, 735 201, 669 186, 432 1, 046, 643 155, 478 180, 838 152, 500 141, 655 260, 435 5, 989, 768 206, 200 169, 441 2, 392, 672 8,025 305, 443 2, 875, 581 685, 323 3, 767, 104 10, 853 9, 825 7,895 12, 165 12, 902 9, 812 9, 391 10, 645 5, 700 8, 963 108, 049 3, 560 3, 951 4, 915 12, 340 17, 813 8, 160 8, 071 5,070 4,450 12, 324 88, 787 106, 000 99, 047 105, 709 153, 016 137, 202 109, 638 85, 971 208, 304 68, 340 65, 685 1, 253, 760 2,200 1,620 4, 205 18, 936 17, 675 11.317 12, 987 18, 360 7, 979 16, 253 28. 317 6,200 7, 367 160, 052 128, 49G 120, 67; 121, 941 178, 34 175, 575 125, 77 110, 295 243,311 78, 990 85, 376 1,506,804 21, 278 32, 668 28, 892 53, 616 43, 509 22, 092 32, 341 58, 087 14, 375 19, 356 359, 109 160, 163, 158, 244, 231, 157, 152, 312, 99, 113, 1, 973, 627 417 418 419 420 421 422 027 423 043 424 065 425 695 426 962 427 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Men Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 428 North Dakota . . 2 2 9 51 1, 637 1,551 179 429 Grafton. . . . 1 1 1 33 960 926 178 430 Rugby - - - 1 1 8 18 677 625 180 431 Ohio . . . . 74 92 771 1,785 73, 614 67, 673 175 432 Amhurst _ ... . 2 1 10 30 1, 474 1,252 172 433 Barnesville _ _ .. 2 1 17 30 1,228 1, 173 175 434 1 1 15 30 1,287 1, 173 175 •135 1 1 9 24 917 866 172 436 1 1 13 31 1,317 1,227 174 437 Chagrin Falls _ 1 2 11 27 942 857 175 438 Clyde _ _ 1 2 19 32 1, 384 1,287 168 439 Columbiana _ _ .. 1 1 8 22 962 866 175 440 Crestline... . . . 1 1 9 20 959 853 172 441 Crooksville _ _ 1 1 6 17 732 677 174 442 Dennison _ 8 23 891 827 175 443 Eaton .. _ _ _ _ 1 2 12 33 1, 242 1,164 176 444 Elmwood Place _ .. 1 6 15 610 525 181 445 Fairport Harbor _ 1 1 9 23 673 623 178 446 Greenfield . . . 1 1 H 46 1, 771 1,622 176 447 Hicksville _ 1 1 9 20 817 761 175 448 Lebanon. . . . 2 3 20 44 2,119 1,859 175 449 Lisbon _ 1 1 9 38 1,240 1, 154 176 450 Marysville _ _ _ 1 12 24 1,043 987 180 451 Middleport _ _ 1 8 19 817 770 177 452 Mingo Junction . 1 1 14 31 1,058 1,006 176 453 Montpelier _ _ ... 1 2 12 19 863 798 174 454 Nelson ville _ _ 1 3 9 27 1. 051 969 175 455 New Boston _ 1 1 15 22 908 864 177 456 Newcomerstown. . 1 1 9 28 1, 106 1, 029 176 457 New Lexington.. . . 1 1 10 20 834 771 176 458 Newton Falls _ _ 1 1 15 34 1, 523 1,404 177 459 North Canton _ 2 2 15 35 1, 520 1,418 180 460 Perrysburg... .. .. . . 1 3 22 28 1, 407 1, 270 170 461 Pomeroy . . . 1 2 11 17 803 742 176 462 Rittman . . 1 2 8 31 1, 148 1.015 172 463 Upper Sandusky . .. . 1 1 15 23 1,009 956 173 464 Wauseon _ _ 1 2 10 26 1,023 963 172 465 Westerville . . . 1 3 16 39 1,779 1,631 175 466 Westlake. . . 2 2 13 26 1, 138 1,064 172 467 Willard 1 3 12 35 1, 187 1,068 180 468 Other cities _ _ 33 41 344 796 32, 832 30, 182 175 469 South Dakota _ 12 14 137 251 9, 831 8, 619 178 470 Belle Fourche .. 1 2 12 30 1, 175 1,031 178 471 Canton . . . . . 1 1 11 17 628 595 180 472 Dead wood _ .. 1 2 7 23 738 614 180 473 Lemmon. _ _ _ 1 1 13 14 650 520 180 474 Milbank. _ _ 1 1 12 18 707 620 176 475 Mobridge. . . .. 1 1 10 23 871 825 181 476 Redfield . 1 1 9 21 679 614 178 477 Sisseton. . 1 1 17 20 931 741 180 478 Sturgis _ .. .. _ 1 1 13 24 954 879 180 479 Winner _ _ 1 10 19 856 741 174 480 Other cities . . . . 2 2 23 42 1, 642 1,439 178 See footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 137 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 10 13 $16,342 $8, 480 $182, 238 $7, 550 $198, 268 $46, 205 $260, 815 428 7,785 8, 557 3, 960 4, 520 96, 002 86, 236 3, 471 4, 079 103,433 94, 835 26, 408 19, 797 137,626 123, 189 812, 477 21,051 11, 750 10, 893 9, 827 8, 931 15, 699 18, 589 6,963 10, 515 9,294 10, 695 12, 037 14, 078 13, 764 11,503 10, 008 15, 043 10, 365 10, 172 7,129 11,156 12, 359 11, 736 14, 456 13,183 11, 193 13, 905 18, 401 18, 301 9,202 12, 279 7, 396 11, 491 14, 416 20, 787 11, 546 362, 364 437, 779 9, 059, 190 $47, 007 661, 937 10, 205, 913 4, 429, 737 15, 448, 127 431 4, 845 4, 600 4, 700 4, 917 5,000 11, 300 11,037 5. 560 4, 900 4, 250 9,767 5, 167 4,825 4,432 13, 595 4, 854 4,862 8,500 12, 030 5,733 5, 041 4, 546 5,249 11,633 15, 542 8,129 9, 701 4, 8,500 12, 925 10, 196 12, 028 195, 249 134, 705 149, 058 143, 449 113, 646 165, 066 145, 369 194, 175 110, 751 102, 566 65, 027 101, 708 157, 253 88, 998 134, 886 187, 803 90, 032 225, 644 164, 564 131, 871 81,646 154, 060 97, 031 115, 525 157, 452 127, 478 89, 961 177, 714 218,760 212, 350 91, 765 151, 610 118, 621 121, 629 191,297 158, 950 146, 383 4, 040,387 1,392 1, 015 1,425 1,450 1. 2,100 1,385 1,400 1,950 2, 337 1,747 4,089 1,171 1,000 1,719 20, 965 14, 376 4, 130 7,793 13, 701 11, 703 12,816 19, 287 6,987 8, 021 4, 058 9,830 12, 334 3, 108 8, 716 13, 057 5,935 16, 430 17, 282 10, 477 2, 926 1, 6,113 10, 210 6, 315 21, 914 4, 794 14, 802 10, 440 21, 663 4,153 11,206 7, 791 10, 767 9,534 10, 557 11, — 295, 223 153, 926 157, 788 157, 334 132, 264 181, 769 170, 500 224, 499 123, 298 115, 487 73,335 111,538 179, 354 92, 106 148, 769 207, 110 100, 399 257, 119 188, 562 142, 348 84, 572 162, 830 111,644 139, 150 170, 900 156, 383 101, 638 199, 512 240, 833 253, 644 105, 218 172, 517 131, 578 140, 896 213, 756 179, 703 171, 810 4, 551, 824 97, 339 68, 705 65, 673 56, 649 95, 779 60, 324 121, 155 57, 974 49, 007 41, 597 39, 240 98, 899 30, 688 57, 626 112, 447 46, 677 139, 866 95, 755 56, 454 18, 426 56,315 42, 970 49, 145 100, 004 42, 619 52, 426 81, 825 85, 993 87, 559 26, 386 57, 592 71, 892 34, 747 104, 218 82, 390 67, 719 1, 975, 657 272, 316 238, 243 233, 900 198, 740 286, 479 246, 523 364, 243 188, 235 175, 009 124, 226 161, 473 290, 290 136, 872 220, 159 331,060 157, 084 412, 028 294, 682 208, 974 110, 127 230, 301 166, 973 200, 031 285, 360 212, 185 165, 257 295, 242 345, 227 359, 504 140, 806 242, 388 210, 866 187,134 332, 390 282, 880 251, 075 5, 889, 845 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 118, 367 65, 247 1, 204, 154 3, 658 104, 784 1, 377, 843 463, 961 1, 960, 171 10, 432 9, 870 7,700 8,000 7, 052 16, 855 10, 299 7,928 13, 721 6,743 19, 767 11, 222 3, 479 8, 476 4, 350 4,800 4,500 4, 4,200 4, 4,200 10, 896 122, 256 91, 859 97, 400 77, 000 100,380 107, 716 92, 300 105,101 119, 590 89, 458 201, 094 2,285 762 611 17, 213 6,884 10, 566 2, 000 12, 382 4,935 2, 527 16, 209 6, 392 8,177 17, 499 152, 976 102, 222 117, 204 83, 350 117, 562 117,151 99, 265 125, 510 130, 668 101, 835 230, 100 47, 008 43, 036 37, 008 56, 650 26, 607 38, 763 29, 870 33, 842 40, 560 33, 136 77, 481 210, 416 155, 128 161,912 148, 000 151, 221 172, 769 139, 434 167, 280 184, 949 141, 714 327, 348 398312— 5< 11 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 .505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 520 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 S< BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3 .—Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Fuli^Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 Men Women i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 i 9 Wisconsin. . _ . . 53 16 82 627 1, 243 46,359 41, 269 177 Algoma _ _ _ 1 11 13 580 560 190 Berlin _ .. _ 1 2 14 21 923 817 180 Black River Falls . . . 1 1 2 10 56 1,708 1, 509 176 Clintonville.. . __ . 1 2 20 31 1, 266 1,192 174 Columbus . . . 1 1 13 23 799 734 184 Greendale _ 3 2 1 17 21 813 735 185 Hudson . . . 1 1 9 24 883 816 176 Hurley _ _ _ 1 4 7 17 29 1,179 1, 017 175 Jefferson . . . . 1 1 9 22 740 629 175 Kimberly . . . . 1 1 11 9 479 392 177 Ladysmith.. ... _ 1 1 12 28 1,082 960 175 Lancaster.. . . . 1 2 9 17 720 629 175 1 1 10 21 668 578 174 Neillsville _ _ _ 1 1 9 18 671 594 175 New London... _ _ 1 1 2 16 29 1,065 996 175 Park Falls _ _ 1 2 10 21 822 747 180 Plymouth _ 1 2 15 28 996 953 175 Port Washington . . 1 2 17 25 930 811 182 Richland Center _ . 1 2 18 29 1,251 1,124 173 Sheboygan Falls . . .. 1 2 10 23 779 677 185 Spooner . . . . . 1 2 12 33 1,158 1,031 173 Stoughton _ 1 2 15 37 1,303 1, 178 177 Tomahawk . . . . 1 13 21 788 669 180 VIroqua _ _ _ _ 1 3 12 29 1,015 830 175 Waupaca... . . 1 11 26 1,025 869 176 Other cities _ _ 26 8 40 307 609 22, 71 G 20, 222 177 SOUTH _ _ 332 20 773 3,164 12, 020 438, 481 380, 947 177 Alabama.. . . 3 4 22 82 3,230 2, 935 175 Florala . . . 1 2 16 596 479 176 Jacksonville _ _ _ _ 1 1 10 40 1,405 1,327 175 Piedmont _ _ _ 1 3 10 26 1,229 1,129 175 Arkansas . . 37 83 303 1,374 53, 812 46, 791 175 Clarendon . 1 1 6 31 1,142 974 177 Clarksville _ 1 1 11 33 1,302 1,107 180 Crossett _ 2 4 20 65 2, 561 2, 294 176 De Queen... _ _ 3 2 7 28 1,037 960 185 Fordyce _ _ 1 3 33 1,324 1,192 171 Marianna . . 1 3 14 62 2, 723 2,272 172 McGehee _ _ 1 3 9 41 1,567 1.351 178 Mena. _ ] 4 7 43 1,619 1,415 176 Monticello. 1 3 7 47 1,606 1,433 178 Nashville . . . . . 1 2 5 33 1,141 995 172 Paris. _ _ _ 1 2 10 35 1,320 1, 198 172 Pocahontas _ _ 1 2 8 35 1,594 1,341 173 Rogers . . . 1 4 10 63 2,229 2, 052 175 Trumann. . . 1 2 11 43 1,917 1,587 174 Warren 1 4 9 63 2,284 1,949 175 Wynne 1 3 15 54 2, 401 2,024 176 Other cities 18 40 147 665 26,045 22, 647 Delaware _ _ 3 9 47 123 4,227 3,890 180 Laurel . . 1 3 17 42 1,575 1,443 180 Lewes _ _ 3 11 25 927 815 180 Seaford . . . 1 3 19 56 1, 725 1, 632 180 footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 139 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 4 Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $470, 037 $77, 912 $421, 538 $6, 522, 635 $96, 970 $677, 281 $7, 796, 336 $3, 527, 833 $11,794,256 481 4, 338 92, 293 2,772 8,225 103,290 15, 660 123,288 482 8, 540 11,975 123; 273 4, 476 11,235 150, 959 80,195 239, 694 483 11, 295 4,600 11, 120 206, 755 3,698 23, 638 249, 811 132, 876 393, 982 484 10, 455 10, 992 189, 123 3, 071 26, 470 229, 656 83,069 323, 180 485 5,268 5, 650 118, 305 3,172 4, 133 131, 260 77, 627 214, 155 486 18, 607 11, 650 7,200 178, 557 14, 305 211,712 76, 172 306, 491 487 7, 680 4, 800 113, 786 2, 330 9, 584 130, 500 48, 112 186, 292 488 8, 777 19, 400 31, 498 160, 351 1,893 19, 683 232, 825 123, 446 365, 048 489 6,125 4,963 109, 773 540 10, 077 125, 353 57, 877 189, 355 490 8, 907 5,200 74, 399 3,205 5, 661 88, 465 35,240 132, 612 491 10, 619 4, 125 136, 628 9, 344 150, 097 72, 956 233, 672 492 2; 652 9, 130 84; 827 1,521 11, 401 106, 879 47, 942 157, 473 493 6, 264 5,165 120, 010 3, 607 19, 321 148, 103 62, 959 217, 326 494 9, 286 5, 452 79,800 11, 249 96, 501 45, 445 151, 232 495 12, 250 4, 085 11, 900 151, 081 875 14, 004 181, 945 70, 211 264, 406 496 13, 969 8, 580 94, 657 9, 423 112, 660 58, 607 185, 236 497 12,714 12, 510 144,366 1,848 17,503 176, 227 60, 936 249, 877 498 9,118 11,000 155, 579 4, 351 17, 140 188, 070 33, 624 230, 812 499 10, 095 11,484 150, 357 1,540 11, 074 174, 455 97, 419 281, 969 500 11, 493 9, 000 126, 703 1,978 12, 370 150, 051 55, 428 216, 972 501 12, 525 9,121 167, 929 1,955 27. 308 206, 313 164, 361 383, 199 502 13, 589 10, 850 178, 614 2,729 16, 060 208, 253 109, 188 331,030 503 8, 013 116, 551 2, 489 10, 910 129, 950 38, 797 176, 760 504 8, 854 13, 270 133, 285 1,405 14, 795 162, 755 105, 112 276, 721 505 8, 312 119, 549 10, 501 130, 050 45, 940 184, 302 506 230, 342 38, 177 206, 553 3, 196, 084 47, 515 331, 867 3, 820, 196 1, 728, 634 5, 779, 172 507 3, 815, 117 90, 977 3, 343, 579 43, 834, 764 229, 441 1, 786, 252 49, 285, 013 12, 997, 611 66, 097, 741 508 21,940 16,800 287, 808 1,800 9, 718 316, 126 15, 499 353, 565 509 5, 271 48, 491 179 48, 670 4, 906 58, 847 510 8,400 4, 800 135, 000 1,800 1,000 142,600 7, 552 158, 552 511 8,269 12,000 104, 317 8, 539 124, 856 3, 041 136, 166 512 250, 552 284, 019 3, 766, 598 24, 852 72,298 4, 147, 767 1, 379, 204 5, 777, 523 513 7,108 2,400 71, 707 1,404 75, 511 31, 479 114, 098 514 5,739 4,200 107,800 2, 500 114, 500 25, 000 145, 239 515 9,883 15, 033 210, 251 3, 405 10,204 238, 893 69, 556 318, 332 516 12,290 7, 500 94, 494 101, 994 28, 903 143, 187 517 8, 354 9,150 94, 101 1,175 104, 426 26, 908 139, 688 518 11,072 11, 103 178, 612 2,618 192, 333 45, 310 248, 715 519 10, 036 9,900 110, 028 119, 928 25, 433 155, 397 520 6,539 12, 169 114, 070 2,115 128, 354 41,185 176, 078 521 8,111 9, 550 116, 105 3, 031 128, 686 37, 226 174, 023 522 5, 801 7, 300 86, 658 1,000 1,489 96, 447 44, 926 147,174 523 8,035 7, 219 103, 828 3, 828 114, 875 62, 843 185, 753 524 9,117 6, 300 90, 835 1,136 98, 271 33, 574 140, 962 525 6, 988 12, 355 152, 476 2,794 1, 148 168, 773 118, 192 293, 953 526 6,522 6, 220 106, 452 771 113, 443 25,124 145, 089 527 5, 600 14, 350 160, 555 3, 510 6,139 184, 554 36, 461 226, 615 528 8, 090 11, 805 145, 597 1,863 159, 265 59, 551 226, 906 529 121, 267 137, 465 1, 823, 029 12, 028 34, 992 2, 007, 514 667, 533 2, 796, 314 530 42, 404 47, 485 682, 612 10, 787 52, 626 793, 510 164, 430 1, 000,344 531 16,458 16, 634 251, 350 1,903 14, 569 284, 456 57, 025 367, 939 532 10, 605 13, 581 135, 690 4, 662 9, 613 163, 546 34, 613 208, 664 '533 15,341 17, 270 295, 572 4, 222 28, 444 345, 508 72, 892 433, 741 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui sta (posil Men ctional ft i dons) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Georgia _ 15 22 121 505 18,088 15, 852 180 1 2 10 39 1, 255 1, 162 180 Buford. ---- ----- - - - 1 1 3 24 898 743 180 Calhoun _ . - _ _ . 1 1 9 34 1, 216 1, 076 180 1 11 27 1, 040 919 180 1 1 8 34 1, 157 990 180 1 2 9 43 1,505 1, 309 180 1 1 9 44 1, 527 1, 255 180 Trion.. _ - _ _ 1 2 3 28 1, 017 910 180 1 2 8 32 1, 160 1, 079 180 1 2 11 32 1,290 1, 130 180 Other cities . . . . - 5 40 168 6,023 5,279 180 Kentucky _ 26 68 114 716 25, 630 22, 270 174 Bardstown.. _ .. 1 l 7 22 536 504 175 Carrollton _ _ .. 1 1 5 22 905 785 172 Catlettsburg . . 1 5 31 1, 035 880 175 Central City.. - _ _ 1 2 5 22 961 819 172 Cynthiana. _ _ -.- 1 3 4 24 841 712 179 Earlington _ .. 1 2 20 710 600 175 Fulton.. _ _ _ _ 1 4 3 24 718 635 175 Irvine _ - -- - _ 1 2 2 24 837 683 174 Lebanon . . . . . 1 3 5 28 960 823 175 Pineville _ -- _ 1 2 5 19 812 644 175 Providence _ _ _ - - 1 3 2 25 989 881 172 Shelbyville _ _ _ 1 3 6 37 1, 424 1, 218 175 Versailles 1 8 8 60 2,087 1, 951 173 Other cities _ 13 34 57 358 12, 815 11, 135 174 Mississippi. . . 26 54 172 854 35, 162 30,448 180 Amory . _ - _ 1 2 7 33 1, 272 1,202 180 Bay Saint Louis. _ . 1 2 6 25 878 772 180 Forest _ . . . 1 1 9 28 1,205 1, 045 180 Hazlehurst _ . - 1 2 4 37 1, 366 1, 210 180 Holly Springs _ 1 1 6 34 1, 395 1,177 180 Indianola _ . _ 1 2 7 51 2, 373 1,921 180 Moss Point . . . 1 4 18 59 2, 496 2,237 180 New Albany. . . . 1 4 8 28 1, 199 1,001 180 Oxford _ -. . 1 1 4 30 1, 142 969 180 Pass Christian _ _ _ 1 2 18 637 551 180 Philadelphia _ . _ . 1 2 8 25 1,032 932 180 Port Gibson.. _ 1 2 5 31 1, 392 1, 186 180 Winona .. _ _ _ 1 2 3 28 1, 194 1, 021 180 Other cities _ _ _ _ 13 27 86 427 17, 581 15, 224 180 North Carolina . 13 1 44 173 711 26,884 24, 026 180 Canton . . . 1 1 6 16 72 2,714 2,541 180 Cherry ville _ 1 3 16 45 1,751 1,635 180 Clinton _ 1 3 16 74 2,836 2,534 180 Edenton . . . . 1 2 18 51 2,013 1,349 180 Elkin . 1 3 9 35 1, 299 1, 195 180 Marion _ 1 7 15 74 2,924 2,734 180 North Wilkesboro _ 1 2 13 39 1, 615 1, 447 180 Rockingham _ 1 4 10 69 2,376 2,151 180 Southern Pines _ 1 1 9 35 1, 177 1,048 180 Wadesboro . . 1 3 11 53 1,975 1,848 180 Other cities . . 3 10 40 164 6, 204 5,544 180 footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 141 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools $144, 838 $107, 378 $1, 774, 763 $10, 057 $73, 553 $1, 965, 751 $603, 226 $2, 713, 815 535 12, 235 9,576 9, 287 10,564 9, 938 10, 015 8, 545 8, 855 7, 802 9, 790 48, 231 9,000 5, 450 3,200 8, 350 4,500 9, 100 5,400 10, 021 8, 350 8, 250 35, 757 152,604 69,833 116, 573 101, 510 123, 792 148, 819 145, 748 108, 973 97, 067 118, 848 2,550 2,413 1,745 3, 349 1,110 2, 612 4, 247 4, 535 2, 585 6, 940 8,602 5, 918 8, 722 3, 789 24, 493 162, 714 77, 895 124, 020 114, 395 130, 877 164, 859 162, 300 127, 325 115, 884 130, 887 654, 595 7,700 25, 723 63, 724 80, 097 32, 382 52, 352 27, 074 42, 441 12, 970 57, 889 200, 874 182, 649 113, 194 197, 031 205, 056 173, 197 227, 226 197, 919 178, 621 136, 656 198, 566 903, 700 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 258,004 210, 046 1, 973, 658 55, 414 2, 239, 118 581, 620 3, 078, 742 13, 193 11, 430 9,337 7,730 12, 249 7,545 8, 517 5,880 7,192 10, 551 7, 264 10, 873 17, 241 129,002 4, 3,892 5,594 10, 322 5, 401 9, 856 6, 650 9, 310 5,920 8, 657 10, 828 24,495 105, 023 103, 833 69, 139 75,642 54, 242 76, 082 34,295 47, 103 50,235 78. 674 57,968 59, 020 109, 474 171, 122 4,883 2, 057 838 623 2, 459 560 2,231 1,295 1, 464 621 3, 685 6, 303 27, 707 112, 814 75, 088 76, 480 60,459 88, 863 40, 256 59, 190 58, 180 89, 672 64, 352 68, 298 123, 987 201, 920 1, 119, 559 29,986 11, 478 19, 798 20, 703 16, 086 18, 322 14, 964 18,888 12, 209 8, 122 37, 119 54,766 290, 810 154, 116, 97. 87, 121, 63, 86, 79, 115, 87, 83, 171, 273. 1, 539, 240,156 9,422 7,000 8,892 7, 475 9,280 15,700 18, 451 7,447 9,242 4,352 6, 792 8, 519 7,506 120, 078 155.221 190, 178 2, 092, 742 75, 574 2, 358, 494 715, 568 3, 314, 218 8. 300 6,400 3, 650 8, 040 3, 825 7, 14, 712 11,692 2, 501 8, 432 7.300 6, 450 5, 957 95, 089 81,946 69, 886 67,024 81, 255 91, 387 104, 394 175, 841 70, 416 71, 961 41,563 69, 199 57, 424 64. 075 1, 046, 371 1,582 3,302 4, 810 2,200 3, 513 7, 709 1, 144 2, 163 1,825 2, 376 834 2, 399 37, 787 94, 176 77, 868 73, 976 94, 105 97, 412 115, 737 198, 262 83, 252 76, 625 51, 820 78, 875 64, 708 72, 431 , 179, 247 $5, 772 215, 075 2,885,991 1,323 85, 082 3, 193, 243 17. 690 16, 489 23, 792 19,740 27, 393 71,050 68, 674 21, 434 21, 265 15. 545 12, 896 23, 854 17, 962 357, 784 712, 096 121, 101, 106, 121, 134, 202, 285, 112, 107, 71, 98, 97, 97, 1, 657. 4, 060, 560 12, 488 11, 528 13, 731 11, 691 12,188 11, 215 11, 457 12,503 11, 124 11, 476 35, 820 4,440 1, 332 28, 406 14, 245 16,760 12,120 11,585 33, 386 7,135 21, 180 5,445 15, 180 49,633 297, 615 192, 925 274, 639 219, 066 154, 025 280, 478 174, 619 274, 474 143,684 208, 468 1,018 305 4, 6,584 20, 423 5, 452 3, 899 6, 600 3, 887 5, 740 2,484 5,891 19,634 334, 949 213, 754 311,822 237, 656 169, 509 320, 464 185, 641 301, 394 151, 613 229, 539 736, 902 70,901 41,803 76, 739 61,880 31,904 60, 823 59, 729 66, 817 33, 281 43, 889 164, 330 418, 267, 402, 311, 213, 392, 256, 380, 196, 284, 937, 142 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Fuli^Time Day Schools of super- Instructional intend- staff i Num¬ ents, (positions) Enroll¬ ber deputy, Super- Princi¬ ment Average of and visors pals (boys daily days assist- (posi- (posi¬ and attend¬ schools ant tions) tions) girls) ance were super- Men Women actually intend- taught 2 ents 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 41 138 443 951 40,015 34, 160 176 1 4 8 21 968 762 175 1 5 13 18 935 768 176 1 2 9 16 596 519 176 1 4 12 12 696 633 175 1 6 16 53 1, 982 1,600 175 2 4 8 22 774 687 175 1 3 12 23 1, 106 985 177 1 4 9 28 855 746 175 1 3 10 24 1, 071 914 176 1 3 13 2-1 851 861 176 2 3 18 28 1, 170 997 178 1 4 19 26 1, 397 1,250 180 1 5 6 27 1,063 839 176 1 4 8 38 1, 369 1,115 175 1 5 17 37 1,739 1, 477 175 1 2 10 20 76" 684 177 1 4 18 23 1, 229 1,075 176 1 4 11 27 1,003 854 176 1 2 10 21 855 758 175 20 67 216 463 19, 487 16, 636 176 36 2 67 406 2, 217 78, 692 65, 563 180 1 3 7 62 1, 708 1, 451 180 1 5 13 70 2,197 1,899 180 1 2 9 45 1, 876 1, 433 180 1 1 6 48 1.847 1, 576 179 1 2 13 67 2,328 1, 872 180 1 4 9 36 1,667 1, 333 180 2 2 11 98 3, 513 2,948 180 1 1 18 99 3, 818 3, 134 180 1 20 124 4,319 3, 481 180 1 19 44 2, 132 1,912 179 1 1 9 36 1,336 1, 165 180 2 1 5 23 122 3, 754 3,200 180 1 2 13 78 2,477 2,067 179 21 1 39 236 1, 288 45, 720 38, 092 180 13 17 22 290 10, 308 9,367 175 1 1 20 577 541 175 1 1 3 23 912 786 175 1 1 1 21 754 687 175 1 2 3 14 522 463 178 1 2 1 17 623 593 175 1 15 521 479 176 1 2 22 757 683 175 1 2 3 28 1,020 936 175 1 1 2 24 788 731 175 1 1 1 23 886 789 176 4 5 6 83 2, 948 2, 679 175 119 17 267 1, 341 4, 197 142, 433 125, 645 175 3 3 25 83 2,154 1, 816 177 2 4 27 38 1,680 1, 565 175 1 5 12 36 1,267 1, 169 175 1 3 9 37 1,209 1,013 176 1 3 12 44 1, 098 1,003 175 1 2 14 48 1,837 1,575 176 1 2 15 46 1,532 1, 306 175 595 City, by region and State Oklahoma. Antlers _ Chandler.... Cherokee.... Cordell . . Idabel _ Kingfisher. Madill . . Mangum _ Marlow . . Pawnee . . Picher . . Poteau . . Purcell _ Sulphur _ Tahlequah... Tonka wa _ Wagoner _ Wa tonga _ Weatherford. Other cities.. South Carolina . Bamberg _ Batesburg . Bishopville 7.. Cheraw 7 _ Clover _ Denmark 7.... Honea Path... Kingstree 7 _ Manning 7_.._ Mullins 7 . Ware Shoals 7. Williamston. . York 7 _ Other cities... Tennessee. Brownsville «. Clinton a _ Covington a.. Dayton « _ Etowah # _ Lexington «_ _ Newport 9 _ Rogersville 6_ Sparta 9 _ Sweetwater a. Other cities. . Texas Alvin 9 _ Benavides _ Bowie _ Burkburnett. Canyon _ Center _ Clarksville... See footnotes at the end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 143 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) * Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional stafl Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $457, 830 $601, 027 $4, 576, 140 $11, 452 $199, 177 $5, 387, 796 $1, 347, 694 $7, 193, 320 589 7, 195 9, 620i 13, 370! 17, 052 21, 102 17, 815 9,583 15, 002 19, 370 7, 467 7,390 11. 157 9, 450 13, 735 22,474 8, 958 11,633 5, 346 7, 149 222,962 17, 109 19, 670 8,400 16, 980 27, 780 17, 901 13,880 16, 050 13,800 11,600 16, 710 17,500 20,000 17,240 20,400 11, 520 16,838 16, 450 8,500 292,699 91, 604' 103, 593 1 84, 197! 79, 143 226, 277 114, 0.50 114, 709 111, 320 112, 901 137, 294 123, 760 146,045 109, 139 157, 829 172, 166 91, 269 136, 918 132, 875 102,480 2, 228, 571 2, 232 1, 925 1,200 1,500 1,250 '5, *577 3,208 1, 916 9, 448 2,142 1,162 912 6, 967 10,274 1,323 10, 000 8, 516 9,526 16, 557 3, 993 5, 371 4,506 4, 075 96,999 110, 995 123.263 95,805 98, 039 263, 505 134, 093 131, G76 128, 282 133,668 159, 168 141, 793 173, 545 137,655 184, 595 210, 323 108, 282 159, 127 155, 081 115, 055 2, 623, 846 27, 612 38,308 17, 879 23, 328 66, 734 55, 649 37, 360 28. 604 28, 153 29, 639 24,984 52.604 24, 074 34,263 47, 439 22,701 45, 767 53,805 32, 467 656, 324 145, 802 171. 191 127, 054 138, 419 351, 341 207, 557 178, 619 171,888 181. 191 196, 274 174, 167 237,306 171, 179 232, r" 280, 236 139, 941 216, 527 214, 232 154, 671 3, 503, 132 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 367, 357 $10. ( 279, 133 6, 547, 720 42, 909 204,856 7,084,642 1, 523, 727 8, 975, 726 10, 874 6,671 6,738 19, 935 9, 678 7, 671 10, 016 8,223 15, 622 10, 787 213, 434 19, 994 8,286 4,000 9,900 13, 410 8, 560 4,500 A 200 *5, *824 9, 194 20,580 9.200 162, 176 166,200 205, 896 114, 460 127, 870 213, 990 129, 596 360, 126 238, 865 285, 375 171, 054 127, 625 373, 261 229, 182 3, 804, 220 1,500 1, 750 1,680 *11, *492 1, 557 ’24*936 1,575 10, 360 3, 371 A 934 7. 136 1, 474 13, 246 2,727 5,085 7.333 3.137 16, 196 9,261 119, 021 178, 608 238,000 126, 117 136, 804 232, 706 144, 480 393, 424 246, 092 290, 460 178, 387 139, 956 415, 794 247,643 4, 116, 171 1A 315 94,445 18, 178 2A 472 68,831 24,279 126,484 40, 915 47, 675 29,589 29, 957 73,640 45, 663 885.284 225, 012 343, 319 150, 966 168, 014 310, 176 175, 739 539,843 296,685 345,806 217, 992 178, 136 505. 056 30A093 5, 21A 889 76, 752 58, 592 747,363 4,178 64,762 874, 895 172, 375 1,124,022 5, 590 8, 995 5, 323 2,649 6,656 1, 055 7, 825 6, 712 3,304 6, 692 21, 951 4,200 3, 450 3,750 6, 280 6, 550 3, 575 6,280 3,650 4,100 16, 757 50, 457 62, 866 57, 371 34, 240 38,746 38,330 66,819 62,941 61, 547 60, 300 213, 746 900 900 1, 183 1, 195 4,206 6,565 5,548 4, 553 4,844 3, 498 1,600 3,448 6,146 5,832 18, 522 59,763 72,881 66. 669 45, 073 50, 140 45,403 69, 319 72. 669 71,343 71, 415 250,220 11,025 11,148 13, 772 11, 577 14,119 10, 570 8, 885 15. 820 14, 218 11,942 49,299 76, 378 93, 024 85, 764 59,299 70, 915 57,028 86, 029 95, 201 88,865 90, 049 321, 470 1, 800, 063 75, 181 1, 333, 846 18, 499, 369 122,083 893, 192 20, 923, 671 5, 782, 172 28, 505, 906 41, 449 59,223 10,958' 11,038! 27, 166| 10,563 6, 960 12, 734 23,547 23, 400 13, 289 16, 554 10, 032 10,000 399,163 249, 787 152, 168 141, 503 211, 446 195. 658 213,965 3,577 18,700 3,833 34,980 16, 515 1,502 6. 407 20, 036 3,156 3,900 450, 454 308, 549 177,070 165,032 248, 036 208, 846 227, 865 157, 347 125, 530 53, 377 42,088 64, 578 62,490 35, 910 649, 250 1 493, 302 1 241,405,640 218, 158|641 339, 780 '642 281,899 643 270, 735 644 645 646 647 64 S 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Texas— Continued Comanche.. . . - .. 1 1 12 29 1,168 956 175 Decatur _ _ _ _ 1 2 8 27 825 791 175 Dublin _ .. . _ _ 1 1 7 27 835 768 175 1 4 8 20 739 688 175 1 1 14 50 1, 721 1, 528 175 Electra _ .... _ 1 3 18 33 1, 225 1, 108 175 Floydada _ _ _ 1 1 2 15 29 1,234 1,092 175 1 4 12 40 1,537 1, 336 176 F redericksburg . . . 1 2 11 30 978 861 175 1 3 13 47 1,370 1,239 176 1 3 11 36 1, 340 1, 129 175 Gilmer.. _ _ .. 1 1 1 16 43 1, 590 1,449 176 Hamilton . . . . 1 2 7 28 836 785 175 Haskell . 1 3 9 32 1,090 986 178 Heame . 1 2 9 49 1,497 1, 269 175 Hereford _ 1 1 5 17 69 2, 597 1, 874 175 Jasper . . . . . . . 1 2 2 24 45 1,891 1,733 175 Jefferson 1 3 18 45 1,743 1,515 177 Kaufman _ _ _ 1 8 34 1,110 956 175 Kenedy _ _ _ _ 1 4 9 42 1, 372 1, 155 175 La Grange . 1 1 13 35 1,205 1,054 175 Lampasas _ _ 1 1 1 11 43 1,298 1, 173 176 La Porte. _ _ 1 3 12 50 1, 419 1, 357 175 Liberty 1 3 16 38 1,536 1, 410 175 Luling _ _ _ ... _ 2 1 9 28 968 915 175 Marfa.. _ . _ _ 1 1 10 27 923 820 176 McCamey _ 1 2 15 54 1,081 1,033 175 Memphis 1 1 13 24 971 844 175 Mineola _ _ _ _ 1 5 8 34 1, 121 1,067 175 Nocona . . ... 2 3 8 33 895 809 175 Olney 1 2 9 30 1,067 902 175 Paducah 1 1 5 29 752 655 175 Pearsall _ _ .. . 1 2 16 43 1,535 1,247 175 Pittsburg 1 2 17 60 1,849 1,741 175 Quanah - - - - - 1 1 1 11 39 1, 303 1, 195 175 Ranger _ _ 1 1 9 25 907 824 175 Refugio _ .. 1 5 9 36 1, 268 1, 162 175 Ran Diego 1 1 16 27 1,157 1,007 175 San Saba _ 2 9 31 1,169 923 175 Seymour _ _ 1 2 15 40 1, 288 1,137 175 Shamrock _ _ _ _ 1 1 12 24 1, 001 851 175 Silsbee _ _ _ 1 3 11 73 2,302 2,035 175 Sinton _ _ _ _ _ 1 4 11 51 1. 984 1,697 177 Smithville 2 4 13 30 1,041 949 180 Sonora _ _ 1 1 2 8 23 838 740 175 Taft _ _ _ _ 1 3 11 38 1,335 1,103 176 Teague _ 1 1 10 30 1,024 917 175 Wellington . . . . I 4 10 32 1, 053 932 175 Wharton. . . . 1 1 6 19 64 2,158 2,046 175 Other cities - 57 8 128 645 2,019 68, 510 60, 435 175 WEST _ 266 37 552 3, 561 7,203 298, 211 255, 389 176 Arizona _ _ 15 41 302 784 34,587 27,036 170 Avondale ® . _ 1 2 10 33 1,624 1, 150 167 Bisbee 1 5 22 75 2,626 2, 219 176 Chandler _ _ 1 3 34 67 2,905 2,243 175 Clifton _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 16 22 1, 105 965 175 Coolidge _ 1 2 25 2, 978 2,193 168 footnotes at the end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 145 public-school systems in cities byjregion and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) « 10 $9, 211 10, 261 12, 362 15, 297 13,900 22, 100 13,813 20, 808 12. 184 11,052 13,317 14, 177 10,508 10, 791 13, 617 21, 032 15. 184 9,474 14, 984 12, 677 13, 242 15, 950 23, 393 24, 140 13,824 12,286 29. 775 13, 316 12, 851 19, 186 16, 108 13,683 17, 621 14, 002 13, 770 13, 428 24, 100 32, 480 15, 230 12, 289 17, 087 16, 149 18, 597 12, 926 13, 432 14, 165 12, 545 14, 201 20, 352 865, 829 $3, 650 4,036 4, 620 7,327 4,780 4, 780 5, 366 36, 162 $5, 492 8,904 4, 752 17, 162 5,136 12, 582 9,875 21, 070 9,000 12, 219 12, 931 4, 440 9,012 14,818 9,288 24,296 11,672 13,800 4,548 20, 836 5, 462 4, 843 15, 794 16, 050 5,295 5, 916 13, 064 5,642 29,280 15, 464 9,372 5,852 6,942 11, 388 6,730 4,709 26, 500 4, 560 8, 403 8,312 6,693 14, 748 22, 483 18, 126 12, 006 16, 990 5, 819 16, 890 27, 545 641, 579 $143, 291 117, 962 114, 096 94, 119 220, 766 177, 576 142, 923 252, 316 130, 800 193, 325 151, 558 195, 232 115, 632 121, 286 189, 744 289, 425 226, 430 202, 443 135, 281 149, 069 137, 313 182, 576 224, 480 213, 512 138, 096 116, 761 212, 282 122, 116 128, 114 111,225 129, 520 110, 975 173, 880 240, 712 155, 719 110, 808 176, 501 140, 680 130, 350 158, 220 115, 895 284, 462 242, 049 115, 213 104, 284 173, 077 132, 348 122, 984 270, 068 8, 898, 185 $1, 800 3,068 2,961 3, 850 1, 325 1,620 I, 692 904 1,550 1,725 9, 510 "I, '985 1,474 2,137 850 '58, "722 $20, 567 5,191 5,260 2,892 6,540 8, 254 8, 196 34, 022 644 3,620 7, 8, 997 11, 102 5, 726 1, 287 8, 436 5, 524 8,819 3, 311 1,920 7,287 10, 185 7,351 11,081 10, 222 4,879 7,256 4, 553 3, 447 7, 624 4,115 1,850 10, 627 6, 419 5,599 7, 421 16, 100 5,186 4, 359 10, 530 2, 601 7,707 7, 108 5,089 5,852 9,769 6, 610 5,883 22, 360 429, 625 $169, 350 133, 857 124, 108 114. 173 232,442 198, 412 164,644 307, 408 140, 444 212, 232 175, 143 212, 705 135, 746 141, 830 200, 319 326, 777 250, 953 225, 062 143, 140 175, 675 150, 062 203, 709 247, 625 240, 643 155, 233 127, 556 234, 294 132, 311 160, 841 135, 217 144, 557 118, 677 193. 174 258, 519 172, 828 122, 938 219, 101 159, 936 143,112 179, 047 125, 989 306, 917 271, 640 138,428 128, 076 201, 973 144, 777 146, 607 325, 339 10, 064, 273 $94, 670 37, 353 41, 189 35, 345 63, 433 81, 750 52, 092 81,852 31, 900 38, 320 34, 171 53,079 21, 256 43, 197 32,864 93, 167 62, 785 25, 519 42, 036 61, 503 51, 985 53, 824 57, 274 59, 121 30, 743 23,919 88, 399 34, 802 28, 369 32, 613 38, 152 31,014 47, 894 79, 210 67, 996 28, 240 68, 700 52, 757 36, 541 33, 286 42, 662 84, 572 102, 560 26, 307 40, 978 62, 207 36, 019 30, 513 61, 493 781, 221 $273, 181, 177, 164, 309, 302, 230, 410, 184, 261, 222, 279, 167, 195, 246, 440, 328, 260, 200, 249, 215, 273, 328, 323, 199, 163, 352, 180, 202, 187, 198, 163, 258, 351, 254, 164, 311, 245, 194, 224, 185, 407, 392, 177, 182, 278, 193, 191, 407, 13, 711, 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 694 3, 157, 941 173, 028 2, 988, 576 43, 582, 594 767, 235 3, 716, 867 51, 228, 300 19, 919, 671 74, 305, 912 201, 392 226, 782 4, 325, 255 66,015 252,953 4,871,005 1, 272, 555 6,344, 952 10, 456 17, 735 11,912 14, 014 17,096 9,480 30, 494 16, 812 9, 269 10, 900 141,642 466, 074 364, 407 152, 516 8,24-1 2, 996 8, 075 261 4,343 15,311 16, 531 23, 813 6, 322 22,440 174, 677 516, 095 413, 107 168, 368 400, 267 46, 846 149, 610 115, 781 32, 932 81, 162 231, 979 683, 440 540, 800 215, 314 498, 525 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 7AQ BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V — CITIES OF 2,500 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Arizona— Continued Eloy 9 _ 1 2 11 38 2,361 1, 555 165 Miami. . . . 1 4 21 78 3,241 2,692 173 Safford _ __ _ 1 2 22 36 1, 595 1,393 174 Other cities . . 7 19 141 366 16, 152 12, 626 170 California - - 112 18 180 1, 358 2,383 102, 924 89, 169 175 Areata 7__ . . . . 2 3 34 29 2,061 1,806 174 Auburn: Elementary District _ 1 2 8 30 1, 142 903 176 High School District 8 _ 2 3 52 27 1, 555 1,321 177 1 3 11 32 1,339 1, 011 175 Brea: Elementary District _ 1 2 6 21 748 589 176 High School District _ 1 1 10 10 278 252 175 Carlsbad 9 . . . 1 2 14 19 1,011 795 175 Clovis: Elementary District . 1 2 13 15 837 662 175 High School District _ 1 2 26 15 1,211 1, 110 175 Corcoran . . . 2 4 4 42 59 2,842 2,457 175 Covina: Elementary District . 3 5 22 82 3, 627 3, 285 175 High School District _ 3 2 67 35 2,573 2,420 176 Davis _ 2 4 15 42 1, 128 1,096 176 Dinuba. . . . . 2 3 3 33 33 1, 612 1, 279 175 Emeryville _ 1 3 13 26 772 604 175 Exeter • _ 1 1 6 24 975 865 175 Fillmore: Elementary District _ 1 2 5 31 988 918 175 High School District.. .. 2 1 19 15 689 586 175 Gilroy _ _ 2 5 27 54 2, 345 1, 949 175 Glendora 9 _ _ _ 2 3 11 45 1, 873 1,541 177 Healdsburg: Elementary District _ 1 3 21 741 715 177 High School District _ 1 1 14 10 587 499 177 Hemet.. . . . . 1 4 25 53 1, 948 1, 811 175 Hillsborough 9 _ _ 2 2 9 26 698 583 178 Hollister 9 _ 1 3 2 24 852 706 176 La Verne: Elementary District _ 1 2 6 21 1,058 839 175 High School District _ 1 2 15 6 468 441 177 Livermore: Elementary District 7 _ 1 3 31 1, 103 1,071 175 High School District _ 1 11 8 436 423 175 Los Gatos: Elementary District _ 1 4 10 43 1, 664 1, 522 175 High School District _ 1 2 21 13 820 787 175 Manteca 9 . . 1 3 9 29 1,409 1,112 175 Needles _ 2 3 25 34 1, 630 1,405 175 Nevada City 9 . . . 1 10 8 573 477 176 Oakdale: Elementary District _ .. 1 3 6 42 1, 804 1,422 176 High School District . 1 1 27 17 1,085 982 176 Paradise _ 1 1 11 22 1, 124 941 175 Paso Robles _ _ - 2 2 23 40 1,736 1, 507 175 Placerville: Elementary District _ 1 2 28 850 831 175 High School District _ 1 1 17 17 748 673 175 Red Bluff: Elementary District _ 1 2 30 941 926 175 High School District . 1 1 22 11 783 680 175 footnotes at the end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 147 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953—54— Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration j Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 15 16 17 18 $12, 198 $202, 855 $68, 817 $280, 439 702 22, 234 480, 753 127, 072 624, 742 703 15, 975 240, 127 56,053 306, 625 704 118, 129 2, 274, 756 594, 282 2,963,088 705 1,645,300 20, 166, 305 7, 680, 136 29, 201, 053 706 25,815 286, 783 98,653 405, 135 707 20, 674 194, 680 66,516 273,204 708 38, 807 525, 728 242, 421 801, 992 709 14, 267 215, 269 52, 384 276,424 710 19,000 171, 301 64,081 244, 727 711 18, 000 127, 394 65,831 205, 591 712 6, 965 160, 955 56, 712 231,323 713 7, 631 136, 289 39, 422 186,442 714 30, 000 184,000 87, 414 282, 214 715 39, 320 480, 474 214, 056 724, 752 716 27,126 521, 139 147,382 711, 493 717 46, 545 586, 863 230, 846 862, 944 718 27, 770 266,600 75,866 352. 266 719 25,531 325, 284 133, 579 476. 861 720 19,637 233, 222 94, 554 341, 54S 721 7,704 144, 452 38,697 191, 049 722 7,787 157, 747 45,830 217, 721 723 20,509 204, 978 97, 131 322, 718 724 53, 951 446,600 130, 837 608, 130 725 15,328 271, 964 111, 461 409, 787 726 6,963 111,653 27, 259 143, 072 727 13, 844 147, 645 55. 964 212, 142 728 29, 283 416, 842 155,810 593,909 729 16, 893 189, 018 54, 404 265,313 730 6,623 140, 132 36, 587 185, 278 731 10, 459 165,312 60,728 242, 014 732 10, 526 130, 906 70, 923 214, 410 733 9,138 125, 234 38, 704 186, 023 734 9, 806 110, 579 42,138 162, 927 735 25,723 284, 029 92,099 393,418 736 17, 084 226, 391 92, 485 328, 864 737 10, 682 203, 510 54, 755 267, 237 738 39, 800 356, 428 139, 289 531,349 739 5, 285 92,344 34, 331 133,307 740 13, 269 227, 399 79,810 315,049 741 34, 873 269, 478 83, 069 368, 610 742 15, 079 183, 478 88, 526 288, 083 743 18,894 356, 900 121, 714 499. 017 744 10, 151 136, 172 35, 084 178, 223 745 18,542 194, 909 98, 717 304, 052 746 8,364 167, 616 39,441 214, 091 747 26, 025 187, 575 94,203 286, 978 748 $8, 767 16, 917 10, 445 94. 050 $9, 720 22,800 11,400 105, 907 $179, 287 430, 699 208, 155 2, 019, 891 $1, 650 5, 020 4, 30,829 1,3.54, 612 19, 699 12, 008 33, 843 8, 771 9,345 12, 366 13, 656 10, 731 10,800 30, 222 42, 972 45, 235 9, 800 17, 998 13, 772 7,900 14,144 20, 609 30, 693 26, 362 4, 160 8, 533 21, 257 21,891 8, 559 15, 974 12,581 22, 035 10, 210 17, 290 9,988 8,972 35,632 6,632 7,840 16,063 16. 079 20,403 6,967 10,426 7,034 5, 200j $94, 389 16, 878, 954 17, 908 16, 230 12,800 10, 480 21, 450 15,000 12, 520 6, 120 11,420 10, 940 9,450 20, 108 29, 650 16,400 23,300 15,360 17, 952 5,000 11,500 7,000 29,000 18, 495 5,625 7,000 23,800 11,000 17, 025 13, 130 12,440 22,000 13,700 19. 290 21,850 5, 970 17. 390 7,000 7,000 14,000 6,200 11,800 5, 400 246, 668 158, 726 457, 879 180, 896 133, 531 99, 274 142, 570 117, 718 140, 550 386, 928 452, 022 502, 096 210, 500 264,163 191, 563 131, 748 134, 502 169, 912 356. 449 228, 223 99, 065 126, 801 355, 036 153, 673 116, 484 138, 535 102, 025 114, 186 97, 902 229, 619 194. 421 173, 538 279, 769 81, 089 193, 140 220, 506 161,399 319, 006 126,021 170, 167 147, 452 150. 450 1,500 4,800 7, 592 5, 106 6, 250 4,000 4,000 16, 210 12, 341 21, 822 5, 4,000 4, 070 3, 958 7, 557 7, 200 9, 918 8, 723 7, 452 3, 188 5, 915 1,910 2, 871 6,687 1 15, 009 3,600 7,099 5,000 5, 700 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,600 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Men Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught* 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 O alifornia— Con. Reedley: Elementary District- . High School District 8 Rialto 8 _ _ _ Sausalito 6 . . . Taft: Elementary District. . High School District 8 Willows 6 . . . . . Woodlake 8 _ Other cities . .. . Colorado _ Brighton.. . Florence _ _ Las Animas - - Leadville . Monte Vista . . Montrose: Elementary District. . High School District.. Rocky Ford . Salida _ _ Other cities . . . Idaho . . Buhl _ _ _ Gooding . . Grange ville . . Jerome _ _ Kellogg... . - . Montpelier _ _ Payette _ Rexburg . . . Wallace - - - Weiser _ _ Other cities - - Montana _ Cut Bank. . - . Deer Lodge 8 _ Dillon: Elementary District. . High School District.. Glasgow.— . Laurel . . Red Lodge _ _ Roundup . - . . Shelby _ Whitefish.. . Other cities _ _ 1 3 7 25 1,002 894 175 2 1 2 43 26 1,316 1, 129 176 1 2 7 33 1,328 1,133 175 1 1 3 7 50 1,595 1, 407 177 2 2 5 22 81 2,380 1, 904 176 5 2 39 26 1,386 1, 109 176 1 1 8 25 1, 065 879 175 1 1 26 768 760 175 43 7 69 520 913 39, 420 34, 152 175 16 35 199 423 15, 691 14,580 178 2 3 21 61 1.971 1,849 174 1 4 14 18 807 775 180 1 2 14 32 1,224 1,041 180 1 1 7 22 831 820 180 1 2 13 38 1,203 1, 122 175 1 3 8 37 1,190 1,112 180 1 3 24 18 958 894 180 2 4 20 43 1,623 1,494 180 1 2 17 24 1,051 982 180 5 11 61 130 4, 833 4, 491 178 12 4 63 222 514 20, 946 18,840 172 1 2 17 34 1,432 1,367 172 1 3 12 29 1,304 1,183 172 1 9 34 59 2,312 2,136 172 1 1 5 16 46 2,033 1,741 172 1 1 10 30 74 3, 008 2,704 174 1 8 18 47 1,813 1,704 172 1 1 2 5 38 1,286 1,157 172 1 2 24 37 1,743 1,598 172 1 2 14 23 1,052 857 172 1 1 15 41 1,465 1, 247 176 2 1 9 37 86 3, 498 3,146 172 13 25 121 312 11, 244 9, 996 180 1 4 14 34 1,140 1,095 180 1 4 20 746 616 181 1 1 4 21 590 548 180 1 1 9 5 307 278 180 1 2 14 38 1,261 1,112 180 1 4 12 39 1, 419 1,127 180 1 1 7 15 462 415 180 1 1 7 20 684 613 180 1 3 7 20 830 791 180 1 2 15 28 1,208 1,092 180 3 . . . 6 28 72 2,597 2,309 180 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 149 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued CrBBEXT EXPEXDITUBES IX FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four major accounts 4 Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) 5 Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 ! 18 17 18 $12, 269 21, 589 13,927 16.631 33,029 41, 192 8, 602 3. 852 518,819 $5,000 6,500 12,600 56, 151 $15,600 13. 100 10,700 16. 100 41, 450 17,500 6,300 5,500 417,029 $142, 647 307, 693 132, 112 238, 217 512, 945 379, 612 137, 445 107, 413 6, 464, 668 $3,000 15, 787 5,709 6,031 21, 757 27, 112 4,000 175, 728 $17,011 32, 76S! 14, 501 ! 15, 742 36, 546' 52, 307 i 9,600 6,999 630, 153 $178, 258 374,348 163,022 282, 590 625, 29S 476, 531 157,345 119,912 7, 723, 729 $229, 113 592, 041 230, 413 406,943 973, 516 759, 763 236, 682 14S, 842 2,941,505111, 184, 053 $38, 586 196,104 53,4641 107, 722! 315, 189 242, 040 70, 735 25, 078 1 195, 667 150,954 2,004,048 130,483 : 2,295,349 808,668 3,299,684 25, 284 11,886 6,988 11,848 12, 571 10,056 24. 717 23, 678 8, 373 148,842 15,040 15, 358 7, 611 4,900, 8, 375 1 12, 186 13, 540 17,250 10,200 46, 494 236, 671 270,124 105, 303 106,011 109,798 154,668 140,862 154,644 212, 577 132,811 617,250 2,714 1,528 1,384' 1,200 3,038 2, 340, 858 24,896 14, 274 9, 920 7,594 4,703 7, 705 9,308 8. 977' 14, 278 13, 535 40, 189 302, 152 130, 581 122, 744 119, 401 170, 748 163, 740 177,161 244, 105, 157, 746 706,971 173. 640 38,873 35,162 37, 159 69,877 51,128 53, 767 66,292 33,699 249, 071 186, 935 2, 804, 243 1,166,636 501, 076 181,340 164, 894 168, 408 253,196 224,924 255,645 334, 075 199,818 1,016,308 4, 119, 721 12,544 10,817 13,750 11,060 14, 805 15,628 7,801 10, 732 13, 329 13, 519 24,857 4,203 4, 917 3,278 2,485 11,010 13, 589 35, 097 17, 633 49, 954 39,199 6,872 9,060 9,000 5,733 39, 524 157,353 138, 413 270,423 203, 942 349, 272 186,068 141,836 198,744 124, 863 179, 021 390, 923 2,224 1,845 1,820 1,392 2,506 4,258 3,784 1,130 1, 779 4,158 3,833 4,034 31,489 15,224 28, 399 24,781 16,274 8, 575 12, 349 10, 759 31, 218 174, 420 157, 881 338,829 242, 394 435,048 254,306 172, 044 217,509 146, 212 197, 292 83, 977 65, 885 189, 243 84,188 198, 046 105, 511 54, 879 68, 393 48, 014 73, 672 194, 828 270, 941 234,583 541,822 337,642 647,899 375, 445 234, 724 296,634 207, 555 284, 483 687,993 121, 575 127,464 1, 595, 088 2,718 126, 628 1, 851, l 778, 670 2, 752, 143 11,300 8. 526 6,279 10, 477 15,635 8,467 6,909 11, 180 6, 380 8,338 28, 084 19,400 4, 575 6,250 10,048 22, 215 5, 160 4,500 14, 750 11,122 29,444 192,000 86,463 71,388 50, 986 211, 849 167, 110 83, 919 93, 949 100, 716 168, 243 368, 465 2,090 628 6, 995 8,194 6,237 15,504 13,156 6, 806 6, 975 13, 381 10, 929 29,251 220,600 93, 458 84, 157 63, 473 237, 401 204,571 95, 885 105, 424 128,847 190,294 427, 788 71,224 41, 170 36,230 41, 421 115, 842 86, 617 43,808 44,301 42, 658 75, 526 179, 873 303,124 143,154 126,666 115, 371 368,878 299, 655 146, 602 160, 905 177,885 274, 158 635, 745 150 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION. 1952-5 4 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 City, by region and State Nevada . Boulder City _ Carson City . . . Ely: Elementary District . High School District. Henderson _ _ Winnemucca: E lementary D istrict _ High School District. New Mexico. . Belen _ Clayton. . . . . Farmington.. . . Lordsburg _ Lovington _ _ _ Socorro . . . . Truth or Consequences . Oregon. . . Bums: Elementary District _ High School District. Coquille _ _ Cottage Grove: Elementary District. High School District. Dallas.. . . . Hood River _ _ Newberg . . Ontario _ Oswego. _ _ Seaside: Elementary District . High School District. Silverton _ Tillamook. . Other cities . . Washington. Camas . . Colfax . Dayton _ Enumclaw . Ephrata _ Grand Coulee.. Kent _ _ _ Kirkland . . Omak- . . Raymond _ Sedro Woolley. Snohomish _ Other cities _ Num¬ ber Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools of super- Instructional intend- staff 1 Num¬ ents, (positions) Enroll¬ ber deputy, Super- Princi¬ ment Average of and visors pals (boys daily days assist- (posi- (posi¬ and attend¬ schools ant tions) tions) girls) ance were super- Men Women actually intend- taught 2 ents 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 3 9 69 174 6, 948 6, 105 176 1 2 16 36 1, 277 1, 076 174 1 2 8 26 1, 063 881 180 1 2 2 19 779 612 178 1 1 11 11 627 558 178 1 3 2 23 62 2, 457 2,331 174 1 3 16 573 484 181 1 6 4 172 163 179 9 4 22 147 308 13, 261 11,009 179 1 1 3 30 56 2, 387 2,092 178' 1 3 16 38 1,274 1,216 180 2 2 5 34 60 3, 056 2, 499 180 1 2 9 32 1,115 962 175 2 5 28 60 3, 158 2, 349 179 1 2 15 32 1, 186 986 180 1 2 15 30 1, 085 905 180 . 33 2 75 382 886 31, 283 26, 886 179 I 1 3 21 654 569 1 178 1 1 9 6 291 267 178 1 4 18 35 1, 438 1,255 184 1 2 8 33 1, 180 948 181 1 1 16 12 659 582 181 1 4 19 43 1, 534 1,278 177 1 4 10 30 999 784 178 1 4 25 40 1, 477 1, 284 178 2 1 5 22 55 1,930 1,780 183 4 3 15 68 2, 001 1,705 181 1 1 5 19 598 566 177 1 1 10 5 284 237 180 1 3 15 30 1, 127 1,033 179 1 5 23 63 2, 064 1,666 175 16 1 36 184 426 15, 047 12, 932 179 33 6 84 553 948 42, 576 36, 184 179 1 3 21 37 1,862 1,597 180 1 2 16 22 808 762 180 1 2 11 18 850 754 180 2 3 19 39 1,643 1, 417 180 2 4 23 39 1, 882 1,494 180 1 2 8 19 658 533 180 2 3 8 48 65 3,206 2, 721 180 2 9 47 103 4,316 3,642 179 1 4 16 32 1,427 1, 193 176 1 2 14 24 1,066 903 178 2 2 34 57 2, 523 2,107 180 1 3 31 40 1, 984 1,765 180 16 3 40 265 453 20, 351 17, 296 179 See footnotes at the end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 151 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Dat Schools Instruction Total six Salaries and wages Four major Admin is- major current tration Total in¬ accounts 4 accounts Teachers Other * structional (actual Super- Princi- and other Clerks expenditure dollars) 5 visors pals instructional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $75,833 $10, 511 $48,877 $906, 020 $7,760 $103, 660 $1,076,828 $339, 529 $1, 492, 190 793 12,400 13,000 212, 338 2,300 22,190 249,828 51, 473 313, 701 794 14, 901 10, 316 136, 947 11, 870 159, 133 46, 825 220,859 795 9.384 8, 400 73,500 9, 890 91, 790 30, 436 131, 610 796 10, 044 6,500 87' 609 15, 991 110, 100 77, 343 197, 487 797 14,543 10, 511 10,661 274, 711 5,460 29,233 330, 576 94, 676 439, 795 798 5, 244 75, 691 6,943 82, 634 17,832 105 710 799 9,317 45,224 7,543 52, 767 20, 944 83,028 800 123, 618 20,085 127, 180 1, 786,971 13, 656 46, 461 1, 994, 353 788, 304 2, 906, 275 801 24,870 5,445 19, 810 346,227 7,866 379, 348 90, 099 494, 317 802 12, 571 13, 980 182, 147 4, 200 8, 100 208, 427 167, 593 388, 591 803 23, 254 10, 140 27,900 346, 529 2, 285 6,824 393, 678 159, 699 576, 631 804 14, 397 11,000 173, 406 3, 369 187, 775 46, 713 248, 885 805 18,831 31,790 379, 148 3,821 7, 043 421, 802 237, 406 678, 039 806 15,030 4,500 11,100 181, 443 5, 377 202, 420 40, 894 258, 344 807 14, 665 11,600 178, 071 3,350 7,882 200, 903 45, 900 261, 468 808 351, 140 8,304 398, 502 5, 125, 551 72, 591 407, 414 6, 012, 362 2, 536, 829 8, 900, 331 809 1,956 5,800 93, 606 1,650 5,790 106, 846 33, 313 142, 115 810 6, 061 2, 825 64,863 900 9, 534 78, 122 25, 734 109, 917 811 17, 289 20, 250 237, 083 4,983 23, 219 285, 535 94, 996 397, 820 812 11, 827 9,780 161,068 1, 648 11, 168 183, 664 59, 922 255, 413 813 14,160 7,008 129, 910 2,520 10, 305 149, 743 71,428 235, 331 814 14, 749 20,011 244, 603 1,040 13, 900 279, 554 101,207 395, 510 815 13, 778 19,000 153, 814 3,942 11, 962 188, 718 82, 547 285, 043 816 16,005 20,900 267, 449 21, 975 310, 324 141, 209 467, 538 817 18, 130 4,310 24,940 278, 341 1,350 27, 241 336, 182 131, 567 485, 879 818 25, 124 25, 167 354, 557 6, 606 19, 945 406, 275 188, 963 620, 362 819 10, 069 4,650 92, 550 5,857 103, 057 55, 672 168, 798 820 2,396 5, 750 60, 188 1,900 6, 129 73, 967 34, 672 111,035 821 11,015 15, 742 166, 994 5, 886 14, 581 203, 203 50, 445 264, 663 822 19,683 25,000 355, 138 5, 250 29, 842 415, 230 244, 941 679, 854 823 168, 898 3, 994 191, 679 2, 465, 387 34, 916 195, 966 2, 891, 942 1, 220, 213 4,281,053 824 389,220 24,856 441,807 6,074,889 91, 370 526, 686 7, 159, 608 3, 348, 079 10, 896, 907 825 13, 549 18, 450 244, 404 4,540 23,863 291,257 134, 062 438,868 826 14, 605 11, 430 158, 283 15, 365 185, 078 111,381 311, 064 827 10, 436 10, 019 119, 114 1,483 14, 920 145, 536 86,834 242, 806 828 14, 192 17, 550 243, 382 4,879 19, 365 285, 176 136, 385 435, 753 829 22, 432 18,700 227, 258 19, 534 265, 492 126, 591 414, 5151830 10, 877 10,200 106, 669 8, 173 125, 042 58, 245 194, 164 831 30, 820 12, 975 38, 550 1 471, 850 7, 496 35, 251 566, 122 243, 681 840, 623 832 32, 146 44, 534 564, 599 14, 079 46, 379 i 669, 591 354, 817 1, 056, 554 833 11,900 22. 000 220. 300 16,006 l 258, 300 94, 925 365, 125 834 10, 496 10,420 i 148, 243 1,913 19, 086 l 179, 656 48, 770 238, 922 835 17, 045 12,020 380,636 8, 219 31,726 i 432, 595 219, 274 668, 914 836 14, 675 16, 750 i 286, 352 5, 086 25,286 i 333,468 132, 731 480, 874 837 186, 047 11,881 211, 184 2, 903, 799 i 43, 675 251, 7561 3, 422, 295 1, 600, 383 5, 208, 725 1 838 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 S4S 849 850 851 852 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru sta (posil Men ctional ff i tions) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were actually taught1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 • Wyomino _ 16 28 208 471 18, 751 15, 584 176 Cody _ _ 1 3 15 43 1,598 1,378 176 Douglas. _ _ _ 1 3 12 28 1,087 852 175 Green River 1 2 9 31 1, 176 947 176 Lander: Elementary District _ 1 6 24 760 639 176 High School District _ 1 1 9 7 345 323 170 Lovell . 1 2 15 22 958 855 178 Newcastle _ _ 1 3 12 34 1, 737 1, 391 178 Powell _ _ _ 1 3 24 52 1,773 1, 526 177 Riverton. . 1 2 20 35 1,557 1, 301 172 Thermopolis _ _ _ 1 1 15 29 1,279 965 176 Worland: Elementary District _ 1 8 37 1,358 1, 138 175 High School District _ 1 1 11 11 435 373 175 Other cities . 4 52 118 4,688 3,896 176 1 Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychology work, etc., provided that half or more than half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. 2 The actual number of days in the school year that instruction was provided. 3 Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where textbooks or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any furnished to pupils gratis is classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 153 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1953-54— Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued CUEBENT EXPENDITURES IN FUlL-TiME DAT SCHOOLS Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Other 8 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four major accounts * Total six major current accounts (actual dollars) * 18 $196. 042 $141, 495 $2, 544. $19. 547 $290. 347 $2. 996, 349 SI, 200, 265 $4, 392, 656 16, 559 . 13. 382 . 9, 522,. 8. 452'. 8. 254 . 11. 475 13. 451 22.382 11.717 14. 149 15, 113 14, 054 12,650 5, 100 7.880 13.601 16. 690 10. 133 5,400 10. 134 7, 555 49, 010| 5,500 35, 374 234.051 156, 721 126, 336 97,085 53.093 120. 030 180. 150 319. 414 213. 356 157, 175 171, 334 79, 980 636,235 4, 434 204 2, 462 4.887 27. 770 18. 960 21, 862 8.456 10. 059 17,253 13. 871 26. 132 32. 311 15,668 13. 657 11. 762 72,586 276, 934 189, 735 162, 408 105, 541 68, 252 145,163 212, 056 362. 236 262, 004 178,243 184,991 99, 704 749, 082 116,343 81,220 49, 232 32,340 48,231 76,235 97, 148 145, 274 69. 156 74,021 85, 059 25, 942 300, 064 409. 836 84C 284, 337 841 221, 162 842 146.333 843 124. 737 844 232. 873 845 322. 655 84fl 529, 892 847 342, 877 848 266, 413 849 280. 184 85C 133, 201 851 , 09a 156 852 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of School Plant. (2) Maintenance of School Plant, (3) Auxiliary School Services, and (4) Fixed Charges. 4 Grand total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17 which is the sum of the expenditures reported for the six current major accounts. 8 Elementary school data, only. 1 Data for 1951-52 used in lieu of those for 1953-54. 8 Includes data on junior college. PS-8-57 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRiNTIKG OFFICE: 1S56 i i 1 : ; I Biennial Survey of Education in the United States-i95i-54 Chapter 4 Section 1 Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees 1953-54 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Highlights Institutions Data on more than 1,870 institutions of higher education of various types are summarized in this report. These insti¬ tutions are scattered from Maine and Puerto Rico on the East to California, Alaska, and Guam on the West. There are 34 institutions whose enrollment of resident students of college grade in 1953-54 equaled 10,000 or more, and 479 whose enrollment did not reach 200. The median enrollment was 439, substantially the same as in previous years. Faculty In 1953-54, there was 1 administrative officer for every 134 resident college students ; in 1939-40 each administrative officer had a load of only 85 students. There were 268,000 faculty members : 1 for each 9% res¬ ident students of college grade. This ratio has not changed materially in recent years. These figures are overall and refer to all faculty (full-time and part-time, administrative, instructional, research, etc.), and to all resident students of college grade (full-time and part-time, liberal arts, profes¬ sional, graduate, and undergraduate). Students In 1953-54 there were 2,535,000 resident students of college grade; this was 1 in every 4 persons aged 18-21. In 1939-40 this proportion was 1 in 5 ; in 1899-1900 it was 1 in 25. The year 1953-54 saw a larger enrollment of non veteran students in higher education than ever before in the history of the Nation. In the academic year 1953-54, 1 of every 74 persons in the United States was enrolled as a resident student of college grade (full-time or part-time). In 1939-40, this proportion was 1 in 88 ; in 1869-70, it was 1 in 740. In the academic year 1953-54, approximately 50 percent of the high-school graduates of the previous school year entered college (full-time or part-time). Twenty years ago, in 1933-34, this percentage was only 35. There was an increase of one-fifth in graduate students from 1951-52 to 1953-54. In 1953-54 1 of every 9 resident students of college grade was doing graduate work ; in 1939-40 the proportion was 1 in 14; a decade earlier, in 1929-30, it was 1 in 23. Degrees Although the number of bachelor’s and first professional degrees dropped one-eighth from 1951-52 to 1953-54, enter¬ ing students increased by one-fourth, foreshadowing an in¬ crease in degrees in the future. Nearly 9,000 doctoral degrees (Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) were conferred in 1953-54: more than any other year in the history of American higher education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1952-54 Chapter 4 Section I Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees Henry G. Badger planned the report, supervised preparation of the national tables, and wrote the text, under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Head, Reports and Analysis Section. Mabel C. Rice supervised the collection of data, analysis of returns, and preparation of the basic State tables, under the general direction of William A. Jaracz, Head, Statistical Services Section. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Marion B. Folsom, Secretary Office of Education • Samuel Miller Brownell, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1952-54 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1952-54: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and>Property, 1953- 54. Chapter 5. Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53. Chapter^. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1953-54. Each part of the Biennial Survey: is printed] separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1956 For gale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 45 cents Foreword The first report by the Office of Education on the statistics of higher education was made for the academic year 1869-70. Published annually through 1916, and since 1918 as part of the Biennial Survey oj Education in the United States, this series has continued virtually unbroken. The present report is the 65th of the series. With regard to data collection, the principal innovations of the present study are four: (1) the adoption of November as the time for the collection of comprehensive enrollment data, in preference to the end of the academic year; (2) the collection of data on the number of part-time undergraduate students and on adult education enrollment ; (3) the collection of moderately extensive data on enrollment under Public Laws 550 and 894 (“Korean veteran” enrollment); and (4) the use of a separate form to collect additional data on faculty in higher education. With regard to analysis, the principal innovation of the present report is the cross classification of the various cate¬ gories of faculty (senior staff, junior staff, research staff, etc.), as well as the various types of enrollment (undergraduate, graduate, extension, etc.) with size oj institution. Size has been classified into seven categories, based on resident college enrollment in November. The analysis by size recog¬ nizes that a liberal arts college with an enrollment of 250 may be quite different from a liberal arts college with an enroll¬ ment of 2,500. The cross classification of institutions, by size, by curricular-organizational type (universities, liberal arts colleges, technological schools, etc.), and by type of control (public — private), as well as by region and by State, provides an unusual wealth of specific factual information. A minor innovation with regard to presentation is the publication of totals and analyses for “aggregate United States” (continental United States plus outlying parts of the iti IV FOREWORD United States). This change reflects what may be termed the “manpower viewpoint,” which values the graduate from Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, etc., as part of the resources of the Nation in the same way as the graduateom the fr “mainland.” The principal forms or questionnaires used in the collection of data are printed on the last pages of this chapter. To the presidents and registrars of the more than 1,800 institutions who supplied the data on which the present report is based, the Office of Education expresses its deep appreciation. Herbert S. Conrad, Director , Research and Statistical Services Branch , John R. Rackley, Deputy Commissioner. Contents Text Page Foreword _ m The Biennium in Review _ _ 1 Number and Distribution of Institutions _ 2 Historical Development of Higher Education Since 1870_ 3 Population and student enrollment _ 8 Changing patterns in higher educational organization _ 8 Growth of large institutions _ 10 Persistence of small institutions _ 10 Higher education in the outlying parts of the United States _ 17 Institutions attended predominantly by Negro students. _ 18 Faculty _ 19 By control and level of institution _ 19 By size of institution _ 25 By type of work done _ 25 By percent of time for which employed _ 27 By sex _ 28 Summer session faculty _ 28 Students _ 29 General statement, 1953-54 _ 29 By sex _ 30 By control and type of institution _ 33 Regional distribution of enrollments _ 36 Enrollment, early fall 1953 _ 38 Enrollment, November 1953 _ 39 By size of institution _ 41 First-time students _ 54 Full-time undergraduate students _ 56 High school graduates going on to college _ 57 Veteran students _ 59 Other types of enrollment _ 61 Other factors related to higher education enrollment _ 66 Degrees _ 67 Historical trends _ 67 The 1953-54 situation _ 68 Analysis by major field of study _ 70 Collection of Data _ 77 v VI CONTENTS Text Tables Page I. Number of institutions, by type, control, region, and State: 1953-54 _ 4 II. Population and resident college enrollment in conti¬ nental United States: 1869-70 to 1953-54 _ 7 III. Resident college enrollment in junior colleges: 1917- 18 to 1953-54 _ 9 IV. Number of institutions, by size of resident college enrollment, by control, by type, and by predomi¬ nant race of students: aggregate United States, November 1953 _ 12 V. Total resident college enrollment in groups of institu¬ tions classified as to size of enrollment, control, type, and predominant race of students: aggregate United States, November 1953 _ 14 VI. Average resident college enrollment in groups of in¬ stitutions classified as to size of enrollment, con¬ trol, type, and predominant race of students: aggregate United States, November 1953 _ 16 VII. Faculty, resident college enrollment, and degrees: outlying parts of the United States, 1939-40 to 1953-54 _ 17 VIII. Faculty, enrollment, and degrees in institutions at¬ tended predominantly by Negro students: conti¬ nental United States, 1953-54 _ 20 IX. Faculty, by sex, and by control and type of institu¬ tion: aggregate United States, November 1953 and summer sessions of 1953 _ 22 X. Faculty, by sex: continental United States, 1939-40 to November 1953 _ 24 XI. Resident instructional staff: continental United States, 1929-30 to November 1953 _ 24 XII. Full-time equivalent of instructional staff with rank of instructor or above, by size, type, and control of institution: aggregate United States, November 1953 _ 26 XIII. Subcoll egiate instructional staff, by type of instruc¬ tion, and by control and type of institution: aggre¬ gate United States, November 1953 _ 27 XIV. Resident college enrollment, regular session (aca¬ demic year) and summer session: continental United States, 1929-30 to 1953-54 _ 30 CONTENTS VII Text Tables — Continued Page XV. Resident college enrollment, by sex, and by control and type of institution, for aggregate United States: regular session (academic year) 1953-54; November 1953; and summer session 1953 _ 31 XVI. Resident college enrollment, by sex, by level, and by control of institution: aggregate United States, 1939-40 to 1953-54 _ _ _ 34 XVII. Resident college enrollment, by region and State: 1929-30 to 1953-54 _ 37 XVIII. Resident college enrollment, academic year and 3d week of fall term: continental United States, 1931-32 to 1953-54; and aggregate United States, 1949-50 to 1953-54 _ 38 XIX. Resident and extension college grade enrollment, Fall 1953, and resident college-grade enrollment, November 1953 and academic year 1953-54, by region and State _ 40 XX. Number of students, by type of enrollment, by type and control of institution, and by size-class of institution: aggregate United States, November 1953 _ 42 XXI. Number enrolled in summer session of 1953, by type and control of institution, and by size-class of institution: aggregate United States, November 1953 _ 53 XXII. Total, undergraduate, and first-time resident college enrollment: 1931-32 to November 1953 _ 54 XXIII. Full-time undergraduate resident enrollment, by control and type of institution: aggregate United States, November 1953 _ 57 XXIV. High school graduates, 1930-31 to 1952-53, com¬ pared with first-time college students in ensuing academic year, for continental United States _ 58 XXV. Resident veteran and nonveteran college enrollment in non-Federal institutions of higher education, compared with population, by State: November 1953 _ 59 XXVI. Enrollment, by control and type of institution, and by level and type of enrollment: aggregate United States, November 1953 _ 62 VIII CONTENTS Text Tables — Continued Page XXVII. Earned degrees, by level: continental United States, 1869-70 to 1953-54; and aggregate United States, 1949-50 to 1953-54 _ 69 XXVIII. Earned degrees, by level, by region, and by sex of recipient: aggregate United States, continental United States, and outlying parts, 1949-50 to 1953-54 _ 71 XXIX. Earned degrees, by level, by field of study, and by sex of recipient: aggregate United States, 1953-54. 72 Basic National Tables 1. Faculty, enrollment, and degrees: continental United States, 1869-70 to 1949-50; and aggregate United States, 1951-52 and 1953-54 _ 78 2. Faculty, enrollment, and degrees, by type and control of institution: aggregate United States, 1953-54 _ 80 3. Faculty, enrollment, and degrees: aggregate United States, 1951-52 and 1953-54 _ 83 Basic State Tables 4. Faculty, students, and degrees, by region and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 85 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 88 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 90 5. Faculty, by type of position, control of institution, region, and State: November 1953 _ 92 6. Resident college enrollments and students first time in college, by region and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 96 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 98 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 100 7. Resident undergraduate, graduate, and summer session enrollments, by region and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 102 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 104 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 106 CONTENTS IX Basic State Tables — Continued Page 8. Extension, correspondence, short course, individual lesson, and adult education enrollments, by level, by sex, by region, and by State: November 1953 A. All institutions _ 108 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 110 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 112 9. Resident subcollegiate enrollments, by level, by sex, by region, and by State: academic year 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 114 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 116 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 118 10. Enrollment in professional curricula in healing arts, by region and State: November 1953 _ 120 1 1 . Enrollment in professional curricula other than healing arts, by region and State: November 1953 _ 124 APPENDIX _ 131 Some basic definitions relating to enrollment in institutions of higher education _ 131 Comprehensive Fall Report on Enrollment: 1953 _ 133 Enrollment in Academic Year 1953-54 _ 137 Fall Report on Faculty in Institutions of Higher Educa¬ tion: 1953 _ 139 Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54 1 The Biennium in Review The biennium from 1951-52 to 1953-54 was marked by several significant movements in higher education. The total number of faculty members (full-time and part-time, paid and volunteer) rose from 246,000 to 268,000 — a rise of approximately 9 percent, and the highest number in the history of American higher education. At the same time, the enrollment of resident students of college grade rose from approximately 2,300,000 to 2,500,000 — also a rise of 9 percent. Even larger increases, percentagewise, took place in the number of “first-time students” of college grade and in the number of graduate students: the former rising to 669,000, and the latter to 278,000. Both these figures established new records, which are all the more noteworthy since they were made in the face of a decline in the total number of veteran students in higher education. Total nonveteran enrollment of college grade rose approximately 12 percent in the biennium, to reach a record of 2,200,000. The number of first-level (bachelor's and first professional) degrees conferred in 1953-54 was 293,000, or 49 percent of the number of first-time students of college grade entering 4 years earlier ; this repre¬ sents a significant drop from the 330,000 first-level degrees in 1951-52, which constituted 53 percent of the first-time students entering 4 years earlier. These decreases may stem from the decline in the enrollment of veteran students (reputed to be unusually persistent in obtaining their degrees), from the rise in the proportion of junior college students (reputed to be generally less interested in obtaining a degree), and the rise in part-time enrollees (who, of course, take longer 1 Many persons assisted in various aspects of this study. Acknowledgment is made to Theodore E. Thompson, Mary R. Cox, Ada Boehly, and Lillian Robinson, who supervised or conducted the machine tabulation of data; to Stanton C. Craigie, who assisted in the preparation of text tables; to Neva Carlson, George Lind, Hazel Poole, Dorothy Gray, Leah Ramsey, Elizabeth Bentson, Alice Pool, and Rowland Price who assisted in analysis of the original returns, verification of machine tabulations, or preparation of the State summary tables. l 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 than 4 years to obtain a degree, if they obtain one at all). The number of second-level (master’s and second professional) degrees also declined in the biennium, from 64,000 to 57,000; but the 57,000 second-level degrees of 1953-54 represent a larger proportion (18.6 percent) of the first-level degrees of the preceding year than do the 64,000 (16.5 percent). The number of doctoral degrees (Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) rose from 7,683 in 1951-52 to 8,996 in 1953-54. Number and Distribution of Institutions In 1953-54 there were in the United States (including outlying parts) some 1,871 institutions of higher education (table I). Eight of these were in the outlying parts and 1,863 in continental United States. The total of 1,871 represents an increase of approximately 2 percent over the total number of 1,837 reported for 1951-52. Of the 1,871 institutions in 1953-54, those under public control numbered 667, which was 35.6 percent of the total. The remaining 1,204 (64.4 percent) were under ecclesiastical, philanthropic, or other nongovernmental control. From a curricular standpoint, nearly two-thirds of the institutions were classified as of the general liberal arts, cultural, or preprofessional type. Liberal arts colleges giving at least 4 years of college work numbered 713 (38.1 percent of the total), and junior colleges 2 num¬ bered 521, or 27.9 percent. Institutions of the comprehensive univer¬ sity type numbered 131, or 7.0 percent; teachers colleges numbered just 200 (10.7 percent). The remaining 306 (16.3 percent) were separately organized schools of various types, the largest single group being that of theological schools. Here there were 115 separately organized schools, numbering 6.1 percent of the total number of institutions in the country. Technological schools numbered 53, or 2.8 percent of the total. The remaining 138 institutions included schools of medicine, music, public speaking, drama, and schools for other subjects which were not organically connected with universities or other institutions of the more complex variety. As might be expected, the number of institutions varied widely from State to State. New York reported 146, California 133, and Penn¬ sylvania, Texas, and Illinois more than 100 each. Nevada reported 1, Wyoming 2, and 6 other States (New Mexico, New Hampshire, Utah, Arizona, Idaho, and Delaware) reported fewer than 10 each. The average number of institutions per State was 38. In this count, the unit is the administrative organization. A university may operate in several localities and some of these branches * Including community colleges, technical institutes, normal schools, and other institutions of higher education restricted to less than 4 years of work on the undergraduate or terminal-occupational level. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 3 may conduct almost as varied a program as the main university; for purposes of the present tabulation, however, the organization still constitutes one institution. A single illustration may clarify the point: During the year in question the University of Wyoming oper¬ ated a graduate school, a summer session, and no fewer than 7 schools on the higher education level, all at Laramie. In addition to these, it conducted a junior college and two extension centers away from the main campus. In the present tabulation, however, the University of Wyoming is counted as one institution. Historical Development of Higher Education Since 1870 The academic year 1869-70, the first year for which the Bureau (now Office) of Education collected data on higher education, was one of considerable activity, especially in the line of pushing out to new physical and geographic frontiers. The Nation had a population of less than 40 million, with vast areas of undeveloped territory in what was vaguely known as “the West,” lying between the comparatively well-settled East and the newer Pacific Coast area. Only about 1 person in 4 lived in what would be called an urban center. By 1953 the country had expanded until the geographic frontier officially ceased to be. The population was more than 4 times what it had been in 1870, and there were in 1954 more than twice as many people dwell¬ ing in cities as there had been in the entire population (urban and rural) in 1870. The number of higher educational institutions in 1870 was 563, of which number 369 (65.5 percent) were universities and liberal arts colleges, predominantly of the classical type. Teacher education was carried on at 58 normal schools (10.3 percent of the total), but it does not appear that any of these schools offered degrees. Theology was represented by 71 institutions (12.6 percent) and 65 offered train¬ ing in “science,” agriculture, law, medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy. The junior college as such had not officially come into being, although the liberal arts group included a few institutions which made no attempt to offer the last 2 years of college work. There were also some institutions which conferred degrees so rarely and had so few upperclassmen in their student body that they might well have been designated as junior colleges. Thirty years later, in the academic year 1899-1900, there were 977 institutions in the country. Of these 621, or 63.6 percent, were of the university or liberal arts college type, 306 (31.3 percent) were normal schools (nondegree-granting), and 50 (5.1 percent) were of the tech- Table I. — Number of institutions , by type , control , region, and State: 1953-54 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Junior colleges 1 Privately controlled W5 c© wa 15 JO ^WOOHNOOHHW omsciHHOrt CO CO 113 »ONHh Publicly controlled 3 ua eo ® ca N W 8 HHW CO»OH 101 CO CO 1-H eo Publicly controlled 176 176 iO 40 05 ^ O || S »oe» Liberal arts colleges Privately controlled S S 1 171 rH CS i-H 197 1 W005»OOtOH05HCOCOCO 1 CONhhhhh CO f-4 201 OOOHN Publicly controlled US ss s CO rH HHHCOH ! || 25 Universities Privately controlled s 2 1 ^ CS 1-H 1 ^ ^H Publicly controlled eo 69 67 • 1 * l l l 3 Total, all institu¬ tions N 1, 871 1,863 446 OJ»OOOOOOCD»Oh^ (NHN CC^rHHH 551 00 00 h* 05 O* CO CO fr* 1C CO I OCO^^^^»OCiHOrHO 614 Region and State - Aggregate United States _ _ Continental United States _ Northeast . . Connecticut. . . Maine.. . . . Massachusetts _ _ New Hampshire.. . New Jersey . . . New York... . . . Pennsylvania _ _ Rhode Island . . . . Vermont _ _ North Central _ Illinois _ _ _ _ Indiana . Iowa . . . . .. Kansas. . . Michigan. . . 1 Minnesota . . . Missouri . . Nebraska . . . North Dakota _ Ohio. . . South Dakota _ _ Wisconsin _ _ South . . . Alabama . . Arkansas . . . Delaware. . . Florida 1 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES or terminal-occupational level. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 nical school type. Many of the universities and some of the liberal arts colleges offered professional or preprofessional courses. In the academic year 1929-30, some 1,409 institutions of higher education were known to be in existence, not including those in the outlying parts of the Nation. Of this number 801, or 56.9 percent, were universities, colleges, or professional schools of the degree-grant¬ ing level, 277 (19.7 percent) were junior colleges, and the remaining 331 (23.5 percent) were teachers colleges and normal schools. Of this last number, 140 (9.9 percent of the total) were degree-granting teachers colleges, and 191 (13.6 percent) were normal schools which conferred no degrees. Thus, 468 institutions (almost exactly one-third of the total) were operating on the nondegree-granting level. By the academic year 1953-54, the university, college, and junior college group numbered 1,365, or 73.0 percent, of the total of 1,871 institutions. Not all of these offered a classical course; in fact, it was possible to graduate from practically any of them without any experi¬ ence in classical studies. Degree-conferring teacher-education in¬ stitutions numbered just 200 (10.7 percent of the total), and theological schools numbered 115, or 6.1 percent. The other professions (tech¬ nology, medicine, law, pharmacy, and all others) were represented by 191 institutions (10.2 percent of the total). Data for 1869-70, admittedly somewhat inconclusive according to present-day standards, indicate that 11.9 percent of the faculty mem¬ bers of that day were women. In 1953-54 the corresponding per¬ centage was 23.1, nearly double the earlier figure. Of the estimated higher education enrollment of 52,286 in 1869-70, it appeared that 11,126 (just over 21 percent) were women. In 1953- 54 the percentage of women in higher education institutions was nearly 36. In addition to the 52,000 college students in 1869-70, there were nearly 40,000 persons doing subcollegiate or college-preparatory work at the various institutions. The total enrollment for 1869-70 was therefore nearly 92,000, of whom not quite 57 percent were doing work on the higher education level and approximately 43 percent on the subcollegiate level. In 1953-54 subcollegiate students numbered a little over 108,000, but they constituted only a shade over 4 percent of the total number of students doing resident work during the regular session. Not only did the proportion of women in attendance at college 3 increase sharply during the 84-year period, but there was also a great increase in the proportion of women taking degrees. In 1869-70 approximately 1 degree in 7 was conferred on a woman; in 1953-54 this 3 Throughout this paper the term “college” is used to include any or all institutions of higher education: 4-year colleges of liberal arts, junior colleges, technical or professional institutions offering work of the higher education level of difficulty, universities, and institutions for the education of teachers. The terms “institu- ion” and “college” are used interchangeably. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 7 Table II. — Population and resident college enrollment in continental United States: 1869-70 to 1953-54 Year Population 1 Resident college enrollment 2 Per 100 persons Total Ages 18-21 Number Total Age s population 18-21 1 2 3 4 5 6 1869-70 _ 38, 558, 371 3, 115, 555 52,286 0. 14 1.68 1879-80 . 50, 155, 783 4, 253, 027 115, 817 .23 2. 72 1889-90 . . 62, 622, 250 5, 160, 067 156, 756 .25 3. 04 1899-1900-.. . . . 75, 994, 575 5, 930, 765 237, 592 .31 4. 01 1909-10 _ _ _ 91, 972, 266 7,335,453 355, 213 .38 4.84 1919-20 _ _ 105, 710, 620 7,343,794 597,880 .57 8.14 1929-30 . — . 123, 076, 685 9, 033, 000 1, 100, 737 .89 12.19 1939-40 . . . 131, 669, 275 9, 753, 537 1, 494, 203 1.13 15. 32 1941-42 . . - . . 134, 407, 385 9, 853, 000 1, 403, 990 1.04 14. 25 1943-44 _ _ 138, 083, 449 9, 776,000 1, 155, 272 .84 11.82 1945-46 _ _ _ 143, 414, 000 9, 537, 000 / 1, 676, 851 \ 4 1, 214, 772 (3) 1.17 (3) 12.74 1947-48. _ _ _ 146,114,000 9,273,000 / 2, 616, 262 l 4 1,360, 456 (3) 1.79 (3) 14.67 1949-50. . . 150,697,361 8, 805, 020 f 2, 659, 021 \ 4 1, 730, 023 (3) 1.76 (3) 19. 65 1951-52.-. . . . 156, 981, 000 8, 567,000 f 2,301,884 \ < 1,878,268 (3) 1.47 (3) 21.92 1953-54 . . . . . 162,409, 000 8, 486, 000 / 2, 514, 712 \ 8 2, 180, 843 (3) 1.55 (3) 25. 70 Number- Percent - Number. Percent- INCREASE 1870 TO 1954 123, 850, 629 321.2 5, 370, 445 172.4 2, 462, 426 4, 709. 5 INCREASE 1900 TO 1954 5, 414, 425 113.7 2, 555, 235 43.1 2, 277, 120 958.4 1 Data drawn or estimated from reports of U. S. Bureau of the Census; armed forces overseas included. 2 Resident college students (full-time and part-time), regular session only (September to June). Does not include enrollment in extension, correspondence, adult education, short courses, etc. 2 Not calculated. 4 Nonveteran students only, estimated. * Non veteran students only, actual data. 388639—56 - 2 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 proportion was 1 in 3 (34.8 percent, to be exact). At the level of the bachelor’s or first professional degree, women accounted for 36.0 percent of the conferrals; at the level of the master’s or second pro¬ fessional degree, for 32.9 percent; at the level of the doctorate (Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.), for 9.1 percent. Population and Student Enrollment The estimated population of the United States in 1954 (excepting outlying parts) was approximately 4 / times that in 1870 (table II). The population 18 to 21 years of age (the traditional college-age group) was in 1954 approximately 2.7 times that for 1870. The number of persons actually enrolled in institutions of higher education in 1953-54 was, however, something like 48 times that reported in 1869-70. In 1869-70 the 52,286 college and university students constituted 0.14 of 1 percent of the total population and 1.68 percent of the popula¬ tion 18-21 years of age. In 1953-54 the 2,514,712 resident students of college grade (continental United States only) constituted 1.55 per¬ cent of the total population. The figure for 1953-54, however, included an estimated 333,962 military veterans (World War II and Korean conflict), many of whom were past the traditional college age. Eliminating this group leaves 2,180,843 non veteran resident students of college grade in institutions of higher education in continental United States. These constituted 24.87 percent (almost exactly one-fourth) of the group aged 18-21. Thus, whereas in 1869-70 hardly more than 1 person in 740 of the total population was in college; in 1953-54 approximately 1 person in 74 was so enrolled. Changing Patterns in Higher Educational Organization The history of American higher education is marked by changes in its organization. Certain types of institutions have arisen to meet the needs of the times and have been modified or reduced in importance as times have changed. An example of this is the city normal school. This type of organization, once numerically quite important, is now a rarity on the American scene. In like manner, county normal schools, formerly scattered over some 8 States (principally in the Midwest), are now found in only 2 States. In 1 of these States this type of school offers only 1 year of work beyond high school; in the other State it offers a 2-year course. (Only schools offering 2 years are included in the present study.) One type of institution which is distinctly American and which appears to be a permanent member of the higher education family is the junior college. Although the history of what is now known as the junior college goes back a century or more, it was not until 1917-18 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 9 that the Office of Education began collecting statistical data on it. At that time the Office reported 46 junior colleges, with an average enrollment of fewer than 100 each. By 1931-32 the total number of institutions had risen to 342 and their average enrollment to approxi¬ mately 250. Two years later they suffered a decrease in both numbers and total enrollment, but they still enrolled more than 78,000 students, nearly 7.5 percent of all higher education in the Nation. In 1943-44, the 413 junior colleges reported more than 89,000 students, an average of 216 per institution; at that time they enrolled 7.7 percent of the resident college enrollment of all higher educational institutions. In 1953-54 the total number of junior colleges (excluding 23 public junior colleges designated as normal schools or teachers colleges) was 498 and their total enrollment was above 325,000, which was more than 26 percent of the total resident college enrollment in the United States and its outlying parts (table III). At the same time, the average enrollment in the junior colleges rose to more than 650, while that for junior colleges under public control rose to nearly 1,000. Table III. — Resident college enrollment in junior colleges: 1917-18 to 1953-54 1 Year All junior colleges Publicly controlled Privately controlled Num¬ ber Enrollment Num¬ ber Enrollment Num¬ ber Enrollment • 2 3 4 5 6 7 1917-18. . . . 46 4,504 14 1,367 32 3, 137 1919-20— _ _ _ _ 52 8, 102 10 2,940 42 5, 162 1921-22 _ _ _ 80 12, 124 17 4,771 63 7, 353 1923-24 _ _ _ _ _ 132 20, 559 39 9,240 93 11,319 1925-26 _ _ _ 153 27,095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28. . . . . 248 44, 855 114 28,437 134 16,418 1929-30 . . . . . . 277 55, 616 129 36, 501 148 19, 115 1931-32 _ _ _ _ 342 85,063 159 58, 887 183 26, 176 1933-34 _ _ _ _ _ 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36- . . . . 415 102,453 187 70, 557 228 31, 896 1937-38- _ _ _ _ 453 121, 510 209 82,041 244 39, 469 1939-40 . . . . . . 