// y ^ * j ; ' ^ , U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Marion B. Folsom, Secretary U S Office of Education in LAWRENCE G. DerTHICK, Commissioner BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1950-52 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1957 £//«- u /II I I'yopz *./ OFFICE OF EDUCATION Created March 2, 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department, July 1, 1869 Transferred to the Federal Security Agency, July 1, 1939 Federal Security Agency renamed U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, April 11, 1953 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL.D. March Ilf, 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Ph.D., LL.D. March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L.H.D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William T. Harris, Ph.D., LL.D. September 12 , 1889, to June 30, 1906 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph.D., LL.D. July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1911 Philander Priestley Claxton, Litt.D., LL.D. July 8, 1911, to June 1, 1921 John James Tigert, M.A. (Oxon), Ed.D., LL.D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed.D., Litt.D., LL.D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. July 11, 1933, to June 30, 193 If John W. Studebaker, LL.D. October 28, 193 If, to July 15, 19 lf8 Earl James McGrath, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D. March 18, 191f9, to April 22, 1953 Lee M. Thurston, Ph.D. July 2, 1953, to September If, 1953 Samuel Miller Brownnell, Ph.D. November 16, 1953, to August 31, 1956 Lawrence G. Derthick, LL.D. ~ ’ 9,1956 L 111 . A323 1950-52 'LS-n TV-a;>8l3o. i Biennial survey of education in the United States CONTENTS Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1951-52. 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1951-52. 4. Section I: Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52. Section II: Statistics of Higher Education: Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52. 5. Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52. 6. Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52. hi INDEX A Academic training, military personnel at service academies and civilian schools, Federal funds, 1 : 15 Acres of school land, State school systems, 2 : 78-79 Addition to buildings, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 76-77 Adjusted dollars, applied to average annual salaries, city school systems, 3 : 13 Administrative expenditures : city school systems, 1 : 36 ; 3 : 15-16, 27, 30-137 higher institutions, 4 : II : 6, 31, 35-39, 47, 49, 76-89 major type of governmental unit, 2 : 66-67 State school systems, 2 : 64-67, 95 Administrative organization, public elemen¬ tary and secondary education, 2 : 2-4 Administrative staffs : and instructional, city school systems, number, 3:8 » and professional, State school systems, salaries, 2 : 66-67 intermediate and ultimate or basic units, 2 : 28-29 public school systems, 1 : 34 ; 2:3 Administrative units, number and type, 1:2, 4-5; 2:32-35 Administrators, higher institutions, number, by sex, 4:1: 62-71 Adult, Americanization, and continuation classes, expenditures, 1 : 35 Adult education : city school systems, 3 : 10, 18-19, 26-28 Negro, expenditures, 2 : 96 State school systems, teachers, enroll¬ ment, expenditures, 2 : 86 Adult population, educational attainment, 4 : 1 : 42 Adult schools, expenditures, 2 : 64-65 Aggregate number of days attended, public school systems, 1 : 34 ; 2 : 50, 93 ; 3 : 24 Agricultural experiment stations, Federal funds, 1 : 15 Agricultural programs, federally aided, en¬ rollment, 1 : 32 Agriculture : degrees conferred, 1:46; 4 : 1 : 40 special students, higher institutions, 4 : 1 : 27, 92-93 Alaska : Federal funds for education, 1 : 15 higher education — faculty, students, and degrees, 1 : 53 All-day vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 32 American Printing House for the Blind, Fed¬ eral funds, 1 : 15 Americanization, adult, night, continuation, and summer schools, city school systems : expenditures, 3 : 18-19, 28 pupils and staff, 3 : 10, 26 Analysis of degrees by major field of study, 4:1: 36-37 Annual expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance : full-time day schools, 2 : 80-81 public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 28-29 Negro schools, 2 : 96 Annuity funds, higher institutions, 1 : 50- 64 ; 4 : II : 6, 8, 28-29, 47, 49, 70-75, 91-97 Appropriation and taxation, revenue re¬ ceipts, by State, 2 : 15, 58-61 Architecture : degrees conferred, 1 : 46 ; 4 : 1 : 40 enrollment, 4:1: 27, 92-93 Arts and sciences, enrollment, special stu¬ dents, 4 : 1 : 27 Atomic Energy Commission, Federal funds for education, 1 : 15 Attendance : city school systems, 3 : 5-6, 24, 30-137 Negro public schools, 2 : 22, 93, 97 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 26-27 ; 2. : 53, 97 State school systems, 2 : 50-52 white and Negro public schools, 1 : 62 ; 2: 97 Attendance officers, public secondary day schools, number, 5 : 12, 62-63, 77 Auxiliary enterprises, higher education : expenditures, 4 : II : 6, 35-39-41, 76-89 income, 4 : II : 22-23, 46, 48, 50-63 Average annual salary, instructional staff : city school systems, 3 : 13-14, 27 Negro public schools, 1 : 60 ; 2: 87, 97 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 23, 25 State school systems, 1 : 28-29, 60, 62 ; 2 : 16-18, 26-27, 70-71, 87, 97 white and Negro public schools, 1 : 62 Average daily attendance : city school systems, 1 : 34 ; 3:6, 30-137 historical summary, 2 : 25, 93 Negro public schools, 2 : 22, 93-94 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 18, 60 ; 2 : 7, 10-11, 50-53, 93 Average enrollment, public secondary day schools, 5: 6, 12-13, 28-33, 38, 41 1 2 INDEX Average expenditures, white and Negro schools, comparative data, 1 : 62 Average length of school term : public elementary and secondary schools 1 : 18, 27, 60 ; 2 : 10-11, 53, 93 white and Negro public schools, 1 : 62 Average membership, full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, 2 : 50, 53 Average number of days attend : city school systems, 1 : 34, 3 : 6-8 Negro public schools, 1 : 60 ; 2 : 87, 93 public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 25, 53 white and Negro schools, 2 : 97 Average number of pupils, public secondary day schools, 5 : 6, 13, 28-33 Average number of teachers per public sec¬ ondary day schoool, 5 : 6, 13, 36-37 Average pupil-teacher ratio, public second¬ ary day schools, 5 : 38-39, 41 Average salary per staff member, public sec¬ ondary day schools, 5 : 40 Auxiliary services, expenditures : city school systems, 1 : 36 ; 3 : 15, 16, 28 State school systems, 2 : 64-65, 72-73, 95 B Bachelor’s degrees : historical summary, 1 : 40 ; 4 : 1 : 37, 45 Negro institutions, 1 : 63 ; 4 : 1 : 12 number, 1 : 43, 45-48 ; 4 : 1 : 10, 12, 35-41, 45, 47-55, 58-61 Badger, Henry G., and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52 : 4 : I: 1-102 Statistics of Higher Education : Re- cepits, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52, 4 : II : 1-101 Balances on hand, public school systems, 2 : 15, 26, 56-57, 62-63 ; 3 : 27, 29 Basic accounts, city school systems, 3 : 15 Basic administrative units, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 3, 28-29, 32-35 Biological sciences, degrees conferred, 1:46; 4:1:40 Boards of education : contributions to retirement, 2 : 74—75 intermediate and ultimate, or basic units of administration, 2 : 28-29 salaries, 2 : 66-67 State, number and size, 2 : 2 Bonded indebtedness, city school districts, 3 : 21-22 Bonds: city school systems, 1:37; 3:29 State school systems, 2 : 62-63, 74-75 Books, libraries in institutions of higher education : circulation, 6 : 13-17, 42, 49-56 stock, 1 : 56 ; 6 : 5-9, 38, 49-56 Boys : enrollment, public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 3 : 25 number in public high schools, 5:2, 6, 9 Building reserves, State school systems, bal¬ ances on hand, 2 : 62-63 Building sites, State school systems, expendi¬ tures, 2:76-77, 96 Buildings, State school systems, expendi¬ tures, 2 : 76-77, 96 Business and Commerce, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1:41 c Canal Zone : Federal funds for education, 1 : 16 higher education — faculty, students, and degrees, 1 : 53 Capital outlay : annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance, 1 : 28-29 ; 2 : 80-81 city school systems, 1:37; 3 : 15, 19-20, 29 Negro public schools, 2 : 96 State school systems, 2 : 19, 64-65, 76- 79 Catholic elementary and secondary schools, number of schools, teachers, and pupils, 2 : 23-24, 102-103 Chemistry, degrees conferred, 1 : 47 ; 4 : 1 : 41 Chief State school officers, number, 2 : 30-31 Churches, contributions, higher institutions, 4 : II : 27 Circulation of books, higher institution libraries, 6 : 13-17, 42, 49-56 City school systems : attendance, 3 : 5-6, 24, 30-137 fiscal data, 1 : 36-37 statistics, 1 : 33 ; 3 : 1-137 City universities, colleges, and normal schools : enrollment and attendance, 3 : 26 number and personnel, 3 : 25 Civilian institutions, military personnel, Federal funds, academic training, 1 : 15 Civilian noninstitutional population, en¬ rollment : ages 5-17, 2 : 9 private schools and colleges, 1 : 8 Classical foreign languages, degrees con¬ ferred, 1:46; 4 : 1 : 40 Classification, city school systems, 3 : 1-2 Classroom teachers, public secondary day schools, 5 : 12, 36-37, 62-63, 68-69, 81 Clerical staff : city school systems, number, 3 : 24, 31- 137 Negro schools, 2. : 88 salaries, State school systems, 2 : 68-69 State departments of education, num¬ ber, 2:30-31 State school systems, number, 2 : 28, 36-37 INDEX 3 Coast Guard personnel, Federal funds for education, 1 : 16 College and graduate training, Naval Re¬ search personnel, Federal funds, 1:15 College work and population, 4:1: 42—43 Colleges : and universities and professional schools for Negroes, 1:63; 4 : 1 : 12 enrollment, 1 : 39-45 instructors — number, 1 : 41-43 Columbia Institution for the Deaf, Federal funds, 1:15 Commerce, enrollment, 4:1: 27, 94-95 Community services, expenditures : city sehool systems, 1 : 36 ; 3:28 State school systems, 2 : 72-73 Comparative summary : fiscal data, public school systems, 3 : 27- 29 general statistical data, public school systems, 1 : 34-35 ; 3 : 24-26 Continuation, adult, Americanization, night, and summer schools, city school systems : expenditures, 3 : 18-19, 28 pupils and staff, 3 : 10, 26 Cooperative agricultural extension work, Federal funds, 1 : 15 Correspondence and extension services, higher institutions, enrollment, 1:45; 4:1: 11-12, 30-33, 47 Counseling and guidance officers, public secondary day schools, 5 : 12, 62-63, 81 County sources, revenue receipts : city school systems, 3 : 27 State school systems, 2 : 14, 56-63 Current expenditures : city school systems, 3 : 15-18, 30-137 higher institutions, 4 : II : 6, 29, 35-39, 42, 47, 49, 76-90 Negro schools, 2 : 95-97 public school systems, 1 : 28-29, 36-39, 62 State school systems, 2 : 16-19, 26-27, 64-69, 72-77, 80-83, 95-97 white and Negro public schools, 2 : 97 Current income, higher institutions, 1 : 50, 64 ; 4 : II : 6, 7-9, 12-25, 46, 48-63 Current receipts per capita of total popula¬ tion, higher education, 4 : II : 9-12 Custodial employees in public schools, num¬ ber, 2 : 38-39 D Day high schools, see Secondary day schools (public). Day schools, current expenditures, 2 : 64-65 Day-unit vocational classes, federally aided, 1 : 32 Days taught, city school systems, 3 : 7, 30- 137 Deans, public secondary day schools, tabu¬ lated as assistant principals, 5 : 80 Debt funds, State school systems, 2 : 78-79 Debt retirement. State school systems, 2 : 74- 75 Debt services : city school systems, 1 : 37 ; 3 : 15, 20- 21, 29 Negro public schools, 2 : 96 State school systems, 2 : 74-75 Decrease in number of 1-teacher public schools, 1 : 23 Degrees : analysis by major field of study, 4:1: 36-37 bachelor’s, 1 : 40-41, 43, 45-48, 63 ; 4 : 1 : 10, 12, 35-41, 45, 47-55, 58-61 doctor’s, 1 : 40, 43, 45-47, 63 ; 4:1:10, 35-41, 45, 47-55, 58-61 engineering, number conferred, 1 : 45- 46, 48 historical summary, 1:45; 4:1:34-35 master’s, 1 : 40, 43, 45-47, 63 ; 4:1:10, 12, 35-41, 45, 47-55, 58-61 Negro institutions, 4 : 1 : 12 number conferred, 1 : 43, 45-48, 63 ; 4 : 1 : 10, 12, 35-41, 45, 47-55, 58-61 Denominational schools, see Nonpublic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools. Dental hygienists, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Dentistry : degrees conferred, 1 : 47, 4:1:41 professional schools, enrollment, 4:1: 94-95 special students, 4 : 1 : 27 Dentists, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Department heads, public secondary day schools, 5 : 12, 80 Department of Agriculture, Federal funds for education, 1 : 15 Department of Commerce, Federal funds for education, 1:15 Department of Defense, Federal funds for education, 1 : 15 Department of Justice, Federal funds for education, 1 : 15 Department of State, Federal funds for edu¬ cation, 1 : 15 Department of the Interior, Federal funds for education, 1 : 15 Department of the Treasury, Federal funds for education, 1 : 15 Distribution of expenditures among basic accounts, 3 : 15 Distribution of revenue receipts, State school systems, 2 : 60-61 Distributive occupations, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 32 District of Columbia, Federal funds for edu¬ cation, 1 : 17 Doctor’s degrees : historical summary, 1:40; 4:1: 37, 45 number, 1 : 40, 43, 45-47, 63 ; 4:1: 10, 12, 35-41, 45, 47-55, 58-61 4 INDEX E Earned degrees, number conferred, 1 : 43, 45-48, 63 ; 4:1:10, 12, 35-41, 45, 47-55, 58-61 Economics, degrees conferred, 1 : 47 ; 4: 1 : 41 Education : degrees conferred, 1 : 46 ; 4 : 1 : 40 enrollment of special students, 4:1:27 professional schools, enrollment, 4:1: 94-95 Education and training of veterans : enrollment, expenditures and types, 1 : 53-54 Federal funds, 1 : 17 Education in broad range, 1 : 1-14 Educational and general expenditures, higher institutions, 4 : II : 4, 6, 35—39, 49, 76—89 Educational and general income, higher in¬ stitutions, 4 : II ' 9—22, 50—63 8-4 plan of organization, high schools, 5 : 22- 23, 25, 40-41 Elementary and secondary education : sources of income, 1:10 statistical summary, 1:17-39 Elementary and secondary schools (Cath¬ olic), see Catholic elementary and sec¬ ondary schools. Elementary and secondary schools (public) : administrative organization, 2 : 25 average annual salary, instructional staff, 1 : 33, 25, 28-29, 60, 62 ; 2 : 16, 18, 26-27, 70-71, 87, 97; 3:13-14, 27 average daily attendance, 1:18, 26—27, 34, 60 ; 2 : 10-11, 22, 25, 50-53, 93-94 average length of school term, 1 : 18, 27, 60 ; 2 : 10-11, 53, 93 clerical staff, 2 :228, 36-37, 68-69, 88 ; 3 : 24, 31-137 cost per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance, 2 : 80-81 enrollment, 1 : 6—7, 17—21 ; 2 : 6-10, 21- 22, 25, 40-50, 89-94 expenditures, 1 : 18-19, 23, 28-29 ; 2 : 16-20, 23, 64-69, 72-77, 86, 95-97 finances, 1 : 18-19, 23-25 ; 2 : 12-20, 23, 26-27 financial data, 1 : 28—29 historical summary, 1 : 18-19 : 2: 25—27 instructional staff, 2 : 5, 16, 18, 36—37, 68-71, 87-88, 97 length of school terms, 1 : 18, 27, 60, 62 ; 2 : 10-11, 22, 63, 93, 97 men teachers, 1 : 10-11, 18, 34-35 ; 2 : 5, 25, 36-37, 88 ; 3:8, 24-25 Negro education, 1 : 59-62 ; 2 : 20—23, 87-97 noninstructional staff, 2 : 38-39 number, 2 : 54—55 per capita expenditure, 2 : 80-81 per pupil cost, 2 : 80-81, 96-97 personnel in health, transportation, custodial, and miscellaneous services, 2 : 38-39 pupil-teacher ratio, 2 : 11, 48-49 Elementary and secondary schools — Con. retirement contributions, 2 : 74-75 revenue receipts, 1 : 18, 23-24, 26, 28— 29 ; 2 : 13-15, 26, 56-61 ; 3 : 10-12, 27 student fees, 1 : 2 teachers, 1 : 10-11, 18, 34-35 ; 2 : 5, 25, 36-37, 88 ; 3:8, 24-25 total number, 2 : 54-55 total population and school-age popu¬ lation, 2 : 25, 40-41, 48-49 value of school property, 1 : 37 women teachers : 1:11, 18, 34-35 ; 2 : 25, 36-37 ; 3 : 24-25 Elementary schools (public) : enrollment, 1 : 6—7, 17, 20 ; 2 : 8, 40— 45, 89-92 ; 3 : 25 expenditures, 1 : 13 instructional staff: average salary, 2 : 70-71 number, 2 : 36-37 number, 1 : 4-5 ; 2 : 54-55, 94 ; 3:25 teachers, 1 : 11, 34, 61 ultimate and basic administrative units, 32-33 11-year school system, 5 : 19-20 Endowment funds, higher institutions : by control of institution, 1 : 50-51 Negro institutions, 1 : 64 Endowments, higher institutions : learnings, 4 : II : 6, 14—17, 20, 46, 48, 50-63 funds. 4 : II : 6, 28-29, 43-47, 49, 70- 75, 91-97 Engineering : degrees conferred, 4:1:40 enrollment, 1:48; 4:1: 27, 96-97 Engineers, number, public schools : 2 : 38-39 English, degrees conferred, 1:46: 4 : I : 40 Enrolled pupils, percent attending public schools, daily, 2 : 7 Enrollment : adult education classes, 2 : 86 Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 23-24, 102-103 city school systems, 1 : 34-35 ; 3 : 4-5, 6, 24-26, 30-137 civilian noninstitutional population, 1:8; 2:9 federally aided vocational classes, 1 : 32 fewer than 10 pupils, high schools, 5 : 16 5,000 or more, high schools, 5 : 18 full-time day schools, public and pri¬ vate, 1 : 6-7 higher institutions, 1 : 6-7, 41-49 : 4:1: 6-7, 9-10, 12, 15-34, 44, 46- 61, 72-99 ; 6:37, 49-56 junior colleges, 1:43; 4:1: 7-9, 46-47 Negro public schools, 1 : 59-61 ; 2:21- 22, 89-94, 97 noncollegiate resident in higher insti¬ tutions, 4:1: 31-33, 47-57, 74-75, 78-79, 82-83, 86-87, 90-91 nonpublic schools, 2 : 23-24, 100-101 1-teacher, 2-teacher, and 3-teacher schools, 2. : 54-55, 94 part-time and summer schools, 3 : 10 INDEX 5 Enrollment — Continued percent change, public schools, 2 : 8-9 postgraduate secondary, 2 : 42-45, 90 ; 5:9 public schools: and nonpublic, 1 : 21 elementary and secondary, 1:17- 21 ; 2 : 6-10, 25, 40-50, 89-94 secondary, 1 ; 17-18 ; 26-27, 31, 34 ; 2 : 6-10, 25, 40-50, 89-91 ; 3 : 25 ; 5 : 6-33, 38-61, 72-73 resident college, 1 : 6, 40, 43, 44 ; 4:1: 6-7, 9-10, 12, 16-18, 20-25, 28-34, 46-61, 72-91 summer: city school systems, 2 : 86 ; 3:26 higher institutions, extension and correspondence work, 1 : 45 total, all levels, 1 : 3 white and Negro, public schools, 2 : 97 Equipment : city school systems, expenditures, 3 : 29 library books, laboratory, furniture, buses, expenditures by State, 2 : 76-77 Negro schools, 2 : 96 Evaluation of foreign student transcripts by Office of Education, 1 : 65 Evening vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 32 Exceptional children, residential schools, enrollment, 1 : 6-7 Expenditures : city school systems: capital outlay, 3 : 19-20 current data, 3 : 30-137 debt service, 3 : 20-21 distribution among basic accounts, 3 : 15-16 part-time education and summer schools, 3 : 18-19 per pupil, 1 : 38-39 ; 3 : 16-18 percentage analysis, 3:15 summary, cities of 2,500 popula¬ tion and more, 1 : 34, 36-37 ; 3 : 27-29 educational, by level and control, 1 : 13 higher institutions: by type and control, 1 : 51 ; 4 : II : 49 current fund expenditures, 4 : II : 29-31 historical summary, 4 : II : 47 library, 1 : 58-59 ; 6 : 26-31, 47-49, 56 Negro education, 1 : 64 ; 4 : II : 6 percent increase, 4 : II : 4 percentage analysis, 1 : 52 ; 4:1: 31-41 plant expansion, 1 : 49-51, 64 ; 4 : II : 6, 41-42, 47, 49, 90 total current, 1 : 50 ; 4 : II : 41-42 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 18-19, 23, 28-29 ; 2:16- 20, 23, 64-69, 72-77, 86, 95-97 Expenditures — Continued State school systems: administration, 2 : 66-67 adult education, 2 : 64-65, 86 auxiliary services, 2 : 72-73 capital outlay, 2:19, 64-65, 76-77 day schools, 2 : 64-65 debt retirement, 2 : 74-75 equipment, 2 : 76-77, 96 fixed charges, 2 : 74-75 health services, 2 : 72-73 historical summary, 2 : 26-27 improvements to buildings, 2 : 76- 77 instruction, 2 : 68-69 insurance and judgments, 2 : 74—75 interest, 2 : 64-65, 74-75, 80-81 Negro education, 1 : 60 ; 2 : 23, 95- 97 operation and maintenance, 2 : 72- 73 per capita, 2 : 80-81 per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance, 1 : 28-29 ; 2:18, 80-83, 96- 97 pupil transportation, 2 : 18, 72-73, 84-85 school lunch program, 2 : 84-85 sites and buildings, 2 : 76-77 summary, 2 : 64—65 summer schools, 2 : 64—65, 86 vocational education, summary, 1 : 33 Extension and correspondence work, higher institutions, enrollment, 1:45, 63, 4:1: 11-12 F Faculty, higher institutions : library staff having faculty status, 6 : 25-26, 46 Negro, 4 : 1 : 12 number, 1 : 41-43, 63 ; 4:1:10, 12-15, 44, 46, 48-71 regular and summer sessions, 4:1: 62- 71 Federal funds : education, 1 : 14—17 higher institutions, 4 : II : 10—11, 13- 20, 46, 48, 50-63, 65-69 vocational education, 2 : 60-61 Federal Merchant Marine schools, Federal funds, 1 : 15 Federal revenue receipts : city school systems, 3 : 27 State school systems, 2 : 56-61 Federal schools : Alaskans, 1 : 11 Indians, 1 : 11, 13 Federal Security Agency, Federal funds for education, 1 : 14-15 Federally aided vocational education : enrollment, 1 : 32 expenditures, 1 : 14, 33 429858—57 - 2 6 INDEX Finances : city school systems, 3 : 10-22 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 18-19, 23-25 : 2 : 12-20 higher institutions, 1 : 40, 60 ; 4 : II : 6. 46-47 Negro public schools, 2 : 23 Financial data, public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1 : 28-29 Fine arts, degrees conferred, 1:46: 4 : 1 : 40 First professional degree, number, 1 : 43, 45- 47 ; 4 : 1 : 12, 40-41 First-time college students, enrollment. 4 : 1 : 12, 23-26, 46. 48-57, 72-73, 76-77, 80-81, 84-85, 88-89 Fiscal data, city school systems, 1 : 36-37 ; 3 : 27-29 5,000 or more enrollment, public secondary day schools, 5 : 17-18 Fixed charges : city school systems. 3 : 15. 16, 28 public school systems, 1 : 36 State school systems, 2 : 64-65, 74-75. 95 Food service employees, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Foreign languages, degrees conferred, 1:46: 4:1:40 Foreign Operations Administration, Federal funds for education, 1 : 17 Foster, Emery M. : and Herlihy, Lester B„ Statistics of City School Systems : Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1951-52, 3 : 1-137 and Mishoff, Willard O., Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52. 6 : 1-60 and Smith, Rose Marie, Statistical Summary of Education, 1951-52, 1 : 1-65 and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees. 1951-52, 4:1:1-102 Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52. 4 : II : 1-101 Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1951-52, 2 : 1-105 Foundations, contributions, higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 27 Four major accounts, expenditures, city school systems, 3 : 30-137 Free textbooks, State school systems, current expenditures, 2 : 68-69 French, degrees conferred, 1:46; 4:1:40 Fuel, light, power, etc,, State school systems. 2 : 72-73, 95 Full-time day schools : average daily attendance, 2 : 50-52 : 3:5-6 average length of school term. 2 : 53 average number of days attended, 2 : 53 comparative summary of general sta¬ tistical data, 3 : 24-25 Full-time day schools — Continued current expenditures, 3 : 30-137 enrollment, 1 : 6-7, 20 : 2 : 40—50 ; 3 : 4- 5, 6, 24-25 ; 30-137 high school graduates, 2 : 40-41 instructional staff and clerical assist¬ ants, 2 : 36-37 kindergarten, pupils, 2 : 42-45 per pupil expenditures, 3 : 16-18 ratio of pupils enrolled to total and school-age population, 2 : 48-49 salaries, instructional staff, 3 : 12-14 total population and school-age popula¬ tion, 2 : 40-41 G Gaumnitz, Walter H., and Rice, Mabel C., Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52, 5:1-81 General trends, higher education : finances, 4 : II : 1-7 staff members, enrollment, degrees, fis¬ cal picture, 1 : 39 students, 4:1: 15-16 Geographic coverage, statictics of State school systems, 2 : 104 Geography, degrees conferred, 1:46; 4:1: 40 German, degrees conferred, 1:46; 4 : 1 : 40 Gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds, Negro higher institutions, 1 : 64 Girls : enrollment, public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 3 : 25 number in public high schools, 5 : 2, 6, 9 Graduate students, higher institutions : enrollment, 1:42, 44, 63; 4:1:11-12, 19-20, 44, 47, 72-73, 76-77, 80-81, 84-85, 88-89, 92-99 Negroes 4:1:12 Graduate work, enrollment, higher institu¬ tions. 1 : 42, 44. 63 Graduates, secondary day schools : going to college, number, 4:1:26 public, number, 1 : 31 ; 2 : 11-12, 22, 40-41, 87. 89 ; 5 : 6-7, 41, 74-75, 81 total, number, 1 : 21-22 Guidance officers, public secondary day schools, 5 : 12, 40, 62-63 II Hawaii, higher education, faculty, students, and degrees. 1 : 53 Health personnel in public schools, number 2 : 38-39 Health services, expenditures : city school systems, 3 : 28 State school systems, 2 : 72—73 Herlihy, Lester B., and Foster, Emery M., Statistics of City School Systems : Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1951-52, 3 : 1-137 INDEX 7 High schools, see Catholic elementary and secondary schools, Incomplete high schools (public). Junior high schools (public). Junior-senior high schools (public), Part or incomplete high schools (public). Regu¬ lar high schools (public), Reorganized high schools (public). Secondary schools (non¬ public), Senior high schools (public), Un¬ graded high schools (public). Higher education : changing patterns, 4:1: 7-8 development, 4:1: 5-12 general trends and staff, 1 : 39—41 historical summary, 1 : 40, 49 ; 4:1: 37, 44-45 : 4 : II : 46-47 receipts, expenditures, and property, 4 : II : 1-101 Higher institutions : endowment funds, 4 : II : 14-17, 20, 44- 46, 48-63, 70, 91 enrollment, 1 : 6-7, 41-49 ; 4 : 1 : 6-7, 9- 10, 12, 15-34, 44, 46-61, 72-99; 6: 37, 49-56 expenditures, 1 : 13, 50-52, 57-59, 64 : 4 : II : 4. 6, 29, 31-42, 47, 49, 76-90 ; 6:26-31, 47—49, 56 faculty, students, and degrees, 1 : 42-43. 63 income, 1 : 10, 12-13, 49-51, 64 ; 4 : II : 4. 6, 7-9, 12-25, 46. 48-63 libraries, 1 : 52, 54-57 : 4 : II : 6, 32, 35- 39, 47, 49, 76-77 ; 6 : 1-60 number, 1 : 4-5 : 4 : 1 : 2-4 : 4 : TI : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II : 35-37 physical property and plant funds, value. 4 : II : 4. 6. 43. 47. 49 plant expansion, receipts, 4 : II : 46, 48- 49. 65 property, 4 : II : 91-97 Historical summary : higher education, 1 : 40, 49 ; 4:1: 37. 44-45 ; 4 : II : 46-47 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 17-19 ; 2 : 25-27 Historical trends, degrees awarded, 4:1: 34- 35 History, degrees conferred, 1:47: 4 : I : 41 Hobson, Carol Joy, and others, Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1951-52 ; 2 : 1-105 Holding power, public day high schools, 5 : 41 Home economics : degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1:41 enrollment, 1:32; 4:1:27, 96-97 Howard University, Federal funds, 1 : 15 I Improvements to buildings, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 76-77 Income : higher institutions, 1 : 10, 12-13, 49- 51, 64 ; 4 : II : 4, 6, 7-28, 46, 48-63 Income — Continued labor force, per member, 2 : 70 national and personal, defined, 2 : 105 publicly and privately controlled educa¬ tion, 1 : 12-13 Incomplete high schools (public), 5:15-16 Indebtedness, State school systems, 2 : 20 Indians : Federal schools, 1 : 6-7, 11, 13, 15 separate colleges, 4:1:11 Individual income, total national, related to expenditures for higher education, 4 : II : 29-31 Individual instruction, higher institutions, 4:1: 30-33. 47-57, 74-75, 78-79, 82-83, 86-87. 90-91 Instruction, expenditures : city school systems, 1 : 36—37 ; 3 : 15-16, 27, 30-137 Negro public schools, 2 : 95 State school systems, 2 : 68-69, 95 Instructional staff : city school systems, 3 : 12-14. 30-137 higher institutions, 1 : 41-43 ; 4 : 1 : 14- 15 Negro public schools, 1 : 59-61 ; 2 : 22- 23, 88, 97 nonpublic schools, 2 : 24, 98—99 State school systems, 1 : 28-29 ; 2:5, 16, 18, 25, 36-37, 68-69, 70-71, 97 white and Negro public schools 2 : 97 Insurance and judgment, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 74-75 Interest payments : city school systems, 3 : 15, 27, 29 indebtedness, public school systems, 1 : 37 Negro public schools, 2 : 96 per pupil, 1 : 28-29 ; 2 : 80-81 State school systems, 2 : 19-20, 64-65, 74-75 Interlibrary transactions, higher institu¬ tions, 6 : 17-18, 43 Intermediate administrative units, State school systems, 2 : 3, 28-29 Internal sources, income, higher institutions, 4 : II : 23-24 International relations, degrees conferred, 1 : 47 ; 4 : 1 : 41 J Janitors, etc., wages, Negro public schools, 2 : 95 Jaracz, William A., and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Fac¬ ulty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52, 4:1: 1-102 Statistics of Higher Education : Re¬ ceipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52, 4 : II : 1-101 Journalism, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1: 41 INDEX 8 Junior colleges : endowment funds, 4 : II : 28, 44-45, 62-63, 74-75, 97 enrollment, 1 : 49, 63 ; 4:1: 7-8, 9, 12, 17-19, 24-25, 33, 46-47, 56-57 expenditures, 4 : II : 39-40, 42, 48-49, 88-90 faculty, number, 4:1: 56-57, 70-71 income, 4 : II : 17, 48-49, 62-63 libraries, 4 : II : 39, 88-89 Negro, 1:63; 4:1:12 number, 1 : 63 ; 4:1: 3-4, 7, 9-12 ; 4 : II : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II : 39 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43, 49 property, 4 : II : 97 receipts for plant expansion, 4 : II : 48- 49, 69 Junior high schools (public) : classroom teachers, 5 : 68-69 enrollment, 5 : 23-24, 54-55, 72-73 growth of movement, 5 : 8-9, 40 number, 5 : 22-23, 26, 44-45, 70-71 professional staff members, 5 : 66-67 Junior-senior high schools (public) : classroom teachers, 5 : 68-69 enrollment, 5 : 23, 60-61, 72-73 graduates, 5 : 74-75 number, 5 : 22-23, 26, 50-51, 70-71 professional staff members, 5 : 66-67 K Kindergartens, full-time day schools : enrollment, 1 : 6-7, 34 ; 2 : 42-45, 90 ; 3:24 number of school systems and classes, 3 : 24 supervisors and teachers, 3 : 24 teachers, 1 : 34 L Labor force, personal income per member, 2 : 70-71 Laboratory equipment, furniture, and fix¬ tures, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 76-77 Land-grant colleges, Federal funds, 1 : 14 Large higher institutions, growth, 4:1:8; 4 : II : 4-5 Last 4 years of public secondary day schools, number and percent of pupils in each year, 5 : 7 Law, higher institutions : degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1:41 graduates and undergraduates, by sex, 1 : 96-97 special students, enrollment, 4:1:27 Length of school term, 1 : 18, 27, 60 ; 2 : 10- 11, 22, 53, 93, 97; 3 : 6-8 Liberal arts colleges : earned degrees 4:1: 37, 52-53 endowment funds : 4 : II : 28, 44-45, 58-59, 72, 95 expenditures, 4 : II : 36-37, 40-42, 48- 49, 84-85, 90 faculty, number, 4:1: 52—53, 66-67 income, 4 : II : 15, 48-49, 58-59 libraries, 4 : II : 32, 36, 84-85 noncollegiate work, staff, r : 1 : 15 number, 4:1: 3-4, 9 ; 4 : II : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II : 36-37 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43-49 property, 4 : II : 95 receipts for plant expansion, 4 : II : 48- 49, 67 resident enrollment, 4 : 1 : 17, 24-25, 32, 44, 52-53, 80-83 Librarians, public secondary day schools, 5 : 12, 40, 62-63, 81 Libraries, higher institutions : books: and miscellaneous stocks, newspa¬ pers and periodicals, 6 : 5-13 38, 40, 49-56 circulation, 6 : 13-17, 42, 49-56 stock, 1 : 56 ; 6 : 5-9, 38, 49-56 distribution by number of volumes, 1 : 55 expenditures, 1 : 52. 55, 57-59. 64 ; 4 : II, 6, 32, 35-37, 47, 49, 76-89 ; 6 : 26- 31, 47-49-56 hours open for circulation, 6 : 21-22, 44 interlibrary transaction, 6 : 17-18, 43 personnel, 1 : 55 ; 6 : 22-26, 45-46, 49- 56 reference service, 6 : 18-20, 44 statistics, 6 : 1-60 student use, instruction, 6 : 20-21, 48 unpublished data vailable, 6 : 35 Library books, State school systems, current expenditures, 2 : 68-69 Library science, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1:41 Loans and bond sales, nonrevenue receipts : city school systems, 3 : 27 State school systems, 2 : 62-63 Local government contributions, higher in¬ stitutions, 4 : II : 10-11, 13-20, 46, 48, 50- 63, 65-69 Lower quartile, college students, 4:1:9 Lunch program, school, see School lunch pro¬ gram M Maintenance employees, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Maintenance of school plant, expenditures : city school systems, 1:36; 3 : 15-16, 27 State school systems, 2 : 64-65, 72-73, 95 Major field of study, higher institutions, analysis, 4:1: 36-37 INDEX 9 Major types of high schools, 5 : 4 Master’s degrees : historical summary, 1 : 40 ; 4:1:37, 45 Negro institutions, 4 : I : 12 number, 1 : 43, 45—47 ; 4 : 1 : 10, 12, 35— 41, 45, 47—55, 58-61 Mathematics, degrees conferred, 1 : 47 ; 4 : I : 41 Median, college students, 4:1:0 Median enrollment, public secondary day schools, 5 : 19, 42-51 Medical sciences, degrees conferred, 1 : 46 ; 4 : 1 : 41 Medicine, enrollment, 4: 1:27, 98-99 Men : earned degrees, 4:1: 10, 12, 35—41, 45, 47-55 professional staff members, public sec¬ ondary day schools, 5 : 62-63 students, higher institutions, 4:1: 16— 18, 20, 27, 44, 46-61, 72-99 teachers: city school systems, 3 : 8, 24-25 higher institutions, 4:1: 12-14, 46, 48-71 kindergarten, 3 : 24 Negro schools, 2 : 88 nonpublic elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1:11 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 10—11, 18, 34—35 ; 2 : 5, 25, 36-37, 88 secondary day schools, public, 5 : 6, 12, 41, 62-63 veterans of World War II enrolled in higher education, 4:1: 46, 74-75, 78— 79, 82-83, 86-87, 90-91 Merchant Marine personnel, Federal funds : training unlicensed personnel, 1 : 15 upgrading licensed and unlicensed per¬ sonnel, 1:15 Military or naval science, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4 : 1 : 41 Military personnel, Federal funds : academic training at civilian institu¬ tions, 1 : 15 education of children in oversea areas, 1.- 15 Minority groups, separate higher institu¬ tions, 4:1:11 Mishoff, Willard O., and Foster, Emery M., Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52, 6 : 1-60 Music, degrees conferred, 1 : 46 ; 4:1:40 N National Training School for Girls, Federal funds for education, 1:17 Negro education, statistical summary, 1 : 39- 64 Negro higher institutions : enrollment, 4:1:9, 11-12 faculty, students, and degrees conferred, 1 :63 ; 4 : 1 : 12 Negro higher institutions — Continued finances, 1 : 64 ; 4 : II : 6 general trends, 4 : II : 5 junior colleges, 1 : 63 ; 4 : 1 : 12 number, 4:1:9, 11 private benefactions, 4 : II : 5 separate institutions, 4 : 1 : 11 teachers colleges, 1 : 63 ; 4 : 1 : 12 universities, colleges, and professional schools, 1:63: 4 : 1 : 12 Negro public schools : attendance and average length of school term, 2 : 22, 93 annual salary, 2 : 87, 97 average number of days attended, 2 : 87, 93 bonds and loans, 2 : 96 capital outlay and debt service, 2 : 96 clerical assistants, 2 : 88 comparison with white schools, 2 : 9T debt service payments, 2 : 96 enrollment, 1 : 59-61 ; 2 : 21-22, 89-94, 97 equipment outlay, 2 : 96 expenditures, 2 : 23, 95-97 high school graduates, 2 : 22, 87-89 high schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils, 5 : 15-16 instructional staff, 2 : 22-23, 88, 97 interest payments, 2 : 96 kindergarten enrollment, 2 : 90 length of school term, 2 : 97 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher schools, 2 : 94 per pupil cost, 2 : 96-97 population, 2 : 21, 87 principals, 2 : 88 pupil transportation, 2 : 94 salaries and wages, 2 : 95 secondary day schools, 5 : 42-75 statistical data, 2 : 20—21, 87 supervisors, 2 : 88 textbook payments, 2 : 95 total population and school age popu¬ lation, 2 : 21 New buildings, State school systems, ex¬ penditures, 2 : 76-77 Newspapers and periodicals, higher institu¬ tion libraries, 6 : 11-13, 40-41 Night school, expenditures, city systems, 3 : 18-19, 28 Noncollegiate departments of higher insti¬ tutions : enrollment, 1 : 6—7 Negro institutions, 4:1:12 resident instructional staff, 4 : I : 15 teachers, number, 1 : 11 Nonexpendable funds, higher institutions, 1 : 50, 64 : 4 : II : 6, 28-29, 43-44, 49, 70- 75, 91-97 Noninstructional staff, public school systems, number, 2 : 38-39 Nonpublic schools : auxiliary services from State systems, 2 : 72-73 enrollment, 1 : 6-7 ; 2 : 24, 100-101 instructional staff, 2 : 24, 98-99 number, 1 : 4-5 10 INDEX Nonresident collegiate enrollments, 4:1: 47-57, 74-75, 78-79, 82-83, 86-87, 90-91 Nonrevenue receipts : city school systems, 3 : 27 public elementary and secondary schools 2 : 15 State school systems, 2 : 15, 56-57, 62- 63 Nonsalaried service, higher institutions, 4 : II : 21 Nonsectarian schools, see Nonpublic schools. Nonveterans, enrollment, higher institu¬ tions, 4:1:28 Nurses, number, public schools : full- and part-time work, 2 : 38-39 secondary, 5 : 12, 62-63, 77 Nursing : degrees conferred, 1 : 47 ; 4:1:41 graduate and undergraduate enrollment, by sex, 4:1: 98-99 higher institutions, special students, 4:1:27 schools, status of affiliation with col¬ leges and universities, 1 : 4-7 O Office of Education : activities, international educational re¬ lations, 1 : 65 Federal Government funds, 1 : 14 forms used to gather statistics, 4:1: 101-102; 4:11:98-101; 5:76-81; 6 : 57-60 master file of public high schools, 5 : 3 statistical reports requested, 1 : 1 1-teacher public schools, decrease in num¬ ber, 1:23 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher elementary schools, number and enrollment, 2 : 54-55, 94 Operation and maintenance force, State de¬ partments of education, 2 : 30-31 Operation employees, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Operation of physical plant, expenditures : city school systems, 1 : 36 ; 3 : 15, 16, 27 State school systems, 2 : 64-65, 72-73, 95 Organization, higher education, changing patterns, 4:1: 7-8 Organized activities related to higher edu¬ cation instructional departments : expenditures, 4 : II : 35-37, 49, 76-89 income, 4 : II : 48, 50-63 Organized research, higher institution ex¬ penditures, 1 : 52, 64 ; 4 : II : 6, 33, 35-39, 47, 49, 76-89 Outlying parts of the U. S., higher institu¬ tions : faculty, students, and degrees, 1 : 53 ; 4:1:10 receipts and expenditures, 4 : II : 7 Oversea areas, education of U. S. military personnel’s children, Federal funds, 1 : 15 P Parochial schools, see Catholic elementary and secondary schools. Part or incomplete high schools (public), 5 : 15-16 Part-time (adult, Americanization, night, and continuation) and summer schools, city school systems : expenditures, 3 : 15, 18-19, 28 pupils and staff, 3 : 10 trend, 3 : 9-10 Part-time vocational classes, federally, aided, enrollment, 1 : 32 Per capital expenditure, public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 80-81 Per pupil cost in average daily attendance, 1 : 28-29 ; 2 : 18, 80-83, 96-97 Percentage analysis : city school systems, current and total expenditures, 3 : 15 higher institutions: current expenditures, 4 : II : 35-39 current income, 4 : II : 12-22, 27, 28, 31-40 Percentage distribution, finances, higher in¬ stitutions : expenditures, 1 : 52, 64 income, 1 : 51, 64 Periodicals and newspapers, higher institu¬ tion libraries, 6:11-13, 40-41 Permanent school funds, State systems, 2 : 58-61, 78-79 Personal income : per capita, 3 : 14 per member of labor force, 2 : 70 total national, related to expenditures for higher education, 4 : II : 29-31 Personnel : full-time day schools, city school sys¬ tems, 3:24, 30-137 libraries, higher institutions, 6 : 22-26, 45-46, 49-56 public school systems, noninstructional staff, 2 : 38-39 State, intermediate and basic units, 2 : 2—4 Pharmacy : degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1:41 enrollment, 4:1: 27, 98-99 Philanthropic sources, income, higher in¬ stitutions, 4 : II : 24-25, 27 Philippines, higher education, enrollment, 4 : 1 : 21 Philosophy, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4 : 1 : 41 Physical plant operation and maintenance of higher institutions, expenditures, 4 : II : 6, 32-33, 35-39, 47, 49, 76-89 Physical sciences, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1:41 Physicians, number, public schools, 2 : 38— 39 Physics, degrees conferred : 1 : 47 ; 4 ; 1 : 41 INDEX 11 Plant expansion, higher institutions : expenditures, 4 : II : 6, 41-42, 47, 49, 90 receipts, 4 : II : 1, 25-28, 46, 48-49, 65, 67, 69 Plant fund receipts, higher institutions, 4 : II : 27, 64-69 Plant operation and maintenance, higher institutions, expenditures, 4 : II : 6, 32- 33, 35-39, 47 Political science, degrees conferred, 1 : 47 ; 4:1:41 Population : adult, educational attainment, 4 : 1 : 42 age 17 years compared with number of high school graduates, 1 : 22 civilian noninstitutional enrolled in schools, 2 : 9 college age, 4:1: 6-7 growth, 2 : 26 historical summary: 18-20 years of age, 1 : 41 14-17 years of age, 1 : 21 ; 5 : 6-7 Negro, total and school age, 2 : 21 school-age, selected ratios, 1 : 26-27 sources of figures used, 2 : 104-105 total and school age, 2 : 25, 40-41, 48- 49 20 years and older, compared with same age taking college work, 4:1: 42-43 Postgraduate students : Negro high schools, 2 : 90 public secondary schools, 2 : 42—15, 90 ; 5 : 9 Pribilof Islands, Federal funds for educa¬ tion, 1 : 15 Principals, public schools : Negro, 2 : 88 number, 1 : 34 ; 2 : 36-37, 88 ; 3 : 24- 25, 30-137 ; 5 : 12, 62-63, 77-78 salaries, 2 : 66-68 ; 3 : 14, 27, 31-137 Private and parochial schools, see Non¬ public elementary and public schools. Private benefactions, higher institutions, 1 : 12 ; 4 : II : 11-12, 14-17, 20-21, 46, 48, 50-63 Private gifts and grants, higher institutions, 1 : 50, 64 ; 4 : II : 1, 6, 46, 49, 65, 70-75 Private sources, receipts, State school systems, 2 : 56-59 Privately controlled educational institu¬ tions : enrollment, by level, 1 : 6-7 sources of income, by level, 1 : 10, 12 teachers, number by level, 1 : 10-11 Privately controlled higher institutions : earned degrees, 4:1: 37, 47, 60-61 endowment funds, 4 : II : 28, 44-45, 54- 55 93 enrollment, 1 : 6-7 ; 4:1:9, 12, 17-18, 20, 31-33, 60-61 expenditures 4 : II : 35-40, 48-49, 80- 81, 90 faculty, number, 4 : 1 : 12, 14, 60-61 income, 1 : 10-12 ; 4 : II : 14-15, 48- 49 54-55 instructional staff, number, 1 : 10-11 Privately controlled higher institutions — Continued libraries, 4 : II : 35, 80-81 Negro, 4:1:12 number, 1:49, 63 ; 4:1: 3-4, 9, 12 ; 4 : II : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II : 35-39 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43, 49 property, 4 : II : 93 receipts for plant expansion, r : II : 48- 49 Privately controlled junior colleges, 1 : 49, 63 ; 4:1: 3-4, 7, 12 ; 4 : II : 2-3 Professional and administrative staff, State school systems, salaries, 2 : 66-67 Professional schools : and universities and colleges for Negroes, 1 : 63 ; 4 : 1 : 12 earned degrees, historical summary, 4:1:37 endowment funds, 4 : II : 28, 44—45 expenditures, 4 : II : 39-40, 42, 48-49 graduate and undergraduate enroll¬ ment, 4:1: 92-99 income, 4 : II : 17, 48-49 libraries, 4 : II : 32, 39 number, 4 : II : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II : 39 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43, 49 receipts for plant expansion, 4 : II : 48— 49 Professional staff members, public secondary day schools, number, 5 : 12, 34-35, 62-67 Property : city school systems, 1:37; 3:23, 29 higher institutions, 1 : 52, 64 ; 4 : II : 6, 42-43, 47, 49, 91-97 public schools, historical summary, 1 : 19 State school systems, 2 : 20, 76-77, 96 Psychology, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1: 41 Public administration, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4 : 1 : 41 Public and nonpublic schools, enrollment, 1 : 21 Public elementary and secondary schools, see Elementary and secondary schools (public);. Public Health Service, Federal funds for edu¬ cation, 1 : 14 Public libraries, State school systems, ex¬ penditures, 2 : 72-73 Public secondary day schools, see Secondary day schools (public). Public schools, see City school systems ; City universities, colleges, and normal schools ; Elementary and secondary schools (pub¬ lic) ; Elementary schools (public) ; High schools. Public sources of income, higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 10-11, 13-20, 46, 48, 50-63, 64-69 INDEX 12 Publicly controlled educational institutions : enrollment, 1 : 6-7 sources of income, by level, 1 : 10, 12 teachers, number, by level, 1 : 10-11 Publicly controlled higher institutions : earned degrees, 4 : 1 : 37, 47, 58-59 endowment funds, 4 : II : 28, 44—45, 52— 53, 92 enrollment, 1 : 6—7 ; 4:1:9, 12, 17—18, 20, 31-33, 58-59 expenditures, 4 : II : 35-40, 48-49, 78- 79, 90 faculty, number, 4:1: 12, 14, 58—59 income, 1 : 10, 12 ; 4 : II : 14-15, 48-49, 52-53 instructional staff, number, 1 : 10-11 libraries, 4 : II : 35, 78-79 Negro, 4 : I : 12 number, 1 : 49, 63 ; 4:1: 3—4, 9, 12 ; 4 : II : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II : 35-39 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43, 49 property, 4 : II : 92 receipts for physical plant, 4 : II : 48- 49, 64-69 Publicly controlled junior colleges, 1 : 49, 63 ; 4:1: 3-4, 7, 12 ; 4 : II : 2-3 Puerto Rico, higher education : enrollment, 4:1:21 faculty, students, and degrees, 1 : 53 Pupil-teacher ratio, State school systems, 2, 11, 48-49 Pupil transportation, 1 : 22, 26—27 ; 2 : 18- 19, 72-73, 84-85, 94 Pupils and staff, city school systems, 3 : 4-10 R Ratio : public elementary and secondary enroll¬ ment, total and school-age popula¬ tion, 2 : 48-49 pupils to total staff, public secondary day schools, 5 : 39 Receipts : and balances, public school systems, 3:27, 29 ; 2 : 15, 26, 56-57, 62-63 higher institutions : 4 : II : 1, 7-29, 25- 28, 46, 48-49, 64-75 plant expansion, higher institutions, 1 : 50, 64 ; 4 : II : 1, 25-28, 46, 48-49, 65, 67, 69 public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 14-15, 26 State schools systems, 2 : 13-15, 56-63 Recreation workers, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Reference service, higher institution li¬ braries, 6 : 18-20, 44 Regional and district personnel, adminis¬ trative supervisory, State, departments of education, 2 : 30-31 Regional distribution, higher institutions : enrollment, 1:4: 3-4, 21-22, 38-39, 43, 48-61, 72-99 expenditures, 4 : II : 32, 50-63, 76-90 faculty, 1:4: 48-71 income, 4 : II : 26-27, 50-63 number, 4 : II : 2—3 percent of national personal income de¬ voted to higher education, 4 : II : 20— 30 plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 27, 64-69 property, 4 : II : 91-97 Registrars, attendance officers, nurses, pub¬ lic secondary day schools, 5 : 12, 62-63, 81 Regular high schools (public) : classroom teachers, 5 : 68-69 enrollment, 5 : 14, 23, 58-59, 72-73 graduates, 5 : 74—75 number, 5 : 14, 22-23, 26, 48-49, 70-71 professional staff members, 5 : 66-67 Regular sessions, resident college enrollment, 4:1:12, 16-17, 21, 30-33, 48-61, 74-75, 7S-79, 82-87, 90-91 Regularly organized and reorganized public secondary day schools, 5 : 13—14, 22 Religion, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1:41 Rent, State school systems, 2 : 74-75 Reorganized high schools (public), 5:3-4, 14, 24-25 Research, higher institutions : Federal contribution, 4 : II : 19-20, 46 organized, expenditures, 1 : 52, 64 * 4 : II : 6, 33, 35-39, 47, 49, 76-89 Resident enrollment : college, 1 : 6, 43-44, 4:1: 6-7, 9-10, 12, 16-18, 20-25, 28-34, 46-61, 72-91 noncollegiate in higher institutions, 4:1: 31-33, 47-47, 74-75, 78-79, 82- 83, 86-87, 90-91 Resident instruction, higher institutions : expenditures, 4 : II : 6, 31, 35-37, 47, 49, 76-89 staff, 4:1:15 Residential schools for exceptional children : enrollment, 1 : 6—7 expenditures, 1:13 number, 1 : 4-5 sources of income, 1 : 12 teachers, 1:11 Retirement contributions. State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 74-75 Revenue receipts : city school systems, 3 : 10-12, 27 grazing and mineral lands, 1 : 16 national forests, 1 : 15 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 18, 23-24, 26, 28-29 State school systems, 2 : 13-15, 56-61 Revenue sources, see Sources of revenue. Rice, Mabel C. : and Gaumnitz, Walter H., Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52, 5 : 1-81 INDEX 13 Rice, Mabel C. — Continued and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52, 4:1: 1-102 Statistics of Higher Education : Re¬ ceipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52, 4 : II : 1-101 Roman Catholic schools, see Catholic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools. Rounding of figures, statistics of State school systems, 2 : 104 Rural areas, enrollment, schools and colleges, 1:3, 8 Rural-urban distribution, public secondary day schools, various factors, 5 : 25-27, 66-75 Russian, degrees conferred, 1:46; 4:1:40 S Schools : city school systems, 1 : 36-37 ; 3 : 13-14, 27, 31-137 higher institution libraries, 1 : 58 ; 6 : 26, 47, 49-56 Negro public schools, 1 : 60 ; 2 : 87, 97 public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 23, 25 State school systems, 1 : 28-29, 60, 62 ; 2 : 16, 18, 26-27, 70-73, 87, 95, 97 Sales and services, higher institutions, 4 : II : 21-22, 46 Sampling, city school systems, 3 : 3 Schloss, Samuel, and others , Statistics of State School Systems : Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1951-52, 2 : 1-105 Scholarships, fellowships, and prizes, higher education : expenditures, 4 : II : 35-37, 41, 49, 76-89 income, 4 : II : 6, 23, 48, 50-63 School attendance, see Attendance, Average daily attendance. School boards, State school systems, 2 : 62- 63, 74-75, 78-79 School funds, permanent, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 58-61, 78-79 School indebtedness, State school systems, 2: 20 School lands, State school systems : number of acres, 2 : 78-79 revenue, 2 : 58-61 School lunch program : expenditures, 1:36; 2 : 72-73, 84-85 ; 3:28 Federal funds, 1:15; 2 : 12, 58-61 number pupils served, 2:12, 84 School property, see Value of public school property. School retention rates, 1:9, 21 School term, length : average, 1 : 18, 27, 60, 62 ; 2 : 10-11, 22, 53, 93 Negro public schools, 1 : 62 ; 2 : 22, 93, 97 Schools of nursing, number, 1 : 4-5 Secondary day schools (public) : average daily attendance, 3 : 25 classroom teachers, 1 : 31 ; 3 : 25 ; 5 : 12- 13, 36-37, 62-63, 68-69, 81 clerical assistants, 2 : 36-37, 88 coverage of the report, 5 : 2—5 enrollment, 1 : 6-7, 17-18, 26-27, 31, 34 ; 2 : 6-10, 25, 40-50, 89-91 ; 3 : 25 ; 5 : 6-33, 38, 42-61, 72-73 expenditures totaled with those for privately controlled secondary schools, 1 : 13 graduates, 2 : 11-12, 22, 40-41, 87, 89 ; 5 : 6-7, 41, 74-75, 81 historical statistics, 5 : 6 instructional staff, 1 : 11, 18, 34, 60-61 last 4 years, pupils in each year, 5 : 6-7 Negro: graduates, 2 : 22, 87, 89 instructional staff, 1 : 60-61 number, 1 : 4-5, 31 ; 2 : 94 ; 3 : 25 ; 5 : 5, 14, 16, 18-27, 42-51, 70-71 postgraduates, 2 : 42-45, 90 principals and supervisors, 3 : 25 professional staff, 5 : 12, 62-67 regularly organized and reorganized, 5 : 13-14 rural-urban distribution, various fac¬ tors, 5 : 25-27, 66-75 size, 5 : 12, 17-18 summary highlights, 5 : 40-41 teachers and other instructional staff, 2 : 36-37, 88 ultimate or basis administrative units, 2 : 32-33 Secondary schools (nonpublic) : enrollment, 2 : 24, 100-101 instructional staff, 2 : 98-99 Senior high schools (public) : classroom teachers, 5 : 68-69 enrollment, 5 : 23, 56-57, 72-73 graduates, 5 : 74-75 number, 5 : 23, 26, 46-47, 70-71 professional staff members, 5 : 66-67 Short courses, higher institutions, enroll¬ ment, 1 : 63 ; 4:1: 11-12, 30-33, 47-57, 74-75, 78-79, 82-83, 86-86, 90-91 Short-term indebtedness, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 78-79 Sinking funds, State school systems, 2 : 74— 75, 78-79 Sites for public schools, expenditures, State school systems, 2 : 76-77 Six major current accounts, expenditures, city school systems, 3 : 30—137 Size, public secondary day schools, 5 : 12, 17-18 Small higher institutions, persistence, 4 : 1 : 8-9 Small schools, number, State school systems, 2 : 12 Smith, Rose Marie, and Foster, Emery M., Statistical Summary of Education, 1951- 52, 1 : 1-65 14 INDEX Sources of revenue : city school systems, 3 : 10-12 publicly and privately controlled edu¬ cation, 1 : 10, 12 State school systems, 2 : 13-15, 56-63 Spanish, degrees conferred, 1:46; 4 : 1 : 40 Special and unclassified students, enroll¬ ment, higher institutions, 4:1: 72-73, 76- 77, 80-81, 84-85, 88-89 Special students, enrollment, arts and sciences and professional fields, 4:1:27 Social sciences, degrees conferred, 1:47; 4:1:41 Sociology, degrees conferred, 1 : 47 ; 4 : 1 : 41 Speech and dramatic arts, degrees conferred, 1:46; 4:1:40 Staff: city school systems, 3 : 4-10, 12-14, 30- 137 higher education, 1 : 11 ; 4:1: 14-15 libraries, higher institutions ; 6 : 22-26, 45-46, 49-56 Negro public schools, 2 : 22-23, 88, 97 nonpublic schools, 2 : 24, 98-99 public schools, 1 : 23, 59-60 ; 2 : 25 State school systems, 1 : 28-29, 61 ; 2, 5, 16, 18, 22-23, 36-37, 68-71, 88, 97 State boards of education, administrative organization, 2 : 2 State contributions to retirement, State school systems, 2 : 74-75 State departments of education : administrative organization, 2 : 2 personnel, number, 2 : 30-31 State governments, contributions, higher institutions, 4 : II : 10-11, 13-20, 46, 48, 50-63, 65-69 State maritime academies, Federal funds, 1 : 15 State school systems, Statistics, 1 : 26-27 ; 2 : 1-105 State sources, revenue receipts, State school systems, 2 : 13-15, 58, 58-61 Statistical Summary of Education, 1951-52 (Smith and Foster), 1 : 1-65 Statistics of City School Systems : Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1951-52 (Herlihy and Foster), 3:1-137 Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52 (Badger, and others), 4:1:1-102 Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52 (Badger, and others). 4 : II : 1-101 Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52 (Mishoff and Foster) , 6 : 1-60 Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52 (Rice and Gaumnitz), 5:1-81 Statistics of State School Systems : Organi¬ zation, Staff, Pupils, and Finances, 1951- 52 (Schloss, Hobson, and Foster), 2:1- 105 Status and trends, public secondary day schools, 5 : 5-81 Student assistants, higher institution li¬ braries, 1 : 55 ; 6 : 25, 45 Student fees : higher institutions, 1 : 12, 50-51, 64 ; 4 : II : 18-19, 46, 48, 50-63 publicly and privately controlled insti¬ tutions, 1 : 12 Student loan funds, higher institutions, 1 : 50-64 ; 4 : II : 6, 23, 28-29, 41, 46-47, 49, 70-75, 91-97 Students, enrollment, higher institutions, 1 : 41-49, 62-63 ; 4 : 1 : 6-7, 9-10, 12, 15- 34, 44, 46-61, 72 Subcollegiate work, higher institutions, en¬ rollment, 4:1:30 Summer schools : city school systems: expenditures, 1:37; 3 : 15, 18-19, 28 pupils and staff, 3 : 10, 26 supervisors and principals, 3 : 26 State school systems : enrollment and teachers, 2 : 86 expenditures, 2 : 64-65, 86 Summer sessions, higher institutions : enrollment, 1 : 43, 45, 63 ; 4 : 1 : 12, 16- 18, 30-33, 47-61 faculty, 4:1: 62-71 Superintendents and administrative person¬ nel, full-time day schools, city school sys¬ tems, 3:24, 30-137 Supervisors, public schools : Negro schools, 2 : 88 number, 1 : 34 ; 2 : 36-37, 88 ; 3 : 24-25, 30-137 salaries, 1 : 36 ; 2 : 68-69 ; 3 : 14, 27, 30- 137 secondary day schools : 5 : 12, 40, 62-63, 77, 80-81 Supervisory and teaching staff, 3 : 8-9 Supplies, expenditures : city school systems, 3 : 27 State school systems, 2 : 66-69, 72-73, 95 T Taxation and appropriation, revenue re¬ ceipts, by State, 2 : 15, 58-61 Teacher Exchange Program, Office of Edu¬ cation, 1 : 65 Teachers : and other instructional staff, 2 : 5, 36- 37, 68-69, 88 ; 3 : 24, 30-137 Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 102-103 definition, 1 : 10 men, 1 : 10-11, 18, 34-35 ; 2 : 5, 25, 36- 37, 88 ; 3:8, 24-25 ; 4 : 1 : 12-14, 46, 48-71 5 : 6, 12, 41, 62-63 Negro schools, 2 : 22-23, 88, 97 nonpublic schools, 2 : 24, 98-99 public secondary day schools, 5 : 12, 36— 37, 62-63, 68-69, 81 summer schools, 2 : 86 women, 1 : 11, 18, 34-35 ; 2 : 25, 36-37, 88 ; 3 : 24-25 ; 4 : 1 : 12-14, 46, 48-71 ; 5:26, 12, 62-63 INDEX 15 Teachers colleges: earned degrees, 4:1: 12, 37, 47, 54-55 endowment funds ; 4 : II : 28, 44-45, GO- 61, 73, 96 expenditures, 4 : II : 37, 40, 42, 48-49, 85-87, 90 faculty, 4:1: 54-55, 68-69 Income, 4 : II : 15, 48-49, 60-61 libraries, 4 : II : 32, 36, 86-87 Negro, 1 : 63 ; 4:1:12 noncollegiate work, staff, 4 : 1 : 15 number, 1:63; 4:1: 3-4, 9, 12 ; 4 : II : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4: 11:37 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43, 49 property, 4 : II : 96 receipts for plant expansion, 4 : II : 48— 49, 68 resident enrollment, 4 : 1 : 12, 17, 24-25, 32, 54-55 Technological schools : earned degrees, historical summary, 4 : 1 : 37 endowment funds, 4 : II : 28, 44-45 expenditures, 4 : II : 37, 40, 42, 48-49 Income, 4 : II : 16, 48-49 libraries, 4 : II : 32, 37 noncollegiate work, staff, 4:1:15 number, 4:1: 3-4, 9 ; 4 : II : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II: 37 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43, 49 receipts for plant expansion, 4 : II : 48- 49 resident college enrollment, 4 : 1 : 17, 24-25, 32-33 Technical Cooperation Administration, work with Office of Education, 1 : 65 Technical Training Program, Office of Edu¬ cation, 1 : 65 10 or fewer pupils enrolled, public secondary day schools, 5 : 15-16 Textbooks, expenditures : city school systems, 1:36; 3:27 Negro schools, 2 : 95 State school systems, 2 : 68-69, 95 Theological schools : earned degrees, historical summary, 4:1:37 endowment funds ; 4 : II : 28, 44-45 expenditures, 4 : II : 38, 40, 42, 48-49 income, 4 : II : 16-17, 48-49 libraries, 4 : II : 32, 38 noncollegiate work, staff, 4 : 1 : 15 number, 4:1: 3-4, 9 ; 4 : II : 23 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II : 38 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43, 49 receipts for plant expansion, 4 : II : 48- 49 resident college enrollment, 4:1: 17-18, 24-25, 33 Third week of fall term, higher institutions, enrollment, 4:1:23, 29, 46, 48-57, 72-73, 76-77, 80-81, 84-85, 88-89 3-teacher schools, State school systems, number and enrollment, 2 : 54-55, 94 Trades and industry programs, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 32 Training, unlicensed Merchant Marine per¬ sonnel, Federal funds, 1 : 15 Transfers from current funds, plant fund receipts, higher institutions, 4 : II : 65-69 Transportation of pupils, public schools : employees, 2 : 38-39 expenditures, 1 : 22, 28-29, 36 ; 2 : 18- 19, 72-73, 84-85, 94 ; 3 : 28 Negro, 2 : 94 number transported, 1 : 22 ; 2 : 94 percent of enrollment transported, 1 : 26-27 Travel, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 66-67 Trends and Status, public secondary high schools, 5 : 5-81 2-teacher schools, State school systems, number and enrollment, 2 : 54-55, 94 U Ultimate or basic administrative units, 1 : 4— 5; 2:28-29, 32-35 Unadjusted dollars, applied to average an¬ nual salaries, city school systems, 3 : 13 Undergraduate enrollment, 4:1: 24-25, 44- 46, 72-73, 76-77, 80-81, 84-85, 88-89. 92-99 UNESCO, work with Office of Education-, 1 : 65 Unexpended plant funds, higher Institutions, 4 : II : 6, 47, 49, 91-97 Ungraded high schools (public), staff, en¬ rollment, and graduates, 5 : 20-22 United States Military Academy, Federal funds, 1 : 15 United States service academies, enrollment, 4:1:28 Universities : and colleges and professional schools for Negroes, 1 : 63 ; 4 : 1 : 12 earned degrees, 4:1:37, 50-51 endowment funds, 4 : II : 28, 45, 56-57, 71, 94 expenditures, 4 : II : 36, 40, 42-43, 49, 82-83, 90 faculty, 4:1: 50-51, 64-65 income, 4:1: 14-15, 48-49, 56-57 libraries, 4 : II : 36, 82-83 noncollegiate work staff, 4 : 1 : 15 number, 4:1: 3-4, 9, 12 ; 4 : II : 2-3 percentage analysis, expenditures, 4 : II : 36 physical property and plant funds, value, 4 : II : 43, 49 property, 4 : II : 94 receipts for plant expansion, 4 : II : 48— 49, 66 16 INDEX Universities — Continued resident enrollment, 4:1: 17, 24-25, 31, 50-51, 76-79 Upper quartile, college students, 4:1:9 Upgrading licensed and unlicensed Merchant Marine personnel, Federal funds, 1 : 15 Urban areas, enrollment, schools and col¬ leges, 1 : 3, 8 Urban-rural distribution, public secondary day schools, various factors, 5 : 25-27, 66-75 V Value : physical plant and plant funds, higher institutions, 1 : 52, 64 ; 4 : II : 4, 6, 43, 47, 49 property , public school: city systems, 1:37; 3 : 23, 29 historical summary, 1 : 19 Negro schools, 2 : 96 State systems, 2:20, 76-77, 96 Veterans : higher education, Federal contributions, 4 : II : 14, 19, 48, 50-63 training program, 1 : 53-54 vocational rehabilitation and educa¬ tional training, Federal funds, 1 : 17 World War II, enrollment in higher education, 1 : 42 ; 4 : 1 : 28-29, 46, 48- 55, 74-75, 78-79, 82-83, 86-87, 90-91 Veterans Administration, Federal funds for education, 1 : 17 Virgin Islands, Federal funds for education, 1 : 15 Vocational education, Federal aid, 1 : 14, 32- 33 ; 2: 58-61 Volumes, number, libraries in institutions of higher education, 1 : 55-56 ; 6 : 5-9, 38, 49-56 W Wages of janitors, etc., Negro public schools, 2:95 Women : earned degrees, 4:1: 10, 12, 35-41, 45, 47—55 students, higher institutions, 4:1: 16- 18, 20, 27, 44, 46-61, 72-99 teachers: city school systems, 3 : 24-25 higher institutions, 4:1: 12-14, 46, 48-71 kindergarten, 3 : 24 Negro schools, 2 : 88 nonpublic elementary and second¬ ary schools, 1 : 11 public elementary and secondary schools, 1:11, 18, 34-35 ; 2 : 25, 36-37, 88 secondary day schools, public, 5 : 6, 12, 62-63 veterans of World War II enrolled in higher education, 4:1: 46, 74-75, 78-79, 82-83, 86, 87, 90-91 Y Yellowstone National Park, Federal funds for education, 1 : 16 PS-35-57 O. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1957 Chapter 1 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1950-52: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1951-52 Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52 Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1951-52 Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education : Section 1. Faculty, Students, and, Degrees, 1951-52 Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52 Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52 Chapter 6. Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52 Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52 Chapter 1 Statistical Summary of Education 1951-52 Rose Marie Smith prepared this chapter , under the general direction of Emery M. Foster U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Marion B. Folsom . Secretary Office of Education Samuel Miller Brownell, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C Price 30 cents Foreword JHE FUNCTION of this "Statistical Summary of Education, 1951-52” (Chapter 1 of the Biennial Survey of Education , 1950-52) is, first, to provide a convenient abstract of the principal data and interpretations of the individual chapters of the Biennial Survey; and second, by the use of all pertinent sources, to provide a helpful synthesis of educational statistics in the United States. The "Statistical Summary” is the primary source of such derived or combined data as: retention rates from elementary school through higher education; combined totals for the various components of elementary and secondary education (e. g., local school systems, residential schools for exceptional children, and sub- collegiate departments of institutions of higher education); and combined totals for publicly controlled and privately controlled education. Among the new features of the chapters of the Biennial Survey for 1950-52, a few may be selected for mention at this point: (1) the tradi¬ tional twofold classification of high schools into "rural” and "urban” was expanded to a threefold classification ("urban” being subdivided into 2,500-9,999 population and 10,000 or over); (2) in the interest of speed and economy, a partial sampling technique was employed to gather data on city school systems; (3) the listing of States within the four geographic regions of the Bureau of the Census has been made alphabetical, instead of contiguous; (4) institutions of higher education are, in certain of the tables, classified on a sevenfold basis by type (universities, liberal arts colleges, teachers colleges, etc.), instead of the former threefold basis; and (5) where feasible, the historical trend in salaries and other expend¬ itures is expressed in terms of stable dollars, together with comparative data on national income or average personal income for the Nation as a whole. All in all, the "Statistical Summary” condenses data collected by the Office of Education, directly or indirectly, from approximately 165,000 educational institutions, including elementary schools, secondary schools, libraries, and institutions of higher education. This coverage, whde extensive, is still incomplete in at least two respects: (1) the Office does not undertake to collect data from private commercial and trade schools, private schools of art, music, drama/etc. below college grade, and private correspondence schools; nor does the Office collect and publish data from county school systems or suburban school systems as separate organiza¬ tional units. Similarly, the Office collects scarcely any data on rural ra IV FOREWORD schools as such. (2) Serious gaps can be seen in the types of statistical data collected. Thus, data are lacking on such items as the starting salaries of teachers, taxable property per pupil, offerings and enrollments in adult education, and physical facilities in higher education. Both these types of incompleteness reflect the limitations of current educational statistics, as well as inherent difficulties of data collection. The Biennial Survey of Education is essentially a cooperative effort by which the Office of Education collects, analyzes, and publishes basic statistics in education, from kindergarten through university. It is a pleasure to express appreciation to the school superintendents, principals, teachers, comptrollers, business officers, librarians, registrars, and others who have made a contribution, directly or indirectly, to the present ''Statistical Summary.” Herbert S. Conrad, Chief , Research and Statistical Standards. Ward Stewart, Assistant Commissioner Program Development and Coordination Contents TEXT Page FOREWORD . in ORGANIZATION OF DATA . 1 EDUCATION IN BROAD RANGE . 1 Reports requested . 1 Administrative units . 2 Number of schools . 3 Enrollment . 3 School retention rates . 9 Teachers . 10 Income . 10 Expenditures . 13 Federal funds for education . 14 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 17 Historical summary . 17 Enrollment . 17 High -school graduates . 21 Transportation and consolidation of schools . 22 Finances of public elementary and secondary schools . 23 Selected data , by State , from "Statistics of State School Sys¬ tems ” . 26 Statistics of public secondary day schools . 27 Federally aided vocational education . 28 Statistics of city school systems . 29 Expenditures per pupil in city school systems . 30 HIGHER EDUCATION . 39 General trends . 39 Staff . 40 Students . 40 Degrees . 45 Engineering enrollments and degrees . 45 Junior colleges . 49 Income . 49 Expenditures . 50 Property . 51 Outlying parts of the United States . 53 Veterans ’ training program . 53 v VI CONTENTS Page LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION . 54 NEGRO EDUCATION . 59 Public elementary and secondary schools . 59 Institutions of higher education for Negroes . 62 ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL RELA¬ TIONS . 65 TABLES Education in Broad Range 1. Number and type of statistical reports requested periodically by the Office of Education . 2 2. Number of public-school administrative units and number of schools of specified types, by State: 1951-52 . 4 3. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 6 4. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1899- 1900 to 1951-52 . 7 5. Enrollment of the civilian noninstitutional population 5 to 29 years old, by age and by sex, in public and private schools and colleges: Continental United States, urban and rural, October 1951 . 8 6. Retention rates, fifth grade through college graduation, in public and nonpublic schools: Continental United States: 1943-44 to 1951-52 . 9 7. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in institutions of higher educa¬ tion: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 11 8. Sources of income, by level of instruction, and by type of con¬ trol: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 12 9. Expenditures, including capital outlay, by level of instruction and by type of control: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 13 10. Summary of Federal Government funds for education: 1951- 52 ... ' . 14 Elementary and Secondary Education 11. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1951-52. . 18 12. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, 1940-41 to 1951-52 . . . 20 CONTENTS VII Page 13. Total public and nonpublic secondary school enrollment, and population 14-17 years of age: Continental United States, 1889-90 to 1951-52 . . 21 14. Retention rates, ninth grade through high-school graduation, in public and nonpublic schools: Continental United States, 1939-40 to 1951-52 . 21 15. Number of high-school graduates compared with population 17 years of age: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1951-52 . 22 16. Number of pupils transported at public cost, and expenditures for transportation: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 22 17. Decrease in number of 1 -teacher public schools: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 23 18. Total revenue receipts of public-school systems, and per¬ centage distribution by source: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1951-52 . . . . 24 19. Expenditures of public -school systems, by purpose: Conti¬ nental United States, 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 24 20. Average annual salary per member of instructional staff and personal income per member of labor force, in unadjusted dollars and in stable dollars (1951-52 purchasing power): Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 25 21. Selected ratios regarding school-age population, total enroll¬ ment, secondary school enrollment, average daily attendance, and pupils transported; and average length of school term in days: for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1951-52 . 26 22. Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52 . 28 23. Number and percent of public secondary day schools, by type of school: Continental United States, 1920-52 . 30 24. Number and percent of pupils enrolled in public secondary day schools, b^ type of school: Continental United States, 1920-52. . 31 25. Number of public secondary day schools, pupils enrolled, classroom teachers, and graduates, by type of school, and by size of place: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 31 26. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program: Continental United States, 1932-33 to 1951-52 . . 32 27. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of class and tvpe of program: Continental United States, 1951-52 ... * . 32 VIII CONTENTS Page 28. Expenditure of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education: Continental United States, 1932-33 to 1951-52. . 33 29. Comparative summary of general statistical data of public- school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 34 30. Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: Continental United States: 1951-52 . 36 31. Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance in full-time day schools in city systems, by population group: Continental United States, 1941-42 to 1951-52. ... 38 32. Average annual current expenditure and range of expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 299 city school systems, by region, and by city-size group: 1951-52 . 39 Higher Education 33. Historical summary of higher education: Continental United States, 1889-90 to 1951-52 . 40 34. Total population, population aged 18-21, and resident student enrollment in higher education: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1951-52 . 41 35. Faculty, students, and degrees in institutions of higher edu¬ cation: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 42 36. Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control and by type of institution: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 43 37. Resident student enrollment, by level of training and by sex, in arts and sciences and in professional schools in institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1951-52. . 44 38. Enrollment in summer session and extension and corre¬ spondence work in institutions of higher education: Conti¬ nental United States: 1919-20 to 1951-52 . 45 39. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education in continental United States and outlying parts, by level of degree, sex of recipient, and field of study: 1951-52 . 46 40. Undergraduate engineering enrollments, October 1952, and first degrees conferred: 1951-52 . 48 41. Junior colleges and their enrollment: Continental United States, 1917-18 to 1951-52 . 49 42. Income of institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 50 43. Percentage distribution of educational and general income of institutions of higher education, by source and by control: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 51 CONTENTS IX Page 44. Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 51 45. Percentage distribution of educational and general expenditures of institutions of higher education, by purpose and by control: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 52 46. Value of physical plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 52 47. Faculty, students, and earned degrees conferred, in institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States: 1919-20 to 1951-52 . 53 48. Veterans in training, and expenditures for training and for vocational rehabilitation: 1943-44 to 1951-52 . 54 49. Average number of veterans enrolled in various educational programs in the 5 months from October through March: 1945-46 to 1951-52 . 54 Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education 50. Summary of library statistics in institutions of higher educa¬ tion: Continental United States, 1939-40, 1946-47, and 1951-52 . 55 51. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of volumes in library at end of year, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 55 52. Book stock of libraries in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 56 53. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by amount of library operating expenditures, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 57 54. Library expenditures in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 58 55. Library operating expenditures per student, by type of insti¬ tution and by enrollment: Continental United States and outlying parts, 1951-52 . 59 Negro Education 56. Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Colum¬ bia: 1919-20 to 1951-52 . 60 57. Instructional staff, enrollments, and high-school graduates in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52. ... 61 344112—55 - 2 X CONTENTS Page 58. Average length of school term in days, attendance, average annual salary of instructional staff, and current expenditure per pupil, for white and for Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52 . 62 59. Faculty, students, and earned degrees conferred, institutions for the higher education of Negroes: Continental United States, 1951-52 . 63 60. Finances, institutions for the higher education of Negroes: 1951-52 . 64 Statistical Summary of Education 1951-52 JHIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States provides a statistical conspectus of education, from the kinder¬ garten through higher education, for both publicly and privately con¬ trolled schools. Historical tables show trends over long periods. In general the data are taken from the other chapters of the survey; addi¬ tional information has been drawn from (a) other publications of the Office, ( b ) other governmental sources, such as the Bureau of the Census and the Veterans Administration, and (c) nongovernmental sources, such as the National Catholic Welfare Conference and the National League for Nursing, Inc. ORGANIZATION OF DATA This chapter presents, first, a statistical summary of education in broad range (kindergarten through university); second, a statistical summary of education by level (elementary-secondary education and higher edu¬ cation); third, a statistical summary of Negro education; and, finally, a brief statistical note on activities of the Office of Education in the field of international educational relations. EDUCATION IN BROAD RANGE Reports Requested More than 80,000 statistical reports are requested periodically by the Office of Education (table 1). Approximately 34,000 were requested during the school year 1951-52, and 46,500 requested in previous peri¬ odical surveys. Each State department of education and each outlying part of the United States makes an annual comprehensive statistical report concerning pupils, instructional staff, graduates, and financial data. All city school systems in cities of 25,000 population and more, and a sample of approximately two-thirds of the city systems in places of 2,500 to 24,999 report statistical data biennially to this Office. Insti¬ tutions of higher education, numbering 1,859 in 1951-52, make several annual reports (fall enrollment and earned degrees conferred), as well as biennial reports on (1) faculty, students, and degrees, and (2) receipts, expenditures, and property. In addition, engineering schools, numbering 193, report annually on enrollment and on degrees conferred. Reports in other fields are requested at less frequent intervals: e. g., statistics .. _ 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 of public high schools, school library statistics, public library statistics, etc. There are other units from which data are not collected. Chief among these are county school systems. These larger administrative units often include cities as a part of the unit. A few States have statewide county school systems, while others have them to some extent. Other types of schools from which data are not collected are chiefly private commercial, vocational, and trade schools; private non -degree -granting schools of art, music, dancing, and dramatics; private Bible schools not conferring degrees; and private correspondence schools. Table 1. — Number and type of statistical reports requested periodically by the Office of Education A. REQUESTED BY SURVEYS IN THE BIENNIUM 1950-52 Subject School year 1950-51 1951-52 Total- . 3, 763 33, 643 State school systems (including outlying parts) . City school systems: Staff, pupils, finances, and property _ 56 56 2,409 299 23, 757 1,837 1, 859 1, 327 69 193 1, 837 Current expenditures per pupil _ _ 259 Public secondary day schools _ Institutions of higher education: Faculty, students, and degrees _ Fall enrollment 1,888 1,299 69 192 Earned degrees conferred— _ _ Land-grant colleges and universities _ Engineering enrollments and degrees _ Libraries in institutions of higher education _ B. OTHER REPORTS, REQUESTED IN PREVIOUS SURVEYS Subject Number of reports School year for which last collected Total _ 42,753 9, 730 3, 053 444 13, 749 8,097 7,500 Nonpublic elementary schools _ 1940-41 1947- 48 1945-46 1948- 49 1947-48 1949- 50 Nonpublic secondary schools _ Residential schools for exceptional children.-. _ _ _ _ Offerings and enrollments in high-school subjects Public-school library systems _ Public library systems _ _ Note— This table does not include reports required in connection with the program of Federal grants for vocational education and for schools in “federally affected areas.” Administrative Units The number of local basic administrative units in the United States continued to decrease, from 115,384 in 1941-42 to 70,993 in 1951-52, a decrease of 44,391 units, or 38.5 percent. Probably more significant was the 15 percent decrease (12,244 units) during the 2-year period from 1949- 50 to 1951-52. The number of administrative units in 1951-52 ranged STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 from 17 in Delaware to 6,499 in Nebraska. The distribution by State (table 2) shows that 14 States had fewer than 200 units, and 20 had more than 1,000. Each of the 12 north-central States had more than 1,000 administrative units, and 6 of them had more than 4,000. The north- central group as a whole, however, had 12)2 percent fewer units in 1951-52 than in 1949-50, and 4 States (Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, and Missouri) show^j} decreases of more than 1,000 units each. The elimination of unnecessarily small administrative units is a recognized method of achiev¬ ing more efficient financial administration of the public schools as well as a more desirable quality of education. Number of Schools The distribution by State of approximately 165,000 schools is shown in table 2. The classification is by level (elementary, secondary, and higher education), and by control (public or private), as well as by special type (residential schools for exceptional children and schools of nursing not af¬ filiated with colleges and universities). In general the number of public elementary and secondary schools decreases from year to year as smaller schools are consolidated with larger schools. Enrollment During the school year 1951-52, the total enrollment at all educational levels (elementary, secondary, and higher) in continental United States numbered approximately 33 million, or 22 percent of the total population. Privately controlled schools enrolled 5,000,000, or 15 percent of the total: 13 percent at the elementary level; 10 percent at the secondary level; and 50 percent of the students in institutions of higher education (table 3). During the 2 -year period from 1949-50 to 1951-52, elementary school en¬ rollments increased 7.8 percent, and secondary school enrollments, 2.5 percent. Institutions of higher education reported a decrease of 13.4 percent from the peak of 2,659,021 in 1949-50 to 2,301,884 in 1951-52 (table 4). This was due to the decrease in the number of veteran stu¬ dents. Nonveteran students showed an increase of 8.6 percent (table 34). Table 5 presents data collected by the Bureau of the Census on number of persons in specified age groups attending school (both public and non¬ public). The highest percentage of persons 5-29 years old enrolled in school, 59.1 percent, was found in the rural farm areas. Rural nonfarm areas enrolled 54.4 percent, and urban areas, 50.4 percent. The higher percentages for rural and for rural nonfarm areas reflect the age-composi¬ tion (high percentage aged 5-17) in these areas. The effect of the com¬ pulsory educational requirements of the States (in general applying to ages 7-16) is shown in the percentage of children of the following age groups enrolled in school: 7-13, 99.1; 14-15, 94.8; and 16-17, 74.9. Table 2. — Number of public-school administrative units and number of schools of specified types , by State: 1951-52 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Schools ING NOT Affiliated with Colleges and Uni¬ versities 4 ** 984 344 CO O to C* os CO 00 to CO II HHOHCCOO 310 252 e* oo ^ o* Institutions of Higher Education 3 Private - Cl 339 CO O H (OOO *0005 !NH(0 N05 05H 370 376 17 11 3 12 33 Public O CD ! $2 Os ■OOQOMOOJON't | 189 223 ®NNe» 1 2>o © c3 > £ as 137 CO I I 82 18 9 II 8 Is i iii lO T-l S lO © 00 85**3 State, by region - Continental United States.. (RTHEAST . . . . Connecticut... _ _ Maine Massachusetts . . New Hampshire. . . New Jersey. . . . New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island . . . Vermont... . . >rth Central . . . Illinois . . Indiana.... . . . . Iowa . . . . Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri . . . . Nebraska . North Dakota . Ohio _ _ _ _ South Dakota . Wisconsin . . . uth . Alabama _ Arkansas . . . . Delaware... . . . Florida . . . Georgia. . . . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION Ot^CCOOTfOCOCMCMrHCi CD hhwhhhNCCh 00 Tt< CM ID 00 ^ CO rH CD Tt< CO 05 OHONOOO»OOJ^NH p MHNHTf CMCO^COtH c3 106 ~.Ot~cceo CM ID CO CM 1 0>0>PI'-^O0i «5 s COOOCDrtrt<©00t^CO OOCMOOiDDCOTfcDCCTfO CD CM H rH HC^rifOH 1-1 CM CM Tt< CM CO CO CM ID CO CO 2,799 359 75 1, 326 226 955 678 1, 323 9 271 798 2, 106 2, 992 0>iOO*hcDCOOO^iO»DcD NOOiDCODCDOCMHN rf rt* r-H CO HH i-h CO 43 1 CO 05 1— 1 00 00 NO500NCCMCDW^O>O5 CM > >>^ OQ ■ 03 w "c3 O “ A oa ^ ^ ra w p gfcQ fldfl 1*1214 «.2cq ..jq j- oa5o g,| mS gP£ oT ^ M'x): u a 03 3 ■g go a"3 S' B 30 •— rH W r ■s § i W,3.2, - c d« Table 3. — Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1951-52 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 os us eo oo - i> © © OG © cc owoo coco--- CO 00 © s s So S 03 © lO CO CO O CO rH 00 o CO CO CO cT tjT »o CO 03 ^ oo '* C3 03 2 Si OH 82 MOO csfcdco oo ^ o co o i-H o co io O f-H ^ ho r^oo 2§g; 05 o »c CO O CO 10 0 03 o co GO H *0 (M 05 O CO o CO CO t-< r-. S3© §2 §1 SS« 00 © S S3 MO HX OM 1^0 coo co cs ft •o § u « £ s*> o 1 1 I = c « £ >. « U w c« - a I 8 M !■ ^ < H Wt» 8-2 > .2 ® .a - w 2 °P a2 « ~ Mwrt ai ® tt> gj « ’O 2-2 : i 8 JO © o O 03 s!2 a 3 8 be to g'O’O O0)O»m £ ;X3 [60 ;3 r .2 ~a -3 .3 3 «£} *c3 CO 0 3 1-s 5 -as 3= ‘ l! |“ § u is ® 6 O P5 e3 a'O § 3 fc H ■o t. V w *•& s 'rt73 ° Z q J w o >g xj co - fa 3 2 d .2 6 f§gll“ 0'S §3.2 M p >oo5 g a • • 3 O 03 ^ g2.8£3£ 1-3“ §3 2 o c ® ^ .2 m CQ .2 g PQoqmiSj -3~iS 3 C3 OQ c — . MO a "o ’-S ® O 0«TJ CJ SpL| C o sis 3 3^ OD ’g S m‘2 ^ Boo OH 53 >3 _ to a “ o 3 2 o I I Sol I ILJi §^■2 3 g '8S2-2& 5ts5 w o"^ « o Oug®; 2sZ 2 =3 if a is a® — a Ot5 B5 — ^ U 8 ® X | §.2x5 -9 a ■o^a 3 S -3 § « § 30 “ ' •S'gw^ fl-flpQHfi-a "Cc,S£!!",,*e > Table 4. — Enrollment in full-time day schools , by level of instruction, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1899-1900 to 1951-52 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 344112—55 - 3 t-~ O 03.9 ; o c P-2 Pi! §|1| BSZZS O o.’O 5 7! ^ ® o JgU kT _j o O SJIII fl 1|§M ss|sS 9'3« ^ o 9.2 s-2 ssjis-s 5 £ .§3 JS §1 •Sll 0,q OP 2 o Q. co ® § 3 O 22 22 2 is — c c I 13 w .c c o c 1 2 •n ® CZJD o a S3 XI © S H 3 c3 X! O S lO «D Oi 00 CC 00 N M OO doioNdwNido WXOJOJOOCOH HTfcDOOOiO- ) o o o !S§2 QOQQOOQOQ ooooooooo h*"oo ocToo od cTod cm" cm" OOCOrHHNiOh-ON iOONHOSOOCOWW JHCDOOHt^T )COOrfO^O(N 1CCHCONOOOW (M 00 CO CO CM ' r- oc cm cm < NCOrH^O< CM CM i-h" . CO CM CO CO C :8Slg88c » o o o o o c - O O O O O' C >oooooc I Q CO O CM CO > CM iO 1> t^» iO > CO 00 CO CO CM iooooooo > o o o o o o o isWtfSsa" > t>» 05 CO CO CM iO CO r rjT cm" cm" cm" co" CMi-HC5Oit^CM00CMcO t^t^cdt^oocdidt^r-M >00000000 >00000000 >00000000 " rf" o" od" co" o" o" co" o" >000000 1 O o © O O O >000000 " o" co" ^ O CO CO CO CO o » d d d d d h rH c N05O 05 05NC0 OOcOOCMCMCO^CMoO NCO^CCOOOOOH 000000 000000 000000 cm" 00" 00" o" co" o" co" Tt<" OOiO-^NHCOC^OCO CCCOnHlO^MOW o o < o © < o»ooocoooocococo oudoSor^CMoSt^id NOQQOOOCOH CM^rf^OGOO^O r^cDlM rHcOfNNNO HN^IOHOSCO^W o o o o o o < 000000c 000000c ^ CM CO GO CO *C i-h - • o o < o o < > o O C >0000000 0000000 >0000000 O 00 CM co h»O00O5 CM CM 00 05 _ _ - CO 00 CM CO lOOOOcDCOOiCt - - - - co cO ^OOOOOOCM^Or-tCO d co 06 d n d d c4 o OOOOOOOC O O' O' O O' O O C OOOOOOOC 00000000c O O O O Q O O O C OOOOOOOOC CO 10 I rd cm* < JCOCOH’ ■ cd cm* id t OOOOOOOOC ©8080080c 0" ©" 0" co" 00 cm" 00 © c COOi-HOOOr-H^t^.C QOCX)COCOf-o>o>o>ncm 56.8 19.6 93.5 99.1 99.1 95.1 74.3 32.4 14.3 4.2 49.1 HNo>w»o^cceoo 00 CM 00 05 Hi? id 1-H T|5 1-h 1-H 05 05 05 05 CM Number | eo 30,466,000 l 574, 000 1 2, 622, 000 8, 556, 000 9, 390, 000 4, 148, 000 3, 068, 000 974, 000 846, 000 288, 000 15, 774, 000 304,000 1,344,000 4, 374, 000 4, 774, 000 2, 108, 000 1, 506, 000 534,000 602,000 228,000 § O CM CO 270, 000 1, 278, 000 4, 182, 000 4, 616, 000 2, 040, 000 1, 562, 000 440, 000 244, 000 60, 000 Total number CM O O | iO 3, 044, 000 2, 816, 000 8, 644, 000 9, 464, 000 4, 374, 000 4, 098, 000 3, 714, 000 9, 884, 000 11, 612, 000 O O O s CM 1, 554, 000 1, 438, 000 4, 414, 000 4, 816, 000 2, 216, 000 2, 026, 000 1,648, 000 4,200,000 5,440,000 29,898,000 1,490,000 1, 378, 000 4, 230, 000 4, 648, 000 2, 158, 000 2, 072, 000 2, 066, 000 5, 684, 000 6, 172, 000 § § p>>iO o> >» ►>> £ cd ^ CM 03 c3 rtSS ^ O^COGOOiO iOCOt^f-Hi-H*— <»— iCMCM Cfl CO £ c3 S c3 co S2 £ *3 .0.3 3! 8 ?«®0t!Cfloo .22S28« CO CO CO c3 c3 « g 2 $ >HONOI « g> O** c3 03 o3- ^ O'X'fflOOCIO °-3 © ^ 42 03 So 3 3 3 » 8? 213, 991 194, 272 8 19, 719 1, 881 CO CO Tt4 CO CD M *0 05 TtT*° CD OO s 15, 378 17, 498 Men © 05 eo w N GO wT 35,610 31, 890 8 3, 720 106, 742 (MO GO © u- 05 tjTt-T 05 ^ 1,576 CO CO CO ^ © 77,708 31, 999 45, 709 1939-40 Women ift 799, 752 g 05 CD 1 1 508, 060 61, 800 192, 023 173, 440 18, 583 1, 753 369 1,384 1 4, 599 947 © lO © eo 14, 311 16, 259 Men 298,331 y~ o w 70,187 1 67, 140 3, 047 138, 384 126, 837 11, 547 896 T 524 1, 444 O CO r* D* CD QO 35, 702 50, 545 1929-30 Women eo s OO GO GO 05 633,819 573, 718 4 60, 101 152, 405 138, 774 4 13, 631 1,251 246 1, 005 « 6, 571 1, 132 II ° GO lO eo N 12, 904 10, 676 Men N w CD w ea 00 05 ‘O 68,705 67, 239 4 1, 466 82, 689 74, 532 4 8, 157 1,564 339 1, 225 8 1, 578 447 © © 25, 401 35, 891 Type of school, by level - Continental United States.. . Total elementary and secondary schools . . . Elementary schools (including kindergartens) 8 . Public . . . Nonpublic . . . . . . . . . Secondary schools (including junior, senior, junior-senior, and regular high schools) 8 . . . Public.. . . . Nonpublic . . . . . Miscellaneous elementary and secondary schools: Noncollegiate departments of colleges . Publicly controlled . . . . . Privately controlled . Residential schools for exceptional children.. . . Federal schools for Indians and Alaskans . . . Higher education : Resident instructional staff, including critic teachers I1_. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Publicly controlled . . . Privately controlled . . Table 8.— Sources of income , by level of instruction , and by type of control: Continental United States , 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 pt| CO u. C3 c3 ” sfi b 0 3 93.2 ® •ills 3*0 >d d H «* CO to ^050 ecTeo co" 05 CD CO cT to" ©" cs r- CSJ lO CO cs 8 gig HNCO ^ ^ 05 O CO CO o" to" r-T HCO^ oa oa oo CO to t-H XPON CHC5 ^ CO CO r^oTco" » 8 1 1 i C o o H OJ to ‘ > O Pk® ®*3 5 § K2 1-5 mPH-< III !3ig so® 3 O to CoS >^0*3 02^ go° . 0 .2 liicifi ?§ 8 GO. 'S 3 *3 g -cos a .£ x: HiSVi v ® » ft fl >3 S cotI c3 ® T) T3 vj *3 fl - °.&S s» c3 ©,3 =3 2 1 ill 1 m 2o5 o ® c ® M -Sg S c3 • hji m - ■'j* Sr *o *? s 1 8~ § ills 3 p-o^S-g -TO ggjfB lllll SdOfi-9 a a g-gS 1^51 io C ISo > 1 oj a ^ ] a S Q rt-g-Ss® i J53-S3 ^ |§§& OHH 3 ®-3 3 5 >»' ® -3 «S £ m Is ||l “ £?J?* g ^ So «.2m S s §S®£8 CQ .2 _g - 3 fficoHW Ii: |.s jo 3 >0.3 1 ® ® .Sf— E3 ■sis W rH O h C3 03 3 S |3o.t q .a 3 ® 2 w ® a o ® O ^ a > o ^ §,2 % s§§° &&£& £ s«c t a s “ I*® g O ® ® 6fl 3 !> ® ® 05 £ o.&s sill ills bD-S-gg a|g~ *|8S Ofl^rEm a bx)is_ a 3 = ,§g®SS-a'® m 3^ft!T3 to nS»- I|5|S|lss| - ®« ®TO » 3 < 2.®S 3 T3 -3 -3 ® w ® i ® ^£5 3-ES ■3 fl STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 13 Expenditures In 1951-52, educational institutions at all levels, both publicly and privately controlled, expended $11.3 billion. This figure includes all types of expenditures: current (for operating the schools, including in¬ terest), $9.2 billion, or 81 percent; and capital outlay (termed plant ex¬ pansion in institutions of higher education), $2.1 billion, or 19 percent. Publicly controlled schools expended an estimated 79 percent of the total, and privately controlled schools, an estimated 21 percent (table 9). Table 9. — Expenditures , including capital outlay, by level of instruction, and by type of control: Continental United States, 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] Level of instruction, by type of school Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 All levels (elementary, secondary, higher) _ Current expenditures (including interest) L . .. . Capital outlay or plant expansion i _ _ _ _ . . _ Elementary and secondary schools 1 2 3 4 *. . . . . . . ... Current expenditures (including interest) _ _ _ Capital outlay . . $11, 312, 446 $8, 967, 357 $2, 345, 089 9, 211, 915 2, 100, 530 7, 218, 157 1, 749, 199 1, 993, 760 351, 330 8, 371, 907 7, 344, 237 3 1, 027, 670 6, 688, 012 1, 683, 894 5, 866, 904 1, 477, 332 3 821, 108 3 206, 562 Elementary schools (kindergarten-grade 8) . . . . . . Secondary schools (grades 9-12, plus postgraduate) . . Miscellaneous elementary and secondary schools (not included above) : Residential schools for exceptional children 6__ . . Federal schools for Indians . . . . 5, 873, 819 4 5, 096, 900 « 776, 919 2, 498, 088 * 2, 247, 337 ‘ 250, 751 40,800 25, 414 32, 300 25, 414 8, 500 Higher education (including noncollegiate departments) 7. . . Current expenditures _ _ _ _ _ 2, 874, 325 1, 565, 406 1, 308, 919 2, 471, 008 1, 305, 148 1, 165, 860 Educational and general _ _ Auxiliary enterprises . . 1, 921, 210 477, 673 39, 270 32, 855 1, 052, 826 231, 867 7,953 12, 502 868, 384 245, 806 31, 317 20, 353 Scholarships, fellowships, and prizes . . . . . . . . . Other current expenditures . . __ Plant expansion . . . .. . . _ _ 403, 317 260, 258 143, 059 1 Includes an estimated breakdown of expenditures of residential schools for exceptional children and of Federal schools for Indians. It was assumed that the distribution between current expenditures (including interest) and capital outlay was the same for these schools as for the public elementary and secondary schools (see 5th and 6th lines of the table) . 2 Excludes residential schools for exceptional children, and Federal schools for Indians, reported below. 3 Estimated on basis of per-pupil expenditure in public elementary and secondary schools. 4 Distribution between elementary and secondary schools estimated on basis of average teacher’s salary and pupil-teacher ratio at the elementary and the secondary levels. The per-pupil expenditure in secondary schools was calculated as 1.55 times the per-pupil expenditure in elementary schools. 1 Distribution between elementary and secondary schools estimated on basis of the distribution of ex¬ penditures in public elementary and secondary schools. 6 Estimated on basis of meager information. 7 Does not include schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities. Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Sources: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52; Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education (Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property), 1951-52. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs: Statistics Concerning Indian Education, Fiscal Year 1952. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Federal Funds for Education Many governmental agencies administer programs which provide Fed¬ eral funds for education. The Office of Education, for the purpose of providing a central and authoritative source of information on the educa¬ tional activities which receive such funds, began in 1933-34 to collect data concerning them from the respective agencies. Bulletins which bring together these data have been published biennially since that time. Table 10 summarizes data taken from Bulletin 1952, No. 12, Federal Funds for Education, 1950-51 and 1951-52. A total of $1.9 billion was expended during the year 1951-52, 74 percent of this amount by the Veterans’ Administration for its educational programs. Table 10. — Summary of Federal Government funds for education: 1951-52 1 Administering agency and purpose Amount Total _ $1,922,273,008 Federal Security Agency2 (now Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) _ 195, 885, 262 Office of Education _ Administration of the Office _ $2, 913, 890 Land-grant colleges _ 5, 030, 000 Vocational education below college grade. 3 26, 273, 383 Agriculture _ 9, 947, 537 Trade and industry _ 8, 093, 383 Home economics _ 6, 177, 707 Distributive occupations _ 900, 000 Teacher training _ 1, 114, 756 114, 961, 478 Assistance to federally affected areas _ 79, 893, 941 Maintenance and operation _ 35, 941, 311 Schoolhouse construction _ 43, 952, 630 School facilities survey _ 850, 264 Public Health Service _ 10, 959, 017 Grants to States for the further educa¬ tion of State and local public health personnel _ $1, 347, 309 Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (for conduct of research and investigations in the field of environmental sanitation and water pollution control) _ 136, 698 Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga _ 314, 010 For training and teaching, and for re¬ search fellowships _ 9, 161, 000 * Source: Bulletin 1952, No. 12, Federal Funds for Education, 1950-51 and 1951-52, supplemented by some 1951-52 data which were not available at the time the Bulletin was published. * Became the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare on April 11, 1953. * Includes $40,000 for Virgin Islands not distributed by field. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 15 Table 10. — Summary of Federal Government funds for education: 1951-52 — Continued Administering agency and purpose Amount Federal Security Agency (now Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) — Continued Surplus property transferred to educational institutions _ $43, 625, 876 Donable personal property (acquisition value) _ $42, 110, 501 Real property (fair value of transfers) __ 1, 515, 375 Vocational rehabilitation _ 21, 822, 891 Columbia Institution for the Deaf _ 390, 000 American Printing House for the Blind _ 125, 000 Howard University _ 4, 001, 000 For operation _ $2, 709, 000 For construction _ 1, 292, 000 Department of Agriculture 155, 660, 718 Agricultural experiment stations _ 11, 028, 708 Cooperative agricultural extension work _ 32, 057, 930 Revenue from national forests 4 _ 14, 081, 321 School lunch program _ 98, 492, 759 Cash distribution _ $66, 320, 000 Commodity distribution _ 32, 172, 759 Department of Commerce _ 4, 377, 133 Federal merchant marine schools _ 2, 572, 208 State maritime academies _ 646, 336 Training of unlicensed merchant marine personnel _ 36, 858 Upgrading of licensed and unlicensed merchant marine personnel _ _ 1, 121, 731 Department of Defense 29, 500, 101 Academic training of military personnel at service acad¬ emies and civilian schools _ 23, 608, 806 U. S. Military Academy _ $9, 340, 385 U. S. Naval Academy _ 7, 090, 600 Civilian institutions _ 3, 543, 821 College and graduate training of Naval Reserve personnel _ 3, 634, 000 Education of children of United States military personnel and civilian employees in oversea areas _ 5, 891, 295 Department of the Interior _ 45, 001, 390 Education programs for Indians in the U. S _ 25, 414, 022 Education programs for natives in Alaska _ 2, 752, 043 Education in the Virgin Islands _ 12, 406 Education in the Pribilof Islands _ 26, 400 * 25 percent of the annual national forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the State in which the reserve is located for the benefit of public schools and public roads in the specific counties in which the forest reserves are located. 344112—55 - 4 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 10. — Summary of Federal Government funds for education: 1951-52 — Continued Administering agency and purpose Amount Department of the Interior — Continued Education of children of employees of Yellowstone National Park _ $72, 603 Revenue from receipts for leasing grazing lands 5 _ 331, 984 Revenue from receipts for leasing mineral lands 6 _ 16, 391, 932 Department of Justice: Vocational and general education in Federal penal institu¬ tions _ 425, 999 Department of State: Educational exchange programs _ 7 25, 983, 116 Department of the Treasury _ 2, 266, 000 Coast Guard Academy _ 2, 219, 000 Tuition for coast guard personnel _ 47, 000 Atomic Energy Commission _ 23, 018, 458 Expenditures for the development of scientists and of new information about atomic energy _ Fellowships _ $1, 126, 220 Other training _ 688, 059 Research _ 17, 638, 592 19, 452, 871 Construction, maintenance, and operation of elementary and secondary schools at Los Alamos, Oak Ridge, and Rich¬ land _ 3, 565, 587 Canal Zone 8 _ 1, 852, 404 Elementary and secondary schools _ 1, 762, 600 Apprentice school _ 13, 374 Junior college _ 76, 430 8 States in which Federal grazing lands are located receive 12^> percent of the grazing receipts from each of the national grazing districts and 50 percent of grazing receipts from lands outside of grazing districts. This money may be used as the State legislatures prescribe for the benefit of the subdivisions having such grazing lands within their areas. An additional 33H percent of the grazing receipts from each grazing dis¬ trict located in Indian land ceded to the United States for disposition under the public-land laws is paid to the State in which such land is located. These payments are for the benefit of schools and roads of the re¬ spective counties. 9 37^ percent of the receipts from rentals, royalties, and bonuses from mineral lands in the public domain is paid to the States in which such mineral lands are located, to be used for public roads, public schools, or other public educational institutions. 7 Includes $6,081,625 foreign currency equivalent. 8 The entire cost of educational services is paid by the Canal Zone Government from funds appropriated by Congress. However, the Panama Canal Company, under the provisions of Public Law 841, approved September 26, 1950, is required to reimburse the United States Treasury as nearly as possible for the net costs of the Canal Zone Government, including public education. Funds to reimburse the Treasury are obtained from tolls and from license fees and other payments made to the Panama Canal Company by the various commercial activities. These funds have been sufficient to restore to the Treasury the full cost of the Canal Zone Government, including public education. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 17 Table 10. — Summary of Federal Government funds for education: 1951-52 — Continued Administering agency and purpose Amount District of Columbia _ $2, 856, 015 Expenditures for public education 9 _ 2, 847, 000 National Training School for Girls 10 _ 9, 015 Foreign Operations Administration: Federal funds obligated for cooperative educational activi¬ ties in underdeveloped areas 11 of other countries _ 12, 141, 000 Veterans Administration _ _ 1,423,305,412 Vocational rehabilitation (Public Laws 16 and 894) _ 97, 902, 064 Tuition, equipment, and supplies _ $23, 619, 180 Subsistence allowance _ 74, 282, 884 Education and training (Public Laws 346 and 550) _ 1, 325, 403, 348 Tuition, equipment, and supplies _ $425, 746, 390 Subsistence allowance _ 899, 656, 958 8 Data from Chapter 2, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States: 1950-52. 10 The Federal contribution of $9,015 has been estimated at 11.5 percent of the $78,389 total allotted by the District of Columbia. Includes Africa, Far East, Latin America, Near East, and South Asia. ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION Historical Summary Table 11 gives a historical summary of public elementary and secondary education in continental United States, presenting data on population, pupils, instructional staff, and finance, decennially for the years ending 1870 to 1950, and for 1952. To make the financial data more meaningful, beginning in 1930 certain averages and per pupil expenditures have been expressed both in terms of actual dollars, and also in dollars adjusted to the 1951-52 purchasing power (by means of the Consumer Price Index). Average salary of the instructional staff members has been expressed in this manner, and may be compared with the data given for personal in¬ come per member of the labor force, reported on the same basis. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance has also been reported in unadjusted and adjusted dollars. Enrollment In 1951-52 enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools reached a new peak, 26,562,633 pupils: 20,680,866 in kindergarten to grade 8, inclusive; and 5,881,797 in grades 9-12 and postgraduate. Table 12 gives enrollment in these schools by grade from 1940-41 to 1951-52. Table 11. — Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Continental United States 1869-70 to 1951-52 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 £ COO>»OM O0 . CD co co © »o WH CO ID CO 0303 - ^ WOO rH . .00 1 00 00 (M O rH 00 C5 03 - O . . . lO CO . . 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CO £coS°t kO(NN ^ 03 03 CO 03 CD co r^ToT > >> ■« 03 C8 Sa 42 S >» 8-0 «2-h,2 o cd w S-3 a E-S © -p? © O K1 03 S«s g-1 & I I&I! ®-©rg«^ ° Pv “ o t. 03 O’ so stia •’-!42 © © |3 t3 >g O O Eh Ah 0 fl-O S8§ © © © AhAhoq SS42 '65 si IS? 5 81 I A*"" s a g— . © 03 03 _ 0 H fe * § S3 ©5^^ > O © t> ► +» O'-- h^EhAh^^ &h H5** ■s&s ||o S B'S saa o o o Ah Ah Ah " & &£ © a. ® a" I ® 03 c3 OT ’ ©-o§8«; a h g PH A- CD 9!-ais | 3 g 8a © « 03 (-.-O l: 1=1 30& o © 0 <§ galop's © © Ph Eh >>a 42 a 3» •"2^5 IHI “a«o3 0-2 o o Ah Ah Ah STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 19 c o © M §3 §1 O © -S et 1 °f § g° -© .* 5 73 2 O c G o © S a-® d, C > t! 1 5 -3 o t3 a © W a fi £ — ” - - . CJ © © ,c £-0 >>g •r w sr “rr £o-2.s£! tc 2 £-o'“;J £© >>5 ig'ss.si K.S » O OSH +j c o;2 o Ea® fl . — CM co S3 C.^ e * £©| !3 >»OT | fi £> so I 02 O §S H §3 „•> w ^ . ci i--ac ng^S^I 2 §gj JO 1T.3 PsW o S 5§ g 8 o« C *3 •3 n _g 3 S« o«„ o © *a |° il *3-0 S-o Og oca i-i ^ . O C9,h s fev S 09 ri a&S oJa 02.2* • 2 C3 ja o co l-7? 03 « a c q. a -S. © O =3 c3 “ °* a ® -o " - c jo . © -© •§ £ B £ © « 5 ^ c3 3 £ ^ ®vS c «« otfeg,-5SS “«2r:§ 8 ® 0-0 fe c|o a O g-2 Sfi^cJ g ^ 2 S ©W © >c las|^lo| feOsQ t|- 03^5 _ ■3 £ o’©! 8 rf&U .2»k3o 1111” ?oo§2 £ fa 03 .® o © Mm o. 3 &M 2q 5 3 v. a ®t3 11 si cnr§ § “ S;3 33 T3 O 3 fa"© ®<3 * CO® 1-g 1-a >.§ 50 'I Slfl g S 5*» a -a -3 g ®T3 Eh & STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 21 Four of every five persons of high-school age (considered 14-17 years, inclusive) were enrolled in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic high schools in 1951-52. The percentage has been steadily increasing, from 6.7 in 1889-1890, to 51.4 in 1929-30, and to 77.3 in 1951-52 (table 13). The retention rates in the high -school grades in general have also shown upward trends. Of 1,000 pupils in the 9th grade in 1948-49, 616 were graduated from high school in 1951-52 (table 14). High-School Graduates Public and nonpublic high schools in continental United States gradu¬ ated 1,196,500 persons in 1951-52, equal to 59 of each 100 persons 17 years old. This may be compared with 2 of each 100 in 1869-70; 6 in 1899-1900; 17 in 1919-20; 29 in 1929-30; and 51 in 1939-40 (table 15). Table 13. — Total public and nonpublic secondary school enrollment, and population 14-17 years of age: Continental United States, 1889-90 to 1951-52 Year Enrollment, grades 9-12, and postgraduate Population, 14-17 1 years of age Number enrolled per 100 population, 14-17 years of age Number 2 Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-1890 359, 949 5, 354, 653 6.7 1899-1900 . . . 699, 403 94.3 6, 152, 231 14.9 11.4 1909-1910 _ _ _ _ _ 1, 115, 398 209.9 7, 220, 298 34.8 15.4 1919-1920 . . . 2, 500, 176 594.6 7, 735, 841 44.5 32.3 1929-1930 . . . . . . 4, 804, 255 1, 234. 7 9, 341, 221 74.5 51.4 1939-1940 . . . . . . 7, 123, 009 1, 878. 9 9, 720, 419 81.5 73.3 1941-1942 _ _ _ 6, 933, 265 1, 826. 2 « 9, 547, 713 78.3 72.6 1943-1944 _ _ _ _ _ 6, 030, 617 1, 575. 4 3 9, 280, 273 73.3 65.0 1945-1946 . . . 6, 237, 133 1, 632. 8 3 8, 903, 074 66.3 70.1 1947-1948. . . . . 6, 305, 168 1, 651. 7 3 8, 567, 971 60.0 73.6 1949-1950 _ _ _ _ _ 6, 427, 042 1, 685. 5 8, 404, 757 57.0 76.5 1951-1952. _ _ _ 6, 596, 351 1, 732. 6 3 8, 532, 000 59.3 77.3 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census: data as of July 1 at the end of the school year have been used through 1949-50: starting with 1951-52, data as of July 1 at the beginning of the school year have been used. 3 Includes pupils in secondary grades of schools operated by teacher-training institutions of higher educa¬ tion, subcollegiate students in preparatory departments of institutions of higher education, and high-school pupils in residential schools for exceptional children; beginning in 1951-52 also includes Federal schools for Indians. 3 Estimated. Table 14. — Retention rates,1 ninth grade through high-school graduation, in public and nonpublic schools: Continental United States, 1939-40 to 1951-52 Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the first year in high schools in — High school year 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 1941- 42 1942- 43 1943- 44 1944- 45 1945- 46 1946- 47 1947- 48 1948- 49 * 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I... . . . . 1,000 1, 000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1, 000 1, 000 1,000 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 1,000 1, 000 II _ 845 868 885 891 838 837 822 862 892 885 884 901 882 III... . . . . 725 751 760 721 660 640 668 707 725 736 748 761 766 IV... . . . 649 618 638 573 506 527 558 609 649 652 660 674 648 Graduates _ Year of high-school 579 583 582 540 469 490 526 577 616 618 625 623 616 graduation _ 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1 These retention rates are approximate only. They are based on enrollments in public schools in grades 9 through 12 in successive years, and on the number of public high-school graduates. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 15. — Number of high-school graduates 1 compared with population 17 years of age'- Continental United States , 1869-70 to 1951-52 Year Population 17 years old 2 High school graduates Number graduated per Total Boys Girls 100 persons 17 years of age 1 2 3 4 5 6 1869-70- . . . . . . 815, 000 16, 000 7,064 8, 936 2.0 1879-80— . . . 946, 026 23, 634 10, 605 13, 029 2.5 1889-90 . . . 1, 259, 177 43, 731 18, 549 25, 182 3.5 1899-1900 . . . . 1, 489, 146 94, 883 38, 075 56, 808 6.4 1909-10 . . . 1, 786, 240 156, 429 63,676 92, 753 8.8 1919-20 . . . . . . 1, 855, 173 311, 266 123, 684 187, 582 16.8 1929-30.. . . . 2, 295, 822 666, 904 300, 376 366, 528 29.0 1939-40... . . . . 2, 403, 074 1, 221, 475 578, 718 642, 757 50.8 1941-42. . . . . 2, 425, 574 1, 242, 375 576, 717 665, 658 51.2 1943-44— _ _ 2, 410, 389 1, 019, 233 423, 971 595, 262 42.3 1945-46.... . . . . 2, 254, 738 1, 080, 033 466, 926 613, 107 47.9 1947-48 _ _ _ 2, 202, 927 1, 189, 909 562, 863 627, 046 54.0 1949-50. . . . . . 2, 034, 450 1, 199, 700 570, 700 629, 000 59.0 1951-52... . . . 2, 040, 800 1, 196, 500 569, 200 627, 300 58.6 1 Includes graduates from public and nonpublic schools. 3 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Transportation and Consolidation of Schools The number of public elementary and secondary school pupils trans¬ ported at pubbc cost and, in consequence, the expenditure for such trans¬ portation have been increasing each biennium (table 16). In 1929-30, 1,903,000 children, or 7 of each 100, were transported at public cost; in 1951-52, the number had risen to 29 pupils of each 100. This increase is due to a large extent to the decrease in the number of 1 -teacher and other small schools because of consolidation of schools and of adminis¬ trative units. One-teacher schools decreased in number from 149,300 in 1929-30 to 50,700 in 1951-52 (table 17). Table 16. — Number of pupils transported at public cost , and expenditures for transportation: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1951-52 Year 1929-30 _ 1931-32 _ 1933-34 _ 1935-36 _ 1937-38 _ 1939-40 _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 _ 1945-46 _ 1947-48 _ 1949-50 _ _ 1951-52 _ _ _ Expenditure of public funds for transportation Number of pupils excluding capital transported at outlay {Thousands public co*t 1, 902, 826 2, 419, 173 2, 794, 724 3, 250, 658 3, 769, 242 4, 144, 161 4, 503, 081 4, 512, 412 5, 056, 966 5, 854, 041 6, 947, 384 7, 697, 130 of dollars) $54, 823 58, 078 53, 908 62, 653 75, 637 83, 283 92, 922 107, 754 129, 756 176, 265 214, 504 268, 827 Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23 Table 17. — Decrease in number of 1 -teacher public schools: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1951-52 Year 1929-30 _ 1931-32 _ 1933-34 _ 1935-36 _ 1937-38 _ 1939-40 _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 _ 1945-46 _ 1947-48 _ 1949-50 _ 1951-52 _ Number of 1 -teacher schools 1 149, 282 1 143, 390 1 139, 166 1 131, 101 121, 178 113, 600 107, 692 96, 302 86, 563 75, 096 59, 652 50, 742 Percent decrease since 1989-80 3. 9 6. 8 12. 2 18. 8 23. 9 27. 9 35. 5 42. 0 49. 7 60. 0 66. 0 ! United States Department of the Interior, Office of Education. Are the 1-teacher schools passing? By W. H. Gaumnitz. (Pamphlet No. 92). Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Chapter on Statis¬ tics of State School Systems of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, for years 1937-38 to 1951-52, inclusive. Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools amounted to $6.4 billion in 1951-52 (table 18). The proportion received from each source was: Federal, 3.5 percent; State, 38.6; county, 6.0; and local 51.8. In analyzing the distribution of revenue receipts by source since 1929-30, it becomes evident that the receipts from Federal and State sources have increased, and that those from county and other local sources have decreased. Expenditures of public elementary and secondary school systems are classified as follows: Current expenditures (comprising administration, instruction, operation of school plant, maintenance of school plant, auxiliary services, and fixed charges); capital outlay; interest; and evening, summer, and adult schools. Table 19 presents historical data by the foregoing classifications for total expenditures and gives the percentage distribution. Table 20 presents data on average annual salary of instructional staff, biennially from 1929-30 to 1951-52, and also data on personal income per member of the labor force. The personal income series is readily available and provides a suggestive comparison with the average salary of instruc¬ tional staff. The data are reported in stable dollars, adjusted to the purchasing power of the dollar in 1951-52, as well as in unadjusted or 344112—55 - 5 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 18. — Total revenue receipts of public-school systems , and percentage distribution by source: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1951-52 Revenue receipts Year Total amount 1 (thousands) Total percent Percentage from— Federal State County Local i 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929-30 . . . . . $2, 088, 557 100.0 0.4 16.9 10.4 72.3 1931-32 _ _ _ 2, 068, 029 100.0 .4 19.8 8.8 71.0 1933-34 _ _ _ 1, 810, 652 100.0 1.2 23.4 9.3 66.1 1935-36... . . . . . 1, 971, 402 100.0 .5 29.3 7.1 63.1 1937-38 _ 2, 222, 885 100.0 1.2 29.5 6.5 62.8 1939-40 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 260, 527 100.0 1.7 30.3 6.7 61.3 1941-42.. _ _ _ _ 2, 416, 580 100.0 1.4 31.5 6.2 60.9 1943-44 _ _ _ 2, 604, 322 100.0 1.4 33.0 5.6 60.0 1945-46 _ _ _ 3, 059, 845 100.0 1.4 34.7 6.0 57.9 1947-48 _ 4, 311, 534 100.0 2.8 38.9 5.3 53.0 1949-50 _ 5, 437, 044 100.0 2.9 39.8 6.0 51.3 1951-52... _ _ _ _ _ - 6, 423, 816 100.0 3.5 38.6 6.0 51.8 1 Includes income from subsidies from educational foundations, which amounts to less than 0.05 percent of the total. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. Table 19. — Expenditures of public-school systems , by purpose: Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] Purpose 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1949-50 1951-52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total expenditures $2,316, 791 $2,344,049 $2, 322, 697 $2,452,581 $2,906,887 $5,837,642 $7,344,237 Current expenditures *— 1, 843, 552 1, 941, 799 2, 067, 660 2, 293, 337 2, 707, 441 4, 687, 274 5, 722, 162 Administration . 78, 680 91, 571 101, 463 110, 631 132, 899 220, 050 265, 636 Instruction _ .. 1, 317, 727 1, 403, 285 1, 457, 877 1, 590, 634 1, 853, 911 3, 112, 340 3, 781, 837 Operation _ ... 216, 072 194, 365 209, 788 238, 774 270, 280 427, 587 508, 575 Maintenance _ 78, 810 73, 321 78, 862 77, 324 101, 254 214, 164 248, 674 Auxiliary services _ 101, 993 129, 141 138, 951 169, 523 213, 617 451, 663 575, 839 Fixed charges . 50, 270 50, 116 80, 719 106, 452 135, 480 261, 469 341, 601 Capital outlay _ 370, 878 257, 974 137, 552 53, 856 111,046 1, 014, 176 1, 477, 332 Interest . . . 92, 536 130, 909 108, 781 96, 805 76, 923 100, 578 114, 310 Evening, summer, and adult schools . . 9,825 13, 367 8, 704 8, 583 11, 477 35, 614 30, 432 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION Total _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditures U.. 79.6 82.8 89.0 93.5 93.1 80.3 77.9 Administration _ 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.6 3.8 3.6 Instruction _ _ 56.9 59.9 62.8 64.9 63.8 53.3 51.5 Operation _ . 9.3 8.3 9.0 9.7 9.3 7.3 6.9 Maintenance . . 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.4 Auxiliary services _ 4.4 5. 5. 6.0 6.9 7.3 7.7 7.8 Fixed charges _ 2.2 2.1 3.5 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.7 Capital outlay _ 16.0 11.0 5.9 2.2 3.8 17.4 20.1 Interest... . . . . 4.0 5.6 4.7 3.9 2.6 1.7 1.6 Evening, summer, and adult schools . . . 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 * Full-time day schools. Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-62. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 25 current dollars. The following chart presents graphically the data in table 20. THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, and personal income per member of labor force: 1929-30 !o 1951-52. (In stable dollars of 1951-52 purchasing power). Table 20. — Average annual salary per member of instructional staff and personal income per member of labor force , in unadjusted dollars and in stable dollars (1951-52 purchasing power): Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1951-52 Year Unadjusted dollars Stable dollars (1951-52 pur¬ chasing power) 1 Average an¬ nual salary per member of instruc¬ tional staff Personal in¬ come per member of labor force 2 Average an¬ nual salary per member of instruc¬ tional staff Personal in¬ come per member of labor force 2 I 2 3 4 5 1929-30 . . . . $1,420 $1,634 $2, 181 $2, 510 1931-32. . . . . . . 1,417 1,136 2, 586 2, 073 1933-34 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,227 966 2,437 1,918 1935-36. _ _ 1,283 1,204 2,457 2,306 1937-38. _ _ _ _ 1,374 1,304 2,524 2,395 1939-40. . . . . . 1,441 1,358 2,713 2, 557 1941-42 . . . . 1,507 1,869 2,544 1 3, 155 1943-44 . . . . . . . 1,728 2,434 2,611 3, 678 1945-46. _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,995 2, 772 2,879 4,000 1947-48 . . . . . . 2,639 3, 211 2, 977 3, 622 1949-50 . . . . . 3, 010 3,385 3, 344 3,761 1951-52 . . . . . . 3, 450 3, 981 3, 450 3,981 : Adjusted by use of Consumer Price Index, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics 2 Labor force defined as employed persons 14 years old and over, including armed forces. Sources: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current Business, July 1954. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1947 edition. Later data, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P-50 and P-57. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Selected data, by State, from “Statistics of State School Systems” 1 In general this summary presents data on a national basis, rather than State by State. There are some items, however, for which there are significant differences among the States. Items of this type have been selected from "Statistics of State School Systems" and presented in tables 21 and 22. The data are derived: i. e., they are either averages, such as average length of school term in days, average annual salary of instruc¬ tional staff, and expenditure per pupil; or percentages, such as school-age population as a percent of total population, average daily attendance as a percent of enrollment, and revenue receipts by source (Federal, State, county, or local). Table 27. — Selected ratios regarding school-age population, total enrollment, secondary- school 1 enrollment, average daily attendance, and pupils transported; and average length of school term in days: for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1951-52 State, by region School-age population as percent of total population Total en¬ rollment as percent of school- age popu¬ lation 2 Average daily at¬ tendance as percent of total en¬ rollment Secondary 1 school en¬ rollment as percent of total en¬ rollment Pupils transported as percent of total en¬ rollment Average length of school term in days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States 20.5 84.7 87.6 22.1 29.0 178.2 Northeast _ _ 18.2 79.1 87.4 24.6 21.2 181.2 Connecticut _ 18. 1 82. 7 87. 7 21. 6 26.6 180.9 Maine. .. ... 21. 6 88. 6 84. 7 21. 2 36. 6 179.6 Massachusetts . . . .. 18. 1 76.8 87.2 25.8 17.4 178.8 New Hampshire _ 19. 6 72.4 88.6 24.6 36.3 176. 7 New Jersey . . 17. 5 82. 5 86. 7 23.4 20.0 182. 5 New York _ _ _ 17.3 79.9 86. 1 24.8 16.5 181.3 Pennsylvania _ 19.6 77.0 89.6 25.8 26.5 182.3 Rhode Island _ 17.8 71. 6 85. 1 21.9 12.6 180.0 Vermont _ . 21.7 79.0 89. 3 20.1 25.1 172.8 North Central . . 19.8 83.3 88.1 24.0 25.3 178.7 Illinois . . . 18.2 76.2 88. 6 25. 5 17. 4 187.1 Indiana... . 20. 2 91. 5 85. 2 22.9 35. 7 173. 7 Iowa.. . . . 20. 7 91.3 87. 2 23.6 28.6 179. 1 Kansas . . . . . 20. 1 94.4 86. 2 24. 0 17.6 171.4 Michigan _ _ 20.6 84. 2 89.3 22. 0 21.8 180.0 Minnesota . 21.2 81. 1 89.5 25.2 28.6 172.8 Missouri . . . 19. 4 86. 7 84. 1 22.3 27. 5 182.2 Nebraska _ _ 20.3 85. 7 88.8 25. 4 5. 1 176.3 North Dakota _ 24.3 80. 1 89. 6 23. 4 16. 1 174.1 Ohio . . 19.3 83. 7 89. 7 23.3 35.3 176.0 South Dakota _ _ 22. 1 84.6 88.2 24.3 13.6 176.3 Wisconsin . . 20.5 72.8 89.8 28.4 21.7 177.6 South . . . 23.3 86.5 86.2 19.4 38.1 176.8 Alabama . 25.4 86.1 86.9 86.5 84. 2 19. 4 44.4 176.4 Arkansas . . . . 25. 3 19. 7 48.7 171.6 Delaware . . . 19.4 78. 1 87.9 22.7 32.0 181.1 Florida _ _ 19. 7 93.4 85.2 20. 7 34.8 180. 1 Georgia.. . 24.3 88.8 81. 4 84.8 16. 0 38.6 180.0 Kentucky. . 24. 0 84.8 87.8 17. 5 37. 2 172.8 Louisiana . . 23.8 78. 5 18.4 49. 0 179.0 Maryland . . 19. 7 79.8 86.6 20. 1 35.3 182.4 Mississippi . . 26. 5 92.4 88.0 16.2 41.1 163.2 North Carolina . . 25.1 87.7 89.3 21.2 47.4 179.9 See footnotes at end of table. 1 U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Educa¬ tion in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 27 Table 21. — Selected ratios regarding school-age population, total enrollment , secondary- school 1 enrollment , average daily attendance , and pupils transported ; and average length of school term in days: for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1951-52 — Continued State, by region School-age population as percent of total population Total en¬ rollment as percent of school- age popu¬ lation 2 Average daily at¬ tendance as percent of total en¬ rollment Secondary i school en¬ rollment as percent of total en¬ rollment Pupils transported as percent of total en¬ rollment Average length of school term in days < 2 3 4 5 6 7 South— Continued Oklahoma . . . . 22.8 99.0 79.3 23.4 28.4 181.9 South Carolina . 26.7 88.9 83.4 16.7 34.9 178.8 Tennessee . . . 23.5 87.1 87.9 19.2 41.7 176.8 Texas _ _ _ _ 21.9 82.9 86.3 20.3 22.1 175.3 Virginia _ 21.8 85. 4 87.3 19.0 50.1 180.0 West Virginia _ 25.0 88.6 89.8 21.8 43.7 173.1 District of Columbia _ 14.6 86.4 84.0 20.6 30.2 177.8 West . . . . _ 19.5 92.7 90.6 21.8 24.5 176.0 Arizona . . . 24.0 89.1 80.9 19.5 22.8 169.2 California. . . . . 17.9 92.8 96.8 21.0 17.8 175.0 Colorado . . . 20.4 89.7 83.5 22.2 18.5 174.3 Idaho _ _ _ 24.4 90.3 88.8 25.8 48.2 * 176. 0 Montana . . . 21.8 85.2 88.9 24.8 27.4 183.1 Nevada . . . . 19.4 2 115. 2 75.5 20.7 14.6 176.3 New Mexico . . . 26.0 86.4 81.6 18.9 24.9 180.0 Oregon _ _ 20.0 91.3 85.9 24.5 43.8 179.7 Utah _ _ _ 25.1 94.9 90.6 25.1 28.1 174.4 Washington _ _ 19.5 19.3 82.5 22.0 35.3 179.3 Wyoming.. . . . 21.8 95.4 81.3 23.1 25.1 175.7 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . _ 16. 1 76.9 73. 1 14.3 170.1 American Samoa 36.8 57. 1 4.8 Canal Zone 17. 9 86.2 18.7 3.8 188. 5 Guam... . . . . 20.3 75.0 93.8 14.3 7.9 181.3 Hawaii _ _ _ _ 23.5 78.5 94.3 24.7 178.3 Puerto Rico _ _ _ 33.2 61.8 88.5 12.1 0.7 192.0 Virgin Islands . . 32.0 60.0 92.7 12.1 5.7 182.0 1 Grades 9-12 inclusive, and postgraduates. 2 Enrollment figures for a given State include pupils who enrolled for the first time in the United States during the school year and pupils who were previously enrolled in another State. Since enrollment is a cumulative total (the number increases but never decreases), care should be exercised in relating pupils enrolled to the total school age population (5-17 inclusive) which represents an estimate as of one day during the year. Hence it is possible that, in those States having a large proportion of migrant families, enroll¬ ment may exceed the school age population. The estimated net enrollment, excluding transfers, in Con¬ tinental U. S. is 25,786,000. 3 Transportation program is operated for handicapped children only. * Estimated. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 22. — Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools , by State : 1951-52 State, by region Percentage analysi revenue receipts public sources s of from Average annual salary per member of instruc¬ tional staff 1 Annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for— Expend¬ iture of public funds for trans¬ porta¬ tion, per pupil trans¬ ported Fed¬ eral State County Local Current expend¬ iture Interest Capital outlay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ S.5 38.6 6.0 51.8 $3,450 $244. 24 $4. 92 $63. 52 $34. 93 Northeast . . . 1.8 31.1 0.1 67.0 3, 940 299.70 6.75 65. 56 41.17 2.4 22.0 75.5 3,937 291. 25 6. 09 91. 19 36.89 Maine _ _ _ 2.3 22.1 75.6 2,269 181. 31 1.26 26. 72 34. 57 Massachusetts . . . 1.8 18.3 79.9 3, 553 266. 96 46.93 36. 47 4.1 4.9 91.0 3, 031 254.63 2.67 46. 51 43. 42 New Jersey . . 2.4 12.5 0.6 84.5 3, 922 312. 07 8.22 64.01 39. 37 1. 1 40.5 58.4 4,591 351. 78 11.59 108. 56 52. 66 Pennsylvania . . . 2.3 34.1 63.6 3, 536 264. 17 4.29 23.44 34.60 Rhode' Island. . 3.9 14.4 81.7 3, 603 258. 51 37.64 48. 47 Vermont _ _ _ 5.0 21.7 73.3 2,598 219. 83 1.96 28.49 58. 24 North Central . . 2.0 29.5 2.9 65.6 3, 423 258.23 4.74 62.77 ! 48.96 Illinois _ _ _ 1.6 15.4 0.1 82.9 3,903 291. 48 7. 38 74.92 58.06 Indiana . . . ... 1.5 36.2 (2) 62.2 3, 865 253. 22 6.73 41.95 48. 57 Iowa . . 1.5 14.7 1.1 82.7 2. 895 260. 57 2. 92 51.68 59.16 Kansas _ _ 3.8 22.4 15.2 58.6 2,963 245. 95 5. 33 102.74 70. 55 Michigan _ _ _ .. 1.1 55.4 0.3 43.2 3, 862 267. 47 3. 61 80.87 47.08 Minnesota . . . 1.8 38.9 5.7 53.6 3, 327 276. 92 4. 51 57.50 75. 47 Missouri.. . . . 2.9 35.5 6.0 55.6 2,763 211. 63 2. 00 35. 66 46.83 Nebraska _ _ ... .. 5.9 6.6 0.5 87.0 2, 550 245. 54 1.89 22.79 _ _ North Dakota. . . . 2.4 27.4 22.3 47.9 2, 535 256. 21 2.93 20.10 ! 66.84 Ohio _ 1.7 30.6 (3) 67.6 3, 537 232. 44 6.66 78. 61 24.44 South Dakota . 4.4 11.7 1.3 82.6 2,351 250. 72 2. 55 36.31 63.84 Wisconsin _ _ ... 2.6 16.3 13.1 68.0 3,590 284. 58 .55 38.50 62.46 South . . 6.1 55.4 15.7 22.7 2, 837 181. 10 3. 48 46. 20 24.20 Alabama . . . . 6.2 73.3 11.6 9.0 2,537 150. 06 .93 12. 24 18. 71 Arkansas.. . . 9.1 47.2 1.3 42.4 1, 884 123. 44 4. 61 29. 47 20. 46 Delaware . . 1. 5 88.2 10.3 3, 919 317. 83 4. 17 174. 54 36. 19 Florida. . . . . 6.0 47.9 23.4 22.7 3,248 206. 12 5. 22 75. 29 20. 21 Georgia _ _ 9.7 64.7 16.4 9.2 2, 586 165. 81 1.62 25. 50 25.69 Kentucky . 8.7 38.5 26.4 26.4 2,393 150. 65 1.64 10. 26 23.42 Louisiana . . . 3.5 70.9 21.1 4.5 3,124 237. 40 7. 10 49. 65 30. 81 Maryland. . . . 3.7 40.6 32.3 23.4 3,903 242. 62 8. 16 123.63 30. 41 Mississippi _ 8.8 45.9 13.9 31.4 1,617 95.73 30.17 24. 05 North Carolina. . . 7.1 67.9 18.6 6.4 3, 282 175. 62 2. 89 57.46 16. 99 Oklahoma . . . 4.1 47.9 2.0 46.0 3,031 226. 36 2. 16 32. 58 42. 75 South Carolina . . 8.5 57.3 0.3 33.9 2, 400 153. 95 .47 19. 04 17. 13 Tennessee _ 8.0 55.4 26.3 10.3 2,462 148. 07 .89 38. 80 22. 12 Texas _ _ _ 4.6 58.4 0.7 36.3 3, 213 223. 29 9.14 57. 19 38. 45 Virginia . . . 6.1 41.1 31.9 20.9 2,627 168. 64 2. 09 90. 37 19. 85 West Virginia 3. 8 64.3 31.9 2,967 183. 30 21.86 20.57 District of Columbia _ 9.5 90.5 4, 467 301. 19 60. 44 « 227. 16 West . . . 4.9 39.5 5.3 50.4 4, 209 291.67 6. 09 105. 44 41.66 Arizona ... . 3.2 27.9 10.7 58.3 4, 021 262. 71 4. 14 68. 88 30.09 California . . . . 4.1 39.0 2.6 54.4 J 4, 163 « 260.72 7. 88 135. 13 45. 83 Colorado _ _ _ 3.1 18.1 9.3 69. 5 3,244 253. 16 6. 40 79. 62 45.05 Idaho... . . . . 4.6 18.4 20.0 57.0 2, 849 211. 64 3. 21 47. 23 37.05 Montana... _ 7.3 25.6 31.7 35.4 3, 094 302. 14 1.85 49. 66 81.29 Nevada . . . 13.9 31.3 27.0 27.8 3, 484 262. 96 7. 46 55.88 56.46 New Mexico. . . 11.3 76.6 7. 6 4.5 3, 621 261. 18 3.17 50. 98 61.42 Oregon _ _ _ 3.1 31.8 3.8 61.3 3, 679 316. 10 5. 78 95. 82 36.06 Utah . . 4.9 38.6 56.4 3, 420 196. 36 2. 81 61.51 25. 33 Washington. . . . 7.1 61. 1 5.0 26.9 3. 919 283. 77 2.79 79. 27 30. 26 Wyoming _ 14.4 34.4 7.6 43; 5 3, 157 311.63 5. 20 56. 43 75. 30 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 29 Table 22. — Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools , by State 1951-52 — Continued State, by region Percentage analysis of revenue receipts from public sources Average annual salary per member of instruc¬ tional staff 1 Annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for — Expend¬ iture of public funds 0 for trans¬ porta¬ tion, per pupil trans¬ ported Fed¬ eral State County Local Current expend¬ iture Interest Capital outlay 1 _ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska.-. . . _ - 13.1 91.4 55.7 31.2 8.6 $3, 958 3, 870 3, 079 3, 608 1,794 1,487 $322. 51 211.48 143. 79 225.23 78. 31 122.26 $84.20 1. 42 7. 05 7. 26 1.94 Canal Zone _ $36. 88 Guam . . . . 100.0 80.7 83.3 Hawaii.. _ _ _ _ 2.6 16.7 17.9 16.8 Puerto Rico _ - 15.86 32. 52 Virgin Islands _ 82.1 1 Instructional staff consists of supervisors, principals, teachers, guidance personnel, librarians, psycho¬ logical personnel, and others. 2 Data not available, but funds from county sources known to be small. The base for the percentages in this line is the total of funds from Federal, State, and local sources. 8 Less than 0.05 percent. 4 Pupil transportation program operated for handicapped children only. 5 Represents weighted average of median salaries of total instructional staff in elementary and secondary schools. 6 Computed figures supplied by the State. Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools 2 The Office of Education collects data on public high schools from two sources: (1) the State departments of education in each State (annually); and (2) from individual public secondary schools (usually every 6 years). Data from the former source are published biennially as chapter 2 of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, entitled "Statistics of State School Systems," and in alternate years as a statistical circular (of the same title) which presents less detailed data for each State. Data from the letter source also are published as a chapter of the Biennial Survey, entitled, in the 1950-52 Survey, Chapter 5, "Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52." The data presented in these two chapters are not entirely comparable for the following reasons: 1. Enrollment data in chapter 2 are for the entire school year, while in chapter 5 enrollment data are as of a single date, namely the date when the inquiry -form was completed by the respective respondents. 2. In chapter 2, the term "high -school enrollment" refers to enroll¬ ment in grades 9-12 (and postgraduates). In chapter 5, grades 7 and 8 are included, if these grades are organizationally part of the secondary school (as in a junior or junior-senior high school). 2 U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Educa¬ tion in the United States, 1950-52. Chapter 5, Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Reports from individual high schools are especially valuable for use in presenting data hy type of high school (junior, senior, regular or 4-year, and junior-senior). Chapter 5 of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, "Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52” presents data, based on reports from 23,757 public secondary schools, on number of schools, professional staff members, pupils enrolled, and graduates, by State and by race, according to type of school organization and by size of place. Table 23 shows the development of the reorganized secondary school system (an organization which includes some type of junior high school), and the marked trend away from the traditional 4-year high school (pre¬ ceded by an 8-year elementary school). In 1952, the number of regular (or 4-year) high schools was only 42.8 percent of the total number, as compared with 57.2 percent in 1946, and 74.0 percent in 1930. The number of junior-senior high schools, in contrast, showed marked growth, from 14.8 percent in 1930, to 26.4 percent in 1946, and to 36.2 percent in 1952. The proportion of junior high schools and of senior high schools showed a steady, if less spectacular increase. Enrollment data hy type of secondary school also emphasize the growth of the reorganized school and the decline of the regular high school. In 1952, only 25.2 percent of the 7,688,919 pupils were enrolled in regular high school as compared with 38.5 percent in 1946; 35.5 percent of the total in 1952 were enrolled in junior-senior high schools. It appears that from 1930 to 1952 the proportion of the enrollment in junior high schools became stabilized at 19 to 20 percent of the total, while the proportion in the senior high school rose steadily from 10.4 percent in 1930 to 19.9 in 1952 (table 24). Table 23. — Number and percent af public secondary day schools, by type of school: Continental United States, 1920-52 Type of school 1920 1930 1938 1946 1952 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total1.. Junior . Senior.. . Regular _ Junior-senior.. 14,326 100.0 22,237 100.0 25, 057 100.0 24, 122 100.0 23, 746 100.0 55 22 13, 421 828 .4 .1 93.7 5.8 1,842 648 16, 460 3, 287 8.3 2.9 74.0 14.8 2,372 959 15,523 6,203 9.5 3.8 61.9 24.8 2, 653 1,312 13, 797 6, 360 11.0 5.4 57.2 26.4 3, 227 1,760 10, 168 8,591 13.6 7.4 42.8 36.2 1 Excludes all ungraded schools, as follows: 34 in 1938, 24 in 1946, and 11 in 1952. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 5, Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 31 Table 24. — Number and percent of pupils enrolled in public secondary day schools, by type of school: Continental United States , 7920-52 1920 1930 1938 1946 1952 Type of school Number Per¬ cent Number Per¬ cent Number Per¬ cent Number Per¬ cent Number Per¬ cent 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total1. _ 1, 999, 106 100.0 5,212,179 100.0 7, 423, 573 100.0 6, 840, 799 100.0 7, 688,919 100.9 Junior _ _ 37,331 1.9 1,036,919 19.9 1, 408, 584 19.0 1,274,523 18.6 1, 526, 996 19.8 Senior _ .. . 17,791 .9 543,813 | 10.4 972, 218 13.1 1,148, 632 16.8 1, 528, 006 19.9 Regular _ _ ... . 1,667,480 83.4 2,652,271 , 50.9 3, 230, 708 43.5 2, 632, 021 38.5 1, 937, 210 25.2 Junior-senior _ 276,504 | 13.8 979, 176 1 18.8 1, 812, 063 24.4 1,785,623 26.1 12,696,707 35.1 1 Excludes enrollments in all ungraded schools, as follows: 34.472 in 1938, 20,231 in 1946, and 4,221 in 1952. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 5, Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52 Table 25 presents data to show the rural-urban distribution of the types of high-school organization. The twro types of public secondary schools found most commonlv in rural areas in 1952 were the regular high school and the junior-senior or undivided high school. These two tvpes included more than 2.3 million of the 2.5 million pupils enrolled in schools in rural areas. In the larger cities (10,000 or more population) the junior high school and the senior high school were most commonly found: the former included 81 percent of the total junior high school enrollment, and the latter, 84 percent of the total senior high school enrollment. Table 25. — Number of public secondary day schools, pupils enrolled, classroom teachers , and graduates,1 by type of school , and by size of place: Continental United States, 1951-52 Type of school Total Rural (Under 2,500) Urban I (2,500-9,999) Urban H (10,000 or more) Number Percent j Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Number of schools: All schools.. . 23,757 100.0 I 15, 975 67.3 3,690 15.5 4,092 17.2 Junior _ 3,227 100.0 I 942 29.2 571 17.7 1, 714 53.1 Senior.. . . 1, 760 100.0 207 11.8 460 26.1 1,093 62.1 Regular _ 10, 168 100.0 8,463 83.2 1,091 10.7 614 6.1 Junior-senior _ 8,591 100.0 6, 363 74.1 1, 567 18.2 661 7.7 Ungraded.. _ 11 100.0 1 9.1 10 90.9 Classroom teachers: All schools _ 332, 106 100.0 117, 243 35.3 59. 374 17.9 155, 489 46.8 Junior _ _ 60, 591 100.0 5,761 9.5 5,787 9.6 49,043 80.9 Senior . . ...1 65, 098 100.0 3, 076 4.7 8, 131 12.5 53, 891 82.8 Regular _ _ 91,124 100.0 48, 155 52.8 15, 822 17.4 27, 147 29.8 Junior-senior _ • 115, 091 100.0 60,251 52.4 29, 624 25.7 25, 216 21.9 Ungraded.. . 202 100.0 10 5.0 192 95.0 Pupils enrolled: All schools _ 7,693,140 100.0 2, 517, 088 32.7 1,385, 448 18.0 3, 790, 604 49.3 Junior _ _ _ 1,526,996 100.0 i ! 144, 651 9. 5 149, 671 9.8 1, 232, 674 80.7 Senior . . . 1,528,006 100.0 67.895 4.4 175, 185 11.5 1, 284, 926 84.1 Regular _ _ 1,937,210 100.0 I 1 937, 339 48.4 353,738 18.3 646, 133 33.3 Junior-senior-.. __ 2,696,707 100.0 I 1, 367,203 50.7 706, 676 26.2 622. 828 23.1 Ungraded _ 4,221 100.0 178 42 4, 043 95.8 Graduates:1 All schools _ 2 1,045, 633 100.0 2 344, 144 32.9 189, 217 18.1 512, 272 49.0 Junior. _ _ _ Senior . . . 366,693 ioo.o ! 15,544 4.2 38,687 10.6 312, 462 85.2 Regular _ 354 386 100.0 170 635 48. 2 62, 791 17.7 120, 960 34. 1 Junior-senior. . 324’ 232 100.0 1 157^ 688 48.6 87, 739 27.1 78,805 24.3 Ungraded. _ _ 45 100.0 1 45 100.0 1 1 Graduates are for the school year 1950-51. 3 Includes 277 graduates from schools which were changed to junior high schools in 1951-52. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 5, Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Federally Aided Vocational Education Enrollments in federally aided vocational classes of less-than-college grade, in the fields of agriculture, distributive occupations, home eco¬ nomics, and trades and industry, numbered 3.2 million pupils in 1951-52 (tables 26 and 27). Federal allotments for these classes, provided by the Smith-Hughes and the George-Barden Acts, amounted to $26 million; in addition. State and local funds amounted to $121 million (table 28). The Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education to the Office of Education, Division of Vocational Education, fiscal year ended June 30, 1952 (U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education) presents detailed enrollment and financial data by State and by field of study, for these vocational classes. Table 26. — Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program: Continental United States, 1932-33 to 1951-52 Year Total Type of program Agriculture Distributive occupations Home economics Trades and industry > 3 4 5 6 1932-33 _ 1,034,110 264, 131 280, 079 489,900 1933-34 _ _ _ 1,051,000 j 286, 150 297, 851 466, 999 1934-35 _ __ 1, 178, 896 325, 685 349, 346 503, 865 1935-36 1, 255, 861 343, 809 374, 901 537, 151 1936-37.. _ _ _ 1, 344, 728 386, 302 377, 436 580,990 1937-38 _ _ 1, 810, 082 460, 876 36, 008 627, 394 685, 804 1938-39 _ _ _ 2, 083, 757 538, 586 88, 429 741, .503 715, 239 1939-40 _ _ 2, 290, 741 584, 133 129, 433 818, 766 758,409 1940-41 _ _ _ 2, 429, 054 596, 033 156, 615 871, 891 804, 515 1941-42... _ _ 2, 624, 786 605, 099 215, 049 954, 041 850, 597 1942-43.... _ _ 2, 281, 743 491, 967 297, 534 873, 771 618, 471 1943-44 _ _ _ 2, 001, 153 469, 959 181, 509 806, 605 543, 080 1944-45. . . . . . 2, 012, 931 446, 953 152, 781 890, 464 522, 733 1945-46 . . . . . 2, 227, 663 510, 331 174, 672 911,816 630, 844 1946-47. . . . . 2, 508, 618 584,533 235, 141 968, 846 720, 098 1947-48. . . . 2, 836, 121 640, 791 292, 936 1, 139, 766 762, 628 1948-49. . . . . 3, 095, 513 651, 604 313, 475 1, 328, 521 801,913 1949-50- . . . . 3, 364, 613 764, 975 364, 670 1, 430, 366 804, 602 1950-51. . . 3, 363, 412 771, 028 341, 440 1, 458, 605 792, 339 1951-52. . . 3, 165, 988 746, 402 234, 984 1, 391, 389 793, 213 Table 27. — Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of class and type of program: Continental United States, 1951-52 Type of school Total Agriculture Distribu¬ tive occupations Home economics Trade and industry 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total . . 3, 165,988 746,402 234,984 1,391,389 793, 213 Evening . 1, 325, 905 474, 731 1, 360, 798 4, 554 271, 160 48, 460 422, 282 4, 500 148, 268 86, 716 578,999 80, 577 731, 759 54 327, 478 258, 978 206, 757 Part-time _ _ All-day . . . . Day-unit . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 33 Table 28. — Expenditure of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education: Continental United States, 1932-33 to 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] Expenditure Expenditure Year Total From Federal funds From State and local funds Year Total From Federal funds From State and local funds i 2 3 4 * 2 3 4 1 932-33 30, 127 28, 188 29,290 7,728 22, 399 1942-43 .. 63,488 64,299 65,642 72, 807 20, 307 43, 182 44, 341 45, 637 52, 179 62, 165 77, 139 88, 722 102, 094 1933-34 6, 951 21, 237 19, 918 23, 679 26, 386 27,257 1943—44 _ _ 19, 958 1934-35 9, 372 9,749 1944-45. . . . 20, 005 20,628 21, 087 26,200 26, 409 26,623 26, 685 25, 863 1935-36 33,428 1945-46- - . 1936-37 36, 399 44, 995 10, 014 17, 737 1946-47. . 83, 252 103, 339 1937-38 _ 1947-48- . 1938-39. . . . 52,668 19, 435 20,004 33, 234 1948-49 . . 115, 131 1939-40 . . 55, 081 57, 705 59, 023 35, 077 37, 159 1949-50 _ 128, 717 137, 354 146, 466 1940-41 . _ 20, 547 20, 758 1950-51 _ 110, 669 1941-42 _ 38, 265 1951-52 . 120, 603 Statistics of City School Systems 3 The Office of Education, as a chapter of its Biennial Survey of Educa¬ tion, collects and publishes data on city school systems. A city school system is one which is operated by a school district located in a munici¬ pality of 2,500 population or more. In a few instances there are 2 or more school systems within a city. Not all cities, however, maintain separately organized school systems, since some are administered as a part of a larger unit, such as a county, and are not included in the chapter on statistics of city school systems. Because of the substantial increase in the number of city school systems, it was no longer feasible to collect data directly from all the medium - sized and small city school systems. Instead, a partial sampling tech¬ nique was employed by which all city systems of Groups I and II (popu¬ lation 25,000 or more) in each State were included, and, in general, only half of the cities of Groups III, IV, and Y (population 2,500 to 24,999) — except that in no State was the number of city school systems in any group allowed to fall below 10 (unless, of course, there were actually fewer than 10 such cities in the State). The results from the sample were then expanded, by city -size group and by State, to obtain totals for all city school systems. Table 29 presents a comparative summary of data for city school sys¬ tems, by city -size group for: number of systems; number of staff members, by type; enrollment, by level; aggregate and average daily attendance; and certain derived data. Table 30 presents financial data: receipts and expenditures; data on debt service; and value of school property. 3 U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Edu¬ cation in the United States, 1950-52. Chapter 3, Statistics of City School Systems, 1951-52. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 29. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: Continental United States, 1951-52 City-size groups: Based on U. S. Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 popula¬ tion and more Group II 25,000 to 99,999 popula¬ tion Group III 10,000 to 24,999 popula¬ tion Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 popula¬ tion Group V 2,500 to 4,999 popula¬ tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total population (1950 Census)... 83, 263, 819 43, 283, 059 16, 463, 105 11, 718, 429 7, 035, 692 4, 763, 534 Number of school systems ‘ . . 3, 800 100 387 819 1, 076 1,418 Personnel and attendance— Full-time Public Day Schools Stalf (number of positions): Administrative . . . . 6, 074 1,308 943 1, 199 1, 252 1,372 Instructional . . . 534, 280 206, 897 113, 610 92, 198 68, 970 52, 605 Supervisors . . 6,363 2,109 2,107 1,366 516 265 Principals _ 22, 781 8,580 196, 208 4,790 4, 070 2,902 2,439 Teachers and others 2 _ 505, 136 106, 713 86, 762 65, 552 49, 901 Kindergarten (in¬ cluding nursery schools) : Women 2 . . 17, 878 8, 519 3,743 8 2, 730 1,652 1,234 Elementary: 4 Men... . 28, 672 10, 890 5, 420 4, 795 4,068 3,499 Women _ 252, 149 98, 118 53, 722 43, 095 32, 748 24, 466 Secondary: 5 Men _ 91, 462 32, 915 18. 833 16, 878 12,826 10, 010 Women _ .. 110, 662 43, 118 23, 985 18, 907 14, 091 10, 561 City universities, col¬ leges, and normal schools: 8 Men . 2, 809 1,769 636 242 70 92 Women . . 1,504 879 374 115 97 39 Clerical . . . 38, 778 20, 028 9, 250 4, 216 2, 665 2,619 Administrative. . 17, 078 8,534 4, 042 1,822 1, 228 1,452 Instructional . 21, 700 11,494 5,208 2,394 1,437 1, 167 Enrollment - - - - 14, 413, 619 5, 931, 376 2, 894, 630 2, 418, 759 1, 749, 216 1,419,638 Kindergarten (including nur¬ sery schools) _ 1, 061, 487 565, 815 201, 945 145, 551 85, 712 62,464 Elementary4 . . 8, 483, 907 3, 336, 897 1, 728, 672 1, 446, 120 820, 460 1, 079, 266 892, 952 Secondary 8 - - - - 4, 722, 095 1, 916, 234 940, 819 582, 489 462, 093 City universities, colleges, and normal schools 8 . 146, 130 112, 430 23, 194 6,628 1,749 2,129 Average daily attendance . 12, 307, 942 4, 941, 035 2, 515, 792 2, 111,884 1, 520, 334 1, 218, 897 Aggregate days attended - 2, 219, 798, 489 902, 440, 314 452, 728, 608 375, 915, 352 271, 531, 652 217, 182, 563 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher _ 24.4 25.2 23.6 24.3 23.2 24.4 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher.. . . 28.5 30.2 27.1 27.9 26.7 28.4 Percent of pupils enrolled in av¬ erage daily attendance. . . 85.4 83.3 86.9 87.3 86.9 85.9 Average length of school year in 178 actual number of days taught. . 180 183 180 178 179 Average number of days attended 153 per pupil enrolled . 154 152 156 155 155 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 Table 29. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: Continental United States, 1951-52 — Continued City-size groups: Based on U. S. Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 popula¬ tion and more Group II 25,000 to 99,999 popula¬ tion Group III 10,000 to 24,999 popula¬ tion Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 popula¬ tion Group V 2,500 to 4,999 popula¬ tion * 2 3 4 5 6 7 Adult ""E ducation ^Part-time Continuation, Evening, and Adult Schools Number of school systems . 947 85 210 258 183 211 Number of supervisors, princi¬ pals, and teaching positions... . 30, 647 16, 622 6,561 243, 082 4, 223 1,704 1, 537 Enrollment . . . 1, 440, 973 938, 557 167, 040 50, 666 41, 628 Summer Schools Number of school systems.. . 265 52 104 79 22 8 Number of supervisors, princi¬ pals, and teaching positions _ Enrollment . . . 8,332 5,769 1, 719 716 84 44 326, 906 224, 115 79, 665 18, 682 3,363 1,081 1 The independent city school district is an independent governmental unit not to be confused with the unit of government for the municipality. Not all cities have independent school systems: some are adminis¬ tered as a part of a larger administrative unit, such as the county. The boundaries of an independent city school district may or may not be coterminous with those of the municipality. In some instances a munici¬ pality may contain two independent school district systems. 2 “Other” instructional staff includes librarians, psychologists, guidance and placement officers, test and measurement officers, study-hall teachers, visiting teachers, etc. 2 Includes 2 men. 4 Includes data for those elementary schools that are part of a reorganized school system, and are, there¬ fore, followed by junior, junior-senior, or undivided 5- and 6-year high schools; and for elementary schools in systems organized on the traditional 7-4 or 8-4 plan. 8 Includes all types of public high schools: junior, senior, junior-senior, undivided 5- and 6-year, regular, vocational, and trade high schools. 8 Includes only those universities, colleges, and normal schools which are controlled by the board of edu¬ cation which controls elementary and secondary schools. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 3, Statistics of City School Systems, 1951-52. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 30. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: Continental United States, 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] City-size groups: Based on U. S. Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 25,000 to 99,999 popula¬ tion Group III 10,000 to 24,999 popula¬ tion Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 popula¬ tion Group V 2,500 to 4,999 popu- tion 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 Receipts and balances _ $5, 199, 979 $2,174,960 $1, 102,208 $900, 834 $580, 726 $441,251 Revenue receipts . . . . 3, 733, 295 1, 650, 664 769, 885 590, 267 402, 274 320, 205 Federal Government: Veterans’ education . 14, 091 4, 427 2, 022 2, 348 2,424 2,870 Other purposes... - - - 43, 253 11,082 13, 636 9, 666 4, 860 4, 009 State _ _ - 989, 070 347, 553 199, 205 181, 254 138, 706 122, 352 County (taxes and appropriations) _ . 324, 724 140, 346 999, 329 64, 719 54, 160 34, 815 30, 684 Local taxation _ _ 1, 934, 338 386, 727 261, 801 165, 601 120, 980 Separate tax levy by district, city, or county for debt service _ 161, 893 61, 309 35,286 32, 151 21, 190 11, 957 Appropriations from local civic divisions..- . . . . 120, 952 56, 459 36, 269 15, 413 7, 482 5, 329 Other _ 144, 974 30, 159 32, 021 33, 474 27, 296 22, 024 Nonrevenue receipts . . . . 544, 144 177, 927 119, 901 131, 550 65, 156 49, 610 Balance from previous year for: Current operations . . . .. 347, 349 97, 937 93, 413 69, 746 47, 548 38, 705 Building reserve _ _ 500, 564 223, 940 99, 119 95, 516 55, 446 26, 543 Serial bond interest and redemption . 74, 627 24, 492 19, 890 13, 755 10, 302 6,188 Expenditures Full-Time Public Day Schools Current . . . . . . 3, 150, 780 1, 393, 528 649,631 495, 305 342, 694 269, 622 Administration _ 111, 783 44, 658 19, 978 18, 732 15, 687 12, 728 Business. . . . . . 62, 968 22, 554 11,075 8, 677 6, 180 4, 482 Educational . . - . - . 58, 815 22, 104 8, 903 10, 055 9, 507 8, 246 Instruction . . . . . . 2, 265, 748 1, 003, 496 475, 195 359, 080 242, 359 185, 618 Salaries: Supervisors . . . 33, 409 13, 052 54, 305 10, 687 6,282 2,205 1,183 Principals.. . . 124, 153 25, 934 19, 684 13, 254 10, 976 Teachers and others 1 . 1, 939, 295 861, 871 401, 811 305, 235 209, 721 160, 657 Clerks _ 52, 058 31, 523 10, 714 5, 845 2, 818 1,158 Textbooks . _ _ 23, 293 8, 757 4, 748 4,207 3, 345 2,236 Other (supplies, school libraries, etc.) - - - - - 93, 540 33, 988 21, 301 17, 827 11, 016 9,408 Average salary of teachers (dol¬ lars) . . . . . 3, 839 4, 393 3, 765 3, 518 3,199 3, 220 Operation of school plant (janitors’ wages, fuel, light, etc.) - - ... 324, 653 140, 230 70, 516 52, 386 34, 552 26, 969 Maintenance of school plant (re¬ pairs and replacements) . . 151,911 70, 324 33, 077 21, 438 14, 980 12, 092 Auxiliary school services. . . . . 135, 413 42, 978 25, 471 24, 566 21, 263 21, 135 Promotion of health. . 33, 694 14, 960 7, 492 5, 250 3,544 2, 448 School-lunch program _ _ 29, 671 6, 358 7,812 6, 540 4,591 4, 370 Transportation... . . . 43, 597 9, 038 5, 263 8, 444 9, 343 11,509 Others (extracurricular, etc.) _ 28, 451 12, 622 4, 904 4, 332 3,785 2, 808 Community educational services 2... 13, 242 7,934 2,210 1,392 737 969 Fixed charges.. . . . 148, 030 83, 908 23, 184 17, 711 13,116 10, 111 Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full¬ time public day schools (dollars) 3. . 253. 09 279. 15 254. 97 231. 60 220. 70 218. 74 1 “Other” instructional staff includes librarians, psychologists, guidance and placement officers, study hall teachers, visiting teachers, etc. 2 Disbursements made by local board of education for various activities not allocated to pupil costs: e.g., public libraries not devoted solely to school use; public recreation; and services to nonpublic schools. 3 Does not include community educational services (see footnote 2) . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 37 Table 30. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: Continental United States , 1951-52 — Continued [Thousands of dollars] City-size groups: Based on U. S. Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 25,000 to 99,999 popula¬ tion Group III 10,000 to 24,999 popula¬ tion Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 popula¬ tion Group V 2,500 to 4,999 popula¬ tion ■ a 3 4 5 6 7 Adult Education: Part-Time, Con- TINUATION, EVENINO AND ADULT Schools Total instruction and other ex- pense . . -- - $38, 951 $23, 994 $6, 135 $4, 250 $2, 518 $2, 054 Instruction. . . . . . 34, 476 20, 784 5, 350 3,941 2, 429 1,972 All other _ _ _ 4, 475 3, 210 785 309 89 82 Per pupil enrolled (dollars). . . . 27.03 25.56 25.24 25.44 49. 70 49. 34 Summer Schools Total instruction and other ex- pense . . . — _ 5, 610 3, 620 1,553 356 69 12 Instruction . . . . . . 4, 820 3, 256 1, 166 328 59 11 All other _ _ _ .. . .. 790 364 387 28 10 1 Per pupil enrolled (dollars) . . 17.16 16.15 19. 50 19.06 20. 52 11. 10 All City School Systems Capital outlay . . . . . 644, 219 213, 518 161, 174 137, 413 84, 976 47,138 Sites, new buildings, additions and im¬ provements . . . . . 571, 947 195, 853 144, 193 120, 067 73, 589 38, 245 N ew equipment . . . . 72, 272 17, 665 16, 981 17, 346 11,387 8, 893 Debt service _ _ _ 342. 760 166, 773 v 67, 871 51, 182 34, 589 22, 345 From current funds _ .. 318, 474 154,009 62, 671 48,382 32, 020 21, 392 For redemption of short-term loans.. . . ... _ 78,881 60, 054 7,966 5, 363 3,249 1,749 For redemption of school bonds. 149, 043 55, 873 35, 636 28, 022 17, 650 11,862 For interest on indebtedness _ 67, 746 31, 120 12, 851 10, 470 7, 992 5, 313 For payments into school sink¬ ing funds . . . . 18, 131 6,628 334 4, 720 3, 264 2,091 1,428 All other items of debt service... 5, 173 1,498 1,263 1,038 1,040 From new bonds: For redemption of school bonds .. 3, 575 1,059 390 128 1,932 66 From sinking funds . . . . 20, 711 11, 705 4,810 2, 672 637 887 For redemption of school bonds.. 16,788 10, 135 3, 615 2,010 430 598 For interest on indebtedness _ 3. 923 1, 570 1. 195 662 207 289 Grand total (current expenditures; capital outlay; and debt service from current funds)... _ . 4,158,034 1,788,669 881, 164 685, 706 462,277 340,218 Balances carried to following year. . . ... 1, 041, 945 386, 291 221, 044 215, 128 118, 449 101, 033 For current operations _ 411,347 115, 853 98, 319 85, 712 52, 598 58, 865 For building reserves _ . _ 536, 681 239, 385 97, 119 111,975 53, 617 34, 585 For serial bond interest and redemp¬ tion.. . . . . 93, 917 31, 053 25, 606 17, 441 12, 234 7. 583 Bonds and sinking funds School bonds outstanding at close of school year. . ... _ _ 3, 594, 290 1,977,959 709, 608 336, 290 346, 265 224, 168 Other forms of school debt at close of school year _ _ 57, 982 12, 257 19, 345 7, 360 9,739 9, 281 Total amount in sinking fund at close of school year _ 57,098 27, 030 12, 555 5,346 8,735 3, 432 Total amount in interest and bond ac- account at close of school year _ 93, 917 31, 053 25,606 17, 441 12, 234 7,583 Value of school property Total value (cost) _ _ . 9, 691, 187 3, 918, 403 2, 142, 634 1, 797, 070 1, 057, 981 775, 099 Per pupil in average daily attendance... 787 793 852 851 696 636 Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 3, Statistics of City School Systems, 1951-52. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Expenditures Per Pupil in City School Systems The Office of Education publishes data on current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems biennially in the "Biennial Survey” chapter, and annually, in more detail, in a series of circulars entitled "Current expenditures per pupil in city school systems.” Table 31, which contains data from the former source, shows trends over a 10-year period, by city-size group, in stable dollars (ad¬ justed to 1951-52 purchasing power), as well as in current (unadjusted) dollars; and, for comparative purposes, data on per capita disposable income in the United States. Table 32 contains data, from the latter source, on per pupil expenditure ranges and medians, by city -size group and by region for 1951-52. This table shows wide variation in current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance. Marked differences within a given size-category may be illustrated by the fact that both the low per-pupil expenditure of $97, and the high of $450 fall within the small -city category (2,500 to 9,999 population). Region of the country, however, is usually more important than size of city in determining expenditure per pupil. Even in the large cities (100,000 population Table 31. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full¬ time day schools in city systems , by population group: Continental United States, 1941-42 to 1951-52 [With comparative data on per capita disposable income in the United States] Item 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1951-52 Increase from 1941-42 to 1951-52 Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 EXPRESSED IN DOLLARS OF SAME PURCHASING POWER AS IN 1951-52 2 All groups combined . . $197. 23 $198. 78 $216.95 $224. 40 $248. 56 $256. 00 $58. 77 29.8 Group I _ _ 231. 89 232. 24 250. 89 248. 44 274. 80 282. 03 50. 14 21.6 Group II . 191. 70 197. 96 220. 06 232. 46 254. 73 258. 22 66. 52 34.7 Group III . 168. 69 170. 00 191. 46 204. 20 227. 85 234. 53 65. 84 39.0 Group IV . 151.34 155. 74 178. 74 189. 20 215. 66 225. 41 74. 07 48.9 Group V (9 (9 (9 186. 03 213. 89 221. 20 Per capita disposable income in the United States . 1, 289. 00 1, 505. 47 1, 339. 43 1, 369. 03 1,420.80 1,472.00 183. 00 14.2 EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF UNADJUSTED DOLLARS All groups combined . $116. 90 $131. 64 $150. 47 $198. 99 $223. 93 $256. 00 $139. 10 119.0 Group I . 137. 44 153. 80 174. 01 220. 31 247. 57 282. 03 144. 59 105.2 Group II . 113. 62 131. 10 152. 63 206. 14 229. 49 258. 22 144. 60 127.3 Group III . 99.98 112. 58 132. 79 181. 08 205. 27 234. 53 134. 55 134.6 Group IV . . 89.70 103. 14 123. 97 167. 78 194. 29 225. 41 135. 71 151.3 Group V 0) (9 (9 164. 96 192. 69 221. 20 Per capita disposable income in the United States 3 _ 764. 00 997. 00 929. 00 1, 214. 00 1, 280. 00 1, 472. 00 708. 00 92.7 1 Groups IV and V combined. 2 The adjustment to dollars with same purchasing power as in 1951-52 was made by use of the Consumers' Price Index. (The monthly Consumers' Price Index figures needed for the calculation were obtained from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, February 1953 issue.) 3 Office of Business Economics, U. S. Department of Commerce, National Income, 1954 Edition. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 3, Statistics of City School Systems, 1951-52. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 39 and more), the median of $305 in the Northeast is more than $100 greater than the median in the South ($198). In the moderately large cities (25,000 to 99,999 population), the difference is even more marked: a median of $310 for the Northeast, as compared with $161 for the South. Table 32. — Average annual current expenditure and range of expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 299 city school systems, by region, and by city-size group : 1951-52 Region Expenditure, by region, and by city-size group Northeast 1 North Central 2 South 3 West 4 < 2 3 5 5 Group I cities (100,000 population and more) : Number of cities _ 18 22 21 13 Expenditure: High _ $371 305 $341 260 $325 198 $354 278 Median _ Low _ 222 163 127 172 Group II cities (25,000 to 99,999 population) : Number of cities _ _ _ 24 25 19 17 Expenditure: High _ $389 310 $355 $252 161 $309 215 Median _ 255 Low _ _ _ _ 190 181 113 162 Group III cities (10,000 to 24,999 population) : Number of cities _ _ _ 28 18 13 14 Expenditure: High _ _ _ . $366 $392 220 $275 $327 240 Median _ _ 267 155 Low . . . . 198 183 112 176 Group IV cities (2,500 to 9,999 population): Nnmhfir nf cities ________ _ _ . 12 17 20 18 Expenditure: High . $450 247 $276 223 $281 165 $312 Median _ _ _ _ _ 235 Low _ 201 179 97 158 1 Northeast region States: New England group; New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. 2 North Central region States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and Wisconsin. 2 South region States: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missis¬ sippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and District of Columbia. 4 West region States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Circular No. 371, Current Expenditures per pupil in City School Systems, 1951-52. HIGHER EDUCATION General trends Table 33 presents in concise form a picture of the growth of institutions of higher education from 1889-90 to 1951-52 in number of staff members, in enrollments, in degrees conferred; and concurrently, in amount of income and expenditures, and in value of property and endowment funds. The great increase in enrollments in institutions of higher educa¬ tion may be illustrated by the percent of persons of college age (con¬ ventionally considered 18-21) enrolled in college (table 34). In 1869-70, only 1.68 percent were enrolled. By the turn of the century, this percent had reached 4; at the close of World War I (1919-20), it was 8; and at Table 33.— Historical summary of higher education: Continental United States, 1889-90 to 1951-52 (faculty, enrollment, degrees conferred, and _ _ _ _ finances) 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 53 II 8 co ^ to CM o to co CO CM CTrH 05 CO CO 05 CO 05 PC I - 00 L- 05 CM ^ 05 t- rH of CO O CO »o »o CM 05 r-H lO GO O 05 O OOCM II »h £§ I a? CO *0 28 fc tO 05 CO 05" 88 CM 05 00 to 00 CO X' CM 05" 05" 05 r. tO 05 r-H CO co 00 g?$£ to co CM CO CM to CO o"co 52 05 CO a © o si a © o a a © o 00 CM 05 05 o' H tO C5 CM CM »0 CC 005N05 CM t-TcOCM to ^ O CO Tf Tf 05 CM 00 ^ to CO CO co cm" 05 CO CO to H ^ 05 CO CO CO CM CM CO CO CM 05" CO CM to CO CCONN cm to co tOtONN m- „ - to CO to CO 8888 CO to of GO t''* CM r-H CO 05 to ~ 05 CO rH CM CO b- 05^C0O CMwrfoT co CM rH to CO co O to CO coC/dw CO CM rfi CO M^CM •2 fe*? ia§ . gS ® CM ^ Jh £t? ©»o cgi«2 HH tO OS'g-g OJ'Cl 05 <3 <2 a « - 3*38 ;£8gd> Sip §ss* mi S”8i| T3 © T) WSH“fl „ 0 oj 5^ O m ■a si § ,®5 S3 5a”J o r, fl a 3 H) ^ ■§sl §2”f s» a?»s -ail o a a's a _3£ h®°5 5«3 KaStS "*“3 TII n hh •■— < o Aq| §g|® e - oo CQ .2 C? 'S OT & a ° r Q „ a © o H bo $d> a ©S o &2J3 l* © © _ T3 o , c3 c« 2 & o o ® c a a=a X3T3 03 a .P j- a •I .1* ’Sas^‘1 tslssi s - *5% « 8 £§£££ ^*§1 o« •2^ rt „ "a S“£«mS So a 03 t- 3 3 “ 3 •a >,i9 ® S’S.q *2 ^feQP5wao£ - fe- a £ a £ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 41 Table 34. — Total population , population aged 18-21, and resident student enrollment in higher education: Continental United States, 1869-70 to 1951-52 Population 1 Student enrollment in higher education 3 Year Per 100 persons Total Ages 18-21 Number Total popula¬ tion Ages 18-21 1 2 3 4 5 6 1869-70 . . . . 38, 558, 371 3, 115, 555 52,286 0. 14 1.68 1879-80 . . — . . . 50, 155, 783 4, 253, 027 115, 817 .23 2. 72 1889-90. . . . . 62, 622, 250 5, 160, 067 156, 756 .25 3.04 1899-1900 . . . - 75, 994, 575 5, 930, 765 237, 592 355, 213 .31 4. 01 1909-10 . . . . . - 91, 972, 266 7, 335, 453 .38 4. 84 1919-20 . . — . . 105, 710, 620 7, 343, 794 597, 880 .57 8.14 1929-30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123, 076, 685 9, 033, 000 1, 100, 737 .89 12. 19 1939-40 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 131, 669, 275 134, 407, 385 9, 753, 537 1, 494, 203 1, 403, 990 1. 13 15. 32 1941-42 . . — - - - 9, 853, 000 1.04 14. 25 1943-44 . . . . . . . 138, 083, 449 9, 776, 000 1, 155, 272 .84 11.82 1945-46. . . . . 143, 414, 000 9, 537, 000 1, 676, 851 4 1, 214, 772 2, 616, 262 4 1, 360, 456 1.17 (3) 12. 74 1947-48 . . . . . 146, 114, 000 9, 273, 000 1.79 (*) 14. 67 1949-50 - - - 150, 697, 361 8, 805, 020 2, 659, 021 4 1, 730, 023 1. 76 (3) 19. 65 1951-52 _ _ 156, 981, 000 8, 567, 000 2, 301, 884 4 1, 878, 268 1.47 (3) 21.92 i Data drawn or estimated from reports of U. S. Bureau of the Census; Armed Forces overseas included. 3 Resident college students, regular session only; September to June; correspondence, extension, and off- campus students excluded. 3 Not calculated. * Nonveteran students only, estimated. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section I, Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52. the midcentury, it was 20 (not including World War II veterans, many of whom were older than the traditional college age). During the year 1951-52, again excluding veterans, 22 percent of the persons of college age were attending college. Staff During the academic year 1951-52, there were 198,447 faculty members (full-time equivalent) on the staffs of institutions of higher education. The percentage of women continued to decline from the wartime peak of 31.0 in 1945-46, to 27.0 in 1947-48, to 25.0 in 1949-50, and to 24.4 in 1951-52. Students Institutions of higher education enrolled 2,301,884 students in the regular session of 1951-52, 50.2 percent in publicly controlled, and 49.8 in privately controlled institutions (table 35). This enrollment was somewhat less than the 2,659,021 students enrolled in 1949-50, due to the tapering off of the educational programs in the Veterans Adminis- 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 tration. In the fall of 1951 there were 386,825 veteran students enrolled, less than half the number enrolled 2 years earlier. Table 36 gives resident college enrollment in 1951-52, by control and by type of institution. Schools of arts and sciences enrolled a total of 1.3 million students at all levels — undergraduate, graduate, and special; and professional schools enrolled a total of slightly more than a million students. At the undergraduate level, the professional schools of education, commerce, and engineering led with enrollments of 210,929, 163,839, and 145,170, respectively. More than half (118,015) of the 233,327 graduate students were enrolled in professional schools, with the schools of education, engineering, and commerce (in that order) enrolling the greatest number of students (table 37). In addition to the 2,301,884 resident college students, there were 1,965,564 other students of college grade enrolled, as follows: 843,923 in extension and correspondence courses; 880,752 in summer sessions (table 38); 192,262 in short courses; and 48,627 students receiving individual instruction. Table 35. — Faculty , students, and degrees in institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1951-52 Item Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Number of institutions. . . . . 1,832 641 1,191 Faculty: Total, different individuals _ . 244, 488 123, 832 120, 656 Men _ _ _ _ _ _ 187, 136 57, 352 93, 135 30, 697 94, 001 26, 655 Women _ _ _ _ Full-time equivalent . . . . . . . . 198, 477 106, 217 92, 260 Men _ _ _ _ _ . 150, 041 48, 436 79, 439 26, 778 70, 602 21, 658 Women _ _ Resident Colleoe Enrollments: Regular session (September-June) . . . 2, 301, 884 1, 155, 557 1, 146, 327 Men . . . . ... ... _ _ 1, 510, 650 791, 234 737, 980 417, 577 772, 670 373, 657 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ 3d week of fall term _ _ _ _ _ 2, 101, 962 1,037,938 1, 064, 024 Men _ _ _ _ 1, 390, 740 711, 222 667, 094 370, 844 723, 646 340, 378 Women . . . . . . Veterans of World War II _ _ _ _ _ 386,825 157, 445 229, 380 Men _ _ 375, 974 10, 851 153. 193 4, 252 222, 781 6, 599 Women _ _ _ _ _ 1st time in any college _ _ _ _ _ 529, 950 299, 725 230, 225 Men _ _ _ _ _ 319, 126 210, 824 179, 985 119, 740 139, 141 91, 084 Women _ _ _ _ _ Undergraduate _ _ _ _ 1, 877, 907 967, 814 910, 093 Men . . . . . . . . . . 1, 225, 890 652, 017 614, 035 353, 779 611, 855 298, 238 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Graduate _ _ _ 233, 327 106, 041 127,286 Men . . . . . . . 171, 363 61, 964 77, 166 28,875 94, 197 33, 089 Women . . . . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 43 Table 35. — Faculty , students, and degrees in institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1951-52 — Continued Item Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled > 2 3 4 Resident College Enrollments— Continued 191, 693 82, 571 109, 122 Men . . __ . 113, 979 77, 714 47,246 35, 325 66, 733 42, 389 Women . . _ . . Summer sessions, 1951 _ _ _ 880, 752 498, 568 382, 184 Men _ _ _ _ _ ... 528, 239 352, 513 291, 663 206, 905 236, 576 145, 608 Women _ _ _ Other Enrollments: Resident noncollegiate . . . . . . . 76,233 47, 908 28, 325 Men and boys _ . 41, 458 34, 775 23, 536 24, 372 17, 922 10, 403 Women and girls... . . . Nonresident (correspondence, extension) _ 843, 923 689,839 154, 084 Men _ _ _ 465, 793 378, 130 364, 160 325, 679 101, 633 52, 451 Women _ Short courses _ _ 192, 262 150, 109 42,153 Men _ _ _ _ _ 130, 411 61,851 98, 720 51, 389 31, 691 10, 462 Women _ Individual instruction _ . 48, 627 15, 776 32,851 Men and boys _ _ _ _ _ 22, 620 26, 007 9, 655 6, 121 12, 965 19, 886 Women and girls . . Earned Degrees Conferred: Bachelor’s or 1st professional _ 329, 986 162,075 167, 911 Men . . . . . . . . 225, 981 104, 005 106, 171 55,904 119, 810 48, 101 Women _ _ _ Master’s or 2d professional _ _ _ _ 63,534 31, 474 32,060 Men _ 43, 557 19, 977 21,833 9, 641 21, 724 10, 336 Women _ _ _ _ Doctor’s . . . . 7,683 3,469 4, 214 Men _ _ _ 6,969 714 3, 195 274 3, 774 440 Women _ _ _ Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section I, Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52. Table 36. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control and by type of institution: Continental United States, 1951-52 Item All institu¬ tions Publicly controlled Privately controlled i 2 3 4 Total . 2, 301, 884 1, 155, 557 1, 146, 327 Universities _ 1, 108, 717 568, 968 189, 841 104, 649 29, 599 68, 935 231, 175 588,738 146, 505 177, 798 53, 300 519, 979 422, 463 12, 043 51, 349 29, 599 63, 773 47, 121 Liberal arts colleges _ Teachers colleges _ Technological schools _ _ _ Theological schools _ Other professional schools _ _ _ 5,162 184, 054 Junior colleges _ Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section I, Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52. Resident college enrollment, regular session 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 45 Table 38. — Enrollment in summer session and extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education: Continental United States, 1919-20 to 1951-52 Year Enrollment Year Enrollment Summer session 1 Extension and corre¬ spondence work 2 Summer session 1 Extension and corre¬ spondence work 2 1 8 3 1 % 3 1919-20 . 132,489 220,311 278, 125 340, 461 382, 776 388, 755 414, 260 303,754 370, 026 101,662 155, 163 194, 147 324, 819 360, 246 354, 133 440,186 253, 991 297, 921 1937-38 . . . 429, 864 456, 679 426, 849 479,326 515, 602 955, 429 943, 021 880,752 371, 173 362, 381 362.387 343, 338 535, 957' 759, 909 848, 695 843, 923 1921-22. . . 1939-40 _ 1923-24 . 1941-42. . 1925-26 . . . 1943-44 _ _ 1927-28. . 1945-46 . . . 1929-30 . 1947-48... . 1931-32 . . 1949-50. . 1933-34 . . 1951-52 . . . 1935-36. . . . 1 For odd years. * Includes collegiate and noncollegiate. Soubce: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section I, Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52. Degrees Institutions of higher education conferred more than 400,000 degrees during the academic year 1951-52: 329,986 bachelor’s or first professional (32 percent to women); 63,534 master’s or second professional (31 percent to women); and 9,683 doctor’s (10 percent to women). Table 39 presents data on the number of degrees conferred, by level, by field of study, and by sex. Engineering Enrollments and Degrees In the fall of 1952, 193 schools of engineering enrolled a total of 156,080 undergraduate students. Four engineering curricula enrolled 63 percent of the students: mechanical, 32,903; electrical, 29,427; civil, 22,485; and chemical, 13,099. During the academic year 1951-52, 30,286 first engineering degrees were conferred. This number comprised about 9 percent of all first degree conferrals in institutions of higher education (table 40). There were 17,296 students enrolled in work for the master’s or second professional degree, and 2,930, for the doctor’s degree; and degrees conferred numbered 4,014 at the master’s or second professional level, and 586 at the doctor’s. Detailed data on graduate engineering students and degrees may be found in Office of Education Circular No. 364. Table 39. — Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education in continental United States and outlying parts, by level of degree, sex of recipient, and field of study: 1951-52 1 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Doctor’s Women CO © i • © rH © co oo » i ico i ir^eo rH 1 IHCO rH CM IHH 05 IN* rH III 1 1 ^ CO • 1 1 rH rH 1 l 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 l 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll l 1 l 1 1 1 CO © rH © C* © CN • 00 rH 1 Men 52 6,969 CMCMt'-co©cocMCM©co©©r>-gpTt-COTr<,'tfCM©CMrH©CO^eO©rH©©©©aQ©©CM©,^r>- TH^THiO©C0©©C0©‘C©»OC0^©THt^^CM©^ HH rH rH © rH rH CM rH ©00^©CM©©CO©Tff^ ©rHCMCOCO©©TfrH^CO rH CM Number of insti¬ tutions S 148 1 rH © T* i OC CM © b- OQ © ^ b- t'- I © CO rH i N ^ O N (N M N i I rH CM 1 rH CO CM CM » CM © ^ lO © 00 05 Tt< 00 iO Ti< 05 00 1 © rH CO © © © © CO © CM © Tti © 00 © © 00 © CO 1 CM 05 © CM rH lO rH 00 CM 00 © CM rH 1 !>• 05 rH C5 *0 05 TP CM CO COCO l CO rH rH 00 CO l 00 rH © CO CM CO rH rH HO* ! rH i i u QO eo © eo OOCO©©OOt^©©©©©00©Ht<^CO©©COrHCMCM©©t^COCM©©©CM©CMrHCO©©©© t^C0CMCM©©©©©©©rH0000©00rH05t^C00000©©iHT^©C0’^’^00CMr>-Ttt00,^rHO© © rH CM CM © CMH^HHH^I rH © ©© CM ©©©©©© CM rH © © iH rH rH rH HH WCO hV rH rH rH CM rH Total 63,471 1,608 136 225 1,247 2,307 64 321 175 570 254 110 136 569 108 26, 382 24, 538 420 1, 424 4,091 231 587 583 1, 008 660 1, 022 1,922 3,597 240 1,738 885 734 916 116 267 121 290 15 107 194 Number of insti¬ tutions CO © ! CM rH © 1 CM © © © t"* © T}4 t>- IHNCO 1 TJH © rH 00 © CM • © CO CM © 1 rH CM CM 00 ^ ^ i CO CM © 1 CM © -^ © © CM CO rH i CM CM i CM t'- l> 00 00 00 i CM CO © 00 i^©^2 CM ^ ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ll i i ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii 1st professional Women © 104, 895 144 15 1 128 2,921 5 224 21 1, 812 90 3 75 460 231 38, 352 35, 903 76 2,373 60 11 8 7 7 8 19 8,282 9,160 112 3, 959 2,004 3,085 2,712 207 945 177 1,176 11 196 117 Men 05 © e* w THt^O0©©©CM©QO©©rHTt<©©r^©©©©©CM©t^©©rHO0©©CM©©©O0©CMrHCM to O »H CM l"*- © CM ^ © © ^ CO © © CO © 00 © ^,CM't|N©©CO©iOHCO©NH* CO CM CO © © © CM CM CM rH CO H rH CM ©©© rH ^ © 00 CO ^ © CM 00 ©©© 00 © t'- ^ TP CTtC*^od^CO»0^ rH r— T ►GRAPH?. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 47 p i i >*-i i i< ^ • ; ; ■a :SKS2 g :2§ g :«• i j ; ,3S'0§‘D^3W§ igsgssss ^assa : ; g ;N p j is^ss'^f igsgssss ®§§gsg§ kgssss ^®2^2 S i i i P ~ • e* j^h j ic^ooiocDj-jc^oc^g ; 28 S^S^Ssco M °°«o WCOJO E r|S j jars§*sE5 ig«g! i i I i i ■s sssgsss SgSgg ags '|s j"§ 8§isg|g §!§§§= igsgg sgf t-Tef CO* «0* of T Total number enrolled for first engineering degree evening students 3 18,580 s ia ills iai j ihhW i » |Sg§g= is: - *> : = i§s Part-time ana spe¬ cial day students 3 1,610 76 7 44 4 32 182 383 1° 1 80 409 7 4 4 5 18 145 108 Fifth vear of coop¬ erative program O 1 -T S ic5 |S|| 1 152 497 27 Fifth vear of 5-year currciu- lum Ob I -r sss2S|§ !« p l » r ourm year GO I 8 slsalal0’!ls8illsl”lssl Third year r* s 5 B16llllslllllSgSl^§ai e*v«f h(o Second year «© 30,219 -7 eiVco -Tr-7 1 n U5> 51,631 1,710 409 1,078 121 3,937 5,835 8, 253 390 A, uuu 308 1,232 8, 766 520 278 320 1,180 35 272 14,884 543 Total Women •*< 1 ; 4 191 11 Men CO 155,479 ls§ll§I“ISlllslS§SslI ssf# Sf~ f'oj W S ‘ Engineering curricula - i\ Agricultural _ _ _ Architectural... . . . Ceramic _ Chemical _ _ _ Civil . . . . Electrical _ Engineering mechanics Engineering physics _ Geological.. . . . . Industrial » _ Mechanical Metallurgical". . Mining _ Naval architectural and marine _ Petroleum _ Sanitary - - Textile _ _ . Unclassified _ _ _ Others _ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 49 Junior Colleges Junior colleges numbered 480 in 1951-52, and enrolled approximately 230,000 students, 79.5 percent in publicly controlled, and 20.5 in privately controlled institutions (table 41). As in other institutions of higher education, enrollments in junior colleges were not as high as they were in 1949-50. The proportion of the total enrollment of college grade in junior colleges, however, increased from 9 percent in 1949-50 to 10 percent in 1951-52. Table 41. — Junior colleges and their enrollment: Continental United States , 1917-18 to 1951-52 Year All junior colleges Publicly controlled Privately controlled Num¬ ber Enroll¬ ment Num¬ ber Enroll¬ ment Num¬ ber Enroll¬ ment * 2 3 4 5 6 7 1917-18 . . . . 46 4, 504 14 1,367 32 3, 137 1919-20 . . . . 52 8, 102 10 2, 940 42 5,162 1921-22 . . . . 80 12,124 17 4, 771 63 7,353 1923-24 . . . . . . . 132 20, 559 39 9, 240 93 11,319 1925-26. . . 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28 . . 248 44,855 114 28,437 134 16,418 1929-30. . . 277 55, 616 129 36, 501 148 19, 115 1931-32... . . . . . 342 85, 063 159 58, 887 183 26, 176 1933-34 . . . . . . 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36... . . . 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31,896 1937-38 . . 453 121,510 209 82, 041 244 39,469 1939-40 . . . 456 149, 854 217 107, 553 239 42,301 1941-42 . . . . . 461 141,272 231 100. 783 230 40, 489 1943-44 . . . . . . 413 89, 208 210 60, 884 203 28,324 1945-46 . . 464 156, 456 242 109,640 222 46,816 1947-48. . . . . . . 472 240, 173 242 178, 196 230 61,977 1949-50 . . . . . 483 242, 740 256 187, 695 227 55, 045 1951-52 i . 480 229, 991 265 182,870 215 47, 121 Percent of all higher education _ 26.2 10.0 41.3 15.8 18.1 4.1 Average enrollment per institution .. . 479 690 219 1 Excludes 26 public junior colleges (designated as normal schools) having a combined enrollment of 1,184. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section I, Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52. Income General data on the income of institutions of higher education, by source, are given in table 42. For 1951-52, "educational and general income,” i. e., the operating funds used to defray expenditures for adminis¬ tration, instruction, research, plant operation and maintenance, etc., amounted to $2 billion. Income from auxiliary enterprises and activities, i. e., those activities which are ancillary to the primary educational pro¬ gram of the institutions, such as residence and dining accommodations, bookstores, and intercollegiate athletics, amounted to half a billion dol¬ lars. Plant expansion funds were increased by $356 million during the year; and private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds amounted to $96 million. 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 42. — Income of institutions of higher education , by control of institution: Continental United States , 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] Item 1951-52 Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Total number of institutions . . . . 1,832 641 1,191 Current income . . $2, 562,451 $1,375, 303 $1,187, 148 Educational and general . . 2,020,878 1,117,628 903, 251 Student fees _ _ _ _ _ _ 446, 591 146, 900 304, 111 611,302 72, 013 112, 859 149, 826 136, 442 40, 835 116, 201 57, 647 163,323 575, 656 70, 617 12, 089 26, 233 79, 097 16, 765 330,390 89, 253 140, 787 35, 646 1,396 100, 771 123, 593 57, 344 24,070 Federal Government: For veterans’ tuition and fees . . - For other purposes . . . . . State governments _ _ _ _ _ Local governments _ _ _ _ _ Endowment earnings . . . . . . . . Private benefactions . . . . . Organized activities related to instructional departments.. . Other sources _ _ _ Auxiliary enterprises. . . . . . . 509, 545 20, 635 11,392 245, 580 6, 376 5,720 263,966 14, 260 5, 672 For scholarships, fellowships, prizes _ Other current income.. . . Receipts for plant expansion, by source _ 355, 614 234, 579 121, 034 Federal Government... _ _ _ _ 12, 657 144, 187 16, 075 71,606 12, 846 50, 336 47, 907 6, 435 143, 954 16, 075 8,874 6,600 28, 668 23, 973 6, 223 232 State governments _ Local governments _ _ _ _ Private gifts and grants . . . . 62, 731 6,244 21,668 23, 934 Other sources _ _ _ _ _ _ Transfers from current funds . . . . . Loans for plant expansion . Private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds . . . 96, 160 11, 149 85, 012 Endowment funds 1 _ _ 91, 983 2, 863 1,314 10, 716 16 417 81,266 2,848 896 Annuity funds _ Student loan funds... . . 1 Includes funds temporarily functioning as endowments. Note.— It is not customary to sum the total income of the various fund-groups (current, plant, and non¬ expendable), because of possible overlap of income in certain accounts. Thus, the amount recorded in “transfers from current funds” (under “Receipts for plant expansion”) is also recorded, originally, as part of “Current income.” This type of overlap, though generally not very great, has prevented the simple summation of the different types of income. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52. A percentage distribution of educational and general income of insti¬ tutions of higher education, by source, is presented in table 43, for pub¬ licly and privately controlled institutions, respectively. Expenditures The 1,832 institutions of higher education in the United States expended $2.5 billion for current purposes during the academic year 1951-52, and an additional $400 million for plant expansion. Table 44 presents a dis¬ tribution of expenditures, by purpose and by control of institution, and table 45 gives a percentage distribution of educational and general expend¬ itures. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 51 Table 43. — Percentage distribution of educational and general income of institutions of higher education, by source and by control: Continental United States, 1951-52 Source All institu¬ tions Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Amount (thousands of dollars) . . . . . . . . $2, 020,878 $1, 117, 628 $903, 251 Percent _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 Student fees _ 22.1 10.4 36.6 Federal Government: Veterans’ tuition and fees _ _ _ 7.3 5.2 9.9 Other current purposes _ _ 15.0 14.6 15. 6 State governments _ _ _ _ 30.2 51.5 3.9 Local governments _ 3.6 6.3 .2 Endowment earnings _ _ _ _ _ 5.6 1.1 11.2 Private benefactions _ _ _ _ 7.4 2.3 13.7 Organized activities related to instructional departments-. . - 6.8 7. 1 6.3 Other sources _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.0 1.5 2.7 Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the Unite d States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-62. Table 44. — Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] Item 1951-52 Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Number of Institutions . . . 1,832 641 1, 191 Current expenditures . . . . $2, 471,008 $1, 305, 147 $1, 165, 862 Educational and general . . . 1, 921, 209 1,052,826 868, 384 Administration and general expense . . . Resident instruction . 233, 844 823, 117 317, 927 97, 408 60, 612 240, 446 147, 854 98, 683 453, 655 169, 153 83,840 31,321 128, 666 87, 509 135, 162 369, 462 148, 775 13, 568 29, 291 111,781 60,345 Organized research _ Extension . . . Libraries. . . . . . . . . . Physical plant operation and maintenance. . . . Organized activities related to instructional departments... Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ 477, 672 39, 272 32, 855 231, 867 7,953 12, 502 245,806 31,317 20, 353 Scholarships, fellowships, prizes . . . . . Other current expenditures . . . Expenditures for plant expansion .. . _ _ 403,317 260, 258 143, 059 Note.— It is not customary to total the two principal expenditure-groups (current and plant), because of possible overlap of expenditures in certain accounts. Thus, expenditures for equipment are frequently recorded originally as part of current expenditures, and later recorded as part of the physical plant. This type of overlap, though generally not very great, has prevented the simple summation of the different types of expenditures. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52. 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 45. — Percentage distribution of educational and stitutions of higher education, by purpose and by contro 1951-52 general expenditures of in- Continental United States , Purpose All institu¬ tions Publicly controlled Privately controlled ■ 2 3 4 Amount (thousands of dollars) . . . . - $1, 921, 209 $1, 052, 826 $868,384 Percent _ _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 Administration and general expense. . . . . . . 12.2 9.4 15.6 Resident instruction 42. 8 43. 1 42.5 3.4 Libraries.. . . . . . 3.2 3.0 Physical plant operation and maintenance _ _ 12.5 12.2 12.9 Organized activities related to instructional departments _ 7.7 8.3 6.9 Organized research . . . .. 16.5 16. 1 17. 1 Extension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.1 8.0 1.6 Note.— Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52. Property Physical plant and plant funds of the institutions of higher education were valued at $9.7 at the end of the 1951-52 academic year; endowment funds, $2.9 billion; annuity funds, $75 million; and student loan funds, $47 million (table 46). Table 46. — Value of physical plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Continental United States, 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] Item 1951-52 Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Total number of institutions — . . . 1,832 641 1, 191 Property: Total plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds _ Physical plant and plant funds _ _ _ _ $9, 745, 869 $4, 194, 671 $5, 551, 198 6, 755, 915 3, 650, 115 3, 105, 800 Value of physical plant.. _ _ 6, 373, 195 382, 720 3, 372, 791 277, 324 3, 000, 404 105, 396 Unexpended plant funds _ _ _ _ _ _ Nonexpendable funds . 2, 989, 954 544, 556 2, 445, 398 Endowment funds . . . . . 2, 868, 530 74, 640 46, 784 516, 475 12, 545 15, 536 2, 352, 055 62, 095 31, 248 Annuity funds _ _ _ _ _ _ Student loan funds _ .. .. _ _ _ Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 53 Higher Eaucation in the Outlying Parts of the United States Four outlying parts of the United States (Alaska, Canal Zone, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) together enrolled 17,612 students in 5 institutions of higher education in 1951-52. During the same academic year, 1,938 bachelor’s and 53 master’s degrees were conferred (table 47). In com¬ paring the data presented in this historical table, it should be kept in mind that the Philippines were not included after they received their independent status in 1946. Table 47. — Faculty , students , and earned degrees conferred, in institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States: 1919-20 to 1951-52 1 Item 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1951-52 i 2 3 4 5 6 Faculty: 2 Total _ _ _ 3 154 689 1, 601 1, 770 1,721 Men... _ _ 68 518 1, 217 1, 094 1,098 Women _ _ y-86 171 384 676 623 Resident college students: 4 Total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ « 1,238 10,834 18, 215 14,737 17, 612 Men. _ _ 384 6,073 11, 360 9, 281 8, 864 Women _ _ _ _ 854 4,761 6,855 5, 456 8,748 Earned degrees conferred: Bachelor’s or first professional: Total . . . . . . 21 922 1, 683 1, 676 1, 938 Men _ _ _ _ 18 588 1,057 978 1,048 Women. _ 3 334 626 698 890 Master’s or second professional: Total.. . . . . . 1 34 58 36 53 Men _ _ - . . . . 1 19 43 17 34 Women _ _ _ _ _ 0 15 15 19 19 1 Data for 1949-50 are not comparable with those for earlier years due to exclusion of the Philippines, independent since 1946. 2 Total different individuals, 1919-20 and 1929-30; full-time equivalent, later years. 3 Includes 4 men and 50 women included in continental United States totals. 4 Regular session, September to June, only. * Includes 42 men and 381 women included in continental United States totals. Souece: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section 1, Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52. Veterans * Training Program The Federal training program for veterans of World War II rests upon two basic acts administered by the Veterans Administration: Public Law 16, which provides vocational rehabilitation for disabled veterans; and Public Law 346, the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, which makes it possible for an eligible veteran to pursue a course of his own choice (subject to the limitations of Public Law 266) in any approved school or job -training establishment. Table 48 presents for each year from 1943-44 to 1951-52 the average number of veterans in training under each law, and the annual expenditures for subsistence allowances, tuition, equip¬ ment, supplies, and materials. Table 49 indicates the type of training 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 pursued by veterans over the past 7 years. The data reveal that higher education accounted for 39 percent of the veterans in training during the 7-year period; education of less than college grade, 31 percent; on-farm training, 12 percent; and on-job training, 18 percent. Table 48. — Veterans in training ,l and expenditures for training and for vocational rehabilitation: 1943-44 to 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] Year Vocational rehabilitation (P. L. 16) Education and training (P. L. 346) Average number of veterans in training Amount of subsistence allowance Amount for tuition, equipment, supplies, and materials Average number of veterans in training Amount of subsistence allowance Amount for tuition, equipment, supplies, and materials 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 Total, 9 years . .. 1943-44 _ _ $1, 187, 113 $303,513 $9,463, 064 $4,081,514 922 9, 464 44, 578 174, 465 237, 382 217, 740 167, 809 99, 872 54, 253 567 7,046 37, 993 190, 941 265, 298 262, 196 213, 616 135, 173 74, 283 97 1,302 7, 094 30, 006 68. 013 73, 004 58, 676 41, 702 23, 619 1944- 45 _ _ _ 1945- 46. . . 1946- 47 . . . . 1947- 48 _ _ 1948- 49 _ _ _ _ 1949- 50 _ _ _ 1950- 51. _ _ _ _ 1951- 52 _ 11, 956 376, 750 1, 883, 551 2, 213, 382 2, 054, 616 1, 990, 413 1, 552, 040 1, 226, 862 7,803 317, 905 1, 550, 796 1, 628, 908 1,865,804 1, 829, 112 1, 363, 079 899, 657 1,703 32, 113 567, 939 872, 756 834, 379 766, 616 580, 262 425, 746 i Includes school training, on-farm training, and on-job training. Source: Office of Education Bulletin 1952, No. 12. Federal Funds for Eduation, 1950-51 and 1951-52. Table 49. — Average number of veterans enrolled in various educational programs in the 5 months from October through March: 1945-46 to 1951-52 Fiscal year Higher education Below college grade On-farm training On-job training Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 1945-46.. . . . . 209, 313 77, 126 13, 294 84, 042 383, 775 1946-47 _ _ _ 1, 095, 975 467, 648 102, 004 707, 550 2, 373, 177 1947-48. . . . . . 1, 180, 350 685, 758 228, 077 624, 813 2, 718, 998 1948-49... _ _ 1, 024, 924 709, 216 304, 989 459, 900 2, 499, 029 1949-50 . . . . . 851, 290 895, 818 346, 860 311, 229 2, 405, 197 1950-51 _ 558, 523 728, 086 312, 398 166, 981 1, 765, 988 1951-52 . . . 369, 179 678, 196 250, 304 104, 693 1, 402, 372 Source: Office of Education Bulletin 1952, No. 12. Federal Funds for Education, 1950-51 and 1951-52. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION Chapter 6 of the Biennial Survey of Education, 1950-52, entitled "Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52" presents (1) summaries of basic library data, by type of institution, by region, and by State; (2) detailed statistics on the libraries of the larger institutions; and (3) such interpretation of the data as may facilitate STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 55 their application, especially to the problems of higher education, librarian - ship, and the book trade. Tables 50, 51, 52, 53, and 54 present summary statistics taken from this chapter. Table 50. — Summary of library statistics in institutions of higher education: Continenta United States, , 1939-40 , 1946-47, and 1951-52 Item 1 Total number cf institutions of higher education in continental. United States . . . Number of institutions submitting report— . . Percentage of institutions reporting . . Total number of volumes added during year.. . . . . Number of volumes added during year per student _ Total number of volumes at end of year . . Number of volumes at end of year per student . . . Total number of volumes circulated for home use _ _ Number of volumes circulated for home use per student . . Total number of reserved books circulated. . . . . Number of reserved books circulated per student . . . Total library operating expenditures (excluding capital out¬ lay) . - . — - . — - . - Library operating expenditures per student . . Total capital outlay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Total number of library employees (excluding student assist¬ ants) . . . . . . . Total number of student library assistants . 1939-40 1946-47 1951-52 2 3 4 1, 686 1,695 1,832 1,314 1,340 1,509 77.9 79.1 82.4 3, 194, 578 3, 602, 198 4, 927, 462 2.63 1.89 2. 36 71, 666,801 94, 300, 665 119, 794, 340 59.8 48.3 57.0 26, 441, 007 27, 197, 348 33, 495, 095 21.7 15.0 16.8 36, 591, 088 30, 968, 772 28,053,803 30.1 18.7 15.7 $17,976, 231 $34, 621, 588 $61, 327, 420 $15. 31 $18. 07 $29.23 $4, 270, 470 $3, 324, 786 $14, 129, 857 1 6, 760 10, 617 13, 341 (>) 15,290 17, 966 1 Total number of full-time employees, plus full-time equivalent of part-time workers. * Not reported. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 6, Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Educa¬ tion, 1951-52. Table 51. — Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of volumes in library at end of year, by type of institution: 1951-52 Num¬ ber of Volumes in library Type of institution insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Less than 10,000 10,000- 24, 999 25,000- 49, 999 50, COO- 99, 999 100, 000- 199,999 200,000- 499,999 500,000- 999,999 1,000,000 or more 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . . 1,509 1 314 396 392 195 99 73 25 15 Universities _ 124 2 5 28 49 25 15 Liberal arts colleges _ _ _ 601 19 154 239 129 44 16 Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges _ 189 8 44 90 36 10 1 Technological schools. . . Theological schools _ 41 3 8 8 7 12 3 88 13 32 24 12 4 3 Other . . . . 77 40 22 10 4 1 Junior colleges _ 389 231 136 19 2 1 Outlying parts of the United States . 6 3 1 J Universities . . . 2 1 1 Liberal arts colleges. _ 3 1 _ 2 1 Junior colleges . . 1 1 . . 1 1 Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 6, Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Educa¬ tion, 1951-52. Table 52. — Book stock of libraries in institutions of higher education , by type of institution: 1951-52 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Book stock at end of year Number of volumes at end of year per student - 57.0 64.1 60.3 44.8 39.8 158.6 33.5 21.9 N N 23.6 87.8 116.9 Number of volumes at end of year ® 119, 794,340 68,235,565 30, 494, 753 8, 097, 079 3, 694, 185 3, 691, 337 1, 289, 169 4, 292, 252 as us r* gf 3 395, 519 74, 736 12, 504 Student en¬ rollment of institutions reporting (regular session) as 8 OO ® 1,065,305 506, 123 180, 757 92, 888 23, 275 38, 518 195, 992 17,726 16, 768 851 107 Number of institutions reporting 00 1,509 Tf i—4 05 r— 1 OO t''- OS (MO oo Tt* oo oo 1-H CO CO CD r* r** 16,768 851 107 Number of institutions reporting 1, 485 CO CO (MO oo ^ oo oo Hio i—4 CO CD M CO H Type of institution - Continental United States... _ ... Universities _ _ _ Liberal arts colleges _ Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges _ _ _ Technological schools _ _ _ Theological schools _ _ _ _ Other.. _ _ _ _ Junior colleges. _ _ Outlying parts of the United States _ Universities . . . . .. . Liberal arts colleges _ _ _ Junior colleges. _ _ _ o 8 I GO Hfl „o sw Q. 25 Q2 ■ a \d H 88 ..*5 roro w a a d o -a 11 If _ c CO g ua 3 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 57 Table 53. — Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by amount of library operating expenditures, by type of institution: 1951-52 Num¬ ber of Library operating expenditures Type of institution insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Less than $3,000 $3, 000- $4,999 $5, 000- $9,999 $10, ooo- $24,999 $25, 000- $49,999 $50, 000- $99,999 $100, 000- $299,999 $300, 000 or more * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States - . - 1,482 151 164 338 410 198 109 77 35 Universities . . 124 1 6 30 52 35 Liberal arts colleges. . 594 31 37 143 218 110 43 12 Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges . 188 9 4 25 75 55 17 3 Technological schools _ Theological schools _ 41 1 3 11 8 9 9 86 20 7 31 22 4 2 Other... . 71 11 12 20 19 6 2 1 Junior colleges _ .. 378 79 104 116 64 9 6 Outlying parts of the United States .. . 6 1 2 2 U nlversities _ . . . 2 2 Liberal arts colleges .. 3 1 1 1 Junior colleges 1 1 Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 6, Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Edu¬ cation, 1951-52. Table 54. — Library expenditures in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Capital outlay e* $14, 129,857 1, 151, 545 7,496, 105 3, 783, 047 16, 972 264, 288 293, 593 1, 124, 307 I 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i 1 i i i i i i Operat¬ ing ex¬ pend!- tuies per student S2 CO d* O) U 33.73 26.36 27.19 25.23 39.59 25. 32 16. 41 21.31 18.99 54.76 117. 76 Operating expenditures Other (excluding building mainte¬ nance) c* w u 1, 679, 691 642,005 157, 894 84, 731 44, 093 64, 185 65, 315 •C? 13, 088 2,166 Audio¬ visual materials ® CO § N eo- 53, 162 73, 764 43, 203 8, 408 9,419 6, 347 55,805 00 8S IQ CO Binding • i u 1, 476, 293 510, 584 132, 124 102,863 37, 592 38, 703 68,352 21,917 18, 031 3, 586 300 Periodicals CC cd ® N eo 1,702,974 836, 015 235, 075 199, 381 48, 398 79, 997 138, 621 N N 18, 987 3, 184 300 Books $13,650,630 8, 151, 601 3, 115, 702 980,809 467, 463 180, 128 139, 280 615, 747 66,621 49, 953 14, 668 2,000 Salaries Student service cd eo r» w us 3, 121,892 1, 234, 667 466, 657 120, 358 101, 622 36, 942 191, 807 27,468 24, 770 2,698 Library staff CD U5* GO •9 w 19, 743, 733 6,865,620 2, 892, 506 1,360, 271 474, 196 588, 936 1,859,799 QO s w w N 193, 170 19, 928 10, 000 Total ** ® N w CO CD 35,932, 910 13, 297, 561 4, 909,050 2,343,684 903, 177 945,066 2, 995, 972 o r- eo 318, 499 46, 605 12,600 Student enrollment of institu¬ tions reporting (regular session) e* 2,097,801 1,065, 305 504, 486 180,516 92, 888 22, 812 37,328 194, 466 CD O* r-T 16, 768 851 107 Number of insti¬ tutions reporting N GO 124 694 188 41 86 71 378 CD e* co*-h Type of institution - Continental United States _ Universities. . Liberal arts colleges. . _ Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges . Technological schools . Theological schools . Other _ _ Junior colleges . Outlying parts of the United States _ Universities. . . Liberal arts colleges . j D STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 59 Table 55 shows library operating expenditures per student, by type of institution, and by student -body size. In general, it appears that as the student -body size of an institution of higher education increases, the per student expenditure for operating libraries decreases. This tendency is most noticeable in the technological and theological schools, and exists to a much lesser extent in the universities. Table 55. — Library operating expenditures per student, by type of institution and by enrollment: Continental United States and outlying parts, 1951-52 Type of institution Student-body size 10,000 and over 5,000- 9,999 3,000- 4,999 1,000- 2,999 500-999 0-499 ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 Universities . . . $32. 51 $34. 35 18. 30 $36. 38 20.17 24. 44 26. 31 $36. 76 26. 27 25. 62 31.09 20. 06 13.30 11.84 $37. 34 28.52 28.78 34.50 30. 86 28. 07 15. 01 Liberal arts colleges .. $32. 04 36.41 73. 94 46.48 38.88 26. 56 Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges Technological schools _ _ _ _ _ 14.23 Theological schools . _ . Other... . Junior colleges 7.14 7.24 7.08 Source: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Circular No. 415, Statis¬ tics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, by Type of Institution and by Size of Enrollment: 1951-52. NEGRO EDUCATION Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Seventeen States and the District of Columbia maintain separate school systems for white and for Negro children. Data for Negroes are presented separately for these States because there is considerable demand for them. However, not all States with segregated school systems can supply the data on finances in the detail requested, because of their methods of keep¬ ing records. When it has not been possible to obtain complete financial data, by race, for all the States maintaining dual systems, averages for the States reporting such data (with an appropriate footnote) have been used. While data for Negro children in segregated systems have been reported separately in this section on "Negro Education,” data for white and Negro children together have been presented in all other sections of this "Statis¬ tical Summary of Education.” Table 56 gives a statistical summary of data available for continental United States on enrollment, average daily attendance, number of instruc¬ tional staff members and their average annual salary, for Negro public elementary and secondary schools, decennially from 1919-20 to 1949-50, and for 1951-52. Data for Negro schools on number of instructional staff members, enrollment, and number of high-school graduates for each of the 17 States and the District of Columbia are presented in table 57. 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Comparative data available for white and for Negro schools in each of the 17 States and the District of Columbia are presented in table 58 on: aver¬ age length of school term in days; average daily attendance as percent of enrollment; average annual salary per member of instructional staff (for 11 States); and current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance (for 8 States). Table 56. — Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1919-20 to 1951-52 Item Total Negro population 1 _ Negro school-age population (5-17 years, inclusive) 1 _ Percent school-age population is of total population . . . . . Total enrollment _ _ _ Elementary (kindergarten-grade 8) _ Boys _ _ _ Girls.. _ _ Secondary (grades 9-12 and postgrad¬ uates) . . . Boys _ _ _ Girls . . . Percent of total population enrolled _ Percent of school-age population enrolled. Percent secondary enrollment is of total enrollment _ Average daily attendance _ Percent of enrolled pupils in daily attend¬ ance. _ _ _ _ Average length of school term in days _ Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled _ _ _ Total instructional staff _ Supervisors _ _ _ Principals. _ _ Teachers and others _ Elementary _ Men . . . . . Women _ Secondary _ _ Men _ _ _ Women . . . . . Total high-school graduates _ Boys _ _ _ _ _ Girls.. _ _ Average annual salary per member of in¬ structional staff (for States reporting): Unadjusted dollars _ _ _ Stable dollars 8 _ _ _ _ _ 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1951-52 2 3 4 5 6 9, 090, 532 9, 585,417 10, 149, 005 10,522,495 2, 899, 246 2, 902, 657 2, 827, 565 2 2, 805, 917 31.9 30.3 27.5 2 26. 4 2, 103, 715 2, 282, 578 2, 428, 842 2, 396, 946 2, 472, 333 2, 070, 374 2, 169, 992 2, 174, 262 2, 058, 914 2, 099, 971 992, 401 1, 039, 227 1, 072, 281 1,043,658 1, 067, 929 1, 077, 973 1, 130, 765 1, 101, 981 1, 015, 256 1, 032, 042 33, 341 112, 586 254,580 338, 032 372, 362 12, 392 40, 533 102, 678 144, 820 162, 058 20, 949 72, 053 151, 902 193, 212 210, 304 23.1 23.8 23.9 22.8 72.6 78.6 85.9 84.5 1.6 4.9 10.5 14.1 15.1 1, 416, 206 1, 645, 518 1, 953, 401 2, 044, 518 2, 101, 000 67.3 72.1 80.4 85.3 85.0 119 132 156 173 176 80 97 126 148 150 38,560 51, 278 64, 476 74, 558 78, 952 (3 * * * *) (3) 232 375 447 (3) (3) 964 2,822 3, 287 38, 560 51, 278 63, 280 71, 361 75, 218 37, 625 46, 047 53, 981 53, 279 54, 376 6,398 6,246 7,883 4,308 5,111 31, 227 39, 801 46, 098 48, 971 49, 265 935 5, 231 9,299 18, 082 20, 842 457 2, 395 4, 575 7,091 8,483 478 2, 836 4, 724 10, 991 12, 359 30, 009 45, 291 49, 851 11, 014 18, 459 19, 544 18, 995 26, 832 30, 307 $601 < $2, 143 < $2, 587 1, 132 2, 381 2,587 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 2 Statistics for nonwhite population; data for Negro population not available. Negroes constituted 98.8 percent of the total nonwhite group for these areas. 3 Included with teachers. ♦ For 10 States reporting in 1949-50, and 11 States in 1951-52. 8 Adjusted to purchasing power of 1951-52 dollars by use of the Consumer Price Index. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 61 Tables 57. — Instructional staff , enrollments , and high-school graduates in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52 State Instruc¬ tional staff 1 Enrollment High-school graduates Total Elementary (kindergar¬ ten— 8th grade in¬ clusive) Secondary (9th grade- postgradu¬ ate in¬ clusive) Total Boys Girl 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 17 States and the District of Columbia _ 78,952 2,472, 333 2,099,971 372, 362 49, 851 19,544 30,307 Alabama _ _ _ 7, 689 239, 373 200, 814 38, 559 5,773 3 2, 234 3 3, 539 Arkansas. _ _ . 2,814 100, 101 86,509 13, 592 1, 727 684 1, 043 Delaware _ 334 8,765 7,372 1,393 192 83 109 Florida _ 4, 732 127, 531 106, 237 21, 294 3, 052 1, 340 1, 712 Georgia _ _ _ 8, 079 255, 870 226, 883 28, 987 2,567 970 1,597 Kentucky. _ _ _ 1,490 36, 404 29, 597 6, 807 1,060 437 623 Louisiana _ _ _ _ 5, 920 198, 257 171, 670 26, 587 3,604 1,285 2,319 Maryland _ 2, 664 80, 715 67, 937 12, 778 1,674 682 992 Mississippi _ _ _ _ 6,732 268, 348 244, 030 24, 318 2, 903 1,027 1, 876 Missouri _ 1, 922 61, 997 50, 240 11, 757 1,566 666 900 North Carolina _ _ _ 8, 474 273, 188 223, 714 49, 474 7,110 2,673 4, 437 Oklahoma _ .. _ ... 1,509 36, 902 28, 779 8,123 1, 134 540 594 South Carolina _ _ 7,193 227, 658 198, 444 29, 214 3, 065 1, 048 2,017 Tennessee _ ... . _. 3, 558 110, 780 90, 783 19, 997 2, 735 1,106 1,629 Texas _ _ 7,760 206, 592 168, 594 37, 998 5,802 2,532 3,270 Virginia _ _ _ 5,416 162, 268 136, 485 25, 783 3,767 1,445 2, 322 West Virginia _ _ _ 991 25, 978 19, 798 6,180 977 430 547 District of Columbia _ 1,675 51, 606 42, 085 9,521 1, 143 362 781 1 Principals, supervisors, teachers, librarians, etc. 3 Distribution by sex estimated. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 58. — Average length of school term in days , attendance , average annual salary of instructional staff, and current expenditure per pupil, for white and for Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52 State Length of school term in days Average daily attendance as percent of en¬ rollment Average annual salary per mem¬ ber of instruc¬ tional staff Current expendi¬ ture per pupil in average daily attendance White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 17 States and the District of Columbia _ __ 177.4 176.1 86.5 85.0 1 $2,975 1 $2, 587 2 $190. 69 2 $115.67 Alabama. _ _ _ _ _ 176.0 177.0 87.2 85.1 2,610 2,391 172. 48 107. 84 Arkansas _ _ _ _ 172.0 171.6 84.8 82.5 1, 970 1, 557 137. 76 76.93 Delaware . . . . . 180.7 182.8 87.9 87.6 Florida . . . . 180.1 180.1 84.2 88.3 3, 322 3,008 221. 20 159. 77 Georgia . . . 180.0 180.0 86.6 81.1 2,649 2,444 190. 15 115. 39 Kentucky . . . . . 172.5 177.8 84.7 85.9 Louisiana _ _ 179.0 179.0 88.9 86.1 3,248 2, 864 Maryland . . 182.4 182.5 87.0 85.0 3,915 3, 854 253.53 200.84 Mississippi _ _ _ 167.8 158.1 91.4 84.5 2,025 1,035 147. 49 39.93 Missouri. _ _ 181.4 190.6 84.4 81.5 North Carolina . . 179.9 179.9 90.2 87.0 3,267 3,322 186. 30 149.60 Oklahoma _ 182.4 176.9 78.8 85.9 South Carolina _ _ _ 179.8 177.4 86.1 80.1 2,673 2,001 195. 52 98. 14 Tennessee _ _ 176.5 178. 1 87.8 88.4 Texas _ _ _ 175.3 175.2 86.4 85.5 3,232 3,099 Virginia _ 180.0 180.0 87.6 86.5 2,641 2,584 West Virginia _ 173.1 173.0 89.7 91.9 District of Columbia . . 178.3 177.4 80.6 87.2 4,532 4,394 345.46 261. 43 1 Average for 11 States and the District of Columbia. 2 Average for 8 States and the District of Columbia. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 2, Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52. Institutions for the Higher Education of Negroes During the academic year 1951-52, there were 104 institutions of higher education attended predominantly by Negroes (table 59). These institutions constituted 5.7 percent of all institutions of higher education, and enrolled 71,554, or 3.1 percent of the total number of students; they conferred 11,265 bachelor’s, and 984 master’s degrees. The Negro in¬ stitutions are typically smaller than those attended by white persons: the average enrollment for the predominantly Negro institution was 688, as contrasted with an average of 1,291 for the white or nonsegregated institution. Data are not available on the total number of Negroes en¬ rolled in institutions of higher education, since many Negroes attend predominantly white institutions. The Office of Education has not col¬ lected attendance data by race for institutions of higher education. Current expenditures of the Negro institutions of higher education amounted to $62.8 million, or 2.5 percent of the current expenditures of all institutions. Their property was valued at $279 million, or 2.9 percent of the total property of all institutions of higher education (table 60). STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 63 Table 59. — Faculty, students, and earned degrees conferred, institutions for the higher education of Negroes: Continental United States, 1951-52 Institutions for the higher education of Negroes Item Universities, colleges and professional schools Teach¬ ers colleges, Junior colleges Total All higher educa¬ tion Percent Negro of all higher educa¬ tion Pub¬ licly con¬ trolled Pri¬ vately con¬ trolled public¬ ly con¬ trolled 1 Pub¬ licly con¬ trolled Pri¬ vately con¬ trolled • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 22 52 13 3 14 104 1,832 5.7 H. Faculty (full-time equivalent— 2,895 2,505 542 31 233 6,206 198,477 3.1 1,832 1,063 1,584 921 265 20 119 3,820 2,386 150, 041 48, 436 2.5 277 11 114 4.9 III. Resident college students: Regular session _ _ 29,352 30, 593 9,595 644 1.370 71,554 2,301,884 3.1 Men _ 13, 986 15,366 14, 362 16, 231 2, 579 7, 016 326 523 31,776 39, 778 1, 510, 650 791, 234 2.1 Women _ _ 318 847 5.0 1st time in any college _ 9,029 7,739 2,828 281 659 20, 536 529, 950 3.9 Men _ 4,155 3,159 4, 580 716 111 229 8,370 12, 166 319, 126 210, 824 2.6 Women _ 4, 874 2,112 170 430 5.8 Graduate students _ _ 1,193 1,571 385 3, 149 233, 327 1.3 Men - - 619 839 85 1,543 171,363 61,964 .9 Women _ 574 732 300 1,606 2.6 Summer session, 1951- _ 19, 929 15, 893 3, 074 79 392 39,367 880, 752 4.5 Men _ 6,973 12, 956 6,193 430 65 21 13, 682 528, 239 352, 513 2.6 Women _ 9, 700 2,644 14 371 25, 685 7.3 IV. Earned degrees conferred: 2 Bachelor’s or first professional. 4, 262 5,153 1,850 11,265 329, 986 3.4 Men _ _ 1,816 2, 446 2, 253 2, 900 439 4,508 6, 757 225, 981 104,005 2.0 Women. ... 1,411 6.5 Master’s _ _ 528 373 83 984 63, 534 1.5 Men _ 215 164 25 404 43, 557 .9 Women _ 313 209 58 580 19, 977 2.9 V. Noncollegiate enrollments: 3 Elementary _ _ 1,358 1,184 441 1,566 75 354 3, 719 37, 151 39, 082 697, 980 10.0 Secondary _ _ 273 1,581 112 3,113 10,360 288 8.0 VI. Extension and correspondence students: 4 Collegiate _ _ _ 6, 998 206 2,921 5 329 1.5 Noncollegiate . . 40 37 145, 943 192, 262 .2 VII. Short-course enrollments 4-.. 1,502 189 1,691 .9 1 No privately controlled teachers collegds: No normal schools reported. 2 Doctorate not conferred at any institution in this group. 3 Regular session, September to June. 4 Entire year. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Suvey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section I, Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52. 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 60. — Finances , institutions for the higher education of Negroes: 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars] All higher education Institutions for the higher education of Negroes Item Number or amount Percent of all higher education > 2 3 4 Total number of institutions-,- _ 1, 833 104 5.7 Current income . . . . . . $2, 562, 451 $65, 209 2.5 Total educational and general _ 2, 020, 878 47, 283 2.3 Student fees _ _ _ 446, 591 9, 882 2.2 Federal Government: For veterans’ tuition and fees _ _ _ 146, 900 2, 968 2.0 For other purposes _ _ ... - . 304, 111 3,297 1.1 State governments _ _ _ 611,302 19, 290 3.2 Local governments _ _ 72, 013 791 1.1 Endowment earnings. _ _ . _ 112, 859 2,670 2.4 Private benefactions _ .. 149, 826 5, 498 3.7 Organized activities related to instructional depart¬ ments _ _ 136, 442 2,181 1.6 Other sources. _ _ _ _ 40, 834 706 1.7 Auxiliary enterprises. __ _ _ 509, 546 17, 138 3.4 For scholarships, fellowships, and prizes _ _ _ _ 20, 635 373 1.8 Other current income. . . . . . .. 11,392 415 3.6 Receipts for plant expansion (all sources) . . . . . . 364, 569 14, 468 4.0 Private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds. _ _ 96, 160 1,281 1.3 Endowment funds >... . . . ... ... _ 91,983 1,274 1.4 Annuity funds _ _ _ _ _ 2, 863 1,314 2 .1 Student loan funds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 .4 Current expenditures . . . . _ _ 2, 471,008 62, 800 2.5 Total educational and general... _ _ 1, 921,209 44, 293 2.3 Administration and general expense _ _ _ _ 233, 844 6,930 3.0 Resident instruction 823, 117 317, 928 24,178 385 2.9 Organized research . . . . . .1 Extension. .. . . .... _ _ _ .. 97, 408 60, 612 240,446 501 .5 Libraries . . . . . . . 1,781 2.9 Physical plant operation and maintenance _ 8,075 3.4 Organized activities related to instructional depart¬ ments.. _ _ _ _ _ 147, 854 2, 443 1.7 Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ . _ _ 477, 672 16, 420 3.4 Scholarships, fellowships, and prizes _ _ .. . .. 39, 272 922 2.3 Other current expenditures _ 32, 855 1,165 3.5 Expenditures for plant expansion... . . 409, 080 19, 308 4.7 Property: Total plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds 2_ 9, 745, 869 278,968 2.9 Physical plant and plant funds _ _ 6, 755, 915 214, 418 3.2 Value of physical plant _ _ _ 6,373, 195 199,124 15, 294 3.1 Unexpended plant funds - - - 382, 720 4.0 N onexpendable funds . . . . . . 2, 989, 954 64,550 2.2 Endowment.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2,641,853 59, 879 2.3 Funds functioning as endowment.. . . 226, 677 4,206 1.9 Annuity funds. _ _ _ _ _ _ 74, 640 58 .1 Student loan funds . . . . . . . 46, 784 407 .9 1 Including funds functioning as endowment. * At end of fiscal year. Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52, Chapter 4, Statistics of Higher Education: Section II, Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1951-52. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 65 ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL RELATIONS Under the Teacher Education Program, arrangements were made by the Office for 387 foreign teachers from 47 countries to participate in specially arranged programs of visits and observation in the field of elementary, secondary, and vocational education, as well as in the teach¬ ing of English as a foreign language. Arrangements were made during the year to receive and arrange programs for 388 foreign teachers from 50 countries under a similar project for 1952-53. Under the Teacher Exchange Program during 1951-52, 135 matched pairs of teachers, involving eight countries, exchanged teaching positions. In addition, 61 teachers from the United States were assigned to 12 coun¬ tries on a one-way basis, making a total of 331 teachers exchanged under the provisions of Public Law 584, 79th Congress and Public Law 402, 80th Congress. The year 1951-52 was the initial year of the Technical Training Program for the Office of Education, working with the Technical Cooperation Administration. During the year 9 participants from 3 countries rep¬ resenting various educational fields came to the United States for train¬ ing, as follows: 1 from Brazil, 6 from Pakistan, and 2 from Afghanistan. It is expected that this program may expand rapidly under the auspices of the Foreign Operations Administration. During the school year 1951-52, the Office conducted programs for 236 national leaders from abroad. Of these, 134 were from Germany, 65 from Japan, 9 from Austria, and 9 from the Ryukyu Islands. The other 19 represented 12 European, Asiatic, and South American nations. The Office also assisted the Department of State in the recruitment of 44 specialists for short-term service in Germany. Approximately 30,000 foreign students were enrolled in American institutions of higher education during the academic year 1951-52. This necessitated the evaluation by the Office of Education of 2,791 foreign academic transcripts. From the time UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) was first organized, the Office of Education has maintained a vital interest in its work. The Office has supplied compre¬ hensive statistical reports concerning education in the United States, at all levels, both public and nonpublic, to UNESCO for publication in its "World Handbook of Educational Organization and Statistics." Over the past several years, the Office has worked closely with State boards of education in developing teaching methods and materials for use in in¬ struction in international understanding based on the concept of United Nations. The Office has also endeavored to assist in this effort by provid¬ ing advice, bibliographies, and materials to interested organizations and institutions, and studies of education in other countries to help the American people understand the educational and cultural motivations of other peoples. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1955 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52 The following chapters will he included in the Biennial Survey for 1950-52: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1951-52 Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52 Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1951-52 Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52 Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property , 1951-52 Chapter 5. Statistics ol Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52 Chapter 6. Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52 Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52 Chapter 2 Statistics of State School Systems: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances 1951-52 Samuel Schloss, Specialist in Educational Statistics , and Carol Joy Hobson, Research Assistant prepared this chapter under the general direction of Emery M. Foster U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Oveta Culp Hobby .... Secretary Office of Education Samuel Miller Brownell, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON . 1955 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 35 cents Foreword This CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey is the most recent of a long series of periodic statistical reports on elementary and secondary educa¬ tion, which began with the school year 1869-70. For the school years 1869-70 through 1915-16 the reports were included as part of the Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Education. Since 1917-18 the report has been issued biennially for each school year ending in an even number. Beginning with the school year 1940-41 the biennial report has been supplemented by an abridged report issued as a circular for each school year ending in an odd number. Among the innovations of the present chapter are: (a) the presentation of comparative data on national income, in connection with historical data on salaries of instructional staff and educational expenditures per pupil or per capita; ( b ) the adoption of a four-region classification of the States (Northeast, North Central, South, and West), with alphabetical, rather than contiguous, fisting of the States within each region; and (c) the inclusion of a brief set of "Technical Notes” at the end of the chapter. As in the chapter for 1949-50, historical data on expenditures are ex¬ pressed, so far as possible, both in terms of current and stable dollars. The present report, like its predecessors, presents data chiefly for full¬ time public elementary and secondary day schools, exclusive of junior colleges. Kindergartens have been included as part of elementary schools. Some data are also given for public summer, adult, and evening schools, as well as for nonpublic (denominational and nonsectarian) schools. Not included in this chapter are data for the following types of public schools: (a) schools operated directly by the Federal Government on military reservations and for Indians and the Alaskan natives; (6) public residential schools for exceptional children; and (c) model and training schools attached to teachers colleges and universities. Some data on schools in these categories are, however, included in the "Statistical Summary of Education,” constituting Chapter 1 of the Biennial Survey. Not covered in any chapter of the Biennial Survey are private commercial and trade schools, private schools of art, music, dancing, etc., at less than college grade, and private correspondence schools. A fraction of the data included in the present chapter was made avail¬ able earlier through a four -page multilithed publication (Office of Education Circular No. 420). Still earlier, through photostats, portions of the data of this chapter were made available while still in manuscript. Thus, the usefulness of the data antedates by a considerable period the final appear¬ ance of the complete, printed chapter. m IV FOREWORD This chapter embodies the cooperative efforts of many persons con¬ nected with the public schools of the Nation. First, there are about one million teachers, not to mention bus drivers, custodians, and others, who report basic data to the principals in more than 150,000 elementary and secondary schools. Summary reports from the principals are then checked and compiled by about 8,000 administrative officials — mainly superintendents and school business officials of county, city, or independ¬ ent school districts — who, in turn, transmit the information to the State or Territorial department of education. The voluminous data thus assembled are further scrutinized and summarized, and an extensive statistical report is made to the Office of Education. In the Office of Education, the data are carefully reviewed, analyzed, and prepared for publication. Each of the groups in this step-by-step process has had to struggle with the problem of accuracy, completeness, and comparability in consolidating the reports at each level. The Office of Education, in cooperation with the State departments of education and other groups, is constantly striving to promote more accurate, comparable, and prompt reporting practices on the part of the various data -collection groups. The present report exemplifies one of the major functions of the Office of Education as a clearinghouse for the collection and dissemination of basic information concerning our characteristic educational system of decentralized control and voluntary cooperation. The Office of Education is indebted to the many persons who have helped in numerous ways in the preparation of this report. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief , Research and Statistical Standards. Ward Stewart, Assistant Commissioner , Program Development and Coordination. CONTENTS TEXT Page FOREWORD . m ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC ELE¬ MENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 2 State Boards of Education . 2 State Departments of Education . 2 Intermediate administrative units . : . 3 Local basic administrative units ( school districts ) . 3 TEACHERS AND OTHER INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF . 5 GROWTH OF SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION AND TOTAL POPULATION . 6 Ratio of public elementary and secondary enrollment to school-age population . 6 PUPIL ENROLLMENT IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS . 6 Total enrollment . 6 Elementary school enrollment . 8 Public high-school enrollment . 9 Average daily attendance . 10 Pupil-teacher ratio . 11 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES . 11 SMALL SCHOOLS . 12 NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM . 12 FINANCES OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 12 Receipts . 13 Total expenditures . 16 Current expenditures . 16 Average annual salaries of instructional staff . 16 Average current expenditure per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance . 18 Expenditures for pupil transportation . 18 Capital outlay . 19 Interest . 19 School property and other assets . 20 School indebtedness . 20 v YI CONTENTS Page PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR NEGROES . 20 The Negro total population and school-age population . 21 Enrollment in Negro elementary and secondary schools . 21 Attendance and length of school term . 22 High school graduates . 22 Instructional staff . 22 Finances . 23 NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCA¬ TION . 23 TEXT TABLES A. Enrollment, average daily attendance, and percent of pupils enrolled attending daily: 1909-10 to 1951-52 . 7 B. Enrollment, and percent change in enrollment between selected years, by grade: 1939-40 to 1951-52 . 8 C. Enrollment of the civilian noninstitutional population 5-17 years old, pubhc and nonpubhc schools, by age-group: Octo¬ ber 1951 . 9 D. Enrollment of boys and girls in grades 9 to 12 and percent change in enrollment between selected years: 1909-10 to 1951-52 . ' . 10 E. Revenue receipts, by governmental source: 1929-30 to 1951- 52 . 14 F. Revenue receipts, nonrevenue receipts, and balances on hand at beginning of school year: 1949-50 and 1951-52 . 15 G. Expenditures, by purpose: 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 17 H. Nonpublic (denominational and nonsectarian) schools: Esti¬ mated number of instructional staff and enrollment, by level: 1931-32 to 1951-52 . 24 BASIC TABLES 1. Historical summary of pubhc elementary and secondary school statistics: 1869-70 to 1951-52 . 25 2. Boards of education, and administrative staffs of intermediate and ultimate or basic administrative units, by State: 1951-52 . 28 3. Number of personnel in State departments of education, by State: 1951-52 . 30 4. Number of local basic administrative units, by type and by level of instruction offered, by State: 1951-52 . 32 CONTENTS VII Page 5. Distribution of local basic administrative units, by number of teaching positions, by State: 1951-52 . 34 6. Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants in full¬ time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52 . 36 7. Number of personnel engaged in health, transportation, cus¬ todial, and miscellaneous services in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52 . 38 8. Total population, school-age population, enrollment by grade group, and high school graduates, of full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52. . . . 40/ 9. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52. ... 42 10. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools: 1940-41 to 1951-52. . 44 11. Total number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1951-52. . 46 12. Ratio of pupils enrolled to total population and to school-age population in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1951-52 . 48 13. Enrollment, attendance, and membership in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52. . 50 14. Average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1870-71 to 1951-52 . 51 15. Average length of school term and selected data or school attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52 . 53 16. Total number of public elementary and secondary schools, and number of and enrollment in 1-, 2-, and 3 -teacher elementary schools, by State: 1951-52 . 54 17. Summary of revenue and nonrevenue receipts and balances on hand, by State: 1951-52 . 56 18. Revenue receipts from all services, by State: 1951-52 . 58 19. Percentage distribution of revenue receipts from public sources, by State: 1951-52 . 60 20. Nonrevenue receipts, by source, and balances on hand, by purpose, by State: 1951-52 . 62 / 21. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools, by State: 1951-52 . 64 22. Current expenditures for administration (general control), by major type of governmental unit, and by object, by State: 1951-52 . 66 1/ 23. Current expenditures for instruction, by State: 1951-52 . 68 VIII CONTENTS Page 24. Average annual salary per member of instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools by State; and personal income per member of labor force, con¬ tinental United States: 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 70 25. Current expenditures for operation, maintenance, and auxiliary services, by State: 1951-52 . 72 26. Current expenditures for fixed charges and expenditures for debt service, by State: 1951-52 . 74 27. Expenditures for capital outlay and value of school property, by State: 1951-52 . 76 28. Status of school bonds and other indebtedness, permanent school funds, and acres of school land, by State: 1951-52. . 78 29. Expenditures for public elementary and secondary education per capita of total population, per capita of school-age popu¬ lation, and per pupil in average daily attendance, by State: 1951-52 . 80 30. Current expenditure (allocable to pupil costs) per pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 82 31. Selected data on pupil transportation and school lunch pro¬ gram, by State: 1951-52 . 84 32. Public summer schools and adult education: number of teach¬ ers, enrollment, and expenditures, by State: 1951-52 . 86 33. Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1919-20 to 1951-52 . 87 34. Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants in full-time Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52. . . 88 35. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade group and by sex, and number of high school graduates in Negro public schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52 . . 89 36. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in full-time Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52 . 90 37. Total number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in full-time Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1940-41 to 1951-52. . 91 38. Enrollment and attendance (1951-52), and average length of school term (1919-20 to 1951-52), for Negro public day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia . . 93 CONTENTS IX Page 39. Total number of Negro public elementary and secondary schools, number of and enrollment in 1-, 2-, and 3 -teacher Negro schools, and pupil transportation data for Negro schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52 . 94 40. Total expenditures and current expenditures in Negro schools, by purpose, in 11 States and the District of Columbia keep¬ ing separate records: 1951-52 . 95 41. Capital outlay, debt service, and other expenditures in Negro schools in 10 States and the District of Columbia keeping separate records: 1951-52 . 96 42. Comparison of white and Negro enrollment, instructional staff, attendance, and unit expenditures, in public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52 . 97 43. Estimated number of instructional staff employed in nonpublic (denominational and nonsectarian) schools, by State: 1951- 52 . 98 44. Estimated number of pupils enrolled in nonpublic (denomina¬ tional and nonsectarian) schools, by State: 1951-52 . 100 45. Catholic elementary and secondary schools: Number of schools, teachers, and pupils: 1951-52 . 102 Technical Notes . 104 Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52: Organization, Staff, Pupils, and Finances THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is devoted almost ■ exclusively to data on the organization, staffing, enrollment, and finances of public elementary and secondary schools in the 48 States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying parts of the United States, for the school year 1951-52. A number of tables also give historical data for prior years — in some cases going back as far as 1869-70. In addition, a text table is included, based on data from the Bureau of the Census, which presents figures on the combined public and nonpublic school enrollment by age, as of October 1951. Some data are also given for public summer, adult, and evening schools, as well as for nonpublic elementary and sec¬ ondary schools. Nonpublic schools include both denominational and non¬ sectarian schools, but not private residential schools for exceptional children or private vocational and trade schools. Public schools not included in this chapter are (1) those operated directly by the Federal Government on military reservations and schools for Indians and Alaskan natives; (2) public residential schools for exceptional children; and (3) model or training schools attached to teachers colleges or universities. Figures for these schools are included, to the extent available, in "Statistical Summary of Education,” which constitutes Chapter I of the Biennial Survey of Education for 1951-52. Totals for the continental United States include the 48 States and the District of Columbia, but not the Territories or outlying parts. Direct comparisons should not be made between individual States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia, because the school system of the latter corresponds to that of other large cities rather than to that of an entire State, in which both rural and city schools are included. For some time the Office of Education, in conjunction with other agen¬ cies (particularly the State departments of education and the Council of Chief State School Officers), has encouraged the adoption of uniform terminology and definitions in school records, accounts, and reports. Handbook I, "The Common Core of State Educational Information” (Office of Education Bulletin 1953, No. 8), incorporates much useful information on the meaning of terms used in educational statistics which should prove helpful to the readers of this chapter. Data for this chapter were furnished by State and Territorial depart¬ ments of education to the Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The State reports were, in turn, based on data supplied by local or intermediate administrative units, and represent the cooperative efforts of an estimated 1,640,000 persons at the State, 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 county, and local levels, including superintendents, supervisors, princi¬ pals, teachers, and other instructional and noninstructional staff. It is important to recognize the difficulties that the States must overcome in their efforts to obtain complete and accurate information from the thousands of local units which must keep records that will permit them to report on a uniform basis the data needed for the effective planning of local and State educational programs. This report constitutes the only comprehensive, periodic summariza¬ tion of statistics of public elementary and secondary education in the United States. It furnished basic information for the formulation of educational policies and programs. A recapitulation of the principal items of information from 1869-70 through 1951-52 is given in table l.1 ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION The role of the State in the administration of the educational program is exercised through State hoards of education, chief State school officers, and State departments of education. State Boards of Education During the school year 1951-52, 40 States had State boards of educa¬ tion (table 2). These State boards exercised control over elementary and secondary schools, and, in some instances, over other types of schools. The State board of education was designated as the State board for vo¬ cational education in 37 of the 40 States having such boards. The 8 States with no boards of education had State vocational boards. Three States had separate boards for vocational education apart from their State boards. There was a wide range in the size of the hoards — the number of mem¬ bers ranged from 3 to 21. Almost half of the States reported that their boards (both State and vocational) were assisted by a total of 359 pro¬ fessional personnel and 339 clerical assistants. State Departments of Education Each State has a State department of education which is headed by a chief State school officer. Staffs of State departments totaled more than 7,500 individuals, consisting of approximately 3,300 supervisory and professional staff members, over 3,900 clerical assistants, and almost 400 plant operation and maintenance employees (table 3). Professional staffs of the State departments include superintendents or commissioners and their deputies, directors of divisions and chiefs of organized services, and regional and district supervisors. 1 Arabic numerals indicate basic tables which are found in the latter part of this chapter; capital letters refer to text tables. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 Intermediate Administrative Units Because most States operate their schools through many small school districts with limited resources, some intermediate unit of school admin¬ istration has been found desirable. Intermediate units for public-school administration, operating between the State and the local level, include counties, parts of counties, and supervisory unions. The main responsi¬ bility of intermediate units has been not the operation of schools but the rendering of consultative, advisory, and statistical services, and the exercise of regulatory and inspectorial functions. Many intermediate units provide services such as the supervision of instruction, health supervision, attendance service, and pupil transportation service. Less than a third of the States had intermediate boards of education, these States reported a total of approximately 6,300 hoard members (table 2). Staffs of intermediate units consisted of some 4,800 superintendents, supervisors, attendance officers, and other professional personnel; and almost 1,300 clerical assistants. Local Basic Administrative Units (School Districts) The actual operation of schools is generally the responsibility of local school systems in the various States. The local basic administrative unit or school district is an area that is organized as a quasi-corporation, under the jursidiction of a board of education responsible for the adminis¬ tration of all public schools in the area. School districts provide the machinery through which local control of schools is exercised, and are largely responsible for the location and size of schools, the types of educa¬ tional programs and services offered, and the amount of financial support to be provided locally. The size and characteristics of the local school districts vary from State to State. There has been a steady decline in the number of districts in recent years due to the reorganization and consoli¬ dation of smaller into larger units. The total number in the continental United States in 1951-52 was approximately 71,000, as compared with 83,000 in 1949-50, and 95,000 in 1947-48. Almost 99 percent of the total consisted of (a) independent units directly responsible to the State; (6) other local units (common school districts, towns, cities, etc.); and (c) intermediate units serving in some respects as basic units (table 4). In addition, the State itself may operate some schools directly (e. g., voca¬ tional schools, and schools in unorganized territory). The remaining 1 percent consisted of county units which served an entire county, or the entire county except those parts (typically cities) that are organized as independent units. Most school districts do not operate a complete educational program. Of the 71,000 school districts, 50,000 maintained elementary grades only, 19,000 maintained both elementary and secondary grades, and some 1,400 maintained secondary grades only. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 For the 39 States which supplied the pertinent information, table 5 reports the number of school districts employing no teachers (these are nonoperating districts), the number employing 1 teacher, the number employing 2 teachers, etc. These 39 States included a total of 53,000 local units; of these units, almost 9,000 did not employ any teachers (presumably all pupils were transported to other districts); more than 23,000 employed only one teacher; about 4,000 had two teachers; and almost 6,400 had between three and nine teachers. Only 20 percent of the school districts employed 10 or more teachers. These data show the predominantly small size of local basic units of school administration still prevalent in the various States, even though considerable progress has been made in the consolidation of small, inefficient units. Each school district has a school hoard, usually consisting of from 3 to 9 members vested with pohcy -making and supervisory authority; some districts have school trustees with more limited authority. The vast majority of school boards are elected by popular vote, while others are appointed by various government officials. There were approximately 220,000 school board members in 1951-52, some 60,000 or 21 percent fewer than in 1949-50. In addition, there were more than 29,000 local school trustees. The administrative staff reported for the local school districts consisted of more than 20,000 superintendents and professional personnel. There were also 6,400 attendance personnel and 16,000 clerical assistants; however, these figures are incomplete because some States did not report for these categories of personnel. Responsible to the local school districts was an instructional staff of 1,012,000 (consisting of supervisors, principals, teachers, librarians, and others engaged in the instruction process). Twenty -five States and the District of Columbia reported almost 13,000 full-time and part-time clerical assistants to instructional personnel (table 6). Noninstructional personnel employed in local school systems (table 7) are engaged in such activities as school health and recreation, pupil transportation, the school lunch program, and the operation and mainte¬ nance of the school plant. Thirty-five States and the District of Co¬ lumbia reported 163,000 full-time and 36,000 part-time noninstructional personnel but the information is known to be incomplete for some cate¬ gories of personnel. Taking into account the fact that 13 States did not collect any data on noninstructional personnel and some others only a part of the information, it is estimated that there were more than 300,000 employees in the continental United States engaged in such activities. When considering total personnel, including members of State boards, boards of intermediate units, and local boards of education (generally STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 serving without compensation), the administrative staffs in State, inter¬ mediate, and local offices of education, and the instructional and non- instructional staffs, it is found that more than 1,640,000 persons are directly concerned with the operation of the public elementary and secondary schools. It is significant that 99.5 percent of these individuals function at the local level. TEACHERS AND OTHER INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF Instructional staff, as the term is used in this chapter, refers to those personnel who render direct and personal services which are in the nature of teaching or the improvement of the teacher-learning situation. In¬ cluded, therefore, are supervisors of instruction, principals, teachers, guidance personnel, librarians, and psychological personnel. The duty of supervisors of instruction, including consultants, is to assist teachers in improving the learning situation and instructional methods at a par¬ ticular level or in a particular subject. Principals are the administrative heads of schools. They usually administer a building or a group of buildings with or without the aid of supervisors. Data on personnel are reported in terms of number of positions, rather than in terms of the number of individuals occupying those positions during the school year (the latter generally exceeds the former by a small amount). In 1951-52, the instructional staff (table 6) consisted of some 9,800 supervisors, 40,000 principals, and 963,000 teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff. They constituted a total of 1,012,000, an increase of 50,000 or 5.2 percent over 1949-50. The number of secondary teachers, the supply of whom was more or less in balance with demand, rose 5.9 percent, while elementary teachers, which have been in short supply for some years, showed an increase of only 5.1 percent. The percentage of men teachers declined from 42.8 in 1879-80 to 14.1 in 1919-20. In subsequent years the proportion of men teachers has fluctuated within a range of from 15.3 to 24.4 percent. In 1943-44, in the middle of World War II, men teachers constituted only 15.3 percent of the total. Since then there has been a steady increase — the percentage was 16.6 in 1945-46; 18.8 in 1947-48; 21.3 in 1949-50; and 24.4 in 1951-52. The percentage of men teachers in secondary schools is almost four times as great as in elementary schools. However, the gap has been narrowing, as evidenced by the rather large proportionate increase in the number of men elementary teachers between 1949-50 and 1951-52 (9.0 to 12.5 percent). The proportionate increase in men teachers in secondary schools was not as pronounced (from 43.8 percent in 1949-50 to 45.9 percent in 1951-52). 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 GROWTH OF SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION AND TOTAL POPULATION During the 80-odd years for which the Office of Education has been collecting educational statistics, there has been a marked increase in the number of children to be educated. However, the relative increase in the population of elementary -secondary school age (generally taken to comprise the ages 5 through 17) has not been as large as the increase in the total population. The total population quadrupled during the period, while the population aged 5 through 17 multiplied only two and a half times (table 1). This is largely accounted for by the increasing longevity of the total population, resulting from a declining mortality at both ends of the life span. The proportion that the population aged 5-17 is of the total population has declined steadily — from 31.3 percent in 1869- 70 to 20.3 percent in 1949-50; but rose slightly to 20.5 percent in 1951- 52. The population aged 5-17, which was about 12 million in 1869-70, increased steadily at a rate of about 3 million each decade until 1909-10, and then increased by 3.5 million between 1909-10 and 1919-20. The next decade saw the largest increase (3.8 million), which brought the total number of children aged 5-17 to 31.6 million by 1929-30. The size of this age group attained an all-time peak of 32.4 million in 1933- 34, and then went into a decline which lasted until the end of World War II. The upturn in the birthrate immediately following the war resulted in a successive increase in the size of the population aged 5-17. But it was not until the beginning of the school year 1951-52 that the number of children in this group (31.4 million) approached the level reached in 1934-36, when it had been 31.6 million. The increase is ex¬ pected to continue at an accelerated rate, at least through the remaining years of the present decade. Ratio of Public Elementary and Secondary Enrollment to Population Aged 5-17 The proportion of children aged 5-17 who were enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools increased steadily from 57.0 percent in 1869-70 to a peak of 85.3 percent in 1939-40 (table 1). The percentage fluctuated around a lower level during most of the 1940’s (it declined to 79.4 percent in 1947-48). However, the trend has been upward recently, the percentage rising to 81.6 in 1949-50 and 84.7 in 1951-52. An additional percentage of the group aged 5-17 is, of course, enrolled in the nonpublic schools. PUPIL ENROLLMENT IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS Total Enrollment Total enrollment in public elementary and secondary day schools has shown a more consistent growth, decade by decade, than has the popu- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 lation of elementary -secondary school age. From an enrollment of less than 7 million in 1869-70, the number had risen to 26.4 million in 1933- 34, a high which was not to be reached or surpassed until 1951-52. The lessened number of births during the depression years of the 1930’s and the unsettled conditions during the war years which followed resulted in a gradual decline in enrollments to a low7 of 23.2 million in 1944-45. The do wm ward trend in enrollments was reversed in 1945-46 and the subsequent growth has been at an increasing rate, reaching an all-time peak of 26.6 million in 1951-52 (table A). Table A. — Enrollment, average daily attendance, and percent of enrolled pupils at¬ tending daily, public elementary and secondary day schools: Continental United States, 1909-10 to 1951-52 Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent l average daily attend¬ ance is of enroll¬ ment Year 1 j Enroll- 1 ment (thou- | sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent average daily attend¬ ance is of enroll¬ ment 1 2 3 4 • 2 3 4 1900-10 17, 814 21, 578 25, 678 12, 827 16, 150 21, 265 22, 245 72.0 1942-43 24,155 23,267 23, 226 23, 300 20,293 19, 603 19, 671 19, 849 84. 0 1919-20 74.8 1943-44 84. 3 1929-30 _ 82.8 1944-45 _ 84. 7 1931-32 _ 26,275 84.7 1945-46, . . .... 85.2 1933-34 _ 26, 434 26,367 25, 975 25, 434 22, 458 22, 299 22, 298 22, 042 21, 547 21, 031 85.0 1946-47 ... 23, 657 23, 945 24,477 25, 111 25, 706 26, 563 20, 449 20, 910 21, 496 22, 284 22, 747 23, 257 86.4 1935-36 . 84. 6 1947-48 . 87.3 1937-38 85.8 1948-49 87.8 1939-40 _ 86.7 1949-50 _ 88.7 1940-41 . . 25, 296 24,562 85.2 1950-51 _ 88. 5 1941-42 _ 85.6 1951-52 _ 87.6 The 8.1 percent increase in total enrollment for the continental United States between 1941-42 and 1951-52 w as not general for all States (table 11). In fact, because of shifts in population, a dozen States experienced a net loss in enrollments during the 10-year period. Regionally, the Northeast1 2 was the only region that showed a loss (2.1 percent). At the same time, the West 2 showed a jump of 38.2 percent. It should be noted that the enrollment information in the Biennial Survey of Education is collected on a State-by-State basis, and represents a cumulative count of the total number of different pupils registered at any time during the school year in each State. Pupils enrolled in two or more States at any time during the school year are therefore counted more than once and this has a tendency to increase the total enrollment figure for the Nation by some 3 percent. While no data on total enroll¬ ments, excluding interstate transfers, are available for prior years, it has been estimated that the net enrollment in 1951-52 was 25,786,000, or 777,000 less than the 26,563,000 actually given in the various tables of this chapter. 1 See p. 104 for the States comprising each of the 4 geographic regions used in this chapter. 341365—55 - 2 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Elementary School Enrollment The peak enrollment in public elementary schools (kindergarten and grades 1 through 8) for the continental United States was reached in 1929-30 with a total of 21.3 million pupils (table 1). It declined in each subsequent year through 1944-45 (to 17.7 million), but has been rising steadily since then. There was an increase of 1.3 million pupils between 1949-50 and 1951-52 to a total of 20.7 million, reflecting the initial impact of the increased birthrate following World War II (table 1). The entire gain in total enrollment between 1939-40 and 1951-52 was accounted for by an increase of almost 10 percent in elementary enrollment (table B). During the 12 -year period the largest gains were registered in kinder¬ garten enrollments, which more than doubled, and in the second, third, fourth, and eight grades, where the percentage increases were 14.4, 16.6, 10.2, and 13.8, respectively. Enrollments in the first grade, how¬ ever, showed a loss of 2 percent, because the high retardation, which has been typical of that grade, has been reduced in recent years. Table 10 contains a breakdown of elementary and secondary enroll¬ ments, by grade, from 1940-41 to 1951-52; and table B supplements these data with percentage changes in grade enrollments for selected years. Table B. — Enrollment, public elementary and secondary day schools, and percent change in enrollment between selected years, by grade: Continental United States, 1939-40 to 1951-52 Enrollment (thousands) Percent change Grade 1939-40 1947-48 1949-50 1951-52 1939-40 to 1947-48 1947-48 to 1949-50 1949-50 to 1951-52 1939-40 to 1951-52 • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total enroll¬ ment... ... 25, 434 23, 945 25, 111 26, 563 -5.9 +4.9 +5.8 +4.4 Total ele¬ mentary enrollment. 18,832 18,291 19,405 20, 681 -2.9 +6.1 +6.6 +9.8 Kindergarten... _ 595 989 1, 034 1, 272 2, 957 +66.2 +4.6 +23.0 +113. 8 First grade. . . . 3, 018 2,951 3,170 -2.2 +7.4 -6.7 -2.0 Second grade _ 2, 333 2, 363 2, 645 2,670 +1.3 +11.9 +0.9 +14.4 Third grade . 2,332 2,259 2,396 2, 718 -3.1 +6.1 +13.4 +16.6 Fourth grade. . 2, 322 2, 183 2, 254 2, 559 -6.0 +3.2 +13.5 +10.2 Fifth grade . 2, 248 2, 055 2,151 2, 320 -8.6 +4.7 +7.9 +3.2 Sixth grade. . 2,176 1,940 2,056 2,166 -10.8 +6.0 +5.4 -0.5 Seventh grade. _ _ 2, 108 1,898 1,947 2, 083 -10.0 +2.6 +7.0 -1.2 Eighth grade _ 1, 701 1, 653 1,752 1, 936 -2.8 +6.0 +10.5 +13.8 Total sec¬ ondary en¬ rollment _ 6, 601 5, 653 5, 707 5, 882 -14.4 +1.0 +3.1 -10.9 First year _ _ 2, 011 1,673 1, 756 1, 820 -16.8 +5.0 +3.6 -9.5 Second year . 1, 767 1, 503 1,512 1,582 -14.9 +0.6 +4.6 -10.5 Third year _ 1,486 1, 272 1, 274 1, 338 -14.4 +0.2 +5.0 -10.0 Fourth year . 1,282 1,131 1, 123 1,111 -11.8 -0.7 -1.1 -13.3 Postgraduate.. . 55 75 42 31 +36. 4 -44.0 -26.2 -43.6 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 Table C presents Bureau of the Census data for October 1951 on the enrollment, by age -groups, of the civilian noninstitutional population 5 to 17 years old in public and nonpublic schools combined. Table C. — Enrollment of the civilian noninstitutional population , 5-17 years old, public and nonpublic schools, by age group: Continental United States, October 1951 Age group 1 Population (thousands) Enrollment (thousands) Percent of population enrolled 1 2 3 4 5 to 17 years . . . . . - _ 31, 629 28, 714 90.8 5 years _ _ _ _ 3, 009 1,620 53.8 6 to 13 years- . . . - . 20,162 19, 893 98.7 6 years . . . . . . . . 2, 725 2,615 96.0 7 to 9 years... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8,208 8, 125 99.0 10 to 13 years . . . . . . . 9,229 9,153 99.2 14 to 17 years . . . . . 8, 458 7, 201 85.1 14 to 15 years . . . . . . . . 4, 306 4,083 94.8 16 to 17 years . . . . . . 4,152 3,118 75.1 * Comparisons of the ages of the population and their normal level in school are based on the following assumptions: elementary-secondary school, 5 to 17 years old; kindergarten, 5 years old; elementary grades, 6 to 13 years old; and secondary grades, 14 to 17 years old. Source: Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 52, U. S. Bureau of the Census (based on sample survey of the population). Public High-School Enrollment (Grades 9-12 and Postgraduate) The enormous increase in the number of pupils enrolled in the last 4 years of the public high schools represents one of the major developments in the growth of the public school system. While the population aged 14-17 only doubled since 1879-80, enrollments in grades 9-12 (plus post¬ graduates) increased fifty -fold (table 1). The peak high-school enrollment (grades 9-12 and postgraduate) of 6,714,000 was reached in 1940-41, and then declined to a low of 5,554,000 in 1943-44 (table D). Since then the trend has been generally upward. The enrollmant of 5,882,000 in 1951-52 represents a postwar high, but is still some 800,000 under the record number in 1940-41. The greatly increased birth rate since the war will be reflected in much greater high school enrollments beginning about 1955-56. There is also a continuing tendency for a greater percentage of children of high-school age to attend high school. A more intensive analysis of conditions and developments in public high schools and more comprehensive data on enrollment by type of high -school organization (regular, junior-senior, etc.) are given in chapter 5 of this Biennial Survey, "Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52." The total enrollment figures for secondary schools in the present chapter, which are limited exclusively to the last 4 years of the secondary school system (and postgraduate) are therefore not comparable with the enroll¬ ment statistics appearing in chapter 5, which includes grades 7 and 8 of 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table D. — Enrollment of boys and girls in grades 9 to 12,1 public day schools , and per¬ cent change in enrollment between selected years: Continental United States , 7909-70 to 1951-52 Year Enrollments (thousands) Percent distribution Percent change from previous year Total Boys Girls Boys Girls i 2 3 4 5 6 7 1909-10. . . . 915 398 517 43.6 56.4 1919-20 _ _ 2, 200 992 1,208 45.1 54.9 140.4 1929-30.... . . . . 4,399 2,115 2,284 48.1 51.9 99.9 1931-32 . . . . 5,140 2, 531 2, 609 49.2 50.8 16.8 1933-34. . . . . 5, 669 2, 802 2, 867 49.4 50.6 10.3 1935-36 _ _ _ _ 5, 975 2, 949 3, 026 49.4 50.6 5.4 1937-38 _ _ 6, 227 3, 033 3,194 48.7 51.3 4.2 1939-40 . . 6, 601 3, 251 3, 350 49.2 50.8 6.0 1940-41 _ 6,714 3, 274 3, 440 48.8 51.2 1.7 1941-42 _ _ _ 6, 388 3, 090 3,298 48.4 51.6 -4.9 1942-43 _ _ _ 6,122 2, 892 3,230 47.2 52.8 -4.2 1943-44.. _ _ 5, 554 2, 554 3, 000 46.0 54.0 -9.3 1944-45... _ _ 5, 560 2, 566 2,994 46.1 53.9 0.1 1945-46 _ 5, 622 2, 633 2,989 46.8 53.2 1.1 1946-47 _ _ _ 5, 838 2, 823 3, 015 48.4 51.6 3.8 1947-48.... _ _ _ _ 5, 653 2, 747 2, 906 48.6 51.4 -3.2 1948-49 _ 5, 658 2, 759 2, 899 48.8 51.2 .1 1949-50 _ 5,707 2, 812 2, 895 49.3 50.7 .9 1950-51 _ 5, 806 2, 846 2, 960 49.0 51.0 1.7 1951-52 . . . 5,882 2,885 2,997 49.0 51.0 1.3 1 Includes postgraduate. In the case of 11-year school systems, the grades included are those of the 8th 9th, 10th, and 11th years. junior and junior-senior high schools. Furthermore, enrollment in indi¬ vidual high school grades may not be comparable, because of the differences in the source of the data. Thus in 1951-52, the figures for the individual grades were somewhat lower in chapter 5 than in the present chapter. Average Daily Attendance Basic data, by State, for analyzing the relationships between total enrollment and average daily attendance, aggregate days attendance, and length of school term are provided in tables 13, 14, and 15. These relationships show in quantitative terms the availability and use of school opportunities, and give rough measures of the holding power of the schools. The proportion of enrolled pupils attending daily reached 85 percent in 1933-34 and continued at about that level (with minor fluctuations) through World War II. The percentage increased to a peak of 88.7 in 1949-50 but declined to 87.6 in 1951-52 (table A). There has been a steady trend in the direction of longer school terms. This is illustrated by the fact that the average length of the school term has increased from 132.2 days in 1869-70, to 172.7 days in 1929-30, and 178.2 days in 1951-52. In 1951-52 there were only two States with an average length of school term of less than 170 days, as contrasted with 12 States in that category 10 years earlier. There has also been a continuing trend toward a greater number of days attended by each pupil enrolled. During the 10-year period from 1941-42 to 1951-52, the average number STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 of days attended increased from 149.6 to 156.0. The latter figure, however, represents a drop from the peak of 157.9 days recorded in 1949-50. Pupil-teacher Ratio The historical table on the number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher (excluding supervisors and principals), by State, which was shown in prior biennial surveys is discontinued in the present study. It has been observed that national averages and even averages on a state¬ wide basis tend to obscure the significant differences in pupil-teacher ratios, such as those between urban and rural areas, between large and small schools, and between elementary and secondary schools. Over the years there has been little change nationally in the pupil-teacher ratio. Based on average daily attendance, it was 25.2 in 1929-30, 25.2 in 1939- 40, 24.4 in 1949-50, and 24.2 in 1951-52. Based on enrollment, the pupil-teacher ratio was 30.1 in 1929-30, 29.1 in 1939-40, 27.5 in 1949-50, and 27.6 in 1951-52. It is generally known that the pupil-teacher ratio is considerably higher in elementary schools than in high schools. The extent of this difference cannot be readily determined from the data available in this chapter. However, it is possible to derive a pupil -teacher ratio for secondary schools by reference to "Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52,” Chapter 5 of this Biennial Survey. Because data for chapter 5 represent, for the most part, a count of secondary enrollment at the beginning of the school year, it is necessary to increase the total secondary enrollment figure of 7,688,919 by some 3.5 percent to arrive at a cumulative figure for the whole year, which will be comparable with the enrollment data in the present chapter. When the new total of 7,958,031 is divided by the 343,060 secondary school teachers shown in table 6, it results in a pupil-teacher ratio of 23.2. By subtracting second¬ ary enrollment from the total enrollment of 26,562,663, a figure of 18,604,- 632 for elementary enrollment is obtained. A pupil -teacher ratio for elementary schools may then be computed in the same manner as for secondary schools. In summary, the number of pupils per teacher in 1951-52, on an enrollment basis, was 27.6 for all schools, 30.0 for elemen¬ tary schools, and 23.2 for secondary schools. PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES The steady growth from year to year in the number of public high school graduates reached a peak of 1,161,000 in 1941-42. The number fell to less than a million both in 1943-44 and 1945-46; then moved up again to 1,073,000 in 1947-48, but has been declining somewhat since then. In 1951-52 there were 1,111,000 pupils enrolled in the last year of high school, of whom 1,056,000 or 95 percent were graduated (table 8). In 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 1941-42 only 91.2 percent were graduated. The number of graduates in 1951-52 represented 61.8 percent of the enrollment of the class entering the ninth grade in 1948-49, compared with 58.2 percent graduating ten years earlier. These percentages attest to the slowly increasing holding power of public high schools. SMALL SCHOOLS Small public schools, although decreasing in number due to consolida¬ tions and redistricting, still constitute a significant part of rural education. Thus, there were over 50,000 one-teacher schools in 1951-52, or about a third of all schools (table 16). Over 60 percent of the one-teacher schools were in the North Central region, where every 10th teacher was located in such a school. Based on the average enrollment of 16.5 pupils per one -teacher school for the 27 States reporting enrollment data, there were an estimated 837,000 pupils enrolled in one-teacher schools in the con¬ tinental United States, or some 4 percent of the total elementary enroll¬ ment. The average enrollment for the 25 States which submitted information on both the number of, and enrollment in, two-teacher schools was 45.2 pupils. For the 18 States submitting similar information on three -teacher schools, the average enrollment was 81.9. NATIONAL SCHOOL-LUNCH PROGRAM In June 1946, the 79th Congress passed Public Law 396, generally known as the National School Lunch Act, which provided for cash grants and for the allocation of surplus commodities for school-lunch purposes by the Department of Agriculture through State educational agencies. Federal assistance to school -lunch programs had been initiated in 1935 on a limited basis as one method of providing a market for surplus agri¬ cultural commodities. During 1951-52 the Federal contribution to the public schools in the national school -lunch program was $91.1 million (table 18), of which $14.9 million equaled the cost of the contributed commodities. All States have provided staffs for the supervision of this program. In 1951-52 almost 49,000 schools served lunches each day to an average of 7.3 million pupils (table 31). The peak number served on any 1 day during the year totaled 8 million. FINANCES OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION Every year the citizens of the country invest huge sums of money in the education of young people in public elementary and secondary schools. In the 1951-52 school year alone, total expenditures for all purposes STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 amounted to $7.3 billion; the valuation of all school plants was estimated at $14 billion. A major problem of all levels of government and the general public is that of raising the money to pay the higher costs of public education required by expanding enrollments and the need for new school buildings. An analysis of public school finances for the school year 1951-52, including comparisons for earlier years, shows where the money comes from and how it is spent. In any historical review of school finances allowance must be made for the depreciation in the value of the dollar. Thus, the dollar in 1952 bought only slightly more than half the commodities and services that could be purchased for a dollar in 1939. Only in tables 1 and 24 are any expenditure data presented in both current and "adjusted” dollars. They do, however, indicate the nature of the problem in making financial figures over a period of years more meaningful. In addition to increased school enrollments and the inflation of the dollar, a number of other factors have contributed to higher school ex¬ penditures over the years. These are (1) schools are in session for longer terms; (2) teachers are receiving higher salaries; and (3) the educational program has been expanded to include many additional subjects and services. Receipts School income is classified into two broad categories: revenue and nonrevenue receipts. Revenue receipts, which constitute the major portion of school income, are additions to assets which do not increase the school indebtedness and do not represent exchanges of school property for money. They are derived more or less regularly from specific sources, such as appropriations from general funds of Federal, State, county, and local governments, receipts from taxes levied for school purposes, income from permanent funds and endowments, income from leases of school lands, and such miscellaneous sources as tuition, interest on bank deposits, and gifts. Receipts from appropriations and taxation constituted 92 percent of all revenue receipts during the 1951-52 school year. Revenue receipts have shown a steady upward trend since World War II; in 1951-52, total revenue receipts amounted to $6.4 billion as compared with $5.4 billion in 1949-50 (table E). However, the percents of increase have been declining. Thus the percentage increase between the successive bienniums from 1945-46 to 1947-48, 1947-48 to 1949-50, and 1949-50 to 1951-52 were 40.9, 26.1, and 18.1, respectively. Over the years a considerable shift has been taking place in the sources of public revenue, of which school revenue represents only one part. The tax on real property, generally levied by local governmental units, was the major tax source for school purposes in the past. In recent 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table E. — Revenue receipts , public elementary and secondary school systems, by governmental source: Continental United States, 1929-30 to 1951-52 Source 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 Amount (thou¬ sands) Percent Amount (thou¬ sands) Percent Amount (thou¬ sands) Percent Amount (thou¬ sands) Percent > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total _ $2, 088,557 100.0 $2,260, 527 100.0 $2, 416, 580 100.0 $2,604,322 100.0 Federal _ _ 7, 334 0.4 39, 810 1.7 34, 305 1.4 35,886 1.4 State - 353, 670 16.9 684, 354 30.3 759, 993 31.5 859, 183 33.0 County. . . . 216, 747 10.4 151,097 6.7 150, 223 6.2 146, 243 5.6 Local and private 1, 510, 806 72.3 1,385, 266 61.3 1,472,058 60.9 1, 563, 010 60.0 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1951-52 Amount Amount Amount Amount (thou¬ Percent (thou¬ Percent (thou¬ Percent (thou¬ Percent sands) sands) sands) sands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total _ $3, 059, 845 100.0 $4, 311, 534 100.0 $5, 437, 044 100.0 $6,423, 816 100.0 Federal... _ _ 41,378 1.4 120, 270 2.8 155,848 2.9 227, 711 3.5 State - 1,062, 057 34.7 1,676, 362 38.9 2,165,689 39.8 2, 478, 596 38.6 County _ 185, 097 6.0 229, 761 1 5.3 328, 849 6.0 386, 812 6.0 Local and private 1 . _ 1,771,312 57.9 2, 285, 141 53.0 2,786,618 51.3 i 3,329,609 51.8 1 Revenue receipts from private sources contribute a fraction of 1 percent of total revenue receipts; thus the proportion was .02 percent in 1951-52. years, however, a marked trend has been noted toward the utilization of Federal and State governments as taxing agencies because they can effectively tax other major sources of wealth. Such taxes include cor¬ porate and individual income taxes and inheritance taxes at the Federal level, and income taxes, sales taxes, and gasoline taxes at the State level. With the shift of national wealth to sources other than real property. State and Federal taxes constitute a larger part of the revenue dollar, and county and local taxes proportionately less. Receipts from local sources, however, although a decreasing proportion of the total, still accounted for 51.8 percent of total revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary school systems in 1951-52 (table 19). Ten years earlier local receipts constituted 60.9 percent. Receipts from the Federal Government, although an increasing proportion of the total, play a relatively minor role, constituting but 3.5 percent of the total in 1951-52. It should be noted that Federal support of education was all designated for specific purposes such as aid to Federally affected areas, vocational education, and the school-lunch program, and not for general aid. The percent of revenue receipts derived from State sources increased from 31.5 percent in 1941-42 to 38.6 percent in 1951-52 (table E). In the latter year, the extent of State support by regions varied from 29.5 percent in the North Central region to 55.4 percent in the South. County STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 receipts, which accounted for over 10 percent of total revenue receipts in 1929-30, have leveled off at about 6 percent during the last decade. Revenue receipts from private sources such as philanthropic foundations amounted to a little more than a million dollars, representing only 0.02 of 1 percent of total revenue receipts (table 18). Nonrevenue receipts are those receipts which either incur a future obligation or change the form of an asset from property to cash and therefore decrease the amount and value of school property. Money received from loans, sale of bonds, sale of property purchased from capital funds, and proceeds from insurance adjustments constitute most of the nonrevenue receipts. Since nonrevenue receipts are generallv used for capital outlay purposes, such receipts have fluctuated with the amount of school building activity. After reaching a low of $94.8 million in 1943-44, reflecting the curtailment of the school building program during the war, nonrevenue receipts rose markedly during the postwar period and reached a peak of $1.2 billion in 1951-52. The increase is expected to continue for a number of years until the supply of school - housing is more in balance with demand. Balances on hand which are carried over from the previous year and are therefore available for spending during the current year constitute an important part of total school revenues. In 1951-52, balances amounted to $1.7 billion or approximately 18 percent of the total amount of $9.4 billion available for spending (table F). In most cases, such bal¬ ances are earmarked for specific purposes. For the 37 States reporting balances by purpose, 40 percent of the balances carried over were for current operation, 40 percent for building reserves, and 20 percent for serial bond interest and redemption (table 20). Table F. — Revenue receipts , nonrevenue receipts, and balances on hand at beginning of school year, public elementary and secondary school systems: Continental United States, 1949-50 and 1951-52 [Amounts in thousands of dollars] Item 1949-50 1951-52 Percent change 1949-50 to 1951-52 1 2 3 4 Total amount available _ Revenue receipts . . . . . From taxation and appropriations . . . . . From all other sources _ _ _ _ _ _ Nonrevenue receipts . . . . . $7,715,855 $9, 368, 270 +21.4 5, 437, 044 6, 423, 816 +18.1 Ox O coJS OO to to O Ox 5,913,068 510,748 ! +17.7 +23.5 963, 978 1,213,068 | +25.8 From bonds and loans.. . . . . . . . 863,120 100, 857 1,045,165 | 167,903 [ +21.1 +66.5 From all other sources . . . . . . Balances on hand, beginning of year. . . . . . . 1,314,833 1, 731, 386 +31.7 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Total Expenditures A grand total of $7.3 billion was spent in 1951-52 for public elementary and secondary schools, an increase of 25.8 percent over the $5.8 billion spent in 1949-50. Included in the grand total are current expenditures, interest, and capital outlay for full-time day schools and also expenditures for summer, evening, and adult classes (table 21). A breakdown of the total into its component parts, for selected years, is given in table G. Current Expenditures Current expenditures, which represent the day -by -day spending of the schools, amounted to $5.7 billion in 1951-52, or 77.9 percent of all ex¬ penditures. Ten years earlier the proportion was 89 percent, due to the lesser proportion that capital outlay was of the total during World War II (table G). While expenditures for the six major accounts into which current ex¬ penditures are classified have shown increases in dollar amounts, the rela¬ tive proportion of each account has been changing in recent years. The proportion of expenditures for administration or general control at the State, intermediate, and local levels has declined from 4.6 percent of total expenditures in 1945-46 to 3.6 percent in 1951-52 (table 22). The total cost of instruction includes not only salaries, which represent the largest single item of educational cost, but also free textbooks, teaching supplies, school library books, and other instructional supplies and ex¬ penses. Instruction expenditures declined proportionately from 63.8 percent in 1945-46 to 51.5 percent in 1951-52. The relative expenditure for plant operation, which includes salaries of janitors, fuel, water, power, supplies, etc., has declined to a level of about 7 percent in 1951-52. The proportion of current expenditure for plant maintenance and repairs has shown little change over the years. In 1951-52 it constituted 3.4 percent of the total. The decline in the relative importance of the accounts referred to above has been offset by the growth of spending for auxiliary services, including such items as health services, school lunches, pupil transportation, and community services. These services are becoming of increasing signifi¬ cance as a result of expanding concepts of the role of the school. Auxiliary services accounted for 7.8 percent of total expenditures in 1951-52. Like¬ wise the proportion of expenditure for fixed charges (State and local payments to teacher retirement funds, insurance premiums, and rent) has more than doubled since 1929-30, with most of the increase taking place up to 1943-44. In 1951-52, fixed charges represented 4.7 percent of total expenditures. Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff Beginning with the year 1919-20 the Office of Education has collected data on salaries of total instructional staff (supervisors, principals, [Amounts in thousands of dollars) STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 “o c o V. v. o c Ql 5 _g> 61 y 3 a 1951-62 QC s «» 7,313,805 5, 722, 162 265, 636 3, 781,837 508, 575 248, 674 575, 839 341,601 1,477, 332 114,310 30, 432 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 100.0 99.6 77.9 CMOO^OON co i-4 co co ^ to 20.1 1.6 .4 1949-50 - CD r** J® GO U5 a©- 5,802,028 4, 687, 274 220,050 3,112, 340 427, 587 214,164 451,663 261,469 1,014,176 100,578 35,614 100.0 99.4 80.3 00 CO CO to coco^cor^ 17.4 1.7 .6 1945-46 «© r» ao ao CO ® os 1 2,895,410 2, 707, 441 132,899 1,853, 911 270, 280 101,254 213, 617 135, 480 111,046 76,923 11,477 100.0 CO C5 05 s CO OO CO to co ^ CO 05 CO ^ 00 CO co c4 * 1943-44 »D GO to s ** rf 1 2,443,998 2, 293, 337 110, 631 1,590, 634 238, 774 77, 324 169, 523 106, 452 53, 856 96, 805 8, 583 100.0 99.7 93.5 to 05 CS 05 CO ^ ^ 05 co cd ^ CO 05 CO • HNiO 05 05 CO co~ oT cm" 00 lO CM CO 00 r-Tid^i-T 00 F'- CO lO CO O. Si t- 03 S' W O g 53 T* "O ®3 g 'O-jJ 03 CO Q. OT ft 2 X ‘§§2 2 03 3 o^gs £ A ^-4 £-4 fl 53 t3 § £ g 3 ° m X 03 ^ ££££ 1-§§° d s OS . . . o hNhOO lO H CO - ROCOCO OOHOH lO H CO - S2S3 S o >»ft _ . „ E3 ogBQ ® O U is-*2 a--. Mx) s^s § So © >o ooo '■.s *d g CO 4J hi i ; ® ® S S i i eg Q, £2 & ! >1,0,2 13 !^fl s a"o a> co ®,£3 gen O-l | <3 "3 Ph > c3 2 in o ^5 co ■So <4-1 t- ?JS Si |S S& a, - ft® >»a -1 a3 .3 > S —Ipui 52^ CMCOiH CO lO 1C 00 00 CO ils- O 05 lO IS- ^ T* . . 00 CO 00 - 00 O CO $871 9. 80 53.52 64. 16 1C s 00 CM I cd CM CO 1C Tt< N H CM 00 CO CM £ CM* CM lO 3 §?5 CM* CO* lO CO 1 ^ 05 lO i !>• !cm* 05 T#< ! 1C 00 CO i lO s8 II o SXc3 rt ft © a ® (--23 ° e © ?§ 33 3 fto ® o STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 Table 2. — Boards of education , and administrative staffs of intermediate and ultimate or basic administrative units, by State: 1951-52 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 ~2 S a O 8 H tnB n«> I II o* II Tt< T e* * ic . COOOOOO g! sS fa *3 © Cl “ &.S S3 B O o'g 3 ci ® 03 b m -2 m a a ot ?ss 00 0>WNWh05000^W( ^8§223£2°i§2! as S.g PX5 !l| i a D fcj c3 o +3 JOO^CJ -«.Q.a o « 'G5 1CM wo5»oaNNONc hM^OO^OOh CO rH N © CO O 00 •H00© "noV 0 co ® ® h-wT} 53 4)*J 5 ® d ® Ok. ca -^xs-3 3x2*3 o *0 • I W ' I o §£ ii s| ■2° 3 cl itS.8 1» s 0 2 © - S’0 ©OOMNWONN ©ioowt^oot^oo'i-‘Ot^>-' <0 »— l CO CO«rt lift eS-d flS J ^hS g •«h>s>'£®s w is ili^pa ° q eg c3 ® 4) © S'® © W o fc !p- l-S’S §25^x0 ||^SSla«8||l South... . . . .1 456 l 146 I 167 I 143 I 2,337 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 OO^COOOOh^N^O^CNO^ 1-4 ^ CM CM CM CO CM CM CO CO CO 05 CO T-H 1^1^005 «=0 00^ 05 CO 05 CO GO 05 1 CO ^ CM»OCMCO cm £2 jOCOWOONOOOOiO. »-h CO hCSC^N WrtNCSf i-h CO co IOWCOCOWOONO^O»HOOCGOO INOOO^OOtJ-NphO^^^iC-hh .10 oNaoco^oooo^oo NN^CC^ON. Tf NCNNOO. NNhOOO 10 100*0 CO O 00 »— t to ! i l 1 H *0 O 1 w • 1 ! 10 ■ I ^ • 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 j ; II ; ; ; 1 1*000 1 r-H 1 1 • CM CM O j CO • ! ! cm : IIS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM • ! ■ !!!*"! cm I i^cTcO ■ *o • II 11 ill i ill 5LOiO^HCSOOOCO»OCO^' J.'OIONCOCCOOOONX: COOhCh^OChOOI COO(Nr-OiC®CON coccoo^.rc*oo oot'-co^cocciococM CO^r-T^ CO 82 i05vO»OON^NCOCOCOC5i IVONONO ^HTj> c3 ^ O* ^ mm'&i '=> Vi © a | g^. ‘ " - - ^QfcCW^SSfcOoa :* c3 px3 0.2 2 o §|§s to a ss = s o Q h «iooSSfcfcoP££ .sb 3§ 3o s § «g ||2 !§s Wf*<> 1 Includes some supervisory and attendance personnel. i Does not Include vocational. * y°*c.atlo*n j1 board only' 8 Includes operation and maintenance employees. * Estimated. # Data for 1949-50. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Number of personnel in State departments of education, by State: 1951-52 [See table 2 for personnel of State boards of education] Chief State school officer and his profes¬ sional staff Full¬ time re¬ gional and dis¬ trict Clerical assist¬ ants Operation and maintenance force Region and State Total Full¬ time Part- time admin¬ istra¬ tive super¬ visory per¬ sonnel Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States.- 7,577 2, 937 17 310 3, 753 191 359 10 Northeast _ _ 2, 688 983 7 18 1,528 54 98 177 65 12 99 1 80 35 6 39 163 1 107 52 4 New Hampshire... . . 47 22 25 206 68 85 53 1,600 331 525 981 94 120 211 30 9 5 16 54 32 2 20 North Central. . . . . 1,238 606 2 22 575 7 26 296 1 240 51 5 Indiana . . . . . 59 16 41 2 Iowa _ 100 31 11 58 Kansas _ _ 49 25 24 Michigan . . . . . 141 68 73 Minnesota. . . . . . 111 53 57 1 Missouri _ _ _ 80 23 11 38 4 4 Nebraska _ _ _ _ 52 25 25 2 North Dakota . . 21 8 13 Ohio ... 196 54 142 South Dakota . . 35 19 1 15 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ 98 44 2 52 South . . . . 2,539 850 6 264 1,067 108 234 10 Alabama. . . 150 46 104 Arkanas . . . . 87 31 4 43 7 2 Delaware _ _ _ _ 71 35 1 34 1 Florida . 142 42 63 32 4 1 Georgia . . . 360 25 1 37 92 11 189 5 Kentucky. . . . 91 42 40 1 7 1 Louisiana _ _ 249 119 130 Maryland _ _ 87 41 1 45 Mississippi _ 75 39 34 2 North Carolina . . 71 25 16 29 1 Oklahoma . _ _ 130 39 36 53 2 South Carolina .. 147 39 27 55 25 1 Tennessee _ _ _ 165 35 2 40 77 1 9 1 Texas . . . . . . 332 91 46 151 33 11 Virginia. _ 325 i 174 58 93 West Virginia. 57 27 l 24 3 2 District of Columbia ... West _ _ _ _ 1,112 498 2 6 583 22 1 Arizona _ _ _ 40 13 27 California.. _ . _ 641 304 337 Colorado _ _ 48 l 24 24 Idaho 49 25 23 1 Montana _ _ _ _ _ 72 24 1 34 12 1 Nevada 28 10 5 8 5 New Mexico 1 39 14 25 Oregon. _ _ 73 30 43 Utah 41 21 20 Washington 49 19 30 Wyoming _ 32 14 2 12 4 Data for 1949-50. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 Table 3. — Number of personnel in State departments of education, by State: 1951-52 — Continued Chief State school officer and his profes¬ sional staff Full¬ time re¬ gional and dis¬ trict Clerical assist¬ ants Operation and maintenance force Region and State Total run¬ time Part- time admin¬ istra¬ tive super¬ visory per¬ sonnel Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Outlying parts of the United States: Alaska _ .. _ _ . 14 4 10 Canal Zone - 17 7 9 1 Guam _ _ 68 8 14 46 Hawaii 1 _ 118 56 62 Puerto Rico _ 593 142 186 230 35 Virgin Islands . . __ 6 2 2 2 i Data for 1949-50. Table 4. — Number of ultimate or basic administrative units, by type and by level of instruction offered, by State: 1951-52 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 1 Includes 28 districts which did not operate a school. 2 Data from U. S. Bureau of the Census. * Includes 137 districts which did not operate a school. Table 5. — Distribution of ultimate or basic administrative units , by number of teaching positions, by State: 1951-52 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 *3888 -||88 28&82 «og. S2§( 12I" n s :g ISSSs ^ 2^ ©0050HWWO’ >CgTf«»OONC> S232^°8' 2|8822^£3 828828^28 !8£2^S :8?5 888S28 S§8888 21I1”2 ~~1 £8 li^ll-l; CC^TrH o Orn ill Eh>^ !« . __ji?j§& o' 1 1 jll k oS g5 II of 402 iN i CO CO iCO i • If 00 1 00 1 l>- 1 CO 1 i 8 ::::::: : *° ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; : Full¬ time QO 05 CO CO © | 3,044 oo oo ! co © ! c -<«r V rtT tjT 0 05HO 0=0®^^ 05 l> 00 to" 8 tO 8 CO co 1 ! • i 00 1 » 1 h*t , i i * i i 1 00 o ^ IO r-H i | ! ^ I to 19, 432 CO »OOON 1 00 O SSo |85 ^H CO s ^ i-h"co" t i i ||s lO r- o CM co 1 lO i < o2£5 -h CO g 00 oooio oo X o oo 05 - SS10 : II ^ o 00 TT CO 1 40, 862 CM CO »o of OOMOCONCO»O^ONO^^ h* CO^XClCSC^COONOCOrf t^CMcOCMCOtOtOCMcOOO © r>- to 1-H cf cm" CO cm" CO CO cm" »-h cm" 1-h" II 8 CO cm" Orf ^CONC^ 1 05 CO i-H CO ' ^ CO CO 05 1-H j eS 05 05 CO 1 > II 00 1 ° CM r-H IO 1-H IO ; 00 00 CO Tf< CM tO 1 1 CO ■ 1 1 1 II ^ 8 306 cm CO CM • oo «o | CO CO 1-H 8 | II 1 O 05 10 ££ >0 CM i-H CM coco 00 CO 1^ 05 ^ 05 »o CO CO II CM a II O Hf iO CO o CO CM CM II "I1 II : CM cm F 1 CM 1 | i 05 CM r-H F 1-H IO < i 1 CO CM cm s 8 g®^ i | 2 CO s CM CO • 1 05 cm O CO CM CM CM 88° i II CM 8 co 3 tO ^ to SN2 : || CN 17, 4271 1 883SS CO 05 o 1 o CD t-h 358 0^0 1 CO CO 00 ' OiO^ i oo" H cm" II ^ F li - IO 05 1-H oo 02 00 co co o CM fH CO to" 94, 425! CNN000010050H05000CHCO o 05 O CO CO CO 00 OO O 05 00 CO tc — ( ^ o tO 00 CO 05 ^ CO CO CO CO CO © CO —< 05 05 • i-T co »o 05" cm" co of tC co" of of to" co i oo CM CM 00 lO Tf r-t lO C5 coco*ox»oo iOOOH00*O ® HH COi-T | NhcOOCM N'tHcON 40 ^ c 1 l c 3 » 3 l \\ 3 C 3 C 5 \ P ! 3 „ 5 o i'b t 3 0 l i >.C s|j 3 c3 *: & .© c 3 t: 1 : 2 "j 3 '<■ : « 2 C 3 -0 3.2 : • c il rC T 2 c s ; c 3 !£ 3 !? 2 c3 *■ I« * 03 + 33? \l J 0 i s 3 c 1 ■2 : o ! ! ! .2 ! : : : -2 : : : : 1 : ii*D i ; ! os o ! : \'B o : ; :'m o : 2.s^ -g : S i c ; c 8 u j a ! 0 ; c > = is 1 H 3 £ > Q li y 0 S3 (w •• w O 6 « «S S« al “c — « « s£ c o * 3 ! 3 J 3 : j c jp :3 < 1 0 il ij ? c 3 : OOWPh> & I r) o ■oS ® co II « a® - m aO T3: 39 341365—55 4 Table 8. — Total population , school-age population , enrollment by grade group, and high-school graduates, of full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52 [Figures in thousands, except for high-school graduates] High-school graduates BIENNIAL 3 o SUE US iVEY eo | 60 CO CO US | »© 138, 197 O EDUCATION, cocMi-it-usr^ousoo [ 00^HCDN(N(N»O(NC4 ON WDfNcDOOCO co co co T-fcoofo csTr-T 1 195 05 us CD 0-52 USOCUS^H^t^-^CMt^OO^CM | ©O5CMCMt*4USUSCDO5©t}<00 1 CDCDr-CS^OOOO^DCOrHN cf co" CO CD" cf gT co" uf 1 Boys 2 eO C* US 123,819 5, 783 3,135 13, 698 1,746 15,143 44, 406 37, 068 1,729 1,111 167, 889 USUSCD05CMOUSCMUSCM0505 h us O US CM O 05 O 00 CO us o CM^iqOOCMOO.'OOCDOCO 1 oT 05" co" cm" cm" cd cm"cd cm%* CM 1— in CM »— ih ^ CM w p-h I Total eo 1, 055, 586 262, 016 12,766 6,847 29, 959 3, 723 31,368 94, 033 77,127 3,754 2, 439 344,486 OCOhOCDND-^WOCOh CM US CO CO CD US ^ CD 00 05 O 05 OOr-CDCMTf ONCOC050N 00 uf co" 00 US CD cd" cm" us" us cd" of us CO CM CM CM r-i US CM Secondary enrollment (9th grade through post graduate) Girls r» 05 05 of 718 34 19 82 10 83 261 212 3 11 7 898 COCD05T^COCDCDO^USUSCO USOOUS^CMCDP-CO^USr-tU- Boys - US GO GO of CD CD ^NND^ODhCD u- co-oo °°c32;r SB OOCDOOUSCDCO^OCOOO^CM USOOO^CMCDNCOr^TfrHN Total o OS GO GO » Jo C? C§ » CO S 05 0 os w 1 Total elementary and second¬ ary enrollment * Girls CD GO OS of 2,818 149 84 316 37 347 1,019 785 49 31 3,652 *601 364 241 180 *559 251 329 113 *58 639 60 255 Boys 13,534 2,919 CDNhDCDO^W W ^4 USOO^COCD^OUSCO o 1H CO CO O 00 || GO r-T CO" CMUSCOOcDOTfOG5^i-HUS CM00USO5U-cD^CMUSCDCDCD CD CO CM i-4 US CM CO pH w CD CM Total OS CO US «o | OS 5,737 305 171 657 76 714 2,059 - 1, 589 101 64 7, 453 ^OiOOUSNCOCONCOhO CMUSO5t'-C0r-*t''-COr— ‘OCMCM NN^COh^cOCMhCOhUJ Esti¬ mated school- age popu¬ lation (5-17 years in¬ clusive), July 1, 1951 i CO 05 os 1 OS | 7,253 369 193 856 105 865 2, 577 2,064 141 81 8, 947 1,606 820 542 392 1,348 637 776 272 146 1,557 143 714 Esti¬ mated total popula¬ tion excluding armed forces overseas, July 1, 1951 i eM 153,383 39,765 OOfcOTftlOrHCOr-'CMCO ©Q0t^USC5O5USU-CO I cf ^ Tfrfo" 45, 135 CD 05 05 ^4 0 CD CD CO CM CO 1-4 l OCDthiO^OO^OCD^OO I 00 O CD 05 US 0 O CO CD O CD ^ oo"^"cm"i-Tcd CO rtTi-T 00 co" Region and State - Continental United States _ Northeast . . . Connecticut . . Maine-. . . . Massachusetts . New Hampshire _ New Jersey . . New York . Pennsylvania. . Rhode Island _ _ Vermont . North Central . . Illinois . . . Indiana.. . . Iowa.. . Kansas . . . Michigan _ _ Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska . . North Dakota _ Ohio. . South Dakota . . Wisconsin.. . . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 163, 940 *11,256 7,647 1,152 9, 581 8, 358 9, 708 8, 319 6, 611 7,605 18, 378 10, GOO *7,653 *11,804 23, 046 11,263 9,115 1,844 75,129 O^CO^hXOCMNOCO lO^OOXrHiCCM^XO tOCOOr-tOCOXCMOtOX cm" IsT to" x" cm" cm" co" 05" i-T X oo CM 05X005 Cm"t*T 1 Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census (Current Population Reports, Series P-25, families, total enrollment exceed the school-age population. The estimated total net Nos. 84 and 87.) enrollment (Ei) in continental United States (excluding transfers between States) is * Enrollment figures for a given State include pupils who enrolled for the first time in 25,786,000. the United States during the school year and pupils who were previously enrolled in 8 Sex distribution estimated, another State. Since enrollment is a cumulative total (the number increases but 4 Data as of April 1, 1950. never decreases), care should be exercised in relating pupils enrolled to the total school-age 8 Source: Annual Report of the Governor of American Samoa, 1952. population (ages 5-17 inclusive), which represents an estimate as of 1 day during the .T ^ _ , . _ . . , . year. Hence, it is possible that in those States having a large proportion of migrant Note. Due to rounding, detail may not add to totals. s o S3 OOOQONNp-OO-'XNlOOOlONtDlO .-H OOOfflONOlN’f^'O'l'ON^r-O! O XNffl.'OtDffl'fN^-tDNiOC'IOOOM CO ©co oo oVfflio ® eooxf cTg-''afi>r — " I r TjT co" CM cm" to" t}T aT t— T X to o CM O^tOON ^ to to CM ^ CM X 05 cm" cm" 301,032 1 ^NOOOOOlNNPOOiOHOMOO *0 2 cS 2 CO 05 « 2 CO © 00 -1 ^ CM 05 X 1-1 X X O co X X O X o ^ r- O'. O H rjTtC X 05 MMONOCONOJNiOOJOOOSCOOH *h t>. tt< CO *0 30 CO ^ O *0 CD tT CO »0 »— i CO ^ ^ CO CO X 2g822^2Ss5§^ 1-1 CM to ! rH CM l i i CO OB 00 QOcO^ONWOOOOiHOOOOHO © *0 ^ to to ^ ^ CO ^ X CD CO CO CO ^ r-i CO © NCDXNX^iOtOHNN hOCShh h X CM to T__< ©• «o oo rH CM O l H X 1 1 X oo NNhNOO>ONN^OCOOOONcD h CCOOr^T.-lNOOSNOOOWOOWSS01 1 CM © X XCCOXNXOOCMX'f X X to X CM XcOtTOh X WHasH s CO ^ o* a> co co co oo ao a> oo oo co »o co co © COOhOOCIO^h^CCOOCiOO ^ 1 CMr- CSCO(NClHNCOHC4CDOC^rH j v» « o 05 X N^ONO^Tf Table 9. — Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1951-52 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Post¬ grad¬ uate 00 •ft •ft eft eft 1,296 I> O O 00 •O O i . c CO O i U- 'CO 29, 240 i r isi i ; i ; s§ «* : i® : i i i Fourth year - 1,110,638 276,132 13, 414 7,191 34, 861 3, 908 33, 580 93, 732 81, 831 5,067 2, 548 353, 317 IssllSss is S'S'S'S'S'S'SS “'S' »•£ I Third year CD 1,337,939 331, 717 15, 242 8, 395 39, 276 4,404 38, 029 124, 155 94, 509 4,742 2, 965 407,128 llillalS 8s Ss s'gss's's's'a “'s' -I I h P»> •ft ft? ft? GO •ft 382,263 17, 482 9,386 44, 446 4, 865 44, 530 140, 602 111,796 5,736 3, 420 469, 252 78, 866 45, 921 31,036 23, 494 64, 880 34, 059 38, 435 15,414 7, 192 82, 162 7,751 40, 042 I First year ft? eft 05 OO 422,425 19, 649 11,163 50, 065 5, 470 50, 673 152, 599 122, 170 6,686 3, 950 526, 321 IlsSili! IS is SS'S'SK'S'3'2' “8 “'5 Total second¬ ary eft 5, 881, 797 1,413, 833 65, 864 36, 205 169, 458 18, 682 166, 912 511, 088 410, 480 22, 231 12. 913 1, 785, 258 311,478 172,020 116,640 88,895 249, 583 128, 896 150, 408 59, 269 27,438 303, 438 29, 475 147, 718 Eighth grade ft? 1, 935, 625 412,885 20, 777 12, 983 46, 138 5, 894 47, 634 138, 797 128, 314 7,301 5, 047 546, 175 87, 753 57,007 36, 761 27, 441 79, 952 37, 789 47, 796 17, 017 9,723 99, 129 9, 480 36,327 Seventh grade 3 eft eft •ft So ft? 428,212 21,289 13, 602 48, 440 6,109 49, 550 144, 041 131,690 7, 929 5, 562 569, 144 silslSls ss §1 S‘S‘fe‘S'SIS‘3'5' “"§' "S' J Sixth grade S •ft CD ft? 425,289 22,126 13, 506 48, 386 6,166 50, 785 149, 297 121,513 7, 723 5,787 580,523 93, 864 61,518 38, 256 28, 942 85, 305 39, 722 54, 446 17, 633 10, 282 103,059 10, 115 37 , 381 j Fifth grade at B ft? eft ftT 459,214 24, 271 14, 632 53, 201 6, 609 55, 486 164, 095 126, 260 8, 597 6,063 620, 424 99, 977 65, 051 39, 997 30, 870 91,610 41,816 61,962 18, 017 10, 697 110,783 10, 453 39, 191 I Fourth grade 00 •ft at •ft ft?" 520,617 29, 654 15, 931 60, 929 (NCOOiCOCO CONOODh ft* ^ CO ot iO io ftT at co co at co 685,174 113,294 70, 683 42, 767 33, 888 102, 959 46,834 64, 735 20, 015 11,440 124, 582 11,325 42, 652 j Third grade r* at r* ft? 547,169 31,625 16, 995 64, 188 7, 621 66, 998 189, 483 152, 842 10, 327 7,090 717, 466 118, 768 74, 713 44, 866 35, 806 107, 973 48, 610 68,411 19, 876 12, 220 128, 876 12, 262 45, 085 j Second grade CD ft? CD ® CD ft? 535,023 29, 029 16, 299 61, 692 7,150 63, 166 185, 103 155, 690 10, 053 6, 841 700, 819 113, 842 77, 914 44, 232 35, 623 101, 410 47, 005 66, 056 20, 841 12, 161 125, 162 12, 122 44, 451 I First grade •ft 2, 957, 485 561,405 30, 806 15, 862 62, 813 7, 394 77, 628 196, 749 151, 892 11,001 7,260 750, 534 lisiSsi! §3 Is 1 s's's's's's's's s'g sftf Kinder¬ garten ft? ft? r* ft? 433,054 30, 052 15, 043 41, 334 2, 975 70, 001 188, 013 77, 640 6, 674 1,322 497, 440 72, 976 31,028 34, 149 24, 428 125, 885 34, 414 29, 575 21,392 804 74, 455 4,240 44, 094 Total elemen¬ tary eft 1 sS\ 4* ao a> o? 4,322,868 239, 629 134, 85$/ 487, 121 57, 180 546, 721 1, 547, 938 1, 178, 746 79, 195 51, 485 5, 667, 699 sslsisss si si ss's'liW «ff s'g Total tary and second¬ ary 26, 562, 664 5,736,701 305,493. 171, 057* 656, 579 ft* CO CO CO CO 00 co co ft? as 00 co O ft? CO •a co at at r-T NhiO(X)CO t'- O t-H goefi>."®^‘o‘«“o*eo"eo‘ i *2 i glg£l£Si§ ig IliB 1 S i ssggiisggag g iiiiEi s' ss sfcfcjg gf ® 53 00"g"«00*t-*(NOO*00'rH‘^'w' ! ** ggggssgss 22 lsi£ 1 1 i slsillsIsSl 1 SlsSfa 1 «rfsf«sfgf8f S8 gWsW S - 1 HVNaVfffo'HH'oV »‘s 1 IsSssssll IS Sill s 1 s fssIlBiSlBi § 21IIII § 82 Sggg gf § ^r 8 £jf£££^£S“£|f:f - --sfs § gisiiiise is mi i s I §£§§ls§22§£ g llglll Z S*g“ gSf§3S~ £ ^ i' »sf 5 IsSSIsIsS Is III! 1 i 2 llllllllsis 1 sISSSI 1 £3 2J52S £ - s' sf^flrfef£Tsfsfsf^ «rg- 1 SIlsssIlS 21 Isll'g 1 § Ilisillslll 1 SSsISI s srs-ssssss sss ss'ss s? « tf sgsa^sas^ -s' 1 IIsSsksIs 16 Sill 6 1 i 8lsli28SSsl i llgfll 1 g§''’gRsssg §s sags sf $ s'gsa^ssss'"* 1 SsISIIssS 11 g§Ss e 1 § llllgssllfl i aaaass I s’^srss'sssss §S s’sss S’ i SgSaS^SRS'Si- -■ «'S 1 IIII1IIIS 21 S1IS 2 I i SISSIISIIIS 1 IIIISb 1 as'-sasBss ss ssge 'sr s i s'ga'2Brfs‘as's'o‘ »'2‘ i iiiiiiiii as ms i § i iiisiiiiiis 1 sSlsIs §: as'“sasBss s's s'sss ? i oo* jo* cT o* co* t-~'c~'o o* csr H ©CO 2 3 s&asaasss is is§§ § i § aslllfSISis s ls2S6I I SS'“3§RS'3§ gs‘ ffSg'g 3‘ S s S38'2S-SS2‘S'»‘ “^r j Jo" J Jnio" j 05* s TlfoV J ^*OOW» ^HdooiododNNooio N05NHINONOOCOO)OH^, cot-Jooa>o6oot^r^ocD»OTti H«»OIOOOW»05 0HNON ^csoddooao’r^dt^dd^ HWOS»OHOHOOiOMWNCO ^c^a>a>a>o6odt^dt^did^ t^e*oocoo*Ci-ioooiOt^*ot^co coddddadoot^dt^dd^ COT^0^000105^^tN.^Ttocoo5r^o»ocoo»ococo» cddddododododt^^dd-*? NHWO0>NC0^O05 00N0>» ddddooooaoodt^t^dd^' «005O0i 0500N^000>050>W. d»-Hdo6o6ado6o6dt^ddd ^OOOOJOOOiOWNHHOWN d»-£ “>hM2 2j3 t*-3 i-i-w w-g “g g & § § 'S M §£ S35 §-a g >>!_>>•§ 5^3 §X! §13 * &.5f 2 MfecoE-'fePNccicQH^a'^t3^) 52 8 -3 3 “ is $J3 O O (*'3 *2 CO 42 w w c3 ^g-3 fl 3-g 2“o la® o -*jfQ ^ C3 § P? iss ,3 ^ m MOg « M OJ •Sid © 3 2 . be‘^3 b53 3 c3 T3 -2 P’S o ©£ 2 ’^^•3 © 3 © OX) o Eh Eh 3 Table 11. — Total number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State: 1870-71 to 1951 52 1951-52 W i d* CD »D CD CM BI] u ENNIAL SURVI coaoocMcocococDco 1 ©‘Ol^cDCOCMCMCMCT> ^OOOOOOIN^CO i-T co fco co oT oT t-T tjT OMONHiCOOOtO CO rH CD O lO»-H (Nh :y I*- 3 CM" IO OF EDUCATION, IS COOON»ONNCOHNCDOOO II NiO^NCODOOCO^C^iOCO CDiO^ON^OOHCO^N COoTTt?'oiD^-rcOCO't>rco'^H'o (N^OJNCOhNMhOINN (NN^COhiOCDCNhCOhiO 9, 701, 249 g 679, 274 oi 416, 546 ^ 50, 343 538, 710 752, 233 568, 630 514, 379 382, 731 535, 913 914, 269 510, 276 512, 199 676, 672 1949-50 - r* D* ~ 1 5,516,058 ‘Ot'-‘OCO»DC»CD‘OCO ht}Too *-T NnOOINOOlN^CCaNkO co cm cd cm u- co 4, 079, 065 301, 615 223, 071 31, 434 92, 472 381, 297 399, 660 120, 253 184, 251 334, 158 322, 533 201, 260 447, 950 1879-80 e* £ MS CD QO «T 2, 930, 435 -^NNHHCOO^OO C5ClNTt iO ^ CM CO ^ U- CM 2, 614, 786 179, 490 81, 972 27, 823 39, 315 236, 533 i 276, 000 77, 642 162, 431 236, 654 252, 612 134, 072 300, 217 A 00 N s CD 2, 743, 344 113, 588 152, 600 273, 661 71,957 169, 430 1,028,110 834, 614 34, 000 65, 384 3. 300, 660 672, 787 450, 057 341, 938 89, 777 292, 466 113, 983 330, 070 23, 265 1,660 719, 372 (2) 265, 285 1, 371, 458 141, 312 69, 927 20, 058 14, 000 49, 578 178, 457 67, 639 115, 683 117, 000 115, 000 66, 056 140,000 Region and State - Continental United States Northeast . . - . - Connecticut . - Maine _ _ - . . Massachusetts - - - . - New Hampshire. . - . New Jersey . . . New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania . . . . . Rhode Island _ _ _ Vermont--. . - . - North Central . --- Illinois--- . . . . Indiana . . . . . Iowa _ - Kansas _ _ Michigan . . - . Minnesota . . - Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska.. . . - North Dakota . . Ohio . . . . --- South Dakota _ _ Wisconsin . . . . . South. . . . . Alabama . . . . Arkansas _ _ _ Delaware. . . . . Florida . . . Georgia . . . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana. - - - - Maryland _ _ _ _ Mississippi... . . . - North Carolina.. . . Oklahoma. . . South Carolina . . Tennessee _ _ _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 1,467,960 638, 767 440, 567 101, 780 3, 671, 757 171, 711 1, 832, 731 253, 077 129, 737 108, 686 37, 519 158, 694 282, 939 168, 494 466, 162 62, 007 19, 783 3 3, 861 10, 550 8, 966 95, 244 457, 518 5, 276 1, 354, 167 597, 867 438, 498 96,323 3,397,294 139, 244 1, 757, 424 229, 196 122, 259 105, 917 25, 144 148, 978 255, 032 153, 648 400, 867 59, 585 13,910 4, 001 9, 523 8, 553 89, 820 409, 639 4,896 1, 303, 323 556, 377 443, 337 96, 520 2, 656, 299 116, 430 1, 225, 850 214, 022 118, 821 102, 906 23, 993 131, 347 189, 466 134, 632 343, 121 55, 711 7, 502 s i§ is 292, 758 3, 614 1, 328, 822 668, 131 452, 821 96, 170 2, 615, 347 110, 205 1, 189, 106 221, 409 120, 987 107, 302 20, 746 132, 589 188, 876 136, 519 331, 409 56, 199 6,312 2, 864 6,688 4,691 91, 821 286, 098 3, 552 1, 308, 028 562, 956 395, 505 80, 965 2, 614, 257 103, 806 1, 068, 683 240, 482 120, 947 120, 337 18, 041 102, 084 202, 595 138, 046 344, 731 54, 505 3,436 7, 003 3, 683 71, 657 221, 248 3, 061 1, 035, 648 505, 190 346, 256 65, 298 1, 932, 855 76, 505 696, 238 220, 232 115, 192 126, 576 14, 114 81, 399 151, 028 117, 406 291, 053 43, 112 3, 360 it i? i CO > I j 180,458 821, 631 402, 109 276, 458 55, 774 1, 227, 609 31, 312 368, 391 168, 798 76, 168 66, 141 i 10, 200 56, 304 118, 412 91,611 215, 688 24, 584 j 1 659, 598 370, 595 232, 343 46, 519 815, 368 16, 504 269, 736 117, 555 36, 669 39, 430 6, 676 36, 735 89, 405 73, 042 115, 104 14, 512 ill I I'll s' IsIslsssSll ,-'s$‘32‘r-‘2'SRS‘r-‘ el I I * i aissgigsigi ii i § sss s !SS85§8IS§S isr* : : : ! ! ! ! 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 1 o r c I -2 §S NCOO^I0 05000 C**OCO^H^OO^»OCOTf NO £sss&&gggggg£ ££££88sj££8S5§ hMhONhNhN t^'4C»0«CNhNOhh W £££$£££§12 £s£85SS£8££££ £«j£s£££$£s$ CO CO CO CO Tt< 00 lO t* H^HOMaWOOCOOM HNC0C0Od»0 05C0^O £££$£££§£ £££S5£ss£8S££$ ££££££§£§£8 ' 05 CO O CO N- C* 00 ^ WN^NMWNOh^^JO »OHOO»CN»OOOHN^H :££££$£$£ ££££££££££££ §££$£££££££ iCTf WOlOCOOSOOCI ^ cm r-< t'- 00 CO 00 ON^^05'Ct'f © © © ^ ©© n os n ©©oo©©©r^©©co© £££££££££ ££££££££££££ £££££££££££ ©©e*©oc©©©© ^M'foOHWHONr^N cc © cc c* © w b- t^. r* © —t £££££££££ ££££££££££££ £££££££££££ co © © © o © i>. 00 t~ oONi-it'WN‘Of'Nfflfflcn oconNMNo^Heio £££££££££ £££££sj££££££ £££££££££££ © © © © t-< © cc t- c* © Tt< ^ © © oo in © eo © © © ©oo©»mnn»ho £££££££££ £££££££££££s £££££££££££ © i-h © © cs -"O' cc cc ^ 00 © ^ © c* t- © t~- 1- © © oo t'- © 00 © 00 t" © © £££££££££ £££££££££££8 ££££££££££ c^HN»OrHcc©s© © © 0 £££££££££ ££££££££oi£££ £££^^£^££2 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 © I-*©'* © ggssss 8 8S888S83S8S SE5 05 t^Tt< ssss IM Cd 00 00 CO *0 -h CO Cd rH ITS 1C IN 05 © 00 C £ JS8gg8£S8Sg88ggg 8JS8sS££Sg 85.7 85.6 82.8 82.2 86.3 90.7 ooosior^o^t^ooi^^^H 3SSS58S888S8S; i ii ©00© NiO^fOO 8S38SS 91.9 ©00C*t-hCOO5C*©00©CO gg 8SS8S8S88S i is © 338 05 CO ^ CO 00 84.3 ©©©OOC^iO^^C*^© tigsttgss&s&s oo 8 is 67.3 79.5 67.3 64.2 78.2 84.7 ©r^cor^r^c&coenoo*© 8£gggS3E883S8s5 60.7 75.1 64.7 63.2 78.6 00 £ OCONNOOh^hOON E&gggrfsds&g . 1 . i i 47.1 74.1 59.5 60.5 75.3 63.1 r^Tt^c^t^i-ioocooocot^»o sksssssssss j : © r ph r- OOOOOCK 2^3 ji 3 a ) CO CM TtH I 05 O 05 CM-^i-it^CO^OOOOOCO t-T t-T cd i>t co t>r to CONrHOWOlO'OO CO^OO^^»CT^ od^i-T*© co oooTof c* o a as H H HC0 05C0 05NONI COrHCOt^OiNCOOc t^05CMCMiHC005lN» cm" id rjT o of corrode OOCCHHHNCOCO' C0iOO5iOiOCO^cO^ 05 ^ C _ _ _ PH 05 C . . NNONCOiOOO- ) PH 05 CO 05 CO < ICOO500r^00CM00CDCM i iO CM o co *o 00 CO CO CO INHH H(NH^ CO O co ^ GO CO OOUOCO^phN N»0 05!N*0(N 05" © oo »d id S’g c § §•9 ■Jf XS O* cS |S§» i o gSSfc IS |8|# > 3 ■ J ° c3 flT3 d ca o < j!^ O -w bO £.a * •3 a 33 art do »o c © _ c s& _T3 IS PhS - ; © a s 3g3l§£ £: - ©Sr, bX) a g SpS 05 ^ CM ^ CM 00 05 CO pH tested CM IN 00 CO CO CM CO cd^r SQ §8 pH CO 05" tC is§i |||! IOOOCONHCMCOHO NHCOCOOCOOCO^ ^OC00005CMN«505 oo cd cm" th" cm" h 05" »d of TflNOHHCMiOH rH rH CO CM OOr^^COOOr^OOCO^OOT^CO ■^C0CMCM»0^h05NONCM 00 05CMO-^hh^CMX0005 cm" o id cm" of cd cd oo id oo cm )HOOO»OCO'> > O H IO UO T»< C )COOCONCOC HNiOOONOCOHOi <»4H> g »:s a> $1! > CM ^ 05 lO CO ) Q O CO 00 CM 1 00 00 CM CM lO lOOiHT^cOCOOiOOCMCOCO COCMOOXIONHCMNOOOH ONh05C0050005»0005 888 NTfCMNOOH’ CD Tt< N CD rH N ( CM rH lO CON' lO CM 05 05 to CO CO 00 CM NTt<" oo" n*" cm' IO CO C00005CMC0OC0C000 O51ON-CDC0CMCMCMO5 -^O^OOOCOOCM^CO a a H H COOOCMiON*N»COrHN-CO< I^i0^l^C00500CO^CM> COiOiOOCMiCOOiHCO- cdofrdcT»drH"cdcdNfcdi CM^05NC0HNCCHO( CMlN^COrHlOCOCMiHCOT ^ CO CO o co < N^t^HCCC CM iO CO N* CM c 05" co" o" oo cm" c IN pH IO CO IO < »OM o lli ill I art s 5 m w 03 c3 ® ® ® <».*3 S (3 o a <3 d Pi I § s.a !”§ os ga sac3.rt«S <3 g ^ 'O bfi 3 -5; oc 3 ,rt 75 O»ON0500C30C0rH0iiH GO toco CO to ^ CO T}4 1^ «r'^xftc&cot^ wcootc^^ CO O CD to H 1899-1900 »o 3, 359 oo to to to 00 O CD x#4 to Tf4 T-i 05 05 CO 1-H to OONNOh^4CO(NOcOOMCOH»0 CO Total Oi 1 O s co eo 1 1,091,020 CD »0 N lO CO 05 rH lO 1 OOiOON^COiQtX) cDtHNOSCO o of of CO of lO of oo of 0tsT xo 1 |>T Total - D* | 5 ! CD | QO CO 1, 259 O 1 » • 1 Mill! H l 1 1 1 1 57, 261 297 (3) 1,332 14, 351 828 7,983 8, 149 249 5, 853 48 417 17, 755 State Other o o 3, 334 2,120 1 278 2 929 2,621 05 • ^ i CO l I CO 1C ^ 05 I IH CO l 05 CO 1 IHW 1 U- »0 1 1 1 1 1 Perma¬ nent funds and school lands c* o */3 O CD «©■ 394 i CO 07 1 i QO O i i i l IOOH 1 I IOOH l 1 1 1 41, 770 1 CO CO 0 ' U- O u ICOHW 1 uuo 31, 116 3, 753 207 1,394 1, 735 401 1, 657 172 Taxation and appropri¬ ations ac r* cT © D* •Jb- 1 503, 239 15, 526 6, 505 27, 612 891 25, 506 280, 401 140, 600 3, 339 2,861 528, 542 05 05OC0Tt<05»C'^C0i0C0i0 00 00C^r^O500COCO^O5O5CD t^CS|rHCDC^*-HO5lO^COO500 csf r-f cc cf in i-f u>T ioV-fr-fr-f CO CO 1-4 (N 1C 05 C* Total CD 1 C5 *0 CO W ^ 1 506, 966 17, 646 6, 592 28, 099 893 25, 509 281, 330 140, 688 3, 351 2, 861 572, 933 62, 938 61, 962 18, 288 21, 201 177, 206 54, 946 48, 197 3, 497 7, 181 91, 796 3, 660 22, 061 Federal Other CD ^ 1 GO GO O ««• 8, 423 881 1 250 3 t'- 1 05 CO Ol of !co 8, 284 106 53 s- i CO ^ CO i CO CO CO D • CC CS| ICOIO^ D ' CO GO O i 00 sf ! csf 1 r-f School lunch i i/5 $91,149 15, 719 OO^CDW^04COHCD NiOHCOCOOOCOW of t-Tio'tjT 20, 834 Tt'COlO’^HCONlOCOOO’^ COCSllOCOCOCOGOr-H^^T-HTP ^OCOHNCOHCO^COCON CO csf r-f r-f of r-f of CO r-f Voca¬ tional educa¬ tion - GO | CD | GO ' W 5, 166 coeciotDONWiOH O5C00J»D-«3TcM"t>rco" CM LO ^ r-H 1-H ^ CM CM oo 3 s GO CO COCO^NiOOO^tCONXN»OH OO^COCON^NtNO^QO^rHOO OCOOSOCOfOiOOCONCOCONOOIN 2 S' '!S 8f®“s s? o © CM g ^J4 oo 5 C0^HCM^t^05C0OC0C000 C0000005i0000000c0i0i-H ^OOOSCO^OCOt^OOl^COTt4 CO CO co »o cm" cf T-4" IO co" CMO^hh to CM CO co I S § 3 a cm l 1 1 CO 00 1—1 CO CM CO 05 i-H i©i-H©CM 1 1 iN^O»OhNh^ ICOWOH i i ioioi-hoo ^ co i 1 1 1 Vco"^ cf K5H 1 CO III 1 1 co O i i CM i-H 00 • i • i CO i i CO ^ ^ i i i i wCM ii i i i i II till 40 OO S Tt4 I i-H r-H 05 o »o 00 CO 05 40 »o 00 co rH ■ oo oo © © 40 cm oo oo co 40 © co 1-H CO IN^NOOWNCOHOS^OH cf icoio'r-T’^fcfcO’^f -^i-ficfio 1-H INHNWCO cm cm cocm 00 ^ CM CO CM Tt4 IO CO 05 1 IO CM Tt4 00 05 CM 05 Tt4 00 uoo 00 O 00 *0 05 IO O Tt4 i i-H CO '^T^ioiocfcfcoco ICO 1-H © co © co" 00 tsT CO CM h*4 t>- iNOOOCOCOHTfTfOs^cOfNO CO *-H nONNrHOOCO^NOOON05iO 1-H CO 1 00 O CO H o CO co O H o H lO CM o ! of i-T cd co co of of »ocm"oo*o TH KNtHCDNCO cm cm cocm co 00 s Tt4 CM CO CM CO CO ^ 05 no CM Tt4 ^ 05 CM IO o co OO 1 40 O 00 00 40 CM CO O ^ 1 1-H CO ^"co 40 40 1-H cf CO CO ' CO 1-h" 1 8 CO CO 00 cf 00»OCMC0 » CM r-H i CM ^ CM , o CO -05 CO t'- 1 CM CM 1 CM 1 ^ CO 1 D- i-H i-H 1 CO 1 05 1 1 1 CM 1 05 1 i CO Tf 40 N N N 1 i CM i i H CM T- 00 i i CM i i CO 40 i 1 i-H 1 1 1 III 1 ^t4 co s 40 rf CM ^ 1 1 1 1 i 1 CM 1CMN1H rJ4 i CO N i i i i i icO 100 40 1-H i CM CO i i i • ' ' i ^ 1-H CM 1 1 l l l 1 1 1 1-H IO 1 1 CM^cOCOOCMiHCOOOOO 05iH00 05C0 00XNO05 00 COt^r-Hl^t^CMi-HCMCO^CO 1-h" cm" tf rH 1-T 0 CO 05 H05^05000COCOHNWCOXOOOH CMCONiOhiOCOhhOJ^OhOJ^oO NC0»O0500rH^C005OH00Tf»OC000 CO'ofccfccf'rt^T-rccfi-fotfodt^fcf^ofGf COCMHiONCOOO^NO^COiONTt4^ 05 lO IO co" co T}4 40©COCOHfCOCOCOcOTt4Tt4 d S 2" ^ ^ a a s" ^ ^ 1 00 00 co" © CO © rf4 © © T-f 40 i-T 1-H CO 40 CO H*4 icf s ONC0CM00rHC0C0»OrHN^0500O»H 05ihi^C»3hNX'HNCMCMih © hJ4 t^4 © ONNOXrHNC005Oc000C000O05 •*fcf co tC^i-Ttf r-f o ooofrfcf ofofcf COCMi-HiOl^COOOTt4CMO^CO‘Ot^'^4iO CM a | r^^oot^co©05oOTt4©^4 NrH4O4OCOCM00CdCMHCO C0t^^©©OC0© 0500 00 cm" CO 1-H 40" of CO cf 00 CO »o" 40 1-H 40 rH COCMHN 1 °0 00 CO Tt4 co © © © r-i 1-f 40 r-T i-H CO cm 8 of 40 00 05 »0 ,-h 40 1 ^ ^ CO 00 CO N H 05 40 OO CO CO 1-H UOO^NCMCOCMOO CO 1-H 1-H O *0 CO HOlOrHCO^CONlOOO »C 1-fr-T irfoco 'CM CCfr-fCM^CO CM lO co COCM»OCMCOOO©^i-h05t*4 OSOr^OOT^CMOcOQQCMCM 4OCC0)4OhhcOhNhh © cf T-f CO r-T 1-H tf cf CM I 1-H CM 1-H © CM CO © i-H © cf CO Oi CO rt4 00 CO O CO CM ^ CM IO 05 CM CM CO ^ 05 CO CM 1-H rH CO co 00 05 05 H*4 CM CO CO O ^ >0 ^ CM 1-H NNhNcONNO5O5CMhNcOihC<00 CM COCf i-H CO CM CO cf ^cf cf CO © cf r-f o N 05 of ^hCMC0CMi-h00©C04O^^h ©©©O0©©t^*00^i-Ht^. ©©t^^CM © 00 © CM i-H 2 00 oo co CO 2 of i-H rH CO CO CO I''- CM CO © CM © © 40 40 05 40 O COpHIOCSCOOCMOOJ*ONNCMWOO o CO © 1-H CO 05 CO 40 CO ^ 00 ^ ^ co ^ CO CO 1-H CO CM 00©i-H©COt^’<*4©i-H0040 OOOOCMrH^^t^OO^Tt4© ht^CMCMhhhNCM^h 11- 103,891 i^iCCMONcO^COiO^Oh 00 CO 05 © 1>- »00005iONHHOHCOOOOOO‘0‘0 ^ Tt4 co CM 1-H 1-H o CO 00 O CM CM co CO CO CO O 00 to HjT 1-T iC ^ CO ^ 1-f to CO cm" 05 05 lO »o ^rHOONCOCONOOH© T^OOOOt^OO^COCM©©© T*4C0O5CM4OC0»O00i-Hl>TJ4 1-h" © 1-T 1-h" cm" 1-h cm" cm" oo" cm" CM 1 1-H CM © © © i-H 00 © rH ^COH © © <§ N>OrHTlioOffl«OOOrtTjloOO>N(MiH «© 00 00 CO 00 1-H >*3 00 *0 <-> 00 05 t'- Tf t~- 50 IO C0001iHCOHh«iO CO H lOOS O m 00 W 00 co"od'odorio'rH'eoei'>o'oreo‘o'-^''od'oor oT OOTft'-irt^HOOC^O'^ JOOCOOSOMt^ Ol CO -r CO $ OOOOCOOOCOOON^NrH^ CMi-HCMTt4©©t^-COCMCM^t4 itNCOOlf ©©iHOOrH © ©" © co" tf ©" ©" o" i-h" co" Tt4" rC Tt4 40 © CM CO © TJ4 CM 1-H © i-H CM © ^ N©H00N© io'hhooV 1-H CO South . Alabama . . . Arkansas . . .. Delaware . Florida. . Georgia . Kentucky . Louisiana . . Maryland. . Mississippi . North Carolina . Oklahoma.. . . . South Carolina . Tennessee. . . Texas . Virginia . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j-K i 1 11,111111111 Q mi tr* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 » 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • Tl r-> i i i i i i i i i i i i CZ rZ-» i i i i i i i i i i i i , H i . . . p2 i i i i i i i i i i i i cs i . . i i i ^"0 o : s 1 2 : :::::: 8 :: g ■ »*s 1 -w ■ . 2 03 » . . MC .2 ! a js C3 :.S P ^2 ; ^ ! Is o-g a > £ gffaw 1 5- > .23 ! C c3 O O O ^ ® d ■ Q g ^ w £ H c p c N ['3 p cl IO , '5 1 1 02 g £ Is s I&- ii ii .= I> ! j 1 1 Federal cash contribution plus value of commodities distributed. 5 Federal appropriation. 2 Includes receipts from permanent funds and school lands. 6 Less than $500. 3 Data not available. .... . .. . , . , 4 Distribution between “county” and “local” estimated on 50-50 basis. Note. — Due to rounding, detail may not add to totals. Table 19. — Percentage distribution of revenue receipts from public sources, by State: 1951-52 Local BIE tH Jj 6 iNNI CD AL SI 00 I N JR7' 00 d /EY COH d OF EDUCATI rH .0®N0 II CO rH iNCO *H ON, 1950-52 OOi-HOOcO iOh^DON i 1-4 1-4 1-4 j ^ co d 1-i 1-i j 1 I Taxa¬ tion and appro¬ pria¬ tions 49.0 64.2 OiOOJOOiO^t^CRCO II o gsggggggg 3 HHOOONCDCDCDDNCOO OOHONWCiHCO^tOHOO CDCD0010^TJ41000^CDI>CD Total «H4 51.8 67.0 tOCOOOtO^CDNCO CD to IC 05 r-4 00 CO r-4 co || to t"- £"• 05 CO O CD X N CD DNNCDWCDCDODCDDO d* d’ d* oo co co to d’ 06 OOCDOOtO^iOiOOO^CDOOcD County t-i a? & 6 eo 0.4 t ii it ii i ii iO i i ii Taxa¬ tion and appro¬ pria¬ tions 2 • II 1 • CD 2.9 1-i rH d d d to to CO Icon * G'** 2 * tO to i i-4 CO i Total a 6.0 .1 • CD 2.9 i-4 H W CO N O tO CO CO rH * £T'rH* J5 * tO CD * gjj £-n»-4 CO State Other s 0.2 .2 CD Cl 1-4 1 1 CO fH II 1 1 88 2.2 l I^HCDNNMCDCDHCOH i # * * o> d’ * d’ cd * »o 1 1 Taxa¬ tion and appro¬ pria¬ tions GO 37.4 O o CO ^00OD»CT}iH^N II d 05 H GO c4 O ^4 rH HNH ^ CO rH (M || (M COOOCDOOtOCOCOOOOtO^i-i to to TJ4 H* to CD to 1-4* o* o’ CD CD H CO H d ^ CO CO dCO rH Total 38.6 31.1 OHMDtOiOHrf N || lO d* c4 oo d o* ^ ^* i-4 o5 (N(Nh H rf CO h d ^ Cl ^ -*4 05 to CD ^ CD CO tOcD^c4too6tOCDt^Oi-HCD rH CO 1-H e<5ecccooc« | >o OOCCTtt-^WrJftOOOOTtt^lO Total eo 3.5 00 ^COOOH-^HCODO || o d d* th d ih d co »o csi CDtOtOOOTHOOOOTt '■= ! 2 « .a? > a es New Hampshire . . . New Jersey . cC 1 ■I ; | id Rhode Island . ... Vfirmnnt. North Central . . Illinois . . . . Indiana . . . . . Iowa. . . . Kansas. . . . . Michigan _ Minnesota . . . Missouri . . Nebraska. . North Dakota . . Ohio _ _ _ South Dakota . . Wisconsin . . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 6i 2 ■ CO © i i-H CO Ht^OOOCOOOCIC© 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 > CO © 1 I^^OO 1 00 © CO © 1 1 cd i-i r-i 1 od id ^ ci 1 1 1 1 1 1 © 00 CO Cl ONONNCON^OCOOCOOJHCO 1 © 05 ©* ©* ci ©* cd cd ©* ^ © ci ci © 05 I © CO i-H d d Cl CO COCO CO T-H , 05 1 00 9 ^^©©©©©©©©© tj4 ©* cd ^ cd hj4 ci 1-4 ci © ©©©©COd lOiOCI^ Cl CO ci 00 s' © ^ 00 d h* u3 rt4 r*4 © 05 CO CO © ' iO ©’ d* © d’ 05 ©‘ n4 cd i-h © © ed © cd © • © ^ 1-1 Cl Cl Cl CO mcOHCOCI • 05 1 t*4 O © CO'^iO©'^4OOiOCO'^4©iO oOT^ost^idt^T^i-Hcdcdcd ©©©©COd ©©d^*4 Cl © CO ci 00 III 1 1 l i^HHNiOCO^CO IHCI05H » i i cd cd * th * * cd t-h i * * ci iii i iii i iii i iii i CO Ttt 1 1 © i-H 1 1 I 1 II 1 1 1 1 © s COCO lO^CO^OONCINCOCOiOON i— <’ t-h ! © cd cd 05 cd id * * cd * 05 i-i rH idHNHCOHH Cl Cl CO 1 0 id t^CI CO© © OOCO © 1©© © ci C5 © ©’ cd cd iidt^ i-H (M CO Cl 1 Cl cd © COCO 1 ^ ^ i-H CO 05 CO © CO CO l> © 05 hh i cd cd cd h ci cd 06 ci * cd *i-ii-i i-H i Cl H Cl Cl CO i— * H Cl coco CO id r^©co©i>©©ao > © © © ci 05 ©* i-i isl cd ndN i-H Cl CO Cl 1 1 GO cd Cl II II Cl 05 iH I i— 1 I © I 1 1-H Cl ■ d i ! Cl © C0 1-4 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 © ci CO 00 i i i i i i i Tfi Cl N i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • © lOi-H050500©©COTtlOli-H i-i ’.i-i ci ci * r-i i-i 06 8 00 rt4 © 00©COQOI>«©©©OOCO©COdt'-i-HCO cicdt^t^-^ooaio’idt^cdt^idcdi-HTt4 t^^OOTFCOCOCO^TFCO^iOiOiO^CO 00 CO T^t^ci©t^cir^iO©ooco cdo6cdidt^odt^i-Hid«©cd (MCOHHHCDOCOCO>0(M id iO 1-H t'"- CO id © C0CIClO5t^iOO5©O5O5O5C0’^4^T-HC0 cdt^oot^^Gdooidt^t^r^idooi-Hrt4 t^'^OOTt4©COt^Tt4rt4©rJ4iOiOiO'^4© © 05 CO ©©Hrfi©CO©00©HTt 05 00 00 id 1-H cd 1-H 06 1-H T*4 dCO»-Hi-HdCOt'-COCOCOCO id iO © t^CO ©* © cd © 0000 © ci CO ^ COt^iO !i0C0 05ONi0i0NH iO i-H ci ^tj4 id ^ !cif-HcdrHcdcdcicdi-H 06 1 • © cd COd©iH©t^dCO©t^© i-H* cd i-I ci cd i-H* 05 i-i ci id ci Tt4 r*l £3^5 1-H © © i-H ©ci © ci ClONiOCIiOHO^NH^HOON05CO ^ id ’ i-i cd cd cd * cd ci ci t*4 cd i-i »-h ci © ©©COOOOOI>t^©©©© t> 10 00 © i-H 05 ci © NiHOOCOGON^COiHiOiONNiOiOiO CO ■^dCOOO^iO^©©^4© H CO ^ HHCO cd CI^HiOONNiONOOHHiOOCOHOO © cdaji-Hcdojodcdcdooi^^ooooTjicdcd 05 © dHHCOW©COH©HTt4 cd^cd^t^cdi-Hcd^t^^j rH r^4 CO i-H rH 05 ©t^© ci cd o s' 0000000000000000 0 iiliiiliiiiiiiii 1 © 8 ©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©*©©*©*©©’©*© ©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©© ©©*©’©©* cd ©©©©©© South . Alabama . . . . Arkansas.. . . . Delaware . Florida . Georgia . Kentucky . . . Louisiana . Maryland . Mississippi . . . North Carolina . . . Oklahoma... . South Carolina . Tennessee . - . Texas . . . Virginia _ _ West Virginia . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 « 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 © J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * * . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 co SR 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 w 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ut w ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rt 5 1 l 1 1 l l l 1 1 1 1 l 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ***[£) > 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 • • » © 1 • {H 1 CCirt j : : : : :■§ : :§ ■ c« > : e j'fl-S i :Sd : : gsgol'S^g :|| > ! °S©-5 fl > & 1 n l ; 'Cc3c5ooc£-pc3>) w c: ) g £ w £ & a p c N IS iC ii ll c £ I s II ts. 'C li sS i e i £ i.t <> \ 1 1 1 1 D i Federal cash contribution, plus value of commodities distributed. 3 Less than 0.05 percent. 3 Includes revenue from permanent funds and school lands. 4 Data not available. Note.— Due to rounding, detail may not add to totals. Table 20. — Nonrevenue receipts, by source, and balances on hand, by purpose and by State: 1951-52 [In thousands of dollars] 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 _ a 3^-2 03 a W 'U C3 . (H W B U S oo» i c 00 CO 00 CO i— h §2i2 flgft o £ £ &« CO *0 CO CO of of N0500 05 ^H C5 OOlOON CO't-foO CO 0lc00505i0i00500»0<: !S38‘ p M I I "3 rt M g © ,14 ca 3 H w >- > m 4J § 38***311 o'Sd®®o§B o i c3 ^ S 2-n^n 2.2«SS9mS^O jS’gfca.S.S.a’SSS 5 5 3 W or 02^ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1 Less than $500. Note. — Due to rounding, detail may not add to totals. Table 21. — Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools , by State: 1951-52 [In thousands of dollars] 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Expen¬ ditures for Summer, Eve¬ ning, and Adult Schools US N CO eT CO €» 9,461 389 90 744 157 1,632 6,354 67 28 R OO CD~ 1 1 1 IHIO 1 1 i Tf« IH 1 1 l l 1 CD 00 1 1 1 N 1 us iiiirfi i i i CO i CO • iii~ i i i i •» iiiir-4 i i ■ C* i O l l i l ill i i l l l ill l Current Expenditures for Day Schools, Capital Outlay, and Interest Interest 2 $114,310 33,836 HCO 1 Oi CD OO CO ICO CO OO i N CO CO O 1 r-H COH IHO*OH l H ~ i ; 31, 131 NOOOOOOiCD^ T CD CO cf CD US CO i-T TlT r-T CD Opera¬ tion a i US us QO § 141, 550 7,277 3, 075 16, 987 1,626 19, 714 53, 979 34, 896 2,688 1, 308 185, 161 37, 729 15, 481 11, 744 7,786 31,208 14, 504 11, 103 5, 149 2,930 31, 160 3,037 13, 328 Instruc¬ tion ao CO ao ao eo €& 993, 852 52, 181 16, 743 104, 464 10, 332 129, 078 422, 439 235, 300 15, 771 7,542 1, 119, 663 OO Oi CO ^ ^ O US ^ CD CD CO us OO © OO 05 o OO 00 05 « OS 1 N i i i i i i i i Allocated to pupil costs CO CD g CD US' 1, 501, 837 78, 029 26, 261 152, 855 17, 106 193, 110 623, 286 376, 240 22, 305 12, 645 1, 695, 564 315, 977 161, 740 112, 353 78, 454 271, 118 126, 824 119, 786 50, 834 26, 894 271, 861 26, 848 132, 876 s/ Total current expendi¬ tures for day schools s us 1, 508, 034 NOOJOHOIOOCD ONOhhiNNCOcO odcocot^cooot^tNof r-H HCOCC 1,713,985 333, 122 161, 740 112, 353 78, 454 271, 118 126, 824 119, 786 50, 950 26, 894 272, 702 26, 848 133, 195 Total current expendi¬ tures for day schools, caDital outlay, and in¬ terest (cols. 4+13+14) $7,313, 805 1, 870, 398 104, 091 30, 314 179, 964 20, 410 237, 808 841, 089 416, 750 25, 553 14, 421 2, 157, 306 422, 337 192, 832 135, 895 112, 925 356, 749 155, 222 141, 105 56, 061 29, 312 372, 431 31, 009 151, 427 Total, All Schools (cols. 3+15) N r* CO N 2 €»■ 1, 879, 860 104, 480 30, 404 180, 708 20, 567 239, 440 847, 443 416, 750 25, 620 14, 448 2, 164, 176 422,337 192, 832 135, 895 112, 925 358, 210 155, 306 141, 105 56, 061 29, 312 375, 104 31, 009 154, 078 Region and State - Continental United States _ _ Northeast . . . Connecticut . . Maine . . . Massachusetts . . . New Hampshire. . . New Jersey . New York.. . Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island . Vermont. . . North Central . Illinois. . Indiana . . Iowa . . . Kansas . . . Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri. . Nebraska. . North Dakota . . Ohio _ _ South Dakota . Wisconsin . . 1,947,765. 1, 934, 385i 1, 519, 289< 1, 612, 948. 6, 341, STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 © CM 00 CO 0* © c NOOiONNHHOlNN; © © CO CO i -h CM ^ ^ ^4 © C t-OOi-H©^©©©©!^ OOCOWiOiO^C^iOCJOJC HCONiONOJ^OiNOOt ©©^^©^©^©co© ©oo M © II © © ^4 © © © I CO 00 © © © 00 'N 1-4 1-4 CO 1 CO © CO © CO COt^^OO^H©© CM 00 C* CO © 00 CO CO «f©©©©NCOOON©N i-H II CO CO©©COHCOO- TJ4 © © M © © ^4 © © © ^ i-l | ^4 . . . _ - _ © 1-H C* CO rHCOCO CO CO NCO* ©~CO CO ©" CO C* h©coco^ if co©nh© t^oo^r-©co©-00©©©©i-H©©^H 4©t^COC^MOOCO©©CO >oaco^HCO©t^©©©© )^OONOlO©©N©rH •CO^f con^nn©thn " co" co' ^4" of -^ ©" oT oT ©* )©©CMCM CONCMCrH C^©*H©^^t^rH© oo©oo©©co©ooco i-4CO©©^t^(MTj4T-t » © m © © c CO © © 1-H © © CO CM CM 00 CO © © CM 1-H © I> © © © 00 I r-H ZO CO 1 _ > © © © 1^- © 1-H • 'CMN©Ht^ )if H©ONOOO^^©©; IcSS1 :s§: 1 co Tt< © © r>- lissjgs 1 *""* ^ 8 CO 00© — © X - © CM © t |©CNOO©CON© > ^ 00 CM CO © © CM CM ) m © m 00 t'- © ICOCO©^©©^^ CM r © CO © © © > © © cm IIN-If ©H00 »©C^COMOOCOM©©©t^i n © Q g? 03 * .J o ftes c3 o ?c5'w".2-£?'£? ^3 «’S’3o§g'3^‘ a a >< •30 §11 o §-sis S3 Oflfl > js ’Cc30^0©©^-*JC3J>1 g- 5 a a s 3-wt» o p3'o5 2P a':3B a •8 § § £ fe M «§3dsiJ ^OOWA.> « £um„of c°lun™s I®. 17, 1 18 in table 25 and column 9 in table 26. * Includes expenditures for junior colleges and summer, adult, and evening schools. 2 Small amount included in “auxiliary services.” Note.— Due to rounding, detail may not add to totals. 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 22. — Current expenditures for administration ( general control ), by major type of governmental unit , and by object , by State: 1951-52 [In thousands of dollars] Major Governmental Unit Object Salaries and per diem Sup¬ plies, travel, and other expense Region and State Total State County Local Mem¬ bers of boards of (edu¬ cation Admin¬ istra¬ tive and profes¬ sional staff Cler¬ ical assist¬ ants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ $265, 636 $40, 784 $30,987 $193, 865 Northeast _ 63,350 12, 927 1,625 48, 798 Connecticut.. 4,316 755 2, 593 244 1,723 511 1 $3, 146 569 $658 45 $512 53 Maine _ . $88 Massachusetts _ 6, 130 911 689 5, 441 New Hampshire 183 728 69 633 60 149 New Jersey _ _ 6,825 23, 578 19, 275 827 631 5,366 16, 682 17, 131 729 1 3,487 1,692 1,644 New York . . . 6, 896 2,369 7,178 7, 475 6,556 Pennsylvania _ 1,150 994 Rhode Island 872 143 60 509 192 111 Vermont _ 689 201 488 1 403 130 154 North Central _ . 76, 005 7,695 10, 482 57, 829 Illinois . . 15, 189 3, 964 6,648 1, 106 - 283 1,724 2 970 12, 359 2, 711 Indiana _ .. Iowa... . . . 491 1,341 475 4, 817 2, 793 2,883 398 574 Kansas _ 2, 744 12, 920 6, 487 324 1,945 Michigan _ 733 1,223 559 10,963 5,402 4, 502 2, 588 998 5, 695 3,021 3, 206 Minnesota _ ... 526 Missouri . . . 5,747 3, 140 498 747 578 3, 542 1,074 553 Nebraska _ .. 302 249 202 2,083 78 777 North Dakota _ 900 90 168 642 386 285 33 196 Ohio . 11,296 2,633 98 1,495 417 7,168 1,083 3, 648 South Dakota 1,599 5, 371 Wisconsin . 611 1,112 South _ _ _ _ 71, 030 13, 109 6,349 51, 573 3,039 39, 058 13, 523 15,410 Alabama . 2.177 3,172 1.178 597 1,580 2,174 742 47 778 959 394 Arkansas . . 500 499 6 2,108 476 583 Delaware _ 436 2 525 3 432 220 Florida _ _ _ .. 3, 013 3, 917 3, 552 4, 626 653 2, 360 264 1,042 1,997 944 763 Georgia _ _ 1,359 445 2, 558 82 871 966 Kentucky . . 3, 107 3, 101 2,428 1,757 2,932 4, 770 2,560 2,631 14, 223 60 2,542 1 1,983 1,405 528 422 Louisiana _ 1,525 593 141 695 1,806 Maryland ..... 3,021 2, 909 3,907 6, 453 3, 638 3, 364 19, 717 3,122 2, 526 738 805 811 Mississippi. . 386 766 55 2, 050 398 406 North Carolina _ 975 63 1,892 * 5, 270 1,084 766 869 Oklahoma . 961 722 2 414 South Carolina.. . . 705 5 373 2 1,849 974 207 1,581 Tennessee _ _ 733 71 614 1,705 3, 211 Texas _ _ 1,504 1,295 443 3, 990 1,869 11, 484 3, 153 Virginia.. . 1,827 332 1 1, 578 1,268 313 505 706 West Virginia 2, 082 738 44 702 513 District of Columbia _ 385 41 See footnotes at end of table. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 Table 22. — Current expenditures for administration ( general control ), by major type of governmental unit, and by object, by State: 1951-52 — Continued [In thousands of dollars] Major Governmental Unit Object Salaries and per diem Sup¬ plies, travel, and other expense Region and State Total State County Local Mem¬ bers of boards of edu¬ cation Admin¬ istra¬ tive and profes¬ sional staff Cler¬ ical assist¬ ants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 West . . . $55, 250 $7, 053 $12, 531 $35, 666 Arizona _ 1,371 35, 285 2, 243 1,473 2, 064 179 165 1,027 800 403 169 California _ _ 4,407 196 10, 921 19, 958 2, 046 907 Colorado _ $57 $1, 163 750 $638 $385 Idaho _ _ _ ._ 174 392 151 258 313 Montana _ . 315 323 1,426 288 302 999 478 285 Nevada _ _ 434 146 228 94 111 New Mexico _ _ 2, 353 3, 220 1, 122 243 2, 110 Oregon. _ _ 501 190 2,530 1 1,358 632 878 984 Utah.. _ _ 173 948 45 270 174 Washington _ 4, 641 1,045 574 394 3, 673 753 3 2,497 544 1,472 294 669 Wyoming... . . . 145 147 52 154 Outlying parts of the United States: Alaska . . . . 386 74 312 91 168 96 31 Canal Zone _ _ 96 96 43 31 22 Guam. . . . . 111 111 39 21 52 Hawaii . . . . 526 526 4 231 215 76 Puerto Rico _ _ 1,766 99 1,766 986 505 275 Virgin Islands . . 99 (•) 61 19 19 1 Includes clerical staff in State department of education. 2 Data for 1949-50. s Includes clerical assistants serving instructional staff. 4 Includes clerical stafE in county superintendents’ offices. 5 State reported that figure may not represent total county expenditures. 8 Less than $500. Note.— Due to rounding, detail may not add to totals. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS © S5 1, 344 393 279 1,745 3,877 707 1, 140 815 1,129 1, 341 2,236 1, 315 2,013 5, 229 2,551 764 796 38, 442 1, 357 25, 657 1,237 1, 084 756 278 648 3,110 851 2,895 568 *o CO © © © OO i—« © CO CO ^ co 1 1 1*0 1*0 !*Ot^f^OOCO 1 CO CO 00 ^ 1 1 1 00 * *0 1 C !N iO C N ' © ^ CQ CS 1 1 1 ICO 1 1— 1 co »o ^ oo i © CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO 159 ^ i»C i i |©*GN © iN i i iNNN CS i i-H i i i *o i iii 1 1 1 N- CS 1 1 1 00 i—i i i i *0 8 CO *O^OWONNOOC*OCO < '00©© CONNNOHCOC^X • i C C QO i-* CO 1-1 INT* CO © ^ ^ CO • 'CSCOrH CS CS CS* r-Tf-T 1 1 1 1 1 1 4, 397 175 i *D i CS *C © *0 © CO © r re c - c c ^ O 1 1-1 rf< © CO 1-1 CS I © Tti © © © 1 CO co cs ^ 1 s © !n ^ geo - ’nc30P£20O©£-2c3>> * i Includes supervisors. 4 Less than $600. * Includes travel of vocational teachers. _T _ ,, , A x x , 8 Includes expenditures for junior colleges, evening and summer schools, and for adult Note. Due to rounding, detail may not add to totals, education. 7 able 24. — Average annual salary per member of instructional staff 1 in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools/ by State ; and personal income per member of labor force: Continental United States/ 1929-30 to 1951-52 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 slgilsill lllilgg|§g§§ lllliSIll ISlllSgllSIS cfctcoeSm-foS-cScf coco IIISSII11 HeBSSIlllSS eoHMNM^NWH eo-pr^rHoCcCeCrt-^ef^Pr iilisilii iiiiiisgiiig ec^'cccqeo'nrcccc-r WNHHNNNHHNHtf gSISIIIsS Islllllilsl§ (N-^r(N-rHM-Cc'9‘Z 08 14, 510 651 9,865 443 460 128 g cor^ Oi NNrH e gg i » 1 1 i «6 8 :ss • 00 ! c^r CM CM 00 OrHOON t-H CO CM Tjt cm~ cmVT 661 172 906 1,095 144 : UNCO • l 706 1,703 !8 1 iO t CO 186 189 00 Oi O CO CO CM CO 00 1,486 142 1, 283 2, 703| 2,593 6,760 • Oi ! S 2,663 2,447 2,979 6, 443 :s : i CM . • CO 600 ‘I co 93 OS © 00 05 cm 00 2,980 831 3, 371 89, 331 1 37, 516 1,181 14, 938 2,106 2, 316 2, 424 309 2,431 4, 466 1,201 4, 974 1,171 OS© 114 50 9 76, 551 1 auiHOSHNoa^onocooNH ->#1 NOOOOH)^^N'ft.!Ot"fNOO 00 HOVOaCSNt'ONNlOOMtOO CO »ocf ^'^'eoo^co'ioeo V*cf^T*eo 20,950 1,088 10, 240 1,611 567 628 133 969 1,843 1,264 2, 396 411 »o CO 678 8,784 161 5, 769| s 207 378 oocooo©^ oOOicoi^ocM hNWWNh 158 2, 138 437 233 165 2,226 416 245 63 CO t'— CO CO CO iO CO CO CO N N CO CO i-4 *o Oi 00 1-4 g - 183, 486 1 11,336 7,254 1.203 8,208 12, 414 9, 338 24,642 6,406 9. 204 19, 702 10, 454 7,635 11,526 24, 371 11,547 7,604 641 85,713 lONrHCOO5lONlC«000'>»lNOi‘Ot^aO>N OS S 00 08 2 OS eo § S 00 CO *o © c$ 00 S ^ to" ■^'coeo toco".— k«o‘-^“ofcoos‘'eo‘'co‘ .-T 42, 012 1,709 21,989 2,429 761 1,233 353 1,852 3, 641 1,557 6, 593 895 cotoeooco 2^88 3, 905 1 r- CO .OOOOOOIO-OSQ CO IHH^ifiOOU oo HHHl-c S2SS 2 r-OH 154 CO CO 00 Oi CO O • 00 CM D- i t'. CM i o Oi § oT 1,831 TfNOJWiCHOCOO OOnOiWOiNHOO »0^rt««WcDN 356 2,015 611 414 121 244 CO CO CO 1-i o 668 185 1,042 113 1-4 CM CM o 376 1,905 1,986 1,910 380 1,909 949 2,669 2, 462 1,847 2,611 4, 858 2,450 2,013 532 602 co co Oi Oi CO r* ^ 00 ^ CO CO CM CO CO CO O Oi iO CM 00^^ CM CO il *81 I cT Not'Nooa^oioMaaag^io os 3 « ?S §5 2 i? © 08 § 3 « >o co oo 3 eo pfefefeo ca ©' iS of o' eo ci" of 2,306 2,650 1,262 1,660 494 4,176 1,462 6, 417 723 00 CO O CM o s of C5 MNhOOh»ONNOw!DO«OQNCO CO ■•J* CO CO •»< r-t os 00 IQ r- 00 CO CO os >o os CO co ^ oi r~ o oo oj o «-t co -* co co eoeo^T»o*cf^f'cjfcoofco'oo'‘eo»o'tfcoio eo' 89, 294 NtH^»OlOH»OCO05»ON OfOCDCOCJOOOCOfHiOCC corj c > <1 h II 11 Maryland. . Mississippi. . . Mnrth Pnrnlinn Oklahoma . 1 Smith Oarnllna Tennessee . Texas.. . . . Virginia . . . West Virginia . District of Columbia . Arizona . . . . California Colorado . Idaho . Montana Nevada . . Np.w Maxim Oregon . Utah . Washington _ _ Wyoming... . . Outlying parts of the United States: A laska <1 c c 1 * !§ !C js iC Hawaii g 5 \S il Virgin Islands . i Fuel only. * Estimated. 3 Less than $500. Note.— Due to rounding, detail may not add to totals. Table 26. — Current expenditures for fixed charges and expenditures for debt service , by State: 1951-52 [In thousands of dollars] 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 05 O CO CO > oo o 05 9 £ S,§ E « 5s "S'0 nog 5 § £ 2,2 >» P-t O 03 ° ^ o o> ^ tHCO I iO 1C o > GO GO PhcTh & g 3 c3 g 3 Pn o c* co ^ eo * ■gga| Z°p w S g-d bf fl to C ® fl 3 S3 .3 0 r! oj ht: .2 cu ■gilJS-S I M ^ lii^l “g.g^a CO CO < O v iO CO ( •ON t-h O (M iO i-h CO CO 05 ^iOhoOOCOOOh ICOCO OT . g di IIIH.SS a ^aSS-S-gS:!!* g oS£ZZz£tf> g 33SWSS!s!ZZom£ o o Z Z P'S* a %B%n o §| ? a 2 s a z: li'g’io •SPs 2 s»,a ~.s og 43 o STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 iS»SI88i iiliiill rf cs^T coe-f ;>h' -TtjT 00- c % • Ot ;ss 5,714 is ils !is \y |r-r : i— r \y Irn-co j ! ; j i i 5 C b edness, end of year (cols. 5 and 6) - W at w GO r- 4, 493, 892 1, 115, 535 96,635 7,810 9, 405 180, 259 544, 838 226, 858 41,715 8, 015 1, 346, 612 398, 459 70, 145 83, 613 159, 822 108, 184 68, 573 30, 850 8, 287 357, 014 11, 967 49, 698 | indebted¬ ness, end of year CD N CD O w CD w «* 255,642 62, 429 7,682 1,231 20, 026 25, 434 6, 655 1,401 166, 439 112, 002 828 6,558 5, 170 367 1, 010 268 19, 572 2,204 9 18, 458 Bonds out¬ standing, end of year (cols. 2-4) kft o w CD US 4, 238, 250 1, 053, 106 88, 953 6, 580 9, 405 180, 259 524, 812 201, 425 35, 060 6, 614 1, 180, 173 286, 456 69, 317 83, 613 153, 264 103, 014 68, 206 29, 840 8, 018 337, 442 9, 763 31, 240 2 Bonds retired during year - $257, 790 81, 692 O CD lO »C H tH 05 rHTf CO^OOWNO cDNCOCSrf OOCO us esT ad oT ^ HCOH 71,197 12, 856 4,506 5, 683 13, 614 5, 603 4, 530 622 667 19, 233 662 3, 220 ! Bonds issued during year for new capi¬ tal outlay e* CD W CD at 891, 093 288, 078 32, 945 2, 354 2, 904 30, 028 197, 300 12, 598 2 9, 543 406 265, 456 62, 521 11,069 21, 289 44, 484 26, 975 13, 827 11, 327 1,214 64, 233 2, 428 6,089 Bonds out¬ standing, beginning of year N $3, 604, 947 846, 721 OOC^COUSCNl^CD^ C0 05tH^05 00HUS »-r ■ c'f us1 cT co o CO co o CO HCON 985, 914 236, 791 62, 754 68, 007 122, 395 81, 642 58, 909 19, 135 7, 471 292, 443 7, 996 28, 371 Region and State - Continental United States (est.) - 43 States . . NORTHEAST-. . Connecticut - - Maine. - . . - New Jersey . New York _ Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island . . Vermont.. . . . North Central . . y C P Iowa.. . . . . Michigan _ _ Minnesota . . . Missouri . . Nebraska _ North Dakota . . Ohio s _ _ South Dakota. . . Wisconsin . . . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 O I- o « o a 2o E? sg a = d - •= II |f | §»■= g SS'S Q 'd’d’O | d d d I. 73 73 73 w o 2 " = £ ill otCS co~ ® $ S-o 'd’d Q d d" •22 to"0 -d .2 . Z, a-o ® .5 5 e d ^di^ fig®^ 03 61)0 mmftflflO 'O t3 £•" 0,0 ddSlJ g> I!® 3= a S§g?£g . .H .H ^ o oo <2 ’ooa 5S-25 ■'** Oi +* ^ CO £> O co m D> G co m ai ® ® d ® ® T3T3 u — 'O’d d d ® § d d Hag'll """a"" Table 29. — Expenditures for public elementary and secondary education per capita , per child aged 5-17, and per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance, by State: 1951-52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 80 Per capita income 3 05 $1,581 iO'+OON!NNNiOCO HNNM»05CO*0 05 Oco©c$e$© 8 © ^ ^ © © © © eo ^ © oo ^ ^ c^©^©©©©eo©f^c4©a6r^©^H © i i-H CS b- O* r-4 ^ D4 CO © CO i-i co © © c* © 105. 44 68. 88 135.13 79. 62 47. 23 49. 66 55. 88 50.98 95. 82 61.51 79. 27 56. 43 84. 20 1.42 7. 05 7. 26 1.94 © X 150.06 123. 44 317.83 206.12 165. 81 150. 65 237. 40 242. 62 95. 73 175. 62 226. 36 153. 95 148. 07 223. 29 168. 64 183. 30 301.19 291.67 262. 71 « 260. 72 253. 16 211.64 302.14 262. 96 261.18 316.10 196. 36 283. 77 311.63 322. 51 211.48 143. 79 225. 23 78. 31 122. 26 CO © © © © © © © t"» CO ^ ^ r-t © ‘C«HH ‘ i-‘ «2g -!&g|If*lsss u c3 0,2 o o © cs >> SJ ;N ’ ,Pi " ^’361-2 j§g§|§£ ^OOKAh> 1 Daily expenditure computed by dividing annual expenditures (column 3) by the 3 Source: Survey of Current Rusiness, August 1063 (U. 8. Department of Commerce, average length of the school term. Oflice of Business Economics). J Includes total expenditures for day schools (current expenditures, capital outlay, 4 Data not available, and interest) and expenditures for summer, evening, and adult classes. 5 Computed amount furnished by State. Table 30. — Current expenditure (allocable to pupil costs ) per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1929-30 to 1951-52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 1951-52 O ** 291. 25 181.31 266. 96 254.63 312.07 351. 78 264. 17 258. 51 219.83 291. 48 253. 22 260. 57 245. 95 267. 47 276. 92 211. 63 245. 54 256. 21 232. 44 250. 72 284. 58 1949-50 9) eo QO GO O & 254.62 157. 47 236. 44 210. 51 279. 81 295. 02 215. 76 240. 40 192. 87 258.46 235. 49 230. 53 218. 57 219. 55 242. 24 173. 57 217. 07 226. 27 202. 12 230. 34 230.01 1947-48 GO $179.43 217. 44 133. 04 213. 98 187. 15 250. 59 256. 90 184. 42 220. 69 166. 99 223. 19 217. 35 188. 98 190. 86 198. 47 213. 06 164. 08 180. 97 182. 07 191. 61 193. 65 191. 47 1945-46 r* $136.41 CO 00 © CO CO © 00 d CO CO CO CO CO 00 © 00 00 GO 00 HIOOOWCOOICO^OOON »d^cOT-4t^t^t^(Nodr^cot>^ S 2 S 13 52 S 52 2 i2 2 1943-44 © 8 CD 151.09 83. 17 161. 00 119. 66 185. 07 185. 12 131.14 148. 87 111.97 158.02 111.27 116. 08 114. 58 124. 21 134. 29 100. 58 112. 01 118. 88 124. 86 130. 82 127.31 1941-42 © $98.31 OONCOOOONOOS^ 05NONHC00JW»0C0C005 OONt^NOOOSOJOO 05 05^W05Nt^Ht0HC0O ^’oiddoooocoNco o6©©©T-4oocd©o5©©© C*©CO© >OCOOMO) © ,-h © © CO ^ 00 Tt< 1-t © HiHTfOCOCOCO^OOCOO© ©cd’tjirHcdcdoikdid ©©cdc^c^©©-^^©©^ o © t-H © CO © © © 00 f-H 00 00 00 © © 00 © © 00 © 1933-34 eo GO CO 82.12 52.09 95.69 79. 67 102. 53 124. 13 75. 04 86. 97 59. 76 78. 18 60.20 65. 44 60. 19 67.68 75.15 60. 27 57. 48 67. 32 72. 51 62.29 71.99 1929-30 N O r* CO oo © © © h © © © t-h © © oo oo © © © t>- © 00 © © © 00 t'- O* © © eH 00 CS © © © CO »-H o4©©c4-^t^i^©^ c: c4 c4 co 5.4 t^©k00500t^CS|05t>.pH05CO ccGOt^kOT^cot^c^^^eokO Average cost per pupil trans¬ ported CD eo o> SB 36. 89 34. 57 36. 47 43. 42 39. 37 52.66 34. 60 48.47 58.24 48.96 58.06 48. 57 59. 16 70. 55 47.08 75.47 46. 83 66. 84 24.44 63. 84 62.46 Expenditures of public funds for transporta¬ tion exclud¬ ing capital outlay *** GO Ci CD OD GO CD Cv? eo- 50, 140, 534 3, 000, 728 2, 164, 705 4, 158, 053 1, 195, 632 5, 616, 184 17, 851, 636 14, 591, 146 619, 313 943, 137 91,839,944 12, 334, 214 2 13, 000, 000 8, 375, 555 4, 596, 912 11, 675, 908 11, 056, 897 8, 681, 543 1,476,836 1, 261, 096 11,258,349 1, 056, 827 7, 065, 807 Number of vehicles operated at public ex¬ pense 131,005 19,831 1,150 1,311 1,563 743 2,086 6, 000 6, 941 129 908 42,471 ©kCt^©TfT-if-i ©'^kOCOOOCOCOl^I^CO'^ COt^t^kOQOcDt^kOTfOOCOCO 1C kC CO cfco CO CO CD kC 'd © O ft 1 CO Percent of total w 29.0 21.2 coco^coo»o»ocdh 25.3 -^t^cOCOOOcDkO»-Hi-HOOcO!> ‘a 3 a •g o c H Number | N 7,697, 130 CM~ 3 CO CO^O^CO^CDrHCDOiT^OCXNCOCO ^OOOOhINNO^WiOOOCDhN © NfOiOOCOONCOOCDcOOOCCON tJ4 co ao©TjT© iCco‘co'*^Ti-r^eo »c toco tjT OO^ CON(NNhcOOhO^COh(N C*rH § CO I ©©©cotoco©©oo©© T*40’— <0©©00©©CS© ©O(N(Nh©©N00(NN ©" oo ^ © tC tC (nf i-T iC © ©^©t^CM CON©HH S8 © Tt4 CO © CM © © CO © CO 8g^~ © 3 »OCDM(N^OOOOOO(NOOOOiOHC^ CO OOiHNTf(N»OC^NCOC*:05C^©©COrHCMOO©©© CO CM CO 05 00 ^ to ^J4 rH 00 to © CM © s s' HC005iH05WiHHtOC5tOC0NtOtON CO Tt4 rH C^l CO Tt4 00 ^ O 05 i-H rH ^ 00 to t-H od o co 6 co 6 6 ^ cd in n m‘ oo d 6 rH CM CO CM CM CM CO CO CM rH tJ4 rH 0* 00 CM CM cm © © 3 C5fO©©©©CM©CO©© ©00©©CM''34'4*4©COCMCO ©©©f^rHCOrH©©©© co^^cooo©©cocMcot^ 8 © CO © CM 00 © © CM rH CO S8 CO I' oT 00 tOOHCOtOOSNONONCOHOO o OONO^OOOOHOcOtOtOCOO^N rH 05 00 to 05 I-4 CO co to O to rH CO O O 05 rt4 CM © of CM" 00 CO to CM~ CO O CO © ©"oO CO CO 00 to to 00 00 CO to CO 1-4 05 to 05 to Tt4 co to lO CO c0Ht0N^05NH(NC0HOWC0C0 05 to CO t>^tC«*4~©t>T© CO CO of CO CO CO £ to 3 CO '^4rHCO Is flQ 3 3 PhPh g “ ^ t> 23 0 u, ® O chq 85 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 32. — Public summer schools and adult education: Number of teachers , enrollment , and expenditures, by State: 1951-52 Summer schools Adult education classes Region and State Teachers Enroll¬ ment Expend¬ itures Teachers Enroll¬ ment Expend¬ itures * 2 3 4 5 6 7 30 States and the District of Columbia: Northeast: Connecticut . . - .. _ 679 3, 051 2,882 54, 991 1,681 26, 264 587, 921 389,052 46, 187 744, 338 157,165 43,676 23, 043 153 177 3,108 2,047 69 New Hampshire. . . . . . . 451 9,943 158,147 1,033 12, 000 1,473,980 6, 353,987 Pennsylvania _ 270 6,780 Rhode* Island . . . . 124 4, 349 67, 278 27, 101 Vermont _ _ 400 98 3,073 North Central: Iowa _ _ _ _ 94, 079 130, 000 12,295 Michigan _ _ _ 5, 200 691 1, 461, 003 84, 632 2, 440, 999 2, 537, 412 Minnesota . . . . - Ohio _ _ 632 18, 390 232, 525 113, 555 1,082 45,317 Wisconsin _ _ _ South: Alabama _ _ _ _ 384, 646 14, 349 2,162,155 2, 751, 934 45, 479 1,096,605 Delaware _ _ _ 31 3, 399 Florida.. _ _ 153 2, 679 736 33, 461 Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana. . . . . . . . 1,500 490 12, 322 18, 280 Maryland _ _ 80 4,145 3, 542 28,148 Mississippi . . . . . . . South Carolina _ _ _ _ 384 8,103 2,301,334 3, 425, 625 843, 646 353,826 Tennessee _ _ Virginia . . . 752 14, 236 8,251 172, 798 88, 901 1,374 54, 231 13, 524 District of Columbia _ _ 296 279 West: California . . . . 3,079 400, 087 23, 592 Colorado. _ _ _ .. . Montana _ _ _ 84, 277 49, 517 93, 995 430, 177 Nevada _ _ _ 59 1,793 36, 289 1 65, 242 Utah . . . . . 326 13,308 63, 319 686 Washington . . Outlying parts of the United States: Canal Zone _ _ _ _ _ 7 333 2,700 10 771 21,800 229, 132 Hawaii _ _ .. _ _ i 413 11,824 Puerto Rico . . 93 2,025 37, 985 274 11,888 310, 396 Includes 4 full-time and 409 part-time. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 Table 33. — Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1919-20 to 1951-52 I 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 Total Negro population 1 - Negro school-age population, 5-17 years, inclusive 1 - Percent school-age population is of total population - 9, 090, 532 2, 899, 246 31.9 9, 585, 417 2, 902, 657 30.3 10,149, 005 2, 827, 565 27.5 10, 522, 495 2 2, 805, 917 2 26.4 Total number of pupils enrolled - Elementary (Kindergarten-grade 8) - 2,103, 715 2, 282, 578 2, 428, 842 2, 396, 946 2, 472, 333 2, 070, 374 2, 169, 992 2, 174, 262 2,058, 914 }, 971 Boys. Girls. 992, 401 1,077, 973 1,039, 227 1,130, 765 1,072,281 1,101,981 1,043, 658 1,015,256 1,067, 929 1,032, 042 Secondary (Grades 9-12, incl. post¬ graduates) _ _ _ 33, 341 112, 586 254, 580 338, 032 372, 362 Boys. Girls. 12, 392 20, 949 40, 533 72, 053 102, 678 151,902 144, 820 193, 212 162, 058 210, 304 Percent of total population enrolled. _ Percent of school age population enrolled.. Percent secondary enrollment is of total enrollment - Average daily attendance _ Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled - Percent of enrolled pupils in daily attend- 23.1 72.6 1.6 Average length of school term, in days _ Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled during the year _ 1, 416, 206 168, 414, 206 67.3 119 23.8 78.6 4.9 1,645, 518 217, 754, 344 23.9 85.9 10.5 1,953, 401 305, 344, 350 22.8 85.4 14.1 2, 044, 518 354, 606, 908 80 72.1 132 97 »0. 4 156 126 85.3 173 148 15.1 2,101,000 369, 903, 000 85.0 176 150 Total instructional staff _ Supervisors _ Principals _ Teachers and other instructional staff. . Elementary _ _ _ 38, 560 (3) (3) 38,560 51,278 (3) (3) 51,278 64, 476 232 964 63, 280 74, 558 375 2, 822 71,361 78, 952 447 3, 287 75, 218 37, 625 46, 047 53,981 53, 279 54, 376 Men _ Women. Secondary.. Men _ Women. 6, 398 31,227 6, 246 39, 801 7,883 46, 098 4, 308 48, 971 5,111 49, 265 935 5, 231 9,299 18. 082 20, 842 2, 395 2, 836 4, 575 4, 724 7, 091 10, 991 8, 483 12, 359 Total high school graduates. Boys... . . . . Girls _ 30, 009 11,014 18, 995 45,291 18, 459 26, 832 49, 851 19,544 30, 307 Average annual salary per member of in¬ structional staff (for States reporting): Unadjusted _ Adjusted 5 . . . . . $601 1,132 ‘$2,143 2,381 4 $2, 587 2,587 1 Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. 2 Statistics for nonwhite population; data for Negro population not available. Negroes constituted 98.8 percent of the total nonwhite group for these areas as a whole. 3 Included with teachers. 4 For 10 States reporting in 1949-50 and 11 States in 1951-52. * Adjusted for purchasing power in 1951-52 dollars. 341365 — 55 - 7 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 o ~o c * c 59 O •C00 G» 3 H < £ a < 05 H C3 Jj Pn-3 3 0 ■sS a 2 "C C3 Ph ft 00 Is W3 >> o d (j CC o 03 & 3 003 rf 60 . "3 •s fli-S g mil ^ «Ps © 3 >» 35 © >3 wgs •30*® 3 o ,2 | : IIS'S IMCO l-^COH > o o > ^ lO i-H >H NCD *C I 00 *0 CO 05 05 OCOOOOO CX) 1CD05N CCOOINN HidOOJN *C IIOHIN CS ‘O 0} CM CO O CO *0 00 H ICO* - * ■ • ‘ . c* co ^ oo *o *0 000 00- O o§ 52s3 K3N 'f OJ |o i rt « «8 5^1 425 1 “S3 a ; {j g g •g 9 g-frc o go 9 S3 3* :.g i e? 05-53 d> § S £ *2 ‘So pQ S rtC b «1-£ 0 hQ lcluded with teachers and other instructional staff, •istribution by level estimated. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 Distribution by sex estimated. Table 36. — Number of pupils enrolled by grade , in full-time Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1951-52 ° Secondary school pupils Post¬ grad¬ uate hr) HEN 00 NIAL S *** URVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 iiiii i ic i— (ii i i i i » » oo i l l 1 1 1 l H li lllli l 04 1 iiiii l li lllli l I lllli 1 li lllli l | IIIII 1 II 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 lllli 1 li IIIII 1 | lllli 1 li . 1 1 lllli 1 II IIIII 1 1 Fourth year a© o as ccT M5 6, 139 2, 044 193 3,469 2, 818 1, 130 4, 047 1, 971 3, 249 2, 212 7,964 1, 394 4, 198 3,071 6, 569 3,858 1, 105 1, 477 Third year CD w D* COOOIOHIO (NOIMNCO COt^cOCOfN © fH h COCCI'-©^ CO©kO©rt< NiONHCO iO D* W 22, 076 9, 044 812 11,895 23, 170 3, 426 17, 944 7, 770 21, 364 4, 870 25, 150 3, 338 20, 225 10, 043 19, 006 15, 131 2,221 4, 362 Fifth grade as o ©* 24,203 9, 785 884 12, 886 26, 082 3, 569 20, 027 8, 211 25, 219 5,281 27, 421 3, 423 22, 738 11, 097 20, 359 15, 838 2, 434 4, 683 Fourth grade g© 0© 3 CD D? 26,139 10,458 ! 966 29^ 367 3,900 22, 101 8, 722 28, 955 5, 644 29, 002 3, 506 25, 408 11, 978 21, 585 18, 331 2, 674 4, 826 Third grade ©• 385,911 28, 387 11, 293 1,015 14, 452 31, 472 3,914 24, 027 9,084 31, 095 6, 306 30, 910 3, 630 27,411 12, 249 22, 879 19, 807 2, 499 5,481 Second grade CD 387, 116 26, 081 11, 378 1, 056 15, 336 32, 861 3, 624 24, 776 8, 664 32, 271 6, 092 31, 426 3, 591 28, 247 12, 080 22, 646 19, 523 2,443 5, 021 First grade kD w G© CD 37, 979 20, 254 1, 102 17, 732 47, 870 4, 317 32, 966 9, 601 72, 757 9, 058 37, 151 4, 588 42, 499 15, 808 30, 465 24, 117 3, 254 5,264 Kinder¬ garten - CD D? as 124 145 1, 436 813 1,711 3, 455 4, 584 807 1, 975 4,076 Total eo 3, 099,971 200, 814 86, 509 7, 372 106, 237 226, 883 29, 597 171, 670 67, 937 244, 030 50, 240 223, 714 28, 779 198, 444 90, 783 168, 594 136, 485 19, 798 42, 085 Total enroll¬ ment N ©0 CO CO dT r* N 239,373 100, 101 8, 765 127, 531 255, 870 36, 404 198, 257 80, 715 268, 348 61, 997 273, 188 36, 902 227, 658 110, 780 206, 592 162, 268 25, 978 51, 606 State - 17 States and the District of Co¬ lumbia _ Alabama . _ . Arkansas . . . Delaware. . . . Florida _ ... _ Georgia.. _ _ Kentucky. _ _ _ Louisiana.. . . . Maryland... ... . . Mississippi . _ Missouri _ _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma... . . . South Carolina. . . _ Tennessee _ _ Texas.. . . . Virginia _ _ West Virginia _ _ District of Columbia _ Table 37. — Total number of pupils enrolled by grade, in full-time Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1940-41 to 1951-52 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 1951-52 a « eo n 2,099, 971 372, 362 19, 126 416, 782 287, 116 285, 911 267, 548 244, 140 221, 847 196, 285 161,216 135, 148 103, 050 77, 212 » 56, 908 1950-51 l ao w w C* 2,094,132 350, 096 14, 441 439, 265 298, 686 279, 490 261,921 241,073 213, 116 187, 954 168, 186 127, 534 99, 066 * 73, 085 50, 380 31 1949-60 - © © cs e» « 2,058,914 338, 032 14, 218 466, 099 288, 179 270, 643 258, 969 232, 212 206, 173 180, 369 142, 052 124, 461 3 95, 202 68, 678 49, 564 127 1948-49 i © © US us e*s N 2, 032, 875 318, 629 13, 966 473, 704 286, 110 267, 942 253, 336 226, 846 201,085 177, 821 132, 065 3 118,119 88, 795 63, 537 48, 087 91 1947-48 © N to © CD o ec N 2, 006, 836 299, 226 13, 714 481, 309 284,041 265, 240 247, 703 221, 481 195, 996 175, 273 » 122,079 111,776 82, 388 58, 396 46, 611 55 X X CD QCr N N 2, 000, 447 285, 694 12,118 496, 112 281, 577 263, 238 247, 998 222, 042 194, 556 3 170, 546 O ^ © 05 3 SS $ § S 00 g | g? 8 3 1945-46 ® «D CD W e* 1, 994, 057 272, 163 10, 523 510,915 279, 112 261, 236 248, 293 222, 603 3 193, 116 165, 818 102, 441 101,855 76, 786 54, 932 38, 466 124 1944-45 » c© GO r» ©s 2, 011,712 259, 769 9, 519 525, 339 280, 640 266, 486 251, 583 J 224, 057 194, 707 164, 723 94, 658 100, 502 72, 595 51,313 35, 228 131 1943-44 us N o* ccT w N 2, 029, 368 247, 374 8, 515 539, 762 282, 170 271, 737 3 254, 872 225, 511 196, 298 163, 629 86, 874 99, 148 68, 404 47, 695 31, 989 138 1942-43 » - 2, 331,607 2, 071, 328 260, 279 7, 927 566, 566 288, 461 a 275. 861 255, 859 229, 915 197, 086 167, 802 81,851 101,044 71, 338 51,097 36, 244 556 1941-42 CD ao *s R 2,113,288 273, 183 OiCft CO CO CD iO core n rf? § n 279, 985 256, 845 234, 320 197,874 171, 974 76, 829 102, 939 74, 272 54, 498 40, 500 974 1940-41 l N us CD O R 2, 143, 775 263, 882 005 00 1-H ^ 05 NN s 303, 079 287, 511 265, 633 236, 259 198, 054 165, 724 67, 116 101,017 71, 758 51,899 38, 354 854 Item - Total enroll¬ ment _ Elementary schools _ High schools . Number in each grade: Kindergarten . .. First . Second . . . Third. . Fourth.. . Fifth _ _ Sixth . Seventh . Eighth. . First year high school. .. Second year high school. Third year high school .. Fourth year high school - Postgraduate.-. . - 8 d s c Ul 341365—55 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 p — 3 3 g =2 cn g-d § m.2 p j3 ® 'd’3 Q ® ®*o ,|8§ 3£.8 9 •2 A) fl w 5 o STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 Average Length of School Term in Days, 1919-20 to 1951-62 1951-52 Second¬ ary W 176.8 171.6 186.6 180. 1 180.0 180.1 179.0 182.4 169.0 I ikO 'N O O 05 1 1 05 1 o’ CO 00 » ' N- 'N 00 N- i i i Elemen¬ tary 177. 1 171.6 181.5 180.1 180.0 176.9 179.0 182.5 157.0 176.9 175.3 180.0 173.0 176.7 1 Total - 176.1 177.0 171.6 182.8 180. 1 180.0 177.8 179.0 182.5 158.1 190.6 179.9 176.9 177.4 178. 1 175.2 180.0 173.0 177.4 1949-50 o CO CONCOOO t*00t*» oon* HHHHH HHHHH HHHHrH tH t-H f-H 1939-40 o 90 kO OHNTjtN O CO 05 Tf^ts-coko ^ oo oo co r>» ^ co co oor^ !>• HHHHH HHHHH HHHHH HH r-4 1929-30 c© N eo OHCOWCO ocoooo CO CO 00 CO CO ICON® HOJNOCO kO Tf o rH LC CO ION N- 1919-20 - 120 kOWHHN it^H i H H GO H CO IHC l i i i I'- ■ Tt< 1 • N- N- 00 o o £ 3 -S X i 95 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 o ■lo e 6 O ■*. v ■ft o “t) c © V* Of "o to o s A c « O cs ft- g£ &!»*“ *• .S o o gs a ■*. s & a 'f o ■o «*• o M "D c s 3 o _c tl Value of school property 3 $31,000 14, S40 25,061 • CO ' CM CO • H » 05 » CO o 1 ^ 1 CO CO 1 Ol 1 CO CM Annual Expenditures Per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Interest eo ! co ! ! 1 CO • I : 1 • o > i ' a > i i 539 330 363 New build¬ ings, sites, and altera¬ tions eo »ONC oo a oo^ i i si • r 3 ; ;§ r ! ^ 15^ 017 1,758 2, 947 Total ** $1,743 2, 267 8, 920 Q 18Q 6, 889 7,993 15. 555 2, 088 3,310 State c l c < Arkansas. . . Florida . - . vjeuifcia - Louisiana . . . - Maryland . - . . MISSISSIPPI - - . . . . North Carolina . . . South Carolina J . . . . ■i 1 c < < CO *! d j X ( ? l 3 a 3 2 3 ;> 3 9 5 3 TJ dw 5 >. on H 11 d »j »2 T30 is as 0.H 80 20 S2 32 as Ow STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 97 r I 4 Current expendi¬ ture per pupil m average aauy attendance Negro 2 £ 1 107. 84 76. 93 igs i !§s 149. 60 ' ^ i IS 261. 43 White 2 £ 1 172. 48 137. 76 ias i is? m ! iss 186. 30 is i is i i i i a IMS Average annual salary per mem¬ ber of instruc¬ tional staff Negro 2 1 sC c4W ill ill! : « - oo o oo Isilg SSSgS Sg S White OD 153.4 »ooo©t>«© i-iv-ico^o r>- mm mm mm ss s Length of school £ § S 1 Negro i 177.0 171.6 182.8 180. 1 180.0 177.8 179.0 182.5 158. 1 190.6 179.9 176.9 177.4 178.1 175.2 180.0 173.0 177.4 White • 177.4 ©Ot^*H© »0 © ^ GO ^ ©t^OCMOCO © fH CO ggggg ggggg gsggg IS g Instructional staff Negro 8 s isisi sssea sissi n § tCcf rr* -TKOefcOr-f oo'-TtCfOtC «5 -h White 287,475 sssis asses nsn i§ i s's-s‘2 assist ssssss c'2 - Enrollment Negro 1 £ 6SS3S ISSli SHIS is I §I”S§ ***** gsgs'i fa s' White g i §§§§! Islii SBS|S 11 S ii==i isi§3 mm m * F-H State - 17 States and the District of Co¬ lumbia . Alabama . Arkansas . Florida. . . . . Georgia . Kentucky... . Louisiana . Maryland . . . j h IP South Carolina . Tennessee . . Texas . . . Virginia . West Virginia . District of Columbia . fl Jj 3 oo aa it Table 43.— Estimated number of instructional staff employed in nonpublic ( denominational and nonsectarian) schools , by State: 1951-52 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Secondary Women s CD N CD W 9, 710 637 269 1,832 154 1, 237 2,303 2,938 154 186 k as 1,621 424 554 236 1, 544 680 744 306 107 1, 975 91 804 Men as 3 6,829 751 219 1, 130 266 745 1, 977 1, 423 205 113 3,925 00^N»OO05i0N0)NNN c000GT(NH00 00 05i0c0O05 00 r-H 03 1-H 04 CO CO Total QO 41, 701 16,539 1, 388 488 2,962 420 1,982 4,280 4,361 359 299 13,011 2,489 608 836 361 1, 954 1,129 403 166 2,742 158 1, 196 Elementary (including kindergarten) Women - 76,881 33,095 030^^000^*005 lO CO H O lO rf © OS 00 T*< CO OS 04 r-T CO CO 26,785 5,599 1, 599 1, 740 857 3,065 2,183 2,307 708 320 4, 573 280 3,554 Men CD 5,473 1,449 1 1 iO(N^>OOOWO • i 2,172 CO^OOCOOOt^t^rHCOOOTj4!^ C0HIOO3T* (NOOHIO © T-H lO 1-1 Total ID eo of OD 34,544 ■^(NOOOOOOOiOO O NOCON»OOCOOO »o U*. ^ CO |> CO © 04 r-T Tjf CO" 28,957 04coooeoeo©^ 246 758 4,687 16, 051 10, 344 1,149 475 35.871 1 7, 220 2, 023 2,294 1, 093 4,609 2, 863 3, 051 1,014 427 6, 548 371 4, 358 Men CD 20, 918 00 S3 00 796 261 1, 184 301 765 2,987 1, 626 245 113 6,097 1, 901 198 440 221 958 296 392 221 115 825 81 449 Total N W5 O w 51,083 (NOOONOOO^OO 05 CO CO u: 1C CO N 05 00 OCHN^O^OOCOiO cf r-T t-f i-T of i-T t-T 896 ‘If r-»i-HT*l^t>~©CO*OC*COC^t^ (NWCOHCO»O^CO^N»0© T-HC^t^COiOrH^C^tOCO^OO of of of t-Tio co co r-T t> Region and State - Continental United States - Northeast. . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . Maine . . .. . . . . . . Massachusetts . . New Hampshire. . . New Jersey _ _ _ _ New York. . . . . . . Pennsylvania . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . North Central... . . . . Illinois _ Indiana _ .. _ _ Iowa _ _ .. _ . Kansas. . . . . . . Michigan _ .. _ _ Minnesota... . . . Missouri . . Nebraska . . . North Dakota . . . . Ohio - - - - South Dakota . . . . . Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 99 s 3s*SHSS8a8SaS8S3 1 2,886 iojoo*or}«corhr^*- of SS»§§S3lsSS5||is S HNCOOHNOHiOOM OOOHIO O r-t F-l C* s N l§112!ls!§as!!II 1 rtVf © cd CDC^CD»D»OCO^COCDI^»0 lOrJ-H^iOHOHiOCiH f-< CD ^ fH N« cC © l§sislggaslslsll 1 -T-Tr^ rH* S3 co CD N-XiOOWDINOiOTf CO to © ,°S«S"88g3SSS8§JSS S3 »C GO ^iCDXO i GO CD (M GO DM ^ CO O CS T HCDNCOOMNNDNM NOD^rH^-HNQXN hOOfHCO »o ^ oo CO 05c^oai-»c^a)cot^^c^ cOCONhOWXhO»C»Ohh CO1 CS Cfof»0 00»O Of *-f CO»OefiH of 1 29, 725 2S82§£8§2SfS£ OOCNON^OhX 1-HHfTeC w* 1-T i-H 50 8 of o HCOrHHOiOiO^CONOOOS^ON^ © >OXOHCWNM»C^MOOOOH 1-h cor^co CO »Q 05 CO O © O* CO CO *0 to © hJ< 1 OtOtONOHCCC HOJXHOCDNHCOJO OiHCOOtO^WCO-^^N efi-fio" of co" of CO 1-H § NOOOOINiOiONOOtO^ONOiO CD 1 ®l0rt®ON00rt05Q0>OiH«U)M00 ; ri‘oo co- ^ e4“ V ^ co o os' cfV'ci'Vei" <0 00 00 00 r-"" ,-< s CO 14,414 6,595 9,215 22, 020 7, 211 41, 500 78, 267 64, 495 9, 468 5, 945 9, 966 4, 227 11, 676 73, 989 17, 005 7, 778 15, 145 258,985 8, 285 153, 436 21, 468 3, 572 10, 617 863 16, 909 14, 696 2,114 24, 280 2,745 © s - c* © co »o ao ^h co co © N^WOOOiOCCSO^CONN^iHCO OfHCO»ON<00^ *0 ©^©"r^i-f^^t^CO ao of© 00 »o CO © © 1-H HNHI0 05NH 1-1 HaNH Ol 321,558 10, 296 184, 633 26, 856 4, 187 13, 182 1,329 20, 131 19,011 2, 515 36, 473 2, 945 South . . . - . 1 Alabama . . Arkansas.. . . . Delaware . - . - . Florida . . - . - - - Georgia . Kentucky - - - Louisiana . . . Maryland. . . . Mississippi . . . North Carolina . . . . Oklahoma- . . - . South Carolina . - . . . Tennessee . - - - . Texas.. . - . Virginia . - . - . West Virginia . . . . . District of Columbia. . . . . West . . . Arizona. . - - . California . . - Colorado - - - Idaho . . . Montana . . . Nevada _ _ _ _ New Mexico . . . Oregon . . . . Utah . . . . Washington . . . Wyoming . Table 45— Catholic elementary and secondary schools: Number of schools, teachers, and pupils: 1951-52 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Number of Pupils Enrolled Secondary schools Girls 3 eo | o* 119, 084 3,203 1, 541 19, 056 2, 147 12, 254 44, 840 31, 996 2, 960 1, 087 113, 136 30, 010 4, 422 6, 129 2,436 20, 525 6, 361 8, 473 2, 890 1, 217 19, 932 914 9,827 Boys OO M3 C5 O* 1 CD eo N 93,358 2,375 1,429 13, 525 1, 084 9,966 35, 104 26, 317 2, 830 728 90, 175 1 22, 912 3, 192 5, 080 2, 066 15, 332 5, 029 7, 137 2, 604 1, 087 17, 663 593 7,480 Total, includ¬ ing un¬ distrib¬ uted w 548, 566 i 216,716 OOHHMNOOiO NNOOCOCOOOOOSCQ 0 07»0(NNN05NOi of of co co »-r oo *o r-T CO W 00 iQ 211,539 05 05(MC0OhC0C0h(Nhh HOOC^COiOr-iOJCO^OOCO CO 00 of ^ CO of CO kO of of r-f OO kO r-t CO H H CO 1-M Elementary schools Girls - 1,391,793 581, 454 25, 843 12, 396 74, 575 9, 679 76, 891 217, 718 144, 663 14, 982 4,707 523,424 | 131, 877 29, 629 22, 582 12, 258 77, 907 38, 646 37, 889 11, 051 5, 101 89, 776 4,319 62, 389 Boys o eo eo ©o 1 of r* 589, 108 26, 160 12, 109 74, 125 10, 131 78, 358 221, 682 147, 331 14, 624 4, 588 537, 947 CO Tt< CO CO 00 »0 CM co CM kO 05 I kOCOr^OO^kOC^O>CO^Tt^kO 1 oo »o cm cm t-h co cm oo cm co O cfcO CM"q o"ofrH kOCO"^"kO CO CO CM r-t O0 ^ CO r-l 05 CO Total, includ¬ ing un¬ distrib¬ uted Oi CO o* of r* QO of 1, 170, 562 52, 003 24, 505 148, 700 19, 810 155, 249 439, 400 291, 994 29, 606 9,295 1,061,591 COCOkOr-tkOr-tT-tU-kCOOrttOO COON^lOOHTfCOrHOOTtt NCOHOHOONCOCONN of O co" kO oo 00 uf of o' CO cc uf co CO ^ CM kO CM I-H OO CM -f^O05C0t^C0C0O kO of oo" of rtf r-f co" oo" of of o" CO HCO^OlNOOONHfNHTtt CO rH CM rH Number of Teachers Second¬ ary schools r* o? CO o of o* 10,831 370 176 1, 550 175 1, 317 4,006 2,828 271 138 681 ‘II 05Tt*COt^kOOIOOt>^COCOOO OOcOCMO^OkOkOCOkOi-HCMCM COrttOOffOCONOSCOHOHOl of r-f of Elemen¬ tary schools CD r* of r* 29,434 NiONQONtN^HCOcO CQhiHiOCONCOXCI *-f TjT CO"©t>f 27,145 ^OOIOO^OOOOOiOrHOCO r—t CO OO CO rjH CO OO CO CO Tft 05 H COkOkOOO^OOI^COrttCM^ CDHH CO Of Of rtf CO Total 101,489 40,265 COHCOONO^NN rtCN^tONC5(N ^OC5CMi— CCC^OOrH t6VT t-T H CM CM «o cc CO ^OCDON‘0‘O^HicOOOOOcO CD CCNOOrHOCQfHDOOC^OCDDNTfiO CD »-H CD CO CD CO CD CD 05 CM CM CM CD 05 05 r-T t-H ^COCO «-T s ?3 OOtONCMtODODCMN iHNC^rfONOClOOCts •^r^ooi-too HtoHto CM »-h“ r-T r-T CM“ g oT CO rt< O »-H t-h i-h 05 tO 00 CM 05 CM 05 cO tO 00 OOO^WCDiOCO-h^DDDOOCD^N CO ^ CD ^ »0 CO 00 CM 00 to 05 to CO 00 00 O ^ CsTi^fH CO rH 05* ^ 00 1-T r-T NOhN V* 2 to g CHCDOONN^rj<00O ^COOiCMtJ-cDOOONC OO^t^cOOphONCM^CI ©^ cm cm“co »o CO CO cm 5 ^ d CD 05 ^ 05 iO 00 CD to Is* 00 CD »h N ^ CO ^00«tCMO^TfCD»H(ND^CCC»H O ODDCD»ONIONCOCOOC5^00»HN to co cm co~ 05“ co © ^ cm“ *-T oT t>T co CM CO CM T-* s CD 05“ hOhhiONNW^Mh CM-^OCMOOOC^CMt^COCD HCOCMCDOCO^ 00 05 CM ^N*OT r-T to t^CD OO r-T CO N CD OCOOrHCD'fcD^O^OON^fNiOIN 00 WiOOO*H-'-OOiO»OONDO'H‘0• to » to i-H vH 05 to CO CM N^CMTfOOtOMOtOcDtO OOCtOOCC — OCXCCN t^cDCDCM»-iOOOOOTtH^to 00 ecT o' co' co“ »-T co CM S8 CD gf CO OOiONrHOOfNCNOOOON^^-iOCO^ 05 rj<^TrCO(X)CC^(N^C5DO’*OcD tO CDO^NiO^DMOC^CDOCOOCI^ CO rt«“^©“cM“od ©ooT*r©“io co cd oT oT H CM to 00 CD 1-H v-l HOOH i-H CM CO 8 COtOOO^OOCMO^C5^tc OOCOiCiOCDNCCihN CDO'-»»0^05'^C0t^C5t^ 00 00 CO CO CD »-r 00 cm“ CM CM CM © ^ CM 00 © 05 © to CM CD CM CM 05 o CD CO 00 05 © JO CM © CD ^ JO CO to CO © O o 00 CM tC05C5C0tO©C0HtOC0*-< tOCM©COCMi-HtOCMCMCOv-t lOCM 1-i 1-ICM CO tO p cT TCOON^OMNfflO'fl'COMOSOOCOtS O fliOSTfO^XWN^OOlNONNN •<»< 0DrM» 00 O ON*HDOiCCONcDO‘OcDtOT) and per principal in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1951-52 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1939-40 . 91 24 119 24 66 24 61 22 1 119 i 27 1941-42.. _ 92 24 117 24 62 23 62 23 1 150 > 28 1943-44 _ 95 22 112 23 63 22 64 21 >196 i 22 1945-46.. . 90 23 93 23 61 22 76 22 > 174 i 24 1947-48 _ 82 22 94 23 55 22 65 22 102 22 176 21 1949-50 _ 77 22 94 23 53 22 57 21 93 22 160 22 1951-52 _ 79 22 93 23 51 22 64 21 127 17 188 20 1 Groups IV and V combined. No data recorded, separately, on group V prior to 1947-48. Part-Time Education (Adult, Americanization, Night, and Continuation) and Summer Schools In 1951-52, 947 city school systems for the combined groups reported data on the maintenance of programs in adult, part-time, Americaniza¬ tion, continuation, and night school education as compared to 482 cities that reported in 1939-40. The trend in the number of cities operating the part-time education programs as an integral part of the instructional function and responsibility of the city public-school board of education 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 has been one of steady increase during the past 12 -year period, or since 1939-40. In the period under discussion, the enrollment in these schools increased by 31.1 percent, or from 1,099,343 to 1,440,973 pupils, while the number of personnel (supervisors, principals, and teachers) increased 49.5 percent, or from 20,495 to 30,647. The greater proportionate increase in the personnel figure over that for enrollment resulted in a marked reduction in the number of pupils per personnel staff member from 53.6:1 in 1939-40 to 47:1 in 1951-52, or a 14 percent decrease in this instructional item. The percentage of decrease in this pupil-personnel ratio was even greater when 1951-52 was compared with 1949-50. There was a drop of 11.3 pupils, or a 24 percent decrease in 1951-52, over the previous biennium, due largely to the fact that while enrollments decreased 10.7 percent during the biennium, the number of staff and teaching personnel increased 11.2 percent in the same period (see table VIII). Table VIII. — Pupils and staff of part-time (adult, Americanization , night, and continua¬ tion schools), and summer schools in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1951-52 Year Adult and part-time education Summer schools Sys¬ tems report¬ ing Super¬ visors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment Pupils per staff mem¬ ber Sys¬ tems report¬ ing Super¬ visors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment Pupils per staff mem¬ ber i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1939-40 . . 482 20, 495 1,099, 343 53 170 3, 938 127, 452 32 1945-46 _ _ _ 532 18, 607 956,154 51 173 5,402 215, 254 40 1947-48 . . . . 876 20, 625 1,177,282 57 278 8, 042 264, 651 33 1949-50 _ 889 27, 409 1, 544, 829 56 304 8, 957 300, 657 34 1951-52 . . 