456 149, 854 217 107, 553 239 42, 301 1941-42 _ _ _ 461 141, 272 231 100, 783 230 40, 489 1943-44 . . . 413 89, 208 210 60, 884 203 28, 324 1945-46 . . . . . . . . 464 156, 456 242 109, 640 222 46, 816 1947-48 . . . . . . 472 240, 173 242 178, 196 230 61, 977 1949-50 . . . . . 483 242, 740 256 187, 695 227 55, 045 1951-52 2 . . . . . . 480 229, 991 265 182, 870 215 47, 121 1953-54 3.. . . . . . 498 326, 541 272 271, 379 226 55, 162 ANALYSIS, 1953-54 Percent of all higher education... . . 26.6 14.7 40.8 23.1 18.8 5.3 Average enrollment per institution 656 998 244 1 Data for 1917-18 to 1951-52 are for continental United States. Data for 1953-54 are for aggregate United States. * Excludes 26 public junior colleges (designated as normal schools) having a combined enrollment of 1,184. * Excludes 23 public junior colleges (designated as normal schools or teachers colleges) having a combined enrollment of 1,108. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Growth of Large Institutions The development of the large, multicurricular type of institution is one of the distinctly American contributions to higher education. In some instances, this largeness and complexity are the result of gathering together large, carefully organized groups of students on 1 campus; in other instances, a group of 2 or more student-bodies, sometimes at widely separated localities, is brought under 1 adminis¬ trative organization. The result of these two movements has been the growth of the large university organization whereby, in the fall of 1953, there were no fewer than 100 institutions each of whose student rosters reached or exceeded 5,000 resident students of college grade (table IV). Of this group, 66 enrolled 5,000 or more resident college students but fewer than 10,000, and 34 had 10,000 or more per institution. The largest enrolled 33,870 resident college students. Data not published here indicate that the 10 largest institutions (barely one-half of 1 percent of the total) enrolled 236,000 students (approximately 11 percent of the total resident college enrollment in the United States). The fact that many students congregate in a limited number of large institutions constitutes an explanation of the further fact that whereas the upper quartile of all institutions by size of student body was 972 (table IV), the upper quartile of student enrollment was 9,948 (table V). Stated in nontechnical language, this means that although one-fourth of the institutions in the country had from 972 to 33,870 students each, one-fourth of the students were enrolled in institutions enrolling at least 10 times that number (9,948 or more). The average enrollment of all institutions in the country was 1,186, that for all under public control 1,763, and that for all under non¬ governmental control 866 (table VI). Persistence of Small Institutions Concomitant with the growth of large institutions has been the persistence of very small institutions. Thus, in the fall of 1953 the 34 very large institutions were part of a nationwide system which included no fewer than 479 institutions that enrolled fewer than 200 students each (table IV). If it be assumed that these institutions averaged 100 students each, their total enrollment did not exceed 47,500 — less than the total of the 2 largest institutions in the country. Of these 479 institutions, 127 were publicly controlled and 352 were under private control The smallest one (junior college) under public control had 19 students; the smallest (a graduate school in education) under private control had 9. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 11 Although the smallest one-fourth of the number of institutions falls entirely within the size range from 1 to 195 students each (first quartile), it is necessary to include institutions ranging in size up to 1,192 students (well over 1,400 institutions all together) in order to include one-fourth of the students (table V). Thus, the quarter of the Nation’s student body in the more than 1,400 smallest colleges is matched by the quarter assembled in the three dozen largest universities. By type of institution, the university group is typically composed of the largest schools (median enrollment 6,510). Next in order were the technological schools (1,328), the teachers colleges (713), and the liberal arts colleges (516). Junior colleges (including the entire nondegree, subbaccalaureate group) came next with a median enrollment of 341, and other professional schools reported a median of 291. The smallest schools as a group were the theological schools, with a median enrollment of 174. Using average rather than median enrollment, the order is much the same: universities far in the lead and technological schools next, with the other groups reporting much smaller average enrollments (table VI). Table IV. — Number of institutions , by size of resident college enrollment , by control , by type , and by predominant students: aggregate United States , November 1953 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Median, quartiles, and extremes Smallest 2 © 9 30 19 9 768 1,274 768 05 133 9 35 80 35 00 OO ^ I © T-H JO 1 Lower quartile SO 195 tH II 00 t-H 28 82 3,733 3,906 3, 516 303 88 II 88 t^CO CO 451 171 557 1-40 00 © © 87 Median w © CO tF 00 © CO © ” OIS 9 6, 771 6, 250 516 1, 450 469 713 © © OO T-H u- CO 1,328 1,125 1,450 174 Upper quartile 972 984 842 1,908 787 9,922 12, 303 9, 479 © CD © 2,475 871 1,311 1, 462 454 2,734 3, 021 2, 425 © © CO Largest © 33, 870 33, 870 2,926 33, 382 33, 870 33,870 33, 382 33, 870 12,132 12, 132 6, 352 4, 591 4,591 1, 455 6,747 6, 747 6,353 1,777 N umber of institutions with resident college enrollment of— 10,000 or more © 34 34 — 21 13 M CO ©CO 1 5,000 to 9,999 ao s 1 II co i t-© CO i COM III 48 | l N ~ | © M 2,500 to 4,999 95 MCO ©CO © ©CO 36 20 16 o CO 13 17 8 oo 1 OO © M 1,000 to 2,499 © 252 00 CO CO 8- 22 Tt< tOOO | 1 ^ 30 94 53 52 1 © to © C4 1 500 to 999 © 372 (mo || ^ oo CO ^ M CO 1-H S3 BB a a o o SB a os OQ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 17 Higher Education in the Outlying Parts of the United States Higher education as the term is used in the continental United States was first extended to its outlying parts soon after the turn of the cen¬ tury. The University of Puerto Rico was established in 1903, that of Hawaii in 1907, and the University of Alaska in 1922. The Canal Zone Junior College was opened in 1933 and the Territorial College of Guam (a junior college) in 1952. In the meantime, higher education under private control was introduced into Puerto Rico only about a decade after the establishment of the insular University. By 1939-40 the institutions in these various jurisdictions had fac¬ ulties totaling 861 and enrolled nearly 8,000 resident students of college grade (table VII). They conferred nearly 900 degrees at the first level (baccalaureate or first professional) and 37 at the level of the masterate or its equivalent in professional fields. The doctorate was not conferred until 1951, when it was awarded to 1 man. In 1953-54 these institutions employed more than 2,000 faculty members and enrolled almost exactly 20,000 resident students of college grade. They conferred the baccalaureate or the first professional Table VII. — Faculty , resident college enrollment , and degrees : outlying parts of the United States,1 1939-40 to 1953-54 Item 1939-40 1949-50 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Faculty (total different persons) _ 861 2,027 (2) 1,849 (2) 2,117 Men _ 607 254 1, 274 753 (2) (2) 1, 189 660 (2) (2) 1,334 783 Women _ _ . _ Resident college students: 2 Total . . . . . . 7, 973 14, 737 4 15, 294 17, 612 4 14, 042 19, 997 Men _ 3, 797 4, 176 9,281 5, 456 4 8, 930 4 6, 364 8,864 8, 748 4 6, 737 4 7, 305 10, 754 9,243 Women.. _ _ Earned degrees conferred: Bachelor’s or first professional: Total _ _ _ _ _ 896 1,676 1,806 1,938 1,808 2,055 Men. _ 481 415 978 698 1,103 703 1, 048 890 1,027 781 972 1,083 Women _ _ _ Master’s or second professional: Total _ 37 36 55 53 64 35 Men _ 28 9 17 19 35 20 34 19 43 21 25 10 Women _ _ _ _ Doctor’s or equivalent: Total 1 2 1 Men _ 1 2 1 Women .. .. _ 1 Excludes the Philippines, independent since 1946. 2 Data not collected. * Regular session (September to June), unless otherwise specified. 4 3d week of fall term. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 degree on more than 2,000 persons, of whom approximately 47 percent were men and 53 percent women. This was almost a complete re¬ versal of the 1939-40 proportion, when 54 percent of the first degrees were taken by men. Doctorates conferred numbered 1 in 1951, 2 in 1953, and 1 in 1954: all awarded to men and all at the University of Hawaii. Institutions Attended Predominantly by Negro Students A distinctive feature of American life has been the development of institutions of higher education attended wholly or predominantly by Negro students. Negroes constituted almost exactly 10 percent of the total population in the 1950 Census. The 106 institutions at¬ tended predominantly by Negro students in 1953-54 (table VIII), however, constituted only 5.7 percent of the total number of higher education institutions in the United States; the Negro institutions employed only 2.7 percent of the total number of different persons having faculty status, enrolled just 3.0 percent of the total resident college enrollment, and conferred 4.1 percent of the baccalaureate or first professional degrees. Typically, the so-called Negro college is smaller than the nonsegre- gated or white institution: the average enrollment of all Negro institu¬ tions in 1953-54 was 649, as contrasted with an average of 1,186 for all higher education and one of 1,218 for the so-called white or non- segregated institutions (table VI). The predominantly undergraduate character of Negro colleges is seen in the fact that of the 75,146 college students enrolled in them, only 3,207 (a little more than 4 percent) were of graduate standing. For higher education as a whole (white, Negro, and nonsegregated institutions), something more than 11 percent of all students were reported as having that standing. The increase in graduate work offered at institutions for the higher education of Negroes continued into 1953-54. The number of grad¬ uate students increased from 2,305 in 1949-50 to 3,149 in 1951-52 and to 3,207 in 1953-54: an increase of nearly 40 percent in 4 years. During the same period the number of earned master’s degrees increased from 768 in 1949-50 to 984 in 1951-52 and to 1,306 in 1953-54. This is an increase of 538, or approximately 70 percent, in the 4-year period. In 1949-50, master’s degrees conferred by institutions attended predominantly by Negro students constituted 1.3 percent of the national total of these conferrals; in 1953-54 the HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 19 corresponding percentage was 2.3. Stated in other terms, in 1949-50 1 of every 76 master’s degrees conferred in the United States was conferred by a Negro institution; the corresponding proportion in 1953-54 was 1 in 44. The doctorate was not conferred as an earned degree by any Negro institution during the period under review.4 Subcollegiate enrollments at Negro colleges constituted a little over 7 percent of such enrollments in all higher education. Enroll¬ ment in extension and correspondence, short-course work, and indi¬ vidual instruction ran much lower: hardly more than 1 percent of the national total in each case. It should be clearly understood that the figures here given do not include all Negroes in attendance at higher educational institutions. Many institutions, especially in certain sections of the country, freely admit students without reference to their racial origin. No definite data on enrollment of Negroes at these nonsegregated institutions have been collected by the Office of Education. Faculty Administrative, instructional, and other professional personnel of higher educational institutions (commonly spoken of as the faculty) numbered 268,028 different persons in November 1953 (table 1). This number represents an increase of 21,691, or 8.8 percent, over the 246,337 reported for 1951-52 and exceeds the 1949-50 figure of 246,722 (the previous peak figure) by 21,306, or 8.6 percent. Data are not available on the total number of faculty members for the entire academic year 1953-54. It is believed probable that this number, if it were available, would be closely similar to the count made in November 1953. By Control and Level of Institution Of the 268,028 different persons on higher education faculties in November 1953 (not reduced to a full-time equivalency basis), it appears that 140,273, or 52.3 percent, were in institutions under public control (Federal, State, or local); the remaining 127,755 (47.7 ^Reports recently received at this Office are to the effect that the earned doctorate was conferred by 1 such institution in 1955. Table VIII. — Faculty , enrollment , and degrees in institutions attended predominantly by Negro students: continental United States , 1953-54 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Percent negro of all higher education 5.7 2.7 04 US I 04* 3.0 O 00 I! ^ w us oo || e* 04 II 1-1 04 * 04 5.5 3.0 8.2 4.1 or | i-4 All institu¬ tions of high¬ er education* QD 1,871 268,028 206, 205 61, 823 2, 534, 709 1, 624, 220 910, 489 668,962 Tt< OO o -o O oo §8 rf 04 278,261 194, 092 84, 169 807, 724 421, 793 385, 931 292,880 187, 500 105, 380 Institutions attended predominantly by Negro students Total r» 106 7,302 | 4, 495 2,807 75, 146 31, 712 43, 434 22,563 10, 060 12, 503 3,207 1,351 1,856 44, 331 12, 601 31, 730 11, 903 3,818 8,085 Junior colleges 3 Privately controlled C© 178 §88 1,255 453 802 3 04 Ol | 04 CO 316 S us 04 Publicly con¬ trolled US US o> 04 0 CO 957 Ob ^ oa us CO 532 331 201 436 319 117 Teachers colleges, publicly controlled * 730 386 344 10, 260 2, 533 7, 727 2,939 892 2,047 385 85 300 5,709 728 4,981 2, 308 369 1,939 Universities, colleges, and professional schools Privately controlled cs 3,100 1,953 1,147 30,772 13, 662 17, 110 8,717 3,832 4,885 1,153 549 604 16, 126 4, 795 11,331 4, 935 00 o i-Tco Publicly con¬ trolled w 22 3,203 2,016 1,187 31,902 14, 504 17, 398 9,834 4,784 5, 050 1,669 U- 04 ^ us U- O 21, 744 6, 698 15, 046 099 ‘f 1,609 3,051 Items - I. Number of institutions - . . . . II. Faculty, different individuals 4 - . . . Men _ _ _ _ _ _ Women . . .. . . . III. Resident college students: Regular session 5 . . . . . Men . _ _ _ . - Women . .. . . 1st time in any college s - - Men . . . . _ _ _ Women _ _ _ _ _ , i ! Women . . . . . Summer session, 1953 _ _ - . . Men.. _ _ _ Women _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IV. Earned degrees conferred: Bachelor’s or first professional . S i i » 1 > 56,823 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 21 S a a B gg .2= II 6z ..si !!■ s!3 £ 2-2 § O 3 -“33 Ofi3fl o»£a III! c3 eo_i 9 > ® 2 3 4 * 2 3 4 1929-30 _ _ _ 1931-32 _ 1933-34— . . 1935-36— . 1937-38 _ _ — 1939-40.. . . 1941-42 . . . 82, 386 88, 172 86, 914 92, 580 102, 895 110,885 114, 693 6,306 5, 786 -1,258 5, 666 10, 315 7, 990 3,808 8.3 7.0 -1.4 6.5 11.1 7.8 3.4 1943-44 _ _ 1945-46 _ _ 1947-48 _ 1949-50— . 1951-52—. . . Nov. 1953- . 105, 841 125, 811 174, 204 190, 353 183, 758 207, 365 -8, 852 19, 970 48, 393 16, 149 -6, 595 23, 607 -7.7 18.9 38.5 9.3 -3.5 12.8 1 Collegiate, professional, and graduate; subcollegiate teachers not included; critic teachers included from 1945-46 on; not reduced to full-time equivalent. 2 Decrease shown by a minus sign ( — ). HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 25 By Size of Institution The 268,028 faculty members just referred to included 182,028 department heads and other teaching officers with the rank of instruc¬ tor or above. The full-time equivalent of these persons was reckoned at 140,304 (table XII). When the various institutions are grouped according to number of resident college students enrolled in November 1953 and the faculties of the institutions (full-time equivalent) are grouped in the same fashion, some interesting figures result. Thus, we find 34 institutions (not quite 2 percent of the total number) listed with student enrollment of 10,000 or more per institution. These 34 institutions, however, reported 29,034 teachers (full-time equivalent) or slightly more than 20 percent of the total. In brief, 2 percent of the institutions had 20 percent of the teaching staff (full-time basis). The median faculty member in the entire group of 1,871 institutions was employed in an institution of 3,334 students. In the publicly controlled institutions, this median stood at 4,798, but in the privately controlled group it was only 1,940. In nontechnical language, this means that the typical publicly controlled institution of higher educa¬ tion had nearly 2.5 times as many faculty members of this grade (full¬ time basis) as did the typical institution under private control. By Type of Work Done The entire faculty of 268,028 already mentioned included 16,608 in administrative work and 208,547 in resident instructional work (table 3). This latter group included the 182,028 department heads and other instructional officers ranking as instructor or above, plus 26,519 junior instructional staff members (assistant instructors, teach¬ ing fellows, teaching assistants, and laboratory assistants). Library staff numbered 7,875 and instructional staff for vocational courses and adult education courses of other than college grade 5,560. Re¬ search work claimed the attention of 23,374, of whom 7,542 (nearly one-third) were at land-grant institutions. Extension faculty in¬ cluded 11,682 conducting extension courses, 3,269 in agricultural and home economics extension, 9,200 district and county extension agents for agriculture, home economics, and 4-H clubs, and 472 persons in other types of extension service. Table XII. — Full-time equivalent of instructional staff with rank of instructor or above , by size , type , and control of institution: aggregate United States , November 1953 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 colleges, technical institutes, normal schools, and other higher educational institutions restricted to less than 4 years of work on the undergraduate or HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 27 Instructional staff for correspondence, short courses, and individual lessons numbered 8,389. Staff for elementary or secondary instruction included 1,374 in high-school grades of junior colleges, 2,608 other secondary teachers, and 3,516 elementary teachers (table XIII). Other faculty members, not otherwise classified, numbered 430. Table XIII. — Subcollegiate instructional staff, by type of instruction, and by type and control of institution: aggregate United States, November 1953 Item Total Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions 1 2 3 4 Type of Institution All institutions . . . 7,498 5, 132 2,366 Universities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,964 1,456 508 Liberal arts colleges. _ _ 1,464 525 939 Teachers colleges _ 2,632 2, 498 134 Technological schools _ 72 49 23 Theological schools _ _ _ 53 53 Other professional schools _ _ _ 19 19 Junior colleges. _ _ 1, 294 604 690 Type of Instruction High-school grades of unified high school-junior college . . Laboratory, demonstration, or training schools, total . . 1, 374 562 812 6,124 4, 570 1, 554 Below high-school grade . . 3, 516 2,605 911 High-school grade _ _ _ 2,608 1,965 643 The total of all these items is something over 300,000, indicating that more than 30,000 staff members of the professional type were employed in a dual or multiple capacity — a not unusual circumstance in many institutions. By Percent of Time for Which Employed It has already been noted that the data here given relate to total number of different persons employed, with no reference to the full¬ time equivalent number of persons necessary to fill the positions if it were possible or feasible to eliminate part-time employment and con¬ centrate all employment among full-time persons. Data were col¬ lected, however, on the full-time equivalent of that portion of the faculty for resident instruction, with rank of instructor or above, giving courses of college grade (undergraduate and/or graduate). Here the 182,028 different persons did the work which could have been done by 140,304 on a full-time basis (table XII). Thus, the total number of different persons employed in this type of work over the Nation was 129.7 percent of the number who would have been needed for full-time work as described in the preceding paragraph. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 This 129.7 percent is of course an average and conceals wide variations among the various types of institution (and presumably, even wider variation among individual institutions). For example, the group known as “other professional schools/’ publicly controlled, had a full-time equivalency of 1,308 for faculty members of these ranks. They actually employed, however, a total of 3,091 different persons, or 2% persons for each full-time schedule of instructional activity. These institutions were those offering work in medicine, music, public speaking, and other disciplines in which the utilization of a highly trained and experienced practitioner as a teacher or lecturer is tradi¬ tional. On the other hand, publicly controlled teachers colleges employed only 108 different persons to carry on the work of each 100 full-time schedules of instructional activity. By Sex Women numbered 23.1 percent of the total faculty of higher education in November 1953, publicly controlled institutions reporting 23.9 percent and those under private control 22.1 percent (table IX). Corresponding percentages for all institutions for 1951-52 and 1949-50 were 23.6 and 24.5, respectively. For 1899-1900 this per¬ centage was 19.8 and for 1869-70 it was estimated at 11.9. Summer Session Faculty The 1,228 institutions which maintained summer sessions in 1953 reported a total of more than 67,000 faculty members for those sessions (table 2). This number included some duplication, as an institution maintaining more than one summer session was asked to report the sum of the entire faculty for all sessions, thus presumably counting some persons more than once. There appears no reliable method of calculating or even estimating the amount of this duplication from the data at hand. The number of faculty members employed by institutions for the main summer session of 1953 was 43,927, of whom 31,932 (72.7 per¬ cent) were men and 11,995 (27.3 percent) were women (table 2). The grand total of 67,660 faculty members reported for all summer sessions of 1953 included 50,345 men (74.4 percent) and 17,315 women (25.6 percent). This division by sex is not greatly different from that calculated for November 1953, when 76.9 percent of the group were men and 23.1 percent were women. Universities employed 53.3 percent of all faculty members for the regular session (count as of November 1953), but only 41.5 percent HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 29 of the summer group (all sessions). Liberal arts colleges, on the other hand, employed 29.8 percent of the summer total, as contrasted with only 20.9 percent for the regular session. In like manner, teachers colleges accounted for 15.3 percent of the summer session faculties, nearly 3 times the 5.9 percent reported by this group for the regular session (table IX). The other groups of institutions (technological schools, theological schools, other professional schools, and junior colleges) reported a noticeably smaller proportion of faculty members for the summer session of 1953 than for the regular session which followed it. Publicly controlled institutions employed a somewhat larger pro¬ portion (58.3 percent) of the total summer session faculties for 1953 than they reported for the regular session 1953-54 (52.3 percent). Students General Statement , 1953-54 Well over 2,500,000 resident students 5 of college grade were enrolled in the 1,871 higher educational institutions in the United States (including outlying parts) in 1953-54. The exact enrollment figure of 2,534,709 (table 1) is not the highest in the history of the Nation; although it represents an increase of 215,213, or 9.3 percent, over the corresponding figure for 1951-52, it still is less by 139,049, or 5.2 per¬ cent, than the 2,673,758 (2, 659,021 in continental United States plus 14,737 in the outlying parts) reported for 1949-50. At the same time, it reflects a sizable increase in the number of nonveterans enrolled in higher education. This number, which reached 2,180,843 in 1953-54, was the largest recorded in the history of American higher education. Thus it appears that, in general, as military veterans discontinued college work, nonveterans have taken their place. The 2,514,712 resident college students in continental United States in 1953-54 (table XIV) represent an increase of 68.3 percent over that for 1939-40, and an increase of 128.5 percent since 1929-30. Of special interest is the trend in summer session enrollment. For the third biennial period (1947 to 1949, 1949 to 1951, and again from 1951 to 1953) there has been a decrease in enrollments for these sessions. The result is that the 1953 summer session enrollment of 796,970 is only 83.4 percent (barely five-sixths) of the peak summer session enrollment reported for 1947. At least part of this drop is attributable to the heavy veteran enrollment in the summer session 5 Except where otherwise specified in this chapter, the term “student” is used to include both full-time and part-time students. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 of 1947. The 1953 figure is well above that for any of the summers reported up to and including 1945 (table XV). Summer session enrollments in 1953 were 31.7 percent as large as the total resident college enrollment for the academic year 1953-54. Ten years earlier (1943) the corresponding percent was 32.6: 10 years before that date (1933) it was 28.7. Table XIV. — Resident college enrollment , regular session ( academic year ) and summer session: continental United States , 1929-30 to 1953-54 Year Regular session Summer session * Enrollment Biennial increase 2 Enrollment Biennial increase * Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929-30 _ _ 1, 100, 737 46, 782 4.4 388, 755 4,900 1.3 1931-32 _ _ 1, 154, 117 53, 380 4.9 414, 260 25, 505 6.6 1933-34 _ _ 1, 055. 360 -98, 757 -8.6 303, 754 -110, 506 -26.7 1935-36— _ _ 1, 208, 227 152,867 14.5 370, 026 66, 272 21.8 1937-38 . — 1, 350, 905 142, 678 11.8 429, 864 59,838 16.2 1939-40 . . . . 1, 494, 203 143,298 10.6 456, 679 26, 815 6.2 1941-42 _ _ 1, 403, 990 -90, 213 -6.0 426, 849 -29,830 -6.5 1943-44 . . . . 1, 155, 272 -248, 718 -17.7 376, 334 -50, 515 -11.8 1945-46 . . 1, 676, 851 521, 579 45.1 515, 602 139, 268 37.0 1947-48 . . 2, 616, 262 939,411 56.0 955, 429 439, 827 85.3 1949-50 . . . 2,659,021 42, 759 1.6 943,021 -12, 408 -1.3 1951-52 . . 2, 301, 884 -357, 137 -13.4 880, 752 -62, 269 -6.6 1953-54 . . . . . . 2, 514, 712 212, 828 9.2 796, 970 -83, 782 -9.5 INCREASE 1929-30 to 1953-54 . 1, 413, 975 1,020, 509 128.5 408,215 340, 291 105.0 1939-40 to 1953-54 . 68.3 74.5 1 Preceding the regular session, i. e., summer session for 1929 preceding the regular session 1929-30, etc. * Decrease shown by a minus sign (— ). By Sex The 2,534,709 resident college enrollments (table XV) in 1953-54 (regular session) included 1,624,220 men (64.1 percent) and 910,489 women (35.9 percent). This is an increase in the proportion of women over 1951-52 (34.4 percent) and still more an increase over 1949-50 (30.3 percent), but it is still far below the wartime peak of 1943-44, when women constituted 49.9 percent of the total enrollment. In the summer sessions of 1953 the total enrollment of 807,724 included 421,793 men (52.2 percent) and 385,931 women (47.8 percent) . HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 31 Table XY .—Resident college enrollment , by sex, and by control and type of institution, for aggregate United States: regular session ( academic year ) 1953-54 ; November 1953; and summer session 1953 Item Resident college enrollment Percent All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions * 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. Regular Session, 1953-54 Total enrollment . 2, 534, 709 1, 374, 500 1, 160, 209 100.0 54.2 45.8 Men . 1, 624, 220 861, 946 762, 274 64.1 34.0 30.1 Women . . . 910, 489 512, 554 397, 935 35.9 20.2 15.7 Universities.. . . 1, 154, 719 648, 679 506,040 45.6 25.6 20.0 Men . . . . 800, 169 438, 108 362, 061 31.6 17.3 14.3 Women . . 354, 550 210, 571 143, 979 14.0 8.3 5.7 Liberal arts colleges . . . 636, 479 184, 965 451, 514 25.1 7.3 17.8 Men . . . . 356, 230 102, 760 253, 470 14.0 4.0 lO.o Women . 280, 249 82, 205 198, 044 11. 1 3.3 7.8 Teachers colleges . 208, 573 198, 721 9,852 8.2 7.8 .4 Men . . 95, 073 92, 797 2, 276 3.7 3.6 . 1 Women . 113,500 105, 924 7,576 4.5 4.2 .3 Technological schools . . . 114, 077 56, 559 57, 518 4.5 2.2 2.3 Men . 102, 621 49, 858 52, 763 4.0 1.9 2.1 Women . 11,456 6,701 4, 755 .5 .3 .2 Theological schools _ _ _ 31, 205 31, 205 1.2 1.2 Men _ 24, 036 24, 036 .9 .9 Women _ _ 7,169 7, 169 .3 .3 Other professional schools . . . 61, 986 13,068 48, 918 2.5 .6 1.9 Men _ 47, 093 9,311 37, 782 1.9 .4 1.5 Women . . . 14, 893 3, 757 11, 136 .6 .2 .4 Junior colleges 1 . 327, 670 272,508 55, 162 12.9 10.7 2.2 Men . . 198, 998 169, 112 29, 886 7.8 6.6 1.2 Women . . . 128, 672 103, 396 25, 276 5.1 4.1 1.0 B. November, 1953 Total enrollment . . . . 2, 218, 287 1, 175, 736 1, 042, 551 100.0 53.0 47.0 Men . . . 1,422, 434 737, 444 684,990 64.1 33.2 30.9 Women. . . . . . 795, 853 438, 292 357, 561 35.9 19.8 16.1 Universities . 1,015,701 568, 447 447, 254 45.8 25.6 20.2 Men . . 710, 033 386, 082 323, 951 32.0 17.4 14.6 Women . 305, 668 182, 365 123, 303 13,8 8.2 5.6 Liberal arts colleges . 567, 534 155, 353 412, 181 25.6 7.0 18.6 Men . . . 314, 661 85, 433 229, 228 14.2 3.8 10.4 Women . . 252, 873 69, 920 182, 953 11.4 3.2 8.2 Teachers colleges . 181, 998 173, 394 8, 604 8.2 7.8 .4 Men . 80, 970 79, 122 1,848 3.7 3.6 .1 Women . 101,028 94, 272 6, 756 4.5 4.2 .3 See footnotes at end of table. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-5 4 Table XV. — Resident college enrollment , by sex, and by control and type of institution, for aggregate United States: regular session ( academic year) 1953-54; November 1953 ; and summer session 1953 — Continued Item Resident college enrollment Percent All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 B. November, 1953— Continued Technological schools _ _ _ 102, 332 50,901 51, 431 4.6 2.3 2.3 Men . . . . . . . . 92, 375 45, 149 47, 226 4. 1 2.0 2.1 Women _ _ _ 9, 957 5, 752 4,205 .5 .3 .2 28,950 28, 950 1.3 1. 3 22, 487 22, 487 1.0 1.0 6, 463 6, 463 .3 .3 Other professional schools _ 55, 973 12, 285 43, 688 2.5 .6 1.9 Men. _ _ _ _ _ _ 42, 565 8,827 33, 738 1.9 .4 1.5 Women . 13, 408 3, 458 9,950 .6 .2 .4 Junior colleges > . 265, 799 215, 356 50, 443 12.0 9.7 2.3 Men. . . . 159, 343 132, 831 26, 512 7.2 6.0 1.2 Women _ _ _ 106, 456 82, 525 23, 931 4.8 3.7 1. 1 C. Summer Session, 1953 Total enrollment _ _ _ 807, 724 484, 864 322, 860 100.0 60.0 40.0 Men... . . . . . 421, 793 248, 896 172, 897 52.2 30.8 21.4 Women . . . . 385, 931 235, 968 149, 963 47.8 29.2 18.6 Universities... . . . 351, 744 207, 892 143, 852 43.6 25.8 17.8 Men.. . 217, 677 129, 755 87, 922 27.0 16.1 10.9 Women _ _ _ _ 134,067 78, 137 55, 930 16.6 9.7 6.9 Liberal arts colleges.. . 222, 845 90,089 132, 756 27.5 11.1 16.4 Men . . . . . . . . 92, 783 36, 464 56, 319 11.4 4.5 6.9 Women _ _ _ _ 130, 062 53, 625 76, 437 16.1 6.6 9.5 Teachers colleges . . . . 132, 962 123, 447 9, 515 16.5 15.3 1.2 Men.. . . . 44, 364 42, 268 2, 096 5.5 5.2 .3 Women . . . . . . 88, 598 81, 179 7,419 11.0 10.1 .9 Technological schools.. . 28, 963 16, 960 12, 003 3.6 2. 1 1.5 Men _ 24, 187 13, 536 10, 651 3.0 1.7 1.3 Women . . . . . . 4, 776 3,424 1,352 .6 .4 .2 Theological schools. . . 2,953 2, 953 .4 .4 Men . . . . . . 2,336 2,336 .3 .3 Women . . . 617 617 . 1 . 1 Other professional schools . . 12, 095 1,023 11,072 1.5 .1 1.4 Men . . . . . 8, 683 675 8,008 1. 1 . 1 1.0 Women . . . 3,412 348 3,064 .4 (2) .4 Junior colleges 1 . . 56, 162 45, 453 10, 709 6.9 5.6 1.3 Men . . . . 31, 763 26, 198 5, 565 3.9 3.2 .7 Women . . . . . . 24, 399 19, 255 5, 144 3.0 2.4 .6 1 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, normal schools, and other higher educational institutions restricted to less than 4 years of work on the undergraduate or terminal-occupational level. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 33 By Control and Type of Institution The increasing tendency for students to seek higher education at institutions under public control has been commented on in previous editions of this chapter. During the past quarter of a century the percentage of total resident college enrollment reported in publicly controlled institutions has fluctuated from a low of 46.2 in 1935-36 to a high of 51 in 1937-38 and a high of 51 again in 1949-50. Since 1947-48 it has been at least 50; in 1951-52 it was 50.2; and in 1953-54 it reached a new high of 54.2 (table XV). In the regular session of 1953-54 comprehensive multiple-unit universities included nearly half the resident college enrollment of the Nation, the exact percentage being 45.6. This represents a slight decrease from the 48.2 percent reported in 1951. Five of every nine university students were in institutions under public control. Independent liberal arts colleges enrolled 25.1 percent of the total in 1953-54. Two out of every three liberal arts students were in institutions under private control. Teachers colleges enrolled 8.2 percent of the 1953-54 total. Only 1 in 20 of the registrations at separately organized teachers colleges was at an institution under private control. In 1951-52 this ratio was 1 in 16; in 1949-50 it was 1 in 6. Theological schools, operated apart from universities, enrolled 31,205 resident college students, approximately 1 in 81 of all such students in higher education. As might be expected, all these institutions are under private control. Other professional schools enrolled 2.5 percent of the total for the Nation. Nearly four-fifths of all these registrations were at privately controlled institutions. Junior colleges reported just over one-eighth of the total resident college enrollment of higher education. Those under public control enrolled 5 out of every 6 junior college students. When universities, liberal arts colleges, and technological, theo¬ logical, and other professional schools are added together, their resident college enrollment for the regular session 1953-54 amounted to 1,998,466, or just under 80 percent of the total for the year. Teachers colleges enrolled 8.2 percent of the total, and junior colleges 6 the other 12.9 percent. In 1949-50 universities, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools enrolled 82.8 percent of that year’s total, teachers colleges 8 percent, and junior colleges 9.2 percent. In the summer of 1953, universities, colleges, and professional schools of all types enrolled 76.6 percent of the total, teachers colleges 8 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, normal schools, and other institutions of higher edu¬ cation restricted to less than 4 years of work on the undergraduate or terminal-occupational level. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 16.5 percent, and junior colleges 6.9 percent. Corresponding per¬ centages for the summer of 1951 were 79.5, 14.7, and 5.8, respectively. In appraising these data, sight should not be lost of the fact that they are based on enrollment of entire institutions, as administrative entities. Thus, the enrollment of a school of education in a university is tabulated as a part of the university, but the liberal arts enrollment of a teachers college is tabulated as a part of the teachers college total. In brief, the organizational classification of institutions here followed is administrative rather than curricular, except insofar as curricular characteristics are reflected in administrative organization. The increasing emphasis on graduate instruction, commented on in the 1951-52 edition of this chapter, continued into 1953-54. During the 2-year period, total resident college enrollments increased 9.3 percent, undergraduate enrollments increased 8.2 percent, and graduate enrollments increased 19.0 percent (table XVI). Part (but only part) of the rise in graduate enrollment may be attributed to the heavy enrollment of veterans as freshmen and lower-classmen in the years following World War II. That the rise also reflects a basic trend seems clearly indicated by the following figures: In 1929-30 graduate enrollments constituted 4.3 percent of total resident college enrollment for that year; 7 in 1939-40, 7.1 percent; in 1949-50, 8.9 percent; in 1951-52, 10.1 percent; and in 1953-54, 11.1 percent (table XVI). Table XVI. — Resident college enrollment , by sex , by level , and by control of institution: aggregate United States,1 1939-40 to 1953-54 Item Resident college enrollment Percent All students Men Women All students Men Women * 3 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 All institutions: Total _ _ _ 1, 502, 176 897,047 605, 129 100.0 59.7 40.3 Graduate _ _ 106,000 1, 396, 176 67, 528 829, 519 38, 472 566, 657 7. 1 92.9 4.5 55.2 2.6 37.7 Undergraduate and special _ Publicly controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ _ 804, 241 473, 657 330, 584 53.5 31.5 22.0 Graduate _ 44, 814 759, 427 30,150 443, 507 14, 664 315, 920 3.0 50.5 2.0 29.5 1.0 21.0 Undergraduate and special _ Privately controlled institutions: Total . . . . 697, 935 423, 390 274, 545 46.5 28.2 18.3 Graduate _ 61, 186 636, 749 37, 378 386, 012 23, 808 250, 737 4.1 42.4 2.5 25.7 1.6 16.7 Undergraduate and special _ See footnote at end of table. 7 See Biennial Survey of Education, Chapter 4, Section I, “Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Stu¬ dents, and Degrees, 1951-52,” table M (page 20). HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 35 Table XVI .—Resident college enrollment , by sex , by level , and by control of institution: aggregate United States 1939-40 to 1953-54 — Continued Item Resident college enrollment Percent All students Men Women All students Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1949-50 All institutions: Total . . . . . . . 2, 673, 758 1, 862, 349 811, 409 100.0 69.7 30.3 Graduate . _ . _ . _ . 237, 598 2, 436, 160 172, 322 1, 690, 027 65, 276 746, 133 8.9 91.1 6.5 63.2 2.4 27.9 Undergraduate and special _ Publicly controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ _ _ 1, 369, 091 941, 026 428, 065 51.2 35.2 16.0 Graduate . . . 108, 322 1, 260, 769 77, 359 863, 667 30, 963 397, 102 4.1 47.1 2.9 32.3 1.2 14.8 Undergraduate and special _ Privately controlled institutions: Total. . . 1, 304, 667 921, 323 383, 344 48.8 34.5 14.3 Graduate _ _ _ _ _ _ 129, 276 1,175, 391 94, 963 826, 360 34, 313 349, 031 4.8 44.0 3.6 30.9 1.2 13.1 Undergraduate and special... _ 1951-52 All institutions: Total _ _ _ 2, 319, 496 1, 519, 514 799, 982 100.0 65.5 34.5 Graduate _ _ _ 233, 778 2,085, 718 171, 569 1, 347, 945 62, 209 737, 773 10.1 89.9 7.4 58.1 2.7 31.8 Undergraduate and special _ _ Publicly controlled institutions: Total. . . . . . . 1, 172, 743 746, 617 426, 126 50.6 32.2 18.4 Graduate _ _ _ 106, 492 1, 066, 251 77, 372 669, 245 29,120 397, 006 4.6 46.0 3.3 28.9 1.3 17. 1 Undergraduate and special _ Privately controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ _ 1, 146, 753 772, 897 373, 856 49.4 33.3 16.1 Graduate. _ _ _ _ 127, 286 1, 019, 467 94, 197 678, 700 33, 089 340, 767 5.5 43.9 4. 1 29.2 1.4 14.7 Undergraduate and special . . 1953-54 All institutions: Total . . . . . 2, 534, 709 1, 624, 220 910, 489 100.0 64. 1 35.9 Graduate 2 _ _ 278, 261 2, 256, 448 194, 092 1, 430, 128 84, 169 826, 320 11. 1 88.9 7.8 56.3 3.3 32.6 Undergraduate 2 _ _ _ Publicly controlled institutions: Total. _ _ _ _ _ 1, 374, 500 861, 946 512, 554 54.2 34.0 20.2 Graduate 2 _ 132, 969 1, 241, 531 89, 703 772, 243 43, 266 469, 288 5.3 48.9 3.6 30.4 1.7 18.5 U nder graduate 2 _ _ _ _ _ Privately controlled institutions: Total _ _ _ 1, 160, 209 762, 274 397, 935 45.8 30.1 15.7 Graduate 2 _ 145, 292 1,014, 917 104, 389 657, 885 40, 903 357, 032 5.8 40.0 4.2 25.9 1.6 14.1 Undergraduate 2. _ _ _ _ 1 Not including the Philippines, independent since 1946. * Special students included with graduate and undergraduate, according to level of work pursued. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Regional Distribution of Enrollments The increase of 9.3 percent in total resident college-grade enroll¬ ment from 1951-52 to 1953-54 has already been noted. This increase was quite spotty: in Utah it went to 38.4 percent, in California to 32.8 percent, in Wyoming to 26.7, and in New Jersey to 21.1 percent (table XVII). In Alaska the increase was 181 percent, meaning that the enrollment there in 1953-54 was more than 2.8 times that for 1951-52. In Vermont and Ohio, however, there was a decrease of 0.7 percent each. A decrease of just 1 percent was recorded in Colorado (a State adjoining Utah, which had the highest percent of increase), as well as decreases of 1.2 percent in Massachusetts, 2.3 in New Hampshire, and 2.8 percent in Maine. In the District of Columbia the decrease was 6.5 percent, and in the United States Service Schools as a group it was 9.3 percent. North Dakota came the nearest to no change at all: from 7,600 in 1951-52 to 7,602 in 1953-54. When enrollments for 1953-54 are compared with those for 1929-30, a different, perhaps a clearer, perspective is obtained. During this 24-year period the total population of continental United States increased about 32 percent. The increase in resident college-grade enrollment, however, was 128.5 percent for continental United States (128.0 percent for the entire United States including the outlying parts). This increase was, of course, uneven from a geographic standpoint. It was highest in Alaska, Puerto Rico, Florida, Delaware, California, although Wyoming and New Mexico also reported 1953-54 enrollments which were four times the enrollments in those States for 1929-30. The 3 States showing the lowest increase are all in the Great Plains area (Nebraska 38.9 percent, South Dakota 24.5 percent, North Dakota 10.3 percent). HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 37 Table XVII.— Resident college enrollment , by region and State: 1929-30 to 1953-54 Region and State 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 Percent 1953-54 is of— 1929-30 1949-50 1951-52 9 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast . 1,111,571 1, 100, 737 1,512,418 1,494,203 2, 673, 758 2,659, 021 2,319,496 2,301, 884 2, 534, 709 2,514,712 228.0 228.5 94.8 94.6 109.3 109.2 329, 294 391, 533 726, 231 653, 138 681, 147 206.9 93.8 104.3 Connecticut . 9, 183 12, 860 30,441 31,042 34, 855 379.6 114.5 112.3 Maine _ 4, 659 6,092 9, 544 7, 699 7, 483 160.6 78.4 97.2 Massachusetts- . 54, 424 57, 772 103, 469 97, 344 96, 128 176.6 92.9 98.8 New Hampshire . 4,846 5,897 9, 543 8, 483 8,292 171.1 86.9 97.7 New Jersey . . 14, 662 20, 515 45, 485 41, 334 50,041 341.3 110.0 121.1 New York . . 156, 730 195, 596 352, 965 312, 522 318, 742 203.4 90.3 102.0 Pennsylvania . . . 78, 086 83, 401 153, 254 137, 181 147, 990 189.5 96.6 107.9 Rhode Island _ _ 4, 262 5, 425 13, 829 10, 399 10, 531 247.1 76.2 101.3 Vermont . . 2,442 3, 975 7,701 7, 134 7, 085 290.1 92.0 99.3 North Central _ 372, 751 486, 133 818, 495 665, 687 709, 234 190.3 86.7 106.5 Illinois . . . 81, 701 107, 074 168, 110 137, 030 148, 505 181.8 88.3 108.4 Indiana. . . . 26, 118 37, 065 82, 272 63, 737 63, 987 245.0 77.8 100.4 Iowa _ 23, 688 29, 753 46,971 36, 584 38, 911 164.3 82.8 106.4 Kansas . . . 21, 326 27, 244 39, 074 31, 134 35, 170 164.9 90.0 113.0 Michigan . . 44, 144 60, 961 114, 335 93, 289 104, 781 237.4 91.6 112.3 Minnesota . . 24, 884 34, 647 55,077 43, 459 46, 268 185.9 84.0 106.5 Missouri. . . . 31, 458 40, 393 70, 540 58, 002 61, 625 195.9 87.4 106.2 Nebraska _ . _ 15, 685 16, 579 23, 369 18, 035 21, 775 138.9 93.2 120.7 North Dakota... . . 6, 891 8, 332 9, 477 7, 600 7, 602 110.3 80.2 100.0 Ohio.. . 66, 985 84,367 145, 924 126, 653 125, 781 187.8 86.2 99.3 South Dakota _ 6,113 6,583 8, 856 6, 598 7,609 124.5 85.9 115.3 Wisconsin . 23,758 33, 135 54, 490 43, 566 47, 220 198.8 86.7 108.4 South . 261, 780 391, 385 695, 810 603, 157 655,304 250.3 94.2 108.6 Alabama . . 15, 290 19, 987 36, 317 30, 005 32, 064 209.7 88.3 106.9 Arkansas _ _ _ 6, 445 10, 928 21, 155 17, 816 18, 407 285.6 87.0 103.3 Delaware . 711 1,118 3,592 3,209 3, 535 497.2 98.4 110.2 Florida _ _ _ 5,857 11,473 37, 632 34, 246 40, 169 685.8 106.7 117.3 Georgia . 15, 838 23,229 45. 323 37, 042 41, 227 260.3 91.0 111.3 Kentucky . . 16, 877 22, 414 32, 608 29, 018 29, 946 177.4 91.8 103.2 Louisiana . . 11, 180 25, 996 38, 275 34, 843 40, 280 360.3 105.2 115.6 Maryland... . . . 13, 084 18, 557 36, 531 34, 272 39, 273 300.2 107.5 114.6 Mississippi . . 10,070 14, 019 22, 205 20, 282 22, 734 225.8 102.4 112.1 North Carolina _ 18, 901 32, 118 46, 933 42, 847 46, 492 246.0 99.1 108.5 Oklahoma . . 22, 770 32, 908 49, 440 38, 165 42, 289 189.9 85.5 110.8 South Carolina . 10, 666 15,914 24, 258 20, 711 22, 918 214.9 94.5 110.7 Tennessee. . 20, 496 25, 253 47, 603 39, 229 41, 874 204.3 88.0 106.7 Texas . . 46,703 74, 552 145, 358 132, 104 143, 641 307.6 98.8 108.7 Virginia.. . . . 19, 316 26, 156 38, 074 32, 948 35, 603 184.3 93.5 108.1 West Virginia . . . 11, 632 14, 444 24, 326 19, 013 19,880 170.9 81.7 104.6 District of Columbia _ 15, 944 22,319 46, 180 37, 407 34, 972 219.3 75.7 93.5 West . . 133, 512 220, 826 410, 940 371, 120 461, 058 345.3 112.2 124.2 Arizona . . . 3,742 5, 969 14,111 12, 627 14, 267 381.3 101.1 113.0 California. . . 69, 087 120,290 217, 799 215, 798 286, 657 414.9 131.6 132.8 Colorado.. . . . . 11,290 17, 376 36, 982 30, 263 29, 951 265.3 81.0 99.0 Idaho. . . . . 3, 812 6, 615 9, 337 6, 799 7,241 190.0 77.6 106.5 Montana . 3,897 6, 685 10, 095 7,683 8, 169 209.6 80.9 106.3 Nevada. . . . . 1,046 1,267 1,951 1,358 1,473 140.8 75.5 108.5 New Mexico. . 2, 635 4, 950 11,477 9, 483 10, 605 402.5 92.4 111.8 Oregon . . . 11, 796 16, 141 34, 732 25, 824 27, 015 229.0 77.8 104.6 Utah _ 7, 127 13, 043 23, 992 20,307 28, 113 394.5 117.2 138.4 Washington . . 17,903 26, 226 46, 702 37, 218 42, 803 239.1 91.7 115.0 Wyoming . 1, 177 2,264 3, 762 3,760 4,764 404.8 126.6 126.7 U. S. Service Schools _ Outlying parts of the United States.. . Alaska.. . Canal Zone . 3,400 4, 326 7,545 8,782 7, 969 234.4 105.6 90.7 10, 834 18,215 14, 737 17,612 19,997 184.6 135.7 113.5 86 268 151 367 226 311 107 874 : 214 258 1,016.3 238.1 94.7 281.0 200.0 Guam . . . Philippines— . . 6,817 1,484 2, 447 10, 242 4, 851 2,703 (») 8, 236 5,908 0) 12, 095 5,099 Puerto Rico . Territory of Hawaii.. 13, 346 5,305 899.3 216.8 162.0 89.8 110.3 104.0 1 Became an independent nation July 4, 1946. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 In appraising these or any other data on higher education in relation to State boundaries, it is well to remember that students, especially in the upper level, graduate, and professional courses, often cross State or regional lines in pursuit of an education. Place of attendance, then, is not necessarily to be construed as place of domicile. Enrollment , Early Fall 1953 Of the 2,977,391 resident and extension students taking work of college grade in 1953-54, it appears that 2,250,701 (75.6 percent) were on the rolls at the time of the early fall count (table XVIII). It should be noted that these figures for the fall of 1953 include extension as well as resident students of college grade; they are therefore not exactly comparable with those for early fall figures for 1951-52 and prior years, which included resident college grade enrollment only. Table XVIII. — Resident college enrollment , academic year and 3d week of fall term: continental United States , 1931-32 to 1953-54; and aggregate United States , 1949-50 to 1953-54 Resident college enrollment Item Total for academic 3d week of fall term year (September to June) Number Percent of total for year * 2 3 4 1931-32... . . . . . . . . . 1, 154, 117 1, 055, 360 1, 208, 227 1, 350, 905 1, 494, 203 1, 403, 990 i 1, 155, 272 1, 676, 851 2, 616, 262 839, 741 765, 661 1,077,484 1, 219, 867 1, 364, 815 1. 180, 365 * 965, 262 1, 073, 629 2,339,292 72.8 1933-34 . . . . . . . . 72. 5 1935-36 _ _ 89.2 1937-38.. _ _ _ _ _ _ 90.3 1939-40 _ _ _ _ _ _ 91.3 1941-42 _ _ _ _ _ 84. 1 1943-44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83. 6 1945-46 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64.0 1947-48 . . . . 89.4 1949-50: Continental United States only _ _ _ _ 2, 659,021 2,442, 463 91.9 Aggregate United States . . . 2, 673, 758 2, 456, 841 91.9 1951-52: Continental United States only _ _ 2, 301, 884 2, 101, 962 91.3 Aggregate United States 3 . . . 2, 319, 496 2, 116, 440 91.2 1953-54: Continental United States only . 2, 514, 712 *2,231,054 88.7 Aggregate United States:* Total. . . . 2, 534, 709 4 2, 250, 701 88.8 By sex: Men _ 1, 624, 220 4 1, 432, 474 88.2 Women . . . . . . 910, 489 818, 227 89.9 By control of institution: Public . . 1, 374, 500 4 1, 203, 558 87.6 Private _ _ _ _ 1, 160, 209 4 1, 047, 143 90.3 By predominant race of students within institution: White. . . . . . 2,459,563 ♦2,181,207 88.7 Negro . 75, 146 4 69, 494 92.5 • Includes military students. * Includes some estimated figures. 3 Includes continental United States and outlying parts. 4 Includes extension students of college grade. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 39 Enrollment , November 1953 A new feature in statistical reporting in higher education, here presented for the first time, is that of basing many of the analyses on data as of November, rather than on those for the entire academic year. This has the advantage of eliminating duplicates; to that extent it gives a more accurate picture of the situation. It is believed by many that there is more movement or mobility of students from campus to campus, or from school to school on the same campus, while the academic year is in progress than was formerly the case. For this reason, many authorities believe that cumulative figures collected and tabulated at the end of an academic year must include some duplication. In other words, the total cumulative enrollment figure as at the end of the academic year is no longer as valid a measure of the size of an institution as it once was. It is not planned to discontinue the collection and publication of total (cumulative) enrollment data as of the entire academic year. Rather, it is proposed to publish the detailed data as of November, and the cumulative totals for certain basic items for both November and the total academic year. This will assist in determining the relation between these two sets of data. How much of the difference between the two figures is due to mobility of students, as described above, and how much is due to late entry of entirely new students who have not been matriculated elsewhere during the year in question, cannot yet be determined. Of the 2,534,709 students enrolled for resident work of college grade in 1953-54 (table XIX), it appears that 2,218,287, or 87.5 percent, were so enrolled in November 1953.8 This proportion was, of course, not uniform over the Nation. In general, it ran highest in the North¬ east (89.1 percent) and lowest in the West (82.6 percent), although the heterogeneous group comprising the Outlying Parts of the United States registered a higher percentage (99.4) than any of the geographic regions in continental United States. In the Canal Zone, where there is only one institution of higher education, the entire academic year’s resident college-grade enroll¬ ment was in attendance by November 1953. In Vermont, it appears that 99.1 percent of the academic year’s total was so enrolled. Cor¬ responding percentages for other States ranged from 97.9 in South Dakota and 96.6 in New Hampshire to 77.4 in Wyoming and 75.6 in Utah. * Percentage calculations supporting statements on this subject are not included in the present publication. 388639-56- -4 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table XIX.— Resident and extension college-grade enrollment, Fall 1953, and resident college enrollment, November 1953 and academic year 1953-54, by region and State Region and State Combined resident and extension college-grade enrollment, fall 1953 i Resident college enrollment November 1953 Academic year 1953-54 > 2 3 4 Aggregate United States _ 2, 250, 701 2,231, 054 2, 218, 287 2, 199,972 2,534,709 2,514,712 Continental United States _ Northeast _ _ _ 622, 348 607, 022 681, 147 32, 699 7,168 92, 869 8,206 45, 571 286, 168 131, 943 10, 858 6, 866 32, 096 7,147 90, 892 8, 011 44, 837 275, 268 131, 797 9, 954 7, 020 34, 855 7, 483 96, 128 8,292 50, 041 318, 742 147, 990 10, 531 7,085 Maine _ . _ _ _ . _ Pennsylvania . . . . . Vermont... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ North Central . . . . . . 641, 797 624, 925 709, 234 128, 039 59, 459 36, 392 30, 554 99, 132 41, 898 53, 669 19, 417 7, 238 113, 168 7, 548 45, 283 126, 748 58, 158 33, 868 30, 306 90, 913 41, 604 54,064 18, 896 6,998 112, 236 7,446 43, 688 148, 505 63, 987 38. 911 35, 170 104, 781 46,268 61, 625 21,775 7,602 125, 781 7,609 47, 220 Iowa.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Kansas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Missouri _ _ _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ . . . . . . North Dakota . . .. .. . . . Ohio South Dakota _ _ _ _ _ _ Wisconsin . . South . . . 576, 567 579, 102 655, 304 Alabama . . . . . . . . . 28, 609 16, 274 4,603 35, 778 34, 001 26, 653 36, 674 32, 978 20, 185 42, 840 36, 436 21,617 36, 710 123, 052 32, 137 17, 730 30, 290 28, 416 16, 001 3,348 36, 013 34, 415 26, 352 34, 930 33, 871 19, 501 43, 214 36, 662 21, 379 36, 905 127,011 33, 049 17, 468 30, 567 32, 064 18, 407 3,535 40, 169 41, 227 29, 946 40, 280 39, 273 22, 734 46, 492 42, 289 22, 918 41, 874 143, 641 35, 603 19, 880 34, 972 Arkansas . . . . . . . Delaware . . . . Florida _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Georgia.. . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . Mississippi . . . North Carolina Oklahoma . . . South Carolina . . . . . . Tennessee . . . Texas . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . District of Columbia . . . West.. . . . . . 382, 540 381,000 461, 058 Arizona ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13, 575 233, 932 25, 867 7, 041 7, 098 1,321 8, 742 22, 685 21, 080 37, 757 3, 442 12, 868 234, 613 25, 202 6, 388 7, 033 1,274 8, 762 22, 880 21, 244 37, 051 3, 685 14, 267 286, 657 29, 951 7,241 8,169 1,473 10, 605 27, 015 28, 113 42, 803 4,764 California. . . . . Colorado . . . Idaho Montana _ _ ... . . . Nevada . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . Utah _ _ _ _ _ Washington . . . . Wyoming . . U. S. Service Schools . . . . . . 7,802 7, 923 7, 969 Outlying parts of the United States . . 19, 647 18, 315 19, 997 Alaska . . . . . . 304 369 260 14, 095 4, 619 803 214 242 12, 323 4, 733 874 214 258 13, 346 5, 305 Canal Zone . . . Guam . . . . . . . . Puerto Rico . . . . . . . Territory of Hawaii . . . 1 Data are for 3d week, fall term. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 41 Comparison should not be made between the early (opening) fall enrollment data given in column 2 of table XIX and those given for the academic year in column 4 of the same table, because the figures for the fall of 1953 (3d week) include both resident and extension students of college grade, instead of only resident, as in previous years. The figures for November 1953 and for the academic year 1953-54 include only resident college students. No data were requested to show how many of the 442,682 extension students enrolled in the academic year 1953-54 were taking college-grade work, although an analysis of data summarized as of November 1953 indicates that about 60 percent of the extension students then reported were collegiate and about 40 percent noncollegiate. By Size of Institution For the first time nonduplicated enrollments, as of November, are available both by type of student and by type of institution, making possible a complete analysis of number of institutions and number of students by size, type, and control of institution, and by type of enrollment (table XX). To illustrate, among the 1,871 institutions in the country, there were 479 wdiich in November 1953 had enrollments ranging from 1 to 199 students each. In this group of 479 small institutions, there were 473 which had full-time undergraduate students, 269 with part- time undergraduate students, and 59 which had graduate students. There were also 66 with adult education enrollments and 32 doing extension work on the college level, as well as 10 doing it on the noncollegiate level. The group also included 10 institutions having correspondence students on the collegiate level, and 7 with this type of enrollment on the noncollegiate level. Furthermore, the group of 479 small institutions included 23 which had students in short courses and 50 with enrollments for the individual lessons. Finally, the group included 181 institutions which had summer sessions in 1953 (table XXI). 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 .js — fc. 0 to el 8| 1^ B cc to S iO ^ f! g « ■C « ■2 B 2 5® h B £ v. to $t> Vw ^ to | * fill 13.2 m «£1 si! i-n «2I Is! «2a .rL CO *o N O oT s 340, 700 208, 975 520, 970 311,995 208, 975 12, 132 12, 132 [:t:: | : 1 : : i i i i I'll! Tf< CO 21 13 in 1 oseo ”p rH 1 Mi: 1 1 I i i 1 451,012 252, 967 198, 045 336, 932 b- lO 00 o ss | rtrH 42, 045 35,693 6, 352 35, 783 12, 165 23, 618 i i 1 1 99 02 CO CM 00 1 Tt< Tf< CM CM 1 CO-H CO cm ^ l 1 • 1 | 327, 165 207,820 119, 345 131, 145 75,857 55, 288 91, 443 38, 486 52, 957 27, 652 27, 652 28, 290 20, 932 7,358 3, 742 1 CM Tt< CO 95 02 CO *o CO 36 20 16 30 cob- | 00 oo I 00 1 50 ^ 1 1 385,206 205, 004 180,202 CO 00 00 11, 738 14, 148 180,022 48, 843 131,179 i| 02 02 O CO 00 82, 144 1,455 26, 359 11,565 14, 794 2, 883 14,933 5, 463 9, 470 252 126 126 CO 00 124 O Tf CO 02 I CO IO 52 1 CO COO CM 05 CO CO O O £ 103, 533 157, 537 768 89£ 140, 962 17, 837 123, 125 48, 306 46, 305 2,001 £ 00 OO CO TJ4 7, 242 13, 153 4,043 9,110 CM CO 144 228 201 CM U- Is” 1 - 1 ^ 1 ii ! [ OiO 1 [ 1 - CO ^ 190, 472 51,909 138, 563 i 89,521 2,076 87, 445 20,490 16, 191 4, 299 2. 578 1, 431 1, 147 11, 167 17, 979 2, 639 15, 340 573 153 420 ! i 261 CO IO *0 CM 56 coco ^ 1-4 TJ CM iO r-H CO 89 cm 00 l ^ 00 »o 1 1 COIN J js 52 51 2,218,287 1,175,736 1,042,551 1,015,701 568,447 447, 254 567,534 155, 353 412, 181 181, 998 173,394 8,604 102,332 50, 901 51, 431 28,950 55, 973 12 285 43, 688 00 667 1,204 131 02 CM CO CO 713 CM i-H GO CO CO 200 gs 53 27 26 138 18 120 2 O pd o a ■ P & & 2 Eh O ,Q > 3*2 Ah Ah Ah Ah .o > 312 Ah Ah &> d A- An Ah .o £ 3 ’2 Ah Ah ,o > 3T! Ah Ah HIGHER EDUCATION - FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES CO I cToT 05 I NW CO t>rH 8 d's £ I £2 H lOffl lO CM 1 219, 917 86, 920 132, 997 00 I s i 00 124, 834 15, 692 109, 142 43, 330 41, 945 1, 385 7,817 3, 998 3, 819 5, 861 9, 776 3,580 6,196 27, 551 21, 705 5, 846 372 144 228 -1 1 201 24 177 $ lOCO CO l 1 «©»o J 11 20 COT* 1 ", 60 43 17 161,428 098 ‘ZII 890 ‘ff : l il i 79, 046 1,966 77, 080 17, 046 14, 574 2, 472 2, 519 HOO 1 I oo co 1 COH 9, 752 13, 441 2,404 11,037 39, 624 23, 743 15,881 566 153 413 260 CO ^ !n 54 43 11 1 r- 1 -«*eo I 1 1 1 1 35 54 00 co 156 92 64 C5 co co 12, 319 34, 376 9, 977 259 9,718 1,731 990 741 555 466 89 6 467 4, 418 139 4, 279 23, 547 10. 465 13, 082 473 CO CM TJH rH CO : I CO 00 1 CM ^ 00 oot» 1 ^ 1 00 tH J 66 50 1 49 252 CO 05 r-H CO 1,566,068 858, 031 708, 037 a 00 1 i| 418,939 249,890 448,399 118,024 330, 375 152,576 147,411 6, 165 74,682 2$ 1 cooo 24, 272 38, 665 9, 945 28, 720 158,645 118,898 39,747 1,858 667 1,191 S 1 05 CM COO 709 cm °°s s " 1 COCM 52 CM CM 114 | 134 00 co 520 05 CM CM CM s'C PhPh i ^co § O §) o c r. g > i £ o CO 1 a 13 ' K ' 2 j V. i i 8 CO o *5o o .s o a ! £ I «e a 1 > o 2 £ - c s 3 & s tr 1 c 2 i H £ 2 > 2 i T 2 1 T 2 i T ; 2 ' > 1 PhPh Ph Ph jo > d’C Ph Ph £> > 312 Ph Ph 43 See footnotes at end of table. 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 * -a a a e .0 a 3 (- CUPh S S3 jO > at, PhPi S S3 £ 3l! Cu(^ cj.2 33 cs 32 > Eh O HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 45 See footnotes a* cfld of table. 46 £ fi e C 0 ‘•S 3 v « 3 I! 5? t» ON g*r w & "3 g s s y §< . CO >> tt iO ■« ^ C w "8 SS F § ® *©* §3 0} su ^ o § « CO lO ©© o* Tfi N« CO > Dm Ah Ah S 03 ja > D m PUPLI .o £ Dm Ph Ph .Q > Dm PhPk &> Dm pm^ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 47 © © CO © s s S3 NS © 00 § 35, 543 5,314 40, 272 34, 958 5,314 585 585 8 CO t>- © cm ! 32,239 30, 986 1,253 26,159 24,965 1,194 5, 570 5, 570 510 rH © © © £ 29 7 21 6 CO co ! eo CM fH 24, 952 22, 778 2, 174 13,508 12, 910 598 5,845 © © CM © 3, 067 3, 067 871 871 1,661 1,661 8 CM© CO CM CM CO © ^ CO CO rH H 26, 210 17, 217 8, 993 5, 327 1, 766 3, 561 8,954 3, 551 5,403 10, 743 10, 743 45 29 39 39 1,073 1,073 § co © ©CM II © ^ 34 © 00 CM fH »-l co CO 17,448 13,314 4, 134 169 © © 4, 027 431 3, 596 So © 00 8, 537 50 CM CM 284 113 171 4, 233 4, 233 Tt< © 54 40 1 39 © CO CO 45 Tt< i-H CM rH CM CO M 9,373 5,748 3, 625 2, 945 37 2,908 4, 388 4, 272 116 400 CM 00 © CO 1,640 1,437 203 8 S3 1| i 40 68 I © CM 8” i CO i-H CM © OS !-l o 126,340 26,560 85,435 74, 599 10, 836 28,506 14,443 14,063 00 © 26, 912 166 CM CO 1, 367 115 © 983 154 829 9,249 8, 865 384 © 00 CO © © II © CM 12 1 50 20 146 © CO © 123 119 4 © © CO Tt< © CO S5 22 5 J=>> flu PhPh a a .or flu PUAh S o O ► flu Ph Ph ,Q > £> > £}> flu flu flu PhP-i P-iPh PhPh p> flu PhPh or flu PhPk X> > flu PhP4 See footnotes at end of table. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 * T3 Sg 8 e o I'S .t 3 s.s ©4 h §7; © fc ^"2 g S 8 q, » o 0) fs . «5 b © *fl -w „ 8 i* 1» *** *2 §£ 5 S» W +■> •8*5, 0. ^ ** w £ «ll HE3 m £13 .r~> CO 2 s § .i CO “So O IN X ?i 2 8 O (N 00 N HN IS HN MO Tt< IN «5 03 COWS to NN 00 CH CO CO =0 CO 03 NH .O > S’C X>> S C PhPh ■° S: s'C AhCl, x> & 3'C PU. Ph X3 > s'C PhPh HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS AND DEGREES 49 See footnotes at end of table. . ENROLLMENT IN SHORT COURSES, NOVEMBER 1953 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 51 52 * c ns • “ fi « .2 c s — 0 © ITS £• 0s gt 2js 1 s I » §* «5 £- S 'o4 §) « £ a,So *s BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 AS 0 «2a $PB ffll «8§ as § w8g o - a 00 CO 28 2S? C4 O CO CO iO I 8 *o co rH $ & e o 05 £. ?3 3'C PhCu, x: > 3 C & 3 C Pm Pm X> > 3'C Pm Pm X3 > 3"C Pm&h XJ > 3 C PUPh X2 > 3u CM Pm 1 The size-class of each institution is, for present purposes, determined by the resident 2 None of the institutions in the category entitled “Other professional schools” college-grade enrollment of the institution, as of November 1953. reported any students enrolled for correspondence work. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 53 * = c e c •= 5 = O 3} « s TS-g e - vs Si S§ g a £3 c SP c n v, 95 S£ » 8 III H £ § W£ c e «£I © 00 c^Tt^ *0 (M s §§ 00 CVJ co of o *o t>- r- < 00 05 »o icT I N N 00 00 ^ cS CO , -H CO » $ s *-« - r-Tfrf S3 © w S| SB oc 63 S| s& .C > at &,P* The size-class of each institution is, for present purposes, determined by the resident college-grade enrollment of the institution, as of November 1953. 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 First-time students Of the 2,218,287 resident college students in November 1953 (con¬ tinental United States and outlying parts), 580,535, or 26.2 percent, were registered for the first time in any college (table XXII). This is a somewhat larger percentage than was reported in 1951-52, or for that matter, since 1945-46, when the influx of World War II veterans pushed the percentage to 28.3. The November 1953 data deal with the entire United States, whereas those for earlier years deal with con¬ tinental United States only, outlying parts omitted. The 1951-52 first-time resident college enrollment in the entire United States, in¬ cluding outlying parts, was 534,244; the total resident college enroll¬ ment in the entire United States was 2,319,496. The percentage re¬ lationship between these figures for the entire (or “aggregate”) United States is 23.0, the same as for continental United States for that year. Table XXII. — Total , under graduate , and first-time resident college enroll¬ ment: 1931-32 to November 1953 1 Item All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions 1 2 3 4 I. Total resident college enrollment: 1 1931-32 . . . . 1, 154, 117 1, 055, 360 1, 208, 227 1, 350, 905 1, 494, 203 1,403,990 1, 155, 272 1,676,851 2, 616, 262 2, 659,021 2,301,884 582, 168 529, 931 614, 131 689, 483 796, 531 732, 111 571, 406 833,803 1, 326, 147 1, 354, 902 1, 155, 557 571, 949 525, 429 594, 096 661, 422 697, 672 671, 879 583, 866 843, 048 1, 290, 115 1, 304, 119 1, 146, 327 1933-34. . . . . . . 1935-36- . . . . 1937-38- . . . 1939-40 . . . . . . . 1941-42. . . . . 1943-44 2 . . . . 1945-46 . . . 1947-48 . 1949-50 . . . 1951-52 . November 1953: Total . 2,218,287 1, 175, 736 1,042, 551 Universities . . . . 1, 015, 701 567, 534 181, 998 102, 332 28, 950 55, 973 265, 799 568, 447 155, 353 173, 394 50, 901 447, 254 412, 181 8, 604 51, 431 28,950 43, 688 50,443 Liberal arts colleges . . Teachers colleges . Technological schools . . Theological schools . . . . Other professional schools . 12, 285 215, 356 Junior colleges . . . II. Undergraduate enrollment: 1 1931-32 . 1,027,545 963, 721 1, 128, 924 1, 270, 474 1, 389, 137 1, 319, 505 1, 099, 860 1,411, 557 2, 260, 503 2, 218, 256 1, 877, 907 530, 622 498, 292 591, 181 658, 582 752, 858 699, 988 553, 733 720, 265 1, 173, 770 1, 150, 610 967, 814 496, 923 465, 429 537, 743 611, 892 636, 279 619, 517 546, 127 691, 292 1,086,733 1, 067, 646 910, 093 1933-34 . 1935-36- . 1937-38— . 1939-40 . 1941-42. . 1943-44.. . . . 1945-46. . 1947-48 . . 1949-50- . 1951-52 . November 1953: Total . 1, 994, 455 1, 072, 155 922, 300 Universities . 850, 894 538, 275 170, 989 89, 617 26,640 493, 817 140, 534 163, 658 47,643 357,077 397, 741 7,331 41, 974 26, 640 Liberal arts colleges _ Teachers colleges . Technological schools _ Theological schools . See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 55 Table XXII. — Total , undergraduate , and first-time resident college enroll¬ ment: 1931-32 to November 1953 1 — Continued Item All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions 1 2 3 4 II. Undergraduate enrollment: ^Continued Other professional schools _ 52, 241 11, 147 41, 094 50, 443 J unior 'colleges . _ _ _ _ . 265, 799 215, 356 III. Students first time in any college: 1 1931-32 _ _ _ _ _ 336, 997 307, 690 366, 734 367, 983 417, 539 379, 070 314, 311 474, 894 188, 658 171, 389 204, 231 208, 833 235, 995 211,633 163, 353 250, 356 318, 069 323, 673 299, 725 148, 339 136, 301 162, 503 159, 150 181, 544 167, 437 150, 958 224, 538 301,163 270, 453 230, 225 1933-34 _ 1935-36 _ 1937-38 _ _ _ _ 1939-40 _ _ _ _ _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1945-46.. _ _ _ _ _ 1947-18.- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 619, 232 594, 126 529, 950 1949-50 _ _ 1951-52 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ November 1953: Total . . 580, 535 335, 863 244, 672 Universities _ 196, 458 164, 393 54,700 23, 738 4, 348 10, 969 125, 929 125, 636 40, 686 52, 777 13, 851 70, 822 123, 707 1,923 9,887 4, 348 8, 354 25, 631 Technological schools _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools _ 2, 615 100, 298 Junior colleges _ IV. Percentage of first time students to total resident enrollment:* 1931-32 . . . 29.2 32.4 25.9 1933-34 _ 29.2 32.3 25.9 1935-36 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30.4 33.3 27.4 1937-38 _ 27.2 30.3 24. 1 1939-40 . . . . . . 27.9 29.6 26.0 1941-42— _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27.0 28.9 24.9 1943-44 _ _ _ 27.2 28.6 25.9 1945-46— _ _ _ _ 28.3 30.0 26.6 1947-48 _ _ _ _ _ 23.7 24.0 23.3 1949-50 . . 22.3 23.9 20.7 1951-52 _ _ _ _ _ _ 23.0 25.9 20. 1 November 1953: Total _ _ _ _ _ 26.2 28.6 23.5 Universities _ 19.3 22. 1 15.8 Liberal arts colleges. . _ 29.0 26.2 30.0 Teachers colleges _ __ 30. 1 30.4 22.4 Technological schools _ 23.2 27.2 19.2 Theological schools _ 15.0 15.0 Other professional schools _ 19.6 21.3 19.1 Junior colleges... _ _ _ _ _ _ 47.4 46.6 50.8 V. Percentage of first time students to undergraduate enrollment: * 1931-32 . . . . . . . . 32.8 35.6 29.9 1933-34 _ _ _ 31.9 34.4 29.3 1935-36.. . . . . . . . . 32.5 34.5 30.2 1937-38 _ _ _ _ _ 29.0 31.7 26.0 1939-40. _ _ _ _ _ _ 30. 1 31.3 28.5 1941-12 . 28. 7 30.2 27.0 1943-44— _ _ _ _ 28.6 29.5 27.6 194546 _ _ _ 33.6 34.8 32.5 1947-48. . . . . . . . . . 27.4 27.1 27.7 1949-50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26.8 28.1 25.3 1951-52 . . . . . . 28.2 31.0 25.3 November 1953: Total . . . 29.1 31.3 26.5 Universities _ 23.1 25.4 19.8 Liberal arts colleges _ _ _ 30.5 29.0 31.1 Teachers colleges.. _ 32.0 32.2 26.2 Technological schools _ _ _ 26.5 29.1 23.6 Theological schools. _ _ _ _ 16.3 16.3 Other professional schools _ 21.0 23.5 20.3 J unior colleges _ _ _ _ 47.4 46.6 50.8 i Continental United States only, 1931-32 to 1951-52; aggregate United States (including outlying parts), November 1953. 1 Includes full-time military students as follows: 149,454 in publicly-controlled institutions, and 128,301 in privately-controlled institutions. * Includes full-time military students as follows: 28,115 in publicly-controlled institutions, and 35,125 privately-controlled institutions. 388639—56 - 5 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 The November 1953 figure of 580,535 first-time students in the entire United States represents an increase of 46,291, or 8.7 percent, over the 534,244 reported for 1951-52. Since 1931-32, when the data for first-time students were first collected, the percentage relation of first-time resident college enroll¬ ment to total resident college enrollment has changed irregularly, with a general tendency downward. In 1931-32 nearly 30 percent of the total resident enrollment were in college for the first time (sec¬ tion IV of table XXII). In November 1953 it stood at 26.2, the highest percentage since 1945-46. When graduate students are eliminated from the calculations and percentages are computed of first-time students to total undergradu¬ ates (sec. V of table XXII), a percentage of 28.2 is obtained for 1951— 52, followed by one of 29.1 for November 1953. Various factors might theoretically account for this rise, such as: a genuine rising trend in the proportion of the population entering college ; an influx of veteran- connected first-time enrollment (as of “Korean veterans”) ; a decrease in “holding power”; a decrease in the proportion of part-time students (such students have prolonged undergraduate status) ; or an increase in the proportion of junior college students (assuming that such stu¬ dents, more than others, terminate their college education after 2 years, and thus have a comparatively brief undergraduate status). The actual role of these possible factors has not been assessed; how¬ ever, the recent increase in the proportion of high-school graduates going on to college (see below) suggests that the first factor is perhaps most effective in the present case. Full-time undergraduate students An analysis of full-time undergraduate students in November 1953 by control and type of institution shows the same general pattern as in the case of total resident enrollment: somewhat more students in public institutions than in private, a leaning toward the universities, and a noticeable percentage of the total in junior colleges (table XXIII). HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 57 Table XXIII.— Full- time undergraduate resident enrollment , by control and type of institution: aggregate United States , November 1953 Type of institution Full-time undergraduate resident enrollment Percent All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total . . . 'niversities. . . . . L *>eral arts colleges... . . Teachers colleges _ 1, 566, 068 858,031 708, 037 100. 00 54. 79 45.21 668, 829 448, 399 152, 576 74, 682 24, 272 38,665 158, 645 418, 939 118, 024 147, 411 44, 814 249, 890 330, 375 5,165 29, 868 24, 272 28, 720 39,747 42. 71 28.63 9. 74 4. 77 1.55 2.47 10.13 26. 75 7.54 9. 41 2. 86 15.96 21.09 .33 1.91 1.55 1.83 2.54 Technological schools _ Theological schools _ _ Other professional schools... . . Junior colleges 2.. . . . . 9, 945 118,898 .64 7. 59 1 For number of institutions by type, see table I. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, normal schools, and other higher educational insti¬ tutions restricted to less than 4 years of work on the undergraduate or terminal-occupational level. High-school graduates going on to college When data on students attending college for the first time in a given year are compared with data on the actual or estimated number of graduates from secondary schools the previous year, an approach is gained to the attracting power of higher education. Data on this point are fairly reliable from 1931 to 1939; they indicate that during that period classes entering colleges were approximately one-third as large as the graduating classes from public and private secondary schools (table XXIV). This has led to the oft-quoted (but now incorrect) remark that one-third of our high-school graduates go on to college, the inference being that they go to college the next fall. This remark ignores the fact that in some cases there is a break of one or more years between high-school graduation and college entrance: a break, which probably does not seriously affect the figures. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table XXIV. — High school graduates , 1930-31 to 1952-53 , compared with first-time college students in ensuing academic year , for continental United States Academic year ending in— High-school graduates estimated 1 First-time college students in ensuing academic year Number Percent of high-school graduates 1 2 3 4 1931 _ _ _ _ _ 746, 948 870, 922 965, 099 1, 067, 712 1, 170, 777 1, 231, 925 1. 130. 804 1, 049, 633 1, 134, 971 1. 194. 804 1, 181, 800 1, 198, 300 336, 997 307, 690 366, 734 367, 983 417, 539 379,070 314, 311 474, 894 619, 232 594, 126 529, 950 663, 070 * 607, 570 45.1 35.3 38.0 34.5 35.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1933... _ _ _ - . . 1935 . . . . . 1937 _ _ _ _ _ 1939 _ _ _ 1941 . - . . . . 1943 _ _ _ 1945 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1947.. . . . . . . . . 1949 _ _ _ _ _ 1951 . . . . . . . . . . 1953... . . . . . . . . *50.7 ’Public and nonpublic. 2 The ratio of first-time college students of a given academic year to the high-school graduates of the pre¬ vious school year measures in general the percentage of high-school graduates who enter college on either a full-time or a part-time basis. This was not true during the war years and during the progress of the veter¬ ans’ educational program, because students interrupted their formal education for military service, thus reducing abnormally the number of first-time students during the war, and increasing abnormally the num¬ ber of first-time students later. Since 1941, there has been little meaningful relation between first-time col¬ lege students of a given academic year and the high-school graduates of the previous school year. For this reason, the percentages have not been calculated. For the fall of 1953, however, there became available data on the number of first-time college students who were veterans; and on this basis an estimate was made of the number of veterans attending college for the first time during the entire academic year. See footnote 3, below. 3 The figure 607,570 represents nonveteran first-time college enrollment (the total of 663,070 minus an esti¬ mated 55,500 veteran first-time students). The percent, 50.7, is the quotient of 607,570 divided by 1,198,300. For several years after 1939 this break was even more pronounced. The violent distortion incident to World War II and the enactment of legislation to encourage the reentrance of military veterans in college had their effect on both the number of persons finishing secondary schools and the number of persons entering college. By 1953-54, however, the situation is believed to have become practically normal. The number of first-time resident college students enrolled in 1953-54 was 663,070 (full-time and part-time); this is no less than 50.7 percent of the high-school graduates of the preceding school year. (Data are for continental United States.) It should be understood that the term “students enrolled for the first time in any college” does not necessarily or even presumably include the entire number of “freshman” students. It does not include the comparatively few students who enter college for the first time in the summer sessions, nor does it take into account the part-time students who are enrolled as freshman for more than the traditional 1 year. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 59 Veteran students The academic year 1953-54 saw a total of 336,181 veterans enrolled for resident work of the higher education level in the 1,871 institutions over the Nation (table 2). Of these, 139,556 were veterans of World War II: the other 196,625 were veterans of the Korean conflict. Of the total of 336,181 just mentioned, 277,507 were in residence in November 1953 (table XXV). This number was 12.6 percent of the total of 2,210,364 resident college students at that time (exclusive of enrollment in the U. S. Service Academies). Table XXV. — Resident veteran and nonveteran college enrollment in non- Federal institutions of higher education , compared with population , by State: November 1953 Region and State Popula¬ tion July 1, 1953, in thou¬ sands 1 Resident college enrollment, non-Federal institutions, November 1953 Number Per 10,000 of total pop¬ ulation All stu¬ dents Veterans Non¬ veterans All stu¬ dents Vet¬ erans Non- veter¬ ans i 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 Aggregate United States . 161,377 2,210, 364 277, 507 1,932,857 137.0 17.2 119.8 Continental United States. . . 158,320 2, 192,049 275,800 1,916,249 139.0 17.4 121.5 Northeast _ 40, 876 607, 022 77, 659 529, 363 148.5 19.0 129.5 Connecticut . . 2,123 32, 096 3, 854 28, 242 151.2 18.2 133.0 Maine. . . . . . 877 7,147 555 6,592 81.5 6.3 75.2 Massachusetts . . . 4,843 90, 892 11, 435 79, 457 187.7 23.6 164.1 New Hampshire . . 545 8,011 501 7, 510 147.0 9.2 137.8 New Jersey . . . 5,174 44,837 7, 662 37, 175 86.7 14.8 71.9 New York _ 15, 499 275, 268 33, 865 241, 403 177.6 21.8 155.8 Pennsylvania _ _ _ 10, 600 131, 797 18, 186 113, 611 124.3 17.1 107.2 Rhode Island _ _ 835 9, 954 1,226 8, 728 119.2 14.7 104.5 Vermont . . . . 380 7, 020 375 6,645 184.7 9.8 174.9 North Central . . 46,440 624, 925 70, 772 554, 153 134.6 15.3 119.3 Illinois . . . 9, 039 126, 748 14, 097 112, 651 140.2 15.6 124.6 Indiana _ _ 4, 175 58, 158 6,475 51,683 139.3 15.5 123.8 Iowa _ _ _ _ _ 2, 663 33, 868 3,152 30, 716 127.2 11.8 115.3 Kansas _ _ _ 1,981 30,306 2,898 27, 408 153.0 14.6 138.4 Michigan . 6, 825 90, 913 9,597 81,316 133.2 14.1 119.1 Minnesota _ _ 3, 073 41,604 4,530 37,074 135.4 14.7 120.7 Missouri _ _ 4, 063 54, 064 7,115 46,949 133.1 17.5 115.6 Nebraska _ _ 1, 353 18, 896 1,972 16, 924 139.7 14.6 125.1 North Dakota _ 627 6,998 996 6, 002 111.6 15.9 95.7 Ohio . . . 8,463 112, 236 14, 465 97, 771 132.6 17.1 115.5 South Dakota . . . . 662 7,446 1,066 6, 380 112.5 16.1 96.4 Wisconsin _ _ 3, 516 43, 688 4, 409 39, 279 124.3 12.6 111.7 South.. . . 49,241 579, 102 78,508 500, 594 117.6 15.9 101.7 Alabama _ _ _ 3,016 28,416 4,799 23, 617 94.2 15.9 78.3 Arkansas. _ 1,826 16, 001 2, 310 13, 691 87.6 12.6 75.0 Delaware _ _ _ 355 3, 348 341 3, 007 94.3 9.6 84.7 Florida . . 3,177 36,013 6, 093 29, 920 113.4 19.2 94.2 Georgia . . . 3, 564 34, 415 4, 252 30, 163 96.5 11.9 84.6 Kentucky _ 2, 961 26, 352 3, 174 23, 178 89.0 10.7 78.3 Louisiana _ _ _ 2, 868 34, 930 4, 025 30, 905 121.8 14.0 107.8 Maryland _ 2, 531 33, 871 4, 200 29,671 133.8 16.6 117.2 Mississippi _ 2,156 19, 501 3, 306 16, 195 90.4 15.3 75.1 North Carolina . . 4,194 43, 214 4, 211 39, 003 103.0 10.0 93.0 See footnote at end of table. 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table XXV. — Resident veteran and nonveteran college enrollment in non - Federal institutions of higher education , compared with population , by State: November 1953 — Continued Resident college enrollment, non-Federal Institutions, November 1953 Popula- Region and State tion July 1, 1953, in thou¬ sands 1 Number Per 10,000 of total pop¬ ulation All stu¬ dents Veterans Non¬ veterans All stu¬ dents Vet¬ erans Non- veter¬ ans 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 Oklahoma. . . . 2,200 36, 662 6,506 30, 156 166.6 29.6 137.0 South Carolina _ _ _ 2, 252 21, 379 1,951 19, 428 94.9 8.6 86.3 Tennessee.. . . 3, 323 36, 905 4,285 32, 620 111.1 12.9 98.2 Texas . . 8, 407 127,011 18, 201 108, 810 151.1 21.7 129.4 Virginia... _ 3,570 33, 049 2, 596 30, 453 92.6 7.3 85.3 West Virginia.. . . 1,993 17, 468 2,278 15, 190 87.6 11.4 76.2 District of Columbia . 846 30, 567 5,980 24, 587 361.3 70.7 290.6 West _ _ 21,763 381,000 48,861 332, 139 175.1 22.5 152.6 Arizona _ _ _ 894 12, 868 1,859 11, 009 143.9 20.8 123.1 California _ _ 12, 119 234, 613 28, 295 206, 318 193.6 23.4 170.2 Colorado _ _ _ _ 1,437 25, 202 3,689 21, 513 175.4 25.7 149.7 Idaho . . . . . . 594 6,388 873 5, 515 107.5 14.7 92.8 Montana . . 613 7,033 862 6, 171 114.7 14.0 100.7 Nevada _ _ _ 195 1,274 172 1,102 65.3 8.8 56.5 New Mexico . . 767 8, 762 1,558 7,204 114.2 20.3 93.9 Oregon. _ _ _ 1, 620 22, 880 2,937 19, 943 141.2 18.1 123.1 Utah _ _ _ _ _ 749 21,244 3,392 17, 852 283.6 45.3 238.3 Washington . . . . 2,481 37,051 4, 811 32,240 149.3 19.4 129.9 Wyoming _ _ 293 3,685 413 3,272 125.8 14.1 111.7 Outlying parts of the United States . Alaska . . . . Canal Zone . . Guam . . . . . . Puerto Rico . . . Territory of Hawaii . 3, 057 18,315 1, 707 16,608 59.9 5.6 54.3 205 57 59 2,213 523 803 214 242 12, 323 4, 733 47 6 2 1,078 574 756 208 240 11, 245 4,159 39.2 37.5 41.0 55.7 90.5 2.3 1.0 0.3 4.9 11.0 36.9 36.5 40.7 50.8 79.5 * Source: U, S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Population Estimates, Series P-25, No. 124, p. 5, October 24, 1955. Includes persons in the Armed Forces stationed in each area; excludes members of the Armed Forces overseas. The total number of resident college students (veteran and non¬ veteran) in non-Federal institutions of higher education in November 1953 was 1.370 percent of the estimated total population in July of that same year. Stated in other terms, this was 137.0 students per 10,000 of total population (table XXV). This 137.0 divides into 17.2 veterans and 119.8 nonveterans. As might be expected, nonveterans exceeded veterans in every State or other jurisdiction, the proportion ranging from fewer than 5 to 1 in Alabama, District of Columbia, Florida, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, to more than 130 to 1 in Guam. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 61 Other types of enrollment The enrollment of 52,286 students in higher education in 1869-70 has been mentioned, as has the enrollment of 39,610 students of sub- collegiate grade in institutions of higher education. Of this total of 91,896 students, 56.9 percent were doing work of college grade (under¬ graduate or graduate, liberal arts or professional) and 43.1 percent work of subcollegiate difficulty. In November 1953 the 1,871 institutions of higher education en¬ rolled a total of 3,713,208 persons for some kind of formal instruction (table XXVI). This figure is considerably less than the 4,343,681 grand total reported for the academic year 1951-52. How much of this decrease is due to difference in dates of reporting (end of the academic year 1951-52 vs. middle of the first semester 1953) and how much is due to an actual decrease in student enrollment is not determinable from the data at hand. Table XXVI. — Enrollment , by control and type of institution , and by level and type of enrollment: aggregate United States, November 1953 1 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Privately controlled institutions Percent of Total enroll¬ ment eo 100. 00 90. 58 67. 03 1.71 1.08 20.76 4. 90 .62 2.80 1.48 .57 1.01 2.94 00*001 93. 89 69. 57 1.69 .26 22. 37 College- grade enroll¬ ment only cm o o © o 74. 00 1.89 1.19 22. 92 i o o © o © © 00 CO II © 00 CM 00 '8 Enroll¬ ment - 1,555,244 o 00 00 © 1,042, 551 26, 560 16, 839 322, 860 CO 9,619 43, 447 23, 081 8. 896 15, 696 45, 695 05 W 05 CM CO 603,624 447, 254 10, 836 1,682 143, 852 Number of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing item o O N TfOW«C OlO'tO CM HlOO CO CM CM CO 00 I IOmIO CM CM CM CO CM © »0 GO ©CM »0 Publicly controlled institutions Percent of Total enroll¬ ment © O © 1 CM 00 54.48 5. 86 3. 61 22. 47 8 00 1.90 5. 51 .87 2. 23 .16 2. 91 ® o © © o CO cd 00 00 rf< C5 05 CO CO 00 ^ © C5 College- grade enroll¬ ment only GO o o © o 63.05 6. 77 4.18 25. 00 1 1 o o © o 62. 66 8. 22 6. 21 22. 91 Enroll¬ ment r* CO © s cm 1, 864, 885 1,175, 736 126, 340 77, 945 484, 864 178, 829 40,979 118, 940 18, 910 48, 071 3, 427 62, 752 CO id CM *o s 907, 276 568,447 74, 599 56, 338 207, 892 Number of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing item CO CO CO 05 © CO CO CO r- 1 CO CO CM *— < Tf CM CO *0 CO CO OhO ^ ^ CM © © 05 ©CO 05 © lO © All institutions Percent of Grand total enroll¬ ment o o o © 00 00 rf< CM © CO NhiON 05 rr CM LO CM CO 00 cd 1.36 4. 37 1.13 1.53 .52 2. 92 © © ©* © s 05 00 60. 16 5. 06 3. 44 20. 84 College- grade enroll¬ ment only - 1 o o © o 67. 76 4.67 2. 90 24. 67 o o © © 67.23 5. 65 3. 84 23.28 Enroll¬ ment eo GO o cm cd eo 3, 273, 695 2, 218, 287 152, 900 94, 784 807,724 254, 976 50, 598 162, 387 41, 991 56, 967 19, 123 108, 447 1,688, 182 1, 510, 900 1,015, 701 85, 435 58, 020 351, 744 Number of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing item w GO 1,871 389 161 1,228 COrHlO 0 0*0 CM GO U- CO rH CM Tfi CC Type of institution and type of enrollment - I. All Institutions Grand total, all enrollments . Resident.. _ _ _ Extension.. . . . . Correspondence . . . . Summer session, 1953 . . . Noncolleeiate .. _ .. Extension _ _ Adult education . . . . Correspondence . . . . . Short courses _ ..... . ... Individual lessons _ . _ __ _ ! cj | 1 -Q 3 CO II. Universities Total, universities . . Colleee-erade _ ... . Resident. . . Extension.. . . . . . Correspondence . . . . . . Summer session, 1953 _ _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 63 Tf< Tf rf O 06 * ^ CO OCOH ^ t- cs 05 l 0*0 io'io' CO 05 CO NOOO t- © owo COCO rH hh»O00 CON CO c* 05 id »-H TJH 00 05 rH ^ 05 05 CO rH 1>I CO O oo 05 oo 05 tH CO r-T tjT r>T COCO rH CO CO 005 ‘OTt^HOO CO ^ 05 o lO tJh'c^O CO cot- rH 05 c* of !82?3 (N05 o cicsn O O CO 05 00 CO CO »d cd cd co CO 82 5 8 3 a rii’g •i'SS « w-co 11 !x> a S o o 111! cd x o 3 PhWOm s a -0 OT3 O .2 00 ® S* S h*«o 2 «j 8 ® 2^ rt p 2 bp S-gS ->8 o ~ W H \s s > 22 co 1 M CJ © WHOffi „ _ 0 0-0 o •a ® ft c/5 ■2 s *X3 O 8|s £>8 .SI'S See footnotes at end of table. 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 § c Eg e I sFS •2 ^ II ■S 2 2 5 £ ~ V? I "8 8 e e 8 U ■So s £sa 7^ 0 jz? d c3 i O jh O hr ^ S O o ° o fl u © d a M W S-2 « a a a.3B8r Jj o2 £|f GO OhiOh cm' o5 * r»* cd 1> rH HkOCOM 3288 1-H IO 1-4 09 Ct §s; ®'§:s'S i? = C3 £ ® rj 6“§a° ®.i co . a 11-ip G~ s S' bp 5? ^.s Scoco mow CSJ 2 1^1 l|i “ -Go X -o O H«:o ££§ 0-r),0 GqS GQi-hCG .2 ® £ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES .CO i CO II O t'- i-H i i-H II - IQ i rH II *H OiOO^OJ 10 10 © id ’ i> cd Sill »COiO HHOi rf 05 CO o* c Tf< c ooci >CO© CO H H O ^ CO CO 00 N COO oocdi-Icd CO lO CO CO 10 CO CO 10 CO coco ^ 10 odcd»o 10 00 CO CO CO oco^ ^ oo r- CO (N 05 lO 04 3 IIS CO II CO © oo >n oToo t o < cc oo lO id o < >05 CO W ( 3 3 B O © Q. ■3 O <50 © ffl Q *. 2-3 .2 g§j> u jz © O B flflS cqh5oq a-> © w* B a 3 > •: 3 8-5 = E > 8 O -B J3 J5 B 3 CChCO if IS Ifg^ © x o S tfWOw 5 >3 s s 5 O 3 o •b © n fl+> S S3 fc x-3 o W^to *-f l 674 674 00 1-H 00 OnNh CO 04 101.1 111.3 104.8 101.1 111.3 104.8 8 ck 05 HN 00 04 04 ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo Men 1953-54 s 187, 500 186,528 | 55,541 53, 482 49, 409 26, 002 2, 094 04 N 05 38, 147 | 38, 122 | 12, 262 10, 835 9,418 5, 547 60 to 04 I 8, 181 8, 180 2, 654 3, 063 1,242 1, 221 56.8 92.5 136.6 56.7 92.5 136.6 1952-53 o 200, 820 199,793 | 59, 064 59, 082 51,402 28, 307 1,938 1,027 | 05 oo 05 I o Tt<| 40,946 | HOOOf co co 00 00 CO to to 0005 CO r-T of »o col 7, 517 7, 515 2, 581 2, 841 1,052 1,041 04 60.9 99.4 125.5 60.8 99.3 125.5 1951-52 05 227, 029 225,981 65, 313 68, 773 58, 145 32, 000 1, 750 00 o 43, 591 | 43,557 | to 04 co I t> 00 CO to CO C5 Tf I>- ^ 04" o to co I 6,969 C5 , -O' 05 CO 2, 488 2,594 859 1,028 68.8 105.7 116.3 68.7 105.7 116.3 1950-51 00 279,343 1 278,240 74, 834 86,696 74, 577 40, 722 1,411 1,103 46, 231 CO 05 CO rH to Tt< * 329, 819 328,841 87, 114 106, 286 87, 892 46, 119 1,430 R 05 41, 237 1 14, 558 12, 518 8, 263 5, 881 5, 990 5,990 04 tC CO CO CO t-H CO t''* 1 04 Of 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Both sexes 1953-54 co 292, 880 lO 04 00 83, 780 82,766 82, 659 39, 523 2, 097 2, 055 | 56, 823 00 r <0 tO 18, 779 14, 825 15, 700 7, 424 60 to co I co to 05 05 05 I 1 05 00 00 3, 005 3, 327 1,349 1,314 «Ot0t© cot 0(0 lO N(Oid to 05 CO to 05 CO 1952-53 »o 304, 857 05 o CO s CO OC 05 00 00 O^HCCCO 04 05 CO 00 CO of f-H OC 00 00 ^ 00 r oo 61, 023 05 05 8 CO N O rH CO 04 CO O to to 05 to 05 o to co 3 8, 309 8 loo 2,918 3, 108 1, 141 1,140 04 70.3 104.8 125.3 70.1 104.8 125.2 1951-52 331, 924 329,986 | 05 co o 04 00 CO to 05 co oo Of 00 O *0 t-H 05 05 05 1,938 1 63, 587 TO to CO CO 21, 498 17, 720 16, 798 7,512 6 CO to 7, 683 7,683 2, 766 2, 845 958 1,114 76.5 109.2 115.8 76.4 109.2 115.8 1950-51 CO 384, 352 | CO iQ - 00 05 of of 88.6 111.9 110.6 88.5 111.8 110.6 1949-50 O _J m W P b* H C3Q Q 43 H *5 CQ ; g -a E w -2 r “ a : •g * » a ° © > a m ^ ' u CJ M - g « a O a §6 Sag sis 3“ f, S f £££££ | * s et M o ® g «8 O g> A & M <1 tn W 03 CJ — w o ■ei’l hT 11 ws 1L co & & Owa O O to .9 ^ O •a oja. a ca w m w PS t, « 05 g sg “ £o co. a g o 2 388639-56- Table XXIX. — Earned degrees , by level , by field of study, and by sex of recipient: aggregate United States, 1953-54 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Doctor’s Women CO 815 i i t> i i 100 j10^00 i 261 © 1 rH Mi . CM CM . Men W 8, 181 00 X so M< © M< OfOH Mi 977 rHSO©t^SOsO©MrHrHH*H CM rH CO CO rH rfl CM CO CO CO t*- to Industrial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mechanical _ _ _ _ Metallurgical _ _ Mining . . . . . . Naval Arch, and Marine . . Petroleum _ _ _ _ Sanitary _ _ _ Textile _ _ _ unciassmea.. . . . . ... _ _ Other - English _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ Fine Arts _ Architecture... . . . Music _ _ _ _ .. Speech and dramatic arts . . . Fine arts not elsewhere classified.. . . . .. Foreign Languages... _ _ Classical foreign languages _ _ _ French _ German _ _ _ _ _ Spanish _ _ _ Russian _ .. . _ _ .. All other modern foreign . . _ _ Geography . . . . . . . . . Healing Arts and Medical Sciences > _ Dentistry, D. D. S. only . . . .ueniai science _ _ _ Medicine, M. D. only . . . . Nursing . . . . nntnmdtnr Osteopathy _ _ _ Pharmacy . . . . Public Health _ Veterinary medicine, D VM or higher Medical sciences not elsewhere classified Home Economics _ Journalism.. . . . . Law, L. L. B. or higher.. . . Library Science 4 _ Mathematics.. . See footnotes at end of table. Table XXIX. — Earned degrees , by level , by field of study , and by sex of recipient: aggregate United States , 1953-54 — Continued - l*-». Doctor’s Women BIE1S CO nsn AI CO SURVEY NiOCO ihcOh • OF E oo to co CO DUC rH lO ATI 8 ON, 1952-54 CO CM (N O 00 iH^ • rH CM 1 i i i i i i i I Men w Cl CO 05 1-H ^ *oco® 05 lO CM *o cm 1 CO ^ lO CO 1,095 OCOriiHCOCO H IQ ^ C5 ^Sco^SS ^2 ^ Total 3 co $ lO CO CO 00 lO TfH HOhH §28 HOW 05 lO CO 1,195 CO *0 *0 CO CO rf4 co *o *o *0 fH ^ Tf4 tc CO ‘O (X) H o *o CM CO »H rH rH Number of insti¬ tutions ® 05 05 00 00 00 00 CO . o *o io ^ t>. CMCOjOCOt^TH CM g CO O CO Men QO 2 cm~ C0 01N00010 05 »h N O CO CO 00 O 05 00 co O CO co CM 00 05 *o CO co 5,994 68 547 864 182 455 323 518 2,311 288 82 356 Total r* co cf 19 1,098 412 31 38 714 62 251 1,254 1,310 1 CO t- IQ *0 COCO 7, 182 94 609 1,220 219 534 440 538 2,576 323 186 443 Number of insti¬ tutions 05 lO CO 00 00 CO 00 oo CO rH rH CO *Q 05 QO TJ4 *o Bachelor’s and 1st professional Women i 1,273 CM ^ 05 i *0 *C CO C t>. 1 Tf4 O i 263 2,673 1,042 923 119 17, 595 144 790 2,967 93 1,018 3,315 440 5, 249 32 1, 419 2, 128 Men - 1, 842 8,607 11 4, 727 1, 553 33 88 1, 877 318 1, 582 3,085 6, 393 2,049 4,344 58, 770 121 5, 938 6, 418 269 4,314 2, 387 7, 021 28, 234 351 744 2,973 Total eo 1,843 9, 880 CO ^ CM CO CO cm CO »-i 05 CO CO C5 *o CO CO 05 CO 1, 845 5, 758 7, 435 2, 972 4,463 76, 365 265 6, 728 9, 385 362 5, 332 5,702 7, 461 33, 483 383 2,163 5, 101 Number of insti¬ tutions N ^ l CO CO 05 *o O CO co 05 r^ r-H co CO 00 CO CO oo ^ 292 152 IOQN0CNO5 cDhhcON Tt4 co Tt4 CO *0 lO 05 CO CO rH ^ co lO CM CO T*4 Field of study - Military or Naval Science . Physical Sciences5 . . . . Astronomy . Chemistry . . . Geology. . Metallurgy. . Meteorology . Physics . . . . . . Physical sciences not elsewhere classified . Philosophy.-. . Psychology . Religion. Religious education and Bible . . Theology . . Social Sciences 9 . . Basic: 9 Anthropology . Economics . . History... . International relations. _ . . Political science... . Sociology . . Applied: Business and commerce — Acc’tg _ Business and com — All other . Public administration. . . . . Social work 4 _ _ _ _ Social sciences not elsewhere classified. . HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 75 82; C OO 00 00 C4 o2> lOM S8S o jj £ fbjij e? O ft ■ P* ** © T3 ■C-STj-^-Ss ■— =3 > © © §•2^56 «ol§o ® m £ m « ©3, H i;s3:| I c! C o ■S £ ^CPP^ 3 S C3 f-i M VP w'fld 'O co w C .S-^E-g a r.ti 3 o -A- o -H E/5E ST 5tL tJO © OT3 " SflJ, £ © M 2 •B © 1:3 co m © © © £ 2 “5 m x: g "£ © ®«§®g ©“£8® 5 c ® a s ~gX©© o © £ 3 & o © |f ®ja ot g. 5 « * 0 o'P “ £-2 r S 5 4= © a.£ e, © § ® © o Og. ,2 i*>E B ^csS © 3£ o S • » © a 2 ® ® ?E a ® ct3.s ° c M g © .. £ 3 _ >> c3 a z. 03 2 M*f © "g £r +-i±3©©-3S©a©o — . B rt “P*3 co S ra -w S»:^"i3SoS©Ccc3 ©~T5Bc-ao© «£°£|.2Q’3q~ 5 5*© ,, § M ® 5 ^go » 3x3 © J3 £§: b£ 3 • q’K TJ ®S? 09 £'ot Ja&S o So g-sr 8 H £ g £ ’ bh£ S *S* 2 * e.S .3 u v“ © 3 5 a :Q © Oy .3 © JS C3 ZS clp! a if?! ^*ot a & o £E’®|s s-5r3.2 -*> C3T3 0 o2 O'O g <2® £ ©50 :5 5 flS £ s *®Q c3 •- §88 O 3 fl c»S2 © x CO w Q. 3 O O'3 f 8x3 3 © 2 >s 5 © -H S ■gg«So S, t-s>fl^.2O0 05 =3-3 > O ©+-_ >> ■3£8Ss#3asg3 a-g^gMCo >'©02 © © bg.S 225 § = •S "2 -B S *= _ “ “ a n © o Egg 1 53 g °i “5 §|,|j ©M-aa-Sg 1 © 3 m © © tf ca 2 £ Q’SmsSSSlQ-a'" 3 - 2 3 ~ o© w£E5a ws 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 1. Perhaps the most obvious inference is that higher educational opportunities in the United States are extremely widespread. No fewer than 1,315 institutions conferred the bachelor’s or first pro¬ fessional degree, 522 the master’s or second professional degree, and 158 the doctorate or its equivalent. 2. Not only do higher educational opportunities seem to be wide¬ spread from a geographic point of view: there is also wide diffusion of fields of study. No fewer than 60 fields are itemized in the tabu¬ lation of awards at the first degree level; almost as many for each of the advanced degrees. Many other fields are combined under such headings as “not elsewhere classified,” “without major,” or simply “other.” 3. The differences between men and women in certain fields are no less striking. In Education, for example, almost four times as many women as men took the baccalaureate or first professional degree, and in French there were three women for every man at that same level. In Physics, however, more than 25 men to 1 woman took the first degree, with nearly the same proportion at the level of the masterate. In analyzing these data it is well to bear in mind that they refer to numbers of degrees and major fields, not to the exact numbers of different persons taking degrees. In certain instances, a person may take two degrees in one year, perhaps at the same graduation cere¬ mony. These may be 2 degrees of the same level but in different fields, or they may be 2 degrees of different levels. In other instances a person may take one degree with two or more majors. Again, the count of institutions conferring degrees in a given field is a good indication but not an infallible index of the number of institutions offering majors in that field. A small institution may offer a major in a given field but happen to have no graduates in this field during the year under review. A single illustration will clarify the point: A total of 1,315 institutions conferred the baccalaureate or its equivalent in level. Of these, only 881 (just over two-thirds) conferred the degree with major in English. Even taking account of the num¬ ber of technological, theological, and other professional schools, it hardly seems likely that only two-thirds of the degree-granting insti¬ tutions in the country would be able to offer a major in the basic subject of English. Finally, the number of institutions or degree conferrals in a given field may differ somewhat from similar data published by a profes¬ sional society interested in that field. The present tabulation is intended to include all institutions in the United States which in HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 77 1953-54 conferred degrees in the various fields; no inference with respect to their accreditation is involved. On the other hand, a list published by a professional association is likely to include only institutions which are accredited or which hold membership in the association; a list of this sort is also likely to include member insti¬ tutions outside the United States. Collection of the data The data on which the present chapter is based were collected by use of the 8 questionnaires listed, by number, in the paragraph below. Three of these ques¬ tionnaires are reproduced in the appendix; the others are reproduced or described in other publications, as noted below. Five questionnaires — numbered 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 in the list below — were sent to all institutions of higher education (or, more exactly, to 1,871 “reporting units”; with a few exceptions, the reporting units were the same as the institutions listed in the Education Directory, Part 3, Higher Education, 1953-54)- Usable returns were received from 97.5 to 99.5 percent of the institutions to which the five questionnaires were sent. The lowest response-rate (97.5 percent) was obtained with questionnaire no. 5 below; the highest (99.5 percent), with no. 1. Copies of questionnaire nos. 3 and 7 were sent to the institutions of higher education which granted degrees or had students enrolled in engineering — 210 institutions in the fall of 1953 and 218 in the fall of 1954; usable returns were received from 98.6 and 100.0 percent of the institutions, respectively. Copies of questionnaire no. 8 were sent to all institutions (1.324 in number) which granted bachelor’s or higher degrees in 1953-54; usable replies were received from 99.8 percent of the institutions. The eight questionnaires were entitled: 1. Survey of Fall Enrollment, 1953. (Form is reproduced in Office of Education Circular No. 382.) 2. Comprehensive Fall Report on Enrollment: 1953. (See appendix.) 3. Survey of Engineering Enrollment and Degrees: 1953. (For description of questionnaire, see Office of Education Circular 468, pages 13-15.) 4. Veteran Students and Male Non-Veteran Students, Fall of 1953. To be reproduced in Office of Education Circular entitled “Enrollment of Veteran Stu¬ dents in Institutions of Higher Education: Fall 1953.” 5. Enrollment in Academic Year 1953-54 - (See appendix.) 6. Fall Report on Faculty in Institutions of Higher Education: 1953. (See appendix.) 7. Survey of Engineering Degrees: 1953-54 • (For description, see Office of Education Circular No. 468, pages 13-15.) 8. Survey of Earned Degrees Granted during Year 1953-54 ■ (Form used in 1952- 53 is reproduced in Office of Education Circular No. 380; and revisions for 1953- 54 are explained in Circular No. 418, page 19.) Questionnaires 2 and 5 were accompanied by a sheet (printed on both sides) entitled “Some Basic Definitions Relating to Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education.” This sheet is reproduced in the appendix. Table 1 .—Faculty, enrollment , and degrees: continental United States, 1869-70 to 1949-50 ; and aggregate United States ,l 1951-52 and 1953-54 78 < 268, 028 4 206, 205 4 61, 823 246, 337 188, 325 58, 012 ZSi ‘91S 186, 189 60, 533 146, 929 106, 328 40, 601 82, 386 60,017 22,369 48, 615 35, 807 12, 808 36, 480 29, 132 7, 348 3 00 19, 151 4, 717 3 15, 809 3 12, 704 3 3, 105 3 ii, 552 00 ^ 82 3 5, 553 CO 88 1 2, 534, 709 1, 624, 220 910, 489 8 278, 261 10 2,256,448 (12) (12) 668, 962 » 2,250,701 2, 319, 496 1, 519, 514 799, 982 233, 778 2, 085, 718 896, 538 1, 192, 761 534, 244 2, 116, 440 2, 659, 021 1, 853, 068 805, 953 237, 208 2, 421, 813 1, 039, 556 1, 387, 739 594, 126 2, 444, 900 1, 494, 203 893, 250 600, 953 105, 748 1, 388, 453 646, 999 744, 827 417, 539 1, 364,815 t2 O o 619, 935 480, 802 47, 255 1, 053, 482 273, 503 783, 975 h 336, 997 » 839, 741 597, 880 314, 938 282, 942 15,612 582, 268 192,566 406,941 (13) (13) 355, 213 « 214, 648 « 140, 565 9,153 346, 060 171, 847 174. 213 (13) (13) 237, 592 152, 254 85, 338 5,831 231, 761 127, 663 104, 098 (13) (13) 156, 756 « 100, 453 « 56, 303 2, 382 154, 374 110, 241 44, 133 (13) (13) 3 115,817 oo r^co OOOi CO | wwcoooc-"^'' 3 52, 286 3 41, 160 3 11, 126 11 $8 CO co^^ 00NO>2 2 cs >£ a § a I'd ©"d 2d .d c3 S CD O EARNED DEGREES CONFERRED14 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 79 202, 880 187, 500 105, 380 56, 823 38, 147 18, 676 I od 8, 181 815 331, 924 227.029 104, 895 s s 43,591 19.99G i 6,969 714 432, 058 328, 841 103, 217 58, 183 m HO »— < § 1 ® 5, 990 643 186, 500 109, 546 76, 954 S2 * ii coo 1 « sS ba o g,§ flg Private 2 120 10, 877 694 10, 154 9, 578 II E oo -f 403 173 108 192 i i 090 ‘I 00 fcJO ^0> § Private 3 949 139 803 738 712 605 26 15 50 21 ° ! 8 i 115 19 2 o3 10 CD^O Q 1^1 Sfs|l fl'e o? “o slf jfggl fi -S o > •i * .2 S-" bfi be ^ d)S tj - s 2 S o g w a o-i COGQf £5 3 ® •d > < fcg 2® m > Z o k w §?8 « i sfl S-2 °5 §3 -d w> g® ◄ See footnotes at end of tabl Table 2. — Faculty , enrollment , and degrees , 6y type and control of institution: aggregate United States , 1953-54 — Continued 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Junior colleges 1 Private 3 23, 928 5, 021 18, 907 415 916 14, 395 mi Public eo 3, 682 3,636 46 6,943 586 4, 271 Other profes¬ sional schools Private N 727 6, 599 1,287 7, 051 6, 176 875 653 ^ Oi OjlO II Tt< 36 11 Public - III! 2, 070 1,602 468 1C CM CM 157 68 152 COCO Theolog¬ ical schools Private O 5,943 2,382 3, 561 110 142 1,621 4, 302 3,865 437 O 00 r- i Ci 11 o OO CM CO CM II i-H 05 i-l Technological schools Private Oi 5, 636 5, 636 _ | CO i fO J — 5, 952 5,398 554 009 T 1,526 74 383 373 10 Public oo 1,908 1, 594 314 22 20 638 8, 364 7, 543 821 993 F2S II 3 CM 3 1 i Teachers colleges Private r» 971 971 33 137 2, 904 1,507 328 1,179 00 o 00 441 367 42 05 CO co Public CO 14, 258 13, 467 791 480 752 35, 048 33, 431 12, 980 20, 451 00 00 *o 3, 316 2, 502 26 23 3 Liberal arts colleges Private U5 1,239 1,147 92 2,832 3, 493 17, 292 66, 642 36, 448 30, 194 3,714 2, 220 1,494 102 00 T* Public - 2, 984 2,910 74 1,445 287 9, 645 21,742 10, 688 11,054 4, 060 2,131 1,929 30 27 3 Universities Private 2,203 1,682 521 CO Oi CO NOOO o 1 ^ ^ 00 59,166 45, 411 13, 755 18, 537 12, 287 6, 250 3, 646 3, 217 429 Public CQ 1 74, 023 56, 338 17, 685 39,181 1,782 13,150 82,653 57, 061 25, 592 19,605 14, 201 5,404 4, 397 4,102 295 3d Sh tX) bX) go ~ § O O olz; w H ia ES o « S5 5 g S a © o •o £a £«> B o g gas tg’o S M C 8 £ © — ©rt g §*§ m kJ. o jgs 121 J3 O ® ■a a © 2.^0 .ox 5X1 ® b op © © C X be g ill SaS x. c ©^ o CxJ £ 'g bx) E3 c3 x 2 W rj .22 < a® 5 tpi ■% as ~ “■o o^-o tj«aSo T3 rt © d gSga-d x © © © § £ c.'X g a © a c3 g o a*S>*a m « © £x £ O ^ “ m 0-2 0 §>£“ © 3<„ © >2 ■g£°33 5 w w s a 60 fl "S u- o ©•ggog §§■23“ ■w k wfS s Sflas* 2 -| tgfc o ■ cj . j-i a£5 a a © © "K to ® O x c © a cs §a©|l§ Sgiajg 2§pp jlSl* S °d eC ®t? u a”o X © © g-glB , T JS C3 O 8-s © ^3 O « §.2 22 u “2I&I* IgslEa -2° 5 05 TJ a •Sg’s'S’S 1^2 S-| « fe & ®js |i,-i t|s © .3 © £-. ^ '3 ^ © © © m© © -g fc S-d c3: >-^'3^2 s*at§lS § fc'O o ® .'S * flZgl^S •g-ga x ©dgo-Sag -J3 ©-I^§oo®i'©5l “S5c cn *5 a > f-h ^ "tf o T3 CO o ^ u 8§§‘3§-Bgl^5's| ^•2go_c6Q©c3X-£C .t2£?ot2-“X~3S.o3fc, c § XB gx^^aSoe 3^ s-Sa ^'d- a fe‘a-: S'g.S|g'3.|c3|©g — © ri„ -’P*J f* ©"S So £‘",.2+^ca§ -» i g g « — o mX«2 22 aa«5j I§^4'5xbSo ?'0i-lh.2cC:is-='0 g> ,2 o 53“ S Qftcs^o © S 2 Sx X-'S ©-^o a© ►S © HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 83 Table 3 .—Faculty, enrollment , and degrees: aggregate United States , 1951-52 and 1953-54 Item All institutions, 1953-54 All insti¬ tutions, Public Private Total 1951-52 • 2 3 4 5 Number of institutions _ _ _ 667 1,204 1,871 1,832 Faculty November 1953: Total number of different persons _ 140, 273 127, 755 268, 028 246, 337 General administration _ _ . . . . . 6,225 10,383 16, 608 21, 456 Resident instruction, total . . . 109, 088 101, 320 112, 894 107, 227 221, 982 208, 547 Courses of college grade, total _ _ 184, 826 Department heads, professors, instructors... 87, 464 94, 564 182, 028 Full-time equivalent _ _ 70, 719 69, 685 lJfi, 304 0) Junior instructional staff (assistants, fel- 13, 856 12, 663 26, 519 Courses of non-college grade (vocational and adult-education) _ _ _ ..... 3, 920 1,640 5, 560 5,833 3,848 14,988 4, 027 8, 386 7, 875 23, 374 Extension: Giving courses . . . 8, 934 3,234 9,116 394 2,748 35 11,682 3,269 9, 200 472 Agriculture and home economics J _ _ County agents: * agriculture, home demonstra¬ tion, 4-H... 84 Others in extension service. _ _ .. 78 Correspondence, short courses, and individual lessons.. _ _ _ _ 5, 041 3,348 8, 389 Elementary and secondary instruction: High school grades unified with junior college... . 562 812 1,374 Laboratory, demonstration, training schools: Elementary, including nursery and kinder¬ garten... .. . . . . . 2, 605 911 3, 516 2,608 430 Secondary.... 1, 965 285 643 Other faculty _ _ _ _ 145 Summer session 1953, courses of colleoe grade: Main session _ _ _ 26, 592 39, 552 17, 335 28, 108 43, 927 67,660 All sessions . . . . . . . . (3) Enrollment Summer session(s) 1953, college grade _ _ 484, 864 322,860 807, 724 890,392 Special and unclassified, November 4 _ 63, 584 80, 140 143, 724 191, 798 Resident students: Resident, college grade: November, total _ _ 1,175, 736 1,042, 551 2, 218, 287 8 2, 116, 440 Academic year, total _ _ _ _ 1, 374, 500 1, 160, 209 2, 534, 709 « 2, 319, 496 Undergraduate: November, total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 072, 155 858, 031 214, 124 1, 241, 531 922, 300 708, 037 214, 263 1, 994, 455 1, 566, 068 428, 387 Full time Part time _ _ _ . Academic year _ _ _ _ 1,014,917 2, 256, 448 i 2, 086, 761 First-time students: 8 November, total _ _ 335,863 244, 672 580, 535 8 472, 025 Full time 284, 655 51, 208 394, 087 208, 046 492, 701 87, 834 668, 962 Part time _ 36, 626 274, 875 Academic year _ _ _ _ _ 534,244 Graduate: November. _ _ _ _ 103, 581 132, 969 120, 251 145, 292 223, 832 278, 261 Academic year _ 233, 778 Veterans, academic year: * World War II (P. L. 16 and 346) _ 50,388 89, 168 139, 556 388, 747 Korean conflict (P. L. 550 and 894) 119,036 118, 940 77, 589 43, 447 196, 625 162, 387 Adult education (noncollege grade), November Extension: November, total . . . . . 167,319 126, 340 40, 979 374, 188 36, 179 26, 560 9,619 68,494 203, 498 152, 900 50, 598 442, 682 College grade . . . . . Noncollegiate _ _ .. Academic year, college grade and noncollegiate _ 664,580 Academic year, college grade and noncollegiate _ See footnotes at end of table. 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 3.— -Faculty, enrollment , and degrees: aggregate United States , 1951-52 and 1953—54 — Continued Item All institutions, 1953-54 All insti¬ tutions, 1951-52 Public Private Total * 2 3 4 5 Resident and extension, college grade: 1, 203, 558 336, 476 1, 302, 076 96, 855 1, 047, 143 235, 057 1, 069, 111 39, 920 2, 250, 701 571, 533 2, 371, 187 136, 775 11 2, 116, 440 11 472, 025 3d week of fall term,1 2 3 4 5 * * 8 * 10 11 first-time students only 12 _ Correspondence courses, November. _ 184,336 College grade _ _ _ _ _ 77, 945 18, 910 16, 839 23, 081 94, 784 41, 991 157,048 27,288 Noncollegiate _ _ _ . Short courses, November _ ... 48, 071 3, 427 62, 752 8,896 15, 696 45, 695 56, 967 19, 123 108, 447 192,354 48, 634 77, 438 Individual lessons only, November _ _ _ SUBCOLLEGIATE 13__ . . .. . . . . . .. Earned degrees conferred Bachelor’s and ist professional, total . 148, 260 144, 620 292, 880 331,924 Men.. _ _ _ _ _ _ 89, 874 58, 386 97, 626 46, 994 187, 500 105,380 227, 029 104, 895 Women. _ _ _ _ Master’s and 2d professional, total. _ 30, 701 26, 122 56, 823 63, 587 Men _ ... _ _ _ .. . . . . 20, 578 10. 123 17, 569 8, 553 38, 147 18, 676 43, 591 19,996 Women. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Doctor’s, total _ _ _ _ 4, 656 4, 340 8,996 7,683 Men.. _ _ _ _ _ 4, 339 317 3, 842 498 8, 181 815 6,969 714 Women... _ _ _ 1 No comparable figure for 1951-52. Full-time equivalent of the total 246,337 faculty members in 1951-52 (including faculty for administration, junior instructional staff, organized research, etc.) was 200,198. 2 Land-grant institutions only. 3 A noncomparable figure of 64,349 is discussed in the text. 4 The phrase “special and unclassified” is a more exact designation of the group which, in former publi¬ cations of this series, was termed “special.” (See “Some Basic Definitions,” in the Appendix.) Beginning with data for November 1953, the students in the “special and unclassified” group have not only been sepa¬ rately categorized (as in the past), but are also included in the count of “undergraduate” and “graduate” students, according to the level of work pursued. They are also included, insofar as appropriate, in the count of veteran students of college grade. 5 Third week of fall term. (No November data were collected in 1951.) 0 The directions on the data-collection form for 1951-52 requested the elimination of duplicates (i. e., students registered both as undergraduates and as graduate students — either simultaneously, or in differ¬ ent parts of the same academic year). In consequence, the total enrollment for the academic year is not exactly the sum of the separate figures for undergraduate and graduate. 2 Includes all special and unclassified students. 8 Included as part of undergraduate enrollment. 8 Included as part of other college-grade enrollment categories (undergraduate, first-time, etc.). i° Beginning with the fall of 1953, the directions requested registrars to include extension students of col¬ lege grade in their report of 3d-week (fall) enrollment. (Previously, registrars had been requested to exclude extension students from their fall enrollment report.) 11 Does not include extension students of college grade. See footnote 10 above. 12 It is probable that the number of first-time students is somewhat understated with respect to the exten¬ sion component. In some institutions, it appears that data regarding the number of first-time extension students of college grade were not available (though the count of total extension students of college grade was complete). 13 Enrollment in nursery, elementary, and secondary schools operated and controlled by institutions of higher education. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 85 Table 4. — Faculty , students , and degrees, by region and State: 1953-54 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS Earned Degrees Con¬ ferred (Men and Women) Doc¬ tor’s or equiv¬ alent Od 8,998 8,995 3, 005 230 612 172 1,462 484 42 3 Mas¬ ter’s or second profes¬ sional a© eo a© e* a© ao r* CO CO us us 18, 779 949 103 3, 555 151 1, 115 9, 628 2, 982 121 175 Bache¬ lor’s or first profes¬ sional r*» ® MS a© ** ao ao o OS CD n e* 1 ® s 00 00 ^iOhOOhhOJOh COI^WOCOWOOO O^OiOrtOOiOCftH ^ CO . uscohioocooh of rH CO of US r-H cf Indi¬ vidual instruc¬ tion eo CO CO of of 4, 078 CO < r-H INOOOHIO rf ICO 1 Tt' (MOO rH os ' CO 1 ^ OS 1 1 Short courses N ©• r» co r* os ©• CO CO US US 7,437 209 51 1,084 2,539 1,041 2, 463 16 34 Resident College-Grade Enrollment Veterans 1 (Fall 1953) Under Public Laws 550 and 894 (men and women) a 142,405 141,409 31, 861 u^oscoosososost^os fOCOCOfOMMtHNiO ocococoi>oscooor oT co of CO r-i os CO Men i 1 gf £5 405, 746 22, 946 4, 376 60, 768 5, 537 31,412 177,314 92, 782 6, 478 4, 133 3d week of fall term, 1953 i (men and women) CO O S o o' rf us cs O* o* 622,348 32, 699 7,168 92, 869 8,206 45, 571 286, 168 131,943 10, 858 6,866 Academic year 1953-54 Women 910,489 901,246 226,986 10, 160 2, 896 31,528 2, 553 15, 464 113, 745 44, 161 3, 562 2, 917 a a> 2 - 1,624,220 1,613,466 454,161 •ONOiONNOSOSOO 1 OS 00 O CO os o>-He*s 73,036 7,321 3, 753 1,396 8, 632 2,600 5, 543 1,143 346 Indi- vidual instruc¬ tion CO 10, 153 3, 162 1, 923 1,207 345 94 192 225 146 215 1,350 96 1,198 3, 163 156 75 374 120 402 77 4 Short courses N o © to 2, 227 259 105 2, 399 3, 067 561 150 4, 696 20 1,586 22,906 56 1, 292 12, 288 782 233 173 695 Resident College-Grade Enrollment Veterans 1 (Fall 1953) Under Public Laws 550 and 894 (men and women) 3 38, 016 6, 688 3,242 2, 019 1.966 4, 643 2. 967 3, 736 1,277 785 6, 873 879 2, 941 44, 156 3,309 1,436 187 2, 983 2,729 1,668 2, 431 1,612 Under Public Laws 16 and 346 (men and women) 32, 756 OifOCOlN'tcoCSiOHlNNOC 1 OWCOCOOXNOthOOOCO I>T CO r-T tjTi-HCO tC i-H 34, 352 1,490 874 154 3,110 1,523 1,506 1,594 2, 588 November 1953 First time in any college (men and women) as 167, 253 27, 960 16, 033 10, 188 10, 116 22, 941 11,757 14, 184 5,764 2, 874 30, 039 2, 576 12, 821 159,457 7, 930 5, 027 859 8, 798 9,826 6, 950 8, 962 7, 188 Undergraduate and graduate s a o GO 226, 680 46, 008 18, 849 13, 015 11,447 32, 207 16,120 20, 128 7, 347 2, 394 39,542 2, 865 16, 758 216, 616 11, 203 6,054 1, 184 13, 695 12, 854 10, 267 13, 667 10, 834 Men 398, 245 80, 740 39, 309 20, 853 18, 859 58, 706 25, 484 33, 936 11,549 4,604 72, 694 4, 581 26, 930 1 i 17, 213 9, 947 2,164 22, 318 21, 561 16, 085 21, 263 23,037 3d week of fall term, 1953 i (men and women) to 641,797 128, 039 59, 459 36, 392 30, 554! 99, 132 41, 898 53, 669 19, 417 7, 238 113, 168 7, 548 45, 283 576,567 28, 609 16, 274 4, 603 35, 778 34, 001 26, 653 36, 674 32, 978 Academic year 1953-54 Women 256, 728 53, 974 20, 827 15, 167 13, 433 37, 506 17, 816 22, 364 8, 551 2, 565 43, 973 2, 635 17, 917 241, 762 12, 553 7, 220 1,230 14, 648 15, 118 11, 884 15, 148 12,411 Men 452, 506 94, 531 43, 160 23, 744 21,737 67, 275 28, 452 39, 261 13, 224 5, 037 81, 808 4, 974, 29,303 413, 542 19, 511 11, 187 2, 305 25, 521 26, 109 18, 062 25, 132 26, 862 Total Faculty, November 19531 Women CO 18, 671 3, 451 1,532 1,222 1,265 1,892 1, 754 1,784 991 248 2, 671 263 1,598 19, 113 1,111 560 76 1,053 1,203 1,091 1,202 1,438 Men w 59, 727 OOOOOONINH^COWNOJ ICOICOCOMWNOO^OON ^ojioo^n^hcocdnoo co coco toco ‘o'csf oT ^ 52, 246 2, 468 1,624 433 3,200 3, 279 2, 450 3, 396 3,869 Region and State - North Cen¬ tral . Illinois. . . Indiana . . . Iowa _ _ Kansas . Michigan . . Minnesota . Missouri.. . Nebraska _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ South Dakota . Wisconsin . South . Alabama . . Arkansas . . Delaware _ Florida . . Georgia . . . Kentucky . Louisiana _ _ Maryland . HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 87 194 70 2 132 228 60 10 159 1,314 i i i i i i i i 479 1,012 1,110 309 1,440 4, 974 422 565 1,107 7,424 SlISS-llsls covr 1 § i : :« !§Bs§gIi g T«o-eouj jokin' co 39, 523 IrIISISsIIsI ^HOOtjT hcono 2, 097 i s ; igi 1,-r IIssIbSb 1 co c e Other Enrollments (Men and Women) Resi¬ dent subcol- legiate s W US US CO r* h ** CO CO 9, 859 766 245 1,012 285 2, 702 4, 108 718 23 24, 455 2,849 2, 270 1,353 886 2, 597 3, 471 llSs “3 November 1953 Correspondence and extension Non- col¬ legia te US 59,889 59, 083 15, 893 320 523 258 5,659 9, 133 27, 316 2, 095 1, 929 153 4, 429 6,925 484 3, 654 Col¬ legiate 2 us ® QO CO N CO N W 15, 848 2,479 1,269 816 498 787 3, 496 5, 246 1,187 70 60, 653 6,435 6, 642 3, 215 4,909 9,175 11,216 2,’ 873 -V. Indi¬ vidual instruc¬ tion s r- N N es e*s :::::: j j j j j j !:!!!! : : : : ; : ! 1 ! g of 97 160 340 288 47 10 Short courses 48, 071 47,881 2,438 45 51 129 csf : ! 12,549 81 isii i! f J i t; ; ; l r Resident College-Grade Enrollments Veterans 1 (fall 1953) Under Public Laws 550 and 894 (men and women) - 84,441 83,688 7, 533 818 317 581 269 481 3,030 1,635 224 178 i 5 * 2,834 1,739 1,197 1,765 3,366 2, 290 1,678 986 Under Public Laws 16 and 346 (men and women) o 48,640 48, 020 5,030 325 149 326 128 707 2,712 527 78 78 13, 920 890 2,115 685 866 2, 852 1,267 641 — November 1953 First time in any college (men and women) 335,863 330,978 39,799 2, 895 1,260 3,364 1,106 2,277 20, 095 7,150 715 937 96,462 14, 637 7, 958 5, 198 7, 625 15, 876 6,315 *$2 Undergraduate and graduate Women QO 438, 292 431,103 69, 079 4, 469 1,451 4, 733 1,431 4, 971 40, 687 8, 984 963 1,390 I 1 § Hisses n Men r- Od ^ O? CG W N 90, 329 7,335 2, 492 5, 235 2,206 5,178 50, 169 14, 247 1,535 1,932 224, 974 30, 285 20, 743 12, 821 16,041 43, 394 16, 490 12, 274 1 7, 967 3d week of fall term, 1953 i (men and women) CO 1,203,558 1,185,876 170, 398 12, 686 3,904 10, 000 3, 903 10, 459 99, 061 23, 520 3, 678 3, 187 363, 604 49, 854 33, 796 19, 237 24, 121 76, 752 25, 609 19, 396 1 3. 022 Academic year 1953-54 Women US 512,554 504,591 79, 407 5, 171 1,504 4, 704 1,477 5, 418 49, 041 9, 704 985 1,403 141,176 20, 905 12, 360 7, 724 9,395 29, 652 9, 905 8, 537 Men - 861,946 851,890 108, 205 8,152 2, 611 5,324 2, 362 5, 960 63, 944 16, 262 1,636 1,954 258, 267 35, 699 23, 223 14, 409 18, 563 1 19, 030 16, 181 1 9, 340 mm Total Faculty, November 1953 Women *s r« S OO SS Oi OS OS 4, 358 3SSSlllgg T 179,349 7, 899 107,310 10, 983 3, 552 3,820 816 5, 727 10,072 9,738 17, 139 2, 293 7, 923 2 651 106 113 5,755 2,527 6,908 60, 835 5, 619 28, 455 351,541 IlSSlsIlllsIlaSI 1 292, 531 13, 204 179,783 17, 689 5, 593 5,996 1,321 8, 151 15, 956 13, 549 27, 847 3,442 7, 802 17,882 304 369 260 12, 130 4,619 2,387 22, 160 1,709 11, 164 144,227 SllfesglilllSlIsI I oo to os" to oT i>T o' ooT oo ^ oo* >o 139, 777 5, 042 93,396 7, 543 1,468 2, 526 533 2, 914 8, 018 5, 981 10,517 1,839 8 223 108 131 6,057 2,444 4, 870 44, 973 3, 973 18, 765 259, 491 iiiSseiiaiiillli § 217, 962 8, 784 132, 742 12, 702 3,877 4,351 940 6,863 11,739 12,623 20, 416 2, 925 7, 965 i o 651 106 127 6,311 2, 861 239 1,278 187 1,036 11,818 slsgEsllglSsSIlI s -r 5,972 SS3S3S3388§ CO i 25 11 9 492 169 ' 6, 297 638 3, 461 32,982 sllllllslllllSsI 8 J-H NNHrtHHNNHOiOfi 23, 409 710 13, 282 2, 040 526 637 176 847 1,687 994 2,148 362 1,121 1 _r _ 122 20 18 729 377 North Dakota _ Ohio . - . South Dakota.. . Wisconsin— - i s j j j 1 j j j 1 i i | l Hi fl!|ill -cJ.ciQfcOWjSSfcC South Carolina - Tennessee - Texas - Virginia _ _ West Virginia - District of Colum¬ bia _ WEST . Arizona . . California . Colorado _ _ Idaho . . Montana . . . rMevaaa _ New Mexico _ Oregon - Utah . . Washington - Wyoming . . U. 8 . Service Schools . Outlying parts of United States _ jr ji HI Puerto Rico... . Territory of Hawaii. Table 4. — Faculty , students , and degrees , by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 H > Ph d Earned Degrees Con¬ ferred (Men and Women) Doc¬ tor’s or equiv¬ alent « 4,340 4,340 2,677 213 1 ID 1 O* ID b- Ol CO 1 O • CO i nH CO CO II 8 CO 1- i i ;~s I • 1 • 1 1 ■ i i i i i ■ i *; ] f :■ : fF : ■ 7- Mas¬ ter’s or second profes¬ sional QO N N CD CD w ** 15, 277 671 3,214 70 856 7,846 2,432 60 128 II <£> CO 05 CO 2, 010 303 114 150 48 548 w Bache¬ lor’s or first profes¬ sional r* 1 5 ^ 3S 61, 535 2,764 614 12, 633 819 4, 728 22, 912 15, 138 1, 387 540 1 CO 10, 051 4, 184 2,191 906 2,867 2, 642 3,866 04 K Other Enrollments (Men and Women) Resi¬ dent snbcol- legiate cd at at CD CD *D W5 11, 281 05*^05 lOOOrf »OCi ONO i OOiiOOSCO ^ *-H O iNOOO r-T i iccf 12, 842 4, 891 327 123 1,539 904 788 673 i an* November 1953 Correspondence and extension Non- col- legiate »Q O O o ® r» N CD CD 4, 873 21 10 2,260 363 530 1, 689 12, 710 8,900 36 16 36 70 3, 474 Col¬ legiate a 43,399 43,399 12, 836 93 68 2,367 78 1,304 2,152 5, 801 965 8 20, 366 13, 404 191 3, 409 118 18| 804 973 20l Indi¬ vidual instruc¬ tion cd at at qo CD CD W5 US 1 00 ° CO at 661 47 1, 428 980 15 7,961 3, 065 1, 763 867 57 94 192 178 136 Short courses w 8,896 8,896 4, 999 164 lie iO»H^cO 1 1 *0 iCOTto 809 ‘fl 3, 854 1, 503 822 201 1, 277 677 2, 158 901 Under Public Laws 16 and 346 (men and women) S W ** cd CD CD CD GO QO 40, 768 1,492 17 6,426 34 4, 226 18, 224 10, 040 271 38 18, 836 6, 519 1,118 448 66 2, 102 296 2, 990 154 November 1953 First time in any college (men and women) at W IQ o* qo CD QO e* *** D* N 92, 366 4, 442 1, 083 19, 930 1,365 7, 666 32, 763 21, 578 2,314 1, 225 70, 791 CO IQ O HIQNNC IQ- N Cl Undergraduate and graduate Women 00 ^ ID CD QO »D W fC CD ID ID eo cd 132, 197 4, 681 1,320 25, 391 1,043 8, 454 57, 267 30, 031 2,513 1, 497 103, 621 28, 576 7,649 6,341 3, 575 7,133 7, 694 13, 016 2. 820 Men r* ® D* at at at d* oo 3? CD CD 315, 417 15, 611 1,884 55, 533 3, 331 26, 234 127, 145 78, 535 4, 943 2,201 173, 271 50, 455 18, 566 8,032 2,818 15, 312 8, 994 21, 662 3. 682 3d week of fall term, 1953 1 (men and women) cd S SI *£ !2 s s 451, 950 20, 013 3,264 82, 869 4, 303 35, 112 187, 107 108, 423 7,180 3, 679 278, 193 78, 185 25, 663 17, 155 6, 433 22, 380 16, 289 34, 273 «. SOS Academic year 1953-54 Women 397, 935 396,655 147, 579 4,989 1,392 26, 824 1,076 10, 046 64, 704 34, 457 2,577 1,514 115, 552 O5r^c000Tf<*H£-:C coco^coic^c^c ^ 005 C5 00- CO 00 r>t>cc CC CO rH l S 3 - CO I r* r» D* iD D* o CD 345, 956 co co co co co ^ | Tt i i i i i i ■ i i i i i • • : : : : : : : 1 Is i i : j i SIS i | 1 V 882 :Sj58$§22S3§§3 ; | l-H 1 r-H 18 of CD C5 i i i : : : ,-r II! :§s?§ : *a§ O | j | m 1 tO sa i ill”ISI=3!sss 2 5§e i 1 i _r 1 >118 i 1 o ! S list Scooo^ 1 ® CO' 1C s’ §ISIIIslSRlIg|§l 11 (N ^'co'c-f cfco cico >o oVW Tf 1 1 2 CO IS *1111 is C>l-f ! •ill : of of CO 1 g jg 1 8 S!Si§E3iagSSES8S 81 «H CO >o' T*' <*' (N 00' CM" O lC U3 of 00 IS SIS!1 is coco' ! 52^3 : HIOIOIO 1 Csfco'TtT | is Ir-f ins u ® i i § IkIIssISsSsIISIS s| ^co'^'r-'o'-T ©' 1 1 sf g§iii ;i S“" i !§il i TJTCO'CO' 1 I il 1111 S3"2 1 f SllllgSlIlisllll l| t-'eo' 2 d °r 2 2 2~ °° 2 £ g 2 § II 8 sSsls il isSI i CO t>of j ! il Sllg S “ 1 s* =§3RsS!ss§!§i!§i S cdiouoioioe4'cTfd>d'odcD<»00t>*00 t^WNW^HCOCO ICO 00 C3 1 Public r* 5, 132 5, 061 965 140 42 94 31 62 356 193 40 7 2,053 OOCON40©H(NrHTt<00© Faculty Mem¬ bers (Exclusive of Staff for Elementary or Secondary In¬ struction) Private cs oo r* o eo co 61,740 OO GO OO CD C4 Cb O CO CO CO OO^GOOOONHO CO H^COiO^’-tOlN^ || CO « 2 |g 9,898 2, 526 1,643 914 2,265 1,742 4, 976 957 38 5, 968 248 2, 191 Public 40 151,979 149,928 18,091 C^iOi-tCOCSC^T^C^CO © iOC)iOOO(NCOr-(0^ CO iOiOCOCDM^CbiON OO »-r i-T fHodc^T © 40 ©4ocs*c^©coe*f^40©4oco HCOCOCOMOOOOiOeOMN Tf^000540i040C005I>»OSCO 00 40 co C0'©'«tf0f03‘ CO ^ Number of Different Persons on Faculty Private - 40 ® 40 H r* © w e* 58,373 MOOOOOSHHiOOOS ^ CDCDOO(NHONClrH L- rHCOQiONNCOO^ 40 CO rH~ CO COCO rH rH H CS rH || CO C000t^c0c005c005050040»-H CD^NO5HO5(NN(NCO(N00 CO CO © CO 00 t>*03C5 Os'lNH OfrH^ 40 rH* Public eo 140,273 138, 301 16,164 1, 517 526 1,295 509 806 7, 504 2,863 499 645 46,824 C0^C000©t>»©©C^4O»O© tP^ONhNNOOONCIO) C^rHC0rfCOt>'»t"M©4O00Tti t^*4o co coco co ofof CO ^ j Total N 268,028 265,911 74,537 4,680 894 13, 283 1,038 4, 517 31, 295 16, 238 1,528 1,064 78, 398 16, 909 7, 492 4,780 4, 271 8, 329 5. 476 7,205 3,165 931 12, 313 1,050 6. 477 Region and State - Aggregate United States _ Continental United States - Northeast . Connecticut . . . . Maine . - . . . Massachusetts _ _ New Hampshire _ _ New Jersey . . . . New York... _ _ Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . . . Vermont . North Central . Illinois _ _ _ Indiana . . . . Iowa _ _ _ _ _ Kansas . . . Michigan _ _ Minnesota . . . Missouri. . . . Nebraska. . . North Dakota . . Ohio . . . South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 93 Table 5.— Faculty , by type of position, control of institution, region, and State: November 1953 Continued 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Faculty Members for Elementary or Secondary Instruction Laboratory, Demonstration or Training School Secondary Private TO to to 1 s s 47 20 OOOtH |,H | 119 05 05 1C 04 rH 100*0 i i i 13 1 11 Public TO 1,965 1, 937 | 239 1 04 05 CD O 04 1 CO O 00 1 970 NO^OOOiONCCONNW *0 00 50 04 04 00 00 *0 CO O *C Elementary, Kindergarten, and Nursery Private 30 911 911 241 59 H000 05H rH lO 05 270 00^^*0*0040400 O rH rH 04 H 25 1 56 Public C5 w US O* © r^ © *D n e* 726 OCUNHMOWOON r-H 04 rH 1 922 05tDNWNO^OHO*HX OCCrH04 05Q0*004040404rH High School Grades of Unified High School— Junior College Private GO W N w GO GO 155 1 | COhOO i 1 hiQCDh i 245 04 CO 00 CO CD rH 05 04 HHHCG 'lOH ; 04 Public N o* e* CD CD 161 • i 04 r#< iiOOCO i i CD ihC4H i i i > i i i I i i i I • i i • l i t— j j || Other Extension Faculty * Private «D w 197 197 129 ONOI ! ! 04 i I i i i i l ^ iiii iii i i i i 04 i i i iiii iii iiii iii i i i i » i i i i i i i Public W5 W 13, 744 13,415 1,207 OO^TfN i OO O OO OO t^t^04© i co co (M cd t-H 1 ^ CO 1 3,836 coo50Ncowo505ooeooc4 04TO04rt- 1 1 1 1 TJ1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 till till II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 till II 1 till till II 1 40 cc Cl 8 i Cl 1 © CO CO 1 1 II III 1 II 1 1 I i © 1 1 'CO 1 ^ 1 > i i 1 © i i i i ii i i II III 1 II 1 1 II III 1 II 1 1 II III 1 II 1 1 II III 1 II 1 1 II III 1 II 1 1 II III 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 ©~ 1 HT^OOHiCCOCON^ONNCCeOCCS 1 Tfr-H" d 1 rH 1 40 40 © 1 rH Tf rt* TJH d Cl Cl I 189 ‘Z CO CO CO Tt< ^ CO CO © CO 05 d d 00 CO 05 CO © NNOOSOOCOWNHOOcOiONOO rH rH rH d d rH d©d © Cl cT CO 05 CO £*• CO Ih rH t**- d 05 05 NChhC^htJiOJCOOh HIOW H(N r* Cl OOOOrH ©t^ | 900 ‘I 05 rH © © © rH © 1 ■ d © © l d ^0 rH co i t co co i !>• lO II 1 rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 CO © Cl OO 00 © © I"- 05 »O00C0rHC0C000»C(N00 05NH05OC0 1 NCU^OHNWOOOOINCONCiOH I HN ^^hNhW^DhhhNhh 1 i Tt< C'l CO cT CO©COClrHOO©^H©d© HaXOOCONiOCUN^ rH 00 rH rH CO rH (M © s Cl © © rH CO© CO 3 fflNMaj-aooffl’rrjisu) © •T CO COW CO ■<}< HC0 05 ^ CM 1 1 1 hNcONOOHO 1 CO 05 00 1 HHIOH-^NCO 1 CO TH rH i 1 1 40 40 © Cl © 00 Cl © Cl rH 1 i I i I I I i I I i I l I 03 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i ri i iitiii*iiii«i O i i i i i i i C3 i c3 i i i • rj , ::::: :.S -3 : : ; : ; :~'o j-s : : \B o h : ! &>c3’2 a « s : ' Sf o S i C3 S3 o § §-530 §Q s ;*£ t> j£ * isiiififiai fafi« i i 1 1 1 ? ! CtJ jfegc J.© O.C I’S’S.S I002 c e cr 5 ii ! >1 ii ifc 1 > i |g i 1 % ) ° .£ ;op c bC C m 03 > § fl § 5s “ s«2 S iS« ? S =0$ i & ® : t>' 1 > I ! c: ■a < s II :c I >c : fs ' <3 o5 3 ° P5 £“ o S 1 2 i ^ >Ph&h 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 © ■hi 8 ■hi "8 = 8 e .© £ hi "8 e 8 VO « 3 H Resident College-Grade Students, First Time in any College November 1953 Part-time Women UO wr- so oo us N os os 7, 453 o*oocouso*oousr^oo S YH CoVh 9, 946 CON'fNOirJ'-HNOONO COINCONCh^hCO 1- »H CO 00 05 OJ 03 Ol us 0* ^ t>. of i-T of Men 3 50,271 49, 938 14, 523 885 2 3,497 25 1,813 5, 986 2, 245 63 7 11,382 C5C00*US03O00C0rHUSC5a5 ( TT1 CO CO OO CO ^ 00 O* US us 1^0 COO f-H CO of r-T of CO Full-time Women os 194,221 192, 009 40, 244 ususcOyhuscocooco NlNOOi^CHOCS GO 1-T N of CO 00 59,167 ooTt-uscoo^T^usi^-cou»oico OOO^Ot-h^hOCOCOOOO CD Tf ODO Ot Ol ^ H 05 C5 O rH us Tjf Ttf 00 US CO" of rf cT US Men o 344,844 341, 761 81, 685 rt<00»0^aSr*y-1 00 Tt< CO* C5 (NNhMCOUSO^MOCOCO «hhoo^°05N(NM«0 ^00 05 0)05^^hNOC0O OOfuSUS^COtCcOrH^frHlC Academic year Women o* $3 OO OS OCO CO us N M 53, 682 2, 632 952 8, 666 934 3, 554 23, 999 10, 893 1,070 982 75,670 ^USOIOOIOOONOOOCIO COHCOCOCONONQOOCOUS COCONWOOUSCOOIOOOO ^ CO" T}f Tjf of US cd* of rH of »H us Men QO us 05 O* 0 ao o o 98, 229 5,621 1,432 15, 867 1,631 7, 803 38, 664 23, 829 2, 128 1, 254 112,637 OON-^COOIUSOOCOOOW 005000WHNC1^CO^N OcOOOt^COCOCOUSOSCOt^O o hV so jo of co 1-f of thqo Total Resident College-Grade Enrollment November 1953 Women r* 795,853 787,388 CO S5 8 OHrf Tf lOrJ^iOCON usr^05C005C0TtCOOOOCt^^05USCOCOUS05 cf of cf 00 00 US CO h Tjf of ■ Tjf CO 00 CO 01 rH US 01 CO rH U- 0* 3d week of fall term 1 Women US 818,227 808,456 211, 968 CO GOOCO N O 00 00 CO OOOOOCOIOOOOU- Of Of nf Of CO~ ^%H of CO rH O ^ 239,245 47, 358 19, 531 14, 950 11,596 37, 534 16, 527 20, 067 7, 765 2, 474 39, 972 2,943 18, 528 Men - GO 5 S wV OS Of 410, 380 0000500^00*0>0c0 CiOCJONNOCHri OOCONiOOiOXOOH of tjT h us h of o' CD V 0} CO CO 00 05 402,552 80, 681 39, 928 21, 442 18, 958 61, 598 25, 371 33, 602 11, 652 4, 764 73, 196 4,605 26, 755 Academic year Women os 910,489 901,246 226, 986 10, 160 2,896 31, 528 2,553 15, 464 113, 745 44, 161 3, 562 2,917 256,728 ^r^t^cococOTt- noicdcoohccu:cdnwh O5Q0iHTtr of 00 of cd of uf US Ol rH H CO H OJ T*< 1H Men w O 50 N SO Of eS S3 CO CO I9T ‘W 24, 695 4, 587 64, 600 5,739 34,577 204, 997 103, 829 6,969 4, 168 452,506 94, 531 43, 160 23, 744 21, 737 67, 275 28, 452 39, 261 13, 224 5,037 81, 808 4,974 29,303 Region and State - Aggregate United States _ _ _ Continental United States _ Northeast . . Connecticut . . . . Maine.. . . . Massachusetts . New Hampshire _ New Jersey... _ _ New York _ Pennsylvania. . . . Rhode Island . Vermont . North Central . . . Illinois . . . Indiana . . . Iowa . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . Michigan . . Minnesota . . . Missouri . . Nebraska . . North Dakota . . . Ohio. . . . South Dakota . . . Wisconsin . . . HIGHER EDUCATION- FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 97 o o © (CffliOiONTliMNOOOfflWOHNH COI CM i co" 270 11, 228 95 34 186 32 322 321 561 139 II 1 CM CM © ©" CO CM © © CO CM t>- © 00 © 00 ^S* CM © CM ©»-H©ao©i-H©CM©t^©t^T* ^ HH CO CO CM 00 rH © HNHH GO I CO 1 © 00 © CM 00 t"- i © © FH CM © N OO C CM © iOO^hON CM CO CM i CO © CM 1 i ! CO CO CO CD ^ Tt< 00 1-H CM iH © © CO © CM S ©lotomooooooM'^O'tcoicNM r* HiOTfHNOtOOllOONCO'l'O® o n co co os t-' i-~ cc co 05 ot ^ t-i os os eoi-T cfeoefeocfci'OT'eo nVoVh i-T © CO $ T* © © © © © CM © 00 ^ CM CM © © CM ^ ^ © © i-h © © CM CO 00 © 00 CO T* CO 1-H oocm" cm cm"^ CM CM CM cnhcoo CO © © © CO ©" 00 lO'liOiOOMfflNOJHOMMO)®^® OT r-IKIfflTfCOtDOHiOM-CSHrtMp 00 o ot co ^ r-no ot Tf tji ot oo co oo in r- TjTeo ^ioeo«Qeoeoi>tfea i-T is © g“ 00 © ^ CO © © rH CM © CM © © »“H © QQ CO CM 00 00 © ©COt^©COCM^COCOOO© cm‘'^'co»-h'i-4' i-T co" co ©~ CM I 3 CM © GO CM CO © © rH t>. © ^ © © © s s NOSOONOiONUJOTfflWOCHHUJN -',^‘ r-T© CM" t-T CM CM"t}T ii CM Sg10^ 00 © CM © © £>» OT OT C<5 OT OT OT O t-- OT OT OT i-H OT OT C<5 - rF CM cm © CO r-T ^ CO CO CO CO* © ^ cm' Tji" JO^ icT cm' cm' © s§ ©©CO©©rHr-.©rH©00 ©C0©COCM©t^©00©CM ©OOrH©CMrHt^OOCOCO© r-TtCco i-T cm" co" ©~ CO 1 CO CM © CM rH CM © 00 © © © © © N © CM I - CM © 00 © rH © © © © © 00 00 CM CM t* © © i-* oo co co ^ i-h © © h © o © © © cm r-. Tt< CM CM © CM © ^ © CO ©© CM rH CM rfi © CM ©co r^i>Tir© © tj^oo© ^jT© ©'©co co © a 00 CO©©©©COCMCM©©r>. lO^^CCOCO^iOCOOOCOH ©©©©OOCOOO©t^COOO CM" 1-H rjT rH I-H rH tjT rC © © CO cm" ll ^ CO CO © ©© cor^©^HQ0 rH CM 00 CM © © © CM co © t*< i> ^ oo © © co © © co co © © 00 © © © © CO CO CM © CO © ^ © CO © CM © H © 00 CM © 00 © CM © © rH © © rH © ^CD rH CO of© CO ©'t>r00'^H'00 2j'©'2j'l>r ©" © oo cm" COO»NMOO>OIO®’1IN NOOOONOTiOt'MONO) OTOrtOOT^miOOTOTW Tjfofofcfcf of oo tCcc i-T 00 1-H 1 © © 1 00 ll CQOOOTOOT woSno HHHOON io ef 3 CM © CO CO t" t»* 00 1-1 OT CO t" Tt< OT C<5 OT N (M CO OT tJ< i-h hH OT i-H CO 00 OT CO OT 00 OT i— l OT 50 00 OT NOTHCOIOONOU3OTOOONCCOTN O 55 ■ ® ^ Sf 55“ 2 55 8 : 3 i S‘ 8 2 gf S 22“ 2 55* 00 irseO'fOTOOTt^OTOOC^CO ssssjossas^ssos ©'^j'co'gj'CM" a © © © 00 © rH©COCOt>* ©CM JO CO cm ©00©^i-iCM00©C0t^©O00CM©|^ © CM O ^ i-f rH © 00 00 CM 00 © © CM Tt« Tf © © © r— • O CM co © ^ CM Tt< r-r©i-Hoo d'o'co ©00 00 rHOO ^ cfco: CO CO CO 00 ^ © CM 00 CM t>» rH © © i— *CMCM CO © ©COCM©t^T^©©CMOOCO ©"©"©" cm" cm" cm" go" 00 co" rn" 00 *-H w © 00 00 © rH © © t>-co gj © tCCM © 1 CO©Tfr© CO cm" 1-7© CM'CM’'CM*'^r»OCO'CM © 00© © HH CMCMrHCMCMr-,CMCMrHCMO0rHH CM fe : t-O0O0OT®OTu5O0®E'f' lOOTiCi— I'JifOOTiOOTCSCO lOiOOTiOMMrtiHOOOir-l oo" ^ ot Tjf to'^fefgj'ef © © t>r © r* GO © ©hht^-H gj © CJ © © © CM CM © CM CO©©0000^00r-iCOt^t^©©CM©00 © © CM CO Tt! 1-H 00 ^ i-h CM © © r-i CM ^ © CM CM © iH 00 *H © Tt< © © CM © © © © CM"tCr-f © r-f© cm ©"oTco"oo ©© ^"t>T o' »-t HH r1©rH i-H © I © ©* ©©©©OOCO-^t^COOO© co^r^»ot^co^t^©©co iH CO CO CO rH © iH CD © © CO © H H CM" CO CO cf © © rH Tt« CO CM © CM i-H rH CO Tt< © cm" s CO 5 rH *5 05 CM CM CM 1-H © CM © © © CO CM CO H 00 O CM © © CO © 1-H CM 00 © ^ CM i-h CM CM © rH CO © IH © t-H oo CM © CM ©© rH © © © © rnCM"© © 00 ©"© CO isT© CO © co ©W rf" rH rH CM CM rH CM CM i-H CM CM i-< CM © CM 1-H CM CM 8 |l OONCOHH©HOOO©JO CMtJ41^©©^©CO©^CM !-HCO©QO©©Tt i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i l I I i I I i I i i i i i I i I i i i i I 1 I l i i l I I l i l l I i i i l 1 I i i i i i 1 i l • i 1 l 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 03 • > i i i i i i i i i i i i i i *cr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 HH i i i t i i i i i i i i i i i i d 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 • H 1 ‘ 1 • 1 1 1 1 • e3 ' C3 1 ' 1 ! s : : : : : : : : :.g \n : : \s = i I • i : ■ :h| : ; \b c =3 52 2 1 r&g'SSSflSS '•£ e 3'alS8Sgs| sag! ls| t 1 ! v \ * i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 > • 1 1 1 O 1 1 H ! 1 ! ! 1 i ■ S i i M I Uri:« ii : las ; °§Sdl|iSg :fi sSs-a g > & s DC c c a c a p c E 1 l a ' a. ■ t 4 CO 1 ae •o o •w fl 3 V g Cm I ° 42 : | 5 s i | 5 1 3 3 > c i ? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 . : : : :« ) * i i ! aS i : : :w r | © jg’s 1 :rS '-2 b 1 £-sS2 SCSI'S 5«3s® HUOPh&h i Includes extension students of college grade. 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Table 6.— -Resident college enrollments and students first time in college , by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued B. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Resident College-Grade Students, First Time in any College November 1953 Part-time Women US r* cd US CO S*§! 1, 778 15 58 2 152 1, 519 27 5 4, 913 1,575 706 60 189 842 61 274 110 59 503 3 531 Men ^ 05 eo o cd eo N W 2,468 54 19 3 325 2, 050 13 4 5,456 COCOTttT^OOCOCCXNOiT^CO"* © »o cm © u- cm co h to cm Tt< © CM CM CO T-H U- lO Full-time Women CO 108, 648 106, 830 14,835 t'«OOCM©iOOOOOtOCM ^ lO^CDOOcDOOOOO H^io^OC5CD(NCO r-T t-T C© CM 00 00 © sf lOCOT*r-lCMTt-COTt<»-HOOCOt^ ^cDCOCMtOtOiHCMCO»Or-(C^ CMi-HCMC©©r^T-)rH©COCMCM N CO GO CO W H 00 H ^ 3d week of fall term * Women 3 w ao as hoT eO O* 17,009 1,187 472 1,600 464 1,068 8, 979 2, 591 286 362 36, 572 OOCOOOCO©COfHt^OOOOCOtO Ct^»OOOCOOOCM(N05NiH»0 ao*— »©t^r-H^Tfco©©©co lOCOfH CM CO CM CM 1-hVTiC CO Men o ^00 e© cd eo »o »oV o o 23,817 t^CM©COOOCOTtVNVo®>o«dooM®»V« ... ISIllISlill ^TeoKf^-er n®Vo?« $g||S IOC* SgslIIsRslIilill § of oo of j-T jo rt co j-T o co o' co of o ^ slIsSISslls odoj-Tcoco' io-oTcooccs g I IsSsl <0‘ -8 £ ! : «SfidS,sSg llllfSsglg,. . I i ! 1 1 i 1 1 s ra w w ll «o m >OPhEh 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 e "S c 8 e .2 T° s Qo P w H 3 §5 < « o w o w I O fr* B a Q s a PS November 1953 Part-time Women i© 13,986 13, 930 5, 675 517 8 1,115 103 640 2, 224 978 87 3 5,033 T-H^H^ooi^oo©r^THe©Osos |1 ©oit^cooi©r-© os 1 O i-l « r-l a> iH Men 2 ©« CO CO 1 of ©J 1 12,055 831 2 3, 478 22 1,488 3, 936 2 232 63 3 5,926 1, 316 390 38 41 804 17 422 54 2 2,701 6 135 Full-time Women e© 85,573 85, 179 | 25,409 OONHrHOiOOOlG)^ MCDCDCGNQOO^ t'~Tf400CO»OiOCOI>**0 io i-ToT to 26, 079 co oo co © -*t< © c© c© © © ^ 1 H©Hr}ofi-T 33,753 CO © © © © CO Ol Ol © CO © CO © CC CD GO P— ' CO ^ iO ‘O oo ©t-h©©©©OI© ©COOI © ©ofr-TcOOfcO © of 1 3d week of fall term > Women a r* © 1 S2 1 ©>©s 28,482 ©COt^OlTt<©©©OI ©l^»-H©00©©l©© H^H^OiOCCMG t-T CD of © CD 30, 465 iOtHN©COOO^OOO©0>tH oi©co©©oi©cr>©©r^co | CX)COiO^^NNO OO CO © I ©Ofofl4cfofcO»H © T-H Men o 139,510 139, 193 57,868 N CO iO H D r}< 00 rf< OOthNCO»OiCMC^ © © © © T* ^ © t>- eo of md'oo © t-T 38, 696 ©OICOr-<©©©©©©©CO oioo©oooioioor^©oi©^< CO©0©T^©10© HCO^ l> tJh" of i-Tt^ of CO oo of I Academic year Women ©s 108,284 107,854 34,096 t^OOOO©OlTHC©©OI lONDOCrf NND COrf ©Tf CCGC»HNiO i-T t>T of of oo 34, 127 ©©©00^©00©CO©P-© 1 ©CO©©Olrf<^©©©©© 1 Ol © 00 00 r-i t^co© 1 ufof of rH ofofco r-H © H | Men GO 166, 591 166, 206 70,783 3,598 615 14, 074 947 6, 374 24, 261 18, 578 1,656 680 45, 397 9,040 6, 076 3, 093 1,259 5, 107 2, 884 4,270 1,096 53 9, 442 401 2, 676 November 1953 Women »-< *© CO GO' *©0* 1 f^CO MS c©e© 1 Is Is 4, 681 1,320 25, 391 1,043 8, 454 57, 267 30, 031 2, 513 1, 497 103, 621 28, 576 7, 649 6, 341 3, 575 7, 133 7, 694 13, 016 2, 820 172 19, 315 861 6,469 Men ) © © ©* A OS OS o* I II 315, 417 15, 611 1,884 55, 533 3, 331 26, 234 127, 145 78, 535 4, 943 2,201 173, 271 ©©OlOOd^fOIOI©©©© ©©COi-HrH©CDCO©P-OI© Tt II 1 316, 461 ©co©^©^^^© r^©t^r-^oo»-<©©ao ©ioo©cir^©©ooi-i ©rH©CO©OQ©'©co©co QO©COrH©Tt<©OOr-HOO©lO oo of ©~ co' of CO ©* 1-T cf lOH rH Ol CO t-H Region and State - Aggregate United States - - - Continental United States - Northeast - - - - - Connecticut . . . . Maine _ _ _ _ --- -- Massachusetts _ _ _ ... - - New Hampshire _ _ _ _ New Jersey _ _ New York . . . . . . Pennsylvania . . . . . . . Rhode Island. - . . . . Vermont _ . - - - - --- North Central . . . . . Illinois _ . - _ _ _ Indiana _ _ ---- - - - - - Iowa _ - ---- - . . . Kansas.. ... _ . . . . . . - Michigan _ _ _ _ Minnesota.. . . . . Missouri-.. . . . . - - Nebraska . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . Ohio _ _ _ _ _ -. . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . - - Wisconsin . . . . . . J§ "o w 4>i e I 09 Q) 7 vO 3 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 101 1 o“^r^‘«o>ef od § s s§§!§ coco' ssSS ! efco-Td I g -r 8 1 S igalssllsaslIMII s ’dr-T rtffldNOHHddoVNN O 1 88 iiigi Isli ! Tdeo'co- ; ; i 1 88, 268 | llIgSIgslEgSlS!! 1 cdi-T ffloVddNWNVsVdcf od s s sggsl COCO sill i (nco-tF : ; g -d & 1-4 1 g IslESSIfilaSislsI 1 VrH OtoVcdoVHd^oVNN © § g mgs ss-" Isis i Tdco-«r j 1 1 1 s' SlSelS§gs§SsI|gl a -tfVd dddddNacdwcdddN o 1 ” mu In Ills i 1 TH 1 § S iggiiigiigiiisii § «3rH N« u> ©of hnVio ^goocd co 1 t h iisii 8888 ! w«r : I 1 South . . . Alabama . . . . ... . Arkansas . . . Delaware.. - - Florida... - - - - Georgia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - Kentucky . . . . . . Louisiana. . . . . . . Maryland _ _ _ _ _ Mississippi _ _ _ _ _ North Carolina _ _ _ _ _ Oklahoma.. . . . . . South Carolina . . . Tennessee _ _ _ _ _ _ Texas - - - - - Virginia _ _ _ Was t. Virginia. _ _ i j ii j j i i ; | i i i i ! : ! i : : : : : : : : ; : ; : i : J ! !!!!! 1 ! M!:i 3 §j i j i ! i i »! m ! 1 !ii||i : ft *«OoSSS j i i | j j ! j j j i i i i i i i i : i : : : ; : ; : : : : i S i i i jj i|| i I 1 S CD CD P 1 1 ■s 1 I 5 t S £ II i : ; i : | > ! ii i : i i : : ; ; i II l{ ! i : ! > >n students. Table 7 .—Resident undergraduate , graduate , and summer session enrollments , by region and State: 1953-54 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Summer session(s) 1953 Women 3 e* co 1 c* o* go 1 eo eo | 861 ‘99 2,726 1,319 5,990 984 4,016 31,911 17, 058 1, 128 1,066 112, 892 Wa^OCDODOO^OCONOO 0001^*0 00 05^000— *01 rHOOCOCD*OC50ICOCOTtONCONN(NCDCO 1 C^OCOOC^MOW GO rH 05 CO (M o 00 ^ CD 67,197 20, 514 3, 533 318 1, 195 11, 125 930 7, 448 902 105 18,315 108 2, 704 Full-time Women «« 1 ss CO o' I 132, 123 NhCONOOOMN 1 H CQ fH U'- O CO 05 00 05 (NNOHOOCOOOO cd of cocsftCtCtCcsfef 01 >0(N 160,666 01b»O»-H0J050l»OC000OI*0 TfOOC^C50C^^040*ON C0*0G0^OC5O05rH04r-(C0 tfcooofr-fco^tffofcDofod 01 fH ?H OlHH Ol rH Men NO I CO GC o o o o 1 CO : »0 O* 14, 860 4, 261 40, 300 5, 131 17, 734 99, 550 64, 759 5, 828 4, 040 290,175 50, 848 29, 696 18, 318 16, 194 40, 127 21, 990 24, 232 9, 949 4, 220 48, 676 4, 347 21, 578 Academic year Women eo o h* 1 0* O W i'* crT O* QOQO 197, 232 O05101OG005C010C0 1 N(X)COO^ OOXNOi CDOOOOOOOOO^OO oo of oo of ^ co o co of 01 236,211 | cocdojoooi»oo5co»oocooi osioior^T^t^cDt^oo^cooo ^NGONDOCHrf 0*00 00 00 CO of CO 1^0 00 of O of ^HHHCOHOl ^ rH Men N 1, 430, 138 1,419, 949 381, 593 21, 252 4, 507 55, 098 5, 361 28, 816 165,012 90, 871 6,566 4,110 399,861 81, 543 37, 535 20, 503 19, 914 58, 245 25, 103 35, 200 12, 326 4, 658 73, 694 4, 775 26, 365 Region and State - Aggregate United States . . . Continental United States. - . Northeast _ _ _ _ _ Connecticut . . . . . . . . Maine _ _ _ _ _ Massachusetts . . . _ . . New Hampshire _ _ _ _ _ New Jersey . . . . . . New York. . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . Rhode Island _ _ .. _ Vermont _ _ .. . North Central . . . . . Illinois . . . Indiana _ _ _ _ _ Iowa . . . .. _ Kansas _ _ _ _ _ _ . Michigan . . . . . Minnesota . . . . Missouri _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ . _ North Dakota . Ohio _ _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ _ Wisconsin. _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION- FACULTY. STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 103 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 5 e £ *8 8 e 8 0 1 * „ •> £ 2 O § £ g fc> J £ 'o H C g s & !z;co M *0 o2 £ « 5 a a 5 H s < w §! o »o o co 09 NN QO 0i QCW5 C* 0* iCHN^OH^WO rnO'.OO^Ol^iOiOOJ > 005 CO ^ CO ONOCDCOCNt^O O io'ioWt>TC9 o lOTfCiOOONC N00CO(NO5Wi 00 ^ lO rf 00 ^ ( H 05 »o 40 H CO iOiOT*ir^Or-H!^CMt^CO HOCOOOCO- W^iOCOC rH C0»O ^ C0 05N00CJC0C0CDNOW^ ONCDCO£X5XNNOON(N 05 M *0 O CDOOCONWOO'DO »ONOOHCO^COH( COCOCOCOCOCOOCMC OCONHCO* •^NOOCDCOCDH^0^»O, lOCOWOOJHWiOiONHt CDTfiOr^r^H‘010050^' H N O O' 0" N »C CO H TjT h ( 32 0i eo >COO«00CD^N»O NC0 00OC0»D05^00 »0 N ^ cl N N N H h NiOCOCON05^^C - "OOOMiOC £2 OOCOkO^OCOCMCbcOO^^M COOHONNCONNiOON 05^05^>0(X)CDNOOO^^ COCDOONaHOlOCO^CDO 05 0COOO»OOri>rio'CsfOT4'o - 0J0* r» «o r* r» O CO H 05 10 1 OOO 05 - 0 04 0 40 O 05 »0 05 CD" C4 ^ d Th oT TjJ' rH rH CDOOOCONHOrtCO^H rH05C5T^C040ON ’ < © © r-H O icocooo . © CM rt< 05 rio^COrfT )W®05«ONCHCOC I^XCNOOOOQ! '0500COCO^HCDrH( r»-H co »-T hcohV H N ^NN t>- CM ^ © © HH^O CO CM N005CONOCOCDOQCON^O»OCOH »0»0HiHTt©COCMTt © © »— i © HOiOCOiH»OCDCOOCDOiO(NCO _ - - “OCO ^ rj*© ' I O © © © CM r* ■ - ifHco»o 'MW^rHOCO^ I f— • TH to © ©I _ HI to ^ © 1 to co r-H oo » 5 © ^ r* C © c ©00Tr©00©C0^©^O©^T^© CO to CM ©©CM©© « to © © i-i oo co ^ cm © c Tcf CM~ »-H © oo ^ © co co o r oo©©coco^t^r cm t « © co © 00 >CM OH ^ • t-h CM »-H > © CM © CM I ©CO © to COOO ’ . © © ,H © © C > © cm © © co XNTf©CO,tCCO'H{ OOlNlNNOrHOCOCi ■^Nh CON^Oh©©! cdcdtdiHfH i-T r^T c^T tC H © CO 00 H t>»00 CM © CM © cm «-T ©COXHH©CO©NClHt .*Oh©X©©CIhCOCOW^ ,-T © of oo h oo oT cm~ © rd © *h © c ©©0©0©XH^CiCi - -^ © © oo © oo co cm ' TJ< © cocot^ c T*< © ©00 © © © © CO CO ©CUN©OWX(NXN rt< © rt< © © © tji oo © cm co © © © i> © co oo to co oo ©©X©HH ©roNdN^ © ©00© © © t>T id' © oo© ©*© © od'oocM't^aTod©' -r^t^r^cooo©©©© i^HCOOCOdHdN i©TtHTF©©r^©r>.t>. c^T cm r^©© »h CM O0 ^h © © CM © CO oo co 5©00©'5*<^©CMOO©OOTfT^COt^CO©©C^©©©©©t^O© h > © (M © © © CM ^ © CM OO © © CM OO CM CO r 00 iH rH oo" TH ^ cd © cd ©" cd © i-T oo > rt< © co cm © © c iCMr^©oo©©©- i CO CM © ©00 00 © ' oo ©t^c co © cm c ©©^HOOCM c3 = o >» os T3 61 c3 2 co ® 03 >3 - fH co g C3. C3 c >2 M j£ “ tS"*’ I o a fl-d S 8 <8 ncSH ' lllljllll %a it c3 >> § O 5 £> 23 03 _. — M os S _ 2 n g ® b 5(3330 -COOPlhH Tabic 7. — Resident undergraduate , graduate , and summer session enrollments, by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued g C. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Summer session(s) 1953 W IENNIAL g a o * SU RVEY ( W® II 00 CD CO CS| 1 ° crTcT | O O O r^cc N N 83,061 2,603 1,286 18, 501 812 4, 465 32, 947 19, 106 1,955 1,386 70, 871 OOOdiOOCOHHN^N^ 00»OC5CX)O5O5(NCOCOWCO^ COhNOhN»CCOhhNN lO CfiT CO *0 CO GO csf of Men cso o ® eo *4 *® o o CD 195,793 co^HT^T^r^eoioiOT-H ONC2 05 ^OOrnOGO CDCO^OCQaGO^rH oT r-T ia co~ *CT 1-T r-T dT eo hi>.io 121, 788 28, 041 16, 301 7, 722 2, 648 11,440 8, 781 13, 908 3, 295 152 20, 256 880 8, 364 Academic year Women eo w w e© »© © r* u© »© IC5 eo eo 124,240 OWWiONOOOHkO •OCbiNCDWHOOOOO OCOlNO’tiQCO^iO CO~ r-T TjT r-T oT oT © of r-T QOH oT VhV ®iais a'~' *SI8 cfcoc* SllliSsilSsIlsai i TjiW 00 igggl 1111 eoeo»o IlSISsSSIIlllsil I ^%-T o“«3U5~Tir^(Norf3e005O NNHHOUOONaw 05 « O mi 00 th 03 HH ! CO rH 1 I rH CO Men GO e co 05 CO CO CO of of OlO* CO © 00 of ss of 8,555 3,411 34 © Tf< ! CO to ^ 03 to 1 COCO to i>- © i r- to i rH CO CO to rH GO College grade Women r* 46, 557 46, 500 758 S1' ! ;s 1 19,968 coooo3oo»oooTt*©©03co ©OfrHrH* HH r-T r-T Extension Noncollege grade Women 16,491 16,248 O CO CO 19 73 567 1,447 338 701 6,501 1,115 26 71 464 2, 025 239 215 1,691 64 I6S Men - 34, 107 33, 568 13, 131 255 525 195 4) 311 5, 164 988 lO 00 03 CO 00 to © 03 © O 1 o H © © to 03 rH O rH CO © I © 1 CO© 00 00 CO ^ © CO '© HH of of ! rH College grade Women 90 QO QO t/S CO US of 05 ©5 15, 913 1,530 930 2,091 454 1,125 3, 650 4,453 1,604 76 00 00 £ © O © 03 © h* 03 © © 03 03 COcOTfOO©NHOiOO^iON ©00©©©^t^©rH©©I^- co of ^^t-Tr-T co of 1 II Men C* 0*0* GO r^co arTr-f us ws 9, 291 03 03C003C000000003 ^O00 03C0 0i0iTf 003 05H05C5^»0 rH* rH CO 11,514 03 00 CO to © © CO CO ^ 03 03 © © 00 © to © © 03 03 03 © 03 CO 03 © Region and State - Aggregate United States _ Continental United States . Northeast . . . . . - Connecticut - - iviame _ Massachusetts _ _ _ New Hamnshire _ _ _ j<> a. £ 13 : * 1 ® New York.. - - Pennsylvania. . . . . . Rhode Island . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . North Central . . Illinois - - - - Indiana . . . . Iowa . . . . . Kansas . . . . . Michigan. _ _ _ _ _ _ Minnesota— . . . . Missouri . . — _ _ _ Nebraska.. - - - North Dakota _ _ _ _ _ Ohio _ _ . South Dakota _ _ Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 109 ) OHC50^ O CH HCD^lOOOHHrJUOH CO § § s < rH OHOO^HMOOHrfCOiOlN CO 10 05 0CD TfWO^t^OiOCO CO C* CO CO ^ (N co h 10 co 00 050N iO«C^OiOOON05 t'- HCSOJH I rH t>- T* - i-H rH WOWHCO o o o »-i co t'- co MOHrHTt Tj< »C Oi Tf *0 - co g § >2 go 3 S Oi-itS-S-© a &-S-*. •®.g.2]3 o fla s S8u5-S § g gj>® 42 t- ©.2 © © Ohh § © ©43 iSS 2 & £ sS M 0 £) X. 5 at a © a o 5 >> 2J3S 3Q'£*h 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 111 CMOOOOOCMCMCOO »~t CO ^ CO HIOCOO 00 COTfll i-H r-t HHW OOC^NIO co co O CO CO CO cm »0 05« CO r CM CM r 00 CO S^S00^ cm hh ct> > co § CM CO Tf i 00 r- o C o o o r TfrfTflOONO £§ ?5 ot CO GO »— 'OOCOCM t-h CO ^ CO i-h g£2S t^- CO iiCOi co oo ^ • COr^Tf, 1-i o »-« lO lO CO CO ico ■ co co CM I iO 1C — C CM CO ^ rj- GO HO(NrH 1!sSI!I2!sI1!!8! h ^ ~ «rH«r i-s®g i ! ~ ! : : i : : : Mi ! : : : : : i j j Sj i i» iss i iss : i i i ! i*0 i : ~ : : : ii i ii ii i i i i slr : ; : 1 ’iiiiii j j j | j ! i i i i i i i iii;; i i i i J | o ! — !ia Ino i ! ! , ,r>. ,eo ; - « ; . ; i i ■ i i iii : : : : i : : : : i : i 1 ! S joo j Iiiiii :::::: : i : : : : | | i i I I i ! ! ! ! ! : : : : ; i ! : : i i i 1" i i 1 i i i ! B : *. : : ::::::: 5 s ! i ~ i i : : iiiiii: iiiiii j | ; j ; ; ; i i i i i : : ; ; : : ; ; : ; j j s : ; : i ::::::: i i : : ^ ! : : : ::::::: FJ F3 ! ! ~ j j Iiiiii i i ! ! ! ! ! : : : : : ! ! : : ; ; : : is i is&2 :§S i i ; : : ; s'®:: : iii i ii i o § i2 " i ! ! ! ! i i~ i i i ii iii [ I : : : : : i i i i i 11 : : : : Nr^NI! i i ! ! : ; i : : : : : : : : i ! io S : j i 1 iii | j j j i i i i i ; | ; ; ; i i i! | f i i is f “ i ; : : : ; : : : s : ; : i To 1 To ! ! ! j i i i i i i iiiiii :::::: 1 1 : : i i j j 1 is is i i i§ i is l-s g i ni; ip ; -- § g j j iiiiii iiiiii i i j ; j j j i ; i i: i j IS»S*3 il=85§ 2 j g S S § ! i co Is ! ill! ; : i : : : i i : : i i i i i •. : : ; i : : : : : i S ii ; : c5i2 ! !°n !®oSo« ! i : : ; jjj j 2- i i i i is i| jjjij | : : j j iiiii !!:':! ; ; ; : ; i i : ; iiiiiiiiiiii i :::::::::::: : i i i i i i i ! i i i i i I < Colorado . Idaho . iiiiii: i ■§ i i i i i i i i i 1 i i i iii i i i i I iliMij i » i i i i i i Delaware . Florida . . . . Georgia . Kentucky . Louisiana . Maryland . Mississippi . North Carolina— . Oklahoma . South Carolina . Tennessee . Texas . Virginia . West Virginia . District of Columbia . j i : ! ; 1 § £ ivioniana . . . . . . Nevada . . Now Mexico . . Oregon . . Utah . Washington . . Wyoming . U. S. SERVICE SCHOOLS . . Outlying parts of tho States . . Canal Zone . Puerto Rico.. . Territory of Hawaii . . Table 9. — Resident subcollegiate enrollments,1 by level, by sex, by region, and by State: academic year 1953-54 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS Grades 9-12 inclusive Girls M IEN1 NIAL CO 05 05 ao ® r- N H NN SI GO CO JRVEY 1 tO uc I 00 N 00 JATION, 1952-54 0 05^00hMO^CDh07M hmncdooioonojnoh C0C0C004©t^iO©iHC0CC»-< 8,607 340 99 HCOlOO (NiONN eo»oo^ Boys © aoao r* o 05 CO r** N N 6, 025 309 71 228 187 2,896 2, 260 74 10,929 05N»00(NCOOC5 00 rHNO MONiONNOOHCONOO 05 CO 00 0 05 10^0 §•3° log jag g CO ffacalSsfoa jSr; o^jg§ S.b^ I|S £ b£ to d if mil 1 1 fall -: ••iooSSfcfcop^ t» « b 3-a|2| J§§§s -»100fL<^ l. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION. 1952-54 .2 4* o w -0 3 PQ Grades 9-12, inclusive Girls 53 ss ns COW CO CO CO cot^ *o 10 $5^ 4, 220 NCOOiOONHtOcOHlOH OJNNCO^ON^ONCOO ^ winh^io^cohco u- 3, 130 294 52 Boys S 10,670 10,360 494 CO CO CO 1 ^ 00 VO IOOH i CO 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 5,268 542 264 225 124 463 1,276 452 418 187 314 146 857 3,464 *o o 269 358 319 323 Grades 1-8, inclusive Girls a 18,213 17,825 3,812 318 88 471 67 1,019 1,556 293 o 50 o cd MMiOOCOiCCOHNOl^O 00^TfiCOCO• CO t- *o t> 9 1 New York . . Pennsylvania _ _ Rhode Island Vermont . . . . . 1 North Central . . . . . Illinois-- . . . . . . Indiana _ _ _ _ Iowa . . . . . . . . . . Kansas _ _ _ _ Michigan _ _ _ _ _ Minnesota . . . . Missouri . . . . . . Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ _ North Dakota. _ _ . _ Ohio . . . . . . . South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin . . . . . South . . . . Alabama _ _ _ _ _ . Arkansas . . . Delaware _ _ Florida _ Georgia . . . . . Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana _ _ _ _ . HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 117 H 00 ^ CO fH lO CO ICO c§! CO © © »0 < OiONN! »OH(N O^OOOSHT^OiOH hOhOhCOOCW CO CM t>* CM CM T* CM i-h rH NCO © CO © NoScoI h (n cm !S S I pH CM © CM © 00 © 0> iO to © 00 MWHCOfH 1 CO CM 1-H CM CM ^ CO rt< © CM * i-(IOCOHH(NC CM © CM iO tO ^ < 1-H © CO CM © © CM : © 00 Tt* to CO CM tO CM CO © 00 CM CO © CM 1-H CM 00 CO i-H TT CO i-H toeoco-H©iot^^oo ©OOt^OOCOi-hOOCM COO©©CM«0©i-HtO © CM © © II a as .s 77 3 hi SSloSSi ■ogo % i-SSg 53.H 'S> « < ' 05 « i*2 o c5 p-d §a2o nS rt s S3 0X3 ^ tD-S J *3 *3 .3 5 © © 2 -2 ^ os c *o t-h oo co i 0* > c* cd o> o r^ . 05 00 00 f-H CO > 05 ^ ^ 00 eoooio^^*ocS§fl |.t3 g uu w co^ 1 lii^ilti^f! « | sitc 'C3o^5®»£«^^ • 5ass® P «joopkh o ■ © S | o % m ;M 8 o 5 - > s : s :«j © t«fl a 5 '5 !P* £* .5g 5 O e^Joo ■So m w 2 § h Table 10. — Enrollment in professional curricula in healing arts , by region and State: November 1953 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Optometry * Gradu¬ ate US 601 601 82 i i i i i i • • i i 28 i I t>- • 1 1 1 1 • l l l l l i l l 1 i • l 1 1 1 1 1 1 t i i i l l I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till! 1 1 1 1 1 Under¬ graduate 2 1, 692 1, 692 477 i i i 1 1— i i ^ i 1 1— < i iNOJ i 4 i i CD co i < • • C4 i i i I t I i 502 CO CO i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 © II II II II II II II Occupa¬ tional Ther¬ apy a eo ® © US US © © 1 NN 1 410 ! !c i iCC 1 1 r- i i > t O CO 1 5 us » us i i i i i i i • i i i 1, 104 04 i 00 © Tt4 US ^ CO KDhONUS 1 1-H T*4 i 1 i i is is! ii i 04 I Nursing Gradu¬ ate 5 N 1, 090 1,089 S 1 I 1 1 IT. » i a i i i i i i i i • * i i ) 1 1 0 ' I 165 HIM8 91 Undergraduate Women - r- go r-© O* N o* n 7,115 517 14 1, 543 28 55 3, 450 1,340 81 S7 7, 097 710 313 468 129 1,251 709 639 ^ H US US © ^ co© US 00 O US 00 I Men ® o* w 101 H !c MX 1 t 1 n 99 1 S 1 1 i © i © 04 US C i i i i ( I t i • l i l 1 1 1 0 • 04 'Tt4 HI 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 Medicine Graduate Women © N N 1 © © © CO ! 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 00 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 67 12 91 21 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 III Men GO 2,408 2,408 US oo ! O i 1 < 1 1 1 04 US i i i O CO i i i 04 i i i l I l l i i i i i i i i i 1, 023 S 1 1 • 1 21 29 <7<7 Undergraduate Women 1, 583 1, 549 s e3 IS i ! ! co 04 !a ' ! ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > CO 00 CO 00 © CO US CO 04 t 00 04 H us 04 04 U t4 co © 04 r-- 11 3 US CO Men © ©3 QO © II ©© 7,348 311 1.214 04 i © i-H i r— 04 i co oo i a • 04 CO ir r ! co 04* ! i i i » ■ i t 05 ) CO < Tt4 00 © tH © 04 © 00 U NiOTfNiOCOC ©©TfTt4©^©^ 71 1, 153 64 684 Dentistry Gradu¬ ate 4 US eoeo coco © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 ( 1 ! ! 04 04 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 180 ICO 1 co 04 us us • 04 1 r-H *— 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mm Undergraduate Women h# © © II © © t N N & 1 1 1 1 • • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 ; : • i i i i i i i i 05 1 1 1 1 1 ! jeo j>H 1 Men co SS5 1 2,838 | 1 1 1 1 US 1 1 Tf4 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 i CO • l 1 00 CO i i 1 05 Tt4 i i i i • 1 1 4, 827 050550 i 05 CS >-! O 1 1 f ) !© !© > i © i ■*< > i© i ^ 1 Chirop¬ ody, po¬ diatry* w CO W I eow QO S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I l l • too© 1 l UO^ I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 t 390 212 8ZI Region and State - Aggregate United States. . Continental United States . 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 • 1 I 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 g i I H ! ' «9 ' g i Its' i ufi pi oSS; Mew Hampshire . New Jersey . New York . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Vermont. . North Central . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . Michigan . Minnesota . Missouri . . Nebraska. . North Dakota . Ohio. . South Dakota... Wisconsin . HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 121 CIO , OJ O* I i I I Cb i CJJ CDi0»0C0C005N0J»0Ot}. OWHOOMOOOON^NWN iONCOWmOJONcONOQWO CSJ ocoon i> co c* o* ^ & o3 w So S £• „fl°3 03 §-St* saaos -COOPhH * Principally men. Includes 23 women. No graduate students reported. 8 Principally men. Includes 22 undergraduate women and 3 graduate women. * Principally undergraduate women. Includes 77 undergraduate men, 3 graduate 4 Principally men. Includes 9 women, men, and 8 graduate women. 8 Principally women. Includes 11 men. Table 10. — Enrollment in professional curricula in healing arts , by region and State: November 1953 — Continued 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 O s lONMO 18822 nn CO CD SEh Ph s s C3 lO CO © -*t< ^MON00®O)lOr)<0CIOW CO CO CN HOffliOHO^OOHON' ©omoJNiNoooNmt CO ->>> 1.5. Table 11. — Enrollment in professional curricula other than healing arts , by region and State: November 1953 Education Graduate Women tri M ENN CD IAL SU1 n 2 e© lO N ©* EtV] e© X 00 © 3Y OF EDUC^ *OhO COOWH r-4 00 LTIl 00 C© ON, 1952-54 WO5HNr} 6,861 W»ONCOC©H05COHT}IC©H ^©lf©NHOWTf^©HlO C© CO H C© O C© C© T-1 c© II Undergraduate Women i i 3 § 36, 361 ONHN05XHr«Oi OOO^OJiOCOClJOiC COOOOO»ONHN^^ rH TjT C© rjT CO t-T 46, 941 05 00 05 00 »0 ID C© 05 05 CO 00 ©1 I CO CO CO CO O *© 00 CO CO © CO 1 C© O ©^ ©1 00 00 CO ^ 05 00V ©f ©fede© ©f t-T oo 'd | 8 2 e© 77,564 76,836 18, 504 OJNrfiOiOHONCO ©iOhOOOOOcOh CO »0 W N TH Tf cd C© Ol ©f r-Tcdcd 25, 120 4,828 3, 107 1,210 1,503 2, 346 2,085 1,492 1,236 691 3, 717 358 2, 547 Business and Commerce Graduate Women w 868 867 405 • CO HONCOH t i 00 1 1 C© 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 05 05 OWNNM ! 05 rH ©4 t-1 H ©* l i Men - ^ C© W N N N 6, 199 CO C© Tf< T}< CO ^ ©* 05 owe© tO ^ 1-t id 2, 421 OHH^h ! rH CO *0 ©I 05 TF ©i 1 O to CO ©1 CO 1 ©l tw 1 00 Undergraduate Women o ^ t© GO »© CD 05 © e© e© £ 00 cd r^c^cot'~c©c©-Hooo> (NNN Tt^^CJl^C© TtH f-H ^ 00 *c> ©1 t-T c© 6, 718 1,637 429 152 386 952 69 416 201 41 2,110 18 307 Men 139, 541 137,873 39, 799 2,122 21 9, 730 258 1, 310 20, 485 4, 688 693 492 40, 542 10, 524 3, 776 947 1,758 5,548 1,045 1,999 1,205 317 10, 936 104 2, 383 Architecture Grad¬ uate 1 GO 348 348 201 c© ! ©i ©^ ! i O i ©1 ©- ii rH l II l 1 i tO 21 6 20 Undergraduate Women r* 683 683 00 00 © C© 1 d t© e© ©* GO GO 417 ©coo5c©e©05r^Tj. NNNH >l^©t^O*CO*^O500 )T*<4Ort §.a S , a> o '■SB .gl oScasSS C3 w o I3ga-s|j£?ai| m S| g ^.2 co 2 £'2 m Ill'S Sg CNNH OQ^©©COCO^HrHTfCOOO CO © *o © »-h (N © 03 ^ ^ CO^O©(NCOrHCOOO©CO^ cor^©r^©©ooco©ao© OCICIOHCOOWHCSX oo©*oo303 I is S2 flOHCO^^T^HC > ^ (M HNHCO’ © HH Ht 00iO©©^C0O3I^©t © »-h 03 03 ©03 00 c t-H 03 03 rH f )N^NOOOHIO r^03i-CX)00»O 5S^5-S3§a5« m a bfi »s •S a .rt §5 oja o > ^ m.c « ^ w §o P3 >» “ w «~*S2 •S ^ 1 12 n c3 o rU c8 3 3 d) hoophE-< tap •sa 8 3 11 K . s s a 2 o a ^ t>> >» a a Table 11.— ‘Enrollment in professional curricula other than healing arts , by region and State: November 1953 — Continued 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Theology Graduate Women N 113 113 68 00 40 CO 40 25 00 r Men - 2,855 2,855 1,200 S g ^10 05 t''* Is* i-H H »OCO 350 1 156 CO 1 CO CO 1 1 § & New York. _ _ Pennsylvania _ _ _ Rhode Island _ _ . . Vermont. . . . . . North Central . . Illinois. _ _ Indiana _ _ _ .. Iowa_ 1 Kansas . . . . Michigan.. . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . 1V± issu UX 1 _ _ _ Nebraska . . . . . ..1 North Dakota . . Ohio . . . South Dakota... . . . Wisconsin _ _ _ South . . . Alabama . . . Arkansas . . . O a 1 'S p Florida . . Georgia . . . . HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 129 NNWOOOON ihh(NOt}< • i i C* > 00 © 00 ©Q CO © rH I^HWCOHrH © 05»ONN»0 CO HNCO ) © ' > C3 *0 9* c3 2 rtS f ;-2 o C9 flxJ §|go g>i •aa HSSSgoSSSSte 5 §3Sg OQ ~Z o 2 5 © © c c* ^ooSSjzi^op^ P M IS 3® © M So 2 b Hill ^OOPhE" as l§ a V, dn Principally women. Includes APPENDIX U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Nov. 1953 Office of Education Washington 25, D. C, SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS relating to enrollment in institutions of higher education No. 1. A "STUDENT OF COLLEGE GRADE11 is a student in an institution of higher education who is taking one or more courses of college grade. In gen¬ eral, a "course of college grade" is one that carries credit toward a degree (either in the student's institution or by transfer to another institution.) Ordinarily a student of college grade is a candidate for a degree, but this is not necessarily the case: thus, "special or unclassified students" (see defi¬ nition no. 3 below), though of college grade, are by definition not candidates for a degree. Graduation from high school (or the equivalent) is normally pre¬ requisite to status as a "student of college grade"; the entrance requirements of an institution may also include completion, with superior scholarship, of a specified pattern of high-school courses, and the passing of one or more examinations of general ability, academic achievement, or special aptitude. A "student of college grade," as defined above, may receive in¬ struction either on the main campus, on a branch campus l/, or in an extension center 1 / ; he may be either undergraduate, graduate, or "special or unclassi¬ fied" (see definition no. 3 below ); he may attend during day or evening, devoting full time or part time to his studies; and he may be enrolled in an institution of higher education which does not itself grant degrees. In general, students in junior colleges and technical institutes, enrolled in a program leading to a diploma, certificate, or the "associate" degree, should be includ¬ ed in the count of "students of college grade." The essential requirement is that the student be taking one or more courses of college caliber: and the best test of such caliber, in general, is the acceptability of the course for credit toward a degree (in the given institution or by transfer). For purposes of reporting to the Office of Education, students in a "short course" (see definition no. 7 on other side), and students receiving individual lessons only (as in music, art, speech, etc.) should be classified in categories by themselves, regardless of the nature of the work they are taking. Do NOT include such students with "students of college grade." A person who attends college-grade courses only as an auditor — i.e., is not enrolled for credit in any course of college grade — is not to be counted as a student of college grade. No. 2. A "RESIDENT STOP ENT" is a student taking work, either day or evening, on the main camnus or a branch campus of the institution, under the instructional staff of the institution. The classification of the student as "resident" rests basically on the fact that the student is taking his academic work either on the main campus or a branch campus; where the student resides (whether on-campus or off) is irrelevant. No. 3. A "SPECIAL OR UNCLASSIFIED STUDENT" is a resident student who is taking work of college grade, but is not a candidate for either a degree, diploma, certificate, or equivalent formal recognition. Do NOT include exten- 1/ In statistical reports to the U. S. Office of Education, do not in¬ clude the enrollment at any branch campus or extension center outside the" United States, its territories, or possessions. — * (Over)* — 131 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 sion students in the "special or unclassified" category: such students are generally non-resident, may be taking little or no work of college grade, and are in other respects different from typical "special or unclassified" students. Similarly, do not include correspondence or short-course students as "special or unclassified," nor students receiving individual lessons only (as in music, art, speech, etc.). For purposes of reporting to the U. S. Office of Educa¬ tion, the extension, correspondence, short-course, and individual-lesson groups should be maintained in separate categories. No. 4. A "FULL-TIME STUDENT" — as applied to undergraduates or to "special or unclassified" students taking work principally at the undergraduate level — is one who is carrying at least 75 percent of a normal student-hour load. The "normal student-hour load," in turn, is defined by the formula: number of credit-hours required for graduation, divided by the number of semesters or terms normally taken for graduation (exclusive of summer sessions). The foregoing definition of a "full-time student" has been approved by a committee of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO) . The definition is recommended for guidance rather than rigid application, since local conditions may make various minor modifications appropriate. In the case of students under Public Law 550, "full time" in undergraduate programs is defined by the law as a minimum of 14 semester-hours per term (or the equivalent number of quarter-hours). Most registrars will find it convenient to accept this definition in the case of P.L. 550 students. In the case of other students, however, the definition of "full time" approved by the committee of the AACRAO is preferable. No. 5. A "PART-TIME STPDEMT" — as applied to undergraduates or to "special or unclassified" students taking work principally at the undergraduate level — is one who is carrying an academic schedule lighter than that of a full-time student (see definition no. 4 above). No. 6. A "FIRST -TTMB STUDENT" is a student who, in the current semester, ■term, quarter, or session, entered higher education for the first time (first time in any college). "First-time students" cannot be graduate students: they are necessarily those entering work at the undergraduate level — either as full-time students, evening students, extension students, etc. In institutions with few or no students in the evening division, extension department, etc., the total number of first- time students may for most purposes be taken as equi valent to the number of entering freshmen; an exact count, however, would exclude from this group those entering freshmen who are transfers from other institutions of higher education, or who are re-entering college after a previ¬ ous withdrawal. DO NOT INCLUDE as first-time students the graduates from junior colleges or other institutions who enter your institution. Similarly, DO NOT INCLUDE as first- time students in the fall semester (or fall quarter) those students who entered in the preceding summer session. No. 7. A "SHORT COURSE" is a course which lasts at least- 4 days, but less than the regular semester, term, quarter, or session in which it is given. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 133 1 1_ Li jj? l c_ Li Li Li Form RSH-50 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D. C. Budget Bureau No. 5I-R14?.4 Expires 11-30-54 COMPREHENSIVE FALL REPORT ON ENROLLMENT: 1953 If your Institution has NO branohes, This report INCLUDES branohes as oheek here | follows: This report EXCLUDES branohe Naae and loeatlon of Institution TO THE REGISTRAR: In accordance with a recommendation of the Committee on Cooperation with Governmental. Agencies of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, we are launching the first COMPREHENSIVE FALL REPORT ON ENROLLMENT. This will largely, but not entirely, replace the traditional end- of-the-year report on enrollment. May we call your attention to certain features of the present report-form: 1. A sllp-shsst containing "SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS " has besn Inserted In the fora. These definitions should help standardize the Interpretation of teras and enhanoe the value of the returns. Please read these definitions before filling out the fora. 2. In Sohedule III of the fora, you are requested to olasslfy the undergraduate resident enrollment of oollege grade into full-tlae and part-tlae . (If an exaot oount Is not praotloal, please make as oareful an estlaate as feasible.) This Information will meet a long-standing nsed In the etatletlos of higher eduoatlon. 3. In Sohedule III, "speelal or unolaselfled students" taking principally undergraduate work are to be classified with the undergraduate enrollment, and those taking principally graduate work are to be olastlfled with the graduate. (A brief separate oount of "special or unolaselfled" students Is provided for In Sohedule II.) Good national statistics in higher education are essential for sound pub¬ lic understanding and enlightened educational statesmanship. Tour prompt cooperation in supplying the requested information is earnestly solicited. Sincerely yours, - Herbert S. Conrad, Chief Research and Statistical Standards SCHEDULE I.— SUMMER SESSION ENROLLMENT: 1953 (If none, pleaee write NONE or NOT APPLICABLE) ITEM MEN WOMEN TOTAL 1. Enrollment of resident 1/ students of college grade 1/ (omit noneolleglate and euboolleglate) , summer session of 1353 2/ • • • • 1/ For definition of thle tern, fee eheet entitled "SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS." 2 / If sore than one summer session In 1353, report simply the sum of the enrollment In the separate sessions, without regard to possible duplications. 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 SCHEDULE II - SPECIAL OH UNCLASSIFIED STUDSiTS: NOVEMBER 1955 (Resident students of oollege grade, NOT enrolled for a oertlfloate, diploma, or degree— see definition no, 3 on sheet entitled "Sons Baslo Definitions") ITB4 MEN WOMEN TOTAL 2. Enrollment of speolal or unclassified students, as of November, 1953 . : . SCHEEULE III. — ENROLLMENT OF RSSIDBJT STUD6NT§» NOVSCBER 1953 GROUP TOTAL A. RESIDENT STUDENTS OF COLLEGE GRADE. (Do NOT Inolude any extension, oorrespondtnos, or short-course students, nor students reoeivlng Individual lessons only. Report eueh students in Sohedule V.) 3. TOTAL UNDERGRADUATE 1/ enrollment — Including "speolal or un¬ classified" students taking work principally at the under¬ graduate level: a. Full time 2/ (if exact count not available, make estimate) b. Part time y (if exaet oount not available, make estimate) e. Total . 4. Enrollment of FIRST -TIME y UNDERGRADUATE 1/ students (first time In college)— lnoludlng first-time "special or unclassified" students taking work principally at the undergraduate level: a. Full time 2/ (If exact oount not available, make estimate) b. Part time y (if exaet oount not available, make estlsmte) o. Total . 5. TOTAL GRADUATE y enrollment— lnoludlng "speolal or unclassi¬ fied" students taking work principally at the graduate level 6. TOTAL RESIDENT ENROLLMENT of students of oollege grade, ex- elusive of extension, oorrespondsnoe, etc. (item 3a + Item 5) X B. ENROLLMENT IN ADULT EDUCATION, on oampus or on a branch oampus, In ooursee of other than oollege grade. (If eueh enrollment Is olassifled In your Institution as "extension," report in Sohedule V only, not here.) /• ioxai resiaenx aauix enronusnx in courses or oxner xn&n oollege grade . . . (Do not Include enrollment In short oourses, nor students enrolled for Individual lessons only-see Sohsdule V) 1/ Include students taking oollege -grade courses through the level of the bachelor's or first professional degree. The first professional degree lneludes the M.D., D.D.S., LL.B., B.S. Engr., and B.D. : and students studying for such first professional degrees should be counted as undergraduate. In Boat Institutions, the degree of M.L.S. (Master of Library Solsnee) la the first professional degree In this field; and In sobs Institutions the M.B.A. (Master of Business Administration) and M.S.V. (Master of Social Work) are also first professional degrees. For a fuller statement regarding first professional degrees, please see Note 2 of Sohsdule IV on the page below. 2/ See definition no. 4 on sheet entitled "SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS." y See definition no. 5 on sheet entitled "SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS." 4/ The "flrst-tlae undergraduate" enrollment Is part of the "total undergraduate enrollment" reported In Item 3. -For definition of "flrst-tlae student," see definition no. 6 on sheet entitled "SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS'.' y Include students at a level beyond the bachelor's or first professional degree. Inolude as undergraduates students who are studying for the M.D., D.D.S., LL.B., B.D., or other first professional degrees (see foot¬ note 1 above). HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 135 SCHEDULE IV. --ENROLLMENT (FULL TIME AND PART TIMS) IN S ELECTS D PROFESSIONAL CURRICULA: NOVEMBER 1953 (Include only students enrolled as candidates for a degree: do not lnolude "special or unolasslf led" students. Students In extension oer.ters of your Institution, If enrolled as candidates for a degree In one of the professional curricula, should be Included In this Sohedule) NOTE 1. — In the table belov, include as enrollments In the professional ourrleula only those students who are formally enrolled In a well-organized progrea specifically devoted to professional training In the given field (suoh as agrloulture, architecture, business and commerce, dentistry, eto.). Do NOT Include students in pre-professional programs (such as pre-medical, pre-dental, or pre-law). Organizationally, the administration of the professional program may be under a professional sohool, a division, a department, eto. For present purposes, the curriculum Is the basic consideration, not the form of organization. NOTE 2. — The "first professional degree" Is not to be confused with merely a first degree. Thus, the degree of M.D. is the first professional degree In medicine, and students In the professional curriculum lead¬ ing to this degree should therefore be classified In columns 2-4 below, NOT columns 5-7* The same comment applies to students In the professional currloula leading to suoh degrees as D.D.S., D.V.M., O.D., B.D., etc. In some Institutions the master's degree In social work (M.S.W.) and In business administration (M.B.A.) represent the first professional degrees oonferred by the Institutions In these fields. In suoh oases the master's degrees In these fields should be oounted as first professional degrees, and students in the curricu¬ la leading to these degrees should be classified In columns 2-4 below, NOT oolumns 5*7» However, if the Insti¬ tution lnoludes a sizeable number of transfer-students who have a previously earned bachelor's degree In the same professional field (viz., B.S.e. or B.B.A.), such transfer-students should be classified In oolumns 5-7 • In most institutions, students studying for the M.L.S. (Master of Library Science) are studying for their first professional degree In library scienoe; in such eases, students for this master's degree should be classified In oolumns 2-4, NOT columns 5-7* Professional ourrloulum Enrolled In ourrloulum leading to first professional degree Enrolled In ourrloulum beyond the first professional degree Men Women Total Men Women Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. Agriculture (exel. Forestry) 9. Architecture (do not lnolude architectural engineering). 10. Business and Comraeroe. . 11. Education . 12. Engineering . (Omit — covered In earlier annual survey) 13. Forestry . 14. Home Economics . 15. Journalism . 16. Lav . 17. Library Science . 18. Social work . 1J. Theology^ . HEALTH PROFESSIONS: 20. Chiropody or pediatry . 21. Dentistry . 22. Medicine . 23. Nursing (degree curriculum). 24. Occupational Thorapy . . 25. Optometry . 26. Osteopathy . 27. Pharmacy . 28, Physical Therapy. . 29. Public Health . 30. Veterinary Medicine . 1/ lnolude only students in professional curriculum of theology, not students taking Bible as a major In colleges of arts end sciences, nor students enrolled in Bible Institutes or Bible Colleges. 388639—51 -10 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 SCHEDULE V. — ENROLLMENT IN EXTENSION. CORRESPONDENCE, SHORT COURSES, AND INDIVIDUAL LESSONS: NOVEMBER 1953 (If none In your Institution, please write NONE or NOT APPLICABLE across the table below) GROUP MEN WOMEN TOTAL 31. Enrollment In extension courses 1/: a. College-grade enrollment (students taking one or more oourses of oollege grade 2/) y . b. Nonoolleglate enrollment (not taking one or more oourses o. Total ( sum of a and b above) 5/ . 32. Enrollment In eorrespondenoe courses (lnoludlng oourses by television) : a. College-grade enrollment (students taking one or more oourses of college grade 2/) . . b. Nonoolleglate enrollment (not taking one or more oourses of oollege grade) . o. Total (sum of a and b above) y . 33. Enrollment In short courses (oourses of 4 days or more, but less than ths semester, term, quarter, or summer session In which given) ......................... X 34. Students enrolled for Individual lessons only (music, art, speeoh, etc.) . 1/ Do not include students outside the United States, Its territories, or possessions. Also do not Include students enrolled In a seoondary or preparatory department of the oollege or university, devoted primarily to oompletlng the preparation of students for admission to the oollege or university; enrollment of suoh students will be eovered by a brief form to be sent to colleges at the end of the aoademle year. 2/ See definition no. 1 on sheet entitled "SOME BASIC DEPINITIONS." y. * person taking 2 or more oourses of oollege grade In extension should be oounted as only one student‘?llne 31s* not as 2 or more students. If a count of unduplloated enrollment on this basis Is not available, please make an estimate of suoh enrollment on the basis of total registration (l.e., the sum of enrollments In the Individual oourses). This estimate may be made as follows (the method should be oarrled through for men and women separately): (a) Estimate what percentage of the total registration Is accounted for by students who are enrolled In a single course only; (b) multiply this peroentage by the total regis¬ tration, to obtain an estimate of the number of single-course students; (o) subtraot the estimated number of slngle-oourse students from the total registration, to obtain a remainder representing the registration of students taking 2 or more courses; and (d) divide this remainder by 2, or a number slightly greater than 2 (on the assumption that praotloally all the remainder-students are taking, on the average, only 2 or slightly more than 2 oourses). The sum of the produot In step b and the quotient In step d equals the estimate of total unduplloated enrollment. 4/ A person taking 2 or more nonoolleglate courses In extension should be counted as only one student In line 31b, not as 2 or more students. If a oount of unduplicated enrollment on this basis Is not avail¬ able, please make an estimate of suoh enrollment on the basis of total registration. Por a suggested method of estimating, see footnote 3 above. y In this Sohedule, a student taking both oollege-grade and nonoolleglate work (hence appearing In line a and line b) should be oounted In each category. Hence the total Is the sum of the entries In line a and line b. IN FORMAT ION SUPPLIED BY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (NameTJ (Title) (Date) PLEASE CHECK to make sure you have supplied information requested on first page regarding BRANCH INSTITUTIONS. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 137 Font RSH-53 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDO CATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D.C. Budget Bureau No. 51-R234 Expires 6-30-55 [ENROLLMENT IN academic TEAR 19$3-54| If your Institution has NO branohee, cheok here / / This report INCLUDES branohes as follovsi The Registrar This report EXCLUDES branohes as follovsi September 30, 1954 TO THE REGISTRAR: In accordance with a recommendation of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, we are requesting information on "ENROLLMENT IN ACADEMIC TEAR 1953-54." Please note that this request covers enrollment for the past academic year (1953-54), and thus differs from, and supplements, the re¬ ports previously prepared by you for the fall of 1953. The form on the reverse side of this sheet consists of two Schedules. Schedule A requests minimum data concerning certain main groups of students. Schedule B requests information 'on certain types of subcollegiate enrollment. (Relatively few institutions will have anything to report in Schedule B.) The figures in the present report should be in line with those previously recorded by your institution on Form RSH-50, "COMPREHENSIVE FALL REPORT ON ENROLL¬ MENT: 1953." By virtue of the concept of "enrollment," the figures in the present report for the academic year must not be smaller than those in the fall report, but may be larger. Both public understanding and enlightened educational statesmanship are served by adequate national statistics of higher education. For this reason, we earnestly solicit your prompt attention to this final request for data concerning the academic year of 1953-54. Please be assured of our deep appreciation of your continued cooperation. Sincerely yours, J. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief Research and Statistical Standards OVER 138 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 SCISDULS A.— RES IDE; IT STUDENTS OP COLLEGE GRADS,!/ ANB EXTENSION STUDENTS: ACADEMIC YEAR 1953-54 Include enrollment In the first semester plus students who entered In the second semester (or in the second or third quarter. If on the "quarter" system). Inolude late registrations. Do NOT Include summer sessions or summer quarter. ITEM MEN UOLIEN TOTAL 1. Enrollment of RESIDENT STUDENTS 0? COLLEGE GRADE,!/ full-time and part-time (do not ‘inolude any extension, correspondence, or short- course students, nor students enrolled for individual lessons only): a. UNDERGRADUATE^/ (including "special or unolasslf led"^/ stud¬ ents taking work principally at the undergraduate level) .... b. GRADUATE^/ (including "special or unclassified"!/ students c. TOTAL resident enrollment of students of college grade GROUPS INCLUDED IN ITEMS ABOVE d. Veteran students enrolled under — (1) Publio Law 16 or (World War II veterans) . (2) Public Law 550 or 894 ("Korean veterans") . e. FIRST-TIME STUDENTS!/ (first time In an£ college). If any first- semester (or during the second or third quarter), the number to b given in your previous report on Form RSH-50, “Comprehensive Fall numbers given for first-time students in that report are as fol¬ lows: Men , Women , Total 2. E c 1 time students e reported her Report on Enr entered during e should excee ollment: 1953* the second d that " The hrollment in EXTENSION^/ (include both college-grade and non- olleglate enrollment for the academic year 1953-54. Do not nolude correspondence students) . 1/ For definition of "resident student," "student of college grade," "first-time 6tudent," eto., see sheet entitled "SOKE BASIC DEFINITIONS." 2/ Include students taking college-grade courses through the level of the bachelor's or first professional degree'. The first professional degree Includes the li.D., D.D.S., LL.3., B.S. Engr., B.D., and similar pro¬ fessional degrees. Students studying for such first professional degrees should be counted as undergraduate. y A "special or unclassified" student Is "a resident student who Is taking work of oollege grade, but Is not a candidate for either a degree, diploma, certificate, or equivalent formal recognition." (See Definition No. 3 on the sheet entitled "SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS.") 4/ Include students In liberal arts or professional ourrleula at a level beyond the bachelor's or first professional degree. 5/ A person registered for two or more courses In extension (either In the same semester, or in succeeding semesters within the academic year) should be counted as only one student. If necessary, please estimate the unduplloated extension enrollment. SCHEDULE B - ENROLLMENT IN NURSERY, ELEMENTARY, AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS OPERATED AND CONTROLLED BY YOUR INSTITUTION: 1953-54 Include enrollment In (a) sohools or eduoatlonal projects maintained by the institution In order to facilitate practice-teaching and/or directed observation by students of education, psychology, social work, home economics, eto.; (b^) a secondary or preparatory department maintained by the institution, and devoted primarily to completing the preparation of students for admission to the college; and (o) schools maintained by the Institution as a part of a religious community. Do not Inolude pupils in schools which are part of the public school system. ITEM BOYS GIRLS TOTAL 3* Enrollment in nursery school . ..... 4. Enrollment in kindergarten . 5. Enrollment in grades 1-8, inclusive . 6. Enrollment in grades 9-12, inclusive . — — 7. Number of students completing 12th grade (or equivalent) during the academic year 1953-54 . . . . _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 139 JjL Porn RSH-51 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Washington 25, D.C. Budget Bureau No. 51-R224 Expires 11-30-54 FALL REPORT ON FACULTY IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION: 1953 If your Institution has NO branches, check here □ This report INCLUDES branches as follows: This report EXCLUDES branches as follows: (Nans and location of Institution) TO THE PRESIDENT: In accordance with a recommendation of the Committee on Cooperation with Governmental Agencies of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, we are launching our first FALL REPORT ON FACULTY IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION. This report takes the place of that part of the traditional report (made at the end of every other academic year) which dealt with faculty. The report- form, together with explanatory footnotes, is printed on the succeeding pages. In some institutions, data on faculty are most conveniently obtained from a card-file in the office of the President; in others, from payroll records in the office of the Comptroller, or from personnel records in the office of the Registrar. Your good offices in supplying the requested information as promptly as possible are earnestly solicited. Sincerely yours, Herbert S. Conrad, Chief Research and Statistical Standards GENERAL DIRECTIONS SCHEDULE I (on tho noxt two pages) provides for a count of faoulty members (a* of November, 1953) classified aooordlng to type of duty. If a member of the faoulty Is occupied In wore than one offlolal capacity, he should be classified In EACH type of duty. Thus, a person who serves both as Dean of the Faoulty and as Professor of Zoology should be oounted onoe as FACULTY FOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATION and again as FACULTY FOR RESIDENT INSTRUCTION (Items 1 and 2 In Sohedule I). Similarly, a faoulty member who Is engaged both In resident Instruction and extension Instruction should be reoorded both under FACULTY FOR RESIDENT INSTRUCTION and also under EXTENSION FACULTY (item* 2 and 11). Plaoe faculty who are on ssbbatloal leave In the same class (or olasses) they would oooupy If In regular service. INCLUDE: (l) salaried faoulty masters; (2) faoulty members rendering established service without oash remuneration ("contributed services," ooourrlng most oomonly In ohuroh-related Institutions)! and (3) faculty meabers on sabbatloal leave. Do NOT lnolude faoulty on leave without pay, nor faculty In emeritus or retired status. If a particular seetlon of Sohedule I la not applicable to your Institution, please write NONE or NOT APPLICABLE In the seotlon. SCHEDULE II (on last page of this booklet) provides for a count of all faoulty meabers who served in the summer sesalon(s) of 1953* 140 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 SCHEDULE I.— FACULTY, AS OF NOVEMBER 1953 READ TOE "GENERAL DIRECTIONS" at the bottom of the preoeding page before filling in this for*. If a faoulty member serves in more than one official capacity, be sure to oount hli* ono# in EACH category in whloh he eervee. _ PACULTY, AS OP NOVEMBER 1953 MEN WOMEN TOTAL 1. PACULTY FOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 1/ . 2. PACULTY FOR RESIDENT INSTRUCTION. Do NOT Inolude under 2 or 1 below persons whose funottons are restricted solely to extension courses, short oourses 2/, or individual lessons (as in muslo, art, speech, eto.). Report suoh persons in items 11 and 16. 3. Instructional staff for courses of college grade 3/ (including evening and adult-education oourses of oollege grade, unless classified by your institution as extension): ^ 4. Department heads 4/, and faoulty members with rank of lnstruotor or above 2/ . 4a. Full-time equivalent 6/ of staff In item 4 . 5. Junior instructional staff (suoh as assistant In¬ structors, teaohlng fellows, teaching assistants, and laboratory assistants) JJ . 6. Professional library staff 8/ . 7. Instructional staff for vocational oourses and adult-eduoatlon courses of other than oollege grade 3/. (if classified by your Institution as "extension,” report under item 11, not here) ... SCHEDULE I CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE | 1/ Inolude ohaneellor, president, assistant to the president, vioe presidents, Dean of the Faoulty, Deans of Students, Dlreotor of Public Relations, Coaptroller, Registrar, eto.— that is to say, all whose administra¬ tive functions extend across departsiental or divisional lines. Do NOT inolude the head of an instructional unit, such as the Dean of the Sohool of Eduoatlon, the Doan of the Law Sohool, the Dean of Engineering, etc. (classify these under item 2, "Paoulty for Resident Instruction") . Do NOT Inolude clerical or non-professional staff in the office of the president, the business manager, eto. 2/ A "short course" is a course vhloh lasts at least 4 days, but less than the regular semester, term, quarter, or session in whloh it is given. 2/ A "ooirse of oollege grade" is, in general, one that carries credit toward a degree or equivalent recognition (whether in the given institution, or by transfer to another institution). 4/ Inolude all heads of instructional units, such as Dean of the Sohool of Education, Dean of Eng'g, ete. Inolude leoturers if their equivalent rank is that of lnstruotor or above. Inolude professional libra¬ ry staff members who also teach in the institution, if they hold the equivalent rank of instructor or above. (Suoh persons are also oounted in item 6.) In institutions providing training for elementary or secondary school teaohlng, Inolude supervisory, demonstration, or "orltlo" teaohers who are paid by your institution. 6/ "Pull-tine equivalent" here refers to full tlmo In the Individual's oapaeity as Instructional staff In item 4 . Thus, a faoulty member carrying only half the normal full-time duties under item 4, and the remain¬ ing half in extension, should be oounted as only 1/2 in item 4a ( — he is oounted as one in Item 4, and also as one in item 11). — A person who oarrles a normal full-time load In item 4 should be oounted as a full-time person in item 4a, even if he also performs some additional duties In extension teaohlng or In other fields. Information on the "full-time equivalent" of faoulty members can be obtained from various souroes. Sometimes payroll records indicate whether the person's salary is at (say) 3/8 or 1/2 the regular full-time soale for the function performed; and budget records often Indicate whether the Individual Is supposed to devote (»ey) 3/8, 1/2, or full time to hie duties. In ary event, department heads oan generally supply this informa¬ tion regarding members of their staff. In some oases (e.g., Instructional staff in medloal schools), it may be neoessary to adopt an arbitrary or rather approximate method of arriving at "full-time equivalent." 2/ Inolude laboratory assistants only If their function lnoludes instruction of students. Exolude non-teaching assistants to the lnstruotlonal staff, suoh as clerks or student help. 8/ Include head librarian, assistant librarian, and all other professional library staff. HIGHER EDUCATION — FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 141 SCHEDULE I (CONTINUED) PLEASE BE SURE to supply tho Information requested In ITEM NO. 23. If a section below Is not applicable to your Institution, pledse write NONE or HOT APPLICABLE In the eeetlon. FACULTT, AS OP NOVEMBER 1953 >®N WOMEN TOTAL 8. RESEARCH FACULTY FOR ORGANIZED RESEARCH (usually budgeted separately) 2/- 9. Total researoh faoulty 2/. (Include research faoulty for 10. (Land grant Institutions only) Researoh faoulty 2/ Tor agri¬ cultural experiment stations (included In Item 9 above) .... 11. EXTENSION FACULTY: 12. Giving courses (both college-grads courses. If any, and oourses of other than oollege grade) . 13. (Land-grant Institutions only) Agricultural and home eoonomlo extension staff operating at, or from, land-grant college .. 14. (Land-grant Institutions only) District and oounty extension agents for agrloulture, home demonstration, and 4-H clubs .. 15. Other faculty members In extension service (please lndloate nature of work) X x • 16. INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF FOR CORRESPONDENCE COURSES, SHORT COURSES 2/, AND INDIVIDUAL LESSONS (as In music, art, speech, eto.) . . 17. INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF FOR ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY INSTRUCTION— 18. In hlgh-eohool grades of a unified combination of high school and Junior oollege (see footnote 10) . . 19. In laboratory, demonstration, or training sohools 11/. and others 12/: 20. Nursery, kindergarten, and elementary sohools . 21. Seoondary schools . . . 22. OTHER FACULTY (please spealfvl 23. TOTAL NUMBER OF DIFFERENT PERSONS In Items 1-22 (NO PERSON COUNTED MORE THAN ONCE) 1 y . 2/ See footnote 2 on adjoining page. 2/ Inolude those engaged speelfloally for researoh work (part tine or full time), and those who have been relieved from some or all other duties In order to carry out systematic, organised research (usually apearateiy budgeted). 10/ Publlo high sohool-Junlor oollege Dominations should report Instructional etaf f «fcr the hlgh-sohoel grades (l.e., grade 12 and below), ONLT if this staff Is not already reported through regular ohannele to the State department of eduoatlon. Private high school- Junior oollege oomblnatlons should report the staff for subeolleglate Instruction, only If the secondary and Junior oollege components of the Institution are fiscally unified or Inseparable. 11/ Refers to sohools or educational projects maintains d by the Institution In order to facilitate praotloe-teaohlng and/or dlreoted observation by students of education, psyohology, social work, home eeo- noalos, eto. Report staff only If paid wholly or partly by Institution funds (as distinguished from public school funds or funds from other outside sources). 12/ Inoludes secondary or preparatory department of a college, devoted primarily to completing the preparation of students for admission to the college; and sohools that are staffed and operated by the In¬ stitution as a convenience to the community. 13/ In many Institutions, the Information called for In Item 23 Is moet readily obtained from payroll or Income tax reoords. To this group, however, must be added those who are rendering service as faoulty members without cash remuneration ("contributed eervlocs"). Also to be Included are faoulty on sabbatical leave. ^ PLEASE TURN THE PACE ^ - « 142 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 SCHEDULE II.— INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF IN SUMMER SESSION: 1953 (If none, please write NONE or NOT APPLICABLE) ITEM MEN WOMEN TOTAL 24. No. of persons on Instructional staff for ooursss of oollege grade 14/ (lnolude those from regular staff as well as speolal summer teaohers) 15/» 25. In main (or only) summer session of 1953 . 26. In all summer sessions of 1953 16/ . X X State no. of summer sessions in 1953 here . | | 14/ The term, "courses of oollege grade," Is defined In footnote 3 on the second page of this booklet. 15/ Include department heads of Instructional units, and professors, associate professors, etc. Include also Junior instructional staff, suoh as teaohlng fellows and teaching assistants. Do NOT lnolude non-teaohing assistants to the instructional staff, suoh as elerks and student help, 16/ Report simply the sun of the instructional staff In the separate sessions. (A person serving In two sessions will thus be counted twloe.) INFORMATION SUPPLIED BT _ _ _ (Name) (Title) (Date) PLEASE CHECK to make sure you have supplied Information requested on first page regarding BRANCH INSTITUTIONS. wo ee7i 74 o PS-U5-56 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States-1951-54 Chapter 4 Section H Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures and Property 1953-54 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HE ALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Highlights More than 1,870 institutions are surveyed in this report, the group extending from Maine and Puerto Rico on the east to California, Alaska, and Guam on the west. Guam enters the higher education system for the first time. The total current income of all higher education was just under $3 billion. Contributions of the Federal Government for higher education totaled nearly $428 million; this was the equivalent of $2.65 for every man, woman, and child in the Nation. About two-thirds of this Federal contribution was for research work. Gifts, bequests, and grants from philanthropically minded individ¬ uals and organizations totaled more than $418 million: the equivalent of $2.59 per person in the Nation. Of the private benefactions, nearly $25 million came in the form of contributed service for which no cash compensation was made. Just over 1 percent of the total national income was devoted to the current expenses of higher education; this is substantially the same percent as has been calculated for previous years. Each man, woman, and child in the United States had, in 1954, an interest amounting to more than $70 in the total amount of assets devoted to higher education: this grand total was well over $11 billion . The total of all endowment funds in higher education was a little more than $3 billion. However, there were more than 800 institutions which had no endowment funds; more than 100 of these were private colleges of liberal arts. Funds available for loan to students totaled more than $49 million; they were available at 974 institutions which enrolled three-fourths of the entire higher education enrollment for the Nation. Five of every six students in the country were enrolled in institutions offering scholarships, fellowships, or other forms of student aid not involving repayment to the institution; approximately $75 million was disbursed for this purpose in 1953-54. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1952-54 Chapter 4 Section II Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures and Property 1953-54 Henry G. Badger planned the report, supervised preparation of the national tables, and wrote the text, under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Head, Reports and Analysis Section. Mabel C. Rice supervised the analysis of returns, and preparation of the basic State tables, under the general direction of Sidney J. Armore, Head, Statistical Services Section. U. Si DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Marion B. Folsom, Secretary Office of Education • Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1952-54 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1952-54: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1953- 54. Chapter 5. Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53. Chapter 6. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1953-54. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 55 cents Foreword THIS CHAPTER OF THE Biennial Survey of Education continues a series of publications which began with the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education for the academic year 1869-70. An innovation in the present report is the use of “aggregate United States” as a major geographical category. “Aggregate United States” in the present chapter refers to continental United States plus those of the outlying parts, in which higher educational institutions are located (Alaska, Canal Zone, Guam, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) . In recognition of the work of The National Committee on the Preparation of a Manual on College and University Business Administration, and in view of the growing impor¬ tance of financial statistics of higher education, the report- form used for the collection of data for the present chapter was carefully revised, with special attention to the sections on plant funds and nonexpendable funds. Assistance in this revision was solicited and received from the presidents of the regional associations of college and university business officers and from others expert in this field. A copy of the revised form is reproduced at the end of the chapter. The present report places greater emphasis on analysis than was the case with previous chapters in this series. For the most part this analysis is made with respect to curricular- organizational type of institution (universities, liberal arts colleges, teachers colleges, etc.) and with respect to type of control (public and private) . Less emphasis has been placed on geographical location of the institutions. Ten new tables have been added (tables V, VI, IX, X, XIV, XV, XVII, XXII, XXIV, and XXVIII); one table, presenting data by region, has been dropped. The growing importance of contributions of the various governments (Federal, State, and local) to higher education is recognized in special analytical tables dealing with this matter. In like manner, the gifts of private individuals and groups are summarized and analyzed. Other new analyses deal with the operation of auxiliary enterprises, student aid funds, m IV FOREWORD student loan funds, as well as with the relation of the insti¬ tutional payroll to current expenditures, and the use of current or borrowed funds for plant expansion. To the treasurers, comptrollers, business officers, and others who supplied data on which this chapter is based, the Office of Education is under a deep and lasting obligation. Special acknowledgment is made to Harvey Sherer, business officer at Yankton College, and to the officers of the various associations of college and university business officers, who contributed valuable suggestions. Herbert S. Conrad Acting Assistant Commissioner for Research Contents Text Page Foreword _ hi General Trends _ 1 Higher education as a whole _ 2 Historical background _ 3 The 1953-54 situation _ 8 Growth of large institutions _ _ 8 Institutions for the higher education of Negroes _ 9 Institutions in the outlying parts of the United States _ 14 Income (Receipts) _ 14 Income from Federal Government _ 16 Private gifts and grants _ 18 Current income _ 18 Educational and general fund income _ 19 Per capita income _ 19 Percentage analysis of current income _ 23 Chronological shifts _ 38 Regional analysis _ 40 Auxiliary enterprises and activities income. _ 40 Student aid income _ 41 Plant fund receipts _ 44 Receipts for increase of endowment and other nonexpend¬ able funds _ 47 Expenditures _ 48 Current expenditures _ 48 Current expenditures and personal income _ 48 Percentage analysis of current expenditures _ 50 Educational and general expenditures _ 60 Student aid expenditures _ 62 Total current expenditures _ 62 Expenditures for plant expansion _ 63 Property _ 66 Plant and unexpended plant funds _ 66 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds _ 67 Endowment funds per student _ 69 Student loan funds _ 70 Collection of data_ _ 73 Appendix _ 130 v VI CONTENTS Text Tables Page I. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, region, and State: 1953-54 _ 4 II. Historical summary of higher education finance statistics: 1929-30 to 1953-54 _ 6 III. Income, expenditures, and property, by control and type of institution: 1953-54 _ 10 IV. Finances, institutions for the higher education of Negroes: 1953-54 _ 12 V. Income from Federal Government, by control and type of institution: 1953-54 _ 17 VI. Private gifts and grants, by type and control of institution: 1953-54 _ 20 VII. Current income per capita from public and pri¬ vate sources, and private gifts per student, non- Federal institutions of higher education, except United States Service Academies, by region and State: 1953-54 _ 24 VIII. Percentage analysis, educational and general income and total current income: 1953-54 _ 28 IX. Educational and general income from public sources: 1951-52 and 1953-54 _ 32 X. Federal grants for research, by type and control of institution: 1953-54 _ 33 XI. Estimated value of contributed service, by control and type of institution: 1931-32 to 1953-54 _ 37 XII. Income for educational and general purposes, by source: 1923-24, 1933-34, 1943-44, and 1953-54.. 39 XIII. Income for educational and general purposes, by region: 1939-40, 1949-50, 1951-52, and 1953-54. _ 40 XIV. Auxiliary enterprise fund operations, by purpose and by type and control of institution: 1953-54 _ 41 XV. Student aid fund operations, by control and type of institution: 1953-54 _ 42 XVI. Plant fund receipts, including loans and transfers, by region: 1939-40, 1949-50, 1951-52, and 1953-54.. 45 XVII. Loans to plant funds, by type and control of institu¬ tion and by type of loan: 1953-54 _ 46 XVIII. Receipts for endowment and other nonexpendable funds, by control and type of institution, and by class of fund: 1953-54 - 47 XIX. Percent of personal income devoted to higher educa¬ tion, by region and State: 1953-54.. - - 49 CONTENTS Vn Page XX. Percentage analysis, current expenditures, by control and type of institution and by function: 1 953-54 _ 56 XXI. Educational and general expenditures, 1953-54, per resident college student enrolled November 1953, by control and type of institution _ 61 XXII. Institutional payroll in relation to certain current expenditures, by control and type of institution: 1953-54 _ 63 XXIII. Expenditures for plant expansion, by control and type of institution: 1953-54 _ 64 XXIV. Current funds expended for plant additions in rela¬ tion to total plant additions and to total plant value at end of year, by control and type of institution: 1953-54 _ 65 XXV. Value, physical plant and plant funds, by control and type of institution: 1954 _ 66 XXVI. Endowment and other nonexpendable funds, by control and type of institution and by class of funds: 1954 _ 68 XXVII. Endowment per student of institutions with endow¬ ment, and number and enrollment of institutions without endowment, by type and control of institution and by predominant race of students: 1954 _ 70 XXVIII. Student loan funds, by control and type of institu¬ tion: 1953-54 _ 73 Basic State Tables 1. Current income, institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 74 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 76 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 78 D. Universities. _ _ 80 E. Liberal arts colleges _ 82 F. Teachers colleges _ 84 G. Junior colleges _ 86 2. Plant fund receipts, institutions of higher education, by source, region, and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 88 B. Publicly controlled institutions. _ _ 90 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 92 VIII CONTENTS Page 3. Plant fund receipts, institutions of higher education, by type of institution, region, and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 94 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 95 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 96 4. Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher ed¬ ucation, by fund, region, and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 97 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 98 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 99 D. Universities _ 100 E. Liberal arts colleges _ 101 F. Teachers colleges _ 102 G. Junior colleges _ 103 5. Current fund expenditures, institutions of higher education, by purpose, region, and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 104 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 106 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 108 D. Universities _ 110 E. Liberal arts colleges _ 112 F. Teachers colleges _ 114 G. Junior colleges _ 116 6. Additions to physical plant, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by control of institution, type of asset, region, and State: 1953-54 _ 118 7. Additions to physical plant, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by type of institution, region, and State: 1953-54 A. All institutions _ 120 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 121 C. Privately controlled institutions _ 122 8. Property, institutions of higher education, by type of asset, region, and State: 1954 A. All institutions _ 123 B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 124 C. Privately controlled institutions. _ _ 125 D. Universities _ 126 E. Liberal arts colleges _ 127 F. Teachers colleges _ 128 G. Junior Colleges _ 129 CONTENTS IX Figures Pasre 1. Endowment earnings, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control: 1930-54 _ 34 2. Endowment earnings per resident college-grade student, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control: 1930-54 _ 35 3. Research expenditures, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control: 1930-54 _ 54 4. Research expenditures in relation to other educational and general expenditures, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control: 1930-54 _ 55 Appendix Tables A. Endowment earnings, institutions of higher education, continental United States, by control: 1930-54. _ 130 B. Endowment earnings per resident college-grade student, institutions of higher education, continental United States, by control: 1930-54 _ 130 C. Research expenditures in relation to other educational and general expenditures, institutions of higher education, continental United States, by control: 1930-54 _ 131 Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property 1953-1954 THE PRESENT REPORT differs from its predecessors in one basic respect: its summaries cover the entire United States, including the outlying parts. Whereas in previous reports, national summaries and textual discussions were based on continental United States only, the present compilation covers what for want of a better term is designated as “aggregate United States” (continental United States plus its outlying parts). To a certain extent, this has disturbed historical continuity. In some instances, the historical tables have been revised to give effect to this change of basis of tabulation. Where this pro¬ cedure did not seem feasible, notations have been made in the body of the table or tables affected. General trends Higher education participated in the general upward movement of economic conditions which prevailed over the United States during the period covered by this report. In many of the various phases of activity measured in the data here summarized, the records of 1953-54 show increases over the corresponding records for 1951-52. Thus total current income increased by 15 percent and private gifts and grants for current purposes (included in this total) went up more than 27 percent. Expenditures for these same purposes in 1953-54 were nearly 17 percent greater than they were in 1951-52. During the same period funds received for increase of the physical plant increased a little over 60 percent and expenditures for this purpose increased by 31 percent. The total value of endowment funds also increased by 11 percent, and the total value of plant and equipment increased slightly more than 8 percent. A decrease of 7.5 percent was noted in contributions of the United States Government for current purposes and a decrease of nearly 1 Many persons assisted in the preparation of this report. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Stanton C. Cratgie, who assisted with the national summaries, other text table, and graphs; also to Neva Carlson, Theodore Thompson, Ada Boehly, Mary Cox, Dorothy Gray, Doris Holladay, George Lind, Alice Pool, Hazel Poole, Rowland Price, Leah Ramsey, Lois Roberson, and Lillian Robinson, who assisted in collecting and processing the questionnaires on which the present report is based. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 10 percent was also reported in the total amount of funds held subject to annuity agreements. This latter fund group is a transitory one, with funds coming in by gift or bequest and being transferred to other funds at the death of the annuitants; a reduction here is thus normally accompanied by an increase in some other permanent asset of the institution involved. The continuing faith of the American people in higher education was again expressed in the form of private donations for various purposes, amounting in grand total to more than $418 million. This figure includes gifts and grants of more than $191 million for current educational and general purposes, nearly $17 million for student aid, almost $104 million for plant expansion, and well over $106 million for increase of permanent funds. The total of $418 million is the equivalent of $2.59 for every man, woman, and child in the civilian population in continental United States plus such of the outlying parts as maintained higher educational facilities (Alaska, Canal Zone, Guam, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) on July 1, 1953. This is 25.1 percent more than the $2.07 calculated (continental United States only) for 1951-52 and 52.4 percent above the corresponding figure of $1.70 calculated for 1949-50. These may be compared with the increases in per capita income of the United States (not including outlying parts) from 1951 to 1953 (8.1 percent) and from 1949 to 1953 (29.1 percent), as calcu¬ lated from data compiled by the United States Department of Commerce.2 Higher Education As a Whole From 1951-52 to 1953-54 the total number of higher educational institutions in continental United States increased from 1,832 to 1,863: an increase of 31, or 1.7 percent. Including the institutions in the outlying parts brings the 1951-52 total to 1,837 and that for 1953-54 to 1,871. This results in an increase of 34 ,or 1.9 percent, for the 2-year period (table I) .3 The total permanent and semi-permanent investment of the United States in grounds, buildings, equipment, and funds for higher educa¬ tion in 1954 amounted to $11,345,265,359. This was the equivalent of nearly $4,476 for each of the 2,534,709 resident students of college grade registered during the academic year 1953-54, regardless of the percent of time for which registered. Of the total, $8,032,700,340, or $3,169 per student, was in the form of plant assets: Land, build- 1 Robert E. Graham, Jr., State income payments in 1953, in Survey of Current Business, 34 : 15, August 1954. 3 Throughout this chapter tables having Roman numerals are nationwide summaries or derivative tables and will be found in various places in the text. Tables bearing Arabic numerals are State summary tables and will be found in serial order following the textual discussion. Tables designated by letter refer to the graphs and will be found in the appendix. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 3 ings, improvements other than buildings, furniture, scientific equip¬ ment, library books, and funds set aside but not yet spent for plant expansion. Endowment funds amounted to $3,196,120,125, or $1,261 per student. Student loan funds amounting to $49,192,177 (a little over $19 per student) and funds held subject to annuity agreements (not pension funds) amounting to $67,252,717 (a little less than $27 per student) complete the inventory of assets. The per student figures given here apply only to the grand total of higher education. Although all institutions have some plant assets, not all have funds of all three types. For example, 805, or 43 percent, of the 1,871 institutions, enrolling 25 percent of the resident students of college grade in November 1953 have no endow¬ ment funds of any type. The current budget for the 1,871 institutions of higher education in 1953-54 came to just under $3 billion. Historical Background. — It is not inaccurate to speak of higher education finance as a new science. It is true that some records of finance have been made and kept since the time when the tiny insti¬ tution which is now Harvard University received its first bequest. It is also true that beginning with the first annual report of the United States Commissioner of Education (1869-70), the Bureau (now Office) of Education has published some data on the finances of the various universities and colleges in the Nation. Up to about 1930, however, the literature of higher education finance was limited in both amount and scope. Financial reports were apparently published by only a small fraction of the institutions, and these reports were extremely varied in both form and content. For this reason, although limited data are available for the years prior to 1929-30, the present summaries of finance start with that year (table II) . At that time the total permanent investment in higher education for the Nation, as reported to the Office of Education, was $3,437,- 117,917, of which the plant was valued at $2,065,049,443, or 60 percent and the various permanent funds came to $1,372,068,474, or 40 percent. These figures should not be related to student en¬ rollment in even as rough a fashion as is here done for the 1953-54 figures because the percentage of response to financial inquiries in 1929-30 was much lower than that to inquiries on faculty and student matters. Table I. — Number of institutions of higher education , by type , control , region , and State: 1953-54 Junior Colleges1 M Privately H controlled 2; 2 IAL us SURV to us N N W M EY lO OF EDUCATR ■(CMMhnoohhn DN , 1952-1954 0«N(0-HHOH CO (N CO 113 WNh Publicly controlled us eo at at N w S3 i-< HN COkOH 101 wNKS'H'pHOSM'if V ! S3 Is * Independently Organized Professional Schools Other schools Privately controlled eo § § 8 Cl T-*OC os coco »o OS H -*< ^ GO ! CO cs I S3 Publicly controlled N 18 18 © ! oo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 || r- l 1 i 1 1 1 i Theolog¬ ical schools, all pri¬ vately controlled s 115 115 8 *§>•§ §2, CO •^ t> ©« x <9 a3 fp s£ o eJ _, _, ■— O M a 2 ?■£ 2 o 3 P o — §5*5 3 -sJOOWPh 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting Institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. Table II. — Historical summary of higher education finance statistics: 1929-30 to 1953-54 [In thousands of dollars] 1953-54 BIE O ;NN 3 s © of 09- 2, 356, 506 > SURVEY OF EDUCA'] 05 00O)tOCO00CCO5NC^ It O 00 » t"* C0N05iC05W»ONC0 i i-H It 0005 i of csf ^ooVhiooo on ! jo 11 Jo00 ! no 18 © cf r N, 1952 00 © © © © CO 00 © © 00 00 cf CO CO of CO rH © CO 106, 538 1 h-A 954 i-H © © rH © 00 r- 1951-52 © $2,562,451 00 00 8‘ o of *h o e* 05 c 05 CO < CO O iD CD CD ID 05 HOOWOOir.NH CS - Tt« O 00 CD 00 S C ' O f-H C 'CSX' CD 05 - H ,’C fl fp-i-sg* gS § £ 2c^ H B0 hf +3 a *3 420234-57- •'3s 2 O-Td ■3 E3 ^2 Ph£ ■d *-"d ,-, S<2_o S &.-S a O 3® 'C c W-T ItoV S ! 2, 241, 108 2, 241, 108 Public W $1, 410, 802 ^ N rH t- t>Too CO © 2, 156, 653 2, 156, 653 Total 11 CO ! o ^ i CD *Or-.e*©i-H©CS| CN©^rHC^T^CO*-HC^ 0.21 t^C^.-H©©©t^»0©t^C^*0 HCCWnHWHNrHHHH OO 1 ■ Total N US ti* 2.80 h N H CO >0 Oi 00 Oi O »-HCO©CSC^Tfr^©t^ HOOHHNHHH 1.95 4. 27 1.30 2. 29 .90 1.84 2.09 1. 17 1.14 1.34 .87 1.24 1.31 Total N $7. 62 7. 68 5.80 oscoopONOJ^oo coco»oni ^ cd cd oo d d © h CO © CO CS CO C* CS o © 25 04 CO 52.32 25. 45 44. 49 56.71 70. 92 32.31 80. 10 17. 03 75. 53 140.93 60. 09 17. 97 © 37.96 kO © 00 ©^ CO s cS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 5 Ntdd^ONcod^oow^dtd^N •OOO^NHiOH^OCSNOTfOH CO cd ^COCOOONOt}<^ONCO co2>i-*i-«co^<050^c^c5 idddsdcddsd^H i HCON^rH <30 A r»‘ ?5 S e* © ^ c5« So OM^tONNONCOO^COOWiHM 00 NOTf^HOtOOi^cOM^^WiOWFH »-< tdddN^HdN^NNddddd d OfONCOOTfO^»OCCWNNON- **H^« • •_; ’.H • *fH • • “ d Is d O^iOOOiOiONcOOOO MOONCOOHfHCONrH ©’ 2g © ©CS i^O<0»CiOCOWtOiOcPM»HCS ^ O IHHWOHOOOOOOCOOO ^ 1 1 1 (M 1 10 ©r^©cor^©T*©c^ojt^ 0^^>00«>CNhh^ 1 d 0 i * OOC§2ocO $3 22 c5 S CO © C$ - O *-< ooooooooo ooo o I © d [ 1 •-'lONMM^NCD^Tf'CS ©©COOOO^h ©C^ ©Oi | QC O 1 © © CO © HTf©©© 00 d NWOIOHOIOQIOHQOOHIOO^ o HMO^^H^CO^^OH^COO ^ © 05 1 ° — i©©aooit^C5oo»oa5i-i 1 © CO © © ^ ©CO 00 © o* j 1 eo ©* o §s *0 d ^lONNOWO^OQCOiOOiOON ! © t^» oo cs *5 © o* ^ co co *<* ■ g o ©©©©©i00^05(M© ^ 00 © © © ^ © CO | Is © © 1 1, 1 ° S3 d ^■4 ^ *-« t>» co ^ O © ^$< © © 05 oo CO d OOCOCOC^OOO^rf*©^^ ^^©hhhNNOWh j 1 10 ] © © §2 5 CO CO Tt« © © 0* -*< © ^ © OO CO CO CO i-« ^ 05 co ^ o* oo o *•* d o* oo *-» oo co ‘hhhh * rH 00 1-^ 1-4 *-i * * 1-J * * d 1 ss 00 §S2=32S^g^S§ I 'NdHinddiHcond I s r-t © © 00 ^Tf©0© dn * * *h r- o* cd ffl«OON^NOO«af)NHONO eo ®N»MO‘0«iaoOeoOO'HM'>},00 00 ■^<»do6t>'^<«*iod«»di£>d»ciTiJd'<»i I-* ' ^ id p o fl3 StaS.Sal * S-S’Sp - Oeo?«a>1 s o3 w So 2 h g- a 3 © £ .2 s! 3 3 & <;ocspL<^ area; excludes those overseas, July 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 When the 1953-54 current income of all institutions (including the United States Service Academies) is tabulated by control of insti¬ tution, and when these tabulations are analyzed percentagewise alongside those on faculty, students, and degrees, certain facts develop (table VIII): (1) Although only 35.6 percent of these institutions were under public control in 1953-54, they employed 52.3 percent of the faculty, enrolled 54.2 percent of the resident students of college grade, con¬ ferred 51.2 percent of the earned degrees and received 57.5 percent of the educational and general income. (2) More than two-fifths, or 40.54 percent, of the educational and general income of privately controlled institutions was obtained from students as fees for matriculation, tuition, and laboratory charges. Less than one-ninth, or 10.93 percent, of the corresponding income of publicly controlled institutions was from students. If payment of veterans tuition and other educational fees by the Federal Govern¬ ment is added to the payment by or for nonveteran students, total tuition percentages become 43.23 for private and 12.22 for public institutions. (3) For every dollar paid by students themselves at publicly con¬ trolled institutions, $2.74 was paid at those under private control. Adding the payments by the Federal Government on behalf of veterans, this ratio became $1 to $2.11. (4) Every dollar of endowment earnings received at publicly con¬ trolled institutions was matched by $7.67 at those under private control. Of this $7.67, universities received $4.20, liberal arts colleges $2.21, and technological schools 72 cents. (5) The importance of contributions by the Federal Government to higher education has long been recognized by college and uni¬ versity administrators. This contribution, amounting to a little more than $524 million in 1949-50, dropped to $451,010,450 in 1951-52 and to $417,096,776 in continental United States in 1953-54. The 1953-54 amount for the entire United States, including the out¬ lying parts, was $419,542,693. Of this grand total, institutions under public control received $217,001,062, or 51.7 percent, and those under private control received $202,541,631, or 48.3 percent. Of the nearly $420 million contributed by the Federal Government to higher education, $282,379,078, or 67.3 percent, was for research. Among the privately controlled institutions 83.2 percent of the Federal contribution was for research, but it was only 52.5 for those insti¬ tutions under public control. A comparison of institutions by level or type brings out other differences in sources of income. Public sources accounted for nearly four-sevenths (53.4 percent) of the educational and general income of HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 27 all institutions of higher education in 1953-54. This contribution reached its highest percentage among teachers colleges (79.1 percent), the high percent being a reflection of the fact that in November 1953 20 out of every 21 (95.3 percent) of the students in these colleges were in colleges under public control. Junior colleges and other nondegree institutions of the undergraduate level received 67.7 percent of their income from public sources, and universities of complex organization received 56.7 percent of their total educational and general income from these sources. The figures here used included payments by the Federal Govern¬ ment for veterans’ educational fees. Excluding these payments, which under previously normal conditions would have come from students, the percentages for other payments from public sources would become: all institutions, 51.6; teachers colleges, 77.7; junior colleges and other non-degree undergraduate institutions, 65.9, and universities, 54.9. Local governments supplied 38.0 percent of the educational and general income of institutions operating at the junior college level, but only 3.7 percent of that of all higher education as a whole. There is reason to suspect that other elements, for example, size of student body, geographic region, or internal organization of school, may bear some relation to distribution of income by source. In some localities the publicly controlled junior colleges charge moderate fees or none at all; in others the privately controlled institutions of all types receive public funds as a matter of tradition. The present report, however, does not include detailed analyses of any of these elements. Student fees. — Income from students for fees (including matricula¬ tion, tuition, laboratory, library, health, and other fees, but not room or meal charges) amounted in 1953-54 to $554,178,931 for the 1,871 institutions in the entire United States and $551,423,908 for the 1,863 in continental United States. The continental United States figure represents an increase of $104,832,999, or 23.5 percent over the $446,590,909 reported in 1951-52. It is 39.7 percent greater than the $394,609,813 reported in 1949-50. Of the 1953-54 total of student fees collected, $148,063,019, or 26.7 percent, was collected at publicly controlled institutions and $406,115,912, or 73.3 percent, at those under private control. Uni¬ versities received 48.9 percent of the grand total of $554,178,931 and liberal arts colleges 32.5 percent. The remaining 18.6 percent was divided among the smaller groups of institutions with technological schools receiving 5 percent and junior colleges 4.9 percent. Theo¬ logical institutions received 0.9 of 1 percent. Table VIII. — Percentage analysis , educational and general income and total current income: 1953—54 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Privately controlled institutions Amount as percent of— Total current income s 30. 89 2.05 13. 36 1.66 .13 8.58 11.61 5. 45 2. 45 76. 18 22. 10 1.72 100. 00 28.23 2.37 18.12 3. 05 .15 9.79 9.66 7.79 3.33 82. 49 15.72 1.79 100. 00 Educational and general income c* 40. 54 2.69 17. 53 2.18 .18 11.26 15. 25 7.16 3. 21 100.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 34.23 2. 87 21.97 3.70 .18 11.87 11.70 9. 44 4. 04 00 001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Amount oo $406,116 26,943 175, 599 21,879 1,754 112, 829 152, 709 71, 707 32, 182 1,001,717 290, 569 22, 564 1, 314, 850 178, 141 14, 915 114, 331 19, 257 963 61, 773 60,911 49,145 21, 021 520, 456 99, 206 11, 298 I ■ 1 Publicly controlled institutions Amount as percent of— Total current income 8. 97 1.06 12.09 44. 18 5.23 .89 2.33 5.68 1.61 82.04 17. 33 .63 100. 00 8.78 1.01 14.20 42.64 2. 94 1.20 3. 21 7.05 1.87 82.90 16.35 1 . 75 100. 00 J Educational and general income o 10.93 1.29 14.73 53.86 6.38 1.08 2. 85 6. 92 1.96 100.00 1 1 i i 10. 59 1.22 17. 13 51.43 3. 55 1.44 3. 87 8. 51 2.26 oo -ooi ; 1 1 1 1 ! 1 Amount $148, 063 17, 425 199, 576 729, 677 86, 444 14, 704 38, 550 93, 770 26, 580 1, 354, 789 286, 271 10, 355 LS o 93, 021 10, 740 150, 411 451, 721 31, 187 12,681 34, 019 74, 691 19, 859 878,330 173,270 7,899 § i All institutions Amount as percent of — Total current income 18.68 1.49 12. 65 25.34 2. 97 4. 30 6. 45 5. 58 1.98 79. 44 19. 45 1.11 . 100. 00 16. 04 1.52 15. 66 27. 86 1.90 4.40 5. 62 7.33 2.42 82.75 16.12 1.13 00 'OOI E ducat irnal and general income eo 23. 52 1.88 14. 92 31.89 3.74 5. 41 8.12 7. 02 2. 50 100.00 ! 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 19.39 1.83 18.93 33. 67 2.30 5. 32 6.79 8.85 2. 92 o o 8 I Amount w $554, 179 44, 368 375,175 751, 556 88,198 127, 533 191, 259 165, 477 58, 762 2, 356, 506 576, 840 32, 918 2 w CflT CO N 271, 162 25, 655 264, 742 470, 978 32, 150 74, 454 94, 930 123, 837 40, 879 1, 398, 786 272, 476 19, 197 t 1 Type of institution and type of income - I. All Institutions: Educational and general: Student fees . . . Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition . . . . Other receipts . . . . State governments _ _ _ _ Local governments _ _ Endowment earnings _ _ _ Private gifts _ _ Sales and services... . . . . Other sources _ _ _ _ Total . . . . . . Auxiliarv enternrises C N !C c Jc 1 o c OQ Total current income _ _ II. Universities: Educational and general: Student fees . . . . . Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition... . . Other receipts . . State governments _ _ Local governments . . . . . Endowment earnings . . Private gifts . . . . . Sales and services _ _ _ Other sources . . Total . . Auxiliarv enternrises Scholarships, prizes _ _ Total current Income _ Table VIII. — Percentage analysis , educational and general income and total current income: 1953-54 — Continued [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 Ofcg ** gs 111 s-ga H 3 O co c* e* 10 co 10 e* bocovooNH 8 SSS528S28 22 - 5 iO iO C* CO 00 00 SO ’t^id * * cd id ' •a «ga |fc8 ** ga <55 bOOO^OONH * cd Tt< * o4 NOhOMht}<0> N^OWOSOOOSiH c^i ^ id ‘hoo^h Hi gal H « © oooo>onwh s ~ 'sg '« > rt< (N ® CO CO 00 ■ONC^OIIN NdfflH eo im . S3! CO (.fflif ^ji'iJO'X'N S8 82g2S3833 S* ^S? 31 gi 09 ^*3 a g s a w a ft 3 p* S sa. 3 i v i Nia^ ® 2 OQ be I C ^ © fl g •3 C r< © 3 « o ■s «-3- o «l|g>5 ^ H-SS © ©3 3 £ « « gs ” *= ® « > £ S3 bfi'O 5 3 0 ■r co SoflO ° £ g g oot^io 04 NINGO 00 t- HINCD H-d c3 a a o a S3 g 'O & H fl CO^H CO CO ioi^© o co 05 04 CO 04 00 co co *- o CO c co id c o^l'Sa ^ 2 ® 5 ® iO 04 05 04 CO CO CO 04 O CO 00 oo 04 N«OH rH T“1 to I 00 to r! rc 2S& I IO 1-H S ■a g Ofc#3 © co S ©co ei rH 33 W§ 3 ”-313 a 5 a a a o a£ o ga-|i.S glfBg ”^3 gS a-a ffl m SI w3 %’S gg-2g ^igs Ph O X3-S °N'H lis •£ s oh 2 QW O-H O b'S Ks-g <1H ® 3 a a 33 a. -g# 2 aV 3 ’O 03 a a 3 «|1| C3 03 C SS^-giS w a 33:? ” £x3 s§.g 2-ia 8.20 I 50,280 I 13.07 HIGHER EDUCATION - RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 57 CO t"- " t-h 00 DOOM Qic co CO 00 CM io cm cm i-5 ss: i-(OC t'- CM T >C CO ^ x* © x*3 t>I CM lO i-i .hoo o CM iO iH CM 00 iO 05 x ro © © 3;t-co 00 -H CO ^H 2 CO 00 lOfHCO CM 05 00 CO O CM lO 05 *-h CM 1C CO t> cm" i>T C«h xf -h ^ CO ic 00 xt< O N CM CM CM 05 U- CO CM i-< sgs CC 00 lO 1-H 05 X* C O CM CM CC 1-3 00 1-H 05 CO 00 CO CO CM 05 00 *0 05 05 CM 1-H CO 05 CM C O O C CM © »C IQ cocot^ io CO 00 ^ 05 CO CM CO 00 00 CM © CO » o t— 1 ^ co co ' 05 X}3 05 I ic 1-H ONO rr:r CM © © 332 05 00 CO t^©~ 05" r>. co ic co cm CO CM CM CO 00 lo > co oo ) 00 CM i *0 CM O CM 05 CO t>- « CM xf< C xt< 05 05 00 1-H o CO CO lO CM 00^5 00 o xj5 CM CM : 05 CM rji • 00 Xf< 05 I © 1-H CM iO 05 — ? i r_ ococo ' 1-H : Q co 5 CM CM l> CO ^ O © »c CO © iCr-T N CO CO t- CM 2 3 oo © © *C CO CO CO CO CM 05 05 o co II ■=•5 « s 3 a il'SS O Si ■C 3 a g — Qi « m cS o £ ' bo 3.3 I h cjtj a ' fe. ~ e ® ! Sga’O | °gcc ; 0“2g ! £ eg c ! 2 08 is o > •r _ m s ss H 3 '3 © •£ , CJ3 >-• ►3 o i © I 2 © & :Sa 2 a 8| . I'S-a §-§g 1 HI H jj J ! m 3 R :§!§ | a® ’OoS •jg£ l£s i ® s 1 ® w w S? £ 3 ®3 1 M 3 c c ft .ySS g outs a - §§§■§ S gas's c © c^} a “Is e 3 OS cg£g 0*^-2 IIIs IP' a ®d 5£ Is it ■g-3 g "3 >> w.c 3 es- £ g? o J5.C P 3 b a OS _, c m l£S o Co H~-s Table XX. — Percentage analysis , current expenditures , by control and type of institution and by function: 1953-54— Continued [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Due to rounding detail may fail to add to total] 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 d*d in B g a © Oi«j5 fl o3 T3 © H 3 rt-a h ©-2 ©,3 § ph« 2 0© *3 2 o H ® 9 3 S H a bc_ _r.S -g x ^ ^18 d'd c g a t g s T3 S H d - d ^ • d 3^ I ©5 ©"g d ^ s O £ h W sw 005 o OCOH t>« oo co O CO *— < Tf o < MOh CO < cd co " oi oo i 0 d J2 ll rr-( ^ j3 35 sa ® tf ,y “S Sg^S1 O g es^ ill! 2sss § 3 S’gS | ^'3 H §<^>Shh w£ ^H 18.64 * 18.18 1 12.64 1 . . I _ L. . --1 . 1 3,675 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Educational and general expenditures. — The grand total of all educational and general expenditures in 1953-54 was $2,288,350,- 450. This was 78.84 percent of the total current expenditures ($2,902,465,562) for the year. The gradually increasing emphasis on these functions of a higher educational institution, as contrasted with the other current expenditures, noted 2 years ago in this chapter, persisted into 1953-54. The 78.84 percent used for these functions is the highest for several years; in 1943-44 it was only 74.89. When the 1953-54 total of educational and general expenditures is considered in relation to resident college students enrolled in the various types of institution, some very pronounced differences become apparent (table XXI) . A convenient measure for this purpose is the number of resident college students enrolled in November 1953. In general, publicly controlled institutions expended more per student ($1,106) than did those under private or denominational control ($948), although there are notable exceptions to this observation. The highest expenditure ($3,194) is reported in the heterogeneous group known as “other professional schools/ ’ publicly controlled, and the lowest expenditure ($420) is in the publicly controlled junior college group. These figures become more meaningful when they are refined by eliminating expenditures for research and extension, two activities having but limited relation to the number of resident college students enrolled. When this is done, the average expenditure per student enrolled drops to $811, with decreases of varying magnitude and vary¬ ing proportionate importance in the various institutional groups. Publicly controlled institutions as a group still expended more per student ($841) than those under private control ($777), with the publicly controlled “other professional schools” ($2,741) and the publicly controlled technological schools ($1,057) the most expensive per student and the junior colleges (public $408; private $669) the least expensive. The averages for the “other professional schools” are perhaps the most liable to misinterpretation. This is because the group is quite heterogeneous, including as it does schools of such subjects as agri¬ culture, dentistry, fine arts, labor relations, law, medicine, music, speech, and other fields in which the number of independent schools is not large enough to warrant special tabulation. Some of these institutions had very high expenditures per student, some quite low expenditures. Furthermore, accounting procedures are not com¬ pletely conventionalized in some of these institutions. Thus it is not hard to appreciate not only unusual expenditures per student but also the possibility that the omission of 1 or 2 institutions would HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 61 bring about a marked change in the average expenditure per student for the remaining institutions. It should be clearly understood, of course, that each of these ex¬ penditure figures is derived by dividing one single student factor only (total resident students of college or higher standing as of November 1953) into educational and general expenditures for the entire fiscal year. The student factors do not include subcollegiate students nor those taking summer school work or work under an extension or home study division, nor do they make allowance for full-time or part-time enrollments; but the expenditure figures include expenditures for all these types of students. Furthermore, the student figures relate to a count of students as of a more or less specific time (November 1953), rather than to the total for the academic year 1953-54. The intro¬ duction of any additional factors, either as substitutes for the one here used or as adjuncts to it, would naturally result in adjustments in both the nationwide and type averages and consequent conclusions as to the comparative expensiveness of the various institutional types. Likewise it is to be noted that these figures are by no means unit cost figures in the usual sense of the term. They are more accurately described as index numbers of expenditures, with some chronological significance. They may be used in comparing an institution or group of institutions as of 1953-54 with that same institution or group of institutions as of an earlier or later year. They should not be used as a basis of any but the most general of comparisons among institu¬ tions or groups of institutions as of the same year. Table XXI.— Educational and general expenditures , 1953-54, per resident college student enrolled in November 1953, by control and type of institu¬ tion Type of institution All educational and general expenditures Educational and general expenditures except research and extension and public services All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All institutions, average. . Universities _ _ Liberal arts colleges . . . Teachers colleges _ _ Technological schools . . Theological schools _ _ $1,033 $1, 106 $948 $811 $841 $777 1,334 699 725 1,692 698 1,538 469 1,494 799 727 1,394 1, 130 661 691 1,988 698 1,095 678 951 663 712 1,043 681 1, 407 457 1,023 695 713 1,057 860 651 676 1, 029 681 1, 032 669 Other professional schools _ Junior colleges L__ . 3,194 420 2,741 408 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other institutions of higher education restricted to less than 4 years of work on the undergraduate or terminal-occupational level. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 Auxiliary enterprises expenditures. — The auxiliary enterprise and activity group of expenditures totaled $539,326,309 in 1953-54. Of this amount $272,416,350 was utilized at publicly controlled institu¬ tions and $266,909,959 at those under private control (table XIV). Cafeterias, dining halls, and student residence halls involved the expenditure of $300,860,557. The other $238,465,752 was utilized for the various activities referred to in the discussion of income of auxiliary activities on page 40 of this compilation. Total expenditures for all auxiliary enterprises and activities con¬ stituted 18.58 percent of all current expenditures, using data for the “aggregate United States.” Omitting the outlying parts and using data for continental United States only raises this percent to 18.64, which is slightly below the 19.3 percent reported for this item in 1951-52. Institutional payroll in relation to current expenditure. — It appears that in institutions of higher education as a whole, expenditures for salaries and wages amounted in 1953-54 to 62.2 percent of the total of all current expenditures involving personal service (table XXII). These expenditures included those for educational and general and for auxiliary enterprises purposes; student aid expenditures were not included since they involved no personal service compensation. Institutions involved in this calculation were those reporting their total payroll exclusive of those depending heavily on contributed or nonsalaried service. Like many other figures used in the present chapter, this percent (62.2) is an average, as are the percents given in the table. They should be regarded as exploratory and indicatory; they are not normative. Local conditions, such as an unusually high or low faculty salary schedule or wage scale for custodial employees, the existence or lack of dormitory facilities, and the like, may cause a wide diver¬ gence of any individual institution from the average for its group. Finally, differences in accounting procedures from one institution to another could cause some differences in these figures. Student aid expenditures. — Nearly $75 million was paid out for fellowships, scholarships, prizes, and other forms of student aid during the year under review (table XV), the exact figure being $74,788,803. Universities utilized half of these moneys ($37,723,273) and liberal arts colleges a little more than one-fourth of it. Teachers colleges and junior colleges spent less than 2 percent each and theological schools just 1.5 percent. Technological schools used 15 percent, and the other 1 percent was used by institutions in the heterogeneous group of “other professional schools.” Total current expenditures. — The total of all current expendi¬ tures for higher education in the United States (continental plus HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 63 Table XXII. — Institutional payroll in relation to certain current expenditures , by control and type of institution: 1953-54 Control and type of institution Expenditures Institutional payroll Educational and general For auxil¬ iary enter¬ prises Total Amount Percent of total expendi¬ tures shown i 2 3 4 5 6 All Institutions Reporting _ Universities _ ..... . . . $2, 072, 150, 026 $475, 432, 887 $2, 547, 582, 913 $1, 585, 417, 114 62.2 1, 303, 358, 216 342, 316, 837 98. 747. 301 153, 150, 824 16, 140. 378 73, 311, 374 85, 125, 096 251, 685, 166 146, 941, 208 32, 581, 435 24, 882, 398 6, 041, 781 4, 960. 139 8, 340, 760 1, 555, 043, 382 489, 258, 045 131, 328, 736 178, 033, 222 22, 182, 159 78, 271, 513 93, 465, 856 988, 857, 201 275, 645, 685 85, 831, 193 107, 821, 109 12, 456, 550 48, 713, 193 66, 092, 183 63.6 56.3 65.4 60.6 56.2 62.2 70.7 Liberal arts colleges . ... . . Teachers colleges . . Technological schools. .. Theological schools. Other professional schools _ Junior colleges 1 _ . . Publicly Controlled Institu¬ tions _ _ _ _ . 1, 193, 550, 726 249, 187, 989 1, 442, 738, 715 946, 210, 062 65.6 Universities. . 842, 877, 494 107, 236, 485 95. 400, 573 51, 876, 763 37, 636. 317 58, 523, 094 162, 709, 769 30, 857, 132 31, 436, 899 15, 352, 802 1, 681, 860 7. 149, 527 1, 005, 587, 263 138, 093, 617 126, 837, 472 67, 229, 565 39, 318, 177 65, 672, 621 664, 598, 312 87, 461, 816 83, 053, 371 41, 021, 795 24, 549, 913 45. 524, 855 66. 1 63.3 65.5 61.0 62.4 69.3 Liberal arts colleges . Teachers colleges.. . _ Technological schools . . . O ther professional schools . ... Junior colleges 1 _ Privately Controlled Institu¬ tions... _ _ _ 878, 599, 300 226, 244, 898 1, 104, 844, 198 639, 207, 052 57.9 Universities... . . . 460, 480, 722 235, 080, 352 3, 346, 728 101, 274, 061 16, 140, 378 35,675, 057 26, 602, 002 88, 975, 397 116, 084, 076 1, 144, 536 9, 529, 596 6, 041, 781 3, 278, 279 1,191,233 549, 456,119 351, 164, 428 4, 491, 264 110,803, 657 22, 182, 159 38, 953, 336 27, 793. 235 324, 258, 889 188, 183, 869 2, 777, 822 66, 799, 314 12, 456, 550 24, 163, 280 20, 567, 328 59.0 53.6 61.8 60.3 56.2 62.0 74.0 Liberal arts colleges . Teachers colleges . . . Technological schools. . Theological schools.. . Other professional schools _ Junior colleges i _ _ . . 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. outlying parts) was $2,902,465,562. This is the equivalent of $7,951,960 (nearly $8 million) per day for the fiscal year 1953-54. Expenditures for Plant Expansion A total of $533,127,907 was expended on increasing the physical properties of the 1,871 institutions of higher education in 1953-54 (table XXIII) . This included the purchase of additional ground for educational or auxiliary purposes (not including the acquisition of real estate for investment purposes) ; the purchase, construction, or remodeling of buildings; the purchase of new equipment; and other items of this nature. Of the total, $2,324,365 was utilized in the outlying parts of the Nation and $530,803,542 in continental United States. This continental United States figure is more than 27 percent above the previous peak figure for this item, reported in 1949-50. Of the grand total of more than $533 million, publicly controlled institutions utilized 62.80 percent and those under private control 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 37.20 percent. Universities utilized 51.18 percent of the total, with other types in lesser portions; theological schools expended only 1.57 percent of the total amount. Table XXIII. — Expenditures for plant expansion , by control and type of institution: 1953-54 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] Type of institution Amount Percent Total Control Total Control Public Private Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All types, total . . Universities _ _ _ _ Liberal arts colleges _ Teachers colleges . . . . Technological schools. . . $533, 138 $334,814 $198,314 100. 00 62.80 37.20 272, 863 124, 629 49, 484 24, 738 8. 359 26, 497 26, 556 193, 276 42, 751 48, 142 10, 166 79, 587 81, 878 1, 342 14, 573 8. 359 5, 930 6,644 51.18 23. 38 9.28 4. 64 1.57 4. 97 4.98 36. 25 8. 02 9. 03 1.91 14.93 15. 36 .25 2.73 1. 57 1.11 1.25 Theological schools .. Other professional schools _ Junior colleges L . . . . 20, 567 19, 912 3.86 3.73 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting insti¬ tutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. Data not published here in detail show that of the $533,127,907 expended for plant expansion $20,108,217, or 3.77 percent, was used to acquire land, $298,645,654 (56.02 percent) for buildings and im¬ provements other than buildings completed during the year, $124,532,523 (23.36 percent) for construction work not yet finished at the end of the fiscal year, and $89,841,513 (16.85 percent) for furniture, scientific equipment, library books, and other equipment not usually attached to buildings. Of the more than $533,000,000 utilized for plant expansion, $440,573,678, or 82.64 percent, was drawn from plant funds and $92,554,229, or 17.36 percent, from current funds (table XXIV). This latter amount included $59,194,134 (11.10 percent of the total) for furniture and $33,360,095 (6.26 percent) for land, buildings, and improvements other than buildings. These amounts and percents varied, of course, with control and type of institution. The $92,554,229 expended from current funds actually amounted to only 1.22 percent of the total value of more than $7.5 billion at the end of the fiscal year. The other $440,573,678 spent from plant funds represented 5.83 percent of the total plant value at the end of the fiscal year. Thus it appears that 7.05 percent of the plant at the end of the year represented new acquisitions. Table XXIV. — Current funds expended for plant additions in relation to total plant additions and to total plant value at end of year, by control and type of institution: 1953-54 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 65 Plant addi¬ tions as a percent of plant value at end of year os 7. 05 cd id cd cd cd 7. 99 8.12 8. 24 7. 61 3. 22 27. 98 7. 45 5. 88 C5 00 CM ^ 00 ^ CO 00 ^ CM ^ CM io id ^ od co co Total current funds expended for plant Percent of— Plant value, end of year QO 1.22 HOOWfNCOC ^ C0005NW 1.53 1.81 1.42 .96 .90 1.19 1.38 0.85 1 CM ^ 00 CO CM CM CO 00 Is- CO C5 CO o Total plant additions r» 17. 3G 19. 49 15. 27 13. 33 20. 53 14. 81 7. 86 20. 16 19.12 22.33 17. 26 12. 59 28.01 4. 24 18. 55 14.39 12. 58 14.23 40. 08 15.31 14. 81 20. 42 24.98 Amount CO $92, 554, 229 53, 172, 439 19, 032, 973 6, 597, 690 5, 078, 198 1.237, 943 2, 081, 866 5, 353, 120 64, 015, 218 lomoowc -MOOOOOO nV®N co 28,539,011 10, 010, 104 11,651,988 537, 881 2, 230, 898 1,237,943 1,210, 723 1, 659, 474 Current funds expended for— Other plant additions $33, 360, 095 17, 187, 655 7, 769, 068 2, 519, 962 1, 787, 359 765, 048 751, 951 2, 579, 052 20, 194, 251 CO 00 CM CO CO CD of *h 00 CO co NOOXOOO COOON CO 1-Tof r-T 13,165,844 | © S C§ ^ §5 io t>r T-Ticfucfad cm" i“H GC CO C5 CO *0 i-H CO 00 ^ 05 CO 00 cod' Furniture and equip¬ ment - $59,194,134 35, 984, 784 11,263,905 4, 077, 728 3, 290, 839 472, 895 1,329, 915 2, 774, 068 43, 820, 967 SSSScoS CO lO co CO ‘O of of h 10s td pf go Oi lo cm of »o" co of 1-f CM 15,373,167 | 6, 395, 092 5, 764, 388 106, 581 1, 235, 155 472, 895 552, 548 846, 508 Total plant value, end of year $7, 559, 555, 820 3, 779, 507, 336 1,911,405, 248 662, 825, 941 482, 768, 581 133, 862, 594 165, 066, 297 424,119, 823 4, 189, 085, 025 2, 380, 991,336 518, 989, 593 632, 671,218 315, 555, 621 73, 511,252 267, 366, 005 3,370,470,795 | OlOCOOTtilOX ClCCMCOCJTfrH OONC5iOOX co" id r* cm" cm" 10" cd rH iH LG C »C lO iC >H CM X »C N oo" of cf P-" CO r-H td a C5 co co co C5 CO CO —• 1-H Total plant additions $533, 127, 907 272, 863,171 124, 629, 474 49, 483, 980 24, 738, 445 8, 359, 457 26, 497, 333 26, 556, 047 334, 813, 958 05 O CO O CO O CM O- 00 co oa o CO CO 00 C5 CO CO i-T T-f ic" erT r-f P'- lO ^ CO CO *— * Oi N H rH O Q CO CM 00 cfcfcf 05^Tf r^CMH 198,313,949 79, 586, 842 81, 878, 084 1,342, 097 14, 572, 685 8, 359, 457 5, 930, 337 6, 644, 447 Control and type of institution - All Institutions _ _ — Universities . . . . . . Liberal arts colleges . . . Teachers colleges - - - - - Technological schools . . . - - Theological schools _ _ - .. - - Other professional schools _ - . - Junior colleges 1 . . . - . . Publicly Controlled Institutions _ U niversities - - - - - - . Liberal arts colleges _ _ . . . Teachers colleges . . . . . . Technological schools . . . .. Other professional schools. - - Junior colleges.. . . Privately Controlled Institutions _ _ _ Universities . . . Liberal arts colleges . . . Teachers colleges . . . . . . Technological schools - - - . . Theological schools _ _ _ . ... . . Other professional schools. - - Junior colleges 1 . . . . . . or terminal occupationaflevel. 