947 30, 647 1, 440, 973 47 265 8, 332 326,906 39 Of the 100 city school systems comprising the group I category, 85 reported on part-time educational activity, and accounted for 65 percent of the total enrollment, and 54.5 percent of the total number of teachers for all groups combined. It also reported the heaviest pupil-teacher load of 58 to 1, as compared to the pupil -teacher ratios of 38:1 for the group II cities; 41:1 for group III; 32:1 for group IV; and 28:1 for the group V, or smallest city systems. (See Table I — Comparative Summary of General Statistics.) FINANCES Sources of Revenue A percentage distribution of revenues in 1951-52 for all city school systems (i. e., those having populations of 2,500 and more) shows that they were derived as follows: 61.6 percent from local sources; 26.5 percent from State governments;6 8.7 percent from county governments; 1.5 6 This 26.5 percent includes funds from the Federal Government for vocational education which were distributed to city school districts by the respective States along with State funds for vocational education. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 percent as direct grants from the Federal Government; and 1.7 percent from miscellaneous sources (see table IX). Considerable variation from the totals for 1951-52 is evident when compared with the percentages for the same school year for the city school systems of different groups. Notable among such variations, and one readily explained, at least in part, relates to the percentages from State sources. It will be observed that the systems of groups IV and Y, cities of 2,500 to 9,999 population, derived greater percentages of their revenue from State governments than did those of the other three groups of cities. Group V received 38.2 percent; and group IV, 34.5 percent from the State source as compared to the percentages of 21, 26, and 31 recorded for group I, II, and III cities, respectively. This difference in favor of the small-city school districts is due chiefly to the fact that most State plans for school finance make special provision for distributing a considerable part of the State school funds among school districts where the need is greatest. As the result of this principle, the small-school system, being less able on the whole to support schools, receives a proportionately larger share of State moneys than do the public-school districts in the large, wealthier cities. The relative abilities of city school districts in the various population groups as respects financial support of education according to source is reflected further in the differences in the percentage of revenue derived from local sources (see table IX). Table IX. — Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city school systems, by population group, 1951-52 Population group Total Federal Gov¬ ern¬ ment (direct) State govern¬ ment, includ¬ ing Federal aid for voca¬ tional educa¬ tion County govern¬ ment Local sources All other sources Total From taxation and municipal appropri¬ ations for current expense From taxa¬ tion for debt service From other districts for tui¬ tion and trans¬ fers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1951-52 All groups combined. . 100.0 1.5 26.5 8.7 61.6 55.1 4.3 2.2 1.7 I _ 100.0 0.9 21.1 8.5 68.3 63.9 3.7 0.7 1.2 II _ 100.0 2.0 25.9 8.4 61.7 54.9 4.6 2.2 2.0 III.... _ _ 100.0 2.0 30.7 9.2 55.9 47.0 5.4 3.5 2.2 IV _ _ 100.0 1.8 34.5 8.7 53.1 43.0 5.3 4.8 1.9 V _ 100.0 2.2 38.2 9.6 48.1 39.4 3.7 5.0 1.9 1941-42 All groups combined.. 100.0 0.5 23.1 1.7 73.4 62.6 9.2 1.6 1.3 Change in percentage: 1941- 42 to 1951-52 _ 1.0 3.4 7.0 -11.8 -7.5 -4.9 0.6 0.4 The revenue raised locally, which constitutes 61.6 percent of the total revenue raised from all sources in 1951-52, came from taxes levied for school purposes on the general property in the city school districts; from 326602 — 55 - 2 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 appropriations by municipal governments to respective school districts; and from tuition from nonresident pupils. Taxes levied locally for school purposes were for current expenditures, and for debt service. In 1951-52, proceeds from the city school district taxes levied for current expenditures, plus amounts of municipal appro¬ priations, represented 55.1 percent of the total revenues of all city school districts; proceeds from taxes levied for debt service, 4.3 percent; and 2.2 percent represented receipts from tuition charges. A comparison of the percentages of the revenues which were derived from various sources in 1951-52 with those derived from the same sources in 1941-42 reveals a significant increase in 1951-52 over 1941-42 from State sources, and a somewhat corresponding decrease in revenues derived from local sources. This increase from the State government represents a movement toward greater responsibility for the assumption of school support on the part of the several State governments, continuing a pre¬ vailing trend of more than 2 decades’ duration. Expenditures Solaries of instructional staff (full-time day schools). — In 1951-52, on the basis of an adjusted dollar, the average salary of principals in city public- school systems over the Nation was $191 higher than that of supervisors, and $1,611 higher than that paid teachers (table X). Salaries of super¬ visors had increased an average of $389, or 1 percent in 1951-52 over 1939-40; while those of principals had declined an average of $246, or by 4.3 percent, between 1939-40 and 1951-52. The salary of teachers had increased an average of $191, or by 5.2 percent, in the same 12-year period for all cities involved. However, the group I cities in each category of personnel, viz, supervisor, principal, and teacher had percentage decreases with an average of 5.3 percent in 1951-52 over 1939-40 for all positions. Group II cities aver¬ aged an increase of 10.6 percent for all three types of positons, despite the fact that the average salary of the principal in this group of cities declined 4 percent in the same period. In contrast to the general decreases in the average of salaries reported for the cities in group I, and the minor increases reported for group II cities, the less populous cities of groups III, and IV and V combined had overall increases of 22.2 and 30.3, respectively, between 1939-40 and 1951- 52. The group V cities prior to 1947-48 were included as part of the group IV cities, embracing the population range from 2,500 to 9,999. The averages of the group V city salaries in each of the personnel categories as reported for 1951-52 are closely comparable with those shown for the group IV city school systems (table X). The average salary paid the instructional staff, e. g., supervisors, principals, and teachers by city school systems in 1951-52 was $3,925, as compared to $3,741 for the country as a whole. In amounts, as well as in percentages, the cities in the three less populous groupings on an average, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 reported larger increases in 1951-52 over 1939-40. Of course, the smaller cities had much further to travel between 1939-40 and 1951-52 from their lower levels of salary schedules than did the larger cities. Salaries of Instructional Staff (Full-Time Day Schools ) Data on the average annual salaries for the total instructional staff and for supervisors, principals, and teachers separately for 1939-40, 1945-46, and 1951-52, and on the annual national per capita personal income for each of the three school years are shown in table X, both in terms of unadjusted, and adjusted dollars for 1951-52 according to the Consumer Price Index , of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. On the adjusted dollar basis, the average national per capita personal income increased 57.1 percent, between 1939-40 and 1951-52, while for the same 12 -year period the increase in the average salary for the total instructional staff was only 4.9 percent. An analysis of the changes shown between 1939-40 and 1951-52 with respect to the average salaries in group I cities, shows that for all personnel, there was a consistent decrease in terms of the 1951-52 adjusted dollar. The overall decrease was $311, or 5.3 percent between 1939-40 and 1951- 52. The average salary in standardized dollars dropped from $4,730 in 1939-40 to $4,317 in 1945-46, and by 1951-52 it had recovered only $120 of the $413 reduction between 1939-40 and 1945-46. The average sal¬ aries for each of the three categpries of instructional personnel, viz., supervisors, principals, and teachers for group I (large cities with popu¬ lations of 100,000 and more) also suffered declines. Between 1939-40 and 1951-52, the average salary of supervisors, in terms of the 1951-52 dollar value, decreased 8.6 percent; the average salary of principals showed a 16.2 percent decline; and that of teachers dropped from $4,610 in 1939-40 to $4,393 in 1951-52, a loss of 4.9 percent in standard dollars. In this same period per capita personal income increased 57.1 percent. In contrast to group I cities, the other four groups of city school systems show increases in the average salary of the teacher in the 12 -year period ranging from 11.2 percent for group II to 30.0 percent for groups IV and V cities combined. These gains, although substantial, are far below the 57.1 percent gain in per capita personal income in the same period. This holds true, also, with respect to the gains shown for the average salaries of supervisors and principals. The average salary for principals, however, for the 5 city groups combined decreased 4.3 percent for the 12 -year period. This overall decline was the result of a decline for the large cities, 15.9 percent in the average salaries for principals in group I cities and a decline of 0.4 percent in the group II cities. These are the cities with population of 25,000 and more. In general, it would seem that in this 12 -year period the cities in the less populous groups have been concerned with the effort to, at the very least, keep pace with the rise in the level of living costs but have not kept pace with the general increase in per capita personal income. Of the 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 three types of instructional staff analyzed in table X the teachers have made the largest and most consistent advance, with supervisor position ranking next. Table X. — Comparison of changes in average annual salaries and national per capita personal income: 1939-40, 1945-46, and 1951-52 Total instructional staff Supervisors Principals Teachers Item 1939- 1945- 1951- 1939- 1945- 1951- 1939- 1945- 1951- 1939- 1945- 1951- 40 46 52 40 46 52 40 46 52 40 46 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 A. DATA IN TERMS OF ADJUSTED DOLLAR (1951-52=100) i 1 . National per capita personal income 1 2 Amount per capita per- sonal income.. . $1, 076 $1,750 $1,690 $1,076 $1, 750 $1,690 $1,076 $1, 750 $1,690 $1,076 $1,750 $1,690 Percent change from 1939- 40 _ _ +62.6 +57.1 +62.6 +57.1 +62.6 +57.1 +62.6 +57.1 2. Average annual salaries All groups combined: Average annual salary. Percent change from $3, 741 $3, 570 $3, 925 $4,870 $4, 842 $5, 259 $5, 696 $5, 195 $5, 450 $3, 648 $3, 485 $3, 839 1939-40 . -4.6 +4.9 -0.6 +8.0 -8.8 -4.3 -4.5 +5.2 GROUP I: Average annual salary. Percent change from $4, 730 $4, 317 $4, 491 $6, 723 $5, 697 $6, 189 $7, 248 $6,093 $6, 239 $4, 610 $4, 224 $4, 393 1939-40 . . -8.7 -5.1 -15.3 -7.9 -15.9 -13.9 -8.4 -4.7 GROUP II: Average annual salary. Percent change from $3, 488 $3, 446 $3,859 $4, 772 $4, 896 $5, 072 $5, 438 $5, 033 $5,414 $3, 387 $3, 351 $3, 765 1939-40. . . . -1.2 +10.6 +2.6 +6.3 -7.4 -0.4 -1.1 +11.2 GROUP III: Average annual salary. Percent change from $2,939 $3, 013 $3, 592 $3,652 $3, 949 $4, 599 $4, 409 $4, 529 $4, 836 $2,858 $2,933 $3, 518 1939-40 +2.5 +22.2 +8.1 +25.9 +2.7 +9.7 +2.6 +23.1 GROUPS IV and V combined: Average annual salary. Percent change from $2, 506 $2, 739 $3,265 $3, 441 $3, 537 $4, 314 $3, 541 $4, 200 $4, 567 $2, 463 $2, 673 $3, 199 1939-40 . +9.3 +30.3 +2.8 +25.4 +18.6 +29.0 +8.5 +30.0 . B. DATA IN TERMS OF UNADJUSTED DOLLARS 1. National per capita personal income 2 Amount per capita per¬ sonal income $572 $1,214 $1,690 $572 $1, 214 $1,690 $572 $1, 214 $1,690 $572 $1,214 $1,690 2. Average annual salaries All groups combined _ 1,988 2, 476 3, 925 2,588 3, 358 5, 259 3, 027 3, 603 5, 450 1,939 2, 417 3,839 GROUP I.. . . 2,514 1,854 2,994 2, 390 2,090 4,491 3,859 3, 573 2, 536 3, 951 3, 396 6,189 5, 072 3, 852 2, 890 2, 343 4, 226 3,491 3,141 6, 239 5,414 4, 836 2, 450 2,930 4, 393 GROUP II . . 1,800 1,519 2, 324 2,034 3,765 3, 518 GROUP III... . 1,562 3, 592 1,941 2, 739 4, 599 GROUPS IV and V combined. . 1,332 1,900 3, 265 1,829 2, 453 4, 314 1,882 2,913 4,567 1,309 1,854 3,199 1 According to Consumer Price Index, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor. 2 Personal income per capita is the current income received by persons from all sources, inclusive of trans¬ fers from government and business but exclusive of transfers among individuals. Personal income is meas¬ ured on a before-tax basis, as the sum of wage and salary disbursements, other labor income, proprietors’ and rental income, interest and dividends, and transfer payments, minus personal contributions for social insurance. The averages shown above are derived from multiplying the corresponding unadjusted averages for per capita personal income by the Consumer Price Index figures adjusted to 1951-52 as 100. The relative Consumer Price Index figure for 1939-40 was 188; and for 1945-46, it was 144. The averages of the unadjusted per capita personal income amounts were obtained as the quotients of the total personal income amounts reported in the given years divided by the total population of continental United States taken as of July of the year involved. The total amount of personal income in billions of dollars reported for the fiscal year 1939-40 was 75.2; the population figure was 131,575 million; in 1945-46, the comparable figures were $170.7 billions, and 140,658 million; and for 1951-52, $263.1 billions, and 155,691 million population. (See National Income 1954 edition. Office of Business Economics, U. S; Department of Commerce.) CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 Distribution of expenditures among basic accounts. — An analysis of current expenditures of all city school systems combined shows that 3.5 percent went for Administration (General Control); 70.9 percent for Instruction; 10.1 percent for Operation of the Plant; 4.8 percent for Maintenance of the Plant; 4.7 percent for Auxiliary School Services; 4.6 percent for Fixed Charges; and 1.4 percent to support adult, part-time education, and summer schools. Of the grand total expenditure (including current expenditures, capital outlay, and debt service), 76.8 percent was expended for the six major current expenditure accounts, plus part-time and summer schools; 15.5 percent for capital outlay; 6.1 percent for debt service, excluding interest; and 1.6 percent for Interest Payments during 1951-52. A comparison of the percentages of funds used for these various accounts by various city size groups shows that group II and III cities used the largest proportion of their total current expenditure funds, 72.3 and 71.8, respectively, for instruction when the amounts allocated to part-time and summer school instruction are included with the expenditure reported for full-time day schools. The group I and II cities used the smallest per¬ centages (3.1 and 3.0) for the purpose of Administration (General Control). It would appear from this percentage analysis that as the size of the city school decreases the proportion of the total amount expended for Admini¬ stration or General Control increases (table XI). Table XI— -Percentage analysis of current and total expenditures in city school systems , by population group: 1951-52 Purpose All groups City-size group com¬ bined I II III IV V * 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current expenditures . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Administration: Business.. . . . . . . 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 Education _ 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.8 3.0 Total . 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.7 4.6 4.7 Instruction _ _ . 70.9 70.6 72.3 71.8 70.2 68.3 Operation of school plant. . . . . 10.1 9.9 10.7 10.5 10.0 9.9 Maintenance of school plant... 4. 8 4. 9 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.5 Auxiliary school services: Chargeable to pupil cost.. . 2.9 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.5 Transportation . . . . 1.4 .6 .8 1.7 2.7 4.2 Not chargeable to pupil cost . . . .4 .6 .4 .3 .2 .4 Fixed charges: Chargeable to pupil cost... 3.9 5.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.0 Not chargeable to pupil cost. . .7 .5 .9 1.0 1.0 .7 Part-time schools . 1.2 1.7 .9 .8 .7 .8 Summer schools . .2 .2 .3 .1 (0 (0 Total expenditures . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditure.... 76. 8 79.5 74.6 72.9 74.7 79.9 Capital outlay _ 15. 5 11.9 18.3 20.0 18.4 13.8 Debt service (excluding interest) _ _ 6.1 6.9 5.7 5.6 5.2 4.7 Interest payments... ! 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 The same trend also applies to the percentages of expenditure made for the Auxiliary School Services Account, in which the item of transportation increases greatly the amounts expended by the small city school system as compared to that expended by the large city school systems in groups I, II, and even III. The percentage of the expenditures for Fixed Charges on the other hand, differs only in respect to the group I cities, where the proportion of the total funds used is much greater than that of the other groups. This larger percentage for the group I cities as compared with that shown for the other groups reflects in great measure the amounts ex¬ pended by the group I cities for retirement or pension systems. The pro¬ portions of the total amount expended for Operation, and for Maintenance of the Plant show but slight variations for the five groups of cities in either account. There is considerable variation in the proportion of funds for current expenditure used for the six major current -expenditure accounts among school systems within the different groups. For example, in a recent study 7 74 school systems of group I, the percentage of such funds used for Administration ranged from 1.2 to 7.7 percent; that for Instruction, from 56.0 to 88.4 percent; and that for Fixed Charges from 0.0 to 10.5 percent; the other three major accounts had even wider range in percentages. Ranges equal to, or even greater than, the foregoing are evident for some items of expenditures in the school systems of the other groups of cities. (See table XII.) Table XII. — Range in percentages of total current expenditure per pupil allocated to each major account in city school systems: 1951-52 Major account Percentage Range All groups combined Group I (74 cities) Group II (85 cities) Group III (73 cities) Groups IV and V (67 cities) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Administration _ .. Instruction . . . Operation of physical plant _ Maintenance of physical plant _ Auxiliary school services _ __ Fixed charges _ 1. 2- 7. 7 56. 0-88. 4 4. 4-17. 7 0. 4-16. 1 0. 0-17. 1 0. 0-10. 5 1. 4- 5. 7 60. 0-85. 6 6. 1-17. 7 1. 3-16. 1 0. 0- 9. 2 0. 0-10. 5 1. 7- 4. 7 65. 2-85. 2 5. 8-16. 8 2. 4-12. 9 0. 1- 7. 0 0. 0- 8. 9 2. 1- 6. 5 56. 0-88. 4 4. 4-16. 4 0. 8-19. 2 0.0-17.1 0. 0- 8. 0 1. 2- 7. 7 62. 7-86. 3 5. 4-16. 0 0. 4-13. 7 0. 0-14. 4 0. 0- 7. 5 Source: Current Expenditures per Pupil in City School Systems, 1951-52. Table D, p. 8. U. S. Depart¬ ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education (Circular No. 371). Current expenditure per pupil ( full-time day schools). — A review of the current expenditure per full-time day school pupil in average daily attend¬ ance for all city school systems combined for the decade ending with 1951-52 shows an upward trend during the entire period starting with 1941-42. The overall increase for all cities combined was $58.77, or 29.8 percent as expressed in terms of adjusted dollars. In 1941-42 the average 7 Current Expenditures per Pupil in City School Systems, 1951-52. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education (Circular No. 371), CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 per pupil expenditure would have been $197.78 as compared to $256.00 per pupil in 1951-52 expressed in terms of purchasing power of a 1951- 52 dollar. (See table XIII.) Table XIII. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full¬ time day schools in city systems ; by population group: 1941-42 to 1951-52 [With comparative data on per capita disposable income in the United States] Item 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1951-52 Increase from 1941 -42 to 1951-52 Amount Percent * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 EXPRESSED IN DOLLARS OF SAME PURCHASING POWER AS IN 1951-52 * All groups combined. . $197. 23 $198. 78 $216. 95 $224.40 $248. 56 $256. 00 $58.77 29.8 Group I . . . 231. 89 232.24 250. 89 248.44 274. 80 282.03 50. 14 21.6 Group II _ _ 191. 70 197.96 220. 06 232. 46 254.73 258.22 66.52 34.7 Group III. _ _ 168. 69 170.00 191. 46 204.20 227. 85 234. 53 65.84 39.0 Group IV... . Group V . 151. 34 0) 155. 74 0) 178. 74 0) 189.20 186. 03 215. 66 213. 89 225. 41 221.20 74. 07 48.9 Per capita disposable income in the United States. . . 1, 289. 00 1, 505. 47 1,339.43 1, 369. 03 1, 420. 80 1, 472. 00 183.00 14.2 EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF UNADJUSTED DOLLARS All groups combined - $116. 90 $131. 64 $150. 47 $198. 99 $223. 93 $256. 00 $139. 10 119.0 Group I. . . 137.44 153.80 174. 01 220. 31 247.57 282. 03 144.59 105.2 Group II . 113.62 131. 10 152.63 206. 14 229. 49 258.22 144.60 127.3 Group III. . . 99. 98 112.58 132. 79 181. 08 205. 27 234.53 134. 55 134.6 Group IV _ Group V _ 89.70 0) 103. 14 (0 123. 97 0) 167. 78 164.96 194. 29 192. 69 225. 41 221.20 135. 71 151.3 Per capita disposable income in the United States 3 _ 764.00 997.00 929.00 1, 214. 00 1, 280. 00 1, 472. 00 708.00 92.7 i Groups IV and V combined. 1 The adjustment to dollars with same purchasing power as in 1951-52 was made by use of the Consumers' Price Index. (The monthly Consumers’ Price Index figures needed for the calculation were obtained from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, February 1953 issue.) J Source: Office of Business Economics, U. S. Department of Commerce, National Income, 1954 Edition. The group I cities had, on the average, the least increase, relatively and in actual amount, for the period under discussion. The reverse held true progressively, in relation to the average increases shown for the other city groups from 1941-42 to 1951-52. On the basis of the dollar expressed in terms of purchasing power as in 1951-52, the group I, or school systems in the largest cities, expended $282.03 per pupil in daily attendance for the six major current expendi¬ ture accounts, or $50.14 per pupil more than in 1941-42. The group II city school systems expended $258.22 per pupil, or $66.52 more than in 1941-42; the group III, $234.53, or an increase of $65.84 over 1941-42; and the group IV cities, $225.41, or $74.07 greater amount per pupil than expended in 1941-^12. The group V, or smallest city school systems re¬ ported an average expenditure of $221.20 per pupil, which was an in¬ crease of $35.17 per pupil in the amount spent by these city systems in 1947-48, the first year in which separate data were compiled for the group V cities. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 The per capita disposable income which is personal income after pay¬ ment of taxes, increased 14.2 percent from 1941-42 to 1951-52 when expressed in standard dollars of 1951-52 value. By comparison with this, the current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for all cities combined increased 29.8 percent or twice as fast in the same period, the smaller school systems making a more rapid gain than the larger ones. Current expenditure for part-time {adult, Americanization , night , and continuation ), and summer schools. — The amount of the total expenditure ($38,951,000) reported by 947 city school systems for the five groups of cities in 1951-52 that conducted part-time education schools and classes was nearly 5 times as great as that reported as a total expenditure amount ($8,441,000) in 1939-40. In terms of an adjusted dollar with the same purchasing power as in 1951-52, the total expenditure was just about 2){ times that of 1939-40, viz, $15,833,000 vs. $38,951,000. In the biennium 1949-50 to 1951-52, the trend in this expenditure was reversed from that which had prevailed as a consistent progressive in¬ crease by bienniums for at least a decade. In terms of the unadjusted dollar the reduction from 1949-50 to 1951-52 amounted to only $227,000, while on the basis of the 1951-52 adjusted dollar purchasing value the decrease in terms of dollar value amounted to $4,537,000. In other words, the reduction in the expenditure for the part-time types of educa¬ tion for the 2 -year period under discussion was 11 percent in terms of the adjusted 1951-52 dollar. (See table XIV.) The group I city school systems reported 61.6 percent of the total expenditure for all five groups; the group II cities expended 15.8 percent of the total; group III, 10.9 percent; group IV, 6.5 percent; and group V accounted for 5.2 percent of the total expenditure reported in 1951-52 for the part-time educational activities in 947 city school systems. The expenditure per pupil of around $25 was almost identical for the 3 most populous groups of cities, and the 2 groups of smaller cities each expended around $49 per pupil. (See Table 1 — Comparative Summary of Fiscal Data.) In 1951-52, 265 city school systems reported data on summer schools con¬ ducted as a tuition-fee adjunct of the regular school system. Compared with the 1949-50 data on this type of part-time educational activity, the number of summer schools decreased in 1951-52 by 14.7 percent, or by 39 systems; also by 7.5 percent, or 625 staff personnel (supervisors, principals, and teachers); and, by an average of 4 pupils per teacher; for while the number of personnel decreased during the biennium by 7.5 percent, the number of pupils enrolled increased 8.7 percent, or by 26,249 pupils. (See table VIII.) The group I cities spent $16.15 per pupil for the summer school pro¬ gram; group II cities expended $19.50 per pupil; group III, $19.06; group IV, $20.52; and group V, $11.10 per pupil during the 1951-52 summer CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 school session. (See Table 1 — Comparative Summary of Fiscal Data.) This expenditure of public-school funds increased in amounts con¬ sistently for each biennium between 1939-40 and 1951-52. On the basis of an unadjusted dollar the total amount reported for this activity in 1939-40 was $847,000, or $6.65 per pupil. By 1951-52, the total had reached $5,610,000, or $17.16 per pupil. In terms of the 1951-52 dollar value the expenditure in 1939-40 equaled $1,594,000 as compared to the 1951-52 amount of $5,610,000. (See table XIY.) Table XIV. — Expenditure for part-time (adult, Americanization , night , and continuation) education and summer schools, in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1951-52 Year Adult and part-time education Summer schools Unadjusted Adjusted i Unadjusted Adjusted 1 Total for systems report¬ ing (in thou¬ sands) Expend¬ iture per pupil enrolled Total for systems report¬ ing (in thou¬ sands) Expend¬ iture per pupil enrolled Total for systems report¬ ing (in thou¬ sands) Expend¬ iture per pupil enrolled Total for systems report¬ ing (in thou¬ sands) Expend¬ iture per pupil enrolled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1939-40 _ _ _ $8, 441 $7.68 $15, 883 $14. 45 $847 $6. 65 $1, 594 $12. 51 1945-46 _ 15, 269 15.97 22, 015 23. 03 2, 063 9. 58 2,974 13. 81 1947-48 . . . 31, 008 26.34 34, 968 29.70 3,978 15.03 4, 486 16. 95 1949-50. _ _ _ 39, 178 25. 36 43, 488 28. 15 4, 394 14. 62 4,877 16. 23 1951-52 _ 38, 951 27.03 38, 951 27.03 5,610 17. 16 5,610 17. 16 i The adjustment to dollars with same purchasing power as in 1951-52 was made by use of the Consumers ’ Price Index (1952-53=100). The monthly Consumers’ Price Index figures needed for the calculation were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, February 1953. Capital outlay expenditures. — In considering both the total and the per pupil expenditures for capital outlay purposes as given in table XV for the period 1941-42 to 1951-52, it should be kept in mind that the building and construction indices approximately doubled in this period. The same amount of building cost about twice as many dollars in 1951 as in 1941. The 1951-52 Capital Outlay expenditure of $52.34 per pupil in average daily attendance for all city-size groups was 7 times as great as that reported for 1941-42 (table XY). The total amount in 1951-52 expended by all city school districts for building sites, new buildings, additions, improvements, and new equip¬ ment was $644,219,000 as compared to $61,725,000, or $5.80 per pupil in 1941-42, and as compared to $24,269,000, or $2.41 per pupil for the school year 1943-44. Thus, since the mid- World War II year of 1943-44, when shortages of supply were critical in the buildings and equipment fields, the city school districts have increased spending for the Capital Outlay account by an amount that in 1951-52 was 2 6)2 times greater in total dollars, and per pupil was nearly 22 times greater than the 1943-44 average. A review of these expenditures per pupil, by city group, dis¬ closes that the group III and IY city school districts have made, relatively. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 greater increases in this expenditure than the group I cities. For example, the group II city school districts in 1943-44 reported an expenditure per pupil for Capital Outlay account of $2.06; groups III and IV, $2.65 and $2.67, respectively; while $2.30 per pupil was expended by group I cities. In 1951-52, the group II cities increased the expenditure per pupil to $64.06; the group III, to $65.07; group IV, to $55.89 per pupil; as com¬ pared to the group I city school systems per pupil expenditure of $43.21. (See table XV). Table XV. — Total amount and expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for capital outlay in city school systems , by population group: 1941-42 to 1951-52 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A. D. A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A. D. A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A. D. A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A. D. A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A. D. A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A. D. A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1941-42 _ 1943-44 _ 1945-46 _ 1947-48 _ 1949-50 _ 1951-52 _ $61, 725 24, 269 49, 976 206, 118 492, 946 644, 219 $5.80 2. 41 4. 98 19. 71 44. 65 52. 34 $24, 663 10, 107 17, 622 81, 923 174, 094 213, 518 $5.20 2. 30 4.04 18. 35 37.66 43. 21 $10, 490 3, 488 8,915 34, 221 94, 014 161, 174 $5. 81 2. 06 5. 22 19.29 50. 55 64. 06 $12, 071 5,004 9, 777 38, 989 111,244 137, 413 $6.30 2. 65 5.20 19. 73 53. 34 65. 07 $14, 501 5,650 13, 662 26, 960 59, 780 84, 976 $6. 68 2. 67 6. 51 22.09 44. 63 55. 89 0) (0 0) $24, 025 53, 815 47, 138 8 0) $23. 57 47.54 38. 67 1 No data available. Note: During the period from 1941 to 1951 the building and construction indices approximately doubled so that the same amount of building cost about twice as many dollars in 1951 as in 1941. Debt service expenditures. — In 1951-52 the amount paid from current funds to redeem serial bonds as reported for the school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more was $149,043,000, estimated on the basis of the reporting sample. This total was greater by $36,067,000, or 31.9 percent, than the 1949-50 payments in redemption of bonds. Addition¬ ally, payments in the amount of $16,788,000 were made from sinking fund reserves to redeem term bonds which had reached maturity or were bought up in advance of maturity date to reduce outstanding indebted¬ ness. Compared with 1949-50, payments reported from sinking fund reserves increased by $5,272,000, or 45.8 percent in 1951-52. The amount of bonds that were refunded by issuance of new bonds increased more than 3 million dollars in the 2 -year period. Interest paid from current funds increased by 16 million dollars, or 32.1 percent in the biennium, while interest paid from sinking fund reserves increased $836,000 in 1951-52 over 1949-50, or about 27 percent. Payments into sinking funds, however, decreased in 1951-52 over 1949-50 around 1 million dollars, or nearly 8 percent. The expansion of the school building program is reflected in the increase of expenditures reported for the debt service account in 1951-52^as com¬ pared with 1949-50. The total amount of $265,997,000 reported for debt service items by the 5 city groups in 1949-50, was smaller by $52,477,000, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 or 19.7 percent, than that reported for 1951-52 (see Table 2 — Compara¬ tive Summary). Redemption of short-term loans (borrowings made to meet temporary emergencies, which were contracted during 1 fiscal year and paid during the next fiscal year) increased by 2.8 percent, or less than 2 million dollars between 1949-50 and 1951-52. Present increases in the cost of building will in the future affect the amounts needed both for payments of interest and for retirement of bonds outstanding. Bonded Indebtedness of City School Districts The bonded indebtedness in 1951-52, less amounts in school sinking funds and bond and interest accounts, for all city school systems of 2,500 population or more, was $3,443,275,000, or $279.76 per pupil in average daily attendance. (See table XYI.) Other forms of school debt out¬ standing in 1951-52, consisting of such obligations as unpaid teacher salary warrants, short-term loans, and bills payable amounted to $57,982,000. (See table 2.) The total amount held as reserves in school sinking funds ($57,098,000) and reserves in the interest and bond accounts ($93,917,000) to meet interest and payments on maturing term and serial bond obligations for all city school districts in 1951-52 have been deducted from the total bonded indebtedness of $3,594,290,000 to get the net indebtedness of $3,443,275,000 in 1951-52. (See table XYI.) The amount of bonds outstanding less reserves, above mentioned, in 1951-52 was greater by $135 per pupil than that reported in 1949-50. It was, however, only $85.20 per pupil greater than in 1941-42, or a decade earlier. The group I cities reported a per pupil debt in 1951-52 of $388.56, an amount greater by an average of $162.15, or 71.6 percent, than the 1941— 42 debt; the group II cities reported an increase of $99.36 per pupil, or 59.3 percent greater amount than in 1941-42; and the group III cities increased the amount in 1951-52 by only $7.20 per pupil which was 5.1 percent greater than the 1941-42 amount. The group IY and Y city school systems between 1947-48 and 1951-52 showed a per pupil increase in amount of bonds outstanding of $27.81, and $70.26, respectively. Data on these two groups of cities extended back to 1947-48, only. The increase of $135 in debt per pupil in average daily attendance reported in 1951-52 over that for the 1949-50 biennium, no doubt reflects the effort being made through bond issues to meet the need for additional construction of school plants to accommodate the heavy increases in enrollments, as well as to take care of the demand for more modern, adequate school facilities over the Nation. The additional amounts of bonds floated in 1951-52 as compared with that shown for 1949-50 will no doubt be reported as expenditures for school plant under the Capital Outlay account in the 1952-54 biennium. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Group V Per pupil in A. D. A. eo (‘ 0) 0) $104. 61 136. 20 174. 87 Total (in thousands) N 8 (0 $106, 691 154, 172 213, 163 Group IV Per pupil in A.D. A. a 0) 0) 0) $186. 15 152. 97 213. 96 Total (in thousands) o 0) M (0 $144, 764 204,900 325, 296 Group III Per pupil in A.D. A. a> $141. 25 118. 56 98. 16 118. 70 163. 04 148. 45 Total (in thousands) GO $270, 621 223, 516 184, 625 234, 646 331, 984 313, 503 Group II Per pupil in A. D. A. r» $167. 50 150. 68 119. 16 139. 33 | 186. 15 266. 86 Total (in thousands) CD $302,351 255, 621 203, 419 247, 215 346, 224 671, 447 o. 3 o O Per pupil in A. D. A. $226. 41 210. 60 95. 87 100. 32 120. 95 388. 56 Total (in thousands) - $1, 073, 457 923, 920 417, 774 447, 993 559, 175 1,919,876 All groups combined Per pupil in A. D. A. e* CO t^OO OO CO CO iOOtTOJNN ^ cd c4 rH T"H ^ Total (in thousands) N $1, 646, 429 1, 403, 057 958, 442 1, 181, 209 1, 596, 455 3, 443, 275 Year - 1941-42 . - . 1943-44 . . 1945-46 _ _ _ 1947-48 . . 1949-50 . . . . . 1951-52 . - . - CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY The value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance for all groups combined in 1951-52 was $787. This computation was based on the figures requested on the "original cost of school plant, plus cost of additions, and of improvements.” The amount per pupil is subject to variations from biennium to biennium reflecting the changes in the num¬ bers of pupils in addition to changes in the value of the plant. Also, the reporting of appraisals made in conformance with increased replacement costs in school property, instead of original cost as requested, is another element which can cause variable values in school property for different years. Because of the several bases upon which value of school property can be and are reported, comparable data are difficult to collect, and for this reason the figures should be used with caution. For all groups of city school systems combined the average increase in the value of school property as reported during the past 12 years, or since 1939-40, was $313 per pupil in average daily attendance, or about 66 percent. The increase has been greater for each biennium since 1939-40 for each of the city-size groups, except for the group I cities, which re¬ ported in 1945-46 the same per pupil value as in 1943-44. (See table XVII.) Table XVII. — Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems ; by population group: 1939-40 to 1951-52 Year All groups combined City-size group I n in IV Vi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 . . $474 520 637 555 623 688 787 $539 592 657 657 670 727 793 $485 536 578 601 660 685 852 $430 475 506 529 595 682 851 $355 388 457 501 559 636 696 1941-42 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1943-44... . . . 1945-46... . 1947-48... _ _ _ _ _ _ $496 602 636 1949-50 _ 1951-52 _ _ _ _ _ 1 Prior to 1947-48 group V city school data were included with group IV as 1 population group. By groups of cities, the increase for group I was $254, or 47.1 percent; group II cities, $367, or 75.7 percent; group III, $421, or 97.9 percent; and group IV, $341, or 96.1 percent during the period from 1939-40 to 1951-52. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 1. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1951-52 City-size groups: Based on United States Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population and more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 population) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 population) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total population (1950 census) _ _ ... .. 83, 263, 819 43,283, 059 16, 463, 105 11, 718,429 7, 035, 692 4,763,534 1. Total Personnel and At- tendance: Full-Time Public Day Schools Number of school systems. . . >3,800 i 100 387 819 1,076 1,418 Number of superintendents, as- sistant superintendents, and other administrative personnel. . 6, 074 1,308 943 1,199 1, 252 1, 372 Number of supervisors _ _ 6, 363 2,109 2, 107 1,366 516 265 Number of principals . . 22, 781 8,580 4, 790 4, 070 2,902 2,439 Number of teachers and other in- structional staff: Men... . . . 122, 945 45, 574 24, 889 21, 917 16,964 13, 601 Women _ _ 382, 191 150, 634 81, 824 64, 845 48, 588 36, 300 Total . . . 505, 136 196, 208 106, 713 86, 762 65, 552 49, 901 Number of clerks: For administration . . 17, 078 8, 534 4,042 1,822 1,228 1,452 For instruction _ _ _ 21,700 11, 494 5, 208 2,394 1,437 1, 167 Total . . 38, 778 20, 028 9, 250 4, 216 2, 665 2,619 Enrollment: Boys . . . 7, 350, 041 3, 038, 493 1, 479, 045 1, 226, 469 889, 084 716, 950 Girls . . . 7, 063, 578 2, 892, 883 1, 415, 585 1, 192, 290 860, 132 702, 688 Total . . 14, 413, 619 5, 931, 376 2, 894, 630 2, 418, 759 1, 749, 216 1, 419, 638 Average daily attendance - 12, 307, 942 4, 941, 035 2, 515, 792 2, 111, 884 1, 520, 334 1, 218, 897 Aggregate days attended _ 2, 219, 798, 489 902, 440, 314 452, 728, 608 375, 915, 352 271, 531, 652 217, 182, 563 Average length of school year in actual number of days taught... 180 183 180 178 179 178 Average number of days attended per pupil enrolled... . . . 154 152 156 155 155 153 Percent of pupils enrolled in aver¬ age daily attendance - 85.4 83.3 86.9 87.3 86.9 85.9 Percent of men teachers. . . 24 23 23 25 26 27 II. Distribution, by School Level, of Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Public Day Schools: Kindergarten (Including Nursery Schools) Number of school systems _ 2,125 91 268 486 572 708 Number of supervisors _ 91 48 33 7 1 2 Number of teachers: Men . 2 2 Women . . . 17, 876 8, 519 3,743 2, 728 1,652 1,234 Enrollment (including nursery) : Boys _ _ _ 541, 447 288, 566 102, 992 74, 085 43, 885 31, 919 Girls . . . 520, 040 277, 249 98, 953 71, 466 41, 827 30, 545 Total _ _ 1, 061, 487 565, 815 201, 945 145, 551 85, 712 62, 464 Average daily attendance . . 694, 746 340, 055 147, 016 103, 778 63, 170 40, 727 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher . . . . 59 66 54 53 52 51 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher _ 39 40 39 38 38 33 Number of schools, or classes. . 12, 618 5, 228 2, 723 2, 143 1,388 1, 136 1 Includes Arlington County, Va., classified by U. S. census as a city because of population density. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 Table 1. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1951-52 — Continued City-size groups: Based on United States Census of 1950 Item Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V All groups (100,000 (25,000 to (10,000 to (5,000 to (2,500 to combined population 99,999 24,999 9,999 pop- 4,999 pop¬ and more) population) population) illation) ulation) > 2 3 4 5 6 7 Elementary Schools Number of school systems . 3. 574 99 387 769 1,005 1,314 Number of supervisors . . 3, 649 1,093 1,213 872 316 155 Number of principals _ ... 15, 063 6,000 3,421 2, 674 1, 676 1, 292 Number of teachers: Men . . . . 28, 672 10, 890 5, 420 4,795 4,068 3,499 Woman _ _ _ _ 252, 149 98, 118 53, 722 43, 095 32, 748 24, 466 Total . . 280, 821 109, 008 59, 142 47, 890 36, 816 27, 965 Percent of men teachers _ 10 10 9 10 11 13 Enrollment: Boys . 4, 329, 547 1, 701, 817 881, 623 740, 413 547, 610 458,084 Girls . . . . . 4, 154, 360 1, 635, 080 847, 049 705, 707 531, 656 434, 868 Total . . 8, 483, 907 3, 336, 897 1, 728, 672 1, 446, 120 1, 079, 266 892, 952 Average daily attendance . . 7, 351, 273 2, 871, 372 1, 501, 928 1, 275, 357 935, 689 766, 927 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher. . . . . . . ... 30 31 29 30 29 32 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher . . 26 26 25 27 25 27 Number of schools. . . . 22, 362 6, 354 4,608 4, 386 3,696 3, 318 Percent of enrollment in A. D. A.. 87 86 87 88 87 86 Secondary Schools Number of school systems . 3, 385 99 408 744 946 1,188 Number of supervisors . . 2,581 943 847 484 199 108 Number of principals . . 7, 582 2,501 1,342 1,387 1, 212 1,140 Number of teachers: Men _ 91, 462 32, 915 18,833 16, 878 12, 826 10,010 Women _ _ 110, 662 43, 118 23, 985 18, 907 14, 091 10, 561 Total _ _ _ 202,124 76,033 42,818 35,785 26, 917 20, 571 Percent of men teachers... . . 45 43 44 47 48 49 Enrollment: Boys . . . . . 2, 386, 854 977, 279 479, 818 407, 769 296, 487 225, 501 Girls . . . 2, 335, 241 938,955 461, 001 412, 691 286,002 236, 592 Total.. _ _ _ _ 4, 722, 095 1, 916, 234 940, 819 820, 460 582, 489 462, 093 Average daily attendance _ 4, 185, 107 1, 678, 464 850, 340 726, 935 519, 954 409, 414 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher _ _ 23 25 22 23 22 22 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher . 21 22 20 20 19 20 Number of schools . . . 6,645 1,446 1, 150 1, 261 1, 304 1, 484 Percent of enrollment in average daily attendance.. . 89 88 90 88 89 89 City Universities, Colleges, and Normal Schools Number of school systems _ 93 16 29 20 16 12 Number of supervisors: (deans, etc.) _ _ 42 25 14 3 Number of principals.. . 136 79 27 9 14 7 Number of teachers: Men _ _ 2,809 1, 769 636 242 70 92 Women _ _ _ 1,504 879 374 115 97 39 Total _ _ 4,313 2,648 1, 010 357 167 131 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 1. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1951-52 — Continued [In thousands of dollars] City-size groups: Based on United States Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population and more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 population) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 population) Group IV ($5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) • 3 3 4 5 6 7 City Universities, Colleges, and Normal Schools— Con. Enrollment of students: Men . . 92, 193 70, 831 14, 612 4, 202 2,426 1, 102 1, 446 Women . . . 53, 937 41, 599 8,582 647 683 Total . . . 146, 130 112, 430 23, 194 6,628 1, 749 2, 129 Average daily attendance . . 76, 816 51, 144 16, 508 5, 814 1, 521 1,829 Number of schools . . 120 28 30 24 20 18 III. Adult Education; Ameri¬ canization; Night; and Continuation Schools: Number of school systems - 947 85 210 258 183 211 Number of supervisors and prin¬ cipals . . . 1,115 29, 532 516 241 165 132 61 Number of teaching positions _ 16, 106 6,320 4, 058 1, 572 1, 476 Total number of super¬ visors, principals, and teachers (positions) . . 30, 647 16, 622 6,561 4, 223 1, 704 1,537 Enrollment . . . . . 1, 440, 973 938, 557 243, 082 167, 040 50, 666 41, 628 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher . 49 58 38 41 32 28 IV. Summer Schools: Number of school systems . 265 52 104 79 22 8 Number of supervisors and prin¬ cipals . . . . . 366 211 91 50 12 2 Number of teaching positions _ 7,966 5,558 1,628 666 72 42 Total number of supervisors, principals, and teachers (positions) . . . 8, 332 5,769 1, 719 716 84 44 Enrollment . . . 326, 906 224, 115 79, 665 18, 682 3, 363 1,081 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher . 41 40 49 28 47 26 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1951-52 [In thousands of dollars] City-size groups: Based on United States Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population and more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 population) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 population) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 2 3 4 5 6 7 I.— Receipts and Balances Revenue receipts from: Federal Government for vet¬ erans’ education. _ $14, 091 $4, 427 $2, 022 $2,348 $2,424 $2, 870 Federal Government other than veterans’ education... 43,253 11, 082 13, 636 9,666 4,860 4, 009 The State. . . 989, 070 347, 553 199, 205 181, 254 138, 706 122, 352 The county (taxes and appro¬ priations) . . 324, 724 140, 346 64, 719 54,160 34, 815 30, 684 Local taxation . . 1, 934, 338 999, 329 386, 727 261, 801 165, 501 120, 980 Separate tax levy by district, city, or county for debt service . . . .. 161, 893 61, 309 35, 286 32, 151 21, 190 11, 957 Appropriations from local civil divisions _ _ 120, 952 56, 459 36, 269 15, 413 7,482 5,329 Other school districts for tuition and transfers. . . 83, 508 11, 098 16, 422 20, 879 19, 267 15,842 All other local revenue re¬ ceipts. . . . . . 61,466 19, 061 15,599 12, 595 8,029 6,182 Total revenue receipts _ 3,733,295 1,650, 664 769,885 590,267 402, 274 320,205 Nonrevenue receipts from: Loans and bond sales . . 490, 378 164, 424 106, 179 121, 045 60,742 37,988 All other nonrevenue sources. . 53,766 13, 503 13, 722 10, 505 4, 414 11, 622 Total nonrevenue re¬ ceipts _ 544, 144 177,927 119, 901 131, 550 65, 156 49,610 Total revenue and non¬ revenue receipts _ 4, 277, 439 1,828,591 889, 786 721,817 467,430 369,815 Balances from previous year for: Current opera tions... . 347, 349 97, 937 93, 413 69, 746 47,548 38, 705 Building reserve. _ 500, 564 223,940 99, 119 95, 516 55, 446 26,543 Serial bond interest and re¬ demption . . . . . 74, 627 24,492 19, 890 13, 755 10, 302 6,188 Grand total (all receipts and balances) _ 5, 199, 979 2, 174,960, 1, 102, 208 900, 834 580, 726 441,251 n.— Expenditures (Full-time day schools) Administration (general control): Business _ _ 52, 968 22,554 11, 075 8,677 6,180 4,482 Educational _ _ 58,815 22,104 8,903 10, 055 9,507 8,246 Total _ _ 111, 783 44,658 19,978 18, 732 15, 687 12, 728 Instruction: Salaries: Supervisors . . 33,409 13, 052 10, 687 6,282 2,205 1, 183 Principals _ _ _ 124,153 54,305 25, 934 19,684 13,254 10, 976 Teacher and other in¬ structional staff posi¬ tions _ 1, 939, 295 861, 871 401, 811 305, 235 209, 721 160, 657 Clerks _ _ ... 52,058 31, 523 10, 714 5,845 2,818 1,158 Textbooks (free to all pupils) .. 23, 293 8,757 4, 748 4,207 3,345 2. 236 Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expense.. 93,540 33, 988 21, 301 17, 827 11, 016 9,408 Total for instruction _ 2,265, 748 1, 003, 496, 475, 195 359, 080 242,359 185,618 Average salary of teacher (dollars) _ 3,839 4,393 3,765 3,518 3,199 3,220 Operation of school plant (jani¬ tors’ wages, fuel, light, power, etc.) . 324, 653 140,230 70, 516 52, 386 34,552 26, 969 Maintenance of school plant (re¬ pairs and replacements) . 151, 911 70,324 33,077 21, 438 14,980 12,092 326602—55 - 3 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1951-52 — Continued [In thousands of dollars] City-size groups: Based on United States Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population and more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 population) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 population) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II.— Expenditures— Con . Auxiliary school services: Promotion of health ... _ $33, 694 $14, 960 $7, 492 $5, 250 $3,544 $2,448 School lunch program _ 29, 671 6,358 7,812 6,540 4,591 4, 370 Extracurricular activities al¬ located to pupil costs - 28, 451 12, 622 4, 904 4,332 3,785 2,808 Transportation of pupils. - 43, 597 9,038 5, 263 8,444 9, 343 11,509 Community educational services: Disbursements made by local board of education for vari¬ ous activities not allocated to pupil costs; (e. g. public libraries not devoted solely to school use; public recrea¬ tion; and services to non¬ public schools) . . 13, 242 7,934 2, 210 1,392 737 969 Fixed charges: Chargeable to pupil costs _ 125, 546 77, 593 17,209 12, 921 9,745 8,078 Not chargeable to pupil costs (transfers between districts for tuition, bus services, etc.) . . . . . 22, 484 6, 315 5,975 4,790 3, 371 2,033 Total current expendi¬ tures _ 3, 150, 780 1, 393, 528 649, 631 495, 305 342,694 268, 622 Amount of current expendi¬ tures chargeable to pupil costs (in full-time day schools) . . 3, 115, 054 1, 379, 279 641, 446 489, 123 338, 586 266, 620 Amount of current expendi¬ tures not chargeable to pupil costs in full-time public day schools _ 35, 726 14, 249 8,185 6,182 4,108 3,002 Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance (dol¬ lars) full-time public day schools _ _ _ _ _ 253.09 279. 15 254. 97 231. 60 222. 70 218. 74 III.— Part-time schools; adult education; Americaniza¬ tion; night and continua¬ tion schools and classes Expenditure for: Instruction _ . ..... 34, 476 20, 784 5,350 3,941 2,429 1, 972 All other _ _ _ _ _ 4,475 3,210 785 309 89 82 Total. _ _ _ _ 38,951 23,994 6, 135 4,250 2,518 2, 054 Pupil enrolled (dollars) _ 27.03 25. 56 25.24 25.44 49.70 49. 34 IV.— Summer Schools (con¬ ducted at public expense) Expenditure for: Instruction. _ _ . 4,820 3, 256 1, 166 328 59 11 All other _ _ _ 790 364 387 28 10 1 Total _ _ 5,610 3,620 1,553 356 69 12 Pupil enrolled (dollars) _ 17.16 16. 15 19.50 19. 06 20. 52 11.10 Total current expenditures for full-time day schools; part-time; and summer schools . . . . 3, 195, 341 1,421, 142 657,319 499,911 345,281 271,688 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1951-52 — Continued [In thousands of dollars] City-size groups: Based on United States Census of 1950 Item All groups combined Group I (100,000 population and more) Group II (25,000 to 99,999 population) Group III (10,000 to 24,999 population) Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation) Group V (2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 V.— Expenditures for capital outlay Sites, new buildings, additions, and improvements-.- - - $571, 947 $195, 853 $144, 193 $120, 067 $73, 589 $38, 245 New equipment _ .. 72, 272 17,665 16, 981 17, 346 11,387 8,893 Total expenditurees for capital outlay _ 644, 219 213, 518 161, 174 137, 413 84, 976 47, 138 VI.— Expenditures for debt service From current funds: For redemption of short-term loans . . . . 78, 381 60, 054 7,966 5, 363 3,249 1,749 For redemption of school bonds _ _ 149, 043 55, 873 35, 636 28, 022 17,650 11,862 For interest on indebtedness . 67, 746 31,120 12, 851 10, 470 7,992 5,313 For payments into school sinking funds _ 18, 131 6, 628 4, 720 3,264 2,091 1,428 All other items of debt service. 5, 173 334 1, 498 1,263 1,038 1,040 Total expenditures for debt service from cur¬ rent funds _ _ 318,474 154, 009 62, 671 48, 382 32, 020 21,392 From new bonds: For redemption of school bonds. - - - 3, 575 1,059 390 128 1,932 66 From sinking funds: For redemption of school bonds _ _ _ _ . 16,788 10, 135 3, 615 2,010 430 598 For interest on indebtedness.. 3, 923 1,570 1,195 662 207 289 Total expenditures for debt service from sink¬ ing funds 20, 711 11, 705 4, 810 2,672 637 887 Total expenditures for debt service (from cur¬ rent and other funds).. 342, 760 166, 773 67,871 51, 182 34, 589 22,345 VII.— Grand Total (current expenditures: capital outlay; and debt service from cur¬ rent funds) 4, 158, 034 1, 788, 669 881, 164 685, 706 462,277 340, 218 VIII.— Balances Carried to Following Year For current operations. . ... _ 411, 347 115, 853 98, 319 85, 712 52, 598 58, 865 For building reserves _ . _ . . 536, 681 239, 385 97, 119 111,975 53, 617 34, 585 For serial bond interest and redemption . . . . 93, 917 31,053 25,606 17, 441 12, 234 7,583 Total of balances. _ 1, 041, 945 386, 291 221,044 215, 128 118, 449 101, 033 IX.— Bonds and Sinking Funds School bonds outstanding at close of school year.. _ _ 3, 594, 290 1, 977, 959 709, 608 336,290 346, 265 224, 168 Other forms of school debt at close of school year. _ . . .. . 57, 982 12, 257 19, 345 7, 360 9,739 9, 281 Total amount in sinking fund at close of school year _ 57, 098 27, 030 12, 555 5,346 8,735 3, 432 Total amount in interest and bond accounts at close of the school year.. 93, 917 31,053 25, 606 17,441 12, 234 7,583 X.— Value of School Property Total value (cost) _ 9, 691, 187 3,918,403 2, 142, 634 1, 797,070 | 1,057,981 775, 099 Value per pupil in average daily attendance (dollars) _ 787 793 852 851 696 636 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ 1, 308 2, 109 8,580 45,574 150, 634 5, 931, 376 4, 941, 035 183 NORTHEAST _ 397 741 2,745 17, 378 51, 567 1, 932, 382 1, 608, 057 183 Connecticut _ 26 41 140 593 2,487 77,300 66, 515 181 Bridgeport - 3 11 36 108 628 20, 932 18, 629 181 Hartford _ 11 8 28 193 662 20, 538 17, 089 181 New Haven _ 9 16 52 176 746 22, 011 18,940 180 Waterbury _ 3 6 24 116 451 13, 819 11, 857 180 Massachusetts _ 70 101 298 1, 877 5, 129 193, 778 165,033 180 Boston 9 _ _ 50 5 105 881 2,256 97, 478 79, 864 180 Cambridge - - - 3 14 23 158 345 10. 761 10, 530 181 Fall River _ 2 13 29 69 347 12, 374 10, 841 182 New Bedford _ - ... _ 4 21 34 72 422 12, 297 11, 004 180 Somerville _ _ - - 2 5 12 171 369 13,384 11, 130 180 Springfield _ 5 15 35 196 633 21, 796 18, 298 182 Worcester _ . .. _ 4 28 60 330 757 25, 688 23, 366 182 New Jersey _ 49 135 199 1,385 4, 576 151, 794 127, 260 183 Camden _ _ _ _ - 7 4 28 112 503 16, 274 15, 118 182 Elizabeth _ 3 12 32 163 464 12, 811 10, 964 183 Jersey City 8 _ 8 28 44 237 970 30, 612 24, 716 183 Newark... . . ... ... - 19 74 44 528 1,615 59, 347 48, 433 183 Paterson - 7 8 24 167 627 18, 495 16, 046 183 Trenton _ 5 9 27 178 397 14, 255 11, 983 183 New York . . 198 284 1, 578 10, 168 29, 137 1, 111, 072 918, 044 182 Albany . . 3 20 23 85 484 13, 989 11, 552 182 Buffalo _ _ _ 5 34 92 580 2, 179 69, 067 59, 802 179 New York _ _ _ _ 158 76 1, 316 8,745 23, 487 929, 557 766, 840 186 Rochester... _ _ .. .. 10 93 50 397 1,013 35, 798 30, 446 182 Syracuse _ 5 23 44 118 875 28, 642 20, 117 184 Utica _ _ _ 4 11 16 103 471 13, 350 11. 469 182 Yonkers _ _ _ 13 27 37 140 628 20, 669 17, 818 179 Pennsylvania _ 48 169 484 3,129 9, 398 369, 814 307, 644 188 Allentown.. _ _ _ ... 6 9 18 179 350 14, 482 13, 098 181 Erie - 3 14 29 136 492 17, 083 14, 773 182 Philadelphia _ _ _ 30 80 291 1,980 5, 865 240, 861 191, 375 187 Pittsburgh _ _ _ 4 40 104 585 1, 815 68, 769 62, 181 198 Reading _ . 4 14 16 142 391 13, 656 12, 394 188 Scranton . . . . 1 12 26 107 485 14, 963 13, 823 190 Rhode Island Providence _ 6 11 46 226 840 28, 624 23, 561 181 NORTH CENTRAL... 398 565 2,487 12, 504 43, 182 1, 771, 703 1, 486, 831 182 Illinois _ _ 108 97 419 2, 569 10, 930 432, 689 356, 502 190 Chicago 8 _ 103 87 384 2, 424 10, 480 414, 720 342, 123 190 Peoria _ _ _ _ .. . . 5 10 35 145 450 17, 969 14, 379 189 Indiana . . . 27 91 232 1, 209 3, 517 147, 293 122, 867 180 ee footnotes at end of group I of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 for public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 POPULATION OR MORE Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $44,657,528 $13,052,127 $54,304,661 $861,870,860 $31,523,023 $42,745,295 $1,003,495,966 $331,125,046 $1,379,279 17, 307, 925 4, 685, 711 18, 218, 857 326, 523, 122 10, 866, 273 15, 293, 221 375, 587, 184 124, 396. 838 517, 293 398, 061 217, 434 793, 369 12, 267, 578 308, 169 505, 597 14, 092, 147 4, 158, 553 18, 649 67. 159 125, 037 139, 373 66, 492 56, 901 49, 261 77, 162 34, 110 223, 200 187, 053 249, 661 133, 455 2, 845, 033 3, 674, 613 3, 430, 934 2, 316, 998 47, 172 156, 741 76, 521 27, 735 103, 516 234, 361 75, 887 91, 833 3, 275, 822 4, 302, 029 3, 910, 165 2, 604, 131 936, 435 1, 523, 666 1, 006, 534 691, 918 4, 279 5,951 5,056 3, 363 2, 040, 102 773, 414 1, 667, 876 30, 498. 261 701, 470 1, 363, 157 35, 004, 178 10, 898, 248 47, 943 1, 416, 368 119, 211 60. 404 69,203 55,637 175, 118 144, 161 307, 266 65, 026 60,640 73, 298 34, 535 82,648 150,001 694, 180 150, 650 124, 369 143, 925 68, 785 223,442 262, 525 15, 506, 733 2, 258, 927 1, 611, 700 1, 540, 940 2, 175, 691 3, 665, 309 3, 738, 961 391, 042 11, 852 13, 100 12, 915 22,700 158, 113 91, 748 764, 343 49, 462 58, 313 77, 277 95, 030 182, 136 136, 596 17, 663, 564 2, 535, 917 1, 868, 122 1, 848, 355 2, 396, 741 4, 311, 648 4, 379, 831 6, 032, 534 632, 665 608,688 622, 405 533, 562 1, 256, 887 1, 211, 507 25, 112 3,288 2,537 2,540 2, 986 5,744 5,735 1, 854, 730 846, 696 1, 299, 158 26, 694, 774 1, 055, 270 1, 358. 738 31, 254, 636 11, 563. 205 44,672 117, 124 140, 523 518, 867 799, 268 155, 394 123, 554 15, 476 73, 404 187, 467 487, 854 41, 705 40, 790 122, 283 178, 077 303, 994 380, 610 139, 244 174, 950 1, 900, 230 2, 550, 952 5, 728, 257 11, 042, 987 2, 932, 227 2, 540, 121 54,745 113, 756 297, 315 419, 468 61, 637 108, 349 154, 015 154, 827 183, 964 615, 775 124, 349 125, 808 2, 246, 749 3, 071, 016 6, 700, 997 12, 946, 694 3, 299, 162 2, 990, 018 743, 024 939, 260 3, 881, 706 4, 022, 763 933, 796 1, 042, 656 3,107 4,151 11, 101 17, 769 4, 388 4,156 9, 402, 703 1, 818, 055 11, 364, 405 203, 151, 946 6,891,199 8,858,940 232,084, 545 74, 568, 192 316,055 81, 691 526, 753 8,111,412 341, 703 125, 421 87, 224 128, 499 108, 574 186, 107 403,504 776, 002 158, 066 54,742 131, 060 107,313 640, 004 9, 745, 854 324, 799 258,880 86. 796 200, 759 2, 339, 327 12, 145, 956 172, 913, 543 5, 927, 704 4, 344, 855 2, 282, 794 3, 197, 767 72,361 242, 878 5,999,351 253, 915 137, 564 51,888 133, 242 119, 930 371, 684 7, 707, 141 236, 350 159, 539 93, 779 170, 517 2, 747, 505 13, 586, 629 196, 769,393 7, 518, 770 5, 058, 904 2, 569, 999 3, 833, 345 774, 822 4, 752, 828 62, 282, 081 2, 904, 088 1, 936, 471 816, 778 1, 101, 124 3, 604 18, 866 267, 163 10, 765 7,121 3, 474 5,063 3, 387, 584 966, 212 2,831, 660 49, 747, 883 1, 768, 601 3, 043, 783 58, 358, 139 21, 785, 089 83, 531 131, 119 228, 953 1, 753, 813 994, 796 150, 994 7 127, 909 45. 250 84, 607 462, 035 241, 579 67, 941 64,800 96,900 157, 408 1, 744, 886 610,868 86, 909 134, 689 2, 143, 720 2, 489, 915 30, 895, 226 9, 542, 632 2, 181, 894 2, 494, 496 44, 101 72, 136 1, 216, 173 343, 872 61, 403 30, 916 169, 815 176,304 1, 554. 854 799, 117 148, 702 194, 991 2, 499, 786 2, 980, 370 35, 873, 174 11,538,068 2, 546, 849 2,919,892 698, 427 1,331,371 12, 740, 647 4, 947, 029 964, 353 1, 103, 262 3, 329 4, 541 50, 368 17, 480 3, 662 4,151 224, 745 63,900 262,389 4, 162, 680 141, 564 163, 006 4, 793, 539 1, 423, 551 6,442 12, 147, 559 3, 611, 900 15,513,986 248,700,803 8, 478, 314 11,800,727 288, 105, 730 102, 032, 512 402, 286 3, 743, 832 680. 114 3,010,024 64,559,192 2, 824,831 3, 565, 348 74, 639, 509 26,758,390 105, 142 3, 631, 053 112, 779 625, 574 54,540 2, 814, 286 1 62,070,370 195,738; 2,488,822 2, 769, 634 55, 197 3, 463, 835 101, 513 71, 743, 699 2, 895, 810 25, 867, 653 890, 737 101, 242 3,899 660,506 553, 105 1, 349, 260 20, 685, 698 556, 639 739,033 23,883,735 7, 144, 885 31,689 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP I— CITIES OF 100.000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region'and State her of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 45 Evansville _ _ _ .. 10 11 32 212 449 20, 435 17, 202 181 46 Fort Wayne _ 5 11 25 179 411 17, 083 14, 727 181 47 Gary - 3 10 21 131 643 25, 101 21, 568 183 48 Indianapolis _ 5 45 130 524 1, 613 67, 244 54, 357 178 49 South Bend _ 4 14 24 163 401 17, 430 15, 013 178 51 52 Iotva Des Moines-. .. - . 12 10 34 259 798 33, 372 28, 558 180 53 Kansas. _ 11 19 97 342 1,362 58, 237 48, 697 177 54 Kansas City 6 _ 1 8 41 138 485 23, 331 19, 729 173 55 Wichita _ 10 11 56 204 877 34, 906 28, 968 179 56 Michigan _ 46 68 529 2, 439 7, 377 311, 126 260, 811 186 57 Detroit 9 _ _ 32 48 450 2, 048 5,898 262, 639 216, 758 187 58 Flint 9 _ 7 6 39 217 810 27, 357 24, 653 182 59 Grand Rapids 8_ _ . . . 7 14 40 174 669 21, 130 19, 400 187 60 Minnesota... _ 25 46 167 920 3,019 123, 120 108, 163 179 61 Duluth _ 7 12 23 137 461 16, 917 14, 955 176 62 Minneapolis _ _ . .. 11 21 87 497 1, 736 68, 053 58, 922 179 63 St. Paul _ ... 7 13 57 286 822 38, 150 34, 286 181 64 Missouri _ _ 45 47 229 966 3, 901 167, 778 130, 165 186 65 Kansas City 8 _ 15 23 97 398 1, 586 66, 512 49, 131 184 66 St. Louis8 _ . _. 30 24 132 568 2, 315 101, 266 81, 034 188 67 68 Nebraska Omaha.. _ 8 18 52 170 878 34, 434 29, 679 181 69 Ohio _ _ _ 103 142 628 2, 869 9,646 384, 543 334, 339 182 70 Akron _ ... 8 13 68 284 1, 169 43, 942 38, 023 180 71 Canton _ 6 8 27 191 472 18, 979 16, 958 181 72 Cincinnati _ ... 15 26 97 496 1,597 65, 221 54, 515 188 73 Cleveland _ ... 45 40 214 771 2, 558 109, 603 93, 396 180 74 Columbus _ . ... 4 15 64 356 1, 149 46, 756 43, 382 184 75 Dayton _ . . 9 8 66 258 998 36, 856 31, 872 177 76 Toledo _ 12 21 57 253 1, 080 40, 195 35, 751 184 77 Youngstown.. _ ... 4 11 35 260 623 22, 991 20, 442 182 78 79 Wisconsin Milwaukee. .. _ . 13 27 100 761 1, 754 79, 111 67,050 1® 178 80 SOUTH _ _ 276 382 1, 668 6,431 32, 044 1, 189, 856 987, 559 179 81 82 Alabama Birmingham _ .. 5 13 55 214 1, 395 52, 668 43, 792 179 83 84 Arkansas Little Rock _ 8 8 30 58 526 17, 056 14, 428 172 85 86 Delaware Wilmington.. . . . . 9 21 20 130 444 12,744 11, 614 185 87 88 District of Columbia: Washington 8 _ _ 32 40 171 613 2,836 99, 591 86, 368 178 89 90 Georgia Atlanta. _ _ _ 25 13 118 428 1,987 73, 591 61, 941 182 See footnotes at end of group I of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four < ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 3 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $75, 823 48, 238 116, 436 325, 852 94, 157 $86,004 81, 560 67, 414 230, 697 87, 430 $203, 135 149, 044 148, 692 706, 117 142, 272 s $2, 791, 816 2, 786, 822 3, 224, 550 9, 322, 942 2, 559, 568 $79, 667 67, 775 148, 404 206, 778 54, 015 $106, 525 73, 444 184, 170 319, 544 55, 350 $3, 267, 147 3, 158, 645 3, 773, 230 10, 786, 078 2,898,635 $703,234 737, 291 1,059, 718 3, 617, 918 1, 026, 724 $4, 046 3, 944 4, 949 14, 730 4, 020 249, 268 75,580 190, 533 4, 150, 779 93, 916 195, 700 4, 706, 508 2, 023, 064 6,979 256, 036 95, 465 473, 239 5, 777, 572 149, 280 438,804 6, 934,360 1, 759, 519 8, 950 110, 047 145, 989 43, 677 51, 788 205, 666 267, 573 2, 071, 984 3, 705, 588 26, 694 122, 586 89,288 349, 516 2, 437, 309 4, 497, 051 723, 660 1, 035, 859 3,271 5, 679 2, 074, 500 500, 327 3, 359, 850 47, 062, 945 1, 585, 220 1, 376, 932 53,885, 274 17, 444, 694 73, 404 1, 662, 996 187, 934 223, 570 375, 890 36, 382 88, 055 2, 866, 738 256, 112 237, 000 39, 711, 441 3, 897, 591 3, 453, 913 1, 400, 292 98, 514 86, 414 964, 451 239, 671 172,810 45, 318, 812 4, 528, 270 4, 038. 192 14, 234, 790 1, 453, 827 1,756,077 61, 216 6,170 6,018 | 920, 020 323, 589 1, 098, 849 17, 729, 058 704, 935 1, 018, 578 20,875,009 10, 520, 802 32,316 99, 574 ! 523, 810 296, 636 56,468 150, 440 116, 681 136, 126 583, 267 379, 456 2, 537, 720 10, 283, 592 4, 907, 746 86, 777 485, 086 133, 072 121. 323 522, 831 374, 424 2,938,414 12, 025, 216 5, 911, 379 1,112,065 7, 325, 653 2, 083, 084 4, 150 19, 875 8,291 1, 354, 617 268, 616 1,400,311 19, 767, 404 516, 571 1,147,521 23, 100, 423 9, 043, 892 33,499 444, 145 910, 472 153, 985 114, 631 583, 920 816, 391 8, 432, 604 11,334, 800 199, 049 317, 522 289,872 857, 649 9, 659, 430 13, 440, 993 2, 949, 563 6, 094, 329 13, 053 20, 446 175, 609 86, 944 287, 943 3,901,997 96,282 189,027 4, 562, 193 1, 590, 442 6,328 2, 286, 861 842, 966 3,705,263 54, 048, 653 1, 553, 221 2, 688, 738 62, 838,841 21, 794, 450 86, 920 200, 964 110, 097 485, 306 737, 149 213, 312 230, 142 224, 408 85, 483 59, 100 35, 573 168,852 272, 963 70, 217 48, 173 125,846 62, 242 328, 611 167, 480 637, 422 1, 291, 059 436, 887 318, 709 332, 179 192, 916 6,296,150 2, 638, 334 9, 540, 961 15, 076, 959 5, 830, 012 5, 531, 613 5, 571, 895 3, 562, 729 179, 401 65, 255 337, 966 523, 977 103, 142 70, 733 178, 612 94, 135 238, 419 152, 442 415, 265 663, 705 468, 372 277, 966 310, 123 162, 446 7, 101, 681 3, 059, 084 11, 100, 466 17, 828, 663 6, 908, 630 6, 247, 194 6, 518, 655 4, 074, 468 2, 307, 069 812, 643 3, 697, 090 7, 981, 266 2, 376, 387 1, 521, 207 2, 181, 703 917, 085 9, 610 3,982 15, 283 26, 546 9, 498 7,999 8, 925 5, 077 2, 426, 310 185, 194 638, 714 11,017,505 397, 419 441, 046 12, 679, 878 3, 952, 374 17, 059 6, 443. 219 2, 169, 618 9, 129, 277 142, 534, 957 3,826,142 6, 127, 028 163,787,022 42, 239, 576 212, 469 168, 520 64, 577 256, 008 5, 140, 894 146, 800 149, 683 5, 757, 962 955, 687 6,882 57, 955 36, 905 122, 106 1,550,918 55, 419 44, 908 1,810,256 353, 565 2, 222 142, 975 109, 178 139, 297 2, 502, 295 106, 561 113, 224 2, 970, 555 696, 499 3,810 738, 292 233, 555 1, 004, 497 14, 779, 017 410, 744 1, 082, 919 17, 510, 732 7,308, 394 25, 557 243, 257 61,854 496, 146 7, 235, 869 212, 472 213, 074 8, 219, 415 1, 562, 102| 10, 025 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kentucky Louisville _ .. _ _ 13 12 72 336 1, 280 43, 677 38, 160 185 Louisiana New Orleans. . . 17 91 318 1, 682 67, 601 55, 737 182 Maryland Baltimore6... . . . 48 76 146 926 3, 229 131, 199 107, 928 183 North Carolina Charlotte . - . . 3 9 31 113 670 23, 145 20, 300 180 Oklahoma _ ... 15 32 122 510 2,119 97, 538 75, 173 178 Oklahoma City _ 11 14 80 269 1, 217 55, 649 39, 863 179 Tulsa _ 4 18 42 241 902 41, 889 35, 310 176 Tennessee _ _ 22 35 204 636 3, 455 127, 509 112, 142 181 Chattanooga. .. . .. . .. 3 9 44 99 626 21, 158 19, 405 185 Knoxville _ 8 7 44 148 581 20, 428 18, 201 180 Memphis . . . . . 6 7 72 226 1,494 61, 395 53, 038 180 Nashville _ _ 5 12 44 163 754 24, 528 21, 498 180 Texas.. . . . .. 53 77 483 1, 715 9, 829 362, 108 291, 492 176 Austin _ _ _ _ 6 11 35 131 657 20, 789 16, 765 176 Corpus Christi. . . 4 9 35 278 463 21, 775 18, 765 176 El Paso. _ _ 9 14 33 202 712 26, 809 22, 145 176 Dallas _ 6 13 92 320 1,990 71, 068 57, 899 176 Fort Worth _ _ _ 6 13 70 298 1,345 50, 222 41, 204 176 Houston _ 16 13 139 285 3, 342 114, 867 87, 226 175 San Antonio . . _ 6 4 79 201 1, 320 56, 578 47, 488 179 Virginia _ _ _ 26 46 125 434 2, 592 81, 429 68, 484 181 Arlington _ _ 12 14 25 138 533 18, 796 15, 768 183 Norfolk _ 9 17 47 116 928 28, 322 23, 551 180 Richmond _ 5 15 53 180 1, 131 34, 311 29, 165 180 WEST _ ..... 237 421 1, 680 9, 261 23, 841 1, 037, 435 858, 588 177 Arizona. . . 12 10 39 252 520 22, 551 17, 687 169 Phoenix: Elementary district _ 6 10 22 83 375 13, 981 10, 568 167 High school district. . . ... 6 17 169 145 8, 570 7,119 171 California _ . 154 294 1, 187 6, 733 16, 424 737, 163 603, 869 177 Berkeley. _ _ _ _ . 9 10 20 166 306 13, 662 12, 216 176 Long Beach 6 _ 19 22 54 501 1, 186 73, 893 ii 43,850 176 Los Angeles 6 . . . _ . . 64 110 640 3, 856 8, 444 408, 751 12 331, 708 178 Oakland _ _ _ 7 34 109 444 1, 473 52, 867 50, 455 176 Pasadena6 _ _ . 7 46 45 377 723 29, 752 27, 136 178 Sacramento6.. . . 5 21 44 226 604 21, 947 19, 285 177 San Diego 6 _ 24 17 81 491 1, 319 60, 117 47, 973 178 San Francisco 6 _ 19 34 194 13 672 13 2, 369 76, 174 71, 246 177 footnotes at end of group I of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction A dm inis- Salaries and wages Four 4 ma¬ Total * six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) tration Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures jor ac¬ counts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $490, 778 $67, 200 $461, 319 $6, 680, 160 $200, 434 $280, 760 $7, 689, 873 $2, 281, 333 $10, 462 237, 997 489,358 7, 638, 968 165, 885 225, 725 8, 519, 936 4, 076, 725 12, 835 779, 137 452, 255 960, 852 18, 357, 715 334, 386 657, 649 20, 762, 857 6, 269,036 27, 811 72, 547 45, 033 176, 569 3, 072, 749 51, 551 60, 015 3, 405, 917 560, 808 4,039 393, 561 151, 530 622, 810 9, 267, 282 309, 825 561, 187 10, 912, 634 3, 091, 268 14,397 217, 463 176, 098 65, 415 86, 115 378, 225 244, 585 5, 135, 038 4, 132, 244 142, 017 167, 808 317, 996 243, 191 6, 038, 691 4, 873, 943 1, 478, 022 1, 613, 246 7,734 6, 663 543, 620 187, 346 941, 665 12, 480, 137 297, 002 721, 362 14, 627, 512 3, 145, 482 18, 317 65, 001 91, 365 145, 409 241, 845 42,006 40,290 59, 476 45, 574 210, 711 222, 684 292, 647 215, 623 2, 342, 493 2, 285, 664 4, 748, 575 3, 103, 405 60, 563 142, 950 45, 335 48, 154 102, 807 162, 385 320, 186 135, 984 2, 758, 580 2, 853, 973 5, 466, 219 3, 548, 740 417, 462 841, 764 1, 182, 331 703, 925 3,241 3, 787 6, 794 4, 495 2, 198, 359 490, 649 2, 756, 580 43, 413, 754 1, 234, 990 1, 287, 779 49, 183, 752 9, 088, 142 60,470 108, 088 177, 801 172, 773 455, 368 233, 705 758, 425 292, 199 66, 308 46, 526 120, 315 80, 200 82, 695 76, 605 18, 000 200, 715 163, 829 204, 961 503, 702 411,050 783, 097 489, 226 2, 903, 296 2, 711, 129 2, 969, 973 8, 724, 103 6, 247, 122 13, 683, 818 6, 174, 313 90, 849 53, 422 100, 882 231, 509 174, 906 415, 789 167, 633 132, 732 117, 464 98, 439 326, 015 210, 400 208, 267 194, 462 3, 393, 900 3, 092, 370 3, 494, 570 9,865, 529 7, 126, 173 15, 167, 576 7, 043, 634 523, 965 618, 730 558, 367 2, 325, 705 1, 153, 766 2, 660, 839 1, 246, 770 4, 026 3, 889 4, 226 12, 647 8, 514 18, 587 8, 583 376, 221 269, 536 702,070 10, 415, 199 300, 073 728, 743 12, 415, 621 2, 850, 535 15, 642 119, 165 107, 049 150, 007 90, 314 93, 320 85,902 157, 064 254, 364 290, 642 2, 511, 598 3, 421, 286 4, 482, 315 83, 706 89, 546 126, 821 248, 253 156, 758 323, 732 3, 090, 935 4, 015, 274 5, 309, 412 856, 926 882, 935 1, 110, 674 4,067 5,005 6, 570 8, 758, 825 2, 584, 898 11, 442, 541 144, 111, 978 8, 352, 294 9, 524, 319 176, 016, 030 62, 456, 120 247, 231 218, 073 55, 310 211, 127 3, 576, 567 122, 083 303, 971 4, 269,058 1, 092, 753 5, 580 76,044 142, 029 55, 310 125, 694 85, 433 2,038, 074 1, 538, 493 31, 402 90, 681 109, 494 194, 477 2, 359, 974 1, 909, 084 471, 420 621, 333 2,907 2, 673 6, 790, 412 1, 914, 569 8, 505, 880 104, 289, 477 6, 666, 069 6, 873, 262 128, 249, 257 46, 920, 987 181, 961 182, 490 577, 611 3, 701, 299 444, 508 383, 114 193, 538 453, 107 854, 745 41, 622 152, 872 780, 678 177, 124 319, 143 120,600 95, 999 226, 531 129, 135 333, 170 4, 916, 476 590, 168 332, 060 291,600 447, 320 1, 465, 951 1, 952, 858 7, 525, 830 56, 010, 576 8, 091, 429 4, 510, 583 3, 656, 676 7, 666, 835 14, 874, 690 123, 621 585, 763 3, 710, 599 455, 366 542, 184 135, 140 470, 788 642, 608 198, 599 468, 202 3, 124, 944 605, 838 446, 524 398, 218 584,005 1, 046,932 2, 445, 835 9, 065, 837 68, 543, 273 9, 919, 925 6, 150, 494 4, 602, 234 9, 264, 947 18, 256,712 868, 574 2, 940, 465 26, 343, 295 2, 655, 717 2, 313, 882 1, 317, 183 2, 992, 734 7, 489, 137 3,497 12, 584 98, 588 13, 020 8,847 6, 113 12, 711 26, 601 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught * i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 132 133 Colorado Denver . . . 13 45 146 520 1, 590 61, 306 49, 781 177 134 135 Oregon Portland . . ... . - 14 20 82 552 1,507 60, 569 49,842 185 136 137 Utah Salt Lake City 14. . 7 9 45 271 809 36, 882 32, 516 177 138 Washington... . 37 43 181 933 2, 991 118, 964 104, 893 182 139 Seattle . . 18 20 90 503 1, 657 70, 765 59, 049 185 140 Spokane.. . 14 10 45 234 689 26, 670 25, 190 180 141 Tacoma. . . 5 13 46 196 645 21, 529 20, 654 180 » Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided that half or more than half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. 2 The actual number of days in the school year that children were provided instruction. 3 Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where text¬ books or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any furnished to pupils gratis is classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of school plant, (2) maintenance of school plant, (3) auxiliary school services, and (4) fixed charges. 5 Rounded total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17. Sum of parts may not necessarily agree with totals. 6 Includes data on junior college, college, or university administered as part of the city school system. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $507, 174 $202, 031 $859, 103 $8, 243, 895 $466, 834 $581, 667 $10, 353, 530 $3, 832, 903 $14, 694 449, 453 113, 360 558, 588 8, 174, 891 378, 868 395, 282 9, 620, 989 3, 298, 991 13, 369 174, 449 46, 017 229, 061 3, 524, 766 116, 161 400, 172 4, 316, 177 1, 064, 646 5,555 619, 264 253, 611 1, 078, 782 16, 302, 382 602, 279 969, 965 19, 207, 019 6, 245, 840 26, 072 399, 597 92, 776 126, 891 134, 134 51, 165 68,312 563, 619 266, 878 248, 285 9, 092, 750 3, 541, 900 3, 667, 732 397, 804 110, 858 93, 617 514, 235 224, 087 231, 643 10, 702, 542 4, 194, 888 4, 309, 589 3, 412, 439 1, 369, 744 1, 463, 657 14, 515 5, 657 5, 900 7 Includes tax collection fees of $69,122. s Excludes salaries of kindergarten teachers which are reported under the fixed charges account, and are not charged as an expenditure for pupils in average daily attendance. 9 Excludes all data for Wayne University. These figures are included with totals given in the tables 1 and 2, Comparative Summary Statistics by City-size Groups. i° “Because of polio epidemic in Milwaukee, Wis., grades 1 to 6 were not allowed to begin as early in Sep¬ tember 1951 as upper grades did.” 11 “Does not include absence due to illness which is counted in California for apportionment of State moneys.” 12 Total days of attendance in Los Angeles, Calif., as provided by State law, include actual attendance plus absence due to illness. is Total for teachers distributed by sex on basis of previous reports. i* “Excluding the Stewart School on University of Utah Campus.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II— CITIES OF 25,000 Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ 943 2, 107 4, 790 24,889 81,824 2,894, 630 2,515, 792 180 NORTHEAST— . . 255 875 1, 366 8, 173 26, 240 844, 333 737, 828 181 Connecticut . . 20 56 151 642 2,492 82, 207 72, 921 182 Bristol . . . 1 3 12 39 180 5,538 4, 770 181 East Hartford. . . . 1 4 12 33 177 5, 878 5, 024 182 Meriden _ _ 1 5 13 50 147 5,404 4, 628 1,391 181 1 3 22 52 1, 515 179 New Britain. .. . ... _ 2 13 17 78 365 10, 852 9,347 182 New London _ . .. 1 2 7 65 127 5, 043 4,230 181 Norwalk _ . _ 1 5 18 63 270 7,914 7, 903 183 Norwich 9 _ 1 4 5 5 122 3, 965 3,462 180 Stamford _ _ 5 7 15 112 355 11, 674 11, 088 182 Stratford _ ... .. _ 1 8 10 29 180 6,598 5, 757 3,893 183 Torrington _ _ 1 10 38 127 4,373 180 West Hartford _ _ 3 1 16 72 216 7,390 6,365 182 West Haven _ .. .. ... 1 4 13 36 174 6,063 5,063 182 Maine . . 5 27 22 151 585 18, 795 17, 586 181 Bangor.. . . . . . 1 7 7 38 151 4,725 3,256 4,277 182 Lewiston _ _ _ 1 4 7 18 100 2,890 178 Portland _ _ _ 3 16 8 95 334 10, 814 10, 419 182 Massachusetts. . 49 238 317 1, 829 5, 958 188, 315 166, 174 178 Arlington _ _ _ 1 9 10 69 174 6, 005 5, 387 178 Belmont _ _ _ _ 2 6 8 43 130 3,707 3, 320 181 Beverly.. . . 1 7 9 27 146 4,090 3,759 182 Brockton _ ... . . . 1 8 14 68 263 9,009 6,744 8,200 181 Brookline _ _ 3 9 9 71 230 5, 820 184 Chelsea _ _ 1 12 6 62 137 5,200 6,010 4, 439 178 Chicopee _ _ _ 1 6 10 35 178 5, 100 182 Everett . . . . 2 10 9 74 216 6, 929 6, 120 179 Fitchburg.. . . . 1 12 5 46 112 3, 931 3, 603 176 Framingham _ .. . .. 2 4 10 43 117 3, 815 3, 432 177 Gloucester... . _ _ _ 1 8 3 33 124 4, 014 3, 641 175 Haverhill _ _ 1 7 6 38 161 5, 196 4,636 176 Holyoke7.. . _ _ 2 2 13 89 180 5,795 4, 877 182 Lawrence . . 1 12 23 69 241 7, 265 6, 498 172 Lowell . . . . 2 15 70 330 8, 727 11, 448 7, 659 178 Lynn _ _ _ ... 5 17 18 134 351 10, 174 180 Malden _ 1 7 14 80 257 7,444 9, 227 6, 617 180 Medford. . . . 2 10 17 108 287 8, 193 176 Melrose . . 1 4 39 142 4, 079 13, 335 3, 810 179 Newton . . . . 5 13 24 153 395 11, 154 180 Northampton . . . .. 1 8 5 20 99 2,945 2, 649 176 Pittsfield _ 2 17 22 48 248 8, 266 7,299 180 Quincy - - - 4 6 18 106 384 12, 867 11, 215 179 Revere _ _ _ ... 1 10 7 68 180 5, 773 4, 962 181 Salem _ _ _ 1 8 7 50 143 3, 960 3, 476 179 Taunton . . . 1 7 6 27 188 5, 044 4, 559 177 Waltham... . _ . .. ... 1 7 9 46 189 6,039 5, 410 173 Watertown _ 1 6 9 52 174 5,063 4,444 178 Weymouth _ ... . . 1 10 7 61 182 6,388 5,721 178 New Hampshire _ 7 26 33 153 410 14, 838 12, 339 177 Concord . . . 3 6 8 36 107 3, 668 2,999 177 Manchester _ _ 2 12 15 83 188 7,671 6,190 180 Nashua . 2 8 10 34 115 3,499 3,150 177 ee footnotes at end of group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 TO 99,999 POPULATION Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four * ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total « six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 i: 18 $19,977,818 $10,686,718 $25,934,148 $401,810,519 $10,713,732 $26,050,023 $475, 195, 140 $146,273,373 $641,446 6, 577, 282 4, 487, 129 7, 566, 398 133, 153, 100 2, 997, 099 8, 729, 613 156, 933, 339 53, 492, 225 217, 003 414, 535 288, 636 790, 487 11, 925, 854 254, 080 834, 035 14, 093, 092 3, 724, 325 18,232 24,849 11, 765 60, 200 894, 481 32, 641 61, 430 1, 060, 517 269, 213 1, 355 31, 695 18, 875 54, 138 731, 825 19, 865 47, 936 872, 639 194, 573 1, 099 25, 533 19, 141 67, 346 760, 792 17, 818 64, 587 929, 684 261, 926 1, 217 16, 341 15, 350 291, 367 5, 834 20, 793 333, 344 102, 453 452 45, 961 83, 933 74, 807 1, 547, 773 34, 376 106, 528 1, 847, 417 553, 122 2,447 21, 767 8,900 34, 950 675, 473 20, 372 72, 417 812, 112 248, 575 1,082 29,707 28, 345 95, 578 1, 137, 335 16, 811 57,433 1, 335, 502 385, 134 1, 750 16, 619 16, 056 25, 000 473, 592 39, 064 553, 712 124, 387 695 90,536 40, 435 105, 511 2, 158, 333 44,368 123, 665 2, 472, 312 636, 345 3, 199 24, 670 34,450 52, 600 744, 758 7, 135 53, 402 892, 345 169, 661 1, 087 17, 627 52, 580 629, 505 8,391 46, 667 737, 143 192, 284 947 46, 918 5,600 85, 277 1, 128, 429 40, 903 121, 413 1, 381, 622 374, 803 1,803 22,312 21, 136 67, 150 752, 191 5, 566 18, 700 864, 743 211, 849 1, 099 70, 425 94, 099 97, 717 2, 008, 706 31, 635 139, 184 2,371,341 762, 299 3,204 18,288 31, 367 31,500 449, 688 5,954 47, 975 566, 484 198, 563 783 8, 949 12, 790 26, 517 345, 458 5,941 19, 952 410, 658 130, 429 550 43, 188 49, 942 39, 700 1, 213, 560 19, 740 71, 257 1, 394, 199 433, 307 1, 871 1, 089, 883 1, 157, 527 1, 652, 254 29,069,096 437, 715 1, 960, 963 34, 277, 555 11, 289, 138 46, 657 29, 943 40,500 50, 000 945, 000 15, 226 76, 589 1, 127, 315 403, 647 1,561 34,231 30,000 48, 000 655, 980 12, 300 68, 775 815, 055 305, 912 1, 155 26, 901 28,000 37, 800 582, 163 37, 848 685, 811 302, 797 1, 016 28,896 37, 412 69, 589 1, 192, 566 14, 204 64, 534 1,378, 305 337, 264 1, 744 48, 288 51, 192 55,720 1, 390, 476 31, 752 194, 449 1, 723, 589 666, 221 2,438 28,208 54, 000 27, 000 724, 804 19, 500 49, 468 874, 772 331, 314 1, 234 31, 578 27, 167 60, 162 728, 512 13, 773 42, 920 872, 534 199, 622 1, 104 38,024 89, 792 70, 371 990, 169 6, 679 46, 491 1, 203, 502 347, 902 1, 589 24, 548 69, 486 32, 311 560, 242 11, 720 45, 004 718, 763 281, 635 1, 025 29,643 18, 000 42, 000 600, 608 5,000 29, 034 694, 642 296, 271 1, 021 23, 616 28,000 12, 000 503, 659 28, 552 572, 211 361, 049 957 26, 419 28, 000 29, 244 690, 992 16,000 36, 914 801, 150 389, 026 1, 217 36, 119 11, 545 59, 871 884, 958 17, 297 58, 124 1, 031, 795 389, 462 1, 457 44, 527 57, 000 119, 849 1, 150, 000 8,946 38, 409 1, 374, 204 399, 988 1,819 49, 805 85, 000 1, 568, 651 4, 000 52, 981 1, 710, 632 544, 511 2, 305 82, 030 68, 795 84, 414 1,897,292 38, 543 92, 420 2, 181, 464 975, 768 3,239 31, 951 36, 282 73, 774 1, 090, 000 9,355 73, 887 1, 283, 298 284, 328 1,600 46, 181 47, 100 92, 700 1, 546, 510 28,200 74, 934 1, 789, 444 389, 835 2, 225 29, 104 20, 000 720, 735 2, 049 12, 127 754, 911 251, 976 1,036 101, 427 64, 179 137, 618 2, 314, 734 86, 553 163, 447 2, 766, 531 801, 136 3, 669 16, 697 40, 000 27, 500 422, 059 2, 175 15, 037 506, 771 139, 338 663 31, 415 85,000 110, 000 1, 125, 847 14, 000 110, 189 1, 445, 036 362, 024 1,838 79, 486 32, 273 83, 295 1, 892, 946 26, 565 138, 256 2, 173, 335 678, 171 2,931 26, 217 40, 000 28, 000 834, 152 10, 000 62, 415 974, 567 500, 248 1,501 27, 734 34, 816 36, 700 718, 365 11, 530 42, 740 844, 151 236, 886 1, 109 28, 913 33, 350 30, 000 766, 716 7, 860 96, 190 934, 116 238, 231 1, 201 26, 760 35, 058 45, 615 910, 110 3,088 55, 705 1, 049, 576 327, 140 1,403 29,948 24,600 45, 000 800, 636 10, 000 58, 853 939, 089 276, 179 1,245 31, 274 45, 980 38,721 860, 214 11, 400 94, 671 1, 050, 986 271, 257 1,354 114, 400 123,233 144, 939 1, 951, 802 24,706 115, 488 2, 360, 168 820, 450 3, 295 33, 868 26, 217 34, 759 497, 152 7, 318 37, 478 602, 924 210, 624 847 56,445 66, 384 66, 828 914, 768 7,807 53, 775 1, 109, 562 368, 058 1, 534 24,087 30, 632 43, 352 539, 882 9,581 24,235 647, 682 241, 768 914 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II— CITIES OF 25,000 Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region'and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New Jersey _ 72 161 277 1, 572 5,567 167, 484 142, 676 183 Atlantic City . . 2 7 14 93 237 7.762 6,388 181 Bayonne . . . 5 13 11 109 369 8, 316 7,069 182 Belleville . . . 1 5 9 38 160 5, 224 4,532 184 Bloomfield . . . . 4 6 12 77 226 6,983 5, 941 183 Clifton . . . . .. 3 7 13 57 285 10, 091 8,676 185 East Orange . 4 5 11 94 241 7, 984 6, 716 185 Garfield... . _ . . 2 9 26 129 3, 458 3,085 4, 367 182 Hackensack.. _ _ _ 1 3 7 38 163 5, 101 182 Hoboken . . . 1 14 7 62 222 5, 809 4,735 183 Irvington . 2 5 10 70 241 7, 628 6, 394 183 Kearny _ _ .. 2 4 8 30 176 4, 778 4, 137 184 Linden _ _ _ 2 8 14 62 182 5,239 4, 558 182 Montclair _ _ _ _ 4 6 11 75 210 6, 148 5, 257 183 New Brunswick- _ _ 3 8 7 43 170 4, 886 3, 964 180 North Bergen . . 3 1 8 18 157 4,747 3, 947 183 Nutley _ _ _ 1 3 6 53 135 4, 169 3, 595 185 Orange . . . 2 8 10 46 145 4,638 4, 074 183 Passaic.- . 3 10 13 44 274 7,115 6,034 181 Perth Amboy _ _ - 4 6 13 53 192 5, 617 4,761 183 Plainfield _ _ _ 2 6 8 65 217 6, 379 5, 542 183 South Orange-Maplewood - 1 5 15 71 215 6, 103 5, 346 184 Teaneck _ _ _ _ 2 4 8 59 158 6, 057 5,307 177 Union City . 11 9 10 78 219 6,501 5,306 185 Union Township . . 1 6 8 54 185 6, 160 5, 317 182 Vineland-- _ _ 1 5 36 116 4, 545 4,901 3, 931 4,036 183 West New York-- . 2 1 7 37 209 182 West Orange _ _ 2 8 10 46 145 4, 638 6,507 4, 074 183 Woodbridge.. . . . 1 3 13 38 189 5,587 181 New York.. . . 52 208 266 1,435 4, 944 155, 830 133, 452 181 Amsterdam . 5 8 10 44 161 4, 392 3, 773 178 Auburn _ _ _ 1 13 9 40 147 4, 668 3, 451 181 Binghamton _ _ 1 18 18 91 430 13, 289 11,417 180 Elmira. . . . . 1 12 13 63 251 6, 982 6, 832 182 Hempstead . . . 1 7 7 75 150 5, 909 4, 879 177 Irondequoit _ _ 1 4 22 50 1, 886 4, 511 1,672 3,863 180 Ithaca . . 1 6 9 50 127 185 Jamestown.. . . . 4 14 14 53 258 6, 775 5, 959 182 Kingston _ _ 1 4 9 41 155 5,231 4,531 182 Lackawanna _ _ 1 8 12 43 128 4,087 3, 624 179 Lockport . . . 3 4 7 43 124 4, 343 3, 833 178 Mount Vernon _ _ _ 4 5 15 104 342 10, 704 9, 142 182 Newburgh . 1 5 10 46 147 4, 662 8, 011 4,092 186 New Rochelle. . 1 5 16 92 268 6,906 177 Niagara Falls . . . 1 20 29 171 492 15, 842 13, 891 182 Poughkeepsie . . . . . . 1 19 11 42 171 5, 523 4, 713 182 Rome . . . . 1 5 9 47 190 6, 388 5, 426 189 Schenectady _ Troy: 12 12 22 113 451 13, 694 11, 461 184 Lansingburg District _ 1 5 5 17 65 2,083 1,792 179 Union District. . . . Valley Stream: 3 9 11 50 218 5, 674 4, 193 181 Elementary District No. 13. Elementary District No. 24. Elementary District No. 30. 2 2 19 77 3,327 2, 832 180 1 2 6 38 1, 163 957 181 1 2 9 44 1,525 1,281 180 High-School District No. 1. W aterto wn. . . . . . 1 5 1 53 48 2,392 2,114 169 1 18 9 39 184 5,751 4, 843 178 White Plains . . . . 1 6 10 62 228 7, 018 5, 975 183 ee footnotes at end of group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools 55 Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 3 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Super¬ visors Salaries Princi pals and wages Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $1, 557, 428 $881, 153 $1, 751, 022 $29, 103, 420 $946, 047 $1, 862, 243 $34, 543, 885 $10, 832, 249 $46, 934 63, 555 40,500 70, 240 1, 267, 857 54, 336 88, 860 1, 521, 793 636, 559 2, 222 56 100, 353 70, 593 84, 250 1, 926, 610 51, 196 128, 556 2, 261, 205 849, 039 3, 211 57 23, 992 25,245 52, 081 771, 149 21,915 52, 511 922, 901 313, 391 1,260 58 52,380 37,700 85, 375 1, 311, 825 57, 846 67, 321 1, 560, 067 446, 535 2, 059 59 88, 018 43, 309 79, 678 1, 333, 449 35, 092 107, 062 1, 598, 590 565, 014 2, 252 60 66, 512 29, 774 85,884 1, 582, 871 60, 955 98, 274 1, 857, 758 503, 767 2,428 61 30, 373 43, 975 525, 972 5, 904 36, 383 612, 234 190, 894 834 62 43, 593 11,986 39, 330 806, 551 18, 566 45,204 921, 637 309,790 1, 275 6.3 71, 723 72, 165 43, 650 1, 095, 364 19, 307 59, 166 1, 289, 652 479, 605 1,841 64 60, 807 26, 532 64, 433 1, 294, 333 44, 925 79, 920 1, 510, 143 477, 944 2,049 65 65,289 21,600 47,600 870,409 8, 522 47, 267 995, 398 358, 524 1,419 66 50, 287 46, 215 97,128 947, 517 22, 434 26, 979 1, 140, 273 333,893 1,524 67 92, 934 40, 800 82, 359 1, 344, 904 75, 278 80, 070 1, 623, 411 489, 022 2, 205 68 42, 973 35,800 38, 450 884, 088 34,402 57, 218 1, 049, 958 234, 201 1,327 69 54,178 4, 442 47, 424 625, 809 35, 631 30,204 743, 510 316,209 1, 114 70 37,160 15,500 36, 900 729, 725 16, 363 31, 446 829,934 210, 316 1,077 71 45,607 45; 984 65, 150 795, 353 27, 441 45, 810 979, 738 299, 602 1,325 72 103, 758 53, 089 77, 450 1, 387, 066 51, 532 59, 061 1, 628, 198 462,204 2, 194 73 57, 528 30, 877 74, 745 999, 245 11, 567 56, 365 1, 172, 799 307, 613 1,538 74 59, 366 37,600 60,096 1, 151, 862 47, 003 98, 750 1, 395, 311 386, 156 1,841 75 31, 257 28, 550 101, 150 1, 355, 951 9,835 141, 479 1, 636, 965 382, 239 2,050 76 48, 018 20,850 54,065 855, 945 28, 459 61,654 1, 020, 973 281, 696 1, 351 77 60, 715 45,008 65, 118 1, 158, 040 45,861 58,605 1, 372, 632 459, 186 1,893 78 38, 300 31, 750 54,200 892, 463 28, 984 69, 911 1, 077, 308 296, 322 1, 412 79 32, 801 26,541 559, 367 11, 641 48,063 645, 612 227, 430 906 80 50,590 4,700 39, 100 999, 324 43, 287 79, 121 1, 165, 532 317,209 1,533 81 45, 607 45, 984 65,150 795, 353 27,441 45, 810 979, 738 299, 602 1,325 82 39, 754 14,600 69,500 835, 018 50, 324 61, 173 1,030, 615 398, 287 1,469 83 1, 413, 684 1, 151, 272 1, 573, 962 27, 181, 993 760, 733 1, 547,065 32, 215, 025 12, 319, 879 45,949 84 50, 525 35, 316 46,416 700, 882 14, 458 24, 093 821, 165 475, 057 1, 347 85 39,309 65, 277 66, 454 728, 692 15, 116 36,061 911, 600 276, 619 1,228 86 99, 398 87, 017 110, 580 2, 189, 273 55, 117 50,203 2, 492, 190 817, 296 3,409 87 43,644 68, 296 66, 552 1, 270, 665 15, 352 47, 037 1, 467, 902 431, 213 1,943 88 57, 726 53,979 60,050 1, 175, 529 45, 036 67, 195 1, 401, 789 454,203 1,914 89 15, 255 21,700 289, 724 8,206 16, 814 336,444 105, 046 457 90 36, 133 28,400 44, 950 635, 526 15, 997 56, 632 781, 505 313, 926 1, 132 91 78, 604 65, 221 75,404 1, 194, 052 34, 167 104, 422 1, 473, 266 541, 592 2, 093 92 42,554 21,900 54, 050 782, 858 15, 959 64,033 938,800 299, 877 1,281 93 49, 741 48, 959 79, 100 744, 912 28, 357 46, 189 947, 517 498, 485 1, 496 94 56,664 22, 819 40, 814 682,502 11, 637 44,088 801, 860 313, 704 1,172 95 108, 524 36,460 106, 036 2, 189, 815 62,556 146, 731 2, 541, 598 915, 053 3,565 96 38,800 23,769 54,238 785, 512 14, 587 45,440 923, 546 381, 597 1, 344 97 89,300 29,066 86, 380 1, 703, 032 64,552 71,342 1, 954, 372 770,440 2,814 98 118, 464 133, 420 151,383 2, 793, 456 58,666 106, 763 3, 243, 688 1, 311, 624 4,674 99 46,613 96, 836 60,300 890,834 41, 208 82, 183 1, 171, 361 442, 635 1, 661 100 44,459 31, 537 65,044 991, 625 16, 326 37, 659 1, 142, 191 353, 767 1,540 101 136,025 57, 055 134, 039 2, 384, 637 78, 086 184, 780 2, 838, 597 1, 145, 105 4, 120 102 19,610 22,135 24,600 294,772 4,627 24,382 370, 516 119, 510 510 103 55, 757 47, 285 45, 717 897, 294 11,766 26,567 1, 028, 629 391, 843 1, 476 104 11,764 13,600 370,012 13,228 29, 320 426,160 557,608 996 105 7,300 15,700 183, 977 7,900 14, 024 221,601 77,340 306 106 6,708 10,000 197, 956 9,000 13, 022 229, 978 92, 507 329 107 20,144 37,530 9,000 588,836 30, 414 49, 287 715, 067 166,380 902 108 42,997 82,643 51, 250 900,255 19, 343 75, 241 1, 128, 732 351,811 1,524 109 97,666 56, 352 80, 605 1, 615, 365 69,072 83, 557 1, 904, 951 715, 641 2,718 .no Ill 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP II— CITIES OF 25,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 8 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pennsylvania _ 41 126 235 1, 942 4, 954 174, 161 155, 057 183 Abington (Township) _ 2 8 10 61 136 5,295 4, 621 183 Aliquippa _ _ - 3 2 5 53 124 4,634 4,381 180 Altoona . . . 1 11 4 97 337 10, 823 9, 428 180 Bethlehem _ _ ... 1 7 12 123 232 10, 196 8, 977 184 Chester . - 2 6 13 100 289 8,601 8, 133 184 Easton... _ _ — .. 1 4 10 62 125 5,357 4, 792 185 Harrisburg _ .. 2 3 9 134 311 11, 263 9,715 186 8 77 132 5, 153 4,591 182 Hazleton - - - . 1 8 6 69 142 5,157 4,960 190 Johnstown. . - - - 1 9 17 68 307 9, 876 9, 325 180 Lancaster . . . 4 8 8 90 231 8,254 7,295 184 Lebanon - - 1 1 4 59 125 4, 929 4, 358 181 Lower Merion (Township) . . . 2 14 108 240 6,802 5,936 180 McKeesport _ 1 5 14 70 198 7, 588 6, 844 180 Mount Lebanon (Township) . 2 3 6 53 141 4,605 4,267 180 Newcastle . . 1 3 11 68 237 7, 866 6,981 180 New Kensington. . . . 1 7 7 36 114 5, 000 3, 721 180 Norristown _ _ _ 6 4 68 123 4, 770 4, 358 186 Sharon - - 1 3 10 22 149 3, 554 3, 419 180 Upper Darby (Township)... 2 7 11 98 265 9, 512 8, 092 187 Washington _ _ _ 1 3 7 19 118 3, 878 3, 745 180 Wilkes-Barre _ . 1 11 12 95 297 9, 450 8,168 184 Wilkinsburg - - 1 3 7 39 123 4, 470 3,837 180 Williamsport _ _ 1 4! 15 156 189 7, 315 6,491 189 York _ _ _ 1 10 11 117 269 9,813 8, 622 180 Rhode Island _ 8 29 60 423 1,235 39, 312 34, 645 178 Cranston _ _ _ 2 2 12 64 234 8, 548 7, 610 180 East Providence . . 1 5 6 72 151 6, 064 4, 922 170 Newport.. . . . . 1 2 8 45 148 4, 469 4, 056 181 Pawtucket. _ _ 1 18 19 138 317 8, 257 7, 432 174 Warwick.. . . 2 1 13 74 244 7, 876 7, 045 180 Woonsocket . . 1 1 2 30 141 4, 098 3,580 180 Vermont: Burlington _ 1 4 5 26 95 3,391 2,978 178 NORTH CENTRAL _ 376 691 1,651 8,891 26, 615 950, 434 826, 108 182 Illinois _ 83 164 340 1,753 5,494 186, 589 159, 338 185 Alton . . 4 6 17 51 222 7, 827 6, 837 177 Aurora: East Side District _ 1 1 9 44 125 5, 270 4, 109 186 West Side District 8 . 1 6 21 89 2,977 2, 559 190 Belleville: Elementary District _ 1 11 4 80 2,846 2,304 196 High-School District . 1 1 32 39 1,425 1,208 195 Berwyn: Elementary District No. OQ 1 4 6 63 1,595 1,423 189 y©. Elementary District No. 1 2 7 12 97 2,639 2, 147 182 100. Bloomington. . . 1 9 12 62 144 4, 643 3,681 185 Champaign . . 1 12 45 151 4, 911 4,126 188 Cicero: Elementary District _ 1 6 11 13 176 4, 426 3,808 189 High-School District 8 _ 3 12 3 113 98 4, 921 4, 292 180 Danville. _ _ 1 10 15 71 185 7, 058 6, 053 185 Decatur _ 3 7 22 100 363 12,889 10, 455 187 East St. Louis _ 2 12 20 101 372 13, 750 13, 041 181 Elgin 7 _ _ 2 5 17 91 228 7,118 6,040 185 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four * ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super visors Princi pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $1,690,385 $602, 866 $1,226, 862 $25, 743, 047 $457,653 $1,908,923 $29, 939, 351 $11,903,082 $43,533 68, 780 38,895 55,900 780, 509 13,427 85,079 973,810 1,816, 598 2,859 59, 689 9, 565 30, 200 656, 684 19, 200 44, 475 760,124 331,973 1,152 87, 011 51,414 22, 757 1,514, 435 19, 891 77, 205 1,685, 702 646,195 2,419 74, 617 35, 119 64,685 1,294,413 17,447 101,356 1,513, 020 533, 398 2,121 70,943 30,026 64,117 1,386, 393 13, 328 71,268 1,565,132 477, 332 2,113 56, 670 19, 200 51,760 813, 572 13,088 58,414 956, 034 317,890 1,331 141,763 16, 795 67, 400 1,680,706 29,175 127,424 1,921,500 605, 334 2, 669 72,063 42,910 820, 045 22, 483 24,630 910,068 348, 951 1,331 50, 775 32,435 35, 460 811,264 9,973 50, 401 939, 533 319, 929 1,310 94,438 31,463 75, 100 1,209,139 8,042 222, 505 1, 546, 249 553, 963 2,195 49, 104 37,242 42, 340 1,154, 700 10, 575 59, 017 1,303,874 479, 847 1,833 31,988 4,014 20,441 605, 797 9,003 44,982 684, 237 216, 892 933 86, 094 89, 941 1,381,292 37, 385 152, 910 1,661,528 615, 611 2,363 82i 363 13, 820 73i 600 i; 055', 794 9,755 81, 217 1,234,186 467,603 1,784 59, 473 15, 009 38,000 839, 246 22,238 61,539 976, 032 279, 401 1,315 69, 047 13, 550 53, 015 1,115,992 27,425 90, 933 1,300, 915 397, 382 1,767 35,963 27, 645 21,625 568, 323 14,117 45, 667 677, 377 156,158 869 43, 707 21,600 750,496 7, 720 10,933 790,749 264, 298 1,099 19,138 17,050 47, 055 555, 475 14,850 13, 252 647, 682 268, 405 935 104, 687 42,846 61,050 1,523,845 44, 302 94, 217 1,766, 260 561,041 2,432 26, 588 13,107 31,219 462, 352 8,244 30,351 545, 273 198,080 770 77,466 52, 430 52, 268 1,535,033 11,017 77, 400 1,728,148 572, 799 2,378 51,963 18, 800 35, 943 640,060 12, 277 71,642 778, 722 393, 563 1,224 93, 137 19,089 79, 651 1,169, 685 17, 984 119,384 1,405, 793 492, 201 1,991 82, 918 63,352 48, 825 1,417, 797 44, 707 92, 722 1,667, 403 588, 238 2, 339 213,261 172,187 307, 271 5, 775,179 75,818 336,939 6,667, 394 1,713,698 8,594 35,613 8,971 57, 922 1,097, 576 13, 842 77, 876 1,256,187 278, 343 1,570 35,699 26,123 34, 630 698, 585 8, 962 45, 699 813, 999 259, 345 1,109 20, 997 9, 983 36, 950 687, 650 18, 169 42, 515 795, 267 151,532 968 67,155 116,879 108, 094 1,676,335 20,000 44,132 1,965,440 568, 182 2,601 30,099 5, 818 60, 575 979, 246 9,541 97, 331 1,152,511 274, 246 1,457 23,698 4,413 9,100 635, 787 5,304 29, 386 683, 990 182, 050 890 13, 281 . 16,156 21,884 394, 003 8,712 24, 773 465, 528 127,105 606 6, 735, 652 3, 466, 308 9, 020, 200 137,244,947 3, 439, 694 9, 434, 672 162, 605,821 51,964, 475 221, 306 1,737, 097 828, 456 1,875, 285 28,849,415 641,038 2,016,946 34, 211,140 11,817, 042 47, 765 75, 643 24, 401 84, 942 1,001,824 14,412 92,568 1,218,147 650, 931 1,945 25, 545 4,700 41,823 648, 373 12, 340 38,712 745, 948 202, 675 974 23,212 35, 000 391,789 5,000 15, 470 447, 259 117, 420 588 14,051 49, 500 316,073 4, 000 7,864 377, 437 102, 712 494 14, 952 6,000 317,533 2, 500 18, 631 344, 664 136, 418 496 29,900 20, 000 273, 350 14,500 307, 850 89, 200 427 19,333 10, 398 38,517 338, 934 8, 711 396, 560 95,204 511 42, 754 46, 725 56,400 778, 548 16. 269 68, 796 966, 738 277, 917 1,287 24, 293 80, 225 853,154 25, 535 96, 928 1,055,842 364,197 1,444 39, 659 30, 929 78,290 825, 702 7, 500 37,540 979, 961 335, 370 1,355 59, 735 60, 000 15,000 842,888 46, 306 71,196 1,035, 390 339, 563 1,455 48, 939 45, 097 80, 602 1,025, 279 22, 959 53, 660 1,227, 597 378, 317 1,655 52, 111 31.653 132, 892 1, 975, 570 33, 652 91, 376 2, 265, 143 656, 163 2. 973 119, 301 50,000 101. 610 1, 762, 093 21,600 91, 179 2, 026, 482 878, 857 3,025 43, 908 27,524 97, 424 1, 075, 785 29, 451 128, 096 1, 358, 280 1 382, 625 1,785 326602—55 - 4 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II— CITIES OF 25,000 City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrrn staff 1 tioi Men itional (posi- as) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 7 « 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illin oi s— C ontinued Evanston: Elementary District _ 2 10 16 38 334 6,345 5, 120 187 High-School District _ 5 12 1 75 60 2,424 2,067 185 Galesburg _ 1 6 66 176 5, 651 5, 038 186 Granite City. 1 8 33 154 6,344 5,414 192 Joliet: Elementary District. . . 1 6 16 16 208 6, 377 5, 222 185 High-School District 7 9 5 2 87 69 3,021 2, 570 166 Kankakee. _ _ 1 8 12 39 92 3, 895 3, 228 187 Maywood-Melrose Park: Elementary District.. 3 5 8 8 112 3,584 2,896 186 2 2 74 68 3,692 3, 390 185 Moline _ . . 3 8 15 70 209 7,623 6,489 186 Oak Park: Elementary District. 4 7 10 17 221 4,780 3, 870 187 High-School District _ 3 8 2 66 51 2, 693 2, 431 189 Quincy - 2 7 12 53 171 5, 519 4, 654 187 Rockford _ 4 5 17 120 389 13, 243 12, 311 176 Rock Island _ . 7 1 13 51 201 7, 639 6, 537 188 Springfield _ 7 9 21 98 361 12, 772 10, 644 188 Waukegan: Elementary District 3 3 11 17 139 4, 383 3,339 185 High-School District _ 1 1 59 47 2, 309 2,035 185 Indiana . 39 76 175 1, 072 2,535 106, 986 89, 286 179 Anderson _ 1 4 15 98 187 8,948 7,866 175 Bloomington.. . .. 1 5 7 61 108 3, 941 3, 377 174 East Chicago _ _ 5 10 13 90 202 7, 769 5,901 183 Elkhart _ 3 5 13 79 169 6, 973 6,054 180 Hammond . . 13 4 17 142 429 15, 764 12, 981 181 Kokomo _ _ 2 5 14 73 164 7, 324 6,383 175 Lafayette _ .. 1 4 12 52 129 5,725 4,522 175 Marion . . 1 4 12 59 127 5,977 4,792 180 Michigan City _ 1 2 4 45 100 4, 686 3, 856 175 Mishawaka _ _ _ 3 7 9 51 135 5, 866 4, 558 179 Muncie _ 3 8 19 129 237 12, 398 9, 918 180 New Albany . 1 9 10 54 109 5,046 "4,396 175 Richmond _ . .. 1 5 12 59 164 7,600 6, 297 185 Terre Haute _ _ 3 4 18 80 275 8, 969 8,385 181 Iowa _ . 30 89 163 698 2,635 87,435 77, 141 180 Burlington _ 2 9 14 41 149 5,114 4, 777 182 Cedar Rapids _ 3 8 20 99 355 10, 804 10, 308 182 Clinton 7 _ 3 2 9 40 142 4, 801 4,336 181 Council Bluffs _ _ 4 3 15 48 233 8,823 7,531 171 Davenport.. _ _ 5 11 14 88 279 10, 552 9, 102 181 Dubuque _ . ... 3 7 12 39 132 3, 913 3,374 187 Fort Dodge 7 _ 3 6 8 35 139 4, 869 4, 171 183 Iowa City _ .. 1 5 4 21 86 2,670 2,361 180 Mason City 7 _ 3 8 11 60 160 5,152 4, 600 181 Ottumwa _ ... . 1 9 17 58 194 6,975 6,042 180 Sioux City. _ _ _ 1 11 21 91 460 13, 253 11, 456 178 Waterloo. . . 1 10 18 78 306 10, 509 9,083 182 Kansas. . 7 15 48 200 586 24, 802 20, 935 174 Hutchinson 7 _ . 1 3 10 61 186 6, 871 6,185 179 Salina _ .. 2 2 8 49 120 5,709 4,276 172 Topeka . . . . 4 10 30 90 280 12, 222 10, 474 172 ee footnotes at end of group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and wages Other s Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $66, 426 $59, 129 $83, 081 $1, 196, 433 $5,000 $64, 276 $1, 407, 919 $546, 310 $2, 021 163 89, 398 70, 000 14,000 671, 912 30,000 60, 299 846, 211 303, 368 1,239 164 74, 755 25, 854 880, 054 11, 352 25, 710 942, 970 289, 751 1,307 165 72, 145 40,000 598, 400 4, 000 176, 683 819, 083 253, 344 1, 145 166 43, 587 22,820 74, 186 890, 219 4, 000 29,446 1, 020, 671 371, 938 1,436 167 62,563 22,632 11, 468 782, 718 61, 575 87, 775 966, 168 404, 900 1, 434 168 34,385 35,000 55,000 481, 054 9,400 31, 026 611, 480 261, 697 908 169 45, 766 27,320 41, 854 436, 793 17,654 34, 196 557, 817 198, 149 802 170 67,837 13, 466 716, 891 22, 908 55, 182 808, 447 388, 073 1, 264 171 53,583 37, 707 77,423 1, 027, 410 30, 282 55, 995 1, 228, 817 370. 822 1, 653 172 80,160 37,000 73,000 1, 022, 616 12,000 31, 141 1, 175, 757 311, 415 1, 567 173 62,000 56, 898 13,700 662, 878 12,000 45, 271 790, 747 328, 679 1, 181 174 30, 911 30, 355 55,042 777, 404 23,664 67,656 954, 121 297, 020 1,282 175 105, 300 22, 980 111, 377 2, 038, 924 82, 098 104, 904 2, 360, 283 945, 690 3, 411 176 48, 320 6,546 61, 932 1, 143, 645 19, 409 65,239 1, 296, 771 399, 335 1,744 177 104, 038 50,542 142,837 1, 917, 859 19, 777 151, 912 2, 282, 927 699, 815 3, 087 178 30,449 18,100 55,840 651, 420 37,420 762, 780 172, 781 966 179 32, 138 7,000 525, 890 34, 395 57, 588 624, 873 266, 386 923 180 575, 413 379, 758 986, 942 15, 324, 290 313, 084 527, 529 17. 531, 603 4, 557, 313 22,664 181 52,128 17, 498 82,500 1, 287, 042 26. 766 70, 342 1, 484, 148 299, 777 1, 836 182 24,283 19, 010 29, 657 576, 922 4, 906 16, 148 646,643 206, 019 877 183 66,023 49, 681 87, 751 1, 453, 441 50, 242 44,939 1, 686, 054 563, 113 2,315 184 30, 248 30,966 67, 495 1, 030, 245 44, 415 48, 119 1, 221, 240 281, 315 1,533 185 84.934 25, 708 116, 041 2, 487, 586 58, 887 59, 536 2, 747, 758 863, 843 3, 697 186 34,300 26,544 77, 011 944, 485 11, 934 45, 948 1, 105, 922 282, 626 1, 423 187 29,967 19, 462 69, 018 773, 167 14, 369 26,091 902, 107 247, 526 1, 180 188 30, 119 22, 087 64,112 715, 653 5,640 27,123 834, 615 184, 403 1, 049 189 21, 376 11, 269 22, 950 591, 589 5,584 18, 170 649, 562 161, 141 832 190 30.994 37, 092 53,409 764, 033 17, 343 42, 025 913, 902 243, 347 1, 188 191 48,906 39,688 108, 074 1, 584, 967 26,645 55,468 1, 814, 842 340, 312 2,204 192 32, 313 40, 111 47, 113 575, 567 8,498 19, 028 690, 317 164, 238 887 193 45,432 22,500 60,000 975, 717 12,000 31. 437 1, 101, 654 236, 108 1, 383 194 44,390 18, 142 101, 811 1, 563, 876 25, 855 23,155 1. 732, 839 483, 545 2,261 195 510, 096 416, 615 818, 742 11, 847, 879 243, 040 698, 556 14, 024, 832 4, 010, 285 18, 545 196 23, 550 33, 519 61, 705 661, 176 13, 034 32,536 801, 970 318, 709 1, 144 197 70, 148 45, 107 113, 721 1, 797, 190 29, 930 89,799 2, 075, 747 588, 287 2,734 198 26,811 9,000 49, 167 637, 309 17,046 43, 193 755, 715 193, 069 976 199 36,664 16,124 64,354 908, 977 15, 714 43, 119 1, 048, 288 275, 361 1, 360 200 75, 219 61, 519 71, 292 1, 398, 064 57, 166 67, 702 1, 655, 743 497, 554 2,229 201 36, 776 33, 035 56, 980 582, 231 10, 020 32, 936 715, 202 247, 997 1,000 202 32,660 15, 167 34, 890 603, 401 7,397 38,254 699, 109 185, 834 918 203 28,877 20,000 16,000 362, 471 5,000 36, 519 439, 990 139, 316 608 204 40, 938 48, 465 63,934 762, 970 40,890 61, 084 977, 343 269. 148 1,287 205 23,296 36,000 76,500 781, 560 72,603 966, 663 362, 678 1, 353 206 65,900 48, 679 110, 199 2, 119, 530 36,638 81, 270 2, 396, 316 466, 701 2,929 207 49, 257 50,000 100,000 1, 233, 000 10, 205 99, 541 1, 492, 746 465, 631 2, 008 208 109,466 64,066 249, 791 2, 555, 304 60, 571 179, 001 3, 108, 733 867, 941 4,086 209 27,504 12, 950 66,006 790, 858 22, 119 34. 861 926, 794 326, 295 1, 281 210 23, 256 10,424 52, 314 550, 800 12,376 86, 667 712, 581 134, 982 871 211 58,706 40, 692 131, 471 1, 213, 646 26, 076 57, 473 ■ ■ = 1, 469, 358 406, 664 1, 935 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II.— CITIES OF 25,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui staff i tio] Men 3tional (posi- os) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 7 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Michigan . . 77 94 286 1,707 4,872 178, 659 159, 202 186 Ann Arbor. . . 2 11 69 171 5,751 5, 389 192 Battle Creek . . ... 4 12 17 96 271 10, 071 8,205 186 Bay City 7_. _ _ 1 8 18 109 208 8, 248 7, 782 183 Dearborn 7 . . . 11 12 21 264 574 21, 997 18, 628 187 Ferndale.. _ _ _ 4 2 10 55 169 6, 437 5, 388 183 Grosse Pointe . . . 4 2 11 66 200 6, 873 5,863 183 Hamtramck _ _ _ _ 3 3 6 42 117 3, 883 3, 625 183 Highland Park 7_. . . 3 1 8 95 242 6, 602 5, 971 191 Jackson7 . . . 9 8 19 89 265 10, 127 8, 615 185 Kalamazoo- . . 5 9 14 72 301 10, 909 9,087 184 Lansing . . 2 15 38 169 422 16, 602 15, 127 183 Lincoln Park _ 2 10 40 168 8, 070 6, 725 192 Muskegon 7 _ _ 2 6 17 97 280 8,933 8,189 185 5 28 112 395 13, 872 13, 849 185 Port Huron 7 _ 2 8 14 77 207 6, 464 6,114 185 Royal Oak. . . 5 10 i 13 62 295 9, 711 9, 174 184 Saginaw _ _ _ . 5 7 21 128 425 17, 643 15, 955 188 Wyandotte. . . . 8 10 65 162 6,466 5, 516 182 Minnesota.. . . .. ... 3 11 26 140 315 10, 766 9, 230 176 Rochester 7 . . . 1 5 13 62 142 4,942 4, 152 180 St. Cloud _ 1 1 8 38 75 2,537 2,216 174 Winona . . . 1 5 5 40 98 3, 287 2,862 173 Missouri _ _ 11 31 79 335 1, 504 50, 184 42, 636 180 Columbia . . . . . 1 3 9 26 100 3,294 3, 062 180 Independence. . . . . 1 5 11 31 157 6, 459 5, 369 180 Jefferson City _ _ 1 2 1 24 99 2,903 2, 514 180 Joplin7 _ _ 2 4 22 66 190 7,443 6,245 180 St. Joseph 7 . . 2 6 19 34 400 11, 647 9, 423 180 Springfield . . . 2 7 8 97 366 12, 605 10, 949 178 University City _ _ _ 2 4 9 57 192 5, 833 5, 074 186 Nebraska: Lincoln . 4 14 30 89 483 14, 660 12, 608 175 North Dakota. ... . 2 3 16 111 261 8,807 7,531 180 Fargo. _ _ _ 1 11 71 160 4, 977 4, 377 180 Grand Forks . . 1 3 5 40 101 3,830 3, 154 180 Ohio... . . 73 103 274 1, 548 4,462 161, 867 143, 845 180 Alliance.. . . . . 1 4 10 41 143 5,555 4,903 181 Barberton _ ... _ ... 2 8 12 54 121 4, 881 4, 416 181 Cleveland Heights . . 5 4 18 106 287 10, 549 8,434 178 Cuyahoga Falls ... . . 2 3 6 44 113 4, 526 4, 234 181 East Cleveland . . 3 10 41 151 4, 949 4, 581 179 Elyria.. . . . 3 5 8 50 131 5,000 4, 523 181 Euclid _ _ _ 6 5 12 88 204 7,701 7, 048 180 Hamilton . . ... .. 7 4 15 79 228 9, 147 8,033 181 Lakewood . . . 4 5 12 66 198 6,504 6,173 180 Lima . . . 7 5 4 64 201 6, 366 5,093 185 Lorain... . . . . . . 7 4 13 90 179 7,658 6, 850 181 Mansfield . . . 3 11 14 76 240 8, 045 7,151 169 Marion. _ _ _ 1 4 11 43 174 5,760 5,531 176 Massillon.. . . . 1 2 9 65 140 5,400 4, 879 180 Middletown . . . .. 1 8 11 51 161 6, 163 5, 793 186 Newark. _ _ _ 1 17 41 147 5,956 4,508 178 ee footnotes at end of group II < )f this tal ble. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $1,348, 101 $541, 085 $1, 796, 489 $27, 353, 572 $935, 228 $2, 470, 698 $33,097,072 $10, 624, 300 $45,069 49,144 88,740 63,583 162, 115 53, 432 87,316 71, 439 76,463 70, 826 79,323 82, 870 47, 882 49, 295 81, 498 70, 200 75,809 83,806 54,360 65,690 95, 595 106, 913 184, 115 61, 633 96, 506 46, 852 64,400 108,306 81, 485 187, 314 65, 805 87, 743 177, 601 76,909 78, 570 146, 086 64,966 889, 875 1,431,790 1, 342, 371 3, 727, 617 988, 031 1, 192, 847 744, 524 1, 522, 674 1, 344, 016 1, 670, 959 2, 239, 439 791, 335 1, 382, 814 2,065,826 1, 031, 141 1,469,384 2, 434, 302 1, 084, 627 27, 000 ! 68, 4811 27, 849 160,694 27, 560 59,633 51,082 83, 661 53,333 65, 722 36,066 21,842 37,803 64,459 38, 787 27, 935 55, 677 27.644 53, 189 131,858 120,887 619,802 61, 951 109, 337 48,008 135, 192 85, 097 121, 464 305, 495 44, 934 102, 053 119,975 58, 636 167, 851 160, 452 24, 517 1, 035, 754 1, 789, 582 1, 634, 778 4,788,505 1, 151, 408 1, 471, 089 909, 468 1,814,627 1,638,277 1, 999, 482 2, 822, 142 923, 916 1, 643, 513 2, 427, 861 1, 255, 461 1, 750, 040 2, 839, 415 1, 201, 754 457, 675 684,154 311, 687 1,808, 116 321,651 501, 091 j 364,851 591,368 555, 815 572,179 1, 025, 623 256, 108 492, 364 809, 337 393, 354 426,171 725, 150 327, 606 1,543 2, 562 2, 010 6, 759 1,526 2,059 1,346 2,482 2, 265 2, 651 3, 931 1,228 2, 185 3,319 1, 719 2, 252 3,648 1,584 61,858 36,758 96, 277 12, 233 12, 766 19,002 8,700 47, 525 59, 852 53, 828 33, 100 49, 988 6,300 42, 898 - - 96,535 63, 147 153, 306 1, 802, 065 50,164 166,636 2,235,318 716, 231 3,048 47, 786 24, 513 24,236 32, 147 6,000 25,000 84,653 40,020 28,633 881, 912 421, 952 498, 201 25, 717 13,302 11, 145 66, 037 50,551 50,048 1, 090,466 531, 825 613,027 347,097 198,408 170, 726 1, 485 755 808 239, 725 142, 803 331, 738 5, 701, 973 99, 967 472, 582 6, 749, 063 1, 810, 488 8,799 21, 189 19,948 25,650 29, 125 54,016 39, 756 50,041 10,000 23, 199 11, 072 15, 131 21, 126 35,000 27, 275 32,000 54,649 6,113 82, 441 75, 739 32. 236 48,560 324, 545 547, 752 375, 333 736, 482 1, 260, 704 1, 528, 764 928,393 5,000 8,728 7,949 13, 144 14, 322 27, 102 23, 722 17,800 51, 255 30,684 70, 046 82,999 121, 784 98, 014 389, 345 685,583 431, 151 917, 244 1, 454, 890 1, 744. 886 1, 125, 964 105.542 205, 726 131, 459 277, 253 400, 610 400, 021 289,877 516 911 588 1,224 1,910 2, 185 1,466 88,009 69, 191 164,038 1,915,873 71, 619 161,936 2,382, 657 787, 661 3,258 28,573 13.000 75, 789 1, 267, 328 23, 317 79,444 1, 458, 878 421,029 1,908 12, 041 16, 532 50,789 25,000 785, 629 481, 699 19,317 4,000 50,621 28,823 906,356 552, 522 278,800 142,229 1, 197 711 13,000 1,149,206 486,684 1,456, 034 22, 641, 557 513, 459 1,526,856 26, 624, 590 9, 542, 775 37, 317 26, 101 28.284 136, 925 41, 273 29,793 41, 647 85, 413 56,416 66,532 42,457 38. 284 36,485 29, 230 49,420 33, 307 22,257 14, 891 36,629 22,000 14,687 47, 570 55, 472 134, 314 40, 373 60. 605 45,600 57, 933 91, 620 68, 689 22, 515 65. 258 66, 671 44,096 45,000 59, 252 80,993 605, 715 581,381 1, 716, 442 596, 420 812, 939 691, 563 1, 201, 439 1, 230, 921 1 1.154,843 939,271 964,863 1, 100, 693 657, 193 774, 134 864, 179 592, 353 7,730 13, 716 71, 321 11, 997 32, 383 8, 875 26,662 24,226 48, 205 13. 599 21,996 16, 510 9,658 13, 338 8,254 12.599 47, 493 57, 217 | 132, 277 33^ 208 58, 736 64.660 95,027 116,878 40, 702 81,855 44,622 40,565 80, 748 41, 130 30,750 723, 399 744,415 2, 076, 354 699,346 939, 135 825, 824 1,375, 694 1, 463, 144 1,423,038 1, 043, 317 1, 153, 227 1, 267, 383 766, 629 923, 020 1, 007, 808 716, 695 171,845 262, 856 973, 243 283, 246 427, 285 192, 887 555,606 464, 293 697, 496 326,938 322, 711 338,967 219, 551 321, 698 257,704 230,153 921 1,036 3. 187 1, 024 1,396 1,060 2, 017 1,984 2. 187 1,413 1, 514 1,643 1, 015 1,294 1,299 969 21,050 25,000 21,350 34, 423 27,230 19, 255 38, 887 15, 117 9,800 34,993 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 ' 245 > 246 ■I '247 248 249 250 >251 ' 252 : 253 >254 1255 ’256 :257 '258 1259 :260 1261 > 262 > 263 I 264 1265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP II— CITIES OF 25,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ohio— Continued 2 7 47 103 3,386 6,090 3, 244 5, 079 188 Parma _ _ 4 4 ' 7 41 126 176 Portsmouth. . . 1 2 2 67 167 6, 338 5, 635 3,663 179 Sandusky _ _ _ 2 1 9 47 115 3,946 5,111 175 Shaker Heights (P. 0. Cleve- 3 1 9 57 178 4,485 177 land) . Springfield _ _ 2 10 26 110 333 13, 142 11, 329 184 Steubenville . . . 2 5 9 40 165 4, 589 4, 386 177 Warren _ _ 2 5 18 78 275 8, 370 7, 651 176 Zanesville. _ _ 1 3 5 62 182 6, 735 6, 223 184 South Dakota _ 3 8 29 100 429 14, 415 12, 466 176 Rapid City _ 1 5 12 35 140 5,546 4, 511 174 Sioux Falls. . . 2 3 17 65 289 8,869 7, 955 179 Wisconsin _ 44 83 185 1, 138 3,039 105, 264 91,890 181 Appleton _ 2 9 6 56 146 5, 800 6, 657 5, 095 174 Beloit. . . . . 2 4 15 82 158 5, 531 190 Eau Claire _ _ _ 2 4 7 67 150 5,646 4, 633 180 Fond du Lac _ .. _ _ 1 4 9 54 125 3,902 3,761 180 Green Bay _ _ _ _ 1 8 15 67 208 7,599 5, 823 178 Kenosha.. _ _ _ 7 3 16 71 255 9,035 7, 724 176 La Crosse - ... _ _ 4 6 14 69 239 6, 347 5, 835 189 Madison _ . 6 9 22 102 398 12, 781 10, 228 178 Manitowoc . . . . 4 1 7 55 99 4, 146 3,704 184 Oshkosh 8 . . . . 1 7 8 60 175 5,430 5, 106 180 Racine _ _ 4 7 14 103 266 9,205 8, 743 183 Sheboygan _ ... 2 2 10 99 177 6, 643 6, 003 184 Superior . . . 3 5 10 66 153 5, 546 5, 267 4, 637 177 Wausau _ _ ... _ 1 6 10 55 142 4,598 177 Wauwatosa _ 2 3 10 62 154 5,503 5, 056 183 West Allis . . . 2 5 12 70 194 5,757 5, 413 179 SOUTH . . . . 138 255 922 2,801 15, 623 536, 871 464, 965 178 Alabama.. . 5 7 44 124 806 31, 024 26, 723 176 Anniston... . . 1 2 10 22 181 6,643 5, 498 176 Bessemer _ _ _ _ _ 1 7 31 150 6,033 10, 798 5, 028 9, 541 179 Gadsden _ _ 2 3 15 36 278 176 Tuscaloosa _ _ _ 1 2 12 35 197 7, 550 6, 656 175 Arkansas . . . 6 12 42 117 761 29, 450 25, 262 174 Fort Smith. . . . 2 2 10 38 240 9, 191 7, 786 174 Hot Springs _ _ 1 2 12 26 154 5,632 4,765 177 North Little Rock _ 2 5 11 29 209 8, 357 6,996 173 Pine BlufL _ 1 3 9 24 158 6,270 5, 715 175 Georgia. . . . 3 7 14 42 440 16, 762 13, 586 180 Athens.. _ _ _ 1 5 7 12 139 4,893 4,115 180 La Grange . . 1 1 3 13 161 5, 693 4, 566 180 Rome . . . 1 1 4 17 140 6, 176 4, 905 180 ee footnotes at end of group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four* ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and Wages Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $32,294 $39, 580 $800, 800 $4,863 $27, 689 $872, 932 $278, 244 $1, 183 56,841 $20, 373 36, 439 550, 448 24, 040 51, 578 682, 878 323, 316 1, 063 25,535 8,884 10,307 756, 943 5,572 41, 109 822, 815 218, 283 1, 067 32, 228 4,396 43, 665 552, 620 6,591 27, 198 634, 470 212, 993 880 57, 191 6,000 59,206 1, 121, 367 53, 591 114, 472 1, 354, 636 708, 014 2,120 55, 807 61, 117 132, 879 1, 541, 121 8,543 90,836 1, 834, 496 541, 603 2,432 26, 376 20, 501 39, 108 743, 227 10, 682 47, 662 861, 180 229, 397 1, 117 68,253 19, 475 89, 300 1, 302, 096 46, 287 69, 230 1, 526, 388 626, 397 2,221 30, 857 10, 626 19, 589 788, 586 12, 221 55, 345 886, 367 358, 049 1, 275 81, 209 29,190 115, 699 1, 639, 091 10, 656 126, 668 1, 921, 304 488, 129 2,491 33,155 17, 070 43, 597 517, 900 4,657 46, 659 629, 883 180, 693 844 48,054 12, 120 72, 102 1, 121, 191 5,999 80, 009 1, 291, 421 307, 436 1, 647 772, 222 432, 313 996,347 16, 346, 600 477, 551 1, 007, 820 19, 260, 631 6, 321, 281 26,354 34, 988 33,888 31, 773 734, 517 22, 569 65, 719 888, 466 257, 872 1, 181 40, 348 22, 677 75, 139 940, 032 29, 850 63, 684 1, 131, 382 307, 618 1, 479 33, 404 20, 434 44, 171 791, 570 13, 398 50, 445 920, 018 457, 012 1, 410 20, 876 26, 992 45, 062 653, 388 13, 239 35, 875 774, 556 222, 595 1, 018 65, 154 48, 647 81, 975 1, 078, 364 37, 824 67, 696 1, 314, 506 495, 424 1, 875 81, 655 18, 406 91, 139 1, 407, 033 43, 965 86, 082 1, 646, 625 545, 728 2, 274 40, 613 26, 893 69, 475 953, 201 9, 366 57, 738 1, 116, 673 410, 162 1, 567 105, 298 47, 441 124,460 2, 241, 163 83, 716 100,964 2, 597, 744 838, 987 3,542 40, 207 6, 170 36, 586 614,888 16, 030 64,739 738, 413 256, 124 1, 035 24,487 24,747 29, 216 821, 139 22, 847 58, 906 956, 855 374, 897 1, 356 67, 486 33, 459 80, 977 1, 534, 691 44, 343 111, 062 1, 804, 532 522, 459 2, 394 33,883 11, 803 52,961 1, 007, 171 35,889 63,808 1, 171, 632 322, 847 1, 528 32, 154 26,275 51,200 790, 964 15, 919 45, 479 929, 837 364, 558 1, 327 41, 413 37,400 56,200 645, 777 12, 621 40, 124 792, 122 235, 504 1, 069 54, 712 17,007 55,633 935, 317 39, 740 46, 132 1, 093, 829 299, 408 1,448 55,544 30, 074 70, 380 1, 197, 385 36,235 49, 367 1, 383, 441 410, 086 1,849 2,652,635 1, 175, 774 4, 115, 842 57, 059, 504 1, 025, 927 2, 415, 066 65, 792, 113 14, 481, 798 82, 927 93, 327 25,257 172, 350 2, 473, 669 33, 865 65,039 2, 770, 180 628, 274 3,492 18, 019 6,250 36,382 541, 111 4,301 28, 919 616,963 127, 667 763 20, 340 32,446 513, 984 9, 092 3,756 559, 278 100, 046 680 33,043 10, 475 58,555 830, 659 3,900 13, 382 916, 971 240, 196 1, 190 21, 925 8,532 44,967 587, 915 16, 572 18, 982 676, 968 160, 365 859 111, 205 44,007 144, 741 2, 117, 924 56, 932 106, 584 2, 470, 188 488,446 3, 070 34,592 9, 050 39, 426 739, 802 30,466 53, 664 872, 408 173, 561 1,081 24,112 5,000 32,684 426, 541 6,582 9, 076 479, 883 90, 678 595 28,675 18, 957 36,406 532, 658 13, 177 33, 354 634, 552 136, 894 800 23,826 11,000 36, 225 418, 923 6,707 10, 490 483, 345 87, 313 594 54, 632 27,193 56, 494 1, 339, 548 28,128 1, 451, 363 361, 253 1,867 24,113 20, 208 30, 819 433, 569 23, 161 507, 757 107, 241 639 18, 739 3, 375 10, 475 482, 667 1,267 497, 784 161, 728 678 11,780 3, 610 15,200 423, 312 3,700 445, 822 92,284 550 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP II.— CITIES OF 25,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Num- City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super • intend- ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 310 Kentucky... . 13 19 76 174 1,093 34, 338 29, 372 181 311 Ashland 7 . . . . . 2 1 14 23 198 6, 216 5,195 175 312 Covington _ _ _ 2 8 15 52 224 7,539 6,158 192 313 Lexington. . . . 2 2 15 29 223 6, 807 5, 863 178 314 Newport . . . 1 3 12 15 117 3, 416 3, 012 192 315 Owensboro. _. _ _ 2 3 10 29 164 5,063 4, 285 175 316 Paducah _ .. _ .. .. 4 2 10 26 167 5, 297 4, 859 178 317 Louisiana . 2 3 18 61 249 9,143 8,148 180 318 Lake Charles. . . 1 2 9 25 110 4,105 3,732 180 319 Monroe . . . . .. 1 1 9 36 139 5, 038 4,416 180 320 Mississippi _ _ .. _ 14 15 97 214 1,257 50, 549 43,000 180 321 Biloxi.. _ _ . _ _ 2 10 19 95 3, 505 6, 957 5,191 3, 288 5,181 4, 382 178 180 184 322 Greenville _ . 1 10 19 135 323 Hattiesburg _ _ _ 2 4 11 15 144 324 Jackson... . . . . . .. 2 9 30 72 371 16, 376 13,104 180 325 Laurel _ . . . 1 1 9 20 131 5,231 5, 633 180 326 Meridian7 _ ... _ . 5 1 21 ii 56 “ 276 n 9, 509 8,048 180 327 Vicksburg _ ... ... . .. 1 6 13 105 3,780 3, 364 180 328 North Carolina _ 13 27 134 385 2,288 77, 475 68,104 180 329 Asheville . . . . 2 7 16 41 232 8,263 6,534 180 330 Durham _ ... . . . 2 5 20 63 338 11,521 9,860 180 331 Fayetteville. _ . . . 1 1 10 27 150 5,691 5,154 180 332 Greensboro _ _ . 2 3 25 71 413 13, 444 11,981 180 333 High Point _ _ _ 1 2 13 29 251 7, 962 7,045 180 334 Raleigh.. .. .. _ 2 5 16 52 299 10, 216 9,096 180 325 Rocky Mount _ 1 12 21 147 5, 209 4, 807 13, 627 180 336 Winston-Salem _ 2 4 22 81 458 15, 169 180 337 Oklahoma _ 5 20 60 157 691 28,877 22, 118 177 338 Enid _ _ 1 14 19 42 181 7,040 5, 470 177 339 Lawton . . 1 1 15 29 206 9, 071 6,507 180 340 Muskogee . . . . 2 4 18 67 207 9,071 7,200 177 341 Norman. . . . . . 1 1 8 19 97 3, 695 2, 941 178 342 South Carolina _ 13 13 54 228 1,181 39, 974 35,086 180 343 Charleston... _ _ 3 2 19 77 315 11,750 10, 323 180 344 Columbia _ _ _ 5 4 19 99 572 18, 953 16, 626 180 345 Spartanburg . . . 5 7 16 52 294 9, 271 8,137 180 346 Tennessee _ _ _ 10 7 32 101 553 17, 756 15, 473 175 347 Jackson . . 1 1 8 32 148 5, 513 4, 735 180 348 Johnson City . 7 2 12 28 149 4, 861 4,416 174 349 Oak Ridge _ _ 2 4 12 41 256 7,382 6, 322 177 350 Texas _ _ 42 66 234 840 4,152 133, 020 117, 096 177 351 Abilene _ ... 1 4 17 65 248 8, 203 7,628 176 252 353 Amarillo _ _ ... Beaumont: Independent School 3 7 24 117 450 13, 942 12, 992 175 District . . 5 7 23 78 384 10, 377 8, 810 175 354 South Park District .. 2 2 6 41 173 5,161 4, 789 7, 091 175 355 Brownsville _ _ 1 5 18 37 217 8, 066 175 356 Galveston . . . . 