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Property Plant and Unexpended Plant Funds The total value of physical property and plant funds held by the 1,871 institutions of higher education in the United States (including outlying parts) was just over $8 billion (table XXV), the exact figure being $8,032,700,340. Of this sum $7,559,555,820, or 94.11 percent, was actually invested in land, buildings (both finished and under construction), improvements other than buildings, furniture, and equipment. The other $473,144,520 (5.89 percent) included various liquid assets, such as (1) funds available but not yet spent for plant expansion, (2) funds for retirement of indebtedness, and (3) funded reserves for depreciation of auxiliary property, and similar items. No analysis of these funds by purpose is available. Of the grand total figure just quoted, $37,405,714 was for the out¬ lying parts and $7,995,294,626 was for continental United States. This latter figure in turn included $472,101,466 in liquid funds, and $7,523,193,160 in actual physical plant assets. Since the total invest¬ ment in plant (not including liquid funds) in continental United States in 1952 was $6,373,194,848, it would appear that the 2-year period showed an increase of $1,149,998,312, or 18.04 percent. How much of this increase is an actual increase and how much results from increased building costs can perhaps be inferred from the fact that the index of building costs 6 rose 13.25 percent, (from 400 in July 1951 to 453 in July 1953, using 1913 as the base or 100.0 year). Table XXV. — Value, physical plant and plant funds, by control mid type of institution: 1954 [Amounts in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] Type of institution Amount Percent Total Control Total Control Public Private Public Private * 2 3 4 5 6 7 All types, total _ Universities _ _ _ _ . _ . Liberal arts colleges . _ . Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ _ Technological schools _ _ __ Theological schools . . . f8,032, 700 54,489,960 53,542,740 100. 00 55.90 44. 10 4, 063, 051 2, 010, 066 686, 800 500, 291 138, 682 178, 627 455, 183 2, 584, 725 554, 488 656, 224 322, 716 1, 478, 325 1, 455, 577 30, 576 177, 574 138, 682 95, 404 166, 601 50.58 25. 02 8. 55 6.23 1.73 2.22 5. 67 32.18 6.90 8.17 4.02 18.40 18. 12 .38 2. 21 1.73 1. 19 2. 07 Other professional schools. . . . Junior colleges 1 _ _ 83, 224 288, 582 1.03 3. 60 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting insti¬ tutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. 0 Compiled by Nelson E. Viles of the Office of Education. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 67 Of the 1954 total value of plant and plant funds reported for all the 1,871 institutions, publicly controlled institutions reported 55.90 percent and those under private control 44.10 percent. Eliminating institutions in the outlying parts of the Nation and considering only those in continental United States changes these percents to 55.73 for publicly controlled institutions and 44.27 for those under private control. These percents may be compared with the 54 public and 46 under private control reported for continental United States for 1952. Endowment and Other Nonexpendable Funds Endowment and other nonexpendable funds, including funds func¬ tioning as endowment, student loan funds, and annuity funds, totaled well over $3 billion in 1954 (table XXVI). Exact figures were $3,312,- 565,019 for the aggregate United States and $3,310,227,210 for con¬ tinental United States only. The 1954 total for continental United States exceeded its 1952 counterpart by 11.3 percent. For the entire United States the 1954 figure was 11.4 percent larger than its 1952 counterpart. The 1954 total for aggregate United States included $3,196,120,125 in endowment and funds so functioning, $49,192,177 student loan funds, and $67,252,917 in annuity funds. The term “endowment” is here used to include (1) funds received by an institution with the definite understanding that the principal of the funds will be kept intact and only the earnings expended (en¬ dowment funds) , and (2) funds voted into the endowment fund group by the governing board of the institution concerned, implying the right of such board to withdraw these funds and divert them to another purpose if necessary (funds functioning as endowment). Student loan funds are funds the principal of which is loanable to students, presumably to assist them in maintaining themselves while in school. Under certain circumstances, frequently agreed on be¬ tween the donor of an individual fund and the recipient institution, such funds may be decreased or entirely abolished. For this reason, although they are often carried in the endowment and other non¬ expendable fund group as a matter of convenience, they are not really a part of this group. Annuity funds are those funds which have come into the custody and management of an institution, subject to regular payments of the earnings of the funds by the institution to a beneficiary or bene¬ ficiaries. Reference has already been made (p. 8 and 9) to the fact that a limited number of the larger institutions had in 1954 a large proportion of the endowment of all higher education in the United States. Thus, not only is it true that 1 percent of the institutions had almost 45 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 percent of the endowment; a few other observations may also be made: (1) Twenty-three institutions, which constituted 1.23 percent or just under one-eightieth of the number of institutions, had a total of 49.82 percent of the endowment, or almost exactly one-half of it. (2) The 38 institutions in the Boston Metropolitan area had 10.91 percent of the endowment funds of all higher education in the Nation. (3) The two States of Massachusetts and New York had just over 25 percent of the total endowment funds of all higher education in the Nation. (4) In at least one State (Michigan) the State University had more endowment funds than all other institutions in the State. Table XXVI. — Endowment and other nonexpendable funds , by control and type of institution and by class of fund: 1954 [In thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] Type of fund and type of institution All institu¬ tions Control Public Private * 2 3 4 I. Endowment Funds: i Total _ $3, 196, 120 $599, 320 $2, 596, 801 Universities _ 1, 944, 645 792, 751 12, 448 248, 450 95, 141 53, 243 49, 443 547, 902 28, 546 4, 682 7. 466 1, 396, 742 764, 205 7, 765 240, 984 95, 141 47, 690 44, 273 Liberal arts colleges _ _ Teachers colleges. Technological schools _ Theological schools.. _ _ _ _ Other professional schools . . 5, 553 5, 170 Junior colleges 2._ _ II. Student Loan Funds: Total . . . . . . . 49, 192 18,028 31, 164 Universities.. ..... 27. 212 12, 063 1, 731 4, 547 848 1,289 1, 503 13, 748 1,180 1, 565 834 13, 464 10, 883 166 3, 712 848 954 1, 137 Liberal arts colleges _ Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ _ Technological schools _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools. _ _ _ _ 335 366 Junior colleges 2.. ... . . . III. Annuity Funds: Total _ 67,253 9,710 57, 543 Universities. _ _ _ 33, 129 22, 795 94 3, 323 3,120 357 4, 435 9, 647 59 1 23, 483 22, 736 93 3, 323 3, 120 357 4, 431 Liberal arts colleges Teachers colleges _ Technological schools.. . _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools . . Junior colleges 2 . . ... _ _ _ _ 3 1 Includes funds functioning as endowment. 2 Includes community colleges, technical institutes, normal schools, and other higher educational insti¬ tutions restricted to less than 4 years of work on the undergraduate or terminal-occupational level. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 69 Endowment funds per student. — When enrollment in institu¬ tions of higher education is compared with endowment, as in the accompanying table XXVII, certain facts as respects relative wealth come to light. In this table the total amount of endowment funds (including funds so functioning but not including student loan funds or funds subject to annuity agreements), is used as the dividend; and resident college-grade enrollment, fall of 1953 (without respect to whether the enrollment is for a full or a partial schedule) is used as the divisor. Institutions without endowment funds are not included in the calculations. There were 1,066 institutions which at the end of the fiscal year 1953-54 had some endowment. The total resident college enroll¬ ment of these institutions was 1,663,822 and their total endowment was $3,196,120,125. There was thus an average of $1,921 endow¬ ment back of each of these students. This average was much higher among privately controlled institutions than among those under public control, the differential being 3 or more to 1 in all types of institution. The average was a little higher among institutions at¬ tended predominantly or entirely by Negroes than among those attended predominantly or exclusively by white persons. However, since most of these so-called Negro colleges were privately controlled colleges of liberal arts, it might be well to compare their average of $2,051 with that of $2,149 for all privately controlled liberal arts colleges. Another fact shown in this table is that in November 1953 there were 554,465 students (just one-fourth of the total of 2,218,287) in institutions with no endowment funds. These students were enrolled in 805 institutions, of which 477 were publicly controlled and 328 under private control. Of these 328, 124 were privately controlled colleges of liberal arts. As a general rule, the endowed institutions were much larger in student enrollment than those with no endowment. The actual averages for all endowed institutions was 1,561 students; that for un¬ endowed institutions 689 students. This variation persisted through¬ out almost all categories, although not to the same degree. The only exceptions to it were those of all liberal arts colleges as a group, all junior colleges as a group, and all institutions attended predominantly or entirely by Negroes. In appraising these data, it should be borne in mind that some in¬ stitutions carried in the endowed group had very limited endowment. A casual inspection of data not published here in detail indicates that probably half a dozen schools had endowment of less than $1,000 each; how many others had some funds but still a very limited amount has not been determined. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Table XXVII. — Endowment per student of institutions with endowment , and number and enrollment of institutions without endowment, by type and control of institution and by predominant race of students: 1954 Institutions with endowment 1 Institutions with¬ out endowment Type of institution by control and race Num- Enroll¬ Endowment 1 Num¬ Enroll¬ ber ment 2 Total Per student ber ment 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All Institutions _ 1,066 1, 663, 822 $3, 196, 120, 125 $1, 921 805 554, 465 Universities _ .. _ .... . . 129 1, 008, 520 1, 944, 644, 693 1,923 2 7, 181 Liberal arts colleges _ _ ... 541 424, 643 792, 751, 086 1,867 172 142, 891 Teachers colleges _ . _ . ... _ 47 46, 150 12, 447, 839 270 153 135, 848 Technological schools _ _ 34 80, 879 248, 449, 519 3,072 19 21, 453 Theological schools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 23,689 95, 140, 689 4,016 29 5, 261 Other professional schools _ . _ 69 31, 014 53, 243, 430 1, 717 69 24, 959 Junior colleges 3 . . . 160 48, 927 49, 442, 869 1,011 361 216, 872 Publicly Controlled Institutions _ 190 735, 399 599, 319, 577 815 477 440, 337 Universities _ _ _ 68 564, 861 547, 902, 425 970 1 3,586 Liberal arts colleges _ . . . . _ 34 68, 976 28, 545, 824 414 48 86, 377 Teachers colleges _ 39 42, 350 4, 682, 493 111 137 131, 044 Technological schools.. _ _ _ 14 33, 031 7, 465, 509 226 13 17, 870 Other professional schools. . . . 14 10, 758 5, 552, 999 516 4 1, 527 Junior colleges 3 _ . .. 21 15,423 5, 170, 327 335 274 199, 933 Privately Controlled Institutions... 876 928, 423 2, 596, 800, 548 2,797 328 114, 128 Universities _ _ _ _ _ . . .. 61 443, 659 1, 396, 742, 268 3, 148 1 3,595 Liberal arts colleges. .. _ ... 507 355, 667 764, 205, 262 2, 149 124 56, 514 Teachers colleges _ 8 3,800 7, 765, 346 2, 044 16 4,804 Technological schools.. . ... _ 20 47, 848 240, 984, 010 5, 036 6 3,583 Theological schools ... ._ ... . . . 86 23,689 95, 140, 689 4,016 29 5,261 Other professional schools... . 55 20, 256 47, 690, 431 2, 354 65 23, 432 J unior colleges 3 _ _ _ _ 139 33,504 44, 272, 542 1, 321 87 16, 939 By Predominant Race Within Insti¬ tution: White _ 1, 010 1, 629, 674 3, 126,082,793 1, 918 755 519, 803 Negro _ _ _ _ . . 56 34, 148 70, 037, 332 2, 051 50 34, 662 1 Including funds functioning as endowment. 2 Resident college grade enrollment, full time and part time, November 1953. 3 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes and other institutions of higher edu¬ cation restricted to less than 4 yeais of work on the undergraduate or terminal-occupational level. Student Loan Funds The total of student-loan funds, amounting in 1954 to $49,192,177, has already been alluded to. Of this amount, the institutions in con¬ tinental United States reported $49,085,343 which exceeded the 1952 total of $46,783,866 for institutions in this area by $2,301,477, or 4.92 percent. Of the grand total of $49,192,177 (aggregate United States, (table XXVIII) $31,164,475, or 63.53 percent), was at private¬ ly controlled institutions, the other $18,027,702 (36.47 percent) being at institutions under public control. Total additions to student-loan funds during the year came to $3,045,930, of which $1,862,276 was from private gifts and grants. The remaining $1,183,654 came in the form of net gains on invest¬ ments, interest on or net earnings of investments, and other uniden- Table XXVIII. — Student loan funds, by control and type of institution, 1953-54 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 71 u, 03 W ftg O hOO ® 55 -a 5 S 8 o*~ 60 g -2,g Oo Eng S8 S€ ^3 w £J1 ® ffi ,£3 60 o ® c5 © Is 11 ill's mi 8| 3SSS gggg 3| S5|S ills * Si§;s mi * Sif fill * gsgi nil » S3 S3 Ilfs “§ ms. slil 3g gggs 2|g| “■ Sp;$ 1111 ”' §S|S il'il * I|# Si'll 3 «S §115 SIS! 53 -1 e!I8 1218 8 Igl'I ||1I 3 SU 28 §115 ll§i= SS S 3'g'3S SSS'SS Ss 1115 Ills stf Si §S§S 1§2S S SI# IIP S 8 1 isifl ills ”§ §g|s =isg KS|S |g|| 11 Blsl gill s ifi's siis g SssSKs S§ Slgs? §ggs 13 S' 81# ll'l'l S' 53 l§gs sill Sli'S i'fi'l is Isis 111! i ssaa s^g 83 SSE* iisi 8g g 11# s'l'I'S s' “ss s'sfc's' 1135 Ills Ill'S i'i's'S' ""s' *888 Si §IE8 S8S3 1 Is# i'SIf - ss| gsg'i Ss 1115 IS82 II s' 18# iiil' sg a's's'g IIS* Sell I'sfl 3'i «gg 420234—57- schools, and other higher educational institutions restricted to less than four years at work on the 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 tified sources, including in a few instances some public appropriations. The fact that the net increase in the principal of these funds from 1952 to 1954 (a little over $2.3 million) is less than the total additions to them for 1 year (a little over $3 million) may be a reflection of differences in bookkeeping or administrative handling of loan funds. In at least some instances it may reflect an institutional policy which reduces the principal by canceling student loans under certain con¬ ditions agreed upon at the time of negotiating these loans. Loans granted to students during the year totaled $11,550,173. Repay¬ ments to the amount of $8,479,562 were made by students, some of these repayments undoubtedly being of loans granted in an earlier fiscal year. Of the $49,192,177 balance in these loan funds at the end of the year, $28,459,811 (nearly 58 percent) was carried as “unloaned funds at end of year.” How much of this large balance is due to unwill¬ ingness of a student to borrow money from his Alma Mater and how much to the fact that some funds must be repaid by the end of the fiscal year in which they were granted is not determinable from the data at hand. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 73 Collection of Data for This Report The data which form the greater part of this report were collected by means of a questionnaire, copies of which were sent to all the 1,871 institutions of higher education in continental United States and the outlying parts. This questionnaire is reproduced on pages 132-137, inclusive. In the comparatively few instances where returns were not received at this Office in time for inclusion in this compilation, recourse was had to secondary material or estimates were prepared to cover the institutions concerned. Tables 1 through 8, which summarize the data by region and State, will be found on the following pages. Table 1. — Current income , institutions of higher education , by region and State: 1953-54 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS1 [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 For schol¬ arships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes 3 US ae s> os s* s* s* S” 13, 181 1, 802 283 2,801 311 1,117 4, 355 1, 798 369 346 7. 166 05 00 05 to CT> — 1 i-i|^O:cO NHiGtHCCkOOOON QOU^T^COC^Tt^COrfiO i-T to td\-T of r-T ^ CO t-h 80, 888 ^ ^ oo os rt< h co s* si COOCONNCCCDHrt-CC^N oo 1— 1 to TJH CM 00 CO CO os CO c£? ^ trf r-T t-T id co" r-T IO CO 1 CO r-H Veterans Admin¬ istration for tuition and fees GO US CD St OS St 14, 608 476 85 2,126 61 1, 138 7, 136 3, 348 158 81 © S of H CO to OS OO to r-H CO 00 to 00 to ICINIOOOCOOOOO^NW to CO to CO CO to O f r-T r-T COrH Si T-H r-H SI r-H Total (cols. 4-12) co CD O O CD us us CD GO us OS OS OS St st 631, 499 37, 515 7, 520 134, 383 10, 146 41, 285 254, 153 127, 359 11,331 7, 809 690, 152 163, 590 62, 418 48, 876 31, 448 111,109 52, 896 44, 965 20, 061 8, 646 90, 916 8, 716 46, 511 Total cur- rent-fund income (cols. 3, 13-15) w us © CD US' CD OS 05 St st 777, 504 47, 434 11, 210 168, 370 14, 497 51, 035 297, 849 159, 850 15, 924 11, 337 884, 861 193,031 92, 185 63, 784 37, 604 139, 807 70, 378 58, 338 27, 557 10, 538 123, 659 10, 816 57, 164 Region and State - Aggregate United States — Continental United States _ NORTHEAST- . . Connecticut. _ _ Maine . . . .. Massachusetts.. . . . . New Hampshire _ . _ New Jersey _ _ _ .. New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania- . _ Rhode Island _ _ Vermont _ North Central _ Illinois _ Indiana. .. _ _ _ . .. Iowa _ _ . ... ... _ _ Kansas _ _ _ _ _ _ Michigan. _ _ _ Minnesota . . . . Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska. .. .. _ _ North Dakota _ Ohio.. .. _ _ _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 75 rH NiCOJCCOiOSNNNOOOSCDCOINO O *38f288»3Sg83S3S8 85 © © rH rHOQrHOOCMCM©©00©© 1 © CM CM rH CO CO rH 00 © CO rH © CO H rH CM CM CO CM cm" 1 ll 1 © r» © © £h rH rH r- r^rH©aooocorHt^^cocMoo©rHr^© ^ hohnhnn-^ncminocmcmqox © lOH^OOCD^iOCJCDOOtOO^COON rH CO* CM* COCO ©©t-h"CM OOCO CO ©"-«<" CO" r-T cm © S © CO rH © © i-H rH CM © © 00 © © CO CM © CO © © © © I> © rH © © ©f^oOrH© r-T© CO* i-T i-T rH* cm" ©" 1 ; © © s? ©CM rH CM © rH CO o CM" o ©rH rH CM © © CM ©0000© © CM ^ O rH D- NCDONCDN^cDClNiOHtNCMrHN O © i-h © r>- © oo co oo rn os co rH oo © ©"co © © co ic- ^Vd © © ©" ©"©"cm rH" © © © CO rH © © CM © © © CO HH © © r^©rHCM00©rH©^rH© © CM CO © rH rH © CO © rH rH 1 rH* r*^ rH* rH CO rH ©* j © 1 CO © cm" © © © rH 8 © © © CM © © rH rH t'- CM CO © CM CM © © ©00CM~Ht'-00©00^CM©©©CMCC00 CMCMrH©CMt^©rH©COCO©©rHCM i-h rH~ rH i-T t-h" rH* CO rH rH* © OO CO © © 00 rH © © 00 rH © rH © © ©CIrH©HHCOOOrHCO(N rHO0©rH H H CM O H CO rH* © © CM 3 §8 © 00 rH CMCM©©t^CO©l^©rH©aO©OOOObr rH **H © CM CO rH © rH © © © rH © © CM © © ONH©©HWHrf^^©©^o^ 00 CO NH co wh ^cooi1 © © r^oo©©©©©©^TH© 1 ©COOOrHT-HQOOlCOCOCM© CO © © CM rH rH CO CM © CM rH r-T i-T I © © rH © IS o ©© © rH oo ©i-h oo co ©©©rH© rH © r^lOOO'OCM©GOrH'MiOOOCOOO^Cr-‘0 © 00 © CO © © © CM © © © © H © h CO CO HH CM CM CO CM rH" rH © t-T © cm" CM~ CM CO CM CO CO CM rH © © © © 00 00 tr (MNOhh'hhhcOCO© CM CO © rH CM rH 00 © © rH*' t—T t-h" CO 1-h" II ° r CM CM co © © rH CM So % ©©©O0©©©O0©rHrHO0rHO0CM© © oou-©’— 'i^©©oo^f©cOT-H©’^u-r- © 00 CM rH co © 00 CM rH CM © t>- r-H CM CM © CmVhVht-T rH* CM" l> - © i>- © © th i-h © CM N CO © © COCMl^COrH©CO©COOO©COrH©rH-H rH eMt^CMrHCMrHrHt^rHCO©©rH©COT cm" r-T 00 © §8 of rH CM CO ©© 00 ©© 00 © © COCO©©t'r©l'*.t'>.CM©© ©rH©©©cOrHCO©©© CO CO 1-h" rH CM CO 00 00 rH ° © CM 1 s cf ©©t^Hr © © 00 © © rH rH rH CM CM©©COrHOONN©HTjHcCCONCMfO CM rt<©t>*HTH©©r^©t^©©©r^©oo © © CM CO t> © rH ©©© CO fh CM CO rH oo i-h" CM" © S3 oo" CO CM rH ©©© rH © 00 CO © © rH © © © CO 00 © rH © rH CM CM © rH CO rH © ©* CO © S2S © 00 rH* CM © O0 ^ © © CO rH 00 © rH © OO © © rH CO©©©CMt^t^©©rHrHOOCOCOrHCM © ©©© t>- CO © rH ^ CO CM ©© 00 © 00 © © CMVh*00 00 rH© 00 CO"CM"©"rH © © © cm' ©" s ©" © rH©t^l^rH©©©©rHrH rH 00 CO CO CO rH © rH © CO CM ©© rH rH ©© CM © rH©"tC rH rHCM © CM 3 r* CM © CO CO CO ©CO CM 00 rH rH rH © CM ©" s rH rH © © © © © © © rH 00 rH 00 © © © rH © © CM © rH © CO 1-H 00 rH CM ©©©© CO rH ©©© CO rH CO rH © © © © ©"© ©CM"rHrH© CM ©© ©CO CM"t^* © CM rH CO CO CM CO © rH © CO rH CO © rH 1-H CO © © 00 rH 00 l>- Jn. rH © 00 1-H rH © © © © rH 00 © © rH CM © © CO © CO © rH © 00 © CO rH © oT cT ccT r-T aT to' ©'© © £jCM CM rH CO 00 rH O © 1 CM , CO © NH © © § o CO © 00 © CM 00 © CM © CM © CO rH © t>- © © rH GC 00 © ©ts»HTHCMCOCO©rH©NN rH CO © CO CO 00 1-H t-H rH CM CM © rH CM rn CO CO © OOi-h"© iCrH* CM ©%H ©CCTCO 00 t^T©© CM CO CM rHrHCOrH©CMt-rHCMrHCM©CM CO © rH 00 © rH NHCM©©H©N©©N N © N >C © © rH ^ »C Cl OOt^rH©t>cOCOrH©COvM cm" 1^“ ©" © oT cm" co" © i-h" © © 1 1-H © CO rH CO CM © | ll CO 3 CO rH © CM CM CO © CO © rH oo CM © © rH rH CO CM CO © South _ Alabama _ _ _ - Arkansas _ _ _ Delaware _ . _ _ Florida _ _ Georgia _ _ _ .. Kentucky _ _ ._ _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ ... _ . Mississippi _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee _ . Texas _ _ . ... ... Virginia _ ... . _ . West Virginia _ District of Columbia _ _ West _ _ _ Arizona _ _ _ _ California _ _ _ Colorado _ _ _. Idaho _ .. _ .. Montana _ .. _ . _ Nevada _ _ _ _ New Mexico _ _ ... Oregon _ _ _ Utah _ _ Washington _ _ ... ... Wyoming _ _ 1 oa hJ 0 o CO « o « w CO CO p as P i &> ! £ o 1 | be £ £ i 2 3 ’ 3 O csN a c ^6 a - 3 c i i ■ *3 ; ^ i 35 :w So « £* o o AiE-i I 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological, and Other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. 2 Excludes transfers from other income-accounts or funds and remission of fees for scholarships, fellowships, and prizes. 8 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. Table 1. Current income, institutions of higher education, hy region, and State: 1953— 54— Continued B. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS i 76 ¥ =3 1 5 3 Q BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 For schol¬ arships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes 2 U3 U5 «5 U5 GO ocT O GO 00 05 CO (M GO 05 *0 Te* © 5 Il58i8lllllgsl6ll i of of rf Is 8 SaiSESSBSSS gof ,-f t-T of co i 8 i of j i to S§3Si!!!iiSS§!iS £ 3 Tjf |S33SSSg|BS of s ic ! £ 1 g Sislisislslslsls s eort eo ef>a of^* co aTia ^ j£ k SflllgillEI PooV T-f^fof 2 of §883$ si mmBmmwmm g i § « 1 53 ® ® O efg « 1 8 S -T oV £ 1 mmmmmmz § § i of ja'o'tf of of i co* P" ^ cf to“ l CO 1 2 13*81 of ofo ! i i i N j j II H MM * 111!!!!!;!!;!!!; ja iiijJiiiPill !J S llillliiillli 1 i i j j j i j | j j j j j a mnuiui i mmm 1 ■TcoW csTt -TcoV-T r-T Dormi¬ tories, dining halls eo © ao cd DJ® i aoao , 74, 338 4, 640 1,557 21, 112 1,730 5,102 20, 629 14, 874 2, 732 1,962 51, 227 M<©©00©^^OOCOC<1©i-h i-Hr^coocfcc^t^c^o^T^oc t-T go co~ r-T c'f ^ icT r-T oT of For educational and general purposes from— Other sources N d* d* ao evT cdcd 16, 251 NHNCONNOONiO oocococoDir^coi-it-^ CNJ »OC0 05 000H r-T co of 7,599 Sooc5 COCN©Ih CD Organized activities related to educa¬ tional depart¬ ments $71, 707 71,687 30, 157 48 7 1, 823 398 16, 767 11,004 105 4 16,090 kCCO‘O‘OOONMOOOCO'^0 H'tCiNTfHNN iO © Ohio OO ^ oT co Private gifts and grants ® ® ® ® *D »D 59,055 4, 952 233 13, 530 1, 139 3, 998 23, 034 10, 581 1,327 261 43,905 oc®kD^o*r^®r^©oocoi-H (NrtuOiOiOTfiOHiONiOiC © 00 csr^ Total cur- rent-fund income (cols. 3, 13-15) N ® D* *D ® ao r* H?CD CD CD ** 605,058 33,651 4,962 156, 315 8, 599 44, 368 218, 598 121, 346 11,548 5,672 314,581 117, 457 29, 848 15, 527 6, 054 18, 753 16, 830 36, 007 7,009 352 50, 908 1,735 14, 101 Region and State - Aggregate United States _ . _ Continental United States _ Northeast... . . Connecticut. _ _ _ _ Maine _ _ Massachusetts . . . . . New Hampshire _ New Jersey.. . . New York _ _ .. . Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island . . Vermont . . . . North Central.. . Illinois.. . . . Indiana.. . . Iowa . ..... Kansas. . . . . Michigan _ _ .. .... Minnesota _ _ _ Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ _ North Dakota _ . Ohio . . . South Dakota _ Wisconsin . . . . . HIGHER EDUCATION - RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 79 © © CO OOOO^^WOOOHHNCOOHCOIO 00 o t*- CO HIOHIO^HOONCO'OOC^W CM 05 rH rj< CM ^ r- CO 00 05 CM | CM 1 48 1,738 226 46 10 (3) 113 53 56 7 s CO 8 cococo»ocococMooco^r^cot^05oo rH II t> r>» co -^ ***< © rH cm © Ht< © © © © oo © oo © 00 CO CO 05 CO NhhO O © CO O CM CM t-h II © rH* CO*rH*»H CM r-T ^»Oh CM © ©oo©co^oor^©© C5 CM © © CM © rH CM CO © 00 COI>*H ^ ^ CM II 1 00 © © ^03NCOCOCMODiCCOiO(NCO^»ONiO © © OSiO^O^OCi^COOiOOMOTHCCN CO | 05 C000HWhhC0N0505OhON^00 05 CO r-T CO CO CM rH* CM ©\h* CO Hi*" © **T CO CO CO © CO © Tt< 00 05 00 © ©NOOGOCOCMCMH ^ rH rH Tt^ CM th CO © 00 I © *H rH rH c> N CM CM s CO ©" H CM H 00 CO CO 05 b- 00 rH CO © 05 CO O 05 U rH O lOT^rHO-^ CO © CM CO © © CO CO CM rH T-H CM CM rt* © rH © ^ CM rH II CO ! oo co 1 eo © oo os Icm2°° j^Ncoa w i CM j W © CO CM CM CMiCCOOOiHOcOOCO^»OHOOiH(N t-h CO © OO O © 00 CO CM ^ 00 00 © O h 00 O- 05 CO CO t-h 00 CM rH CO CO" ©" 00 1 ^ 00 00 I 1 CO © © I jo j j 1 00 1 » © N 8 g CO oo to oo >o oo oo co o oo «o --i » o os 03 00 CO CO CO SO t" CO CO I'- OS ■*)> Tf rf t- o o «o COO t- 00 W 00 03 t" ■« 00 >0 CO t-~ CO CO CO CO t-T <-T ,-T 1 II • CO i i i i i • i 1 i i i CM © it i i © 1 i t'- 00 © © ^ © -H 1 © ^ 00 1 © i i © ^ eo >©t- i CO 1 1 CM CM s CM © 1 • II 1 1 II 1 1 II 1 1 © i N i i i i ^ i ■' I I • i I i 29,527 | CM CM©rHl^©rH©©CMt^©©CM ©1^ ^ ^ © CM 00 ©CM iOhh ^ © ^^-sCM CO ©CM CM CO ^ © t-h ON i © © 00 OJ 1 ^©©^ j hHH ^oTh^ j eo CO CM © © © CO © CM CO CM © 00 00 ^ ^ © CO © h CO rf © © © © h © CO 00 CM © 00 © © T-h ©T-H CM CM CM ©00 00 CM o © CO © 00 © ^h 00 © © CM © © rH CM 00 © © ©CO rH rH CM CM N 8 § ?! CO rH I ^ © © H © CM © ^ CO © © 00 t-h © ^ cm oo co ^ © © co oo rH © ^ oc © © © 00 rH 00 ©© H CO CM ©© CM TH ©© © ©| CM © ^"t-H^© th"© cm CO © ©' >CH © s CO cm" CO ©©00"tH^^©N ©^©CMCMrtHrHTt^© rnCMCMCOCMi-tl^OO^ ESrf * W CM CM 00 of 05 05 t— h rH CO h* © © Tt< CM 00 © © CO CM I>- © CM Tt< © © © © CM 00 © © © i-< © © f-i © © H tH cm © CM 00 rH Tt< © © CO 00 ©CM Cf©© ©" CM" CM* © *^" © t>^T-H"©*CM © HH CO CM 1-H CM CM 8 oo cm © ^ © oo co ^ rHCM©CO©rH©l^I^ eo co © oo co cm ^ © ©"© tjTco"©" © o r- r» © r>- © CO g CM HNHCO!OM®'-UO ia N-Hl0(N03 00-<0)N-H0)-^NtDNO t^^OP3e,3lMOOC3>-H>0 i“H oo n to io" c-f c4" to eo o ® oT o eo >o eo ec" HfHHHM CO 03CO1-I CO 00 s CM © © h rH CM *H © Tf< CM 8o5<8{a8«?3S cfodr-T totooo ao 30 o ! n g k»o3T! a q 3 2 a ci cn 'olol ■q$£~ Sea c S m- 5 -SS® © 8 § o3 § § Si. HHQfcCW»jSSfcOrafr'^>; §SS 1-2 O c3 C-O 0,8 fl £ M’S •S’3 oi«5 ® £2 « Hoo2^£ot>£ « 2 - 1- 11 SS ’O O 8 5 X3 O En-g 03 o3 b o o o ® ® rt h.2 § a I2 m’O ~ fl Table 1. — Current income , institutions of higher education , by region and State: 1953-54— Continued D. UNIVERSITIES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 For schol¬ arships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes 1 a $19,197 18,509 8,085 1.469 54 1,689 303 873 2,589 614 203 292 4, 071 !3 rf From auxiliary enterprises (gross) Other auxiliary enter¬ prises IS 1= 21,654 «o%f-fcc5V 61, 359 ISlfSSlIllSI odo'-'Fi-Toocd'eom © co' Dormi¬ tories, dining halls 2 sS P 36,788 SsSiilSIl •*' oo'^ofoTco'of 48, 641 IlllilSlSIsg co%feort-©'efof co- of For educational and general purposes from— Other sources 2 $40,879 40,768 14,274 1,000 15 3,010 494 770 6,229 2,639 31 86 12, 911 ■cfeCrH rH Organized activities related to educa¬ tional depart¬ ments 2 Is P 23, 953 501 191 423 250 178 12, 634 9,375 198 202 56, 322 88§Sliiaas8§ co' Private gifts and grants ® $94,930 94,794 33,855 4,060 168 7,513 826 2,500 12,872 5,327 436 154 31, 709 18l8gggi®S«3 ooofrH- ^'cfef io ef Endow¬ ment earnings 32 P 38,349 §*!SS8g3S oSVHcfja'cf 16,481 §§P§13PP1 tC i-T^Tcf of Local govern¬ ments GO m i* 16,804 co £ ; Is8 ii is i 11,562 is I is 1 i ! IP i 1 r‘ i i i !* 1 1 State govern¬ ments r* $470,978 460,490 50,733 IllllSSgf 191,250 ISIesIsslISS Federal Govern¬ ment For other purposes - ss P 54,361 1,589 515 8. 774 603 4,245 26, 424 10, 180 1,465 565 76,219 Si§SflS5&*S*g co co Veterans Admin¬ istration for tuition and fees li P 8,941 6,157 SsSSi8SSs3s 1 Student fees SI P 113,268 Islisssis 76, 396 ssssissisiaa co oo co of of Tjf oo of o Total (cols. 4-12) W 11 m S- 354, 541 25, 614 3,808 57, 690 8,135 24, 615 148, 921 74, 467 7,261 4, 029 479,009 IIIISISIIgRl £ S 8 8 S 8 8 8 Total cur¬ rent-fund income (cols. 3, 13-15) w IS IS s- 421,068 32, 318 5,116 73, 060 11, 363 30, 289 167, 596 85, 903 10, 403 5, 020 III i ISII1IIS16II g'g'3£S'ft3$rf,-'-S Region and State i i ! : : i i 11 fill ill' §?| * Sjjsw, S§ i||i i\ew Jersey . . . . . New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island . . . . Vermont . . . . North Central . . . . Illinois . Indiana _ lowa _ _ _ .. Kansas.. ... Michigan _ _ _ _ _ Minnesota Missouri . . . Nebraska _ North Dakota _ Ohio . . . South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin . . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 81 6 «r ifeliSSSssgs^ggs^ g j i of 03 1, 614 70 41 7 132 74 130 376 184 30 i S£ 2 tf §IIsls§llilslllg s (Nrt—'eo' o'o' o' -T g 5 833gSB8giBl rHj-HOf r-TofcO 1 58 1 §5 SSSSSSSSS5SS8SS3 1 eo'-T hh eo'eo' rfrir* oeo' .-<' i-Tof of o oeo 1 o' ii t>of 1 s glSlails”lssllll 1 of 4ofr-Tof®' ,-T^' T-f o' -f o' § s' iSsgSIssIlS S'5*' 1 r-H i-T g o' slKIsiiss2lslgSS 5 g tjT $g§S?§g8g§gS of C5 a ss § s' ISlsISlilllsisIs S 1-T o'o'ofo'rfT « of eo'o'4 0-' 1 iiSISSSISil •oo i-fofof 1 is 1 8 IllsSsSIlIIillgl 1 S'»-a22'8'S”'5fs^2S'2'»' S' £ £ IlSlSiisIli 1 •a SI ©V I 8 lllSSillllillSIl 1 s'2'“’'S'2'2'8'S'rf»'8'“'8s'S= S' $ i SlllliSlsii boVioeowVgoioo s 88 of*o i I : i i i j i i j i i j j i i i i i i i i ! ! | i i j I j !!!!!:!! oc p I % I 1 * Less than $500; does not round to 1 Table 1. — Current income , institutions of higher education , by region , and State: 1953-54 — Continued 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 02 © .J O O TO « <| w pq 3 w [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] For schol¬ arships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes * W5 |S 3, 405 05COOO?D)c9o 00«O>N!OO!Hih CO»QO> NMhh HH H From auxiliary enterprises (gross) Other auxiliary enter¬ prises 2 r* us, ^ Of of** us us 10, 597 705 228 2,204 125 177 3, 174 3, 517 93 372 14, 854 2,121 1, 167 917 531 1,707 1, 568 353 1,200 230 4,213 327 520 Dormi¬ tories, dining halls CO $126, 111 | 125,750 1 35,455 1,446 1, 360 9, 921 382 1, 022 9,558 9,879 309 1,579 34, 745 5,496 3, 307 2,999 1,564 2,108 4,284 1,469 909 292 9, 799 777 1,742 For educational and general purposes from— Other sources ** e* go oa © us 0*0* 2,419 co»Ot-Hioiooor^co-i>.i-Hictoco050 0>0 II Private gifts and grants © *** us us 00 8 768 191 3,119 371 871 5,105 3, 877 428 239 20, 704 3, 508 2,718 1,733 1,294 1,846 1,980 857 668 50 4,368 431 1,252 Endow¬ ment earnings O* $33,872 33,850 12, 615 1,937 761 3,636 1,271 1, 599 3, 189 4 218 8,916 i-*cDf-nor^©©Tt©. 009 ‘l »C©HW(NO^»ON©©^ COrHCD05CDt^©©C^»OCOe* CO i—l © Student fees - cor* e* us us 0*0* r» r* 63, 938 f^t^"*** 3ssll“lsg CM 3 S3 1 05 IS sllfi81$IIl§§ * ; ,hW -r -r T* CO r-T 8 3 £ R r-T oS ; §2 i ; a i m is n 1 ! : ! s 5 SlssSISIIiglSslI ! ^-CM- t---T US-rHeO*CO-H«0-^r«0- OO ,-H rH C N ! i-l 1 1 SI US l'^iP'HHUS^rHSl 1 SI > Veterans’ Admin¬ istration for tuition and fees US © © ss eo © © 171 1-hSISIUS^SIOOCOtH I-H CO SI ^ ^ 628 ^00©t^US©©t>-i-H SI CO CO CO © SI SI N N I Student fees - esss Si si o 05 00 rHOONONUSUSOON uscoco^i^t^sisii-H i-H H 05 rH 00 SI CO 7, 120 S}©^©COCOSlTt^ j 45,511 3,406 1,051 4, 564 1, 065 4, 267 17, 995 11,223 1,296 644 65, 204 ^©SlTHSI©USS|US©S^US SIOO^©I^CO©SIOO©©Tt< ©©Slp-CMOCCO©SICOOOSI II sfuST^COSi^cocOST 1H 00 Region and State 1 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ Connecticut _ _ Maine _ _ _ M assachusetts . . . New Hampshire- . _ .. New Jersey _ _ New York . . Pennsylvania. _ _ ... Rhode Island _ Vermont _ North Central . Illinois _ _ _ Indiana . . Iowa _ ... . Kansas . . Michigan _ Minnesota. . . Missouri _ ... Nebraska . . North Dakota.. . . . . Ohio _ _ South Dakota _ W isconsin . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 85 3 NN°grN N § 53 32 85 28 17 I i§8S§S|§gfgg§ 2 rH 1, 545 sisSs! 3 llsllgsisllsi s rH rH rH i s 111 13 28 3 1 «=>t^ : : : j ; i-hco 1-1 rH loo Is i c- ill'' t'- 3 33 20 119 £ ; ; ; ! ; ItH Ig ! 1 j 1 1 I 1 1 1 l i 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 57 43 9 60 iss r § § 2 j is Is 1 im'iz ii§§l§gH§§ss§ I -T efcfrt^efcfrHaj- in | 9,373 2, 062 1,731 531 884 1,333 2, 832 s to ch ! t> |0 • •oco^.-h | o 00 j 1 i 1 5 t>T gisisgnseiss s rH-? 1, 934 1ISSSI 1 illlSiifSIllSI g MrH nnnnwinVnhn 12, 646 2, 923 2, 578 700 1,475 1, 519 3, 451 § s' i§IISIg§2||ig g h*(N 17, 585 4, 285 3, 644 895 1,896 2, 137 4, 730 : : ! : : : o o 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Table 1 .—Current income, institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1953-54 — Continued G. JUNIOR COLLEGES » [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] For schol¬ arships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes 2 CO CO CO CO a* IS Ol — 00-4 ^ 05 to 3 HHN00 0O CO 1^05 CO *-< 1 i-H e ; j£ From auxiliary enterprises (gross) Other ttuAincii y enter¬ prises ■«* $10,689 10, 669 1,717 19 49 183 98 1,220 112 11 25 1,393 Dormi¬ tories, dining halls eo jss 00 to' 135 200 1,623 338 534 1,836 398 1 5,056 S338sSgs3ws§ ef For educational and general purposes from— , < tiler | sources | w 33 Is co »-H 00 ^ 00 o> »o CO O CO ^ CO CO - 60 s 1 Organized activities related to educa¬ tional depart¬ ments ss s 00 ;2 i s 1 1 1 1 1 CO CO 1 ~82 j£ Private gifts and grants 2 $8,941 8, 780 1,580 OWN HiMN nr-| 2,396 IsIISS1S-2S| Endow¬ ment earnings ss o ® Is CO 2 2 174 14 11 398 44 to i 79 3 51 1 22 32 77 (3) jjueai govern¬ ments » ^ CD»D i CD CDCO O* ^ © CO 'C^OOC^ Mi i-H — -O CD H 00 • WHO 05 HH WWOHHOOWHOWf 05 CO 05 1— I 00 00 o 40 *o 1-H CD tH CS ^OHHOWWr n (N CO OCOOOOOHCOHOWO^WWi COMNOOHOOOTfWWHHX'HD rH O* *0 Tjl O* 05 C > CS C* CS »0 00 1H Dl 00 DDJOWOWDCNOOTfOWD COWH HWH •NWNOOOOONOOOi hDWOODWCDh COOWCONOHH —t»ooot^C'J35t^aoo5 40 O WNW •0 05 t^co C »> 0*2 £ ° Jj_ tc-o %S is ■K 03 0^0 £-2^ £ *ds 3 g'g OOfc a . &s o~ m ^ 2.2* s3 cn M a g to’S a § >-* cn ■sl ^ c o 3 si Eg 5 3 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-195 4 Transfers from current funds C© O CO w r* usT ^ sr 12, 531 120 2,203 14 699 7,025 1,933 416 121 14, 091 $as*3gas*rs 04 r-T r-T Loans to Plant Funds from— Institu¬ tional funds 2 o gg 00 00 W N WN 11, 408 NC^07CON»OH i iCTfTTNiOM 1 00 CO CO M 04 1 ^feo c^f ! • • i 6,934 | gsss ;§3 j || ja iCf i i'i i i i i : ! ! i Non-insti- tutional funds 1 «110, 144 110,035 14, 581 ***• ^ CO CO M f-T ©of ! 43, 130 1, 755 14, 483 2,231 1, 942 8,054 214 1, 425 . 40 12, 307 8 671 Additions to plant funds from— Other sources * co osoa GO QO nV w eo 7, 733 1, 949 97 236 531 613 1, 012 3,208 37 51 8,244 glailI§“Sss§ 000 OCSCD(MM»OCONGO of lO wVo? 26,635 5,852 3, 067 1, 214 886 4.264 1, 174 1,589 837 45 6,408 34 1.265 Local govern¬ ments I o $13,956 13,956 2,256 i i i oo oo o i > 1 | 1 CO Tf1 1 1 111 Oi C4 1 1 III II 3,538 s i isi rasa m i : * s s Hi j State govern¬ ments - r* w s s 1 e* e* | e<9 M S2-~ 18, 271 4,007 406 896 469 941 9,557 1, 718 97 179 42,526 isgslssSlSSI ®ONN^hV« CO Federal Govern¬ ment $8,380 8,380 co 68 f 81 2,932 ss l« is is is M r MM 1 i i i j i Total ad¬ ditions eo GO O g2 gs 4» 66, 729 8, 676 833 6, 900 1, 023 4, 332 29, 529 14, 905 213 318 | 83, 875 gsSISSSISSIs o eo wNtTuS eo f-Tco' o' Total plant fund re¬ ceipts (cols. 3, 9-11) l i ** $470,340 488,667 105,249 00 I-Tr-T locfcsfof *H low 148, 029 saassassasss 2 II a* ug Cl » Pis -2 s es ® MS MS 4?a g a>» ^13 1 1 II >2' asSM.s^lbf §-§l***S°§ OJ3l5 a> o © §rC o 12, 375 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 89 i 00 © *0 © CO I ^ 05 rf CO ICO ^ • *-Tco < 1C TjH 00 00 »o < )HTt< o > ^ o* o lO^iO’^OOiOOOirH^COOCCO'tcCCl lOOM-O^OOiOONNHHMNi^ i orj ^ 1-h »h i— iTi^»-Hcooot>-i>-c^T^ MN»Ohi CONOUNt > CO iCO^COOiNWOOC oc »o Ol CO CO c )OJ050WNN . _ >©ia © v _ * or co © © 05 © b- b« 00 © 00 ©^COCOCONNTHCO©TfON©a5^ Tt< ©t^t^c^co©co©coco©©©oorCio ^cf*cf^© c^rtToo *-T co >r^r^©©ooi^©r of of © © t>r 2 I c3 B \B ^ O c3 c3 o ^ & ■a o ■ S' ~ g £2 big -S' ® W -2 g-o s* E * a> fl 05m cs-cS s £?.a a 2 S3 o js "3 S te m-5 "§ ° ’C « oi2i> « © £5 •-{OoSSfcfcOP^fS o o 2 b OS O O * Includes loans to plant funds from bond issues, mortgages, Federal Housing and Home Finance Agency, notes, bank loans, etc. 2 Includes loans to plant funds from endowment funds, funds functioning as endowment, current funds, etc. * Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. Table 2.— Plant fund receipts , institutions of higher education , by source , region , and State: 1953-54 — Continued 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 faD .2 'S a s o GO o H P H P GQ £ h-i ft W P P o H £ O o P o _ p 'S g « £ Q n* 1 ’o -d 4) ”3 g I aS oS ~ ax3 1 au BO ® _ •S o'O §2| 11 .5 w PH Tr r— . c c/2 gfec O > O P C g -S > © m c a , §§« i © o a i 1 feO ■Sg a- — 2 -SSfcgi »£> »i» r» r* o*o* ao or w e* C© CO • CC »0 r— « iTf C^OOSHM'. lOOlOO^OHOCl • *C 00 02 *o »o 00 cm lOOSOOJHNN ICfiHrj-OHOW ; 00 T-H »o *o oc CM •COCOOOIC S oo ) 1C N lO Cl CC 00 C ^ :NhO(N *-«oq 28 *0 o HCC^IOO’ CO Tt"«c ’t O ' C^(NN»HiO! of o' of of i < CM CM t>» O > CO — I CO CO • 00 *o CO »o OOOJO^OOCOTT'OIC M»CNnOOCCO» cf CO CO 00 CO CO CO * 004*0»0»-HTj'iOCOi--'CC I j i j ' Cfi I® S rt ^ -W W £ £5 K * CD !S ! Q, '2 fl ®i«! g3,£ O co >- > m Se - t>- O i-H Tji 03 I CO HO CO 00 COCO^ »-H »o cn cog^N ILONCOOO^O^OOOOWNt 'OOCOCICOC^OOSOIOOO^OOIOOOI • H 00 ^ -N COOOC^COCOC^CSIOI^^ ^WNOOCOOCIOOXNOCOI •^^NrHNOO-HrHrHCO^eC Ol(NOO>OCWCON^iO^( cd of of (N orHoocfcs* 0'.cor^03* ^ f 00 CMC > O CO co »0 r-T ISSSS 'lOHOiHOlOlOi iCONHOf o»oo6noc >® 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United States _ $132, 547 $85, 196 $125,416 $79,861 $1,678 $982 $5,454 $4, 353 Continental United States . . 132,499 85,149 125, 368 79,814 1, 678 982 5,454 4,353 Nobtheast _ _ _ 70,666 49, 137 68,954 48,005 637 309 1,075 822 Connecticut... . . . — 11,271 8, 728 11, 104 8, 686 92 37 75 5 Maine _ 855 664 822 633 4 2 29 29 Massachusetts _ _ 21, 636 13, 288 21,023 12, 854 237 103 376 332 1,529 757 1,529 757 New Jersey _ _ _ 4,' 536 2, 894 4, 466 2, 844 30 9 41 41 New York . . . . . 12, 643 9, 392 12, 210 9, 089 160 112 273 192 Pennsylvania . ... . 17, 105 12, 895 16, 744 12, 649 106 44 256 202 Rhode Island _ _ _ _ 776 424 744 399 8 2 25 22 314 96 312 95 1 1 1 Nobth Central _ 23, 741 12, 464 21, 526 11,095 434 253 1,780 1,116 Illinois _ _ _ _ 10, 569 3,856 9, 649 3,477 107 82 814 296 Indiana _ _ 2, 602 657 2, 166 250 13 8 423 399 Iowa . . . . . . 471 378 293 217 30 28 147 133 Kansas _ _ _ 283 184 241 155 10 6 32 23 Michigan _ _ _ 998 730 897 677 61 13 40 40 Minnesota _ _ _ 472 395 369 326 29 22 74 47 Missouri _ _ _ 2,674 1,974 2,545 1,953 56 10 73 11 Nebraska _ _ _ 235 110 187 69 9 3 39 38 North Dakota 67 66 66 66 1 Ohio _ _ _ 4, 463 3,504 4, 242 3,323 103 70 119 111 South Dakota _ _ _ 41 31 24 16 2 (3) 15 15 Wisconsin _ ... _ _ 867 578 848 566 15 10 4 2 South - - 31, 527 18, 553 30,349 17, 613 333 202 845 738 Alabama 394 258 392 257 2 1 Arkansas 1, 925 209 1, 916 200 9 9 Delaware 10 5 5 Florida. ... 1,915 1,665 1,888 1,651 26 13 1 Georgia .. 3, 766 2, 770 3, 739 2,756 27 14 Kentucky - 1,050 947 705 616 14 330 324 Louisiana _ _ .. 1,387 1,324 1,365 1,317 19 4 2 2 Maryland _ 1,402 902 1,362 862 13 12 28 27 Mississippi _ _ 24 24 23 23 (3) (3) 1 1 North Carolina _ 2,970 2,573 2,918 2, 539 41 24 11 11 Oklahoma _ .. 226 207 213 197 7 4 6 6 South Carolina 240 204 234 204 6 1 (3) Tennessee - 3, 538 2,845 3, 411 2,810 36 21 91 14 Texas _ _ _ 9, 561 2, 681 9, 184 2, 329 65 55 313 297 Virginia... _ _ _ _ 2,056 1,133 2,002 1,090 20 9 33 33 West Virginia . . . 172 149 134 111 15 15 24 24 District of Columbia 890 661 858 649 32 12 West . . . 6,566 4,995 4, 539 3, 101 274 218 1,753 1,677 Arizona 18 18 18 18 California _ _ 5,985 4, 640 4, 069 2,829 222 190 1,694 1,622 Colorado _ 192 160 168 142 4 3 20 15 Idaho 3 2 (3) (3) 3 2 Montana _ 40 15 25 (3) (3) 15 15 Oregon _ _ _ 205 92 181 80 12 1 12 12 Utah _ 33 23 22 21 10 2 (3) (3) Washington . . . . . 92 45 75 29 4 3 13 13 Outlying part of the U. S. 48~ 47~ 48 47 Puerto Rico . . . . 48 1 47 48 47 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (technological, theological, and other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. 2 Includes funds functioning as endowment. * Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Table 4.— Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other nonexpendable funds , institutions of higher education , by fund , region , and State: 1953-54 — Continued D. UNIVERSITIES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] All funds Endowment funds 1 Student loan funds Annuity funds Region and State Total receipts, (col¬ umns 4, 6, and 8) Private gifts and grants (col¬ umns 5, 7, and 9) Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total re¬ ceipts Private gifts and grants Total re¬ ceipts Private gifts and grants 3 4 5 6 7 9 Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast _ _ Connecticut... . . Maine . . . Massachusetts _ New Hampshire. _ _ New Jersey... . New York... . . . Pennsylvania - - Rhode Island . . . Vermont . $116,113 115, 804 $61,760 61,759 $111,766 111,460 $58,918 58, 917 $1, 748 1, 745 $1,127 1, 127 $2,599 2, 599 $1,715 1,715 36, 514 26, 641 35, 601 25, 999 379 224 534 418 3, 017 60 7,869 1, 511 2,889 7,960 12, 196 588 424 2,306 19 6, 074 752 1,444 5,965 9, 382 309 389 2,863 57 7,554 1,500 2, 857 7,738 12, 068 556 406 2,263 18 5, 762 752 1, 432 5,795 9, 305 284 388 86 2 36 10 22 88 119 8 9 44 1 68 33 ) 279 279 2 10 10 64 134 106 77 9 2 25 22 1 9 North Central. Illinois . Indiana. . . . Iowa _ _ Kansas - - Michigan.. . . . Minnesota _ _ _ Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska _ North Dakota.. . . Ohio _ _ _ Wisconsin. _ _ South _ _ Alabama . . Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia... . . Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ North Carolina. Oklahoma _ Tennessee _ Texas _ Virginia. . . West Virginia.. 29, 063 6,329 1,989 66 683 1,266 4, 559 2,123 96 12 10,371 1,569 39, 896 18, 106 28, 042 3, 244 5,818 249 1,972 60 58 680 643 833 1,178 330 4,406 1, 574 2,001 59 4 88 9,906 10, 327 1, 166 1, 552 9, 503 39, 075 17, 780 3, 192 239 58 643 786 217 1, 556 59 9, 869 1,160 8, 953 415 72 18 1 39 88 54 63 9 12 44 14 757 226 (2) 544 607 439 (2) 6 59 100 15 ~2 82 127 2 1,803 119 2, 659 166 791 1, 573 24 1,745 827 1, 771 26, 450 979 5 16 24 2 (2) 27 97 2,346 13 752 1,009 24 1, 540 630 1,547 550 322 5 1, 803 91 75 2,598 2,343 131 (2) 787 748 1, 558 995 23 23 1,704 1, 529 384 208 1,735 1, 540 26,394 522 965 315 28 Cl 21 5 14 1 42 443 36 40 8 5 22 3 13 4 14 1 11 422 8 28 1 5 14 ... 16 6 6 District of Columbia . . West.. . . Arizona _ _ _ _ California . . . Colorado . . . . . Idaho _ _ _ _ New Mexico _ Oregon _ _ Utah _ Washington _ _ _ _ _ Wyoming . . Outlying parts of the U. S Puerto Rico . . Territory of Hawaii. . . . 853 10, 330 23 8, 542 189 63 145 117 29 256 652 7,509 21 ,329 158 58 6 106 10 66 753 297 13 827 8,743 22 7,005 177 63 138 106 22 251 307 640 6, 185 21 5,026 152 58 (2) 105 7 63 751 27 194 143 13 (2) 6 11 7 5 7 132 (2) 112 1,394 1, 191 1, 191 1 Includes funds functioning as endowment. 2 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 101 Table 4. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education, by fund, region, and State: 1953-54r— Continued E. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Region and State All funds Endowment funds 1 Student loan funds Annuity funds Total receipts, (col¬ umns 4, 6, and 8) Private gifts and grants (col¬ umns 5, 7, and 9) Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total re¬ ceipts Private gifts and grants Total re¬ ceipts Private gifts and grants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United States _ $51,008 $32, 876 $47, 888 $30, 346 $731 $4S4 $2, 388 $2,046 Continental United States _ 50, 919 32,821 47,833 30,293 728 481 2, 388 2,046 Northeast . . 21,590 16, 527 21,064 16,164 170 115 356 249 Connecticut _ _ _ 7,921 6,346 7,900 6,340 15 2 7 5 Maine . . . 855 664 822 633 4 2 29 29 Massachusetts _ 6, 832 5, 362 6,694 5,247 74 70 64 46 New Jersey _ ... _ _ 258 158 254 153 5 5 New York. _ 1,873 1,504 1,710 1,395 31 27 132 82 Pennsylvania _ _ _ 3, 540 2,402 3,377 2, 306 40 10 123 86 Vermont _ _ _ _ 310 91 308 91 1 1 1 North Central _ _ 9, 667 4,842 8, 412 3,814 211 149 1,044 879 Illinois _ _ _ .. 4,380 1,012 4,047 778 42 35 291 199 Indiana _ _ 763 497 339 96 7 4 417 397 Iowa.. _ _ _ _ 329 245 220 146 23 23 86 76 Kansas . . . . . 311 194 260 154 23 16 27 23 Michigan _ _ 770 714 720 666 11 8 40 40 Minnesota _ 414 341 358 319 17 11 38 12 Missouri _ _ 508 361 488 360 17 1 3 Nebraska.. _ _ 125 30 115 22 5 3 6 5 North Dakota _ _ ... 99 67 98 66 1 (2) Ohio.. . . . . 1,542 1, 159 1,365 1,004 58 44 119 111 South Dakota _ 54 21 37 7 2 (2) 15 15 Wisconsin _ ... . 371 201 365 196 5 5 2 South _ _ _ _ 17, 188 9,598 16,577 9, 104 231 132 379 363 Alabama . . . 269 258 265 257 2 1 2 Arkansas _ 1, 926 210 1,916 200 10 10 Delaware _ 5 5 Florida _ 1, 670 1, 580 1,644 1, 576 25 5 1 Georgia _ _ ... .. . 1,204 432 1,178 417 26 15 Kentucky _ _ 534 448 462 383 4 3 68 62 Louisiana . . . . 587 558 565 556 20 2 2 Maryland. _ 314 245 287 218 (2) 27 27 Mississippi _ ... 18 18 18 18 (2) North Carolina _ _ 961 798 941 781 10 6 11 11 Oklahoma _ _ _ 226 207 213 197 7 4 6 6 South Carolina . . 275 236 252 222 23 14 Tennessee _ _ _ _ 1,378 1,001 1,343 975 21 15 13 11 Texas _ _ 5, 794 2, 490 5, 564 2, 266 37 31 193 193 Virginia _ 1,823 963 1,771 924 25 12 27 27 West Virginia . . 166 143 126 104 16 16 24 24 District of Columbia _ _ _ 37 9 32 9 6 (*) West _ _ _ 2,504 1,853 1,780 1,212 116 85 608 556 Caliiomia... _ _ _ 1,933 1,633 1,296 1,053 88 79 548 501 Colorado _ 59 43 38 28 2 (») 20 15 Idaho _ _ _ 3 2 (2) (?) 3 2 Montana _ _ 141 15 126 (2) (2) 15 15 New Mexico. . . . _ 44 (2) 44 1 (2) Oregon. _ _ 204 92 181 80 12 1 12 12 Utah _ _ _ 28 22 21 21 6 (2) (2) Washington _ 92 45 75 29 4 3 13 U 13 Outlaying parts of the U. S . 57 55 55 53 3 2 — — Alaska . 10 8 j 7 6 3 2 Puerto Rico. _ _ _ 48 47 | 48 47 1 Includes funds functioning as endowment. 1 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Table 4.— Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other nonexpendable funds , institutions of higher education , by fund , region , and State: 1953-54— Continued F. TEACHERS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Region and State All funds Endowment funds 1 Student loan funds Annuity funds Total receipts (col¬ umns 4, 6, and 8) Private gifts and grants (col¬ umns 5, 7, and 9) Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total re¬ ceipts Private gifts and grants Total re¬ ceipts Private gifts and grants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United States _ $774 774 $504 504 $631 631 $472 472 $67 67 $32 32 $76 76 — Continental United States _ Northeast . 36 11 25 6 10 5 1 Maine _ _ _ _ 5 1 1 2 20 7 (2) (2) 4 (2) 1 2 5 1 4 (2) 4 (2) 1 1 (2) (2) 1 Massachusetts.. _ _ 1 New Hampshire _ _ _ New Jersey _ _ 2 12 7 2 New York _ _ _ 8 (2) (2) (2) 5 Pennsylvania _ _ 1 Rhode Island . . . Vermont _ _ _ North Central _ 25 16 10 8 14 8 (2) Illinois _ 4 2 1 (2) 6 1 2 (2) (2) 2 7 4 1 (2) 4 4 (2) 2 1 (2) 4 (2) 2 (2) (2) 2 3 Indiana _ _ 1 (2) (2) Iowa _ _ _ (2) Kansas _ _ Michigan _ 4 (2) 1 (2) 2 (2) 2 1 (2) 1 (2) Minnesota _ Missouri _ Nebraska _ North Dakota _ _ _ South Dakota. _ _ _ 2 4 2 3 Wisconsin _ _ _ 4 2 South . . ... .. 704 472 595 458 34 13 76 Alabama _ _ _ 5 (2) 1 (2) 107 1 570 13 3 4 4 5 (2) 1 (2) 4 1 6 11 3 3 4 Kentucky.. _ _ Maryland _ _ 1 (2) 1 1 (2) 1 Mississippi. _ _ _ North Carolina _ _ 104 Oklahoma _ . Tennessee _ 456 5 (2) 4 488 2 455 2 1 3 (2) 3 76 Texas _ _ .. Virginia _ _ West Virginia . . 1 1 West . . . . . . 9 5 9 5 Arizona _ _ _ (2) 3 (2) 4 2 (2) 1 (2) 3 1 (2) 3 (2) 4 2 (2) 1 (2) 3 1 Colorado . . .. Montana _ _ Oregon.. _ _ _ _ _ Washington . . 1 Includes funds functioning as endowment. 2 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 103 Table 4. — Receipts specifically designated for endowment and other non¬ expendable funds , institutions of higher education , by fund , region, and State: 1953-54— Continued G. JUNIOR COLLEGES > [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Region and State All funds Endowment funds 2 Student loan funds Annuity funds Total receipts, (col¬ umns 4, 6, and 8) Private gifts and grants (col¬ umns 5, 7, and 9) Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total re¬ ceipts Private gifts and grants Total re¬ ceipts Private gifts and grants i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United States. _ $2, 90S $2, 143 82,478 $1,735 $67 $49 $364 $360 Continental United States _ 2,999 2. 143 2, 478 1, 735 67 48 364 360 Northeast _ 1,181 846 1, 152 824 14 11 15 11 1 1 (3) 3 3 3 3 (3) 62 37 62 37 New Jersey _ 33 33 33 33 (3) (3) New York _ _ _ 1,055 757 1,038 745 13 11 3 Pennsylvania _ _ _ . - .- 22 13 10 2 (3) 12 11 Vermont _ _ _ 4 4 4 4 North Central _ 530 471 391 334 8 5 132 132 Illinois _ _ 417 372 338 293 1 1 78 78 Indiana _ _ _ ._ (3) (3) (3) (3) Iowa... _ _ _ _ 75 74 18 18 4 3 54 54 Kansas 5 5 5 5 Michigan... 3 3 3 3 (3) (3) Missouri _ 12 (3) 11 1 (3) Nebraska 1 1 1 1 North Dakota (3) (3) (3) (3) Ohio 5 5 5 5 South Dakota _ _ _ _ . 10 9 9 9 (3) Wisconsin .. 1 1 1 1 South - - - 1,106 804 860 570 32 21 213 213 Delaware 5 5 Florida 154 (3) 154 (3) (3) Genrvia 19 (3) 18 1 (3) Kentucky _ _ _ _ ... 354 347 142 136 2 1 210 210 Mississippi.. ... .. ... _ 6 6 5 5 (3) (3) 1 1 North Carolina 399 346 382 336 17 10 Oklahoma 1 1 1 1 South Carolina . . 3 2 3 1 (3) (3) Tennessee _ _ 86 81 81 76 2 2 3 3 Texas 27 14 22 8 6 6 Virginia 44 (3) 42 2 (3) Wpist. Virginia 7 7 7 7 West . . . . - 92 22 75 6 14 12 3 3 California 72 5 66 (3) 6 5 Colorado 6 3 3 3 3 Idaho 3 3 3 3 Oregon 2 1 2 1 Utah 4 4 4 4 (3) W ashington 3 3 3 3 Wyoming . 4 4 1 1 3 3 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting insti¬ tutions operating on the undergraduate or adult-education level. 2 Includes funds functioning as endowment. 3 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. 420234—57 - 8 Table 5. — Current-fund expenditures , institutions of higher education , by purpose , region , and State: 1953-54 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS i [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 For scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes co © u* oo co r* ® ee- 27,037 2,764 409 5,584 602 2,007 8, 033 6, 353 664 620 17, 580 4, 654 1,086 1, 328 396 2, 613 1,111 1, 359 364 21 2,957 87 1,604 For auxiliary enter¬ prises Other auxiliary enter¬ prises e* © N © *4 •*< CO qo co co e* w 43,496 1, 941 633 9,286 1,605 3,084 15, 512 9, 721 1,116 598 83, 078 11, 600 12, 240 7, 539 1, 571 11, 304 8, 393 4,987 5,285 958 14, 028 655 4, 517 Dormi¬ tories, dining halls 2 © CO e* go at © at © at W N 80,423 | 4, 730 2,583 19, 990 2, 505 4, 851 21, 896 18, 619 3, 089 2,161 92, 557 | NCQOTfiOCOCOrHM(NcDH WCCHHif OONTfOOHCC COHrfOiHiOiOOiOOiOeOiH V co to t-T ioV-Tio For educational and general purposes Related activities $187, 9C2 186, 905 40, 724 | 611 122 2, 804 222 259 23, 085 13,017 318 286 68, 486 13, 346 5, 735 9. 768 3, 682 12,411 4, 583 4, 056 2,081 340 7,309 94 5,081 Physical plant operation and mainte¬ nance © $280,047 277,874 80, 169 6,161 1,344 16, 142 1, 351 5, 374 30, 079 16, 160 2,240 1, 318 84, 309 OOt^CiOOOI^COCOOO^©^ OOOhoOINiOONCOO^OO ©ooiocor^ooooi>*ot^co*o OO CO *0 ' rf CO CO lO oo>o>o«>c^cie^'r| r-T ciWi-T 03050>>coo(N C0*0t>00t0»0»0c000«0'^,t- as i— “ *o oo h 10 oT t'T oT oo oo lOO'J'NOlO^H 00 ^ Total cur¬ rent-fund expendi¬ tures (cols. 3, 11, 12, 13) © © © QO © GO © GO ©* e* 766,021 oo*- prizes ” w d tVETi C* r OF as © w w El s DUCATION, 1 < SSSSSSSSSi i-H © CO CO )52 1 ° N -1954 COCOt^COC5t^©tOC5CO^C5 1-H 0* For auxiliary enter¬ prises Other auxiliary enter¬ prises N © r- to GC O CQ N *o eo 7, 719 to i-H i-H 05 CO to 40 © ©t^©f-iO©00C505©©00 ^00 to HO> ©rH CO 05 of Dormi¬ tories, dining halls - w r* w «5 00 cTod co eo » 16, 518 1, 507 1,252 1,428 874 507 3,784 6,128 463 575 47, 642 3, 758 6, 555 3, 981 1,336 13, 838 3, 462 1,901 975 723 7, 228 1,007 2, 877 For educational and general purposes Related activities s to © 7, 312 559 114 656 222 4, 493 795 195 278 52, 730 I>- OONN^hNNQOOOON ©»H00X^©!O»J5rHlOTH© (NH of 1-H 1-H f-H Extension and public services r* $108,345 105,892 10, 255 827 427 594 484 70 3,040 4, 050 282 481 © CO ll 5,169 5, 570 2,235 1,574 4, 720 2,580 2,689 1,717 661 3,040 932 4,533 Organ¬ ized re¬ search to ao cs c* ^ © eo © © o 12, 149 to 00 05 *0 lOiiOHtO MGONiO iOC5rf O © © © iCOCS^t^ jef© 59, 419 10, 249 5, 351 4, 870 2, 106 13, 239 8, 664 1, 624 1, 383 688 4,491 817 5,936 Instruc¬ tion and depart¬ mental research Ud © © o o © r- © © © © 72, 921 5,628 1,940 4,801 1, 935 3, 427 40, 547 11,063 1,748 1, 832 186, 553 26, 456 18,049 12, 629 11,018 40, 970 15, 853 7,587 6, 103 3, 671 25, 041 3, 223 15, 954 General adminis¬ tration and general expense C* o h* C* ww 15, 626 HOOOOHtOOCDN OO^U-tOOt^OCOi— < - t^^©oo©t^i-HCO©cooo^ ©coofrHodcdcfr-f to of Total (cols. 4-10) eo ^ r* 05 tO 05 CO 05 00 NW © o C5 © OOCOC^»-hC^05C00505 »H XlOrHOOCOtONO ©C0COrt<©O*©©OJ © t}T 05 rf © 00 © CO i-H © CO 441, 377 ©*O00^ao 05 ^ © © 166, 746 13, 108 6,061 11, 507 6, 756 6, 360 76, 312 37, 547 4, 611 5, 483 552, 180 72, 449 59,011 46, 636 27, 319 119,031 51, 939 21,618 20,086 9, 305 70, 580 8, 798 45, 409 Region and State - Aggregate United States . . . Continental United States _ _ Northeast _ _ _ _ .. Connecticut _ _ . _ _ Maine.. . . . . . . Massachusetts _ _ _ _ _ New Hampshire _ _ _ New Jersey _ ... _ _ New York _ .. . . . ... Pennsylvania . . ... .. Rhode Island... _ _ .. Vermont _ _ _ _ _ _ North Central _ _ _ Illinois _ _ _ Indiana... _ _ Iowa.. _ _ _ Kansas _ ... _ _ _ . ... Michigan. . . . . Minnesota _ _ _. Missouri _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio _ _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ _ _ Wisconsin . . . . . . . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 107 © 3 HrtOCSC^COtNHCOHH ONH 11 of OOi-t©©t^©b«COtr©00 C0©00©kOC000rH00CMT*< CM 00 CO HNN CM 1-H © 00* 12 © © ss 2§ © 1 rH rH to rH © © O to © CM © © CM ©oocorHcooo©ooTtOr«iCfOOW »OH»Ort06 i 1! s CO ^* kD CO kO ^ 00 rH © 00 rH © CM CO^COrHLON^NCilO© CM © 00 CM ^ trCOCM© ©*r* rf 1 |b ° l ^ CO CM S§8 CO Jo 3 t'- rH 05 CM CD CO CM CD CO CD © rt< 00 t'- OiCkODNOD’HTfdODFHOO^O © fHNDODCOOND^NO^CDWOO of f-T co^ofcocoi^cocoofofoocoF-T I 00 CM CO CO CM CM ©© CO ©©© rH © © co©aocOr-t©:orH©kOoo ^©OHHCOH©TfCMkO HkO'cfHH rH CM" rH h* 8 to © © CM Q © ^ © © © © 00 CM co ZZ0‘Zl NDHHOTJOOOOOOOOOCDWOHIO fH HTf(NCOO^(NClFHCCCO^XrHiOOO CM OCOHONiODTf^OCO^^OlO^ rH rH Of CM CM © 05 rH © CO rH © © © © © T* t>* rH CO 00 © CO © CM © 00 rH CO © rH CM CON^HH © rH 1 ^ 1 j 5! © CM rH ©© © 00 cm* CD rH rH CO T* CO ^ ID to CD CO 1-t CD CD i © © oo tj< r* cm ^ © cm f-» oo © © « © rH CO © CM © CM CO 00 © CO © 00 i-t 1 co i-7 r-7 of of of i-T co xjT of of of rf of i-T ! i • Is t>T S3SS8&838S8 © © © © © CO 00 © 00 © tC CM rH ! s CO © CM ©t^© r>.00 00 rH Htt ts. i CM* CDNN»O(NHNNiHCDQDHfH00N ! CM © CM 00 CO © CO ©rH ©© ©t* © © i CONCDOOOWOCOONNhhOOOOO • of rH TjT^of of of of rf of rH 00 of i I i i r OOrH^^©^CMt^OOCM© C^t^rHCMr^©©CM^00^ ©©©©©CM©©00rft© t>l-T rH CO CM*' ©* © |l © 1 N II CM © © ! 8 g CO 00 rH CO 05 o CO CO CM 05 rH 05 CD b- rH CO t"« O 05 05 © 05 CM CD ^ CD © rH CO CO 05 N^CJ»0»OcDNrHtONCDNCDHtOOO to °0 O rH O CD O CD CO O ‘O °0 g 05 to II o © II CM CO 00 00 © © © T* r#< CM CO © CM ©rHTf ©COOOrH©©©N rH © Tt< CO CM ©©© © © ^* © 00 CM* CO COrfkOHjTrH 00 1-H © s 05 1 © 1 ® OO © NNHHOO 1^* I'r © © CO ^ CO 00 CO 1-H CD s CO CO DDOO^CDNINiONHHNiONCOiO © cm rH i-h © tji ^ © © © co © co © cm cd © t>- ©© rH ©© rH CO rH CM rH t>» QO rH HH ofrH rH CO OfrHOfofrHrH CD rHrH CO © \r © CO © CO © 00 © © © © ^ rHOO©COOO©rHCD©©!^- CrHTjt ©©CMr^©rf ©© rH ©CM* HHHCC 1 Q ^ 1 co ao r* of © 1^05 05 00 ©CM rH © © rH © CO 8 00 8 CO 00©T}- r» CO CM rH © tr ©© o ^ CD © 00 ©© © l>- ^* CO ^* CO © © CO rH © rH© CO © 00 rH rH Nh NhhWWhCOWhhDCOH II 8 1 ^ CM CO ©rf<©©CM©©©CO©Tt< FH©©rHCM©t^©©t^r^ © co CO © © © co CM © CO © 1 © CM rH rH CO © ZC © 05 1 1 © CM 1 © 00 CO ©rH © CM rH 00 rH © r>- rH © Tt< rH Ot © CO s OOCONOtOHWMNHCJHO^CD to \ t'- © CO © 00 CM rH CO rf< ©© © 00 © CO © © ,-h t>. to © t>- cm co cm hj« h* oo cm t>. oo 1 odtf©©©o5rfT£cM*CM*©od©tf©H*r CM rH CMCMrHCOCMCMT^COrHrHOCCOrH ! © 1 to © CO Tf< T* 00 CD CM CO ©© rH CMcorHQ©oo©cor^t^oo © CM CM © 00 CO © 00 © © t'- CM*CM*© bf 00 CM* CM* CM* V © © 1 rH rH CM rH CM rH CO | CM 8 © CO © © 00 co co o© © © rH 00 CO © ©1-1 CO© rH rH © South . . . . Alabama _ _ _ _ Arkansas . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . Florida _ _ _ .. Georgia. - - Kentucky _ _ _ _ _ Louisiana . . . . . . Maryland . . . . _ .. _ Mississippi- . . . North Carolina - - - - Oklahoma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ South Carolina - - Tennessee - .. . . . .. _ Texas _ _ _ Virginia _ West Virginia . . . . .. District of Columbia _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 > 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i 73 i i i i i i i i i i i i Zj i i i i i i i i i i i i ft i i i i i i i i i i i i ~ i i i i i i i i i i i i © i i i i i i i i i i i i M i . . . i i t i n • i i t i i i i i i i i jrz 1 111111,1111 w 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 o • « ' • O H • • • i • • S • i P » 5r* nr> 1 1 1 • ' « • • o _ 1 P* « :.S6 :« :g : !«,§• * £ gS'g |.s| £ lliJplSjl* ” 1 1 1 1 • 1 m ! S3 | « i 5 ; 'o i 1 i t : « I c Ss ' ® x : s 5 i o o Jd a 11 <50 e o ■1 :W 8 o «b O O ® fc 3 ® pH Eh • Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (technological and other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. Table 5. — Current-fund expenditures , institutions of higher education , by purpose , region, and State: 1953—54 — Continued 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 0. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS » [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] For scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes CO |49, 661 49, 649 25, 433 2,668 295 5,538 500 1,980 7,489 6, 032 641 292 10, 370 rHCO»-iCOC040COOOC^Tf4COTj4 Tf (M rH rf ^ rH d -H 00 »0 H 4O00CDMCONrHrt T-H CD II co i-T ci For auxiliary enter¬ prises Other auxiliary enter¬ prises w «© US £ r II T*0*40©»-H©©t-|10 iO(MCCO^CDOOMrH O CO CD OO CD 05 CO rH O0r-HC*rHCC 27, 127 7,526 3, 503 983 467 2,269 1,732 3,166 1, 373 24 4, 362 99 1,622 Dormi¬ tories, dining halls - $161, 284 161,087 63, 905 3, 222 1,331 18, 562 1,632 4,344 18, 112 12, 491 2,625 1,586 44, 916 ©004000t^'^(MCD©'^©^ NNCONO(NNOOOWOiO 4O4O^CsJC0*-4CD© CO CO (N ©t>COrHCfTj4"cO 00 Of For educational and general purposes Related activities ® eS to 5 gg g • II 52 7 2, 149 259 18, 592 12, 222 122 8 15, 756 co i-4 © oo oo t>- oo cd ^ oo 40 T-H oo CO CD 40 1— 1 © t-H © (NHN CQ CQ © rH CO © © CO rH Physical plant operation and mainte¬ nance e> © *9 W ‘O GC 40 C* *4 CO WW H NN CO II 4,840 738 14, 621 734 4, 377 22, 334 11, 617 1, 438 656 29, 959 0040©t^-Tt C* © t'- (N (N ^ ©cCf-r c^fi-Tco 1-5* Libraries 00 $34,263 34,214 16, 413 1, 424 140 '391 1,600 5, 609 3, 041 409 106 7,660 ©^HOOOOCOOOt-H©(N(N©C^ CONOONDWN'OrHCi^fH Tji|> CO 1-H CO ^ © T-i TJ4 of i-T Extension and public services %£ || S ww o 185 (2) 23 22 1, 293 1, 365 99 65 17 2, 043 r^t^t^cooocs^H^ ! th 1 co © 1 rH 1 i>- © i-H 1 T-H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Organ¬ ized re¬ search © $171,694 171, 694 92, 488 CDiON '.OOOHiOCD 05 40 OO iHiO©iOrt ** 1 © 1 ^ © 00 CO 1 1-H i © W cf 1 tH ! CO ' » 1 1 1 1 1 1 Instruc¬ tion and depart¬ mental research US $411,264 410,850 189, 733 0 00©40 c3©»o£h©©oo2§cS 40 CO rH 40 ^©00^00 -T-H©Ttr»-H ccf toV ! 05 II °° o $8 o South _ _ _ Alabama... _ . - Arkansas _ _ _ _ Delaware. . . . . . Florida - - - - - - Georgia - - - - Kentucky - - Louisiana _ _ _ Maryland - - - - - Mississippi - - - - - — North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ _ South Carolina - - Tennessee - - - - Texas - - - Virginia - - - - - West Virginia _ _ District of Columbia. - - West . . . . i i i i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i A 6 3 dud |o2c ox - c3 o £ *oo£ c< § 1 H- IS C Ci 1 II lilt till 1 1 1 1 till till 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 III) lilt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 5 : id : i ; :3bi } : \%a ! 3 j jj a 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 ft! ! p i O i 6 i •o i ■g « : Q» tl ! I J S 2 ■ 1 Ph .a S .a 3 Table 5.— Current-fund expenditures , institutions of higher education , by purpose , region, and State: 1953-54— Continued D. UNIVERSITIES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] no BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 For scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes *9 £S as || to Sjg ^ £te to gg.*® ^ tC CO OS O CO C5 Tf< II CONNCOMOCOOO O* TH »o C N C4 lO CO II of CO HVfO 10, 108 3, 137 429 744 59 1,898 388 999 276 19 1,031 1, 130 For auxiliary enter¬ prises Other auxiliary enter¬ prises W $140, 401 139,679 23, 803 NCDNOtO-^COOiN 1 o* co co 1-1 ^ co o* : eOrHCsTl>^r 60, 539 7,947 10, 118 6, 560 825 8, 130 6, 248 3, 545 3,685 471 9,584 171 3, 253 Dormi¬ tories, dining halls Z2 aw MS ** © ^ eiw w II 3, 334 973 7,757 1,638 2,779 8, 526 6,493 2,283 445 45, 185 6,245 9,761 3, 464 812 10, 754 2, 698 1, 971 536 178 6, 153 130 2, 483 For educational and general purposes Related activities O $139,984 138,959 28, 297 411 77 1, 651 222 161 14, 660 10, 607 229 278 62, 067 o> eo co o* ^ »o 05 co o* i-» o co | lOOONCCWCOOOHO©^ tOtOOJtOH WHO 00 05 of to 00 CO Of TjT cfof to V Physical plant operation and mainte¬ nance C5 S3 3 of eo eo || co II OOCONWC3HCOO of to eo v-T 49,035 u-eD00i-iC^00eOTftoc^00O5 WtONWC^^tOtONOCO OtOHHCtOON^OCUX) cT-scTco' of afV" of r-T eo of Libraries GG || 5 t- c*s 00 v> (NOOOOiCCKNtOHH C4 MCOO-^N^H i-H Of i-f TtT i—T 12,383 cot^eOi-tootOi-itor}4r^^eo HH^OOMOOtOCONNNOO 00 0*00^1-100 05^ to 00 of r-f of 1-f Extension and public services 1 o © eo ** so © of CJO GO * 1 809 427 551 475 1, 046 1, 528 4, 067 312 481 32, 883 COCOO^NtOMNOOCOO co o^ C5 eo o^ u- co co co ^ to to o ■*« o* to eo to u- to to of T-f ^Tof of rH of V Organ¬ ized re¬ search <© eo © 05 NO o o O eo eo “■ II rHOOOsto^t^^eoeo OtOCOtOCSi-HOOOSO HONtOHWNH^ « 00- 04 04t^t^TfOOOOO^fHCONN KNNOOOCJOMCOTrN JOO^kOCOCO^Ot^COiO it^vOCOOOvO*H©COi-HTf<04^04 WOOOHOCOOM^WO vCCOvoNOvO»O^OhO hMQhh h CO *0 O H c^cot^i-*c^05r^co^cooco»c< co^cocic^tooi^rt^t^o^coj OOHN^^OO^NONrH«> i-T f-T of of of i-f of of j *-i VONNCCO IVCNNNO > tJ< 04 © GO i o oo co co^of© (COOO^O^O^N^NiCCOCOCOO^ 5C0VC0501VCICNC0VO-HVO - 5 000COOOOCOOOOOON ooK 8 CO of 1-H 00 VO '•cf 00 ^ 1-H (XfodV-T CO of of of >^COvOOiTfvOvOCO T}IOXT}HTf» ■-©u-ooTjir-(ko©©t>.»or^ ©00©03©r^t-iQ003©00© ^03 03 1-H 1-TcOrH 00 For educational and general purposes Related activities ® © CO us w ©© 5- 1, 299 rH © IfOHH CO © 1 i-h 1 GO 03 1 1 1 © 1, 548 ©i-403©03©00©©t>^r^ ^HHN©03© ^ © 1-h ^ 03 rH rH 03 rH ^ Physical plant operation and mainte¬ nance © $66, 597 66, 307 18, 866 1, 200 656 4,682 101 922 5,310 5,135 338 522 17, 934 3, 142 1, 291 1, 357 1, 331 1, 173 1, 363 836 483 615 5,063 667 712 Libraries CO ©*H w r* o © co 4, 486 O3CO©00t"-^t^rH00 COrH© COCOtH 4, 224 ©00H©HCOiHH©©©00 ©t^t^rH©t^©Tj<©^©00 CO 03 CO 03 CO 03 1-H rH rH Extension and public services © ««* © $ 1 © i 03 © © © 00 1 H 03 03 © ^ 1 03 03 I i i 2,191 t^H*©rH© !©©©CO©© © ©rH !03©©©^rH | rH © CO 00 1 Organ¬ ized re¬ search CO r* w ■h< eo 00 O* © © 6S0 ‘I 03 © 00 < 00 03 00 1-H © I CO CO CO 03 IHHH © 2,917 03 03 03© i i rH © CO © © rH HTf 1 1 03 00 03 i i©hN O i i r-T i i i i Instruc¬ tion and depart¬ mental research © © us © N © © © © © «©■ 49, 858 3,931 1, 250 10, 496 434 3,448 15, 150 13, 187 550 1, 413 52, 482 00©r-Ht^rH©T*Ht<©©O3rH ©000©03©©©03©rH© O3©O3^rHCOCO00fHH©© © ^" co co~ co 03" rf rf © rf of General adminis¬ tration and general expense 3 © So So Ofr 23, 303 1, 670 659 4,868 150 1, 322 7, 101 6, 648 132 752 24, 491 4,634 2,695 1, 809 1,269 1, 473 2,165 1, 078 571 227 6,868 572 1, 130 Total (cols. 4-10) w NN 00 © ** © © © 99, 539 7,555 2,708 21, 386 791 6,547 30, 095 26, 606 1,034 2,816 105, 788 l^©t^t^rHO3CO©COO3CO00 ©©©U^©©rH©03©00© C0©00H^O©©04C0i-H00rH oo©©©©oo^~coco©H*r-*r rH CO Total cur¬ rent-fund expendi¬ tures (cols. 3, 11, 12, 13) w os © ^ eo ao >«v aooo us 147, 988 9,932 4, 458 33, 953 1, 276 7,768 43, 575 40, 835 1,414 4,777 157, 656 ©03©Tt<03 00 00©©T}<©CO OO^CO»-HOOCOOO©©rH©© cot^oo©©©coTt> *c For scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes eo COCO II 05 0* co cs 236 00 01 00 ^ CO C5 US CO rjt 1 Tfl i-H OOtHCCO* 605 lONO^MOlHHrH 1 N 1 CO i us © © For auxiliary enter¬ prises Other auxiliary enter¬ prises w GO r>» r» coco SnSnI ^ |j 1,927 ^N»ON(OHtOHO HTfCDOOQcDHCCH rH i-H 05 3,674 Dormi¬ tories, dining halls 3 eo eo us us © © 1 ODQO 6,107 247 271 738 246 469 1,369 2, 598 37 130 9,548 1,315 948 839 281 2, 729 764 912 512 254 40 249 706 For educational and general purposes Related activities o NN 1 us us eoco a©- ! 984 00 US l i 05 Tf CS i ^ co i imhoo ■ r-H ll© 1 1 1 1 1, 212 (NN050HHNNOQ ca CO lOOCM .USt^COt^O O5COCOC^U0cO00i-hi-h r-H r-H tJH C4 2,046 ©eO^Q00O5Oico©04 ddrHFHCDh.TjICJTP'^NOS iO©©©OO^T^»-©oo©©di^© ^uS^COrHTtTlOCOO* t-Too Region and State - Aggregate United States _ Continental United States _ Northeast . . . Connecticut - - - - - Maine .. - . . . - Massachusetts. _ _ _ _ New Hampshire . . . . .. New Jersey . . New York. _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ Rhode Island . . . . . . . Vermont _ _ _ _ _ _ North Central . . . Illinois . . . . . Indiana. _ _ ... ... .. . . Iowa _ _ _ _ _ Kansas _ _ _ _ _ .. .. Michigan _ _ _ _ Minnesota _ _ _ _ _ Missouri . . . . . . Nebraska . . . North Dakota . . . . . ... Ohio South Dakota . . _ . Wisconsin — . . HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 115 2 0* 82 :§ ; .■SS-SSS*' - § c* 05 3? ^ 5 S* rr S3 l28Il8ISS5S§i-s r-T 1 M*ass 1 690 ‘01 ISiSsslallSsl 3I ll of sssasa 1 I00 is- j^-gg r i S Ss is i : § N g8sslllslisl§ s r-T s £N §11811 ** s-*5sasssa3iss « 1 S S2 is i is is§S is : : : : i i i i i i i i i i i > iiii i i i if r i i i i CO a is^sss i i i i i i i iCCOC'QCO > i i i i i ■ i i ■ i-i 0* »-h i 1 CO « i i j s s i i j j j iiii: § a IgllSSlililSI 1 -r ^^vr.-reiWcf'* ~ 1 to 1, 496 1,376 415 697 764 2,052 I •O isssssssasiss e * a §1SI81 1 s' iSliflliSSIss 6 *-« ©2 O 02 N N W V* 4,072 r 13, 677 Islllslgll *! co .-T-T » »— < :s§§ cooot^oocoo 1-H CO ^ o ^ OOHOOC5C5MOO © N^C-^CC^C^ © ©OOW^OJON ^HOOCO^^OOOO COOCCWNOHH »C ^ O CO 00 © © ^^i-H COr-lOO • t»CS»0 2§s JO^iOOiONN^O^OHONiP hOOh»OC5C5CCN©©NC5NON i-h *1 0* CO 1-H 00 ^ ^ C^iOCOi-H MHN^OOOM CJCON^OWCiCC* H00WH CS CS HOO^OOOONOOCOH^OOH © 00 i-h i-h t>» r>- o o © i-» © o n I ^ »CN t— ll 30 )ONWOWNXCCNNO»OlOa •V O V of of lOVCf HON H to . I C c S X N : iNW^NHM, oo of i-fi-Ti-f s B a S3 "o a O >>■0 ra^dg aSSssi-gS-t^iog a a ^2’“2 ’^iSfa.e.e 2 «|l»ls|||3lilg| a o w 15 £ d = — Si _ m3 3 la * ; i a |:a oac S-S'S © •rr37HC30Pi|c3>» ■as*! §§§ Table 6.— Additions to physical plant, institutions of higher education, by control of institution, type of asset, region, and State: 1953-54 [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] 118 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Privately controlled institutions Unfinish¬ ed con¬ struction (includ¬ ing in¬ ventories) ce CO GO go r* M N c* e* 18, 846 250 110 2,985 348 8, 550 6, 604 7,673 2, 657 666 268 29 475 4 689 2,801 34 50 Furni¬ ture and equip¬ ment •N If* 05 CO o* OS 60- 9, 929 00 00 050SCOCDC00500 NU3tP(NOONOOOO M3 H t>- C* rH •«* N 05 CO O 00 !ig°s!§8§”ssI ,4Vh rH* rH* Build¬ ings and improve¬ ments os ® OS 03 03 05 05 3 CO CD^N^NOfNNOO NOOCOOOHNOO HOOWrHOifNOJNH CO 00 CO CSH 3, 567 3,031 21 106 18 12 64 14 19 77 -38 13 230 Total w *** GO M»> 03 05 go C5 05 70, 678 4,062 1,000 12, 767 202 3,988 27, 831 19, 489 1,049 290 47, 525 IlsIsillfsSl tCc^Tti* (N-Tio-T 00 ‘ co* Vcoof 3 s •O* i lass II ; ; co*of : I i s 5 is j 1 of jass&gs— §*-8§g i § r-H i 2 rH* Ir* : jrt* ! ! !(NrHTt< ! » 1 05 1 i : : ; 1 s? g|S8S||S|||gggSS I hT 0fc0*C0*V*O 00* *0*COCO* CO 8 a j-sss i of : c*w ; : i 1 il : Si is liss-s-Si!-- i co* :«* : hv ^*^*®* : i i 1 2 318 IS oo* -i j Islls! 1- ! s 11 1 S' lSliiS§IggIISSlS 3 ^h*^t .-t-t of »-t ^*«f i S 8S988 00* rH Issisa rH* ! 8 1 1 ssg 1 s' IsSSflsssssssIsl i nf^ofofco* 1 -* of co* *o‘ -n* r-f -** of *Q ; 3 s' 8SI83881189 •HMO* rH* of rH* CO 8 SSS i co* |SSSg§$|g:25§SgS« j s j;ss= | 1 s' issSsSlIlllgsil! 3 of*Q'edof*OrHt«rod'**“i>*cfeot-frHcoof I s' IssisISSisI OfrHOO* Of rHUOOfcO'rH* 5 8 sis rf 8 3 IS !llSs3§l§ll5SS 1 CO ^* rHOfrH* rH* s gf 3rS Is of of ! Innojoo : co* hT co* 1 1 1 | s SSS8SiS88S3ISSSe 1 rH* ,H*hH hH*,H eOl-H rHCDrH 1 CO* glial Of Hi* isssss ! rH* rH* §1 1 sgs s 5 islifl§IS§sig§fg 1 ofrn*ofof*o ofodi'fcdod'<**iH odjcodr-f Is o llsSlillilS rH*a0*.-O* nf C0*r**0* s 1 s IBs -r s 882S8SS§ga2|g||" S i-H Is 1 CO* of 1*883 | «9 *0 § g slalllsslslllIS! 1 ^*^*CO* of 00**0* N*^*^*CO*CO*T*r coo* o of CO* 1 1 s' IIsIIIkssII of © oo of hVooh 8 SIS of hT South . - . ---1 1 ! ; i ! 1 ! M 1 1 1 j 1 1 ! ; ; S i i | i i S I i i I j j i i j i i III!!!!! i! \\\\i ! | j j jjjjjjjjj 4 1 i IlSflJIllllil 1 j j j j ||j; Hill iisil 'S.SS,si jlj iji ills! ! 1 , 1 1 cc" p ® i P ; I 1 O i f ! f y Mi <1P i i I i \n Bo II li 420234 — 57 - 9 1 Less than $500; does not round to 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Table 7 .—Additions to physical plant , institutions of higher education , by type of institution , region , and State: 1953—54 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Region and State All insti¬ tutions Univer¬ sities Liberal arts colleges Separat< Teach¬ ers col¬ leges ;ly organ schc Techno¬ logical schools ized profi >ols Theo¬ logical schools sssional Other profes¬ sional schools Junior col¬ leges 1 • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United States _ $533, 138 $272, 8fi3 $124, 629 $49,484 $24, 738 $8,359 $26, 497 $26, 536 Continental United States _ 530, 804 271,169 124,214 49,484 24, 738 8, 359 26, 497 26, 341 Northeast . . 103, 348 48, 594 23, 348 11,840 9,510 1,300 3, 998 4, 758 10, 823 5, 638 2, 843 2, 099 184 9 50 2,017 945 985 71 (2) 15 Massachusetts— _ _ 16, 720 7, 355 3, 788 1,062 2, 096 13 1, 694 712 778 681 36 61 New Jersry _ 5, 890 1,589 980 1,364 753 212 35 957 New York _ _ — ... ... 39, 699 19, 710 5, 354 4,374 5, 314 485 1,887 2, 574 Pennsylvania _ _ - _ 25, 501 11,916 8, 841 2, 491 1,348 396 221 290 1, 139 472 378 116 10 151 12 780 287 142 203 148 _ North Central _ 152, 536 92, 932 26, 558 21.214 4,708 1,699 2,200 3, 226 Illinois . . . . . 31,674 19, 109 4, 750 2, 450 3, 301 857 527 681 18, 806 10, 476 2,313 5,742 156 16 103 9, 723 7, 365 1,767 232 73 67 219 11,384 7, 832 2,690 654 16 192 Michigan _ 21,514 16, 145 904 1,708 528 25 1,442 762 9, 620 7,833 1,310 258 200 10 8 Missouri __ _ _ _ 9,927 5, 785 1,330 1,661 404 123 623 Nebraska 4, 790 3,412 769 594 9 6 North Dakota 2, 829 1,360 909 339 222 Ohio 18, 871 9, 221 8,938 625 32 26 29 South Dakota 1,458 305 589 491 58 15 Wisconsin _ 11,938 4, 088 289 7, 085 40 67 5 365 South _ 170, 120 68, 181 51,852 12, 871 6, 389 4, 331 18, 426 8,070 Alabama 4, 149 1, 354 948 389 983 12 464 Arkansas 5, 506 3, 959 1,228 313 6 Delaware... . . 3,284 3,017 217 50 Florida... _ _ _ _ 9, 490 4, 558 4,637 (2) 294 Georgia _ _ _ _ 8, 459 3, 295 2, 006 373 1,188 167 713 717 Kentucky _ _ 5,089 1, 542 1,336 99 1,974 137 Louisiana 12, 174 7, 184 1,678 1,774 510 1,028 Maryland 14’ 367 lo’ 404 1,730 2, 111 104 11 7 Mississippi 4, 604 614 2,285 689 1,017 North Carolina _ _ 16, 514 3,838 8,741 1,900 1,258 206 570 Oklahoma. 6,703 2, 929 1,282 792 1,700 South Carolina. _ _ . . 4, 569 1,251 2,204 46 86 933 50 Tennessee 13, 070 4, 979 5, 556 1, 948 289 172 126 Texas _ _ _ 45, 204 12, 235 11,476 1,932 1,205 439 15, 769 2,148 Virginia. . _ 10, 423 2, 059 5, 405 268 911 314 820 646 West Virginia . 2,880 1,821 700 272 (2) 88 District of Columbia 3, 632 3,141 424 10 7 50 _ West . . . . . 104, 689 61,464 22, 455 3, 558 4, 020 1,029 1,874 10, 287 Arizona _ _ _ 2,703 1, 690 962 16 35 California . . . . . 60, 830 34, 284 12, 663 2,788 960 1,858 8, 276 Colorado 8,937 5, 541 701 1,616 857 9 213 Idaho 868 525 319 24 Montana 2, 816 1,240 1,269 101 133 72 Nevada 100 100 New Mexico 1,719 472 770 235 242 Oregon 7, 785 5, 256 2, 070 317 52 90 Utah 6, 792 6, 115 95 582 Washington _ _ _ _ 10, 830 5, 731 4, 568 327 8 195 Wyoming _ 1,309 509 800 U. S. Service Schools _ 111 111 -- Outlying parts of the U. S. T3?T L69T 416~ 215 Alaska 275 275 Puerto Rico 1,695 1,339 141 215 Territory of Hawaii 355 355 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult-education level. 2 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 121 Table 7. — Additions to physical plant, institutions of higher education , by type of institution, region, and State: 1953-54 — Continued B. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Region and State All insti¬ tutions Univer¬ sities Liberal arts col¬ leges Separately organized pro¬ fessional schools Junior colleges 1 Teachers colleges Techno¬ logical schools Other profes¬ sional schools i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Aggregate United States,.. . . $334, 814 $193, 276 $42, 751 $48, 142 $10, 166 $20, 567 $19,912 Continental United States... _ 332,846 191,583 42,477 48, 142 10, 166 20, 567 19,912 Northeast _ _ _ 32, 669 14, 495 234 11, 744 639 2,965 2,592 6, 761 4, 658 2, 099 5 1,017 945 71 (2) 3, 953 1, 146 981 308 1, 505 13 ' 576 515 61 1,901 1,362 175 365 New York' . . . . . 11, 868 3, 449 234 4,361 156 1,460 2,207 6, 012 3,520 2,491 2 90 -26 116 490 287 203 North Central . . . . 105, 011 74, 811 7,639 20,636 271 5 1,648 13, 747 9,174 2,235 2,126 212 16, 313 10, 476 5,742 94 4, 983 4,709 232 42 10, 529 7,832 1, 918 654 125 18, 600 15, 822 142 1,708 213 715 8, 096 7, 833 258 5 Missouri. _ ---- - _ .. . 4,844 2,895 272 1, 661 17 Nebraska -.. . . 3, 772 3, 326 88 354 6 North Dakota 2,905 1, 360 984 339 222 Ohio _ 10, 360 8, 736 1,624 South Dakota . . . 1, 232 305 378 491 58 W isconsin 9, 632 2,344 7, 072 5 211 South . . . . 111, 662 46,839 23,792 12, 422 5,617 17, 597 5,395 Alabama . . . . . 2,621 1, 354 329 389 549 Arkansas 5,272 3, 959 997 313 4 Delaware _ _ _ _ _ _ 3, 195 3, 017 178 Florida . ..-. . . .. _ 7,261 3, 162 4,019 80 Georgia _ _ _ . 5,103 1,728 637 373 1, 188 698 479 Kentucky .. .... _ . . 1,799 1,542 164 91 2 Louisiana . . . 7,488 4, 598 606 1, 774 510 Maryland _ _ 8,593 6,330 145 2,111 7 Mississippi 4,082 614 1, 84 4 689 934 North Carolina _ _ 7, 976 2,201 2, 609 1,900 1,258 7 Oklahoma . . 5,810 2, 798 520 792 1,700 South Carolina 3, 782 1,251 1, 553 46 933 Tennessee 7, 618 4, 009 1, 812 1, 507 289 Texas _ _ _ _ _ 31, 484 6,849 4, 742 1,932 879 15, 147 1, 935 Virginia _ _ _ _ _ _ 6, 869 1, 607 3, 060 268 898 820 217 West Virginia 2,699 1. 821 576 272 31 District of Columbia 10 10 West. _ _ .. 83, 392 55,437 10, 811 3, 340 3, 527 10, 277 Arizona 2,687 1,690 962 35 California 51, 571 32,400 8,659 2,296 8,216 Colorado 8,144 5,460 1, 616 857 210 Idaho 667 525 117 24 Montana. . . . ... 2,813 1, 210 1,267 101 133 72 Nevada 100 100 New Mexico 1,710 472 768 228 242 Oregon 5,679 5, 256 282 142 Utah 2,635 2, 053 582 W ashington . . . 6, 077 5,731 150 195 W yoming 1, 309 509 800 U. S. Service Schools _ 111 — 111 — Outlying parts of the U. S — 1,968 1, 694 275 Alaska 275 275 Puerto Rico 1,339 1, 339 Territory of Hawaii... . . .. 355 355 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degrec-granting insti¬ tutions operating on the undergraduate or adult-education level. 2 Less than 500; does not round to 1 thousand. 420234—57 - 10 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Table 7. — Additions to physical plant, institutions of higher education, by type of institution, region, and State: 1953-54 — Continued C. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Separately organized professional Liberal Junior Region and State All insti¬ tutions Univer¬ sities arts colleges Teach¬ ers col¬ leges Techno¬ logical schools Theo¬ logical schools Other profes¬ sional schools col¬ leges1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United States _ . . $198, 314 197,958 $79, 587 79, 587 $81, 878 81, 737 $1,342 1,342 $14, 573 14, 573 $8, 359 8,359 $5,930 5,930 $6, 044 6,429 Continental United States _ 70,678 34,098 23, 114 96 8, 871 1,300 1,032 2,166 4, 062 1,000 12, 767 202 980 2, 843 985 184 9 46 (2) 189 15 6,209 166 3,788 36 81 1, 787 13 700 New Hampshire... .... _ _ 3,988 27, 831 19, 489 1,049 290 1,589 16, 261 8, 396 498 980 2 578 212 35 591 5, 120 13 5, 158 1,348 485 427 367 8, 841 378 396 221 288 10 151 12 142 148 47, 525 18, 120 18, 919 578 4,437 1,699 2, 195 1,578 17, 928 2, 493 4, 741 855 9,935 2, 515 2,313 1,767 772 324 3, 301 156 857 527 468 16 9 2,656 73 67 178 Kansas _ 16 67 Michigan... _ _ _ 2, 914 1,524 323 762 315 25 1,442 47 Minnesota _ _ _ _ 1,310 1,059 682 200 10 4 Missouri 5,083 1,018 -76 2, 890 87 404 123 607 Nebraska... . _ _ _ 241 9 North Dakota _ .... _ _ -76 Ohio . 8,511 227 485 7,314 211 625 32 26 29 South Dakota 15 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ 2,306 1,744 289 14 40 67 153 South . . . . 58, 458 21,341 28,059 450 772 4,331 829 2, 675 Alabama _ _ 1,528 234 619 434 12 464 Arkansas _ _ _ _ _ 231 3 Delaware . 89 39 50 Florida. 2,229 3, 356 1,396 1,567 618 (2) 15 214 Georgia _ _ _ _ 1,369 167 238 Kentucky _ _ _ _ _ _ 3, 290 4,685 5, 775 1,172 1,071 1,585 441 9 1,974 135 Louisiana _ _ _ _ 2,586 4, 075 1,028 104 Maryland _ 11 Mississippi . 523 82 North Carolina 8, 538 893 1,637 6, 132 762 206 563 Oklahoma. . ... _ _ _ 131 South Carolina _ . _ _ _ 787 652 86 50 Tennessee. . 5, 452 969 3, 744 6, 734 2, 345 124 441 172 126 Texas _ 13, 720 3, 554 181 5,386 452 326 439 623 212 Virginia.. ... _ _ _ _ 13 314 1 429 West Virginia. . _ (2) 7 57 District of Columbia . . 3,623 3, 141 424 50 West _ _ ... .. ... . 21, 297 6,027 11, 644 218 493 1,029 1,874 11 Arizona _ _ _ _ 16 16 California _ 9,259 794 1,884 81 4, 004 701 493 960 1,858 60 Colorado _ 9 3 Idaho. .. . 202 202 Montana 3 3 Nevada . . . . ... _ New Mexico _ _ _ 9 2 7 Oregon. _ 2,106 4, 157 2,070 95 35 52 -52 Utah. . 4, 062 Washington. 4, 753 4, 568 176 8 Outlying part of the U. S. 356 141 215 Puerto Rico 356 141 215 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting insti¬ tutions operating on the undergraduate or adult -education level. 2 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 123 Table 8. — Property, institutions of higher education, by type of asset, region, and State: 1954 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS i [Thousands of dollars. Total, all assets (Columns 3 and 7) Endowment and other nonexpendable funds Plant assets Total funds Endow¬ ment funds 1 2 Stu¬ dent loan funds Annu¬ ity funds Total plant assets Value of physical plant Liquid assets of plant fund 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $11, 345, 265 $3, 312, 565 $3, 196, 120 $49, 192 $67, 253 $8, 032, 700 $7, 559, 556 $473, 145 11, 305, 522 3, 310, 227 3, 193, 889 49,085 67, 253 7, 995, 295 7, 523, 193 472, 101 3, 504, 760 1, 459, 665 1, 423, 898 16, 632 19, 134 2, 045, 095 1, 935, 220 109, 875 388, 00£ 179, 839 175, 906 1,785 2, 148 208, 170 198, 260 9, 910 57, 88C 22, 264 21, 723 174 367 35, 616 33. 227 2, 389 817, 332 439, 928 429, 289 5, 462 5, 177 377, 404 365, 206 12, 198 67, 58£ 37, 814 37, 246 516 53 29, 775 28,596 1, 179 281, 356 112, 943 111, 506 1,285 152 168, 413 162, 556 5, 857 1, 090, 653 418, 181 405, 547 4,156 8, 482 672, 469 617, 258 55, 212 691, 234 208, 140 203, 716 2,512 1, 913 483, 093 460, 289 22, 805 72, 461 26, 398 26, 024 192 181 46,063 45, 829 234 38, 245 14, 153 12, 942 550 662 24, 092 24, 000 92 3,005,703 678, 021 646, 549 13, 056 18, 416 2, 327, 682 2, 195, 000 132, 682 675, 580 222, 800 212, 357 2,221 8,222 452, 780 433, 427 19, 353 291,539 52, 506 49, 014 985 2, 507 239, 033 216, 029 23, 004 160, 246 26, 016 24, 097 689 1,229 134, 231 127, 924 6, 307 119, 434 14, 394 13, 420 507 467 105,039 99, 203 5, 836 429, 669 44, 950 42, 656 1,936 359 384, 719 368, 241 16, 478 253, 026 69, 268 67, 576 1,090 602 183, 759 176, 769 6,989 257, 267 61, 860 58, 993 1,680 1, 187 195, 407 188, 901 6, 506 68, 529 10, 905 10, 071 428 407 57, 623 53, 592 4,031 46, 931 6, 950 6,809 140 39, 982 38, 556 1 426 475, 645 136, 628 130, 977 2, 486 3, 166 339, 017 305, 037 33, 980 33, 579 5,645 5, 428 161 56 27, 934 27, 229 705 194, 257 26,099 25, 153 733 213 168, 158 160, 091 8,067 3, 195, 686 882, 808 851, 871 14, 650 16, 287 2, 312, 878 2, 185, 194 127, 684 125, 055 27, 483 22, 820 1,012 3, 651 97, 572 93, 360 4, 212 71,617 10,581 10, 087 423 71 61,036 56,782 4, 254 27, 486 10, 028 9,895 42 91 17, 458 15, 855 1, 603 134, 186 10, 999 10, 148 741 111 123, 186 115, 236 7, 950 199, 969 65, 433 63, 032 1, 905 497 134, 537 129, 208 5, 329 158, 718 44, 816 38, 062 807 5,947 113, 902 108, 648 5, 254 162, 749 33, 388 32, 445 480 463 129, 362 124, 459 4,903 199, 103 58, 037 57, 343 224 471 141, 066 128, 284 12, 781 83, 377 8, 384 8, 115 253 16 74, 993 72, 146 2, 847 368, 090 100, 149 98, 026 1, 855 268 267, 940 244, 913 23,027 167, 184 20, 129 18, 815 1, 122 192 147, 055 141, 928 5, 128 112, 325 14, 159 13, 747 304 107 98, 167 91, 726 6,440 218, 640 73,053 69, 312 1,497 2,244 145, 587 141, 580 4, 007 747, 623 319, 353 315, 588 2, 296 1,469 428, 270 398, 733 29, 536 220, 736 62, 632 60, 991 1,242 398 158, 105 150, 169 7, 936 78, 325 4,827 4, 650 133 44 73, 498 72, 883 614 120, 503 19, 357 18, 796 315 247 101, 146 99,283 1,863 1,474, 511 289, 734 271, 571 4,747 13, 416 1, 184, 777 1, 082, 917 101, 860 37, 208 1,723 1, 659 64 35, 485 34, 855 630 849, 550 200, 945 185, 585 2, 419 12, 941 648, 606 568, 622 79, 983 98, 909 10,560 9, 873 559 127 88, 350 84, 898 3, 452 41, 455 9, 190 9, 114 76 32, 265 32, 109 156 37, 374 6, 216 6, 121 81 15 31, 157 30, 275 883 6, 775 1,221 1,121 100 5, 554 4, 626 928 47, 916 13, 438 13, 403 35 34, 479 33,096 1, 382 104, 081 10, 723 9,867 690 166 93, 358 83, 949 9, 409 56, 553 1, 798 1,588 204 5 54, 755 53, 036 1,720 169, 086 27, 443 26, 944 342 158 141. 643 138, 412 3,231 25, 604 6, 477 6, 297 177 3 19, 127 19,039 87 124, 862 1 124, 862 124, 862 39, 744 2, 338 2, 231 107 37, 406 36, 363 1,043 4,314 49 19 30 4, 265 3, 604 661 317 317 317 223 223 223 23, 899 2, 034 1,985 50 21,865 21, 483 382 10, 990 ! 255| 228 27 10, 736 10, 736 Region and State Aggregate United States Continental United States _ Northeast. Connecticut.. . Maine _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire- New Jersey _ New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ Vermont _ North Central. Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri _ Nebraska _ North Dakota. Ohio _ South Dakota. "Wisconsin _ South. Alabama _ Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ Kentucky _ Louisiana. . Maryland _ Mississippi _ North Carolina. Oklahoma _ South Carolina. Tennessee _ Texas _ Virginia _ "West Virginia.. District of Columbia . West _ Arizona . •California _ Colorado _ Idaho _ Montana _ Nevada _ New Mexico . Oregon _ Utah _ Washington . Wyoming _ U. S. Service Schools . Outlying parts of the U. S. Alaska _ Canal Zone _ Guam _ Puerto Rico _ Territory of Hawaii 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (technological, theological, and other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. 2 Includes funds functioning as endowment. 124 HIKNNfAL HUIIVICV OK EDUCATION, 1052 1054 TmM<- II. — Proftrrly, ln*lilnllonn of hltflior rducallttn, It y lypa of n*tn-l, rt^lon, anti Slain lOfii — < iont inu<i'iidnMi' funds f'Jnnf. assnts Total funds Kndow rnmit. fll/lds * Hl.fO dmit Mini funds A *18,078 17,040 A nn li¬ ny funds Total plant i marts Vnliin nf physical (ilnnl. f/Ojiild uftsots nf (limit fund 1 3 8 $0 80, 077 8ft, 770 4, 008 K »*f i Hr,, A0 7 ft, OfiO A, 080 JAI 80, ft 77 7ft, 040 4, 088 M li lilimo 8ft7, 7 If. 78, 704 70, OOA 1,870 878, 077 818, 08/1 14,047 M IniiiumlM 178 470 ftl, A84 A/l, 080 070 77A 170, 04 ft 171, Mil M Ifiioin 1 1(1 ft, flft.'l 8, 474 7, 0A8 471 A0 101, ft 70 08, 074 8, A00 Noliiii'il' n 44, 701 7, 107 1,080 787 47, A04 80, 104 8, 480 f Ini Hi 1 ink nl.it 44, 870 A, ft 00 ft, 887 118 88, 870 87, 4A8 1,470 * i lilo 778, 078 7A, 77ft 74, 077 8ft 4 707, 848 170,08ft 78,817 Miiiilli Mill' ulii 74, 700 7, 747 7, 708 88 71, 007 71, 488 474 W IssnnslU 180, 007 8, 888 8, ft 17 817 A8 177, 010 110, 000 A, 071 Hoy TM 1,814,710 81/'., 000 808, 80ft 8, 180 4, 074 1, 407, ft 17 1,418, 080 88, A70 A Inl.nmn 87,401 II, 400 0, 874 041 8, Oftl 70, 00ft 08, 0A8 7, 843 A 1 1- no mm ft/l, 781 7, 7A8 7, 088 17ft 47, 478 48, 887 4, 141 1 mlnwiur 70, A78 0, 88ft 0,7/1 84 80 10, 088 JA, OOA 1, A08 I'lm Mu 80, 007 1,477 1, 070 8A7 88, 48/) 81, 7AA 1 0, 730 1 inniidn 8'i, 8ft4 A, 7A0 4, IA7 1,008 77, 104 74, 80A ' 7, 700 K mil, link v 78, 708 8, 888 7, 18ft 700 080 7A, 8?ft 7I.0AA 8, 070 1 on|f limn 8ft, 400 08A : JO 700 84, 87 A 8 1 , 0A7 7, 81.8 M in vlnml 87, 077 8, A70 8, 474 ft? 70, 800 70, A40 8, 848 M Isslsslnf »l Moi III i 'million 04, 810 1,477 1,417 17) 07, 888 00, 78A 7, ftl. 8 107, 800 0, 177 A, 477 741 IfiO, 107 140, 100 10, 008 l ill liiliniiiit 180, 088 18, 808 17,811 I,0fi7 170, 070 171, A44 4, A8I Mon I II ( 'million 07,717 1, 874 1, 708 lift Oft, 880 00, 088 ft, HOI ' 1 '(• 1 1 1 1 ( 78, 8ft7 1, 70A 1, 0A7 7 00 71, A87 00, ftftH 7, 078 '1 I'-in.'i ft.8 1 , 108 780, 77 ft 778, 800 1, 400 800, 01 H 780, 700 70, 077 Vliyloln 181, A70 77, 800 71,088 810 4 108, 708 108, 800 i. 0A4 Wosf. Virginia 08,710 101 177 0A 08, 078 07, 040 88 1 Mnli lot, of ( 'nliiiiililn i, 1,08 A 1,938 i ' |,0ft0, 10 A 114, 817 178, 471 7, 444 8, 440 071, 708 889, 448 88, 8 A0 A i i/onn 80, 1 ft 7 1, 700 1 , OfiO 47 84, 440 88, 878 010 l nllfin nln Aft f , 081 00, 801 0A, 088 80A 8, 448 487, 747 411, A87 70, Oftft I dim mlu 00, 870 7, 700 1, 070 OOA 07, 080 04, Oftl 7, 070 Mnlio 88 Zft8 8, ft04 8, AAA 88 70, 004 70, ft If) IA4 M on 1, non 88, 880 4, 08ft 4, 0A8 77 78, 401 37, A 10 88.4 Nov min 0, 77ft 1, 771 1, 171 100 A, AA4 4, 070 078 Now M ok loo 44 047 18, 488 18, 408 8ft 81, ftOO 80, 177 1,887 1 II I'l'lill 74, 777 7, 071 7, A07 40A 71, ZAO 07, 8 1 0 8, 484 f J f nil 40, 087 1, 808 1, 700 108 80, 870 88, 84 4 1,08 A VV moli li i o loo 18 A, I7A 71, 08 ft 71, 718 777 118, ion 111,000 1, 104 W voiolot' 7ft, 001 0, 477 0, 707 111 8 10, 177 10,080 87 II. M 1‘lr.ltVH If. !!( IlliOl.n Oul 1 vlii|r inirfn of ilio II. H A limit n < mill /.ooo (liiinii Com In l, i i t i 'I'm i llm i’ of 1 1 nwnll 174, 807 174,807 174,807 8(1, A88 9, 077 88 94, AM 99, AAft mu 4, 814 817 778 70, 001 10, 000 40 1, 778 7ft A 10 1, 008 778 :n 111 77 4, 70ft 817 778 18, 071 10, 780 8, 004 817 778 18, 071 10, 780 001 800 1 Inrliiih ■ il(t (lulu fin 1 1 1 1 1 1- 1 >«n i > 1 1- 1 1 1 1 y ori'iml/«il ncliooltt (l.urlnjolofiliiiil iui< I ollu l ), 8fi|>ninl.n ilntn for wlilili III!' Mill, fil cniiii 1.0(1 III 1 1 1 1 o l.olilo * Im linli n funds fund looliii! ns indowuimil, iriOUKR EDUCATION- IIECIOIPTH, 10 X IMCN DITimKH, AND PROPERTY 125 Tiililt* H. — I'rojM'rly, innl i I n I ion » of lil^lwr nlnca I ion , hy lyin' of annri, raglon, ami Slali': loilllllliril (3. IMIIVATKLY OONTHOUvlCD INHTITHTIONH 1 | TImmimii ml m of tin I In i‘M. Detail flOM not iiitcnmh rlly mill In lotnl hecouxe of rounding | J^imIow iim-iiI mid other I * I U 1 1 1 nHHCtH iionexpmidithle fnii'l i Total, nil Region mill HI, ate UHMotM (coin, It ICndow Mill- Anno 'I .,i ,i Value nf Mould mnl 7) Total moot limit II y plmit pliynliitl umietH fllllllH fllllllH J loan fllllllH iimhkIh plmit of plant fllllllH fund i I 8 4 a II 7 8 II Aggregate United Minim *«. 339, 'jin $7. (IMA. ftOX |'f. AIMI, 80 1 III, 1(14 $A7. A43 93. 04 3, 740 13,370,471 1173,370 Continental Hulled Ml ul «. m. 04 9 7. (IMA. 107 3, Aim. aoo 31, 14A A7, A43 3. A3II, 84(1 3, 3117, (1AM 173, 1X7 Noutukamt a. uni, aaa 1,480, 800 1,400, 801 10,007 18,007 1,041,872 1, 000, 088 81,480 < 'onnootlout ;i;i;i, 308 170, 008 170,714 1, 780 2, MX 108, 800 101, 187 2, 1318 M ul no 3o, v-i r, 70, 8X0 10, 017 107 807 10,800 18,017 1,842 MllMHUCllUHetl.H 77/. 400 48X, 0X4 4 78, 001 0, 440 0, 177 888, 720 870, 700 17,010 New IlmnpHhlro 48, M3 84, 807 84, 787 IX 08 18, 710 18, 702 14 , Now Jimmy '/AO, 400 1 17, 704 111,8X0 1, 208 107 M n, ooo 140, 800 0,810 Now York lino, woo 418, 040 401, 081 8, 078 8, 4X7 047, 040 000, 077 41,072 I’enmiyl vmilii f>78, 037 700, 110 707, 000 7, Ml 1,018 877,018 804, 200 IX, 704 Rhode Inland no, 008 70, 880 70, 0/4 174 IXI 84, 808 84, 184 274 Vermont . 'A a/i 7, 700 0, 077 100 70 10, 171 10, 140 20 Nour/r ('kntkai, . 1, 849, 080 078, 800 400, 0X8 7,810 17, 400 870, 174 7X7, 048 22, 0X0 Illinois 478, 841) 717, 080 708, 100 1,010 8,710 2(31, 014 202, 077 8, 287 1 ml luiiii 170, 72(1 41,0X8 - 007 1,840 70, 018 70, 820 8, 218 lown 00, 707 77, 407 TO, 84 8 881 1,770 44, 204 42,040 1,(381 Kniimm 87, xi;n X, 404 7,7X1 100 407 74, 402 28, 004 808 Michigan 77, 4 A, 8 10, 000 10, 000 007 800 00, 707 04, 201 1, 070 Mlnnexota 74, MX 17,784 10, 800 401 877 00, 814 00, 070 1,220 M hiomi 107,714 OX, 8X0 00, 080 1,700 1, 187 08, 828 00, 827 8, 000 NnliniMlui 78, 708 X, 780 X, Ml 101 407 10,070 14, 478 (3)1 North link oin 7, 008 1, 400 1,477 22 1, 108 1, 108 Ohio 717, 077 110, 808 100, ooo 1,087 8, 100 180, 100 170,002 10, |OX Houth Dakota 8, 871 7, 808 7, 770 178 00 0, 077 0, 74 1 221 Wlucooiihi 08, 800 17,710 10,041 471 100 40, 188 48, 002 2, M0 Hoi/tii 1,8X1,470 000, 100 047, 070 0, 070 11,018 810,800 771,708 1 1. 109 A hihiinin 47, 004 10, 010 10,040 70 70, 078 74, 708 1,87!) A rk moifiM 71,8X0 7, 878 7,404 708 71 18,008 18,400 112 1 Jeliiwure 018 148 174 8 II 770 7<3) 10 Klorlda 44, 788 0, 077 0, 077 880 III 84, 700 88,481 1,720 Meorgln 117, 010 00, 1X8 08, 874 817 407 07, 488 04,812 2, 020 K untuck y XO, 010 41, 488 80, 877 047 0, 000 88, 077 80, 008 1, 0X4 Ooulilnnn 77, 700 87, 708 87, 1 10 181 408 44, 080 47, 002 2, 070 Maryland no, ixo 04,011 08, 800 171 471 01,000 07, 780 2, 024 M 1 :il".:lpp| 10, 007 0, 007 0, oox 108 10 12, 100 11,011 240 Noi Hi I Hioll/m 700, 771 08, 078 07, 000 i, no 708 III, 748 08, 724 12, 010 I >k Inhoiiin 77, 740 0, 70,0 0, 004 70 102 20, 080 70, 8X8 ooo Hon th Carolina 44,018 17,880 17, 080 180 107 82, 278 81,088 040 TnoricfiHcn 140, 7X7 71, 787 OX, 700 788 2, 244 74,(33) 72, 027 1,078 TOXHM 710, 480 80, 078 80, 777 887 1,4(71 127, 802 118, 488 X, 014 Virginia X0, 107 80, 870 80, OOX 478 804 40, 84 1 40, 8 (3) 2, 082 Went Virgin In 10, 100 4, 080 4, 078 00 44 10, 400 0, 048 027 Dhilrlct of Columbia 1 18, 008 10, 807 18, 700 810 247 00,211 07, 848 1,803 VV ||f 4 IX, 400 100,477 148, MO 7, 804 0, 0(71 702, 084 240, 474 12,010 Arizona 1,000 18 IX 1,080 1,077 II < California 707, 017 181,004 170, 007 1, 004 0, 408 100, 808 107,080 0, 328 ( Colorado 70, 080 8, 700 7, 047 100 177 21,820 20, 847 473 Idaho 8, 107 000 000 88 2, (7)1 2, 0(8.) 2 Moiitmoi 8, 087 1,781 1, 108 08 10 2, 700 2. 700 New Mexico. 7, 0171 2, 000 2, 000 Oregon 70, 800 7, 707 7, 990 770 100 22, 107 21, 188 074 l/tah 10, 871 400 8X8 107 0 10,870 14 ,002 084 Wauhlngton 88, 901 0, 008 0,781 no 108 28, 408 20,410 2, 087 Outlying pari of (lie 1/. M 311 303 ii 2, 894 3,813 83 Puerto Rico 8, TOO! 811 207 lol 2, 804 7,812 82 1 Includi-H itl no <1 nta tin Independently orymdzed proO tloiml hcIiooIm fleehnoloylcal, theological, and other), Kenarxte data fo/ which hh; not pre •.mite/l In thin table * Include* fund* functioning u« endowment. 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-1954 Table 8. — Property , institutions of higher education , by type of asset, region and State: 1954 — Continued D. UNIVERSITIES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Endowment and other Plant assets nonexpendable funds Total, all Region and State assets (cols. Endow¬ Stu¬ Annu¬ Total Value of Liquid 3 and 7) Total ment dent ity plant physical assets funds funds 1 loan funds assets plant of plant funds fund • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United States- $6, 068, 037 $2, 004,986 $1,944, 645 $27,212 $33, 129 $4, 063, 051 $3, 779, 507 $283,543 Continental United States _ 6, 036, 353 2, 003, 009 1,942, 724 27, 155 33, 129 4,033,344 3, 750, 101 283, 243 Northeast _ 1, 970, 038 897, 342 875, 231 9,808 12, 303 1, 072, 696 1, 002, 969 69, 727 Connecticut _ _ 308, 543 148, 300 144, 598 1,600 2,102 160, 243 151, 729 8, 514 14, 033 1, 843 1, 788 55 12, 190 11, 754 437 Massachusetts _ _ _ 443, 490 255^574 250, 373 1,966 3,235 187, 916 185, 364 2, 551 New Hampshire _ .. 57, 057 37, 075 36, 581 494 19, 982 19, 248 734 New Jersey _ _ 168; 253 70; 156 68, 978 1,152 26 98, 097 93, 406 4,691 New York _ 643, 976 283, 369 274, 386 2, 937 6,046 360, 607 324, 383 36, 224 Pennsylvania . . .. 272, 019 76, 315 75. 042 1,082 192 195, 704 179, 213 16, 491 Rhode Island... _ _ 48, 534 17, 757 17, 471 167 119 30, 777 30, 758 19 Vermont _ .. 14, 132 6,952 6, 015 354 583 7,180 7,113 68 North Central - 1, 748, 539 401, 449 386, 715 7,265 7,468 1, 347, 090 1. 257, 682 89, 408 Illinois _ _ _ 413, 587 163, 962 157, 009 1, 437 5,516 249, 625 239, 834 9,790 Indiana _ _ _ _ 186, 813 26, 830 25, 434 728 667 159, 983 140, 889 19, 094 Iowa . . ... . 88, 323 4,995 4, 617 286 92 83, 328 78, 541 4,787 Kansas _ 53, 657 3, 922 3, 691 231 49, 735 45, 949 3,786 Michigan _ 278, 776 29, 403 28, 220 1, 183 249, 373 236, 852 12, 521 Minnesota . . . 158, 359 51, 373 50, 550 597 225 106, 986 101, 732 5,254 Missouri _ _. .. 161, 615 45, 555 43, 682 1, 012 861 116,061 111,916 4, 145 Nebraska _ _ _ 39, 854 6, 094 5, 820 274 33, 759 31, 503 2,256 North Dakota _ _ 16. 144 2, 123 2,056 66 14, 021 13, 623 398 Ohio _ 242, 730 54, 482 53, 358 1,093 31 188, 248 167, 106 21, 141 South Dakota . 7, 435 860 860 6, 575 6, 575 Wisconsin . . . 101, 246 11,850 11, 418 356 76 89, 396 83, 162 6,234 South _ 1, 477, 193 530, 669 517, 025 7,185 6,460 946, 524 896, 802 49, 722 Alabama.. _ _ _ 38, 878 9,273 5, 018 658 3,596 29, 605 28, 785 821 Arkansas. _ 25, 442 244 133 112 25, 198 22, 436 2,763 Delaware. . . . . . 25, 212 9, 885 9,771 34 80 15, 327 13, 822 1,505 Florida _ _ 71, 669 1, 742 1, 459 282 69, 927 67, 202 2, 725 Georgia _ 76, 208 29, 770 28, 321 968 481 46, 438 43, 217 3. 221 Kentucky.. _ . . 49, 249 3, 333 2, 164 230 939 45, 917 42, 410 3, 506 Louisiana _ ... _ _ 95, 462 23, 153 22, 459 301 392 72, 309 68, 639 3, 669 Maryland _ _ 130, 725 48, 961 48, 725 147 89 81, 764 72. 971 8,793 Mississippi.. . . . . 13, 574 854 807 47 12, 720 11, 616 1, 104 North Carolina . _ 167, 471 72, 670 71, 382 1, 288 94, 801 91, 999 2,802 Oklahoma _ _ ... 114,055 16, 750 15, 734 1, 016 97, 305 93, 665 3, 640 South Carolina _ _ _ 14, 112 14, 112 14, 073 39 Tennessee.. _ _ 89, 470 35, 234 34, 347 887 54, 236 53, 197 1,038 Texas _ _ _ _ 389, 608 242, 716 241, 554 603 559 146, 892 136, 794 10, 098 Virginia _ _ _ _ 49, 950 18, 629 18, 157 314 158 31, 321 28, 611 2,710 West Virginia _ _ 29, 543 155 125 30 29, 388 29, 300 88 District of Columbia . . 96, 565 17, 300 16, 869 265 165 79, 265 78, 065 1,200 West . 840, 583 173, 549 163, 754 2, 897 6,899 667, 034 592, 647 74, 387 Arizona _ . .. 19, 270 1, 212 1, 181 31 18, 058 17, 722 336 California _ . ... 452, 665 122, 187 113, 870 1,419 6,899 330, 478 270, 823 59, 655 Colorado . . . 60, 482 5,060 4, 662 399 55, 421 54, 144 1,277 Idaho _ _ 27, 110 8, 585 8,555 30 18, 525 18, 414 112 Montana _ 11, 800 897 897 10, 902 10, 596 306 Nevada _ _ .. . 6, 775 1, 221 1, 121 100 5, 554 4,626 928 New Mexico _ 13, 233 1, 590 1, 575 15 11, 643 10, 942 701 Oregon . . .. 66, 749 2,939 2,507 432 63, 810 55, 659 8, 151 Utah _ _ _ 49, 785 1,587 1, 443 143 48, 199 46, 535 1,663 Washington. _ _ 107, 939 21, 797 21, 645 152 86, 142 84, 971 1,171 Wyoming _ _ _ 24, 775 6, 474 6,297 177 18, 302 18, 214 87 Outlying parts of the U. S . . . 31, 684 1,978 1,920 57 29, 706 29, 406 300 Puerto Rico _ _ 20, 694 1, 723 1, 693 31 18, 971 18, 671 300 Territory of Hawaii . . 10, 990 255 228 27 10, 736 10, 736 i Includes funds functioning as endowment. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 127 Table 8. — Property , institutions of higher education , by type of asset, region, and State: 1954— Continued E. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Region and State Aggregate United States. Continental United States . . . Northeast _ Connecticut . . ; Maine _ _ _ Massachusetts... . . ; New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania . . . . Rhode Island _ Vermont _ _ _ North Central - Illinois _ Indiana _ _ Iowa _ Kansas _ _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ _ _ Missouri _ Nebraska _ _ _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ Wisconsin _ South. . . Alabama . . . Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida _ _ _ Georgia _ _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland . . . Mississippi . . . North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee _ Texas _ _ Virginia . . . West Virginia . . District of Columbia . . West . . Arizona _ California _ Colorado . . Idaho _ _ Montana _ New Mexico. _ _ Oregon - - Utah _ Washington _ _ Outlying parts of the U.S... . Alaska . . Puerto Rico. Total, all assets (cols. 3 and 7) Endowment and other nonexpendable funds Plant funds Total funds Endow¬ ment funds 1 Stu¬ dent loan funds Annu¬ ity funds Total plant assets Value of physical plant Liquid assets of plant fund 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $2,837, 674 $827,608 $792, 751 $12, 063 $22, 795 $2, 010, 066 $1,911,405 $98, 660 2,831, 435 827,254 792,447 12, 013 22, 795 2, 004, 181 1, 906, 228 97, 953 853, 555 310, 628 303, 545 2,363 4, 720 542, 926 527, 008 15, 918 60, 308 27, 615 27,398 170 46 32, 693 31, 346 1, 347 37, 898 20, 276 19, 804 105 367 17, 622 16, 503 1,118 205, 081 100, 174 98, 366 429 1, 380 104, 906 100, 233 4,673 3,918 87 87 3,832 3, 818 14 59, 942 29,689 29, 666 8 14 30, 254 29, 793 461 208, 042 50, 173 47, 989 535 1, 650 157, 869 153, 038 4,831 252, 807 75, 591 73, 468 927 1, 196 177, 216 173, 767 3,449 5, 319 76 76 5,243 5, 243 20, 239 6,948 6,692 189 67 13. 292 13, 267 25 718, 841 219, 638 205, 643 4, 230 9,764 499, 203 472, 878 26, 326 138, 606 37, 332 34, 531 572 2, 229 101, 274 95, 459 5, 815 63, 374 20, 985 19,048 175 1,762 42, 389 39, 934 2, 455 50, 183 18, 882 17, 663 212 1,008 31, 300 30, 485 815 41, 207 10, 053 9, 374 230 448 31, 153 29, 300 1, 854 41, 840 10, 750 9,917 474 359 31, 089 30, 521 568 65, 131 15, 925 15, 386 359 180 49, 206 47, 993 1,213 36, 327 12, 809 12, 116 512 180 23, 519 22, 614 905 17, 201 4,633 4,171 94 368 12, 568 11, 167 1,401 16, 636 3, 485 3,453 32 13, 151 12, 931 220 198, 468 68, 595 64, 303 1, 226 3,066 129, 874 120, 239 9, 635 16, 856 3, 840 3,652 137 51 13, 016 12, 455 561 33, 013 12, 348 12, 028 207 113 20, 665 19, 780 885 960, 081 230, 675 221, 996 4,266 4, 413 729, 407 684, 238 45, 168 28, 652 6, 818 6, 696 67 55 21, 834 19, 934 1,901 34, 864 7,833 7, 454 308 71 27, 031 25, 723 1, 308 1,758 19 3 5 11 1,739 1, 641 99 56, 799 8, 290 7,728 451 111 48, 510 43, 367 5, 142 78, 393 31, 127 30, 481 630 16 47, 266 45, 561 1, 70 5 47, 386 23, 596 23, 035 276 286 23, 790 22, 920 869 43, 576 9,984 9,793 175 15 33, 592 32, 429 1, 163 48, 703 6,721 6,285 53 382 41, 983 38, 812 3, 171 41, 247 6,834 6, 777 42 16 34, 412 33, 769 643 117, 203 22, 585 22, 063 272 249 94, 619 81, 153 13, 466 26, 095 2,501 2,224 85 192 23, 594 22, 827 767 82, 298 13, 390 13, 101 284 5 68,909 64, 338 4,571 75, 082 25, 275 22, 738 379 2,158 49, 807 47, 666 2, 141 136, 797 26, 378 25, 236 602 539 110, 419 106, 407 4,012 97, 655 33, 077 32, 374 520 183 64, 578 61, 408 3, 169 27, 363 4,516 4,397 75 44 22, 847 22, 321 527 16, 210 1,733 1,609 42 81 14, 477 13, 963 515 298, 958 66. 313 61, 263 1, 153 3,897 232,645 222, 103 10, 541 544 544 533 11 171, 954 33, 086 29, 011 605 3,470 138, 869 131, 788 7,081 10, 889 3, 964 3,830 46 88 6,925 6,796 129 12, 039 596 559 38 11, 442 11, 440 2 15, 792 3,697 3, 623 59 15 12, 095 11, 915 180 24, 187 11, 523 11,511 13 12,663 12, 291 373 27.843 7,736 7,358 216 161 20, 107 19, 433 674 2, 444 204 140 59 5 2,240 2, 187 53 33, 266 5,507 5,231 119 158 27, 758 25, 721 2,037 6,239 354 304 49 5,885 5, 177 707 4, 314 49 19 30 4, 265 3,604 661 1,925 305 286 19 1,620 1,573 47 1 Includes funds functioning as endowment. 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Table 8. — Property , institutions of higher education , by type of asset , region , and State: 1954 — Continued F. TEACHERS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Region and State Total, all (col. 3 and 7) Endowment and other nonexpendable funds Total funds Endow¬ ment funds 1 Stu¬ dent loan funds Annu ity funds Plant assets Total plant Value of physical plant Liquid assets of plant fund Aggregate United States. Continental United States _ Northeast. Connecticut _ Maine _ Massachusetts .... New Hampshire. New Jersey _ New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ Vermont _ North Central. Illinois . . Indiana . Iowa _ Kansas _ Michigan . . Minnesota _ Missouri . . Nebraska _ North Dakota. Ohio _ South Dakota. Wisconsin _ South. Alabama _ Arkansas _ Georgia _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ North Carolina. Oklahoma _ South Carolina. Tennessee _ Texas _ Virginia _ West Virginia.. District of Columbia. West _ Arizona . Colorado _ Montana _ New Mexico. Oregon . . Washington.. $701, 072 701,072 $14, 272 14, 272 $12,448 12,448 $1, 731 1, 731 $94 94 $086, 800 636,800 $862,826 662,826 136, 184 2,549 2, 174 358 133, 635 125,959 10, 411 3, 666 14, 855 4, 740 18, 259 34, 603 43. 676 4,231 1,742 14 35 249 4 74 1,811 353 8 1 23 208 194 14 12 24 4 6 130 160 8 1 10, 397 3, 632 14, 606 4,736 18, 185 32. 792 43, 323 4, 222 1,741 10, 362 3, 021 14, 467 4, 305 18, 085 26, 431 43, 323 4, 222 1,741 275, 646 3, 136 2, 754 381 272, 510 266, 183 40. 910 24, 962 10, 073 13, 492 62, 660 18,634 28, 403 9,785 10, 398 1,388 5, 969 48, 972 351 58 78 268 199 161 20 9 1,320 300 10 47 250 76 129 1,290 51 47 31 18 123 32 20 9 30 640 33 632 20 40, 559 24, 904 9,994 13, 224 62, 460 18, 474 28,383 9, 777 9, 078 1,388 5, 329 48, 939 39, 231 23, 622 9, 453 13, 224 61, 223 17, 974 28, 043 9,403 9, 071 1,388 5,219 225, 754 7, 736 6, 850 810 76 218, 018 209, 972 18, 997 5. 982 2, 738 25, 962 8, 954 11,614 10. 388 28.082 12, 765 12 2 219 20 180 18,940 5, 982 2, 727 25, 938 8. 954 11,602 10, 386 27, 863 12, 745 17,976 5, 841 2,703 25, 774 8,954 11,602 10, 376 24,544 12, 355 28, 738 43, 702 8, 610 17, 289 1,935 SS2 375 117 18 ,661 8 ..... 145 368 117 17 76 21, 856 43, 327 8, 493 17, 271 1,935 21, 415 40, 823 8, 403 17, 271 1,935 63, 489 851 670 181 62. 638 60, 712 14, 113 10, 424 3, 250 7,738 6. 381 21, 583 494 59 1 197 478 192 $23,974 23,974 7, 676 35 611 139 430 100 ,361 6, 327 1,328 1,383 542 1,238 500 340 374 110 505 8,046 965 140 25 163 10 3, 318 441 2,504 13, 620 13, 349 270 10, 365 9,522 843 3,249 2, 927 322 7,541 7,280 261 6, 351 6,121 230 21. 513 21, 513 1 Includes funds functioning as endowment. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 129 Table 8. — Property , institutions of higher education, by type of asset, region , and State: 1954 — Continued G. JUNIOR COLLEGES > [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total because of rounding] Region and State Total, all assets (columns 3 and 7) Nonexpendable funds Plant assets Total funds Endow¬ ment funds 2 Stu¬ dent loan funds Annu¬ ity funds Total plant assets Value of physical plant Liquid assets of plant fund • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aggregate United'States. $510, 564 $55, 381 $49, 443 $1,503 $4,435 $455, 183 $424, 120 $31, 063 Continental United States _ _ _ 503, 743 55, 375 49,437 1, 503 4,435 453,369 422, 341 31, 028 Northeast . ._ 84,073 16, 382 15, 967 164 251 67, 691 61,053 6,638 Connecticut- .. . . 1, 414 57 55 1 1, 358 1, 344 14 Maine _ _ _ . 2,226 110 108 2 2 115 lj 897 218 Massachusetts. . . . 1< 159 3,701 3,683 18 (3) 10; 458 8] 955 1, 503 New Hampshire _ _ 1, 874 649 579 18 53 1, 225 1, 225 New Jersey . . . 8', 006 299 289 10 7, 707 7, 479 228 New York.... . . . 44, 950 10, 105 9,880 90 136 34, 845 30, 777 4,068 Pennsylvania _ 9, 219 1,200 1, 137 13 50 8,019 7,412 607 93 8 8 85 85 Vermont _ _ _ 2,132 252 235 5 12 1, 879 1, 879 North Central _ 96, 404 7,969 7,329 343 296 88, 435 82, 110 6,325 Dlinois _ _ _ _ 23, 501 1,770 1, 616 69 86 21, 730 20, 653 1, 078 3, 430 383 382 1 3, 047 2 989 58 Iowa . . . 9,885 1,825 1,599 146 81 8,060 7, 934 126 Kansas _ _ _ _ 10, 387 61 57 4 10, 326 10, 244 82 13; 758 469 469 1 13,289 11, 245 2,044 Minnesota 3; 030 596 596 2, 434 2, 434 Missouri . . . . . . 17, 159 1, 463 1, 281 57 124 14, 676 1,020 Nebraska _ . . .... 1,289 130 79 51 i; 158 1, 158 North Dakota . 3, 754 22 10 12 3, 731 2, 931 800 Ohio _ 5,950 1,207 1,206 (3) 4, 744 3, 866 878 South Dakota _ 332 33 26 2 5 299 300 -1 Wisconsin _ _ 3,929 8 7 1 3, 921 3,681 240 South . . 169, 663 25, 943 21, 178 891 3,875 143, 719 138, 191 5,528 Alabama.. .. 3, 580 261 260 (3) 3, 320 3,293 27 Arkansas 5,329 2, 504 2, 500 4 2,825 2,782 43 Delaware... _ _ 516 124 121 3 392 392 Florida . . 5,691 968 961 7 4,723 4,640 83 Georgia . . . 12, 371 1, 458 1, 322 136 10, 913 10, 768 145 Kentucky _ _ 19, 295 11, 053 7,126 82 3,845 8,242 7, 817 425 Maryland 3,734 24 24 3, 711 3, 216 495 Mississippi _ _ 18, 168 693 531 162 (3) 17, 475 16, 384 1, 091 North Carolina _ 20, 074 3,837 3,600 218 19 16, 237 15, 429 809 Oklahoma 14, 270 859 857 1 13, 411 13, 081 330 South Carolina 2, 592 174 174 1 2, 418 2, 256 162 Tennessee . . . 10, 781 1,245 1,176 58 11 9,536 9, 386 150 Texas _ _ .. 35, 983 1, 027 894 134 34, 956 33, 651 1, 305 Virginia _ _ _ 9,458 1, 292 1, 219 72 8,166 7, 834 332 West Virginia 4, 123 138 126 12 3, 984 3, 984 District of Columbia _ 3,698 288 288 1 3, 410 3,276 133 West . . 158, 605 5,081 4,983 105 13 153, 524 140, 987 12, 537 Airzona 2, 768 2, 768 2, 756 12 California 129, 658 4, 799 4,726 73 124, 859 113, 628 11, 230 Colorado _ _ 8,090 184 162 12 10 7. 906 6,903 1, 003 Idaho 2, 306 8 8 2, 297 2,255 42 Montana 2,625 2,625 2,610 16 Oregon 1, 916 9 2 8 1,907 1, 699 207 Utah _ 4,324 7 5 2 4,317 4,313 3 Washington 6,089 69 68 1 6,020 5,997 23 Wyoming _ 829 4 1 3 825 825 Outlying parts of the U. S _ 1,821 6 6 1,815 1,779 36 Canal 7.n no 317 317 317 Guam 223 223 223 Puerto Rico 1,280 6 6 1, 274 1, 239 36 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting institu¬ tions operating on the undergraduate or adult-education level. 2 Including funds functioning as endowment. 2 Less than $500; does not round to 1 thousand. Appendix Table A. — Endowment earnings, institutions of higher education, continental United States, by control: 1930-54 Year ended June 30— Con¬ sumer price index 1 Endowment earnings Actual amounts In adjusted dollars All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled- institu- tions • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1930 _ 73.2 $68, 604, 947 $6, 357, 740 $62, 247, 207 $93, 722, 605 $8, 685, 437 $85, 037, 168 1932 _ 61.6 60, 902, 567 2, 368, 548 58, 534, 019 98, 867, 804 3, 845, 046 95, 022, 758 1934 _ 56.6 55, 533, 447 4, 896, 564 50, 636, 883 98, 115, 631 8, 651, 173 89, 464, 458 1936 _ 58.7 60, 090, 075 6, 188, 439 53, 901, 636 102, 368, 101 10, 542, 486 91, 825, 615 1938 _ 61.2 70, 654, 211 5, 931, 479 64, 722, 732 115, 448, 057 9, 691, 959 105, 756, 098 1940 . . - 59.7 71, 304, 241 6, 689, 395 64, 614, 846 119, 437, 590 11, 205,017 108, 232, 573 1942 _ 66.6 74, 074, 813 7, 007, 102 67,067, 711 111,223, 443 10, 521, 174 100, 702, 269 1944 . . . . 74.4 75, 195, 922 8, 676, 791 66, 519, 131 101, 069, 788 11, 662, 354 89, 407, 434 1946 _ 77.9 89, 762, 843 8, 838, 242 80, 924, 601 115, 228, 296 11, 345, 625 103, 882, 671 1948 _ 99. 65 86, 679, 165 7, 918, 088 78, 761, 077 86, 983, 608 7, 945,899 79, 037, 709 1950 _ _ _ 101.2 96, 341, 021 8, 846, 086 87, 494, 935 95, 198, 637 8, 741, 191 86, 457, 446 1952 _ 112.4 112, 859, 084 12, 088, 561 100, 770, 523 100, 408, 438 10, 754, 948 89, 653, 490 1954 _ _ 115.0 127, 475, 368 14, 667, 826 112, 807, 542 110, 848, 146 12, 754, 631 98, 093, 515- 1 Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Monthly Labor Review: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index, 1947-1949=100. Table B. — Endowment earnings per resident college-grade student, institu¬ tions of higher education, continental United States, by control: 1930-54 Resident college-grade enroll¬ ment regular session (Sep- tember-June) Endowment earnings per student Actual amounts In adjusted dollars 1 Year ended June 30— All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately controlled institu¬ tions All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled institu¬ tions Privately" controlled institu¬ tions i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1930. . 1, 100, 737 537, 006 563, 731 $62. 33 $11.84 $110. 42 $85. 15 $16. 17 $150. 85 1932- . . 1, 154, 117 582, 168 571, 949 52. 77 4. 07 102. 34 85. 67 6.60 166. 14 1934 _ 1, 055, 360 529, 931 525, 429 52. 62 9. 24 96. 37 92. 97 16.33 170. 27 1936 _ 1, 208, 227 614, 131 594,096 49. 73 10. 08 90.73 84.73 17. 17 154. 56- 1938 _ _ _ 1, 350, 905 689, 483 661, 422 52.30 8.60 97.85 85.46 14. 06 159.89 1940 _ 1, 494, 203 796, 531 697, 672 47. 72 8.40 92. 61 79.93 14. 07 155. 13 1942 _ 1, 403, 990 732, 111 671, 879 52. 76 9. 57 99. 82 79. 22 14. 37 149. 88 1944 _ 1, 155, 272 571, 406 583, 866 65. 09 15. 18 113. 93 87.49 20.41 153. 13 1946 . 1, 676, 851 833, 803 843, 048 53. 53 10.60 95.99 68. 72 13. 61 123. 22 1948 _ 2, 616, 262 1, 326, 147 1, 290, 115 33. 13 5. 97 61.05 33. 25 5.99 61. 26 1950 . . 2, 659, 021 1, 354, 902 1, 304, 119 36. 23 6.53 67. 09 35.80 6. 45 66. 30 1952 _ 2, 301, 884 1, 155, 557 1, 146, 327 49. 03 10. 46 87.91 43. 62 9. 31 78. 21 1954 _ 2, 514, 712 1, 356, 481 1, 158, 231 50. 69 10. 81 97.40 44. 08 9.40 84.69 1 See table A for adjusting factor. Consumer Price Index. 130 Table C. — Research expenditures in relation to other educational and general expenditures , institutions of higher education , continental United States , by control: 1930-54 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 131 Sills sills gg| /3 SslIS sllll sis 1 ts^ 0 SlSSl 1'illtf IIS d o^d §1 « ll’i'l’s Illl'i 111 *d d c3 s d ^ 8 SSSil I'llll I'll ^ Hh‘ 03 a o SSslI gSsll ass o3 d w d d 0 00 sms mm 211 w d d <+* sills sll'l'i 111 ^ d HHN s ® — ' ta £ >-13 NNNCOM W M oi W* N £ O d bo g 03 §1 Ph8 2 m SSSggSS g°2Jg o ® ■*5 to 03 QJ old id 0 d£ CO Nodoori s§ d ±3 3 C d3§ CO sl .JL CO StOwSo tOCOt^OOOJ eSSoco 9 *3 0 x 8® d uiuj^toirf tdoa'dd «2S d 1 (2 1 ssiil llsil §sl 03 s «8 £ - i's'sl'S 2'H'S'l' SEl a> « ||K d sisis iisil 111 d o a do ri e* sms MMi 111 w * 8 S33SS SSSSS S‘ff d M SSils llsll IS! d § ssiil 1’1'Sal Sis <** ga's'ss's a'ss's'f §33 Ih SPm e3 .a © • l l I l I I i 1 I III 1 I I i 1 i I I 1 I III l 1 l l l l i l i I III 1 1 1 1 1 l l l l I III 1 1 1 l 1 1 l l I 1 III l 1 1 l 1 l 1 l I l III ^§1 iiiii 11211 Mi 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 Form RS9-041 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE , OFFICE OF EDUCATION! WASHINGTON 23, D. C. Budget Bureau No. 51-R288, Approval expire* 18-81-85. FINANCIAL STATISTICS OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION Report for Fiscal Year Ended . (Month) (Tear) Where fiscal year closes later than October 1, figures for previous fiscal year should be reported, rather than delay the return. This report includes DO NOT WRITE branches located at: IN THIS SPACE - - S: _ — — . . N: . _ _ R: . . . . - . . C: . . T: . A: . Information supplied by . . . . . . (Name) (Title) (Date) GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1. BASIC REFERENCE. The definitions and content of the present report-form are in general accord with the ac¬ counting and reporting practices recommended in College and University Business Administration, Volume I. This volume is published by the American Council on Education, 1785 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 6, D. C. The volume was prepared under the auspices of a National Committee, operating through an Executive Committee (A. W. Peterson, Chairman) and a Subcommittee (George E. Van Dyke, Chairman; Harvey Sherer, Research Associate; and T. E. Blackwell, Editor). If you have any questions about the present report-form, please write to Chief, Research and Statistical Standards Section, U. S. Office of Education, or consult College and University Business Administration, Volume I. 2. FORM OF DATA. Make report in terms of dollars only; please omit cents. 3. ENTRY ON EACH LINE, (o) Where the college ac¬ counting system combines into a single total two or more of the items called for on the blank, ESTIMATES should be made for the separate items, in order that a national total for EACH ITEM may be computed. (6) In order to avoid acci¬ dental omissions, please put a ZERO or a DASH in blanks where there are no amounts to report. 4. BRANCHES. An institution which maintains one or more branches at separate post offices from the parent insti¬ tution should show clearly whether this report INCLUDES or EXCLUDES the branch schools. 5. OPERATIONS UNDER SEPARATE CORPORATIONS. An institution maintaining separate corporations for the management of auxiliary or service enterprises (bookstore, dormitories, intercollegiate athletics, laundry, powerplant, etc.) or for other purposes should INCLUDE the properties and operations of these corporations in the several schedules of this report. 6. EXCLUDE AGENCY FUNDS, i. e„ funds handled by the institution in a custodial capacity only (e. g., funds for student organizations). 7. PLEASE EXPLAIN ANY WIDE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN— а. This report and the last previous report. б. The grand total for current fund income and the j^rand total for current fund expenditures. 8. PLEASE EXPLAIN ALSO— a. If endowment income is out of proportion to the amount of endowment funds reported. b. If nonsalaried service is included as a receipt, but not accounted for in the appropriate expenditure items. c. Any large amounts reported in residual or miscella¬ neous items (namely, items 12, 37c, and 48d). 9. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION AND GENERAL EXPENSE. Because space is lacking on page 4, the definition of “General Administration and General Expense” (item 23 on page 4) is given here: >!"■ a. General Administration includes all expenditures of the general executive and administrative offices serving the institution as a whole — not including, however, the expendi¬ tures for libraries, for operation and maintenance of the physical plant, or for auxiliary services. b. General Expense includes — i. General institutional expenses: catalogs, liability insurance, interest on funds borrowed for current educational and general purposes, alumni office, etc. if. Services to students: the deans of students and their staffs, the guidance and counseling program, the student employment office, the placement bureau, the health service (where not an auxiliary enterprise, intended to be self- supporting) , student activities financed from institutional funds, the registrar’s office (if regarded primarily as a service to students), etc. (Do not include expenditures for auxiliary enterprises; report these in items 31-32.) *■ tit. Staff benefits: group insurance, contributions to pensions or retiring allowances, employer’s social security taxes, direct pension payments, etc. [If it is your practice to charge staff benefits to the separate departments or functions (such as Instruction, Operation and Maintenance of the Physi¬ cal Plant, Auxiliary Enterprises, etc.), instead of to General Expense, check here □ and report accordingly in Schedule II. If you include Staff Benefits in General Expense, check here □.] 10. SHARED FACILITIES. Colleges which share facili¬ ties with other groups (e. g., a junior college sharing facilities with a high school) should note the special directions on a separate sneet. HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 133 PAGE 2 PAGE 2 SCHEDULE (.—CURRENT FUND INCOME Include ONLY current fund income; exclude the income of other fund groups (Schedules III and IV). In order to avoid accidental omissions, please put a ZERO or DASH in blanks where there is no income to report. A. INCOME FOR EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL PURPOSES: (Omit cents) I. Taltlou and fees. [Include tuition and fees received from, students and governmental sources — net of refunds, if feasible. Include regular session, summer session, extension (except instruction abroad), correspondence, and adult education. Credit tuition and fees from nursery school, laboratory or dem¬ onstration school, etc., in item 11c, not here. Do not include fees for room and board (item 14) or for other auxiliary services (item 15). Divide flat-rate charges (such as a single total charge for tuition, room, board, etc.) among items 1, 14, 15, or other appropriate items, making ESTIMATES if and as needed. Exclude deposits. See also NOTE under item 7 below.] . $ . . . 2. Deduction of tuition and fees received directly from governmental sources (see items 6-8) : o. Receipts from Veterans’ Administration, for veterans under Public Laws 16, 346, and 894. [Do not include veterans under P. L. 550 ("Korean veterans”)] . ? . b. Tuition and fees from other governmental sources [e. g., school district, county, city, Army, Air Force, regional (inter-State) compact, etc.] . $ . . 3. Deduction of fees restricted to use for plant expansion, debt retirement, etc., not already excluded in item 1 above. (Part of item 37e) . $ . . 4. Total deductions (sum of items 2a, 25, and 3) . $ . . . J. TOTAL TUITION AND FEES from STUDENTS for INSTRUCTION (item 1 minus item 4) . ? . 4. From Federal government (sum of a-d below) . $ . . . а. Receipts from Veterans’ Administration for tuition and fees (same as item 2a) . . $ . . . б. Regular appropriations to land-grant institutions for instruction, facilities, re¬ search (experiment stations), and cooperative extension . . . . : . $ . e. Federal grants or Federal contractual amounts for research, other than under b . . $ . frgE •• d. All other grants or payments. [Include Federal payments for maintenance of rec¬ ords on students under Public Law 550; and tuition and other costs paid by the Federal Government for training programs for students under the Army, Navy, etc. Exclude any Federal aid received through State channels (report under item 7). Exclude income from Federal land grants (report under item 9). Exclude value of war surplus materials (this is not current fund income).] .... 8 . 7. From State government. Include State appropriations, and also (a) all Federal aid received through State channels, and (6) receipts under a regional (inter-State) compact. Institutions receiving a biennial appropriation from the State should include only that portion of the appropriation applicable to the fiscal year being reported . $ . NOTE. — Where receipts from tuition and fees are sent to the State and returned to the institution as part of the State appropriation, the amount so returned should not be entered as a receipt from the State government, but should be treated the same as other income for tuition and fees, being distributed in the same fashion as, and according to the directions for, receipts in items 1-3 above. 8. From local government — county, city, and school district . $ . - 9. Endowment earnings applicable to expenditures listed in items 23-29 (current educational and general). Include general or unrestricted endowment earnings. Include also earnings from restricted endowment funds expendable for items 23-29, indicating by a check mark whether such earnings are here included (a) in full □, or (6) only to the extent expended during the fiscal year □. Include earnings from endowment funds held in trust outside the institution (by the State or by a private agency). Include earnings from Federal and State land-grant funds. Treat transfers from a reserve for stabilization of endowment income as endowment earnings. Exclude earnings added to the principal of funds in Schedule IV . $- 10. Prlvote gifts and grants expendable for current educational and general purposes (items 23-29). Indi¬ cate by a check mark whether restricted gifts and grants are here included (a) in full □, or (5) only to the extent expended during the fiscal year □. Do not include additions to endowment funds, loan funds, plant funds, etc. Sum of a-d below . . . a. Alumni (through alumni association, alumni groups, or alumni office) . 5- . 5. Churches (denominations, congregations, orders, etc.) . $ - - - c. Estimated monetary value of nonsalaried or contributed services . $ . d. Others, including individuals, corporations, foundations, etc . . . . . . $ - - ?- Go e« to PAGE 3 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 PAGE S PAGE 3 e. Of the total private gifts and grants in item 10, ■what amount was unrestricted as to use? . $ _ 11. From organised activities related ta educational departments. (Please report GROSS income.) Sum of cr-c below . $ . a. Agricultural (include receipts from creamery, farms, orchards, etc.) . 3 . b. Medical-school hospitals (include receipts from medical-school hospitals, dental and medical clinics, etc.) . $ _ c. All other (e. g., receipts from tuition in laboratory school; fees charged to outside concerns for testing of materials by engineering school, where this service is on a systematic, organized basis; etc.) . . 3 _ _ 12. From ether sources, [Include interest on investment of current funds ; library fines; incidental income of educational departments (e. g., from sale of publications) ; rent, het of direct costs, for use of insti¬ tutional buildings; etc.] . 3 . Do not include rental for housing operated as Auxiliary Enterprises (dormitories, faculty housing, etc.) : report such income in items 14-15 below. Do not include rent from property held as investment of endowment (report in item 9 above, or, if income is added directly to endowment principal, in item 48c). Do not include nonrevenue receipts, such as receipts from interfund transfers or loans, or from bond issues or other external loans — since such receipts represent merely the exchange, transfer, or loan of assets, rather than a true increase of assets, or true income. _ 13. TOTAL CURRENT INCOME FOR EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL PURPOSES (items 5-12) . . $ 0. GROSS INCOME OF AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES. (Include amounts even if funds are not handled by college finance officer.) 14. Student dormitories and dining halls or cafeterias . 3 . 15. Other auxiliary enterprises [college bookstore, student union, student hospital, faculty housing, intercollegiate athletics, concerts, industrial plants operated on a student self- help basis (not part of endowment), university press (not part of endowment), etc.] . 3 . . 16. TOTAL GROSS INCOME OF AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES (items 14-16) . $ C INCOME FOR SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES. ( Exclude funds for "teaching fellowships" and "service scholarships,” since these represent, primarily, compensation for services.) 1 7. From retfriefed endowment funds designated for scholarships, fellowships, and prizes . 3 . 18. Private gifts and grants (do not include transfers from income already reported in items 9 or 10; see item 20) . 3 . 19. From public sources (do not include transfers from income already reported in items 6, 7, or 8; see item 20) . . . $ . 20. Transfers from other Income-accounts or funds (e. g., from educational and general in¬ come, from annuity funds, etc.). Include remission of fees . 3 . 21. TOTAL RECEIPTS FOR SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES (items 17-20) . 3 _ 22. TOTAL, EXCLUDING TRANSFERS AND REMISSIONS (items 17, 18, and 19 only) . 3 D. TOTAL CURRENT INCOME (sum of items 13, 16, and 22) . 3 SCHEDULE II. — CURRENT FUND EXPENDITURES NOTE 1. — It is desirable to prorate salaries of persons employed in more than one category. NOTE 2. — Include and distribute (among accounts for Instruction, General Administration and General Expense, Library, etc.) the value of nonsalaried or contributed services reported in item 10c of Schedule I. NOTE 3. — Report only expenditures made directly from current funds [as distinguished from plant funds (Schedule III) and other funds (Schedule IV)]. Include any outlay from current funds for furniture and equipment Include also expenditures for plant expansion and improvements, if made directly from current funds. EXCLUDE interfund transfers. EXCLUDE repayments, from current funds, of principal of loans made tor current expenditures (such transactions are beyond the scope of the present survey). EXCLUDE all purchases made as investment of endowment loan, annuity, or plant funds (these are not purchases from current funds). jp ^ q0 ob *0 page 4 HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 135 PAGE 4 SCHEDULE II— CURRENT FUND EXPENDITURES (Continued) PAGE 4 (Please read carefully the NOTES at bottom of preceding page) E. EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL EXPENDITURES: 23. General administration and general expense. (For definition, see page 1, “General Instructions, para¬ graph 9). If feasible, please deduct here, and include in items 29 and 31-32 below, the direct and pro¬ rated costs of “general administration and general expense” that are chargeable to Auxiliary Enter¬ prises (items 31-32) and to Organized Activities Related to Educational Departments (item 29) .... $ _ _ а. Of the total amount in item 23, how much was for Services to Students (as defined on page 1, paragraph 9, 6, U) ? . § _ б. Does the total amount in item 23 include payment of interest on funds borrowed for current educational and general purposes? Yes _ , No _ _ If “Yes,” how much? . . 24. lastniction and departmental research . 5 . Report “all current expenditures of the instructional departments, colleges, and schools of the institution,” including “expenditures for research not separately budgeted or financed.” Include office expenses and equipment, laboratory expenses and equipment, and salaries of department heads, pro¬ fessors and other instructional staff (including student assistants), technicians, secretaries, clerks, etc. If feasible include here — rather than in item 25 below — expenditures for degree-credit courses given in extension (an ESTIMATE is ACCEPTABLE) . (If such extension expenditures are included in item 24, check here □; if included in item 25 below, check here □. If no extension division, or if no college- credit courses given in extension, check here □.) 25. Extension and public services . . . $ _ _ Include expenditures for correspondence courses, radio courses, adult-study courses, non-degree- credit courses, institutes, public lectures, cooperative extension (in land-grant institutions), radio ar.d television stations, etc. If feasible, include in item 24, rather than here, expenditures for college-credit courses (i. e., those creditable toward a degree) even when such courses are offered under an extension department. 26. Librariei (include total expenditures for books, binding, salaries, wages, and other operating expenses for all libraries) . . $ _ 27. Operation and maintenance of the physical plant. If feasible, please deduct here, and include in items 29 and 31-32 below, the direct and prorated costs of “operation and maintenance of the physical plant” that are chargeable to Auxiliary Enterprises (items 31-32) and to Organized Activities Related to Educational Departments (item 29) . $ _ _ _ 28. Organized research, separately budgeted or accounted far . $ _ 29. Organised activities related to educational departments (3ame activities as in item 11). (Include, if feasible, the direct and prorated charges of items 23 and 27.) Sum of a-c below . ? . . . . а. Agricultural . $ - - б. Medical-school hospitals . $ _ c. All other (same as in item 11c) . $ _ 30. TOTAL EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL EXPENDITURES (items 23-29) . S F. AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES (report GROSS expenditures, including, if feasible, the direct end proraied charges mentioned in items 23 and 27): 31. Cafeterias, dining halls, and student residence halls . $ _ 32. Other auxiliary enterprises (same as in item 15) . $ - 33. TOTAL CURRENT EXPENDITURES FOR AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES (items 31-32) . S 34. Does total in item 33 include any payment of interest? Yes No — If “Yes,” how much? . $ _ G. SCHOLARSHIPS. FELLOWSHIPS. AND PRIZES . S Include all payments for scholarships, fellowships, and prizes, whether income was from unrestricted or from specifically designated (L e., “restricted”.) funds. Include remission of fees. Payments to students rendering required services (e. g., library assistants, teaching fellows, etc.) should be reported under spe¬ cific items 23-32, and not here in G. H. TOTAL CURRENT EXPENDITURES (items 30, 33, and G) . S 35a. Total expenditure from current funds (included in item H above) for “furniture and equipment” (L e., library books, furniture and furnishings, laboratory and office equipment and machinery, trucks, farm implements, nonlaboratory livestock, etc.) . % - 356. Book value of furniture and equipment replaced, sold, or otherwise disposed of (an estimate is acceptable) . 3 - 35c. Net expenditure from current funds for furniture and equipment. (Item 35a minus 356) . $ . . 36. Total expenditure from current funds (included in item H above) for plant expansion and improvements (exclusive of furniture and equipment). If exact figure is not available, please give reasonable estimate . $ - S0 > T«m to PAG j 5 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-1954 SCHEDULE III. — PLANT FUNDS TABLE A.— RECEIPTS, REDUCTION OF INDEBTEDNESS. AND SPECIAL DEDUCTIONS 37. ADDITIONS TO PLANT FUNDS during the fiscal year: a. From Federal government . b. From State government . e. From local (district, county, city) government . . d. Private gifts and grants. Sum of (1)— (3) below . . $ . . . . ?- . . (1) From churches (denominations, congregations, orders, etc.) . . $ . . (2) From- foundations and corporations . . $ _ _ (3) From individuals, including alumni groups . $ _ e. From other sources, except transfers and loans - Include: student fees restricted to use for plant expansion or debt retirement; net earnings on plant-fund investments; net realized gains from sale of plant-fund assets; etc . $. /. TOTAL ADDITIONS to plant funds during the fiscal year . 38. LOANS to plant funds during the fiscal year, from — o. Bond issues, mortgages, Federal Housing and Home Finance Agency, notes, bank loans, 6. Institutional funds (endowment funds, funds functioning as endowment, current funds, 39. TRANSFERS (NOT LOANS) FROM CURRENT FUNDS to funds of item 43 below . etc. eic.) . . . . . . f.. 40. REDUCTION OF CAPITAL INDEBTEDNESS during the fiscal year. Include repayment or reduction of the principal of bank loans, notes, mortgages, bond issues, etc. Do not include repayment of interfund loans, such as loans from endowment funds or funds functioning as endowment . 41. SPECIAL DEDUCTIONS during the fiscal year. Include (o) losses from fire, theft, etc. (to extent not com¬ pensated by receipts from insurance) ; (6) depreciation of propertyused for auxiliary enterprises, and also, preferably, of service property; (e) net realized loss from sale or other disposal of plant-fund assets; etc. DO NOT INCLUDE purchases or expenditures listed in table B, below . TABLE B.— ADDITIONS TO PHYSICAL PLANT ASSETS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR; AND VALUE OF THE PHYSICAL PLANT AND OF PLANT FUNDS Additions to plant assets during the fiscal 7ear 1 Total value of asaeU at close of fiscal year • 42. PHYSICAL PLANT ASSETS: a. Land . b. Buildings (including fixed equipment), and improvements other than build¬ ings (utility lines, landscaping, etc.) . . i . e. Furniture and equipment (not reported in b above). Include library books, furniture, furnishings, laboratory and office equipment and machinery, trucks, farm implements, nonlaboratory livestock, etc . d. Unfinished construction, and construction inventories ' . e. TOTAL (items a~d) . 43. LIQUID ASSETS OF PLANT FUNDS: unexpended plant funds, including cash and investments; all funds for retirement of indebtedness; funded reserve for depreciation and all other funded reserves; etc.4 . . 44. TOTAL FLANT ASSETS (items 42e and 43) . . . . . •* The figure desired is the net addition, i. e., the cost of assets acquired, less the book value of offsetting assets replaced, sold, or otherwise disposed of. (The "net" is most likely to differ from the "gross" in the case of item 42c, "Furniture and equipment.") Include assets acquired by expendi¬ tures from current funds, as well as from plant funds. In connection with the former, refer to item 35 c (furniture and equipment) and item i& (physical plant assets other than furniture and equipment). . .. -'V • =£■’" ■* • 1 Include value (at cost) of unfinished construction, and also of building materials, lumber, hardware, etc', purchased for use in construction and owned by the institution but not yet put in place. ' ’ Report value of physical plant assets preferably at cost (or appraised value at time of acquisition, if a gift) — except that library books may be valued "at cost or at one dollar per volume or other reduced arbitrary value.” In the case of property used for auxiliary enterprises, and preferably also in the case of service property, the valuation should reflect a suitable allowance for depreciation from original value. PLEASE INDICATE BY A CHECK MARK whether the figures for plant assets represent (wholly or mainly) (I) cost . (2) insurance value . , (3) replacement value . or (4) other fair value . 4 For present purposes unfinished construction and construction inventories' should be reported in item 42 d, rather than as part of "unexpended plant funds." — - - Torn to PAGE & HIGHER EDUCATION — RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 137 PAGE 6 PAGE 6 TABLE C— OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES OF PLANT FUNDS AT CLOSE OF FISCAL YEAR; AND INTEREST 45. OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES OF PLANT FUNDS at close of fiscal year: a. Accounts payable, notes payable, bank loans, bank overdrafts, bonds outstanding, mortgage principal outstanding, accrued interest, etc. . . . | _ _ _ b. Loans repayable to other institutional funds (endowment funds, funds functioning as endowment, cur¬ rent funds, etc.) . | . . 44. Do the entries in the first column of Table B (on preceding page) include interest payments? Yes _ , No _ _ If "Yes,” how much? . $ . 47. Interest payments made from plant funds, not included in entries of Table B . $ _ _ SCHEDULE IV— ENDOWMENT. STUDENT LOAN. AND ANNUITY FUNDS Item (1) Endowment and funds functioning as endowment (2) Student loan funds 1 (3) Annuity funds * (4) 45. Additions to PRINCIPAL during the fiscal year (exclude amounts re¬ ported as current-fund income (Schedule II) or as additions to plant funds (Schedule III) : a. Private gifts and grants, added to principal . 5 . $= $ 6. Net realized gains 4 on investments,* added to principal . c. Interest or net earnings on investments,4 if added to principal .... d. Other additions to principal, exclusive of interfund transfers ’ ....... e. TOTAL ADDITIONS TO PRINCIPAL during the fiscal year .... 49. Deductions from PRINCIPAL during the fiscal year. [Net realized loss on investments,4 or decrease in reserve for losses; depreciation of real property held as part of endowment fund, uncompensated by an increase in funded reserve for depreciation (Col. 2) ; notes charged off (CoL 3) ; payments to annuitants (CoL 4) ; etc. Do not include deductions arising from interfund transactions.’] . 50. Principal or balance at close of fiscal year . . 51 loan611* I Loans granted during fiscal year, $ . . . b. Loans repaid during fiscal year, f - funds l e. Total loans outstanding at end of year, $ - d. Unloaned funds at end of year, $ - 52. Interest paid on mortgages on real property held as part of endowment fund . $ - 1 All funds available for loan to students. Do not include loan funds exclusively for faculty or staff. ’ Not pension or retirement funds. ‘ Do not include loans repaid during the fiscal year; report these in item 51 b. 4 If a net loss, report in item 49. 'Including real property held as part of the endowment fund. Do net, however, include real property held in plant funds (Schedule Hi), even if such property represents a loan from endowment funds to plant funds. Earnings of plant funds and realized gains or losses on plant-fund assets should be recorded in Schedule III, Table A. 4 Include also interest collected on loans to students. ’interfund transfers (such as from annuity funds to endowment or loan funds, or from current funds to loan funds) should be reflected in the figures reported in item 50, "Principal or balance at dose of fiscal year." 4 Indude in endowment the book value of all assets of the endowment funds and of funds functioning as endowment. Include land, securities, and other assets of the endowment v,'h:ch are held in trust (bv the State or by a private agency) for the benefit of the institution. Include loans repayable to endowment funds from plant funds or other funds. Include funded reserves (or losses on endowment principal, for stnbi’ization of endowment income, and for amortization of bond premium; also funded reserves for depreciation and major repairs of reai property held as part of endowment fund. LAND-C-RANT INSTITUTIONS should include the existing principal of the Federal land grant(s). "Report loam outstanding less allowance for doubtful loans, plus scnloaned funds (both invested and uninvested). (If a funded reserve for loss on loans is maintained, do not make allowance for doubtful loans.) SCHEDULE V— MISCELLANEOUS 53. Total institutional payroll for tha fiscal year (gross salaries and wages of the total academic and non¬ academic staff, including student help, before deductions) . . . . . $ - - 54. Institution’^ contribution to retirement systems administered by the STATE (whether directly or by dele¬ gation), covering^y or all of' the institution's employees . . . . ? . . «. t. wsmrnr pmirttm smet i:355A-D rS-33-57 O ■ iennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1952-54 ■ ■ . ' ''■ vf . >v: MBS Chapter 5 C-xy'tA, ■£SMX Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children 1952-53 f U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1952-54 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1952-54: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty and Students, Autumn 1953. Section II. Students, Finances, and Property, 1953-54. Chapter 5. Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1952-54 Chapter 5 Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children 1952-53 Statistical analysis conducted under the direction of Mabel C. Rice, Supervisory Survey Statis¬ tician, Technical Services Unit, Research and Statistical Standards Text prepared by Arthur S. Hill, Chief, Excep¬ tional Children and Youth Section, Instruction, Organization, and Services Branch, Division of State and Local School Systems U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Oveta Culp Hobby, Secretary Office of Education • Samuel Miller Brownell, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1954 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 cents Foreword This chapter of the Biennial Survey of Education continues the series of periodic reports by the Office in the field of special educa¬ tion for exceptional children. The most recent report was for the school year 1947-48, and before that, for the year 1939-40. In the present report, recognition has been given to the fact that special-education programs, formerly restricted largely to city school systems, have in recent years been developing in rural areas through services by county -wide or multiple districts and by supervisory unions. The present study therefore undertook to include special-education programs in all areas, both urban and rural. This attempt at complete coverage was greatly assisted by the State departments of education, which provided the Office of Education with lists of rural districts maintaining special-educa¬ tion programs. In all, 4,994 questionnaires were mailed out — a number well above that in any previous survey. Returns were received from 4,966, or 99.44 percent of the number to whom requests were sent. This high response-rate is a great credit to the professional spirit of the educators who supplied the requested information. This report on special education, like its predecessor in the Bi¬ ennial Survey of Education for 1946-48, is limited to statistics on staff and students. The fields of administration and finance are not covered. Additional limitations of the present report are the exclusion of residential schools for exceptional children, the absence of data on home and hospital instruction, and the absence of infor¬ mation on the class of children designated as "truant, delinquent, or maladjusted." All data are restricted to public schools in continental United States. The number of places offering special-education services has increased from 1947-48 to 1952-53 at a rate much higher than for enrollments in special classes. In most fields, the rate of increase of special-class enrollments in secondary schools has far outdis¬ tanced that in the elementary schools. With the exception of enrollment in special classes for the speech-defective and the blind, increases in special-class enrollment at the elementary level have been at a rate below the increase in general elementary -school enrollment. The interpretation of these and other findings is dis- iii cussed in the body of the report. A major conclusion of the 1947- 48 report still stands: " there is no doubt * * * that many excep¬ tional children are still going without the special instruction they should have. Despite the growth that has taken place, special education needs to be developed much further before all who re¬ quire it will be served.” In the interest of economy, the internal organization of the basic tables in this report (tables 2-6) has been modified from that in the previous publication. This has been done at some sacrifice of reader-convenience, without, however, any sacrifice in complete¬ ness of the data presented. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief , Research and Statistical Standards. Ward Stewart, Assistant Commissioner for Program Development and Coordination. IV Contents Page Foreword . in Scope and Method of Study . 1 Meaning of special education . 1 Limitations of the present study . 3 Variations from previous study . 4 Coverage of the study . 4 Identification of exceptional children . 5 Differentiation between elementary and high school programs . 6 Analysis of Findings Extent of provisions for exceptional children . 6 Increases in enrollment . 8 Teachers and pupil -teacher ratios in special education .... 15 Districts providing special education services . 16 Summary . 17 Text Tables A. Enrollment in special schools and classes in public secondary day schools, by type of exceptional child: 1937-38, 1939-40, 1947-48, and 1952-53 . 13 B. Increase in enrollment in special schools and classes in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of exceptional child: 1947-48 to 1952-53 . 14 C. Percent of enrollment in special schools and classes in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of exceptional child: 1952-53 and 1947-48 . 15 Basic Tables 1. Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers, by type of exceptional child: 1952-53 and 1947-48 . 19 2. Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are educable mentally retarded, speech- defective, crippled, hard-of-hearing, or partially seeing, by State: 1952-53 . 20 3. Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are special health problems, severely mentally retarded, deaf, blind, or mentally gifted, by State: 1952-53 . 22 v VI CONTENTS Page 4. Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are educable mentally retarded, speech- defective, or crippled, by place: 1952-53 . 24 5. Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing, partially seeing, special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53 . 55 6. Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are deaf, blind, or mentally gifted, by place: 1952-53 . 72 Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53* Scope and Method of Study Meaning of Special Education One of the most vital and significant developments in American educa¬ tion is the extension of instructional services to exceptional children. The term, "exceptional children," is applied to those pupils who need special adjustive services because of their physical, intellectual, or personal-social differences from other children. Included in this broad category are the unusually bright or gifted children; the mentally retarded; the crippled (including the cerebral -palsied); those with special health problems, such as cardiac involvements, epilepsy, and other debilitating conditions; the blind and partially seeing; the deaf and the hard-of-hearing; those with speech defects; and the socially and emotionally maladjusted. The special adjustive school services for exceptional children are usually referred to as "special education." Special education includes several types of services, depending upon the needs of the children and the policies of the administrative staffs of the schools. In general, however, the most commonly found organizational patterns are as follows: 1. Special schools and classes for long-time placement. — This type of program is designed for the child whose differences represent a permanent disability or exceptionality and who needs an especially adapted curricu¬ lum. Ordinarily the child spends all, or most, of his time in the special class, although at the upper age levels many schools assign special class children to some experiences in the regular school program. These assign¬ ments are usually in areas of learning in which the exceptional pupil may benefit from such instruction and in which his differences will not cause him to be a misfit. The special-class approach for children in need of a long-time program has been employed to the greatest extent in providing for children with intellectual differences. The mentally retarded child’s differences become greater as he grows older, and it is usually considered necessary to plan *The following persons in the Research and Statistical Standards Section assisted in the editing and preparation of the data appearing in this publication: Neva A. Carlson, Doris Holladay, Leah Ramsey, and Rowland Price. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 an adjusted curriculum that will extend to or beyond the school-leaving age. However, some schools have also provided for intellectually gifted children, as well as for socially and emotionally maladjusted pupils, through part- or full-time special classes extending over a long period of years. For the child who is physically handicapped by severe crippling or debilitating conditions, long-time placement in special facilities may also be employed. This is ordinarily due to the ease of providing physical adjustment in a special school rather than because of the pupil’s intellec¬ tual disability. Many of the traditional facilities for crippled children — as well as for the deaf, the blind, and those handicapped by other severe physical disabilities — involve special elementary schools and, sometimes, special schools which include the high-school grades. Nevertheless, more recently established programs for many of these children involve short- time assignments to special classes, and eventual absorption of the handi¬ capped into regular elementary and secondary school classes. 2. Special classes for short-time placement. — It is probable that recent years have brought considerable emphasis to the provision of temporary adjustive facilities for many handicapped children whose intellectual differences are not a major consideration. If the educational services are provided at the nursery school and kindergarten levels, most severely crippled and otherwise physically disabled children may develop improved coordinations and better speech habits, and learn to live with their handi¬ caps to the extent that they may be absorbed in the regular schools and classes at a relatively early age. For the deaf or blind child the period of special class placement may need to be longer, since children who are deaf or blind must learn special techniques of communication. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that both normally intelligent deaf and blind children may achieve well in the regular school classes after they have mastered communicative skills, especially if they are provided periodic guidance and assistance by a specialist in their area of disability. 3. Special supplementary instructional services. — Many exceptional chil¬ dren make adequate adjustments to the program of the regular schools and classes if they are given supplementary assistance and instruction. These include children with speech defects, who are usually provided speech training at regular intervals by specialists in speech correction; hard-of-hearing pupils, who may profit from periodic lip-reading instruc¬ tion or assistance in the use of hearing aids; and the partially sighted, who may meet with a specialist for supplementary instruction or guidance. For partially sighted children considerable differences exist in the types of services provided by various schools. Some schools continue to pro¬ vide full- or part-time special classes; others provide supplementary assistance by a specialist who may work with children at intervals accord- SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 3 ing to their needs; and in other schools the specialist is considered pri¬ marily as a counselor to classroom teachers. 4. Home or hospital instruction. — A large number of schools have ex¬ tended their instructional programs beyond the confines of school build¬ ings and into the homes and hospitals where many severely disabled children are found. These programs may involve daily group instruction in hospitals and convalescent homes, itinerant bedside instruction, and the use of electronic devices in homes. The children served are those who are temporarily or permanently incapacitated to the extent that they cannot be served in regular schools or special classes, even when transportation is provided, or for whom no special adjustive services are available in nearby schools. 5. Residential school programs. — Many handicapped children can only be served by residential school programs. Because of the absence of local facilities, of individual problems of social adaptability, or of severity of handicaps, institutional and residential schools are maintained for thou¬ sands of mentally deficient, blind, deaf, and socially maladjusted children. While many of these institutions and schools come under the administra¬ tion of welfare and mental hygiene commissions rather than departments of education, they constitute an important field of special education. Their functions are primarily educational and rehabilitative. Limitations of the Present Study The data contained in this chapter pertain to certain types of special instructional programs maintained for exceptional children in public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools. Similar information has been col¬ lected at approximately 5-year intervals since 1900. Unfortunately, the data for 1952-53 do not cover all the various areas or types of special education. As the reports from the various school systems were tabu¬ lated, it became apparent that some confusion existed in the reporting of services to home -bound and hospitalized children. Likewise, it was evi¬ dent that information furnished on delinquent and socially maladjusted children represented both special class and visiting teacher (social work) services. These data have therefore been eliminated from the current study. This chapter has also restricted its reporting to public day school classes in continental United States. Institutional and residential programs are not included. In comparing current enrollments in special education programs with those reported in previous studies it has been necessary to use only com¬ parable data, eliminating from consideration previous enrollments in schools and classes that are not represented in the 1952-53 survey. It is important, of course, to recognize that the 497,216 children reported as members of special schools and classes for 1952-53 (table 1) do not repre- 287060°— 54 - 2 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 sent the total number of children served by special education during the 1952-53 school year. If the children in residential schools, and those being served by programs for the home-bound, hospitalized, and socially maladjusted were added, the total must be nearly 600,000, for the popu¬ lation of residential schools alone was over 60,000 in 1946-47. Variations From Previous Study In addition to the limitations noted above, two variations from the report of 1947-48 should be noted. First, in the reports by States and local communities (tables 2 through 6), mentally retarded children have been recorded under two classifications — educable and severely retarded. (In table 1, and elsewhere in comparisons with previous years, these two groups have been brought together under the single caption, "mentally retarded.’’) Since differentiated programs — for retarded children capable of academic achievement and for those who can benefit only from train¬ ing in social skills, habits, and speech improvement — have appeared in many States and local schools during the past 5 years, it was considered important to obtain information about this new development. It is probable that all of the programs for the severely retarded that existed 5 years ago were recorded under the general heading, "mentally deficient.’’ Second, the previous classifications of "epileptic’’ and "delicate’’ were dropped and replaced with a single classification of "special health prob¬ lems.’’ This term is in accordance with modern terminology, and in¬ cludes children handicapped by epileptic, cardiac, and other debilitating conditions. The number of children being served by classes for "special health problems’’ in 1952-53 has been compared with the total number in the two previously used categories. Coverage of the Study Since special education was largely restricted to city school systems previous statistical studies have encompassed only school districts in urban places with populations of 2,500 or more. During recent years, however, much emphasis has been placed upon services to children in rural areas and smaller school districts. In some States special education programs have been developed on a county -wide or multiple-district hasis in order to extend educational opportunities to children in rural and small-town areas of population. The present study, therefore, attempted to include all programs in all school districts. The usual procedure of sending questionnaires to cities with populations of 2,500 or more was extended to include certain selected smaller school districts or county units. These smaller districts were identified by State department of education personnel — usuallv a State director or coordinator of special SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 5 education. In all, 4,994 questionnaires * 1 were sent to school districts of all sizes.2 Returns were received from 4,966, or 99.44 percent of the total number to whom inquiries were sent. In the previous study (1947-48) replies were received from 3,203 school districts, or only 89 percent of the total number of districts with populations of 2,500 or more. The higher per¬ centage of returns in the current study was obtained by the intensive use of follow-up letters, which were but sparingly employed in 1948. The present report probably represents the most complete coverage of data on the areas of special education included in its scope that has been made. It represents, as nearly as possible, the complete picture of public day school special education in all areas except services to home- bound, hospitalized, and socially maladjusted children. The increased coverage of the present report results in some small degree of error in determining the actual increases in enrollment in special schools and classes. However, it is probable that the errors are extremely small. First, the number of special classes in school districts of less than 2,500 population in 1947-48 was very limited. It is doubtful if the limi¬ tation of previous studies to urban areas affected to any significant degree either the total enrollment figures or those for specific types of programs, with the possible exception of services to home-bound children. Second, since services to home-bound children do not appear in the current report, much of the margin of error has been eliminated in the comparative data. Nevertheless, it is necessary to recognize that enrollment increases re¬ ported in the present study may7 be slightly influenced by a better cover¬ age in securing data. Identification of Exceptional Children There was no attempt, in collecting the data, to define the various types of exceptional children beyTond the use of general terminology. To have done so would have been unrealistic and unwise. Various local districts and States set their own standards for acceptance of children in the several areas of special education. These are rarely stated in totally objective terms. Many factors enter into the determination of blindness, deafness, and mental retardation. For example, the difference between a deaf and hard-of-hearing child must depend upon an individual evaluation. In general, it was con¬ sidered that the classifications made by the local school must be accepted. Only in differentiating between educable and severely retarded children was any attempt made to point up possible differences. It was suggested that classes for educable children would be those serving children whose 1 See copy of questionnaire at end of this report. 1 Not included in the attempted coverage are Federal schools (on Indian or military reservations) and teacher-training schools attached to institutions of higher education. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 I. Q.’s would probably be in the 50 to 75 range, while those for severely retarded children would generally enroll those whose I. Q.’s are below 50. The children included in the various classifications, therefore, represent the judgments of local administrators and their diagnostic staffs. The validity of the data is only as good as the ability of the various schools to provide and be guided by adequate diagnostic services. Differentiation Between Elementary and High-School Programs The extension of special education into the junior and senior high schools has received much attention during the past several years. Mar¬ tens 3 referred to the increasing importance of special education in the secondary schools in the report for 1947-48. It seemed important to continue the breakdown in the data for the 1952-53 school year. School systems were therefore requested to report special classes as ’’elementary” or ’’secondary.” Children enrolled in special schools were to be reported according to their level of instruction. It was assumed that children in graded classes — such as those for the deaf, blind, or crippled — would be recorded according to their grade classifications. The data are probably fairly accurate insofar as they represent the status of special education in elementary and secondary schools. It is likely that the majority of the secondary school children reported in this study are in junior rather than senior high schools. Analysis of Findings Extent of Provisions for Exceptional Children The 1952-53 enrollment of exceptional children in the nine programs covered by the present survey was 497,216 (table 1). Since the estimated enrollment in all public elementary and secondary schools for 1952-53 is 28,118,000, it appears that the number of children enrolled in the nine types of adjustive services in this study constitutes 1.8 percent of ah public-school children. Authorities have estimated that about 10 percent of the school popula¬ tion are in need of special educational services of the types included in this survey.4 As already mentioned, the estimated public-school enroll¬ ment for the school year 1952-53 was 28,118,000; 10 percent of this num¬ ber equals 2,811,800. Of this number in need of special services, only 497,216 (according to the data of this survey) were receiving needed services through special schools or classes: this amounts to about 18 per¬ cent of those in need, or roughly 1 in 5. 3 Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1947-48. Chapter 5, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1946-48. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. * Needs of Exceptional Children. (Office of Education Leaflet No. 74, 1944.) SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 7 The figures "18 percent" and "1 in 5" are subject to certain interpreta¬ tions or modifications. In the first place, our figures do not include children being served in residential schools for exceptional children: for the nine programs in this study (exclusive of the socially maladjusted), these possibly come to 45,000,* * * * 6 which, if added to the 497,216 of this survey, would raise the figure of 18 percent to 19 percent. Second, in the case of gifted children, special provisions of a reasonably adequate nature are sometimes made within regular classes; if recognition wrere given to this fact, perhaps the original "18 percent" would be raised yet another percentage point or so. These minor corrections to the statistics, how¬ ever, cannot shake the conclusion that most children in need of special educational services are not receiving them. In partial extenuation of this conclusion, consideration must be given to the fact that about 42 percent of the school-age population live in rural areas,6 where problems of pupil transportation and school organization generally make imprac¬ tical the types of programs reported in this survey. Since the vast majority of the children reported in this study are in special schools and classes in urban centers, it is of interest to compare current enrollments in special schools and classes with the estimated num¬ ber of exceptional children in urban centers (places with populations of 2,500 or more). As of the year 1949-50, at least 50 percent of the public elementary and secondary school enrollment in the continental United States was found in city school systems; 7 the percentage for the school year 1952-53 cannot have been less. We may assume, then, that of the estimated 28,118,000 children enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools in 1952-53, at least 14,000,000 were in schools in urban places; and that 10 percent of these, or 1,400,000, were in need of special educa¬ tional services of the types covered in the present survey. The number of children in the present survey receiving special educational services was 497,216; dividing this figure by 1,400,000 yields 36 percent. Minor correction of this figure (to take into account enrollments in residential schools, and provisions for gifted children in regular classes) wTould still leave it well below 40 percent. It appears, then, that even among what may be termed the readily accessible handicapped school population, fewer than 40 percent in need of the special educational services covered in this survey are receiving such services. The situation is, of course, still less favorable for handicapped children in rural areas. It is to be hoped that improvements in pupil transportation, the further develop- 8 Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1947-48. Chapter 5, Biennial Survey of Education, 1946-48. (See table 4, p. 13.) Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. 8 School Enrollment, Educational Attainment, and Illiteracy: October 1952. Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 45. (See table 5, pp. 14^15.) U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, October 22, 1953. 7 Refer to table 8 in Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50, and table 1 in Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50 The figures in the latter chapter do not include urban school enrollment that is part of county-unit systems. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 ment of cooperative multiple district programs, and an extension of consultative services may be employed to bring the necessary adjustive services to many thousands of handicapped children in less populous school districts. Increases in Enrollment Without exception, the nine types of special education programs for which data were obtained registered increases in enrollment since 1947-48 (Figure I). These varied from a scant .3 of 1 percent for children with special health problems, to 68.3 percent for children with speech defi¬ ciencies. The most important increases occurred in services for speech- defectives (68.3 percent), blind (58.6 percent), mentally retarded (30.5 percent), and crippled children (22.8 percent). The over-all increase for all of the nine types of programs was 47.0 percent. These increases are subject to some small degree of downward correction due to the more adequate coverage of the current survey. Increases since 1947-48 in enrollment of children being served by special adjustive programs must necessarily be compared with the corresponding growth in the enrollment of all public-school children. Based upon a projected 1952-53 estimate of 28,118,000 children, the 5-year gain in public elementary and secondary school enrollment was 17.4 percent. For the 9 special education programs presented in this report, the over-all rate of increase was 2.7 times the rate of increase in public-school enrollment. Figure I indicates that, in the four areas indicated above, gains in special education enrollments outstripped the gain in public-school enrollment. Special education services for speech- defective children expanded at nearly 4 times the rate of enrollment growth in public schools, for the blind at more than 3 times, for the mentally retarded at 1.8 times, and for the crippled at 1.3 times. On the other hand, programs for the hard-of-hearing, the deaf, the gifted, the partially seeing, and children with special health problems gained enroll¬ ment at a rate lower than the increase in public-school enrollment (namely, 14.2, 12.0, 10.6, 4.7, and 0.3 percent, respectively). It is possible that the comparatively small increase recorded for the partially seeing (4.7 percent compared to a 17.4 percent gain in total public-school enrollment) reflects the result of increasing emphasis upon adjusting the work of regular schools and classes to the needs of visually handicapped children. This newer emphasis, however, recognizes the need for specialists who can work periodically with visually handicapped children and with classroom teachers to whom the children are assigned. This study should have located such specialists and the children with whom they are working. Yet, the conclusion must be reached that assist¬ ance to visually handicapped children has not kept pace with increasing SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 9 school enrollments. Further investigation should be undertaken to determine the significance of these findings. Martens* * 8 indicated that an apparent decrease in "delicate” children enrolled in special classes between 1940 and 1948 might be due to a mis¬ interpretation of the term. She was of the opinion that varying local practices in classifying "delicate” and "crippled” children resulted in questionable totals in the 1947—48 data. However, the inquiry form used in the present study (reproduced at end of this report) was more explicit than the form used in 1948, and it is probable that confusions have been held to a minimum. The conclusion must be reached that, over a period of 12 years, there has been a steady decline in the percentage of children placed in special classes because of debilitating health conditions — tuberculosis, epilepsy, and cardiac and other below-par conditions. Much of this may be due to the declining incidence of tuberculosis and the more effective control of convulsive disorders through medication. Martens8 indicated that special classes were being employed only for extreme cases, and the current data bear out her statement. In discussing a decrease of enrollment in special classes for the mentally retarded between 1940 and 1948, Martens 8 ventured two possible explana¬ tions. First, acute teacher shortages during the postwar years had resulted in the abandoning of special classes for mentally deficient children in some school systems. Second, the acceptance of a philosophy stressing the adaptation of instruction to pupils with varying abilities had caused some administrators to restrict special class programs to children with severe disabilities, or to abandon special classes altogether. However, Martens also pointed to a National Education Association report 9 indi¬ cating that the number of special classes was on the increase, a statement that was supported by the 1947-48 data insofar as they indicated a significant increase in the number of school systems maintaining special classes. The statistics for 1952-53 seem to support at least two of Martens’ observations on the mentally retarded. Both the number of mentally retarded children enrolled in special schools or classes and the number of school systems reporting special classes showed significant gains. There were 113,565 children in special classes maintained by 1,244 school dis¬ tricts in 1952-53 compared to 87,030 children in 714 districts in 1947-48 (table 1). The 1952-53 enrollment also is more than 15,000 greater than the 1940 enrollment, and the number of districts maintaining classes 8 Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1947-48. Chapter 5, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1946-48. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. 8 Trends in City Schools Organization, 1938 to 1948. Washington, D. C., National Education Association, 1949. 39 p. (Research Bulletin, Vol. 27, No. 1, February 1949). 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 has grown from 565 in 1940 11 to 1,244 in 1952-53. It would appear that special classes for mentally retarded children have been reinstated in many school districts and expanded in others. While it is obvious that programs for all mentally retarded children are reaching a larger percentage of the school population, it is apparent, as Martens11 also observed, that increasing emphasis is being placed upon services to more severely mentally handicapped children. Much of this development may be of more recent origin than the 1947-48 data might imply. Within the past 2 or 3 years parent organizations and educators have recognized the need for day school programs for severely retarded children — usually those whose I. Q.’s are below 50 and who have little or no competence for achievement in the common branches of learning. In order to measure the impact of this newer development the statistics for States and for local schools (tables 2, 3, 4, and 5) were broken down to indicate the number of enrollees in both types of programs — those for educable children and those for the severely retarded. More than 4,500 of the total mentally retarded group appear to be in classes for severely retarded children, taught by 356 teachers. These data obviously do not indicate that programs for the more severely retarded are replacing those for moderately retarded children, for the 108,903 children in classes for the educable retarded (table 2) represent a 25 percent increase over the total enrollment of all mentally retarded children in 1948, but they do present evidence that considerable development is taking place in providing public day school services for more severely retarded children. The increases in enrollments of classes for the crippled and the blind merit some comment. Since the relative infrequent incidence of blind¬ ness restricts day school classes for the blind to larger centers of popula¬ tion, it seemed unusually significant to find a 58.6 percent increase in enrollment in these classes (see chart, page 11). Many specialists in this area of special education are of the opinion that blind children may be given special instruction in the use of braille and gradually absorbed into classes for normal children, particularly if readers and guidance are pro¬ vided. Some residential schools are pursuing this policy in dealing with older blind children. Since the integration of the blind child into the normal environment probably may be achieved better if he does not lose contact with the seeing world, the increase in day school programs may be indicative of considerable progress. Insofar as the crippled are concerned, the modest increase in enrollment (22.8 percent) takes on added significance when recent developments in special education are considered (see chart, page 11). The tendency in this area of special education seems to be in the direction of providing for 11 Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children , 1947-48. Chapter 5, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1946-48. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 11 Percent Increase 0 20 40 60 80 Comparison between increase in enrollments in special schools and classes and increase in total enrollment in public elementary and secondary day schools more severly crippled children — especially the cerebral-palsied — in classes with much smaller enrollments than those found in all-inclusive programs for crippled children. Furthermore, the more recently estab¬ lished programs are usually considered short-term services which prepare children for absorption into the regular grades at a relatively early age. These trends would tend to reduce the total enrollments in special schools and classes for crippled children, and yet the data present evidence of significant growth. The conclusion is that, over a period of several years, an even larger percentage of crippled children than the data indicate is being served by presently maintained programs for crippled children. The data on the remaining areas represented in the study may give rise to disappointment and concern. Enrollment of hard-of-hearing children failed to keep pace with the growth in public-school enrollment — 14.2 percent (see chart, above) compared to 17.4 percent. Due to improve¬ ments in medical services, the hard-of-hearing child may constitute a decreasing problem in special education. At least, the differential in enrollment statistics is not great enough to be particularly significant. In considering the implications of the data for deaf children, con¬ siderable cause for concern may be implied. The enrollment of deaf 287060°— 54 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 children in day school classes increased only 69 percent (see chart, page 11) as much as did the enrollment of all public-school children. Granting, again, the possible influence of improved medical services, it seems apparent that provisions for deaf children are lagging far behind the needs for instructional programs. This is the area of special education for which administrators almost uniformly point to an unavailability of teachers. It is probable that many day school programs for deaf children have been restricted or actually cut down because competent teachers cannot be employed. The problem seems to stem from two causes. First, teacher education in this critical area is offered in only a limited number of centers. Second, preparation for teaching the deaf can hardly be given on an in-service basis and, therefore, involves expenses which cannot be offset by an on-going salary. Few teachers, having completed their basic preparation in education, are in a position to pursue the added year or more of full-time specialized training. The recruits are difficult to find. It would appear that the expressed fears of special educators relative to meeting the school needs of deaf children are well substantiated, and that direct and immediate action is necessary if day school programs are to be continued on an adequate scale. The statistics on the enrollment of gifted children may not have the implications for concern that they appear to present. It must be remem- beied that these data involved only special schools and classes. The services for children in the other eight classifications have been recognized traditionally as functions of special education programs. The same is not true insofar as unusually bright, or gifted, children are concerned. Other data now being compiled and studied by the Office of Education indicate that much is being done to serve gifted children in the regular high-school programs of many schools. The methods employed include enrichment within the regular classrooms, ability groupings, selective courses, and honors clubs and activities. These are apparently employed to a greater extent than are recognized and designated special classes. The data represent, at best, an indication of the growth of recognized special classes for gifted children. An evaluation of how well the schools are providing for gifted children must await a more inclusive survey than that represented by this report. In reporting the 1947-48 data Martens 12 commented upon the growth of special education in the secondary schools. This growth has continued at such a rapid pace that a more detailed study of its pattern seems important in the analysis of the current data. Previous studies have included enrollments in classes for truants and behavior problems and for home-bound and hospitalized children; the 1952-53 study is limited 12 Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1947-48. Chapter 5, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1946-48. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 13 (for reasons already cited) to the 9 types of exceptionality given in table A, and to programs in public day schools and classes (not including home and hospital instruction) in the continental United States. For purposes of comparison, secondary school data for identical cate¬ gories have been assembled in table A. Because these categories do not include all those reported in previous studies, the totals in table A do not agree with previously published totals. Table A. — Enrollment in special schools and classes in public secondary day schools , by type of exceptional child: 1937-38, 1939-40, 1947-48, and 1952-53 Type of exceptional child 1952-53 1947-48 1939-40 1937-38 1 2 3 4 5 Total of all nine groups _ . 108, 058 43, 505 21, 954 18, 150 Mentally retarded . . . . . 28, 687 52, 568 1,889 12, 518 9,062 1,222 8, 616 5, 237 1,341 7,006 5, 404 564 Speech-defective _ _ _ . _ _ Crippled _ _ _ _ Deaf.. .. _ . _ _ 489 2971 1,865/ 1151 1, 190/ 604 Hard-of-hearing . . 2, 252 2, 419 1, 312 Blind.. 181 1,557 1, 169 Partially seeing _ _ 1, 470 1,289 19, 233 Special health problems ... i 2, 020 764 i 1, 968 727 Mentally gifted . . . . . . 16, 632 i Includes delicate and epileptic. Enrollments in special schools and classes at the secondary level in¬ creased from 18,150 in 1937-38 to 21,954 in 1939-40, an increase of 21.0 percent for the 2 -year period. In 1947-48, the comparable figure was 43,505, an increase of 98.2 percent over the 1939-40 enrollment; in 1952- 53, there were 108,058 pupils enrolled, an increase of 148 percent for the 5-year period from 1947-48 to 1952-53. Between 1937-38 and 1939-40, special education at the secondary level increased at the rate of 10.0 percent per year; 13 between 1939-40 and 1947-48 the rate of increase was 8.9 percent per year; 13 and over the past 5 years the rate of increase was 20.0 percent per year.13 The comparison of enrollment growth in the various areas of special education at the elementary and the secondary school levels separately is more revealing than the rate of over-all increase. In considering the enrollment growth from 1947-48 to 1952-53 at the elementary level, it is necessary first to observe that the large increase in number of births subsequent to World War II (1945 and later) has not yet affected sec¬ ondary school enrollments. The 17.4 percent increase in public-school enrollment from 1947-48 to 1952-53 represents a substantially larger increase (24.5 percent) in the elementary schools and a much smaller increase (0.61 percent) in the secondary schools. 13 A yearly increase at this rate, compounded (as in compound would yield the total increment mentioned. interest) for the specified number of years. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Increases in special education services (see table B) have exceeded the 24.5 percent increase of public elementary school enrollment only insofar as speech-defective and blind children are concerned. On the other hand, it seems that all groups registered gains in enrollment beyond ordinary expectations at the secondary school level. As far as the total picture is concerned it would seem that special education is hardly keep¬ ing pace with enrollment increases at the elementary level and is making its most consistent gains in the secondary schools. Table B. — Increase in enrollment in special schools and classes in public elementary and secondary day schools , by type of exceptional child: 1947—48 to 1952-53 Public elementary schools Public secondary schools Type of exceptional child 1947-48 1952-53 Increase Percent increase 1947-48 1952-53 Increase Percent increase i 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total public school enroll¬ ment _ 16,839, 000 20, 969, 000 4, 130, 000 24. 53 7, 106, 000 7, 149,000 43,000 0.61 Total special ed¬ ucation enroll¬ ment.. _ 394, 634 389, 158 94, 534 32. 09 43,505 108,058 64, 553 148.38 Mentally retarded . 74, 512 84, 878 10, 366 13. 91 12, 518 28, 687 16, 169 129. 17 Speech-defective . . 173, 246 254, 179 80, 933 46. 72 9, 062 52, 568 43, 506 480.09 Crippled _ Hard-of-hearing . . 13,288 15, 924 2, 636 19.84 1,222 1,889 667 54.58 8, 580 9, 680 1, 100 12. 82 1, 865 2, 252 387 20. 75 Partially seeing _ 6, 466 6, 544 78 1.21 1, 190 1, 470 280 23. 53 Special health problems 10, 821 10, 166 3,446 -655 -6. 05 604 1, 289 685 113.41 Deaf... . . 3, 217 229 7. 12 297 489 192 64.65 Blind . . . . 414 658 244 58. 94 115 181 66 57.39 Mentally gifted _ _ 4, 080 3, 683 -397 -9. 73 16, 632 19, 233 2, 601 15.64 The enrollment increases indicated for speech-defective, mentally retarded, and special health problem children in the secondary schools (table B) might best be described as phenomenal. Since the first two groups are represented by large numbers of children, the impact of these two programs upon the secondary schools must be considerable. Prob¬ lems of teacher recruitment and, as regards mentally retarded children, of curriculum adaptation are of obvious importance. For the special education administrator the statistics have added sig¬ nificance. The apparent lag in the growth of special education at the elementary level compared to known increases in elementary enrollment is probably explained by problems of space and teacher availability. The need to find classrooms for a rapidly increasing number of new en- rollees has made the location of suitable space for small groups of handi¬ capped children difficult. Since elementary special class teachers must be recruited from an inadequate supply of teachers trained first of all in elementary teaching, it is little wonder that special classes in the elementary schools seem to be lagging behind the known needs for their services. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 15 On the other hand the trend toward increased development at secondary school levels (table C) also poses problems for special education admin¬ istrators and coordinators. The orientation of special education pro¬ grams to the secondary school organization, the development of suitable curricula, and the problem of finding teachers who are prepared in their special field and who can adapt their teaching methods and materials to the needs of adolescent youth are only a few of the problems involved. Table C .—Percent of enrollment in special schools and classes in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of exceptional child: 1952-53 and 1947-48 Type of exceptional child 1952-53 1947-48 Enroll¬ ment Percent of en¬ rollment in — Enroll¬ ment Percent of en¬ rollment in — Elemen¬ tary Secon¬ dary Elemen¬ tary Secon¬ dary 1 2 3 4 5 S 7 Total of all nine groups - 497, 216 78.3 21.7 338, 129 87.1 12.9 Mentally retarded _ _ _ 113, 565 74.7 25.3 87, 030 85.6 14.4 Speech-defective _ _ _ 306, 747 82.9 17.1 182, 308 95.0 5.0 Crippled _ . _ _ ...... _ 17, 813 89.4 10.6 14, 510 91.6 8.4 Hard-of-hearing _ _ _ 11, 932 81.1 18.9 10, 445 82. 1 17.9 Partially seeing _ ... _ 8, 014 81.7 18.3 7, 656 84.5 15.5 Special health problems _ . . . 11, 455 88.7 11.3 11, 425 94.7 5.3 Deaf _ _ _ 3, 935 87.6 12.4 3, 514 91.5 8.5 Blind _ _ _ 839 78.4 21.6 529 78.3 21.7 Mentally gifted _ _ _ _ _ 22, 916 16.1 83.9 20, 712 19.7 80.3 Teachers and Pupil-Teacher Ratios in Special Education The number of teachers employed in the instruction of exceptional children has kept pace with the increase in pupil enrollment (table 1). In 1947-48, 9,665 teachers were involved in school services for the nine groups of children studied in this report. In 1952-53 there were 14,316, an increase of about 48.1 percent, compared to an enrollment increase of 47.0 percent. In view of current teacher shortages the 48.1 percent increase in the number of special education teachers is remarkable. Perhaps the teachers hardest to obtain, and for whom training facilities are least frequently found, are the instructors of the deaf. And yet, even in this area, the number of teachers in dav school programs increased 78.1 percent during the 5 -year period. Comparisons of the 1947-48 and 1952-53 pupil-teacher ratios in several groups reveal that improved teaching conditions and a trend toward the acceptance of more severelv handicapped children have marked special education developments during the past 5 years. In 1947-48 the average number of pupils per teacher of the deaf was 13. In 1952—53 this number 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 stands at 8. Martens 14 pointed out in her discussion of the 1947-48 data that it was difficult to distinguish in the reports submitted between deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Allowing for considerable error in the 1947-48 statistics it seems obvious that some improvement may have been made during the 5-year interval in limiting the number of children assigned to teachers of the deaf. The comparison for speech -defective children is not subject to the same error. In 1947-48 the average number of children served by each speech correctionist was 145. In 1952-53 the average was reduced to 136. Specialists in this field of special education would probably set the desirable pupil-teacher ratio at no more than 75. The data seem to illustrate that some progress has been made. Pupil-teacher ratio changes for the crippled and special health problem groups also indicate trends toward smaller classes. The average number of pupils per teacher of crippled children declined from 14.3 to 11.9 during the 5-year period. For children with special health problems the pupil- teacher ratio went from 24.4 to 13.2. It seems quite evident that the smaller classes which are characteristic of services in these two areas of special education are the result of emphasis upon the acceptance of children who are more severely handicapped. There is no doubt that the crippled pupils include a larger percentage of cerebral-palsied children. Classes for those with special health problems obviously are being re¬ stricted to children who are most severely handicapped and who need a greater degree of personal attention and guidance. Districts Providing Special Education Services The 1952-53 statistics indicate that special education services are being adopted as a part of the school program in a rapidly increasing number of school districts (table 1). Since the 1947-48 report included types of services not covered by the present report, comparisons were restricted to the areas studied in 1952-53. Martens 14 reported a 100 percent increase in school districts reporting special education services between 1940 and 1948, or an average of 9.1 percent per year 15 during the 8-year interval. For the nine areas covered by this study the number of places reporting services increased from 973 to 1,785. This is an 83 percent increase, or an average of 12.9 percent per year 14 for the elapsed 5 years. Again, some small corrections may need to be made due to the more extensive coverage of this survey. However, the corrections would be small in comparison with the observed growth. 14 Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1947-48. Chapter 5, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1946-48. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. 18 A yearly increase at this rate, compounded (as in compound interest) for the specified number of years, would yield the total increment mentioned. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 17 Analysis of the statistics by types of children served reveals that even in those areas of service recording the smallest inci eases in enrollment the number of places providing services increased significantly. For example, the enrollment of children with special health problems increased only .3 of 1 percent, yet the number of schools providing special classes for these children increased more than 220 percent. Likewise, the number of places with services for partially seeing children increased about 70.7 percent over the number represented in the 1947-48 survey, although the increase in enrollment was less than 5 percent. Further examination of the data reveals that in all areas of exception¬ ality the rate of increase in the number of schools reporting services far outstripped the rate of increase in enrollment. The rate of increase in places reporting services for the blind was twice the rate of increase in enrollment of blind children, and at the other extreme the rate of increase in the number of places reporting services for special health problems was 700 times the rate of increase in enrollment of children in those programs. The conclusion must be reached that the greatest increases in services have occurred in the development of new programs rather than in the expansion of already established services. In the areas in which actual enrollment increases are small, it would appear that older programs are becoming more selective and dealing with only the most severely handicapped children, while new programs are being added as a result of increasing recognition of needs. All in all, these seem to be indications that special education is moving in the right direction. Summary The 1952-53 statistical study of enrollments in public day school special education programs was restricted to services to the following nine types of exceptional children: (1) mentally retarded; (2) speech- defective; (3) crippled; (4) deaf; (5) hard-of-hearing; (6) blind; (7) par¬ tially seeing; (8) special health problems; (9) mentally gifted. Informa¬ tion on home-bound, hospitalized, and socially maladjusted children are incomplete and are not included in the data. The data for 1952-53 were compared with comparable data for the 1947-48 school year. An analysis of the obtained information indicates that: 1. During the 1952-53 school year, the number of children enrolled in the nine types of special education programs covered by the present survey was 497,216. Special schools and classes for exceptional children (within the nine types covered by this survey) appear to be reaching about 18 percent, or roughly 1 in 5, of the pupils in need of such services. The percentage is lower for children in rural areas, and higher for those in urban areas, but even in urban areas is below 40 percent. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 2. Programs for children with speech handicaps enrolled 306,747, or nearly 62 percent of all exceptional children enrolled. Those for the mentally retarded enrolled 113,565, about 23 percent of the total number served. 3. The increase in enrollment of pupils in special schools and classes since 1947-48 was 159,087, or 47.0 percent, compared to an increase in public-school enrollment of 17.4 percent. While all areas of special education recorded actual increases in enrollment, the rates of increase of enrollments in services to deaf, partially seeing, and special health prob¬ lem childeren were significantly below the rate of increase in public - school enrollment. The unavailability of specialized teachers and a growing tendency to place only the most severely handicapped children in special classes probably are responsible for these small increases. The rate of increase in services to gifted children also fell short of the rate of increase in public -school enrollment. 4. All types of services studied gained in enrollment during the 5-year period. In four areas, namely services for speech-defectives, blind, men¬ tally retarded, and crippled children, the rates of increase exceeded the rate of increase in public-school enrollment. 5. In each special education program, except that for the blind, the rate of enrollment-increase was highest in the secondary schools. The enrollments of speech-handicapped children, the mentally retarded, and children with special health problems in secondary school special classes increased 480 percent, 129 percent, and 113 percent, respectively. 6. In the elementary schools, only services for speech-handicapped and blind children exceeded the rate of increase of elementary -school enrollment. 7. In 1952-53, 14,300 teachers were employed in the special schools and classes reported in this survey. This is an increase of 48 percent since 1947-48. 8. The average number of exceptional pupils per teacher in special classes decreased considerably in several categories during the 5 -year period from 1947-48 to 1952-53. For these categories, it appears that the restriction of enrollment to the more severely handicapped children has been accompanied by a decrease in class size. 9. Some type or types of special schools or classes were reported by 1,785 school districts of 48 States and the District of Columbia. The same facilities were found in only 973 school districts in 1948. The increases in places repoiting was 83 percent. 10. In several program areas registering the smallest gains in enroll¬ ment, the rate of increase in number of school districts providing services was the highest. It would appear that older programs are becoming more selective in their placements and that many additional school districts are developing programs for exceptional children. Table 1. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers , by type of exceptional child: 1952-53 and 1947-48 SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 19 1947-48 Number of teach¬ ers 2 es CD CD cT -H to X -H 1C OC 05 1C d CC-^NOiCCiCN CCCSOT^IO^C* CO ^ fTi-T Enrollment Second¬ ary schools us o •« 12, 518 9,062 1,222 1, 865 1, 190 604 297 115 16, 632 Elemen- ary schools - w CD 1 74, 512 173, 246 13, 288 8, 580 6, 466 10, 821 3, 217 414 4, 080 Total o s GO *S OS 87, 030 182, 308 14, 510 10, 445 7, 656 11,425 3, 514 529 20, 712 Number of— Places re¬ porting os DC O ® ffl OS M N -l 1 States reporting QO DC COpCOTt^COCOOCCOOC 1952-53 Number of teach¬ ers 2 r* 14,316 7, 067 2, 256 1,498 480 647 868 479 95 926 Enrollment Second¬ ary schools CD GO US O ao o 28, 687 52, 568 1,889 2, 252 1,470 1,289 489 181 19, 233 Elemen¬ tary schools »o s i 84, 878 254, 179 15, 924 9, 680 6, 544 10, 166 3, 446 658 3, 683 Total 497,216 113, 565 306, 747 17, 813 11,932 8, 014 11,455 3, 935 839 22, 916 Number of— Places re¬ reporting eo us GO 1,244 1,087 596 497 408 330 185 67 27 States reporting N «c GOOC^OCOCCO^OCtO 1 ~ Total _ _ . _ _ Mentally retarded . . . . Speech-defective . . . . . Crippled . . . . Hara-of-hearing . . . Partially seeing . . . . Special health problems 6_ . . Deaf _ _ _ _ Blind . . _ . . Mentally gifted . . . . . . © d S sgs & O OrO co is a,o = 12 £c C3 g K £ « p £ > ©■ Si o' la”! — ’ rr> ° c df«- Oft £ u c-S'a ©.S-S^g ■s g&i*. S§8§t5 ►5 Eh © © o g g a 5 .g& d"®£ S © 0*^ ^ £, <2 0) 4) TJ o fe-O S “ C to •o"S3 2 © © > £ a 2 •a© “ © X3 £ s-,3 I Jill §1^3 +J-® n © 9 S © & >» 03 ® &2 § 2-33^ a> ® *s 2&a§ t* X^XJ <§£§£ C3°®g c3 C is ® XJ © «-. ©~S^2 S3|a gssg® gS’S&tl QEd< m © ^ CjO „ ® 287060°— 54 4 Table 2.— Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are educable mentally retarded , speech- defective , crippled , hard-of-hearing , or partially seeing , 6y State: 1952-53 [A teacher serving more than one type of exceptional child is reported only with the type to which she devotes the major portion of her time] 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Partially Seeing Teachers Part- time * i l Tt* i i-H l l l — i r • i i i 04 04 rH \ i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 04 Full¬ time ® I 00 i-H T* CO H t-H 00 H i-H 00 Tt<©© 00 — t-H CO rf rH Pupils Sec¬ ond¬ ary © 1,470 i i © US © ' ' U- r-i i 1 © CO US© 00 tt^© • ^ 04 b- US rH » US 04 • 00 © 00 i i i i CN Ele¬ men¬ tary GO 3 © 04 NNINtO co © © © i-H ^h ^ c32fS©122 i-h i-H CO ^ 1-H 1 Hard-of-Hearing Teachers Part- time r* 80 i H 00 CO «' CO CO i i i i © US i CO Full¬ time © 400 04 I rt< 04 fh rtx^HN© co ^h 04 co ^h r^- us us 04 lUSH US t-H f-H 04 i-H I CO Pupils Sec¬ ond¬ ary u» iCOCO^© 00 04 0400©i-h ©©00COrt<00 «DhUS i co i-h us r^. ^#4 us co us co © 1-H Ol 1 £ Ele¬ men¬ tary a 9,680 ooo^oco ^©0400 © -*< 04 04 oi »-h ^«©USi-hOO© ©^^04^© oot^t- ^ OOHH 04 i-h co© 04 CO 00 04 *-4 Crippled Teachers Part- time eo © TT 04 ' ^ »-H • 1-H • 00 ^ '©04 04 1-H©© 04 i-4 Full¬ time N 1,378 r^04COUSH* © 1-H 04 US 1-H 00 © CO US i-H CO Ht<04 1-H 1-H 04 rHOCO CO Pupils Sec¬ ond¬ ary a 1 • CO 1 1 © CO © © *-h i©i-h*-i© us qo 04 © ^ CO C4 ICO ^ HfOUS CO 04 1 04 Ele¬ men¬ tary © h* © us us 04 i-H 00 US 04 i-H 0HH * rH COCO JOOO *C cs ‘OCOH i is 3 00 38 15 57 9 20 16 54 6 : *0 3 N 3ss~§ i 217 610 48 "i™" g i CO 6 23 1 45 1 9 £ i i 1 2"i ” i i :' 61 2 13 88 10 416 32 2, 230 268 1,124 140 100 510 58 36 22 158 735 51 s HNHHN c^c^c^^cor^ hMhhOJ 1 4 2 1 4 1 & » 3 24 32 1 70 2 16 S 246 9 31, 947 120 20 398 70 297 1,612 727 1 ar igsg 1, 518 Ssa§8| isliss lilr I - ^ g « ® ® 2S^| g°°!»82g 'HSS,0|'0 3 § s •O fill KS2S|S 283238 8 r-T ® =isi Ilis§§ SS^sgs N rt rt tf) tC r-T 8SS22 3 ,H e ® © » i2 ■4W) c 4ad ^ § ! g -I 0 2 "8 fit *8 2 c „ c5£ 8j V3 « Jtj -c^ S « ®? as *» *fi 6 cj «•» * 8 — © .5 g u 0) a, _ O) Ca rG I I I ^ I BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 W Q. S8| 3< aj 3 S Pn +3 oi3 t>> a> C t- 03 o « ig£ W02 3S fV-3 i C ^ W §5 r-L > « 3 t- Mo53 3 |j OT3 >> 0) rt 1- W o 05 CO ^ t— H iS 3 >> ■3-3 H |j*t lllti i-sial S^-iS ■S.gspi §gg§3~ ^=5==^ <-<-<-000 c^oSk^ SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 23 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 4. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are educable mentally retarded , speech-defective , or crippled , by place: 1952-53 [A teacher serving more than one type of exceptional child is reported only with the type to which she devotes the major portion of her time] Educable Mentally Retarded S PEECH- DE FECTI VE Crippled Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 » 10 Alabama Andalusia. . . 8 1 19 2 193 60 14 43 1 63 6 20 1 19 2 Huntsville. . 16 1 2 11 1 1 5 Mobile city (See Mobile Co.) . Mobile County _ _ _ 10 1 34 3 Montgomery city (See Montgomery Co.) _ _ _ _ Montgomery County . 33 3 Arizona Creighton District (P. 0. Phoenix).. 11 * 2 Globe _ _ _ 5 3 1 Phoenix . . 57 205 <9 100 50 3 2 Sunnyslope (P. 0. Phoenix).. . 6 1 Tucson . . . 126 81 11 35 1 1 20 2 Arkansas Blytheville . . . 1 4 1 El Dorado . . . 200 17 1 4 Fort Smith . . . 2 i 16 2 Jonesboro . . . . . 3 4 1 Little Rock . . . 53 2 7 6 13 2 1 Magnolia . . . 2 5 2 Marianna. _ _ _ 12 i Mena . . . 1 5 3 1 2 North Little Rock . . . 6 1 1 5 1 Texarkana . . 12 1 12 * i 11 1 California Alameda city . . . 15 18 2 139 3 1 12 1 Alameda County _ _ _ 67 6 5 21 2 Alameda District (P. 0. Downey)... 19 1 Albany. . . . . . . 18 1 Alhambra . . . . . 26 25 3 661 43 2 3 Alisal. . . . . 10 1 80 3 1 Alum Rock District (P. 0. San Jose) . 81 3 5 112 3 1 Anaheim . . . . . . 6 3 1 Antioch _ _ _ 17 1 150 5 3 1 Artesia.. _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 1 Arvin . . . . . 14 1 A tascadero . . . . . . 20 3 1 Atwater . 57 3 1 Auburn _ _ 40 3 A venal _ 4 121 1 2 Bakersfield . . . 137 8 39 1 Baldwin Park _ _ _ 31 2 2 12 2 2 Banning . . . . . 26 1 8 1 Beardsley District (P. 0. Bakers¬ field) _ 14 1 Bellflower. _ _ _ _ 68 4 Berkeley . . . . 60 49 <14 428 71 1 5 Burbank 37 43 6 443 1 20 1 2 Burlingame . 92 1 Butte County . . . 12 1 8 1 Cajon Valley District (P. 0. El Cajon)... . . . 23 2 197 1 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 25 Table 4. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are educable mentally retarded, speech-defective, or crippled, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Place or administrative unit Educaple Mentally Retarded Speech-Defective Crippled Pupils Teach¬ ers Pupils Teach¬ ers Pupils Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California— Continued Carlsbad . . 15 1 Carmichael.. . 36 2 428 1 Chico _ _ _ _ 15 1 98 2 1 9 1 13 1 10 3 1 15 1 3 Chowchilla.. . . . 8 1 Chula Vista, . 55 3 239 1 30 2 Clovis . . . . . 33 2 7 1 18 1 180 30 2 9 Corona . . - 30 12 3 .. 12 1 Culver City . . . . 10 2 2 144 1 75 1 3 15 1 125 1 11 1 El Monte .. 38 15 2 4 16 « 1 49 4 El Segundo 7 1 Enterprise District (P. 0. Compton) . 30 2 Escondido 27 2 82 3 3 Eureka . . . . . . . 26 36 2 316 2 2 11 1 Exeter 13 1 Fairfield 22 3 1 5 Fillmore .. 14 1 118 3 1 5 3 1 Fontana 11 1 Freedom 53 4 Fresno city . . . 60 30 6 700 50 3 60 17 « 10 Fresno Countv 210 14 500 2 55 5 Garvey District (P. 0. South San Gabriel) 15 1 10 1 Gilroy 35 2 Glendale . . . - 58 46 6 1,015 42 2 26 12 3 Gridley 17 * 1 Hanford 15 1 Hawthorne 29 2 285 1 Hayward 67 4 300 91 2 158 4 1 Hermosa Bcsch 10 1 TTilmHr 15 1 Hollister 25 1 TTnriQnn Dictript O Pnpntp^ 15 1 x i uuaun ivihbiitt ^x . w . x uciHcy - - Imperial County _ 16 1 Indio 205 1 Inglewood 16 30 4 357 * 10 35 3 Kern County 150 12 1,200 io 8 Kings County 20 2 527 2 17 1 T.q MpoQ 31 2 X-JCk 1 Vi Coe* - T *orlr aiicK - New Bedford . . . . Newton - - — - — - 4 138 2 2 18 2 North Adams 3 1 1 1 115 1 N orthampton - North Andover - 2 50 N orwood _ 43 1 14 3 3 10 1 1 Dnn Kfid V 20 9 10 33 36 8 77 45 160 8 18 218 11 34 1 1 1 4 5 1 11 3 12 3 1 1 *29 1 1 rbauuuy - Pine hurst - - - - 12 1 I > if f n P 1 Plymouth . . . Quincy . . . . - 26 29 Reading _ Revere . . . . - 42 Somerville _ Southbridge - boutn nauiey r ails - Springfield... . . .... . . 152 134 1 18 3 Stouehton _ i See footnotes at end of table. 287060° — 54 - 6 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Table 4. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are educable mentally retarded , speech-defective , or crippled, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Educable Mentally Retarded Speech-Defective Crippled Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Massachusetts— Continued 50 5 3 1 80 5 5 3 1 21 2 39 3 1 18 2 113 8 200 35 1 12 1 18 1 57 22 5 49 4 20 1 1 10 1 36 2 360 32 432 2 12 2 Michigan Albion _ - . 92 12 1 Algonae 25 20 3 1 2 3 1 Allen Park 142 1 1 Alpena _ _ 12 5 83 Battle Creek 32 18 3 80 10 3 Bay City 17 1 439 17 3 18 3 Beecher District (P. 0. Flint) 18 1 56 1 Benton Harbor. _ 132 12 1 13 22 Berkley - - _ _ - -- 121 32 1 Big Rapids _ ... - 59 4 3 1 Birmingham 138 4 1 Brownlee Park District (P. 0. Battle Creek) _ - _ _ - _ 26 3 1 Cadillac 16 1 Caro 53 2 3 1 Center Line _ _ _ _ 69 2 3 1 Chelsea _ - _ _ 76 11 1 Comstock 10 1 Crystal Falls 24 3 1 Dearborn _. . _ _ 103 22 8 800 300 6 43 15 3 Detroit _ _ _ - 1,373 2,092 183 7,438 140 1,644 60 552 126 41 Dowagiae _ 31 2 1 1 12 1 Eaton Rapids _ 60 1 33 3 1 Escanaba . _ - _ __ _ 37 2 12 1 Fenton __ .. _ _ _ _ 86 12 1 Femdale 25 2 300 2 2 7 1 Fitzgerald District (P. 0. Van Dyke). Flint - -- _ _ _ - 11 4 1 90 7 1 215 120 19 1,399 20 138 9 27 7 4 Fremont 6 1 3 1 Garden City . . . 18 3 1 Grand Haven. _ _ 107 21 1 Grand Rapids.. 268 160 24 945 12 6 96 29 10 Greenville _ 90 12 1 Grosse Pointe 17 1 321 32 2 Hamtramck . . . . . 29 36 4 135 1 19 1 Hazel Park.. 60 23 4 158 18 1 14 1 Highland Park . . . . . .. 42 34 8 7 465 26 2 11 8 2 Holland _ _ _ 10 15 2 156 1 15 1 Holly 11 1 Inkster.. 42 3 1 1 Iron River . 15 4 3 1 Iron wood. _ _. _ _ _ _ _ 78 12 1 10 1 Jackson _ _ _ 102 57 9 417 37 3 3 48 24 Kalamazoo. . . . 110 7 552 3 49 4 Lansing _ .. 61 83 5 15 741 155 5 72 13 27 Livonia.. . . . . 86 14 1 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 37 Table 4. --Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are educable mentally retarded , speech -defective, or crippled , by place: 1952-53 — Continued Place or administrative unit Educable Mentally Retarded Speech-Defective Crippled Pupils Teach¬ ers Pupils Teach¬ ers Pupils Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Michigan— Continued Manistee .. .. . _ . 24 1 Marine City _ _ _ 28 5 3 1 1 19 19 2 15 2 1 Marshall _ _ _ 148 1 Melvindale... . . 50 45 1 Menominee _ _ _ 2 3 1 Michigan Center _ _ _ 48 5 3 1 15 3 1 155 1 71 4 158 1 11 4 1 Mount Clemens . _. .. . ... . 40 2 125 25 1 48 12 2 22 1 Newberry _ ... . . ... 15 19 2 Niles . ... _ _ 89 9 1 Northville.-. _ _ _ _ 46 5 3 1 92 14 1 49 26 5 192 1 21 2 Port Huron _ _ _ 53 4 140 1 River Rouge. _ _ _ .. . .. 19 1 152 9 1 Rochester 128 1 Romeo 11 1 Roseville _ _ .. . _ .. 4 3 1 Royal Oak . . _ . .. .. 29 18 3 170 1 19 1 Saginaw 58 4 495 95 3 19 3 1 St Clair 32 14 3 1 St Johns 31 3 2 St Louis 16 1 Sault Ste. Marie 22 2 121 16 1 11 1 South Lake District (P. 0. St. Clair Shores) 30 3 1 Tecumseh 144 12 1 Traverse City 39 2 85 20 1 17 1 Trenton 216 3 1 Vandercook (P 0 Jackson) 50 15 3 1 Vassar 30 3 1 Warren Township (P. 0. Van Dyke)_ 28 2 195 1 18 1 Wayne 19 1 247 1 Willow Run 169 1 Wyand otte 33 2 300 90 2 23 1 Ypsilanti 15 1 370 3 35 2 Minnesota Ada 16 1 6 A lbert Lea 12 1 75 1 12 1 10 18 2 225 15 2 "Rottlp T.alrp 5 3 1 ID cl L Lie L/dAC - - - - - Hi o nl m 14 2 1 91 1 II ioiiuiill - - - Plnmipt 16 1 vllMjutl _ 13 1 Duluth.. .... - - - 154 70 14 133 67 2 56 9 4 Fairmont 35 1 TT iHHiri & 42 3 172 39 2 International Falls - 76 48 7 8 T ittlp T^q11 E-1 Ele¬ men¬ tary | Sec¬ ond¬ ary s- o o $ Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary OJ o S3 Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary o 8 E-1 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1? 13 Idaho 16 8 1 6 1 6 1 1 11 1 16 1 2 4 Illinois Alton 11 1 1 16 7 2 6 >1 1 >1 14 1 31 >3 9 1 14 1 15 1 3 1 2 6 1 22 4 4 1 4 i 2 218 47 32 334 68 45 127 28 16 Chicago Heights. _ 15 1 Cicero _ _ _ _ 3 10 1 2 2 Danville 14 1 8 1 1 Decatur 12 1 9 6 1 DeKalb city. . . 6 1 DeKalb County _ 1 i 1 East Peoria. .. _ .. 13 1 East St. Louis _ 7 1 10 1 Edwardsville _ .. 1 i 1 Effingham _ 1 i 1 4 i 1 Elgin 6 2 1 20 8 2 6 Elmhurst 10 1 Evanston 6 4 1 10 1 Ford County 2 i 2 Freeport.. _ .. 8 3 1 3 Harrisburg.. . . 10 1 Harvard.. _ 1 i 1 Highland Park . . 3 1 Hillsboro . . _ 1 Johnston City. . _ 12 1 Joliet _ _ _ 8 8 2 13 1 LaGrange _ 9 1 Lake County.. _ _ 7 6 Lake F orest _ 1 LaSalle.. . 7 1 La wrenceville _ 4 Mattoon . . 5 1 Mavwood _ _ _ 8 Moline. . 11 1 Murphy sboro _ 12 1 Northbrook _ 17 1 Oaklawn _ _ 1 1 2 Oak Park... _ 6 1 25 2 47 Ottawa _ 9 1 Park Ridge _ _ 2 Pekin _ . _ 9 1 Peoria.. _ 30 15 3 30 2 Pittsfield _ 1 Quincy _ _ _ 12 3 1 Rantoul. _ _ 8 1 Rock Falls _ ... 14 1 Rockford _ _ ... . .. 12 11 2 7 2 Rock Island. . . . 10 3 1 5 1 Salem _ _ 8 1 Shelby ville . 2 1 Springfield _ 5 1 14 1 16 1 Urbana _ _ _ .. 2 1 3 1 See footnotes at end of table SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 59 Table 5. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing , partially seeing , special health problems , or severely mentally retarded , by place: 1952-53 — Continued Hard-of-Heaking Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils 01 Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary <3 ca 9 Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ut o £ Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary H Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 1 8 Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary XJ § 1 3 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Iowa— Continued Humboldt City... . 1 1 1 3 l1 51 Lyon-0 ’Brien -Osceola Counties (P. O. Shel- 5 2 2 Newton . . 4 2 13 1 Sioux City . 3 2 i 1 Waterloo' 3 1 i West Des Moines . 4 i 1 1 i 1 Kansas Garden City. 11 6 2 13 8 2 s Wichita . 23 1 12 1 16 2 Kentucky Ashland . 2 Covington 7 1 Lexington 27 16 23 l Louisville.. 13 2 1 75 57 8 45 14 2 Whitley County 1 8 1 1 2 Louisiana A sponsion Parish 2 3 Assumption Parish (P. 0. Plattenville) 10 1 Baton Rouge (See East Baton Rouge Parish) Beauregard Parish 10 1 Bogalusa 12 i 1 Caddo Parish 24 3 6 1 10 1 Calcasieu Parish 5 1 i 1 Caldwell Parish 10 1 East Baton Rouge Parish. Lafayette Parish 16 1 25 2 5 1 Lake Charles 10 i 1 i 1 Monroe . 4 1 New Orleans 74 29 9 34 2 St. John Parish 16 3 2 Shreveport (See Caddo Parish) West Baton Rouge Parish 8 1 Maine Bangor 1 1 2 1 Brunswick 1 1 1 Camden 1 1 1 Portland .. 12 1 49 2 Saco. 3 1 South Portland 15 4 2 Maryland Alleghany CJonnty 116 58 5 4 Baltimore city 252 6 86 6 90 6 Baltimore County 13 4 1 15 1 27 6 Harford County 1 i 1 3 » 2 9 1 i 3 4 i 2 Montgomery County 10 1 Prince Oeorges County 8 1 Washington County . . 6 1 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 61 Table 5. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing , partially seeing , special health problems , or severely mentally retarded , by place: 1952—53 — Continued Place or administrative unit Hard-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Pupils c n © & 08 © Pupils xn © rCj © o3 © Pupils ca © x: © o3 Eh Pupils © § © E-* Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Massachusetts 2 2 i 1 3 2 1 47 13 4 2 1 1 275 45 3 4 190 57 8 21 155 1 21 11 1 4 70 5 1 15 1 77 6 10 1 g 1 22 1 2 42 31 2 36 1 10 11 2 37 2 4 1 3 1 1 2 14 i 1 12 i 1 3 10 2 Lowell 6 4 i 1 10 1 Lynn 11 1 8 1 Malden . 15 3 4 20 2 Medford 50 54 1 7 5 1 Melrose 8 6 i 1 Methuen 2 1 i 1 13 11 1 5 Milford 16 i 1 New Bedford 6 3 1 19 1 2 8 1 Newton 11 1 North Adams 5 North At.t.lehoro 1 1 Norwood 28 28 3 2 6 1 36 36 1 Peahody 4 Pinphnrst. 7 4 Plymouth 5 J 1 Quincy 8 7 1 1 13 9 2 10 6 1 18 1 Salem 52 1 1 8 1 14 Somerville 6 1 Springfield... .. 101 2 27 2 Stoughton 1 Turners Falls 10 Waltham 15 10 West. Springfield 51 30 1 Weymouth 10 1 Worcester . 62 4 2 18 2 42 4 Michigan Albion 1 3 Battle Creek 10 2 1 18 4 1 15 15 2 Bay City 8 UPTlt^Tl Harbor 2 8 1 Dearborn 9 5 1 9 11 2 4 3 Detroit _ _ _ 74 18 6 266 110 28 1,445 125 80 115 6 Dowagiae 3 F, scan a ha 5 1 9 1 10 l F/Ssexville 5 1 2 Fprndftlp 6 15 6 3 2 Flint 14 2 15 8 2 9 1 Qrand Rapids 49 4 3 8 12 8 3 45 9 FT am tram ck 5 1 4 18 1 Hazel Park 4 FT i gh lan d Park 10 9 2 4 2 Inkster 8 1 1 Jackson 17 7 3 5 5 2 21 Kalamazoo. . . 13 1 See footnotes at end of table. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Table 5.— Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing, partially seeing , special health problems , or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952—53— Continued Hard-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Pupils GG Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary o> X3 o a H Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary i Eh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary X3 O G3 x: o 03 Eh • 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 M ichigan— Continued 24 3 *3 20 1 11 2 i 6 1 1 15 i 30 1 38 7 12 1 4 2 »1 7 1 5 3 i 5 1 Warren Township (P. 0. 3 2 7 i l 2 9 1 9 n Minnesota Austin ... _ _ 12 1 Chisholm 5 10 1 Coleraine 6 8 2 Duluth.. _ 9 4 i 7 10 2 24 2 18 2 Grand Rapids _ 3 1 30 2 Hibbing. . . 14 10 2 1 Minneapolis. - _ 32 20 6 39 36 6 6 9 1 Owatonna 1 Pine River 4 Pipestone 8 »1 St. Cloud _ .... 3 3 1 St. Louis County (P. 0. Proctor) .. _ _ 6 6 *2 St. Paul 31 11 5 37 10 5 53 3 South St. Paul _ 7 1 Mississippi Bay St. Louis 3 Columbus 1 4 Hinds County _ _ .. 1 Laurel 1 1 Natchez _ _ _ 1 Noxubee County _ . 1 Pearl District (P. 0. Jackson) _ _ _ 4 3 2 Missouri Affton. . _ . 10 1 Bayless District (P. 0. St. Louis) . . . 2 3 Clayton . . . 1 Clinton .. _ _ 1 Crystal City ... _ 1 De Soto . . . . 4 1 2 7 Dexter. .. . . . .. 1 n 4 34 Eldon _ . . . . 1 >1 El Dorado Springs _ 1 Hancock Place District (P. 0. Lemay) _ . 1 l i Joplin _ _ _ 14 1 Kansas City _ _ 67 9 3 10 26 3 3 4 214 14 Kirkwood. . _ _ _ 4 6 1 Lee’s Summit _ _ 1 1 1 Lexington _ _ 5 6 3 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 63 Table 5. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing , partially seeing , special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Hard-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils CO Pupils Pupils CO <3 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary o g H Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ui p§ o § Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary <3 rC 03 © Eh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary ■ 2 3 4 a 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 13 Missouri— Continued 2 1 Normandy... . 14 1 12 1 3 16 3 8 x Raytown _ 5 3 55 24 55 3 Springfield _ _ 15 1 University City _ 1 1 Webster Groves.. . 16 1 1 2 3 3 West Plains . . 35 9 1 Montana Butte . . . . 1 10 11 1 Great Falls _ _ 1 Nebraska Grand Island . . . 1 2 1 Newman Grove . . 1 Plattsmouth _ 1 New Hampshire Claremont . 1 1 Concord _ _ _ 10 2 i 1 1 1 2 Dover _ 15 12 1 Goffstown . . _ 3 1 1 Gorham (Union No. 20) . 18 1 Hudson . _ .. 5 1 Manchester _ 15 3 1 12 1 11 1 10 1 Somersworth 6 4 i 1 New Jersey Bayonne _ 11 1 9 2 Bemardsville _ _ 3 4 4 Camden 20 2 Elizabeth _ 9 1 12 6 2 11 1 Hackensack 10 1 Hoboken 9 1 Jersey City _ 12 2 21 2 178 12 41 3 Mil1 burn 1 Montclair _ _ 7 1 Newark 60 3 51 9 « 7 255 8 19 North Bergen 2 9 1 Nutley 10 1 Oaklyn 15 1 Orange 1 Passaic 7 1 Paterson 20 2 Pine Hill 1 3 1 Teaneck 6 2 Trenton 6 1 54 5 222 14 Union 2 1 6 1 Union City 7 1 Vineland 30 2 New Mexico Deming 1 1 Hobbs 1 3 T/»s Cruces 9 Santa Fe 5 1 1 Socorro _ _ 12 4 1 See footnotes at end of table. 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Table 5.-— Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing , partially seeing , special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Hard-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 3 o c3 D e Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary o i Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 3 o C3 QJ e Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 1 ■a O C3 a> ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 New York 29 2 10 26 3 62 3 16 1 9 1 14 1 49 3 88 22 7 45 3 10 1 2 27 1 33 63 8 i 2 11 1 4 3 1 1 5 1 1 2 8 4 1 1 6 6 10 1 2 4 14 1 13 1 14 1 2 i 2 Johnstown _ 7 1 Kenmore _ 11 1 Lackawanna _ . _ 12 1 15 1 Lindenhurst _ 1 6 1 1 Manh asset _ 1 i 1 Mount Vernon _ 12 14 1 3 4 Nassau County— District No. 2 (P. 0. Mineola).. N ewburgh _ 27 12 2 11 1 5 2 New Rochelle _ 14 4 i 1 New York City 1, 154 84 105 4, 653 50 301 437 494 31 Niagara Falls _ 11 1 3 Oneida _ _ 2 Patchogue 1 1 i 2 Port- Jeryis 1 i 1 Poughkeepsie _ 12 1 Rochester _ 22 2 40 3 21 2 Rockville Centre . 1 Saranac Lake _ 2 l 1 10 1 Saugerties _ 1 U 16 1 Scarsdale _ - 4 i 1 Schenectady _ 12 1 16 1 Syracuse _ 21 8 2 21 3 2 14 9 1 Utica _ 37 9 13 1 23 2 Watertown _ _ 56 4 Yates County (P. 0. Branchport) _ 14 Yonkers _ _ 80 87 3 17 9 2 29 12 3 North Carolina Asheville _ 6 1 Charlotte _ _ 7 5 1 5 5 1 6 1 Durham City _ .. 13 Elizabeth City . . 4 1 2 6 Elkin _ 1 2 2 Greene County _ _ 3 Greensboro _ . 14 1 1 Guilford County . . 12 Hendersonville _ 2 1 Hickory _ _ _ 77 2 i 1 Hoke County _ _ 1 2 3 10 1 Jackson County _ _ 1 2 Johnston County _ _ 9 8 Jones County _ _ 2 Lenoir County _ __ 2 2 3 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 65 Table 5. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing , partially seeing , special health problems , or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Hard-op-Heanric Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils CO Pupils CO Pupils co Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary S-. © o 03 © E-1 Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary CD O 03 © E-| Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary © -a o 3 Eh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Fh © x: 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 North Carolina— Con. New Hanover County 45 2 13 1 2 5 10 6 14 9 3 1 2 1 2 7 1 27 2 2 2 5 1 North Dakota 2 Minot. _ _ . _ 1 2 Valley City _ 3 1 Ohio Akron . . . . 15 1 32 5 2 36 * 5 61 5 Alliance . . 15 1 Ashtabula _ _ 10 7 1 Barberton _ _ 10 4 1 15 1 Bedford 2 1 Campbell 7 l 1 Canton _ 11 1 18 1 Cincinnati _ 37 2 4 71 5 5 15 1 Cleveland. . _ 60 3 164 118 16 23 18 4 Cleveland Heights _ .. 13 13 2 10 1 Clinton County _ 1 Columbus . . 15 1 30 7 2 Dayton . _ _ 20 8 3 40 4 Dennison 7 i 1 East Cleveland _ _ 11 2 1 14 1 Elyria. _ _ _ 17 1 Euclid 1 18 8 3 Franklin . . . 1 2 Fremont . . . 8 1 Hamilton . 16 1 Hillsboro _ 3 1 1 Ironton 8 1 Kent 1 i 1 Lake County 10 i 1 Lakewood 2 1 Lancaster _ _ _ _ 3 1 1 Lima 15 1 Lorain city 7 2 1 Mansfield 21 9 3 2 12 1 Maple Heights 1 3 1 Marietta _ 13 1 Marion . 12 1 Martins Ferry _ _ 16 1 Miami County 12 1 Middletown 9 3 11 2 12 2 Newark 13 1 11 1 Niles 11 1 North Canton 1 1 Oak Harbor 14 2 1 Orrville 55 i 1 Portsmouth . . ... 11 1 17 1 Salem .. . . . . 75 10 1 Sandusky city _ 1(5 i See footnotes at end of table. 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 5. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing, partially seeing, special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Habd-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils co Pupils CO 3 xz © s E-1 Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary <3 1 o> E-* Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary s a> Eh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary s & o c3 © E H Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Ohio— Continued 4 2 i 1 10 1 11 9 2 10 9 1 11 1 Toledo .. _ _ 24 2 65 6 14 11 2 20 1 1 i 1 2 i 1 22 2 39 19 3 24 2 7 16 i 1 Oklahoma 2 15 1 3 10 1 5 1 1 Oklahoma City _ _ 16 1 48 3 20 20 2 Ponca City _ 1 2 4 10 1 Sand Springs 12 13 Shawnee _ - _ 48 i 1 Sulphur _ 4 Tulsa 21 13 35 10 3 1 6 1 Oregon A lbany _ 4 1 1 1 1 A shland 1 4 1 1 Astoria 25 10 Bend 3 Coos Bay _ _ 2 1 20 1 Coquille 1 Corvallis 3 1 Crook County 1 3 i 1 3 i 1 Crowfoot District (P. 0. Lebanon) 1 Eugene 5 3 i 1 Forest Grove _ 3 1 1 Grants Bass 5 i 1 Gresham 11 3 i 2 Hermiston 2 1 2 4 1 i 1 3 Klamath Falls 3 1 5 3 5 1 i 1 LaGrande 2 1 2 4 1 Lebanon . _ 4 6 2 2 7 3 1 Lineoln County 2 2 1 McMinnville . _ 5 1 Milwanlrie 1 1 Myrtle Creek 19 3 1 Myrtle Point 2 3 2 Newberg 1 2 Portland 115 31 13 11 1 Redmond 1 1 2 Sandy 3 4 1 Springfield 20 Sweet Home 3 3 Tillamook 3 2 2 8 i 1 West Linn 1 4 Pennsylvania Aliquippa 3 1 Allentown 37 2 29 1 Rerlrs County 10 1 12 Bethlehem 9 2 1 49 9 2 Bucks County . 19 1 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 67 Table 5.— Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing , partially seeing , special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Hard-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary x: o C3 fH Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary XX o 03 £ Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary <8 XX o 03 £ Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary XX o ce & H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Pennsylvania— Con . 10 8 46 i 2 1 2 1 8 1 8 1 2 Clearfield-Elk Counties (P. 0. Clearfield) .. 3 i 1 6 1 6 1 10 3 2 14 7 2 16 1 18 1 Farrell _ 12 1 9 1 23 2 4 5 1 17 1 15 2 8 1 4 i 1 11 4 3 2 10 1 28 4 Lower Merlon Township (P. 0. Ardmore) 9 1 Mount Lebanon 5 1 Nanticoke . 11 3 2 Philadelphia . 223 22 176 19 16 Phoenixville 10 1 Pittsburgh 14 1 36 2 34 2 Reading 28 2 85 5 Scranton _ 2 12 15 2 Shamokin 8 1 West Chester .. 11 1 Wilkes-Barre 12 14 2 30 1 Rhode Island Central Falls . 1 4 6 1 9 Pawtucket... 1 30 3 Providence .. 51 20 4 14 8 2 10 Warwick. 8 1 South Carolina ■Charleston 40 12 1 11 1 • Columbia... . . . . Harts ville _ 2 Sumter . . 8 4 1 Victor Mills (P. 0. Ly¬ man) 16 1 4 York 6 1 1 South Dakota W atertown 2 Tennessee Chattanooga 13 9 2 14 8 2 Dickson County 86 1 .Jackson 11 1 Knoxville 11 5 1 Lebanon 2 Maury County 6 1 32 1 Memphis 17 1 3 2 14 1 Nashville 36 2 1 6 12 2 Oak Ridge 60 4 11 1 9 1 Putman County 5 ■Sweetwater . . 5 1 3 See footnotes at end of table. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-5 4 Table 5. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing, partially seeing, special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952—53—— Continued Hard-of-Hearing J Partially Seeing Special Health Prorlems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils GO Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary (•4 © x: o 03 © Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary © ■s s Sh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary © •d © $ h Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 55 -a 03 © ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Texas 3 4 1 5 1 14 1 31 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 18 1 1 6 1 3 5 3 1 8 1 2 5 1 2 2 3 5 4 3 1 1 1 Brady . _ 1 8 2 1 5 3 9 1 1 8 Bryan _ 1 Canyon _ _ _ 1 3 3 Carizzo Springs _ _ 4 18 1 3 Carthage _ 9 17 4 Childress _ 14 1 Clarksville _ 18 1 Comanche _ _ 1 1 4 1 Commerce. _ 1 1 2 Como . . _ 4 1 1 Connally District (P. 0. Waco) . . . 2 4 1 Corpus Christi . . 65 12 1 Cunningham _ _ 3 2 2 1 4 2 Daingerfield _ _ 3 2 2 1 Dalhart.. . . 5 1 Dallas _ _ _ 98 2 19 2 Decatur. _ 2 1 Dumas . . . . 1 East Lamar District (P. 0. Paris) . . . . 4 Edgcwood city . . 1 Edinburg _ _ _ 2 4 1 Electra . . . _* 1 5 6 Elkhart _ _ _ 6 9 1 1 1 3 El Paso _ 5 1 Evant . . . 1 3 Fort Worth _ _ 6 3 11 1 7 9 1 Fredericksburg _ 8 5 Gainesville. . . . 1 Galena Park _ 5 2 Galveston _ _ 8 3 6 1 Gonzales _ 4 5 Grand Saline _ 2 1 5 Grapeland.. . 1 1 15 1 Harlingen.. . . 5 3 1 Henderson _ _ 2 1 Hereford.. _ _ _ 1 1 Honey Grove _ _ 1 14 Houston . . . . 124 14 4 34 10 4 22 1 30 2 Jasper . _ 3 Kilgore _ 1 2 Killeen... . . . . 1 2 1 Lexington _ 5 2 4 Lindale. _ _ 2 2 1 Littlefield . . 1 1 Lockhart _ 1 4 2 1 . See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 69 Table 5. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing, partially seeing, special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Hard-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils W Pupils CC Pupils Pupils Ele- men tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary © x: c3 © Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary © © 8 Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary rC © flS © h Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary © o 3 E- » 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Texas— Continued 4 2 1 Lovelady _ _ 4 4 Lubbock . 2 4 1 Lufkin _ _ 1 Malakoff . . 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 4 3 3 10 1 3 1 4 8 2 3 1 2 1 Midland _ 5 1 i 1 1 4 North Fannin District (P. 0. Ivanhoe) — . 2 7 l 14 1 Orange _ _ - 12 !3 2 Palestine _ _ 10 2 6 Pasadena _ _ _ 7 Pearsall _ 2 2 1 Pewitt District (P. 0. Omaha) _ 2 1 Pharr _ 2 5 5 i Phillips . . . 1 4 15 l Pleasant Grove District (P. 0. Dallas) _ 15 Pleasanton _ 1 1 Port Arthur _ 7 1 4 Red River County _ 4 Rin TTrmdo 1 1 1 San Angelo . _ 3 2 6 1 4 San Antonio _ _ 25 2 1 3 1 1 1 12 San Augustine _ 4 2 12 6 1 San Marcos _ 1 3 3 2 Seguin _ _ 3 Seminole 1 Sherman . 2 South Park District (P. O Reanmont) 3 1 2 Sulphur Springs 6 i 1 8 i 1 Temple _ _ 1 1 4 4 15 1 Terrell 4 3 Texarkana _ 7 14 20 1 Texas City 1 2 1 Troup 2 3 Tulia 16 1 Tyler 3 4 2 Van 3 2 2 2 1 Vidor 1 1 2 Waco - _ -- 5 4 12 1 14 1 Wellington 9 7 W eslaeo 1 1 W'ehita Falls 10 1 Wills Point 1 1 1 TVisp County 3 8 Utah Ogden 1 4 pjVIt T'ftke City 47 6 1 Vermont Barre _ _ 2 > 1 See footnotes at end of table. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Table 5. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing, partially seeing, special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53— Continued 1 Hard-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils W Pupils c n Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary o> X o g Eh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Sg XI o as o> Eh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary <£> o 8 Eh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary * 2 a> ■8 as © Eh i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 13 Virginia 31 1 12 1 Danville _ 2 10 •3 25 1 Norfolk 20 3 1 13 1 9 2 i 1 9 21 i 2 11 5 i 1 16 2 36 24 5 39 3 8 1 4 6 3 30 4 1 32 2 Washington 6 28 1 26 4 I 3 3 9 5 3 5 3 3 1 1 Ellensburg... 1 1 2 Enumclaw... 3 1 Everett _ 18 1 8 1 3 Highline District (P. 0. Seattle) _ _ _ 8 5 17 1 Kirkland. . 8 l 2 2 11 1 Longview... 70 15 7 1 Mount Vernon . . 5 4 6 1 7 Olympia _ _ _ _ 1 i 1 2 Renton _ 20 15 1 3 Richland _ 8 2 5 7 1 Seattle. . 48 6 3 34 12 5 8 1 Snohomish _ 2 2 1 2 1 Spokane _ 51 4 5 10 1 2 i 2 32 3 Tacoma _ 19 1 14 1 11 1 Vancouver _ 8 1 4 4 1 Walla Walla . . . 2 Yakima _ _ 11 1 8 2 1 West Virginia Cabell County . . . 12 1 Hancock County _ 9 l Kanawha County _ 12 1 Ohio County _ 33 *3 Wisconsin Antigo _ _ _ 1 1 1 3 1 Appleton _ 6 7 J Beloit _ _ _ 8 J Clintonville _ _ . 2 Dane County— West (P. 0. Mount Horeb) _ 52 8 1 Eau Claire _ . _ 6 1 10 1 8 1 Fort Atkinson _ 11 1 Green Bay _ _ 9 7 1 9 1 Green County... . . 2 Jefferson County _ 3 1 Kenosha city. _ _ 2 10 2 1 19 4 2 La Crosse _ 20 2 2 2 8 1 Madison _ 15 1 13 1 58 9 1 Marinette _ 3 Marshfield _ 2 Milwaukee city . 156 21 1 49 1 3 40 2 Oshkosh . . . . 13 3 2 12 2 1 15 2 5 l i Port W ashington _ _ 4 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 71 Table 5.— -Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are hard-of-hearing , partially seeing, special health problems, or severely mentally retarded, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Hard-of-Hearing Partially Seeing Special Health Problems Severely Men¬ tally Retarded Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Pupils GO Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary a; o C3 CD Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary <5 X o a (H Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 1 1 Eh Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary CD & O 8 Eh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Wisconsin— Continued Racine city.... 15 2 8 1 1 Rice Lake 2 2 1 Ripon 1 Sheboygan city . 3 5 Shell Lake 1 1 1 Shorewood 8 1 Stevens Point 12 i 22 2 Superior 7 1 6 5 3 2 Wausau 9 1 West Bend 6 U Wood County 1 Wyoming Laramie 7 1 Rock Spring.*? 3 1 District of Columbia Washington 71 25 4 32 22 37 18 2 1 2 1 1 Part-time only. 2 Includes 7 part-time teachers, s Includes 1 part-time teacher. * Includes 8 part-time teachers. » Includes 3 part-time teachers. • Includes 2 part-time teachers. 7 Includes 5 part-time teachers. 8 Includes 4 part-time teachers. 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 6. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are deaf , blind, or mentally gifted, by place: 1952-53 [A teacher serving more than one type of exceptional child is reported only with the type to which she devotes the major portion of her time] Deaf Blind Mentally Gifted Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Alabama 107 3 5 1 Montgomery city (See Montgomery 10 1 Arizona 1 Girt ha 1 Arkansas 1 California 14 i 4 Berkeley 1 2 Burlingame 19 3 Campbell 9 1 Compton 37 3 Eureka 1 2 Fresno city 10 1 9 1 Fresno County 5 10 1 Glendale g 1 Hawthorne 7 1 Long Beach 37 6 » 6 13 2 1 2 Los Angeles city 238 127 41 59 57 11 Modesto _ - 20 *1 Norwalk 2 Oakland 53 18 9 Pasadena 7 7 3 2 Porterville 7 3 1 Sacramento city 16 2 8 1 San \nselmo 11 2 2 San Benito County 6 3 San Diego city 54 6 6 13 1 San Francisco 50 2 6 10 2 San Jose 16 3 2 San Leandro 7 1 Santa Ana 12 1 Santa Clara County 7 1 Santa Cruz County 16 3 Santa Monica 7 1 Santa Rosa 5 1 Sunnyvale 1 Temple City 8 1 Tulare County 32 3 WLsebum District (P. 0. Haw¬ thorne) 9 2 Connecticut West Haven 1 Delaware Wilmington 6 1 Florida Broward County 6 1 Dade County.. .. .. _ _ _ 47 10 6 17 10 15 2 Miami (See Dade County) Palm Beach County . . 6 1 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 73 Table 6. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are deaf , blind , or mentally gifted, by place: 1952-53 — Continued Deaf Blind Mentally Gifted Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Georgia Atlanta . . . 41 6 7 1 Bibb County . . . 4 Moultrie _ _ _ 2 1 Illinois Arlington Heights. _ _ _ _ . 1 3 1 Bloomington-N ormal . 6 1 4 1 Chicago _ _ _ _ 305 66 46 77 20 10 East St. Louis.. . . 7 1 Elgin . . . 4 3 1 Evanston.. 11 2 2 Highland Park _ 1 1 Kendall County.. . . . 1 1 Maywood . . . . 2 10 1 Oaklawn . . . 1 Oak Park _ _ _ 1 Pekin _ _ _ _ 5 1 Peoria . . 18 2 Rockford. . 12 3 2 Springfield _ 5 Winnetka . . . 4 1 1 Indiana Indianapolis.. . . . . . 45 2 Muncie _ _ _ 6 New Castle _ _ _ 2 Noblesville.. . 3 South Bend... . . 45 85 6 Iowa Cedar Rapids . 4 1 Des Moines... .. 26 3 Humboldt city . . . 1 Knoxville. 2 Lyon-O’Brien-Osceola Counties (P. 0. Sheldon) . 1 Sheldon . . . . 1 Sioux City . . . 7 3 1 Kentucky Louisville 57 10 6 Magoffin County . 1 Louisiana New Orleans 5 1 Maine Biddeford . . . . 8 Brunswick... . 1 Saco _ 1 Maryland Baltimore city 57 5 Harford County 1 3 1 Massachusetts Andover 1 Attleboro 3 Boston 106 10 a 21 3 1 Brockton 44 2 Brookline . . . . . 2 See footnotes at end of table. 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195 2-54 Table 6. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are deaf , blind , or mentally gifted , by place: 1952-53— Continued Deaf Bund Mentally Gifted Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mass achusetts— Continued 1 1 4 5 1 1 1 4 2 1 40 2 1 Springfield. . _ _ 8 1 3 3 14 3 395 26 Michigan 4 1 9 3 2 2 1 19 6 2 7 4 1 Detroit _ 224 23 36 33 8 8 Escanaba - _ _ _ - 3 Femdale _ 17 4 2 3 Grand Rapids . _ 13 2 2 2 Inkster _ _ _ _ _ 1 Jackson 2 87 3 Kalamazoo 32 4 10 1 Muskegon _ _ 13 1 Saginaw.. _ _ _ 19 2 St. Johns . _ _ 6 3 1 Traverse City _ . _ 10 1 Wayne . _ _ 1 2 Ypsilanti 25 4 Minnesota Duluth.. . ... _ _ _ 11 4 2 6 6 2 2 Minneapolis _ _ 43 20 6 26 14 5 St. Cloud... _ _ 1 1 Mississippi Bay St. Louis _ 1 Missouri De Soto _ _ _ _ _ 1 Overland _ _ _ _ _ 8 1 1 St. Louis _ _ 71 10 Nebraska Lincoln _ _ _ _ 14 2 SoottsblufL. 15 1 New Hampshire Manchester _ _ 2 New Jersey Bayonne .. 5 1 Elizabeth _ _ 10 2 1 Glassboro _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 3 1 Jersey City _ 18 2 6 1 Newark _ _ 113 * 20 20 i 5 North Bergen _ 1 3 * 1 Paterson _ 16 2 10 1 Union . . . . 6 See footnotes at end of table. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 75 Table 6. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are deaf , blind , or mentally gifted , by place: 1952-53 — Continued Deaf Blind Mentally Gifted Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers • 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 New York Buffalo.. . . . . . . 10 1 6 2 1 Hicksville _ . 1 4 4 New York City _ _ _ 91 18 12 1, 350 47 19,084 * 826 Niagara Palls _ _ _ 2 23 1 1 1 3 1 Suffolk County— District No. 3 (P. 28 2 11 1 Westchester County— District No. 2 (P. 0. Ardsley) 2 1 1 North Carolina 1 Salisbury _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 Ohio Akron .. _ 38 3 Bedford . . . 43 22 1 Canton _ _ _ _ 20 10 3 Cincinnati _ 48 7 8 18 4 3 Cleveland . . . . 133 > 19 23 17 3 1, 021 31 Columbus _ 42 8 5 Dayton _ _ _ _ 81 10 9 East Cleveland _ _ _ _ 46 6 4 7 Elyria. _ _ 10 1 Fremont . 20 8 3 Kent 12 1 Lakewood . 1 Portsmouth . . 7 1 Steubenville 8 1 Sylvan ia 6 Toledo 48 5 Y oungstown 65 7 4 5 1 Zanesville 11 * 2 Oregon Corvallis . . . . 1 1 31 Gresham 3 Lebanon 12 6 Myrtle Oreek 1 Portland _ _ 44 11 7 12 5 1 Tillamook . . 10 Pennsylvania Allentown. . _ 90 3 Armstrong County _ _ g 8 Butler County. . _ 1 Corry. 10 3 1 Erie City 20 2 2 Pittsburgh 180 3 4 Sharon 3 Rhode Island Central Falls 1 South Carolina Columbia 1 Tennessee Nashville . . . . 8 1 See footnotes at end of table. 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table 6. — Enrollment in special schools and classes and number of teachers for children who are deaf , blind , or mentally gifted , by place: 1952—53 — Continued Deaf Blind Mentally Gifted Place or administrative unit Pupils Pupils Pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Teach¬ ers < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Texas 2 2 Bonham . . 2 2 5 1 Daingerfield . . . . . 1 Dallas . . . . . 16 2 8 1 9 1 El Paso ~ _ _ _ 3 Fort Worth 24 3 5 1 1 19 3 5 1 1 McAllen . . . . . 1 11 2 Pleasanton. . . . 1 1 Spring Branch District (P. 0. Houston) . 2 1 1 WilJs Point . . . . 2 Yantis . . . . 1 Virginia Norfolk.. 14 Richmond . . _ . 6 1 Washington Bremerton _ _ _ _ 2 2 Clarkston _ 1 Kirkland _ _ _ 3 Renton . . 2 3 Seattle . . . . . 46 10 6 14 1 2 Tacoma . . . . 7 Vancouver.. _ 2 1 5 Yakima _ _ _ 8 2 West Virginia Cabell County . . . 10 See footnotes at end of table. Wisconsin Appleton . 11 Eau Claire. . . . . 18 3 Fond du Lac . . . . 5 1 Green Bay . . . . . 28 6 i 5 2 1 Green County.. 1 Jefferson County. _ _ _ 2 Kenosha city . . . . 6 1 Madison. _ _ _ 30 4 Milwaukee city _ 82 51 16 13 1 1 Milwaukee County . . . 21 3 Oshkosh 21 2 Racine city... . . . . 3 Shorewood.. . . . . . 13 2 Stevens Point . . . 24 2 3 Superior . . . . . 3 3 2 2 Wausau . . . 34 4 1 District of Columbia W ashington . . . . 79 4 1 Includes 2 part-time teachers. 2 Includes 1 part-time teacher. 3 Part-time only. * Includes 5 part-time teachers. 5 Includes 195 part-time teachers. 6 Includes 3 part-time teachers. SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 77 ?ora RSE-K53) DEPARTMENT OF Budg.t But.au No. 51-&163.1 HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Approval oiplroo: 12/31/53 Office of Education Washington 25, D. C. STATISTICS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN (City or county unit) Information supplied by: _ (Name) _ (Title) _ (Date) PLEASE RETURN ONLY THE ADDRESSED COPY TO THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION. RETAIN OTHER COPY FOR YOUR FILES If NO special schools or special classes for exceptional children are conducted in your school system, please check here 1 [, and return the form at once to the Office of Education. Dear Superintendent: Widespread interest exists in the growth of programs of special education for exceptional children. The last study by the Office of Education on special schools and classes for exceptional children was for the school year 1947-48. In order to continue our established series in this field, we are requesting you to let us have the information called for on the reverse side of this page. May we request that you or one of your assistants fill out the form promptly? This will enable us to publish the findings at an early date. An envelope, requiring no postage, is enclosed for your convenience in returning the report to us. Your cooperation will be deeply appreciated. Sincerely yours, Herbert S. Conrad, Chief, Research and Statistical Standards (PLEASE TURN THE PAGE) 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Porn KSE-H53) _ Office of Education - General Directions — - 1. If a teacher serves mere than one type of exceptional child, Include the teacher only In the one group to which she devotes the major portion of her time. 2. Children In ungraded special classes In a regular school should be classified as "elementary” if the class is part of an elementary school, and "secondary" if part of a secondary school. Children enrolled in a special school or receiving Instruction at home or at a hospital should be classified as "elementary" or "secondary" accord* log to their level of Instruction. 3. Where separate schools are maintained for white and Hegro pupils, please report the combined total for the group. Type Number of pupils classified as -- Number of teachers Elementary Secondary Full-time In special education Part-time In special education SECTION A — In reporting number of pupils In this section, please re¬ port the number who are members of special schools or classes £t the date when this form is filled out (or as close to this date ze con- venient) . Do not include children taught at home or in a hospital; these should be reported in Section B below. Instruction in special schools or special classes for the — 1. BLIND . 2. PARTIALLY SEEING . 3. DEAP . 4. BARD OP HEARING . 5. SPEECH DEFECTIVE (Include only those receiving special correc¬ tive work. Do not include general speech improvement class?*.). 0. CRIPPLED (Including cerebral palsy) . 7. SPECIAL HEALTH PROBLEMS (tuberculosis, epilepsy, cardiac and other below-par conditions.) . 8. TRUANT, DELINQUENT, OR MALADJUSTED . 9. EDUCABLE MENTALLY RETARDED (In general. Include those in special schools or classes for pupils with IQ's below about 75 or 80, but above 50. Exclude low sections' In the usual ability group¬ ings. ) . 10. SEVERELY MENTALLY RETARDED (Generally those with IQ's below about SO.) . 11. MENTALLY GIFTED (Report only those in special schools or classes. Do not Include high sections in the usual ability groupings.).. TOTAL (Items 1-11) . SECTION B. — In reporting number of children In this section, please report the total number taught at hose or Id hospitals during the full previous school rear . 1951-52. 13. lastructloa la the HOME . 13. Instruction la B08PITALB, SANITORIA , and CONVALESCENT HOMES 0. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1914 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1952-54 Chapter 6 Statistics of Public-School LIBRARIES 1953-54 E)UC EL BE ation Highlights The first library school graduate was appointed as a high school librarian in 1900. The total number of public elementary and secondary school librarians employed in 1953-54 was 30,753. Of these, 15,971 were pro¬ fessionally trained librarians, and 14,782 had little or no library training. The total number of volumes in use in public-school libraries in 1953- 54 was 102,915,052. The average number of volumes available per pupil enrolled was 4.80. There were 9,609,949 volumes added to the libraries of public elemen¬ tary and secondary schools in 1953-54, an average of 0.45 books per pupil enrolled. The expenditures for public school books and pamphlets, periodicals and newspapers, audio-visual materials, binding and rebinding in 1953-54 were $25,222,207. The average expenditure per pupil enrolled was $1.05. On the basis of a comparable dollar value, the expenditure for books and pamphlets only, in 1953-54, was 74 cents per pupil enrolled, or 5 cents less than the comparable value (79 cents) spent in 1941-42. In 1953-54, 47 percent of the public elementary and secondary schools in the U. S. received library service from classroom collections only; 36 percent received service from centralized libraries; and 11 percent of the schools received service designated as “any other type of library service.” Only 5 percent of all schools reported no library service. No library facilities were available for 974,000, or about 4 percent of the pupils. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1952-54 Chapter 6 Statistics of Public -School Libraries 1953-54 Text prepared by Nora E. Beust, Specialist , School and Children’s Libraries, Library Services Branch, Educational Services, and Emery M. Foster, Head , Reports and Analysis Unit, Research and Statistical Services Branch. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Marion B. Folsom, Secretary Office of Education • Lawrence G. Derthick, Commissioner Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 1952-54 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1952-54: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1953-54. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1953-54. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1953-54. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1953-54. Chapter 5. Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children, 1952-53. Chapter 6. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1953-54. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 cents Contents Page Foreword . v Introduction . 1 Librarians . 5 Schools Served by Librarians . 15 Types of library service . 15 Book stock . 24 Expenditures . 29 Comparison of some 1953-54, 1947-48, and 1941-42 data . 33 Summary . 35 Appendix A. — Sampling Technique . 63 Appendix B. — Forms used in collecting data . 68 Appendix C. — List of other publications of the Office of Education con¬ taining statistics on school libraries . 73 Text Tables Page A. Number of schools in systems, number of schools served by libra¬ rians, and number of librarians by training and amount of time spent in libraries, by level of school served, by region: 1953-54 . 6 B. Number and percent of librarians by level of schools served, in city and county and rural systems: 1953-54 . 7 C. Number and percent of librarians by training and by level of schools served, by city size group and county and rural systems: 1953-54 . 9 D. Number and percent of librarians by training and amount of time spent in school libraries, by region: 1953-54 . 14 E. Number and percent of schools served by librarians, by educational level for city and county rural school systems: 1953-54 . 15 F. Number of schools with library service, by type of service and educational level, by region: 1953-54 . 17 G. Number of schools and number and percent by type of library service, by region: 1953-54 . 20 H. Number and percent of pupils with library service, by type of service and educational level, by city and county and rural systems : 1953-54 . 21 I. Enrollment in schools with library service, by educational level, by population group: 1953-54 . 22 IV CONTENTS J. Percent of pupils receiving various types of library service, by level of education and population group: 1953-54 . 23 K. Number of pupils and number and percent with library service, by type of service, by region: 1953-54 . 24 L. Number and percent of volumes at end of year by type of service and educational level, for city and county and rural systems: 1953-54 . 25 M. Enrollment and volumes at end of year in schools with library service by type of service and educational level, by population group: 1953-54 . 27 N. Number of pupils, number of volumes and average number of vol¬ umes per pupil in school systems reporting volumes, by type of library service, by region: 1953-54 . 28 O. School library expenditure by purpose and per pupil expenditure, by population group: 1953-54 . 29 P. Expenditure for school libraries, purpose, amount, percentage dis¬ tribution, and per pupil expenditure for school systems report¬ ing, 1953-54 . 30 Q. Expenditure for school libraries, amount and percent by purpose, by region: 1953-54 . 32 Basic Tables 1. Number of systems, enrollment, and volumes in schools with library service, by region and State: 1953-54 . 38 2. Total number of schools and number served by librarians, by educa¬ tional level, by region and State: 1953-54 . 39 3. Number of schools in systems, number of schools served by libra¬ rians, and number of librarians by training and amount of time spent in libraries, by region and State: 1953-54 . 40 4. Number of schools with library service by type of service and educa¬ tional level, by region and State: 1953-54 . 42 5. Enrollment in schools with library service by type of service and educational level, by region and State: 1953-54 . 44 6. Enrollment and volumes in schools with library service by educa¬ tional level and type of service, by region and State : 1953-54 . 46 7. School library expenditure by purpose and per pupil expenditure, by region and State: 1953-54 . 48 8. Comparative data for expenditures, number of librarians and num¬ ber of schools with centralized libraries in 267 city school systems reporting, by city size group: 1941-42, 1947-48 and 1953-54 . 50 Foreword THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is one of a series of periodic statistical reports on public- school libraries in the United States. Previous reports in the series have covered the school years 1934-35, 1941-42, and 1947-48. The present report differs from the three preceding studies in that partial use was made of a sampling pro¬ cedure to obtain the data from superintendents of schools of city, county and rural systems. Adjustment was made for nonresponse by school systems. The sampling pro¬ cedure and method of adjustment are described in the text of this report. The previous reports in the series have proved useful to school administrators, librarians, professional associ¬ ations and others interested in the development and administration of public-school libraries, as well as to publishers and manufacturers concerned with furnish¬ ing public-school libraries with books, audio-visual mate¬ rials, furniture, equipment and supplies. Included in this report is an interpretation of the data obtained together with: (1) text tables; (2) summary tables of basic data; and (3) table of comparison of some 1953-54, 1947-48, and 1941-42 school library data. The Office of Education is grateful to the superintend¬ ents of schools, supervisors of school libraries, and school librarians who supplied the data on which the present report is based. Without their excellent cooperation, this report could not have been prepared. The statistical reports in this study were edited and the data tabulated by Mary M. Willhoite, Survey Statistician, assisted by Helen J. Conway. Esther Burrin served as a consultant in the early stages of the study. Mabel C. Rice, Supervisory Survey Statistician, Research and Statistical Services Section, prepared the statement on sampling technique. Hazel C. Poole, Statistical Services Section, assisted in the preparation of statistical data. The study was prepared under the general direction of Ralph M. Dunbar, Director, Library Services Branch, and Herbert S. Conrad, Acting Assistant Commissioner for Research. Herbert S. Conrad Acting Assistant Commissioner for Research Ralph M. Dunbar Director, Library Services Branch Statistics of Public- School Libraries, 1953-1954 Introduction THE PRESENT STUDY of public-school libraries was under¬ taken to obtain some factual information on the status of public- school libraries in the continental United States for the school year 1953-54. The study is the fourth in a series of separate compilations of school library statistics begun by the Office of Education with Statistics of Public-School Libraries , 193U-35.X Preparatory to the formulation of the questionnaire for public- school library statistics, 1953-54, a study was made of the number of States in which State agencies collect school library data, the specific agency that collects the data, the frequency of collec¬ tions, and the categories that appear most frequently on the statistical forms used by the States. The findings indicated that public-school library data are col¬ lected in 37 States by State departments of education and in 3 States by State libraries. The frequency for collecting school library data is : annual, 38 States ; biennial, 1 State ; every 5 years, 1 State; no data collected, 7 States. Information was not avail¬ able from 1 State. An analysis of the categories appearing on State agency forms shows that the following categories were used by more than 10 States : Number of Category States using Enrollment . 