6 5 16 54 302 9, 554 7, 892 180 See footnotes at end of group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total * six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and Wages Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $191, 494 $74, 802 $321, 544 $3,906,988 $44, 185 $123, 208 $4, 470, 727 $953, 323 $5, 616 310 33, 446 3,600 56,220 565, 724 8, 020 18,640 652, 204 111, 361 797 311 40, 468 30, 205 66, 583 946, 250 9,235 30, 956 1, 083, 229 266, 296 1,390 312 39, 868 10,000 76, 691 977, 970 13, 091 32, 121 1, 109, 873 184, 464 1, 334 313 24, 974 11, 937 48,000 394, 123 3,625 8, 767 466, 452 120, 652 612 314 26, 050 13, 060 42, 281 497, 517 6, 930 17, 953 577, 741 114, 576 718 315 26, 688 6,000 31, 769 525, 404 3, 284 14, 771 581, 228 155, 974 764 316 37, 996 14, 862 98, 595 957, 062 6,500 28, 696 1, 105, 715 499, 491 1,643 317 20,765 9, 912 53, 595 450, 734 2,500 6, 568 523,309 245, 516 790 318 17, 231 4,950 45,000 506, 328 4,000 22,128 582, 406 253, 975 854 319 167, 599 67,288 328, 740 3,557,887 83, 749 297, 438 4, 335, 102 902,845 5, 406 320 17,000 36, 050 249, 446 5,000 19,800 310, 296 80,700 408 321 19, 497 29; 921 382; 542 9, 687 28, 977 451, 127 96, 732 567 322 20,661 10,800 36, 151 343,280 7,039 19, 926 417, 196 91, 203 529 323 46, 894 50,538 111,048 1, 286, 511 39, 715 61, 146 1, 548, 958 335, 677 1,932 324 17,944 2, 550 32, 281 321, 631 2, 667 19, 275 378, 404 67, 214 464 325 30, 530 3,400 66, 320 748, 207 17, 180 137, 180 972, 287 200, 121 1,203 326 15, 073 16, 969 226, 270 2,461 11, 134 256, 834 31, 198 303 327 275, 442 124, 839 692, 586 9, 315, 131 105, 265 241, 791 10, 479, 612 2,303,978 13,059 328 23, 136 23, 806 60, 728 743, 777 9,118 16, 735 854, 164 198, 125 1, 075 329 45, 873 15, 395 114, 957 1, 536, 705 15,090 39, 449 1, 721, 596 490, 932 2, 258 330 21, 212 4, 278 51, 125 619, 369 3, 453 18, 538 696, 763 93, 755 812 331 43, 605 15, 201 132, 249 1, 686, 691 40, 486 43, 216 1, 917, 843 422, 819 2, 384 332 30, 215 12, 887 68,966 973, 574 4, 363 15, 157 1, 074, 947 202, 849 1,308 333 46, 407 27, 809 85, 107 1, 228, 154 5, 368 35, 068 1, 381, 506 319, 223 1,747 334 16, 878 56, 553 610, 498 3,408 20, 787 691, 246 101, 980 810 335 48, 116 25,463 122, 901 1, 916, 363 23,979 52, 841 2, 141, 547 474, 295 2,664 336 122, 472 104, 723 232, 708 2, 602, 705 32, 505 87, 103 3, 059, 744 709, 876 3,892 337 29,538 68, 969 75, 229 658, 948 8, 570 32, 393 844, 109 195, 978 1, 070 338 33, 308 3,780 58, 128 743, 399 3,588 31, 326 840, 221 197, 103 1,071 339 37,938 27, 774 66, 451 859, 391 18, 847 19, 462 991, 925 216, 869 1, 247 340 21,688 4,200 32,900 340, 967 1,500 3, 922 383, 489 99, 926 505 341 178, 857 62, 514 244, 161 4, 296, 991 75, 772 174, 789 4, 854, 227 977, 859 6, 011 342 41, 990 8, 166 68,498 1, 255, 565 24,665 72, 198 1,429, 092 234, 569 1,706 343 99, 300 26, 900 98, 040 2, 046, 240 34, 800 47, 050 2, 253, 030 495, 456 2,848 344 37, 567 27,448 77, 623 995, 186 16, 307 55, 541 1, 172, 105 247, 834 1,458 345 109, 586 32, 176 151, 680 2, 132, 852 75, 901 136, 894 2, 529, 503 511, 499 3, 151 346 16, 185 3,816 34, 120 452, 621 6,883 15, 483 512, 923 81,408 611 347 20, 330 10,000 50,000 526, 040 4, 811 17, 597 608, 448 78, 981 708 348 73, 071 18, 360 67,560 1, 154, 191 64,207 103, 814 1, 408, 132 351, 110 1,832 349 1,070,311 333,644 1, 146, 816 16,717,996 288, 685 743, 581 19, 230, 722 4,037, 134 24, 338 350 34,305 21, 252 84, 118 1, 096, 977 14, 969 40,236 1, 257, 552 218, 161 1, 510 351 136, 264 39, 726 140, 725 2, 043, 523 42, 253 74, 267 2, 340, 494 452, 825 2,930 352 102, 550 38, 119 123, 765 1, 672, 197 9,763 88,974 1, 932,818 312, 893 2,348 353 76, 290 11,000 30,000 820, 451 18, 183 879, 634 286,818 1,243 354 56,893 16, 070 58, 436 730, 643 23, 657 828, 806 186, 850 1,073 355 79, 287 24, 794 72, 716 1, 111, 744 27, 496 35, 069 1, 271, 819 252, 760 1,604 356 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II— CITIES OF 25,000 Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 357 Texas— Continued Laredo _ _ .. - 4 4 10 43 263 9,396 7,748 178 358 Lubbock... . . 2 9 27 110 404 15, 653 12,176 175 359 Port Arthur _ ... _ 5 3 11 69 312 11, 329 10, 054 175 360 San Angelo . . . . 2 6 16 57 278 6, 412 6,017 175 361 Temple . . . 3 2 13 19 110 4,202 6, 890 3, 870 175 362 Tyler _ 3 2 12 47 222 6,510 192 363 Waco. . ... .. . . _ -. 4 7 27 55 489 13, 684 11, 962 175 364 Wichita Falls _ _ 1 3 14 48 300 10, 151 9, 557 175 365 Virginia _ 12 59 117 358 2,152 68, 503 60, 997 181 366 Alexandria _ _ . . . . 1 7 15 22 290 7,935 7,557 180 367 Charlottesville - . . . 1 3 5 22 118 3, 619 3, 389 180 368 Danville _ _ _ _ ... 2 5 15 62 242 7,687 6, 982 180 369 Lynchburg.. . . . 2 8 13 40 253 8, 275 7, 336 180 370 Newport News _ . 2 7 15 55 224 8, 188 7, 059 180 371 Petersburg. . . . . 1 8 11 46 166 6,292 5, 322 180 372 Portsmouth.. . . 2 9 15 31 345 12, 663 10, 711 184 373 Roanoke. _ _ 1 12 28 80 514 13, 844 12, 641 180 374 WEST _ _ 174 286 851 5, 024 13, 346 562, 992 486, 891 176 375 376 Arizona: Tucson . . . 5 7 33 196 535 22, 098 17, 776 174 377 California . 110 177 483 3, 144 7, 888 336, 800 296, 729 175 378 Alameda. . . . . 2 6 15 69 255 10, 519 9, 516 176 379 Alhambra _ _ _ .. 3 8 12 135 281 11, 095 9,753 176 380 Bakersfield: Elementary District _ 6 8 22 47 408 14, 735 13, 532 175 381 Beverly Hills - - 2 4 7 43 117 3, 584 3, 448 175 382 Burbank _ _ .. .. 4 11 26 119 381 14,742 14, 514 177 383 Compton: Elementary District _ 4 8 14 30 249 12, 448 10, 064 175 384 High School District 8 _ 6 4 13 124 134 10, 434 9, 445 175 385 Fresno 7 _ 6 8 35 216 703 26, 733 23, 253 175 386 Glendale7 _ _ 3 7 37 218 458 17, 842 17, 685 177 387 Inglewood: Elementary District 6 1 10 41 168 5, 611 5, 475 171 388 High School District. ... 5 1 10 94 87 5,506 4, 565 172 389 Lynwood... _ ... _ 3 6 9 65 140 6,986 5, 717 174 390 Palo Alto _ 1 4 16 62 179 7, 263 6, 099 174 391 Pomona . . . 4 9 9 75 152 6,682 6,366 177 392 Redondo Beach: Elementary District _ 2 6 30 114 4,795 2,322 6, 462 4, 652 2,160 6,203 175 393 High School District.. ._ 2 2 54 50 177 394 Redwood City: Elementary District _ 6 6 10 25 165 174 395 High School District... . 1 1 2 74 70 3, 850 3, 574 173 396 Richmond _ _ 3 19 29 336 704 28, 603 27, 834 179 397 Riverside . . .. 4 2 17 103 248 12, 174 10, 087 176 398 San Bernardino _ 3 8 28 173 448 21, 165 17, 657 173 399 San Jose 7 _ 6 7 27 184 422 16, 052 13, 166 178 400 San Leandro _ _ _ 2 6 8 22 124 4,666 4, 361 175 401 San Mateo: Elementary District _ 3 6 14 34 195 7,262 5,971 177 402 Santa Ana 7 _ _ 8 3 22 96 235 10, 235 7,511 174 403 Santa Barbara 7 _ 3 4 18 103 211 7,508 7, 094 175 404 Santa Monica 7_ . . 6 4 22 146 239 12, 686 11, 362 182 405 Stockton 7 - - - 3 21 28 304 557 12 27, 308 21, 846 173 406 Vallejo 7 - - - - - 3 5 15 122 394 17,532 13, 820 175 See footnotes at end of group II of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $84, 122 $16, 160 $45, 338 $872, 662 $62,000 $23, 166 $1, 019, 326 $141, 393 $1,245 100, 957 45,000 133,822 1, 670, 919 17, 409 101, 624 1, 968, 774 327, 123 2, 397 94, 918 18, 356 62, 674 1, 493, 582 37, 705 61, 839 1, 674, 156 558, 640 2, 328 52, 276 24, 402 71, 427 1, 030, 629 10, 499 35, 632 1, 172, 589 181, 673 1, 407 39, 040 9, 560 58, 923 457, 223 5, 816 16,700 548, 222 184, 920 772 39, 547 12, 397 64, 468 871, 148 22, 928 66, 514 1, 037, 455 208, 777 1, 286 101, 006 40, 473 126, 826 1, 686, 632 24, 953 103, 801 1, 982, 685 342, 046 2, 426 72, 856 16, 335 73, 578 1, 159, 666 12, 894 53, 919 1, 316, 392 382, 255 1, 772 239, 714 264,469 525, 427 7, 640, 751 222, 568 381, 815 9, 035, 030 2, 107, 820 11, 383 41, 857 30, 400 76, 598 1, 262, 923 49, 547 22, 248 1, 441, 716 296, 379 1,780 13, 008 11, 500 21, 080 353, 515 7, 786 17, 959 411, 840 73, 168 498 29, 871 20, 675 61, 536 799, 167 16, 734 36, 557 934, 669 181, 752 1, 146 28, 012 29, 168 55, 944 849, 230 20, 123 33, 057 987, 522 240, 606 1, 256 23, 217 36, 412 66, 811 831, 675 22, 836 48, 755 1, 006, 489 208, 199 1,238 23, 852 38, 075 45, 251 582, 593 17, 940 33, 739 717, 598 167, 243 909 30,684 37, 470 73, 668 1, 093, 356 25, 214 66, 046 1, 295, 754 308, 094 1, 635 49, 213 60, 769 124, 539 1, 868, 292 62, 388 123, 454 2, 239, 442 632, 379 2,921 4, 012, 249 1, 557, 507 5, 231, 708 74, 352, 968 3, 251, 012 5, 470, 672 89, 863, 867 26, 334, 875 120, 211 103, 699 37, 681 179, 729 2, 882, 089 89,835 194, 923 3, 384, 257 818, 731 4, 307 2, 799, 414 1, 021, 330 3, 325, 354 48, 029, 864 2, 584, 843 3, 678, 200 58, 639, 591 16, 765, 668 78, 205 98, 301 36, 000 97, 800 1, 494, 428 43, 623 99, 924 1, 771, 775 582, 627 2, 453 146, 005 51, 895 105, 843 1, 862, 364 137, 116 75, 927 2, 233, 145 602, 879 2, 982 99, 674 45, 940 121, 140 1, 781, 992 77, 894 101, 662 2, 128, 628 611, 608 2,840 50, 410 20, 425 43, 817 802, 186 33, 149 86, 486 986, 063 322, 049 1,359 124, 152 57, 365 225, 575 2, 095, 382 130, 070 282, 308 2, 790, 700 749, 633 3,664 87, 893 51, 442 90, 411 1, 108, 392 48, 522 80, 056 1, 378, 823 395, 245 1, 862 70, 902 22, 622 87, 750 1, 043, 925 68, 200 82, 551 1, 305, 048 358, 876 1,735 154, 297 40, 380 192, 500 3, 696, 907 173, 185 207, 234 4, 310, 206 1, 237, 972 5, 702 200, 498 42,000 232, 570 3, 062, 911 138, 282 195, 928 3, 671, 691 902, 819 4,775 90, 899 7,210 84, 940 774, 489 33, 482 40, 559 940, 680 220, 709 1, 252 94, 110 8,200 60,000 913, 208 81, 657 76, 901 1, 139, 966 408, 195 1,642 55, 620 41, 000 60, 000 943, 225 69, 975 120, 000 1, 234, 200 331, 579 1,621 53, 343 23, 506 96, 493 1, 036, 389 73, 898 94, 174 1, 324, 460 366, 685 1, 744 23, 575 46,600 62,200 815, 661 42,364 44,556 1, 011, 381 140, 166 1, 175 34, 580 36, 946 514, 486 16, 719 40,098 608, 249 162, 318 805 40, 792 15,000 490, 168 23, 656 41, 823 570, 647 235, 507 847 40,628 32, 220 57, 890 777, 418 24, 245 79, 119 970, 892 192, 890 1, 204 30, 755 6, 940 13, 000 764, 091 47, 121 95, 717 926, 869 297, 238 1, 255 220, 962 114, 196 198, 700 5, 201, 245 177, 930 271, 831 5, 963, 902 1, 550, 827 7, 736 62, 522 9, 450 100, 000 1, 644, 152 116, 648 1, 870, 250 475, 445 2,408 155, 104 61, 609 214, 870 2, 744, 295 182, 403 211, 576 3, 414, 753 952, 203 4, 522 157, 872 47, 873 242, 540 2, 748, 893 228, 769 365, 614 3, 633, 689 1, 299, 327 5,091 56, 561 32, 425 69,983 498, 545 19, 337 38, 853 659, 143 182, 137 898 27, 513 24, 035 84,490 868, 954 22, 827 68, 073 1, 068, 379 262, 567 1, 358 73, 192 17, 964 148, 421 1, 297, 216 86, 684 122, 209 1, 672, 494 539, 554 2, 285 70, 265 27, 780 118, 202 1, 340, 318 64, 512 81, 561 1, 632, 373 530, 359 2.233 165, 171 27, 119 144, 235 2, 108, 976 147, 091 184, 362 2, 611, 783 704, 243 3, 481 174, 817 92, 869 195, 607 3, 481, 361 286, 120 208, 424 4, 264, 381 1, 359, 331 5,799 139, 001 32, 265 124, 431 2, 118, 287 106, 012 164, 026 2, 545, 021 790,680 3, 475 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP II.— CITIES OF 25,000 City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru staff 1 tio: Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught1 2 3 4 5 * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 407 Colorado . .. 8 11 39 177 611 23, 694 21, 888 178 408 Colorado Springs _ _ 2 8 18 87 234 9, 387 8, 826 180 409 Pueblo - - 6 3 21 90 377 14, 307 13, 062 176 410 Idaho _ _ 7 12 30 118 444 19, 440 16, 493 176 411 Boise..- _ 4 11 18 76 271 11, 470 9,587 178 412 Pocatello _ - -.- 3 1 12 42 173 7, 970 6,906 173 413 Montana . . . 9 2 42 162 579 20, 460 18, 264 180 414 Billings _ _ _ - 2 2 10 51 191 7, 260 6,639 180 415 Butte _ _ -. -- 1 19 58 165 5, 574 5, 046 180 416 Great Falls _ 6 13 53 223 7,626 6, 579 180 417 Nevada: 418 Reno— . . - - 3 3 11 62 152 6,561 5, 056 178 419 New Mexico _ 5 20 61 297 983 40,900 34, 482 180 420 Albuquerque _ 3 11 42 206 692 29, 404 24, 862 180 421 Roswell- . . - 1 1 9 43 159 5,980 4, 683 180 422 Santa Fe _ _ 1 8 10 48 132 5, 516 4,937 180 423 Oregon _ 6 17 33 160 486 16, 848 14, 498 181 424 Eugene . . . 4 5 19 82 216 7, 662 7,068 182 425 Salem. . . . . -- 2 12 14 78 270 9, 186 7,430 176 426 Utah.. . . 5 7 32 192 384 19, 109 17, 125 174 427 Ogden _ _ _ 3 5 22 116 280 13, 396 11, 782 174 428 Provo. . — . . 2 2 10 76 104 5,713 5, 343 175 429 WASHINGTON— . - - - 13 27 72 462 1,086 49, 167 38, 016 180 430 Bellingham..- . . ... 2 1 11 68 145 6,967 5, 723 180 431 Bremerton . . . 3 6 17 50 240 9, 077 8,084 180 432 Everett 7 _ _ 2 6 15 120 234 11, 391 7,962 180 433 Vancouver 7 . . . 4 9 15 126 252 11, 588 8, 782 180 434 Yakima 7 _ _ _ _ 2 5 14 98 215 10, 144 7, 465 180 435 Wyoming: 436 Cheyenne _ _ _ 3 3 15 54 198 7, 915 6,564 174 1 Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided that half or more than half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. 2 The actual number of days in the school year that children were provided classroom instruction. 3 Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where textbooks or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any furnished to pupils gratis is classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of school plant; (2) maintenance of school plant; (3) auxiliary school services; and (4) fixed charges. 5 Rounded total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17. Sum of parts may not necessarily agree with totals. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 8 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $146, 696 $53, 669 $240, 134 $2, 599, 348 $128, 697 $213, 153 $3, 235, 001 $1, 165, 576 $4, 547 < 59, 672 87, 024 42, 081 11, 588 135, 934 104, 200 1, 095, 444 1, 503, 904 78, 165 50, 532 105, 832 107, 321 1, 457, 456 1, 777, 545 500, 836 664, 740 2, 018 - 2, 529 ' 98, 637 55, 010 128, 241 1, 604, 184 19, 935 98, 008 1, 905, 378 811, 689 2, 816 - 64, 648 33, 989 48, 310 6,700 79, 434 48, 807 1, 020, 210 583, 974 17, 812 2, 123 74, 178 23, 830 1, 239, 944 665, 434 467, 782 343, 907 1, 772 - 1, 043 - 168, 732 10, 400 208, 199 2, 801, 157 42, 813 142, 002 3, 204, 571 954, 061 4, 327 ■ 32, 080 35, 958 100, 694 10,400 64, 073 79, 126 65, 000 899, 493 874, 248 1, 027, 416 15, 487 5, 000 23, 326 58, 635 52, 240 31, 127 1, 048, 088 1,010, 614 1, 145, 869 307, 514 268, 495 378, 052 1, 388 ■ 1, 315 . 1, 625 42, 073 14, 856 58, 024 800, 663 12, 385 89, 377 975, 305 348, 590 1,366 166, 538 92, 520 306, 950 4, 567, 543 68, 172 196, 292 5, 231, 477 903, 835 6, 302 101, 100 31,019 34, 419 49, 590 4,800 38, 130 222, 920 45, 900 38, 130 3, 237, 606 657, 340 672, 597 49, 406 6,766 12, 000 133, 890 25, 074 37, 328 3, 693, 412 739, 880 798, 185 668, 369 108, 975 126, 491 4,463 880 959 130, 968 77, 123 192, 659 2, 481, 873 67, 674 200, 253 3, 019, 582 943, 351 4,094 73, 247 57, 721 24, 855 52, 268 102, 659 90, 000 1, 213, 767 1, 268, 106 34, 212 33, 462 117, 092 83, 161 1, 492, 585 1, 526, 997 473, 026 470,325 2,039 2,055 83, 325 32, 555 154, 140 2,025,363 35, 093 103, 972 2, 351, 123 689, 948 3, 124 61, 677 21, 648 23, 855 8,700 106, 895 47, 245 1, 410, 700 614, 663 19, 996 15, 097 76, 258 27, 714 1, 637, 704 713, 419 449, 213 240, 735 2, 149 976 232, 475 147, 916 377, 917 5, 790, 640 175, 911 465, 763 6, 958, 147 2, 671, 700 9,862 33, 455 55, 413 44, 271 66, 122 33, 214 5,000 30, 007 30, 742 51, 260 30, 907 58, 430 91, 432 72, 293 83, 089 72, 673 748, 576 1, 147, 462 1, 250, 736 1, 460, 300 1, 183, 566 15, 242 27, 726 31, 190 75, 715 26, 038 73 35, 958 66, 322 i 97, 910 185, 176 ; 80, 397 863, 206 1, 362, 949 1, 482, 871 1, 855, 540 1, 393, 581 249, 052 587, 527 619, 472 746, 745 468, 904 1. 146 2,006 2.147 2,668 1,896 39, 692 14, 447 60, 361 770, 244 25, 654 88, 729 959, 435 i 261, 726 1.261 407 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 436 6 Elementary school system, only. Tuition paid by town for high-school education for its pupils to private high school in Norwich, Conn. 7 Includes data on junior college. 8 Data are for 1949-50. No report received for 1951-52. 0 Number of pupils in average daily attendance computed at 80 percent of enrollment. No A. D. A. figures furnished by report. 10 Elementary supervisor also handles adult education. 11 Same teaching personnel used in part-time education as in full-time day schools. Secondary enrollment figure includes junior college, part-time, and veteran enrollment. 12 Enrollment not given. Computed on basis of previous reports. 13 Estimated for amounts of library and textbook expenditure on basis of previous reports. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional Staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ 1, 199 1, 366 4, 070 21,917 64, 845 2,418, 759 2, 111,884 178 NORTHEAST _ 340 536 1, 145 6, 960 19, 282 685, 202 : 602, 551 180 Connecticut . . 11 12 52 183 22, 661 19, 861 181 Ansonia. . . . 1 2 8 18 82 2,399 2,178 182 1 8 32 124 3, 950 1,438 3,433 1,247 183 Danielson (Killinglytown) . . . 1 1 18 35 180 Derby... . . 1 3 4 11 35 1,019 940 180 Naugatuck _ _ _ 2 4 7 14 69 2,475 2,193 180 1 5 7 60 1, 923 1,668 180 Stonington. . . 1 2 4 15 65 2, 213 2, 057 180 Vernon _ _ _ 1 1 4 22 75 1,882 1,605 181 Wallingford _ _ 1 7 26 93 2,945 2,523 181 Willimantic 6 . 1 4 20 60 2, 417 2, 017 181 Maine . . . 10 28 35 171 635 22, 738 20, 161 180 Auburn _ 1 15 33 109 4, 253 2, 795 3,900 2,564 182 Augusta . . . 1 5 2 23 80 180 Bath . . . 1 1 2 19 71 2,569 2, 352 180 Biddeford _ . 1 6 5 35 1,083 1,323 924 181 Saco (Elementary) _ 2 2 3 38 1,134 173 Sanford _ 1 11 4 18 48 1,770 1,612 179 South Portland.. . . 1 3 3 32 127 4, 554 3, 917 183 Waterville . . 1 1 2 21 76 2,452 1,962 180 Westbrook _ _ _ 1 5 1 17 51 1,939 1,796 179 Massachusetts _ 53 204 247 1,123 3, 610 121, 165 107, 920 176 Athol.... - - 1 3 6 22 47 2, 142 1,847 180 Attleboro _ _ _ - 1 3 8 27 110 3, 531 3, 254 177 Barnstable _ - _ 1 2 26 58 2, 076 2, 290 1,814 2, 067 177 Danvers . . 1 3 7 24 67 180 Dedham _ _ .. 1 5 8 26 100 2, 894 2, 663 175 Easthampton - - - 1 2 10 39 1,111 1,967 996 180 Fairhaven.. — - .. .. . 1 2 6 18 56 1,806 179 Gardner _ _ _ _ 1 4 1 23 63 2, 005 1,832 174 Greenfield - - - 1 1 2 36 72 2, 591 2, 320 179 Marlborough.. - 1 6 4 13 59 1,988 1,739 176 Methuen _ _ _ . 1 8 7 13 94 3,505 2, 804 173 North Attleborough _ 1 3 6 13 46 1,578 1,453 180 Saugus - - 1 4 4 28 87 3, 443 3,089 171 Southbridge _ . . . ... 1 4 5 18 52 1,873 1,668 184 Stoneham _ _ _ 1 4 2 21 61 2, 025 1,901 181 Webster _ _ _ ... 1 2 2 15 35 1,071 984 180 Wellesley _ .. .. - 1 5 7 37 117 3,372 3,002 176 West Springfield - 2 6 9 28 103 3, 051 2, 710 179 Winchester _ _ _ . 1 10 5 27 83 2, 898 2,505 179 Winthrop . . . 1 9 6 24 95 3, 055 2, 714 179 Other cities - - ... 32 122 148 674 2, 166 72, 699 64, 752 175 New Hampshire _ . 7 8 18 164 435 15, 427 13, 413 178 Berlin . . . . . . 1 1 18 39 1,099 2, 079 972 180 Claremont _ . . _ 1 2 1 21 57 1,812 180 Dover 1 2 27 53 2, 102 2,729 1,835 2, 451 174 Keene 6 . _ .. . _ 1 1 1 30 69 176; Laconia _ _ _ . 1 2 26 58 2, 019 3, 491 1,710 2, 978 1761 Portsmouth _ _ 1 5 10 22 105 180; Rochester _ _ ... 1 1 20 54 1,908 1,655 180 footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued TO 24,999 POPULATION Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four* ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and wages Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $18,731,986 $6, 282, 234 $19,684,026 $305,234, 885 $5,845, 194 $22,033,728 $359,080, 067 $111,310,946 $489,122,999 1 6,007,348 2, 343, 869 5, 797, 630 98, 707, 350 1,948,904 7, 665, 499 116, 463, 252 40, 179, 728 162, 650, 328 2 126, 713 56, 321 246,483 2, 957, 531 40, 781 189, 276 3, 490, 392 1,111,127 4, 728, 232 3 14, 318 12,196 41,650 383,933 6,170 14, 852 458, 801 114, 963 588, 082 4 21,822 28, 315 544, 978 5,087 31, 558 609, 938 198, 794 830, 554 5 8,087 4, 655 173, 972 2,220 11,319 192, 166 70,846 271,099 6 6,595 15,442 21,552 169, 571 5, 000 10, 086 221,651 56, 381 284, 627 7 17, 633 16, 183 35, 750 321, 553 2,155 19, 475 395,116 163, 806 576, 555 8 10, 467 27, 573 230, 088 4,389 10, 387 272, 437 97,049 379, 953 9 8, 590 7,500 21,300 272,819 1,814 16, 240 319, 673 85, 765 414, 028 10 8, 355 5, 000 21,093 261,283 2,233 18,697 308,306 76, 083 392, 744 11 15, 586 30, 924 390, 464 4,478 34, 252 460, 118 144,130 619, 834 12 15,260 13, 671 208, 870 7, 235 22,410 252, 186 103,310 370, 756 13 64,278 99, 399 135, 698 2, 102, 390 21,502 186,009 2, 544, 998 762, 711 3, 371,987 14 8, 506 60, 000 340, 824 28, 992 429, 816 130, 393 568,715 15 11,475 16, 088 8,300 282, 055 2,848 19,028 328, 319 82, 206 422, 000 16 5, 365 3, 500 8,832 236, 376 7, 063 22, 093 277, 864 81,320 364, 549 17 6,933 14, 521 66, 701 1,587 82, 809 39,140 128, 882 18 3, 224 9,360 93, 734 3, 500 9,480 116, 074 48,868 168,166 19 7, 476 40, 672 18,100 200, 676 752 26, 911 287, 110 108, 974 403, 560 20 9, 402 12, 600 12, 000 456, 460 34, 265 515, 325 118, 506 643, 233 21 5, 543 3,700 9,400 249, 611 6, 350 18, 937 287, 998 67,627 361,168 22 6, 354 13, 479 4,545 175, 953 989 24,717 ; '219,683 85,677 311,714 23 762, 565 808, 413 1, 087, 750 15, 989, 420 206, 110 1, 128, 937 19, 220, 630 6, 421, 148 26, 404, 343 24 14, 071 11,336 25,457 203, 482 3,365 18,962 262, 602 100, 978 377, 651 25 18, 515 11, 750 33, 525 452, 459 25,670 523, 404 244, 962 786, 881 26 10, 891 9,759 290,000 29,044 328, 803 173, 136 512, 830 27 9, 239 10, 149 24,658 286, 062 4,866 20, 171 345,906 123, 947 479, 092 28 18, 195 19, 225 37, 250 450, 824 40, 467 547, 766 151, 762 717, 723 29 8, 735 8, 808 163, 120 3, 105 7, 885 182, 918 65, 192 256, 845 30 9,361 7,100 22,900 233,430 1,800 15, 311 280, 541 120, 982 410, 884 31 14, 727 17, 360 5,800 316, 486 2, 700 19, 064 361, 410 85, 547 461, 684 32 12, 986 4,500 9,913 403, 022 9,272 16, 080 442, 787 123, 552 579, 325 33 16, 791 21,600 18, 550 220, 123 14, 276 274, 549 94, 816 386, 156 34 17, 512 30, 496 31,500 372, 562 4,500 19,964 459, 022 122, 877 599, 411 35 11, 026 11, 372 21, 803 159, 906 1, 215 13, 822 208, 118 55, 295 274, 439 36 16, 229 16,000 16,000 390, 593 2,515 24,345 449, 453 197, 675 663, 357 37 13,564 17, 850 23, 275 231, 251 17, 993 290, 369 97, 691 401, 624 38 15, 020 16,190 11, 350 252,327 5, 525 25, 772 311, 164 74,150 400,334 39 8,960 8,000 8, 000 150, 214 5,021 10,564 181, 799 78, 149 268, 908 40 29, 647 19, 617 29,972 488, 918 8,488 47,203 594, 198 207, 151 830, 996 41 25, 042 21, 127 41, 369 469, 532 7, 527 33, 460 573, 015 189, 221 787, 278 42 17,488 43, 943 27, 611 450, 182 11, 860 38, 880 572, 476 164, 619 754, 583 43 17, 027 35, 750 27,600 411, 275 10, 685 37, 842 523, 152 96, 757 636,936 44 457, 539 485, 048 652, 650 9, 593, 652 123, 666 652, 162 11, 507, 178 3, 852, 689 15, 817, 406 45 123, 132 33,540 87,858 1, 940, 211 25, 169 145, 813 2, 232,591 804, 674 3, 160, 397 46 15, 091 6, 230 203, 990 5, 175 10, 445 225, 840 79,880 320, 811 47 13,258 7,540 5,900 239, 730 1,702 13, 652 268, 524 90, 259 372, 041 48 18,140 13, 778 245, 772 1, 570 34, 301 295, 421 1 101, 538 415, 099 49 21, 656 6,000 5,600 320, 943 5,194 22, 358 360, 095 204,375 586, 126 50 17,881 10,600 286, 324 3, 955 23, 106 323, 985 88, 736 430, 602 51 20,500 20,000 40, 300 407, 951 5,781 23, 847 497, 879 146,696 665, 075 52 16,606 5, 450 235,501 1,792 18, 104 260, 847 1 93, 190 370, 643 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 S2 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 3 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New Jersey . . 75 49 229 1,374 4,106 139, 174 119, 211 182 Asbury Park . . . . 1 5 33 88 3, 131 2, 693 182 Bergenfield _ _ _ 1 2 3 29 89 3,243 2^800 180 1 7 32 124 4, 145 3,533 183 1 5 18 75 2,319 2, 073 181 Cranford _ _ 1 2 3 35 96 3, 266 2, 805 183 1 4 32 67 2, 326 2, 013 184 Englewood _ .. . .. - 3 6 7 32 119 3, 691 3, 143 181 5 8 46 120 4,602 4 001 182 Fort Lee _ _ _ _ 2 2 1 17 47 1,386 1,168 182 Gloucester City _ 1 1 2 23 53 2,076 1,764 180 2 3 31 59 2,365 2, 077 181 Harrison _ . ------- 2 1 3 16 57 1,337 l’ 161 186 Long Branch _ 2 1 11 30 111 3, 920 3, 137 181 Madison _ _ _ 1 1 1 20 63 1, 775 1,528 183 Morristown. _ ... .. - 1 1 7 42 83 2, 925 2, 477 182 1 2 11 91 3,084 2,632 184 Phillipsburg _ ... - 3 1 1 30 91 3, 009 2, 670 183 Pleasantville 1 6 28 82 2, 977 2 382 183 Red Bank _ 1 1 3 24 71 2, 231 1,810 183 Ridgewood 1 13 37 123 4, 225 3, 664 182 Sayreville 1 1 12 35 1,270 1,093 183 South River _ _ _ 1 4 22 55 2, 017 1, 758 181 Summit _ 2 3 7 33 92 2, 959 2, 598 183 Westfield _ 1 2 5 39 117 3, 777 3, 317 181 Other cities _ _ — — 38 25 117 702 2, 098 71, 118 60, 914 182 New York _ 75 79 255 1,565 4,730 156, 139 132, 839 181 Corning: District 9 . . . 1 1 4 18 42 1,401 1, 223 180 District 13 _ _ _ 1 2 23 50 2, 133 1,867 180 Cortland.. . . . . 1 3 6 21 92 3, 015 2,581 184 Floral Park: Elementary District _ 2 11 66 1,581 1,344 183 Central High District 2.. 5 3 125 84 3,741 3, 223 171 Freeport . . 3 2 7 38 127 4, 358 3, 696 183 Glen Cove _ 1 2 3 25 70 2,430 2,091 183 Homell. . . . 1 5 6 18 106 2, 874 2,299 193 Johnstown _ 1 3 2 16 68 1, 936 1,745 181 Kenmore. . . . . 4 3 12 90 292 10, 409 8,742 181 Lynbrook.. _ _ 1 1 4 20 89 2,608 2, 263 181 Mamaroneck . . 2 3 6 42 138 3, 987 3,402 178 Middletown.. . . . . . 1 6 7 37 101 3,832 3, 247 182 Mineola . . . . 2 2 5 38 119 3, 776 3, 172 179 Newark _ _ _ 1 2 2 20 55 1,871 1,633 171 Olean _ _ 1 11 30 141 5, 577 4, 636 185 Plattsburgh . . . 1 3 19 58 2,303 1,844 184 Port Chester . . 1 3 7 35 129 3, 847 3, 331 183 Rensselaer _ _ _ 1 4 5 74 1,819 1, 540 191 Rockville Centre _ . 2 6 21 111 3,590 3, 051 180 Scarsdale _ _ _ 2 8 57 97 2,900 2, 569 181 Tonawanda _ _ 2 1 6 28 80 2, 793 2,468 179 Watervliet _ _ 1 1 6 11 72 1, 858 1, 530 182 Other cities _ _ _ 39 41 133 817 2, 469 81,500 69, 342 181 Pennsylvania . . . 95 122 272 2,181 4,461 186, 760 170, 335 181 Arnold _ _ 1 1 3 19 40 1,442 1,374 180 Bradford _ _ 1 5 2 43 100 3, 723 3, 255 180 Bristol _ _ 2 1 19 52 1, 651 1, 563 181 Butler . . 2 5 5 49 106 4, 550 4,288 180 Carlisle . . . 2 5 2 34 80 3, 326 2, 970 180 Chambersburg . 2 1 1 39 80 2, 968 2,886 180 Cheltenham . . . 1 2 10 40 128 4,032 3, 232 184 footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $1, 185, 799 $252, 216 $1, 159, 546 $20, 087, 024 $573, 850 $1, 655, 086 $23, 727, 722 $7, 310, 396 $32, 223, 917 30, 026 28, 485 420, 408 8,622 21, 042 478, 557 207, 049 715, 632 9, 132 9,000 17, 100 426, 168 4,700 39, 653 496, 621 114, 515 620, 268 20, 576 29,698 485, 010 12, 312 38, 293 565, 313 182, 119 768, 008 23, 652 23, 150 359, 938 6,449 32, 404 421, 941 120, 403 565, 996 26, 952 11, 450 19, 444 500, 252 13, 470 33, 771 578, 387 128, 857 734, 196 22, 500 18, 680 325, 800 8,700 26, 250 379, 430 89, 000 490, 930 33, 771 28, 307 37, 950 598, 254 19, 877 42, 348 726, 736 223, 764 984, 271 44, 994 34, 357 647, 523 17, 491 64, 237 763, 608 216, 400 1, 025, 002 19, 044 10, 700 5, 250 223, 756 4, 430 23, 853 267, 989 90, 593 377, 626 18, 170 4, 350 8, 450 228, 323 2, 929 14, 595 258, 647 82, 928 359, 745 18, 196 14, 200 296, 296 5, 225 26, 059 341, 780 96, 634 456, 610 55, 208 5, 400 18, 300 326, 280 6,800 28, 592 385, 372 133, 656 574, 236 26, 448 5, 368 48, 097 564, 850 13, 092 34, 953 666, 360 214, 371 907, 179 24,105 5,900 6, 500 341, 083 15, 436 27, 142 396, 061 104, 901 525, 067 23,310 4, 759 39, 425 487, 407 17, 266 56, 162 605, 019 223, 151 851, 480 9,807 8, 300 325, 584 1,606 16, 895 352, 385 136, 696 498, 888 27, 953 5,200 6, 175 401, 745 4, 590 36, 481 454, 191 127, 943 610, 087 19, 810 22, 550 293, 752 3, 800 25, 635 345, 737 102, 679 468, 226 17, 093 5,200 16, 202 346, 300 24,133 29, 899 421, 734 148, 403 587, 230 37, 086 63, 605 640, 857 22, 482 49, 722 776, 666 233, 307 1, 047, 059 11, 997 4,600 157, 954 5, 330 29, 811 197, 695 98, 551 308, 243 10, 817 19, 000 275, 213 7,278 19, 470 320, 961 141, 381 473, 159 33, 106 16,700 44, 350 548, 006 24, 702 45, 393 679, 151 168, 662 880, 919 16, 103 11, 000 33, 150 601, 796 29, 893 46, 677 722, 516 188, 821 927, 440 605, 943 128, 882 592, 528 10, 264, 469 293, 237 845, 749 12, 124, 865 3, 735, 612 16, 466, 420 1, 521, 115 413, 794 1, 539, 751 26, 736, 562 645, 642 1, 804, 799 31, 140, 548 12, 473, 347 45, 135, 010 21, 494 4,900 19,200 225, 946 1,700 23, 150 274, 896 98, 241 394, 631 16, 652 12, 100 279, 428 5, 659 8, 157 305, 344 101, 096 423, 092 19, 875 14, 436 25, 912 412, 933 7, 783 33, 350 494, 414 169, 453 683, 742 9,000 7,500 357, 939 7, 198 10, 647 383, 284 191, 236 583, 520 35, 726 25, 900 913, 692 57, 109 62, 002 1, 058, 703 319, 195 1, 413, 624 41,362 11, 340 43, 248 796, 114 33, 090 54, 861 938, 653 395, 072 1, 375, 087 38, 216 10, 000 16, 386 355, 737 6, 000 44, 787 432, 910 199, 955 671,081 28,469 20, 300 28, 100 450, 047 6, 560 39, 670 544, 677 201, 510 774, 656 16, 713 17, 093 11, 400 297, 555 4, 835 26, 453 357, 336 141,517 515, 566 82, 870 17, 400 87, 900 1, 620, 125 36, 140 99, 475 1, 861, 040 854, 553 2, 798, 463 31, 354 6, 750 28, 500 533, 238 11,450 48, 819 628, 757 206, 706 866, 817 47, 468 13, 200 43, 475 953, 343 24,640 63, 066 1, 097, 724 427, 440 1, 572, 632 46, 277 31, 305 37, 940 547, 466 12, 548 32, 886 662, 145 273, 343 981, 765 40, 618 12, 600 35, 627 679, 526 12, 944 65, 016 805, 713 304, 593 1, 150, 924 15, 798 8, 400 11, 200 274, 666 4,509 18, 518 317, 293 127, 075 460, 166 32, 872 53, 828 605, 364 3,088 22, 857 685, 137 333, 866 1, 051, 875 25, 293 20, 399 273, 187 1,774 21, 690 317, 050 104, 979 447, 322 30, 336 20, 000 41,900 668, 072 17, 769 27, 776 775, 517 343, 468 1, 149, 321 18, 361 18, 115 268, 164 416 18, 119 304, 814 138, 320 461, 495 42, 712 46, 775 717, 465 23,238 44, 864 832, 342 283, 420 1, 158, 474 41, 555 62, 450 825, 890 24, 353 52, 903 965, 596 334,009 1, 341,160 26, 796 5, 070 31, 346 437, 879 4,067 29, 661 508, 023 212, 120 746, 939 17, 276 5,000 26, 800 286, 301 1,747 13, 966 333, 814 201, 093 552, 183 794, 022 216, 000 803, 750 13, 956, 485 337, 025 942, 106 16, 255, 366 6, 511, 087 23, 560, 475 2, 062, 779 550, 943 1, 381, 891 26, 150, 838 408, 148 2, 371, 355 30, 863, 175 10, 255, 095 43, 181, 049 20,036 3,800 13, 829 195, 431 2, 926 13, 929 229, 915 68, 757 318, 708 36, 333 20, 967 11, 800 519, 141 8, 212 48, 104 608, 224 204, 358 848, 915 23,320 5,400 238, 720 3, 940 11, 669 259, 729 86, 991 370,040' 15, 512 26, 425 28, 500 549, 970 20, 000 50, 000 674, 895 234, 843 925, 250 32, 875 19, 793 9, 855 383, 306 2,003 21, 999 436, 956 110, 750 580, 581 35, 712 4, 450 5,400 401, 607 4, 908 29, 850 446, 215 131,440 613, 367 30,288 13, 399 57, 049 648, 822 14, 462 20, 722 754, 454 234, 116 1, 018, 858 326602-55- 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 L16 117 118 11'.) 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pennsylvania— Continued C oates ville. . - . . 1 1 6 39 115 3, 427 3, 287 185 Connells ville . . - 1 2 3 28 84 2, 724 2, 376 180 1 2 16 38 1,359 1, 256 182 1 3 16 58 1,911 1, 752 187 1 5 23 53 1,720 1,621 180 1 2 15 49 1,592 1, 463 190 Dunmore _ _ 1 1 8 21 73 2, 734 2, 629 183 1 2 28 77 2, 800 2,665 180 1 1 17 59 1,958 1,905 180 Greensburg - - - 1 8 5 35 89 3, 535 3, 196 180 Homestead . 1 1 6 38 43 1,844 1,663 180 Indiana.. . 1 3 3 31 46 2, 171 2, 016 180 Kingston . . . . . . 1 3 1 32 107 3. 059 2, 825 185 Lansdowne _ _ 1 1 4 22 58 1,762 1,531 180 Latrobe . _ _ 2 2 27 50 1,973 1,867 180 Lewistown . . 2 5 4 46 77 2, 863 2,688 180 Mahanoy City . 1 1 3 10 45 1,118 1,002 180 Monessen . . . . 1 1 6 28 88 2, 720 2, 632 180 Mount Carmel .. _ 1 2 27 49 1,916 1,628 180 Munhall . . . 1 5 31 72 2,604 2,361 180 Oil City . . . . . 1 4 5 38 82 2,880 2, 717 180 Pottstown _ _ _ 1 5 5 48 114 4, 066 3,669 180 Shaler Township 1 6 18 45 2, 116 1, 760 180 Shamokin . . . . 2 1 6 38 60 2, 478 2, 401 180 Shenandoah . . . 1 2 13 44 1, 325 1, 183 182 Stowe Township _ 3 2 26 52 1,905 1,871 182 S unbury _ _ _ 2 1 2 40 78 3, 020 2,680 180 Tamaqua . . 1 2 2 16 48 1,985 1,085 185 Union town _ 1 3 4 36 98 3, 377 3, 163 180 Waynesboro . 1 3 24 47 1,617 1,588 180 West Chester . 1 4 36 77 2, 437 2, 312 185 Other cities . 47 60 134 1,075 2,200 92, 073 83, 975 182 Rhode Island _ 10 21 29 137 432 15. 400 13, 724 180 Bristol - 1 4 4 20 44 1,798 1,592 181 Central Falls _ 1 4 7 15 47 1,480 1,237 180 Cumberland 1 1 g 54 1,710 1, 509 180 Johnston - - 1 5 3 12 41 1, 853 1,674 180 Lincoln _ _ 1 1 3 6 32 1,075 990 180 North Providence _ _ _ 2 2 6 27 52 2,012 1,820 181 South Kingstown . . 1 1 1 14 52 1, 547 1,434 180 Westerly _ _ _ _ 1 4 2 21 55 2,107 1,880 181 West Warwick . . 1 2 14 55 1,818 1,588 173 Vermont. . . 4 13 8 62 175 5,738 5,087 174 Barre . . . 1 7 1 22 56 2,116 1,893 175 Brattleboro . . . . 1 6 5 22 53 1,791 1,593 177 Rutland _ _ 2 2 18 66 1,831 1,601 171 NORTH CENTRAL _ 385 389 1,141 7, 142 18, 865 693, 732 610, 251 178 Illinois . . . 123 70 262 1,519 4,093 141,981 121,346 185 Blue Island: Elementary District _ 2 1 11 56 1,882 1,459 188 High-school District _ 1 1 6 43 38 1,903 1,864 175 Brookfield, District No. 95. . 1 21 7l 27 1,130 978 188 footnote at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $37, 675 $5,046 $25, 807 $482, 586 $11,558 $40, 586 $565, 583 $194, 117 $797, 375 35, 476 9, 359 17,240 361, 340 4, 485 31, 959 424, 383 112, 822 572, 681 17, 307 8, 982 168, 266 1,823 6, 531 185, 602 63, 708 266, 617 25,600 20, 250 198, 000 4,000 12, 550 234, 800 80, 775 341, 175 30, 108 22, 593 277, 335 5, 209 21, 473 326, 610 129, 010 485, 728 26, 784 11, 598 254, 036 7, 479 15, 621 288, 734 91, 103 406, 621 32, 604 3, 650 39, 450 348, 113 21, 678 412, 891 186, 048 631, 543 19, 734 12, 444 378, 617 4, 243 25, 655 420, 959 102, 986 543, 679 19, 802 5, 100 258, 724 1,314 24, 911 290, 049 123, 339 433, 190 25, 487 32, 984 25, 009 465, 465 5, 649 39, 929 569, 036 196, 176 790, 699 36, 738 4, 570 35, 782 345, 852 7,017 34, 481 427, 702 122, 454 586, 894 21, 569 12, 428 14, 941 277, 948 6, 656 160, 192 472, 165 97,990 591, 724 37,283 11, 566 5, 385 471, 479 1,610 27, 942 517, 982 185, 243 740,508 27, 378 5, 016 19, 708 301, 237 9, 003 33, 643 368, 607 135, 585 531, 570 24, 147 10, 612 290, 168 3, 721 25, 492 329, 993 107, 087 461, 227 31, 109 24, 739 19, 048 397, 267 7,869 32, 303 481, 226 148, 627 660, 962 13, 115 3, 566 14, 878 175,011 1,760 3, 198 198, 413 59, 053 270, 581 27, 556 5,000 25,200 448, 665 5, 655 28, 276 512, 796 167, 602 707, 954 13, 519 11,627 215, 866 3, 899 22, 490 253, 882 77, 495 344, 896 42, 822 26, 376 400, 658 12, 378 28, 715 468, 127 142, 808 653, 757 32, 191 17, 343 25, 075 412, 516 2, 277 32, 979 490, 190 161, 390 683, 771 34, 193 21,383 25, 594 560, 549 9, 189 50, 459 667, 174 208, 470 909, 837 24, 100 28, 056 270, 176 3,848 27, 965 330, 045 172, 554 526, 699 28, 595 5,000 30, 250 336, 875 1,600 32,500 406,225 132,200 567, 020 26, 049 9,283 220, 201 1,458 13, 211 244, 153 88, 989 359, 191 23, 625 10, 271 283, 106 1,713 27, 048 322, 138 97, 324 443, 087 14,600 5,000 9, 255 378, 528 3,860 22,166 418, 809 128, 669 562, 078 21, 494 9, 786 9,318 209, 203 1,895 17,290 247, 492 95, 866 364, 852 47, 162 14, 058 17, 204 488, 842 8,830 85, 751 614, 685 245, 855 907, 702 9,166 13,500 273, 169 1,055 12, 119 299, 843 47, 142 356, 151 44, 765 18, 950 371, 680 9, 427 46, 891 446, 948 225, 591 717, 304 1,016, 950 271,615 681, 272 12, 892, 363 201,217 1, 169, 078 15, 213, 545 5, 055, 762 21, 288, 257 117,200 80, 514 127, 623 1, 962, 690 13,004 115, 512 2, 299, 343 743, 558 3, 160, 101 13,750 18,000 18, 725 233, 035 188 14, 150 284, 098 64, 630 362, 478 12, 304 14, 068 29, 575 209, 635 4, 152 8, 158 265, 588 67, 879 345, 771 8, 873 4, 350 200, 573 9, 419 214, 342 79, 190 302, 405 16, 999 14, 040 11,248 155, 477 15, 282 196, 047 87, 913 300, 959 16, 028 5,440 13,500 123, 431 5,484 147, 855 74, 999 238, 882 14, 442 7,650 24, 825 257, 992 1,804 19, 599 311, 870 83, 907 410, 219 10, 880 5,800 4, 500 231, 040 2, 152 13, 549 257, 041 90, 148 358, 069 13, 462 15, 516 9,900 296, 545 4,708 16, 111 342, 780 117, 061 473, 303 10, 462 11,000 254, 962 3, 760 279, 722 77,831 368, 015 43, 767 48, 729 31, 030 780, 684 14, 698 68, 712 943, 853 297, 672 1, 285, 292 12,820 27,829 4, 016 266, 608 4, 209 24, 728 327, 390 78, 458 418, 668 14, 517 20,900 17, 097 234, 850 5, 975 24, 540 303, 362 99, 635 417, 514 16, 430 9, 917 279, 226 4, 514 19, 444 313, 101 119, 579 449, 110 5, 645, 844 1, 789, 225 5, 393, 046 90, 252, 021 1, 578, 446 6, 507, 640 105, 520, 378 33,762,521 144, 928, 743 1, 768, 323 318, 014 1, 330, 862 21, 027, 499 345, 118 1, 593, 485 24, 614, 978 9, 013, 646 35, 396, 947 46,632 4, 464 258, 708 517 263, 689 104, 327 414, 648 27, 809, 4,800 33, 000 317, 532’ 31, 260 386, 592 225, 814 640, 215 6, 900! 8,300 119,9511 3,666 7, 289 138, 540 33, 7051 179, 145 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 200 207 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel \ attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super intend- ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru staff 1 tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois— Continued Calumet City: 1 16 472 371 187 155.9 1 15 579 467 187 156.» High-school District . 2 1 1 19 19 1,092 986 186 1 9 23 74 2,868 2, 533 177 Centralia: Elementary District _ 1 2 7 5 61 1,861 1,498 185 3 3 24 29 1, 145 1,030 185 Chicago Heights: 2 5 10 92 3, 068 2,814 180 High-school District . 2 4 1 34 34 2, 241 1, 969 189 1 6 15 76 3,081 2, 738 185 Des Plaines: Elementary District . . 1 4 8 73 2, 501 2,000 188 High-school District 3 47 41 2,081 2,003 189 Downers Grove: ® Elementary District-... 1 2 2 63 2, 055 1, 739 185 High-school District. . .. 1 19 23 1, 157 1,061 185 East Moline: Elementary District . 2 4 5 8 49 1,656 1,394 186 High-school District 3 1 27 22 1, 224 1,150 185 Elmhurst: Elementary District _ 1 6 121 3, 385 2, 833 175 High-school District . 3 6 2 46 43 1,909 1,733 186 Forest Park.. . .. . . 1 1 2 8 35 1,001 850 186 Freeport. _ _ _ _ 2 4 7 42 123 3, 642 3, 109 187 Harrisburg: Elementary District _ 1 4 4 11 45 1,755 1,422 186 High School District 6.... 1 1 11 21 843 722 186 Harvey: Elementary District _ 1 3 1 53 1,689 1,445 189 High School District _ 3 3 4 71 60 3, 348 2, 917 189 Highland Park: Elementary Dist. No. 107— 2 8 31 722 653 187 Elementary Dist. No. 108 6. 1 2 5 12 48 1, 182 1,016 185 High School District No. 4 1 1 32 25 1,159 1,031 188 113. Jacksonville . . 1 3 6 32 90 2, 579 2,141 179 Kewanee. _ _ _ 1 4 25 73 2, 426 2, 053 185 Macomb _ _ 1 4 19 1,579 1,357 185 Mattoon . . 4 13 50 109 3, 934 2, 639 185 Monmouth.. . _ 1 1 6 21 55 1,814 1,597 185 Mount Vernon: Elementary District _ 1 7 14 74 2,633 2, 279 185 High School District _ 1 3 1 22 21 1,092 1,030 177 Ottawa: Elementary District 1 7 10 70 2,085 1,668 185 High School District . 1 1 20 21 727 681 185 Park Ridge . . . . 2 3 11 98 3,112 2,446 186 Pekin: Elementary District 1 8 11 93 3, 435 2, 910 187 High School District 3 32 30 1,350 1,270 187 River Forest . . . . . 1 2 4 9 41 1,057 770 186 Sterling: Elementary District _ 1 2 10 63 2, 186 1,707 188 High School District 1 19 20 674 652 185 Streator: Elementary District . 1 1 6 8 68 1,971 1,700 180 High School District _ 2 1 25 26 1,100 993 190 Wilmette . . 3 3 4 18 97 2, 052 1,736 185 footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 63 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis- tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 6 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $4, 011 $54, 997 $2, 033 $57, 030 $21, 214 $82, 255 164 4,007 52, 420 4,636 57, 056 12, 363 73, 426 165 6, 960 $7, 628 $7, 549 179, 080 12, 995 207, 252 107, 421 321, 633 166 18, 494 40, 514 342, 800 $4, 546 20, 388 408,248 203, 239 629, 981 167 48, 440 7,200 28, 000 195, 527 12, 336 243, 063 55,647 347, 150 168 6, 677 18, 226 222, 829 6,236 21, 799 269, 090 114, 718 390, 485 169 34, 186 26, 954 436, 137 8, 397 30, 080 501, 568 136, 971 672, 725 170 34, 153 20, 666 5,000 311, 622 10, 346 35, 787 382, 755 191, 377 608, 285 171 27, 066 30, 000 304, 454 15, 178 349, 632 148, 228 524, 926 172 19,641 20,000 293, 812 15, 873 329, 685 101, 880 451, 206 173 35,234 394, 336 29, 445 423, 781 135, 046 594, 061 174 11, 205 10,000 184, 880 5,000 7,294 207, 174 67, 266 285, 645 175 12, 098 5,000 144, 125 12,000 10, 275 171, 400 70, 563 254, 061 176 15,390 17, 562 18, 100 202, 009 4,003 18, 125 259, 799 70, 282 345, 471 177 24, 194 9, 167 229, 592 17,425 256, 184 131, 870 412, 248 178 22, 864 31, 352 380, 113 18, 524 17, 830 447, 819 161, 711 632, 394 179 54, 377 18, 800 7, 944 378, 961 20, 298 426, 003 144, 093 624, 473 180 16, 338 5,207 10, 414 154, 800 9,031 179, 452 71,403 267, 193 181 28,857 16,400 34, 890 530, 565 11, 089 28,071 621, 015 208, 985 858, 857 182 15,270 13, 425 16, 270 161, 350 1,280 9, 090 201, 415 68, 195 284, 880 183 6, 350 6,000 93, 323 5, 158 104, 481 37, 371 148, 202 184 5,799 16,000 200, 000 6,400 222,400 87, 647 315, 846 185 59, 749 18,000 24, 000 610, 787 22, 500 35, 256 710, 543 278, 227 1, 048, 519 186 13, 626 161, 761 7,172 5,987 174, 920 60, 778 249, 324 187 17, 314 9,500 23, 473 245, 228 10, 594 288, 795 70,011 376, 120 188 24,398 8, 000 8,000 272, 247 12, 000 70, 491 370, 738 236, 782 631,918 189 18, 108 12, 800 38, 450 436, 578 9,116 33, 515 530, 459 109, 629 658, 196 190 19, 533 14, 542 285, 286 5, 960 65, 742 371, 530 146, 097 537, 160 191 12,600 16,880 235, 300 5,700 6,600 264, 480 98, 040 375, 120 192 24, 550 78, 031 545, 639 67, 779 691, 449 272, 534 988, 533 193 17,638 3,400 27, 646 261, 096 17, 531 309, 673 92,070 419, 381 L94 19, 533 28,000 288, 140 3, 323 319, 463 84, 866 423, 862 195 10, 799 15,000 5, 000 166, 576 3, 000 21, 624 211, 200 56, 113 278, 112 196 7, 129 28,000 250, 830 22, 142 300, 972 111, 297 419, 398 ! 197 16, 419 7,200 160, 943 12, 998 181, 141 97, 448 295, 008 198 32, 004 16,968 400, 201 20, 606 437, 775 144, 066 613, 845 199 22,124 36,500 353, 314 26, 314 416, 128 135, 673 573, 925 200 22, 552 260, 000 10,000 17, 502 287, 502 94, 492 404, 546 !201 19, 593 9,500 25, 110 236,263 11, 181 37, 455 319, 509 118, 953 458, 055 202 13, 413 10,000 300, 486 10, 048 320, 534 78, 745 412, 692 203 30,000 183, 945 6,000 11,823 201, 768 100, 584 332, 352 204 13,663 5, 300 30,000 185,200 2,400 15, 730 238, 630 94, 285 346, 578 205 5, 152 5, 800 211,313 7, 550 14, 711 239, 374 77, 252 321, 778 206 50, 181 15, 141 21, 850 355, 769 7,930 37,934 438,624 146, 664 635, 469 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru staff 1 tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois— Continued Winnetka: 1 4 24 74 1,876 1,568 179 4 1 68 68 2,401 2, 257 173 Other cities - - - 43 24 91 527 1,420 49, 267 42, 107 185 Indiana _ 23 40 113 583 1, 278 54, 157 47, 123 178 Connersville _ _ _ 2 1 7 36 75 3, 077 2, 680 178 1 7 28 55 2,462 2, 104 178 Frankfort.. . _ _ 1 3 5 34 77 3, 684 3, 216 176 Goshen _ _ . 1 1 7 35 61 2, 570 2, 250 176 Hobart _ ... _ _ _ . 2 1 1 35 48 2, 400 2, 105 172 Huntington- .. _ 1 4 7 25 67 2, 408 2,155 180 La Porte _ 1 6 5 36 78 3,315 2, 992 182 New Castle _ 1 5 10 46 130 5, 017 4, 132 179 Shelby ville _ _ - -- - - 1 5 23 46 2,121 1,856 173 Valparaiso... - _ _ - . 1 3 4 22 44 2,119 1,883 183 Wabash _ 1 •7 12 54 2, 145 1,909 178 West Lafayette... _ 1 3 18 32 1,176 993 176 Other cities _ ... _ 9 16 45 233 511 21, 663 18, 849 178 Iowa _ 11 20 56 257 778 26, 646 23, 557 18 Ames. _ _ --. -. . 2 8 8 21 85 2,859 2, 554 181 Boone 7 .. . - _ 1 5 9 23 70 2,560 2,236 180 Cedar Falls 1 5 23 67 2, 222 1, 906 180 Charles City _ _ _ 1 3 23 62 2, 072 1,742 180 Fort Madison . . _ 1 1 2 22 69 2, 023 1,848 180 Keokuk _ _ _ _ 1 4 5 27 85 2,978 2, 553 180 Marshalltown. _ _ _ 1 9 31 110 3, 417 3, 006 180 Muscatine 7 . . . .. .. 1 9 34 94 3, 460 3, 269 182 Newton. . . ... ... . 1 1 5 26 72 2, 860 2, 524 176 Oskaloosa. _ .. ... . 1 1 1 27 64 2, 195 1,920 180 Kansas . . . 23 25 120 528 1, 471 57, 105 47, 730 177 Arkansas City _ ... ____ 1 2 3 39 66 3, 364 2, 774 183 Dodge City 7 _ _ _ 1 1 6 41 72 2, 946 2,601 178 Emporia .. _ 1 7 24 76 2,697 2, 327 178 Fort Scott 1 2 23 51 1, 745 1, 484 175 Junction City... . . . __ 1 4 20 74 3,602 2,549 176 Lawrence. _ .. . .. . 2 5 8 25 99 3, 552 2, 963 173 Leavenworth. _ ..... 2 2 9 21 97 3, 326 2, 620 175 Newton. - ... _ _ 1 4 7 23 71 2, 814 2, 390 180 Ottawa 1 6 16 59 2,042 1, 697 175 Parsons 7_. _ _ _ _ . 1 8 40 83 2, 928 2, 500 174 Pittsburg.. . . . 1 1 6 24 84 2,877 2,705 176 Winfield... .. ... 1 6 21 54 2, 370 2, 029 180 Other cities. . . . 9 10 48 211 585 22, 842 19, 091 177 Michigan. _ . 47 66 157 1, 174 2,781 107, 592 96, 066 186 Allen Park _ _ ... 1 4 23 73 3, 047 2 698 200 Alpena _ ... . . 1 5 31 57 2, 184 1, 977 185 Calumet Township _ . 1 4 17 44 1,695 1, 625 195 East Detroit. _ .. _. 3 2 7 32 114 4, 862 4, 050 188 East Lansing _ .. ... .. 1 6 6 19 51 1, 856 1, 747 179 Ecorse . . . . . . 2 6 5 38 83 3, 370 3, 136 190 Escanaba _ _ . 1 1 3 40 70 2, 741 2,567 176 Inkster _ ....... 1 2 5 22 83 3, 126 3, 044 190 Ironwood _ . _ 1 1 1 28 56 2, 193 1,935 178 Menominee . . . 1 1 2 33 50 2, 175 1, 874 186 Midland _ _ 3 1 7 67 136 4, 528 4,206 191 Monroe. . . 1 31 51 54 90 4, 199 3,600 178 footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $35, 948 $28, 959 $415, 321 $14, 591 $37, 476 $496, 347 $123, 294 $655, 589 208 115, 737 7,500 764,811 15, 841 48, 752 836, 904 346, 675 1, 299, 316 209 613, 608 $110, 351 461, 809 7, 296, 542 119, 756 552, 939 8, 541, 397 3, 127, 735 12, 282, 740 210 300,008 187, 752 514, 775 6, 950, 993 85, 888 291, 187 8, 030, 595 1, 875, 085 10, 205, 688 211 18,387 5, 627 34, 986 365, 963 6, 817 14, 873 428, 266 130, 481 577, 134 212 14, 350 14, 750 326, 808 5,520 11, 989 359, 067 70, 364 443, 781 213 17, 500 7, 534 23, 378 404, 777 3,405 21, 753 460, 847 105, 808 584, 155 214 17, 251 5, 500 35, 759 330, 278 1,997 14, 276 387, 810 64, 469 469, 530 215 14, 720 4,117 4,500 308, 911 2, 822 11, 369 331, 719 96, 120 442, 559 216 13, 728 16, 388 31, 723 362, 266 3, 963 16, 773 431, 113 102, 056 546, 897 217 19, 182 27, 365 21, 757 488, 764 8, 753 15, 635 562, 274 120, 240 701, 696 218 9, 351 37, 102 51, 855 598, 872 6, 257 24, 260 718, 346 164, 765 892, 462 219 16,018 29, 411 304, 979 2,357 8, 053 344, 800 83, 526 444, 344 220 10, 532 9,018 16, 306 257, 477 3, 286 9,962 296, 049 66, 571 373, 152 221 13, 549 29, 107 222, 389 1,999 14, 393 267, 888 67, 550 348, 987 222 15, 437 15,333 199, 112 4, 357 11, 376 230, 178 53, 099 298, 714 223 120,003 75, 101 205, 910 2, 780, 397 34, 355 116, 475 3, 212, 238 750, 036 4,082, 277 224 181, 077 95, 368 268, 561 3, 216, 926 43, 630 245, 352 3, 869, 837 1, 298, 661 5, 349, 575 225 27, 919 32, 177 35, 833 329, 415 5, 850 25, 592 428, 867 164, 021 620, 807 226 20, 738 22, 214 30, 159 299, 062 2, 520 11,685 365, 640 100, 136 486, 514 227 12, 573 26, 507 271, 813 1,899 17, 161 317,380 116, 367 446, 320 228 9, 411 10, 089 243, 026 3, 399 18, 736 275, 250 115, 968 400, 629 229 20, 570 3,500 8, 000 281, 178 19, 939 312, 617 101, 798 434, 983 230 32, 162 29, 109 21, 277 382, 517 8, 423 26, 743 468, 069 106, 053 606, 284 231 18, 697 37, 844 408, 000 3,700 64, 275 513, 819 165, 260 697, 776 232 10, 259 69, 484 425, 110 10, 682 24, 120 529, 396 158, 171 697, 826 233 14, 108 4,666 25,000 299, 151 4,000 21, 193 353, 344 175, 804 543, 256 234 14,640 4, 368 4,368 277, 654 3, 157 15, 908 305, 455 95,083 415, 178 235 339,342 94, 087 483, 333 6, 032, 292 86, 103 361, 548 7, 057, 363 1, 711, 963 9, 108, 668 236 13, 091 10, 436 14, 550 339, 552 6, 865 13, 428 384, 831 97, 034 494, 956 237 16, 886 3,600 25, 050 368, 743 5,567 19, 306 422, 266 87, 912 527, 064 238 15, 442 23, 770 303, 533 11, 169 338, 472 105, 407 459, 321 239 12, 921 8, 550 213, 681 5, 768 18,533 246, 532 86, 023 345, 476 240 23, 155 19, 648 264, 126 2,491 15, 513 301, 778 43, 275 368, 208 241 26, 637 16,500 28,000 351, 280 20, 562 416, 342 101,411 544, 390 242 23, 788 6, 616 31, 595 340, 340 8,990 20, 881 408, 422 116, 430 548, 640 243 11,700 15, 500 31, 300 299, 804 3,000 24, 834 374, 438 56, 000 442, 138 244 15, 680 22, 664 219, 281 3, 366 16, 789 262, 100 53, 585 331, 365 245 15, 536 31, 881 315, 997 4, 560 17, 552 369, 990 92, 184 477, 710 246 17, 510 3, 800 27, 000 365, 535 6,000 17, 589 419, 924 130, 370 567, 804 247 11, 259 25, 992 237, 503 5, 055 20, 773 289, 323 57, 547 358, 129 248 135, 737 37, 635 193, 333 2, 412, 917 34, 441 144, 619 2, 822, 945 684, 785 3, 643, 467 249 956, 758 344, 533 833, 115 14, 901, 070 354, 764 1, 145, 924 17, 579, 406 5, 038, 216 23, 574, 380 250 22, 883 19, 916 326, 350 9,275 18, 824 374, 365 91, 591 488, 839 251 23, 267 24, 352 321, 734 4,154 24,174 374, 414 137, 717 535, 398 252 12, 213 15, 776 184, 763 2,449 12, 999 215, 987 101, 384 329, 584 253 52, 472 11,000 47,835 645, 223 28, 049 65, 392 797, 499 176, 683 1, 026, 654 254 22, 764 24,000 24, 167 257, 315 10, 085 20, 412 335, 979 92, 589 451, 332 255 48, 276 36, 623 31,950 562, 370 7, 382 35,229 673, 554 159, 400 881, 230 256 21, 457 4, 950 14, 667 360, 057 8, 166 21, 041 408, 881 119, 015 549, 353 257 24, 346 10, 525 31, 730 297, 710 11,460 58, 471 409, 896 112, 780 547, 022 258 18,290 8, 885 5,985 273, 673 9,206 26, 259 324, 008 134, 216 476, 514 259 13, 907 3, 000 6, 775 264, 824 4, 716 1 18, 501 297, 816 98, 128 409, 851 260 33, 456 6,200 48, 144 828, 393 16, 433 58, 961 958, 131 233, 163 1,224, 750:261 42,080 19, 780 28, 255 646, 032 20, 618 ! 17, 529 732, 214 223, 895 998, 1891262 263 264 265 266 267 268 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 290 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Michigan— Continued Mount Clemens . . . 1 2 1 30 101 3, 901 3, 362 187 1 5 29 64 2, 188 2,015 178 Muskegon Heights... _ 1 4 4 45 88 4,285 3,764 188 1 5 42 89 3, 122 2, 930 193 Sault Ste. Marie.. . . 2 1 8 37 91 3,319 2, 655 178 Ypsilanti _ . _ 2 5 6 34 131 4, 125 3, 634 184 Other cities . . . 22 31 74 553 1,310 50, 676 45, 247 186 Minnesota . . 22 35 51 520 1,423 53, 176 47, 051 173 Albert Lea . . 1 1 3 32 98 3, 558 3, 298 172 Austin 7.. _ 2 2 3 62 143 5, 355 4, 861 173 Faribault . . . 1 3 1 32 45 1, 967 1,746 171 Fergus Falls . . . 1 1 2 22 63 2, 305 2, 031 173 Mankato _ . . 2 1 3 37 86 2,849 2,491 172 2 25 56 2, 049 1, 799 1,546 172 Red Wing . 1 2 21 55 1,763 180 Robbinsdale . . 1 1 4 27 122 5, 450 4, 687 174 St. Louis Park . . . 1 4 6 24 136 5, 530 4, 778 170 South St. Paul _ _ _ 2 8 7 33 89 3, 399 3, 001 172 Virginia 7 . . . . 1 3 4 43 86 2, 360 2, 133 180 Other cities - - - 7 11 16 162 444 16, 591 14, 680 173 Missouri . . . 27 33 114 405 1,595 52,063 44,679 182 Cape Girardeau. . . 1 1 6 33 92 3, 114 2, 636 180 Clayton _ _ _ 2 3 8 24 90 2, 451 2,007 185 Fulton . _ _ _ 1 5 9 49 1,190 1, 119 180 Hannibal . . .. 1 3 7 17 113 3, 481 2, 951 180 Kirks ville _ _ _ _ 1 1 4 13 72 2, 128 1,741 180 Kirkwood _ _ 2 2 11 40 139 5, 187 4,407 187 Maplewood - Richmond 4 7 7 25 90 2, 852 2, 494 181 Heights. Mexico. - ... - .. 1 2 5 14 65 2, 295 1,979 180 Moberly . . . .. .. 1 3 20 72 1,852 1,616 180 St. Charles .. .. ... 1 6 16 53 2. 006 1,625 187 Sedalia 1 8 24 106 3, 372 2, 899 180 Sikeston _ _ _ 1 2 2 21 67 2, 976 2, 763 176 Other Cities _ _ 10 12 42 149 587 19, 159 16, 442 182 Nebraska _ 9 13 37 216 690 24, 478 21, 248 179 Beatrice _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 15 80 1, 989 1,690 179 Fremont.. . .. . . . 1 3 16 74 2, 750 2, 402 178 Grand Island _ _ ... 1 4 7 36 119 4, 464 3, 919 180 Hastings . . 1 3 8 30 105 3,640 3, 322 180 Kearney . . . 1 2 22 56 1,895 1,769 180 Norfolk... . . . . . 1 4 2 27 52 1,833 1,618 176 North Platte _ _ 1 1 10 26 97 4,119 3,383 180 Scottsbluff 7. . . . 1 1 3 44 107 3, 788 3, 145 176 North Dakota. . . 3 3 10 80 224 8, 373 7,897 179 Bismarck . . . . 1 6 41 67 2, 850 2,755 180 Jamestown . . . 1 1 2 13 51 1,852 1, 661 181 Minot. . . . . 1 2 2 26 106 3, 671 3, 481 176 Ohio . . 59 48 160 1,273 3, 185 120, 361 111, 086 177 Ashland... . 3 1 2 40 78 2, 865 2, 718 176 Ashtabula 1 4 44 93 3, 361 3,002 177 Bexley . . . . 3 4 27 55 2, 098 1, 934 179 Campbell. _ _ _ 1 1 7 48 37 1,881 1,739 178 Chillicothe . . . . 1 1 5 30 113 4,242 3, 931 1 183 footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $25, 033 $14, 297 $6, 500 $518, 828 $5, 745 $39, 262 $584, 632 $179, 958 $789, 623 263 12, 998 23, 012 251, 365 1,755 25, 621 301, 753 80, 746 395, 497 264 27, 055 17, 698 20, 451 507, 009 12, 731 33, 808 591, 697 165, 681 784, 433 265 44, 439 32, 400 564, 325 11, 731 35, 916 644, 372 174, 323 863, 134 266 28, 483 4, 500 30, 803 450, 830 16, 504 40, 642 543, 279 154, 147 725, 909 267 32, 706 20, 800 28, 000 621, 865 7, 211 53, 153 731, 029 229, 800 993, 535 268 405, 633 162, 275 392, 397 7, 018, 404 167, 094 539, 730 8, 279, 900 2, 373, 000 11, 103, 533 269 387, 482 164, 763 250, 946 6, 964, 845 137, 035 708, 673 8, 226, 262 3, 336, 359 11, 950, 103 270 14, 329 4, 550 10, 800 447, 283 4, 400 37, 060 504, 093 124, 708 643, 130 271 39, 616 10, 000 15, 000 813,001 26, 253 55,011 919, 265 310, 305 1, 269, 186 272 18, 987 15, 135 8, 919 311, 254 4, 325 37, 947 377, 580 105, 302 501, 869 273 18, 899 3,905 9, 800 275, 123 3, 000 37, 591 329, 419 87, 415 435, 733 274 25, 795 5,200 16, 150 407, 420 4, 890 75, 047 508, 707 211, 968 746, 470 275 15, 827 250, 621 2,436 29, 496 282, 553 145, 911 444, 291 276 13; 982 9,506 251, 632 2,000 9, 327 272, 465 75, 756 362,203^277 31, 549 4,500 20, 000 497, 283 10, 800 51, 949 584, 532 283, 844 899, 925 278 28, 760 13, 138 31, 687 542, 882 13, 073 64, 577 665, 357 313, 398 1, 007, 515 279 24, 141 39, 805 26, 700 440, 811 4, 300 39, 885 551, 501 303, 635 879, 277 280 34, 703 17, 124 24, 089 554, 503 18, 803 49, 677 664, 196 333, 173 1, 032, 072 281 120, 894 51, 406 78, 295 2, 173, 032 42, 755 221, 106 2, 566, 594 1, 040, 944 3, 782, 432 282 358, 753 145, 953 488, 563 6, 054, 229 127, 201 494, 500 7, 310, 446 2, 390, 030 10, 059, 229 283 15, 500 6,900 22, 393 362, 349 2,664 21, 401 415, 707 87, 806 519, 013 284 51, 172 17,773 54, 835 513, 884 23, 900 36, 166 646, 558 241, 588 939, 318 285 5, 814 15, 625 127, 715 3, 300 11, 009 157, 649 58, 712 222, 175 286 14, 052 9, 150 26, 028 350, 680 8,683 28, 431 422, 972 117, 954 554, 978 287 7, 529 4, 615 15, 817 191, 795 2, 523 24, 828 239, 578 62, 053 309, 160 288 39, 162 8, 570 49, 845 597, 682 9,248 55, 917 721, 262 221, 684 982, 108 289 23, 411 29, 275 36, 682 434, 271 3, 624 29, 441 533, 293 191, 503 748, 207 290 14, 667 8, 069 19, 692 223, 005 4, 548 26, 129 281, 443 93, 452 389, 562 291 10, 711 12, 200 240, 572 3, 646 11, 403 267, 821 106, 267 384, 799 292 13, 070 18, 300 220, 277 4, 883 18, 871 262, 331 99, 817 375, 218 293 13, 778 30, 020 326, 008 12, 152 26, 629 394, 809 115, 846 524, 433 294 17, 866 7,890 7, 335 238, 035 1,220 22, 299 276, 779 113, 817 408, 462 295 132, 021 53, 711 179, 791 2, 227, 956 46, 810 181, 976 2, 690, 244 879, 531 3, 701, 796 296 124, 291 50, 902 146, 529 2, 598, 783 26, 507 222, 186 3, 044, 907 715, 598 3, 884, 796 297 16, 964 8,467 263, 646 2, 710 19, 797 294, 620 79, 587 391, 171 298 12, 140 10, 856 272, 195 3, 329 14, 410 300, 790 64, 443 377, 373 299 25, 800 17, 413 28, 675 470, 353 5,048 56, 819 578, 308 140, 156 744, 264 300 15, 327 10, 030 28, 304 408, 766 1, 668 26, 986 475, 754 118, 284 609, 365 301 12, 968 9, 558 253, 939 3, 487 24, 036 291, 020 85, 049 389, 037 302 10, 558 11, 547 8,248 197, 673 2, 981 20, 300 240, 749 59, 149 310, 456 303 13, 780 4, 144 40, 038 341, 198 2,987 34, 474 422, 841 94, 686 531, 307 304 16, 754 7, 768 12, 383 391, 013 4,297 25, 364 440, 825 74, 244 531, 823 305 36, 530 12, 169 48, 485 977, 790 6, 192 56, 114 1, 100, 750 250, 602 1, 387,882 306 9, 072 27,000 333, 520 34, 717 395, 237 84, 601 488, 910 307 11, 719 3, 300 9,085 211, 994 1,800 4, 712 230, 891 47, 460 290, 070 308 15, 739 8, 869 12, 400 432, 276 4, 392 16, 685 474, 622 118, 541 608, 902 309 808, 217 202, 407 724, 281 14, 704, 475 210, 910 879, 361 16, 721, 434 5, 649, 070 23, 178, 721 310 32, 151 4,504 9,000 377, 011 6, 172 23, 639 420, 326 116, 218 568, 695 311 17, 493 19, 533 443, 144 6, 845 14, 689 484, 211 164, 292 665, 996 312 22, 601 17, 849 327, 555 5, 046 11,419 361, 869 133, 864 518, 334 313 15, 672 5,865 37, 584 363, 943 1, 794 20,448 429, 634 123, 688 568,994 314 15, 721 3,468 26, 555 451, 358 8,000 21, 403 510, 784 220, 501 747,006 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Omo— Continued Findlay... - . . - 1 8 3 48 119 4, 259 3, 944 180 1 1 24 63 2, 477 2, 385 180 1 3 32 77 3, 122 2,637 166 Garfield Heights .. . ... .. . 1 3 5 27 67 2, 487 176 Ironton.. . - 2 1 7 26 69 2, 720 2, 446 176 Lancaster _ 1 3 7 29 116 4, 546 4, 121 181 1 4 28 88 2, 963 2,708 174 2 1 30 67 3, 131 2, 854 171 1 6 19 76 2, 385 2,319 180 1 2 29 55 2, 413 2, 220 177 Painesville _ - - ... 2 1 2 19 60 1,968 1,866 177 Piqua _ ... - . .. . 1 3 3 32 75 2,880 2, 651 184 Rocky River _ . - ... 2 2 5 20 61 1,890 1,752 177 Salem.. _ _ _ 1 2 6 29 83 2, 678 2,605 176 1 2 22 61 1,983 1,881 175 Troy 1 1 25 49 1,977 1,854 175 Washington Court House _ 1 1 18 53 2,030 1,875 180 Wooster _ _ _ 1 1 27 54 2, 345 2, 219 177 Xenia 1 5 21 67 2, 687 2, 394 175 Other Cities _ _ _ 27 22 73 579 1,449 54, 764 50, 544 177 South Dakota _ 6 6 16 109 304 10, 410 9, 276 185 Aberdeen _ ... . ... 1 3 4 34 90 3, 350 3,099 190 Huron . . 2 1 4 20 78 2, 504 2,122 182 Mitchell _ _ _ 2 1 6 22 70 1, 964 1, 719 185 Watertown _ _ 1 1 2 33 66 2, 592 2, 336 185 Wisconsin _ 32 30 45 478 1,043 37, 390 33, 192 182 Ashland.. _ _ _ _ 2 4 7 24 55 1,944 1,736 181 Beaver Dam. . .. . ... ... 1 1 1 24 41 1,453 1, 322 177 Chippewa Falls .. . .. .. 5 5 23 56 1, 875 1,616 176 Cudahy. . _ 1 2 2 25 44 1,898 1, 505 184 Janesville. _ _ _ 2 6 8 52 104 3,795 3, 599 184 Marinette . . . . 1 2 1 23 63 2,180 1,960 177 Marshfield _ .. . . ... 4 1 3 23 42 1,440 1,263 175 Menasha _ .. 1 1 1 20 42 1,431 1, 259 185 Neenah _ _ 1 1 1 27 64 2, 442 2, 129 182 Shorewood. _ _ _ . 2 4 35 87 2,695 2, 517 184 South Milwaukee.. ... 1 1 1 27 50 1,943 1,580 187 Stevens Point . . . 1 4 1 26 53 2,168 2,041 190 Two Rivers _ _ _ _ 2 1 17 32 1, 100 1,039 184 Watertown.. . . 3 3 1 17 47 1,702 1,493 180 Waukesha.. . . ... .. 2 3 3 46 109 3, 839 3, 374 188 Whitefish Bay _ 2 4 39 92 2,946 2, 538 183 Wisconsin Rapids _ 1 1 1 30 62 2,539 2,221 176 SOUTH . . . 197 165 928 3, 257 14, 674 543, 993 465, 604 178 Alabama _ _ 11 4 49 173 987 38, 815 34, 306 175 Decatur _ _ ... .. . ... 2 1 7 14 107 3,753 3, 415 175 Dothan . 1 3 14 121 4,655 4, 141 176 Fairfield _ _ _ 1 1 5 21 86 3, 105 2,848 180 Florence . . . 1 6 25 98 4,403 3,845 178 Huntsville- ... _ 1 1 7 14 89 3, 460 3, 052 175 Opelika . . ... ... .. 1 3 12 78 2, 839 2. 451 177 Phenix City _ _ 1 2 24 121 5,634 4. 7001 175 Selma _ _ 1 1 11 21 137 5,401 4, 664 175 Sheffield _ 1 5 11 64 2, 330 2. 226 178 Talladega 6 . . 1 17 86 3,235 2,964 175 See footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 7957-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $19, 248 $34, 037 $14, 905 $513, 017 $3, 826 $28, 876 $594, 661 $159, 472 $773, 381 316 13, 253 5, 575 277, 899 2, 055 19, 151 304,680 94, 212 412, 145 317 23, 419 13, 438 366, 053 3, 758 27, 322 410, 571 165, 336 599, 326 318 24, 959 15, 223 22, 238 346, 070 14, 385 35, 179 433, 095 157, 432 615, 486 319 10, 844 3,200 27, 148 252, 213 1, 975 13, 398 297, 934 92, 653 401, 431 320 21, 373 12, 437 30, 333 511,503 6, 320 27, 094 587, 687 230, 388 839, 448 321 25, 490 15,000 312, 693 9,240 24, 396 361, 329 137, 436 524, 255 322 16, 373 5,408 330, 180 6,125 16,469 358, 182 117,668 492, 223 323 14, 629 24, 581 277, 517 2,290 12, 616 317,004 148, 341 479, 974 324 17, 593 9, 890 266, 554 2,793 15, 375 294, 612 93, 711 405, 916 325 13, 880 4, 250 9,900 268, 146 5,409 20,227 307, 932 101, 754 423, 566 326 18, 866 9, 728 12, 575 339, 203 1, 917 26, 437 389, 860 127, 058 535, 784 327 23,048 8.000 27,544 294, 899 14, 454 25, 341 370, 238 131, 932 525, 218 328 22, 317 9,600 21,500 351, 545 1,793 23, 211 407, 649 108, 736 538, 702 329 15, 973 7,242 223, 516 2,645 15, 222 248, 625 84, 205 348, 803 330 16,002 5, 719 301, 033 2,502 15, 308 324, 562 69, 627 410, 191 331 15, 236 5,058 219, 263 1,762 12, 966 239, 049 107, 541 361, 826 332 14, 045 5, 247 308, 281 2,530 8, 135 324, 193 93, 611 431, 849 333 10, 292 20,911 291, 343 1,310 20,931 334, 495 99, 067 443, 854 334 367, 739 92,095 329, 548 6, 690, 536 95,964 400, 109 7, 608, 252 2, 570, 327 10, 546, 318 335 73, 223 26, 649 63, 918 1, 170, 707 31, 066 115, 885 1, 408, 225 426, 392 1,907,840 336 18, 517 13,500 17, 345 396. 105 7, 770 43, 518 478, 238 180, 800 677, 555 337 15, 764 3,999 15, 896 270, 742 4,731 21, 849 317, 217 91,412 424, 393 338 23, 120 3, 500 19, 400 232,840 13,500 29, 280 298, 520 45, 515 367, 155 339 15, 822 5,650 11, 277 271, 020 5, 065 21,238 314, 250 108, 665 438, 737 340 311,840 146, 628 239, 678 5, 652, 412 124, 032 393, 425 6, 556, 175 2, 056, 899 8, 924, 914 341 9, 511 17, 820 39,981 238, 181 5, 190 14, 963 316, 135 154,664 480, 310 342 14, 897 4, 800 5, 100 227, 692 2,699 17, 877 258,168 78, 015 351, 080 343 13,036 24, 510 251, 952 3, 300 21, 155 300, 917 114, 190 428, 143 (344 21, 257 10, 832 10, 832 278, 515 4, 927 26, 015 331, 121 111,336 463, 714 345 23, 711 32, 264 36, 554 585, 170 13, 355 39. 891 707, 234 149, 053 879,998 346 11,458 8, 104 5, 437 261, 896 4,850 14, 003 294, 290 100, 242 405, 990 347 14, 103 4, 327 9, 759 221, 959 5, 369 22, 538 263, 952 109, 096 387,151 348 13,003 4, 450 5, 220 216, 311 3,895 26, 331 256, 207 83, 665 352,875 349 21,688 5, 015 5, 515 341,889 3, 977 24, 584 380, 980 127, 367 530,035 350 40, 034 27,665 578, 307 17, 710 31, 765 655, 447 170, 656 866, 137 351 12, 837 6,200 6,200 286, 583 7,987 29, 685 336, 655 125, 286 474, 778 352 8, 281 20, 324 5, 293 282, 247 4,742 18, 273 330, 879 114, 920 454, 080 353 17, 775 5,600 198, 435 2, 534 11, 577 218, 146 72, 731 308, 652 354 8,730 11,410 5,042 214, 249 3, 426 15, 040 249, 167 62, 191 320, 088 355 23. 312 16, 682 15, 252 549, 631 10, 805 20, 140 612, 510 128, 788 764, 610 356 45, 127 - 25, 918 616, 727 23, 331 38, 708 704, 684 246, 271 996, 082 357 13,080 4, 400 5, 800 302, 668 5, 935 20, 880 339, 683 108, 428 461, 191 358 3, 004, 737 712, 100 3, 897, 651 51,812, 446 543, 747 1, 979, 609 58, 945, 553 12, 616, 741 74, 567, 031 359 129, 985 13, 367 186, 453 3, 001, 188 12, 650 71, 906 3, 285, 564 637, 104 4, 052, 653 ,360 20, 323 4, 550 27, 750 328, 651 14, 112 375, 063 133, 462 528,848 1361 11,244 13, 574 389, 342 6, 864 409,780 72, 995 494, 019 362 14,444 2, 827 19, 350 293, 558 5, 100 4, 552 325, 387 48, 970 388, 801 363 16. 955 22, 597 327, 193 1,970 351, 760 87, 613 456, 328 364 16,312 3,000 24, 842 269, 941 4, 478 302, 261 82, 373 400, 946 365 9,598 11, 733 224. 213 _ 9, 234 245, 180 22, 153 276, 931 366 6, 192 7, 884 355. 735 3. .587 367, 206 32, 475 405, 873 367 12, 820 2,990 38, 061 383, 200 4. 200 17. 794 446, 245 56, 796 515, 861 368 12,662 20, 662 205, 316 3, 356 5, 714 235, 042 54, 242 301, 946 369 9,435 _ 224, 039 | 3, 601 227, 640 46, 025 283, 100 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 3*2 383 384 3*:. 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 1 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Da? Schools City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 4 41 120 653 28, 772 23, 790 176 Blytheville . 1 2 3 22 107 4,636 3, 512 2, 304 4, 715 2, 605 3,605 2, 489 4, 560 175 1 4 6 77 2, 770 5,298 2,957 4,707 2,987 5, 417 176 El Dorado 2 1 9 25 98 175 1 1 5 11 62 180 2 2 22 92 174 1 7 10 91 180 1 11 24 126 174 Georgia _ _ 12 6 55 171 1,060 38, 789 32, 999 180 1 5 13 67 2, 610 3, 411 3,748 2, 524 2,629 2,893 4, 037 3, 856 3, 647 5, 037 4,397 2,219 2, 765 180 Dalton.. . . . 1 8 12 94 180 1 1 9 14 112 3, 265 2, 073 2,263 2.477 180 Dublin . _ _ _ 1 3 14 65 180 1 4 9 77 180 Griffin . . . . . 1 2 2 16 80 180 Marietta _ 1 1 7 17 125 3, 918 3. 146 180 Moultrie.. . . 1 1 30 93 180 Thomasville. . . 1 1 5 15 96 3, 125 4, 054 180 Valdosta _ _ 2 1 8 12 128 180 Way cross . _ _ _ 1 3 19 123 3, 694 180 Kentucky _ ... _ 8 5 34 88 416 15, 087 13, 063 180 Bowling Green _ _ .. 1 5 6 13 68 2, 550 1,245 1,428 3, 048 2,286 3, 004 2,296 1,083 175 Fort Thomas. . 2 4 12 44 192 Frankfort . . . 1 2 15 45 1, 259 2, 569 192 Henderson . . . 1 7 14 83 174 Hopkinsville . 1 6 13 70 1,913 2,626 1, 317 181 Middlesborough . . 1 8 12 63 175 Richmond.. . 1 1 9 43 1, 526 192 Louisiana: Bogalusa . . . . 1 2 4 22 131 4,602 4, 340 180 Mississippi _ 12 4 57 109 746 28, 266 24, 487 179 Clarksdale.. . . 1 1 7 16 67 3,488 4, 958 3, 771 3, 997 2,242 2, 888 4, 183 3, 471 3, 469 180 Columbus _ 1 5 15 126 178 Greenwood _ _ 1 7 17 98 180 Gulfport.. _ _ _ . 3 3 9 13 118 180 McComb-. _ .. .. 1 6 9 58 1,794 178 Natchez _ ... ... .. 2 9 16 120 4, 294 2,607 2,909 3, 586 2, 410 2,686 180 Pascagoula _ _ 1 7 15 67 180 Tupelo 2 7 8 92 178 North Carolina _ 23 15 120 340 1,783 64, 377 58, 365 180 Albemarle _ 1 1 5 11 70 2, 391 3, 259 3, 102 6, 562 3, 943 2, 215 180 Concord .. . . 1 1 6 18 86 2,932 2, 769 180 Elizabeth City. _ _ _ 1 5 15 89 180 Gastonia.. . . . 1 3 10 47 168 5, 961 3, 658 3, 201 1,342 2, 784 3, 267 1,544 180 Kinston. . . . . 1 5 18 111 180 Lexington _ _ _ 1 1 6 17 89 3,408 1,445 180 Monroe _ ... _ 1 2 3 45 180 Reidsville _ _ _ 1 1 9 20 80 3, 029 3, 721 1,739 3, 317 180 Salisbury _ _ 2 8 24 110 180 Sanford _ 1 4 4 54 180 Statesville _ _ _ _ 2 1 7 15 92 2, 910 180 Thomasville . . . 1 1 5 12 76 2,710 25, 751 2, 436 64, 377 180 Other cities _ _ 9 6 48 136 713 180 footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teacher and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $107, 532 $13, 181 $129, 468 $1, 655, 057 $25, 537 $35, 173 $1,858, 416 $439, 737 $2, 405, 685 371 13, 957 6,281 7, 268 256, 552 2,636 1,580 274, 317 65, 541 353, 815 372 8, 989 11, 160 159, 809 3, 849 174, 818 25, 356 209, 163 373 29, 945 4, 400 33', 709 396' 440 9,094 7, 157 450, 800 89, 613 570, 358 374 10, 900 2, 500 13, 221 163, 160 5, 588 15, 022 199, 491 58, 178 268, 569 375 19, 149 10, 440 216, 514 171, 137 1,644 228, 598 61, 965 309, 712 376 13, 117 18' 540 1,271 190, 948 44, 054 248, 119 377 11, 475 35i 130 29i; 445 8, 219 4, 650 339, 444 95, 030 445, 949 ]378 184, 180 28, 248 230, 378 3, 426, 476 4, 053 164, 646 3, 853, 801 842, 258 4,880,239 379 10, 250 21, 583 203, 148 5,745 230, 476 39, 252 279, 978 380 12' 842 31, 200 279; 780 4, 935 315, 915 27, 177 355, 934 381 22, 737 6, 062 40, 392 352; 119 43, 171 441, 744 91, 794 556, 275 382 12, 197 12, 395 187, 281 2,700 2, 390 204, 766 92, 144 309, 107 16, 073 13, 017 249, 081 9,801 271, 899 52, 230 340, 202 384 22, 051 16, 886 10; 000 289; 694 1, 353 13, 742 325, 675 63, 739 411,465 385 15, 563 3,830 30,800 417, 686 13, 271 465, 587 116, 658 597, 808 3S6 16, 311 5, 000 366, 684 23, 229 394, 913 79, 580 490, 804 1387 12, 645 3, 420 18, 900 304, 614 27, 371 354, 305 112, 954 479, 904 388 18,335 4,050 33, 510 380, 757 5,240 423, 557 100, 216 542, 108 389 25, 176 13, 581 395, 632 15, 751 424, 964 66, 514 516,654 390 104, 934 13,340 115, 601 1, 249, 559 8, 228 37, 807 1, 424, 535 345, 953 1, 875, 422 391 16, 704 13, 340 16,008 183, 241 4,634 217, 223 47, 771 281, 698 392 17 699 18, 100 190, 228 2,495 7, 941 218, 764 62, 495 298, 958 393 15, 627 11, 000 154, 912 346 4, 397 170, 655 50, 689 236, 971 394 14, 309 23, 021 241, 500 3, 162 5,047 272, 730 56, 556 343, 595 395 11, 619 16, 713 173, 923 9,398 200, 034 54, 121 265, 774 396 16, 613 27, 603 170, 409 4, 640 202, 652 45, 623 264, 888 397 12, 363 3, 156 135, 346 2, 225 1, 750 142, 477 28, 698 183, 538 398 399 24,447 9,633 18, 274 466, 980 24,201 519, 088 187, 598 731, 133 400 167, 685 17, 365 174, 098 1, 920, 006 27, 212 92, 133 2, 230, 814 468, 891 2, 867, 390 401 28, 069 5, 095 23,987 199, 947 5, 319 12, 547 246, 895 59, 498 334, 462 402 20, 957 15, 146 280, 331 2, 470 8, 573 306, 520 62, 704 390, 181 403 17, 071 24, 290 270, 201 3, 021 15, 231 312, 743 62, 917 392, 731 404 28, 978 12, 270 27, 607 294, 779 1,682 16, 188 352, 526 47, 375 428, 879 405 10, 151 18, 299 137, 389 1,236 3, 460 160, 384 29, 428 199, 963 406 26, 110 23, 424 316, 011 5,044 21, 780 366, 259 99, 026 491, 395 407 21, 149 21, 345 219, 448 8,440 7, 554 256, 787 39, 943 317, 879 408 15, 200 20,000 201, 900 6, 800 228, 700 68, 000 311, 900 409 295, 772 64, 582 582, 958 6, 922, 253 44, 942 206, 885 7, 821, 620 1, 435, 228 9, 552, 620 410 14,062 4, 286 24, 779 265, 397 1,765 13, 829 310, 056 60, 906 385, 024 411 9, 802 4, 985 28, 830 337, 345 1,125 9, 218 381, 503 24, 791 416, 096 412 13, 337 25, 017 340, 377 2, 100 14, 133 381, 627 73, 390 468, 354 413 16, 593 12, 380 54, 579 675, 714 6, 794 24, 372 773, 839 138, 151 928, 583 414 18, 624 26, 522 421, 898 2, 300 11, 008 461, 728 147, 140 627, 492 1415 14, 840 3, 530 31, 104 364, 360 1,473 10, 073 410, 540 62, 727 488, 107 416 9, 582 8, 970 149, 642 4, 638 163, 250 23, 210 196, 042 417 13, 095 4, 239 38, 627 337, 297 64, 524 394, 687 96, 626 504, 408 418 22, 128 38, 662 446, 819 10, 083 9,258 504, 822 98, 909 625, 859 419 10, 119 17, 392 166, 279 781 184, 452 39, 361 233, 932 420 17, 328 ; 5, 240 34, 466 365, 994 1, 325 8, 350 415, 375 72,142 504, 845 421 17,953 4,089 20, 827 282, 230 3, 947 311, 093 23, 784 352, 830 422 118, 309 25, 833 233, 183 | 2, 768, 901 1 17,977 82, 754 3, 128, 648 574, 091 2, 821,048 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru Staff 1 tio 9 Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Oklahoma _ 24 17 115 384 1, 517 58, 463 48, 263 177 Ardmore _ _ 3 1 7 27 83 3, 515 2,944 178 Duncan _ _ . _ 1 1 5 19 91 3, 772 3, 059 180 Durant _ _ _ ._ . 1 5 18 54 2,228 1,779 180 El Reno . . _ . ... 1 1 8 16 72 2, 811 2,178 178 Guthrie _ .... 1 1 7 14 80 2, 414 2, 054 177 McAlester. ... . 1 1 2 31 93 3,643 3, 083 177 Miami _ ... 1 7 15 66 2, 819 2, 329 178 Okmulgee _ ... 1 9 26 86 3, 469 2,935 177 Ponca City . 2 3 9 26 157 5, 049 4, 350 176 Sapulpa _ _ . _ _ 2 4 6 26 80 3, 419 2,688 178 Shawnee. _ 1 10 27 131 5, 104 4,110 175 Stillwater _ .. .. 2 6 26 78 3,031 2, 554 176 Other cities. . . . . 7 5 34 113 446 17, 189 14, 200 177 South Carolina.. 8 14 41 192 1,141 39, 686 33, 302 180 Anderson _ _ . .. 1 6 12 55 284 9, 210 7,285 180 Florence . . 1 2 7 27 176 6, 191 5,202 180 Greenwood. _ _ 1 7 29 151 4,893 4, 480 179 Orangeburg _ 2 3 5 31 169 5, 729 4, 824 180 Rock Hill _ 1 5 25 163 6, 045 5, 103 180 Sumter _ 2 3 5 25 198 7, 618 6,408 180 Tennessee . . 8 5 48 148 645 22, 320 19, 627 177 Bristol _ 1 2 10 20 112 3,687 3,208 179 Clarksville _ .. 1 4 29 89 3, 349 2, 889 176 Cleveland _ . 1 1 6 15 62 2, 256 2, 023 176 Dyersburg... _ . . 1 6 15 69 2, 454 2,205 177 Elizabethton _ 1 1 6 10 57 1,799 1,602 175 Kingsport _ . 1 6 33 136 4, 373 3, 837 178 Morristown . 1 8 21 80 2, 920 2,639 175 Murfreesboro .. 1 1 2 5 40 1,482 1,224 178 Texas _ 71 72 322 1, 348 4, 863 181, 648 152, 184 176 Alice... ... 1 2 7 33 95 4,230 3,638 175 Borger 7 _ 2 3 6 53 153 5, 848 4, 861 175 Brownwood . . ... 4 2 9 27 98 3, 445 2, 787 175 Bryan 6 _ 2 1 6 24 97 3,635 3, 142 175 Cleburne... _ . 1 2 4 26 86 3,013 2,681 175 Corsicana . . ... 1 1 5 22 106 3, 784 3, 313 175 Denison . . 1 1 4 34 100 3, 374 3,203 175 Gainesville _ ... 3 1 7 16 65 2,286 2, 048 176 Greenville . 2 2 9 30 77 3, 073 2, 914 176 Lamesa _ ... 1 2 4 24 102 3,645 2,939 175 Longview . 1 2 12 41 157 4,712 4, 469 178 Lufkin _ 2 2 9 30 125 4, 423 3, 761 175 Marshall _ _ 1 1 11 33 178 5,319 4, 778 178 McKinney.. _ _ 1 1 7 20 73 2, 621 2,262 175 Mercedes _ .. . 1 3 14 65 2, 645 2, 017 177 Midland _ ... . 4 2 9 49 174 8, 570 6,039 175 New Braunfels _ 1 1 4 25 46 1,814 1,553 177 Palestine _ . 1 1 3 35 79 3,164 2,681 175 Pampa _ 1 1 7 36 130 4, 398 3, 865 176 Plainview _ . .. 2 2 5 35 102 4, 623 3, 433 175 Sherman. _ _ _ 1 2 8 29 117 4, 067 3, 370 176 Sweetwater. _ . 1 2 6 25 83 3,156 2, 598 176 Terrell _ 1 1 5 15 56 2,306 1,943 176 Texarkana ... .. _ 1 3 13 22 137 5, 139 4, 408 176 Vernon . . 1 1 7 19 72 3, 347 2, 259 175 Other cities . . . 33 33 151 631 2,290 85, 011 71, 222 176 See footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total 5 six Adminis- Salaries and wages 1 Four * ma¬ major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) tration Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure jor ac¬ counts 10 11 1? 13 14 15 16 17 18 $293, 457 $86,552 $486, 967 $5, 898, 024 $80, 705 $220,533 $6, 772, 781 $1, 577, 220 ' $8,643,458 21,845 3, 550 33,590 329,806 5, 160l 24, 817 396,923 62,348 481, 116 19, 328 3, 525 21,250 354,299 4,200 6,872 390, 146 51, 120 460, 594 12, 769 21, 100 238, 048 2,800 14, 645 276, 593 29,910 319, 272 13, 194 4, 250 30,250 272, 636 2,250 7, 005 316, 391 75, 725 405, 310 9, 241 5, 525 25,855 246, 113 4, 5001 20,448 302, 441 71,995 383, 677 16, 631 6, 356 11, 905 354, 817 3, 109 10, 757 386, 944 120, 148 523, 723 10, 552 26,580 258,225 6, 850 6,660 298, 315 64,066 372, 933 10, 516 31,422 17,900 35,000 45, 129 340, 216 651, 855 16, 359 22,026 23,643 397,242 754,886 76,206 240,270 483,964 1, 026, 578 19, 328 20,000 37,240 302, 838 - . -| 2, 541 362, 619 82, 956 464,903 29, 973 32,500 471, 383 11, 750 11,279 526, 912 150, 875 707, 760 12,382 86, 276 25,446 23,400 143, 168 343, 769 1, 734, 019 23, 727, 5,003 64, 837 372, 172 1, 991, 197 87, 898 463,703 472, 452 2, 541, 176 154, 168 47, 476 150,544 3,544,135 27,584 182, 532 3, 952, 271 772, 062 4, 878, 501 24,513 15,373 30,000 800,730 10,744 16, 645 873, 492 132,963 1, 030, 968 13, 835 8,000 29,200 560,053 32,027 629,280 133, 321 776, 436 18,156 24, 799 10,500 29, 456 17,129 468,336 474,431 7,365 20, 011 33,559 517, 803 542, 984 99, 382 108, 755 635, 341 676, 538 48, 002 24,863 13,603 25,800 18, 959 534, 870 705, 715 9, 475 58, 121 22, 169 618, 791 769, 921 183, 195 114,446 849, 988 909, 230 104, 929 22,142 171, 110 2, 133, 106 22, 655 101, 647 2, 450, 660 582,680 3, 138, 269 13, 772 11,127 41,563 390, 457 3, 188 16,653 462,988 73,086 549,846 18, 205 13,500 303, 921 3,490 14, 864 335, 775 86, 925 440, 905 12, 635 4,500 22,800 170, 305 3, 121 5, 059 205,785 47, 573 265, 993 9, 957 15,000 172, 889 315 3, 439 191,643 53,580 255,180 11,064 3,000 18,000 164, 351 400 7,859 193, 610 42, 812 247, 486 20, 542 30, 671 583,313 9,643 37,286 660, 913 208, 405 889,860 12, 437 24,000 242, 313 2, 028 11,241 279, 582 48,456 340, 475 6, 317; 3, 515 5,576 105, 557 470 5, 246 120, 364 21,843 148, 524 1, 321, 361 330, 981 1, 483, 502 19, 260, 075 247,231 678, 570 22, 000, 359 4,750,299 28,072,019 46, 995 9,214 28,200 453, 105 886 23, 025 514,430 131,995 693,420 42, 778 15, 510 33, 891 625,650 14, 183 39, 146 728,380 481, 955 264, 665 1, 035, 823 19, 210 9, 425 36, 390 423, 140 4,050 8, 950 61,000 562, 165 17,753 4,540 33, 436 343, 813 4,814 10, 414 397, 017 68, 696 483,466 25, 110 9,000 14, 476 361, 893 945 10, 321 396, 635 50,546 472, 291 28, 508 3,690 29, 346 386, 982 3,554 17, 776 441, 348 73, 236 543, 092 28, 257 4, 858 13. 693 427, 003 3, 502 10, 176 459, 232 130, 607 618, 096 18,809 4,240 27,969 271,684 3, 570 11, 269 318, 732 78, 253 415, 794 22,500 9,140 39, 725 383, 034 3,300 8,500 443,699 79, 392 545, 591 31,987 9, 320 19, 306 346, 441 5,400 26. 562 407, 029 130, 470 569, 486 47, 820 8,500 73,000 553,000 6,000 7,000 647,500 122, 730 818, 050 19,600 8.899 27, 159 430, 763 7, 107 473, 928 78, 981 572,509 18, 191 4, 360 47, 326 571, 458 6, 102 20, 393 649, 639 100, 893 1 768,723 21, 555 3, 820 28,700 290, 030 3, 278 5, 732 331,560 52, 758 405, 873 19,840 46, 725 10,000 16, 070 52, 410 222, 020 690, 454 19, 741 7, 510 27, 705 245,600 800,310 37, 245 , 160,388 302,685 1, 007, 423 14,164 4,380 22, 857 223,480 5, 162 10, 011 265,890 40, 245 320,299 22, 470 3,760 13, 740 366, 551 3, 750 21, 518 v 409, 319 66, 359! 498, 148 40,064 5,626 44,507 578,648 11, 478 15, 497 655,756 181, 668; 877, 488 35, 223 9,587 23, 124 432, 575 5,301 34,998 505,585 133, 310 674, 118 44, 212 10,286 41, 118 487,534 20, 276 559, 214 124, 619! 728,045 23,486 7,940 31, 003 314, 274 2,701 5, 202 361, 120 55, 752 440, 358 18, 188 30,293 4, 300 19, 610 222,480 470 5,781 252, 641 45, 042 315, 871 11, 067 49, 314 565,985 14,433 6, 925 647, 724 194, 794 872, 811 19,226 4,620 22,853 274, 363 1,800 6,312 309, 948 63, 515 392, 689 618, 397 154,899 694, 279 9, 013, 715 115, 704 317, 571 10, 296, 168 2, 223, 140 13, 137, 705 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 432 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 48K 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel \ attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Virginia _ 10 17 42 162 732 23, 168 20,878 180 Bristol. ... ... ... . . ... 1 2 8 22 97 3, 255 2,988 180 Fredericksburg _ ... . .. 1 2 4 15 60 1,823 1,659 180 Harrisonburg ... _ .. ... 1 2 4 9 61 1,726 1,535 180 Martinsville. . . . 2 4 5 32 110 3,542 3,115 180 South Norfolk _ 1 1 5 21 123 4, 272 3,847 180 Staunton _ .. _ 1 1 3 15 60 1,900 1,748 180 Suffolk... . ... _ 1 1 6 14 74 2,122 1,947 180 Waynesboro.. ... ..... 1 1 4 16 75 2, 275 1,941 180 Winchester.. ------ - _ 1 3 3 18 72 2,253 2,098 182 WEST _ _ _ 277 276 856 4, 558 12, 024 495, 832 433, 478 177 Arizona: Mesa _ _ _ 3 1 7 67 126 6, 465 5,384 165 California _ ... . 195 174 536 2,706 7,334 307, 632 273, 267 174 Albany _ _ _ 3 1 7 29 97 2,805 2,244 177 Anaheim. . . . . 2 5 6 13 61 2, 671 2, 226 173 Antioch . . . . 2 1 6 32 80 3,274 3, 031 177 Azusa . . . 1 1 37 16 1,207 966 178 Burlingame. _ .. 2 2 8 12 66 2, 468 2, 381 171 Chula Vista _ 2 4 9 7 132 4, 975 3, 822 176 Colton. _ _ _ 1 3 5 30 77 3, 786 3,011 173 Coronado.. _ . 5 1 3 21 88 2, 372 1,977 178 Culver City. _ 4 1 8 41 102 4,607 3, 753 178 El Centro: Elementary District 1 6 78 2, 512 2, 029 170 High School District _ 2 1 16 15 1, 011 809 171 Fullerton: Elementary District _ 1 2 5 6 67 2, 721 2, 307 173 High School District _ 1 5 2 32 30 1,769 1,515 174 Hawthorne _ _ 2 7 10 116 4, 336 3, 919 170 Hayward: Elementary District 8 _ 3 7 17 121 3, 790 3, 619 173 High School District _ 5 4 2 99 70 4, 232 3, 565 176 Hermosa Beach _ 2 4 35 1,875 1,367 176 Madera _ _ _ _ _ 2 4 24 66 3, 067 2, 814 176 Manhattan Beach _ _ _ 2 4 4 9 78 2, 917 2,797 174 Merced: Elementary District . 1 8 32 84 3, 474 3, 285 171 High School District . 1 3 2 38 36 2, 167 1,772 170 Modesto 8 _ 8 6 15 132 281 10, 746 10, 127 171 Monrovia (High School Dist.). 1 2 43 46 2,002 1,602 172 Montebello. _ _ 7 6 30 136 378 16, 454 14, 085 176 Monterey7 . . . 2 2 10 65 59 5, 997 5,607 175 Napa (Elementary Dist.) _ 1 5 4 65 2, 250 2,122 179 National City (Elem. Dist.).. 1 4 4 90 3, 557 2, 964 175 Ontario: Elementary District _ 2 6 10 8 136 5, 529 4,771 172 High School District _ 1 1 2 66 42 3, 512 2,808 172 Orange: Elementary District _ 1 5 4 38 1, 362 1,232 174 High School District _ 2! 2 17 14 805 694 171 Oxnard: Elementary District . 2 6 7 11 104 3,934 3, 393 179 High School District. ... 2 1 3 17 34 1,602 1,480 179 Petaluma (Elementary Dist.) . 1 4 6 31 64 2, 628! 2,159 175 Piedmont. . 3 3 32 48 2, 528 : 2, 025 175 San Marino (Elementary Dist.) . 1 3 4 3 60 1,905 1,856 176 Santa Clara.. . . 1 3 20 58 3,021 2, 658 170 Santa Paula (Elementary Dist.). 1 4 20 54 2,200 1,890 180 Santa Rosa.. . _ ..... 1 6 11 59 142 5, 304 5, 166 171 South Pasadena _ l| 4 o| 35 71 2, 935| 2,672 177 footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52— Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $116, 287 $65, 233 $168, 298 $2, 335, 587 $42, 950 $163, 576 $2, 775, 644 $577, 711 $3, 469, 642 10, 770 7, 500 28, 988 293, 000 3, 150 17, 798 350, 436 88, 577 449, 783 12, 688 6, 575 13, 879 195, 124 12, 120 227, 698 33, 951 274, 337 10, 371 8, 293 17, 100 197, 92C 4, 868 5, 696 233, 877 45, 453 289, 701 21, 472 19, 100 23, 305 424, 164 13, 030 23, 612 503, 211 96, 416 621, 099 22, 069 3, 300 22, 389 350, 38£ 7, 821 61, 234 445, 133 102, 988 570, 190 8, 939 3, 300 11, 967 188, 537 6, 985 9, 627 220, 416 50, 752 280, 107 9, 179 3, 046 21,236 211, 597 1, 446 7,281 244, 606 47, 186 300, 971 9,379 3,800 17, 200 246, 701 14, 339 282, 040 68, 779 360, 198 11,420 10, 319 12, 234 228, 155 5, 650 11, 869 268, 227 43, 609 323, 256 4, 074, 057 1, 437, 040 4, 595, 699 64, 463, 068 1, 774, 097 5, 880, 980 78, 150, 884 24, 751, 956 106, 976, 897 49, 068 7,585 42, 310 738, 407 28, 653 74, 628 891, 583 290, 778 1, 231, 429 2, 848, 011 960, 890 3, 069, 547 41, 429, 465 1, 361, 938 3, 996, 813 50, 818, 653 15, 564, 895 69, 231, 559 27, 871 6,000 35, 000 506, 618 15, 802 54, 686 618, 106 182, 504 828, 481 26, 023 22, 550 29, 500 274, 140 850 14,088 341, 128 99, 926 467, 077 26, 972 7,000 38, 700 486, 614 26, 706 34, 572 593, 592 176, 407 796, 971 15, 459 5, 000 232, 108 8, 150 34, 804 280, 062 89, 181 384, 702 30, 244 11, 000 40, 632 341, 110 1,320 19, 836 413, 898 95, 463 539, 605 34, 420 26, 440 47, 440 494, 066 18, 150 32, 743 618, 839 177, 401 830, 660 17, 863 15, 713 26, 859 348, 170 6, 386 24, 877 422, 005 64, 632 504, 500 24, 975 5, 500 17, 800 376, 850 14, 450 27, 400 442, 000 88, 591 555, 566 47, 063 4, 623 41, 600 593,002 27, 385 31, 769 698, 379 231, 298 976, 740 28, 226 40, 225 468, 000 13, 365 41, 050 562, 640 173, 340 764, 206 21, 185 6, 369 179, 127 27, 897 213, 393 107, 242 341, 820 21, 082 9,000 27, 850 292, 988 30, 000 31, 992 391, 830 115, 292 528, 204 22, 522 30, 000 14, 110 361, 633 35, 103 440, 836 178, 397 641, 755 22, 258 41, 000 503, 207 31, 291 575, 498 141, 616 739, 372 27, 838 40, 780 425, 311 12, 063 45, 425 523, 579 109, 174 660, 591 88, 052 20, 000 10, 000 819, 039 35, 893 100, 337 985, 269 448, 728 1,522, 049 ! 21, 378 23, 179 176, 934 6, 992 15, 841 222, 946 79, 138 323, 462 18, 420 20, 500 342, 500 8, 350 28, 000 399, 350 88, 980 506. 750 29, 296 20, 000 20, 000 287, 253 11, 248 24, 476 362, 977 125, 764 518, 037 12, 405 44, 215 355, 150 7,504 37, 942 444, 811 113, 896 571, 112 21, 932 18, 000 12, 000 325, 971 10, 050 36, 416 402, 437 142, 330 566, 699 91, 656 38, 159 104, 757 1, 414, 436 98, 767 123, 348 1, 779, 467 587, 047 2, 458, 170 34, 207 13, 450 418, 452 36, 453 71,375 539, 730 195, 102 769, 039 134, 743 41, 822 193, 631 2, 078, 231 103, 048 200, 752 2, 617, 484 741, 866 3, 494, 093 26, 036 17, 550 50, 016 591, 767 34, 108 40, 193 733, 634 201, 081 960, 751 12, 542 26, 100 260, 735 1,830 18, 250 306, 915 99, 943 419, 400 , 21, 568 21, 696 373, 696 8, 585 20, 911 424, 888 73, 338 519, 794 , 30, 893 20,600 50, 200 542, 923 26, 333 640, 056 165, 267 836, 216 , 21, 162 5,400 11, 500 567, 770 20,000 50, 589 655, 259 236, 667 913, 088 . 11, 805 24,000 162, 270 8, 752 195, 022 62, 147 268, 974 , 10, 235 10, 600 143, 641 10, 000 25, 444 189, 685 79, 664 279, 584 J 35,428 27, 500 36, 700 367, 401 27, 619 459, 220 141, 476 636, 124 l 32, 318 4,800 17, 500 229, 500 4, 300 78, 517 334, 617 183, 267 550, 202 l 27, 167 26, 000 39, 000 600, 313 8, 000 70, 813 744, 126 227, 351 998, 644 J 30, 153 17, 551 354, 840 19, 198 19, 376 410, 965 112, 613 553,7314 16, 817 13, 780 23, 340 265, 143 10, 920 23, 488 336, 671 110, 973 464, 4614 23,497 17, 189 372, 274 46, 947 436, 410 231, 825 691,7324 15, 807 20, 150 268, 118 7, 826 14, 579 310, 673 82, 260 408, 740 l 37, 751 33, 000 66, 000 751, 949 20, 620 70, 825 942, 394 236, 501 1, 216, 646 l 46, 597 20, 800 51,900 530, 000 99, 290 701, 990 184, 654 933, 2414 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 326602-55- 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 California— Continued 535 2 8 27 90 5,386 4, 388 176 536 Torrance.-. . . 5 2 12 60 144. 6, 108 6, 004 174 Tulare: 537 1 6 9 99 3, 221 2, 921 170 538 High School District _ 2 3 2 28 29 1,566 1,342 170 Ventura: 539 Elementary District _ 1 1 5 5 57 1,762 1,715 178 540 High School District 7 _ 3 5 3 59 69 2,059 1,828 178 541 Visalia 6 _ _ _ . 8 2 9 55 116 4, 921 4, 491 173 542 1 5 33 76 3, 109 2, 782 178 543 Whittier _ 3 _ 4 11 35 152 4,857 4, 759 175 544 Other cities _ _ _ _ 85 76 235 1.183 3,203 134, 336 120, 517 173 545 Colorado _ 11 5 39 199 577 20. 874 18, 905 180 546 2 7 33 108 3, 987 3,598 180 547 Boulder _ 2 1 8 28 105 3, 311 3,124 178 548 Englewood _ _ 1 1 7 44 103 4, 106 3,834 180 549 Fort Collins 1 4 35 88 3, 233 3, 101 180 550 Greeley - - 4 1 6 40 101 4, 201 3, 256 180 551 Trinidad.. _ _ 1 2 7 19 72 2, 036 1,992 180 552 Idaho _ 10 4 29 226 541 24, 488 20, 903 174 553 Caldwell _ 1 4 14 61 2, 409 2,042 172 554 Coeur d’Alene 1 2 31 67 3,042 2, 699 l 173 555 Idaho Falls _ _ 2 2 2 65 111 5, 709 4, 956 * 172 556 Lewiston _ 2 1 7 31 73 3, 386 2,749 177 557 Moscow . _ 1 3 12 42 1,319 1,222 174 558 Nampa _ 1 1 6 39 87 4, 228 3, 557 173 559 Twin Falls _ 2 5 34 100 4, 395 3, 678 176 560 Montana _ 6 8 26 115 349 11,949 10, 553 181 561 Anaconda _ _ 1 4 17 54 1,768 1,604 180 Bozeman: 562 Elementary District 6 _ 1 4 4 4 56 1,448 1,314 180 563 High School District 1 1 16 13 614 575 181 564 Helena.. _ _ - _ 1 5 33 83 3, 062 2, 670 182 Missoula: 565 Elementary District _ 1 4 11 17 120 3, 720 3,200 182 566 High School District... . 1 1 28 23 1,337 1,190 182 567 Nevada: 1 568 Las Vegas _ _ 1 2 12 63 282 8, 773 6,085 175 569 New Mexico _ 6 4 37 168 463 19, 910 15, 696 180 570 Carlsbad _ _ _ 3 2 11 52 148 6,793 5, 455 180 571 Clovis . _ 1 8 35 108 4,099 3,419 1801 572 Hobbs 1 9 51 111 4, 979 3, 562 180 573 Las Cruces. .- _ . 1 2 9 30 96 4,039 3, 260 180 574 Oregon _ _ 10 30 44 295 662 24, 998 21,729 180 575 Albany. _ _ 1 4 4 35 68 2, 462 2, 261 176! 576 Astoria. . . _ 1 3 5 19 63 1,762 1,608 1791 577 Bend _ 1 2 3 33 71 2. 528 2, 046 181 578 Corvallis _ 1 2 5 37 62 2, 827 2, 496 186 579 Klamath Falls _ 1 8 8 59 107 4, 028 3,314 183 580 Medford _ 2 3 6 45 113 4,086 3,648 180 581 Pendleton _ _ 1 5 5 29 48 1,997 1,742 177 582 Springfield. . . _ 2 3 — 8 38 130 5, 308 4, 614 182 See footnotes at end of group III of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four 4 ma¬ jor ac¬ counts Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $23, 399 $44, 800 $514, 233 $50, 426 $609, 459 $143, 138 $775, 996 535 68, 421 $11,985 76; 243 793; 610 $40, 869 92, 251 1, 014, 958 335, 504 1, 418, 883 536 25, 376 26, 400 392, 534 34, 794 453, 728 126, 014 605, 118 537 18i 623 15, 300 10, 500 295, 133 24,806 345, 739 138, 363 502, 725 538 18, 932 5, 550 30, 800 264, 673 4,226 17, 245 322, 494 110, 151 451, 577 539 77, 305 35, 000 24, 000 875, 245 13, 500 114, 394 1, 062, 139 318, 978 1, 458, 422 540 33, 235 9,125 42, 675 704, 957 22, 164 55, 522 834, 443 258, 083 1, 125, 761 541 32, 821 33, 026 440, 784 24, 269 54, 382 552, 461 167, 872 753, 154 542 59, 452 18, 784 61, 682 560, 370 23, 424 38, 440 702, 700 182, 591 944, 743 543 124, 458 419, 909 1,341,392 18, 104, 676 595, 167 1, 746, 607 22, 207, 751 6, 801, 859 30, 254, 191 544 131, 255 23,730 171, 062 2, 194, 030 27,863 132, 719 2, 549, 404 798, 168 3, 478, 827 545 16, 881 20, 512 243, 995 9, 774 274, 281 93,864 385, 026 546 25, 500 6, 529 35; 561 43L 624 9, 297 36, 467 519, 478 167, 830 712, 808 547 18, 769 5,801 38, 704 443, 862 35, 582 523, 949 136, 218 678, 936 548 19, 670 18, 990 374, 839 6, 461 11,146 411, 436 141, 909 573, 015 549 35, 198 4,400 31, 383 469, 905 10, 105 27, 573 543, 366 201, 140 779, 704 550 15, 237 7,000 25, 912 229, 805 2, 000 12, 177 276, 894 57, 207 349,338 551 117, 209 18, 024 124, 085 2, 269, 585 36, 543 156, 484 2, 604, 721 908, 931 3, 630, 861 552 12,426 14, 563 205, 549 2,124 13, 247 235, 483 70, 983 318, 892 553 11, 856 8, 870 282, 288 3,964 13, 591 308, 713 117, 492 438, 061 554 29, 136 9, 039 9, 553 512, 904 6, 250 39, 290 577, 036 224, 869 831, 041 555 19, 376 4,685 27, 635 353, 041 7, 773 40, 671 433, 805 158, 617 611,798 556 9,593 12, 483 161, 382 3,867 5,831 183, 563 75, 005 268, 161 557 14, 016 4,300 23, 635 361, 454 8, 957 22, 909 421, 255 113, 572 548, 843 558 20,806 27, 346 392, 967 3,608 20, 945 444, 866 148, 393 614, 065 559 110, 340 26, 120 123, 368 1, 598, 410 15, 747 128, 214 1, 891, 859 698, 892 2, 701, 091 560 19, 150 29, 565 256, 235 2. 550 13,500 301, 850 113, 093 434, 093 561 12, 592 13,300 13, 000 156, 700 13, 775 196, 775 40, 702 250, 069 562 2, 020 6, 720 117, 897 5,000 2, 800 132, 417 49, 849 184, 286 563 25, 982 27, 357 442, 633 8, 197 43, 787 521, 974 203, 360 751,316 564 23,002 12, 820 38, 726 434, 784 . . - 39, 742 526, 072 168, 383 717, 457 565 27, 594 8, 000 190, 161 14, 610 212, 771 123, 505 363, 870 566 567 28, 185 9,904 63,300 1, 290, 645 15, 000 86, 122 1, 464, 971 204, 578 1, 697, 734 568 59, 740 20, 450 174, 085 2, 150, 730 49, 451 196,581 2, 591, 297 679, 453 3, 330, 490 569 22, 400 10, 780 63, 728 811, 274 21, 850 15, 200 922, 832 275, 142 1, 220, 374 570 7,500 28, 950 506, 652 6, 720 14, 932 557, 254 164, 647 729, 401 571 20, 843 44, 622 546, 074 15, 381 156, 141 762, 218 168, 325 951, 386 572 8, 997 9, 670 36, 785 286, 730 5,500 10, 308 348,993 71, 339 429, 329 573 171, 764 143, 196 209, 363 3, 747, 066 60, 518 342, 765 4, 502, 908 1, 632, 698 6, 307, 370 574 21, 346 18, 000 20, 100 383, 424 8, 054 32,443 462, 021 141, 612 624, 979 575 20, 472 12, 900 23, 192 313, 918 3, 872 33, 990 387, 872 129, 993 538, 337 576 15,563 11,625 17, 400 437, 189 7,072 31,233 504, 519 142, 147 662, 229 577 20, 477 10, 200 26, 610 392, 393 5, 149 31,714 466, 066 152, 035 638, 578 578 31, 022 39, 262 40,000 779, 020 50, 277, 908, 559 289, 592 1, 229, 173 579 23, 350 13, 500 30, 473 615, 115 13,962 60, 798 733, 848 231, 785 988, 983 580 21, 576 25,000 21, 588 275, 202 3,944 39, 581 365, 315 111,730 498, 621 581 17, 958 12, 709 30,000 550, 805 18, 465 62, 729 674, 708 433, 804 1, 126, 470 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 rooi or i 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Utah: Logan. . . . . . 2 3 7 37 62 3,059 2, 867 175 Washington _ 28 32 93 563 1,232 53, 508 46, 388 179 Aberdeen 7 ... . . . 2 2 8 62 83 4,402 3, 758 180 Hoquiam _ _ .. . . 2 2 6 21 59 2,491 2, 208 180 Kennewick _ 3 5 5 35 82 3, 754 3, 497 180 Longivew 7 . . . . . 2 2 10 67 123 5, 558 5,111 180 Olympia _ . . . . 1 3 8 49 99 4, 604 3, 882 180 Pasco _ _ _ _ ... 2 2 3 28 54 2, 370 2, 187 180 Port Angeles. . . 4 1 5 29 71 3,066 2, 900 180 Pullman . . . 1 3 4 20 36 1,474 1,234 180 Puyallup . . 7 39 65 3, 445 2,878 171 Renton _ _ _ 3 6 9 49 153 6, 424 5, 468 180 Richland _ _ 4 11 75 199 7, 051 5, 885 182 Walla Walla _ _ _ 2 6 10 44 99 4,203 3, 562 180 Wenatchee 7. _ _ 2 7 45 109 4, 666 3,818 180 Wyoming _ 5 13 26 119 396 14, 176 11, 701 178 Casper 7 _ 2 12 13 49 200 6, 852 5, 394 182 Laramie . . . 1 5 24 62 2, 594 2, 081 176 Rock Springs . . . 1 2 20 67 2, 363 1,980 178 Sheridan . . . . 1 1 6 26 67 2,367 2,246 177 Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular class¬ ed instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided that half nore than half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. The actual number of days in the school year that children were provided instruction. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 24,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Total 5 six Adminis- Salaries and wages Four 4 ma¬ major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) tration Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 4 5 6 7 Total in¬ structional expenditure jor ac¬ counts 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $19, 739 $13, 008 $31, 152 $324, 948 $4, 510 $43, 501 $417, 119 $143, 335 $580, 193 583 584 439, 701 163, 245 468, 473 6, 877, 928 170, 067 601, 750 8, 281, 463 3, 123, 393 11, 844, 557 585 26, 658 12, 494 40, 250 519, 170 16, 032 49, 323 637, 269 218, 088 882, 015 586 18, 643 10, 588 28, 484 305, 721 4,980 8, 940 18, 600 368, 373 125, 215 512, 231 587 44, 824 19, 830 22, 140 454, 232 44, 895: 550, 037 301, 992 896, 853 588 45, 284 16, 562 56, 246 777, 055 27, 177 57, 110 934, 150 306, 668 1, 286, 102 589 24, 975 11, 530 38, 210 598, 299 15, 609 49, 160 712, 808 268, 195 1, 005, 978 590 18, 575 7, 400 19, 950 306, 231 10, 754 41, 054 385, 389 167, 373 571, 337 591 22, 052 9,000 23, 182 410, 433 4, 280 37, 274 484, 169 189, 182 695, 403 592 11, 975 21, 010 21, 410 177, 495 3, 100 20, 300 243, 315 76, 793 332, 083 593 17, 616 26, 023 343, 007 5,029 30, 124 404, 183 192, 435 614, 234 594 79, 997 27, 611 52,128 799, 505 24, 348 79, 303 982, 895 346, 710 1, 409, 602 595 72, 246 58, 350 1, 036, 816 26, 708 82, 539 1, 204, 413 502, 827 1, 779, 486 596 28,581 27, 220 47, 050 524, 985 6,480 51, 497 657, 232 266, 673 952, 486 597 28, 275 35, 050 624, 979 16, 630 40, 571 717, 230 161, 242 906, 747 598 99, 045 50, 888 118, 954 1, 841, 854 3, 807 121, 403 2, 136, 906 706, 835 2, 942, 786 599 59, 690 46, 688 60, 957 907, 107 65, 478 1, 080, 230 367, 386 1, 507, 306 600 12, 861 11, 369 15, 125 4,200 22, 775 11, 222 24,000 317, 492 306, 974 310, 281 3,807 17, 820 24, 153 13, 952 358, 087 342, 349 356, 240 88, 582 113, 986 136, 881 459, 530 601 467,704 602 508,246 603 3 Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where text¬ books or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any textbooks furnished to pupils gratis is classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of school plant, (2) maintenance of school plant, (3) auxiliary school services, and (4) fixed charges. 5 Grand total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17. 6 Data for 1949-50 used in lieu of 1951-52. 7 Includes junior college data. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data I GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,< City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Stafl 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ 1, 252 516 2,902 16, 964 48, 588 1, 749, 216 1, 520, 334 179 NORTHEAST _ 376 193 639 4, 944 12, 820 448, 394 393, 952 180 Connecticut _ .. 9 3 36 143 462 17, 468 14, 960 181 2 6 28 90 2,742 2,395 183 1 10 38 96 4, 302 3, 523 180 Putnam, _ . _ _ _ __ 1 3 8 29 983 876 180 1 1 13 43 1,478 1, 368 182 Southington _ _ 1 1 5 24 69 3, 128 2, 588 181 Stafford Town. . _ _ _ 1 1 10 29 1,039 915 180 1 7 14 66 2,433 2, 117 181 Winsted _ 1 2 3 8 40 1,363 1, 178 180 Maine _ 12 18 36 176 517 18, 426 16, 482 180 Belfast _ _ 1 1 2 8 35 1,298 1,190 180 Brewer... . . . . ._ 1 1 17 45 1,510 1,324 185 Brunswick .. _ _ 1 3 12 65 1,823 1,680 178 Gardiner... _ _ 1 1 7 9 45 1, 737 1,514 180 Houlton _ _ .. . 1 2 22 39 1,462 1, 196 180 Kittery _ 1 2 13 40 1,433 1,311 180 Millinocket _ 1 1 4 14 36 1,005 933 180 Old Town _ _ 1 2 2 13 37 1,487 1,358 183 Presque Isle _ _ .. 1 7 4 17 57 2, 160 1,938 179 Rockland _ _ _ 1 1 6 20 46 1,588 1,438 180 Rumford _ _ . .. 1 1 18 41 1,600 1,385 180 Skowhegan _ ... 1 5 2 13 31 1,323 1, 215 180 Massachusetts. . . 33 55 60 419 1, 159 42, 277 37, 674 178 Abington _ 1 3 9 38 1,321 1,204 176 Concord _ _ _ 1 3 22 50 1,508 1,370 183 Dracut _ . ... _ 1 3 2 9 35 1,078 971 180 Franklin _ 1 2 8 42 1,510 1,355 175 Great Barrington _ _ _ 1 1 10 36 1, 134 1,025 177 Hudson _ . . 1 1 13 29 992 906 174 Ludlow _ _ 1 3 1 18 29 1,107 1,005 180 Mansfield _ 1 2 2 17 33 1,374 1,263 180 Maynard _ _ 1 3 1 10 34 1,085 991 174 Millbury _ ... __ 1 1 2 9 35 1,394 1, 271 181 North Andover. . . . 1 4 1 8 32 1,057 962 172 Rockland _ . 1 3 1 13 35 1,282 1, 161 179 Spencer _ ...... . 1 16 19 1,016 921 180 Walpole... _ 1 6 6 13 57 1,908 1,735 180 Ware . 1 1 12 24 801 740 175 Whitman _ ... _ 1 3 2 16 42 1, 671 1,550 178 Other cities. . . .... _ 17 27 31 216 589 22, 039 19, 244 178 New Hampshire _ 6 11 56 170 5, 854 5, 431 179 Derry . 1 3 22 831 738 178 Exeter. . 1 2 11 30 883 809 178 Franklin... ... .. .. 1 2 14 26 1,030 954 180 Lebanon _ _ 1 4 11 50 1,404 1,366 180 Newport _ 1 1 11 27 1, 102 1,018 176 Somersworth. . . 2 6 15 604 546 180 New Jersey... _ 85 25 143 838 2,689 90, 073 76, 223 183 Audubon . . . 1 3 17 61 1,925 1,704 182 Boonton. . . _ 3 2 21 51 1,684 1,446 183 Bound Brook _ 2 4 28 53 1, 781 1, 576 181 Caldwell .. . 2 2 25 81 2, 528 2, 184 186 East Rutherford . . 2 5 19 48 1,316 1,183 185 footnotes at end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts4 Total six 5 major current accounts (actual dollars) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $15,687,403 $2,204, 639 $13,254,453 $209, 721, 109 $2, 818, 092 $14,360,861 $242, 359, 154 $80, 540,278 $338,586,835 5,176,847 849, 752 3,198, 050 60, 401,672 1,102,694 4, 573, 183 70,125, 351 26, 889, 979 102,192,177 121,782 13,840 190, 911 2, 163, 260 29, 522 150, 661 2, 548, 194 760, 004 3, 429, 980 27, 204 22,298 11,716 10,195 16,189 8, 443 19,337 6,400 37, 318 57,144 13, 300 5, 062 31,450 5, 052 28,885 12, 700 502, 665 485, 222 132, 435 196, 282 294, 433 122, 762 285, 961 143, 500 10, 768 2, 343 1,804 2,295 5, 322 1,690 3, 200 2,100 37, 447 32, 764 11,983 15, 229 24, 953 8, 361 15, 524 4,400 588, 198 577, 473 159, 522 218,868 360,158 137,865 333, 570 172,540 137, 593 140, 710 72, 719 91,475 105, 253 54, 466 97, 088 60, 700 752. 995 740, 481 243, 957 320, 538 481,600 200, 774 449. 995 239, 640 4,000 9, 840 70, 191 60, 469 130, 036 1,718, 014 34, 392 139, 325 2, 082, 236 872, 914 3, 025, 341 6, 391 4.524 3, 313 6,983 3, 475 6, 460 3.525 5,600 6, 950 5, 250 14,830 2, 890 3,288 5,634 4, 075 10, 840 21,000 8,600 9,387 14, 200 10, 208 14, 992 17,800 5, 000 8,300 90, 724 148, 343 188, 310 125, 065 140, 963 142, 350 132, 175 119, 860 192, 732 137, 456 177,000 123, 036 10, 239 4, 896 16,169 4, 334 9, 658 7,687 12, 235 12, 338 18, 439 10, 393 24, 166 8, 771 109, 885 159, 764 222, 219 153, 699 159, 221 160,653 168, 410 154, 917 251,334 172, 619 212,166 157, 349 25, 805 58, 954 81,333 29, 478 78, 476 90, 714 71,709 42, 410 83, 068 68, 484 193,813 48, 670 142,081 223, 242 306, 865 190,160 241,172 257, 827 243, 644 202, 927 341,352 246, 353 420, 809 208, 909 2, 450 6, 900 3, 300 1,229 5,800 2, 304 3, 566 3, 685 6, 000 2, 458 4,000 10, 207 21,605 3, 285 14, 784 307, 938 218, 712 279, 917 4, 969, 537 39, 864 374, 697 5, 882, 727 2, 308, 777 8, 499, 442 9, 784 14,134 8,804 11,568 7, 851 8, 003 10, 969 10, 636 10, 380 9,191 11,920 9, 879 3,000 10, 771 8,344 7, 338 155, 366 13, 525 15, 526 6, 400 8, 864 3, 700 3. 800 4. 800 9,166 3,600 10,125 4,500 5,250 151,064 254, 742 115, 426 170, 824 148, 399 124,000 141,829 145, 616 144,848 143,662 144, 520 149,740 114,844 232, 190 99, 739 168, 215 i 2, 519, 879 13, 382 21,852 3, 030 9, 061 3, 835 9, 719 9,711 14,807 9, 680 8, 566 10, 231 13, 551 ' 13, 489 i 15,912 7,491 17,412 i 192, 968 177, 971 300, 979 133, 856 188, 749 157, 934 137, 519 167, 891 177, 136 168, 663 167, 103 178, 489 179, 241 130, 333 300, 932 110, 430 209, 177 2, 996, 324 58,961 95, 127 64, 671 94, 450 67, 586 67,039 58, 593 64, 085 66,190 47, 432 44, 767 77, 551 26, 207 81,294 44, 979 66, 435 1,283,410 246, 716 410, 240 207, 331 294, 767 233, 371 212,561 237, 453 251,857 245, 233 223, 726 235, 176 266, 671 ■ 159,540 392, 997 163, 753 282, 950 4, 435, 100 8,859 9, 000 2, 000 9,226 7,147 10, 535 4, 750 17, 394 10, 700 2, 325 400 1,844 2,000 2, 340 23,190 27,300 3, 200 10, 725 149, 456 12,825 113,945 20, 096 50,817 51,332 ! 660, 954 8,179 i 47, 857 768, 322 298, 200 1,117,339 7,986 9, 333 8,142 13,396 5, 737 6, 226 71,416 ! 134,140 1 121,437 i 158,887 1 107, 494 1 67, 580 4, 255 . 12, 464 7,214 i 13, 503 3, 565 6, 856 75, 671 159, 777 139,054 i 196, 425 i 115, 459 i 81,936 33, 775 56, 463 49, 771 ' 66,418 ' 47, 463 i 44, 310 117,432 225, 573 196, 967 276, 233 i 168, 659 i 132, 475 9,608 7,746 22,075 4, 40C 7, 50C 3,565 2, 654 1,960 l 1 _ i . 991,613 ! 129, 222 ! 749, 467 ’ 12,024,301 268, 136 » 721,148 ; 13, 892, 274 : 5, 526, 927 20,410,814] 15,101 19, 771 14, 60{ 14, 693 10, 56( 15,706 10, 406 20, 726 13.806 ) 245, 165 ) 261,420 ) 289, 235 ) 433. 788 i 4, 797 > 8, 326 t 10, 851 1 . r 24,192 i 34, 746 22, 923 30, 893 ) 8,412 ! 289, 854 i 314, 898 ; 343, 733 1 478, 481 ! 246, 804 78, 445 ; 81,524 1 72, 387 150, 01 S i 88, 34C i 383, 400 : 416,197 430,729 )\ 643, 195 I1 345, 704 ) . ) 7, 40( ) 28, 463 ' 198,826 ) 3, 706 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 4 35 1, 017 885 182 2 3 4 19 43 1,224 1, 128 182 1 3 3 7 42 1, 308 1,176 182 1 2 20 571 496 182 1 2 19 53 1, 781 1,584 182 2 2 9 48 1,393 1,234 181 1 1 3 16 44 1,457 1, 227 185 1 2 12 39 1,291 1,088 184 2 1 7 36 1, 193 1,014 183 1 2 24 66 2,206 1,905 181 1 1 10 32 1,528 1,279 182 1 2 25 54 1,886 1, 622 183 1 2 18 31 1,164 960 181 1 1 1 12 300 235 183 1 2 2 21 37 1,346 1, 188 186 2 3 14 80 2,990 2, 460 186 1 2 15 43 1,528 1,339 181 1 1 2 13 409 354 183 1 6 13 60 1,616 1, 004 182 1 2 7 32 1,043 858 182 1 1 1 11 55 1,820 1, 584 182 1 3 2 3 28 813 715 185 1 3 10 51 1,949 1,606 182 3 4 30 60 2, 428 2,118 182 1 1 2 27 801 754 182 2 2 3 29 774 621 180 2 3 22 43 1,683 1, 440 182 3 2 10 32 873 757 182 40 10 67 392 1, 250 42, 447 35, 499 183 81 47 160 1,143 3, 246 99, 913 84, 941 180 2 2 25 41 1,108 975 180 1 2 18 61 1,613 1,373 180 1 2 12 32 803 686 191 2 4 32 69 2, 145 1,963 179 1 2 16 33 1,185 1, 063 185 1 4 1 10 23 863 758 182 5 3 9 98 223 6,293 5, 510 180 1 2 15 33 1,055 896 175 3 3 24 51 1,592 1,307 179 1 1 4 11 54 1, 547 1,369 175 1 4 19 50 1,713 1,523 185 1 3 32 63 2, 343 1, 947 176 1 1 3 17 47 1,588 1,418 181 1 3 4 24 71 2, 495 2, 196 179 1 2 3 10 65 1,550 1,384 179 1 1 2 15 66 1,922 1,669 176 1 2 3 16 49 1,730 1, 517 181 3 2 1 11 39 1,283 959 175 1 2 4 17 54 1, 911 1, 667 183 14 24 944 690 179 1 2 11 60 1,505 1, 291 181 1 1 15 42 1,339 1,127 184 2 6 19 105 2, 774 2,364 183 1 3 15 43 1,482 1,300 173 2 3 5 16 76 2, 020 1, 728 181 3 2 12 42 912 787 183 1 2 18 46 1,617 1,419 179 1 2 2 22 66 2, 189 1,904 180 1 2 28 62 1,659 1,379 178 39 21 77 551 1,556 48, 733 40, 772 180 New Jersey— Continued Fairview . . Glen Ridge _ Glen Rock _ Guttenberg _ Haddon Heights _ Hammonton _ Hasbrouck Heights. Keyport _ _ Maywood _ Moorestown _ New Milford _ Newton _ _ _ Ocean City _ Oceanport _ Palmyra _ Penns Grove _ Pitman . . . Prospect Park . . Raritan _ Ridgefield _ River Edge . . Secaucus . . . South Plainfield _ Tenafly . . Totowa _ Ventnor City . . Westwood _ _ _ Wood- Ridge _ Other cities. . New Yorv. Bronxville _ Dansville _ Dobbs Ferry _ East Aurora _ Elmira Heights. Fredonia _ Great Neck . Haverstraw _ Herkimer.. . Ilion _ Lancaster. . Lindenhurst _ Little Falls _ Malveme _ Mechanicville. . . Norwich _ Owego _ Penn Yan _ Port Jervis _ Potsdam. . . Salamanca _ Saranac Lake . . . Scotia _ Seneca Falls _ Solvay - Tuckahoe _ Waverly _ Wellsville _ Westbury _ Other cities - footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 8 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and Wages Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $19, 078 $116, 504 $13, 675 $130,179 $52, 892 $202, 149 25, 407 $14, 850 $24, 700 254', 745 $13, 005 14,111 321,411 99, 434 446, 252 18, 752 13, 860 15, 765 168, 380 12,282 209, 687 130, 960 358, 799 4, 603 5, 000 68, 661 2,150 3, 511 79, 322 41,714 125, 639 35, 602 9, 200 219, 891 28,640 257, 731 89, 270 382, 603 21 i 389 7,490 185; 338 3,800 15, 219 211,847 76, 928 310, 164 9, 219 7, 250 15,300 219, 858 5, 021 29, 056 276, 485 77, 503 363, 207 14, 375 9, 700 170, 146 4, 509 14, 868 199, 223 52,830 266, 428 9, 375 4, 500 141,001 1,516 9,697 156,714 112, 840 278, 929 11,496 11,300 297, 695 14, 703 31,984 355, 682 99, 078 466, 256 12, 178 4,700 134, 068 2,975 9, 289 151,032 47, 118 210, 328 12, 642 11,200 271,758 7,150 29, 748 319,856 62, 268 394, 766 16, 900 10, 250 179, 205 5, 322 15, 467 210, 244 86,690 313, 834 1,451 4, 500 31,810 3,196 39, 506 18, 477 59, 434 12, 698 7, 600 8,100 182; 931 2, 230 17, 038 217, 899 58,227 288,824 11,338 14, 550 338, 624 5,160 26, 274 384, 608 99, 666 495,612 11,793 8, 950 184, 728 3,113 22, 651 219, 442 63, 276 294, 511 5, 643 4, 525 43, 948 2, 986 51,459 28,270 85, 372 23, 257 31,828 260, 212 4,186 16, 452 312,678 302, 980 638,915 15,547 9,350 141,390 9, 914 160, 654 69, 708 245, 909 18, 711 5, 000 4, 875 207, 724 4,600 13,690 235,889 105, 660 360, 260 15,675 11,350 8, 400 110, 851 1,500 7,092 139,193 122, 783 277, 651 2, 556 20, 475 168, 718 4, 700 16, 754 210,647 118,192 331,395 66, 472 18, 000 364, 771 14,000 32, 727 429, 498 119, 638 615, 608 11,687 5, 327 65, 550 917 5,098 76,892 31,282 119, 861 13, 619 8, 450 113, 304 2,295 5, 344 129, 393 50, 513 193, 525 22, 691 17, 900 232, 719 6, 804 22,028 279, 451 95, 133 397, 275 12, 779 10, 100 137, 198 5, 794 13, 968 167, 060 52, 738 232, 577 460, 540 61,912 356, 543 5, 584, 132 125, 012 157, 223 6, 284, 822 2, 690,144 9, 435, 506 1, 347, 659 227, 743 898, 729 17, 135, 110 423, 075 1, 147, 091 19, 831, 748 8, 347, 165 29, 526, 572 38, 627 23. 922 375, 145 12,590 31, 756 443, 413 147, 902 629, 942 16, 505 10, 700 256, 100 6,000 16, 202 289, 002 148, 024 453, 531 19, 406 9, 792 171, 588 4,786 14, 260 200, 426 101, 152 320, 984 27, 830 22, 100 378. 037 10, 213 47, 834 458, 184 164, 838 650, 852 13, 185 6,300 173, 934 1, 390 10, 114 191, 738 64, 104 269, 027 11. 898 14, 800 3, 550 111, 927 10, 442 140, 719 54, 005 206, 622 116, 367 20,100 63, 000 1, 605, 000 67, 991 146, 797 1, 902, 888 857, 340 2, 876, 595 27, 167 12, 600 181, 932 3,000 16, 987 214, 519 100, 142 341, 828 14, 479 13,800 254, 751 3,800 15, 570 287, 921 107, 349 409, 749 13, 386 3, 000 16, 500 228, 402 2,450 17, 685 268, 037 121, 390 402, 813 16, 921 17, 300 268, 847 7,208 16, 719 310, 074 126, 757 453, 752 17, 732 14, 900 331, 088 10, 468 42, 281 398, 737 170, 145 586, 614 16, 616 3,350 13,280 237, 373 4, 397 16, 988 275, 388 120, 960 412, 964 24, 148 12, 314 26, 114 392, 286 12, 035 33, 083 475, 832 193, 719 693, 699 19, 680 8, 350 16,500 299, 118 4, 074 9,117 337, 159 103, 097 459, 936 22, 072 5,800 10, 800 287, 606 3, 128 45, 102 352, 436 111, 452 485,960 17, 752 6,200 12, 649 207, 442 4, 545 15, 212 246, 048 117, 035 380, 835 12, 726 8,400 5, 600 245, 197 873 19, 388 279, 458 78, 123 370, 307 21, 115 5,436 20, 130 265. 477 5,636 13, 389 310, 068 108, 564 439, 747 12, 691 126, 132 2, 300 8,907 137, 339 45, 265 195, 295 18, 150 9,650 248, 152 2,912 19, 057 279, 771 100, 922 398, 843 19, 427 5,000 222, 964 2, 221 15, 299 245, 484 100, 711 365, 622 32, 342 34, 600 450, 993 11, 116 48,544 545, 253 191, 847 769,442 42, 264 15, 250 223, 408 2, 612 17, 432 258, 702 116, 424 417, 390 24. 345 19, 222 30. 000 337, 920 11, 089 23, 310 421, 541 180, 649 626, 535 17, 133 11. 000 213, 649 7, 095 17, 308 249, 052 104, 396 370, 581 17,700 10, 500 233, 406 5,422 22, 744 272, 072 96, 114 385, 886 24, 951 9,600 10, 200 301, 719 4,734 32, 573 358, 826 178. 828 562. 605 24, 913 14. 166 288, 497 5,531 25, 623 333, 817 111, 760 470, 490 646, 131 111, 171 438, 826 8, 217. 020 203, 459 377, 368 9, 347, 844= 4, 124, 151 14, 118, 126 95 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 5,000 TO 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Num- City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pennsylvania _ 140 42 167 2, 058 4, 215 161, 720 147, 174 180 1 1 9 24 819 792 180 1 1 10 30 866 774 185 1 2 2 32 37 1,709 1,496 1, 637 1,390 722 180 3 3 18 42 180 1 1 7 21 797 180 1 5 24 639 580 180 2 2 6 28 70 2,115 2,584 844 1,936 2, 391 180 1 4 2 38 62 180 1 1 2 g 23 742 184 2 2 22 41 1, 721 1,071 743 1,529 910 180 1 1 16 27 185 1 8 26 629 180 1 1 21 34 1,465 1,456 1,286 1,312 180 1 1 13 32 180 Etna _ _ - _ 1 1 14 21 690 589 180 1 2 8 28 835 748 186 Forest Hills _ _ _ 2 1 5 35 1, 122 1,120 832 180 Forty Fort _ 2 1 12 30 944 181 Freeland Boro 1 1 15 25 1,068 1,114 1,671 884 180 Glassport _ 1 6 1 9 27 1,020 1,539 1,814 1,535 486 180 Grove City - _ _ _ _ 1 1 16 50 180 Hollidaysburg _ - - 1 2 23 45 1,941 1,633 528 180 Huntingdon _ _ . - . . 1 2 3 19 34 180 Jenkintown _ _ 1 2 10 24 183 Kane .. - - _ _ 1 1 19 32 1,323 1,993 1,242 1,769 180 Kittanning _ _ _ - 1 3 28 51 184 Lansford _ _ _ 1 1 10 34 676 615 185 Lehighton . - . _ 1 1 20 32 1,409 1,353 918 182 Lewisburg 1 1 18 22 1,039 180 Lititz.- _ _ _ - 1 15 23 944 907 180 Mechanicsburg . - _ 1 1 27 36 1,665 1,574 1,175 180 Media Boro _ _ _ 1 1 1 28 37 1,383 180 Midland 1 2 2 26 32 1,408 1,253 180 Minersville .. _ . . - _ 1 1 12 29 933 872 187 Monongahela _ 1 1 18 59 2, 081 359 1,856 309 180 Mount Oliver Boro _- _ 1 1 1 12 180 Mount Pleasant _ _ - 1 1 15 28 1,216 1,114 180 Nanty-Glo _ _ 1 1 1 11 20 973 928 180 Nar berth 1 4 17 433 422 182 New Cumberland _ _ 1 18 32 1,309 1,171 180 Northampton .. . _ 1 1 1 33 37 1,856 1,121 1,666 180 Oakmont Boro _ - - - 1 2! 11 39 988 180 Palmyra _ _- _ _ _ 1 13 29 1,043 1,074 760 987 180 Pitcairn _ _ _ - 1 1 11 35 1,040 728 180 Prospect Park _ _ _ 1 10 27 183 Punxsutawney. - __ _ 1 1 31 48 2, 346 1,087 1,460 1,419 856 2,136 180 Rankin - - _ _ - 1 2 19 29 1,011 1,351 180 Red Lion Boro 1 2 25 30 180 Rochester _ _ . _ -- 1 1 16 39 1,243 809 180 St.Clair--- _ 1 1 7 24 180 St. Marys.- - ----- 2 1 3 32 903 798 180 Scottdale 1 1 12 30 1,074 958 979 180 Sewickley . .. - _ _ 1 2 10 34 905 186 Sharpsville .- . . . .. 1 1 12 37 1,177 1,138 180 Shillington .. .. _ - 2 1 20 25 1,133 1,059 180 Shippensburg.. - - _ 1 1 24 47 2, 286 1,762 1,244 2,188 180 Somerset 1 1 26 39 1,619 1,179 180 South Williamsport _ 1 4 10 36 180 Stroudsburg _ _ 1 2 22 35 1,290 1,686 1,256 180 Tarentum _ 1 2 23 44 1,607 1,732 1,631 1,180 180 Tyrone _ _ - 1 1 1 21 46 1,884 180 Vandergrift _ _ 1 1 15 52 1,701 180 West Hazleton _ _ 1 3 20 30 1,260 1,138 182 West York . . . . - 1 18 21 1,082 180 See footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and Wages Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $2, 188, 175 $184, 909 $780, 883 $20, 260, 387 $279, 626 $1, 874, 464 $23, 380, 269 $8, 203, 383 $33, 771, 827 24, 422 4, 520 115, 688 6, 891 127, 099 147, 798 50, 474 201, 995 12' 253 5, 714 139, 540 2,544 42, 327 202, 378 18, 500 6,543 8, 694 221, 438 1, 560 19, 839 258, 074 39, 573 316, 147 24, 702 14, 250 154, 175 5,400 3,400 177, 225 47, 723 249, 650 15, 654 4,995 96, 171 6,040 107, 206 36, 511 159, 371 9,004 81, 588 1, 649 4, 118 87, 355 79, 391 175, 750 29, 889 11,801 26, 186 347, 907 3,747 28, 884 418, 525 106, 330 554, 744 20, 340 17, 811 11, 100 346, 209 5,433 193, 779 574, 332 118, 600 713, 272 8,495 4, 000 7, 250 106, 748 2,500 7,554 128, 052 46, 043 182, 590 22, 212 9, 100 213, 227 1,403 4,701 228, 431 85, 949 336, 592 20, 219 5,600 165, 318 2, 000 14, 592 187, 510 69, 857 277, 586 20, 614 116, 090 2,983 20, 394 139, 467 76,440 236, 521 14, 375 4, 671 166, 180 1,900 7, 586 180, 337 53, 700 248, 412 10, 789 4, 800 144, 917 1,299 17, 493 168, 509 39, 000 218, 298 20, 124 4, 910 121, 644 975 10, 925 138, 454 59, 628 218, 206 14, 442 6, 126 63, 473 3, 230 72, 829 34, 029 121, 300 20. 477 5,900 132, 328 4,285 16, 462 158, 975 70, 942 250, 394 13, 834 4, 650 138, 724 2, 664 14,944 160, 982 77, 568 252, 384 8,195 4, 817 113, 831 1,637 6, 126 126, 411 40, 298 174, 904 16, 102 18, 109 4, 554 121, 306 2,362 12, 864 159, 195 59, 372 234, 669 18, 653 4,999 234, 355 2, 399 19, 767 261, 520 75, 735 355, 908 16, 183 8, 465 204, 303 2, 275 15, 222 230, 265 63, 605 310, 053 18, 638 7,865 12, 829 169, 786 1,820 25, 036 217, 336 68, 126 304, 100 17,850 8,000 123, 317 2,000 11, 161 144, 478 50, 543 212, 871 13, 077 4,683 174, 848 1, 217 9. 000 189, 748 64. 052 266, 877 22, 912 13, 694 263, 201 3, 269 28, 130 308, 294 114, 867 446, 073 15, 336 4, 900 109, 095 2, 340 7, 736 124, 071 30, 048 169, 455 16, 918 5,251 145, 687 1,700 15, 477 168, 115 70, 026 255, 059 64, 555 5, 311 118, 374 19, 297 142, 982 54, 315 261, 852 12, 618 114, 000 2,000 17, 475 133, 475 26, 952 173, 045 16, 922 5,722 203, 164 2, 000 21, 323 232, 209 72, 960 322, 091 18, 952 4, 550 5,250 209, 307 7, 044 28, 086 254, 237 83, 479 356, 668 23, 685 7,290 10, 469 190, 416 4,497 21, 096 233, 768 95, 254 352, 707 16, 426 4,649 132, 097 1, 999 5, 301 144, 046 60, 427 220, 899 19, 385 5, 786 264, 945 1, 250 14, 775 286, 756 56, 683 362, 824 6,784 4, 850 49, 183 24, 723 78, 756 23, 777 109, 317 11, 888 4,600 140, 130 2, 010 11, 793 158, 533 48, 388 218, 809 14, 253 5, 989 4, 200 95, 678 11, 555 117, 422 45, 521 177, 196 6,360 75, 831 3, 000 3, 654 82, 485 27, 632 116, 477 10, 934 113, 165 2, 166 9, 508 124, 839 44, 642 180, 415 23, 767 3, 552 5,400 237, 185 4, 911 21, 154 272, 202 124, 669 420, 638 23, 292 9, 667 179, 799 4, 100 28, 250 221, 816 83, 254 328, 362 21, 387 126, 952 1,800 14, 178 142, 930 45, 478 209, 795 20, 029 3,000 140, 719 16, 265 159, 984 76, 297 256, 310 15, 584 119, 088 17, 321 136, 409 40, 378 192, 371 19, 557 5, 033 259, 449 1, 750 17, 629 283, 861 69, 636 373,054 20, 941 6, 953 140, 957 1, 263 11, 197 160, 370 79, 590 260, 901 5, 239 11, 081 162, 394 3, 720 15, 749 192, 944 59, 090 257, 273 16, 615 5,225 179, 940 2, 332 15, 068 202, 565 55, 290 274, 470 18, 955 4, 000 138, 422 2, 816 295 115, 533 42, 850 177, 338 7, 945 3, 291 88, 113 2, 077 9, 720 103, 201 34, 741 145, 887 11, 873 4, 550 142, 410 1, 300 15, 056 163, 316 53, 112 228, 301 19,643 9, 741 159, 045 5, 063 19, 584 193, 433 60, 189 273, 265 17, 238 5,000 154, 674 2, 000 14, 486 176, 160 52, 378 245, 776 12, 591 4,600 154, 679 4, 958 21, 354 185, 591 52, 629 250, 811 22, 967 4, 554 236, 954 20, 964 262, 472 64, 543 349, 982 14, 755 <817 201, 380 4, 208 22, 188 232, 593 70, 842 318, 190 19, 969 15, 040 138, 841 1, 340 19, 575 174, 796 54, 906 249, 671 13, 891 8,785 187, 094 4,608 25, 834 226, 321 42, 295 282, 507 19, 826 10, 483 235, 311 2, 447 7, 511 255, 752 107, 403 382, 981 21, 565 4,239 4,900 222, 102 1,600 22, 290 255, 131 62, 938 339, 634 16, 069 5, 446 244, 674 5, 775 23, 395 279, 290 117, 643 413, 002 14, 976 13, 818 169, 350 14, 549 197, 717 58, 241 270, 934 17, 535 126, 746 1, 320 13, 143 141, 209 61, 574 220, 318 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui Staff i tioi Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 Pennsylvania— Continued Wilson Boro.. . . . 1 1 22 47 1,889 1,713 186 Other cities _ 67 18 81 988 2, 015 78, 298 70, 474 181 Rhode Island _ 3 7 31 122 4, 361 3,887 182 Barrington. . . 1 4 12 51 1,777 1,507 183 Burrillville (P. O. Pascoag).. 1 1 10 35 1,314 1,190 180 Warren.. _ _ ... 1 2 9 36 1,270 1,190 182 Vermont _ 7 3 19 80 240 8, 302 7,180 175 Bennington . . . 1 3 16 35 1, 204 1,012 177 Montpelier... _ _ _ 1 2 11 33 1,285 1,163 175 Newport. . .. . . . 1 1 4 4 24 742 663 172 St. Albans _ _ _ 1 1 3 1 19 519 475 174 St. Johnsbury . . . 1 1 20 44 1,602 1,282 177 Springfield . . . . 1 1 4 23 59 2,134 1,921 177 Winooski... . . . . 1 2 5 26 816 664 177 NORTH CENTRAL _ 427 147 942 5,899 14, 334 544, 338 478, 472 179 Illinois. . 136 60 293 1,464 3,716 135, 943 117, 068 185 Arlington Heights: Elementary District . 2 3 13 41 1,643 1, 214 188 High School District _ 2 2 1 23 30 1, 075 1, 015 186 Batavia. . . . 1 4 11 43 1, 444 1, 292 188 Belvidere _ _ _ 2 3 7 16 93 2,633 2,314 172 Bradley: Elementary District . 1 3 18 580 540 185 High School District _ 1 11 7 392 357 185 Charleston . . .. 2 1 9 35 59 2, 339 1,883 186 Chester . . . 1 2 13 31 1,007 892 184 Clinton. . . 1 6 10 64 1, 768 1, 504 185 Creve Coeur . . . . 1 1 2 4 24 890 838 185 Dolton. _ _ 2 1 3 9 42 1,567 1, 246 193 Du Quoin: Elementary District _ 1 7 35 1, 183 996 185 High School District _ 1 14 8 460 426 185 East Alton.. . 1 4 6 45 1,433 1, 145 187 East Peoria: Elementary District _ 2 6 6 54 2,020 1, 850 185 High School District _ 1 2 1 14 15 891 796 182 Edwardsville _ _ 3 2 23 90 2,688 2, 342 185 Effingham. _ _ 2 7 29 52 2, 028 1, 671 185 Franklin Park: Elementary District _ 1 3 33 1,112 947 185 High School District _ 2 2 37 26 1,085 1,040 185 Glencoe. . . . . 2 9 2 9 41 1, 084 893 187 Glen Ellyn: Elementary District _ 1 6 4 68 1,951 1, 570 178 High School District _ 1 1 19 31 1, 275 1, 222 185 Homewood.. . 1 1 4 20 963 759 187 Lake Forest: Elementary District _ 1 3 6 37 662 557 186 High School District . 2 2 14 10 425 385 185 Lansing . . . 1 6 30 1, 148 1,000 188 Lawrenceville: Elementary District . 1 3 8 28 1,075 898 186 High School District . 1 1 17 12 598 554 186 Libertyville: High School District . 1 1 16 12 620 539 186 footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals md Wages Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other a Total in¬ structional expenditures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $18, 125 $6, 520 $224, 005 $1, 700 $21, 693 $253, 918 $82, 905 $354, 948 1, 046, 870 $90, 160 380, 484 9, 682, 720 133, 755 723, 535 11, 010, 654 4, 139, 725 16, 197, 249 37, 361 32, 438 500, 824 5, 917 36, 935 576, 114 184, 533 798, 008 13, 439 18, 338 219, 736 2,550 23, 324 263, 948 77, 273 354, 660 14 893 4, 900 138, 937 3, 748 147, 585 65, 591 228, 069 9, 029 9; 200 142i 151 3, 367 9, 863 164, 581 41, 669 215, 279 61, 311 14, 857 84, 337 969, 285 13, 983 81, 005 1, 163, 467 388, 076 1, 612, 854 13, 284 13, 080 180, 248 4, 885 15, 204 213, 417 61, 894 288, 595 12, 175 11,367 161, 158 4, 123 12, 069 188, 717 43, 312 244, 204 5, 006 5, 923 13, 257 73, 531 8, 900 101, 611 27, 990 134, 607 4, 850 3, 184 13, 581 39, 925 4, 955 61, 645 35, 157 101, 652 9, 252 5, 500 192, 000 2, 700 16, 086 216, 286 81, 487 307, 025 13, 147 5, 750 20, 279 255, 026 2, 275 20, 553 303, 883 117, 993 435, 023 3,597 7,273 67, 397 3, 238 77, 908 20, 243 101, 748 5, 324, 622 657, 287 4, 319, 471 66, 703, 815 822, 556 5, 091, 253 77, 594, 382 28, 243, 572 111, 162, 576 1, 565, 921 304, 409 1, 331, 176 17, 053, 923 180, 014 1, 278, 960 20, 148, 482 8, 393, 465 30, 107, 868 23, 338 20, 652 181,626 14, 233 216, 511 49, 593 289, 442 28, 302 20,000 9, 500 195,136 6, 000 13, 732 244, 368 143,889 416, 559 14, 071 4, 771 207,027 2, 637 5, 728 220,163 66, 916 301,150 22, 420 11, 200 31,710 281,905 2,400 46, 000 373, 215 97, 420 493, 055 7, 938 45, 541 3, 912 49, 453 31,751 89, 142 10, 902 51,267 2, 014 53, 281 25, 403 89, 586 15, 940 4, 000 36, 666 281,965 12, 853 334, 818 145,158 495, 916 14, 627 9, 927 118,194 5, 035 133,156 42, 465 190, 248 9,023 24,000 250, 090 6, 000 13, 407 293, 497 183, 567 486, 087 8, 728 4, 000 8,000 82, 008 2, 000 1,807 97,815 35,990 142, 533 11, 491 4, 000 12,000 154, 900 11,415 182, 315 91,906 285, 712 13, 751 128, 404 7, 004 135, 408 76, 902 226, 061 8, 750 6, 250 69, 576 3, 906 79, 732 25, 456 113, 938 13, 424 17, 700 163, 000 5, 750 186, 450 44, 516 244, 390 29, 500 27, 000 180, 000 43, 000 250, 000 103,100 382, 600 9, 027 11,900 7,700 156,500 7,120 19, 883 203, 103 109, 488 321,618 15, 000 8,000 236, 800 3,980 248, 780 115, 700 379, 480 14, 426 25,150 210, 850 7,040 49, 985 293, 025 166, 722 474,173 15, 451 118, 351 13, 949 132, 300 48, 923 196, 674 36, 726 8,800 290, 080 37, 522 336, 402 249, 800 622, 928 33, 813 50, 531 10,000 178, 956 5, 000 19, 423 263, 910 78, 236 375, 959 21,102 24, 832 245, 289 2,160 10, 684 282, 965 61, 326 365, 393 37, 894 6,000 225, 457 10, 500 241,957 67, 616 347, 467 11,779 4, 000 77, 305 8,342 89, 647 33, 434 134, 860 21,123 15, 100 133, 661 14,160 162, 921 81,071 265, 115 16, 851 9, 600 102, 317 2,776 11,572 126, 265 60, 232 203, 348 10, 292 132, 458 8, 095 140, 553 44, 043 194, 888 5,942 15, 000 136, 212 13,186 164, 398 43, '336 213, 676 8, 041 5, 000 101,255 6, 467 112, 722 52, 993 173, 756 7, 500 5, 540 121,861 7,110 1,181 135, 692 40, 755 183,947 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru Staff i tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois — Continued Litchfield: 1 5 7 24 805 672 181 1 12 8 441 396 185 Madison. ._ . . . 1 6 20 55 2, 582 2,200 185 Mendota _ _ _ _ . 1 21 33 1, 113 952 187 Metropolis: 1 36 1,224 1, 043 185 High School District. . 1 1 13 9 512 444 185 Mount Carmel . _ 1 8 27 60 2, 610 2,418 187 Naperville . . . 1 2 4 28 38 1, 531 1,273 185 1 2 23 74 2,172 1, 724 185 North Chicago: Elementary District #64.. 2 3 5 34 1, 187 1, 056 176 Oak Lawn: Elementary Dist. #122 _ 3 1 4 29 1,144 985 185 Elementary Dist. #123 _ 1 1 1 36 1,226 1,128 185 High School District.. 1 1 12 11 550 521 180 Pana . . 1 3 8 15 50 1,904 1,608 185 Paris.. . . . . . 1 5 17 53 1,906 1,648 188 Peru _ _ _ _ 1 2 2 2 21 592 484 187 Pontiac: Elementary District _ 1 6 4 3 25 926 848 181 High School District- 1 1 13 11 394 375 185 Savanna: Elementary District _ 1 1 6 21 812 614 185 High School District _ 1 10 8 292 269 186 South Holland _ 1 1 2 1 16 579 549 182 Sycamore .. . . _ 1 5 12 45 1,403 1,230 186 Taylorville 1 6 25 58 2, 442 2, 082 185 Vandalia: Elementarv District _ . 1 2 5 24 904 726 187 High School District. 2 13 7 509 459 181 Zion: Elementary District _ 1 2 46 5 1,312 1,050 185 High School District _ 1 15 15 734 715 185 Other cities _ . _ . 76 27 142 718 1,811 66,098 56, 913 185 Indiana . . 38 21 91 591 1,190 54, 068 46, 603 177 Alexandria... _ ... . 1 3 12 27 1,149 995 174 Auburn.. .. . . _ 1 2 4 14 27 1,252 1,134 175 Beech Grove. _ ... 1 10 17 886 765 178 Boonville . . . . 1 15 39 1,757 1,546 176 Brazil _ _ _ 1 4 3 17 36 1,645 1,449 177 Clinton _ _ .. 1 2 2 15 29 1,346 1,162 177 Franklin. _ _ _ 1 3 20 28 1,472 1,220 175 Greenfield _ . . 1 1 13 31 1,347 1,118 176 Jasper _ 1 2 16 32 1,498 1,399 178 Kendallville. . . . 1 1 2 12 34 1,255 1,093 177 Lebanon _ .. 1 1 21 40 1,701 1,385 177 Madison . ... .. 1 4 10 32 1,237 1,088 176 Noblesville _ _ 1 3 22 40 2, 082 1,538 177 Plymouth _ . _ 1 2 3 18 33 1,557 1,382 176 Portland.. . . . 1 15 37 1,882 1,638 173 Rushville _ _ 1 3 17 30 1,260 1,018 177 Sullivan... _ _ ... 1 5 17 30 1,366 1,223 175 Tipton . . 1 4 17 28 1,468 1,292 180 Whiting . . . . 1 3 19 29 1,138 1,092 183 Winchester _ _ _ ... . 1 2 11 27 1,115 958 176 Other cities.. . . 18 10 43 280 564 25, 655 22, 108 177 footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Super¬ visors Salaries Princi¬ pals and Wages Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $6, 912 $23, 500 $98, 639 $4, 178 $126, 317 $39, 386 $172, 615 8! 