27 Number of periods in a school day . 14 Name of librarian . 33 Full-time librarians . 23 Teacher-librarians . 23 Training of librarians . 32 Number of librarians serving secondary schools . 27 Number of librarians serving elementary schools . 17 1 See Appendix C., p. 73, for a list of publications of the U. S. Office of Education on statistics of school libraries. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Number of Category States using Number of librarians serving both elementary and secondary schools . 17 Total number of librarians employed . 16 Total number of school libraries . 18 Number of elementary libraries . 12 Number of student assistants . 12 Location of the library . 17 Number of hours the library is available to students . 16 Seating capacity of the reading room . 17 Library used as a study hall . 12 Records kept in library . 25 Total number of volumes in the school library . 28 Total number of volumes added to the school library since last report . 17 Total number of volumes withdrawn since last report . 12 Number of reference books . 16 Standard Catalog for High School Libraries . 11 Number of periodicals (titles) received . 25 File for pictures, clippings, etc . 13 Instruction in the use of the library . 19 Appropriation for library . 13 Expenditures for library . 32 A tentative form for collecting public-school library data was formulated on the basis of the study of the State forms together with a study of the basic items on library information contained in the handbook, The Common Core of State Educational Infor¬ mation.2 This study was conducted at the request of the National Council of Chief State School Officers as a cooperative project by the Office of Education with State and Territorial depart¬ ments of education. The objectives of the study were to list the common core of items of educational information that every State department of education should have available annually, define the items, and make a glossary of individual terms used in the definitions. A copy of the tentative form was then sent to the State agen¬ cies that collect library data, for their comments in relation to the schools of their respective States. The tentative form was revised on the basis of comments received from the State agen¬ cies, the statistical committee of the American Association of 2 U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. The Common Core of State Educational Information. Compiled by Paul L. Reason, Emery M. Foster and Robert F. Will under the direction of Fred F. Beach. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1953. (State Educational Records and Reports Series: Handbook 1. Bulletin 1953, No. 8). PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 3 School Librarians, supervisors of school libraries and from the following in the Office of Education: Research and Statistical Services Branch, and Library Services Branch together with the assistance of members of the Elementary Schools and Sec¬ ondary Schools Sections. The report blank RSX-73 was the re¬ sult of the combined efforts to devise a form for obtaining data for the current study, Statistics of Public-School Libraries : 19 5 3-5 U. The three previous studies of public-school libraries in this series of separate compilations of library statistics indicated that the data requested were often not available in the offices of the superintendent of schools. Data might have been available in the office of each elementary and secondary school, but such a study would involve the mailing of about 175,000 forms. A project of this size could not be executed by the staff and facilities now available. Securing response to requests for data is most diffi¬ cult in the medium-sized and small city, and county and rural public-school systems. School librarians have long felt the need for a study that would give a more comprehensive coverage of the status of school libraries in the United States than did the previous studies in this series. A sampling study seemed to be the most satisfactory method for securing data that can be used to present the universe of public-school libraries in the United States in 1953-54. The following means were used to obtain the data: The form for the 1953-54 study was sent, together with an accompany¬ ing letter4 in May, 1954, to superintendents of public-schools grouped according to the population of cities into five classifica¬ tions, as reported in the United States Census of 1950, and Group VI, county and rural systems. Some of the counties include both city and rural territory in the school systems, others in¬ clude rural territory only. A follow-up request5 was sent in January, 1955 to the super¬ intendents who did not respond to the questionnaire and a second follow-up letter6 in March, 1955. The partial sampling technique reduced the number of reports 3 See Appendix B., p. 68. 4 See Appendix B., p. 70. 5 See Appendix B., p. 71. 6 See Appendix B.t p. 72. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 to be processed by 43 percent. Of the total number of systems circularized (4,098), reports from 2,830 systems were received and processed. Questionnaires were sent to all of the 100 school systems in Group I (cities of 100,000 population or more, and Arlington County, Va.7), and to all of the 387 school systems in Group II (cities of 25,000 to 99,999 population). Data were received from all the systems in Group I cities and from 346 or 89.44 percent of the systems in Group II cities. In Group III (cities of 10,000 to 24,000 population), Group IY (cities of 5,000 to 9,999 population), and Group V (cities of 2,500 to 4,999 popu¬ lation), the 1,632 systems which responded were used as the basis for calculating the total data for the various library items for each of these three groups. The 2,408 city systems and the 1,690 county and rural systems included in the sample represent approximately 64 percent of all city systems and 50 percent of all county and rural systems. The selection of systems to be included was made on a systematic basis, as explained in the Appendix A, page 63. Under this plan, data were received from 100 percent of the total number of systems in Group I cities; 89.41 percent of the total in Group II; 84.11 percent of the total in Group III; 85.58 percent of the total in Group IV ; 85.03 percent of the total in Group V ; and 44.50 percent of the total in Group VI, county and rural. These data were enlarged to estimate the data for all systems in each group. All returns from superintendents of public schools of city and of county and rural systems were edited in the Office of Education for possible discrepancies, omissions, and misinterpretations. Inquiries were addressed to respondents when necessary. After the forms were edited, the data were punched into IBM cards and tabulated, and the resulting figures were enlarged to get estimated data for all the public-school libraries in the conti¬ nental United States. These enlarged totals are the data used in the basic and text tables which appear with comments and interpretations in the following pages. The tables have been arranged by regions ac¬ cording to the United States Bureau of the Census grouping rather than alphabetically by States, as an aid to administrators in an analysis of the current status of public-school libraries. As certain items in the compilations for 1947-48 and 1941-42 were comparable to those for 1953-54, a table indicating trends has been prepared for those city school systems which reported comparable data for the three periods. (See table 8.) 7 Classed as a city by the Census on a density of population basis. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 5 The public-school library resources surveyed in this compila¬ tion of library statistics are library personnel, type of library service, volumes in library, and library expenditures. A trend in the field of school libraries is the growing interest in elementary school libraries. This can be attributed to devel¬ opments in the philosophy and objectives of the school, research in child growth and development, changes in the curriculum, and changes in the concept of the elementary school library. However, the shortage of professionally-educated elementary school librar¬ ians and lack of classrooms for children of elementary school age continue to delay the full development of the library program in the elementary school. Educators, librarians, and lay members of the community are aware of the importance of the library in the lives of children. Progress is being made on meeting the need for professionally- educated librarians through in-service education programs. Then, too, a vigorous recruitment campaign is being carried on and ad¬ ditional offerings of more realistic programs for the education of school librarians are being made available in teachers colleges. A recent count by the Office of Education shows that nearly 600 institutions of higher learning offer programs for the education of librarians. The total number of school librarians employed in 1953-54 was 30,753 (table A). These librarians served 51,498 schools out of a total of 128,831 schools included in the study. If the total number of librarians could be divided among the schools served, each librarian would serve more than 1 % schools. The shortage of librarians is even greater than the data seem to indicate. It is a common practice, for example, for high schools with large enrollments to employ three or more full-time librarians, and sometimes the large combined elementary and high school plants likewise employ more than one librarian. On the other hand, many elementary schools do not have a librarian employed full time, but instead a number have to share the time of a single librarian. Similarly, counties or a group of rural schools use the services of only one librarian. The great shortage of librarians is still one of the most serious problems in the development of the school library. A distribution of librarians by educational level of school served shows that 11,076 librarians or 36 percent (table B) were employed in elementary schools, 11,393 or 37 percent were em¬ ployed in high schools and 8,284 or 27 percent were employed in combined elementary and high school plants. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table A. — Number of schools in systems, number of schools served by libra¬ rians, and number of librarians by training and amount of time spent in libraries, by level of school served, by region: 1953—54 Item Region Total Northeast North Central South West 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total number of schools in systems _ 128,831 19,150 52,409 43,833 13,439 Schools served by librarians _ _ _ 51,498 5,674 21,213 17,649 6,962 Librarians _ 30,753 3,946 11,396 11,735 3,676 Professionally-trained librarians Elementary schools only: More than half time _ _ — 2,427 254 888 969 316 Half time or less — - 989 58 417 325 189 High schools only: More than half time _ _ 7,146 1,424 1,861 2,775 1,086 Half time or less _ — 1,272 92 632 361 187 Combined elementary and high school plant: More than half time _ _ _ 2,281 394 576 1,263 48 Half time or less__ _ _ _ 1,856 162 831 809 54 Little or no library training Elementary schools only: More than half time - — - - 1,182 87 361 397 337 Half time or less _ _ _ 6,478 502 2,883 2,113 980 High schools only: More than half time _ 973 313 244 304 112 Half time or less.. - - - 2,002 426 621 739 216 Combined elementary and high school plant: More than half time - 818 11 433 367 7 Half time or less _ _ 3,329 223 1,649 1,313 144 NOTE: Data are for all regular, local, public school systems. Returns were adjusted for non¬ response. For details, see text p. 4, Appendix A, p. 63. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 7 Table B shows the number and percent of those employed in city vs. county and rural school systems and employed more than half time and half time or less. Table B. — Number and percent of librarians by level of schools served, in city and county and rural systems: 1953—54 Librarians serving in— Item Total Elemen¬ tary school only High school only Combined elemen¬ tary and high school plant 1 2 3 4 5 Total: Number _ _ _ _ 30,753 11,076 11,393 8,284 Percent _ 100.00 36.01 37.05 26.94 Total: More than half time Number _ _ _ 14,827 3,609 8,119 3,099 Percent. _ _ _ _ _ _ 100.00 24.34 54.76 20.90 Total: Half time or less Number _ _ _ _ 15,926 7,467 3,274 5,185 Percent _ _ 100.00 46.88 20.56 32.56 City systems Total: Number _ __ _ 11,943 4,859 6,524 560 Percent _ 100.00 40.68 54.63 4.69 More than half time Number _ 8,366 2,389 5,585 392 Percent 100.00 28.56 66.76 4.68 Half time or less Number _ __ _ _ 3,577 2,470 939 168 Percent _ _ . 100.00 69.05 26.25 4.70 County and rural systems Total: Number _ _ 18,810 6,217 4,869 25.89 7,724 Percent _ _ 100.00 33.05 41.06 More than half time Number _ 6,461 100.00 1,220 18.88 2,534 2,707 Percent _ _ _ _ _ 39.22 41.90 Half time or less Number.. __ _ _ 12,349 4,997 2,335 5,017 Percent _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 100.00 40.46 18.91 40.63 Of the 11,943 librarians in city systems, 8,366 or 70 percent were employed more than half time, while of the 18,810 librarians in county and rural systems, 6,461 or 34 percent were employed more than half time. The data indicate that city systems employed 70 percent of their librarians more than half time (table C). Almost 50 percent of the elementary school librarians in cities were employed more than half time, as well as 86 percent of the high school librarians and 70 percent of the combined elementary and high school plant librarians. In county and rural systems, 34 percent of their librarians were employed more than half time. Less than 20 percent of the 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 librarians in elementary schools were employed more than half time, more than 52 percent of the librarians in high schools and 35 percent of the librarians in combined elementary and high school plants were employed more than half time. Table C shows the number and percentage distribution of li¬ brarians in elementary, secondary, or combined schools by pro¬ fessional training, and full- or part-time services for each of the six groups of school systems. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 9 Table C. — Number and percent of librarians by training and by level of schools served, by city size group and county and rural systems: 1953—54 [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] System Total Elemen¬ tary school only High school only Combined elemen¬ tary and high school plant 1 2 3 4 5 Total: Number _ _ _ _ _ 30,753 11,076 11,393 8,284 Percent _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Professionally trained More than half time: Number _ _ 11,854 2,427 7,146 2,281 Percent _ _ __ _ _ 38.55 21.91 62.72 27.54 Half time or less: Number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4,117 989 1,272 1,856 Percent _ _ _ 13.39 8.93 11.16 22.40 Little or no library training More than half time: Number _ _ _ 2,973 1,182 973 818 Percent _ .. _ 9.67 10.67 8.54 9.87 Half time or less: Number _ 11,809 6,478 2,002 3,329 Percent _ _ 38.40 58.49 17.57 40.19 City systems — Total: Number _ _ _ _ _ 11,943 4,859 6,524 560 Percent _ __ _ _ __ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Professionally trained More than half time: Number _ _ _ _ 6,971 1,662 4,966 343 Percent _ _ _ _ 58.37 34.20 76.12 61.25 Half time or less: Number _ _ 917 484 370 63 Percent _ _ _ 7.68 9.96 5.67 11.25 Little or no library training More than half time: Number _ _ _ _ _ 1,395 727 619 49 Percent _ _ _ _ _ 11.68 14.96 9.49 8.75 Half time or less: Number _ ... _ _ _ _ _ 2,660 1,986 569 105 Percent _ _ _ 22.27 40.87 8.72 18.75 Group I — Total: Number _ __ _ _ _ 3,364 1,566 1,755 43 Percent _ _ _ _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Professionally trained More than half time: Number _ _ _ _ 2,298 721 1,544 33 Percent _ __ _ _ _ _ — 68.31 46.04 87.98 76.74 Half time or less: Number _ _ _ 131 117 12 2 Percent _ 3.89 7.47 .68 4.65 Little or no library training More than half time: Number _ _ _ _ 440 259 179 2 Percent _ _ _ __ 13.08 16.54 10.20 4.65 Half time or less: Number _ 495 469 20 6 Percent _ _ 14.71 29.95 1.14 13.95 Group II — Total: Number _ _ 2,434 1,181 1,212 41 Percent _ _ _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Professionally trained More than half time: Number _ _ _ _ 1,349 394 919 36 Percent _ _ _ __ _ 55.42 33.36 75.83 87.80 Half time or less: Number _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 132 47 2 Percent _ _ _ _ 7.44 11.18 3.88 4.88 Little or no library training More than half time: Number _ 397 251 145 1 Percent _ _ 16.31 21.25 11.96 2.44 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Table C. — Number and percent of librarians by training and by levels of schools served, by city size group and county and rural systems: 1953—54 (cont.) [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] System Total Elemen¬ tary school only High school only Combined elemen¬ tary and high school plant 1 2 3 4 5 Little or no library training Half time or less: Number _ __ — 507 404 101 2 Percent _ 20.83 34.21 8.33 4.88 Group III — Total: Number.. ... .. 1,993 715 1,197 81 Percent _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Professionally trained More than half time: Number. _ - 1,188 249 899 40 Percent _ 59.61 34.83 75.10 49.38 Half time or less: Number. _ - 114 54 50 10 Percent _ 5.72 7.55 4.18 12.35 Little or no library training More than half time: Number _ _. - 216 82 126 8 Percent _ . - 10.84 11.47 10.53 9.88 Half time or less: Number - - - - - 475 330 122 23 Percent _ 23.83 46.15 10.19 28.40 Group IV — Total: Number _ _ _ — — 1,867 649 1,094 124 Percent _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Professionally trained More than half time: Number - - - — ... 1,075 162 819 94 Percent _ _ _ — 57.58 24.96 74.86 75.81 Half time or less: Number _ 170 76 83 11 Percent _ _ - - 9.11 11.71 7.59 8.87 Little or no library training More than half time: Number _ .. - 143 51 81 11 Percent _ _ - - -- 7.66 7.86 7.40 8.87 Half time or less: Number _ _ 479 360 111 8 Percent _ ____ ._. ... 25.66 55.47 10.15 6.45 Group V — Total: Number _ _ _ _ — 2,285 748 1,266 271 Percent _ _ — .. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Professionally trained More than half time: Number.. _ _ — ... 1,061 136 785 140 Percent _ _ _ .. — 46.43 18.18 62.01 51.66 Half time or less: Number _ _ ._ _ _ _ _ 321 105 178 38 Percent - - . - - 14.05 14.04 14.06 14.02 Little or no library training More than half time: Number _ _ _ — 199 84 88 27 Percent _ ... .. — 8.71 11.23 6.95 9.96 Half time or less: Number _ _ _ _ _ ... 704 423 215 66 Percent - - - - . . . 30.81 56.55 16.98 24.35 County and rural systems Group VI — Total: Number.. _ . _ 18,810 6,217 4,869 7,724 Percent _ _ _ _ . - - 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 11 Table C. — Number anti percent of librarians by training and by levels of schools served, by city size group and county and rural systems: 1953—54 (conf.) [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] System Total Elemen¬ tary school only High school only Combined elemen¬ tary and high school plant 1 2 3 4 5 Professionally trained More than half time: Number.. _ __ _ _ 4,883 765 2,180 1,938 Percent _ _ _ _ 25.96 12.30 44.77 25.09 Half time or less: Number _ 3,200 505 902 1,793 Percent _ . _ _ _ _ 17.01 8.12 18.53 23.21 Little or no library training More than half time: Number _ . _ ... 1,578 455 354 769 Percent _ _ 8.39 7.32 7.27 9.96 Half time or less: Number. ..... 9,149 4,492 1,433 3,224 Percent - - 48.64 72.25 29.43 41.74 These data are another indication of a greater development of school libraries in city school systems than in school systems in county and rural areas. There are, however, many libraries — particularly those in combined elementary and high school plants in county and rural areas — that employ librarians more than half time and have good library facilities. Small enrollment schools often employ librarians less than half time. According to Office of Education data, 68.4 percent of the high schools have less than 300 pupils enrolled. The small high schools are usually located in county and rural systems and the large high schools in city systems. School library standards of the various States list a range of from 200-500 pupils as a minimum for requiring a full-time librarian.8 It is of interest to note that the first library school graduate was appointed as a high school librarian in 1900. The value of a professionally educated school librarian was soon recognized by teachers and school administrators. School systems began to em¬ ploy librarians for the high school library, and present-day con¬ cepts of the school library gradually evolved. One of the requisites included in the standards that were formulated later by national, regional and State standards was that of a trained librarian. 8 Beust, Nora E. School Library Standards, 195J, Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1954. (U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Bulletin No. 15). p. 5. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 The definition used on the questionnaire for the trained li¬ brarian reads, “The professionally trained school librarian is generally educated as a teacher and has special training in li¬ brary science (not less than 15 semester hours, or equivalent, in a program planned for school librarians) State standards for school libraries vary in the amount of training required for full-time librarians, from 8 semester hours to 30 semester hours in schools with enrollment of 200 to 499, and from 12 semester hours to 30 semester hours in schools with enrollment of 1,000 or more. The amount of training for teacher- librarians working less than half time in the library ranges from 2 semester hours to 24 semester hours in schools of fewer than 100 to 200 enrollment; for teacher-librarians working half time the amount of training ranges from 6 semester hours to 24 semester hours in schools of fewer than 100 to 800 enrollment.® The great variation in the amount of education required for certification in the different States, and the type of library edu¬ cation in the various institutions of higher learning are two im¬ portant factors in the effectiveness of the library in the program of the school. The number of teacher-librarians with little or no training decreases as library programs become more important, and as more professionally educated librarians become available. The change from librarian with little or no library training to the professionally educated librarian is especially evident in the elementary school at this time as many of these programs develop. Of the 30,753 librarians (table C), 15,971 were professionally trained librarians; of these 11,854 or 74 percent were employed more than half time and 4,117 or 26 percent were employed half time or less. There were 14,782 librarians with little or no library training among the total 30,753 librarians; 2,973 or 20 percent were employed more than half time and 11,809 or 80 percent were employed half time or less. Of the 11,076 elementary school librarians, 3,416 were profes¬ sionally trained librarians; of these 2,427 or 71 percent were employed more than half time and 989 or 29 percent were em¬ ployed half time or less. Of the 7,660 elementary school librarians with little or no library training, 1,182 or 15 percent were em¬ ployed more than half time and 6,478 or 85 percent were employed half time or less. Of the 11,393 high school librarians, 8,418 were professionally trained librarians; of these, 7,146 or 85 percent were employed more than half time and 1,272 or 15 percent were employed half 9 Beust. Op. cit., p. 5. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 13 time or less. Of the 2,975 high school librarians with little or no library training, 973 or 33 percent were employed more than half time and 2,002 or 67 percent were employed half time or less. Of the 8,284 librarians employed in combined elementary high school plants, 4,137 were professionally trained; of these, 2,281 or 55 percent were employed more than half time and 1,856 or 45 percent were employed for half time or less. Of the 4,147 librarians serving in combined elementary high school plants with little or no library training, 818 or 20 percent were employed for more than half time and 3,329 or 80 percent were employed for half time or less. A summary of the data of the professionally trained librarian indicates that it is customary to employ the professionally trained librarian more than half time in the majority of schools on the various educational levels. Of the professionally trained librarians in each type of school organization shown, the combined elemen¬ tary-secondary schools employed the smallest proportions of their professionally trained librarians on a more-than-half-time basis (of a total of 4,137, only 2,281 or 55 percent were employed more than half time). The elementary schools, in which the library is in the process of being developed, employed almost three- fourths (71 percent) of their professionally trained librarians on a more-than-half-time basis. The high schools — long cognizant of the importance of the library — employed more than four-fifths (85 percent) of their professionally trained librarians on a more- than-half-time basis. The librarian with little or no library training, however, was usually employed half time or less on the three educational levels. Schools in city systems employed proportionally more profes¬ sionally trained librarians than schools in county and rural systems. Furthermore, city systems employed a larger percent of the professionally trained librarians more than half time than did county and rural systems (88 percent in city systems vs. 60 per¬ cent in county and rural systems). City systems employed pro¬ portionally fewer librarians with little or no library training than did schools in county and rural systems (34 percent in city systems vs. 57 percent in county and rural systems). However, city systems employed a larger percent of the librarians with little or no training on a more-than-half-time basis than did schools in county and rural systems (34 percent in city systems vs. 15 per¬ cent in county and rural systems). These data seem to indicate that city school systems in general had progressed more rapidly than county and rural schools in employing the professionally educated librarian on a more-than-half-time basis. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 The professionally trained librarians were distributed among schools of the three educational levels as follows: elementary schools, 3,416 ; high schools, 8,418 ; and combined elementary and high school plants, 4,137. Librarians with little or no library training were distributed as follows among schools of the three educational levels: elementary schools, 7,660; high schools, 2,975; and combined elementary and high school plant, 4,147. A study by regions (table D) shows that 6,075 librarians or 41 percent of those employed more than half time were in the southern region. Of the 6,075 librarians employed more than half time, 5,007 or 82 percent were professionally trained. This is the largest number of professionally trained librarians employed for more than half time in any of the regions. The north central region had 7,033 or 44 percent of all the librarians employed less than half time. It is of interest to note that of the 14,827 librarians employed more than half time, 11,854 or 80 percent were professionally trained and 2,973 librarians or 20 percent had little or no library training; of the 15,926 librarians employed half time or less 4,117 or 26 percent were professionally trained and 11,809 or 74 percent had little or no library training. This seems to indicate that schools that employ professionally trained librarians tend to use these librarians full time in the library while schools em¬ ploying librarians with little or no library training use these teacher-librarians “to keep the library open a specified number of hours each school day.” Table D. — Number and percent of librarians by training and amount of time spent in school libraries, by region: 1953—54 Total Professionally trained Little or no library training Region More than half time Half time or less More than half time Half time or less More than half time Half time or less 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total: 11,809 Number _ _ _ 14,827 15,926 11,854 4,117 2,973 Percent - 100.00 100.00 79.95 25.85 20.05 74.15 Northeast: 1,151 Number _ _ _ 2,483 1,463 2,072 312 411 Percent - 100.00 100.00 83.45 21.33 16.55 78.67 North Central: 5,153 Number _ 4,363 7,033 3,325 1,880 1,038 Percent - - 100.00 100.00 76.21 26.73 23.79 73.27 South: 4,165 Number _ 6,075 5,660 5,007 1,495 1,068 Percent _ 100.00 100.00 82.42 26.41 17.58 73.59 West: 1,340 Number _ 1,906 1,770 1,450 430 456 Percent - 100.00 100.00 76.08 24.29 23.92 75.71 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 15 Schools Served by Librarians The study included a total of 128,831 schools, and of these 51,498 or approximately 40 percent were served by librarians (table E). By educational level, more than 25 percent of the elementary schools were served by librarians, more than 90 percent of the high schools, and slightly less than 80 percent of the combined elementary high school plants were served by librarians. Table E shows the number of schools, the number and percent of the schools served by librarians, by educational level, and by region. These data are another indication of the status of the develop¬ ment of the school library in elementary and secondary schools and in the combined elementary and high school plants in the continental United States. Table E. — Number and percent of schools served by librarians, by educational level, by region: 1953—54 Item Total Elemen¬ tary school only High school only Combined elemen¬ tary and high school plant 1 2 3 4 5 Total: Number of schools - _ __ - - - Number served _ 128,831 51,498 39.97 104,365 30,150 28.89 16,785 15,304 91.18 7,681 6,044 78.69 Percent served _ _ _ _ __ Region : Northeast: Number of schools 19,150 5,674 29.63 15,318 2,435 15.90 3,269 2,817 86.17 563 Number served _ _ _ _ 422 Percent served _ _ _ 74.96 North Central: Number of schools 52,409 44,910 5,022 2,477 2,056 83.00 Number served - - _ _ - - Percent served _ - _ - _ _____ 21,213 40.48 14,503 32.29 4,654 92.67 South: Number of schools _ _ _ _ 43,833 17,649 40.26 33,236 8,497 25.57 6,190 5,757 93.00 4,407 3,395 77.04 Number served Percent served _ _ _ _ _ West: Number of schools _ _ _ _ _ 13,439 6,962 51.80 10,901 4,715 43.25 2,304 2,076 90.10 234 Number served- _ _ _ 171 Percent served _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73.08 Types of Library Service The total number of schools in the 7,198 systems was 128,831. Of this number 122,257 schools, or more than 9 out of every 10 schools, reported some type of library service (table F). The questionnaire called for data about centralized libraries, classroom collections only, and any other type of library service. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 The definition on the form for the centralized library was: “A centralized library is one administered as a unit. It is usually located in one place and makes books available to all pupils and teachers of the school. Include schools the upper elementary grades of which are served by a centralized library but the kin¬ dergarten and lower elementary grades of which are served by classroom collections only.” In this type of service the books are all a part of the central unit and are made available to the en¬ tire school. The book collection is fluid. Books may be borrowed by pupils and teachers for use in classrooms or for home use. For example, a group of books on a subject being studied in re¬ lation to a unit may be borrowed from the central library and kept in the classroom where the pupils are working until the work has been completed and then the books are returned to the library. A centralized library in the charge of a professionally edu¬ cated librarian can make the resources of the library an effective force in the instructional program of the school. The report form defines classroom collections as : “A classroom collection is a group of library books permanently housed in a single classroom and not administered from a centralized library.” The classroom collection permanently housed in a single classroom is limited in size by the bookshelves in the classroom. Other dis¬ advantages often found in the collection of books permanently housed are : it is difficult to keep this type of collection up-to-date because teachers seldom have the opportunity to be continuously informed of book production as librarians are; resources within a single classroom are not used as widely as they could be if all classroom collections were made available to the entire enrollment of the school ; pupils miss the experience of learning to use an or¬ ganized library and the benefits of selecting from a collection larger than that which can be housed on the shelves in a given classroom. “Any other type of library service,” the third category listed, was not defined. Usually the other types of services made avail¬ able to the schools are provided by the city or county public library, or county school library through loan collections or book¬ mobiles. This type of service is a boon to small schools and par¬ ticularly schools in rural areas in that the libraries also aid pupils in reading guidance, library lessons, and the joy of sharing books. According to present minimum State standards10, it is necessary to have an enrollment of 200 or more, to justify the employment of a full-time librarian. Beust, Op. cit. p. 5. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 17 The total number of schools with library service was 122,257 and of this number 46,880 or 38 percent were served by central¬ ized libraries, 60,972 or 50 percent were served by classroom col¬ lections only and 14,405 or 12 percent were served by other types of library service. The type of library service made available in the schools varies greatly with the level of education and by region. For example, the percentages of elementary schools having centralized libraries range from approximately 20 percent in the North Central region to almost 34 percent in the West region. More than four-fifths of the high schools and of the combined elementary and high school plants, however, were served by centralized libraries. Ele¬ mentary schools, on the other hand, had the highest percentage of their schools served with classroom collections only. The library service described as ‘‘any other type of library service” on the report blank, ranged from less than 1 percent of the high schools in the South to 21 percent of the elementary schools in the West. Table F. — Number of schools with library service, by type of service and educational level, by region: 1953—54 Region Item Total Northeast North Central South West 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of school systems _ 7,198 1,658 2,415 2,171 954 Number of schools in system _ 128,831 19,150 52,409 43,833 13,439 Schools with library service: Total . . . 122,257 17,723 50,534 40,825 13,175 Elementary schools only: Total _ 98,173 14,015 43,136 30,365 10,657 Centralized _ 24,908 4,107 8,549 8,652 3,600 Classroom collections only _ 59,490 8,877 27,997 17,748 4,868 Other type of library service - 13,775 1,031 6,590 3,965 2,189 High schools only: Total _ 16,575 3,167 4,981 6,143 2,284 Centralized _ 15,924 2,944 4,790 5,995 2,195 Classroom collections only - 480 186 139 106 49 Other type of library service - 171 37 52 42 40 Combined elementary and high school plant : 7,509 541 2,417 4,317 Total _ _ _ 234 Centralized _ 6,048 450 1,951 269 3,459 188 Classroom collections only - 1,002 75 625 33 Other type of library service - — 459 16 197 233 13 NOTE: Data are for all regular, local, public school systems. Returns were adjusted for non¬ response. For details, see text p. 4, Appendix A, p. 63. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Some States (California, Colorado, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wyoming) had a higher percent of their elementary schools receiving some type of library service other than centralized libraries or classroom col¬ lections only (table 4). Minnesota had 1,602 elementary schools or 30 percent in this category. This is the largest number of ele¬ mentary schools so served in any State. However, Wyoming had the largest percent of elementary schools so served (295 out of a total of 584 or 51 percent). It is of interest to note that in the State of California permissive legislation enacted in 1945 provides for library service to county schools operated under the office of the superintendent of schools. These county libraries are centrally housed collections which cir¬ culate printed materials by contractual agreement to those school districts paying a minimum fee specified in the California Educa¬ tion Code. Consultant services also are offered to any contracting district operating independent libraries. County libraries share the responsibility of contributing to the improvement of the in¬ structional program by making available the best in printed ma¬ terials to the children of the county. A specific example of this service comes from the coordinator of school libraries, Fresno County, Calif.: You can gather from our statistics that we work under pressure. But full compensation comes with the knowledge that we are meeting well the varied needs of a highly varied school population in Fresno County — the right book for the “child who moves with the crops” — and the right book for the especially favored child of our suburban districts, multiplied many times over, for the many in between. Our service to fourteen high schools is unique: We aid in the selection of books; we order the books, process them and deliver them! We also supplement their collection from our “general high school” circulating collection. For our elementary schools we circulate textbooks, “enrichment books” and social studies unit sets on an every-other-week delivery schedule. This year we are experimenting with 10 larger elementary schools in helping them to provide “library experience” for the upper grades, even though they do not have a room for a central library. Wherever they have a central space for shelves, and an attendant to direct the student “librarians,” we are providing a basic central collection of books with simple catalog cards for their own card catalog. One of the most interesting phases of our work is a year-round book evaluation program carried on with teachers at all grade levels. We have brought in help from all local people too: Consultants on our super¬ intendent’s staff, librarians from the county library, librarians from our Fresno city schools. We provide leadership and sample books! . . . Our library is housed in a new county schools administration building and is directly under the jurisdiction of the county superintendent of schools. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 19 An example of service that is provided by county public libra¬ ries to schools comes from the Natrona County Public Library in Casper, Wyo. : Twice a year, in September and in January, we supply each grade teacher in the city school system with a box of library books suitable to her age group, allowing about one book per pupil. A school truck delivers these boxes to the various schools, and returns the ones they have been using. Teachers may keep the books for the 4-month period, or they may return them and exchange them for different ones in between the scheduled deliveries. Teachers may also come and select books on special subjects for use in their classes. Twelve grade schools are supplied in the above manner. Two others which are located near the library send pupils for books for class use. In addition, rural teachers throughout the county may take books for their schools, and exchange them as often as they wish. There are approximately 150 grade school teachers in the city schools. The project of supplying them with library books has grown, along with Casper’s increasing population, until the number of books sent out aver¬ ages 6,000 per semester. * * * the count * * * includes both city and rural schools. This summer, for the first time, we expect to supply a book truck, which the school system will equip and operate, with books for children of all ages. The truck will visit each elementary school once a week, allowing children in the area to borrow and return books, without having to come to the downtown public library. We do not anticipate a falling off of business in the children’s department at the library, but will doubtless reach a number who would not be able to come regularly, if at all. Another phase of library service to schools comes under class visits to the library. A few classes come regularly. Others once or twice during the school year. During Children’s Book Week, the visitation schedule is a busy one. We give them library instruction which is geared to the age level, but mostly they are interested in selecting books and reading. The combined elementary and high school plant is effecting a change in the pattern of library service to boys and girls who live in rural areas in many of the States and who formerly attended ungraded 1- and 2-room rural schools. The larger enrollment in the so-called consolidated school makes it possible to develop a library program for both elementary and high school pupils. To quote from a letter from the State Supervisor of School Libraries, Department of Education, Minnesota: In most counties where services of this kind (other types of school library service) have been provided by a county or public library, the only schools to be served are the ungraded 1- and 2-room rural schools. Actually what is offered is not library service, but an opportunity for the schools to pool their book funds, to have the purchasing done by a librarian, and to make all purchases available to all schools. With the growth of our school reorganization program the best examples of this kind of service have almost come to an end since it is in the counties giving the service where most of the schools have been consolidated. To summarize: about 47 percent of the schools in the United States received service from classroom collections only; about 37 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 percent received service from centralized libraries; and 11 per¬ cent of the schools in the United States received service desig¬ nated as “any other type of library service.” Only 5 percent of all schools reported no library service. Table G. — Number of schools and number and percent by type of library service, by region: 1953—54 [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] Type of service Total Northeast North Central South West 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total: Number _ 128,831 100.00 19, 150 52,409 100.00 43,833 100.00 13,439 100.00 Percent _ 100.00 Total served: Number _ __ 122,257 94.90 17,723 50,534 96.42 40,825 93.14 13,175 98.04 Percent _ _ 92.55 Centralized libraries: Number _ 46,880 36.39 7,501 39.17 15,290 29.17 18,106 41.31 5,983 44.52 Percent _ _ Classroom collections only: Number _ _ 60,972 47.33 9,138 47.72 28,405 54 20 18,479 42.16 4,950 36.83 Percent _ Other type of library service: Number _ _ 14,405 11.18 1,084 68.39 4,240 9.67 2,242 16.68 Percent _ 5.66 13.05 No library facilities: Number _ __ 6,574 1,427 7.45 1,875 3.58 3,008 6.86 264 Percent _ 5.10 1.96 Of the 26,678,325 pupils with library service, 14,199,460 or 53 percent were in city systems and 12,478,865 or 47 percent were in county and rural systems (table H). The largest number of pu¬ pils — 16,276,181 or 61 percent — for whom service was available were served by centralized libraries. Classroom collections only served 8,286,280 or 31 percent of the pupils. Other type of library service was available to 2,115,864 or 8 percent of the pupils. Table H shows similar data for service by centralized libraries, classroom collection or some other type of library service in ele¬ mentary schools, high schools and combined elementary and high school plants. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 21 Table H. — Number and percent of pupils with library service, by type of service and educational level, by city and county and rural systems: 1953—54 [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] Enrollment in — Type of service Total Elementary school only High school only Combined elementary and high school plant 1 2 3 4 5 Total served: 26,678,325 100.00 16,126,571 100.00 6,631,476 3,920,278 100.00 100.00 City systems: 14,199,460 53.22 9,048,156 4,757,982 71.75 393,322 Percent _ _ 56.11 10.03 County and rural systems: Number _ _ 12,478,865 46.78 7,078,415 43.89 1,873,494 28.25 3,526,956 89.97 Percent _ City systems: Centralized libraries : Number _ _ _ 9,460,481 66.63 4,446,690 49.14 4,671,585 98.18 342,206 Percent _ 87.00 Classroom collections only: Number _ _ _ 3,951,554 27.83 3,866,445 42.73 47,823 37,286 Percent _ 1.01 9.48 Other type of library service: Number. _ _ _ _ _ 787,425 735,021 38,574 13,830 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.55 8.12 .81 3.52 County and rural systems: Centralized libraries: Number _ 6,815,700 54.62 2,112,606 29.85 1,783,319 95.19 2,919,775 Percent _ _ 82.78 Classroom collections only: Number _ _ _ 4,334,726 34.74 3,937,813 55.63 46,007 350,900 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.46 9.95 Other type of library service: Number _ 1,328,439 10.65 1,027,996 14.52 44,168 256,275 Percent _ _ _ _ _ 2.36 7.27 A study of the enrollment and educational level by population group shows that of the pupils with library service, 57 percent of the pupils in elementary schools in Group I cities were served by centralized libraries; 50 percent of the pupils in Group II cities ; 42 percent of the pupils in Group III cities ; 37 percent of the pupils in Group IV cities; 41 percent of the pupils in Group V cities; and 30 percent of the pupils in Group VI, county and rural systems. Tables I and J show the number and percent of pupils receiv¬ ing various types of school library service, by level of education and population group. Table I. — Enrollment in schools with library service by educational level, and population group: 1953—54 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 o V %4 Q W H O 1 details, see text p. 4, Appendix A, p. 63. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 23 Table J. — Percent of pupils receiving various types of library service, by level of education and population group: 1953—54 [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] Educational level and type of library service Population group I II III IV V VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Elementary schools only _ __ Centralized libraries _ Classroom collections _ Some other type of library service High schools only - - Centralized libraries _ Classroom collections _ Some other type of library service Combined elementary and high school plant _ _ _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 57.00 32.79 10.21 49.61 41.44 8.95 41.93 50.42 7.65 37.42 58.66 3.93 40.52 56.26 3.22 29.85 55.63 14.52 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.10 .47 .42 97.99 .35 1.66 97.70 1.29 1.01 96.70 2.50 .80 97.80 2.00 .19 95.19 2.46 2.36 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Centralized libraries. _ Classroom collections _ _ Some other type of library service 64.15 35.85 84.74 10.20 5.06 96.78 3.22 91.49 5.08 3.42 90.80 3.26 5.94 82.78 9.95 7.27 A study of the data on enrollment of pupils with library serv¬ ice by educational level and population group seems to indicate that practically all administrators have provided centralized li¬ brary service for high school pupils in all of the population groups. Administrators have also made centralized service avail¬ able to more than one-half of the elementary pupils in Group I, almost one-half of the elementary pupils in the other city-size groups, and more than one-fourth of the elementary pupils in county and rural areas. These data seem to indicate that many administrators favor the centralized service for elementary schools. A shortage of trained elementary librarians, lack of space in schools due to increased enrollment, and limitations of budgets may be retarding the development of library service on the ele¬ mentary school level. Administrators of combined elementary and high school plants have organized centralized libraries in a large majority of these plants. The data show, however, that classroom collections only were the type of service available to approximately one-third of the elementary pupils in Group I cities, to more than two-fifths of the pupils in Group II cities, and to more than one-half of the pupils in city-size Groups III, IV, and V, and county and rural, Group VI. “Other type of library service” includes service from a public library or a centralized school library outside of the school build¬ ing. Data indicate that the highest percent (14.52) of pupils with this service were elementary pupils in Group VI, county and 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 rural. Group I cities so served 10.21 percent of the elementary pupils. There was little variation in the percent of pupils with library service in the various regions (table K) . The West had 3,834,354 or 98 percent, the highest percent of pupils with library service by region; and the South had the largest number of pupils — 9,802,354, or 96 percent — with library service in a region. No library facilities were available for 974,040 or about 4 per¬ cent of the pupils in the study. Table K. — Number of pupils and number and percent with library service, by type of service, by region: 1953—54 [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] Type of service Total Northeast North Central South West 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total: Number _ _ 27,652,365 100.00 5,846,553 7,711,177 10,183,126 3,911,509 Pp.rf*.pnt, 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Total served: Number _ 26,678,325 96.48 5,575,222 95.36 7,466,395 96.83 9,802,354 96.26 3,834,354 98.03 Percent _ _ Centralized libraries: Number. _ 16,276,181 58.86 3,370,122 57.64 4,290,620 55.64 6,266,430 61.54 2,349,009 60.05 Percent. . _____ Classroom collections only: Number _ _ 8,286,280 29.97 1,934,829 33.09 2,444,497 31.70 3,016 702 29.62 890,252 Percent _ _ _ 22.76 Other type of library service: Number _ 2,115,864 7.65 270,271 731,278 519,222 595,093 Percent. _ 4.62 9.48 5.10 15.21 No library facilities: Number _ 974,040 3.52 271,331 4.64 244,782 380,772 77,155 Percent _ 3.17 3.74 1.97 Book Stock The total number of volumes in use in public-school libraries was 102,915,052 (table L). A volume was defined on the question¬ naire as “any printed work, bound or unbound, which has been recorded or catalogued and made available for library use. Do not count sets of textbooks and sets of supplementary readers.” School libraries in city systems had 58,594,122 or 57 percent of the books, and county and rural systems had 44,320,930 or 43 percent. City systems had 43,943,888 books or 75 percent of their books in centralized libraries, 12,511,749 or 21 percent of their books in classroom collections only, and 2,138,485 or about 4 per¬ cent in other types of library service. Table M shows similar data by type of library service and edu¬ cational level. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 25 Table L. — Number and percent of volumes at end of year by type of service and educational level, for city and county and rural systems: 1953—54 [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] Volumes at end of year Type of service Total Elementary school only High school only Combined elementary and high school plant 1 2 3 4 5 Volumes: 102,915,052 100.00 51,696,178 100.00 36,003,387 100.00 15,215,487 100.00 City systems: Number _ 58,594,122 56.93 30,402,327, 58.81 26,396,525 73.32 1,795,270 11.80 Percent _ _ _ County and rural systems: Number _ 44,320,930 43.07 21,293,851 41.19 9,606,862 26.68 13,420,217 88.20 Percent _ _ City systems: Centralized libraries: Number _ _ 43,943,888 75.00 16,239,542 53.42 26,038.440 98.64 1,665,906 92.79 Percent _ Classroom collections only: Number _ 12,511,749 21.35 12,210,682 40.16 252,054 49,013 Percent _ _ .95 2.73 Other type of library service: Number _ 2,138,485 3.65 1,952,103 6.42 106,031 .40 80,351 Percent _ 4.48 County and rural systems: Centralized libraries: Number _ 29,037,054 65.52 7,543,004 35.42 9,281,811 96.62 12,212,239 Percent _ _ 91.00 Classroom collections only: Number _ 11,183,864 25.23 10,425,084 48.96 173,666 1.81 585,114 Percent _ 4.36 Other type of library service: Number _ __ _ 4,100,012 3,325,763 15.62 151,385 622,864 Percent _ __ _ 9.25 1.58 4.64 The enrollment in the schools reporting the 102,915,052 book stock was 21,459,666 (table M). The average number of volumes per pupil enrolled was 4.8. In relation to the average number of volumes per pupil found in the study, it is of interest to note present standards11 for school libraries. Minimum numerical requirements for books are speci¬ fied in State standards for school libraries in 24 States and of this number 17 States also indicate descriptive or qualitative requirements. At least 5 books per pupil are required by 12 States. As many as 10 books per pupil in schools of designated enroll¬ ment are specified in 7 States. A minimum library of 500 books for high schools is required by 11 States and 4 other States re¬ quire a larger minimum library. There is a trend in both State departments of education and in regional accrediting associations to use qualitative standards such as the following of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools:12 “Books 11 Beust. Op. cit., p. 5. 12 Beust. Op. cit., p. 15. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 and periodicals to supply needs for reference, research, and cul¬ tural and inspirational reading; newspapers, pamphlets, infor¬ mation files, audio-visual materials, and other learning aids ade¬ quate for the number of pupils and the needs of instruction in all courses offered.” Elementary schools had an enrollment of 12,658,906 and 51,696,178 volumes or 4.08 volumes per pupil enrolled (table M). High schools had an enrollment of 5,720,422 and 36,003,387 volumes or 6.29 volumes per pupil enrolled and combined ele¬ mentary and high school plants had an enrollment of 3,080,338 and 15,215,487 volumes or 4.94 volumes per pupil enrolled. It is of interest to note that there is no difference between the number of volumes per pupil made available through city systems per pupil (4.80) and the number of volumes per pupil in county and rural systems (4.80). The smallest number of books per pupil by educational level was in the elementary school both in city systems (4.04) and in county and rural systems (4.15). The largest number of books per pupil by educational level was in high schools in both city systems (6.08) and in county and rural systems (6.97). The combined elementary and high school plants had 5.26 volumes per pupil in city systems and 4.90 volumes per pupil in county and rural systems. A study of the number of volumes per pupil by population group shows that school systems in Group I cities had an average of 3.98 volumes per pupil enrolled ; Group II cities, 5.06 volumes ; Group III cities, 5.26 volumes; Group IV cities, 5.22 volumes; Group V cities, 6.17 volumes; and Group VI, county and rural, 4.80 volumes per pupil enrolled. The smallest number of volumes per pupil by educational level was in elementary schools in systems of Group I cities (3.48) and the largest number of volumes per pupil was 8.67 volumes per pupil in high schools in Group V cities. There were 9,609,949 volumes added in 1953-54 to schools, with an enrollment of 21,459,666, reporting book stock (table M). This represents an average of 0.45 book per pupil enrolled added in 1953-54. Group I cities added 1,839,727 volumes or an average of 0.37 book per pupil; Group II cities added 1,185,554 or an average of 0.48 book per pupil; Group III cities added 985,389 or an average of 0.48 book per pupil; Group IV cities added 768,588 or an average of 0.51 book per pupil; Group V cities added 678,402 or an average of 0.52 book per pupil ; and Group VI, PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 27 county and rural systems, added 4,152,289 or an average of 0.45 book per pupil. There were 6,192,699 pupils in schools with library service for whom no book stock was reported. Some of these pupils received service from a public library that loaned books to the schools and other pupils were served by classroom collections or central¬ ized libraries in school systems which do not have a system of reporting library data to a central office. Failure to report may be due to shortage of personnel or lack of awareness of the importance of library records. Table M. — Enrollment and volumes at end of year in schools with library service by type of service and educational level, by population group: 1953—54 Population group City size County Item All groups combined Group Group II Group III Group IV Group V and rural systems, Group VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of school systems . 7,198 100 387 818 1,068 1,416 3,409 Total enrollment in systems _ Enrollment in schools reporting 27,652,365 5,890,371 3,011,916 2,525,755 1,826,945 1,580,795 12,816,583 book stock . . 21,459,666 4,913,052 ,2,445,136 ,2,055,472 1,509,143 1,294,406 9.242,457 Number of volumes added . 9,609,949 ,1,839,727 1,185,554 985,389 768,588 678,402 4,152,289 Number of volumes at end of year 102,915,052 19,560,525 12,364,666 10,805,790 7,873,504 7,989,637 44,320,930 Elementary schools only: Enrollment _ _ _ _ 12,658,906 3,205,692 1,523,421 1,221,828 867,378 715,089 5,125,498 Volumes at end of year: Total... 51,696,178 11,159,169 ,7,124,283 5,358,017 3,525,663 ,3,235,195 21,293,851 Centralized libraries _ 23,782,546 5,229,340 4,747,905 2,853,369 1,724,662 1,684,266 7,513,004 Classroom collections only _ 22,635,766 5,261,024 1,909,849 1,940,209 1,605,829 1,493,771 10,425,084 Other type of library sendee _ 5,277,866 668,805 466,529 564,439 195,172 57,158 3,325,763 High school only: Enrollment _ 5,720,422 ,1,666,475 883,095 786,894 551,061 454,980 1,377,917 Volumes at end of year: Total _ 36,003,387 8,248,974 5,053,749 5,208,627 3,940,419 3,944,756 9,606,862 Centralized libraries _ 35,320,251 8,200,262 4,997,396 5,125,837 3,845,446 3,869,499 9,281,811 Classroom collections only _ 425,720 29,363 17,034 77,088 56,514 72,055 173,666 Other type of library service _ 257,416 19,349 39,319 5,702 38,459 3,202 151,385 Combined elementary and high school plant: Enrollment _ 3,080,338 40,885 38,620 46,750 90,704 124,337 2,739,042 Volumes at end of year: Total _ 15,215,487 152,382 185,634 239, 146 407,422 809,686 13,420,217 Centralized libraries _ 13,878,145 147,442 174,092 230,876 395,913 717,583 12,212,239 Classroom collections only _ 634,127 4,940 12,268 8,270 5,543 5,966 17,992 585,114 Other type of library service _ 703,215 | 274 — 74,111 622,864 NOTE: Data are for all regular, local, public school systems, by Group. Returns were adjusted for non-response. Data for Groups II-VI are based on a sample. For details, see text p. 4, Appendix A, p. 63. The largest number of pupils for whom book stock was reported were served by centralized libraries (table N). There were 14,026,955 pupils and 72,980,942 volumes or 5.20 volumes per pupil served. There were 6,079,101 pupils and 23,695,613 volumes or an average of 3.90 volumes per pupil served through classroom collections only. Some other type of library service was available Table N. — Number of pupils, number of volumes and average number of vol¬ umes per pupil in school systems reporting volumes, by type of library service, by region: 1953—54 [For percents, detail does not necessarily add to total, due to rounding.] 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Other typo of library service Average 10 4.61 3.96 4.61 3.60 5.74 Number of volumes o> 6,238,497 601,732 1,986,801 1,297,893 2,352,071 Number of pupils oo 1,353,610 152,115 431,126 360,404 409,965 Classroom collections only Average 3.90 Tt< a> (Nhnn IH III 1 ill 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 1,649 O iO O lH CO IO no Hi High school only Half time or less 1,272 92 CO CO U 1 1 0 1 CO T* cOHcq IN More than half time <0 7,146 1,424 05C5C0^Ht^C0rHt^TjH lOHOHO^tOM I-H 1,861 «ONhMMH (NNHH Elementary school only Half time or less m 989 58 1 T-i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • i^ONOO » ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 417 hOOOOOh ! rH co ^ ^ 0400 • co C3 03 -- 1-t 00 CO • (NMNC3(N COCO d t> ' rH rH 00 O |*C00 00 1 1 hh*Oh h(NN ICJHCI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 b- 1 1 ICO 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HHCOCI o cd 739 00 CT> (N00 1 1 ' CO 00 CT> rH O CD 00 O CD 00 1 ICO HHlOHTfClHlO . *0 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 337 C0C0nJ *0 •0*0 rH (M (N rH 11 254 17 159 2,775 CO CO Ti< Tt< 00 O CO CO ^ O CO ^ r-H co »o ih *o rH HH HHHHHHH HHIOHH 980 ‘ I OOCOOOOCOO-^tHOCOOO ■^TfOOCOINCOU'i-HOt^N i-H i-H 1 00 1 00 1 1 I 1 1 325 'CO 1 1 1 1 1 CO CO 00 eo 00 00 00 0 O T}< CO ©1 05 CO 00 (N 1-H CO »D 00 1-H NrtiJlriChJO00'-h<30 OcOCOrtiOCNOaOOeOO MiOcOCOCONOOINiOifN ^’h h rH rH 0 c a p -£ C 2 Ohio _ - - South Dakota _ Wisconsin - South. . . . — . Alabama - Arkansas _ njo,,;.,™ Florida _ Georgia - Kentucky _ Louisiana - Maryland - Mississippi _ North Carolina - Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee _ Texas _ Virginia _ West Virginia _ District of Columbia _ West _ Arizona - California _ Colorado _ _ Idaho _ Montana _ 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till lilt till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 • 1 o ! ! J ■8 i 'h « 1 M C £§ :l'£ \ttits c ; ! •< Table 4. — Number of schools with library service by type of service and educational level, by region and State: 1953-54 Schools with library service Combined elementary and i_j high school plant H ]NNIAL fc ® c3 2 g o SUR PH O 91 jg 6fi> > a _ w - IUCATI0 III III III III III III III III III III III III N, II ^ 05 1952-54 i ICO i OS Ct r-4 to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Central¬ ized 6,048 450 1 u 1 1 1 u 6 29 276 110 2 10 1,951 OOOOOHNQOHOiOOSMO HCOHCOCOOOCDMCOCOO Tjlrt H* KNtJUO 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 52 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 05 IH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Class¬ room collec¬ tions only - 480 CO 00 iC000000t>-HO05 NCOHOCO^N IIO^CO 1 Class¬ room collec¬ tions only 59,490 8,877 b- 1-4 Oi 1> 1-H O C£ LOOr-OOt>COT^OC£ ^oOHWNcoor-ih: iH r-T CO* 27,997 TfTt< ^ CD 00 CO 1-H t> CO rH C cocoi-Hiccooscocot' IH of rH Tjf CO D 05 <1 o - Nnrji CM CO 1 b- 05 CM CO H Tt< b- O 00 00 O h 05 b- 1 CO CM 1—t Tf |> ^ CO lO »0 r-H rH 00 lO rtl 1 CO T-H CM CO CO CO CM *0 CM rH CO CM ' i i i 234 iO^Cl CO 1 1 *0 CM 1 i i CM i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 40 1 II III i CO rf 1*0 i *0 CO i i i i ii iii i ii iii i ii iii i ii iii i ii iii CO o i iii tJH iO 1 b- i i i CS i— 1 rH 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III l 1 1 1 l D CO i CO t> 1*0 • i i rH 1 1 CO 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 49 ii ii 1 1> CM i LO CO O CO CO i i ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii 5,995 CO CM CO CO CO 00 CM l> 05 ^ 05 00 rH rH lO t> t> iO CM CO CO CO *0 CO CO O rH Ttf CM rH CM CO LO^ rH CO T-H r-l t-H CO l> CO CO CO CM CO 2,195 OOOC5©^l>CMrHOOC5l> COC5COCOrHCMLOT-HCM^OO *0 CO rH rH H CM rH CO 6,143 ^ *0 CO O 00 O CM CO *C ^ *0 *0 rH CO *0 l> b- CO CO lO TjH CO CO rH CM iO rH CM CO lOTfl rH CO T-H t-H rH ^ CO t> CO CO CO CM CO 2,284 oooioo^ot^o^ojt^ tOi-HiOCO(NCOIXNCOTtiOO COCO^I-H .-H "tfOOt^tOOOlOt^lOt^rHT-lOOCMrHt'^CM O 0000 00 CO CO 00 *0 CM 00 CO rH O rH 05 05 IQ HO -^COCOOCOrMM^O^OHO rH rH rH rH CM^ HHHHHfN 00 !l co 00 10HOCOXC5HCOCMHCM C5050000t^OlOC5COrHi— 1 COCOrHC5rHCOCOrHCOCM 8,652 COCOCMt^OOOt^^CM*0^t^OCO*OCO i OrH05COGONOCOOcOOONOCOCM i *0 CM T^COiO CO^CONCOX^OH i i 3,600 rHG5|>rHrHCOOCOCOCMr> HfC5005COOOCM*OOOrHt>- HOCOrHH CM^HN 30,365 CM 00 CM CO rH C0 05 CO *0 CM 05 *C rH CO 05 O XOCCiONrHOOCMl>COOOCMCOrHCOrHCO H H rH CM" rH CM rH Cm" rH Co" CO" CM CO 10,657 OOOHi#cqfflNOOlif Tfinooeo-ioiocKDiNQO NOOH^HH®OMOiO CO i— T i-T i-H rH 40,825 CO 00 CO CO CM 05 05 rH rH cm CO 00 O CO b- 05^00C0rHO^rHTtH*Ol>C0CMC00000 00 0500rHC0CMC0t>05C0C0rHOC0O*OC0 13,175 iOCMOCOhlOCOiOCOX^ Ot^C0t^©CM0500O©00 CO^COiOCOCMt^CM*OCOCO ^ rH rH rH rH NH .-KNCCi-H CO O b- ^ ^ 00 rt< O — i Tt< iO H rH rH corn i-hot^oo©Hiioio | i rH hJ’coco us i OO (M CO j 21,218 1,239 3,416 7,184 1,256 2,309 1,155 258 4,401 Central¬ ized libraries 10 6,454,904 1 , 593 , 87 1 j 64,123 34,536 169,329 17,164 180,535 560,477 528,623 29,310 9,774 1,599,572 358,706 133,814 71,117 112,643 237,544 119,015 101,859 35,274 9,239 268,841 13,524 137,996 Total 6,631,476 1,654,023 69,377 38,222 185,383 22,436 188,709 565,159 537,343 31,366 16,028 1,643,089 359,945 140,158 78,301 113,899 239,853 120,170 101,859 35,274 9,497 289,044 13,524 141,565 Elementary school only Other type of library service oo 1,763,017 236, 868| i-h co oo oo r- io 05 i 05 05 C- lO 00 CO 05 l ‘ iQOCOOhMhh i 1 co* hi* in 05 io in co i 1 ^HIO COHN 1 | II 571,872 HMSOOMIOH IHHO) HINHOJHCDOOO iNNh KlIS 1 II °i S IIS ~ II *1 w j co 242,041 100,690 390,527 47,479 491,957 1,067,675 834,395 40,694 35,475 4,617,234 910,479 360,739 314,310 244.300 707,377 345,321 363.301 130,717 64,829 745,086 90,756 340,019 Total 26,678,325 5,575,222 311,418 143,696 609,625 74,097 708,201 2,093,790 1,499,637 72,654 62,104 7,466,395 1,279,846 711,421 478,330 380,782 1,087,869 536,530 627,153 225,505 122,852 1,368,478 122, 126 525,503 Enrollment in all systems CO w || co 10 1 iO n ho N II CO in II h< «o j| oo rC || io M II 322,613 157,054 668,849 74,552 728,175 2,116,777 1,612,672 103,232 62,629 7,711,1771 1,320,261 776,298 481,347 386,579 1,111,022 566,969 672,273 225,665 122,852 1,393,714 124,086 530,111 Total number of sys¬ tems M 7,198 1,658 MHiOcONCONNM | 00 iO O CO H* 05 i-H CO CO 1 •H H o l- o >o -o oo io co OiOtOb-o 00 OiOCOt^Tt 1 9,535 INH 1 i CO 1 1 1 iOh 1 TfH 1 O CO 1 1 1 1 00 ro rH co C5 > £ O r2 g JRV] CO EY ' in | CM si OF 1 ^ CO CTi CM 1 CM E ]DUCATI< 1 1 I05U5M • i i co o in 1 1 IO)Q5t)< I I 1 CO co 3F b : OO in OO L 952-54 1 1^4 1 **t» 1 1 1 ICO 1 1 1 IH 1 O ■ 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 105 IOO 1 1 1 103 1 1 i ico i m i i • i m i i • i in * cm * • • • ii ii i i i i i ii Class¬ room collec¬ tions only in 634,127 25,588 tON i O O O oo co imooo CO CO iNtON 1-H 1 t-T cm" CO 2,205 377,271 OOh 1 CM 1 1 ICO 1 1 i— 1 l ^ O l^ I 1 IO 1 05 CO 1 O CO 1 TJ4 1 1 1 1 -hF 1 HCO 1 1 1 1 1>- 1 1 1 i ill i CM i Central¬ ized libraries s 13,878,145 3,069,516 7,998 882 7,453 136,190 2,586,267 326,867 3,859 3,888,546 HMOC0 05NNCDCO»-00 Oi in ^ CM O CO CM Tt1 CM OO owoocoinNmcoocMmH O co N rH CD (» OO OO* O O* (N H OmNINcOCOr-NCl^CON CO HCOHCO ^ co CM Total CO 15,215,487 3,308,089 9,684 1,549 7,453 187,337 2,757,899 338, 103 6,064 4,351,501 70,509 689,294 131,754 165,758 392,333 168,707 318,537 152,414 426,946 1,531,208 32,861 1 271,180 Enroll¬ ment CM 3,080,338 535, 753 1 4,106 2,018 1,792 27,181 392,950 102, 105 5,601 909,060 TtlT^OSCOrHOJOOtD^NlON ONHOmNOrHHMCDCO mNN00HOri(N05t005O N rH 1C oo" If5 oo" O CO CO Tt< CO OO H -^4 OO CM CM CO High school only Volumes at end of year Other type of library service - 257,416 21,317 1 OO 1 IOOH i lO 1 t CO CM i CM • i CO ^ • Tft i icO 134,826 m co i ico i i i 105 i i in cm i i oo i i i i m i i r- 1 in i i cm i i i ioo i i CO CM 1 1 I l I i OO I I Class¬ room collec¬ tions only 10 425,720 139,105 30,980 12,091 6,761 14,793 30,374 20,066 8,990 15,050 130,210 17,773 4,078 26,289 7,568 6,491 3,856 46,695 4,550 12,910 Central¬ ized libraries 35,320,251 7,616,123 184,737 162,331 517,410 61,516 911,267 2,858,925 2,735,420 140,290 44,227 11,060,250 2,397,181 769,954 476,285 1,290,168 1,311,153 860,817 823,179 263,726 60,487 1,792,521 96,203 918,576 Total CO 36,003,387 7,776,545] 215,717 174,422 528,429 76,309 911,267 2,905,937 2,755,907 149,280 59,277 11,325,286 2,428,109 776,558 502,574 1,290,168 1,319,007 860,817 823,179 270,217 64,343 1,958,075 100,753 931,486 Enroll¬ ment N 5,720,422 jl, 508, 627 49,919 33,303 145,366 16,585 153,578 580,240 506, 160 29,689 13,787 1,488,862 351,074 115,108 70,720 98,975 237,031 98,516 95,106 34,238 9,497 276, 102 10,025 92,470 Elementary school only Volumes at end of year Other type of library service CO 5,277,866 367,430 12,947 111,935 105,988 21,084 100,938 5,938 8,600 1,766,291 67.430 123,536 163,237 10,995 240,129 520,224 46,627 55,966 15,756 404,139 105,822 12.430 Class¬ room collec¬ tions only in 22,635,786 2,776,313 X 05 OO CD OO OO Tf rH rH 1 cn co oo t''- cm o oo os O5O(NHN0tt5iO(N CM CM CM H CO 9,037,747 1,786,761 373,338 731,919 1,220,695 1,065,638 479,659 745,110 183,009 433,289 878,010 253,744 886,575 Central¬ ized libraries 23,782,546 3,101,096 153,667 40,635 116,737 392,508 1,897,955 438,131 28,555 32,908 7,835,082 2,708,640 270,709 800,723 344,113 1,457,543 428,494 324,899 185,273 80,019 700,958 105,568 | 428,143 Total CO 51,696,178 6,244,839 426,635 127,621 459,960 25,176 796,224 3,113,717 1,157,633 52,074 85,799 18,639,120 4,562,831 767,583 1,695,879 1,575,803 2,763,310 1,428,377 1,116,636 424,248 529,064 1,983,107 465,134 1,327,148 Enroll¬ ment CM 12,658,906 2,433,623 189,413 69,107 225,775 25,149 297,052 1,031,689 544,113 24,161 27,164 3,643,539 835,587 240, 143 231,358 194,983 587,917 205,960 280,467 100,293 56,765 662,398 62,602 185,066 Region and State 1 Continental United States _ Northeast. _ Maine _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ _ _ New Jersey _ New York _ _ Pennsylvania _ PViaHa ToIatiH Vermont . . . . . North Central _ _ _ Illinois _ _ Indiana _ Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ North Dakota _ _ _ Ohio _ _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 47 404,540 S j iss jg i • ; :§ i | g ; ill! i j is j jssss j j j j j j j j j i j j j 1 § 9,128 11,200 10,790 30,819 28,033 39,734 ZB, 84,1 16,318 77130 18,781 21,373 9,559 ! js j j j | ji i j : j i i i i i i 1 3 CO S33£sii£giia§§3£ i 478,995 24,843 25,728 127,166 4,761 33,438 3,902 12,000 4,005 14,081 226, 189 2,882 s i ISlislSSsBislSls i 488,554 IglgllllsSI Sla!S3gsSSRBS3Sa j 8 § 61,395 55,871 1,525 192,875 163.621 130,660 146,090 17,475 105,937 300.622 2,746 25,615 67,227 145,764 151,704 19,165 47,233 lllSSiSISSS eq c4 -tt cq ,-h « n oo i s si j jig j j ; :s° : : 1 I ! i ! i I 1 i i i j i i j j i i 32,422 is i j ; ii§ i i i is i j j js" i i i 105,572 11 ji i§ jl "" : |S i ill ii i i j ! :«§ is i j i 50,833 ;§§ i ill is i i i i02^ \~ i i 10,628,799 igiisissiiisiigi i 1 SillllslSlg S5sBlia£SI£3ia8g 3 cT r-t 4,688,050 ilRiSSlllilllSgs 1 ga"ilsl81sS§lllI a 1,893,694 74,657 1,039,050 108,174 37,382 58,365 27,096 95,228 140,405 64,252 210,637 38,448 South . . Alabama . - . Arkansas . Delaware . Florida . - . - Georgia . Kentucky . . . . Louisiana . Maryland . . - . Mississippi.. . - . North Carolina . Oklahoma— . South Carolina . . . Virginia . West Virginia . District of Columbia . . . I Arizona _ _ - . California . Colorado . . . Idaho . Montana . . . - . Nevada . . . New Mexico . . Oregon . . . . . Utah . . . Washington . Wyoming . Table 7. — School library expenditure by purpose and per pupil expenditure, by region and State: 1953-54 Expenditure BI] (S 3 ft ENP <3 UAL xn © vy SI CO JRVEY OF EE COOiOCOOlCJNNM >U( 00 NATION, 1952-5 ooiot^i^Titcaotoidcoiot^ COOOi-iiOi-iirji-iOlOOOrHOO .98 ^ 5O Undistributed 00 $2,422,196 238, 109 28,454 7,190 29,732 37,652 87,970 34,571 12,540 995,796 337,369 78,912 69,968 11,779 153,174 45,307 131,447 18,717 5,257 95,517 2,161 46,188 708,731 1 iO t}< IQOOOJ KNCOO r-t CO IHO»0 1 00 CO i I i i i i i Binding and rebinding t- $1,294,975 218,626 (NlNt'.OieOiOTfcOiO © O'. © -h io r-i tO 00(M05000JCD'-ITJ1CC> Mho O CO --< © t'- 760,252 36,549 22,246 2,254 76,107 53,303 32,781 Books and pamphlets $16,066,277 2,549,216 118,282 37,603 158,533 19,458 267,009 1,191,296 706,656 16,352 34,027 4,652,536 968,317 294,574 219,770 358,037 620,483 409,422 290,311 97,996 113,048 817,232 79,285 384,061 5,603,830 267,476 189,036 23,952 448,556 283,914 240,930 Total co $25,222,207 3,875,004 ^ X N Cl r O (N o N^OIOOHCOCDIO ooior^co(Ncoo^ai -fl 00©© — «oo i-Hmoto^ooNioo ©^©^^©^©■'fOO NMOiOTfrtOOOO® oOTfcsionomoo® ©©©IN©N<©COOOOO HOtDfNINiON'l'WTf CNOO'1'©IOOOONN co-«coj>©©oO'-<©'f eo-(N--i(Nr-Tr--i aMCKDL'5ClT#000!D CSClUlL^r-lOOrH'rtOII ©N.©N COO0CO© fifi 00 I- NNONHSiOTfrtNt M-^iOCCiOOOMIN OOifOif MNiOiO'tHM NOOHflU5r"HNTo Ci)rCr.ON00iffS IN©C000C0'«t©©O © ©©N©©©©^^^— ©OOCOOO^<-hCOIn.OOCO© OOHIO. IN i co eo eo OH © IO © IN © h- tT © IN O >-s5'5-5 £ S-S*. o|| oS g g g •a ° e3 a >a 'E^s^-2 ® » £ - dJUwgfcfco: 49 Table 8. — Comparative data for expenditures, number of librarians and number of schools with centralized libraries in 267 city school systems reporting, by city size group: 1941-42, 1947-48 and 1953-54 Group I.— CITIES WITH POPULATION OF 100,000 OR MORE 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Number of Schools With Centralized Libraries Secondary 2 1941- 1942 19 749 ©H^rHCDCO-rtiTt<©T}COT^T^THOO^OOOcOOO^cO(NCDCO0000©rHrH■ CO CO CO CO 1 !N IHH 1 ifrOO© lONN ' ■ — i U- ' >-h o>rH»o©’^oO'c}icoi>--icoTrcoi-uo>-H-i»o I-H 00 rH CD Tfl rH CO T}l Tt< CO CO rH CO CO rH -cjl 1947- 1948 CM fH 2,316 I OJrHCO!>OQOrtii-HiOt^cOOOiO»0©COCOrHCOi-iCOiOTjicOiO CO >— lb- I-H CO CO rH © Tjl CO «>h*CO CO 1-H © 1953- 1954 rH rH 00 I <£ h* CM I © 1 ih im i 1 r-H Tfl 1 1 II 1 III II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1953- 1954 03 334 1 CO 'CD 100 1 1 CM 1 CN IHN 1 0 i Cl 05 CO ' 'Onto 1 1 |>» 1 I rH 1 1 1 O 1 CM II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II More than half time 1941- 1942 1,162 I OOt^rHfNIOOOrfOTfCOCOaSIOtTtNlNCOOCrHrHCOINCSCOlO rH C^©rH(N h* rH MNHCOHN rH rH rH rH rH00 05rHr^O>0C005t^C0Of^rHC00JC000C0 OrJHrHCO CO HOHHH NOhh rH (N rH 1947- 1948 CO $1,801,632 oocoHticoNoacooco-ijioioacoooooHtooooio rtiCOOOCOCOOjTti(N©OOOOrHt^.oOOrrt>. CO©©CO'Ht<©3 K^l0^N^SB,o'i,a)N®2 '5 ■°3 S3 Ss .coeqio^b-^oou3^«in:N‘Cr!<0 0^1 Ei ^3 OIOHOC5C5C’ cccmnocjn: H^lOO^HQOi x ^ 2 « o COOC»5COCO«3t^»CpOcDiC^iQO 11 IlillilSIllllls CiX N^M-XicOOMMKCCtS^^jCm 1115 m -H i-H lO §11111 »e*.oa>« at end of table. Table 8. — Comparative data for expenditures, number of librarians and number of schools with centralized libraries in 267 city school systems reporting, by city size group: 1941-42, 1947-48 and 1953-1954 (Continued) 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 Number of Schools With Centralized Libraries Secondary 2 1941- 1942 19 y-ii-iCO C* HHHHHHCO 1 i-H CO 1 1 1947- 1948 00 CO HHHHHHCO ' -1 rH nt< CO >H 00 iH IN »C 1947- 1948 W HCOO 03 HlOHHHNCOHNH N Tjt 1953- 1954 - ,HH iO CO Oh 05 05 CO 05 Oi-iO.-iOO th 05 CO »C CO CO 050—1 005 05 05 0050050 05 —i CO O 05 CO C 05 O CO O O5COXCOC0 05 CO 1-1 1-105 C CO 05 C 05 O CC CO C CO ■cocoit® TTCO r- cc o t- cr. ^ o ao o *o »o O CM ^ ^ CM CD CC CM CM CD i-C O 05 O CM iO CC *C CM CD OC O CC CD ^ CC CM H CM CM h H O 00 05 CD Cl G CC CC ^ CM*Ct>*CO ccTco CO t^CM y-* OCCN O cd co ^ o »o occ*o *o ^XN ^ CC ^ ^ l> 00 cccco i> cc £ 3 ■ <5 « s 3?-a ^ 2; co CO 050 ©coco occco COC^act- O -a- O co h rtONINO P! 1 § a ' >.w Table 8. — Comparative data for expenditures, number of librarians and number of schools with centralized libraries in 267 city school systems reporting, by city size group: 1941-42, 1947-48 and 1953-1954 (Continued) 54 Number of Schools With Centralized Libraries tUd i— i ENNIAL >> C3 T3 C O m SUR\ JL, eo ©2 rEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 n M i-H 00 CM 1-1 i-H CO-tf CM CM IN TfH i-H rH CM eo 1947- 1948 CO CO C3 1-1 00 CM h Cl-tf CO CM CM CM i-H CM CO 1953- 1954 co eo eo h io cm >-h cm coeqn^NHeq co Elementary 1941- 1942 i-H iooo»o ioo ' cieo i-h^-ico '•>* 'co -»< 1947- 1948 1 II III © 1 0 00 to IT^ 1 CO 'COCO 1^ ' 00 *0 i ii ill i ii ill i ii iii 1953- 1954 i i i 00 'OOOOHCO ' CN 'HCOtNCOHCJ © 1 rH 1-H 1 (N T-H 1 (N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tota 1941- 1942 uo eo eo ci eo cs 05 1-1 CMt- eo eo »c h* 10 .-h © i-i i-H CM (NH .-h 1947- 1948 to co co © co co oo cm t-h oi i-H --I CO HNCOHNHC h* 1947- 1948 mcOOOON« CO O® 1-H »C Cl i-H (N i-H Cl CO 1953- 1954 OMCOCIN® CM 1-HOl H 1-H 0 Cl i-H 0 eo o CD »o 00 CO CM i> Cl CO CO CO CM CM i-H t}< CM OOO CM CM i-H CO i-H *o 1953- 1954 6,424 3,183 9,906 2,992 8,101 1,917 9,000 16,140 17,081 5,672 23,872 10,870 6,353 11,916 12,938 City New York (Con’t.) Mount Vernon _ Newburgh _ New Rochelle _ Poughkeepsie _ _ Schenectady.. _ _ Troy: Lansingburg Dist - White Plains _ _ _ Valley Stream: High School Dist - North Carolina Greensboro _ Raleigh _ _ Ohio Alliance. _ East Cleveland _ Euclid _ _ Marion _ _ Parma _ Sandusky _ Shaker Heights - Oregon Salem _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 55 i-H (M 00 CO CO tO d 01 tJI CO CO C<1 CO W (N HN 00 ■>* CO CD . 1 ' T— 1 1 1 II II II II II II CO (NN(NN 05 HH to 00 1 1 1 Tt< ' 'COiH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o *0 ' *0 1 0 rH (M rH rH • » CO 05rH(N05^ 1 r-H CO 1-1 CM rH CO 05 O t> 05 ^ ' CO 05 rf GO CO i— 1 tH I i-H i l 1 o lO *0 lO 05 o O GO 00 05 1-1 IO CS rH l> CM CO i-H ^ r- 1,326 4,350 4.698 3,100 2,000 3.698 3,724 2,339 6,644 3,387 2,384 2,128 CM rH CM CM CM rH eoo»oo50oo r- COCOOOOMN C MOffirtfflrt OC 1,326 5,008 7,106 2,337 2,500 6,766 7,660 4,714 10,951 7,093 3,296 4,130 (MHHCOHCO 2,117 4,856 8,342 1,771 5,000 8,784 1,800 18,044 11,686 9,645 15,950 CO O c *o 05 b- 00*0 Pennsylvania Lancaster. - - Lebanon.. .... — McKeesport _ . New Castle _ New Kensington _ _ Wilkinsburg . __ - - Rhode Island Warwick . .. _ _ South Carolina Columbia- _. . _ _ Texas Amarillo. . _ Beaumont: South Park Dist. Laredo. . _ _ _ _ Waco _ Washington Yakima. _ _ _ Wisconsin Beloit - Madison - Wauwatosa. _ _ West Allis _ r pm Connecticut CR Table 8. — Comparative data for expenditures, number of librarians and number of schools with centralized libraries in 267 city school Oi systems reporting, by city size group: 1941-42, 1947-48 and 1953-1954 ( Continued ) Number of Schools With Centralized Libraries BIENNIA >> 5 £ o o m lL SB 22 rRVi 05 3Y OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 1 rH f-H rH HH IHH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1947- 1948 18 ',H h HH HH IHH I (NH(N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 ssg 05 2 17 1 C* rH rH rH rH IHH 1 . i t II ICO CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH ^ ! CO i i i i Total 1941- 1942 CO rHCN . "^cot^eoco ©©- hhhnnhhcih © ,-< cm co co co 01 *o h i— ( ©t>. © © © co -h .-< ihNH^NHHCON ©OCM © © CM © CM CM ©CO © CM 00 CO CO 00©©t>.^H NiQhh 'COCMCM HS ©CM CO CO CO ©0©0©©-i*Ht~ oeocMcoCi©©eo© COCOCOCMCMOCM© O ' 00 O IO H 1 o 1 CM i-i 3,065 3,645 Ot-O^00 O IO T}1 CO lOrfCO^OC^ - CM 'Oi 0©t^©©005©i-H ©©-hco©©©csx> T^i-H^I-HCO©©CO 921 1,233 2,931 ©COi-«^OC^^ (NNNWMN^ ^ CO ^ CO 00 *o (NH nVh 2,504 2,307 2,100 1,109 3,359 1,192 650 2,091 1,603 2,601 1,499 1,374 600 985 470 2,250 801 00©S')'IM(OON ©0©©1>i-iCM©0 o©cMor^©oo©co 2,394 2,891 3,255 5,300 6,299 1,709 3,211 5,377 1,908 1,582 2,061 3,387 1,348 7,431 1,919 1,600 hONhO ^ >1 o-S'o is u, S 50 Is -2 "m US o ;> “ “r“ n ^ t, e3 a> £5 ££ x a E^-s cJ!* g o o 0) c3>E CS)J> °.£ e s 3 gsg.sg 58 a -\ “ a V 2 S .g a s “ 5 «- C c aw .•SON -gS §2 °co a t4 £2 C Tf 2^ Son s- a •§§ 0 & u v ® .S a <# £ * o a ss « t» a) a 2 mi E fa V 0 ft ft * V « fa fa cn <® £ a £ o y BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 IN i— I ,—1 CO IN HN. .§ s -U 01 C3 o ffi .3 6 IN i— I i-H CO IN i-H IN . lOtON i CO CO i * ag jd g o c3 ■8-a '0-^5 C ® Q, %-fl & ftaa W NH I CO IN HNi C-IC0 lO N rJIOOr 00 nONffiio oeooo HCCHffiO (NOO MJOOOCO NCOO NKOCON O CD O O00O*DCD rfiOCO UOOOIO^HN C0-HO5 NUJN^ih -^^00 CDt^i-HOOOS O , o££ © IN IN IN CD IN CO 00 CO ID O •** Z < U) ^ ^O Alamosa - 1 - 1 1,600 | 1,731 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 59 fH,-H .-I i—1 HH(N 1-1 t-l'H.-H HHC^ .-5 NrtN CO li-l CO 1-1 < co ci co . ■-i CO CO CO -i i-h-^uo t*( cocoeo eo CO ,H IQ 1— I 1* 'i* CO .-I50-H in cococo ^ oooo r- t- t> t-i CO OOi-iCO CC o CC LO 00 05 co u- co oo >o os O'- 00 t> 05 O co oo eo oo o eo m o«h l- lOCOO t*- OOt-iO OeOCO O «o co •**’ to eoooeo eo HiCN CO 50 ^ t^oeo iO iO O^HCO C5OC0 CO CO 05 ococo CO NCOO 50 C5 O O 50 O C0 00 05 50 coco o 5000 — coco eo o Tf* 0-^0 OCOCO L- CO 5000 t^eO^H o iooin co eo eo d"S og oj £ I g’lt M So: c o;m XI O 8 * ^ C3 a z. 03 2*2 £ Zza 63» 31 g §2^ O 03 « PQO& o c£ a o « ° no® S| ° 1 do ■g >» 33 OSi> OSO'I 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1952-54 1 ■5 cn w *3 b- vO M G CD y *3 CB JU 1.| es S h © C x .tJON ■gs §2 X *■8 0* t -=b. C ^ ’g | CO Nhhhhh -< rH CM rH rH 1947- 1948 18 CM CM rH CM i-( rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 1953- 1954 17 rH CM rH CM l-l rH rH rH rH rH rH rH Elementary 1941- 1942 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II ' 1 II ifHOO 1 1-H co o co o a cd »o i o r- *-H (M CD co 00 1 O CO