876 77,833 10, 924 88, 757 42, 792 140, 425 25, 308 33, 580 259' 178 17, 400 310,158 134, 472 469, 938 25, 585 <000 145; 155 3,289 152, 444 117, 472 295, 501 6,172 93, 443 3, 686 97,129 35, 137 138, 438 5,389 5,500 113, 924 $2, 500 2, 950 124, 874 61,980 192, 243 7, 564 40, 000 284, 588 27,512 352, 100 145, 982 505, 646 12; 716 $8,500 25', 767 259; 786 3, 324 4,538 301,915 75, 307 389, 938 21,704 10,000 312,158 7,156 22, 906 352, 220 157,674 531,598 16, 599 12, 000 127, 544 12, 606 152,150 50, 858 219, 607 5, 323 5,000 100, 730 1, 979 107, 709 43, 874 156, 906 6, 650 5,000 116,500 274 121, 774 37, 747 166, 171 20,202 6,000 107, 497 5, 359 13, 425 132, 281 93, 156 245, 639 8, 555 16, 669 33, 068 200, 690 7, 669 14, 315 272, 411 143, 695 424, 661 11, 469 23, 500 210, 930 16, 500 250, 930 72, 581 334, 980 8,438 7,000 8,000 81, 610 4, 309 100, 919 41, 251 150, 608 9, 956 18, 600 12,900 82, 213 5,674 119, 387 34,628 163, 971 5, 842 7, 300 95, 510 3, 288 106, 098 39, 307 151, 247 4, 222 3,700 81, 594 5, 556 90, 850 20, 395 115, 467 5, 500 5,200 71,000 500 76, 700 25, 100 107, 300 1, 593 65, 782 65, 782 10, 099 77, 474 8,167 25,000 218, 184 25, 452 268, 636 100, 231 377, 034 17,600 27,000 310, 299 23,531 360, 830 185, 957 564, 387 8,828 7,000 71, 746 9,887 88, 633 50, 417 147, 878 18, 314 64,900 2, 455 8, 589 75, 944 32, 488 126, 746 20, 727 9, 130 125, 612 3, 901 138, 643 50, 468 209, 838 9, 188 123, 012 3,262 990 127, 264 62, 629 199, 081 761, 350 148, 009 646, 799 8, 295, 875 87, 546 622, 582 9, 800, 819 4, 070, 675 14, 632, 843 450, 346 85, 977 422, 554 6, 600, 968 60,243 288, 570 7, 458, 312 1, 971, 383 9, 880, 041 10,237 19,200 128,600 1,942 8, 405 158, 147 38, 385 206, 769 10, 277 9,000 21,244 152,264 1,894 6, 357 190, 759 54, 219 255, 255 10, 326 105, 943 293 3,704 109, 940 23, 117 143, 383 11,389 205, 191 1,051 6, 455 212, 697 67, 295 291, 381 9, 915 16,288 13,500 185, 521 2,000 7, 392 224, 701 49, 973 284, 589 10, 828 7, 964 7, 156 144,690 4,886 164, 696 37, 177 212, 701 13, 606 14, 995 214, 180 4,200 9, 126 242, 501 57, 746 313, 853 12, 126 5,581 158, 572 3, 903 168, 056 42, 295 222, 477 9, 138 7, 465 154, 772 1,090 7, 481 170, 808 28,933 208, 879 9,900 3, 904 6, 859 154, 664 1,400 12, 526 179, 353 42,453 231, 706 13, 542 5,000 212, 454 9,473 226, 927 59, 488 299, 957 6, 807 18, 140 141, 879 5, 464 165, 483 36, 656 208, 946 12,406 14, 127 228, 026 1, 695 9, 420 253, 268 85, 378 351, 052 21, 546 8,000 11, 645 195, 247 lj 555 6, 108 222, 555 57, 943 302, 044 10, 978 206, 933 1, 290 7, 633 215, 856 50, 383 277, 217 10,800 15, 413 176, 907 2, 532 9, 411 204, 263 .59,679 274, 742 11,283 14, 324 175, 156 1, 945 11, 785 203, 210 34, 325 248, 818 12,286 17, 496 169, 790 1, 425 11, 588 200, 299 61, 515 274, 100; 18,864 1 _ 21, 737 229, 619 5,728 6, 382 263, 466 127, 074 409, 404 10, 205 — 8,534 123, 854 1,587 3,258 137, 233 31, 658 179,096 213, 887 40,821 200, 138 3, 136, 706 28, 616 137, 813 3, 544, 089 925, 691 4,683, 676 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Iowa _ _ _ 30 52 414 1,052 36, 387 31,977 180 Carroll . . 2 2 13 23 821 753 180 Centerville 6 _ _ 1 1 20 44 1,631 1,431 180 1 3 17 35 1,253 1,094 179 Creston 8___ _ _ . 1 2 14 55 1,545 1,447 180 Decorah . . . . _ 1 1 16 32 1,112 1,064 180 Fairfield . . _ . _ 1 2 15 44 1,527 1,322 180 Indianola _ _ _ 1 14 30 1,132 968 179 Knoxville.. . 1 2 14 36 1,412 1,201 180 Le Mars. . . . . . . 1 17 31 1,094 992 179 Mount Pleasant _ 1 2 11 37 1,291 1,033 180 Oelwein.. . . . . 1 6 14 40 1,276 1,142 180 Perry... . . 1 4 15 40 1,347 1,181 181 Red Oak... . . . 1 1 14 35 1,315 1,113 180 West Des Moines _ 1 13 44 1,412 1,230 180 Other cities. . . . 15 26 207 526 18, 219 16, 006 180 Kansas . 10 2 45 171 440 16, 801 14, 403 177 Abilene . . . 1 5 18 38 1, 418 1,207 176 Concordia. . . . 1 2 16 36 1,337 1,280 180 Hays . . . . . 1 1 6 16 53 1,895 1, 687 177 Iola e _ _ _ _ 1 5 25 41 1,945 1,543 177 Liberal _ _ 1 5 21 47 1,993 1,654 180 McPherson . . . 1 6 14 49 1,920 1,642 175 Olathe . . 1 5 10 35 1,423 1,147 175 Pratt 6. . . . . 1 1 5 21 48 1, 737 1,426 180 Russell _ _ _ _ 1 2 16 41 1,362 1,290 175 Wellington . . . 1 4 14 52 1,771 1, 527, 177 Michigan . . . 47 14 119 722 1, 751 70, 195 63, 309 183 Buchanan.. _ _ 1 1 1 16 32 1,430 1,338 176 Center Line . 1 4 19 43 1,980 1,706 184 Charlotte... _ 1 6 14 33 1, 518 1,375 178 Clawson.. . . 1 1 7 30 1,296 1, 128 184 Dowagiac 6 _ _ _ 1 1 15 42 1,789 1,660 190 East Grand Rapids . . 1 2 14 42 1,010 878 200 Garden City . 1 5 25 54 2,431 2,238 177 Grand Haven.. . . 2 3 26 55 2,110 2, 035 183 Ionia _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 16 37 1, 579 1,342 190 Kingsford.. . 1 5 25 58 1,623 1, 560 179 Lapeer. _ _ _ 2 1 19 37 1,542 1,417 180 Ludington... . . 2 4 5 17 49 2, 058 1, 802 177 Melvindale.. . 2 5 22 70 2, 756 2, 472 180 Petoskey.. . . 1 2 22 42 1, 613 1, 428 179 South Haven. . . . ... 1 2 22 31 1, 600 1, 373 188 Sturgis. . . 1 1 1 20 43 1, 645 1,452 173 Trenton _ _ . 1 4 28 35 1,454 1,303 199 Wayne. . . . . . 3 1 11 44 167 6, 620 6,016 187 Other cities _ 23 7 58 351 851 34, 141 30, 786 183 Minnesota . . 31 11 62 576 1,335 49, 705 43, 684 173 Cloquet. . . . . 1 1 4 22 57 2,128 1,884 174 Columbia Heights . . . 1 3 26 61 2,608 2,253 172 Crookston . . . . 1 1 2 12 36 1,235 1,063 173 Detroit Lakes.. _ 1 1 19 40 1,662 1, 411 173 Ely 8 _ _ _ 1 1 3 22 50 1,521 1, 387 177 Eveleth 8 . 1 4 28 50 1, 493 1,360 180 Fairmont . . . 1 1 24 51 1,871 1,630 174 Hastings. . . . 1 2 18 24 1, 140 986 172 Little Falls . . . 1 1 3 26 39 1, 674 1, 438 171 Northfield . j 2 18 39 1,460 1,278 172 Pipestone _ _ _ _ 1 2 21 40 1, 417 1,266 172 footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Salaries and Wages Super¬ visors Princi- Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other a Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) 11 17 $339, 976 $259, 404 $4, 468, 523 $39, 237 $345, 900 $5, 113, 064 $1, 861, 747 $7, 314, 787 10, 929 9,219 14, 704 12, 408 12. 404 13, 189 6, 909 9,180 21, 213 12, 810 11, 723 10, 299 13. 405 11, 194 170, 390 10, 438 3,500 16, 393 10, 000 4, 11, 710 8, 385 9,600 32, 071 18, 110 4, 660 129, 557 120,246 190, 156 163, 451 197, 374 143, 736 202, 364 139, 342 152, 461 145, 803 129, 006 154, 126 168, 242 145, 430 175, 065 241, 721 6, 557 2, 000 1, 659 2, 445 3, 100 2,000 1, 19, 676 19, 324 11, 382 12, 578 13, 929 12, 371 11,502 7,248 13, 913 13, 118 12, 995 7,004 13, 392 9, 418 13, 796 173, 930 150,008 205, 038 198, 979 223, 303 162, 746 228, 021 146, 590 177, 859 158, 921 151, 601 195, 201 201, 544 159, 508 188, 861 2, 565, 008 61,201 66, 397 42, 048 87, 422 59, 466 75, 465 54, 418 66, 092 114, 316 46, 285 81, 738 61, 634 52, 994 69, 710 922, 561 222, 280, 255, 323, 234, 316, 207, 253, 294, 210, 288, 273, 225, 269, 3, 657, 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 116, 979 12, 368 12, 812 7,r~ 12,089 13,178 12, 772 9, 617 13, 731 12,854 10, 495 i, 381 176, 160 1,845,411 18, 740 118, 904 2,167, 596 570, 241 2, 854, 816 5,000 3, 381 21, 8,852 25, 000 14, 358 19,176 25, 320 16, 982 19, 714 9, 450 16,242 171,260 158, 231 172, 537 199, 778 218, 339 210, 039 133,810 210, 730 192,117 178, 570 2, 927 1,870 7,372 3,000 3, 571 14, 954 14, 628 5, 731 5, 462 14, 774 14, 622 2, 932 16,165 14, 537 15, 099 210, 207 183, 581 208, 268 226, 970 255, 289 253, 552 153, 724 249, 990 216,104 209, 911 65, 554 63. 634 65, 238 58, 397 57, 934 48, 762 31, 402 71. 634 55, 213 52, 473 288,129 260, 027 280, 569 297, 456 326,401 315, 086 194, 743 335, 355 284,171 272, 879 786, 440 56, 575 566, 160 9, 014,670 178,315 639, 100 10, 454,820 3, 416, 136 14,657, 27, 323 21, 486 12, 504 14,776 14, 744 32, 835 15, 681 20. 479 17, 037 14,009 24, 477 21,655 27. 480 15, 359 13,639 17, 751 24, 741 67, 841 382, 623 4,167 14, 880 4,400 5, 500 27, 628 4, 500 22, 882 24,000 5,300 4, 329 10, 050 18,194 17, 500 8,050 20, 482 4,274 18, 650 28, 574 9,900 7,856 6, 250 24, 700 55, 664 275, 005 198, 678 263, 775 144, 752 126, 301 195, 102 190,864 276, 242 299, 137 175, 224 219, 606 193, 640 235, 664 410. 461 213, 735 189, 681 222. 461 289, 928 780, 621 4, 388, 798 2,577 4, 623 2, 000 3, 213 7, 744 1,745 2,404 2, 782 19, 002 3,169 3, 591 2, 417 4, 817 31,511 86, 720 15,437 18,617 17, 589 7, 945 10, 890 14,866 14, 638 26, 874 7,172 12,185 22, 856 19,093 40, 933 12, 297 11,198 10, 775 13, 631 50, 497 311,607 225, 359 309,897 188, 341 139, 546 210, 321 215, 780 312, 287 351,255 190, 446 254,018 223,174 291,069 498, 970 239,101 212, 326 246, 303 333, 076 923, 793 5, 089, 763 57, 819 165, 676 60, 827 39,043 58, 303 54, 653 54, 719 78, 518 51, 010 90, 325 108, 474 96, 249 201,427 71,676 76, 753 72, 823 137,861 288, 283 1,651,697 310, 497, 261, 193, 283, 303, 382, 450, 258, 358, 356, 408, 727, 326, 302, 336, 495, 1,279, 7,124, 498, 219 46, 848 301,458 6, 276,177 72, 345 650, 206 7, 347, 034 3, 045, 520 10, 890, 773 4, 500 4, '666 4, 500 16, 818 17, 220 12, 984 14, 949 27, 376 30,061 14, 372 11, 773 16, 879 13, 336 12, 659 326602—5; 3, 500 15, 660 14, 366 9,000 5, 915 15, 271 19, 927 5,500 9, 352 13, 625 13, 245 10, 000 -7 271,999 257, 441 149, 680 185, 489 259, 797 294, 613 255, 351 122, 757 226, 768 208, 001 170, 908 10, 000 28, 516 17, 421 13, 519 21,135 34, 881 28, 059 42, 325 16, 928 23, 101 17, 402 17, 634 330, 675 289, 228 176,199 212, 539 317, 629 351,045 305, 681 149, 037 269, 276 242,128 198, 542 135, 453 99, 212 75, 420 97, 873 173, 657 201,685 110, 047 34, 535 101,731 85, 282 80, 081 482, 946 405, 660 264, 603 327 325, 361 328 518, 662 329 582, 791 330 430,100,331 195, 345 332 387,886 333 340, 746 334 291, 282 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 302 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 TO Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Num- City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Minnesota— Continued St. Peter . . . . .. 1 1 12 29 1,068 965 171 1 3 17 56 1,931 1, 722 173 1 1 21 54 2,038 1,807 172 West St. Paul _ _ 1 1 1 10 47 1, 682 1,427 171 Willmar.. . _ .. _ 2 1 1 22 64 2, 481 2, 217 172 Other cities _ - _ 14 5 28 258 598 22, 296 19, 590 173 Missouri _ 28 20 86 330 1,084 39, 223 33, 943 179 Brookfield.. _ 1 2 2 11 35 1,149 971 176 1 3 14 41 2,151 1,628 180 Clinton _ ... _ 1 2 5 10 34 1, 371 1,262 180 1 3 14 33 1,387 1, 276 180 Flat River « _ _ 1 3 3 14 36 1,274 1,245 180 1 6 5 50 1, 147 1,020 182 Lexington _ _ 1 1 2 8 29 986 847 178 Marshall _ 1 1 6 15 47 1, 410 • 1,281 180 Maryville. .. _ _ _ 1 2 12 31 876 795 177 Neosho _ _ _ 1 1 5 18 38 1,906 1,601 180 Nevada _ 1 1 14 43 1, 565 1,313 180 Rolla . 1 2 13 58 2,003 1,708 180 Warrensburg .. .. _ 1 2 7 28 931 788 180 Webb City _ _ _ 1 1 10 39 1, 430 1, 219 180 Other cities _ _ 14 10 43 165 542 19, 637 16, 989 179 Nebraska _ 9 4 18 130 355 12, 670 10, 874 178 Alliance _ _ _ _ 1 1 19 50 1,819 1,544 175 Columbus 1 1 10 45 1, 379 1, 238 180 Fairbury 6... _ 1 2 20 38 1,293 1, 073 176 Falls City _ _ 1 2 12 36 1, 210 1,102 177 Lexington _ _ 1 3 4 12 31 1, 435 1,231 180 McCook 1 5 26 45 1,640 1,465 176 Nebraska City _ _ 1 1 1 14 41 1, 461 1,271 180 South Sioux City 1 1 4 32 1,267 1,108 175 York _ _ _ 1 1 13 37 1,166 842 180 North Dakota . 6 9 65 185 6,712 6,035 179 Devils Lake _ _ ... . 1 2 10 39 1,342 1,202 180 Dickinson.. _ _ _ 1 1 10 26 1,101 957 180 Mandan.. . .. . 1 2 9 26 851 810 173 Valley City.. _ _ 1 13 29 1,060 951 180 Wahpeton _ _ _ _ 1 1 9 21 694 628 180 Williston _ _ 1 3 14 44 1,664 1, 487 180 Ohio . . . 60 10 114 923 2,159 82, 625 75, 202 176 Bedford _ .. . . . 1 1 4 27 76 2, 921 2,566 178 Bellevue. _ _ _ _ 1 1 14 35 1, 198 1,103 170 Celina . . 1 2 13 37 1,424 1,243 169 Circleville.. . ... ... _ 2 1 15 49 1,904 1,758 173 Dover.. _ _ _ _ 1 3 5 27 47 1,753 ' 1,679 177 Gallipolis. .. . . 1 2 15 36 1,733 1,569 172 Grandview Heights . 1 2 12 44 1,360 1,247 177 Greenville _ . 1 3 24 42 1,792 1, 698 175 Jackson... _ _ _ 1 1 17 35 1,662 1,483 173 Logan _ _ . _ 1 2 12 36 1, 390 1,283 178 Maumee. _ _ .. . . 1 3 18 41 1, 397 1, 281 172 Medina. . ._ .... 1 2 15 37 1,333 1,203 174 Miamisburg _ _ 1 4 17 48 2,021 1,817 173 Napoleon. . _ _ 3 15 22 1, 001 948 180 North College Hill.. _ 1 1 12 34 1,305 1, 133 186 Norwalk _ _ _ 1 1 1 17 39 1,507 1, 353 176 footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Dat Schools Instruction Adminis tration Salaries and Wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) 12 $15, 432 17, 535 14, 570 20, 878 17, 731 223, 646 $5, 000 4, 289 21,059 $4, 500 15, 440 4,650 5, 000 5,114 134, 893 $128, 775 244, 723 210, 682 175, 483 293, 745 2, 819,965 $4, 580 5, 32, 474 $23, 265 20, 695 15,115 14, 003 23, 836 292, 371 $156, 540 285, 438 230, 447 199,486 332, 382 3, 300, 767 $43, 903 111,580 140, 360 86, 938 112, 547 1,355, 216 $215, 875 414, 553 385, 3 307, 302 462, 660 4, 879, 629 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 318, 488 73, 851 359, 286 3, 762, 059 63,903 369, 666 4, 628, 765 1, 616, 879 6, 564, 132 8, 327 8,636 8,987 11, 738 16,783 28,110 6, 799 10, 589 8, 99 10, 282 9. 272 12, 209 9, 592 8, 521 159, 646 6, 168 '7, '449 12,250 4, 406 3, 3, 180 36,990 7,800 11, 380 19, 801 12, 153 12, 251 37, 968 7,523 23, 027 8, 366 15, 581 4,012 7,000 179, 498 Li 105, 304 145, 032 114, 009 124, 354 165, 960 180, 267 97, 362 154, 786 96, 315 143, 686 154, 090 185, 205 83, 393 123, 807 7, 515 1,980 2,518 3, 197 1,850 2, 542 7, 550 1, 1, 350 32, 009 9, 557 12, 197 10, 331 5, 850 23, 436 11,297 12, 838 5, 927 16, 116 21, 972 19, 949 17, 344 9, 453 7, 185, 810 128, 829 168, 609 153,288 142, 357 213, 897 237, 047 124, 109 189, 666 123, 994 186, 269 180, 593 217, 099 103, 468 136, 744 2, 322, 801 33, 791 50, 631 45,280 41, 868 70, 413 99, 150 35, 346 70, 706 41,007 74, 651 87, 589 77, 691 36, 608 52, 021 800, 127 170, 227, 207, 195, 301, 364, 166, 270, 173, 271, 277, 306, 149, 197, 3, 282, 87, 669 13, 407 69, 841 1, 354, 249 11, 175 122,900 1, 571, 572 497, 451 2, 156, 692 10,090 12,756 9, 539 8,036 7,601 12,929 9,575 6, 372 10, 771 10, 057 3, 350 4,705 4,600 8, 926 8, 150 12, 950 17, 525 4. 750 3, 885 4, 350 199, 764 162, 816 137, 826 136, 868 121,918 199, 845 153, 675 100, 206 141, 331 1,756 1, 889 1,800 2, 750 1,200 1,780 14, 228 14, 966 23,018 4, 359 11,882 22, 132 14, 565 7, 053 10, 697 220, 453 182, 382 171, 659 149, 377 158, 607 242, 252 177, 540 111, 144 158, 158 71, 175 63, 190 54, 157 63,460 28,864 77, 019 56, 850 34, 891 47, 845 301, 718 258, 328 235,355 220, 873 195, 072 332,200 243, 965 152, 407 216, 774 57, 606 39, 710 789,061 3, 120 46, 739 878, 630 223,699 1, 159, 935 10, 498 9,009 12, 573 10, 666 3,296 11, 564 9,000 4, 800 7, 980 4, 000 13, 930 164, 499 118, 132 110, 564 133, 621 93, 234 169, 011 3, 120 8,840 4, 183 4,946 13, 605 10,800 4, 365 182, 130, 123, 147, 108, 187, 47, 369 37, 672 36, 652 32, 079 35,340 34, 587 240, 206 176, 916 172, 715 189, 971 146, 670 233, 457 781, 222 23, 582 15, 873 11,623 13, 474 20,701 19, 043 13, 794 19, 308 12, 868 10, 172 13, 397 21,069 14, 340 12,568 9, 1851 17,883 37,298 535,335 10, 283, 964 113, 472 753,600 5,000 10, 586 22, 418 4,883 10, 465 4, 357 16, 868 8, 654 12, 083 12,763 4, 458 8,438 17, 469 7, 893 15, 529 3,333 4,500 5,000 381, 232 157, 328 161, 514 193, 220 207, 341 158, 993 207, 921 223, 302 164, 447 153, 160 172, 335 166, 625 197, 210 114, 221 142, 228 181, 253 4, 055 2, 652 6, 477 4, 129 2, 820 2, 187 3, 679 3, 692 1,785 39, 611 14, 471 13, 826 12, 969 21, 213 9, 386 9, 369 7, 029 15, 646 9, 381 12, 725 6, 643 17,674 9.860 5, 366] 15, 103 11, 723, 1 4, 352, 974 16, 857, 865 452, 316 176, 682 185, 805 210, 546 256, 008 179, 685 235, 850 247, 223 187, 371 173, 166 206, 208 184, 853 230, 413 124, 081 152, 094 206, 474 175, 774 90, 797 100, 042 56, 670 76, 717 57, 406 104, 957 88, 715 68, 625 31, 588 86, 587 103, 109 126,263 38, 806 27, 548 66, 481 376 377 378 379 380 381 651, 672 283, 352 297, 470 280,690 353, 426 256, 134 354,6011382 355, 246 383 268, 8641384 214, 926(385 306, 192 386 309, 031 387 371, 016 388 175, 455] 389 188, 827 390 290, 838 391 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 3 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ohio — Continued 1 4 21 57 1, 628 1, 507 181 Port Clinton _ _ 1 1 16 29 1,233 1,098 175 1 1 17 43 1, 567 1, 465 175 St. Bernard . . .. 1 2 16 25 565 504 189 1 5 18 40 1, 338 1, 274 178 1 2 16 30 1,316 1, 262 176 1 1 23 39 1, 562 1, 467 176 Upper Arlington _ 1 2 23 50 1, 965 1, 792 178 1 2 20 38 1, 683 1,489 178 1 1 10 30 1, 356 1,230 175 1 1 9 31 1,064 962 173 Wyoming... _ _ .. 1 2 11 29 1,052 846 185 Other cities - - 29 5 56 463 1, 060 40, 595 36, 942 176 South Dakota.. . . 7 1 15 105 228 7,627 7,000 179 Brookings _ 1 1 13 47 1, 263 1, 193 179 Hot Springs _ _ 1 2 10 20 903 829 180 Lead _ _ _ 1 4 18 36 1, 270 1, 155 180 Madison _ 1 1 15 27 975 864 178 Pierre . . . 1 1 2 20 37 1, 182 1, 146 179 Vermillion _ _ 1 4 12 21 734 688 181 Yankton . 1 1 17 40 1,300 1,125 176 Wisconsin _ 25 4 38 408 839 32, 382 28, 374 179 Antigo _ 1 1 19 49 1,764 1,571 176 Baraboo. _ 1 2 16 37 1, 469 1, 266 178 Menomonie 1 1 14 41 1, 496 1, 313 172 Merrill . . . . 1 1 2 30 36 1, 538 1, 394 177 Oconomowoc _ 1 2 17 37 1,481 1,248 187 Oconto _ 1 12 21 926 796 177 Rhinelander . . . 1 1 2 20 57 1, 929 1, 716 177 Sparta _ 1 16 31 1, 327 1, 102 176 Sturgeon Bay . . . 1 3 18 30 1, 279 1,172 178 Waupun _ _ 1 3 12 32 1,177 1, 026 179 West Bend . . . 1 2 21 39 1, 386 1, 197 184 West Milwaukee . . 2 2 18 28 1, 105 992 186 Other cities . . 12 2 18 195 401 15, 505 13, 581 179 SOUTH . . . 265 80 863 3, 386 15, 120 494, 122 422, 222 176 Alabama _ _ 21 43 224 1,038 33, 647 29, 993 177 Alexander City . 1 5 13 74 2,724 2,433 176 Andalusia _ 1 3 7 45 1, 627 1, 302 175 Atmore _ 1 14 547 453 175 Attalla.. . . . 1 l 35 1, 428 1, 278 176 Cullman _ 1 2 18 48 2, 050 1, 850 175 Jasper . . . . . . 1 3 2 41 1, 330 1, 165 175 Opp _ 1 1 6 31 968 898 176 Ozark _ _ _ 7 35 1,533 1,385 180 Tarrant City . . . 1 4 8 61 1, 942 1,767 180 Troy . . . 1 3 44 28 2,130 1, 948 176 Other cities . . . 11 22 118 626 17, 368 15, 914 177 Arkansas . . 17 7 62 245 1,258 45, 566 37,440 175 Batesville _ _ _ 1 1 3 12 43 1,728 1, 482 172 Benton _ _ _ 1 1 5 7 69 2, 588 2,082 175 Conway _ _ 1 3 10 59 2,102 1,689 175 Forrest City _ _ 1 3 25 118 5, 297 4, 134 173 Harrison _ 1 4 15 39 1, 710 1,503 176 Newport . . . 1 1 5 15 73 3,326 2,738 174 at end of group IV of this table CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 95 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Arkansas— Continued Osceola _ 4 8 37 1,838 1, 416 180 1 1 11 38 1,637 1,330 172 Russellville _ _ _ .. 1 3 13 47 2,114 1, 948 180 1 2 12 48 1,918 1,595 173 Othef cities _ _ 8 4 29 117 687 21, 308 17, 523 175 Delaware _ 5 8 116 215 7,813 6, 825 180 1 3 26 51 1, 742 1,481 180 Elsmere (Oak Grove School)- 1 4 27 909 795 180 Milford _ _ _ 1 22 42 1, 577 1, 362 180 1 2 27 58 1, 861 1, 720 180 New Castle. . _ 1 3 37 37 1,724 1,467 180 Georgia _ 11 1 43 142 697 24,510 20, 894 180 Carrollton 1 5 10 55 1,947 1,691 180 Cartersville _ .. ... 1 4 9 51 1,767 1,452 180 Cedartown _ 1 1 6 13 78 2, 560 2,116 180 Cor dele _ _ 1 2 15 64 2, 377 1,986 180 Douglas 1 3 14 58 2, 083 1,722 180 Elberton _ _ ... .. . 1 4 14 57 1,838 1,636 180 Fitzgerald 1 5 8 60 2, 027 1,717 180 Newnan.. . . . ... . 1 3 15 72 2, 545 2,134 180 Thomaston _ _ _ _ 1 7 25 83 2, 870 2, 620 180 Tifton _ 1 3 8 67 2, 523 2,101 180 Toccoa _ . . . . 1 1 11 52 1, 973 1,719 180 Kentucky. . _ _ 20 57 178 688 24, 674 21,782 179 Bellevue _ _ 1 2 12 24 860 745 192 Corbin _ 1 4 9 30 1 304 1 219 175 Danville. . ... _ 1 4 13 51 \ 577 L435 175 Dayton.. _ . 1 3 7 32 1167 1*080 191 Earlinger Elsmere _ _ ... 1 2 6 25 *877 *814 173 Elizabethtown.. .. 1 1 7 30 1,056 815 175 Glasgow. .. _ . 1 2 7 44 1*695 1 521 173 Harrodsburg _ _ _ 1 3 8 30 ’949 *895 176 Ludlow. _ . ... 1 2 8 22 701 622 185 Mayfield _ 1 6 13 49 1,814 1, 578 173 Murray _ . . ... 1 2 8 27 1092 *965 175 Winchester _ 1 4 8 49 l’ 712 1,380 192 Other cities _ 8 22 72 275 9,’ 870 8, 713 179 Mississippi _ 16 46 134 746 31, 621 26, 952 180 Aberdeen . . . 1 4 10 61 2 596 2 308 180 Brookhaven _ _ 1 3 15 53 2 559 2*130 180 Canton.. . 1 4 14 102 4’ 726 4* 172 180 Columbia. 1 2 9 47 l’ 941 1* 583 180 Corinth... _ 1 5 H 56 2’ 152 1* 925 180 Grenada . . 3, 3 g 57 l’ 662 1*320 178 Kosciusko . . 1 5 7 54 l' 982 1* 738 179 Picayune _ 1 3 9 38 1 803 1 560 180 Starkville... _ ... .. 1 3 g 48 2 055 1* 744 180 Yazoo City.. . . . 1 4 H 58 2 841 2 246 180 Other cities _ ... 4 10 32 172 7,’ 304 G, 226 180 North Carolina _ 17 20 72 225 1,378 44, 017 37, 952 180 Asheboro _ . _ 1 1 5 16 88 3, 387 3, 008 180 Chapel Hill _ 1 3 9 KQ 1 776 180 Hendersonville . . . 1 3 10 oy 49 1, 00D 1 636 1 432 180 Laurinburg _ ... 1 1 4l 16 77 3*154 2, 448 180 See footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 97 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma jor ac¬ counts4 Total six « major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Salaries and Wages Other s Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $6,968 8, 455 5, 500 8, 635 75, 116 $12, 250 3, 600 9,112 6,600 84, 657 $83, 259 108, 452 155, 888 118, 668 1, 066, 565 $1,910 1,430 2, 400 1, 620 7,884 $2, 147 821 4,200 1,290 39, 898 $99, 566 114, 303 171, 600 128, 178 1, 206, 799 $36, 213 30, 187 54, 500 56, 753 408, 647 $142, 747 152, 945 231, 600 193, 566 1, 690, 562 $7, 795 61, 638 42, 340 1, 272, 623 20, 738 81, 785 1, 417, 486 267, 256 1, 746, 380 16, 805 10, 596 10, 443 8, 400 15, 394 15, 640 295, 252 105, 754 259, 622 360, 727 251, 268 19, 039 6, 163 20, 526 12,000 24, 057 329, 931 111, 917 287, 115 394, 185 294, 338 61, 353 45, 604 59, 303 48,000 52, 996 408, 089 168, 117 356, 861 450, 585 362, 728 6, 967 9, 258 4, 513 12,200 14, 500 129,563 3,100 173, 174 2,172, 319 6, 508 76, 871 2, 431,972 435, 477 2, 997, 012 7,508 11,178 15, 634 10, 026 6,984 14, 222 13, 227 12, 710 13, 741 12,149 12,184 17,008 16, 400 24, 920 8, 000 13,700 15, 001 18, 500 14, 770 24, 500 16, 025 4,350 141,993 150,019 214, 724 185, 642 173, 693 184, 753 181,483 259, 602 306, 517 212, 096 161,797 1,940 3,137 1,668 4,174 288 6,289 6, 918 11,845 7,915 16, 697 13, 430 4, 510 164,078 168, 087 248,118 193, 930 193, 682 206, 672 211,828 282, 287 351,082 241,551 170, 657 26, 728 25, 970 62, 091 32, 823 29, 947 73, 457 20, 257 42, 025 55, 319 39, 623 27, 237 198, 314 205, 235 325, 843 236, 779 230, 613 294, 351 245, 312 337, 022 420, 142 293, 323 210, 078 3,100 1,200 3, 368 232,675 181, 763 1,909, 873 5,882 76,420 2, 173, 938 597,153 3, 003, 766 13, 609 12,860 11,461 13, 004 10, 247 12, 633 9,897 9, 723 12, 509 13,163 7, 027 13, 472 93, 070 8, 242 11,750 13, 632 12, 900 5, 577 3,088 6, 871 7, 370 6, 783 16,115 6,000 12, 640 70, 795 101,923 90, 606 162, 060 97, 109 69, 040 88, 490 114, 433 76, 261 76, 051 130, 463 82, 000 132, 916 688, 521 4,810 1,987 4, 687 4, 650 1,257 3, 048 1,373 3, 245 2, 299 5,190 4, 435 5,142 34, 297 114, 975 104, 343 180,379 116, 659 75, 874 95,166 122, 677 88, 591 85,133 151,768 92, 435 150,698 795, 240 25, 932 22, 610 44, 174 30, 034 22, 864 22, 374 21,582 25, 123 21,594 54, 282 13, 925 72, 573 220, 086 154, 516 139,813 236, 014 159, 697 108, 985 130,173 154,156 123, 437 119, 236 219, 213 113, 387 236, 743 1,108, 396 2, 000 540 1,715 1,627 142,982 158, 493 1,482, 553 9,907 58, 039 1,708,992 377, 638 2,229, 612 11,081 12,889 12, 644 10, 393 11,175 10, 570 6, 758 11,503 9, 385 13, 555 33, 029 11,240 10, 720 16, 345 11,579 17, 280 9, 735 14. 440 9, 900 10. 440 12, 650 34, 164 91,613 144,484 161,554 115, 008 146,175 146, 990 101, 348 94, 961 109, 594 125,030 245, 836 1,730 3,247 8,160 1,001 2, 930 2,200 6,127 4, 016 3, 917 6,525 18,186 104, 583 159,826 187, 859 127, 588 166, 385 160, 525 124, 540 108, 877 123, 951 145, 354 299, 544 28,217 33, 156 43, 309 13, 990 29, 066 29, 099 59, 314 24, 662 19, 590 34, 064 63,171 143, 881 205, 871 243, 812 151,971 206, 626 200, 194 190, 612 145, 042 152, 926 192, 973 395, 744 1,375 1,800 1,600 2, 625 1,149 1,358 209, 628 61,711 339, 524 4,439,187 32, 142 112, 865 4, 985, 429 871, 405 6, 066, 462 12, 604 12, 772 12, 852 13, 871 4, 828 25, 287 14, 032 12, 544 20,120 344, 000 220, 984 202, 458 280,117 1,329 588 7, 033 2, 702 4, 835 381,325 242, 049 220, 233 307, 922 73, 889 30, 938 29, 790 59, 446 467, 818 285, 759 262, 875 381,239 2, 529 2,850 447 448 449 450 ! 451 i452 1 453 454 455 456 457 : 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV. — CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru Staff i tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 North Carolina— Con. Lumberton _ 1 4 9 77 2, 892 2, 347 180 Mooresville _ _ _ 1 1 5 11 60 2,122 1,908 180 Morgan ton . . 1 1 5 11 61 2, 261 2, 094 180 Newton _ 1 1 4 12 56 2,118 1,923 180 Roanoke Rapids _ 1 3 6 21 82 2, 926 2,570 180 Washington . . 1 1 4 17 100 3, 825 3,060 180 Other cities . . . . 7 11 29 93 669 17, 810 14,386 180 Oklahoma . . 24 6 95 386 862 38, 078 31,107 178 Altus . . . _. 1 7 16 58 2, 729 1,920 180 Alva _ _ 1 4 17 32 1,290 1,118 175 Bethany _ _ 1 2 13 21 1,089 887 175 1 3 18 27 1,453 1,192 178 Clinton _ _ 1 1 5 21 37 1,807 1,551 179 Drumright _ 1 1 3 8 34 1,288 1,043 175 Elk City _ _ _ 1 3 17 36 1, 569 1,382 176 Frederick _ 1 5 18 36 1,673 1,338 175 Henryetta _ _ 1 4 22 46 2,122 1,740 180 Hobart _ 1 5 17 29 1,389 1,159 177 Holden ville _ 1 2 17 32 1,461 1,212 180 Hugo _ .. 1 6 14 43 1,751 1, 433 180 Pauls Valley. _ _ 1 6 10 56 1,936 1,549 180 Pawhuska _ _ 1 1 4 16 25 1,250 1,038 176 Perry _ _ . 1 2 16 26 1,085 913 175 Woodward _ 1 3 17 37 1,506 1,273 177 Other cities . 8 3 31 129 287 11,680 10, 359 178 South Carolina . . 20 8 47 323 1,834 61, 282 53,109 180 Camden _ 1 4 17 126 4, 691 3, 967 179 Chester.. . . 1 3 10 85 3) 124 2 703 180 Clinton _ _ _ 1 3 5 5 58 2, 166 lj 878 180 Darlington _ _ . 1 2 13 72 2, 750 2,316 179 Hartsville _ _ _ _ 1 3 23 95 3) 325 2, 891 179 Lancaster . . . 1 1 28 103 3, 846 3, 313 180 Laurens _ .. 1 2 13 55 2, 316 2, 073 180 Marion _ ... 1 3 16 59 2, 308 1,989 179 Newberry _ _ 1 14 85 2, 731 2, 358 180 Union . . . . 1 1 22 93 3, 660 3, 279 180 Other cities - - - 10 5 23 162 1,003 30, 365 26, 342 180 Tennessee _ 15 2 40 97 612 20, 575 18, 368 175 Alcoa _ _ 1 5 13 45 1, 584 1, 503 179 Athens _ ._ 2 5 52 lj 629 l| 503 175 Franklin _ ... . 1 2 7 30 ’980 878 175 Greeneville . . . 1 2 6 2 47 1,889 1,614 175 Harriman _ _ 1 4 7 47 1, 459 1,333 175 Lebanon... . . .. .. 1 3 3 47 1^674 1, 510 175 Lenoir City. _ _ 1 2 9 36 1,396 1,208 175 Maryville _ _ 1 4 15 43 1,477 1,317 176 McMinnville _ 1 3 37 1,210 1,042 175 Paris _ _ _ _ . 1 3 4 53 1 393 1,207 175 Other cities . . . . 4 11 29 175 5, 885 5, 253 175 Texas . . . . 94 34 336 1,267 5,580 155, 522 131,788 171 Alamo Heights _ _ 2 5 17 94 2 733 2 174 177 Alpine _ _ 1 3 13 35 985 ’903 175 Arlington . . . . . 1 1 6 17 68 2,442 2,170 173 Athens. _ _ 2 3 11 57 1, 736 1, 593 176 Bay City . . . 2 5 18 71 2 249 2, 088 175 Beeville. . . 2 4 14 63 2,330 1,956 180 footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 99 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration 10 $13, 950 12, 450 12, 835 11,212 10, 100 14, 904 82, 078 Salaries and Wapes Super¬ visors $4, 440 4,010 3, 850 11,514 4, 794 25, 425 Princi¬ pals $14, 000 24, 294 23, 630 18, 900 27,145 21,560 138, 012 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff 13 $245, 720 236, 092 241,041 222, 643 321,204 369, 903 1,755, 025 Clerks $1,490 1,320 8, 740 4,203 12, 531 Other * $12, 500 5, 279 8,245 6, 517 3,490 6, 228 50,155 Total in¬ structional expenditures $272, 220 271,595 278, 246 251,910 372, 093 406, 688 1,981,148 Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts4 $45,800 57, 361 42, 699 53, 325 82, 729 54, 809 340, 619 Total six * major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) $331,970 341,406 333, 780 316, 447 464, 922 476, 401 2, 403, 845 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 287, 246 16, 357 364, 516 3, 676, 261 13, 535 130, 772 4,201,441 944, 161 5. 432. 10.386 14. 173 3. 714 4. 125 8. 168 13, 150 16. 801 2. 751 6, 455 9. 117 15. 089 10.012 25. 855 13, 081 31, 972 6, 744 95, 653 3. 750 3, 410 3, 750 5. 447 28, 000 16, 750 8. 457 11, 750 21,650 11.468 11,555 21. 275 14, 300 18, 250 8, 750 21, 710 21.600 13. 500 6,750 9, 490 119, 261 215, 823 150, 572 99. 858 162. 335 164, 257 128. 226 160.713 153. 870 216, 425 140. 251 150, 427 171.848 171,588 127, 745 138, 988 182. 991 , 140. 344 1,275 2, 350 1.750 1,210 3,250 3,' 700 2. 783 4.589 4.771 1,976 5. 931 7, 105 4, 348 3,907 7, 760 5. 803 3,839 4. 224 10. 273 8,815 4, 850 2 106 47. 692 246.606 171 911 113 086 176, 061 196. 863 150. 209 176.616 181. 402 238, 485 164. 304 164, 786 198. 992 203. 461 153. 810 153. 83S 194. 587 1.316. 444 52. 033 37. 245 20. 281 27. 065 43. 699 42. 216 43, 359 38. 594 43, 801 45. 050 33. 781 39. 116 47. 127 34, 620 60. 923 41.717 293, 534 309. 223, 137. 207. 248. 205. 236. 222, 288. 218. 213 248. 276. 201. 246. 243. 1 705. 232, 984 11, 951 7, 696 7.803 11.020 19, 298 5. 983 17, 631 9,011 10, 870 18, 876 112. 845 19, 950 186, 245 9, 975 9, 975 16. 278 7. 452 16. 622 9, 684 14. 447 4. 552 8. 364 11,940 5. 375 91, 531 5. 049, 974 363. 155 215. 605 121. 844 264, 381 362. 555 279. 670 176.641 205. 270 262, 224 336. 499 2, 462. 130 152. 723 5, 408, 892 987. 262 6 629. 138 1,784 5, 686 3. 897 6. 496 35. 259 4.249 3.388 4.868 3. 153 4. 474 79, 469 381.217 228. 743 152, 338 280. 561 412. 261 288, 471 188. 393 222. 078 265. 377 346. 348 2. 643. 105 72. 342 66. 888 51. 890 35. 870 75. 840 32. 010 23. 613 41. 179 57. 982 51,663 477. 985 465. 3C3 212. 327. 507. 326. 229. 272. 334. 416, 3. 233, 129,746 123, 430 1.476, 142 4,338 1, 279 1.677.881 396, 186 2.203.813 9,234 7, 870 10, 489 10, 232 9, 682 4, 827 1,867 7, 300 12. 532 37, 107 18,000 4, 692 17,880 12,000 9,000 6, 327 12, 000 9, 315 33, 028 132, 036 119. 205 93. 392 127, 642 118, 136 101. 209 103, 100 150, 869 84. 391 110, 745 332, 417 227 1.270 1.241 8. 674 6. 871 2.048 3,500 4. 746 1,562 5. 081 5. 988 2.200 4.358 24. 251 158.710 120. 303 101.320 153 714 134. 882 114. 771 114.508 170. 457 86. 591 125.688 390, 937 39. 722 37. 507 27, 593 36, 450 20. 662 26. 235 27. 059 28. 862 24. 502 36. 627 90. 967 207. 038 173. 044 136. 783 200. 653 165. 776 150.688 140.394 211 186 118. 393 174.847 519.011 , 588, 884 42. 165 12, 500 22, 414 7, 819 29, 507 21,362 124,136 1.567,498 4, 420 27, 167 11, 314 26, 619 14, 006 20, 807 18, 530 19. 495, 357 415, 532 159, 000 249, 257 227, 458 269, 374 235,899 194,481 982.169 22. 363. 641 5. 378, 981 29.331.512 9, 704 1.500 1,147 1.500 21, 878 3. 000 9, 938 7, 138 14, 435 12. 199 474. 281 174.814 291,381 250. 102 304, 616 266, 628 107. 631 21. 500 57. 833 51.093 65, 205 53,329 624. 077 551 208. 8 14 j 552 371.628 553 309. 01 4 1 554 399, 328,555 341,3191556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 595 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 5 S3 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru Staff i tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Texas— Continued Belton _ _ 1 1 5 12 52 1,701 1,450 175 1 3 20 51 1,693 1, 526 175 Childress. _ .. _ l 1 3 12 54 1,807 1,576 176 Coleman. _ r... 1 1 4 13 48 1,308 1,192 180 1 2 15 57 1,873 1, 573 175 1 1 11 33 1,003 959 175 Conroe _ _ _ 1 1 5 22 113 3,159 2,955 176 1 6 12 44 1,659 1,359 175 Dalhart . . 1 6 24 40 1,483 1, 283 175 1 4 10 53 2, 626 1,987 176 El Campo _ _ 2 1 4 23 59 1, 957 1,802 176 1 13 55 168 5, 857 4, 405 177 1 5 15 75 2,037 1, 793 177 Henderson _ _ _ 1 3 15 84 2, 310 2, 064 177 Hereford . . . 2 1 4 20 54 1, 849 1,595 175 Hillsboro . . . . 1 1 7 24 54 1,983 1, 654 175 Kerin it 2 4 26 62 1, 907 1, 637 176 Kerrville _ _ 1 2 14 48 1,884 1, 661 175 Kilgore .... 2 7 25 116 2, 774 2, 564 177 Levelland. . . . . 2 7 17 82 2, 864 2, 365 175 Lockhart. .. _ _ .. 1 1 2 13 68 2, 526 1, 761 176 Marlin . . . 1 1 3 22 76 2,769 2, 382 175 Mexia. _ _ _ _ 1 4 9 50 1, 501 1, 349 178 Monahans.. _ _ 2 1 8 15 56 1, 982 1,664 175 Mount Pleasant _ 1 1 5 23 50 2, 030 1, 820 175 Navasota _ 1 4 15 59 1, 794 1,614 175 Raymondville _ _ 1 1 6 16 54 2, 623 1, 819 180 Rusk _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 10 31 1,064 979 176 Sulphur Springs . . . 2 1 8 24 65 2, 359 2,136 176 Uvalde. ... .. _ 1 2 13 60 2, 261 1, 906 176 Weatherford.. _ _ 1 7 10 70 2,001 1, 926 175 Weslaco . . . . 1 2 6 13 82 3, 350 2, 413 175 Other cities _ _ 45 18 158 609 3, 124 73, 053 61, 735 171 Virginia _ 5 2 14 49 212 6,817 6, 012 180 Buena Vista _ _ 1 1 5 26 1, 017 906 180 Clifton Forge _ 1 1 3 8 30 1, 061 951 180 Falls Church.. ... 1 3 14 44 1, 233 1, 005 180 Radford _ _ 1 5 7 61 1, 847 1, 610 180 Williamsburg.. . . _ 1 1 2 15 51 1, 659 1, 540 180 WEST _ _ _ 184 96 458 2,735 6, 314 262, 362 225, 688 176 Arizona _ 17 11 48 312 646 31, 174 25, 748 173 Flagstaff _ _ _ 1 4 30 54 2,778 2, 340 178 Glendale: Elementary District _ 2 12 51 2,506 1, 882 169 High-School District _ 1 2 26 18 1, 157 946 172 Globe _ 1 3 18 45 2, 122 1, 759 175 Nogales.. . . . 1 1 1 19 37 1, 577 1, 378 167 Prescott _ _ _ 1 1 6 31 56 2, 921 2,467 177 Winslow _ _ _ 1 2 2 19 44 1, 934 1, 659 177 Yuma: Elementary District _ 1 2 6 13 78 3,248 2,571 165 High-School District _ 3 2 27 16 1, 234 1, 047 172 Other cities _ _ 5 5 22 117 247 11, 697 9,699 173 footnotes at end of group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 101 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and Wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) 10 12 14 17 $18, 766 14, 860 15,355 16, 199 17, 210 14, 952 34,889 17, 545 18, 910 20, 448 33, 871 58, 764 32, 670 17, 068 22, 057 18, 053 38, 323 22, 375 30, 708 30, 943 13, 000 17,441 15, 254 22, 793 17, 527 14,257 28, 874 9, 253 18, 988 20, 654 13, 750 25, 286 742, 074 $3, 202 4,720 4, 120 5, 616 4, 450 4,000 4, 000 4, 360 4,668 4,120 4,780 4, 300 7,869 54, 631 $19, 150 18.399 12, 635 18. 392 9, 168 5, 400 22, 472 24, 601 19, 341 17, 935 18, 553 70, 252 26, 864 15, 432 19, 054 24, 004 22, 839 10, 980 39, 600 33, 297 10, 164 12, 924 20, 000 38. 400 27, 461 18, 966 21,356 8,129 33, 310 9,240 24. 392 27,175 749, 170 $181,894 203,031 222, 945 194, 713 212, 926 159, 800 418, 062 186, 683 175, 862 226.848 257, 592 826, 448 351,725 294, 600 239, 271 229, 207 342, 309 247,115 499, 000 378, 979 249, 638 295, 293 181,826 279, 699 221,463 215,395 192, 100 138, 904 281,877 246, 807 236, 850 277, 198 9, 272, 777 $1,500 3, 100 21,427 3,190 23, 447 10, 847 5,105 7, 370 2, 250 i, 594 2, 270 1,305 1,766 4,196 91,263 $13, 356 2,880 7,993 1,068 4, 10, 486 21, 759 6,995 6,304 5, 456 25, 843 47,950 24, 251 11,243 6, 218 8, 560 31,360 11,421 32, 650 21,813 8, 918 6, 569 11,912 12, 644 19, 254 8,313 11, 5, 728 7,739 18,675 7, 17,870 473, 700 $217, 602 224, 310 248. 293 218. 293 228, 533 178, 786 489,336 218, 279 201, 507 250, 239 310, 058 968,097 413, 687 326, 380 268,993 265, 771 403, 878 269, 516 571,250 436, 339 272, 720 320, 740 213, 738 335, 411 272, 298 242, 674 232, 372 152, 761 328, 531 276, 488 269, 090 334, 308 10, 641, 541 $48,320 37, 991 54, 918 53,274 72, 416 36, 127 144, 269 31,487 51, 385 52, 258 72, 046 295, 661 219, 378 68, 306 83, 922 62, 310 110, 730 36. 452 140, 500 141,509 36, 939 66, 214 38, 949 89, 497 52, 582 47, 591 48. 453 38, 221 59, 295 57, 012 44,909 69, 244 2, 560, 231 $284, 277, 318, 287, 318, 229, 668, 267, 271, 322, 415, 1,322, 665, 411, 374, 346, 552, 328, 742, 608, 322, 404, 267, 447. 342, 304, 309, 200, 406, 354, 327, 428, 13, 943, 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 49, 318 6,420 54, 586 722, 466 15,875 38, 560 837, 907 206, 327 1,093, 552 3, 552 3, 050 21,877 10,608 10, 231 3. 300 3,120 2,900 10, 800 13, 876 18, 210 71,578 110, 702 176, 180, 432 182, 756 8, 729 1, 5, 738 1,423 607 15, 784 6,428 14, 318 75,901 125,409 215, 387 206, 478 214, 732 14, 571 26, 576 52, 368 52, 706 60, 106 94, 024 155, 035 289, 632 269, 792 285, 069 595 1,757, 838 444, 789 2,198, 909 35, 748, 049 564, 820 2, 720, 314 41,676, 881 13, 502, 378 56, 937, 097 596 192, 718 48,088 223, 164 4, 308, 676 55, 352 260, 184 4, 895, 464 1,070,695 6,158, 877 1 597 20, 361 12,025 22, 339 16, 891 17, 513 16, 297 11,421 17, 796 14,673 43, 402 23, 000 4, 940 7, 992 8, 832 7,500 18, 824 9,747 14, 004 5,460 34, 586 10, 911 25, 701 11,500 88, 255 331,220 246, 478 179, 488 231,270 209, 724 376, 102 267, 181 315,203 166, 283 , 985, 727 8,285 3, 000 2,392 8, 054 2, 720 6, 295 21,406 18, 425 6, 431 23, 590 12, 820 10, 917 21,818 8,705 34,027 23, 029 100, 422 375, 845 252, 909 221,110 261,094 233, 433 448, 552 298, 349 382, 431 207, 107 2, 214, 634 122, 811 53, 466 66, 709 66, 845 68, 007 117, 71,210 98, 619 83, 556 321,606 519,017 598 318,400 599 310,158 600 344, 830 601 318, 953 602 582, 715 603 380, 980 604 498, 846 605 305, 336 606 2, 579,642 607 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP TV— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru staff ' tio Men ctional (posi- >ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught » 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 California . . 93 50 181 1, 164 2.745 116, 569 101, 280 173 Banning _ 1 1 19 36 1,469 1,341 172 2 2 19 21 1, 236 1, 026 176 Delano: 2 4 12 54 1,934 1,695 172 High-Scbool District _ 4 1 33 12 1, 102 1, 053 175 El Monte: Elementary District . 4 7 8 45 162 7, 395 6,131 173 High-School District . 3 2 76 67 3,700 3, 136 176 El Segundo . . 1 1 4 26 62 2, 278 2,009 174 Escondido: Elementary District _ 2 4 13 61 2, 406 2,090 176 High-School District . 1 1 20 14 941 806 177 1 2 15 51 1, 966 1, 825 170 Huntington Beach: 2 1 6 40 1, 021 909 172 High-School District . 2 1 24 22 1, 025 816 175 Lindsay. . _ 1 4 15 36 1,573 1, 511 172 Lompoc _ _ 1 1 2 23 43 1, 469 1,249 176 Martinez: Elementary District _ 3 48 1,432 1,097 177 High-School District . 2 2 19 26 1, 452 1, 275 172 Mill Valley: Elementary District _ 2 4 5 54 1,989 1,802 177 High-School District - 2 2 6 37 34 2,105 1, 684 177 Mountain View: Elementary District . 1 1 2 17 44 1, 951 1, 753 170 High-School District . 1 2 1 19 19 1,178 1,042 172 North Sacramento . . 1 5 9 26 133 4,533 4,079 170 Oroville: Elementary District.... 1 7 42 1, 986 1, 766 175 High-School District . 1 1 28 18 1, 015 861 173 Palm Springs . . 2 1 8 21 43 1, 555 1, 354 174 Porterville . . 1 3 2 24 80 3,481 2,699 171 Roseville: Elementary District _ 1 3 11 30 1, 474 1, 381 173 High-School District _ 1 1 15 14 1, 297 1,037 172 San Anselmo . . 3 4 7 43 1,421 1,385 180 Selma . 1 3 3 7 48 1, 650 1, 402 170 Sierra Madre _ 1 1 6 19 710 677 171 Tracy: Elementary District . 2 3 3 61 2,052 1, 850 174 High-School District _ 1 1 18 15 717 646 172 Ukiah: Elementary District . 1 1 2 2 43 1, 729 1,544 170 High-School District _ 1 1 13 11 752 610 170 Upland . . . 1 3 12 29 1, 337 1,258 175 Yeuba City _ _ 1 3 7 44 1, 658 1, 477 170 Other cities . 38 23 81 514 1, 166 49, 580 43, 034 173 Colorado . 10 3 30 173 456 16, 653 15, 112 178 Alamosa _ 1 3 15 42 1, 491 1, 453 178 Canon City . . . 2 2 23 51 1, 548 1, 517 180 Durango . 1 3 2 19 41 1, 607 1,462 181 Fort Morgan _ 1 4 20 58 1,991 1,842 172 La Junta 8 _ _ 1 8 28 70 2. 572 2,481 180 Lamar . 1 1 16 42 1,732 1,433 177 Longmont . . . 1 5 28 49 2, 315 1,914 179 Loveland . 1 2 14 65 2, 221 1,942 179 Sterling (Elementary) Dist... 1 3 10 38 1, 176 1, 068 177 Idaho: Blackfoot . 1 4 18 70 2,465 2,110 172 footnotes at end of Group IV of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 103 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Salaries and Wages Other * Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six « major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $810, 065 $228, 209 $898, 807 $16, 712,762 $299, 058 $1,450,291 $19, 589,127 $6, 397, 953 $26,797,145 16, 225 6,100 197, 722 19, 002 222, 824 80, 027 319, 076 13,164 11 ’ 500 191 j 782 15,501 218, 783 71,134 303, 081 11,871 11,400 269, 213 21,144 301,757 82, 823 396, 451 12, 024 7, 000 224, 701 32, 763 264, 464 146, 739 423, 227 66, 256 34, 446 47, 209 795, 709 26, 449 49, 259 953, 072 365,167 1,384, 495 48, 532 10, 000 685, 322 5, 000 94, 728 795, 050 261,463 1,105, 045 25, 471 6, 250 25, 000 357,128 19, 896 39, 132 447, 406 248, 827 721,704 22, 432 18, 016 244, 949 10, 000 11, 683 284, 648 77, 022 384, 102 14, 926 5, 984 155. 438 12, 978 18, 871 193, 271 78. 916 287. 113 13, 783 9, 200 248, 335 21, 451 278, 986 90, 718 383, 487 11, 371 5,400 175, 180 11, 050 191, 630 78, 141 281. 142 17, 698 7, 000 241, 254 29, 127 277, 381 180, 323 475. 402 12, 062 16. 424 190, 114 4,453 9, 247 220, 238 88. 486 320. 786 16, 308 4,250 11, 600 250, 301 7,038 14, 198 287, 387 54, 671 358, 366 17, 059 18, 520 221, 642 24, 309 264, 471 105, 368 386. 898 17, 138 12, 500 252, 858 26, 709 292, 067 139, 690 448, 895 25. 076 21, 000 237, 667 15, 580 274. 247 91, 397 390, 720 39, 090 9,656 28, 965 382, 111 23, 874 60, 161 504, 767 190, 186 734, 043 14, 981 5,000 10, 400 229, 890 15, 230 260, 520 64, 931 340, 432 11, 717 10, 600 7, 200 179, 530 37, 948 235, 278 89, 962 336, 957 24, 748 24, 754 42, 541 489, 799 19, 599 38, 419 615, 112 155, 242 795, 102 13, 275 229, 234 22, 571 251, 805 63, 507 328, 587 8, 541 4, 500 175. 507 2, 266 14, 382 196, 655 93, 393 298. 589 26, 980 5," 700 42, 100 311,016 15, 000 32, 839 406, 655 160, 881 594, 516 17, 475 14, 100 10, 700 368, 259 3, 450 14, 955 411, 464 105, 617 534, 556 16, 930 15, 600 157, 423 14, 058 187, 081 41, 714 245. 725 11, 308 5. 400 139, 317 20, 482 165, 199 60, 647 237, 154 11, 980 20, 000 179, 535 2,184 14, 421 216. 140 55, 791 283, 911 10, 952 11, 966 13, 454 183, 489 4, 485 15, 969 229, 363 58. 448 298, 763 6, 460 4, 000 89, 324 2. 182 7,036 102, 542 28, 238 137, 240 j 13, 622 15, 200 262, 085 15, 679 292, 964 74, 961 381, 547 12, 774 7,800 146, 335 16, 767 170, 902 78, 103 261, 779 18, 443 4,500 9,100 175, 220 21, 868 210, 688 56, 532 285, 663 10, 036 5,200 102, 287 8, 659 116. 146 48. 104 174, 286 10, 287 13, 140 141, 195 3, 863 10, 578 168, 776 61, 325 240, 388 9, 084 13, 500 159, 843 10, 012 3, 600 186, 955 53. 263 249, 302 159. 986 96, 987 385, 154 7, 672, 048 126, 329 611, 915 8, 892, 433 2, 616. 196 11, 668, 615 100, 681 12, 072 116, 659 1, 830, 786 23, 782 126, 743 2, 110, 042 687, 085 2, 897. 808 7,037 10, 449 155, 747 2, 917 7, 619 176, 732 50, 780 234. 549 15, 418 8, 755 213, 462 4,635 12, 891 239, 743 85, 476 340, 637 11, 427 12, 072 9, 500 178, 124 16, 715 216, 411 73, 175 301,013 10. 205 15, 831 239, 385 5,636 18. 606 279, 458 121, 171 410, 834 13. Ill 26, 209 247, 680 18, 422 292, 311 107. 077 412,499! 15, 710 5, 735 163. 802 8, 566 178, 103 31, 260 225, 073 10, 570 19, 807 246, 841 7, 124 15, 789 289, 561 84, 717 384. 848 10, 293 8,036 246, 234 3, 470 17, 789 275. 529 87, 579 373, 401 6, 910 12, 337 139, 511 10, 346 162, 194 45, 850 214, 954 - 1 . 14, 758 20, 858 252, 777 19, 065 292, 700 144, 774 452, 232,' 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 607 068 670 671 672 673 674 075 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 inst tha 2 3 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui staff * tioi Men ctional (posi- us) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Montana . . 1 7 3 12 70 259 8,395 7,561 181 1 3 15 40 1, 228 1, 178 181 Havre. _ _ . ... _ _ 1 1 16 50 1,658 1, 379 180 Kalispell (Elementary Dist.)_. 1 5 9 52 1,630 1,545 180 Lewistown _ _ 1 3 3 20 39 1, 371 1,290 183 2 3 39 1, 277 1, 114 180 Miles~City (Elementary Dist.). 1 7 39 1,231 1, 055 180 Nevada . . 4 5 31 92 3,242 2, 747 180 Elko: 1 4 25 844 704 181 2 2 12 12 376 332 181 Sparks~ - - - 1 3 15 55 2,022 1,711 178 New Mexico _ _ . 15 6 41 210 532 21, 574 17, 807 179 Almagordo _ 4 3 20 52 2, 211 1.808 175 Artesia .. _ .. . 2 1 5 37 66 3, 163 2,530 180 Deming _ _ _ 1 3 21 47 2, 060 1,641 180 Gallup _ 1 8 47 29 2,204 1,767 180 Las Vegas City . . 2 1 4 32 47 1,935 1,767 180 Las Vegas Town 1 3 4 42 1,354 1,229 180 Portales... _ . ... 1 2 5 30 2, 698 2, 182 180 Raton . 1 5 14 66 2, 483 1,913 180 Silver City .. ... .. ... 1 2 1 4 34 1,210 1,065 175 Tucumcari _ ... . . 1 4 21 60 2, 256 1,905 180 Oregon _ 19 15 86 402 838 33, 006 28, 600 179 Ashland _ ... . 1 I 4 22 44 2,119 1,707 176 Baker.. _ _ _ _ _ 1 8 26 49 1,881 1,763 181 Coos Bay - .. . .. .. 2 2 12 34 75 2,603 2, 471 182 Hillsboro: Elementary District _ 1 3 11 36 1, 139 922 180 High School District _ 2 1 20 17 992 923 183 Lebanon _ ... _ 2 2 4 26 49 2,114 1, 767 182 North Bend _ .. . _ 1 1 3 29 50 1,880 1,516 185 Oregon City 1 7 28 57 2 395 1,817 180 Roseburg _ _ 1 2 6 44 92 3,302 3, 010 178 The Dalles.. _ _ 1 1 3 21 44 1,570 1,474 177 Other cities... ... _ _ _ 6 6 35 141 325 13, 011 11, 250 179 Utah: Murray _ _ _ _ 1 1 5 27 48 2,603 2. 332 176 Washington... . 16 7 44 314 568 24, 472 20, 950 179 Anacortes. _ _ 1 4 26 45 1, 679 1,305 180 Auburn _ _ ... 3 1 5 32 70 3, 142 2, 621 180 Centralia6. ... ... . _ 2 1 3 43 71 2,697 2, 499 179 Chehalis. _ . _ 1 1 3 19 32 1,559 1,303 176 Clarkston _ _ _ 1 4 26 40 1,906 1,595 180 Ellensburg. . _ _ _ 2 4 33 51 2, 176 1,995 180 Kelso _ _ . ... _ 1 3 7 31 79 3,335 3,084 179 Mount Vernon 6... ...... 1 3 32 49 1,970 1,690 180 Port Townsend _ _ _ 1 1 2 16 29 1, 185 1,035 180 Shelton _ . . 2 5 24 53 2, 360 1,963 180 Toppenisb _ _ _ .. 1 4 32 49 2, 463 1,860 180 Wyoming: Rawlins. _ ._ . 1 2 14 60 2, 209 1, 441 176 Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom auction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided that half or more n half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. The actual number of days in the school year that children were provided instruction. Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and er expense, including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where textbooks CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 105 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Salaries and wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total 5 six major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $65, 890 $11, 695 $49, 042 $1, 054, 435 $3, 120 $64, 416 $1, 182, 708 $399, 722 $1, 648, 320 658 11, 008 13, 642 169, 491 12, 218 195, 351 58, 946 265, 305 659 13, 445 5, 000 228^ 224 12, 114 245, 338 69, 565 328, 348 660 9^ 621 18, 000 197. 995 8, 385 224, 380 72. 040 306, 041 661 13, 442 11,695 12, 400 188, 383 3,120 18, 387 233, 985 87, 425 334, 852 662 9, 561 136, 270 7, 825 144, 095 39, 740 193, 396 663 8, 813 134; 072 5, 487 139, 559 72, 006 220, 378 664 36, 104 23, 320 413, 757 3,900 37, 271 478, 248 113, 635 627, 987 665 9,080 96, 923 7,274 104, 197 29, 351 142, 628 666 16, 028 9, 820 83, 778 3, 300 12, 711 109, 609 40, 860 166, 497 667 10, 996 13, 500 233, 056 600 17,286 264, 442 43, 424 318, 862 668 138, 979 28,640 197, 371 2, 679, 856 33, 319 101, 192 3, 040, 378 766, 089 3, 945, 446 669 15, 919 15,000 273, 673 8, 220 296, 893 80, 085 392, 897 670 20, 570 5, 390 26, 171 386, 384 7, 724 12, 583 438, 252 116, 630 575, 452 671 18, 859 16, 620 277, 854 5, 991 6,755 307, 220 90, 119 416, 198 672 6, 855 35, 601 245, 225 6,129 11, 474 298, 429 62, 289 367, 573 673 16, 034 4,940 18, 115 272, 712 17, 525 313, 292 79, 215 408, 541 674 9,606 13, 600 155, 414 5, 194 174, 208 29, 674 213, 488 675 17, 914 9, 770 23, 830 344, 874 9, 062 14, 426 401, 962 135, 493 555, 369 676 9, 539 22, 948 285, 605 5, 995 314, 548 72, 183 396, 270 677 10, 902 8,540 4, 580 154, 390 6,400 173, 910 36, 380 221, 192 678 12, 781 20, 906 283, 725 4, 413 12, 620 321, 664 64, 021 398, 466 679 178, 054 78, 491 398, 650 4, 737, 735 80, 423 370, 306 5, 665, 605 2, 092. 594 7, 936, 253 680 7,223 4,000 21, 663 232, 787 7,153 23,133 288, 736 127, 211 423, 170 481 12, 301 33, 610 265, 725 3,170 15, 152 317, 657 157, 249 487, 207 682 15, 026 8,000 50, 560 418, 790 55,442 532, 792 284, 187 832, 005 683 6, 388 13, 482 161, 705 2,250 13, 888 191, 325 81, 510 279, 223 684 3, 418 5, 300 139, 254 5, 410 3, 070 153, 034 88, 136 244, 588 685 6, 845 13, 502 20, 722 261, 426 2, 970 19, 488 318, 108 101, 690 426, 643 686 9, 445 3, 760 11,833 248, 054 6, 666 14, 036 284, 349 63, 943 357, 737 687 13, 094 32, 252 331, 217 10,447 33, 546 407, 462 141, 038 561, 594 688 25, 282 12, 892 38, 672 505, 717 11, 376 36, 110 604, 767 282, 935 912, 984 689 2,082 6, 330 18, 990 252, 483 13, 576 291, 379 75, 734 369, 195 690 76, 950 30, 007 151, 566 1, 920, 577 30, 981 142, 865 2, 275, 996 688, 961 3, 041, 907 691 692 11, 988 4, 235 23, 021 237, 899 3,708 21, 333 290, 196 116, 219 418, 403 693 191, 970 33, 359 238, 217 3, 263, 584 62, 158 254, 413 3, 851, 731 1, 631, 724 5, 675, 425 694 11, 633 18, 250 196, 817 3, 413 12, 320 230, 800 100, 082 342, 515 695 33, 416 6, 170 33, 367 415, 919 8,692 29, 834 493, 982 214, 008 741, 406 696 25, 189 5,300 23, 771 425, 338 8,590 40, 585 503, 584 199, 952 728, 725 697 13, 264 4, 169 17, 982 194, 053 1,305 21, 080 238, 589 141, 364 393, 217 698 19, 455 18,280 242, 422 8,881 269, 583 84, 580 373, 618 699 18, 400 22, 100 350,000 10, 350 15, 000 397, 450 154, 079 569, 929 700 21,686 13, 550 30, 527 418, 824 8,809 35, 318 507, 028 195, 969 724, 683 701 12, 113 20, 510 278, 415 7,726 28, 942 335, 593 144, 759 492, 465 702 10,500 4, 170 10, 600 160, 052 510 10, 057 185, 389 66, 482 262, 371 703 14, 470 24, 430 290,448 9, 223 23, 404 347, 505 147, 755 509, 730 704 11,844 18, 400 291, 296 3, 540 28, 992 342, 228 182, 694 536,766 705 16,631 1 9, 800 255, 782 15, 100 280,682 81, 888 1 1706 379, 201 1 707 or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost, the expenditures for any textbooks furnished to pupils gratis are classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of school plant, (2) maintenance of school plant, (3) auxiliary school services, and (4) fixed charges. 5 Grand total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17. 6 Includes junior college data. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2.500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrut Staff 1 tioi Men itional (posi- is) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United 1,372 265 2,439 13,601 36,300 1,419,638 1,218,897 179 States NORTHEAST . _ . 296 101 500 3, 426 9, 676 342, 118 288, 729 179 Connecticut . . 3 2 2 32 105 3, 925 3, 392 181 Bethel _ _ 1 1 1 11 26 920 774 181 Branford. . - . 1 1 1 13 56 2,243 1, 943 181 Griswold (P. O. Jewett City). 1 8 23 762 675 180 Maine . 18 11 58 203 542 20, 914 17,888 180 Calais . . . 1 1 2 6 26 797 729 181 1 2 6 20 618 558 180 Ellsworth . . . . 1 1 4 11 22 940 812 180 1 1 8 27 900 819 180 Fort Fairfield _ _ 1 1 5 13 31 1,292 1. 178 180 Madison _ 1 2 12 25 936 814 180 Other cities . . 12 7 42 147 391 15, 431 12, 978 180 Massachusetts _ 17 17 26 137 444 15, 688 13, 496 177 Ayer . . . . . . 1 2 5 28 1,030 824 180 Blackstone and Millville 1 1 1 7 21 618 582 181 combined. Dalton _ _ _ 1 2 2 13 25 909 846 180 Dudley. . . . . 1 2 1 3 18 615 492 181 Hopedale _ 1 1 7 18 601 557 172 Ipswich _ _ _ 1 2 3 8 30 1,068 974 178 Lee. . . . . . . 1 1 2 11 24 787 703 181 Nantucket _ 1 3 9 20 574 464 175 Orange _ 1 1 14 31 1, 180 1, 094 171 Palmer _ 2 3 1 8 42 1,389 1,240 176 Rockport _ 1 1 5 23 700 630 173 Uxbridge . _ 1 2 8 36 1, 429 1, 143 178 Other cities . . .. 4 5 7 39 128 4, 788 3, 947 177 New Hampshire _ 4 7 27 80 2, 702 2,352 177 Durham . _ 1 1 1 12 313 280 175 Hanover _ 1 2 9 26 883 744 180 Littletown . . . . 1 2 7 19 710 589 178 Milford.-. _ _ _ _ 1 2 10 23 796 739 175 New Jersey... _ 70 8 85 512 1, 961 64, 653 52, 605 182 Belmar . . _ 1 1 1 24 604 362 180 Bernardsville _ 2 1 4 29 852 682 183 Beverly _ 1 2 15 426 376 180 Bloomingdale . . 1 1 16 460 399 183 Bradley Beach _ 1 2 20 538 403 181 Butler _ _ _ 1 2 2 22 43 1, 470 1, 268 185 Cape May... _ 1 1 9 17 606 513 180 Clementon. . . 1 1 1 16 514 411 180 Closter _ _ _ 2 2 8 31 944 788 185 Edgewater _ _ _ 1 1 4 22 533 367 182 Egg Harbor _ .. 1 2 8 30 810 717 183 Flemington _ 1 2 16 38 1, 293 1, 121 180 Franklin _ _ _ 1 2 15 31 1, 043 907 183 Garwood . . . 1 1 7 I1 95 588 ;■ 47(1 1 184 Hackettstown, . . . 2 ! 1 12 29 1, 065 910 184 Hightstown.. . . . 1 3 19. 91 1, 140 i; 952 181 Hillsdale . . . . 1 1 29 i 885 i 738 182 Lambert ville _ 1 3 9 i 24 775 i 680 ! 183 Lindenwold _ 1 2 ! 17 625 i 566 181 Little Ferry . . 1 2 !| 21 691 605 1 183 footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 107 public-school systems, in cities, by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4.999 POPULATION Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and Wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other i nstruc- tional staff 13 $12,728,646 $1, 183, 44G $10,976,326 $160, 656, 919 2. 805. 265 471.319 2, 543. 621 $1, 157,957 42. 983, 949 Clerks 14 $11,643,8 436, 042 Other 3 15 ,940 Total in¬ structional expenditure 16 $185, 618, 456 $68,273,366 50, 133, 871 Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 $266,620,468 19, 909, 956 Total six 6 majorcur- rent ac¬ counts (actual dollars) 18 72, 849, 092 33. 587 10, 906 11, 207 482, 162 2, 442 42, 048 548, 765 175, 103 757, 455 10. 058 11.297 12. 232 6,206 4, 700 6,207 5, 000 117, 361 260, 388 104, 413 2,442 25, 303 7,459 139, 060 297, 833 111, 872 41, 92, 352 40, 985 190, 884 401, 482 165, 089 84. 527 35. 167 201, 605 1, 812, 354 7, 306 134, 509 2, 190, 941 898, 208 3, 173, 676 4.018 1,912 3, 750 2, 625 7. 642 2, 778 61, 802 4,000 2, 750 ”2," 700 '25," 71 7 9, 133 8,000 13, 150 4,200 14, 550 7, 792 144, 780 66, 906 58, 697 89, 178 84, 131 110, 506 93, 567 1, 309, 369 1,552 3, 100 800 1, 854 7,834 8, 934 5, 570 7,896 5, 513 8, 169 90, 593 87, 873 75, 631 112, 200 99, 327 134, 069 111, 382 1, 570, 459 30, 378 29, 513 50, 284 24, 928 81,117 36, 567 645, 421 122, 269 107, 056 166, 234 126, 880 222, 828 150, 727 2, 277, 682 129,564 65,847 120, 735 1, 719, 122 109, 569 2, 015, 273 801, 660 2, 946, 497 6. 763 8. 024 9. 689 4, 463 8, 789 8. 747 6, 417 8, 190 7, 739 5, 000 7, 828 9, 279 38, 636 23, 156 3, 270 7,400 6, 000 5, 000 9, 540 3, 000 14, 445 3. 750 12, 640 4, 000 12, 000 19, 637 12, 570 6, 250 9,000 4,200 5, 000 4, 450 10, 000 34, 430 92, 578 78, 148 119, 737 55, 322 82, 206 116, 730 91, 089 69, 809 140, 550 150, 000 87, 140 139, 493 496, 320 6, 341 4,882 3, 964 3, 963 8, 850 7, 872 6,126 5, 486 10, 0U0 11, 291 6, 231 7, 26, 897 113, 364 90, 050 143, 741 69, 285 96, 056 146, 712 106, 465 84, 295 154, 750 178, 291 97, 821 157, 159 577, 284 53, 944 35, 103 53, 432 32, 671 54, 989 81, 789 26, 766 32, 729 42, 394 79, 199 25, 938 55, 445 227, 261 174, 071 133, 177 206, 862 106, 419 159, 834 237, 248 139, 648 125, 214 204, 883 262, 490 131, 587 221, 883 843, 181 29, 467 316, 548 2, 391 18, 712 367, 118 153, 176 543, 450 2, 774 8,580 6, 421 5, 381 554, 899 4, 600 8, 117 8, 750 8,000 31,000 118, 616 73, 323 93, 609 2, 391 3, 097 6, 475 1, 082 8, 058 38, 697 135, 599 83, 155 109, 667 19, 968 56, 160 41, 159 35, 889 61, 439 200, 339 130, 735 150, 937 28, 223 7, 812, 419 93, 344 663, 603 9,026, 854 3, 839, 722 13, 421, 475 14, 642 ... 4, 292 ... 4,845 ... 1, 725 ... 9, 294 ... 6, 209 9, 889 ... 3,317 ... 3, 525 ... 5. 531 . . . 4. 380 .. . 4, 758 ... 9, 503 ... 2.015 ... 1.946 5,200 7, 500 4, 000 400 6." 300 10. 200, 6, 270] 4, 025; 9, 430 5, 700 9. 000 14, 137 9, 500 6, 150 4, 285 2. 629 . 11,832 _ _ 10, 900 6, 338 . 11, 400 1, 758, . 10,586 _ _ 75. 853 111, 847 41, 239 48, 238 65, 476 232, 010 80, 573 44. 875 111, 821 93. 270 84. 400 i 174, 168 151, 719 99, 727 123, 518 139, 907 88, 794 100, 031 45, 782 73, 405 2, 580 1, 540 1, 800 9,500 3, 786 3, 000 1,500 7, 610 5, 789 2, 150 4,332 3, 138 4, ’ 500 6,425 6, 561 2, 550 4, 2, 085 34, 088 8,422 3,900 9, 513 7, 689 4, 512 18, 747 13, 412 6, 183 20, 217 11, 748 3, 235 7, 587 1, 982 6,053 87, 478 128, 488 45, 329 58, 384 67, 561 294, 198 95, 265 52, 800 134, 550 109, 659 99, 412 214, 662 180, 420 114, 210 158, 652 165, 693 92, 029 123, 518 47, 764 79, 458 75, 172 111, 607 13, 425 25, 324 64, 938 79, 769 26, 775 21, 965 52, 905 102, 407 96, 991 67, 176 47, 386 35, 771 48, 819 68, 717 82, 727 24, 696 20, 890 45, 934 177, 292 244, 387 63, 599 8b, 433 141, 793 380, 176 131, 929 78, 082 190, 980 217, 597 200, 783 286, 596 237, 309 151, 936 209, 417 237, 039 186, 588 154, 552 70, 412 135, 978 326602—55- 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 .82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrrn staff 1 tioi Men stional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New Jersey— Continued 1 1 3 24 808 656 181 1 3 17 44 1,543 1,290 181 1 1 17 33 1, 122 985 183 Milltown _ _ _ _ 1 3 18 480 384 180 Northfield _ 1 1 3 13 582 484 183 North Haledon. . _ . 1 1 18 491 428 181 1 1 2 28 563 451 182 Oradell _ . _ _ 1 3 24 . 646 559 182 1 2 12 25 820 704 182 1 2 15 43 1,250 1,091 180 1 2 25 47 1, 890 1, 512 181 Rockaway. _ _ _ 1 2 5 28 868 738 182 Rumson ' ... .. . 1 2 8 26 730 613 183 Runnemede... _ _ 21 701 601 181 1 1 8 37 1, 179 1, 014 183 Wanaque 1 1 2 18 732 578 182 Washington _ _ 1 2 10 30 1, 162 1, 016 184 West Paterson. _ 1 1 18 455 386 184 Westville _ 1 1 21 640 540 181 Wharton . 1 6 22 611 507 183 Other cities.. . . . 31 4 37 240 915 31, 518 24, 835 182 New York _ 76 32 163 1,331 3, 735 123, 766 102, 504 179 Albion _ .. _ 1 1 9 45 1,351 1, 125 176 Bald wins ville. .. .. .. _ 1 3 15 84 2,504 2,120 183 Ballston Spa... _ _ 1 1 2 6 42 1,393 1, 195 179 Brockport _ _ _ _ 1 1 13 35 1, 241 1,056 175 Canajoharie _ _ ... .. 1 2 15 43 1, 131 964 179 Canastota ... _ _ _ 1 1 1 13 50 1, 530 1,331 183 Canisteo _ 1 1 16 29 1, 255 1,066 174 Corinth _ . _ _ 2 9 31 957 834 174 Croton-on-Hudson _ .. 1 2 13 34 1, 065 930 181 Dannemora. . . . 1 4 13 492 439 192 Dolgeville _ ... 1 1 2 9 27 1, 032 760 181 East Syracuse _ _ 1 1 3 11 59 1,715 1, 478 181 Ellensville _ 1 1 1 15 39 1,187 1,064 190 Elmsford _ _ 2 g 25 626 537 183 Farmingdale _ _ 1 2 29 56 2,483 2, 054 175 Fort Edward _ _ 1 8 38 950 800 180 Fort Plain _ 2 17 38 1, 015 920 180 Goshen... _ _ 1 2 1 23 29 1, 178 971 180 Granville . . . . 2 13 40 881 789 167 Green Island _ ..... 1 1 5 18 407 351 182 Greenport _ _ ... 1 13 26 867 755 179 Highland Falls _ _ _ 1 1 7 27 777 638 180 Homer. . . ... ... 1 3 8 60 1,700 1, 419 181 Irvington. _ _ _ _ 1 2 11 25 601 547 183 Lake Placid _ _ .. 1 1 1 7 28 788 656 178 Lawrence _ _ _ 1 3 7 43 134 4,598 3, 812 180 Mohawk... . . ... 2 6 40 1, 283 1, 122 180 Monticello _ 1 17 34 1,225 1,009 178 Mount Morris. . . . 1 9 22 ’628 562 178 New York Mills ... _ 1 1 4 24 607 539 180 Northport... _ _ _ 1 2 4 27 55 1,800 1,498 180 Palmyra _ _ 3 1 14 44 1,386 1, 195 181 Perry. _ _ _ 1 16 40 1 378 1, 223 181 Pleasantville _ _ 1 1 3 26 39 lj 462 1,255 183 Sea Cliff. . _ _ _ 1 12 28 929 783 179 Silver Creek _ _ .. .. 1 1 12 23 847 741 171 Sloan (P. O. Buffalo). 1 4 13 39 1, 279 1, 124 181 Spring Valley... . _ 1 2 31 65 2, 165 1,817 190 Springville. . . . 1 2 21 37 1,210 1,049 177 Suffern _ . _ 2 1 33 65 1,868 1,596 176 See footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 109 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $18, 601 $4, 200 $91, 120 $1, 420 $7, 614 $104, 354 $40, 791 $163, 746 55 17, 125 17, 800 185, 016 3, 950 14, 910 221, 676 99, 098 337, 899 56 18, 433 4, 900 158, 715 22, 252 185, 867 48, 258 252, 558 57 9, 990 58^ 184 7, 495 65, 679 62, 392 138, 061 58 495 4, 200 43, 161 1, 300 2, 994 51, 655 18, 348 71, 498 59 1, 364 4, 100 49, 198 4, 684 57, 982 72, 943 132, 289 60 li; 307 i 500 80; 419 6,062 90, 981 29, 123 131, 411 61 13, 730 95, 928 5,202 101, 130 24, 070 138, 930 62 3,630 10, 320 119, 094 2, 108 9, 436 140, 958 32, 274 176, 862 63 4, 648 11, 400 161, 188 6, 800 7, 933 187, 321 48, 763 240, 732 64 3, 495 11, 400 256, 031 8, 995 31, 016 307, 442 98, 306 409, 243 65 10, 200 8, 000 110, 336 9,235 127, 571 37, 319 175, 090 66 5; 166 10, 400 135, 013 3, 900 13, 050 162, 363 51, 252 218, 781 67 4, 862 58, 641 3, 348 61, 989 26, 634 93, 485 68 26, 738 4, 000 174; 295 23, 587 201, 882 60, 840 289, 460 li 552 4, 232 54, 098 6, 076 6,597 71, 003 80, 701 153, 256 70 1, 566 8, 450 143, 542 4, 440 19, 164 175, 596 21, 578 198, 740 71 6, 659 4, 961 50, 000 2,248 57, 209 26, 400 90, 268 72 1,056 61, 898 3, 846 65, 744 49, 151 115, 951 73 8, 407 79, 749 6, 756 86, 505 19, 975 114,887 74 265, 861 $13, 523 195, 010 3, 663, 824 3, 130 276, 920 4, 152, 417 1, 778, 172 6, 196, 450 75 1, 103,385 186, 674 939, 860 18, 322, 467 225, 799 1, 524, 068 21, 198, 868 9, 406, 721 31, 708, 974 76 15, 014 5,250 185, 932 1,649 16, 042 208, 873 51, 651 275, 538 77 17, 234 10, 250 322, 979 9, 754 25, 540 368, 523 171, 081 556, 838 78 15, 036 3,733 14, 667 174, 150 5,000 9, 728 207, 278 57, 091 279, 405 79 14, 632 5,000 179, 398 5, 948 17, 541 207, 887 132, 562 355, 081 80 10, 833 9, 150 189, 522 3, 541 14, 721 216, 934 118, 019 345, 786 81 12, 320 4,500 5, 650 214, 347 2,620 13, 534 240, 651 108, 994 361, 965 82 2,871 5, 167 150, 956 5,146 23, 774 185, 043 95, 369 283, 283 83 903 10, 600 137, 932 5,425 14, 285 168, 242 75, 188 244, 333 84 8, 715 13, 960 190, 583 9,034 12, 817 226, 394 85, 774 320, 883 85 1,695 4, 635 57, 472 778 5,540 68, 425 21, 089 91, 209 86 4, 323 5, 750 10, 085 134, 458 5, 100 18, 637 174, 030 85, 364 263, 717 87 16, 697 5, 011 13, 939 249, 555 2,742 17, 615 288, 862 106, 390 411, 949 88 6, 575 7, 150 5, 550 190, 850 6, 380 20, 500 230, 380 54, 650 291, 605 89 6, 331 12, 500 124, 213 4,900 13, 126 154, 739 75, 053 236, 123 90 28, 794 12, 450 357, 696 8, 958 36, 433 415, 537 164, 101 608, 432 91 6,200 154, 000 5,000 4, 850 170, 050 46, 725 216, 775 92 4,663 9, 470 164, 154 21, 085 194, 709 76, 172 275, 544 93 14,233 9,900 7,700 192, 993 5, 398 15, 173 231, 164 114, 629 360, 026 94 946 9,580 140, 891 4, 411 6, 323 161, 205 69, 208 231, 359 95 9, 598 5, 300 78, 050 1,800 5, 371 90, 521 29, 766 129, 885 96 5,031 7, 500 142, 147 3,227 12, 719 165, 593 90, 135 260, 759 97 3, 162 6,800 111, 045 2, 779 5, 325 125, 949 54, 650 183, 761 98 6,017 16,150 202, 353 3, 075 20, 036 241, 614 118, 990 366, 621 99 2, 320 10, 375 138, 827 3, 100 15, 314 167, 616 99, 066 269, 002 100 10, 965 4, 123 5, 350 135, 491 4,123 13, 459 162, 546 90, 850 264, 361 101 51, 215 24, 100 60, 050 936, 743 14, 595 69, 727 1, 105, 215 495, 312 1, 651, 742 102 4,506 10,500 162, 056 2, 000 13, 183 187, 739 101, 332 293, 577 103 8, 716 9,000 187, 776 5,116 14, 904 216, 796 77, 398 302, 910 104 3,543 5,500 105, 907 2, 100 8, 039 121, 546 35, 016 160, 105 105 6, 065 6,000 82, 273 2,048 4,115 94, 436 38, 580 139, 081 106 21, 334 10, 000 25, 700 336, 845 9,921 48, 511 430, 977 186, 636 638, 947 107 34, 125 3,900 193, 967 14, 567 212, 434 99, 876 346, 435 108 15, 561 189, 715 1,190 10, 553 201, 458 119, 540 336, 559 109 16,092 5,500 16,900 252, 642 9, 191 31, 288 315, 521 127, 646 459, 259 110 17,960 175, 109 5,060 13, 070 193, 239 76, 251 287, 450 111 8, 821 4,300 125, 285 3, 439 11,424 144, 448 55, 618 208, 887 112 13, 904 18,944 200,000 1,926 10, 612 231, 482 107, 353 352, 739 113 24,502 14, 100 296, 949 4, 662 53, 115 368, 826 141, 750 535, 078 114 6, 322 11,000 185, 778 3,800 13, 625 214, 203 120, 829 341, 354 116 28, 875 7,800 349, 138 10, 866 44, 088 411, 892 213, 266 654,033 116 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru staff > tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) A verage daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New York— Continued Walden. _ _ _ 1 2 13 39 1,215 1.019 181 Wappingers Falls. . . . 1 4 21 47 1,970 1 1, 741 177 Warsaw 8 _ _ ... 1 1 7 39 961 859 180 Waterford _ _ _ 1 1 1 10 34 1,000 863 179 Waterloo . . 2 16 50 1, 582 1,342 180 Westfield _ _ 3 12 37 1,062 988 192 Other cities . . . 39 16 80 671 1,859 64, 185 51, 568 179 Pennsylvania _ 103 22 147 1, 145 2, 686 i 106, 477 92. 994 180 Aspinwall _ _ 1 2 9 29 785 671 190 Athens _ 1 1 53 1,230 1,054 180 Avoca _ 1 1 1 3 22 613 526 183 Bedford. . . . 1 1 17 23 1, 228 1. 108 180 Bentleyville _ 1 10 16 637 569 180 Birdsboro . 1 2 9 15 500 481 180 Boyertown . . 2 1 18 30 1.336 1. 190 180 Broekway _ 1 2 15 32 1.172 1.117 180 Brookville . . . 2 18 33 1,316 1, 143 180 Burnham _ _ 1 3 21 51 2, 151 I 1, 945 180 Catasauqua. . . . 1 1 11 25 981 889 178 Clarks Summit _ 1 1 16 48 1, 554 1,323 180 Coplay... . . 1 7 5 328 312 180 Coudersport . 1 11 21 873 698 180 Curwensville . . 1 11 19 2,062 1,649 180 Dallastown _ 1 8 18 712 658 180 Derry.. . . . 1 3 16 526 487 180 Dupont- _ 1 1 4 19 477 429 180 East Lansdowne . 2 10 374 281 183 East Mauch Chunk.... 1 1 8 9 311 287 186 Ebensburg . . . 1 1 11 287 270 180 Elizabeth _ 1 2 7 25 1,555 1,483 180 Femdale (P. O. Johnstown) 1 13 16 655 617 180 Freedom . . 1 1 6 23 655 524 180 Freeport . . . 1 1 13 40 1,562 1,409 180 Gallitzin . . . . 2 8 13 623 574 180 Girard ville... . 1 1 2 14 374 299 180 Greencastle _ _ 1 1 9 15 642 582 180 Hamburg . . . 1 11 22 734 678 180 Hatboro... . 2 3 14 34 1, 325 1, 219 185 Hummelstown . . 1 1 6 21 620 569 180 Ingram . . 1 1 4 17 575 497 180 Johnsonburg.. . 2 10 22 696 634 180 Kutztown _ 1 2 17 17 802 641 180 Leech burg. . . 1 1 13 21 986 905 180 Lemoyne . . . 1 1 1 12 22 936 835 180 Lykens _ _ 1 1 1 20 442 351 180 Manheim... _ 1 2 3 16 52 3,037 2,492 180 Mauch Chunk _ 1 2 2 12 26 1, 070 919 183 McAdoo . 1 2 10 15 614 569 180 McDonald . . . 1 6 22 645 603 180 Mon tours ville... ... . 1 2 13 23 1,008 924 180 Mount Joy . 1 2 9 19 737 661 180 Mount Penn . 1 1 17 19 762 696 180 Muncy.. . . . 1 1 9 22 910 823 180 North East . 1 1 13 31 1, 325 1,247 180 Northumberland _ 1 1 16 18 918 886 180 Patton... . . . 1 1 8 20 697 669 180 Pen Argyle... . . 1 2 1 12 34 1, 149 1,030 183 Penbrook... . 1 7 15 471 419 180 Perkasie . . . 1 1 2 17 36 1,448 1,315 182 Philipsburg . . 1 1 2 9 24 959 886 180 Renova . . . . 1 1 13 21 730 676 180 Reynoldsville . 1 1 2 13 29 1,089 966 180 footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 111 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and Wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) 15 16 $15,675 . 17, 759;. 2. 572 j. 12, 711 1 5, 208 . 5,950 . 563. 061 i $3,880 95, 227 $8, 523 19, 481 ; 5, 700; 4, 300 1 12,5001 16, 072, 464, 162' $160, 505 264. 004 117, 802 159, 904 212, 127 157, 211 9, 150, 737 $4, 121 9, 862 1, 343 2, 233 4,150 4,990 13, 298 $17, 149 24, 516 11, 095 11, 806 12, 391 24, 744 682, 058 $190, 298 317, 863 135, 940 182, 123 241,168 203, 017 10, 405, 482 $56, 817 170, 405 87, 861 49, 082 111, 491 96, 085 4, 646, 010 $262, 790 506, 027 226, 373 243, 916 357, 867 305, 052 15, 614, 553 841, 278 106, 614 756, 707 j 12,090,170 100, 057 1, 172, 765 14, 226, 313 4, 449, 473 19, 517,084 124 10, 325 4, 045 4,567 4, 798 2, 562 5.204 18 430 1. 285 4. 286 10, 561 12. 797 12 366 8,201 10. 577 3. 554 2, 263 3, 754 18. 526 8, 575 4, 124 3, 679 6, 225 4.841 4. 211 1 8. 835 906 7.500 2. 766 9. 361 8, 386 10. 104 4. 535 4,221 5, 321 5. 467 10,000 2, 313 3,709 4, 468 7. 350 6, 098 7, 213 10. 000 15. 581 4, 400 6, 067 5,500 5, 753 4, 999 6, 798 4. 391 5,000 9, 536 6, 108 4. 450 5. 239 8, 677 4,625 4, 675 4, 087 6, 030 9, 009 5, 208 19, 989 20, 349 3. 758 7,600 9,797 4. 811 4, 390 2. 066 4 805 11,264 1,500 3. 009 7. 337 11.802 10. 071 7,839 7, 128 6, 091 4, 698 5,500 5, 133 2,954 4,650 17, 623 4.000 5.400 10, 005 9, 656 6. 203 4, 829 4, 17, 300 10, 162 8. 294 5, 345 11, 706 7. 500 6.000 6, 550 6. 850 4.609 4.263 4, 097 12, 535 10, 233 5,000 7,792 127,000 64, 611 74, 332 143,643 87,220 75. 755 152. 192 150, 000 165 183 214, 098 115 342 197. 380 36 802 97. 785 80. 000 68, 486 58. 826 60, 548 30, 224 48, 984 39, 337 110, 254 90, 340 89, 800 150, 312 68, 196 51, 167 71, 373 106. 374 169, 909 75, 653 63,2(0 91,323 111, 538 129, 916 125, 928 72. 839 216. 061 176, 182 71,301 91,060 124, 175 82. 294 104, 257 95, 959 130, 000 100, 707 84, 973 130, 909 68, 291 187,683 139, 171 112, 000 120,442 ,000 2, 294 1, 672 2,200 1, 800 4, 750 1,350 1,515 5,000 1, 537 1, 10,600 2,712 3,880 13, 874 9,242 7,767 14, 666 12, 806 21, 476 14. 221 17, 151 26, 238 3, 061 12,890 4, 275 8, 388 4,832 5, 564 4, 636 4,078 757 17, 902 9, 676 9, 850 17, 086 1,504 4, 245 5, 765 6, 396 17, 169 5, 272 5,200 8,645 12,883 13, 391 12, 012 5, 721 25, 811 34 087 5, 7, 457 11, 660 11, 223 12, 652 15, 869 14,600 7, 6, 608 11, 492 6, 181 23, 328 18, 493 7,000 9,358 150,600 69, 636 87,242 165, 194 102, 271 90, 872 172, 956 170, 019 196, 659 246, 262 138, 785 232, 185 41,4 110, 675 91, 275 82, 627 68. 657 75, 204 34 860 59, 125 45, 094 137, 692 108, 474 106, 300 176, 437 78, 377 61, 537 83, 413 112, 770 204, 701 84, 925 76, 000 109, 973 134 077 149, 510 150, 839 83, 429 268, 872 234, 918 87, 220 103, 862 147, 541 102, 817 127, 659 119, 728 151, 450 114, 721 95, 844 156, 605 74, 472 234,046 174 567 125, 800 142,242 41,000 28,014 14, 507 36,690 19, 619 29, 324 59,700 48, 539 46, 524 67, 030 55, 132 89.460 16, 020 30,386 13,220 16, 185 18, 328 19, 218 11, 789 14 458 10,448 60, 716 42, 390 52, 642 77, 431 13, 225 8, 930 21, 465 32, 062 53, 927 24, 957 20.460 32, 538 48, 520 42, 187 42, 161 16, 321 98, 621 90,645 10, 724 23,791 70, 661 31, 948 38, 189 50, 311 45,900 34 199 26, 005 47, 324 15, 385 70, 014 46, 815 59, 800 43, 571 201, 925 101, 695 106, 316 206, 682 124, 452 125, 400 251, 086 219, 843 247, 469 323, 853 206, 714 334, 011 65, 694 151, 638 101, 075 90, 739 112, 948 : 55, 224 : 77, 707 59, 221 204 633 : 155, 705 : 163, 153 262, 703 92,508 77, 967 107, 644 : 154 193 267, 014 119, 986 100, 995 : 146, 732 : 190, 755 : 195, 784 199, 030 : 108, 759 387, 482 : 345, 912 : 101, 702 : 132, 464 222, 592 : 136, 831 170, 653 181, 303 198, 850 151, 929 : 129, 186 215, 731 99, 928 : 311, 188 : 227, 473 190, 298 177 188,767178 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Penns ylya nia— C ontinued 179 1 2 13 32 1,090 913 184 ISO 1 8 27 714 684 180 181 Selensgrove _ 1 1 3 13 25 1,051 943 180 182 1 1 18 38 1.675 1. 469 180 183 2 13 27 1, 215 1, 162 185 184 1 2 3 17 525 469 180 185 1 2 2 14 465 409 180 186 1 1 9 15 625 581 180 187 Spring City _. _ __ 2 11 22 910 822 180 188 1 2 10 18 576 565 184 189 Susquehanna 1 1 4 15 438 382 180 190 Swarthmore 2 2 14 36 984 896 184 191 Trafford _ 1 1 13 20 792 726 180 192 Union City.. _ 1 1 11 30 1,037 1,030 180 193 Weatherly .. 1 1 25 680 624 180 194 1 1 6 25 703 682 180 195 West Homestead _ 1 1 4 14 377 326 180 196 W est N ewton . . . 1 1 10 20 998 798 180 197 West Wyoming . 1 1 8 13 711 569 180 198 Wyomissing . 1 1 10 18 602 588 175 1 99 Y oung wood . . . . 1 1 7 16 499 449 ISO 200 Other cities _ . . . . 37 8 50 410 946 39, 606 33, 222 180 201 Vermont.. . . . 5 9 12 39 123 3, 993 3,498 177 202 Bellows Falls _ 1 3 4 10 29 1,022 900 179 203 Essex Junction. _ _ . 1 1 2 4 26 831 748 173 204 Middlebury... .. .. . 1 2 2 10 16 510 435 179 205 Waterbury _ 1 2 6 23 728 582 175 206 Windsor _ ._ .. ... 1 3 2 9 29 902 833 177 207 NORTH CENTRAL _ 508 82 807 4, 799 10, 669 459, 631 402, 651 179 208 Illinois _ _ 85 7 126 656 1,856 71, 340 61,734 187 Anna: 209 Elementary District _ 1 4 24 830 754 185 210 High School District _ 1 1 8 12 601 504 186 Bensenville: 211 Elementary District _ 1 1 5 25 983 784 185 212 High School District _ 1 15 7 466 416 185 213 Brooklyn (P. O. Lovejoy) _ 1 2 3 26 591 501 197 214 Bushnell _ ... 1 3 13 44 1,171 1,006 185 215 Carlyle _ _ _ 1 2 8 23 834 724 187 Carterville: 216 Elementary District #35.. 1 3 13 495 413 187 217 Casey. _ _ 1 3 6 38 1,230 1,056 185 Christopher: 218 Elementary District #34.. 6 12 483 455 185 219 High School District #38 . 8 5 301 286 186 220 Crystal Lake . _ _ . 1 1 15 10 531 478 186 221 Deerfield _ ... .. ... 1 1 5 17 485 435 185 El Dorado: 222 Elementary District _ 1 6 21 800 785 176 223 Fulton. ... ... 1 1 6 15 452 370 185 224 Galena _ _ _ 1 8 19 589 563 187 225 Galva.. ... .. .. 1 2 8 34 1,400 1,152 185 226 Geneseo _ ... . 1 5 18 49 1,681 1, 411 185 227 Georgetown. 1 1 22 596 527 185 228 Greenville _ _ 1 3 10 27 919 827 ; 189 229 Harvard . . .. 1 1 1 17 35 1,234 1,217 185 Havana: 230 Elementary District #61.. 1 3 3 21 686 579 186 231 High School District. 1 1 6 6 262 246 185 See footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 113 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $22 842 $10, 000 $145, 795 $18, 003 $173, 798 $94, 561 $291. 201 179 fi filO 124, 834 $2, 200 127, 034 25, 725 159, 369 180 5, 276 $5, 213 15, 000 122; 724 6, 774 149, 711 32, 389 187, 376 181 1 0, 3fi9 4, 985 150, 920 6,150 5, 616 167, 671 42, 871 220, 911 182 5, 033 11, 158 142, 680 3,050 13, 994 170, 882 46, 548 222, 463 183 11 647 11, 450 58, 755 17, 661 87, 866 27, 646 127, 159 184 3, 572 10' 102 52; 625 4,804 67, 531 17, 925 89, 028 185 9 712 5, 050 77, 883 7, 995 90, 928 25, 329 118, 969 186 4, 870 13; 183 106", 142 3,505 12, 024 134, 854 42, 760 182, 484 187 15 513 9, 135 88, 558 6, 541 104, 234 39, 636 159, 383 188 1, 872 4, 349 47; 009 26, 718 78, 076 26, 151 106, 099 189 9, 478 14; 000 193; 120 8, 930 20, 043 236, 093 70, 934 316, 505 190 6, 664 5, 244 104, 870 2,063 11, 542 123, 719 72, 956 203, 339 191 4,121 5, 766 118, 478 1,591 20,908 146, 743 39, 498 190, 362 192 2 367 5, 000 65,224 4,000 74, 224 18, 869 95, 460 193 5,282 4, 850 95; 860 2,122 9, 674 112, 506 18, 063 135, 851 194 11, 306 5, 400 69,700 4, 238 79, 338 37, 989 128, 633 195 4, 049 5,170 103, 638 8, 409 117, 217 31, 003 152, 269 196 3, 975 4,538 68, 021 1, 358 10, 284 84, 201 26, 783 114, 959 197 13, 847 5,500 105, 480 7, 750 118, 730 55, 560 188, 137 198 4, 092 5,269 69, 783 10, 000 85, 052 22, 950 112, 094 199 306, 125 38, 778 263, 895 4, 276, 736 3, 349 360, 658 4, 943, 416 1, 553, 901 6, 803, 442 200 34, 849 37, 888 54, 775 428, 707 4,703 33, 666 559, 739 185, 893 780, 481 201 9,238 16, 075 18, 000 114, 340 2,103 9, 716 160, 234 45, 044 214, 516 202 6, 381 2,733 9,400 72, 855 4, 915 89, 903 35, 686 131, 970 203 7, 500 8, 080 8,575 64, 350 1, 100 9,400 91, 505 31, 853 130, 858 204 4, 437 10, 600 64, 398 5, 960 80, 958 31, 379 116, 774 205 7,293 11, 000 8,200 112, 764 1,500 3, 675 137, 139 41, 931 186, 363 206 4, 705, 696 357, 630 3, 487, 725 53, 167, 777 230, 482 3, 737, 329 60, 980, 943 24, 228, 307 89, 914, 946 207 704, 050 32, 371 600, 906 8, 827, 126 33, 881 559, 110 10, 053, 394 4, 670, 848 15, 428, 292 208 3,709 85, 815 4, 849 90, 664 51, 798 146, 171 209 8, 658 4,000 74, 582 2,500 5, 821 86,903 36, 501 132, 062 210 6, 488 5, 000 100, 201 3, 388 108, 589 38, 203 153, 280 211 7,732 5,000 85, 503 2,608 93, 111 28, 012 128, 855 212 5,493 8, 000 72, 202 11, 119 91, 321 56, 844 153, 658 213 7, 906 15, 460 153, 698 7, 957 177, 115 60, 670 245, 691 214 7, 418 10,000 100, 244 6,497 116, 741 72, 931 197, 090 215 1,605 42, 731 7, 425 50, 156 13, 628 65, 389 216 6,325 15, 000 146, 727 9, 821 171, 548 69, 081 246, 954 217 381 56, 027 3,935 59, 962 23, 776 84, 119 218 1, 578 48, 208 1, 573 49, 781 16, 934 68, 293 219 8, 265 7,250 112, 632 19, 276 139, 158 54, 851 202, 274 220 12, 000 5,000 65, 000 5,000 75, 000 21, 750 108, 750 221 9,980 93, 000 9, 260 102, 260 40, 440 152, 680 222 4, 820 3, 140 53, 280 1,800 1, 050 59, 270 26, 677 90, 767 223 8, 380 73, 183 1,284 2,770 77, 237 25, 868 111, 485 224 8, 377 10, 000 138, 268 10, 763 159. 031 71, 997 239, 405 225 15, 345 208, 820 14, 667 251, 177 138, 507 405, 029 226 8,993 63, 191 6,494 69, 685 33, 605 112, 283 227 4,491 15, 000 132, 931 8, 476 156, 407 68, 653 229, 551 228 13, 946 5,850 5, 600 166, 140 2,525 13, 260 193, 375 102, 614 309, 935 229 2,648 13. 500 81. 017 9, 259 103, 776 28, 662 135. 086 230 4,252 5, 700' 43, 710 1, 650 2, 464 53, 524 18, 893 76, 669'231 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2.500 TO Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as- Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois— C ontinued Highland . . . j 1 2 12 27 1,055 570 939 185 1 5 18 402 185 Hillsboro _ _ 1 1 1 4 21 674 538 186 Johnston City _ _ 1 2 19 47 1,572 1,450 477 185 Kenilworth _ ... 1 5 20 560 186 Lemont: Elementary District _ 1 1 2 8 296 237 191 High School District _ 1 1 7 6 277 246 190 Marengo: Elementary District _ 1 4 15 424 339 185 High School District _ 1 1 9 7 318 299 185 Marseilles _ 1 4 7 28 1,033 425 947 187 McLeansboro: Elementary District _ 1 1 5 13 340 185 High School District No. 58. MontiopJlo . _ ___ 11 6 453 413 185 1 5 10 32 1,211 1,011 187 185 Niles _ 1 1 6 252 187 Oglesby _ 1 2 5 14 569 514 186 Oregon: Elementary District 1 1 2 17 544 452 186 No. 88. High School District . 1 1 7 5 280 252 182 Paxton _ _ _ 1 2 9 31 1,005 808 186 Pinckney ville . . . . 1 2 16 379 350 185 Pittsfield _ _ 1 5 21 68 2,175 500 1,878 394 186 River Grove _ _ 1 20 187 Rockdale . 2 5 140 133 185 Spring Valley: Elementary District _ 1 2 4 18 485 463 185 High School District.. .. 1 9 8 370 348 179 Staunton _ _ _ 1 1 9 19 614 535 187 Steger.. _ 1 3 29 1,083 849 187 Stickney _ 1 11 287 248 186 Sullivan _ 1 2 18 37 1,411 1,199 700 187 Tuscola _ _ 1 2 9 27 820 185 Virden _ 1 2 14 30 950 896 180 ! Watseka _ 1 2 18 569 512 185 West Chicago: i Elementary District _ 1 3 20 634 526 188 High School District . 8 10 541 320 185 i Westmont _ _ 1 2 26 950 760 185 West ville: \ Elementary District _ 1 3 15 572 501 185 ’ High School District _ i 1 7 6 244 222 185 1 Whitehall _ l 2 4 24 730 698 186 l Zeigler _ _ _ 1 2 17 428 386 186 l Other cities _ _ 34 3 51 228 606 28, 320 24, 476 187 Indiana _ 42 6 88 456 679 37, 710 33, 290 176 ! Aurora. . . . . . 1 3 15 28 1,256 1,085 501 180 ! Batesville _ _ _ 1 2 15 8 556 179 t Bicknell . . . 1 2 9 20 830 792 176 i Columbia City. . . 1 2 2 17 23 1,047 807 939 180 > Dunkirk _ _ _ 1 1 2 11 17 781 176 ’ Garrett _ _ 1 2 10 18 830 752 174 i Gas City. _ . 1 4 17 34 1,664 755 1,494 177 ) Huntingburg _ 1 2 13 11 692 178 ) JasonviUe... _ _ 1 1 7 10 583 507 160 . Lawrenceburg _ _ 1 2 6 13 686 539 177 1 Mitchell _ _ 1 2 8 21 860 754 177 5 Nappanee _ 1 1 14 24 946 764 176 1 North Manchester _ 1 3 7 12 548 498 177 237 271 See footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 115 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4.999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Dat Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Salaries and Wages Super- Princi- visors pals Teachers and other instruc- Clerks Other s Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts * Total six * major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) tional stafi 10 11 13 13 14 13 16 17 18 $24, 943 9, 997 3, 641 10, 204 7,614 $4,500 5, 242 $10, 000 5, 714 9,000 $117, 152 80, 612 60, 231 180, 661 121, 759 $1,283 3, 739 5, 036 17, 109 12, 903 $132, 935 84, 351 76, 223 206, 770 134, 662 $86, 362 35, 025 32, 273 83, 197 44, 251 $244, 240; 129. 373. 112, 137; 300, 171 186, 527, 232 233 234 235 236 1, 403 5,000 4,700 48,000 25, 826 $1, 500 1, 060 826 6, 402 5,203 7, 371 5, 000 16, 000 62, 624 53,934 118, 983 1,250 4,042 3, 999 6, 623 5, 650 3,141 4,000 44, 000 62, 748 1,350 5, 256 55, 560 31, 352 66,666 64,183 141, 606 49,350 68, 004 35, 696 29, 724 13, 839 33, 468 55,303 11,700 43, 895 91, 256 237 62, 479 238 86, 9071239 102, 854 240 204,280:241 66, 700 242 115, 040.243 10, 557 4, 913 5,003 25, 000 "MOO 160,197 21,778 72, 321 8, 975 2, 417 4,709 2,975 5, 000 58, 500 1,950 7, 259 15, 425 1,294 18,240 7, 350 491 5, 080 9, 500 25. 000 52, 794 124, 102 52. 882 227, 392 60, 000 17,157 1,700 1,000 1,284 6, 748 6, 251 3,585 22, 512 3,100 394 6,838 5, 711 6, 585 8, 861 10,160 8, 768 5,490 13, 300 3,369 6, 900 5, 000 5,000 5, 000 10, 000 10, 000 7,000 52. 808 1,500 836 68, 554 3, 500 4,898 102, 779 5, 798 86, 474 4, 049 48, 980 4,510 160, 371 3, 200 10, 861 118,013 7,007 129, 000 1,000 5, 000 69,440 2,600 194,172 104,834 24,195 16,521 86, 030 26, 365 65, 450 25, 300 66, 322 140, 853 56, 467 274, 904 64, 384 17, 551 30,123 79, 856 23, 763 161,250 31,300 6, 023 62, 044 81,952 113, 577 90, 523 58,490 184. 432 135, 020 142, 000 72, 040 34,721 57, 637 48, 560 27, 603 36, 801 85, 812 66, 0831 79, 500 ; 33, 555 309, 563 244 45, 629 245 117, 398 246 ! 93. 725 247 I 103, 704 248 236, 134 249 81,524 250 454, 394 251 103, 034 252 103,603 254 145, 300 255 168, 722 256 126, 987 257 105, 451 258 279,012 259 206, 593 260 234, 800 261 108, 964,262 6,410 3,496 7, 757 79, 474 61,348 87, 316 4,343 4,823 3, 573 1,691 1,300 2, 083 966 293, 399 366, 749 9,480 11,160 7,586 11,083 4, 953 4, 771 9,506 8,160 7,267 6,440 7,157 10, 325 7, 041 _ 4,000 _ 5, 500 . 9, 000 _ 5, 000 12,779 239,172 30,153 388,723 53,252 45, 500 79, 568 49, 741 3,513, 745 1,350 1,200 5, 638 4, 441,071 26, 275 7,835 5, 000 10,975 3, 095 182, 308 171,921 . . 15,277 11,100 _ 7, 317 11,526 10,202 3,051 8,212 _ 12, 380 _ 16,116 _ 4, 500 _ 4, 086 4,200 . 9, 472 4,720 _ 13, 160 143, 923 6, 524 84. 368 4, 329 91,058 j 1, 200 3,591 143. 962 1,479 8,886 81.512 2, 461 113, 075 1,650 3, 092 155, 756 1,476 9, 735 i 84, 276 1,650 2, 909 54, 410 1,166 68,448 1,600 1,783 109, 805 4, 631 143, 100 1,345 3, 605 75, 053 1 851 5, 158 83, 817 66,171 90, 889 34, 032 36, 407 26, 849 65, 087 57, 350 99, 543 59, 036 3, 953, 642 27, 036 18, 600 26,113 15,117 1,905, 459 124, 259 263 106, 074 264 125,495 265 93,814 266 77, 250 267 127, 739 268 75,119 269 6,152, 500 270 5, 058,143 1,288,120 6,713,012 271 165, 724 99, 797 103, 166 176, 055 95, 236 130, 197 183, 083 93, 335 59, 662 76, 031 123, 908 152, 770 94, 222 39, 579 16, 636 30, 837 44, 707 26,122 24, 673 50, 270 26, 065 15, 449 50, 805 28, 721 40,142 27, 412 214, 783 272 127, 593 273 141,589 274 231,845 275 126,311 276 159,641 277 242, 859 278 127, 560 279 82, 378 280 133, 276 281 159, 786 282 203, 237 283 128,675 284 285 286 287 2ss 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru staff 1 tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Indiana— Continued 1 2 13 26 1, 196 1,060 175 1 2 17 17 989 871 176 1 2 13 20 1, 000 901 180 1 3 16 23 1, 099 883 173 1 2 22 20 1,154 1,013 179 Union City . . . 1 1 11 15 661 597 175 1 2 3 19 681 614 180 Other cities _ _ 22 3 46 212 300 19, 562 17, 253 176 Iowa... _ 41 8 64 408 873 35, 010 30, 219 180 Albia _ 1 2 5 10 29 1,198 1, 047 180 Belle Plaine.. . _ ._ 1 2 n 22 711 569 180 1 2 12 26 888 762 179 Clear Lake _ _ - _ 1 2 16 27 1, 273 1, 067 180 Cresco _ 1 13 16 609 516 180 Dennison _ _ .. 1 1 1 11 31 1, 037 906 180 Eagle Grove 7 _ 1 4 15 28 1, 030 902 180 Emmetsburg 7 _ ... 1 2 11 27 784 696 176 Hawarden . . . 1 10 16 595 528 180 Independence . . 1 1 13 31 975 864 180 Maquoketa . . 1 1 1 11 33 1, 070 910 180 Missouri Valley. . _ _ 1 1 8 26 899 757 180 Monticello _ . _ _ _ 1 11 18 663 598 184 Nevada _ _ _ 1 1 5 29 799 698 180 Onawa _ _ 1 1 7 30 886 709 174 Osceola _ _ _ 1 2 9 23 832 704 180 Pella . . . 1 2 11 21 716 644 180 Rock Rapids .. 1 2 11 14 566 468 180 Sheldon _ _ 1 2 16 24 889 805 180 Tipton. _ _ _ _ 1 1 13 28 932 819 179 Waukon.. . 1 1 13 19 755 676 179 Other cities _ _ _ 20 4 31 175 355 16,903 14, 574 179 Kansas . . 36 96 279 679 28, 854 25,005 177 Anthony _ _ _ 1 3 10 18 631 544 176 Augusta _ _ _ _ 1 4 12 34 1,434 1, 213 180 Beloit.. .. 1 3 9 23 780 636 176 Cherryvale. . . 1 2 9 18 728 631 177 Eureka _ _ _ 1 4 7 20 1, 024 803 176 Fredonia.. . . . 1 3 13 23 884 790 176 Galena.. ... . _ . 2 4 7 28 1,012 906 180 Garnett _ _ _ . 1 3 8 22 710 641 178 Herington... _ _ _ 1 3 8 21 728 640 174 Hiawatha . . .. .. . 1 3 9 21 735 643 178 Hoisington . . 1 4 11 28 1, 052 901 180 Holton.. . . . 1 2 7 19 613 531 180 Kingman.. . _ 1 1 H 21 747 727 174 Marysville . . . 1 3 10 27 1,012 790 176 Norton.. . . . . 1 1 5 20 613 548 180 Osawatomie _ _ _ 1 2 11 24 1, 040 909 175 Paola.. . . . . . 1 3 9 28 834 794 176 Other cities _ _ _ _ 18 48 123 284 14, 277 12, 358 177 Michigan _ 59 10 80 670 1,288 62, 041 54, 419 184 Allegan. . . . . 1 2 20 34 1, 611 1, 360 190 Bad Axe . _ _ 1 1 9 21 756 679 190 Belding _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 11 32 1,170 936 180 Bessemer _ ... 1 1 11 18 646 552 190 Boyne City. _ _ _ 1 11 21 967 870 184 Caro 6 _ _ _ _ 1 1 13 26 1, 142 1, 064 180 Durand . . . 1 1 10 24 1,001 921 184 footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 117 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six * major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $11, 040 $8, 584 $122, 475 $1, 619 $5, 731 $138, 409 $32, 535 $181, 984 285 10, 222 10, 250 116, 638 1, 773 7, 130 135, 791 32, 768 178, 781 286 7, 304 7, 680 120, 764 1, 870 2, 418 132, 732 15, 624 155, 660 287 10, 962 15, 880 134, 390 1,430 6, 320 158, 020 40, 920 209, 902 288 8, 594 9, 661 133, 435 1, 750 8,708 153, 554 29, 456 191, 604 289 11, 377 4, 212 83, 425 2, 000 3,112 92, 749 19, 842 123, 968 290 4,531 9, 636 72, 321 909 82, 866 14, 510 101, 907 291 197, 790 $15, 576 202, 078 2, 308, 877 4, 582 79, 723 2, 610, 836 681, 047 3, 489, 673 292 372, 938 30, 347 283, 443 4, 205, 721 18, 208 261, 021 4, 798, 740 1, 987, 816 7, 159, 494 293 9, 474 6, 860 15, 250 106, 112 1, 650 6,468 136, 340 48, 775 194, 589 294 6, 256 8, 000 83, 820 1,500 4,400 97, 720 50, 894 154, 870 295 8, 195 8, 949 102, 633 8, 859 120, 441 60, 682 189, 318 296 9,203 7, 750 127, 778 1,500 12, 447 149, 475 59, 197 217, 875 297 7, 748 90, 885 7, 268 98, 153 63, 187 169, 088 298 5,496 4,901 4, 901 132, 632 1, 440 6, 980 150, 854 53, 329 209, 679 299 7, 436 16, 460 145, 904 1, 940 7, 915 172, 219 54, 132 233, 787 300 10, 528 12, 750 110, 752 1, 700 5, 145 130, 347 57, 340 198, 215 301 5, 640 85, 750 1,588 87, 338 31, 967 124, 945 302 10, 397 5,500 123, 362 1, 362 10, 548 140, 772 67, 505 218, 674 303 8,537 4, 004 4,003 115, 421 9, 615 133, 043 55, 508 197, 088 304 7,756 5, 000 107, 289 1, 575 7,759 121, 623 49, 998 179, 377 305 6, 138 88, 316 9, 666 97, 982 47, 055 151, 175 306 9, 016 3, 860 85, 837 5, 650 95, 347 29, 917 134, 280 307 8, 487 4, 000 96, 309 7, 194 107, 503 26, 466 142, 456 308 9, 317 10, 000 81, 977 4, 627 96, 604 39, 281 145, 202 309 8, 084 11, 118 77, 413 1,500 4, 745 94, 776 30, 859 133, 719 310 7, 468 10, 000 77, 393 6, 828 94, 221 43, 734 145, 423 311 19, 435 8, 748 125, 371 1,400 8, 107 143, 626 28, 639 191, 700 312 8, 912 5, 000 113, 739 6, 088 124, 827 69, 720 203, 459 313 11, 738 5, 000 91, 888 8,708 105, 596 39, 471 156, 805 314 187, 677 14, 582 137, 154 2, 035, 140 2,641 110, 416 2, 299, 933 980, 160 3, 467, 770 315 291, 612 384, 436 3, 152, 365 12, 216 180, 594 3, 729, 611 1, 083, 410 5, 104, 633 316 5,712 14, 000 83, 730 5, 550 103, 280 40, 188 149, 180 317 9, 101 14, 000 137, 407 1, 390 14, 794 167, 591 36, 271 212, 963 318 7, 453 10, 978 93, 505 8, 133 112, 616 28, 627 148, 696 319 8, 065 7,035 78, 488 1, 450 6,395 93, 368 21, 129 122, 562 320 10, 654 22, 259 89, 302 2, 977 114, 538 34, 539 159, 731 321 9, 830 11, 050 103, 033 973 6,635 121, 691 39, 822 171, 343 322 6,768 12, 252 82, 891 1,500 2, 565 99, 208 28, 710 134, 686 323 8, 784 11, 336 83, 794 3, 498 98, 628 28, 198 135, 610 324 10, 797 12, 341 77, 263 1,361 4, 721 95, 686 31, 831 138, 314 325 5, 914 10, 136 88, 872 1, 452 3, 878 104, 338 23, 277 133, 529 326 9,244 15, 314 112, 327 1, 295 8,174 137, 110 31, 651 178, 005 327 7,937 7, 115 73, 941 1, 960 83, 016 18, 764 109, 717 328 5, 599 4, 262 100, 480 1,245 5, 344 111,331 27, 402 144, 332 329 9, 683 10, 361 111, 546 7,831 129, 738 28,444 167, 865 330 6, 443 5,446 59, 955 10, 304 75, 705 38, 690 120, 838 331 11, 006 11, 288 106, 443 1, 550 7, 632 126, 913 33, 893 171, 812 332 8, 376 14, 628 106, 262 1, 265 122, 155 44,853 175, 384 333 150, 246 190, 635 1, 563, 126 78, 938 1, 832, 699 547, 121 2, 530, 066 334 769, 627 45, 396 360,369 7, 422, 339 41, 256 480, 262 8, 349, 622 3, 480, 187 12, 599, 436 335 13, 076 7,390 183, 769 1, 300 12, 718 205, 177 75, 687 293, 940 336 14, 500 5,235 111, 223 7, 884 124, 342 66, 326 205, 168 337 12, 422 8, 929 137, 612 1, 475 4, 610 152, 626 59, 695 224, 743 338 12, 937 3, 528 82, 350 1,402 16, 099 103, 379 63, 962 180, 278 339 10,909 103, 288 10, 041 113, 329 54, 813 179, 051 340 9,788 4, 516 126, 005 1, 100 5, 999 137, 620 62, 111 209, 519 341 11, 032 4, 350 122, 709 15, 364 142, 423 56, 795 210, 250 342 118 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 TO Num- Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State ber of super in tend - ents, deputy, and as- Super visors Princi¬ pals Instructional staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily Num¬ ber of days sistant super¬ intend¬ ents (posi¬ tions) (posi¬ tions) Men Women attend¬ ance schools were taught 2 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Michigan— Continued 1 2 15 35 1,287 1, 369 1,076 850 1,029 1,152 183 1 1 17 28 188 1 2 16 25 914 183 Gladstone..- . . 1 13 21 680 180 Grand Ledge . . 3 23 42 1, 883 1,032 880 1, 710 969 182 1 4 2 13 25 179 Marine City. _ _ 1 1 11 31 759 181 Munising _ _ _ 1 1 11 26 1, 064 975 186 1 2 15 28 1, 305 1, 147 1, 015 1, 245 180 Northville _ _ 1 2 15 32 1,156 183 Otsego _ _ 1 2 15 32 1, 495 190 Rochester _ _ 2 1 29 37 1, 715 791 1, 616 731 183 1 1 10 19 189 2 3 11 35 1, 392 1, 040 592 1, 327 856 187 St. Clair 1 2 12 24 186 St. Ignace _ 1 1 10 10 514 176 St. Johns _ 1 1 13 35 1,481 1, 006 1,246 938 185 St. Louis 6 _ 1 2 10 24 182 Wakefield _ 1 1 1 12 28 899 794 190 Other cities. . _ 31 5 42 314 575 32, 435 28, 420 184 Minnesota _ _ 39 8 49 422 794 36, 775 31, 797 173 Bayport _ 1 2 12 340 306 180 Benson _ 1 1 1 18 28 1, 216 1,342 1, 169 1, 081 1,202 1, 054 882 171 Crosby _ 1 2 2 21 35 170 ! Glenwood _ 3 2 17 28 172 Jackson _ 1 2 16 23 974 174 Lake City _ 1 1 12 20 820 524 180 Lu verne . . . . 1 1 16 22 831 744 173 Morris _ _ 1 2 13 24 985 875 172 North St. Paul _ _ 1 2 15 29 1, 374 1, 165 172 Park Rapids _ 1 1 11 26 1, 130 840 171 Sauk Centre _ 1 2 12 20 721 180 Sleepy Eye... . . 1 1 6 14 490 448 172 Staples 7 _ _ 1 1 13 27 1, 025 1,129 1,031 880 173 i Tracy _ _ 1 1 15 27 952 172 Waseca . . 1 1 11 28 917 172 White Bear Lake .. _ 1 1 2 18 58 2, 306 1, 064 18, 709 1, 974 941 172 Windom . . . . 1 2 14 28 175 Other cities _ 20 4 25 192 345 16, 162 173 Missouri . . 52 16 108 440 1, 408 51, 612 45,443 179 Aurora _ _ 1 1 1 10 25 1, 007 996 908 180 Bethany _ _ 1 2 4 40 936 178 Bolivar. _ _ 1 2 10 39 1, 273 902 1,092 760 176 Bonne Terre _ 1 2 10 25 175 California _ 1 7 26 714 620 180 Cameron . . . . 1 1 2 12 27 869 800 178 Crystal City _ 1 3 9 25 834 756 180 Dexter _ 1 1 2 g 30 1, 240 1,264 1,159 1, 050 500 180 Eldon . . . 1 2 10 38 180 Fayette _ _ _ 1 2 6 19 535 180 Fredericktown _ 1 2 8 25 1, 075 1,929 951 177 Hayti... . . . . 1 1 1 13 41 1,509 180 Higginsville _ _ _ 1 2 10 25 750 180 Jackson _ 1 2 9 27 985 930 180 Lamar . . 1 2 8 21 844 706 177 Liberty . 1 2 10 34 1,202 885 1,001 845 180 Louisiana _ _ 1 1 2 5 28 180 Macon _ _ 1 3 6 23 637 180 Malden _ 1 3 6 29 1, 239 1, 154 180 Monett . 1 i 1 9 33 1, 011 926 178 361 363 367! 381 footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 119 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Salaries and Wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six 3 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) 10 13 17 $12, 233 13, 617 10, 154 9, 025 17, 071 11, 702 13, 418 14, " 11, 039 11, 381 17. 221 25, 769 11, 850 20, 061 17, 029 8, 523 16, 819 9, 241 16, 096 418, 020 428, 260 $8, 500 5, 093 7,700 $16, 186 5, 23, 630 13, 975 10, 066 5, 000 4,404 9. 100 9, 555 8, 613 5, 550 4, 900 12, 580 9, 962 4, 300 5,150 7,600 5, 580 188, 793 $185, 092 157, 500 116, 155 90, 573 222, 934 130, 213 115,315 115, 653 164,589 157, 490 146, 761 237, 613 94, 752 164, 409 129, 360 58,883 168, 295 99, 795 111, 621 3, 888, 380 $1, 550 1,600 1.500 3.500 4, 294 1, 010 1,700 1,850 870 1, 356 37, 135 226, 336 4, 308, 326 2,037 12, 752 6,453 $210. 258 175. 788 139, 491 103. 843 266, 784 166, 874 130, 543 121, 949 178, 110 174, 206 163, 351 258, 245 103, 583 178, 995 148. 786 68, 574 186. 131 114, 017 142, 882 4, 338, 316 $63. 947 46, 790 58, 174 30, 005 94. 308 67. 792 59, 557 53, 665 52, 924 49, 976 60, 693 102, 332 47, 244 82, 426 74, 165 26, 864 62, 286 79. 490 74, 262 , 853, 898 $286. 438 343 236. 195 344 207, 819 345 142. 873 346 378, 163 347 246. 368 348 203, 518 349 190, 308 350 242, 073 235, 563 241, 265 353 386, 346 354 162, 677 355 281, 482 356 239, 980 357 103, 961 358 265, 236 359 202, 748 360 233, 240 , 610, 234 444, 455 5, 022, 705 2, 052, 254 503, 219 363 6, 615 13, 183 13, 424 10, 997 13,000 11, 200 10, 757 12, 162 13, 815 12, 477 10, 664 9, 279 10, 600 11, 377 11,250 19, 122 11, 672 226, 666 4,500 7,825 6,000 ‘iMlO 5, 000 9, 250 7, 200 8, 500 4,000 4, 300 10, 570 8, 345 5, 000 9, 093 4, 500 7, 000 5, 000 4, 650 8, 923 9,600 115, 405 40, 337 146, 412 213, 482 122, 387 120,000 93, 845 110, 673 103, 569 140, 779 111, 383 107, 227 59, 394 115, 859 122, 356 130, 472 241, 466 132, 014 2, 196. 671 1, 250 1, 550 1,700 1,953 17, 690 13, 988 20, 508 14, 711 6, 000 9, 875 12, 907 11, 228 18, 471 14, 363 13, 196 7, 477 12, 600 13, 723 13. 187 28, 868 14, 815 200, 848 58, 027 169, 900 252, 315 144, 298 134, 500 107, 720 127, 880 125, 367 169, 145 130, 746 129, 516 71, 371 135, 459 141, 079 148. 309 286, 957 156. 429 , 533, 687 10, 559 66. 042 86. 497 64.535 31, 200 48, 199 30. 366 52, 373 47, 678 52, 292 63, 265 30, 061 60, 432 77. 044 48. 272 162, 219 56. 419 1, C64, 801 75, 201 364 249, 125 365 352, 236 366 219, 830 367 178, 7001368 167, 1191369 169, 003(370 189, 902 371 230, 638 372 195, 515 373 203, 445 374 110, 711 375 206. 491 376 229, 500 377 207,831(378 468. 298 379 224, 520 , 825, 154 382 391, 450 69, 135 415, 606 5, 144, 725 30,424 430, 932 6, 090, 822 2, 552, 397 9, 034, 669 8,795 9,725 8,016 9, 524 5,485 6, 431 7, 315 5, 327 10, 170 4,547 3, 942 6, 319 10, 460 6, 235 5, 814 3, 966 7, 921 7,501 8, 4,150 4, 250 7, 000 8, 300 6, 967 4,100 3," 187 4,533 5," 216 8,600 12, 000 7, 435 7,061 8, 325 9, 800 3, 600 8, 207 8, 030 9,250 10, 847 7, 177 7, 489 9, 925 7,001 92, 217 115, 859 106, 222 85,231 81, 229 92, 940 109, 478 86, 039 112, 217 51, 209 84, 806 132, 159 84, 365 81,600 76, 104 108, 914 76, 318 65, 530 74, 971 97, 598 1, 462 1, 614 1,370 T566 1, 184 1, 516 9, 789 5, 000 10, 691 9. 048 3,584 10, 151 8, 410 9, 560 9, 895 5,314 13, 264 12,200 8,638 8, 066 11, 875 13, 397 11, 139 4, 606 13, 803 7,466 111, 868 127, 859 125, 213 101, 246 86. 427 115, 791 131, 258 106. 221 130, 673 64. 848 107. 870 153, 259 102, 570 100, 583 97, 229 134, 342 99, 167 77, 625 98,699 118, 797 24, 739 81, 247 56. 551 32, 423 40, 145 45, 654 41, 418 26, 439 54,184 20, 633 31, 673 41, 939 43, 793 39, 634 46, 929 82, 513 34,244 42,720 47, 718 30, 322 145, 402 ; 218, 831 189, 780 143, 193 132, 057 : 167, 876 : 179, 991 : 137, 987 : 195, 027 ; 90, 028 ; 143, 485 : 201, 517 i 156, 823 146, 452 : 149, 972 : 220, 821 398 141, 332 399 128, 654 400 153, 918 401 158,009,402 392 393 394 395 396 (397 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 Men Women i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Missouri— Continued North Kansas City _ 1 2 7 24 129 1, 525 1, 327 180 ] 2 10 17 623 550 180 1 2 12 27 982 890 180 1 2 8 10 392 365 180 1 1 6 19 646 569 178 1 2 16 36 1,660 1,345 180 Other cities . . . .. 26 8 54 194 590 25, 536 22, 461 179 Nebraska _ _ 21 10 32 175 408 17, 355 15, 011 175 1 10 26 887 809 180 Chadron . . . . . 1 1 1 6 22 770 672 177 1 2 7 23 730 662 176 1 2 12 31 1, 300 1, 069 175 1 3 12 28 993 838 176 Ogallala 1 2 12 21 864 808 177 Schuyler _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 11 19 653 615 176 Sidney . . 1 2 1 13 32 1, 310 1,050 177 Wayne 1 1 6 14 464 391 176 West Point _ _ 1 2 5 13 380 318 179 Other cities _ _ 11 5 17 81 179 9, 004 7, 779 175 North Dakota _ 2 . .. 3 17 37 1, 495 1, 350 180 Grafton • . _ . . 1 1 8 22 909 798 180 Rugby . . . 1 2 9 15 586 552 180 Ohio... . . . . 70 70 651 1,443 67, 009 59, 798 175 Amhurst . . . 2 1 7 24 1, 073 992 175 Bamesville _ 1 2 15 26 1, 138 1, 053 172 Bridgeport 1 1 12 31 1,396 1, 107 175 Cadiz 1 1 10 22 840 795 175 Carrollton . . . 1 1 12 31 1, 239 1,143 170 Chagrin Falls . 1 2 11 21 905 724 175 Clyde _ _ _ 1 1 12 24 1, 096 1,037 170 Columbiana . . . 1 8 17 798 748 174 Crestline _ _ _ 1 1 10 18 760 710 174 Crooksville 1 1 6 15 725 650 175 Dennison _ 1 9 21 808 754 174 Eaton _ _ _ 1 2 11 29 1,137 1.063 172 Elmwood Place _ _ _ 1 5 16 724 579 182 Fairport Harbor . . . 1 1 10 20 654 619 178 Greenfield . . . 1 1 10 44 1,622 1,498 171 Hicksville _ . . . 1 1 8 19 751 546 180 Lebanon . . .. . . 1 15 45 1,813 1,610 168 Lisbon. . . . . . 1 1 11 34 1, 114 1,034 174 Marysville . . . . 2 13 21 964 909 180 Middleport _ 1 9 18 793 717 177 Mingo Junction _ _ 2 1 13 32 1, 012 968 176 Montpelier.. . . . 1 2 11 19 1,012 811 180 Nelsonville _ _ _ _ 1 1 7 27 1,036 924 186 New Boston . 1 1 15 25 926 839 177 N ewcomersto wn . 1 1 12 28 1, 118 1,000 177 New Lexington .. . 1 2 g 23 967 773 169 Newton Falls. . . . . 1 1 15 32 1,332 1,228 177 North Canton. . _ _ _ 1 2 14 28 1,221 878 183 Perrysburg. . . . . 1 2 17 27 1, 202 1,090 174 Pomeroy _ . _ . 1 2 13 15 788 719 170 Rittman _ _ _ _ .. 1 6 28 994 903 176 Upper Sandusky _ 1 1 15 20 967 912 172 Wauseon . 1 2 9 23 893 851 180 Westerville _ _ 1 1 16 32 1, 462 1, 332 175 footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 121 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Salaries and Wages Teachers Other 3 Total in¬ structional Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts4 Super¬ visors Princi- and other pals instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 1? 13 14 15 $12, 258 5, 876 4, 478 2,654 11, 390 8,411 201, 691 $8,600 34, 049 $25, 756 6,542 8, 913 6,000 3,200 7,850 206, 081 $418, 875 55, 605 68, 329 46, 925 56, 133 132, 759 2, 551, 093 $6, 787 1,900 2,048 1, 587 1, 446 1,532 2, 231 $17, 576 6,807 2,019 10, 465 6,863 13,290 188, 016 195, 974 39, 760 122, 025 1, 899, 385 4,149 183, 555 14, 327 9, 226 6, 759 3, 902 6,636 10, 044 10, 488 O, 8,093 9, 852 5, 416 7, 415 105, 662 7, 950 7,280 20, 537 9, 970 11,832 7, 360 3, 850 4, 620 3,416 7, 000 63, 439 97, 142 4,688 83, 585 11, 174 90, 306 11, 089 124, 673 1,600 9,739 100, 770 1,493 17, 898 88, 856 9, 684 78, 020 7,174 132, 716 1, 056 21, 425 53, 190 3,941 62, 668 1, 599 987, 459 85, 144 11, 558 9, 000 151, 429 5, 358 6,200 3, 000 81, 481 6, 000 69, 948 6, 654 1,035 712, 665 303, 170 7, 138, 655 20, 282 447, 773 11, 087 10, 888 10, 576 8,695 8, 195 9, 343 10, 356 7,967 11, 196 8,172 9,597 11,011 12, 623 10, 939 11,079 8,190 9, 685 8, 676 9,036 7, 063 9,833 11, 956 10, 784 13, 287 11, 924 9, 927 12, 188 16, 147 14, 771 9, 525 9, 614 10, 759 8, 814 12, 808 4, 465 8,900 4, 583 4, 233 4, 100 9, 780 5, 662 4,600 4, 000 8,625 4,868 4,292 5,000 4,338 4, 795 9, 027 4, 255 4, 600 4, 000 8, 624 4, 260 8,695 9, 367 7, 400 4,500 7, 300 4, 133 101, 738 125, 595 127, 298 93, 496 128, 435 118, 540 112, 070 76, 613 85, 224 63, 669 80, 291 128, 061 76, 178 115, 349 158, 204 88, 188 95, 831 137, 229 114, 599 74, 484 139, 555 102, 999 102, 460 132, 044 104, 862 77, 251 139, 308 138, 788 148, 622 78, 521 120, 502 106, 232 1, 509 2, 400 1, 350 1,245 1, 385 1, 950 2, 194 1,525 1,200 995 96, 269 144, 406 10, 398 10, 034 3, 996 11, 781 11,616 6,502 15, 359 4, 034 10, 395 2,977 5, 526 11, 245 2,330 7,872 10, 695 5,455 7,091 6, 496 9, 243 3, 004 11, 377 5, 170 5, 779 4,691 8, 169 4,846 12, 363 5, 519 14, 066 2, 367 8, 521 7, 678 8, 793 6, 066 expenditures 16 17 $477, 594 70,854 81, 309 64, 977 67, 642 155, 431 2, 981, 470 $203, 089 38, 904 36, 366 35, 415 32, 188 52, 682 1, 288, 835 2, 248, 874 595, 850 101, 830 102, 654 108, 031 145, 982 131, 993 105, 900 96, 994 167, 097 60, 547 71, 267 1, 156, 579 12, 272 30,242 25, 324 49, 199 31,420 21, 487 22, 578 44, 708 15, 258 28, 273 315, 089 168, 118 48, 363 91, 135 31, 433 76, 983 16, 930 7, 909, 880 3, 170, 883 116, 601 144, 529 137, 386 109, 510 144, 151 137, 222 134, 441 80, 647 100, 219 70, 646 85, 817 147, 931 78, 508 128, 089 174, 436 98, 643 102, 922 148, 063 123, 842 77, 488 155, 727 117, 196 113, 879 141, 335 118, 981 92, 915 157, 456 153, 002 173, 255 89, 283 129, 023 118, 410 112, 362 154, 605 58, 107 48, 190 65, 722 32, 966 59, 941 52, 160 64, 213 41, 590 71, 917 35, 147 37, 705 59, 412 25, 514 88, 901 70, 508 38, 192 36, 856 56, 114 50, 028 16, 901 58, 613 34, 271 36, 726 32, 981 33, 973 47, 638 64, 879 41, 719 65, 420 28, 887 46,640 44, 354 41, 932 51, 986 Total six 8 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) 18 $692, 941 115, 634 122, 153 103, 046 111, 220 216, 524 4, 471, 996 3,040,698 128, 429 142, 122 140, 114 205, 225 173, 901 136, 079 127, 665 221, 657 81, 221 106, 955 1, 577, 330 228, 039 127, 926 100, 113 11, 793, 428 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 185, 203, 213, 151, 212, 198, 209, 130, 183, 113, 133, 218, 116, 227, 256, 145, 149, 212, 182, 101, 224, 163, 161, 187, 164, 150, 234, 210, 253, 127, 185, 173, 163, 219, 695 455 2771456 523 457 108 458 3991459 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 TO Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui staff 1 tioi Men ;tional (posi- 1S) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ohio— Continued 460 1 11 25 963 877 174 461 Willard . 1 3 12 33 1, 225 1, 075 180 462 Other cities . . 31 31 253 530 29, 541 26, 330 175 463 South Dakota _ 12 14 111 192 8, 444 7, 454 178 464 Canton _ 1 2 13 15 642 565 180 465 1 1 7 22 655 549 175 466 Milbank _ _ _ 1 1 12 15 601 553 177 467 Mobridge . . . 1 1 12 21 817 733 180 468 Sisseton. _ _ __ 1 1 9 23 849 749 176 469 Other cities _ 7 8 58 96 4, 880 4, 305 178 470 Wisconsin _ 49 17 77 514 1, 012 41, 986 37, 131 178 471 Algoma _ _ 1 11 13 612 489 190 472 Berlin _ 1 2 15 18 909 791 180 473 Black River Falls _ _ 1 1 2 11 54 1, 617 1, 420 176 474 Burlington _ . 1 1 3 18 527 458 180 475 Clintonville _ 1 2 21 27 1,078 1,006 180 476 Columbus _ 1 1 10 25 780 710 184 477 Greendale _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 39 780 681 186 478 Hudson _ _ 1 1 1 9 22 757 666 176 479 Hurley . . . . 1 4 7 17 28 1, 068 985 174 480 Jefferson _ 1 1 8 19 619 554 175 481 Kimberly _ _ _ 1 1 11 10 407 374 180 482 Ladysmith _ _ _ 1 1 14 24 787 760 176 483 Lancaster _ _ 2 9 15 700 630 176 484 May ville _ _ 1 1 9 16 622 522 186 485 Neills ville _ 1 1 8 18 654 621 176 486 New London. . . 1 2 16 24 943 898 177 487 Park Falls . . 2 8 14 593 533 180 488 Plymouth _ _ 1 2 15 24 950 890 180 489 Port Washington _ 1 2 12 24 857 746 187 490 Richland Center . 1 1 1 14 32 1,215 972 175 491 Sheboygan Falls _ 2 2 12 25 742 668 185 492 Spooner _ _ _ 1 2 20 23 1,232 986 170 493 Stoughton . . . 2 2 13 38 1, 237 1,057 189 494 Tomahawk . _ . 1 14 17 730 668 180 495 Viroqua _ _ 1 2 13 25 1,069 980 180 496 Waupaca . . . . 10 27 1,028 864 176 497 Other cities. . . 23 8 36 211 393 19, 473 17, 202 178 498 SOUTH . 332 31 679 2, 690 10, 132 377, 656 322, 313 177 499 Alabama . . . 5 12 31 137 5,051 4,506 176 500 Carbon Hill 1 2 6 28 1,015 926 175 501 Florala ... _ 1 1 2 14 497 419 176 502 Jacksonville. . 1 3 8 33 1, 220 1,092 175 503 Piedmont . 1 3 10 28 1, 126 1,038 176 504 Union Springs . 1 3 5 34 1, 193 1,031 176 505 Arkansas . . . 31 2 68 263 1, 161 47, 781 40, 248 175 506 Clarendon. . 1 7 32 1, 249 1,059 176 507 Clarksville . . 1 1 9 35 1, 380 1, 179 176 508 Crossett... . . 1 2 3 13 57 2, 302 2,112 177 509 De Queen. _ _ 1 2 ! 7 29 1, 107 918 172 510 Fordyce _ 1 3 7 33 1, 334 1,131 173 511 Marianna _ _ 1 3 15 63 2, 656 2, 191 173 512 McGehee _ _ 1 3 8 38 1,543 1, 259 178 513 Mena.. . . . . . 1 3 7 46 1, 589 1, 373 178 514 Monticello . 1 3 5 47 1, 642 1,422 177 See footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 123 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration $16, 274 11, 070 328, 610 Instruction Salaries and Wages 92, 987 Super¬ visors 11 Princi¬ pals $10, 785 133, 983 54, 165 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff 13 $128, 231 122, 840 3, 154, 6 1, 043, 762 Clerks $1,720 2, 461 Other 3 15 $9, 241 8, 835 168, 243 83, 113 Total in¬ structional expenditures 16 $137, 472 144, 180 3, 459, 708 1, 181, 501 Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts4 17 $49, 529 49, 569 1, 431, 682 378, 841 Total six 8 major cur- rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) 18 $203, 275 204, 819 5, 220, 000 1, 653,329 460 461 462 463 8, 380 7, 5, 384 9, 709 5,945 55,600 6, 414 4, 000 4, 500 4, 000 3, 31. 358 76, 942 91, 797 84, 706 100, 781 85, 238 604, 298 461 6, 927 8, 455 9, 671 7, 6, 439 44,113 90, 744 104, 252 98, 877 112, 289 95, 570 679, 769 40, 243 30, 013 26, 287 31, 051 28, 777 222, 470 139, 367 142, 234 130, 548 153, 049 130, 292 957, 839 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 448 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 367, 826 $73, 333 339, 546 5, 432, 873 36, 887 486, 904 6, 369, 533 2, 919, 338 9, 656. 697 5, 021 7,171 23, 750 9,007 9. 179 3, 402 967 3, 357 8, 813 4,910 3,788 3,994 2,641 6, 606 8, 452 10, 138 8,319 11,949 7, 546 9, 161 6, 350 10, 217 10, 670 6, 385 7,924 178, 109 4, 000 10,340 4, 000 17, 648 3,500 10, 791 9. 23 4,010 8, 076 5, 500 6, 700 4, 660 29, 116 4, 960 5, 000 6, 700 8, 300 4, 5, 000 7,200 7, 800 10, 000 10. 180 4. 000 6, 200 7, 429 7,915 8,230 33, 845 157, 846 76, 374 109, 502 175, 108 71, 676 163, 092 104, 572 162, 367 88, 000 150, 720 88, 864 62. 434 112, 427 73, 275 93, 256 73, 524 128, 560 63, 897 125, 625 128, 299 123, 861 110, 823 147, 148, 310 94, 112 119,830 110, 721 2, 525, 876 1, 186 1, 325 1, 338 1, 250 1, 976 1,696 1, 600 1, 550 1, 815 1, 2,120 1,613 2,084 1,400 2,035 1, 1, 200 2, 358 1,647 1, 598 3, 619 6,526 8, 896 9, 415 3,802 17, 514 6,917 11, 333 6, 891 13, 706 10, 314 4, 064 10, 145 9, 040 16, 251 14, 995 8, 489 5,001 16, 816 16,317 8.625 13, 729 20, 785 12, 102 10, 353 16, 753 12, 438 195, 687 84, 086 129, 189 199, 085 79, 488 190, 020 118, 239 192, 716 105, 247 212, 790 104, 138 73, 048 129, 272 92, 430 116, 071 93, 519 144, 249 78, 818 154, 054 156, 880 141, 386 132, 787 177, 581 169, 527 106, 823 146, 460 124, 757 2, 916, 873 15, 140 83,428 108, 798 43, 507 82, 017 43, 629 67, 820 34, 476 111, 458 44, 828 30, 194 59,242 48, 035 63, 895 34, 901 40, 675 34, 587 60, 789 33,209 76, 360 31, 903 108, 914 93. 878 43, 773 93, 295 45, 952 1, 384, 635 104, 247 219, 788 331, 633 132. 002 281, 216 165, 270 261, 503 143, 080 333, 061 153, 876 107, 030 192, 508 143, 106 186, 572 136, 872 195, C62 121, 724 226, 792 197, 635 226.907 171, 040 296, 712 274,075 156, 981 247, 679 170, 709 4, 479, 617 2, 903, 402 110, 349 2, 744, 534 34, 214, 061 99, 790 1, 164, 965 38, 333, 699 10, 254, 725 51, 491, 826 23, 881 5,632 4, 690 1, 254 7,429 4,876 193, 874 43, 001 413, 631 11, 761 468, 393 48, 616 540, 890 8, 051 3, 250 10,700 10, 500 10,500 4, 078 200,535 79, 113 34, 571 110, 536 87, 442 101, 969 2,895 176 3, 087 2, 424 3,179 90, 059 37, 997 124, 323 100, 366 115, 648 15, 154 3, 681 15, 035 1, 910 12, 836 110, 845 46, 368 140, 612 109, 705 133, 360 2, 637, 813 10,005 58,141 2, 910, 572 960, 187 1 4,064,633 4,078 326602— 5J 3, 600 7, 469 6,900 7, 755 9,600 8, 820 7, 800 8, 100 63, 172 78, 662 139, 597 72,590 78, 448 128, 932 83,977 89, 612 87, 648 1,500 1, 725 2,298 2, 350 5, 195 1,044 1, 160 2,204 3, 098 3, 836 65, 470 84, 612 156, 339 82, 034 89, 088 138, 532 95, 001 102, 446 99, 584 26, 910 21, 552 48. 956 27. 957 23,123 42, 562 26, 928 34, 712 23, 479 99, 191 110, 431 221, 234 115, 968 118, 596 189, 486 127,890 142, 412 131, 027 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3 — Personnel , attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught * Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Arkansas— Continued 1 2 4 37 1, 213 1,036 174 1 3 11 35 1,465 1,221 172 1 1 10 35 1,500 1,238 175 1 4 10 63 2, 504 2,148 174 Trumann _ 1 3 13 37 2,055 1, 578 174 1 4 11 47 2, 173 1,847 176 1 2 18 49 2. 526 1, 971 176 Other cities . . 15 28 108 478 19, 543 16, 565 175 Delaware . 4 5 44 126 3, 791 3,085 180 1 2 12 49 1, 331 1,247 180 Lewes... . . 2 14 23 938 750 180 Seaford. . . 1 3 18 54 1, 522 1,088 180 Georgia . 22 2 19 124 470 16. 882 14, 435 180 Barnesville 7 . . 2 2 15 37 1, 356 1, 085 180 Buford _ 1 1 2 24 808 678 180 Calhoun _ 1 5 21 1,070 856 180 Canton _ 1 2 12 22 955 831 180 Commerce _ 1 1 8 28 1,007 852 180 Hogansville _ 1 8 41 1,384 1, 189 180 Quitman _ _ 1 2 8 45 1, 352 1,305 180 Trion . . 1 2 5 25 956 841 180 West Point _ 1 1 8 25 528 455 180 Winder . . 2 1 1 7 29 1,203 958 180 Other cities . . . 10 1 7 46 173 6, 263 5. 385 180 Kentucky . 24 58 146 594 24,640 20, 824 175 Bardstown _ 1 2 10 19 982 845 175 Carrollton _ _ 1 1 9 21 783 672 176 Catlettsburg _ 1 6 29 1,136 910 175 Central City . . . 1 2 6 22 810 720 173 Cynthiana _ _ 1 4 15 24 1,921 1,537 175 Earlington _ 1 2 20 685 584 174 Fulton... . . 1 2 3 22 711 619 175 Irvine _ _ 1 2 3 22 808 580 175 Lebanon _ _ _ 1 3 4 25 830 757 175 Pineville . . . . . 1 2 7 17 695 652 175 Providence _ 4 3 26 940 676 173 Shelbyville.. . 1 3 6 31 1,059 1,008 176 Versailles _ 1 2 1 19 960 852 175 Other cities . 12 29 73 297 12,320 10, 412 175 Mississippi . 29 48 144 702 28, 721 24,391 180 Amory. . . . . 1 2 5 27 1, 191 1, 109 180 Bay Saint Louis _ 1 2 4 27 770 707 180 Forest... . 1 1 9 26 1, 194 991 180 Hazlehurst. _ _ 1 2 9 31 1,328 1, 103 180 Holly Springs _ 1 4 32 1,230 1,001 180 Indianola _ _ _ 1 2 6 51 2,594 2,015 180 Moss Point _ 1 4 10 45 2, 102 1,621 180 New Albany _ _ 1 4 6 26 977 878 180 Oxford . . 2 2 5 29 875 793 180 Pass Christian . 1 1 4 15 591 483 180 Philadelphia _ _ 1 2 7 25 1,089 980 180 Port Gibson . . . . 1 2 5 29 1, 364 1, 195 180 Winona _ _ _ 1 3 6 27 666 628 180 Other cities... . 15 21 64 312 12,750 10,887 180 8ee footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 125 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and Wages Super¬ visors Princi- Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts4 Total six 8 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) 10 12 13 15 $5, 255 6, 490 8, 394 9, 322 5,693 6, 375 5,944 79, 451 8,472 3, 000 10, 550 5, 574 12, 795 10, 938 82, 562 $77, 422 88, 845 82,433 133, 797 85,232 127. 628 119, 798 1, 100, 020 $1, 835 $288 1,997 1, 764 3,432 5,387 4,538 2,169 17, 381 $84, 310 101, 149 87, 197 147, 779 96, 193 147, 970 132, 905 $25, 718 72, 156 27, 204 50, 970 21,944 35, 448 48, 232 402, 336 $115, 283 179, 795 122, 795 208, 071 123, 830 189, 793 187, 081 1, 681, 750 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 151, 433 528 87, 026 : 529 102, 5951530 152, 675; 531 38. 250 28,320 592, 768 9,093 44, 064 674, 245 135, 491 847, 986 14. 776 9, 839 13, 635 12, 110 ■16:210 217, 748 135, 404 239, 616 3, 000 3, 961 2, 132 14, 929 7,440 21, 695 247, 787 146, 805 279, 653 53, 160 32, 886 49, 445 315, 723 189, 530 342, 733 142, 614 $7, 445 83, 167 1, 572, 317 6,448 31, 231 1, 700, 354, 262 2, 197, 484 12, 910 8, 893 7,880 8, 800 7, 159 9, 149 7,246 10, 864 8, 000 8. 724 52, 989 8,000 4,500 8, 350 3, 750 4,500 2,945 6,995 10,500 4,500 5,000 31, 572 123, 048 59, 743 72, 077 101, 540 93, 712 130, 000 125, 100 106, 455 70,000 87, 722 602, 920 1, 500 1, 500 1,474 1, 974 730 3, 300 5, 2, 611 2, 814 1, 045 3, 295 1,200 1,482 8, 386 131, 916 66, 473 76, 877 115, 390 101, 547 134, 788 133, 140 120, 250 75, 700 98, 704 645, 823 6, 607 11, 17, 838 28, 485 23, 040 32, 662 18, 688 38, 681 16,000 25, 719 134, 882 131, 746 176, 599 159, 074 169, 795 99, 700 133, 147 833, 694 214, 348 202, 614 1, 730, 750 4, 740 40, 350 1, 978, 454 675, 126 2, 867, 928 539 170 540 527 541 757 542 303 543 584 544 483 545 347 546 013 547 507 548 308 549 531 550 117 551 687 552 594 553 10, 818 12, 183 8, 976 7, 379 9, 391 7, 189 7, 425 6, 185 5. 087 9,149 6, 753 9, 847 6, 792 107, 174 9,500 3, 100 5,265 21, 840 5, 9, 5, 900 8, 530 5,416 8, 168 10, 326 8,404 101, 307 69. 639 68, 904 72, 501 55, 297 134, 352 32, 103 48, 292 43, 531 65,143 50, 184 53, 541 92, 697 79, 191 865, 375 1,500 i: 1,600 829 2,902 772 529 3, 840 422 2,670 565 1, 576 449 405 2, 587 2,629 20, 175 81,468 74, 906 73,273 61, 091 161, 672 37, 694 60, 651 49, 996 75, 249 56, 049 62, 114 107, 210 90,224 986, 857 20,884 24, 438 10, 508 26,833 98, 521 14,600 16, 271 10, 832 22, 171 22, 110 10, 664 31, 060 28, 671 337, 563 113, 111, 92, 95, 269, 59, 84, 67, 102, 87, 79, 148, 125, 1, 431, 196. 348 153, 509 1, 542, 162 62. 824 1, 760. 755 474, 303 2, 431. 406 554 385 555 627 556 477 557 686 558 509 559 115 560 158 561 749 562 064 563 807 .564 105 565 306 566 742 567 676 568 9,285 8.038 8.761 7. 475 7. 874 13, 851 19, 466 8. 054 2, 024 4. 370 6. 600 6. 761 6 543 87. 246 7,800 1900 3,290 7, 137 6.400 12.860 10. 873 6,200 5, 490 7.400 6,403 5, 395 69, 361 84,680 60, 395 56. 014 67, 599 53. 905 89. 321 121. 057 61, 107 66. 068 32. 222 52,800 45. 645 52, 031 699. 318 1,000 2. 600 2, 575 2,963 4, 475 1, 496 3, 874 4, 1.038 3. 430 1. 422 7,044 1,418 5. 320 20. 570 96,080 67. 870 62, 267 79, 211 55, 401 99, 595 138, 516 73. 018 76, 958 39, 134 67, 244 53. 466 62. 746 789, 249 25, 020 14, 719| 18, 449 13,000 16, 234 1 35, 6691 49. 176 26, 677 39. 082 11. 303 9, 261 15. 079 10, 453 190, 181 130, 90, 79, 149, 207, 107, 118, 54. 83. 75. 79. 1,066, 571 57? 573 574 575 576 577 578 1 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 60G 607 608 609 61C 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff 1 (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught * Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 North Carolina. . 13 3 44 143 616 23, 580 21, 163 180 1 7 17 69 2, 648 2, 445 180 1 4 12 44 1,733 1, 517 180 1 3 15 64 2, 481 2,263 180 1 2 17 45 1,939 1, 779 180 Elkin . 1 4 9 33 1,282 1,102 179 1 6 10 68 2,627 2, 471 180 1 1 6 32 1.138 1,023 180 1 3 9 65 2, 420 2, 084 180 1 2 11 32 1,123 956 180 1 4 11 51 1,916 1, 673 180 Other cities . . 3 3 8 26 113 4.273 3, 850 180 Oklahoma... . 40 9 93 380 874 35, 525 29, 894 177 Antlers _ 1 2 8 23 927 729 176 1 1 10 15 780 624 176 Cherokee _ _ _ 1 2 8 18 599 619 176 Cordell 1 2 18 18 761 657 175 Idabel 6 1 6 15 53 2,218 1, 751 178 Kingfisher _ 1 3 9 25 874 755 176 Madill . . 1 2 13 24 1, 066 920 179 Mangum _ 1 4 7 29 908 825 178 Marlow _ 1 3 10 24 980 883 177 Pawnee _ 1 2 12 23 920 810 176 Picher . . 1 1 2 9 36 1, 421 1, 137 179 Poteau . . . . . 1 2 5 16 29 1, 219 1,016 180 Purcell 6 _ 1 4 6 25 975 825 176 Sulphur. _ 1 3 9 34 1,251 1, 033 177 Tahlequah _ 2 2 20 41 1,713 1, 382 175 Tonkawa 1 2 10 16 805 657 177 Wagoner. _ 1 3 17 26 1,227 1, 050 173 Watonga. _ 1 4 10 26 1,011 894 176 Weatherford _ 1 i 2 11 16 768 670 175 Other cities . . 20 5 39 162 373 15, 102 12. 757 177 South Carolina . 35 47 324 1,742 65,700 54,868 179 Bamberg _ 1 7 46 1,686 1, 394 180 Batesburg _ 1 1 10 56 1,847 1,566 180 Bisbopville _ 1 2 9 45 1,876 1,433 180 Cheraw. _ 1 1 6 48 1, 847 1,576 179 Clover. _ 1 12 34 1,384 1,196 179 Denmark _ _ 1 4 9 36 1,667 1,333 180 Honea Path _ _ 1 2 5 35 1,378 1,102 180 Kingstree _ _ _ 1 1 18 99 3, 818 3, 134 180 Manning _ 1 20 124 4, 319 3, 481 180 Mullins _ _ 1 19 44 2, 132 1,912 179 North Augusta _ 1 4 6 77 2,708 2, 210 180 Ware Shoals _ 1 2 9 36 1,336 1, 165 180 Whitmire _ 1 7 39 2,204 1, 763 180 Williamston _ 1 3 13 57 2, 166 1,881 180 Winnsboro _ 1 3 9 71 2, 178 1, 902 180 York . . 1 2 13 78 2, 477 2, 067 179 Other cities _ 19 22 152 817 30, 677 25, 753 179 Tennessee... . . 16 13 24 235 8, 078 7, 111 176 Brownsville. . . 1 1 1 17 521 487 175 Clinton _ 3 1 4 19 719 635 175 Covington _ 1 1 4 20 724 637 175 Dayton _ 1 2 1 11 458 377 178 Etowah _ 1 2 1 18 614 568 175 Newport _ 1 2 20 693 610 180 Rogersville _ 1 1 2 26 820 739 175 footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 127 public-school systems in cities by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 4.999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Salaries and Wages Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditures Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts4 Total six s major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) 11 15 17 18 $131, 672 $11, 643 $194, 393 $2, 435, 121 $2,000 $75, 145 $2, 718, 302 $556, 265 $3, 406, 239 11,884 9, 752 11,412 11, 127 11,400 10, 426 9, 900 11,915 9, 470 10, 541 23. 845 11, 643 26. 818 15, 023 14, 530 10, 133 16, 130 31, 353 5, 570 15, 525 9,086 13, 920 36, 305 279, 714 174, 542 251, 878 199, 546 135, 625 245, 531 122, 997 251, 943 128, 027 190, 523 454, 795 2,000 9, 485 3. 374 8,031 6, 605 10, 526 9,245 2, 378 6, 972 693 8, 933 8, 903 316, 017 192, 939 274, “ 216,284 162, 281 286, 129 130, 945 274, 440 139, 806 213, 376 511, 646 56, 844 78, 245 48, 102 40, 692 33, 280 41, 363 17, 773 34, 215 21, 473 79, 692 104, 586 384, 745 280, 936 333, 953 268, 103 206, 961 337, 918 158, 618 320. 570 170, 749 303, 609 640, 077 966 605 014 606 910 607 739 ! 608 133 '609 685 610 806 611 992612 691 613 136 614 270, 450 34, 045 373,961 3, 560, 583 13, 584 141, 662 4, 123, 835 1, 169, 023 5, 563, 308 7,110 3, 900 5,171 9, 285 12. 451 15, 580 8,662 6, 930 6, 700 4,090 2. 242 5, 9. 202 12, 042 18, 475 6, 292 10, 295 4, 323 6, 578 115, 156 5, 700 9, 755 3,250 15, 340 8, 167 3.250 7, 500 7, 753 20, 406 11, 700 7, 950 11, 12, 000 7, 1 16, 970 21, 250 15, 836 11, 220 9,255 7, 875 10, 420 13, 741 7, 950 161, 818 81, 522 75, 573 82. 434 81, 227 176, 686 102, 188 102, 627 98. 307 98,000 98. 764 129, 150 160, 425 79, 354 122, 520 145, 533 77,908 95, 804 121, 091 84, 637 1, 546, 833 1, 750 2,100 ’655 1, 734 4, 841 2, 300 5,263 6, 574 3,407 5, 2,119 2,752 8,600 3, 161 600 10,316 3, 878 5, 874 15, 535 2, 215 4, 881 6, 043 3, 207 44, 102 94. 530 81, 123 95, 197 95, 554 200, 499 119, 882 114, 446 112, 359 118, 600 111, 625 152, 420 209, 746 99,068 139, 614 170, 323 87,998 111, 105 142, 609 99,044 1, 768, 093 30, 118 30, 025 14, 805 25, 407 52, 225 40, 975 64,023 19, 033 64, 400 24, 107 21,128 80, 217 21, 942 32,200 44, 459 19, 705 21, 340 40, 144 23, 689 509, 081 131, 115, 115, 130, 265, 176. 187, 138. 179, 139, 175, 295, 130, 183, 233, 113, 142, 187, 129, 2, 392, 275, 433 182, 396 5, 006, 233 2, 183 120,081 5, 310, 893 974, 247 6, 560, 573 5, 700 13,004 6. 671 6. 738 8, 558 6. 980 8,113 9, 678 7. 671 10, 016 9, 958 8, 223 8, 654 15, 358 10, 315 10, 787 129, 009 4, 917 8, 286 4,000 13, 410 8,000 4, 500 13, 000 9, 194 10, 310 10, 889 9,200 104. 577 155, 323 114, 460 127, 870 117, 423 129, 596 111.900 238, 865 285. 375 171, 054 197, 520 127, 625 101, 707 197, 462 206, 872 229, 182 2, 389, 422 2, 183 4, 3, 872 3, 371 4. 934 3, 327 1,474 5, 383 2, 727 5,085 7, 333 1, 865 3,137 2,988 6, 325 12, 487 9,261 41,813 109, 276 166, 295 126, 117 136, 804 120, 750 144. 480 125, 283 246, 092 290, 460 178, 387 212, 385 139, 956 104, 695 214, 097 230, 248 247, 643 2, 517, 925 16, 693 30, 199 18, 178 24, 472 31, 602 24, 279 23, 737 40, 915 47. 675 29, 589 21, 348 29, 957 21, 708 44, 758 58, 138 45, 663 465, 336 131, 209, 150, 168. 160, 175, 157, 296, 345, 217, 243, 178, 135, 274, 298, 304, ,112, 615 616 617 618 619 51, 030 43, 851 522, 068 3,461 18,206 587, 586 143, 702 782, 318 620 1,458 8, 213 5,128 4,046 6, 062 4,236 4,000 4,000 3, 000 3,000 6, 000 5, 664 3,760 40, 300 52, 206 48, 848 23, 274 32, 223 45, 875 52,909 1,061 900 1,500 100 1, 210 725 4,858 2,884 45, 461 56, 416 52, 573 34, 132 40,771 46, 775 59, 167 9, 461 9, 844 12, 655 7, 383 9,590 12, 354 24, 619 56, 380 74, 473 70, 356 45, 561 56, 423 63, 365 87, 786 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 6i:: 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950^52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional Staff i (posi¬ tions) Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 1 Men Women 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 > Tennessee— Continued Sparta . . 1 1 3 22 750 659 175 Sweetwater _ 1 1 23 768 690 175 Other cities . . 5 3 6 59 2,011 1,709 176 Texas . 113 15 272 1,067 3,475 117, 907 101, 788 176 Alvin _ _ 1 3 15 65 1, 678 1, 514 178 Benavides _ 1 4 21 55 1, 915 1, 420 175 Bowie... _ _ 1 5 7 38 1,231 1,106 175 Burkbumett _ _ 1 4 7 30 1,180 996 175 Canyon _ 1 3 13 47 1, 180 944 175 Center _ 1 3 11 38 1,614 1,410 178 Clarksville _ 1 3 11 38 1,394 1, 229 175 Comanche _ 1 1 11 29 1,056 957 175 Decatur _ 1 2 8 28 845 760 176 Dublin . 1 2 5 23 762 695 175 Eastland _ 1 5 9 24 827 749 175 Edna. _ _ 1 3 11 45 1, 651 1,307 175 Electra _ _ 1 1 4 12 42 1,224 1,147 175 Floydada _ 1 3 14 28 1, 192 1,062 175 Fort Stockton _ 1 4 12 39 1, 345 1, 116 175 Fredericksburg _ 1 2 9 24 917 834 175 Gatesville _ 1 3 12 39 1,295 1,232 175 Georgetown _ 1 3 9 36 1,282 1,084 175 Gilmer _ _ 1 6 16 43 1, 585 1,405 175 Hamilton 8 _ _ 1 1 6 27 834 750 175 Haskell _ _ _ 1 4 6 28 1,065 852 175 Heame _ 1 2 9 41 1,455 1,277 175 Hereford 8 . . . 1 1 4 20 49 1,749 1,513 173 Jasper . . 1 4 15 31 1,690 1,514 175 Jefferson _ _ 1 4 13 35 1,082 1,050 187 Kaufman _ _ ... 1 1 8 34 1,157 925 176 Kenedy 6 . . 1 4 9 36 1,195 1,006 175 La Grange _ 1 4 16 30 1,234 1,063 175 Lampasas _ 1 3 H 42 1,244 1,131 176 La Porte . . 1 2 10 37 1,479 1, 183 175 Liberty . 2 3 19 42 1, 322 1, 181 177 Llano.. _ _ 1 3 6 25 903 744 175 Luling . 2 1 14 35 1,242 1,065 175 Marfa. . 1 1 9 34 993 798 175 McCamey . . 1 2 9 48 777 617 175 Memphis _ 1 1 10 31 1, 056 913 175 Mineola _ 1 1 10 37 1, 111 1,033 175 Nocona . . 1 3 6 26 804 643 178 Olney . . . . 1 2 10 26 932 828 175 Paducah _ _ 1 ] 6 28 966 777 176 Pearsall . . . 1 2 13 28 1,508 1, 183 175 Pittsburg . 1 5 13 55 1,637 1,536 175 Quanah . . 1 1 H 37 1,306 1, 170 175 Ranger . . . 1 11 29 484 429 175 Refugio . . . 1 3 9 37 1, 215 1,083 175 San Diego . 1 3 14 28 1,051 971 175 San Saba . . 1 2 10 35 1, 209 931 175 Seymour . 1 1 2 14 41 1, 520 1, 187 175 Shamrock . 1 3 11 29 961 825 176 Silsbee _ _ 1 1 3 11 60 2,037 1,852 175 Sinton . . . 1 5 10 45 1,630 1,338 177 Smith ville . 1 4 12 30 1,004 910 175 Taft. . 1 3 9 35 1,064 881 175 Teague . 1 1 10 30 1, 053 928 175 Wellington . 1 1 4 15 32 1, 373 1,038 175 Wharton . 1 5 19 56 1, 907 1, 675 175 Other cities . 55 8 111 440 1,435 48, 485 42, 021 176 footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 129 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Super¬ visors Salaries and wages Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc- Clerks Other » Total in* structional expenditure Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six • major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (ac¬ tual dollars) tional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $3, 190 2, 066 12, 631 $3,500 4,000 10, 927 $50,069 42, 493 133, 871 $947 3,500 2,984 $54, 516 49, 993 147, 782 $12, 033 9, 472 36, 291 $69, 739 61,531 196, 704 1, 365, 502 $53, 138 1, 238, 787 14, 200, 615 $46, 016 561, 500 16, 100, 056 4, 763, 503 22, 229, 061 32, 149 15, 427 20, 000 22,122 12, 310 22, 770 15, 050 14, 785 23, 630 17, 676 8, 765 12, 413 13, 692 13, 742 8, 329 3,890 9, 500 7,200 9, 166 10, 627 12, 015 16, 724 13, 067 9, 792 23, 402 5,035 17, 865 13, 049 10, 744 18, 962 20, 109 11, 942 8, 850 12, 527 11, 766 12, 250 17, 810 13, 153 5,190 26, 012 8, 310 3,890 12, 656 3,395 15, 962 15, 937 9, 660 16, 208 4, 180 16, 116 13, 534 19, 643 7, 379 8,804 10, 308 4,464 9, 362 14,400 13, 624 18, 632 10,900 17, 700 21, 351 10, 659 19, 820 13, 040 9,911 10, 856 10, 792 5, 772 10, 921 5,844 23, 758 10, 482 13, 172 4, 853 10, 302 5, 856 17, 465 11, 539 11, 808 8,244 15, 283 4,862 16, 990 10, 106 11, 662 23,240 11, 288 6, 336 12, 595 4, 954 12, 855 18, 076 24, 074 14, 303 15, 179 7,983 12, 205 3,880 7,702 18, 074 15, 445 11, 855 4, 790 14, 852 15, 923 20, 969 10, 064 16, 942 14, 976 12, 730 12, 112 5, 580 23, 189 3, 455 16, 146 14, 121 22,640 562, 581 23, 213 519, 181 328, 796 1,655 18, 421 185, 382 9,070 18, 766 133, 277 6, 206 120, 676 1, 142 3,204 192, 570 3, 091 16, 142 167, 833 2,885 171, 387 7, 675 137, 979 7,260 107, 265 1, 800 7, 550 95, 533 4, 752 100, 173 3, 088 164, 518 3,837 170, 412 2,000 6, 100 128, 120 3, 386 200, 938 15, 108 112, 572 3, 465 130, 931 4, 313 29, 828 143, 251 1, 980 5, 191 172, 187 3, 221 97, 892 2,748 104, 504 2, 847 176, 854 3, 878 191, 802 11, 745 188, 227 2,100 7, 849 148, 639 2, 404 126, 564 4, 382 112, 694 3, 130 125, 589 6, 215 186, 000 1,500 12, 500 156, 022 8,809 168, 474 7,738 94, 256 3,881 148, 858 2, 659 111,875 2,110 161, 494 7,576 118, 793 7, 163 143, 451 1,863 98, 089 8,600 115, 847 1, 214 4, 465 103, 354 2,605 155, 562 11, 888 204, 974 5,623 152, 498 3,091 101, 799 5, 308 173, 250 1,200 11, 549 118, 267 7, 020 6,744 133, 913 3, 873 168, 723 1,861 7, 322 96, 590 1,000 5, 860 227, 204 4,900 172, 395 6, 564 116, 077 11,090 95, 566 11, 732 127, 554 1,670 4,815 116, 621 3,400 3,606 221, 027 8, 236 5, 975, 517 168, 047 364, 299 235, 340 162, 253 139, 807 229, 479 183, 131 192, 804 149, 129 123, 815 110, 912 119, 985 178, 147 201,412 142, 250 236, 155 124, 887 176, 838 168, 232 206, 610 104, 530 126, 708 190, 392 223, 843 217, 819 159, 847 135, 410 130, 224 150, 436 217, 700 175, 490 189, 252 108, 993 157, 289 119, 829 179, 552 130, 809 151, 170 118, 228 129, 770 110, 821 177, 556 233, 837 161, 925 112, 061 204, 075 146, 334 145, 769 189, 488 118, 895 251, 746 199, 928 144, 109 120, 028 139, 619 143, 228 251, 903 6, 685, 958 133, 580 530,028 106, 600 361, 940 41, 030 215, 593 39, 869 194, 726 66, 567 319, 676 41, 452 233, 348 38, 511 245, 007 63, 423 220, 881 34, 580 167, 895 26, 070 146, 148 24, 987 156, 987 54, 721 245, 935 52,880 277, 694 47, 582 202, 881 71, 861 326, 978 34, 316 171, 145 102, 919 292,284 31, 213 211, 695 53, 662 273, 425 47, 633 160, 473, 44, 634 183, 998 22, 120 228, 449 72, 306 312, 357 61, 511 292,864 13,844 181, 070 45, 365 191, 083 54, 346 193, 932 38, 703 202, 763 43, 315 271, 915 75, 020 271, 861 89, 881 298, 953 32, 989 151, 893 21, 353 189, 434 28, 042 158, 792 80, 625 283, 935 36, 221 180, 202 23, 826 185, 298 28, 426 164, 119 37, 161 178, 739 37, 741 163, 845 39, 745 234, 291 54,035 299, 534 i 49, 419 222, 632 ' 23, 066 147, 722 i 48, 693 265, 623 i 42, 328 212, 736 i 34, 681 195, 629 i 61, 492 263, 185 i 34, 337 171, 306 i 73, 406 337, 007 i 69, 902 285, 753 i 22, 631 176, 804 i 45, 589 180, 593 i 36,400 188, 131 1 41, 376 207, 793 i 78, 849 344, 873 i 2, 006, 669 9, 255, 208 ' 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditures data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrui Staff 1 tio: Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 689 WEST . 236 51 453 2,686 5, 823 240, 233 205, 204 175 690 Arizona . . . 14 3 38 298 534 28, 130 20, 522 170 691 Avondale . . _. . 1 1 9 28 1,433 1,022 167 692 Bisbee . . . 1 5 21 67 2, 174 1, 857 175 693 Chandler . . . . 1 2 21 52 2,743 1, 906 176 694 Clifton _ 1 3 9 26 1,079 946 175 695 Coolidge _ _ _ _ 1 4 69 15 3,292 2, 145 169 696 Eloy . 1 1 2 9 36 2, 651 1,459 160 697 Miami . _ . . 1 4 22 77 2, 807 2, 311 175 698 Safford . . 1 . 1 2 23 32 1,648 1, 317 170 699 Williams. . 1 1 2 11 15 540 509 166 700 Other cities . 5 1 13 104 186 9,763 7,050 170 701 California . 109 24 134 913 1,952 79, 300 71, 032 170 702 Areata . . . . 2 3 34 29 2,061 1,806 174 Auburn: 703 Elementary District _ 1 1 2 9 32 1, 376 1, 012 174 704 High School District 7 _ 8 3 51 23 1,513 1,376 174 705 Beaumont . . . 1 3 10 31 1,086 1, 053 174 Brea: 706 Elementary District . 1 2 7 21 490 482 170 707 High School District—.. 1 2 7 5 204 197 175 Carlsbad: 708 Elementary District _ 1 1 13 18 893 720 170 Cloves: 709 Elementary District . 1 3 11 13 842 754 171 710 High School District _ 1 2 23 15 980 784 170 Colusa: 711 Elementary District 1 1 24 672 535 173 Corcoran: 712 Elementary District . 1 2 3 15 42 2,209 2, 095 170 Covina: 713 Elementary District.... 1 1 15 63 2, 075 1, 660 173 714 High School District.... 1 3 25 28 1,994 1,665 173 715 Davis . 1 1 10 24 965 909 174 Dinuba: 716 Elementary District... . 1 4 4 29 27 1, 577 1, 320 172 717 Emeryville . . . 1 3 9 27 629 605 175 Exeter: 718 Elementary District . 1 1 5 26 1, 056 845 172 Fillmore: 719 Elementary District.. 1 1 1 26 872 820 175 720 High School District _ 4 1 19 15 708 619 175 721 Gilroy . . 2 1 3 23 51 2, 099 1, 743 173 Glendora: 722 Elementary District _ 1 2 7 29 1, 151 946 176 Healdsburg: 723 Elementary District.... 1 1 7 20 660 635 172 724 Hemet _ 1 3 21 49 1, 754 1, 583 173 725 Hillsborough . 1 2 5 19 634 507 178 Hollister: 726 Elementary District . 1 3 2 23 765 708 176 La Verne: 727 Elementary District _ 1 1 4 17 742 709 173 728 High School District _ 1 1 14 6 449 392 176 Livermore: 729 Elementary District- ... 1 3 31 1, 103 1, 071 175 730 High School District . 1 11 6 464 371 175 Los Gatos: 731 Elementary District . 1 3 9 40 1,484 1, 414 172 Manteca: 732 Elementary District . 1 3 g 23 1,202 1, 131 173 733 Needles.. . . 1 2 23 36 1, 364 1, 3161 171 See footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 131 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued CUBBENT EXPENDITUBES IN FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts4 Total six5 major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $2, 314, 283 $244, 148 $2, 200, 446 $30, 291, 132 $391,643 $3, 042, 574 $36, 169,943 $13, 880, 378' $52, 364, 604 689 171, 276 11, 521 182,631 2, 899, 526 25, 672 211, 181 3, 330, 531 946, 767 4, 448, 574 690 3, 597 5,200 128, 450 3,400 7, 055 144, 105 87, 200 234, 902 691 16,224 26, 678 336, 144 1,600 17, 261 381,683 113, 735 511,642 692 13,063 10, 706 270, 636 5,266 18,015 304, 623 89, 322 407, 008 693 12, 817 14,500 121, 408 6,896 142, 804 27, 307 182, 928 694 14’ 728 17, 550 291, 101 38, 214 346, 865 73, 865 435, 458 695 14,700 3, 500 9; 000 Hi; 218 1,500 11, 081 136, 299 46, 353 197, 352 15,686 20, 891 372, 912 4, 594 25, 829 424, 226 119, 996 559, 908 697 12; 996 10,200 191, 404 1, 812 14, 739 218, 155 44, 398 275, 549 698 6, 887 3, 929 5,400 66, 337 1,500 4, 450 81,616 17, 605 106, 108 699 60, 578 4,092 62, 506 1,009, 916 6,000 67,641 1, 150, 155 326, 986 1, 537, 719 700 954, 892 127,900 719,830 11, 354, 445 223,463 1, 652, 139 14, 077, 777 5, 046, 276 20, 078, 945 701 19, 699 12,800 246,668 1,500 25, 815 286, 783 98, 653 405, 135 702 9,206 4,000 7,307 129, 185 3,800 6, 063 150, 355 43,687 203,248 703 27, 896 19, 100 387, 222 6,188 36. 310 448. 820 192, 910 669, 626 704 8, 056 15, 626 142, 763 4,413 15, 281 178, 083 35, 968 222, 107 705 8,000 10, 050 121,600 6,480 15,395 153, 525 51, 530 213,055 706 16, 287 11, 553 58,307 7,000 15,268 92, 128 51,790 160, 205 707 6, 549 5, 652 96, 702 4,558 106, 912 43,863 157, 324 '708 8, 515 14, 999 78, 907 6, 178 100, 084 27, 313 135, 912 709 9,781 9,200 155, 736 9,000 23, 806 197, 742 77,302 284, 825 710 9,404 6,500 55, 431 10, 919 72,850 22, 009 104,263 711 9, 474 10, 365 24,863 219,049 4,705 21, 652 280, 634 110, 533 400,641 712 13, 015 6,000 225, 368 14, 737 246, 105 72, 792 331, 912 713 87, 855 15,800 238, 801 8,000 57,718 320,319 188, 773 596, 947 714 9, 150 5,700 128, 017 4,327 17, 552 155, 596 60, 081 224, 827 715 15,004 20,400 19,400 229, 909 3,000 25, 510 298, 219 93, 594 406, 817 1 716 11, 360 15, 120 149, 304 5, 100 26, 602 196, 126 99, 192 306, 678 717 7,196 4,500 100,772 8,207 113, 479 33,797 154, 472 718 12, 623 5,050 110,548 2,077 6, 695 124, 370 42, 586 179, 579 1 719 17,968 5, 850 144, 000 6,100 25,666 181,616 94, 345 293, 929 720 9, 866 7,000 20,900 380, 291 8,800 3, 050 420, 041 1 84, 362 514, 269 j721 10,869 8,700 125, 671 2,226 11, 687 148, 284 42,788 201, 941 722 2,420 6,200 83, 100 3,560 92, 860 22, 675 117, 955' 723 14, 383 14,700 305, 427 26, 764 346, 891 129, 524 490, 798 724 16, 806 9,000 91, 490 5,084 9,566 37, 597 169, 543 725 7,954 15, 490 90, 099 4,424 6,226 115, 140 j 116, 239 34,347 158,540 I 726 9, 961 4,680 90, 612 1,689 10, 138 107, 119 41, 159 158, 239 1 727 9,463 6,200 84, 253 6, 366 12, 329 109, 148 60, 104 178, 715 |728 22, 085 114, 186 1, 910 9, 138 125, 234 38,704 186, 023 729 6, 127 80, 715 8,319 89, 034 38,168 133,329 730 5,051 13, 150 186, 678 4,072 16, 454 220,354 43, 478 268,883 731 8,036 15,000 115, 226 4, 050 12, 085 146, 361 36, 498 190, 895 732 24,513 13,500 221, 505 9,000 32, 143 276, 148 1 91, 650 392, 311 733 734 735 736 737 738 730 740 711 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instrrn Staff i tio: Men 3tional (posi- os) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 California— Continued Nevada City . . . 2 18 15 839 775 170 Oakdale: Elementary District _ 2 1 1 6 38 1, 631 1,335 173 Paradise _ _ 1 1 31 1, 037 901 170 Paso Robles-- . 2 19 37 1,703 1, 557 175 Placer ville: Elementary District _ 1 23 801 743 170 Red Bluff: Elementary District . 1 2 30 921 906 170 High School District _ 1 1 17 10 639 561 170 Reedley Elementary District _ 1 3 10 24 1, 027 910 170 High School District 7 _ 1 1 1 37 21 1, 184 1, 016 174 Rialto: Elementary District _ 1 3 19 707 668 173 Sausalito . . 1 1 3 5 52 1, 573 1, 460 176 Taft: Elementary District _ 2 3 6 15 72 2,127 2, 081 174 High School District 7 _ 5 2 42 25 1, 070 976 173 Willows.. _ _ _ 1 24 839 793 171 Woodlake: Elementary District . 1 2 15 25 1, 183 1, 070 170 Other cities . . 47 10 46 296 667 25, 946 23, 497 170 Colorado . . . 15 38 173 430 15, 088 13, 673 177 Brighton . . . . . 1 3 18 59 1, 991 1, 691 172 Florence . . 1 4 12 21 876 802 174 Las Animas .. 1 4 20 30 1, 077 862 180 Lead ville _ 1 1 10 20 857 812 180 Monte Vista . . 1 3 10 38 1, 070 1, 050 178 Montrose . . . . . 1 3 5 37 1, 148 1, 071 180 Rocky Ford _ _ 2 3 18 45 1, 500 1, 440 173 Salida- . 3 16 19 915 867 180 Other cities . . 6 14 64 161 5,654 5, 078 177 Idaho. . . 12 4 44 133 388 16, 547 14, 205 174 Jerome . . . 1 1 5 3 38 1, 905 1, 724 171 Kellogg . . . 1 6 11 42 1, 468 1, 322 173 Montpelier. . . . 1 3 8 18 850 766 173 Payette. . . . . . . 1 1 2 17 31 1, 388 1,110 174 Rexburg _ 1 8 24 35 1, 916 1, 532 175 Wallace _ _ 1 1 2 4 28 816 758 172 Weiser . . 1 1 1 13 38 1, 477 1, 269 177 Other cities... . 5 18 53 158 6, 727 5, 724 174 Montana.. . 12 5 19 94 232 9, 185 7,704 179 Cut Bank. . . . . 1 4 13 20 989 693 180 Deer Lodge _ 1 6 16 653 543 183 Dillon: Elementary District _ 1 1 3 22 532 478 181 High School District _ 1 1 7 5 266 242 181 Glasgow _ _ 1 15 35 1, 253 1, 003 180 Laurel. _ _ _ 1 2 4 8 26 1, 236 1, 018 180 Roundup . 1 1 8 18 646 563 180 Red Lodge.. . . 1 1 3 10 281 262 180 Shelby.... . . . 1 1 3 8 17 665 581 180 Whitefish.. . . 1 2 1 11 30 1, 185 1, 094 170 Other cities . 2 2 12 33 1, 479 1, 227 179 i footnotes at end of group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 133 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Total six * major cur¬ rent ac¬ counts (in thousands) Salaries and Wages Other » Total in¬ structional expenditures Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 $1,313 $10, 199 $130, 748 $2,000 $12, 483 $155, 430 $69,831 $226, 574 7, 719 $4,500 4,800 153, 891 2, 65 10, 233 176, 074 64, 193 247, 986 13, 572 5, 000 115, 187 5, 428 125, 615 51, 986 191, 173 10, 454 11,400 254, 554 4,000 18, 630 288,584 81, 613 380, 651 8, 935 84,931 9,177 94, 108 30, 475 133, 518 13, 130 9,300 104, 858 7, 171 121, 329 30, 143 164, 602 6,886 5, 400 125, 725 4,000 18, 694 153, 819 68,708 229, 413 9, 764 14, 100 116' 182 9, 270 139, 552 36, 836 186, 152 21, 741 6,200 6,600 289; 179 10,000 32, 177 344, 156 170,977 536, 874 5, 524 5,000 77, 237 3,000 6,009 91, 246 34, 159 130, 929 14, 354 5,000 13,000 208, 991 4, 670 14, 210 245, 871 87,836 348, 061 18,906 24,600 36,000 386, 181 2,500 427, 575 876, 856 266, 806 1, 162, 568 36, 665 12, 000 365, 809 16,000 71, 773 465, 582 214,844 717, 091 4, 650 98, 134 8, 454 106, 588 45, 662 156,900 1, 214 11,000 100, 670 5,333 117, 003 18, 465 136, 682 325, 493 45, 835 233, 441 3, 754, 626 55, 332 470, 131 4, 559, 365 1,631,970 6, 516, 828 132, 127 154, 498 1,727,330 15,428 96, 138 1, 993, 394 743, 063 2, 868, 584 8, 797 11,846 220, 394 8,579 16,700 257, 519 133, 281 399, 597 10. 039 13, 847 71, 707 6, 234 91, 788 28, 791 130, 618 11,290 15, 275 150, 783 1,500 8, 020 175, 578 54,690 241, 558 9, 508 — 4,000 98, 163 5,536 107, 699 35, 475 152, 682 11, 077 12, 469 138, 545 2,600 4, 947 158, 561 63, 449 233, 087 8, 474 11,519 122, 883 1,349 5,432 141, 183 49,150 198, 807 14, 836 14, 300 164, 806 1,400 7, 918! 188, 424 68, 558 271, 818 7, 690 14, 129 110, 332 7, 995' 132, 456 32, 510 172, 656 50, 416 . . 57, 113 649, 717 33, 356 740, 186 277, 159 1, 067, 761 115, 356 15, 350 160, 535 1, 505, 633 7, 159 96, 146 1, 784, 823 669,018 2, 569, 197 10, 695 3,800 19, 890 155, 966 11, 022 190, 678 86, 175 287, 548 9,417 18, 988 165, 795 1, 553 13, 822 200,158 92, 907 302, 482 7, 756 11,250 70, 240 4, 402 85, 892 31, 028 124, 676 8,341 5, 167 10,400 134, 120 2,041 3,229 154, 957 42, 741 206, 039 8,412 23, 260 132, 172 1, 015 9, 202 165, 649 29, 647 203, 708 11, 268 3, 191 8,400 96, 068 8, 526 116, 185 39, 370 166, 823 11, 769 3, 192 3,930 137, 269 1,050 9,691 155, 132 76, 348 243, 249 47, 698 64, 417 614,003 1,500 36, 252 716, 172 270, 802 1, 034, 672 105, 738 22, 118 99, 897 1, 169, 261 12, 767 95, 519 1, 399, 562 556, 986 2, 062, 286 5,900 20,663 147,500 5,000 13, 400 186, 563 70,000 262, 463 8,071 70, 192 6, 664 75, 856 38, 324 122, 251 11, 082 5,275 57, 676 5,109 68,060 23, 979 103, 121 8, 628 6,000 38, 156 7,916 52, 072 35, 618 96, 318 14, 562 5, 824 171, 598 1,577 10, 914 189, 913 87, 556 292, 031 1, 421 7,500 19, 207 141, 510 2,400 11, 325 181, 942 46, 969 230, 332 9, 826 4, 010 82,200 4,734 90,944 39, 338 140, 108 6,966 6,830 44,638 4, 520 55, 988 26, 381 89,335 10, 197 4, 300 15, 550 89, 120 11, 386 120, 356 51,344 181, 897 11, 638 10, 318 5, 400 137, 372 1,800 6, 742 161, 632 48, 422 221, 692 17, 447 11, 138 189, 299 1,990 13, 809 216, 236 89, 055 322, 738 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 74-4 747 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 » 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru Staff i tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nevada - 7 3 7 41 134 5, 131 4, 369 179 1 2 9 34 1, 114 927 182 2 2 9 22 980 801 178 Ely: 1 3 17 586 548 181 FfiVh Snhnnl District 1 1 11 10 478 451 181 Henderson... . . 1 3 1 6 36 1, 524 1, 244 175 Winnemucca - - 1 3 15 449 398 181 New Mexico.. . 7 3 17 123 260 10, 846 8, 832 178 Belen . . . . . . 1 1 3 30 57 2, 242 1,956 176 Clayton _ _ 1 3 14 37 1,267 1, 240 180 Farmington . . 1 1 2 27 39 2, 133 1, 631 180 Lordsburg _ 1 2 9 30 1, 024 837 180 Lovington _ 1 3 16 40 1, 974 1, 401 172 Socorro _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 2 12 28 894 854 179 Truth or Consequences . 1 2 15 29 1,312 913 180 Oregon . 17 3 49 266 563 20, 571 17, 176 178 Burns: Elementary District _ 1 4 19 529 483 175 High School District 1 1 10 4 250 232 176 Coquille . . . 1 4 11 39 1,150 1, 070 185 Cottage Grove: Elementary District _ 1 2 5 34 1, 197 971 178 High School District _ 1 1 14 13 592 514 180 Dallas . . . . 1 4 20 39 1, 444 1, 220 172 Hood River . . . 1 1 4 8 27 963 737 178 Newberg _ _ _ 1 3 20 38 1,395 1, 170 180 Ontario . . . . 1 1 4 22 63 2, 075 1,700 180 Oswego _ _ 1 2 29 29 1, 062 862 171 Seaside: Elementary District _ 1 1 3 20 723 578 180 High School District _ 1 9 6 272 227 179 Silverton _ 1 3 13 29 1, 032 892 183 Tillamook . 1 4 21 49 1,902 1, 574 179 Other cities - - - 5 1 14 77 164 5,985 4,946 178 Washington . . . 31 6 82 483 886 40, 299 35,031 178 Camas _ _ 1 3 18 33 1, 569 1, 372 177 Colfax _ _ 1 3 16 25 786 766 180 Dayton _ _ _ _ 1 2 10 18 737 676 180 Enumclaw _ 2 6 26 52 2,388 2,114 180 Ephrata _ 1 2 15 31 1,258 1, 136 180 Grand Coulee . . . 1 2 9 20 653 613 180 Kent . . . . 2 3 5 34 52 3, 054 2, 550 179 Kirkland.. . . . 2 8 36 88 4, 476 3, 655 180 Omak _ _ _ 1 4 15 33 1,304 1, 075 176 Raymond _ _ 1 2 13 23 1, 033 939 180 Sedro Woolley.. . 2 4 33 50 2, 339 2,097 180 Snohomish... _ _ 1 3 29 41 1,875 1,800 180 Other cities _ _ _ 15 3 38 229 420 18, 827 16, 238 178 See footnotes at end of Group V of this table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 135 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Total six 3 major current accounts (actual dollars) Adminis¬ tration Instruction Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts 4 Salaries and Wages Other 3 Total in¬ structional expenditure Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staS Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $58, 467 $11, 100 $37, 950 $601, 981 $6,600 $66, 337 $723, 968 $227. 935 $1, 010, 370 781 12, 121 12, 750 153, 000 2,000 16,382 184, 132 39, 257 235, 510 782 15, 076 8, 000 101, 931 9, 368 119, 299 37, 892 172, 267 783 8 131 4,200 61, 782 9,240 75, 222 22,635 105, 988 784 9 204 6', 500 87’ 158 13, 141 106, 799 78, 564 194, 567 785 9, 473 11, 100 6; 500 142, 666 4,600 14, 735 179, 601 38, 532 227, 606 786 4, 462 55, 444 3, 471 58, 915 11, 055 74, 432 787 87, 794 13, 980 90,941 1, 376, 272 19, 776 51, 886 1, 552, 855 437, 738 2, 078, 387 788 17, 943 4, 965 18, 500 321, 250 4,800 5, 864 355, 379 81, 603 454, 925 789 6,900 14, 360 172, 000 4,200 7,200 197, 760 96, 580 301, 240 790 14, 540 4, 515 10, 800 231,008 876 10, 996 258, 195 59, 544 332, 279 791 13, 444 9, 650 146, 310 7, 459 163, 419 29, 847 206, 710 792 11, 027 17, 291 206, 103 7,666 7, 316 237, 710 117, 872 366, 609 793 11, 210 4,500 10, 340 143, 380 6, 058 164, 278 26, 227 201,715 794 12, 730 10, 000 156, 221 2,666 6, 993 176, 114 26, 065 214, 909 795 202, 980 11, 683 220, 949 2, 623, 043 32, 173 190, 799 3,078,647 1, 256, 732 4, 538, 359 796 1,583 5, 300 80, 913 1,500 4, 993 92, 706 40,025 134, 314 797 6,355 5, 325 68,441 1,934 11. 229 86, 929 22, 866 116, 150 798 11, 960 19, 242 168, 328 2,740 10, 000 200,310 44, 678 256, 948 799 10,068 8,860 131, 768 1, 100 6, 952 148, 680 36,281 195,029 800 12, 775 6,312 107, 021 1, 455 9, 607 124, 395 56, 827 193, 997 801 12, 315 19, 043 206, 917 1,270 9, 351 236, 581 74,250 323, 146 802 12,390 4,666 18, 000 129, 280 3, 463 10, 206 164, 949 79, 770 257, 109 803 6, 342 7,900 97, 247 2,867 4,146 112,160 55, 504 174, 006 804 16, 976 4,200 20,983 227, 613 1,081 12, 855 266, 732 96, 196 379, 904 805 13, 361 8, 100 82, 743 2,131 16, 505 109, 479 66, 406 189, 246 806 7,797 4, 200 72, 136 5,250 81, 586 51, 656 141, 039 807 2, 007 5, 500 59, 965 1,800 6, 229 73, 494 32, 098 107, 599 808 13, 680 12. 572 160, 000 3,267 7, 782 183, 621 38, 772 236, 073 809 15, 095 16, 327 264, 345 3, 565 24, 853 309, 090 197, 700 521, 885 ,810 60, 276 3, 483 63, 285 766, 326 4,000 50, 841 887, 935 363, 703 1, 311,914 811 333,124 30, 486 418, 903 5, 071, 343 40, 019 385, 786 5,946, 537 2, 918, 548 9, 198, 209 812 12,200 15,500 186, 416 4,117 6, 471 212, 504 91,563 316, 267 813 12,288 14, 670 142, 385 11, 733 168, 788 93, 196 274, 272 814 10, 287 8,800 107, 480 13, 984 130, 264 62, 522 203, 073 815 18, 657 29, 244 310,089 6, 165 20, 259 365, 757 188, 870 573, 284 816 14, 035 9, 400 158, 578 12, 448 180, 426 101, 407 295, 868 817 8,326 9,550 102, 929 2,322 9, 016 123, 817 59, 814 191, 957 818 25, 452 15, 930 29, 900 340, 468 3, 936 13, 556 403, 790 206, 516 635, 758 819 23, 496 39. 210 516, 577 10, 174 37, 310 603, 271 293, 692 920, 459 820 10, 868 18, 300 167, 998 14, 954 201, 252 75,803 287, 923 821 10, 842 8,800 124, 270 15, 768 148, 838 85, 860 245, 540 822 16, 015 21, 330 289, 819 5, 305 27, 1.53 343, 607 180,711 540, 333 823 12, 629 20, 750 247, 863 3, 619 19, 316 291, 548 120, 392 424, 569 824 158. 029 14, 556 193, 449 2, 376, 471 4, 381 183, 818 2, 772, 675 1,358, 202 4, 288, 906 j 825 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data for GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2.500 TO City, by Region and State Num¬ ber of super¬ intend¬ ents, deputy, and as¬ sistant super¬ intend¬ ents Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instru Staff i tio Men ctional (posi- ns) Women Enroll¬ ment (boys and girls) Average daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of days schools were taught * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 Wyoming . 12 25 162 444 15, 136 12, 660 175 Cody _ 1 8 11 47 1, 514 1, 211 176 Douglas _ 1 2 13 44 946 790 169 Green River _ 1 2 7 24 1,022 833 176 Lander _ 1 1 13 26 1, 024 875 173 Lovell _ 1 2 11 25 962 897 174 Newcastle _ 1 2 12 37 946 863 174 Powell _ 1 3 20 49 1, 673 1. 415 179 Riverton _ 2 20 34 1, 400 1, 178 180 Thermopolis _ 2 13 29 1,074 806 173 Worland _ 1 8 32 1, 194 996 173 Other cities . . . 3 6 34 97 3, 381 2, 796 175 i Includes teachers and other persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided that half or more than half of their employment time is engaged in such instruction work. * The actual number of days in the school year that children were provided instruction. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 137 public-school systems in cities by region and States: 1951-52 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current Expenditures in Full-Time Day Schools Instruction Adminis¬ tration Super¬ visors Salaries and Wages Princi¬ pals Teachers and other instruc- Clerks Other * Total in¬ structional expenditure Four ma¬ jor ac¬ counts * Total six 5 major current accounts (actual dollars) tional staff 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $152, 529 $114, 312 $1, 962, 298 $8, 586 $196, 643 $2, 281, 839 $1, 077, 315 $3, 511, 683 13, 622 5, 569 8, 044 15,883 10, 000 12, 675 23, 153 16, 855 1,609 10, 276 34, 843 14, 243 7, 258 11, 650 7, 520 7, 550 7, 273 15, 167 8, 749 9,792 25, 110 210, 644 112, 113 92, 489 164, 960 113, 000 138, 717 277, 650 167, 238 104, 112 139. 594 441, 781 2,586 27566 4,000 14, 526 17, 266 15,070 20,148 13,400 11, 307 21,766 21,912 8, 945 12. 440 39,863 241, 999 136, 637 121, 209 192, 628 133, 950 157, 297 314, 583 201, 899 122, 849 152, 034 506, 754 96,933 80, 780 44, 457 71,216 66, 260 116, 304 122, 319 67, 017 98, 512 74, 349 239, 168 352, 554 222, 986 173, 710 279, 727 210, 210 286, 276 460, 055 285, 771 222, 970 236. 659 780, 765 * Includes expenditures for instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians not engaged in teaching. In systems where text¬ books or supplies are rented or sold to pupils at cost the expenditures for any textbooks furnished to pupils gratis is classified as an auxiliary school service item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes total of expenditures reported for the four major current accounts of: (1) Operation of school plant, (2) maintenance of school plant, (3) auxiliary school services, and (4) fixed charges. * Grand total of amounts shown in columns 10, 16, and 17, are totals of the six current major accounts. * 1949-50 data used. 7 Includes junior college data. O Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950—52 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1950-52: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1951-52 Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52 Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems. 1951-52 Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty , Students , and Degrees , 1951-52 Section 11. Receipts , Expenditures , and Property , 1951-52 Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools. 1951-52 Chapter 6. Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52 Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52 Chapter 4 Section I Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees 1951-52 Henry G. Badger prepared the text , under the general direction of Emery M. Foster Mabel C. Rice supervised the preparation of the basic State and National tables , under the general direction of William A. Jaracz U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Oveta Culp Hobby .... Secretary Office of Education Samuel Miller Brownell, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 35 cents Foreword THE FIRST REPORT by the Office of Education on the statistics of higher education was made for the academic year 1869-70. Published annually through 1916, and since 1918 as part of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, this series has continued virtually unbroken. The present report is the sixty -fourth of its type. In preparing these reports, an attempt is made to fulfill three functions: (1) To present statistical facts for the academic years under review in a reliable and historically continuous manner; (2) to present a body of historical statistics sufficient to assist in understanding the present situa¬ tion; and (3) to analyze the data (both current and historical) in such a way as to facilitate an openminded understanding and appraisal of the facts. With the growth and development of the Nation, the role of our institutions of higher education has become progressively more varied and significant. In the present circumstances of cold war and inter¬ national instability, higher education is one of the bulwarks of national survival. This is true through the role of higher education not only as a source of trained manpower, but also as an agent of research and as a citadel of the intellectual resources of the Nation. These facts lend added interest to the present Biennial Survey chapter. To the registrars of the more than 1,800 institutions who supplied the data on which this chapter is based, the Office of Education wishes to express its deep appreciation. Acknowledgment is also made to Margaret J. S. Carr, who edited the original data; to George Lind, Leah Ramsey, Hazel Poole, Rowland Price, and Mable Thomas, of the Office of Educa¬ tion, who assisted in various stages of the statistical work; and to Theodore E. Thompson, Mary R. Cox, Ada Boehly, and Lillian Robinson, of the Machine Tabulation Section of the Department staff. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief , Research and Statistical Standards Section. Ward Stewart, Assistant Commissioner for Program Development and Coordination. in Contents TEXT Page FOREWORD . hi THE BIENNIUM IN REVIEW . 1 COLLECTION OF THE DATA . 1 NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INSTITUTIONS . 2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1870 TO DATE . 5 Population and Student Enrollment . 6 Changing Patterns in Higher Educational Organization . 7 Growth of Large Institutions . 8 Persistence of Small Institutions . 8 Education in the Outlying Parts of the United States . 10 Institutions for the Higher Education of Negroes . 11 FACULTY . 13 Faculty, by Control of Institution . 13 Faculty , by Sex . 13 Faculty , by Type of Institution . 13 STUDENTS . 15 General Trends . 15 Enrollment , by Sex . 16 Enrollment , by Control and Level of Institution . 18 Regional Distribution of Enrollments . 19 Enrollment , Fall Term , 1951 . 22 First-Time Students . 23 High-School Students Going on to College . 26 Special Students . 27 Veterans of World War II . 28 Other Types of Enrollment . 30 Other Factors Related to Higher Education Enrollment . 34 DEGREES . 34 Historical Trends . 34 The 1951-52 Situation . 35 Analysis , by Major Field of Study . 36 EDUCATION OF THE ADULT POPULATION . 42 Text tables A. Number of institutions of higher education in continental United States and outlying parts, by type, control, region, and State: 1951-52 . 3 v VI CONTENTS Page B. Population and resident student enrollment in higher educa¬ tion, continental United States: 1869-70 to 1951-52.... 6 C. Junior colleges and their enrollment, continental United States: 1917-18 to 1951-52 . 7 D. Higher educational institutions in continental United States, by number of resident college students, and by control, race, and level or curricular offering: Fall of 1951 . 9 E. Enrollment in institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control, race, and level or curricular offer¬ ing: Fall of 1951 . 9 F. Faculty, students, and earned degrees conferred, institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States: 1919-20 to 1951-52 . 10 G. Faculty, students, and earned degrees conferred, institutions for the higher education of Negroes, continental United States: 1951-52 . 12 H. Faculty members, institutions of higher education in con¬ tinental United States, by control and type of institution and by sex of person: 1951-52 . 14 I. Resident instructional staff in institutions of higher education, continental United States: 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 15 J. Resident instructional staff in noncollegiate work, institutions of higher education, continental United States, by control and type of institution: 1951-52 . 15 K. Resident college students, institutions of higher education in continental United States: 1929-30 to 1951-52 . 16 L. Resident college students, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control and type of institution, by sex of student, and by period of enrollment: 1951-52 .... 17 M. Resident college students, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control of institution, sex of student, and level of work for which enrolled: 1929-30, 1939-40, 1949-50, and 1951-52 . 20 N. Resident college students, regular session, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by region and State: 1929-30, 1939-40, 1949-50, and 1951-52 . 21 O. Resident college enrollment, regular session, and fall term, institutions of higher education in continental United States: 1931-32 to 1951-52 . 23 P. Resident college enrollment, undergraduate enrollment, and first-time students, institutions of higher education in continental United States: 1931-32 to 1951-52 . 24 CONTENTS vn Page Q. Graduates of high schools and first-time college students, institutions of higher education in continental United States: 1931 to 1951 . 26 R. Special students in arts and sciences and professional schools, institutions of higher education: 1951-52 and 1949-50 . 27 S. Resident college enrollment in non-Federal institutions of higher education, by veteran status and by location of insti¬ tution, in relation to total population: 1951 . 29 T. Student enrollment in institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control and type of institution and by type of registration: 1951-52 . 31 U. Historical summary of earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education in continental United States, by level of degree: 1869-70 to 1951-52 . 37 V. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of recipient, year of conferral, level of degree, and region: 1929-30, 1939-40, and 1949-50 to 1951-52 . 38 W. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education in continental United States and outlying parts, by level of degree, sex of recipient, and field of study: 1951-52 . 40 X. College work completed by persons 25 years of age and over, by region and State: 1950 and 1940 . 43 National summary tables 1. Historical summary of higher education, 1869-70 to 1951-52 . . 44 2. Faculty, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education: 1951-52 and 1949-50 . 46 State summary tables 3. Faculty, students, and degrees, institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1951-52 — A. All institutions . 48 B. Universities . 50 C. Liberal arts colleges . 52 D. Teachers colleges . 54 E. Junior colleges . 56 4. Summary of faculty, students, and degrees, institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1951-52 — A. Publicly controlled institutions . 58 B. Privately controlled institutions . 60 VIII CONTENTS Page 5. Faculty, by type of position and by sex, institutions of higher education: 1951-52 . A. All institutions . 62 B. Universitites . 64 C. Liberal arts colleges . 66 D. Teachers colleges . 68 E. Junior colleges . 70 6. Students, by classification and sex, institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1951-52 — A. All institutions . 72 B. Universities . 76 C. Liberal arts colleges . 80 D. Teachers colleges . 84 E. Junior colleges . 88 7. Students in arts and sciences and in professional schools, by level of training, by sex, by region and by State: 1951-52 .... 92 Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1951-52 THE BIENNIUM IN REVIEW The academic year 1951-52 was a year of readjustment in higher education, occasioned for the most part by decreases in enrollment, in faculty, and in the number of degrees conferred. Resident students of college grade decreased in number from some¬ what more than 2,650,000 in 1949-50 to just over 2,300,000 in 1951-52. This decrease amounted to a little over 13 percent. It is the first decrease in enrollment since 1943-44. The total number of faculty members also decreased for the first time since 1943-44. This decrease was slight: not quite 1 percent. The total number of earned degrees conferred decreased, the entire force of this decrease falling at the level of the bachelor’s degree. Con¬ ferrals of both the master’s and the doctorate increased somewhat, the increase for the former being about 9 percent and that for the latter nearly 16 percent. These increases, however, were not enough to offset the decrease of 24 percent in the number of baccalaureates conferred. COLLECTION OF THE DATA The data here summarized were drawn largely from responses to a questionnaire sent out in the summer of 1952 to all institutions of higher education listed in the 1951-52 directory of higher education. This questionnaire is reproduced on pages 100 and 101. Other published data drawn on in preparing the present chapter include the following: 1951 Fall Enrollment in Higher Educational Institutions, by Robert C. Story (Circular No. 328). Earned Degrees Conferred by Higher Educational Institutions 1950-51, by Robert C. Story (Circular No. 333). Earned Degrees Conferred by Higher Educational Institutions 1951-52, by Robert C. Story (Circular No. 360). Student-body Size in Institutions of Higher Education: 1951, by Henry G. Badger (Circular No. 361). The directory of higher education just referred to is an annual publi¬ cation of this office. The 1951-52 edition,1 which was compiled in the summer of 1951, listed a total of 1,859 universities, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools of various types. Of this number, 5 were located in the outlying parts of the United States (Alaska, Canal Zone, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) and 1,854 were in what is commonly referred to as 1 Education Directory 1951-52, Part 3: Higher Education. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1952. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 continental United States (the 48 States and the District of Columbia). During the academic year 1951-52 15 of these 1,854 institutions were merged with others for reporting purposes, 4 were closed, and 3 were dropped from the list for other reasons. Thus there were at the end of the year some 1,832 institutions located in continental United States. Data on these institutions form the basis for the bulk of this report; data on the 5 institutions in the outlying parts are specifically marked wherever they occur. NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INSTITUTIONS Of the 1,832 institutions here surveyed, 641, or 35 percent, are under the control of a governmental jurisdiction (State, local, or Federal). The remaining 1,191, or 65 percent, are under varying degrees of control by, or affiliation with, ecclesiastical, philanthropic, or other private organizations of one type or another (table A). From a curricular standpoint, more than two-thirds of the institutions are of the general liberal arts, cultural, or preprofessional type. Liberal arts degree-granting colleges number 688, or 37.6 percent of the total, and junior colleges 2 number 506, or 27.6 percent. Institutions of the comprehensive university type number 129, or 7 percent; teachers colleges number 205 (11.2 percent). The remaining 304 (16.6 percent) are separately organized professional schools of various types, the largest single group being schools of theology (118, or 6.4 percent), with 51 technological schools (2.8 percent) and 135 schools of law, music, medicine, oratory, and other subjects completing the array. The separately organized characteristics of these institutions should be kept in mind: Many schools devoted to these and other fields are main¬ tained as parts of comprehensive universities and are thus not counted separately in the present compilation. As might be expected, the number of institutions varies widely from State to State. Four States have 100 or more institutions each. New York reporting 129 and California 125. At the other end of the scale are Nevada with 1 institution, Wyoming with 2, and 6 other States with fewer than 10 each. Twenty other States and the District of Columbia report from 10 to 40 institutions each. State universities are found in all States except two where State con¬ tributions and support are accorded to institutions discharging State university functions but operating under private control. Separately organized junior colleges are found in all States except Nevada and Louisiana. In this latter-named State a junior college is operated as a part of the State university. Thus there is but one State (Nevada) in which no junior college exists * Including community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting Institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. Table A. — Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, region, and State: 1951-52 HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 3 Junior colleges i Privately controlled 3 Id N 1 iO lOWCOHN^fOHN CO *d< ci co ci ci o »-H i< COCO Cd 104 io cm i-h cd oo cd » Publicly controlled ** e» N r cd cd ■' CO CM rH i 102 a a oooon ! Other professional schools Privately controlled fid CD N i ^ idO^f'C IO 18 1 1 rt< Tf iO i i ( i i 05 cd CO CM - I - o 00 Publicly controlled id GO 1 r» Cl cd rH HHHCdH ! CM iO CM IO i-i CM IO i-l IO Universities Privately controlled h# ed CD 1 *© CM rH ! CO H d 05 CO H IO Tt< Cl ^ CdiH 1 1 1 CM CO es Publicly controlled e* CD 1 CD I o a HNNOMHHHHfflHH 05 hhhhhnh Total all insti¬ tutions N N cd GO 432 559 8 iO CO Cd io 00 1-i 05 O CM CM HiOCdd Region and State rH Continental United States _ _ - Northeast... . . fJonnentinut Maine . . Massachusetts _ _ _ New Hampshire . . New Jersey . . . New York _ _ Rhode Island _ Vermont North Central . . Illinois . . . Indiana . . . . Kansas ... Michigan . . . Minnesota Missouri. . . . ... Nebraska _ _ _ North Dakota . . omo.. _ _ South Dakota Wisconsin . . . . South . Alabama If | \< a II 1C i H H W i i i i i i || i j 10 Teachers colleges Privately controlled OO || ■'$' i Publicly controlled CO CDiO t-N CO ed | JO 2 3 4 5 I. Continental United States: Arts and science _ _ _ . . . 74, 051 375 59 14, 455 54 2,589 10, 214 8 484 464 11 200 11, 153 56, 966 73 77 3,731 119 7,122 125 231 63 146 1, 942 75 7,055 131,017 448 136 18, 186 173 9,711 10,339 239 547 610 1,953 275 18,208 142, 996 1,400 113 14, 742 50 11, 029 7, 893 355 773 837 2,770 247 20, 411 Agriculture.— _ — . . . — _ . . . _ Architecture _ _ _ _ _ . Commerce _ — . — - - _ . _ Dentistry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Education _ _ .. . . . . . . .. .. _ Engineering. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Home economics _ _ _ _ _ Law _ _ _ _ . . _ — - Medicine.. .. .. _ ... . Nursing _ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Pharmacy _ _ _ _ — _ _ — _ Other _ _ _ _ - -- --- -_ - - _ Total _ .- _ _ _ -. -.- 114, 117 138 77, 725 11 191, 842 149 203, 616 59 Less duplicate enrollments _ _ - - .. _ - Total, excluding duplicates. _ _ _ II. Outlying parts of the United States: Arts and sciences. . 113,979 77, 714 191, 693 203, 557 46 59 105 1,169 9 44 2 10 84 Commerce _ _ . . _ ... Education _ .. -------- _ _ _ Engineering.. . . . . _ _ _ _ _ Nursing. . . . . . . ... .. _ Other . . . Total .. 46 59 105 1, 318 9 Less duplicate enrollments _ _ _ Total, excluding duplicates . . . . . 46 59 105 1,309 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Veterans of World War II The fall of 1951 saw a total of 386,825 veterans of World War II enrolled as students in institutions of higher education (table S). These consti¬ tuted 18.4 percent of the total enrollment of 2,101,962 reported at that time. The veteran enrollment of 386,825 represents a decrease of 466,182, or 54.7 percent, from the 853,007 reported for the fall of 1949 and a de¬ crease of 735,913, or 65.5 percent, from the peak enrollment of veterans reported in the fall of 1947. The rapid falling off for 1951 was anticipated by the terms of the Federal act setting up provisions for the higher educa¬ tion of veterans. It therefore did not surprise college and university authorities over the Nation. The effect of this legislation on the cultural and professional life of the Nation can never be measured completely and finally. It can be guessed at from the fact that during the 4 biennial years for which this office col¬ lected data (1945-46 and the fall each of 1947, 1949, and 1951) more than 2,660,000 college years were facilitated through Federal subvention. When it is recalled that these figures cover only every other year, it would seem reasonable to conclude that no fewer than 5 million college-man-years were federally subvened. This would be the equivalent of a 4-year college course for 1,250,000 persons, although it probably reached a greater number of persons for a shorter average period than that. The total enrollment of resident students in higher education in conti¬ nental United States in the fall of 1951 was 2,101,962. Of this number 8,065 were enrolled in the service 7 academies conducted by the Federal Government. This leaves 2,093,897 in the non-Federal institutions, the equivalent of 136.5 persons per 10,000 of total population. Of this num¬ ber, 25.2 were veterans and 111.3 were nonveterans. This 111.3 is the highest proportion reported in the three biennial reports which included this topic and is but little below the 113 per 10,000 of total population reported for all higher education for the school year 1939-40. Thus it appears that in spite of the decrease in total enrollment from the fall of 1949 to that of 1951, this later year saw almost as large a proportion of nonveteran students to total population as had theretofore been recorded. Among the States (excluding the District of Columbia) the range in nonveteran enrollment per 10,000 of population was from Utah (198.7), Vermont (174.1), Colorado (161.2), New York (156.8), and Massachusetts (152.7) to Mississippi (68.1), Arkansas (67.5), New Jersey (62.1), and Nevada (57.1). Nebraska (111) and Rhode Island (110.9) were nearest the national average of 111.3. Nonveterans exceeded veterans in all the States and the District of Columbia. In New Hampshire and Vermont there were at least 10 times as many nonveterans. In Virginia the proportion of nonveterans to vet¬ erans was 8 to 1. It was at least 6 or 7 to 1 in Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Nebraska, and the Carolinas. 7 U. S. Coast Guard Academy, U. S. Maritime Academy, U. S. Military Academy, U. S. Naval Academy, and U. S. Navy Postgraduate School. HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 29 Table S. — Resident college enrollment in non-Federal institutions of higher education , by veteran status and by location of institution, in relation to total population: 1951 Region and State 1 Continental United States _ _ Northeast . . . . . Connecticut . . . Maine . . . . Massachusetts . New Hampshire . . New Jersey . New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island.. . — Vermont . . . North Central _ Illinois . . . — . Indiana . . Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas _ _ _ _ Michigan . . . Minnesota _ Missouri _ _ Nebraska _ North Dakota . . Ohio _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ _ South . •_ . Alabama - - Arkansas _ Delaware . Florida . . Georgia... . . Kentucky _ Louisiana . . . Maryland . . Mississippi _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ Tennessee _ Texas . . . Virginia _ West Virginia . . District of Columbia _ West . . . Arizona . . California _ _ Colorado _ Idaho . . Montana . Nevada . New Mexico . Oregon . Utah _ _ Washington . . Wyoming . . . . Popula¬ tion July 1, 1951, in thou¬ sands Resident college enrollment, 3d week of fall term, 1951 Number Per 10,000 of total population (000 omit- All stu- Veter- Non vet¬ All stu¬ Veter¬ Non vet¬ ted)1 dents 2 ans 2 erans 2 dents ans erans 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 153, 383 2, 093. 897 386, 825 1,707,072 136.5 25.2 111.3 39, 826 607, 798 117, 241 490, 557 152.6 29.4 123.2 2,031 29, 958 5,994 23, 964 147.5 29.5 118.0 891 7, 468 810 6, 658 83.8 9.1 74.7 4, 730 90, 964 18, 713 72, 251 192.3 39.6 152.7 532 8, 213 739 7, 474 154.4 13.9 140.5 4,973 40, 516 9, 648 30, 868 81.5 19.4 62.1 14, 977 289, 315 54, 538 234, 777 193.2 36.4 156.8 10, 525 124,081 24,808 99, 273 117.9 23.6 94.3 795 10, 176 1, 361 8, 815 128.0 17.1 110.9 372 7,107 630 6,477 191.0 16.9 174.1 45, 050 613, 594 107, 886 505, 708 136.2 23.9 112.3 8, 800 126,055 22, 896 103, 159 143.2 26.0 117.2 4, 036 57, 583 11, 089 46, 494 142.7 27.5 115.2 2,615 34, 335 4,797 29, 538 131.3 18.3 113.0 1,950 28, 258 4,035 24, 223 144.9 20.7 124.2 6, 524 86, 774 15, 243 71, 531 133.0 23.4 109.6 2,984 39, 666 5, 630 34,036 132.9 18.9 114.0 4,043 53, 629 10, 732 42, 897 132.6 26.5 106.1 1, 343 17, 109 2,199 14, 910 127.4 16.4 111.0 603 6,673 1,077 5,596 110.7 17.9 92.8 8, 034 116. 222 22, 956 93, 266 144.7 28.6 116.1 646 6, 060 901 6, 159 93.8 13.9 79.9 3, 472 41, 230 6,331 34. 899 118.7 18.2 100.5 . 48, 202 541, 963 100, 835 441,128 112.4 20.9 91.5 3, 049 26, 611 4, 424 22, 187 87.3 14.5 72.8 1,910 15, 811 2,919 12, 892 82.8 15.3 67.5 330 2, 865 420 2, 445 86.8 12.7 74.1 2, 968 31. 003 6,984 24, 019 104.4 23.5 80.9 3, 494 31,613 5, 659 25, 954 90.5 16.2 74.3 2, 940 25, 955 4, 908 21, 047 88.3 16.7 71.6 2, 757 31, 223 5, 590 25, 633 113.2 20.2 93.0 2, 453 33, 121 7,028 26, 093 135.0 28.6 106.4 2, 191 17, 996 3, 071 14, 925 82.1 14.0 68.1 4,145 40, 482 5,012 35, 470 97.7 12.1 85.6 2, 268 33, 610 6, 967 26, 643 148.2 30 7 117.5 2, 146 19, 535 2,500 17, 035 91.0 11.6 79.4 3, 310 35, 041 5, 905 29, 136 105.8 17.8 88.0 8,017 116, 904 23, 138 93, 766 145.8 28.9 116.9 3, 426 31,127 3, 371 27, 756 90.9 9.9 81.0 1, 987 17, 715 2,940 14, 775 89.2 14.8 74.4 811 31, 351 9,999 21,352 386.6 123.3 263.3 . 20, 305 330, 542 60,863 269, 679 162.8 30.0 132.8 806 12, 012 2,489 9, 523 149.0 30.9 118.1 11, 079 188, 068 31, 795 156, 273 169.8 28.7 141.1 1, 382 29, 100 6, 826 22, 274 210.6 49.4 161.2 589 6,405 1,114 5, 291 108.7 18.9 89.8 688 6, 587 1,127 5, 460 112.0 19.2 92.8 171 1,212 236 976 70.9 13.8 57.1 706 8, 315 2,049 6, 266 117.8 29.0 88.8 1, 554 23, 248 4, 214 19, 034 149.6 27.1 122.5 708 18, 262 4,190 14, 072 257. 9 59.2 198.7 2,427 33, 916 6, 258 27, 658 139.8 25.8 114.0 295 3, 417 565 2,852 115.8 19.1 96.7 1 Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. Estimates of the population of States: July 1, 1950 to 1952 (Series P-25, No. 84, p. 4). Includes persons in the Armed Forces stationed in each State and excludes members of the Armed Forces overseas. 2 Data from Fall enrollment in Higher Educational Institutions, 1951. Circular 328 Office of Education. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Other Types of Enrollment The enrollment of 52,286 students in higher education in 1869-70 has already been mentioned. So has the enrolhnent of 39,610 students of subcollegiate grade in institutions of higher education. There were thus an estimated 91,896 students, of whom 56.9 percent were doing work of the collegiate, graduate, or professional grade of difficulty and 43.1 percent work of subcollegiate difficulty. In the earlier year the student went to college; if he was not prepared for college work, he was put in the pre¬ paratory (the subcollegiate) school. There were no special summer ses¬ sions, extension classes, short courses, and the like, whereby the college goes to the student. In 1951-52 a grand total of 4,343,681 persons received some kind of formal instruction at institutions of higher education; of this number 2,301,884, or 53 percent, were doing resident work of the collegiate, gradu¬ ate, or professional level of difficulty during the regular session. By 1951-52 the college -preparatory function of higher education had dwindled down to less than 2 percent of the total enrollment. Summer sessions in that year attracted 20 percent of the total, correspondence and ex¬ tension work another 20, and short courses of 4 days or more but less than a semester attracted more than 4 percent. Finally, persons coming to the institutions for individual lessons in music, art, radio, speech, and other subjects came to 1.1 percent of the total (table T). Whether this ratio of somewhat more resident college students than all other enrollments in institutions of higher education is a stable one has not yet been determined. The percentage of 53 for regular session resi¬ dent college enrollments to all higher education enrollments for 1951-52 may be compared, however, with one of 56.3 in 1949-50, one of 57.2 in 1947-48, and of 56.9 in 1945-46. The corresponding percentage in 1939-40 was 58.3; that for 1929-30 was 58.2. HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 31 c o o X -O _ CS 12 2 Os COrH © ^ CN CO > iO 0X0 00 00 05 05 CO 1000 WON »oc5io oo »-• t>- lo't^Tgo' oTo'io' OhH > Tf 05 CO >o 00 00 CO o i-i * id oi oo *-S *o ‘ cd ■*»< co’ HCIJO t>- CO ooeoesf e s £ 1 53 3 C >> S 5 ® 0.2 C © SJD B, © © , 2.2 8 g-® ©_© ^ c3 ©~>2 ? © fc£ © © .i; © © a crt B o o © 2 2*® §® ©53 5 ® »S ^1 S8 ■» a 09 ■a “5 § § s 2* a8| ® w a ^ o g SOrafl M r3 9j? oqO — 53 u U ^ © © C . 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1 o S ® 1 11 c •gi A o° ; s6o i : : | « .cS : §^5 i : : i fS 1 is 1 si® | l £ "2 M .. 3 m ^ go t ZS 5 H cqW!> s SPh U ! § g « Z m > a i ; ; : ) i 5 1 i i i c3 Q, J bB i B » ^ • D > o E-i 1 » i ^ 1 > O 3 S 1 W c3 O “ 09 'S P5 •‘S a n g & a i a> .a § o « o N 09 H H w rr, 6H s « II w P5 1 1 1 « I 1 • » 1 i i s : J £ a g 1 o z HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 39 3, 741 994 6, 366 1,945 1,147 3, 274 1,755 614 1, 141 05 714 278 05 05 rH tC H to CM CM |8 18 05 CO CD CD CM 00 212.8 330.4 203.4 3, 724 953 5, 409 1,779 1,007 2, 623 1,794 619 1,175 1 a 674 307 §1 1 ^ ^ rH 05 CD CD 00 rH 213.4 312. 3 192. 0 3, 468 982 4, 145 1,576 748 1, 821 1,610 557 1,053 05 643 278 58 220 213 CD CM to to 51 5 16 80 co 211.2 280.6 183.2 2, 329 659 1,977 608 461 908 884 21 ° CO to to 429 207 41 166 140 105 35 54 to cm oo CO 1-H CM CM CD CM 157.5 169. 1 122. 2 1,083 536 731 ONOS 05 OC(N(N Tf< CM CM CM CD co co to tO co s 0 1-H CM ^ CO O 05 CO Tf« cm to lO Tf to Tf ^ CM j CM i 0 001 0 001 0 001 9, 481 3, 504 10, 432 4,177 2, 084 4,171 5,763 2,014 3,749 34 05 CO 05 CO 2, 488 809 1, 679 2, 594 1,913 681 859 496 126 237 1,028 ii 307.0 484.1 371.9 10, 257 3, 754 10, 525 4, 182 2,179 4, 164 6, 384 2,113 4, 271 42 35 6,663 2,486 833 1,653 2,486 1,813 673 805 1 05 i-H to CD CD O CO CO ^ rH CM 00 rH tO CM CO rH U- 378.0 513.5 355.5 9, 332 3, 186 8,263 3, 339 1,770 3, 154 5,881 2, 019 3, 862 5, 990 2, 367 799 1,568 2,172 1,613 559 675 430 80 165 776 95 681 446.7 458.2 319.6 3,907 1,713 3, 229 1,275 637 1,317 1, 868 697 1,171 43 2, 861 1,120 414 706 1,095 05 CD CO §8 {§ 225 41 87 293 25 268 148.8 183.5 152.7 1,844 1,028 1,348 677 309 362 940 co cl o 05 r- 00 791 05 CM f'- CCO CM CM to t'* 550 177 201 o^o to 1C CO CM to 00 OOO S|8 13,222 4, 498 16, 798 6,122 3, 231 7, 445 7,518 2, 628 4,890 53 7, 683 2, 766 868 1,898 2,845 2, 101 744 958 565 133 260 1,114 II 269.4 422.3 345.3 13,981 4,707 15, 934 5, 961 3,186 6,787 8,178 2,732 5, 446 43 55 7,337 2, 793 899 1, 894 2, 704 1, 987 717 876 OONiH 1-H o to O to 1-H CM 05 ^ o co co 1-H 00 312.3 432.6 329.8 12,800 4, 168 12, 408 4, 915 2, 518 4, 975 7, 491 2, 576 4, 915 36 6,633 2, 645 857 1, 788 2, 385 1,769 616 747 481 85 181 856 CM O to i-H N ; 352.7 386.8 298. 1 6, 236 2, 372 5,206 1,883 1,098 2, 225 2, 752 1,011 1,741 58 3, 290 1,327 455 872 1,235 t'- i-H CM O 05 CO ^ O CO ^ i-H CD to 05 CM CM CO CM 05 CM 152.3 177.7 147.9 2, 927 1,564 2, 079 rH rH OJ to CO C5 CO C5 to to to 416 1,173 CO 2, 225 962 05 CO 05 CM CO CM CO CD 00 629 200 255 tO to »D 05 05 CO CM cm OOO 0 0*0 OOO East North Central - West North Central - th: Total - - - South Atlantic. . . _ _ _ East South Central . . . . West South Central . - . - st: Total . . . . . Mountain . . . . . Pacific . . . . . - > j : > i ! J > i c3 : a J bfi Doctor’s ital United States: total . . . S aTHEAST: Total - - - New England.. . . Middle Atlantic . . ara Central: Total. . . East North Central.. . . . . West North Central . . ... rTH: Total . . . . South Atlantic _ _ _ East South Central _ . West South Central _ _ _ st: Total _ _ _ Mountain _ _ _ Pacific... . . . g parts . . . . . bers of earned degrees conferred Con- Jnited States only (1929-30=100): )r’s or first professional . . 's or equivalent . - -- S _ _ _ _ _ _ £ © 1 '*9 © ©■d 1 2 ^8 55 Si o t a If fe.5 P'S •« £ cans cS O P'Z 2 K « e r' C «"o o> 5 fl c3 ,G ^ V fl £ « glmSP Table W. — Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education in continental United States and outlying parts, by level of degree, sex of recipient, and field of study: 1 951-52 1 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Doctor’s Women eo 714 O • lO^HONWOO iWNiONNHTf « ■ • i CO • • I'- CO I-H i IIHOO i— 1 04 IHH 05 t"- i-4 III 1 i CO ii i i i i i i II 1 l I l I I ii i i i i i i li i I I I i i ii i I i I i i ii i i i i i i l l i i Men a 6, 969 WC4N«OCOMNOiCO(DONOOTfT}-0>»HCO»OOOiONC105N’^ 0^*-H^XCOOC05005tC»OC004»0 00 TJ1 COO 1-1 rH 0500 to 1-4 1-1 CM 1-1 —a NC9CN(NO»OiO»0i00)OH00C00)0CH05I^f*50000OiQ^4rO?:4rTr0C'(NN4j'00T}'na»0 IOtiC4C4C5 C4H t'HHH't H O O O N »0 *0 O CD O O V N H IQ ^ IQ i-H 1-4 F- 1 1-4 rH 1-T tcTco hV h hhn h Total - 63,471 000»ONN4jir^iOOTfOCOO>OOC1000^Hp4NeOOOONNNOOO»04ftDONiHO«3N^ OP?CJrMOtDNNNiOHWCCOOCOC4WOC*300000C(NM054T'COOOCO'-'»-450N05riOO OHC4C4W CO iH to 04 1-4 h to rH CO to TJ4 tT © CM to to O © O 05 tO CM t- 00 05 i-4 CM r-i 04 i- i iH i-T nci © r-T tjT i-T r-T i-T co" i-T 04 CM Number of insti¬ tutions o tO 1 04 i-H O i N04 CD»0 05N05 if N CO 04 CO i 04 CO t#< 05 CD 04 CO r- rH i i i i iH N O CM CM CO r- Tf CO H 00 O CM ! to CO CM CO 1 1-4 CM CM 00 ^ CM t- 00 r- 00 00 i CM CO 05 00 ITJ1COTJ1C o cm ^ Bachelor’s and 1st professional Women »o 104, 895 ^iOHOOHlOifH(NOCOiOOH(NM0COOHOCh-NCOC5(NOCMO5^iO(NNiONOHON tp h 0404 0404i-4Q5 hOWiCOM^OH ri00C*-iQO00r-O4fNNHC>H 1-4 1-405 04 00 T*4 04 CO 05 CO WHn0500NNO)rtH HH oT i-T ooV o[ oo©* co 04* co of i-T coco Men C5 © N HNOOOlOONOlOCtOOHTtiOOiNffltDOOaNeNiniOi-IOCffllONiCfflOOOaNrtN lOo-NNO'j'iNTjMOiOTH^Kffiinncwo'TMvNOOMai-'i'fl'MONvmiNnoio if CNNNhMi-ihN lO®lOr* E-* i-5 £ O ◄ p£H S lO 1C 4, 887 666 RESIDENT COLLEGE ENROLLMENTS * CO 00 «o w- o 00 A 00 - ©* IQ »o 7, 328 4, 194 GO 77, 972 37, 845 00 Oi Tt< CO wwCO 00 w <© to § §8 2 05 8 12, 704 3, 105 * 156, 756 100, 453 56, 303 2, 382 154, 374 110, 241 44, 133 (8) 1899-1900 23, 868 19, 151 4,717 237, 592 152, 254 85, 338 5,831 231, 761 127,663 104, 098 (8) 1909-10 CO 36, 480 29, 132 7, 348 * 355, 213 214, 648 140, 565 9,153 346,060 171,847 174, 213 (8) 1919-20 48, 615 35, 807 12, 808 697, 880 314, 938 282, 942 15,612 582, 268 192, 566 406, 941 (8) 1929-30 C© 82, 386 60, 017 22, 369 1, 100, 737 619, 935 480, 802 47, 255 1, 053, 482 273, 503 783, 975 1 336, 997 1939-40 ws J y r > 131, 552 94, 536 37,016 1,494,203 893,250 600,953 . 105,748 1, 388, 453 744, 827 646, 999 417, 539 1947-48 - 196, 300 143, 243 53, 057 2, 616, 262 1, 836, 339 779, 923 174, 432 2, 441, 830 955, 621 1. 498, 457 619, 232 1949-50 w 210, 349 157, 691 52, 658 2, 659, 021 1, 853, 068 805, 953 237, 208 2, 421,813 1, 039, 556 1, 387, 739 594, 126 1951-52 198, 477 150, 041 48, 436 2, 301, 884 1,510, 650 791, 234 233, 327 2, 068, 557 888, 181 1, 183, 957 529, 950 Item - iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i | |d j ids i i Privately 1 controlled « N 5, 501 3,035 2, 466 4, 759 2, 567 2, 192 47, 121 23, 898 23, 223 43, 758 21, 939 21,819 6,748 6, 624 124 22, 937 10, 382 12, 555 42, 739 20. 933 21, 806 Publicly controlled a© 291 11,667 7,935 3,732 9, 540 O O GO CO ^ O CO CO 184, 054 115, 983 68, 071 156,239 98, 862 57, 377 18,829 18, 214 615 91, 694 56, 567 35, 127 171, 063 108, 585 62, 478 Teachers colleges Privately controlled r» 33 1,137 472 665 974 418 556 12, 043 3, 718 8, 325 00 % o 3,159 7, 209 1,282 98 961 ‘I 2,332 680 1, 652 9,417 2,807 6.610 Publicly controlled CO 13, 758 7, 756 6, 002 13, 068 7, 372 5, 696 177, 798 83, 575 94, 223 I 159,666 75, 441 84, 225 17, 723 17, 144 579 46, 011 20, 777 25, 234 164, 307 © O CO O oo Liberal arts colleges Privately controlled 610 36,488 23, 574 12, 914 31, 696 20, 492 11, 204 422, 463 244, 696 177, 767 396, 679 229, 237 167, 442 58, 012 56, 349 1,663 107, 570 56, 891 50, 679 383, 901 222, 221 161, 680 Publicly controlled * 13,144 8,843 4,301 12,185 8, 183 4,002 146,505 83, 128 63,377 134, 219 75,512 58,707 20, 831 20, 283 548 38, 338 20, 311 18, 027 128, 528 72, 711 55, 817 Universities Privately controlled CO CO CO 59,626 51,753 7,873 42, 345 36, 512 5,833 519, 979 381,333 138, 646 477, 444 354,630 122,814 121,757 117, 535 4, 222 72, 272 52, 190 20, 082 358, 676 268, 894 89, 782 Publicly controlled w 99 76,773 61, 337 15, 436 63,611 50,761 12,850 588,738 405,065 183,673 530, 372 368, 289 162, 083 89,773 87,438 2,335 111,024 71,468 39, 556 451, 819 310, 186 141, 633 Item - Number of institutions _ _ Faculty: Total, different individuals.. . . . . Men _ _ Women . . . . . . . Full-time equivalent . . . . Men _ _ _ _ _ _ Women . . . Resident College Enrollments: Regular session (September- June) . . Men . . . Women . . . 3d week of fall term 3 . . . . . Men . . . Women . . . Veterans of World War II 3 _ . _ . . Men . . . Women . 1st time in any college _ _ Men . . . . Women . . . U ndergraduate . . . . Men . . . Women . . . 8 CM CO CM i-h n- £5 80 © CM HI( CO 05 CM CM o co" CM 00 ghi CM O 05 GR E 05 CM CM 00 80"t^" 05 ^ 80 CO DUC 00 co" ATI( TJ8 © CO 80 ©co" CO )N- 80 55 CO od TJH 00 474, 814 L 373, 881 ^ GUI 80 LTY, 00 80 O N- 80 CO OS § SI CO 0 10" UDE N- CO IV CM 00 05" co" T-H CM ms, 00 0 cm" , an: Tf Hi 00 CM 00" cd CM 0 CO rH D I S od 80 )EGREE 0 CO 11 co CM co CO ^j"cd cd :s oco 05 05 CO 80 Sf CM CO O CO co 05 N- CO CO 05 CO 05 05 T* N- rH -05 t'- co"iv" rH 2 § oo co 2 CM 80 oo"cm" CM 80 80 CO CO co CM cd 1^ rr< Iv ^ CO CO CM 05 co" 00 CO O 05 CO II Tji CO CM co CM CM 09 rH 40 ^ 00 OH co co CM CO od O N- CM 0 CO O cm"co CM CM 05 05" CM CO 1-H 80 000 05 0 8o"rt<" CM 0 CM rH rc 80 cd co tv- II co 80 N— 1 1 00 80 05 CO cdoT 05 0 rH 05 I- cd 8 CM id CM r- os **dcd' 05 co CM CM 05" o CO 05 CO 00 n- co co" cm" CO TP 00 cm" X co co oo o 80 CO cd 8o" CO Tt< CM rH CM co od CM CM CO CM O 05 lv"o" X 0 s CO 80 CO ^ T-H cm" O 80 CO »o cm" T-H CM 05 CO CO rt« rH o' CO rH 80 00 cm" 80 CO CO 00 05 00 cm" 05" 05 CO Is 05" od 0 CO O cm" CO ^CO U CM CO rH IV CO CM as' v ^ 0 IV ^ cd © cd o CO 80 cO l^- H 00 rdoo IV CM 1^ 80 cm" 00 CO 80 CM CO IV 80" ^ co 00 80 od 05 CO 80 CO o CO 05 05 O CM CM 00 o 05 CO CM CO 80 co co"^" CM CM 05 co 00 05" g O 05 CO V 1-H CO -'did CO CM CO CO 05 0 g 005 CM 00 IV CO od r-T 05 80 CO 1^ 80" 80 rH 80 CM CO rH o>" cd 80 IV 0 cm" CO 1-H Hf N- O 1-H G5 cd8o" O 80 IV co CO rH S3 5 1-h" 05" CM 05 -0 cd 80 ^ 05 1-H CM cd CM X CO 80 N- CO rH 05 TJ8 cm" i-h" 80 CO od 05 g t>- 00 Vco" 80 CM co CO 05 05 CM 00 IV co"^" »o 00 80" IV 00 05 rH CO ^ co"cm" co 00 CO 0 CO 00 CO ^ V 3 80 CM 00 0 i ■ o o cd N- co TM 05 40 |dio" CO CM cm" 00 80 ^ 05 oo co C0 80" CM rH- 1 N- 05 CM CO 00 3 CM co" 05 O CM CO Iv 80 8o"t-r 80 05 cm" 80 O rr< CO O 05 iv 8d CO 80 CO CM ^ CM 1 1 CO 2 O CO gs 80 CM CO CM rH 05 o X CM o" CO ^ 80 CM cd*iv" 05 rH o oo co co »o co CO rH 00 CO CO 05 0 CM 1 > 0 1 CM co 1 1 CO 1 Tfi 1 0 co 05 00 CM CO 05 CO CM CO coco 05 CM co ^ a CO 1-H CM CO iv oT IV CO O CO rH CO 80 Tf 00 co" H N- CO 80 rH CM 00 05 od 05 05 80 CM O 05 oo"o" ^ IV IV CO CM NO 05 rH o CO"co" 1 id IV CO rH CM OO a‘s‘ 2 SI cm"co co X CM 00 80 00 N- co 00 ''f £ co 80 05 rH 40 CO 80 cd 05* 00 2 80" i-h CO 05 05 rH cm" cm" 0 0 cS 80 CO rH CO CM 05*80 CM 1-H CO 00 co rH 05 COO 88 i rn"oT iv co s o 05" CO o 00 8o"cd 0 CM CM 00 CM CM 05 05 1-H i-h"40" 05 0 05 80" I't cm 80 80 cocm" 00 CM cd CO rH CM 0 cm"^" 05 CO CM N- N- CO 05 rf cdo" ^ CO co 80 cd 0 CO rH ^ cm" r-T CM 00 00 T* TjH CO 52 05 80 cT Tf C5 CM CO O 80 CO** cd 2 co oo" CO 00 05 80 CO CM id 80 Xj co eg 05 CO 05 00 05 CO 05 IV 80" 05 o CO cd cm r>- CO Tt* O 80 co"co" 0 CO id co 05 rH 05 1-H CO co cm" rH CM 80 80 80 80* rH cm"co" CM 0 ^ O rH CM CM cm" CM CO CO TT< CM cm"o" CO co" 1-H ^ CO CO IV TfH co CM rH 1 § O rH Tf 80 05 IV cm" 80 IV CM 00 1^ CO cm" CO CO JO 05" co" CO CM oo co" 00 05 05 IV CO 05 CO"C5" CM 80 co CO o co" o co ^dr-T 0 s od 00 N- CO CO CO 00 CO td©* 80 co 0 co O N- 1— CO oocd 80 CM co" 00 N- CO 80 rH 05 05 CM 0 Iv O TtH 05 O 0 CM gs CO 80 CM ^ CM 00 v CM 00 co"lv CO 3 cd IV CO 1-HC5 CM CO cd S3 CM CM*' 00 CO 3 cm" 05* CO rH 05 oo 80* 80 i-H 00 CO 80 CO 80 CM* CM" CO CM o 05 oo 80* Cl CM rH 05 CO 80 8o"o io i'- o o IV td 1-H 05 2g cd^" 80 0 Iv CO N l^- 05 80 CO co co"o" N- 05 CM rH CM CM I''- 80 CM 00 co" od 00 co CM CO cd 05 CO 00"^" 0 sf 80 CO co co CM 00 idrjT CO CM 05 80 0 cm" CM 050 CO N- cd 80" cd 00 co 2 cm cd Graduate . . . . . . . Men.. . . . . . . . Women _ _ _ _ _ Special . . . - . . Men _ _ _ _ Women . . . . . . . Summer sessions, 1951 and 1949 . . . Men . . . . . Women _ _ _ _ Other Enrollments: Resident noncollegiate _ _ _ Men and boys... _ Women and girls . . . . Nonresident (correspondence, extension) . Men _ _ _ _ _ Women . . . . s/ Short courses . . . . Men _ _ Women . . . . . . Individual instruction _ _ _ Men and boys. . . . . Women and girls. . - - - Earned Degrees Conferred: Bachelor’s or 1st professional . . . . Men... . . . . . . Women . . . . . . Master’s or 2d professional - - 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 • • a ! ! 0 1 1 0 ! S co C £ > 0 v a* c ^ 1 0 Q j 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. 2 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (“technological,” “theological,” and “other”), separate columns for which are not presented, in this table. s Data from, Fall Enrollment in Higher Educational Institutions, for appropriate year. * Differs from total previously published in the 1949-50 Biennial Survey. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 I § A Doctor’s Women N 278 99 891 68 OS 251 71 26 27 6 30 11 18 30 . 31 Men Oi 6, 969 2,488 CO ih iNONON OO 105 1 «0 H H CO T— < 1 *0 IHHTji 2,594 8gi8S32**a !g i Master’s and 2d professional Women GO 19,977 7,121 269 26 1,048 12 222 4,378 1,049 36 81 4,735 1,386 432 212 115 939 209 331 114 6 630 7 354 Men e© 14, 377 NNCOCU0005«D»0 r^OCi^cOOiOcDCM CO T— l 05 1— 1 OO 05 »0 t-H ef COCsf 12, 985 3, 323 1, 448 853 497 2.163 762 901 303 86 1,667 102 880 Bachelor’s and 1st professional Women c© 104,005 27, 614 COOOOMHNiOON COrt-iOHWHOJrJi rHiOiOCOOOOCO^ i-T ^ i-T i-T co 29, 916 lilslsiilil! us e© w QO 115, 656 4, 063 990 14, 414 847 5, 462 60, 161 27, 868 731 1,120 140, 385 29,314 16, 869 8,854 6, 262 19, 978 9, 494 10, 752 4,146 1,284 22, 666 1,564 9,202 Veter¬ ans of World War II 3 QO 386,825 117, 241 5, 994 810 18, 713 739 9, 648 54, 538 24, 808 1, 361 630 107, 886 22, 896 11, 089 4, 797 4,035 15, 243 5, 630 10, 732 2,199 1,077 22,956 901 6,331 1st time in any col¬ lege r- 529, 950 120, 458 tOOCO^ 05COCOt^CO^l^OCO CWHWOCONOH Ci O © 05 CO CO Of rH ^ ©* 152, 143 29, 233 14, 868 9,310 8, 956 18, 880 11,147 13, 960 4, 762 2,684 25, 534 2,162 10, 647 3d week of fall term 1951 3 - CO ® 607, 798 29, 958 7, 468 90, 964 8, 213 40, 516 289, 315 124, 081 10, 176 7, 107 613, 594 126, 055 57, 583 34, 335 28, 258 86, 774 39, 666 53, 629 17, 109 6, 673 116, 222 6, 060 41,230 Regular session, 1951-52 Women 791,234 212, 651 COOCrHCOONCON - CC0005(NOONNCC^OlC5C5»O^C5^ t}< cm © ^ r* co ^ cm r- co -h 05 oo cm ^ 05 of © ©" COhrCO©Tj<©COOO^OO© ©COCM©^ 00 N © CM © CM©© rH rH CO CM H}< rH cf rH* © 1 eo CM r- © CM 00 £ » CO © rH rf CM" 88 8‘ © © inNOXC^ONOOCOCOCO 00 CO ^ 1 00 r-» 00 rH Tf 05 CO c o co o o o o rH r- i^hhO^COOCCO'OXON © CO irHCOCO Of rf Cf rf CO rf rf JO © ©" © © *h CO © i©©CMr^CM co go © cm (©cMr^occo © 00 rH © l © CO rH © CO i 1 1 o CM 5 © 04 p ©©© oo -<*< co r~ rH cm oo co co © © © CMrfCOrfO^CO'— XOOCCCJrj-iON ^ co rt co © oo © © © oo © © oo oo © © r- ©©* ©"cf© © CM© 00© cf© ©"rf" rH CM CO cm" © 1 ** NrfCOr©©N©^- 05 00 CD CO r*- C3 © rt< WrHTj-r^© COrH©©rHCO©CO©CO© ©CO^rHCOCO©0000©© COTjf 00 OC© 00©"©"CM"of©"©"cM"oO ©" rH co CO T h CM rH CO CO CM CO ?0 rH co rH CO rH CO rH CO CM © ©" © co C3oo©©r^c3©oocM©r- 11© ncOOOXr r 1 © 0©rHT^©CMCOCMCM©r^ 1 © cf 00 of©© rH od co 00 co" CO 00 rH 00 CM CM rH CO 1 00 1 © © 00 rH © © r>- rji CM 00 CM of 221,397 CDrHCM^rH»-.r^.lOtOtO00O5tO©O5Tt< to I cdnxco^cooxono^hxndw r^ to 05 00 CM ^ 00 CO © © CO C5 tT © ^ CO 00 ^h" cd" rf V t-h" cm" cf 00 00 cm" t^r to" to" co" t^f ^H CO u g '*fCO©rH©©©OOTt* 00 rH © to 00 rHDf CM" CM" l^rn" CO i-T Ttf tO CM" CO CD ©"rn" »o" r-HrH CM CM rH CM CM rH CM CM rH CM 00 ^ rH CM © co©r^oooocooo©co©rH C4Tt-ONTTXDNON© CM©©©r-00©CMO0rf ^ o r nCj o o O 2513 ^ rn ti I s js : S ^ ! o © ; O & f < tS H 2 s* u Di-w 5 ® * “w Cd C « “ 11 P o ! c ij W 5 « \ i i i i i i i i i i II = 'P3 -:35 3 & i a : 3 |S s§g ■aiw u CO.M „ OO - . cm __r^ co 8?S gsi o «n js e o o *JJ 1 s| 5 js^ s ■ssi c3_ **. v ga-s s-I 'gQ £ •2.yre *l3 03 r; ttlEs, TJ g fl sop *9aq 49 Table 3. — Faculty , students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, by region and by State: 1951-52 — Continued B. UNIVERSITIES 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Decrees 1 Doctor’s Women ® N 699 236 OS » H 1 l © CO 1 1 i ii ii 251 HCONCOOHOOH 1© IH b- ©cf CO* ©~ Veter¬ ans of World War II 2 a© 211,530 71, 702 oooor^to« ; i i i j i j i i i i i : g N ;3S5*-38S S ~g£ : : : j i 1 1 of 1 S||S2 ; ; .«OtC I »o 8ssisgs§snsaisi i © S!§SS"§S3I§ of : 8 ISS§88s§SiS§E3S§ 3 5 §ss!§SR£2i!§ CO i in § s' |g§l“sl§l8ISIIlg § Nrt-rtrtV -of «VN ^“Vof- to* t^- ■*r 5 sSilsISISli rfotf -*of^*-* s CO* SI | — * of 3 5 1888819888888118 § i-T V — co co" V — co cfto — r-f tT CO £ Issllllllil —“of to — *— 'cd'cd' j g - ill : ~ i * co* of — * « of — ■** eC to* co 1 8" gggSSiSSggi i-Tofco wV-* 1 CO* ;-“of 3 5 88SS8ISS8S8188S8 1 to V of to c~* — * ^j* of of ©* c& of © of «o jh i s' sliigsllsss to g ^ CO* of ^H* CO* o' to* 00 of i 1 2 ill ;rr*oo* § s' llglllSisISgilsi g -*-* ^VnVV ofo co of - to 1 s' SslissSISli -*£*©* — * CO* to* to* ac ■*< off !gg jofto* £ §? glBgliissglSllsS 1 rf « of « ^-^fod-^of 00‘00 «S CO* « i s gflisisgiii cd^f^fof- co* t-* of co* — ' i 1 ao ill jofto* o to V 18*88811*38*88*8 g 3 of £ |3S 8 S' S88SS8I883SSS88S § -'-* of of -*-* — "cd" of 1 2 lillggsgill 00*-* 1 ill 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 3. — Faculty, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, by region and by State: 1951-52 — Continued 0. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES 09 H H s c a 0 Doctor’s Women ® N ID CD PI CO • i l l i l l l l l l 1 l l i i i 1 1 l i l l i l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i l i l 1 t l l 1 1 l i i l i l i l i i 1 l 1 t l l l l i l l l 1 1 l 1 i i i i i i l i i i i i Men ea *D 03 i 1 i CO 03 ID CO 05 ! [ 05 iiiiiiiii*! i i i i i i i i i i l i i i i i i i i i i i l i i i i i i i i i i • l l l 1 i 1 l 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i t i i i Master’s and 2d professional Women GO r* GO W 797 313 CO 03 00 CO CO ^ CO 248 O 03 .00 |IQ(N0C40 . i oa i i r— i cm i i ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii Men 3, 861 1, 034 s§ t'- -C003 OOOOCOCOTfOOTt^CSOOt^COt^ rnOcDONOCOCO COrHlO NH C3 Men its eo eo CD *D 15,893 738 399 1, 999 173 1,536 4, 831 5,273 427 517 16, 722 COCCCOOCOrHiO^COiO^CO 03 CO 03 ^ 03 00 CO CO O O *h O OiQNOOWcOiQCCO^CC) CO r-frH rHi-fr-T *o Other Enrollments Indi¬ vidual in¬ struc¬ tion a g CD 337 CO 1 lO 00 1 2,807 OOONMNhOh iiCOh Orn^NOcDCOH • O 03 CO hhhC0 03^ CO i Oa i Short courses eo 11,464 1, 270 l 1 i o iCCiQ GO CO iQ lO 4, 150 2,687 127 510 41 60 146 219 71 289 Non- resi¬ dent (colle¬ giate and non- colle- giate) N ® eo CD 9, 645 640 137 1,415 309 337 3, 178 3, 222 400 7 17, 377 ca CO CO O CO 05 03 O > O CO oa OJiOOCacOCOr-^C3 1 CO 00 *0 00 oa rH th CO 1-H 1 Tfi co i-T t-T of Ico Resi¬ dent non- colle- giate a 15, 665 1, 544 05 CO CO • CO 03 • 00 f of © © oo 03" co ■ of i£ of Whhh th rtH Regular session, 1951-52 Women ID | 49, 492 3, 071 1, 023 11, 726 553 3, 149 16, 069 12, 767 124 1,010 65, 057 ON^00OCCN00Oh03N OOCOOIOMa-^ IQWON Olt^rjiOOiOCO^COt^COOat^ CO co of of co of Men - O* QO CD CO IQ CT> 8 6,614 1,847 8,715 746 10, 251 27, 297 24, 858 1,443 2,185 93,683 lOOOOOaNNOaNONrfH O00 03CHMOr^iQOOO •^hNOOO^OOOcOhho CO r>T CO CO tC 03 H r*f of of rH CO Faculty (re¬ duced to full¬ time basis) Women CD 15,206 | 3, 257 OOiQCOiQNMOOrH^ rH N HHOO g! X NOiCOOONiOOOO^N-^O NNOOOr^COOOiQOO^HfO CO 03 CO CO CO 1H »H Oa rH 03 Men ID CD QO W 7,017 OCiOOecQOOai— «ONrHTHW efof 8,078 C00a03rt«0503i0c003t^03t^ c ** t- - c x x ci oc oo 05 Tf CO CO IQ *C CO CO 03 03 03 CO CO rH 03 Region and State - Conti n e n t a 1 United States _ Northeast . . Connecticut . . Maine _ _ Massachusetts _ New Hampshire. . New Jersey _ New York _ _ _ Pennsylvania.. . . Rhode Island . . Vermont . . North Central _ Illinois _ _ Indiana . . Iowa.. . . . Kansas.. . . Michigan _ _ Minnesota _ _ Missouri . . Nebraska _ ... _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio . . South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES U , Men CO w 1 3,411 272 90 262 88 302 1,071 1,263 30 33 5, 893 ONCOCOCDOCDONCOON II HCMOiOCMrfCOT^iO iO CM NcONCChcON(Mh rH GO Other Enrollments Indi¬ vidual in¬ struc¬ tion 1, 306 1~' ; | ] ! |rt ] ] 719 g CO 128 68 164 17 33 Short courses CO 1 273 i i O i t'— CO i i 1 ICO 1 0 CO 1 1 ii id ii 1,766 r- cm 05 CO OO OO 05 O 1 1-H 1 || ^goooo^to ICO 1 II Non¬ resi¬ dent (colle¬ giate and non- colle- giate) Of 78,951 1 12,135 M 05 QO H O TtGO CHOOCSiHCC^OCO co ih co~ csT 32, 771 OlNrHCfllOONN^lON® || r-lO»05tJI05(NTj<--IOO-*ICT>00 NiO«9MNOO'» CS Tt< wet eo t"." of V t-T ^Tec" II Resi¬ dent non- colle- giate s 33, 148 5, 339 § lO 570 1,287 2, 922 15,401 2, 095 837 ChH COCOIOOO i 1 || OoSoSocO j | M || NNN j 1cm | Resident College Enrollments Summer ses¬ sion, 1951 Women o 78,053 12, 248 O5M©»O00©cOMcO IOOCO»OCO rtT of r-T i-T i-T oo II Regular session, 1951-52 Women U3 | 102,548 27, 261 NCDOiO^CDOCOOO OiCDNrf COO^OOO cD^d^O^OSiOCO r-T TtT T}T oT to 31,984 5, 585 2, 878 1,537 1,138 5,230 2, 436 4, 730 986 949 1,133 589 4, 793 Men «*< 87,293 15,434 1,198 343 1,340 301 1,672 4, 934 5,413 100 133 29,053 CM05rH-Tt -o -TJ C o c ,o (n v. -O c o HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 57 302643-55- 5 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 4. — Summary of faculty , students, and degrees, institutions of higher education, by region and by State, 1951-52 A. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Degrees (Men and Women) * Doc¬ tor’s 18 1 a 2 ;a ; : : ; ; 2, 176 249 319 276 59 343 197 74 34 6 294 325 Mas¬ ter’s and 2d profes¬ sional r* S 2,719 320 133 413 79 238 1,429 45 62 1 b1IS!I1I81§= of rtV n ~ f—T Bache¬ lor’s and 1st profes¬ sional CD £ S 19, 588 ISlSSSlsl r-f -f r-f of of § aSsllllSIsls 3 o*orocco^‘co''ofr-fof ^ Students Summer ses¬ sion (s), 1951 Women 2 206,905 20, 108 §§gllgssi -r HO« B llllllllisll g“ «V«Vo.V«5eoHecie a <0 § 2 1 i 21, 203 1,879 710 638 732 1,254 11,441 3, 485 620 444 III lllllSslSIgl oo ooHV«VooVrf«nHC 1st time in any college (men and women) e-9 8 i 34,521 3,088 1,097 2, 711 1,062 2, 425 19, 529 2, 952 780 877 S Si5g3g§lS33§ 1 CO jfooV®N®VwVctH® 3d week of fall term 1951 (men and women) 2 i| i Is |s 10,244 3,991 9, 324 3, 839 8, 910 84, 530 10, 943 2, 435 3. 464 1 SI!iiSig§s!l Regular session 1 Graduate Women 1 2,511 189 7 120 37 199 1,913 25 21 § !IISSSS8SISI 05 -T CO II Men a 1 K 3,802 418 104 436 229 867 1,585 98 67 1 §3§§g§§ISisg gf CO' of Undergraduate and special Women et I 5 65, 995 3, 830 1,439 4, 389 1,408 4,212 42,329 5, 984 941 1.463 1 gll§8lS§l~I§ r -h ^hVnhooVwnoh® Men QC 8 i 77, 113 811111111 IS ISgglSIiSSIs ' j g wSOjos^cio^oMV Total (excluding duplicates) Women s 5 I 8S 1SI13SI1I II islIIIIISilg r||g Men CD 737,980 80,907 ggSISSSSi 239,639 32, 375 24, 912 13, 286 16, 784 44,715 17, 414 13, 699 7, 728 4, 571 43, 138 3,444 17, 573 I XL XT. rv ; 1 ^ Full-time equiv¬ alent Women i! g 1 CO 372 144 307 125 185 1,492 355 132 134 ill SgilllllllSI |l OO r-T -f ,-f CG S3 < o P e A H « . >-* c- jj o « - * £ Men - 79,439 6,986 789 333 736 354 406 3, 384 460 249 97.5 IS IllllsaSlisI |w cocfcSf-TwNrHV-T rF of / V Total number Women e* 30,697 3, 650 403 167 318 128 200 1,705 357 139 933 i E IfalgalsSSsS O* *A rArArArA rA Men DJ 93, 135 8, 197 iHallsisI l 5 llSISISIIIil co *o co" co~ of tjT of rA r-T tcT ef| Region and State 1 Continental United Slates . . Northeast, . . . . Connecticut _ - _ Maine _ _ _ Massachusetts . . New Hampshire- . . New Jersey . New York., _ _ Pennsylvania . Rhode Island. . . . North Central. ... _ Illinois .. . _ Indiana . . . Iowa . . . Kansas _ Michigan _ _ Minnesota _ _ Missouri . . Nebraska _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ South Dakota . . . Wisconsin _ HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 59 1 n : : pS^g10 !SSi§lllI§SSIIs! § 255 648 859 112 159 5 244 442 255 519 141 CD 3 oq 3® d nT -r g iflllllllslslSlS 8 1 38818881833 g S a 88 § ■*jo'eoTtr »»V r-T cfco’'^'©'^' « r-T Of 2 CD lllllliSIlllsISS l i llilII§s!lS i i 8*32 § «*co ^•o“co«o“co^‘«d't>TcS<~ s’ ^Ttjco'r-Tof ofttfcood'-f 00* of o’ 2 IssSlssSlSsSIgll 1 8 IslSgllSIlS s 3s - 00 5o8 i ef ao <-T o Ttj" -T c of of of of ©eg r-T of §’ of O jf coco" uf oof CO of «? »- of o' i s§lllilslSS§llls 1 1 liSlIslIIH 1 s«SS § co to cotC^-ootocoaacftCot^to 8? Voco^-Tof of ©~ eo" of i-T 00* of o' ,i 8888382838888888 l § 13338882221 s B i= ;il i WMHNVctctNOnWNMOHV g* oooofeoV wVcoon oo of of o’ i oT gBslll§ll|ISSlli £ § ■* Sli^isslSl8 of 1 5 8838838138838888 8 s ississssns S s 96 11 326 644 a Ik ©~ « * H g HSlllgllllllggl S § |§§528fe£g§§52 i 26 6 122 490 © of 1 8888882833888328 8 § 18g||ls§lsl s i sail s’ s rH%H r-T -- <5 JQ II from Earned Degrees Conferred by Higher Educational Institutions, 1951-52. Circular 360, Office of Education, from Fall Enrollment in Higher Education . Institutions, 1951. Circular 328, Office of Education. Table 4. — Summary of faculty , students , and degrees, institutions of higher education, by region and by State, 1951-52 — Continued ^ B. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Degrees (Men and Women) 1 BIENNIAL SUF O M o «- ® 02 | iVEY O* OF I CO i> EDUCATION, CO • i W WCOON C5 ' i-H ' *o l>- CO »-t ICO iHWTf 195 05 CO CO 0-52 00 i CO Tf t d i iic iN w Cl 1 05 1 ' CO 1 till ' 1 1 1 Mas¬ ter’s and 2d profes¬ sional - " o O W co 18, 779 1 CO ' r-( lO O 05 OO N Tf 05 1 CO N rl -ft C C ^ to ' O 00 00 CO H ■ co at co" i 5,097 hoo^iooohnn ! ^ OhcOhMOCO 1 05 1 1-1 05 CO rH CO 1 O ' 1H Cl" Bache¬ lor’s and 1st profes¬ sional 167,911 73, 339 HOOCOOOOIOOHO a5^co^rcoo5ooco(M C0c0^00^c00500t>» cf co to r^T cT t-T t— 1 OrHN HOS^WONOXNOCN O^NOCOOHCOtOCCCDN to CO cf CO to CO H to" 00 Cl »-h (NHCO lO i-H Regular session Graduate Women = 33,089 19,208 CO i CO i O O 05 Tf CO O iN r O 00 00 Ot rf i »— i ' co Tf co ! csf '< cfcO 5,236 i-HCOHji IIOCONIN i ! rt< JHOOO JJO.H cc^ 1 o IN cf i ! i— T ! t i i Men o at at 59, 792 iO^COhOCONWh ^ COONOOC3WH to Tt< to to CO t-T tC co cf CO H 13,527 OO rf< 00 T* 00 00 to 00 ' O ! CO CO CO to 00 00 to ICO 1 05 O CO ■" cf ! cf ! Undergraduate and special Women at r* w CO O CO 124, 942 3,804 1,344 24, 027 986 6, 037 52, 564 32, 634 2,136 1,410 099 ‘001 OOWOWNOOhhCN (NNrfCMNO»OOOCOO OCaOtOT^COC^COCOr^OOCO t>f P-" co" co" P-" cf cf © to" Men OO 678,588 O s at at !§05coS ir^OOOOCOMO^i-HMi-Ht'-. f-i »" t*T wf cf ONNX co CO 00 o WiOCOO XNCOO^COIO»OCO^IOHHXC1CS CONCOOXNOOJCO»ON^ONX^ COWCOXCOHOiiOiONOOCOiOON ' W 05N*0( IQCO^OWNCO * 05 05 05 CO csTio CO 05 H C owe o » 05 Tj< I XHNcOOO»C»O^XHWiOXNOi XNCOCOONO^OOCOOSNOOCO ^COHOCOCONX^OJOOHIOCO-H CO t-T co wf rd m~ oo co" t*T oo *o *o of CO o co 05 ^ 05 M CO O CM O0 M CO 00 CO r^r^oocor^cocot^oocscot^coMt^M iONON^OWhiChWOCOCON^ NNCONOCONIO^O-HHIONCON TjTof O0cftffof»-fi-ff-rt>f>c‘r-f*cr t'fed ^ CO 00 co co t''- CO CO CO CO H100050 ^ kO C5 00 co co co COHNN wd co *o MCOWO^^OOOOMt^T^COt^C CQ i“« rH 00 »C i~ I0505^HC0’-H'^‘ M i-h C* ^ M CO M CO 1-H CO " C0XC5C0C0Q05CqC0^N»O05N05W (NrHlMOTf-OrHO’HrHOXCSCTrTf »OW t^OO^MiOMiOM^i-lOOr^M 00 CM CO CO CO CO ^ M *o NCOH(NNNNX^NCOcD^OrH(N Mt-h CO^^CO^WNTHCO^OXiOt-i • CM 00 i°°s )N(MHN^O^HOXHCO»OCO >COr^M cx^ co ^ H'doiSi © © 2-S^.f C 05 “ V fre s.5 3® o ’ll £ fc a 5 « 3 <;qWph EE o o \s v o ii m\ a < o w PS Other faculty (re¬ search, exten¬ sion, etc.) Women a 11,672 2,376 A A r* • Women r* 41,099 10, 544 NOHNOOONM QOCOCMOOOC50CO OfHOrHiOOCOMM rH ^ CM 13, 015 2, 456 939 981 913 1,179 1,218 1,314 502 204 2, 036 199 1,074 Men - at •a 44, 146 OOWOCOOJOTjiiOO HiO^O^XON»Q cm" r-T cm" oo" cT 41,015 ^OoO^OeOOCMHOMO NO^ONMhONO^^ OONCM^NOM^HiON cTco"CM CM CM CM Administrative Women 6,080 1,767 OOCOONHNON 05 CO ^ CM »— 1^»0»0 CM rH t>-CO 868 ‘I OONiOHCOOOOOWMO HQiOO^HTPCWX^^ CM H Men w 40 4, 458 OOOOOOOr4C5 05 00 COOO^CMO^CCMOOO CM O rn CO Tfi 05 rl 4, 550 CMCOrHiOOitOt^CMOicOCMCO HONWOOOCMOOOHOO O Tji CO CM CO CM Tf rH t> CM 1^ I ' k Total (excluding those employed in summer ses¬ sion only) Women eo w eo 14,115 CCCOCMOt^CMOiOOOO hN»0»CCOC050h C5CM05CML-C0C5C0C0 »h CO cm' 18, 224 rHOiOCOCOOCOcOOOOTtiCO CJHOOOOOCOXiOiOXO CM»OcO^*O00t^COCM*OCM*O COHHHHHH CM rH Men N o 1 ao -1\ 55,870 NCOOtOCOOCONO N»OIOCOOOCOOO OONX^OCOHC co cT co' CM co" rH CM rH 54, 350 OOO'OOO'tHNCOOMOHi NCOOOOOJOONCOtOCOCO lOHOOiOOOHXO^NCM t-Tio-^cm »o co »o rH ao ^ cs «8 m c 0 3 -1 S ' I ^ § 5 ll Continental United States - - - Northeast - - Connecticut - - Maine . . . . . M assachusetts _ _ - - - - - New Hampshire . . - - - New Jersey... - - - New York - - - - - Pennsylvania . - . . Rhode Island . . . . . . Vermont _ North Central - - - - Illinois _ _ _ - --- --- - Indiana - - - Iowa _ Kansas _ _ _ _ _ Michigan . . . . Minnesota . . . . - - Missouri . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . North Dakota _ _ _ _ - . - Ohio _ _ _ _ — . . South Dakota . . . . . . Wisconsin - - . - HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 1 lssllSSSails!ll! g iO o i 'SS ^ a llllllsllilsills 1 i IIISIIbsIsI 8 § 8? ’ll of«-7 M w i-feo-^^eo of«-7eor>7ei .-7 r tCof ^%7(N -7 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (“technological,” “theological,” and “other”), separate data for which are not presented in this Table 5. — Faculty, by type of position and by sex, institutions of higher education, by region and by State: 1951-52 — Continued B. UNIVERSITIES 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Summer Session, 1951 Total teaching staff mm a < Women *3 05 CO 1, 115 O50N^(DO7H1OOO hhOhhgON i-h i-H 1,465 N«ONM00HfflX>0!0 00 OJ-S'CO'^T^fOINlO i-c CO hhh .05ic»005t0c0t0 M O ^ Cl *C ^ *h 05 CO CO to ^ 1-H T*1 CO CM »o CM Men © 3? *0 e* CO O CO OO t^t^icrr-totor-coCM O-HOO^OOCOOOCSr^ CM~CM~ 10, 612 2,190 1, 140 1,014 572 749 1,418 1, 234 301 00 © CO 00 CM Noncollegiate in¬ structional Women cs 377 141 i i i ^ i i 170 to CO 00 to CM Men QO *3 3* 392 31 05 i N ^ i i 31 1 O *0 1 1 799 345 23 2 CO CM O CM CO H H O r-4 CM 69 Collegiate instruc¬ tional, including critic teachers Women - 14,087 4,298 153 41 335 35 91 2, 530 872 93 148 5, 089 O O to to CO CM CO 05 CM Tt< CO CM C7 to to 00 1-H 00 CO 00 CM CM OO^COCO'V'^Ort C5 CO Men CO 81,883 26,842 CQ CO N CO Cl Oi >-< fH Tf rnOiOOOCOOOOJCO - 05 05 CM to CM 00 CO 3* 00 1 CMOOCOi-HtO COCO 00 CM Men - 5,911 2,218 (NNWOOCO^^COCO NCSOCONCO-hiOCO CO ihNCO 1,812 to CO CO O ^ 00 05 05 00 CM NNOOONtO»ON CM r-i O CM i-H *—» i-t CM t-h I Total (excluding those employed in summer ses¬ sion only) Women 23,309 6,296 tO©i— - CO 00 05 CO CM CO Men 3* 113,090 35,091 NNNiOOiNOOOrH 'cct^r— C5 OCOONOIX-HNCO t-H CO H' TjT OO 36, 110 7, 537 3, 869 2,937 1,887 3, 721 2, 498 3, 754 1,356 152 5, 109 156 3, 134 Region and State 1 Continental United States . . Northeast.. _ Connecticut . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . ... New Hampshire _ _ _ New Jersey. . . . . . New York- . . . . . Pennsylvania . . . . Rhode Island . . . ... _ _ Vermont . . . . North Central . . . . . . Illinois.-. _ _ _ _ Indiana.. . . . . . . Iowa. _ _ _ _ _ Michigan . . . . .. Minnesota _ _ _ _ Missouri . . . . . . Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ Ohio South Dakota Wisconsin . . . . . . HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES CM H OSMWOh COOh(NWhN COOOOCD'^OIMhoOtJ' oocoooowa^oioo »-H o »-H (N(NCOH >CCOOt''-CO*-<»Or'^CM»CCO IOONhM t^005» o W5hNChOC5C5C5ONO0CiO^05 CC w^io-h(N'-cc^cc;xc;c5iOph^ o r-t CO CM O ^ t*i 00 co*o O CO CM cr;t^iO^(MOCOO*— W(NO CCOkOrtOONO'-'COO OOM«ONNWCDNNN^»Or- fe tyC-G'w ° •E* ® ® .= S _. „ £ o £ cl =3 3 UIT © cd VE' CD X { OF EDUCj 00 C5 W O N CO Oi iOnOCCO'tO »-h CM CM \T] i »o • co [ON 1 CM CD ° cm' , 1950-52 2,617 CM 00 Men cm 11,810 2,020 GO CD ^ CO OH CO cm co cm co oo 1-t T-H HND I SOI 3, 043 l§883SSSag88 4, 719 Regular Session Other faculty (re¬ search, exten¬ sion, etc.) Women 209 52 ^ Jh co 52 t? i i 284 70 21 7 4 16 21 1 29 61 48 6 769 co Men eo o ! eo 342 CM r-l Tt< CD CO -M 05 !© i II s o 1, 446 Noncollegiate in¬ structional Women 501 co oo ;t- ; ;-H00 lO 00 n* CO TJ4 CD !o ' CD CM CM CO i , T-H 341 CD Men CO 1C CO CM ! GO ! !h^ 1 1 1 cm 1 • 1 149 204 CO Collegiate instruc¬ tional, including critic teachers Women o 13,819 3, 044 C5t>-CMC5CDi-©OOCO OO CO »C rn N N N t-h CM CO 1,511 1,566 § Total (excluding those employed in summer ses¬ sion only) Women co CM 3, 761 O CO O CO OC rH rf O r-'CCNOOONNHiO CM 00 CM CO Oi 4, 879 28S88SSS*iS6 ,-T 6,756 I uz Men N 1 c* 8,043 t^iOOrfr^cDCOCMCO rHCOONr-CODrHTf CD CM O CD CO ^ CM 1-T CM cm“ 9, 349 llllSliSllSI 10, 756 is Region and State ! Continental United States _ _ Northeast _ _ _ _ Connecticut _ _ _ Maine _ . _ _ _ _ Massachusetts. _ _ _ New Hampshire . . New Jersey _ _ _ New York. _ _ _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ _ xvnuuc i&imiu _ _ _ _ _ _ Vermont _ North Central.. _ Illinois _ _ ... Indiana _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Iowa.. _ _ Kansas Michigan... . Minnesota. _ _ _ _ _ Missouri _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ North Dakota.. _ _ Ohio _ South Dakota _ _ _ _ _ Wisconsin - - - South _ _ _ _ .. Alabama _ _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 67 TEACHERS COLLEGES 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Total teaching staff Women CO S I tO eo | 508 OOOOOrrNNrf CC 1 CO 1,462 {NlOOOOrHOCOOCOO^O | (NO^O^COOOON^OOCl rH rH CO 1 Men *> CO 1 to *0 05 CO 00 «0 -H CO ^ 05 05 t- b- -H OO^HCO^?D£g>eO I 1,986 CONOOOOOCOiONNOOOO (NCOOOCOfNNNiHNrHrHCO C0 1— • hNhNh hN Other faculty (re¬ search, exten¬ sion, etc.) Women - co co eo Is r>- IiOINNNOOH rH i (N C 1-1 Its i C* j Noncollegiate in¬ structional Women 05 616 CO o ' oo 1 co » l''- o *o »— • cnSoc; l-3 IN Oi N C « 00 00 00 »C CO j : : . '-aKj se :J?gccv1iS5B £ £S *3% I Sm° § d C £ -§ m3 % ’I, Js d j§ £ 2 ~ _ ^•2’i ° 1 ©1 ^ os "3 1 1 JUNIOR COLLEGE 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 3 Summer Session 1951 Total teaching staff Women eo 1,014 § 05 co 179 ^OOONO i iOJh CM CM CO CM i CO ii fH • i i jj % 05 05 et 160 co 00 12 44 53 4 238 H^IOOW ItHOO 1 IHIO CO CM t*< iNh 1 1 1 1 1 Regular Session Other faculty (re¬ search, exten¬ sion, etc.) Women 3 303 3 co ! t-t 1 CM CM CO CM 40 1 II 1 1 1 I 1 CO 1 1 00 CO CO 40 1 1 1 1 1 ii CM i i i i i Men O 830 129 CM i CM CM o 40 ii i i i i i CM i i CM O CO i i i i i ii r— l CO i i i i i Noncollegiate in¬ structional Women 05 05 4Q hONN ! CO iO rH . CO 40 05 i co i co r*- oo rn ^ co i-h oo co ^ i »-i i Men 00 863 - nhoo 00 CO lO 00 CM 05 40 1 05 40 H 05 CO o H CO CO CO 1 COHHN CO r-H i Collegiate instruc¬ tional, including critic teachers Women - »0 *0 655 rH CO O CS O N CM r-l CM co 8 ■^054000COrH05N^rHN»0 t-rH0540COOOCOCO»-Hr-4CMCO CM i-H r-H r-H CM Men O 05 CM CO _ 1-437 000*0 COrfOOt-HiOtgOOCOT-H 00 o^coo5ooocooocooon «COOWO«^40 05HIO Administrative Women 40 834 174 ^ CM CO Tt< 00 00 CO to r-H Tfl CM 40 1— 1 147 (D^afflMoooTi-nT)<®^ Men r* co 279 r^ooi-HCOcoicc*T*o (NHIO Tt^ 05 CO 40 05 CO 00OC04OrfiC0Tt<4OC0C5C005 NH^TflCCrHXHrH CO Total (excluding those employed in summer ses¬ sion only) Women - 6,198 826 oocot^t-i^r^05cOi-H HiOHWt^OOO co CM CO 1, 461 ^0540rHNC0H0l40 40NO SH§222§COHHWN Men 10,970 CO 2‘°cCHhSh:°H 2,189 40 h 05 co 05 co o o o cm 1 Tji«C0NC0NC0»O05O(N00 40 CM CM CM h CO r-l 5*. 5 02 n O So'Sc ££te.2-gg e <3222 ® Ofl QK HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 3 6 17 93 8 78 33 10 16 165 17 11 i ir" 30 11 10 1 s 23 £ 23S3 1,068 811 36 7 126 73 11 4 40 »o S3 j 05 i-H 4 4 2 2 8 1 1 ^5^ i" • C5 05 C5 § co ! !23w i 1 4 412 3 102 45 19 14 13 isi^SSSJSS i 8 s is- i i-H ! i ! I I rf< S3 S300 1 103 6 7 2h c5 ! 1 i §S2S88£8££ S8 1,493 15 1,179 86 20 18 SSS10 CD o 2,216 | 73 73 7 66 166 76 S88S8§gs* 2 3, 462 69 2, 683 128 28 37 26 188 113 187 13 15 3 I 0«5CO®00^ 6 44 57 18 18 10 55 33 8 28 § 3 101 13 3 1 CO O »0 »-H CO O 5 1 e0g$5'0'0 05 0 05 S3 ef 31 46 8 48 112 200 S||SSgg8S § 1,759 21 1,378 96 23 20 CD O 1 ef 99 91 8 65 229 87 sssgsssa* 2 1 HT cc 39 224 162 238 35 3 3 I i community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult edi Resident Collegiate Students in Reguiar Session 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 ~o 03 g 1st time in any college Women - GO © § CO 2, 350 917 7, 351 810 3, 216 19, 137 8, 098 997 890 980 ‘T9 11, 223 5,487 4,022 3,840 7, 099 4, 874 6, 129 2, 067 1, 154 9,985 910 4, 296 62, 761 3, 215 1,870 234 Men O 319, 126 76, 692 4,741 1,347 12, 784 1,562 6, 851 30. 474 15, 680 2, 009 1,244 91, 057 18,010 9,381 5, 288 5,116 11, 781 6, 273 7, 831 2,695 1,530 15, 549 1,252 6, 351 84,340 3,864 2, 953 401 3d week of fall term 1951 2 Women a* w ■ w 193,856 r^ CSOCcO^OOJOJthNOOCOH OOONOOOOCJOCOhON ^t^c^ooo^oocdcsfooc^T* tjhhhhcshh co rH 195,164 10, 679 5, 855 918 Men CO 1, 390, 740 413,942 tHCOCDC^OOOcOcoi^a>a>otOTj4 at co at oo *-< • CO 190,974 36, 999 17, 637 11, 938 10, 021 24, 604 15, 370 16, 684 5, 759 2, 274 33, 277 2, 085 14, 326 190,270 10, 418 5, 690 801 Men - O a* •o' e* 328,408 1 20, 070 4, 740 53, 402 5, 689 24. 446 136, 571 72, 669 6, 723 4, 098 354,829 71, 240 36, 702 20, 116 17, 569 48, 923 23, 451 28, 712 10, 421 3, 874 65, 759 4,115 23, 947 330,369 16,'821 9, 515 1,518 Region and State - Continental United States _ Northeast _ _ _ _ Connecticut . __ . . Maine.. . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . New Hampshire... . . . . New Jersey . . . _ _ _ _ New York . Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island . . . Vermont _ _ _ _ _ _ North Central . . ... Illinois . . Indiana... _ _ _ _ Iowa... . . . . Kansas.. . . . Michigan _ . _ _ _ Minnesota. . Missouri . . . x\eDrasKa _ _ .. . North Dakota _ _ _ _ Ohio _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ _ Wisconsin.. . . South . . Alabama _ _ _ _ Arkansas _ _ .. . . Delaware _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES IsslSllsillli § WWWM(NNU5WW*-OM»d«««O^N CO S s' ISgllallSIl ho«‘hh t-icomto 1 § e* §s|s IllslsSsssils 1 o'^'OT-j'cj'tCootCcoweq® cT 1 •o lsIis§§Slsl rfoO B : I 8 S I 3 5 I I I 302643—55 - 6 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 O <✓» >s I - •s $ N & I a ££ I O M ^ 1° is & gsd 2Wo M si H > 03 z; H w Hfl® g & ps wen 3 « CO O 1 05 N CO *-H 8S3g IN«0)0<0| 05 ^ 00 GO r-i f-H ^ 40 00 05 Tt< ^ o < COtJihN-^hW* (NNWNO^CO< ONOOOOOO^O ^CO^NNOOOOCOpH WONCOOWOOOJH 2??! 05^0 >sOiOO^N( 1 S c5 ’~1 lrt CO y-4 05 < 00 3 S 05 C eo r>^ oo ^ » i CC N h O O icoothcoio • csoco»o»o 'COC5QO‘00‘0 )(Nrn^HOOHlO I 05 05 ^ rH iOO‘ON05C5005NhC5CO MOOO^OOC1*OCONOON COMCCOO^^HO^OOH 05 © ^CO'ioVT© Ofi-H 05 CO 55 » ^>5 .SS'S a s llJ 3 aW as pp§H£><&>®o « .a g is-S'SS? ° §||S-sgl£ Oi5l2 ® « ® §-P <3 W 3^ ? * HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES SS3a3§S13S3SS 2 «*a S3 11— sSalaiSi8ilisS8§ s ’ll of 22*15! I|g|ll=l!l§sl3§* 1 ~ «f.O 0“U3 «Iia «NCO 1!§IS llilllllillsilll g giSllSHSIl SSi ,-r ISSallSRlIISlIll I ®wVeV'(NNef®M«V®VMV « liiiSsiiisi =s-c%-r « ®®\-r ms II gSssiilsHSilg I IIIs! SSS55 ss Is SllilSillllll s ^co oooo co"cfco f-Ti-T rC Tf NH COh CS fH 1 968 ‘m 4,016 3, 013 1,534 12, 908 1 Special and unclassified Women - co CO 25,057 150 26 3, 050 49 23 16, 551 5,004 41 163 14, 201 3,234 416 291 106 2,296 2,417 176 126 4, 848 17 274 5,097 OS OO COHN Men CO os 39,064 321 46 4.487 49 66 25, 405 8, 632 8 50 23, 092 ONO^OH m COOONiOlO • • »CCOH os M eo~ CO !• 4,940 261 30 8, 836 5 915 7,808 87 17 110 Graduate Women kf$ 45, 368 17,868 ONNtOOOOWNH CO OWOHOSOJN CS CO OO *“H t-T csTco 13, 463 COD^OOHTtKNCOWHD OcCON-^iOCOCiCOHCO ONXNWlOOrH OO CO' f-T CO" r-T rH 8,346 OOO^^ co cs »o »-t rr f-i CO £ <0 135, 606 50,909 05»OON COOOX’CONNM^D »OH00NlOHO5Tf< 00 DCONOONONCOO O oo »o csf r-T oo" co co tiT co" 21,504 COCO*-H o* CD CD CD CO Undergraduate Women co CO 71,067 | o>c*coor^ost^aoo* CO rH 1C (N OO (N N 1C 05 ^NOOOSiOOkOCOOi T CO cm" rn" CO rH cm" rH CM .S-a s * * * g'S a o c a> 0,5^ « S ® §,i-i COt» QC tT CM ICOH*OCONOC O Xhh?on^cc^ co MCSrHrjlC'J^rHCS CM O r-» 00 ^ cm (NNNrf N(N -HTf O N C O (N X O (M iO 88' iNOOOTWO^t- - ihO; 'GOHCCC^OCOwCO^dcCNf ONCOC^OO^OiOiOCOXI CM O CO ^ oo q co oa CO CM ^ CO 1 , O • o gal : Hmc3;3CSc>;3c3c/:'-'o',-'l« c3 S £-3 tc3'S^5fi£ 2 £> ?5 c« — ' ' • x >>■ o CJ •— J-I •— L‘ w *> “ C3 Tr r; t o s s s j; £’£«,2sj«ok350'*§33£!^ 'S’o, I -IS M s d-a <)OD aBf te &s-s| 3 c © ® 2.3 35 ^ JN.„ _ S-g^S 2 c ^ 3 ,2 3 os 3 o ^ o csi co CO CO CO rH ^ CO 00 ic I^OOOOXN^OCO uoTt^iog^ooc^cooco HCOC1W»ONHHH CO N»C05>Oc000M>OO’^NO »0 COOOJOO^OSCNCOGONrH §si!§iii8i"l$ ^H^rti0 05000»0 CO »O(N^00 00H Cl N GC CS (N NH00O 00 Oi *-< *0 ' >C 00 C5 00 CO »C CO CO -JCOCOHOONN^O 05 iO 40 fH rH CO 00 »o CO TtT 00*00 *o COCOOCOOOIOOOH 00^0050050)0000 H CO Cl Cl Cl 40 CO rH t-T 1-T H to igsissssggsg «5 ci r-T r-T «C g,ss § © © §,£3 fe HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 85 t> 5 Data from Fall Enrollment in Higher Educational Institutions, 1961. Circular 328, Office of Education. 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 e o c .o '5> o >- ~o D U a “D O W c to -c 0f> HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 87 S3 i i i | i i i j i j : 1 a j j j j j i i i i i ! i i ! i t • ; ; 9 mil i i i i i . ; j : ; ; : : i j i i ; i i ' CO 00 8 Si; i i 1 MQ '■ ^ '■ ! • c ■ co • • • P i : i i i i i§ i i! : js | s | j i iss g i i j j 1 iN • • • 1 i M ia j j- § i : 1 s g i Mr § 1 15,5881 g§ i i§ hn j : 1 : ilel :!s n i — T h Inc |S3g 3 o' S o g a ia ia i of : | : i of | ; 7,377 SI ; i i PS IS: a 1 a is is i ; ,-r ; ; § P i is 5 Sill ill | i E i 1 I ji |§S § ! ! s P i iS i ;§§§§ isi s ! i a i S a 1 iis i i i I ooo j jg N»C»OOJON j 00 1 S"* « § s ! a N IS | j* B8SSS! ;l 1,587 22 417 18 § of § I is jl§ 1 j ; South — Alabama . . Arkansas . . . - . Delaware . - - - Florida . . - . - . . Georsla - - - Kentucky - - - - Louisiana . . . . Maryland.. - - Mississippi.. . - . . North Carolina . - . . . Oklahoma . . . . . — . South Carolina _ _ _ — - - Tennessee.. . - . . . --- Texas . . . . . Virginia . - . . West Virginia - - - District of Columbia - - i California . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . Idaho . . . . Montana - - - Nevada . . New Mexico . . . . . - - - Oregon . . . . utan . . . . Washington - - - - Wyoming . . . . U. S. Service Academies . . Out! vine nnrts nf the United States. . . Alaska - - - - - Canal Zone . - . . . ITawaii _ - - - Puerto Rico - - - - i Data from Fall Enrollment In Tlioher Educational Institutions, 1951. Circular 328, Office of Education. 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 89 .a 5 .5 s is tc O 03 03 03 03 £0 03 £g 'OO || ^ 3 ca-te 03 -Jg ’S s .G 03 03 e *» e ,si 5| II OJ2 CS w* 55 o E5 'Z2 R.S I« p «a JUNIOR COLLEGES >— Continued 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 c» o to ■£> ~a c o H p < o . O Jtf OS' °»2 Eh E- m OC® ges *2.2 ’o S) o o is s O 2 § g-o §§ s II s CO OC CO »ON T-4 ms ^ICWIOW^OOJOJ NOhOCCW^ % fi'SS ° 2.2 1 o a £'£% X? !> •--* •-— < •>— < qa c •r Alabama. HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 91 92 1 O I «o t v o “2 4 :s 1 9! ~o 1 o &) I 1 'S 1 Jt Professional School Architecture w Graduate 25 Z IAL SUR eo o .VE CO o> Y C 133 hrj SDUC • to 00 i to A t: iop to 00 NT, 1 o> tO - • to u- 1 lO Tt< 1 1 2,360 CM 00 00 O 1 . CO to to 1 rH rH I r- CM *5 i Agriculture Graduate Women os O eo CM CO i CO CO CO IHCO t i i i CM rH i i l 05 Men 00 5,013 00 I- 1 1 i o o u- i cm , ^ c O o “C «N c lo O I JO o (X c o “d £ w. O c icooho^co IHCDHlOOfO o ^ 00 r- o iC(NC3COCDN CO CO " CO r— 1 CO ' co TaTaT '»C05fO»OHCOHC > CO t-H 05 C* OJfCOO^^OOrHNNOiOJ CCGCphNC^O^WcOcD 00000^)CNCOW»rtC5 )NWfOrH05Ni (X^C^ wco- >C5NrHNCO»0 HiOGtiNt-iNGOC t-T csT 05 ci co rf Ort* C.Ot}- O CO CO “o c c fcl .c c ’5 s g C « H £ m ® o C-| | & & ES g O S 0,2 <5 ® ® ® 8-c « 2.2 =3 0 c ^ 2 5 g w <3 § s is •Si* .2 HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 97 See footnotes at end of table. Professional School 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 “O e D c o '& o -o cs o o u 3 “O » CO Xt1 CO Is* rH 00 MS X*T 6, 725 317 1 9 Men eo 84, 659 24, 270 OOrfOJCM^WOJNO NO^HCONOiOCD CO 05 NNfOO -T co o co 24, 487 9, 215 2,210 1,751 1,293 1,815 1,408 2, 974 160 74 2, 549 44 994 21, 897 1,631- 226 132 Pharmacy Graduate N CO s 00 o fZ ^ ms MS CM 00 o CO NONOOOMSHOHHHN ^ CO CM CM CM xt< 05 CO 1 1 1 1 1 Undergraduate Women - 1, 658 475 40 2f 05 Tf 00 FH CM 00 ms CM 497 n^h^onh^ms»o»o^ CMCOCOrHCOCMCO^i-HCOrHCO 407 CO MS CM Men 15,617 5, 041 252 (M CO 350 2, 335 1,527 145 4,624 NCONMSMSOTt- CO MS 1 CM II CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Is CM Medicine Graduate Women 37 »o 62 i 05 !>• icon CO 00 05 1 III O 1 CM rH 00 CM MS 1 1 1 rH 1 III 1 ill 228 co Men 36 MS •HH w cs 00 co 00 O CO 1 00 o CO Tfi 1 CM co i MS CM 1, 316 CM IcOHOOHCON ! rH l CM rH 05 CM • X*H 1 — l 1 00 1 723 CM O CM rH Undergraduate Women MS eo 1,795 708 32 67 _ _ 908 965 552 HO^OO^COHCOCOHCOCM CM MS rH 00 05 CO CO CO x* CO 382 00 MS Men s O w 7,025 276 CM CO i 00 05 rt CM i»ON i-H [ CO i-H ; CM" CM 9, 078 t^rt^COOOt^CMMSCO^COr^CM OOO05H00(N(NNOC0N Ot^^^^MSOSCO H SO cm" TH TH 8,862 CO 05 CO o CM CO 50 a o c3 a ■S3«S-S: fll g,g.SMSSS!z;fc©< cs « g S w g cs g & .*=>3=3 <1^0 HIGHER EDUCATION— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 99 Appendix Form RSS-W1 Bwl gtt Boretn No. Gl-R14t.l. SxdIkm Jua« SO. lOSt. Offie* of Education Washington, D. C PART I— STATISTICS OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION— STAFF AND STUDENTS FOR YEAR JULY 1. 1951-JUNE 30. 1952 I Thi* report include* S _ branch** located aft- ^ . R _ - - - - - — - c _ _ . - T _ (Name and location of institution) _ _ _ _ A _ GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS An institution which maintains two or more schools of collegiate grade on one campus or served by one post office (as, for example, liberal arts, music, engineering, etc.) should include all schools in this report. An institution maintaining one or more branches at separate post offices from the parent institution should show clearly whether this report includes or excludes the branch school or schools. SCHEDULE A. — STAFF This schedule provides for the itemization of the staff according to duties. It is possible for one person to be reported more than once, for example: As librarian and professor (1 and 2a), as resident and extension instructor (2a and 8), as college teacher and as secondary teacher (2a and 2b), etc. (Omit clerical and custodial employees.) Item 3 includes all members of the staff engaged in professional activities not specified in (2a) and (2b). Clerical, custodial and other nonprofessional staff should not be reported on this form. Men Women Total A. Regular Session : 1. Administrative _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. Resident instructional: a. College, professional, graduate, including critic teachers . . . . . . . b. Noncollegiate (those not teaching courses of college grade) . . . . . 8. Other faculty (research, extension, etc.) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. Unduplicated total (NO PERSON COUNTED TWICE) . . . . . . . 5. Full-time equivalent of total in line 4 . . . . . . . . . B. Summer Session : 6. Total teaching staff, including those from regular staff and special summer SCHEDULE B.— RESIDENT STUDENTS— SUMMER l»51 7. Total number, collegiate grade only (omit noncollegiate) - - - - - - SCHEDULE C— CORRESPONDENCE. EXTENSION. AND SHORT-COURSE STUDENTS— ENTIRE YEAR Items 8 and 9. — Report all students enrolled in correspondence or extension courses, regardless of whether such courses are administered through an extension or home-study division or not. 8. Correspondence: a. Collegiate _ _ _ _ _ _ b. Noncollegiate _ _ _ _ 10. In short courses (4 days or more, but less than one term) _ _ _ .... „ . — 11. Individual instruction only (music, art, radio, etc.) _ _ _ _ — - — . . . (Over) 101 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 SCHEDULE D— STUDENTS INSTRUCTIONS Resident Students. — Students attending classes or lectures conducted by the regular colleges and schools on the campus. Resi¬ dent students may be either boarding students (living in college halls) or day students (having lodgings off the campus). Special Students. — Students taking collegiate work, but not enrolled for a degree or diploma. ITEM3 12-26. — Classify enrollments by college, school, or equivalent units in which students have primary enrollment and not by department. Enrollments are for the regular session only. Item 12. — Report all students under the jurisdiction of the college of arts and sciences and other nonprofessional schools (liberal arts or other corresponding title) regardless of whether the students may be majoring in some professional department (commerce, education, etc.). Item 12 also includes graduate students majoring in arts and sciences, but does not include graduate students majoring in professional subjects even though the graduate school may embrace both arts and sciences and professional subjects. Items 13-24. — Report all students enrolled in professional schools, colleges, or equivalent units in which students have primary enrollment. Professional school work, presumably leading to a specialized diploma or degree may be on either the graduate or undergraduate level, depending not upon whether the student has a baccalaureate degree before entering upon the pro¬ fessional courses but upon whether the baccalaureate degree involved study in the professional field. Do not report students enrolled in undergraduate colleges of arts and sciences even though such students are majoring in the departments listed in items 13-24. All graduate students in professional subjects should be listed under professional schools even. though the work may be administered by a more inclusive graduate school. In the columns 2 and 3, “In curricula leading to first professional degree,” report, among others, students who already have an A. B. or B. S. degree in arts and sciences, but are working for their first degree in a profession. (This includes the degree of M. D., D. D. S., and other doctorates, if a first professional degree). RESIDENT STUDENT ENROLLMENT— REGULAR SESSION SEPTEMBER-JUNE SCHOOL OH COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE GRADUATE SPECIAL Men Women Men Women Men Women (1) (Z) (3) «> (S) (6) »T> 03 g t, a ^ 8 NNL* tO iL SURV g | s EY OF EDUC1 tOCOCOrHt^^05rHC* LTI( S8 )N, 1950-52 t>- ei co ca ea o r-i CO CO CO 104 tOOl rH fH o Publicly controlled m | m COCO CO O* rH 102 CO rH UO ^ O 05 05 I fH HHH 1 1 1 1 CO 00 Independently organized professional schools Other Privately controlled CO 136 42 C*rH05 NO'#'# ! tO 18 1 1 ^ iO 1 1 05 CO 8 Publicly controlled $5 ® || CO CN 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i 1 l i i i i l 1 l l I i i Theologi¬ cal schools, Privately controlled - 118 &T S| IS Massachusetts _ New Jersey _ _ _ New York . . j'C l| ■ a U Si Vermont _ _ North Central _ Illinois-.. _ _ ... Indiana . . . . a c I Michigan _ .. _ Missouri. . . .. Nebraska. . . ... i I cc i i! 1 i o 5 i \P !cJ£ ;ol Wisconsin . . . South _ _ _ _ A rkansas Delaware . . . . HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical Institutes, and other non-degree-granting institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 greater than that of 1,788 for 1947-48 by 44, or 2.5 percent. These figures do not include the institutions in Alaska, Canal Zone, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico, since social and economic conditions in those jurisdictions are so different from those prevailing in continental United States that comparisons of higher education on a purely statistical basis would be misleading. In 1951-52 the educational and general income of all higher educational institutions in continental United States amounted to $2,020,878,169 (table 1); this was 10.2 percent more than the corresponding income of $1,833,845,525 reported in 1949-50. During the same two-year period the educational and general expenditures of these institutions increased 12.6 percent; the value of their physical plant (including funds set aside but not yet spent for plant expansion) increased 28.1 percent; the total amount of their endowment and other nonexpendable funds increased 14.9 percent; and the amount of private contributions to expand these funds increased 43.8 percent. Growth of Large Institutions In Section I of the present chapter reference was made to the growth of large institutions. Thus, whereas in 1869-70 the average enrollment of students of college grade was fewer than 100 per institution and as late as 1899-1900 was still under 250, in 1951-52 it was more than 1,250. This great increase in student -body was more than matched by a great increase in the physical holdings of institutions. The total amount of money invested in buildings, grounds, equipment, and permanent funds in 1900 was less than $300,000 per institution. By 1951-52 this average was well over $5,300,000 per institution. Not only did the average financial strength of institutions increase; the previously noted concentration of strength in a relatively small group of institutions continued. The number of institutions reporting physical properties (buildings, grounds, equipment) amounting to $25 million or more per institution rose from 32 in 1950 to 45 in 1952. Of this latter number, no fewer than 39 reported plant values of not less than $30 million each. The total value of plant reported by these 39 institutions came to $2,089,290,544. The top 36 of this group (2.0 percent of all institutions) reported plant worth $1,997,740,436, or 31.8 percent of the national total of $6,373,194,848. Thus it appears that 2 percent of the higher educational institutions in the Nation had nearly 32 percent of the plant and equipment. Further analysis of the data shows that the largest 18 (just 1 percent of the total number) held just over 20 percent of the total plant and equipment. Of these 18 institutions, 10 are publicly controlled; of the 8 under private control, 3 receive some State^and Federal funds. A similar fisting of institutions with the largest amounts of endowment HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 5 (not including funds functioning as endowment, annuity funds, or student loan funds) shows that 18 institutions had just 45 percent of the national total. This list includes 4 institutions under public control and 14 which are privately endowed and managed. When total permanent and quasi-permanent assets of institutions are considered, it appears that no fewer than 34 have assets of this type totaling $40 million or more per institution. This group of institutions includes 18 under public control and 16 under the control of private foundations or boards. The total assets of the entire group of 34 institu¬ tions come to nearly 3K billion dollars and comprise 35.5 percent of the total of $9,745,868,464 held by all institutions in the Nation. Further analysis of these data, which are not reproduced here, indicates that 26.4 percent of the national total of all permanent assets of higher education is held by 1 percent of the institutions. Even more striking is the fact that just over 10 percent is held by 4 institutions, of which 2 are privately and 2 are publicly controlled. Institutions for the Higher Education of Negroes Higher educational institutions attended predominantly or exclusively by Negroes, located for the most part south of the Mason-Dixon line, followed the same general trends as were followed by higher education as a whole. The number of these so-called Negro institutions decreased by 1 and the number of students likewise decreased somewhat. The finances of the Negro institutions showed increases, however: 11.3 percent in income for educational and general purposes and 14.8 percent in expendi¬ tures for those purposes. The value of their physical plant increased 4.5 percent and the amount of endowment and other capital funds held by or for them increased 30.0 percent. Private benefactions to these institutions also increased at a rapid rate: those for increase of permanent funds, 29.1 percent; those for current purposes, 29.9 percent; and those for expansion of the physical plant, 59.8 percent. Expenditures increased as a general rule, those for plant expansion, for example, being 38.2 percent greater than those for 1949-50. Expenditure for research was the notable exception to this tendency, a decrease of nearly 32 percent being reported for this item. Data at hand do not permit an easy explanation for this decrease. The comparatively small size of these institutions is underscored by the fact that although they are 5.7 percent of the total number of all institutions of higher education in the country (table B), in no item of finance as reported to the Office of Education do they account for more than 4.7 percent of the national total. As a matter of fact, in no item of current income or expenditure do they report higher than 3.6 percent of the national total. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table B. — Finances, institutions for the higher education of Negroes: 1951-52 [In thousands of dollars; i. e., 000 omitted] Item All higher education Institutions for the higher education of Negroes Number or amount Percent of all higher education > 2 3 4 Total number of institutions _ 1,832 104 5.7 Current income. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $2, 562, 451 $65, 209 2.5 Educational and general total _ _ 2, 020, 878 47, 283 2.3 Student fees _ 446, 591 9,882 2.2 Federal Government: For veterans’ tuition and fees _ . _ _ _ 146, 900 2,968 2.0 For other purposes _ _ _ _ 304, 111 3, 297 1.1 State governments-.. . . . . _ 611, 302 19, 290 3.2 72, 013 791 1. 1 Endowment earnings . . . . - _ 112, 859 2,670 2.4 Private benefactions _ .. . _ _ _ 149, 826 5, 498 3.7 Organized activities related to instructional departments _ 136, 442 2, 181 1.6 Other sources _ _ _ 40, 834 706 1.7 Auxiliary enterprises-. _ _ _ _ _ 509, 546 17, 138 3.4 For scholarships, fellowships, and prizes . . . . . 20, 635 373 1.8 Other current income. . . . . _ 11,392 415 3.6 Receipts for plant expansion (all sources) _ _ _ 364, 569 14, 468 4.0 PRIVATE GIFTS AND GRANTS FOR NONEXPENDABLE FUNDS _ .. ----- 96, 160 1,281 1.3 Endowment funds i . . . . . . . . 91, 983 1, 274 1.4 Annuity funds _ _ _ _ 2, 863 2 . 1 Student loan funds. . . . . . . . . . . 1, 314 5 .4 Current expenditures _ _ 2, 471, 008 62, 800 2.5 Total educational and general _ _ 1, 921, 209 44, 293 2.3 Administration and general expense . . . . . 233, 844 6,930 3.0 Resident instruction _ _ _ _ .. .. _ 823, 117 24, 178 2.9 Organized research. _ _ _ _ 317, 928 385 .1 Extension . . . . . . 97, 408 501 .5 Libraries . . . . . . . . . 60, 612 1, 781 2.9 Physical plant operation and maintenance _ _ 240, 446 8, 075 3.4 Organized activities related to instructional departments _ . .. 147, 854 2, 443 1.7 Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 477, 672 16, 420 3.4 Scholarships, fellowships, and prizes. . . . . . . . 39, 272 922 2.3 Other current expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . _ 32, 855 1, 165 3.5 Expenditures for plant expansion _ _ _ _ 409, 080 19, 308 4.7 Property: Total plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds 1 2_ 9, 745, 869 278, 968 2.9 Physical plant and plant funds _ _ _ _ 6, 755, 915 214, 418 3.2 Value of physical plant. _ _ _ _ 6, 373, 195 199, 124 3.1 Unexpended plant funds . . . . . . . . . . 382, 720 15, 294 4.0 N onexpendable funds _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 989, 954 64, 550 2.2 Endowment . . . . . . . . 2, 641, 853 59, 879 2.3 Funds functioning as endowment _ _ _ _ _ 226, 677 4, 206 1.9 Annuity funds.. . . . . . . . 74, 640 58 .1 Student loan funds . . . . . . 46, 784 407 .9 1 1 Including funds functioning as endowment. 2 At end of fiscal year. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 7 It is of course understood that these figures do not include all higher education facilities utilized by Negroes. They include only those institu¬ tions which are attended predominantly or exclusively by Negroes; institu¬ tions attended predominantly by white persons but enrolling Negroes are not included. Institutions in the Outlying Parts of the United States Data on the finances of the higher educational institutions located in Alaska, Canal Zone, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico are to be found in the various tabulations carrying State and regional figures. For example, the educational and general income of the institutions in 1951-52 was somewhat over $14,500,000 and their total current income was nearly $17,000,000 (table 3). Their total receipts intended for expansion of their physical plant were a little over $680,000 (tables 4 and 5). Their educational and general expenditures totaled over $14,000,000, with their total current expenditures amounting to a little more than $15,000,000 (table 7). Expenditures for expansion of their physical facilities (buildings, grounds, equipment, and other physical properties) amounted to well over $2,300,000 (table 8). Since this expenditure exceeded the receipts for this purpose by more than $1,600,000, it may be assumed that the institutions drew on previous balances in their builidng funds, utilized current funds for plant purposes, or otherwise expended for plant purposes funds not originally received for those purposes during the current year. The total investments of these institutions in plant and permanent or semi-permanent funds amounted to nearly $32,000,000, of which $28,939,000 was in the form of plant or funds to be spent on plant. The remaining $2,899,000 was in the form of endowment and other non¬ expendable funds. These figures do not include the Territorial College of Guam, which was established June 30, 1952. INCOME (RECEIPTS) Moneys collected by the business officers at a modern institution of higher education are usually classified into six groups, according to the use intended for these moneys. These groups, known technically as funds, are: current funds, loan funds, endowment and other nonexpendable funds, annuity funds, plant funds, and agency funds. Other funds, of either a permanent or a temporary nature, are created at individual institutions as occasion warrants, but the funds here fisted have been found sufficient for most institutions. Current funds are those which are available for the immediate or recurring needs of an institution. These include salaries; travel of faculty and other employees; purchase of supplies or materials for immediate use 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 in classrooms, libraries, or offices; also purchase of food for dining halls, and similar items, whether for educational or other purposes. These current funds are usually further classified into (1) educational and gen¬ eral funds; (2) auxiliary enterprises funds (formerly spoken of as auxiliary enterprises and activities funds); (3) student aid funds (including a por¬ tion of what were formerly referred to as other noneducational funds); and (4) other current funds.3 Loan funds are those funds the principal of which may he lent to students to help them defray their expenses while in school. In some in¬ stances, funds have been set up for loan to faculty members or other employees of an institution; such funds are often included in this group. If the principal of one of these loan funds is to be invested and only the interest is available for loan purposes, the fund is not properly a member of this group, hut is really a restricted endowment fund. Endowment and other nonexpendable funds are those funds the princi¬ pal of which is to he invested and only the income used for the current purposes of the institution. Endowment funds may be restricted as to purpose (interest usable only for a certain purpose or group of purposes), or they may be unrestricted (income usable for any legitimate activity of the institution). Under normal economic conditions, the principal of an endowment fund or group of funds does not decrease from year to year. Annuity funds are funds acquired subject to the condition that the recipient institution pay a stipulated amount of money annually or at other regular intervals to a designated beneficiary or beneficiaries. (The donor and the beneficiary of an annuity fund are not necessarily the same person.) These payments continue until the death of the beneficiary (the last beneficiary, if more than one for a fund), at which time the principal of the fund becomes the property of the institution. Since most annuity funds are eventually transferred to endowment, many institu¬ tions carry them as part of the endowment fund group. Present practice, however, is to carry them as a separate fund group. Plant funds are those funds which have been or are to be invested in buildings, grounds, furniture, scientific equipment, or other permanent physical properties of the institution. Real estate held for direct educa¬ tional or auxiliary use by the institution is thus part of the plant fund group; real estate held for investment purposes is part of the endowment fund group. Agency funds are those funds which have been left in the custody of the institution by individuals or organizations, hut not expendable by the institution except on written authority from the person or organization concerned. Strictly speaking, they are merely funds on deposit with the institution and are not the property of the institution. For this reason, they are not included in the present report. * This fourth classification will be merged into the other three beginning with 1953-54. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 9 Current Fund Income The total current fund income of all institutions of education in conti¬ nental United States in 1951-52 was $2,562,451,390. This exceeds the 1949-50 total of $2,374,644,948 by 7.9 percent and represents an increase of 26.4 percent over the 1947-48 total of $2,027,050,985. Of the 1951-52 total, $1,375,393,284, or 53.7 percent, was received by publicly controlled institutions and $1,187,148,106, or 46.4 percent, by institutions under private control. Corresponding percentages in 1949-50 were: publicly controlled institutions 52.2 and privately controlled institutions 47.8. (Institutions under joint public and private control are tabulated as privately controlled.) It often happens that current fund income is greater than current fund expenditures. This is because in many institutions income which is not specifically designated as to ultimate purpose is carried in the current fund group until its use is finally determined. Educational and general income. — A recent authoritative volume * * 4 * defines income for educational and general purposes as "all current general income which is available for the instructional, research, and extension and public services programs of the institution, and for general expenses.” These programs and the activities by which they are imple¬ mented are usually spoken of as functions; they will be discussed in some detail in connection with educational and general expenditures. The educational and general income of the 1,832 institutions of higher education reporting in 1951-52 totaled $2,020,878,169. Of this amount, $18^748,581 was received by the five United States Service academies. The net for the 1,827 non-Federal institutions was thus $2,002,129,588, which exceeded the corresponding 1949-50 total of $1,815,831,525 by $186,298,063, or 10.3 percent.6 Per capita income. — One measure of the comparative willingness of the various parts of the country to support higher education is that of current receipts per capita. In the selection of data for a study of this nature, certain measures must be chosen arbitrarily. Thus, per capita may be measured in terms of total population, or in terms of total students enrolled, as well as in various modifications of either of these criteria. Each of these criteria has its faults as well as its merits. In the present report, two measures are used: (1) total civilian population as of July 1, 1951, by region and State (exclusive of armed forces overseas); and (2) total resident college enrollments for the regular session 1951-52, also by region and State. When these are used as divisors against such items as public funds and private benefactions, certain facts develop (table C). 4 College and University Business Administration, vol. I, p. 65. Washington: American Council on Education, 1952. 4 Note that the percentages quoted on pp. 12-25 of this chapter refer to all institutions, where as those used here refer to non-Federal institutions only. 325864—55 - 2 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 In 1951-52 the total contribution of all types of government (Federal, State, and local) to non-Federal institutions of higher education amounted to $7.28 for each civilian person residing in continental United States on July 1, 1951. This is the highest per capita contribution calculated to date; it exceeds the 1949-50 contribution of $7.13 by 15 cents, or 1.2 percent, and is more than 4.6 times the $1.57 reported for 1939-40. This is especially interesting in view of the fact that the per capita income of the Nation in 1951 was only 2.93 times that in 1939. The 1951-52 total per capita contribution to higher education includes $2.82 from the Federal Government (96 cents for veterans’ educational fees and $1.86 for other current purposes). This represents a decrease of 59 cents, or 17.3 percent, from the corresponding figure of $3.41 for 1949-50. Income from State governments, on the other hand, showed an increase: from $3.31 in 1949-50 to $3.99 in 1951-52. Income from local governments also showed an increase: from 41 cents in 1949-50 to 47 cents in 1951-52. Total government contributions in 1951-52 ranged from $3.07 in Maine and $3.25 in Kentucky to $12.83 in Wyoming, $13.52 in Utah, and $15.96 in California, with Nebraska ($7.61) and Wisconsin ($6.93) nearest the national median of $7.13 and the national average of $7.28. Quartiles 1 and 3 (not shown in the table) were $4.92 and $9.94, respectively. Contributions of the Federal Government for general current purposes ranged from 46 cents in Florida and 47 cents in West Virginia to $6.62 in Maryland and $6.95 in Massachusetts, with Missouri and Oklahoma just at the national median of 92 cents. Quartile 3 ($1.85, not shown in the table) was just under the national average of $1.86. This national average was most nearly approached by Nevada, a State which has no privately controlled institutions of higher education. Per capita contributions of State governments increased from $1.15 in 1939-40 to $3.31 in 1949-50 and $3.99 in 1951-52. The 1951-52 con¬ tributions ranged from nothing in the District of Columbia (which is not organized as a State) and $1.31 in Massachusetts to $8.94 in Washington and $10.20 in California. Texas stood nearest both the national average of $3.99 and the national median of $4.25. Quartiles 1 and 3 were $1.78 and $6.44, respectively. Local government contributions increased from 19 cents per capita in 1939-40 to 41 cents in 1949-50 and 47 cents in 1951-52. The largest amount reported ($2.21) was in California, a State which has a large number of locally controlled institutions of the community college and junior college type. Other States reporting more than $1 were Kansas ($1.38) and New York ($1.03). The large amount in New York is, of course, a reflection of the existence of the four large colleges operated by the city of New York. No contribution at all was reported from Rhode Island or South Dakota and contributions of one cent per capita HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 11 Table C. — Current receipts per capita from public sources and from private benefactions , non-Federal institutions of higher education in continental United States , by region and State: 1951-52 Current Receipts Per Capita of Total Population Region and State Public sources Private benefac¬ tions Private benefac¬ tions per student enrolled Total Federal Govern¬ ment for— State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Veterans’ tuition and fees Other current purposes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States _ $7.28 $0.96 $1.86 $3. 99 $0.47 $0. 98 $65.34 Northeast. _ _ 5. 22 1.22 1.59 1.98 .43 1. 21 74.00 Connecticut _ 5. 16 1.03 .76 3.11 .27 1. 75 114. 50 Maine _ .. 3.07 .47 .56 1.95 .08 .18 20.89 Massachusetts _ _ 10. 00 1. 63 6. 95 1.31 .10 2. 22 107. 66 New Hampshire . _ _ 5. 73 .90 1.03 3. 61 .20 1.78 111.86 New Jersey . . . 3. 26 .85 .69 1. 66 .06 .78 93.68 New York _ _ __ 5. 25 1.49 .86 1.87 1.03 1.24 59. 37 Pennsylvania.. _ . .. 4.14 .96 .97 2. 21 .01 .93 71.08 Rhode Island.. _ 4. 94 1.14 1.33 2. 47 .00 .86 65.50 Vermont _ 5. 68 .82 1.32 3.34 .20 .88 45.70 North Central _ _ 7. 92 .79 1.89 4.82 .42 1.17 78.93 Illinois _ _ 11.08 .87 5.06 4. 79 .36 1.57 100.93 Indiana _ _ 7. 75 1.13 .86 5.65 .11 1.08 68.50 Iowa _ _ 10.43 .61 2.32 7.41 .09 1.00 71.33 Kansas. _ _ 9. 08 .88 1. 21 5. 61 1.38 .90 56.43 Michigan _ _ _ _ 8. 51 .68 1.44 5.40 .98 .94 65. 97 Minnesota _ 8. 95 .64 1.51 6.54 .26 1.34 92. 20 Missouri _ _ . . 4. 71 1.01 .92 2. 51 .27 .89 61.80 Nebraska _ _ . . . 7. 61 .49 .86 5.70 .58 .86 64. 22 North Dakota _ _ _ 10.81 .67 1.29 8.73 .12 .20 16. 16 Ohio _ _ 4.44 .63 .71 2. 71 .40 1. 25 79.03 South Dakota . . _ 8. 16 .63 1. 12 6.40 .00 .50 48.59 Wisconsin . . . . 6.93 .86 .78 5.23 .05 1.33 106. 08 South - 5. 72 .76 1. 13 3. 65 .18 .71 56.94 Alabama _ . . _ 5.28 .84 .77 3. 50 .17 .47 47.29 Arkansas _ . _ ... 5. 15 .51 .97 3.64 .02 .52 55.83 Delaware _ _ _ 6.02 .84 1.43 3.72 .02 .74 75. 88 Florida _ 7.73 1.28 .46 5.85 .14 .61 52. 54 Georgia _ _ _ 4. 02 .61 .88 2.43 .10 .78 73. 84 Kentucky _ 3. 25 .60 .60 1.97 .08 .69 69. 51 Louisiana _ 6. 82 .56 .96 5. 21 .09 .66 52.31 Maryland _ ... . .. 11.43 .81 6.62 3. 87 .13 1. 46 104. 67 Mississippi _ _ 4. 61 .42 .81 2. 64 .74 .39 42. 61 North Carolina... _ 4. 62 .43 .91 3. 25 .03 .75 72. 37 Oklahoma _ 8. 36 1. 27 .92 6. 15 .02 .22 13.00 South Carolina _ 4. 18 .41 .71 3.00 .05 .63 64. 89 Tennessee _ 4. 21 .71 .64 2.84 .03 1.07 89.88 Texas. _ 6. 18 .96 .79 3. 96 .48 .60 36. 61 Virginia.. _ _ 3.86 .37 .68 2. 80 .01 .59 61.79 West Virginia _ _ 6.63 .53 .47 5. 61 .02 .12 12.73 District of Columbia _ 9.36 3. 61 4. 95 .00 .80 4.04 87. 61 West _ _ _ _ 13.54 1.28 4. 05 6. 87 1.34 .72 39.38 Arizona. . ... _ 7.90 1. 61 .96 4. 97 .37 .19 11.99 California.. . _ _ 15.96 1.34 6. 26 6.15 2. 21 .73 37.24 Colorado _ _ 11.42 2.04 2. 19 6. 75 .44 .71 32. 36 Idaho _ _ 8. 91 .87 .96 6.54 .55 .51 43. 79 Montana _ _ 9. 53 .91 .99 7. 58 .05 .26 20.24 Nevada... . . . 9. 92 .90 1.84 6. 86 .33 .00 0.00 New Mexico. _ _ . ... 10. 81 .88 2. 58 6. 94 .41 .06 4. 74 Oregon _ _ _ 10.31 1. 24 .68 8. 16 .23 .88 53.24 Utah _ _ _ _ 13. 52 1.80 2.93 8. 72 .06 2.74 95. 52 Washington _ 10.88 .78 .93 8. 94 .23 .67 43. 92 Wyoming _ 12.83 .70 1. 57 10. 20 .36 .00 0.00 Range: Highest.. . . 15.96 3. 61 6. 95 10.20 2.21 4.04 114. 50 Lowest _ _ _ , 3. 07 .37 .46 1.31 .00 .00 .00 Median... 7. 61 .85 .96 4.88 .14 .75 61.79 Source: Population data used in computations are from U. S. Bureau of the Census, Estimates of the Population of States, July 1, 1950 to 1952. Includes persons in the Armed Forces stationed in each State and excludes members of the Armed Forces overseas. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 were reported from Pennsylvania and Virginia. In Arkansas, Dela¬ ware, Oklahoma, and West Virginia the contribution from local govern¬ ments amounted to 2 cents per capita. New Hampshire and Vermont reported the median amount: 20 cents, and Texas (48 cents) was nearest the national average of 47 cents. Private benefactions per capita of total population ranged from nothing in the two western States of Nevada and Wyoming to $2.22 in Massa¬ chusetts, $2.74 in Utah, and $4.04 in the District of Columbia. Arizona, which had reported nothing in this category in 1949-50, reported 19 cents per capita in 1951-52. The average for the Nation was 98 cents, an increase of 22.5 percent over the 80 cents reported for 1949-50 and more than three times the 31 cents reported for 1939-40. Another important, in some respects more usable, criterion is that of number of students of college grade in residence during the academic year (September to June). This criterion ignores the noncollegiate and nonresident student body; it also ignores the fact that many of the more complex institutions do a great deal of work which is not directly con¬ nected with student personnel. Nevertheless, it serves as a useful measure for a large number of institutions. Thus, for every student registered at a non-Federal institution of higher education in 1951-52, private benefactions amounting to $65.34 were received. This figure has fluctuated considerably during the past dozen years. Starting at $27.17 in 1939-40, it rose to $32.82 in 1941-42, and to $57.88 in 1943-44. It then dropped to $43.49 in 1945-46 and to $35.05 in 1947-48, but rose to $44.74 in 1949-50 and to the peak of $65.34 in 1951-52. The 1951-52 figure is 46.1 percent larger than its counterpart for 1949-50 and is nearly 2 % times that for 1939-40. The 1951-52 average of $65.34 and the nationwide median of $60.63, like other figures under consideration at present, represent central tendencies but do not indicate the wide variation among States. This variation was from nothing in Nevada and Wyoming, $4.74 in New Mexico, and $11.99 in Arizona to over $100 in the six States of Illinois (100.93), Maryland ($104.67), Wisconsin ($106.08), Massachusetts ($107.66), New Hampshire ($111.86), and Connecticut ($114.50). Quar- tiles 1 and 3 (not shown in the table) were $40.42 and $77.92, respectively. Percentage analysis of current fund income. — The sources of current income of higher educational institutions for educational and general purposes can be classified as (a) internal, (6) philanthropic, and (c) public or governmental. Internal sources include student fees for tuition and similar purposes, sales and services of instructional depart¬ ments and related activities, and miscellaneous items (such as rent of part of the institutional plant for purposes not connected with its tradi¬ tional educational program, interest on current funds, and other items so infrequent in recurrence or so minor in amount as to make special classi¬ fication impracticable). Philanthropic sources include gifts, grants, dona- HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 13 tions, etc., from individuals or organizations of a voluntary or nonpublic type; bequests; and other contributions of this general type intended for current use (present philanthropy); as well as earnings of endowment and other nonexpendable funds (the outcome of past philanthropy). Public sources include appropriations, tax levies, and other contributions from the Federal Government, State Governments, and from county, city, district, or other local jurisdictions. When the 1951-52 current income of all institutions (including the United States Service academies) is tabulated by control of institution and when these tabulations are analyzed percentagewise certain facts develop (table D): (1) Although only 35.0 percent of the institutions were under public control in 1951-52, they employed 53.5 percent of the faculties, enrolled 50.2 percent of the resident students of college grade, and received 55.3 percent of the educational and general income. (2) Well over one-third (36.6 percent) of the educational and general income of privately controlled institutions was obtained from students as fees for matriculation, tuition, etc.; only one-tenth (10.4 percent) of the corresponding income of publicly controlled institutions was from stu¬ dents. If, however, payment of veterans’ tuition and other educational fees by the Federal Government is added to the payment by nonveteran students, these percentages become 46.5 for private and 15.6 for public institutions. (3) For every dollar paid as educational fees by students themselves at publicly controlled institutions, $2.84 was paid at those under private control. Adding the payments by the Federal Government on behalf of veterans, this ratio became $1 at publicly controlled institutions to $2.41 at privately controlled institutions. (4) For every dollar of endowment earnings received at publicly con¬ trolled institutions, $8.34 was received at those under private control. Of this $8.34, nearly seven dollars was collected by privately controlled universities ($4.71) and liberal arts colleges ($2.27). (5) The increasing importance of contributions by the Federal Govern¬ ment to higher education is a matter of general knowledge, especially among higher education administrators. This contribution amounted to more than $451 million in 1951-52. It was distributed quite evenly: 49.0 percent of it going to publicly controlled institutions and 51.0 percent to those under private control. Division of this income by purpose varied with the control of institutions. Of the $221 million contributed to pub¬ licly controlled institutions, nearly three -fourths (73.9 percent) was for general purposes; but of the $230 million contributed to privately con¬ trolled institutions, only a little over three-fifths (61.2 percent) was for general purposes. These purposes included the offering of instruction in certain specified subjects at land-grant institutions, as well as federally subvened research at various institutions. Table D— Percentage analysis of educational and general income and of total current income , institutions of higher education in continental United States: 1951-52 [Financial data in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 §”2a 3*2 O o 2 s o r-i Q 0} 2 Ph O bfi.S »OOOHIO^OOO nhco ’ oo o ^ m 05coo5CMCMt^cotv 05 id cd ‘nccdd O CM CM iO dciiH CO ONOWOH O 05 00 *4 *HH CONOOHCO^O ! S3 £3 c3 HOON »OOCON CM 05 CM co COCO ^ lO CM 00 O ' CO CO 00 05 c II gig! E3-3 ® o -o S a o H | S>.S ^ CM 05 05 i-H 05 05 00 CM oo i-4 .-4 id th id 1-4 CM O lO CO H CO i CO O CO 1C CO co rti t4 © cd i-4 cd rH NCOCONOJCONlC O ^ CM lO rH CO CO 05 CO CM CO CO CO CO O CM O TS ■ arj ® s * 2 a Ills Ph o bc.y t^-050500^00COCO id ^ co cm id id i-4 00 05 oo ^ 00 05 CO O CM co CO 00 O iv id © cd »d iv co’ cm’ !>. lO ^ CM rt< in ?S ^ i-H O tH CM CO 05 CO CM iO 05 OhOhio(Nt^CO iO 05 H CO O 00 00 Tf 00 CO CO r-T CM CM 05 CO O c© in m < co < oo in co c £§8: o m t-h NhOC^ 'd OT 1.0 a *2 d d fl R $ S ® o > rSlaSas "SS5|SSS-S|o3s .IsalSS&gs-B* toPHHOO 55 O I 'O H .2* 2 09 Es __ o ® |!l | 'O.g-S-M ~g2® |&ls Eh o3fl « Sss .s a-srt flfli-B ® ® S 03 O §3- 2 a a ®.s §.20 2 g £ > gjg § a’3 S§)^5 l-S|>os-§^5 ®raH mPHH pH HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 15 See footnotes at end of table. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 •=-o ■sS ft, c fcJD .s -r3 a a o ft o •4-3 02 P 'P *43 o 02 o T3 02 A i| ST3 ® o 'd 2 g « w § a.a li § §2 § 03 o -o g fl O W § So.S P o o g r , A t"1 o> $!ll o o ^ co 00 OiOTf OiOd O 05 co co CO 05 00 »o 05 co c4 o cd CO 05 IQ 10000*0 HHCqoW*OWiO CO CO 1-j *cd 05^0Nt»*OON 05 1C ^ » c^Tcd I 1C CO O I CD »D id cd t>- t-H £ * t a a ©«g--s M hn h* <1* c n Gk 3 w & ■ ri 11 -a ®Qiod -3 £ »-a 'd 03 ~ 4i ggggSgSb^Sd” lSi| g ‘-SB© K§|§ g«0Q^ KhJHP^OO ^ §■§ £(3 - *o cdoo S3 eooo M PJ 1-3 03 £ 23 -a Slfl § am «d aw 'rt w ..Sg t? a p fl O Cl a>-~ ^ a|lg | ©« fcSg >igg6g 03 03 *3 fc>o d g-B 53 © ^lloa-0 d o <33 gd > g o a u related to HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 17 iCOOON ’ C005 ^ WC0C0H05ONC 05 cm * co o o lO 00 cm O 1 fc * cm* cm oi^oicor^ioc^Tji c4 * 'hcoohn t}< r>- io 2§§ ■ ' > go io 05 : '' x > CM iO 00 i-H i cm 05 r r-t — • >«00: p^cm 82: ) 05 00 CM i co H(N05fH *-i CO CM N CM 05 CO CO *0 ONCMNNr^^N CMCMOr-^CMrHCMO TfNOOCM 05 CM H CM CM O $S5o° 00 oo" > ^ *0 CM »H oo co 05 ' cm »d ‘ co ■OCO^O’ i co * co oo < < © i-t rt< CM 00 3 ' CO CM* »0 r-i i-h CM CO CO CM ' Tt< CM fH ' r-H -H r^. I 05 00 05 IO I TP © CM 3 CO CO 1—1 )N»OCO 8 2 ro 0 § . £ O jSs © 05 'ft co (gS. OO a; r— c o ^ Cl w 5 3 ® 55 £ 3 O M’S 3 o E-< 33 M o <:e»hO ! co >• ! O O o„t° £|§2 * ■.§’§-3 W 3 2 © a OOQhH H 3 O'a .H ««i-£2-9 Filial: aSSSSi }J8 0S „ . J © o & S > > s Sxi o P„F M tafi £ > Os'S 5 ii ■§ § .53 ° 3 s s © 3 § cr E?5 WP^OO iil| a o, »r § 3 ETa-s ©t?33 a 3®Sf ©Dos •’ESS 3 05 O© * : © 5© 2 3 GO »r0 iW “ a m 3 3 © ■a 52 > ijj; £§§g g-sal illy I 3 'C crS HPL.OO ft IS M & o © ss? a a 'C ^ 8 3 g'g'.S TJ ©•- +j © -£33 d _ 3 w a o b o 3 E-< 331 o SCJu CC W ( 35 3 05 1 Less than 0.05 percent. * Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 A comparison of institutions by level or type brings out other differ- • ences in sources of income. Public sources accounted for nearly four- sevenths (56.1 percent) of the educational and general income of all institu¬ tions of higher education in 1951-52. This contribution reached its highest percentage among teachers colleges (80.2 percent), the high per¬ cent being a reflection of the fact that 15 out of every 16 (93.7 percent) of the students in these colleges were in colleges under public control. Junior colleges and other non-degree institutions of the undergraduate level received 67.8 percent of their income from public sources, and universities of complex organization received nearly 50 percent of their total educational and general income from these sources. The figures here used included payments by the Federal Government for veterans’ educational fees. Excluding these payments, which under previously normal conditions would have come from students, the per¬ centages for other payments from public sources would become: all institutions, 48.8; teachers colleges, 73.5; junior colleges and other non¬ degree undergraduate institutions, 58.4; and universities 53.3. Analysis of total public contributions by governmental level reveals other differences: local governments supplied 34.0 percent of the educa¬ tional and general income of institutions operating at the junior college level, but only 3.0 percent of that of all higher education as a whole. There is reason to suspect that other elements (size of student body, geographic region, or internal organization of school, for example) may hear some relation to distribution of income by source. In some localities the publicly controlled junior colleges charge moderate fees or none at all; in others the privately controlled institutions of all types receive public funds as a matter of tradition. The present report, however, does not include detailed analyses of any of these elements. Student fees. — Income from students for fees (including matriculation, tuition, laboratory, library, health, and other fees, hut not room or meal charges) amounted to $446,590,909 in 1951-52. This represents an increase of $51,981,096, or 13.2 percent, over the $394,609,813 reported for 1949-50. It is nearly 2.25 times the $201,364,783 reported for 1941-42 and may be compared with the 64.0 percent increase in resident college enrollment during the same period. Of the 1951-52 total of student fees collected, $116,200,652, or 26.0 percent, was received by publicly controlled institutions, and $330,390,257, or 74.0 percent, by those under private control. Universities received 48.5 percent of the total, liberal arts colleges 32.6 percent, teachers colleges 4.2 percent, technological schools 4.8 percent, theological schools 0.8 of 1 percent, other professional schools 3.9 percent, and junior colleges 5.2 percent. These figures do not include $146,899,655 paid by the Federal Govern¬ ment for tuition and other educational fees for veterans of World War II. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 19 Of this amount $57,646,554 was received atpublicly controlled institu¬ tions and $89,253,101 at those under the control of religious, philanthrop¬ ic, or other nonpublic organizations. The total of $146,899,655 repre¬ sents a decrease of $160,426,288, or 52.2 percent from the $307,325,943 reported for this item in 1949-50. Public sources. — The total amount of contributions by^the Federal Government, the several State governments, and counties, cities, or school districts toward the support of higher education amounted to $1,134,325,688 in 1951-52. This is 5.3 percent more than the $1,077,- 655,997 reported in 1949-50. The 1951-52 and 1949-50 public contri¬ butions were divided by source as follows: Item 1951-52 194&-50 Amount Percent Amount Percent i 2 3 4 5 Federal Government: For veterans’ education _ .. _ _ $146, 899, 655 13.0 $307, 325, 943 28.5 For research _ _ . _ ... _ _ For other current purposes.. . . . . 220, 812, 127 83, 298,668 19.5 7.3 } 216, 994, 144 20.2 Total _ _ _ _ 451, 010, 450 39.8 524, 320, 087 48.7 State governments... . . . . . . . . 611, 302, 252 53.9 491, 635, 702 45.6 Local governments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72, 012, 986 6.3 61, 700, 208 5.7 Total public sources _ 1, 134, 325, 688 100.0 1, 077, 655, 997 100.0 The decrease of 14.0 percent in the total contribution of the Federal Government (from $524 million to $451 million) is thus seen to he due directly to the decrease of 52.2 percent in veterans’ educational fee pay¬ ments. Contributions for research and other current purposes increased 40.1 percent from 1949-50 to 1951-52. Of the $1,134,325,688 public contributions to higher education in 1951- 52, it appears that $267,082,554, or 23.5 percent, went to institutions which were not under public control. This is a decrease from 1949-50 when the corresponding percentage was 28.5. It is still much larger, however, than the 4.8 percent reported for this item in 1939-40. It will be noted that Federal grants for research appear for the first time in the 1951-52 compilations. These totaled over $220 million (table E). This amount constituted 49.0 percent of the total Federal contribution for that year and came to 10.9 percent of the total educational and general income of slightly more than $2 billion. More than three-fourths of these grants made to institutions in conti¬ nental United States were to universities. Those under public control received a little more than those privately controlled; another large portion (just over 22 percent) went to technological schools; the total to independent liberal arts colleges, teachers colleges, other professional 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 schools, and junior colleges was less than 2 percent of the total of all Federal grants for research purposes. No grants were reported by theological institutions. Table E. — Federal grants for research , institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution: 1951-52 Item Control All institutions Public Private i 2 3 4 Continental United States . 1220,812, 127 $91, 631, 021 $129, 181, 106 Universities _ _ _ _ 167, 780, 184 2, 436, 919 135, 438 49, 003, 436 1, 354, 621 101, 529 87, 635, 709 1, 013, 524 129, 837 2, 056, 046 694, 476 101, 429 80, 144, 475 1, 423, 395 5, 601 46, 947, 390 660, 145 100 Liberal arts colleges - - - Teachers colleges _ _ Technological schools - . - . . . - - Other professional schools-.. . . . . . . Junior colleges 1 . . . Outlying parts of the United States. . . 292, 417 292,417 Universities _ _ _ _ _ _ 127, 634 164, 783 127, 634 164, 783 Liberal arts colleges . . . . . . . . . i Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting insti¬ tutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. These contributions were for research and no analysis of other current Federal appropriations is included. The total Federal contribution of just over $450 million includes only those funds which passed through the hands of the various college and university business officers. Funds going directly from the Federal Government to students for scholarship aids are not included, nor is the value of supplies or materials donated by the Government to the various institutions except in the very rare instances where there was reason to take this material into the institution’s inventory. State appropriations for current expenses increased from less than $500,000,000 in 1949-50 to more than $610,000,000 in 1951-52: an increase of 24.3 percent. During the same period, appropriations by local governments (counties, cities, school districts) increased 16.7 percent: from just under $62,000,000 to just over $72,000,000. Endowment earnings. — Earnings of endowment and other nonexpend¬ able funds amounted to $112,859,084 in 1951-52. This represented an increase of $16,518,063, or 17.1 percent, over the $96,341,021 reported for 1949-50. Of the 1951-52 amount, $12,088,561, or 10.7 percent, was reported by publicly controlled institutions, and $100,770,523, or 89.3 percent, by those under private control. In 1949-50 corresponding percentages were: public 9.2 and private 90.8. Private benefactions. — Contributions of individuals, churches, and philanthropic organizations to higher education amounted to $149,826,048 in 1951-52. This was 7.4 percent of the total educational and general HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 21 income for that year. It represents an increase of $31,200,033, or 26.3 percent, over the $118,626,015 reported for 1949-50. It is more than four-fifths as much as the $172,920,000 reported as the total educational and general income of all institutions of higher education in 1919-20 (table 1). Institutions under public control reported 17.5 percent of all private benefactions in 1951-52. In 1949-50 the corresponding percent was 16.2, in 1947-48 it was 15.9, and in 1945-46 it was 16.4. In 1939-40 it was 12.6 and in 1929-30 it was just 8.0. Nonsalaried service. — The total private benefactions of $149,826,048 reported for 1951-52 included $129,540,387 in the form of cash or tangible property and $20,285,661 in the form of nonsalaried service (table F). This service, described variously as nonsalaried service, contributed service, and voluntary service, was 13.5 percent of the total of all private benefactions reported in 1951-52. In 1949-50 this type of contribution amounted to 15.0 percent of the corresponding total for that year. The 1951-52 total of just over $20 million represents an increase of 14.1 percent over the $17,782,365 reported for 1949-50. It is almost exactly four times the $5,102,905 reported for 1931-32, the first year for which data were gathered on this point. Table F. — Estimated value of nonsalaried service , institutions of higher education in continental United States: 1931-32 to 1951-52 Year 1 All institutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount i 2 3 4 5 6 7 1931-32 . . . 141 $5, 102, 905 7 $243, 350 134 $4, 859, 555 1933-34 . . . 160 6, 077, 877 6 82,800 154 5, 995, 077 1935-36. . . . . . . 170 6, 626, 715 3 64, 574 167 6, 562, 141 1937-38 _ _ _ 198 7, 176, 944 8 61, 763 190 7, 115, 181 1939-40 . 187 7, 928, 519 4 282,908 183 7, 645, 611 1941-42 . 192 8, 610, 378 3 230, 194 189 8, 380, 184 1943-44 . . . 159 7, 274, 767 5 249, 481 154 7, 025, 286 1947-48 . . . . 217 14, 449, 199 1 496, 375 216 13, 952, 824 1949-50 . . . . . . 264 17, 782, 365 7 564, 668 257 17, 217, 697 1951-52 . 267 20, 285, 661 8 633, 168 259 19, 652, 493 Degree-granting institutions. . Non-degree -gran ting institu¬ 224 19, 165, 514 7 632,708 217 18, 532, 806 tions . . . 43 1, 120, 147 1 460 42 1, 119, 687 1 Data not collected for 1945-46. Sales and services. — Sales and services of instructional departments and of organized activities related to them are frequently referred to briefly as Sales and Services. The term includes all the incidental earn¬ ings of an institution, such as sales of livestock or dairy products of an agricultural school, income of a laboratory or demonstration school, or of a museum. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 The total of 1951-52 income from sales and services amounted to $136,441,531 and accounted for 6.8 percent of the total educational and general income of 1,832 institutions included in the present compilation. The amount reported for the publicly controlled institutions was $79,- 097,111, or 7.1 percent of the educational and general total for those institutions; for the privately controlled group the amount was $57,344,- 420 and the percent was 6.3. The total for all institutions represents an increase of 21.8 percent over the corresponding figure of $111,986,772 reported for 1949-50. Other educational income. — -The "Other income” account of an institu¬ tion of higher education includes that income which is either so incidental in its nature, so irregular in its frequency, or so minor in its amount as to make its classification difficult or impractical. The most common sources are probably interest on current funds (not interest on funds which are regularly or usually invested) and rent of institutional property for noninstitutional purposes (as, for example, the renting of a college dormitory or entire plant for a conference on religious, social, or other matters not specifically included in the institution’s instructional pro¬ gram). Transcript fees and library fines are also included here. This miscellaneous income amounted to $40,834,909 in 1951-52. This was 17.9 percent more than the 1949-50 figure of $34,625,907. The total of miscellaneous income for 1951-52 (just under $41,000,000) represented 2.0 percent of the total educational and general income for that year (table D). Total educational and general income. — The $2,020,878,169 reported as income for educational and general purposes amounted to 78.8 percent of the total current income for 1951-52, which came to $2,562,451,390. Among publicly controlled institutions this percent was 81.3; among those under private control it was 76.0. Auxiliary enterprises and activities income. — The auxiliary enter¬ prises and activities fund group, includes "enterprises operated primarily for service to students and . . . intended to be selfsupporting.” 6 In many instances these enterprises offer services to the noncollege public of their respective communities when they can do so without impairing their usefulness to the college community and without competing with the regular business activities of the noncollege community in which the institution is located. Residence and dining hall accommodations, col¬ lege bookstores, industrial plants (woodworking, printing, etc.), are examples of this type of activity. Intercollegiate athletics and concert courses also fall within this category. Careful distinction should be made between this type of activity (an auxiliary or ancillary service) and sales and services (an incidental income of a basic educational activity). • College'and University Business Administration, vol. I, p. 137. Washington, D. C., American Council on Education, 1952. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 23 % The total income of this auxiliary enterprisejfund group in 1951-52 came to $509,545,469, which represented a decrease of $1,718,807, or 0.3 of 1 percent, from the $511,264,276 reported for 1949-50. Student Aid Income Income for scholarships, fellowships, prizes, and other forms of student aid amounted in 1951-52 to $20,635,422, or 0.8 of 1 percent of the total of all current income. This income accrued from various sources: earn¬ ings of endowed scholarship, fellowship, or prize funds; gifts of individuals, corporations, or organizations of various types in the form of funds to be used during the period immediately following the date of gift; and some appropriations of public funds. Data have not been tabulated on the relative importance of these sources. Roughly one -third of the total income for this purpose was received at publicly controlled institutions, the other two-thirds at those under private control. Other current fund (noneducational) income. — Other current fund income not fitting into the classifications already described amounted to $11,392,330 in 1951-52. This income, not specifically classifiable as to source or purpose, is believed to include earnings of annuity funds as its major component. For this reason, it is planned that beginning with the 1953-54 edition of the present chapter, this item will be broken up and most of it transferred to the section on annuity fund transactions. When this income is added to that for student aid for the purpose of comparison with the earlier classification of items, the 1951-52 total comes to $32,027,752, or 1.2 percent of the total current income for that year. This may be compared with the 1949-50 report of $29,535,147 for this item, which was 1.3 percent of the current total for that year. Total Current Fund Income Chronological shifts. — When the current educational and general income for 1951-52 is compared with that for 10 and 20 years earlier, certain shifts in the relative importance of sources of income become apparent (table G): (1) Internal sources. — Dependence of higher education on internal sources (student fees, sales and services, and miscellaneous sources) seems to be decreasing. As the figures stand (table G), these sources yielded 41.3 percent of the 1931-32 income and 40.6 of that for 1941-42, but only 30.9 percent of that for 1951-52. These figures are subject to the com¬ ment that in 1951-52 tuition and fees were paid for a number of persons by the Federal Government under the various veterans’ education acts, acts of Congress which were not in force at the time of the 1931-32 and 1941-42 tabulations. If this 1951-52 payment of fees by the Federal Government, which amounted to 7.3 percent of the total, is subtracted from the public sources group where it is now tabulated, and added to 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 the student fees item, this latter item changes from 22.1 percent to 29.4 percent of the total and the total of internal sources goes from 30.9 percent to 38.2 percent. Even when this is done, these 1951-52 percents are still below their counterparts for 1931-32 and 1941-42. Sales and services and other miscellaneous sources accounted for 8 percent of the total current income for 1931-32, 8.4 percent of that for 1941-42, and 8.8 percent of that for 1951-52. Although it is likely that some of this increase is attributable to changes in accounting procedures during the 20-year interval, it is also quite possible that there has actually been a gradually increasing stress on these sources of income. Table G. — Income for educational and general purposes , institutions of higher education , by source: 7937-32, 7947-42, and 1951-52 Item 1931-32 1941-42 1951-52 1 2 3 4 AMOUNTS Internal Sources: Student fees. . . . $150, 649, 047 21, 008, 513 14, 825, 938 $201, 364, 783 40, 308, 019 12, 810, 925 $446, 590, 909 136, 441, 531 40, 834, 909 Sales ad services _ _ _ _ _ _ Miscellaneous sources _ _ Total . . . . . . . 186, 483, 498 254, 483, 727 623, 867, 349 Philanthropic Sources: Private gifts and grants. . . . 29, 947, 529 60, 902, 567 45, 916, 372 74, 074, 813 149, 826, 048 112, 859, 084 Endowment earnings _ _ _ Total . . . . . . . . . 90, 850, 096 119, 991, 185 262, 685, 132 Public Sources: Federal Government . . . 21, 488, 454 i 153, 174, 785 (1 2) 58, 231, 645 166, 531, 881 27, 057, 483 451, 010, 450 611, 302, 252 72, 012, 986 State governments. . . . . . . Local governments . Total . . . 174, 663, 239 251, 820, 909 1, 134, 325, 688 Grand total . . 451,996,833 626, 295, 821 2, 020,878,169 PERCENTS Internal Sources: Student fees.. _ _ 33.3 32.2 22.1 Sales and services. . 4.7 6.4 6.8 Miscellaneous sources. . . 3.3 2.0 2.0 Total . 41.3 40.6 30.9 Philanthropic Sources: Private gifts and grants . 6.6 7.4 7.4 Endowment earnings . . . 13.5 11.8 5.6 Total . . . . . 20.1 19.2 13.0 Public Sources: Federal Government . 4.7 9.3 22.3 State governments . 133. 9 26.6 30.2 Local governments . (2) 4.3 3.6 Total . . . . . 38.6 40.2 56.1 Grand total.. . 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 Includes local governments. 2 Included with State governments. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 25 (2) Philanthropy. — Originally a major source of income but more latterly a minor one, philanthropy appears to be playing an even less important role in higher education financing. In both 1931-32 and 1941-42 it yielded approximately one-fifth of the total (20.1 percent for 1931-32 and 19.2 percent for 1941-42), but in 1951-52 it dropped to less than one-seventh (13 percent). And this in spite of the fact that the total amount of philanthropy involved rose from less than $91 million in 1931-32 to more than $260 million in 1951-52. Private benefactions for current purposes rose from 6.6 percent of the 1931-32 total to 7.4 percent of that for 1941-42 and stood at the same percent (7.4) for 1951-52. Endowment earnings, which increased 85 percent in amount ($60,902,567 to $112,859,084) during the two decades, decreased in com¬ parative importance from 13.5 percent of the 1931-32 total to only 5.6 percent of that for 1951-52. (3) Public sources. — The possibility of differences in interpreting these items has already been referred to. Nevertheless, even after the sum paid for veterans’ tuition and fees by the Federal Government is moved to the student fees item, the Federal contribution still stands at 15 percent of the total as compared with 4.7 percent of that for 1931-32 and 9.3 percent of that for 1941-42. It is noticeable, however, that whereas the proportion of income received from Federal sources is increasing, that from State and local sources is barely holding its own. These sources accounted for 33.9 percent of the 1931-32 total, 30.7 percent of that for 1941-42, and 33.8 percent of that for 1951-52. Geographical shifts. — Although the 1951-52 educational and general income of all higher education in continental United States was 3% times that of 1939-40 (table H), this increase was not uniform over the Nation. In the Northeast the 1951-52 figure was less than 3 times that for 1939-40, but in the West the difference was more than 5 to 1. During the same 12 -year period the educational and general income of the United States Service academies increased from a little over $8,000,000 to a little less than $19,000,000, the latter figure being approximately 2% times the earlier one. Since the 1951-52 data were tabulated on a regional basis only, no comparison of divisions (New England, South Atlantic, Pacific, etc.) is available. Plant Fund Receipts In 1951-52 a total of $355,613,943 was received by institutions of higher education for the purpose of purchasing new sites, construction or major remodeling of buildings, purchase of equipment, and other items tending to increase the physical holdings of the various institutions over the country (table I). Of this amount, $234,579,871, or 66.0 percent, was 325864—55 - 3 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 received by publicly controlled institutions, and $121,034,072, or 34.0 per¬ cent, by those under private control. Corresponding percentages for 1949-50 were 75.6 percent public and 24.4 percent private. Table H. — Income for educational and general purposes , institutions of higher education , by region and division: 1939-40, 1941-42, 1949-50, and 1951-52 Region and division 1939-40 1941. 42 1949-50 Amount 1951-52 Percent of 1939-40 1941-42 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States . . . $571, 288, 116 $626, 295, 821 $1,833,845, 525 $2, 020, 878, 169 353.7 322.7 110.2 Northeast . . 178, 292, 663 191, 286, 243 497, 905, 144 521, 499, 901 292.5 272.6 104.7 New England. _. 57, 508, 119 61, 881, 286 149, 382, 112 0) Middle Atlantic. 120, 784, 544 129, 404, 957 348, 523, 032 (0 North Central... 176, 243, 403 193, 643, 763 566, 592, 802 624, 176, 402 354.2 322.3 110.2 East North Central _ 114, 465, 551 128, 017, 117 384, 479, 810 (0 West North Central _ 61, 777, 852 65, 626, 646 182, 112, 992 0) South . . . 136, 233, 859 150, 226, 743 446, 576, 224 491,018,924 360.4 326.9 110.0 South Atlantic.. 61, 399, 505 69, 271, 459 211, 858, 981 0) East South Central _ 29, 282, 101 31, 860, 357 92, 115, 930 0) West South Central . . 45, 552, 253 49, 094, 927 142, 601, 313 (0 West . . 72, 328, 758 82, 949, 639 304, 757, 355 365, 434, 361 505.2 440.5 119.9 Mountain _ 20, 162, 087 22, 603, 501 71, 524, 053 (i) Pacific _ 52, 166, 671 60, 346, 138 233, 233, 302 (*) U. S. Service Academies _ 8, 189, 433 2 8, 189, 433 18, 014, 000 18, 748, 581 228.9 104.1 Outlying parts of the United States «.. . 3, 326, 168 3,675,809 12,979,857 14,522,968 436.6 395.1 111.9 1 Data not tabulated separately. 2 Data for 1939-40. * Exclusive of the Philippines, not reported for 1941-42; independent since 1946. Although the 1951-52 total represents a decrease of 32.7 percent from that of 1949-50, it appears that it was to a large extent a withdrawal from a peak. It was actually within 2.5 percent of the 1947-48 total of $364,901,512. Analysis of the 1951-52 plant fund receipts by source shows that $12,657,295, or 3.6 percent of the total, came from the Federal Govern¬ ment; $144,187,379, or 40.5 percent, from State governments; and $16,074,599, or 4.5 percent, from local governments. Thus, a total of 48.6 percent came from governmental sources, as contrasted with 59.7 percent, which came i from these sources in 1949-50. Comparison with the 1949-50 analysis of public funds not only shows that contri¬ butions from the Federal and local governments increased in both amount HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 27 and percent of the total, but also that contributions by the various States dwindled in both amount and relative importance. Table I. — Plant fund receipts , non-Federal institutions of higher education, by region and division: 1939-40 , 1941-42, 1949-50, and 1951-52 Region and division 1939-40 1941-42 1949-50 1951-52 Amount Percent of— 1939-40 1941-42 1949-50 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States . . $62, 703, 474 $30,096,440 $528, 747,718 $355, 613, 943 567.1 1, 186. 6 67.3 Northeast . . 10,912,853 5, 477, 319 85, 264, 783 75, 731, 497 694.0 1, 382. 6 88.8 New England. ,, 5, 377, 531 1,370, 550 27, 622. 290 0) Middle Atlantic . 5, 535,322 4,106,769 57, 642, 493 0) North Central _ 20, 273,147 10, 766, 656 153, 077,785 112,841,589 556.6 1,048.1 73.7 East North Central _ 13, 824, 547 7, 517,371 107, 598,192 (0 West North Central _ 6,448, 600 3, 249, 286 45, 479, 593 (0 South . . 21, 535, 282 10,820,805 163, 095,997 103,190, 851 479.2 953.6 63.6 South Atlantic, . 14, 330, 577 6, 801,777 65,950,240 (0 East South Central . . 1,891,099 1,189, 074 20, 277, 476 (0 West South Central _ 5,313,606 2,829,954 76, 868, 281 (0 West . 9,982,192 3,031,660 127, 309,153 63, 850, 006 639.6 2,106.1 50.2 Mountain _ 3, 243, 476 819, 922 20, 400, 349 0) Pacific _ 6, 738, 716 2, 211,738 106, 908, 804 0) Outlying parts of the United States _ 96, 794 64,481 1,687, 748 683,097 705.7 1, 059. 4 40.5 1 Data not tabulated separately. Churches, foundations of one sort or another, and philanthropicallv minded individuals contributed $71,605,727 to these funds, their contri¬ butions amounting to 20.1 percent of the total. Transfers from current or undesignated funds of institutions amounted to $50,336,114 and loan or bond issues brought in $47,907,259. Miscellaneous sources accounted for $12,845,572; these included net earnings and capital gains of a char¬ acter not specifically identified. Analysis of the 1951-52 total of $355,613,943, by type of institution, shows that universities received 53.5 percent of the total, liberal arts colleges 21.8 percent, teachers colleges 11.8 percent, technological schools 3.6 percent, theological schools 1.3 percent, and other professional schools of a degree -granting type 2.3 percent, making a total of 94.3 percent for all degree -granting institutions. This may be compared with the dis¬ tribution of enrollment shown in section I of the present chapter, wherein degree -granting institutions enrolled 90.0 percent of the total of all resi¬ dent college students in the Nation and junior colleges and other non- 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950^52 degree institutions of the undergraduate or adult education type enrolled 10.0 percent of the resident college students but received only 5.7 percent of the funds destined for expansion of their physical facilities. Receipts for Endowment and Other Nonexpendable Funds Total receipts from various sources intended for increase of permanent or quasi-permanent funds amounted to $164,307,752, which exceeded the corresponding total of $116,932,741 by $47,375,011, or 40.5 percent (table J). Of the 1951-52 total, $96,160,239, or 58.5 percent, was in the form of private gifts and grants, the other 41.5 percent coming from sources not tabulated by this Office. Table J. — Receipts of endowment and other nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by control and type of institution, and by class of fund: 1951-52 [In thousands of dollars] Item All institu¬ Control tions Public Private 1 2 3 4 I. Endowment funds: Total . _ _ _ - _ _ $125, 787 $40, 358 $85, 429 Universities . - . 89, 115 24, 088 91 38, 764 494 50, 351 23, 594 31 Liberal arts colleges . . . . . . . . . . . Teachers colleges _ _ - . . . 60 Technological schools . . .. _ _ 7, 817 2, 619 783 719 7, 098 Theological schools _ _ _ 2, 619 783 Other professional schools . . . . 0) 321 Junior colleges 1 2 _ _ 1, 274 953 II. Funds functioning as endowment: Total _ _ _ _ 32, 572 4, 777 27, 795 Universities . . . . 16, 272 7, 352 54 4, 716 9 11, 556 7, 343 48 Liberal arts colleges. . . . . Teachers colleges . . . . . 6 Technological schools _ _ _ _ _ 8, 029 234 25 8,004 234 Theological schools. . . . . Other professional schools. . . . 529 8 521 Junior colleges 2 . 102 13 89 III. Annuity funds: Total . . . . . 3, 636 82 3, 554 Universities . . . __ 1,398 1,735 28 80 1,318 1,734 27 Liberal arts colleges . _ . _ . 1 Teachers colleges . . . . 1 Technological schools _ _ _ 227 227 Theological schools . 200 200 Other professional schools 21 21 Jim ior colleges 2 _ _ _ _ _ .. 27 27 IV. Student loan funds: Total . 2,314 782 1, 532 Universities . . . 1,380 587 513 867 Liberal arts colleges . . 141 446 Teachers colleges. . . . . 48 44 4 Technological schools . . . _ . 190 70 120 Theological schools . . _ . 36 36 Other professional schools . . 39 9 30 Junior colleges 2... . 34 5 29 1 Less than $500. 2 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting in¬ stitutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 29 As might be expected, well over 96 percent of the total receipts of $164,307,752 were planned to increase the endowment funds or funds so functioning. The total amount reported for these two funds amounted to more than $158,000,000. Annuity funds increased by a little more than $3,600,000, and funds available for loan to students (not permanent funds in the strictest sense of the word) received additions amounting to more than $2,300,000. EXPENDITURES A total of $2,471,007,968 was spent for current purposes by the 1,832 institutions of higher education in continental United States in 1951-52. Adding to this total the $409,080,075 spent for expansion of the physical plant brings the total amount of money paid out by college and university business officers during the year to $2,880,088,043. This represents an increase of $215,899,239, or 8.1 percent, over the corresponding total for 1949-50. Current Fund Expenditures Of the current fund expenditures of nearly 2){ billion dollars in 1951-52, institutions under public control spent $1,305,146,983, or 52.8 percent; the remaining $1,165,860,985 (41.2 percent) was spent by those under private or denominational control. Current fund expenditures and personal income. — Among the various criteria of interest in higher education among the several States and regions, one of the simplest is the relation of current expenditures for higher education to total individual income. This measure is subject to some misinterpretation, but on the whole it provides an approach to the general problem. In the accompanying table K,the total individual income in each State for 1951 has been added to that for 1952 and an average taken, to provide a usable figure for a period coinciding fairly well with the academic year 1951-52. Comparison of these figures with the cur¬ rent expenditures for higher education yields some rather interesting facts. For the United States as a whole, it appears that in 1951-52, just 0.99 of 1 percent of the total individual income of the Nation (before payment of personal income tax) was devoted to current fund expenditures for higher education. The corresponding percentage in 1949-50 was 1.08. The 1951-52 percents varied from 0.46 of 1 in New Jersey and 0.54 of 1 in Delaware to 1.79 in the District of Columbia and 2.02 in Vermont, with Illinois standing at the nationwide median of 1.05. Arkansas and Florida (1.00 percent each) and South Dakota and Wyoming (0.98 of 1 percent each) were nearest the nationwide average. For the first time, data are available on income in one of the outlying parts of the United States. In Hawaii, total current expenditures for higher education came to 0.55 of 1 percent of the total individual income of that Territory. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table K.- - Percent of personal income devoted to higher education,1 by region and State: 1951-52 Region and State Individual in¬ come, 1951-52 (millions) Current expenditures for higher education, 1951-52 Amount 1 (thousands) Percent of in¬ dividual in¬ come 1 2 3 4 Continental United States _ __ 2 $248, 948 $2, 452, 259 0.99 Northeast _ _ 74, 305 643, 461 .87 Connecticut . . 4, 234 36, 299 .86 Maine _ _ _ - .. . . . . _. 1,174 9, 777 .83 Massachusetts _ _ _ _ _ 8, 279 137,149 1.66 New Hampshire.. _ _ _ _ 800 12, 420 1.55 New Jersey . . . . 9, 677 47, 330 .49 New York _ ... 30, 424 239, 907 .79 Pennsylvania... _ _ _ _ _ 17, 894 136,875 .76 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . 1,334 13,843 1.04 Vermont _ _ _ ... .... .... 489 9, 860 2.02 North Central... . . _ _ _ _ 78, 262 766,332 .98 Illinois _ _ _ _ _ _ . .. 17, 330 181,761 1.05 Indiana _ .. ... _ _ _ . _ 6, 790 74, 971 1.10 Iowa _ _ _ . .. . ... _ _ 4,033 53, 701 1.33 Kansas _ _ _ _ _ _ . 3,116 32,080 1.03 Michigan _ _ _ _ _ 11,805 113, 485 .96 Minnesota . . . . . ... 4, 458 58, 271 1.31 Missouri . . . . _ 6, 280 54, 589 .87 Nebraska _ _ _ _ . . _ 2,088 22,867 1.10 North Dakota _ . ... . _ _ 780 8, 538 1.09 Ohio _ _ _ 14, 944 104, 242 .70 South Dakota _ _ 900 8, 847 .98 Wisconsin . . . . .. _ _ 5, 738 52, 980 .92 South _ _ _ _ _ 59,017 630, 941 1.07 Alabama _ _ . . . . . 3,006 34,903 1.16 Arkansas . . . . . . 1,769 17, 752 1.00 Delaware _ _ _ _ ... _ 742 4,035 .54 Florida _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3,938 39, 389 1.00 Georgia _ .. .... ... _ _ _ 3, 920 36, 058 .92 Kentucky . . ..... ... _ _ ... .. 3, 211 26, 576 .83 Louisiana... . . .. .. 3, 267 38,305 1.17 Maryland. . . . . . _ ... .. ._ .. . 4, 312 48, 738 1.13 Mississippi _ .... .......... 1,733 21,987 1.27 North Carolina.. _ _. . ... 4, 336 56, 915 1.31 Oklahoma _ _ _ . _ _. . 2, 801 38, 923 1.39 South Carolina . . _ _ _ _ 2, 234 24,038 1.08 Tennessee _ _ _ _ _ _ 3,602 43,229 1.20 Texas _ 11,538 105, 373 .91 Virginia . . . . _ .. . .. 4,490 45, 905 1.02 West Virginia . . .. _ . . .. 2,372 17, 624 .74 District of Columbia... _ . 1,746 31,190 1.79 West _ _ . 37, 363 411, 526 1.10 Arizona _ _ _ ..... ... 1,216 10, 776 .89 California ... _ _ ... . _ 22, 180 245, 370 1.11 Colorado _ ... _ ... . 2,228 33, 199 1.49 Idaho.. _ _ 841 8, 018 .95 Montana _ .. _ ... . 1,012 8,476 .84 Nevada _ ... .. .. .. 379 2, 069 .55 New Mexico . . _. _ ... 940 12, 460 1.33 Oregon _ 2, 679 26, 184 .98 Utah _ ... 1,044 16,144 1.55 Washington _ _ _ _ . 4, 342 43, 644 1.01 Wyoming . . . 502 5,186 1.03 Outlying part of the U. S. _ 830 4,583 .55 Hawaii _ .. 3 830 4, 583 .55 1 Not Including United States Service Academies. 2 Calculated from Robert E. Graham, State Income Payments in 1952, in Survey of Current Business, August 1953, p. 12. * Calculated from Charles F. Schwartz, Income of Hawaii, p. 18, Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1953. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 31 Data are not available with which to compare individual income for 1951-52 State by State after personal income taxes with this same income before such taxes. It is believed that a comparison of this type would be of little value, in view of the very slight difference between these measures in 1949-50. That year the rank of States after taxes was substantially the same as their rank before taxes, as shown in columns 5 and 6 of table X in the 1949-50 edition of this report. In 13 States these ranks were identical and in 27 others the change did not exceed 2 points. The correlation between the ranks was 0.991, using the Spearman rank- 62D2 difference formula, in which rho=T N(N2- 1) Percentage Analysis of Current Expenditures In table L there are presented analyses of three types of current ex¬ penditures: educational and general, exclusive of extension; total educa¬ tional and general; and all current expenditures. The data are classified by control of institution: a well-established classification based on the legalities concerned. They are further classified for the first time into seven main types of institution by level and curricular offering: universi¬ ties, liberal arts colleges, teachers colleges, technological schools, theo¬ logical schools, other professional schools of a degree -granting type, and the nondegree group, comprising junior colleges, community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other nondegree institutions of an undergraduate or adult education type. Administration and general expense. — Administrative expenses amounted to 8233,844,361 in 1951-52. They constituted 15.5 percent of the educa¬ tional and general expenditures (exclusive of extension), 12.2 percent of the entire educational and general group, and 9.5 percent of all current expenditures, this last-named percent being exactly the same as was calculated for this function in the 1949-50 compilation. In 1951-52, as in 1949-50, these percentages ran noticeably higher among publicly con¬ trolled institutions than among those under private control. Resident instruction . — The regular classroom instruction and laboratory work of institutions of higher education entailed an expenditure of 8823,117,250 in 1951-52; this was 5.4 percent more than the 8780,993,860 reported in 1949-50, when the total enrollment was somewhat larger than in 1951-52. The 1951-52 expenditure was 54.7 percent of the educational and general campus costs and 42.8 percent of all educational and general expenditures. These comparatively low expenditures are not surprising in view of the broad program of a present-day higher institution, which includes not only the transmission of knowledge (instruction), but also the preservation of knowledge (libraries), the extension of the bounds of knowledge (research), the implementation of knowledge through service to the community (related activities), and the carrying of the instructional and community service functions to off-campus areas (extension). 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table L. — Expenditures for educational and general purposes , institutions of higher education , by region and division: 1939-40, 1941-42, 1949-50, and 1951-52 Region and division 1939-40 1941-42 1949-50 Amount 1951-52 Percent of— 1939-40 1941-42 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 Continental United States _ $521, 989, 757 $572, 465, 437 $1, 706, 444, 418 $1. 921, 209, 017 368.1 335.6 112.6 Northeast . .. 164, 765, 779 176, 239, 801 469, 268, 108 495, 975, 497 301.0 281.4 105. 7 New England _ 52, 748, 223 55, 623, 599 139, 918, 307 (i) Middle Atlantic. 112, 017, 556 120, 616, 202 329, 349, 801 (») North Central.... 163, 959, 496 177, 414, 695 527, 743, 289 600, 292, 803 366.1 338.4 113.7 East North Central ... 107, 021, 860 117, 551, 012 359, 903, 023 (0 West North Central ... 56, 937, 636 59, 863, 683 167, 840, 266 («) South _ 123, 757, 476 139, 050, 369 412, 039, 508 467, 123, 538 377.4 335.9 113.4 South Atlantic. . 57, 679, 220 66, 649, 909 197, 962, 962 0) East South Central 26, 807, 053 29, 601, 098 84, 385, 783 0) West South Central . 39, 271, 203 42, 799, 362 129, 690, 763 (9 West . . 64, 560, 418 74, 813, 984 283, 807, 323 343, 663, 830 532.3 459.4 121.1 Mountain _ _ 18, 528, 315 20, 422, 316 66, 466, 013 (i) Pacific . 46, 032, 103 54, 391, 668 217, 341, 310 0) U. S. Service Acad¬ emies _ 4, 946, 588 3 4, 946, 588 13, 586, 190 14, 153, 349 286.1 104.2 Outlying parts of the United States3 _ 2, 991, 085 3, 549, 166 11, 468, 631 12, 436, 427 415.8 350.4 108.4 1 Data not tabulated separately. 2 Data for 1939-40. 3 Exclusive of Philippines, not reported for 1939-40, independent since 1946. Libraries. — The maintaining of libraries, including the salaries of librarians and their aides, the purchase of books and supplies, the binding of periodicals, and similar items (not including the operation and main¬ tenance of library buildings) cost a total of $60,611,886, an increase of 8.0 percent over the $56,146,869 reported for this item in 1949-50. The 1951-52 amount was 4.0 percent of the campus costs, 3.2 percent of all educational and general costs, and 2.5 percent of all current expenditures. The item ran highest among theological schools, liberal arts colleges, and teacher-education schools; it ran lowest in the technological schools and the heterogeneous group of "other professional schools,” which includes schools of music, art, and other non-textbook subjects. Plant operation and maintenance. — Wages of janitors and other care¬ takers, cost of fuel, light, trucking of materials about the campuses, re¬ pairs to buildings, and other costs connected with the keeping of the physical plant involved a total expenditure of $240,446,096. In com- HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 33 parison with educational and general expenditures, this item ran higher among publicly controlled institutions than among those under private control, but in comparison with total current expenditures it was slightly lower among institutions under private control. It ran highest among theological schools and junior colleges and lowest in the university group, suggesting that size of student body or of physical plant is a factor in determing these costs. Related activities. — The conducting of museums, practice or demonstra¬ tion schools, and other activities closely connected with the instructional program but not actually integral parts of it, entailed a total expenditure of $147,853,783 and constituted 9.8, 7.7, and 6.0 percent, respectively, of the three groups of expenditure listed above. The 1951-52 figure represents an increase of 24.1 percent over its 1949-50 counterpart of $119,108,917. Whether this proportionately large increase, much greater than those in resident instruction (5.4 percent) and libraries (8.0 percent), is symptomatic of a trend or is merely a temporary condition is not determinable from the data at hand. Total educational and general , exclusive of extension. — The total expendi¬ ture for the five campus activities fisted above came to $1,505,873,376 in 1951-52. This was 8.0 percent more than the corresponding figure for 1949-50. Roughly 53 percent of this amount was expended at publicly controlled institutions and 47 percent at denominational and other pri¬ vately controlled institutions. Organized research. — Research programs carried on by institutions of higher education in 1951-52 entailed expenditures totaling $317,927,472. This figure is 41.1 percent larger than the $225,341,370 reported for this item in 1949-50 and is almost exactly double the $159,090,200 reported in 1947-48. The 1951-52 figure of nearly $318,000,000 may be compared with the income received from the Federal Government, specifically designated for the support of research projects, amounting to $220,812,127. Of the total of well over $300,000,000, just mentioned, more than 82 per¬ cent was spent at universities and more than 14 percent at technological schools. Approximately 3 percent was utilized at liberal arts colleges and the remaining 1 percent at other professional schools, teachers colleges, theological schools, and junior colleges. The $85,719 spent at teachers colleges is an especially interesting item, constituting as it does less than 0.03 of 1 percent of the research expenditures in higher educational institutions over the Nation. Extension. — University extension, including both formal and informal instruction of a noncurricular or a noncampus character, as w ell as various forms of community or public service, involved a total expenditure of $97,408,169 in 1951-52; this was 12.4 percent more than the $86,673,663 reported for this activity in 1949-50. The importance of extension in¬ struction and service in the land-grant college field is suggested by the 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 fact that out of every seven dollars spent on extension activities in 1951- 52, something like $6 was utilized by institutions of this description. Total educational and general expenditures 1939-40 TO 1951- 52. — When the educational and general expenditures of higher education for the past 12 years are analyzed by geographic division (table M), an increase is discernible for every area for every period compared. The total for 1951-52 is more than 3)4 times that for 1939-40, going to over 5)4 times the 1939-40 total in the western region. In no region is it less than 3 times the 1939-40 figure. The United States Service academies spent 2.86 times the amount they spent in 1939-40. The grand total of all educational and general expenditures for 1951-52 was $1,921,209,017. This was 77.8 percent of the total current expend¬ itures for the year. A gradually increasing emphasis on the educational and general functions of a college or university, as contrasted with those of an auxiliary or other noneducational character, is seen in the fact that the corresponding percentages for this item in earlier years were: 1945-46, 70.3; 1947-48, 73.0; and 1949-50, 76.0. When the 1951-52 total of educational and general expenditures is considered in relation to resident college students enrolled in the various types of institution, some very pronounced differences become apparent (table N). A convenient measure for this purpose is the number of resident college students enrolled in the fall of 1951. In general, publicly controlled institutions expended more per student ($1,014) than did those under private or denominational control ($816), although there are notable exceptions to this observation. Privately controlled technological schools ($1,779) and publicly controlled universities ($1,328) were the most expensive per student enrolled; theological schools ($589) and privately controlled junior colleges ($455) were the least expensive. These figures become more meaningful when they are refined by eliminating expenditures for research and extension, two activities having but limited relation to the number of resident college students enrolled. When this is done, the average expenditure per student enrolled drops from $914 to $716, with decreases of varying magnitude and varying proportionate importance in the various groups of institutions. Pub¬ licly controlled institutions as a group still expended more per student ($770) than those under private control ($664), with technological schools under private control ($974) and those under public control ($932) the most expensive per student, and publicly controlled junior colleges ($454) and privately controlled teachers colleges ($545) the least expensive. It should be clearly understood, of course, that each of these expenditure figures is derived by dividing one single student factor only (total resident students of college or higher standing) into educational and general expenditures for the entire fiscal year. The student factors do not include subcollegiate students nor those taking work under an extension Table M. — Percentage analysis, current expenditures, institutions of higher education in continental United States: 1951-52 [Financial data in thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 35 © £ § 3 H 3 P.+* a! 03 is a ® W a as ©j} OMO© IN .-i .-J o ©3 ©3 co ©4 o 3 S u ®.h oo tecstj 2 fH£.2SSl »ONCO lO -*< xt< CP ^NNCO 3S3SS co co o o PI OO PI rH 05 P*PI lO . to 3-0 § is gTJ a O 11 SB I 55 S3 g.3 O 05 *5a °*o- & £.5,2 gOaS _ g «<5tfJPLiO Ij’S 1 35 c fl +e o o 2.2-55 ^ flfl 3^0 m£?t< OH - ? XJ cl g 5 s _ 2 i p © t? Ss-gS1 s X3 w.® © -*2 SKs i 3 ua® C t3 © J? H 3 36 '3 a E BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Privately Controlled Institutions Percent of — Total current expendi¬ tures eo OOOOH CO osciciao tE CO 59.6 18.5 1.9 ©OOt-T* I © JO (N ! o © © OS »CN© CO - CO OS CO OONN 00 CO 56.1 18.1 7.7 00 CO 00 »-H 00 T-H 1"H 100.0 CO 00 00 © os C c. a o <3 £ O i a a * « a »o o O 00 CO CO 00 I Tf o 00 O Ci TT< 00 )C50*hW0«C5 C^fH^NOCCH NOn-N^^OO OQMOhhh^ 't>ooaoe*cOT*e*csno ' rH M C ’H TT C lO >^05^COt*«cOCOOIOO MMNNCONNC3N . _ o CO 03 05 CO 03 00 CO ic 3 05 < “3 f“C.o s^Sss «5 « >» « h •S^ff-s-S^-laa® -. a • .a — a afl ®.b © as a & * -s °tj,S V, a -a a 050 £=3 » = «.= S co aw Illl !s8|“ ^ a— • l = sg Ssflfl > © aa • rt 9 ►>§ © SgS SoS . a. <3 rf-a *§ss -a 5^3 © © ? - =: « a Es § 5 S© 2 a t3 'O = "33 <3 o«o« ZSSQ Table 2. — lncome/ expenditures , and property, institutions of higher education in continental United States, by type and control of institution: 1951-52, and totals for 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 EhS i-h CM © < ;g22 3 88 co© OHINM05 0 Q H © H lO >.§ 08 9 I a * o 1,919 I _ I 16,075 I 19,373 HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 49 111 : ffss : 1 § III a— 1 * OH i i iisss § i algss a 2 CO § ss s'ss 8 s' CO o s 11 s U3 II l§ tjT i i or § 1 1 of Ills RSfS’SS 1 5 ill C5 1 s of i § l=§ls S I 8|gss | ^ g EE3 R8SS *'3* CO i - 1 s oT iO 1 s s' L- o' IS Ii ®- I i or III i's'2 of isii cT i 3*a 1 Is 1* Sfe ill § § -5 i 1SI! JO 1 § 1 “• 1 s 00 CO g ii 5 SII 8-'- "115 eocd 2 52 j — g 5 i £ 11-11 1 1 0(f i-T C* 1-* I P I I S S‘ 5 g 11 12 i ® § ii ®- ; S*g8 Is 1*- S 3 1 5 slgls § si BOHH «0 £ 1 ||§1 nT 1 1 n 1 s II ft- S3 5 SI5 woo- IN 00 • ^ 1© ■ rr o 1 - sirs i il co' 1 5^^ 8 1 1 CO S 1 8 Is Ja II 1 g is - i sill co 1 00 1 8 | * £j22 | i j miiifiiij 1 Hi Hill 15 1 1 * ttOKJfc ° !lj i|| 111 £•■ a ® in i| g ii f i ft i ! i w ; - 1 I i si ii H gi il fi ii il ii H Ph ifi j! Ph jl 1 HI z, 2 c £ S 2 >3 Ip 111 3 3 3 HI HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 00 s CD 36, 407 19, 129 4, 376 42, 717 37, 945 27, 692 38, 425 49, 566 22, 677 68, 384 40, 409 24, 918 44, 372 112, 145 46, 821 21, 405 31, 583 431, 997 11, 590 257. 012 34, 113 8, 795 8, 916 2, 428 CO 03 »D03 O O C X *-< C D ^ X N cdt^frf id *d iHWlHSji 18, 749 16,913 1,609 72 5,178 10, 054 § cf COCOC.COQO^COtONeOiOO'tN^iO ^©HOC 03 i-H CO 03 1'- r-1 CO s »D of 1x001X0 ;8§M 10 1 1 rH CD Tt< O l 03 l>- CD l>- 1 ^ 1 1 2 © ID O co ID rr OiHHOOOONN^WNOOO^OO^ 1 co^N^cr.c^NHrtcoor-^ocH 03 ^ 03 03 CD 03 03 00 CD *-< ID of Tt< Ol 00 05 ID Ol CO CD CO i-t r-« 03 oc 03 03 CO CD 03 © 03 « ^ ID CO 00 CO O s § OOt^t^OOOCJOO^CiO^iO^^CDCOCD OOrHcD^CO(NO*HDOWfCCIOOC?:N NOONCQiOO'fNr-OiOODCDCCiOiC 00 ^ © OC CD~ of iO cd" CD CO go § Tf« 03 ID i-< CO CO CO CQIDCDM^ COCCC00003 «oW«-c« ID CD 03 03 1 ^ 03 O CD 00 1 i— • CD 03 CO r-l cd^edofr-T 8 CD 03 CO CD 03 03 O s CJCNOOOOiNONrH(NDXfO»HC^OO COW'tOOOr4CO^^OOOOCCD»ONCO CO f-TcTo 00 CO CD r-f id cd" CO 1-T id co" id 03 1-i COCSdM^nstlNiHCOOOCOiHW CO ID 50 CO OO CO CO 03 1— < 00 OO ID 03 OC CD o h O O CD 00 O CCCi'O'Of&C* 03 03 03 CD 00 »D rH 03 CO Is 1 S 03 03 CD co r- co ID r-f '*?CG CO 03 ^NOONONNOOhhoO^hON NOO^WNCiCO^CDOiCWCOOC^ ton COCOOJOOOOONiO^C'VOOrHCO i-T co ss cd CO 00 ID 03 ^ r- ONIOOO 1 oocoes^vo 1 ID CO 03 03 I 0^8 OOO^^OOM^CON^NNrfco^ DCCtD’VMOCCNOXO^CCN-rHsf 00!>i-iC^CDCDcDC0^00C0Cq^oc0'^00 co hhh of cdefi-f^cftd id CD CO 00 00 00 ID CD 03 »D 03 ^ CD 00 03 ^ rH 1-T of »-< ^ 03 03 CD N O X X h^COOh II C3 g *D §§ CO CO OiiO^OiONCON^fHCC^CCOCONN i-ics^oco^c^oocDOOiTj-cscccoTrt^ ■^DWNNOOOOOOrH^cOtOOOCNM 1-T i-fefcfi-Tcd CO S-T CO V of co" CD s hNOXD ! io co Ci iD i HCOOlH 1 cd 1 | ID ID O ID i TfN-^X i 1 CO 03 CD ' 1 i I § 03 03 S3 u 03 o5 ©HNtDOOW^OCOCHNNOOCON DCCMCOONCOOINCCCCCCOWM of r-fi-f r-f CO Of^cf a> 8 of ssmss CD CD H 03 CO ID rH ID 03 rH I ^ CO CD rH !! s « 00 OOCONtDNOSOSD^CSOOOOCOrHOcON 03 TT ID ^ CO Ol 03 CO CD i-h I-I 00 CD rf CO CO & CCrHCOHrHCD O- Tt c 03 X *D 03 CD CO Tff 03 1-1 00 ^ ^ ID C. D it CD C 03 CO iOh II i C3 00 TfsfOOJOOOOON^HOOOOO^ 1 N^OU^XMOODN^CCOOlCiO • CDNCOTfNCO^N^O^WND^ ■ OCDf-ft^00»0 ^of»oco COa0O3CCM111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • I 1 1 llllll <1111 1 llllll 1 1 1 1 1 1 llllll III!' 1 llllll till 1 llllll 1 1 1 1 • 1 llllll 1 1 1 1 1 1 llllll I 1 1 1 1 • llllll 1 1 1 1 1 1 llllll 1 1 1 1 1 1 llllll 1 1 1 1 1 1 llllll 1 1 1 1 1 1 llllll 1 1 1 1 • 1 llllll 1 1 1 1 1 : : ; : 8 : !d : : :: : -a iSbi • c (S ’ cs-c 2 £ , .5 q i Jislsg *§*si T^cso^o® o £!« a >1 g cooSsiz; w £ 0! & ; t> c t < u c $ p fc a a o ' ' £ i i i O i : ! |l ! 1 || i i i ! U \ j sp ; i \ 0 ; 3! 5 - :« 11 I « 3 )P3p-i 51 1 Includes also data for Independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological and “Other”), separate data for which are not presented in this table. * Less than $500. 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 1 1 ]! | O O S -O O v. H II j I i Total current income US co o *9 U5 co 104, 174 12, 541 5, 442 11,333 5, 390 5, 442 44, 182 11,024 4, 028 4, 792 501, 458 66, 970 53, 584 41, 757 31, 650 100, 204 48, 509 22, 819 18, 291 9,165 60, 259 7, 765 40, 485 Other current income 2 o r* us O O I 00 l>- Icon 1 f CO CO co 404, 145 59, 869 39, 434 33, 678 26, 223 79, 790 38, 312 19, 323 13, 721 7, 674 45, 729 6, 669 33, 723 Other sources © us CO cflT 1,012 CO O rH c OO 05 CO oo co us © rH os r- cd rf COU-00©©uSrf it^ us Tf CO CO I 19, 107 3, 192 444 227 2, 699 6, 423 786 1, 096 775 70 3, 212 183 State govern¬ ments us CO »fS CO US' r* us 44,358 6, 314 1,681 6, 189 1, 918 2, 715 16, 466 5, 991 1,934 1,150 217, 085 42, 163 22, 795 19, 386 10, 943 35, 241 19, 493 10, 102 7,650 5, 264 21,736 4, 136 18, 175 Federal Govern¬ ment For other purposes OS o? OS CO 8 CO 0 2 o §p* o S S g H 03 * 2 >, -x> a :s t? Q I O H CD £ j o D j o u Jr a> a O p * £ o ■3 15 C3 O o < X « 61 o © ^ ^ -§ **- M _ 0 W •- S El 5 5 > Q e a 'o T3 «*— 1 O TO T3 fl o3 to 3 O s$b 2il °g|| »*,*3 55 p SfrjJ © Oo^ofl^ WXS.C’Tl.a 03 £ © ot ,2 oi a A-2 w •a a § 3®T5 ◄ ba "o'* lil' *2 to O . A 8 :§£§•§ ar © h S^SSaS fi2al a ® 2 Iga a a s H S © © a o > © Jog © PS ■g © a ■2 > © co o g a ® O+J O 0 1 ^ © •a © E<4 cr O 3 a J- 2 73 £®3§ 3! 3 8 HiCCCNN^-^N HNOOOOWOONS OONH(N^OCON *0 CO OOONH C5 »o CO O* c WCONINHC cohionowwnn •W00N C* T^OOlO^OOCOCNCOO r-H COiOOHiOCiCOi CO ” O ^ O 1 005 10 CD 00 C* ic'csT icO(N(NHHIO )rHN^»OOOCO ) 05 00 *0 CD rH r co'oo oT > 05 05 1-H O l> TtH CO iOd COONNOi O 10 »o cs *Oi-TrsT ^ INC5COC 05 1 CO co *o c 00 1 CO H CO *■ lONHCOiCOf . JcSIn^C . ICOOOO^CO 00 0003c005M0» HIOW^IOOOHIO 5 CO -»-> !S1 « '-OiS 2 © d W Hs r' eg- W a §.ss***ijg » .59 a M *0 s •g W j 03 CL> g g-sss$il5s « |l|l||!USi| osszz;2S«> s BS3«asa22ome o HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 55 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological, and Other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 56 I £ 1 o I ■S 1 i .8 E 3 00 g 5 o «4-H o -s a I H Total current income i 1 374, 856 ISllliSlI 532, 045 SlsisaiSslil S' SS'SS'S S' S' 8 2‘“>'s‘-'s' Other current income 1 1 S 1, 723 K l3s*8S-" I "Sa^llS jS |S For scholar¬ ships, lellow- ships, and prizes e* s «* Mr 5, 501 1, 294 33 1,417 25 642 1,323 416 131 220 £ of Sls-"SIS”1 is . Auxili¬ ary enter¬ prises § I 58, 972 3,998 1,096 12, 577 2, 646 4, 685 21, 160 9. 498 2, 602 711 s s' 13, 474 17, 546 7, 087 4, 266 17, 125 8, 228 5, 186 3, 834 743 13, 098 184 5, 668 1 1 j 1 Total edu¬ cational and gen¬ eral = 1 « 1 1 20, 666 3,388 51, 554 7, 264 19, 472 132, 967 63, 462 6, 460 3, 427 431, 265 lliiisisslsl s's's's's's's'S-'s'-'s' Other sources o I 8 1 ©* 687 218 2,303 323 531 4,351 2, 379 115 64 7, 724 slslsilisl is Cfrt* rt* ! Organized activities related to instruc¬ tional de¬ part¬ ments 05 ! 17, 771 gin iisii j ocft-f 47, 676 S1S§IISSS| !§ co \in Private benefac¬ tions OD i s' 27, 722 2, 790 6,483 671 2, 975 10, 309 4, 147 186 161 26, 449 iEsssllsSlss <£t+tS oo* r-T of TfT esT Endow¬ ment earnings r* ZD i 5 |5|!§|g|R in CO t-H* IM* rtf ecf 886 ‘n ,c CO ' > State govern¬ ments US g 1 51, 037 883SS3332 ^rt*eoVflOCOCO.-f 167, 985 UllilliSsIB jjf 2* CO ®* OO CD >o CO* of CO* CO Federal Govern¬ ment For other purposes 1 CD* E 33, 616 sssasliSli ~ oo* dooOH 989 ‘fi ssisissssgsg t^eo*co*^*®~^*eo‘rH“ ci For vet¬ erans’ tuition and fees 1 s' 28, 238 sliillsls in i-Teo io" 20, 749 3, 606 2, 955 1,160 1,045 2, 856 1, 258 3,003 418 152 2, 175 105 2, 016 Student fees 1 ss £ 89, 540 4,984 QQQ 16, 290 2, 564 4, 444 39, 970 16, 824 2, 365 1,261 1 r CO slSSssilSIii ^coeoefofeoi-fi-f oo* in Region and State - Continental United States., Northeast _ . Connecticut _ Maine Massachusetts. . New Hampshire New Jersey _ New York _ Pennsylvania. . Rhode Island Vermont _ North Central. . Illinois _ Indiana Iowa _ . Kansas _ Michigan Minnesota _ Missouri _ . Nebraska _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ South Dakota Wisconsin _ . HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 57 rc © ^HH^OOCONHiCHfO^iCOOlNiO 04 QOOO-H’^NOOJOOCOOrHNCCiCCiO GO CO CO © 05 CO © ^ CO CO 04 04 O ^ O rt< © CO 1-T oT co © co" co" of oo co rtf of co of © © rtf ^ csToT co gj^joofcooo ef©Vfoo< of jf s I ©cot>-oo*ooo©coo©r^- COCOOCOOOOIONHN *0©00c00004c000t^04 rtf C£f 00 TjT of of CO CO of *C rjf CO 1-H rH rH 04 eo © oo of © rt< CO rtf 00 CC CO »OOiOOCOOONCOCO»0(N N»OCOClCIOiO»OiOOOO ^ H H CO OO rt< CO Tt* i-H CO £*• 05 04 05 co 04 05 CO © 04 04 of 05 00 i04*Ot>»04tN-04©00C0© 1 CO 04 CO 1-H 05 *0 to • 00 *0 1-H rH o w N CO © 04 © 05 00 CO 04 Tf CO CO 00 00 00 i 04 CO 04 O* © 04 © © CO © i 04 04 © rt« ,-H 00 i-H O r* 04 • r-H CM of r-T of | co of O CO N N CO O 1-H CO COON04 00 of of r-T © o CO o •OhcOOOhN 04 iO 04 h 04 04 CO 04 ^ 04 r-H rtf Of >-H rt* © © © © 04 ^ r^ CO © H 00 © rH © © 04 04 04 O © ©©00©0004©c000©04 CONOW^INNOHNCO 04 04 iH 04 © Tf 00 00 rH r-T r-T of IOOC4CO CO 0 04^0 04 T-H CO 00 Hof of »o CO 00 © © © 00 © 1 CO © 04 CO 1 i-H ^ © 1 i rH 04 © 1 04 CO © i 00 00 1 © © CO CO Tt< 0 i 04 1-H 05 rH 00 CO CO 04 04 04 CO 04 00 © CO » oco CO tf CO i-f^OT-ffcO CO ofl> 1 1 s of 05 CO 00 CO CO © CO © © ^ 05 © i-HTFCOrfOOr^OOrtH©04© O4iH0000^rH©O4^iH© of ©" © 04" rH~ iH ih" © 00 CO © © OO © © 04 00 © © of© 00 04 rt< CO CO ^ O CO O co 04 ! 00 rt< 05 CO CO CO rt< co rt< 04 © 00 rt< GO hh 1 co 04 CO 04 05 1-H CO © 00 rt< 1-H 05 04 1 CO O 00 ^ 05 CO i-f r-T i-Tr-T i-T co i i-f of i-H © co 05 00 cd CO t^r^C0©©-^iH04t^C0C0 cr-ocoTfHrHO©co^io rt< © © © CO 04 © © 04 ^ © of of of © oo CO © rt^ CO ^ © © ‘o»ooonoocococo‘oh^ooooo4 rt< COiHih04*hc005,^COCO^NOOCOCOCO 0^04NW00004iHNOOHOO^C004 r-T of r-T r-H i-H rH Of i-H s co" ^ CO 00 CO rf< © CO © CO 04 ©NCOOlr}^ ©©hNOI © ©©©04 04rHC0ts»©©C4 N OD r* © CO © 00 04 04 CO CO 53 © © 04 **< © © rH *^ © co oo© © © C0OOC005t^04iC^HC00 04 00 ^05C0 t- O CO © 05 © © 04 00 O CO 00 © rt< i-i CO rt< ^ 1-H of of of CO CO 1-H co 1-T of CO T-f CO 05 00 04 C0©*H©©04iH©©©^ r^00COrfl^©©©O4©© ©t^©O4lHiH©rH00©CO C0"C0 y-tr-4 1-* © © CO CO ^H O © SOUTH- . - Alabama . . . . Arkansas . . Delaware . - . Florida.. . . . Georgia. . . . Kentucky . Louisiana.. . . . Maryland.. . . . Mississippi- . . North Carolina. . Oklahoma. . . . . i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i t i • i i i i till i i i i i I i i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i l f C3 i i i i i i l till i i i i i i i i i i i Cl i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 I I 1 , 1 1 1 1 © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [till H* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; i i i c8 © ' i i i i i i Q : : i j '• : :g ;§gw>-£ -m ; SS3*Sfl"& .S2 Cdo.Sooa, !Eh£h>^ Q g HOOSS^IZ M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III' oc ! ! ! ! S iiii 1 1 1 1 p : : i i S ! ! ! a 1 ^ i i | i|j|l £ ;SJ1a & 1 i I ? ! ! c n ! S3 o.® 1 i 5® 1 ci j 3P ! © « • rbC ! | 1 < a P s !1 !C 1 1 1 1 ' 1 is iJ“ ! g-e ; 5 ® 1 * 3 325864—55 - 5 [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] 58 Total Cd current £2 income ^ g !> f1 SUR VEY r* w OF CO CO EDUCATION, MS©C^©rHt^*^t^Tt< MSTtCOt^ MS©©©COOO©^© nccVhoo cTms r-T^T MSOC^C^05t^0IC^01rH Tt<~ rH 05" 00 CO Of Mf CO~ © MS* © OJ rH rH Other current income h# CO eo N 455 53 124 2 1 194 81 740 Ot^NONX ! CO H © THrH©OOCO©CO© CO rH rH rH rH ^ Organized activities related to instruc¬ tional de¬ part¬ ments © CO r* eo GO CO OS CO CO • l t 05 00 1 1 Tf rH CO 1, 276 CO H H CO H CO i 05 05 05 MS O* 00 © rH lQOI>0OrH Private benefac¬ tions GO CO MS eo S 11,276 531 148 1, 411 278 597 4, 357 3,446 366 142 05 CO 2,269 2,156 1, 168 1,075 1, 457 1, 521 584 543 63 4, 089 236 1,030 Endow¬ ment earnings r* r* os w 9,504 713 787 3, 194 418 1,482 2,712 2 195 8,283 1,288 765 674 328 364 674 515 238 150 2,636 196 455 Local govern¬ ments © w r* o eo 1 i 1 1 1,665 1 1 IN l l l© 1 rH i rH l 1 1 t"- 1 1 1 N 1 rH l 1 1 1 O 1 1 1 MS 1 1 III III 1 1 III III 1 1 III III 1 1 III III 1 1 State govern¬ ments MS $68, 161 826 1 1 1 CO » • rH 1 CO CO II 1 t'— MS ll l MS rH 1 l l 1 l 1 1 l 1 l i i 05 00 o COM3 i © © 00 iMSHCOH ^ i © MS r>- l rH © © SO i © © -^T CM~ CM © 00 00 © © © © CM © rH 00 © CO © © ^ CM © 00 © © © H © © © © © CO © © 2 CO © © rH CM CO rH © © © © 00 © © cm© g 55 50 Jh ^ K 2 ^ 5 cm ?? cm 10 00 © CO © © © © © t- 05 CO r- ^ oo t- •*< cm rH -**< rH © <*« © eo oo cm 1 ©© HTt-CM©NC3 ^ CM © 00 CM • CM ^CMOOrH rH CM CM CO rH , 1 00 o SN is © 1 CO 1 1 CM 1 © 1 CM © © © © CO CM CM © 00 © -*« © t- ^ t- © CO 00 CM CO CO 00 © rH © co cm Cm cm © ^ r>- © oo © r— co cm ©© © 00 t- t- t- © ^ CM © 1-1 © rH co r-T HHCf © CM co“ Tt« © ©© $5 8 $5' 05 ©©00 CM © CM a CO 1 1 CO© i CO CO rH CM 00 t— © 00 00 © © ©t- iO©wCM©CMCOOO^©^^H co CMi-H i CM CM © rH CM rH oo © CM CM ? © CM Tf CO ©HNH © rH rH CM ^ CM t- t— t— © CM CM N CM 8. i i i i i i CM© 1 Tt< Tt< 00 i CM t— 1© 1^© I 1 t- IHOO rH I CO CO 100 1 CM rH i 1 IH 1 © 1 ICO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO 1 l l 00 1 1 • © I © i i i i • 1 CO CM00©r-CMt-rH00©©O©©©t-© 1 r- © cm ^ cm Tt< ^ oo r- oo co © ^ © rf< i OC5COH©CON^©^HHNCM©© 1 1-Tr-T t^V-T CO^CM^rH^rH^^W I 1 1 © t> © t- © t- © rH r2 r- t- s CM © CM © ^ CM ^ © © © © CM © -^ © CO 00 COCOHNNH©HCONHTf<^MifON rH »h t>. CM © 1 $ iss i © ss CM eo © eo co © CO 1 05“ t-©00©»H©O5iO©©rH©CM©©00 oo ©CMC0C0©CM©TT00 00 C0©^r-©O Tt«CO © CM CM © CM CO ^ © © © CO "^ © rr CM a a « > ' £ ! ! 1 ■ ! © : : |«2 : : «<3 : ®W ! 1 e’O : : IS i as :g i Ia ja ; !! » HO j 1 1 « 'ft 8 s Is s = IPs I § § I Table 3. — Current income , institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued F.— TEACHERS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Total current income S I I 33, 891 45, 473 gSlsISSlSggl oo^NNcDMiociW r-Tco Other sources O O s s 1 00 O OO CO lO gJ CO g 1 I S'® Organized activities related to instruc¬ tional de¬ part¬ ments 05 s * So is 3 i i g 147 21 40 98 6 370 5 49 is i Private benefac¬ tions QO i s£ a i 05 g |s | 1,044 Is i i^gg jg 168 8 323 Endow¬ ment earnings r* 1 8 j & i s co ! i i 1 00 *0 1 i i: 5 Local govern¬ ments CO 1 * 1,119 is 2, 353 i&sggsgss State govern¬ ments - £ i 19, 053 1,812 230 1, 750 451 2,281 5,801 5, 991 401 336 31, 998 IlsISSail fflfiN tF» CO *D 05 COCO^lOOHW NOCO»OHCOH CO CM rH cm” cm” cm” fH CO 00 ^ iO CO ^ CO »0 05 rH *o 00 00 ^ 00 ic CO io t>* CO 2 “ ' 05 t>- lO ■ 40 CM CO O C : CO lO t - - ‘ « tO ' oo *o CO i-T»o 1-h” ; ; ; j !i-h^ ! j ; ; ; ; i i to i i co i * ii i i CM i i ii ii ii CM 05 o O 00 CM ^ CM §8 05 co o co co io CO 00 CO CO Fj c3 ^ S' c3 p o CO i'O i 2^3 c |ll|sl?|-s^| ■gc30i20iuS£-2o3>> [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Total current income © s eo 22, 438 rHCM©©COI^Tt<©00 © © © © 1 © © © rf 00 00 CD CD r-( CD CD co cm" t-T r-T 22, 656 *OCDCOCDCMCO»-tCDt'-CDt>»CD ©CMr-.CM©CMCMrt<©rH©CM CO©t^©COCMCMCO©COCMr-i 40 r-TrH CMVhVT ,-T Other current income h# w eo O 00 CO ^ ! O CM 1 CD 1-H 120 1 • 1 00 1 CO CM 1 CM 1 1 1 CM ihh 1 © 111 1 1 © For scholar¬ ships, fellow- ships, and prizes eo © CD WJ «*■ CM CD co !co i CM 1 coe»,-i eo s ^ FH CD »H CM CM • 1 Auxili¬ ary enter¬ prises w CD N 6,510 184 298 1,562 321 1,408 1,941 449 9 339 5,633 CD©rHOOTt*<©i> 40 CM 10 CM CM CM CM »-h CO Educational and general income Total edu¬ cational and gen¬ eral 2 § GO CfiT o CD 00 10" 705 590 2,109 375 1,313 9,137 1,191 60 306 16, 852 T#<©T*<©©©05CM©C0rHCM 4Ot'»CD©CD00t"»©CDt''»CO4O OOCMr-CO©©©CO©CMrH© r*T r-T r-T CM* CO Other sources S © © 192 CDON^CDN O* CM CO rH 00 CO go 8 © © COrHCM©COrH©OOOQ CO CM H H © Organized activities related to instruc¬ tional de¬ part¬ ments © £ <* 234 CM © © 1 © CM 122 11 1 1 I 1 t>. ^ l H 40 1 © II 1 00 1 rH II l l ^ CM Private benefac¬ tions GO W GO r- ID CD CO 00 127 1 24 CM © CO O^H ih eo N CO CM O 00 CM©©00©Ot^CM ! © © 00 Endow¬ ment earnings r* § N W €©■ 183 WCD^h WN r— 1 © 10 © 1,073 CO CM © © j | © CM j ^ r* Local govern¬ ments CD w CD eo 458 05 CM 1 05 CM 1 rH CM 1 1 CM 5, 974 r>-oocM©©oor^©© ©CMO©©i-hOO© CM © © 1> T* rH CM CO CO 00 State govern¬ ments © r* o CD © N 0* 5,033 241 1 © CD 1 00 1 tjT ! 1 1,415 CM 00 CM © 1 00 IN CM ^ 00 OO iCO 1 © © 1 ICO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 © 1 CM 1 CO Federal Govern¬ ment For other purposes CD 0* © 1 1 1 © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CD 1 1 1 ^ CM 1 1 1 © For vet¬ erans’ tuition and fees eo © o 2,343 ONH CD 05 CO rH CO 218 1,454 41 34 8 578 CM©©t^^©OO^COCOCO© ^ HH©H© ©00 rH Student fees w s eo N 6,493 | CDCDCD05T^ICCDCDCD OONNNCD^MCO CM © CO t> © 00 CM 5,566 ©0©CM^©CO©©^t'~rH ©©CO©rH©rHrHOO©©© © CM © rH rH rH rH cm" Region and State - Continental United kjuai/vj - [ORTHEAST . . . Connecticut _ _ Marne - - - Massachusetts . . New Hamnshire New Jersey _ New York.. . Pennsylvania _ _ Rhode Island Vermont.. . . iORTH Central . . Illinois. . . . Indiana . . . . Iowa . . Kansas _ _ _ Michigan. _ _ Minnesota . . . Missouri - - Nebraska.. . North Dakota . . Ohio _ South Dakota . . . Wiseonsin i 1 HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 63 1 8? ©00000 05 M 00 fO ^ w h XOhOCCO cm" r-T CONOCONthOMN-^ «—^O^C005OC0O00 »OTfO‘OOOH^rHWH ©" cm" ef f-T co" ^ r-T 51,556 624 42, 492 2,453 566 395 1,114 876 1,259 1,633 144 ri CM In- X © cm ! 1 1 1 j ;£ 1 1 1 HHOOOOtO 1 1-1 00 1 i T-H i-| I^H 1 > i a a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 © © ! i © 1 f-H 1 CO © ^ ^ ^ CM i-H IrH© rH i-H iH 1 CM ^ I X © i-i CM Cm" 2S388Fi Nh hN^ MOOON^OIONOON COfhMiOOfhIOOiOW ©oooowowo-^co HH t-TCM^t-T x CO OOHOOtO CM CO ^ t-» t>» 1-4 © © cm" HH©© © X Tf X y—{ CM CM ©" CM cm i-h co © co t>- 8S*sggS C^COCMCOOOi-HCOCO^i-H N©^Tf^ c - C^IO Tf^^»0i0rt©0»»0 co" cm" »-<" f-T oo" cm" CM © 00 CO CM t— i © © © © — X CM © ^ © X ©V-T © © X CM ^ CM X © Tji X © © i-H CM r» CM CO © O MXO CO fH COH 1 CO CM i-i CM © CO CM CM 1 © O CO TJ1 ' *“* CM ^ 1 © 88 hn»Oh ^ CO CO CM © © X CM CM CM o n fH © CO 1 1 ^ CO W* Tf« 1 i-H CO 1 © ^< CO CM ©5 1 © IH ^CM 1 ri • iH 1 1 1 1 © X h^INh © x ! i x © cf io ^ io © CO r-4 o oo (©NOOOOCOCOCOOON iXr-XX©XXXX • r-t CO CM CO i-i CO cm CM 1 1 • CM CM 1 • © co i i i i i O © © X !cmx lO ^ 110 05 1 SgS'-SsSS is S CO • i 1 T— ( 1 © IQ 00 CO OON 82^ i iii CO CM 1 ^ 1-1 1 1 1 © WN i CM © i i i O « CM * i i f-T ' CM* ' ' 1 III i to" CM t}*cO©HtH X CM © CM CO CM ^ © CO CM © X © © N8S 8 ©* ! o 1 © 1 t © i © 1 1 O CO 1 CO O I 00 CM © ! © i i-i CM • © CM CO i r-H © l © 1 © i-l CM 1 1 1-T ' CM* 1 1 1 1 a a i i i i © © x" © © X © i-H © ^ X X © r-i CM X CM © © © © © X X © © hCMNO 1 1 1 T~t ! CO i © iiii CO i i i i i i i i CM i i i i iiii iii X 8 * X CM ! i © © i i X i— i i i i i i i i i i ooo X X CO 8 x" O lO (N © ^ 00 © X CO ^ ! tTCOCCCOOOMON • CM rt ri 00 t— i i © © co" CM i-H t*- © © T- X T-H T-l hXCM cm" CM CM CM X © F-< X X X rH 1-4 CO 8 00 WC^NCO© CM 1-1 1- COCO Xt^©XX*<*<©©©X tTf-occmoc^ccoox© 1— »t'»©!— It— «COCOCMC0^3< X 8 cm" h © © CM X CM ^ © CM CM T}4 © © FH TJ4 X © X X CM CM X CM X N 8 South . . . Alabama . . Arkansas _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * ' a .' >>© 5=sd«i :2 “5^ 5 "5 o a z >2 o © c i a a i i i i i i • a a a i a a a a i a i i i i i i i i i *CT i i i i i i i i i •— i i i i a ■ i i i d i i i a i i i i i w i i C3 • c3 • • • • 3 : '<3 :o \ \ \^o sj’s :-s : : :cu |,sl^|3| UK ! o3 g SSiS-23 lSSfcOm&t6t>£Q 1 IIII 1 IIII 1 IIII ! Iii! i j|o ie : goSdl : = ! fa C3 oJc g <50DS^ a £ U ! a ■ P 5 C \Z O 3 H ill ! £ | 5 o £ \ZC ' fl L’Se a g i * c c •i : tt > a •» a : a o £ ! © ! 09 \ 1 ■— 1 fat : ss « > &a : ^ 1 C : I ! I i > r D 9 • U 3 B - 2 l S 0 P 0! c > : i I > 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 4. — Plant fund receipts, institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution, by region and State: 1951-52 [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] All institutions 1 Liberal Region and State Total Public Private Univer¬ sities arts colleges Teachers colleges Junior colleges 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States _ $355,614 $234, 580 $121,034 $190,294 $77,706 $42,068 $20,098 75,731 22, 912 52, 820 39,024 18, 265 7, 504 1,646 7,574 2, 126 5, 500 188 2,073 1,938 3, 016 188 555 3,993 10 1, 920 18 Massachusetts . . . 13, 399 127 6,521 107 7, 879 20 3, 147 107 3, 390 20 2,055 84 4,020 30,009 15, 259 2, 504 713 2 4,018 20, 234 2,817 21,241 5, 691 506 277 New York. . . 9, 774 1,418 5,409 6, 227 30 1,108 Pennsylvania . . 13,842 2, 504 310 1,418 78 2,422 394 402 239 8 72 North Central . 112,842 86,664 26, 178 64,201 23, 649 20, 424 1,414 27, 623 9, 568 4, 965 6, 213 18, 607 7, 063 3,590 5, 475 17, 204 6, 348 1,599 9,016 2,605 1,375 738 12, 095 6, 003 9,968 1,238 820 3, 810 2,302 1,077 254 Iowa _ _ _ 2, 807 2, 368 15, 431 6, 348 2,085 1,304 1,550 241 1,054 2, 485 1,349 263 2,546 231 Michigan... . . 19; 807 8, 388 2, 602 2,040 2,598 629 1,525 350 23 14 Missouri _ _ _ 4, 197 2, 267 1,151 321 273 Nebraska. . 1,738 446 195 North Dakota . . 3', 876 11,775 1,727 12, 436 3, 876 8, 481 1,682 11,000 1,373 3, 721 566 821 132 Ohio 3,294 45 7, 912 South Dakota . 513 644 4 Wisconsin . . . 1,436 5,786 367 5, 877 48 South . 103, 191 68, 394 34, 796 51,322 25, 367 10, 778 7, 075 Alabama.. . . . 2, 220 3,762 1,707 513 984 549 83 30 Arkansas 3, 063 698 3,038 731 724 Delaware 906 906 175 Florida _ 4, 146 3,041 4, 265 1,105 2, 057 2, 053 1,350 1,840 70 2, 038 2,007 913 101 Georgia . . . 6, 322 3,695 134 733 Kentucky . . . 3, 724 1,672 2,787 4, 106 877 1,282 1,672 795 165 Louisiana 4, 138 670 475 Maryland . . . 5, 946 2, 422 993 2,014 92 500 Mississippi.. . 2,011 11,131 1,941 409 327 1,183 North Carolina . 5, 658 5,132 1,151 5, 573 5, 373 3, 976 1,052 1,633 3,647 1,037 1,526 902 475 Oklahoma _ _ 6,351 1,220 432 South Carolina . . 1,745 7, 242 22, 708 10, 620 4, 775 5, 443 594 595 53 Tennessee . . 4, 242 3, 000 6, 536 1,977 766 2, 955 2,164 454 27 Texas . 16, 173 15, 752 2,508 995 2, 709 3, 676 1,959 3, 189 50 Virginia 8,644 4, 009 332 West Virginia . . 1,809 12 District of Columbia _ 5, 443 5,171 147 124 West . . 63, 850 66, 610 7,240 35, 747 10,425 3, 362 9, 962 Arizona . . 2, 026 34, 122 4,109 918 2, 026 29, 723 3, 779 762 1,255 10 California _ _ 4,399 331 15, 865 3, 066 7, 191 76 7,931 140 Colorado . 234 Idaho.. . 855 63 848 70 Montana . 2,308 2, 308 673 570 516 249 Nevada . . . New Mexico . . 4, 301 6,080 3, 682 5,653 649 4,164 5, 595 2,677 138 2,597 715 481 239 Oregon . . . 485 5,283 3, 550 3, 302 649 349 253 146 Utah . . 1,006 819 14 119 Washington _ _ _ 4, 835 649 663 623 1,060 Wyoming . . U. S. Service Academies _ Outlying parts of the United States _ 683 674 9 665 18 Alaska . . 9 9 9 Hawaii... . . 154 154 154 Puerto Rico . . . 520 611 9 511 9 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological, and Other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. 3 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting insti¬ tutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 65 Table 5. — Plant fund receipts , institutions of higher education, by source, region, and State: 1951-52 A —ALL INSTITUTIONS » [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] Region and State Total Federal Govern¬ ment State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Private gifts and grants Other sources Transfers from cur¬ rent funds Loans for plant ex¬ pansion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States . $355,614 $12,657 $144,187 $16, 075 $71, 606 $12,846 $50,336 $47,907 Noetheast . 75, 731 2,291 10, 973 9,430 22, 727 2, 517 13, 531 14,263 7 574 1,625 3,646 1,928 103 83 189 2, 126 1,427 198 71 430 13, 399 5,507 2, 898 111 3,656 1,228 127 6 87 34 4,020 3, 354 248 225 193 New York _ 30,009 266 9,430 6,538 933 5,692 7,150 Pennsylvania.... 15; 259 400 1,418 6, 0.50 911 3, 459 3,021 Rhode Island ... 2,504 372 12 116 2,005 Vermont . . '713 402 154 1 141 15 Nobth Central.... 112,842 1,257 60,842 4,683 21,318 3,112 13,320 8,309 Illinois _ _ 27,623 29 16,199 27 4,762 912 2,438 3,255 9 568 395 3, 656 2,076 147 2,686 609 Iowa . 4,965 (*) 2,231 22 985 72 557 1,098 6, 213 5,047 31 665 17 140 313 Michigan . . 19; 807 200 7; 705 2,140 6,171 501 2,733 355 8, 388 165 5, 171 982 117 1, 176 777 Missouri... . 4, 197 302 '700 150 1,069 1,107 817 52 2 267 1, 520 479 31 237 North Dakota.. 3; 876 3,042 3 831 Ohio. . . li; 775 3,639 2,311 2,840 138 1,643 1,204 South Dakota _ 1,727 C 682 19 7 7 12 Wisconsin . 12, 436 166 10, 249 2 1,268 59 56 635 South . 103, 191 7, 882 42,303 685 22,034 4,084 15, 545 10,658 Alabama _ 2,220 377 566 180 1,066 30 Arkansas . . 3,762 51 1,948 695 29 1,038 Delaware.. . . 906 175 523 17 190 Florida _ 4, 146 1, 750 602 62 1,717 16 Georgia . . 6,322 251 2, 197 50 1,260 30 1, 525 1,010 Kentucky _ 3, 724 4, 138 750 1,408 122 355 1,090 Louisiana _ 2,132 1,215 178 612 Maryland . 5,946 1,255 3, 104 906 30 652 Mississippi _ 2,011 1,452 9 37 1 262 250 North Carolina. . 11,131 119 4,989 6 4,758 406 744 109 Oklahoma _ 6, 351 177 1,492 99 449 171 703 3, 261 South Carolina.. 1,745 1, 141 547 31 27 Tennessee _ 7,242 587 2,848 33 1,897 181 674 1,022 Texas _ 22, 708 1,809 6,391 487 5,120 2, 439 3, 750 2,713 Virginia. . 10,620 75 7,570 1,296 147 1,058 474 West Virginia _ 4,775 3,988 314 73 400 District of Co¬ lumbia . 5, 443 3,559 442 59 1,100 283 West . . 63,850 1,227 30,069 1,276 5, 527 3,134 7,940 14,677 Arizona . . 2,026 1,500 10 85 431 California . 34,122 590 17,770 873 2,992 2,045 4, 760 5,091 Colorado . . 4,109 434 1,504 82 575 50 390 1,074 Idaho . 918 785 63 70 Montana. . 2,308 1,648 25 271 177 187 Nevada _ _ New Mexico... 4, 301 266 231 666 3, 138 Oregon _ 6,080 7 1,202 220 121 846 3, 685 Utah . 3, 682 130 1,585 879 200 888 Washington . 5,653 67 3, 181 311 676 214 600 604 Wyoming _ 649 628 12 9 U. 8. Service Academies . Outlying parts of the United States . 683 3 175 11 (*) 399 90 Alaska. . . . 9 7 2 (*) Hawaii.. _ 1.54 3 42 13 96 Puerto Rico . 520 125 9 386 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological, and Other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. * Less than $500. 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 5. — Plant fund receipts, institutions of higher education, by source, region, and State: 1951-52 — Continued B— UNIVERSITIES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] Region and State Total Federal Govern¬ ment State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Private gifts and grants Other sources Transfers from cur¬ rent funds Loans for plant ex¬ pansion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States . $190, 294 $8,930 $71, 044 $13, 892 $34,051 $7,545 $31, 672 $23, 161 Northeast _ 39, 024 614 2, 447 9, 430 11,411 1,221 7,396 6,504 3,016 188 1,277 1,509 41 189 120 1 66 3, 147 107 776 1,077 14 1, 253 87 28 New Hampshire. 20 2, 817 21,241 5, 691 2,422 394 2, 600 3, 786 2, 030 290 217 New York— 221 9,430 464 3,082 2, 792 116 4,259 4 Pennsylvania _ 393 473 12 2, 005 394 (0 North Central _ 64, 201 1,228 33,799 4, 428 11, 191 1,856 8, 540 3, 159 Illinois _ 12,095 6,003 2, 807 6,342 2, 990 1,497 2,348 1,315 306 316 1, 122 1,967 395 94 1,209 534 Iowa _ 53 418 2, 368 15,431 6, 348 2,085 1,304 2,301 5, 107 5, 171 423 67 Michigan _ 200 2,117 4,907 47 484 2, 615 165 93 871 302 249 645 466 1,214 716 14 25 50 1, 550 7, 912 513 3 831 Ohio.. . 2,570 513 2,311 1,312 103 840 775 South Dakota _ Wisconsin. 5,786 166 4, 954 625 40 0) South . . . . 51, 322 6,294 17,007 33 8, 787 2, 369 11,473 5, 358 Alabama 984 150 26 27 781 Arkansas 3,038 731 51 1,948 1,038 190 Delaware.. 523 17 Florida _ 2,038 3,695 877 342 46 1,650 1,220 217 Georgia. 250 851 767 1 607 Kentucky 85 82 492 Louisiana 670 113 557 Maryland. 2,422 409 1,255 350 179 22 616 Mississippi 184 225 North Carolina.. 5, 373 3, 976 1,052 1,633 15, 752 2,508 995 119 2, 388 400 2, 296 139 37 533 Oklahoma _ 177 153 640 2,466 South Carolina. . 1, 052 1,012 6, 226 Tennessee 33 54 142 229 163 Texas .. 809 3,959 140 1, 611 114 1,767 707 1,380 Virginia _ _ 75 1,472 West Virginia _ District of Columbia. . 974 21 5, 171 3, 559 277 4 1,081 250 West.. . 35, 747 794 17, 791 2, 662 2,098 4,263 8, 139 Arizona 762 550 15 197 California _ 15, 865 3, 066 590 10, 307 1,078 999 1,493 2, 477 379 Colorado.. 503 35 1,072 Idaho _ _ Montana 673 400 39 47 188 Nevada _ New Mexico _ 2, 597 5,283 3, 550 3, 302 649 5 92 2, 500 3, 488 Oregon _ 7 1,133 1,485 2, 210 628 1 117 538 Utah . 130 852 200 882 Washington 67 281 210 534 Wyoming... _ 12 9 U. S. Service Acad¬ emies _ Outlying parts of the United States _ 665 2 167 399 96 Hawaii . . 154 2 42 13 96 Puerto Rico— . 511 125 386 1 1 Less than $500. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 67 Table 5. — Plant fund receipts, institutions of higher education, by source, region , and State: 1951-52 — Continued C— LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] Region and State Total Federal Govern¬ ment State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Private gifts and grants Other sources Transfers from cur¬ rent funds Loans for plant ex¬ pansion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States. . . $77, 706 $132 $25, 964 $64 $28, 784 $2, 653 $6, 794 $13,315 18,265 45 8,775 958 2,300 6, 188 555 409 62 83 1,920 3,390 20 1,300 1,662 6 190 430 11 517 1,200 14 New Hampshire. 506 313 193 5,409 6, 227 45 1,907 3,026 320 1,087 539 2, 049 2,288 374 Rhode Island _ Vermont . 239 150 0) 73 15 North Central _ 23,649 10, 312 31 7,111 190 2, 374 3,632 9, 968 6, 288 1,690 735 82 840 1,068 445 lj 238 4 53 Iowa _ '820 461 4 5 350 1,054 2, 485 1,349 263 200 31 386 14 120 303 857 1, 168 429 17 88 355 23 264 633 185 5 74 Nebraska _ 446 254 5 187 North Dakota... 1,373 3,721 566 1,373 1,068 525 Ohio _ _ 1,528 15 23 711 391 South Dakota _ 7 7 12 Wisconsin . 367 259 7 26 75 South . 25, 367 87 8,881 33 11, 073 1,284 1,604 2, 406 Alabama _ 549 200 292 2 55 Arkansas _ 724 695 29 Delaware. . _ 175 175 Florida _ _ 2,007 913 1, 750 390 159 16 67 16 Georgia . _ 446 26 51 Kentucky _ 1,282 1,672 993 853 1 66 362 Louisiana _ 866 748 52 6 Maryland _ 240 710 7 36 Mississippi _ 327 276 12 1 37 North Carolina. . 3,647 1,037 595 1,075 2, 102 310 320 135 15 Oklahoma 200 18 10 499 South Carolina.. 89 452 30 24 Tennessee _ 2, 955 2,709 3, 676 1,959 147 87 612 1,816 40 107 294 Texas _ _ 24 33 950 707 649 345 Virginia _ 1,793 1,193 1,073 314 28 308 474 West Virginia _ District of Columbia _ 52 400 141 6 West . . 10, 425 6, 771 1,826 1 222 517 1,090 Arizona _ California . 7,191 76 5,426 1,114 167 245 239 Colorado 65 11 Idaho . 848 785 63 Montana _ 570 400 11 28 131 Nevada _ New Mexico ... 715 160 22 34 500 Oregon _ _ 349 176 31 142 Utah . 14 8 6 Washington . 663 389 5 65 204 Wyoming . U. S. Service Acad¬ emies . Outlying parts of the United States 18 7 11 (0 Alaska _ _ 9 7 2 (0 Puerto Rico... . 9 9 1 Less than $500. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 5. — Plant fund receipts, institutions of higher education , by source, region , and State: 1951-52 — Continued D.— TEACHERS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] Region and State Total Federal govern¬ ment State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Private gifts and grants Other sources Transfers from cur¬ rent funds Loans for plant ex¬ pansion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United $42,068 $2, 125 $33, 178 $150 $775 $824 $3, 159 $1,859 Northeast _ 7, 504 1,625 5, 779 71 2 28 3,993 1,625 2, 369 Massachusetts _ . . 2,055 1,985 71 New Hampshire. 30 2 28 Pennsylvania _ 1,418 1,418 8 8 North Central _ 20, 424 16, 381 150 632 507 1,714 1,040 3, 810 2, 302 3, 569 666 237 3 14 48 1,424 13 150 Iowa . . . 1,077 2,546 1,525 735 330 2, 546 1,522 Michigan . 3 Minnesota _ 350 350 Missouri _ _ 1, 151 277 150 15 458 252 Nebraska.. . 321 306 14 1 North Dakota... 821 821 Ohio . .. . South Dakota _ 644 644 Wisconsin. 5, 877 5, 295 23 560 South _ _ 10, 778 500 8,885 1 96 820 476 Alabama.. . 83 8 37 38 Arkansas _ Delaware... _ Florida... . . Georgia _ 134 110 24 Kentucky 795 750 45 Louisiana 475 475 Maryland . . 2,014 92 2, 014 92 Mississippi North Carolina.. 1,526 1,526 Oklahoma 902 679 48 176 South Carolina Tennessee. . 2,164 454 500 1,092 272 300 Texas.. . 1 59 393 Virginia 332 332 West Virginia _ District of Columbia . 1,809 1,809 West 3, 362 2, 133 71 218 597 343 Arizona _ _ 1,255 950 70 235 California _ Colorado. . _ 234 220 14 Idaho _ Montana . . 517 316 1 200 Nevada _ _ New Mexico _ 481 106 237 138 Oregon . 253 69 4 125 55 Utah Washington _ 623 472 150 Wyoming. . U. S. Service Academies . HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 69 Table 5. — Plant fund receipts , institutions of higher education , by source, region, and State: 1951-52 — Continued E— JUNIOR COLLEGES i [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] Region and State Total Federal Govern¬ ment State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Private gifts and grants Other sources Transfers from cur¬ rent funds Loans for plant ex¬ pansion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States . $30, 093 $1,001 $3,051 $1,919 $3,418 $568 $3,963 $7, 179 1,646 664 113 628 241 10 10 18 7 6 5 84 34 6 44 Xew Hampshire. 277 160 7 110 New York _ 1, 108 78 431 93 391 193 Pennsylvania _ 19 1 10 48 72 3 (*) 68 North Central _ 1,414 (1 2 3) 132 75 964 15 39 190 254 27 59 168 241 (2) 22 199 15 5 231 201 20 10 23 23 Minnesota. . . 14 14 Missouri. _ 273 247 14 12 Nebraska 195 195 North Dakota... 132 132 Ohio _ _ South Dakota _ 4 4 Wisconsin _ 48 2 46 South _ . 7, 075 1,001 2, 042 569 738 140 939 1,647 Alabama _ 30 30 Arkansas. . Delaware . . Florida... .. 101 101 (2) Georgia _ 733 1 275 46 8 403 Kentucky _ 165 95 37 26 8 Louisiana _ Maryland _ 500 500 Mississippi _ 1,183 900 9 25 250 North Carolina.. 475 6 299 49 26 94 Oklahoma 432 213 99 120 South Carolina. . 53 49 2 3 Tennessee. 27 27 Texas . 3, 189 50 1,000 141 454 55 829 709 Virginia. . _ 17 5 28 West Virginia _ 12 12 District of Co¬ lumbia 124 24 49 18 33 West . . . ... 9,962 877 1,276 52 299 2, 357 5, 101 Arizona . . 10 10 California _ 7, 931 140 873 1 294 1,914 4,848 3 Colorado.. 47 82 7 2 Idaho _ 70 70 Montana _ 249 232 13 3 Nevada . . ... New Mexico. ... 239 239 Oregon . ... 146 11 (2) 134 Utah . _ _ 119 100 19 Washington. 1,060 498 311 250 Wyoming U. S. Service Acad¬ emies _ 1 Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting insti¬ tutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. 3 Less than $500. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other non¬ expendable funds, institutions of higher education, by fund, region, and State: 1951-52 A— ALL INSTITUTIONS » [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] Region and State Total receipts all funds (col¬ umns 3, 5, 7, and 9) Endowment funds Funds func¬ tioning as endowment Annuity funds Student loan funds Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . $164,308 $125, 787 $66, 101 $32,572 $25,882 $3, 636 $2,863 $2,314 $1,314 Northeast . . 68, 054 52, 409 36, 339 14, 341 13,115 788 600 516 178 11 877 11, 773 9, 238 59 59 45 24 420 395 146 16 16 10 8 Massachusetts _ 23, 268 12, 549 11,316 10,298 9, 279 306 166 116 27 1,825 1,814 1,066 11 (J) New Jersey _ 4, 985 4; 695 2, 132 255 241 12 12 24 5 New York. _ _ _ 16, 208 12,074 7, 228 3, 522 3,345 370 343 241 86 Pennsylvania.. . . . . 8,811 8, 597 5,006 73 58 85 76 57 24 Rhode Island _ _ _ . . 399 274 181 103 101 15 4 8 1 Vermont . . . 260 239 27 17 17 1 4 4 North Central _ 24, 729 17, 121 8, 764 5,806 5, 305 853 432 949 668 Illinois - - 7,847 4, 252 2, 468 3,005 2,821 460 124 130 44 Indiana.. . 1,583 1,008 944 179 66 100 98 296 271 Iowa . . . . 453 267 124 74 73 56 46 56 19 Kansas _ _ 750 623 128 42 42 24 11 62 63 Michigan . . 785 674 418 46 44 6 6 59 52 Minnesota . . 4,470 4,028 833 381 375 26 26 36 10 Missouri . . 2, 523 2,206 1,802 78 70 76 18 163 116 Nebraska. . 137 124 106 3 3 1 1 9 4 North Dakota _ 52 26 26 2 2 17 17 7 5 Ohio.. _ _ 5,417 3, 257 1,496 1,960 1,776 86 86 114 84 South Dakota _ 119 109 59 1 1 9 6 Wisconsin _ _ 592 548 361 34 34 10 4 South . . 55, 067 46, 370 16, 336 7, 245 4,587 845 816 607 324 Alabama _ 335 216 175 20 (2) 99 63 Arkansas . . . . 53 50 34 2 (2) Delaware . 1,865 1,569 1,567 294 3 Florida . . 432 280 179 109 92 4 39 21 Georgia . . . . .. 2,871 2,650 914 88 133 61 Kentucky . . . 1,110 826 350 89 54 173 172 22 11 Louisiana . . 4, 362 4,350 4,267 7 7 6 (2) Maryland . 3,344 1,077 315 2, 139 1,845 121 120 7 7 Mississippi . . . 50 46 46 (2) (2) 3 2 North Carolina . 4, 478 1,294 923 3, 117 1,806 66 20 Oklahoma . . 1,551 1,504 160 4 13 12 31 16 South Carolina . . 273 251 230 23 16 Tennessee . . 1,786 1,052 547 244 242 467 467 23 13 Texas . . . 29, 992 29,600 5, 774 295 61 96 66 Virginia . 1,680 1,218 604 376 82 47 29 39 20 West Virginia _ 165 148 72 2 2 9 9 7 7 District of Columbia _ 719 238 179 469 403 (2) 12 1 West . . . . 16, 458 9,886 4,662 5, 180 2,875 1,150 1,015 241 144 Arizona _ _ .. 3 3 California _ _ _ 12, 337 6,052 3, 120 5,055 2,801 1,096 960 134 77 Colorado . . . 286 158 122 76 56 20 20 31 25 Idaho.. . . . . 605 595 g 2 1 8 8 Montana _ ... 132 116 2 13 13 3 2 Nevada . . . 1 1 1 New Mexico . 448 443 4 5 5 Oregon _ _ 280 205 117 29 3 29 29 17 7 Utah . . . . 12 8 5 1 1 4 1 Washington . . . 2, 108 2,064 1,284 4 (2) 4 4 35 20 Wyoming . . 246 244 1 1 U. S. Service Academies.. Outlying parts of the United States. 368 341 24 27 27 Alaska.. . . 2 (2) 2 1 Hawaii _ _ 28 28 24 Puerto Rico . 338 313 25 25 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological, and Other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. > Less than $500. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 71 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other non • expendable funds, institutions of higher education , by fund, region, and State: 7957- 52 — Continued B.— UNIVERSITIES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] Region and State Total receipts all funds (col¬ umns 3, 5, 7, and 9) Endowment funds Funds func¬ tioning as endowment Annuity funds Student loan funds Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ $108, 165 $89, 115 $40, 145 $16,272 $11, 536 $1, 398 $1, 120 $1, 380 $782 42, 379 38, 861 25, 785 2, 778 2,555 401 390 338 109 11, 559 153 8, 553 1,766 4, 439 11,019 4,462 395 34 11, 484 144 8, 073 1, 755 4, 416 8, 304 4, 399 273 14 9,003 38 7, 244 1,031 2, 023 4, 859 1, 394 180 13 42 42 34 9 26 11 23 189 35 8 4 19 8 23 (9 4 44 6 1 4 371 288 83 83 2,224 22 102 17 2,086 22 101 17 302 5 12 301 5 1 Rhode Island. . . Vermont _ _ _ 18,028 12,033 5,738 5,080 4, 782 239 56 677 525 6,170 1,018 85 485 257 4,269 1, 956 63 3 3, 415 1 307 3,012 566 47 432 1,565 566 16 2,944 178 2,787 65 168 (9 42 46 274 38 53 41 24 151 5 3 38 1 4 22 267 4 49 37 5 107 1 2 29 1 Michigan . __ . 216 3, 859 1, 748 57 184 687 1,543 57 Minnesota _ 372 371 14 57 14 Missouri _ Nebraska _ 1 1 North Dakota ____ Ohio . . . 1, 793 832 1,584 1, 557 South Dakota _ Wisconsin _ 303 289 South. . . . 40, 452 34, 247 7, 199 5, 857 3,868 81 60 267 94 Alabama _ _ 74 2 1,865 176 1,584 50 1, 301 3, 060 21 3,681 1, 525 45 9 (9 29 2 Arkansas. . _ Delaware _ _ 1,569 153 1, 515 44 1, 296 854 21 711 1, 501 1,567 153 30 0) 1,242 136 21 527 157 294 3 Florida 23 64 6 5 7 1 39 24 18 6 3 (9 7 Georgia _ 6 Kentucky . . Louisiana _ Maryland .. 2,138 1, 845 61 60 Mississippi North Carolina _ 2, 931 1,621 3 11 Oklahoma _ South Carolina .... Tennessee _ 31 26, 189 229 14 26, 147 184 14 3, 035 152 17 41 7 8 30 7 Texas.. . . <9 21 Virginia . . 16 West Virginia. . District of Columbia _ West _ . 663 193 156 1,423 467 403 3 1 677 7,306 3, 973 2,557 331 615 98 54 Arizona _ 1 5,407 49 597 1 1 85 90 12 816 246 1 49 12 California _ 2,178 18 595 1, 315 17 8 2,503 19 2 323 3 1 677 615 25 7 Colorado _ Idaho _ _ Montana _ _ 1 (9 Nevada . . i 81 48 8 801 244 1 New Mexico _ _ 4 14 4 12 1 4 5 1 12 Oregon _ 47 5 30 28 (9 4 1 3 Utah . Washington .. (9 Wyoming . U. S. Service academies Outlying parts of the United States. Hawaii. . . . 365 340 24 25 25 28 337 28 312 24 Puerto Rico . . 25 25 Less than $500. 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other non¬ expendable funds , institutions of higher education , by fund , region , and State: 1951- 52 — Continued O.— LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] Total receipts all funds (col¬ umns 3, 5, 7, and 9) Endowment funds Funds func¬ tioning as endowment Annuity funds Student loan funds Region and State Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . . $33, 762 $24,088 $18, 835 $7,352 $6, 763 $1,735 $1,472 $587 $390 Northeast . 12, 410 8, 814 7, 645 3, 376 3, 241 158 142 61 46 250 237 205 2 2 11 5 253 244 104 9 9 6, 452 3,894 3, 637 2,468 2,376 90 83 1 (9 323 123 78 200 200 1 New York _ 1,432 3, 472 689 444 671 637 41 38 31 27 3,403 3, 164 26 16 27 21 18 14 Vermont . 227 225 13 1 (9 North Central . . . 5, 143 3,882 2, 579 490 422 543 310 227 124 Illinois _ 1, 504 1,084 422 794 56 32 291 80 74 22 Indiana _ _ ' 509 357 (9 74 (9 73 69 68 18 3 334 196 90 55 44 9 8 241 177 115 42 42 17 7 5 1 Michigan . . . 428 368 231 41 40 4 4 15 14 Minnesota _ _ 118 113 93 <9 78 2 2 3 2 Missouri _ _ 458 367 206 70 1 1 12 9 Nebraska . . 67 64 48 (9 17 (9 17 2 2 North Dakota... . 49 26 26 2 2 3 3 Ohio . . 1,086 74 758 521 166 134 86 86 76 55 South Dakota.. . 69 32 1 1 4 2 Wisconsin... . 274 238 66 30 30 6 4 South _ _ _ 9,859 7, 926 5,685 972 590 735 728 226 165 Alabama . . . 163 140 140 22 21 Arkansas 51 50 34 (9 (9 Delaware . . . Florida _ _ 255 126 25 109 92 4 16 3 Georgia _ _ _ 683 543 334 82 58 53 Kentucky _ 589 429 243 150 149 10 5 Louisiana _ 3,022 278 3,020 217 2,991 173 2 2 1 Maryland _ 1 60 60 (9 (9 14 Mississippi _ _ _ 23 23 23 North Carolina _ 438 243 178 180 180 12 Oklahoma _ _ 26 3 2 4 13 12 7 5 South Carolina _ 269 246 229 22 16 Tennessee . . 1, 728 932 1,012 888 533 244 242 467 467 5 4 Texas. _ _ _ 423 44 35 Virginia . . . . 1,187 160 797 267 348 74 30 29 12 4 West Virginia . . . 143 67 2 2 9 9 7 7 District of Columbia.— 56 45 23 2 (9 9 (9 West . 6, 350 3, 467 2, 926 2, 514 2, 510 297 292 72 55 Arizona . . . California.. _ _ 4,567 146 1, 773 92 1, 508 92 2,460 52 2,457 52 291 285 43 36 Colorado _ _ 1 1 Idaho _ ... 8 g 8 Montana _ _ 117 116 2 1 1 Nevada _ _ New Mexico . 66 65 1 1 Oregon.. . . . 160 157 70 (\ 2 2 1 (9 Utah.. . . 1 1 Washington . 1, 285 1,264 1, 254 4 4 17 7 Wyoming . . U. S. Service Academies. . Outlying parts of the United States 3 1 2 1 Alaska . 2 (9 l 2 Puerto Rico . 1 (9 (9 1 Less than $500. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 73 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other non¬ expendable funds , institutions of higher education, by fund, region, and State: 1951- 52 — Continued D— TEACHERS COLLEGES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] Region and State Total receipts all funds (col¬ umns 3, 5, 7, and 9) Endowment funds Funds func¬ tioning as endowment Annuity funds Student loan funds Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ $222 $91 $47 $54 $52 $28 $28 $48 $21 64 11 3 46 45 7 4 Connecticut _ .. (i) (1) 1 0 (0 (l) 1 1 i (!) 0 0 New Jersey.. ... . . 1 1 1 55 6 1 46 45 3 \ 5 3 1 2 2 0 0 Vermont _ . _ ... North Central _ 65 52 34 8 7 1 1 4 i Illinois _ _ 10 10 6 m m Indiana _ .. . _ 2 1 1 k > 1 v / 0 Iowa _ _ . Kansas _ _ _ _ (i) Michigan _ _ 8 0 0 5 4 1 1 1 0 Minnesota _ _ 1 0 1 0 Missouri . (i) 0 m Nebraska 2 2 2 0 North Dakota.. . .. 0 0 Ohio _ _ South Dakota _ ... 40 40 27 Wisconsin _ 1 1 0 _ South . . . . 43 28 11 15 3 Alabama _ _ _ 3 3 0 Arkansas. . . Delaware . . Florida . . . Georgia... . . . Kentucky . (0 0 Louisiana. .. . Maryland.. . . Mississippi ... 1 1 l North Carolina. .. . .. 17 14 11 3 I Oklahoma _ _ 0 0 0 South Carolina _ ... Tennessee . 14 14 (l) Texas _ _ 5 ^ 5 m Virginia . . ... 2 2 0 West Virginia . . 0 0 District of Columbia West . 49 27 27 22 13 Arizona . . 2 2 California . . Colorado . . . . 12 12 11 Idaho _ _ _ Montana _ _ _ 0 0 0 Nevada _ New Mexico _ (i) 0 (i) Oregon _ _ 29 27 27 2 1 Utah _ _ Washington . . . 6 6 Wyoming _ U. S. Service Academies.. 1 Less than $500. 325864—55 - 6 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other non¬ expendable funds, institutions of higher education, by fund, region, and State: 1951- 52 — Continued E. — JUNIOR COLLEGES i [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding.] Region and State Total receipts all funds (col¬ umns 3, 5, 7, and 9) Endowment funds Funds func¬ tioning as endowment Annuity funds Student loan funds Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . . $1,437 $1,274 $302 $103 $52 $27 $27 $34 $19 Northeast . 142 135 77 (*) (2) 7 7 (2) (2) Maine . . 1 1 1 Massachusetts . 24 24 1 New Hampshire . 59 59 35 New Jersey. . (J) (2) (2) New York.. . 43 40 40 (2) (2) 3 3 (2) (2) Pennsylvania . . 15 11 4 4 (2) Rhode Island _ _ Vermont . . North Central . 164 117 66 16 20 20 12 7 Illinois . . 28 28 28 (2) Indiana _ 5 5 5 Iowa . . 23 14 8 2 2 7 6 Kansas . . . . 1 1 1 (2) (2) Michigan _ 10 8 ’ 2 (2) Minnesota . . . Missouri.. . . . 79 61 25 18 17 Nebraska. . 3 2 1 1 North Dakota _ _ Ohio . . 16 16 South Dakota . Wisconsin . South . 667 572 154 74 39 21 11 Alabama . . 2 2 2 Arkansas Delaware . . . . Florida . . 1 1 1 Georgia... . 24 20 2 4 1 Kentucky . . . 333 264 29 68 34 1 1 Louisiana . . Maryland . Mississippi 4 2 2 (!) (2) 2 2 North Carolina . 232 219 103 ’ 5 ) 5 8 3 Oklahoma. . South Carolina .. 4 4 1 Tennessee 12 12 (2) Texas... . . 11 11 2 Virginia . . . 38 32 7 6 4 West Virginia 5 6 6 District of Columbia.... . See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 75 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowment and other , non¬ expendable funds, institutions of higher education, by fund, region, and State: 1951- 52 — Continued E.— JUNIOR COLLEGES!— Continued [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] Region and State Total receipts all funds (col¬ umns 3, 5, 7, and 9) Endowment funds Funds func¬ tioning as endowment Annuity funds Student loan funds Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants Total receipts Private gifts and grants 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 West _ _ . _ 464 450 5 13 13 1 1 Arizona _ California 140 18 139 18 5 (2) (*) Colorado _ Idaho _ _ Montana _ _ 13 13 13 Nevada . . . New Mexico _ 292 (2) 292 Oregon . (*) (2) Utah _ Washington _ _ _ . Wyoming.. _ U. S. Service Academies i Includes community colleges, normal schools, technical institutes, and other non-degree-granting institutions operating on the undergraduate or adult education level. a Less than $500. Table 7. — Current expenditures, institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1951-52 A.— ALL INSTITUTIONS i [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Total current expendi¬ tures eo s ® S&- 643, 461 36, 299 9, 777 137, 149 12, 420 47, 330 239, 907 136, 875 13, 843 9,860 766, 332 181, 761 74, 971 53, 701 32, 080 113, 485 58, 271 54, 589 22, 867 8,538 104, 242 8, 847 52, 980 Other current expendi¬ tures N U* OO N CO «»■ 10,562 of v-T of Of 8, 040 983 751 330 190 2, 094 760 1, 009 278 229 1, 075 36 305 Scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes N of CO 17, 390 2, 223 203 3, 789 371 2, 136 5,084 2, 641 410 532 10, 396 3, 046 867 533 264 1,362 584 791 324 4 1,741 52 829 Auxiliary enterprises ® N ce 119,544 5, 581 2,735 26, 840 3, 565 11. 281 38, 186 25, 105 3, 496 2, 756 147, 602 22, 786 20, 249 10, 307 3, 975 22, 948 14, 205 10, 633 5, 816 1, 479 25, 006 1,381 8, 817 Educational and general Total edu¬ cational and general 05 05 o o* o* 05 495,975 hoonw^conooo CC^^hCONCUO 05iONdCDNCDCD^ bfcOTjfooofcocoofco co ^H- OOJOWlOHHiOCOiCCONO Tff ^ csf r-T ^ of of r-T of CO Organized research r* w 05 CO 68,481 i>.ioocxo»oooaot>*oo OCOOHNiOOfCN oo^o^ooonosco of -^rfco of 05 47, 585 5, 377 7, 670 2, 851 10, 560 5, 845 3, 301 1,850 724 7, 928 530 5,667 Resident instruction eo r* eo OS QO 224,131 lOCO^kOkOC^rf^CO C5 05CC0NrHT^NC0 COOCC05(NC005(N05 *0 CO of CO t}T lO ^ csf 1-H CO HCi-^ 255,186 57,104 23,085 15, 685 11,772 40, 814 17, 608 19, 369 7, 403 3, 290 37, 307 3, 072 18, 676 Adminis¬ tration and general expense o* 00 CO CO w » 74,279 3, 511 1, 128 17, 102 1,333 5, 461 29, 959 13,042 1,622 1,122 69, 560 QOCOCOCD05CO(MOOOrJ NOHOC1^^C^(NHIO^O(MO 1C iC^O(M^ClNrfr. 05 ©©© 00 00 rH © CM 00 © 00 xf xf © xf © O OOxf* 00s cd' of ^ *cf j-f o' gf of c o cm OOHiOiQOOOJ^Nxf C0OC0NOCC00O05MN WOONWxf HCOxf rH(NrH r-T xf t-T r-T GO ZD S ©00 © xf CO CM l> o 00 lO CO 05 00 O I> 05 05 lO O CO xf 00 CO id CO CO 05 HMHONcOCiGINCiOOOiOCNO CO 05COCOOWcOxtr of r-fr-T th" co" rn" xf" © ZD xf GO © ©©rH NHNiO rH O * © 05 £o to C0C0»0^C0HC005HC0OH05NX^C0 i— i NWO^CHC0CCN00C005NC0CC0C0 05 NCO(NHHNHNCO»ONxf0C^05NHNC0iCx}i05CD(NOXO CO CO CO CO CM CM CM CO xf CO l> Id CM t'- xf i-Tr-T xi^ co" i-T t-7 r-f i—T co cf of 8 00 of 05 N»O05C0 05OC0N00rHO oooxft^r^C500G5ioxfco COCOHCOCOHHlOOOOxf t>f of rH of of xf' CO Xf of CO s? CO 00 CM C'- CM 00 of 05 00 CO CO O CO 05 Id 05 xf o CO xf co 00 CO rH lO rHC001C0^050N»0*HOHlCH>005 © COtHOlOCOCONiONOiaiOOOOONIN Xf o ‘o'»Hco'ofoaofi-fco ooi-fco xf co ofco o' rH HH HH HH H CO H rH CO CO t>.i0*0*0©*00500©05i0 co ©©of co co"oo"©"^"r-T CO S3 00 © ZD Xf Xf rH © © r-T Of CO Cl CO xjT »o t>. xf co xf oo 05 xf rH to co r— i 005Ni005CCC003*HOCONCDNrMN 1^ © xf © CO © CO I> CM © © © CO xf © r-H of r-f co" co of co" co" rf xf of of co of co" 1-T CO 1 CO 00©i^©CMt^CO©CO©rH t^xft^cor^ooo5cocoxfco OOCMxft^lOi-H©CO©Xf© ©" CO of r-T CO Id zo GO »o Is* CO © CO South . . . . . Alabama. . . Arkansas . . . Delaware . . . Florida _ _ Georgia. . . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana . . . . Maryland _ .. . . . Mississippi- . . . . . North Carolina . . . . Oklahoma . . . . South Carolina. _ _ Tennessee.. _ _ Texas.. . . . . Virginia.. . . . West Virginia _ ... . . District of Columbia . . West . . . . . Arizona . . . California. - - - Colorado. . . . . Idaho _ _ _ _ Montana . . Nevada _ _ _ _ Mew Mexico. .. . Oregon... . . ... . Utah.... . . . . Washington... . . . Wyoming . . . U. S. Service Academies « ! '< £ ; i © ; ! « ao > I Ss : 5 « ! Tj : : i c « : *5L£ ' ! 3P : § 1 0 : ho i i 1 l i i i i i ' i o i o iS 1 Includes also data for independently organized professional schools (Technological, Theological, and Other), separate data for which are not presented in this table. 2 Less than $500. 78 D to “o c o c o '$) 8 -O BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 79 o © C5»Or^- oo © co co © CD © t'- h* © 1-H Torodcded©rd©cdcd (N rH NWHNHHCOCOHfHNCOH 308, 454 10, 374 169, 514 24, 359 7,011 7,968 2, 069 12, 175 20,351 13, 019 36, 429 6,186 OS tt » i 1,455 72 4,583 8,739 s CDN^HOTfOO ©^©OOrHC^OOC* i © © Tt< CO 00 1 0 rH S^^^SJhSSSh^SS^^^coco10 § © ©©©©COCOCOCO © © rH © o ! ?3S s 00 HNNOOO>OONOOiHr}*r^^ cd^f «-4 f-T $ © ! © i *s §1 © rd CO ©©©co^oo©co©©^©^co©^ © XHNON^05W©fHXNM^©© t>» ©©c^oooooco»-i©oo©©c^oj©r^ hh cdrHrdcdcdrH cdcdcdcdrdcdrd t>- oo Q* ©©©©©©t^©co^© COOGOOC^©©©©^©© ©H©OOCGHNCO»^ hwhhh i-Tcdi-Tcd © r» © © ® o»o N o © O © Tf< rH 00 00 00 © Tf< © ^ i-i © 00 © © rH 00 © © ^ t'- 00 © H © ^ CS -©©00© ©©»H©©C^OOt^OO©© © rH rH rH n oo 2 S o cc CO CO CO t^OOe*©©OQCOOOO*COt^t^t^rHC^© 1 ©©^©©i-H^t-H©©©©©©^© 1 © CO © © 00 o* CO © © rH CO l> © CO rH « HH r*T CS H cf H H CO H H H tO N I c^©r^co©©©oot^oo© ooc^cot^t^©oc©©co© ©^CO©©rHrH©©00^ CdrH rH CS CStjT © s ed 3 i ^ « E8 g © g OOC*©t^©rrrH rH Scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes - QO eo CO 16,505 NIOOO^CS»OCIOW of 00 of of 7, 261 2, 621 683 421 171 243 306 733 96 1 1, 435 29 522 Auxiliary enterprises ® CO o GO uf N 102, 564 HOi^H005fOfOW Tj< rH O W »C IO X 1H (N r^COcO d d d CO cf Physical plant oper¬ ation and mainte¬ nance r* GO r* -r 00 § 2, 465 515 12, 966 772 4, 293 20, 461 13, 735 1, 062 573 27, 324 MOl^XO^M^O^X^ XOONHHCOIOIOOC5 05 05 CO b- 05 ^ d CD OH io 00d%H r-Ti-Tco' h*T r-T Libraries CO o* at N 14, 404 1,243 124 3,112 275 1, 126 5, 268 2, 795 354 105 6, 716 XCD^rHNO^C0005M05 Mi0^i005iC05MH^^^ (NOWHNCONH CO CO cf 1-h" Extension $13,568 CO ill i 1 ICO 1 CO O 05 to 1 1 1 o i CO P'- CO CO • ' ' r-H 1 d 00 05 1 i i i r-T icf CO* 1 1, 779 CO CO 1 05 It^CO ' T-l ! ' CO 1 d 1 CO rH . O ' ' Tf 1 05 ' d i H i i Organized research - 65, 003 2, 250 26, 646 45 4, 875 16, 902 13, 708 561 16 44, 926 38, 958 532 1 1 84 16 2, 002 66 2,829 438 Resident instruction w w CO at CO eo 174, 689 *ocir^05coo5*odco co »0 rf lO CO lO rH o t'~Tt«i>.oi'^U'-05ao*o o" rH TjT of 1-h" l> i-H of rH 1-1 CO HCO^ 92, 456 00COt^O5Tt<'*0^ IOCO»Q05HIO»OHHIOIOH cf t>f TjT 1-h" co" H cf »o" io" CO rH rH Adminis¬ tration and general expense N w CO uf eo 65, 327 2, 468 630 16, 318 966 4, 739 26, 121 12, 016 1, 321 748 33, 087 05C005C0©dC005c0^©© OhhcCNO^^OcChX 05 O© 00 H 00 O CO CO CO 00 of CO of cf CO r-T Region and State - Continental United States. Northeast _ _ _ _ Connecticut . . . . Maine. . . . Massachusetts. . . . New Hampshire . . .. New Jersey . . . New York. - - - Pennsylvania - - Rhode Island . Vermont . . . North Central . . . . Illinois - - - Indiana.. . ... . . Iowa. . . . . . Kansas _ _ _ Michigan . . . . Minnesota _ .. . . . . Missouri . Nebraska . . . North Dakota . . . Ohio _ South Dakota _ _ _ _ Wisconsin. . . . HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY H^!D!OOHifT-lNO>HNionioO t'Teo' eo'eo'oi'i-Toj'eo'-^'^'t^'irf'oo'co'eo' HH rtN NCIH 3 (NOh NX o *o ■*« o o ‘OCCiOlO (NOOrHlN WiO^OCOhcCOOIOONhC^ »o © oeoor - CO(NC^O^N )0(N05005CO ■ Oh^-^iOcD 'COHXCDCOH _ _ '00 (NOOJM CO i ^ 00 *C ^ t'- © ^ CO 00 ^ 00 C^©C^©©*OrHOicOCN ioi-T oooTiffooo cfo csf^co t>Too c^T )HfOMN lOCDOO^ KNHCOCO OiW^H 05 H lO CO HOOOO ^ CO CO CD CO 1 ‘oooio^ascoccocct 'HHMNM t"- O CO © O © 00 00 o OcOt^OiCOiOiO^HN CO Tji ^ OHHlCt^W lO > lO CO oo *o lO © OJ h 00 aoo> t>- CO 00 © CO *-h ^ ' HNOOVi COOtNHH-^COcOO^^OiO CDhONO Is X C3 iri ft c3 S 'SSQ.&og ! S ^"2 a>«'55’S..S2’°'a-a S 2.H1" t! 8 Si S3 sal S i^s 3 B => 2 QJ CZ <£> IllilSl ! «9-g § |Sg • CO ■ i «£j O lllfl fill'll •5 g Cfi ?» ts g «s ct lie 3P« O O as 81 o m Table 7. — Current expenditures, institutions of higher education, by region and State: 7951-52 — Continued D.— UNIVERSITIES [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Total current expendi¬ tures eo QO S *3 s 367,488 OOOOhMhNhh II ^ ©T*t^OO©CMCM^CO 1 1 t—h co as us co co as cm" CM CO CM JO g 125,030 56, 155 37, 777 19, 790 87, 056 39, 255 32, 194 15,183 2,666 59, 583 1,524 35,891 Other current expendi¬ tures w $17,461 6,152 265 21 1,485 168 1,084 1,030 920 131 48 4,633 CM Tt< CO © CM rH tO © 00 l © »-hCO©COOO©OOCOCM© 1 to CO ^ NtO©HH^ 1 »— 1 Scholar¬ ships, fellow¬ ships, and prizes a QO N 8 10,667 1,801 45 2, 256 355 1,712 3,190 690 339 280 5, 912 tOCi^OOtOHtOCMCOfH i© © 00 © © to © 1 CM © CO CM t-H CM to CM 1 ^ | CM ,-T i | i Auxiliary enterprises © e* w as w © to O-^OONNiOtHN CM CO©©tOt^T*.COr-iCM cm" to" to" r-T ©" to" eo" cm" to" I Educational and general Total edu¬ cational and general » QO CD 5 292, 602 18, 585 3,261 47,158 6, 577 17, 590 128, 003 61,893 6, 280 3, 257 413, 987 109,861 40, 241 31,785 18,034 67, 195 30, 504 25, 548 11,210 1,833 46, 342 1,334 30, 100 Organized activities related to instruc¬ tional de¬ partments QO Ss US ** 22, 145 543 107 1,057 223 10, 784 8,824 320 287 48,919 ©tO00«Ot^C0^tO©CMt^CM OOOONC^rHtOtOOOtO © 0©CO©©tO©© 00 © | N^CCCOTtONH CO Physical plant oper¬ ation and mainte¬ nance r* as N CM 35, 446 COO^tOCOOCMt^CM © ©©tO©CO©t>»©tO L- cm" COrHCMNh't^ 3 ^©HOOOO©HtOOCiN^ rH^tO^HOOl^t^CM©©©© eoootocM^©t^^fcooo»-ii^ ©" CoT C^ C.^coco ©I^COt^©©©^©CM©CO t> © to © 00 CO Tf< cm" r-T r-T Extension US $77,086 13,137 595 391 641 435 1,224 5, 247 3,916 280 408 27,385 4, 635 4, 513 2,160 1,400 2,740 2,114 2,225 1,342 20 2, 323 28 3,885 Organized research CD 1 CD 43, 905 2,501 585 8,167 416 4, 258 14,855 11,839 922 362 91, 708 COCO©I>©©'^©tOI^tOCM t^t^©co©cor^totor^©r^ © co © © 00 CM 00 ^ CO cm" to" rC cm" ©" to" co" r-T © © Resident instruction eo CD as us 3 129, 586 ©©i-4COCO©t^t^© CO OiOcDCOOlN^H© 00 © CO to © ^ 00 to ^ CO ^ ©" r-TcTco"© ©" co cm" r-T t>T rH CM © CM to I^©©tOT^©©rJHCOCO»-«CM tO CO N © © © to CM ^ ^ CM 00 00©r-lCM©CO©CO©tOl>r-( Adminis¬ tration and general expense N eQ 37,826 ^HCOOOtOCM^CMOOTt^ II CO ©5*J3©©S^h©CO © TH oOi-nCMt^tO to" COtOt^©vHtOtOCM©COCMCM r^fM,-(CM»OOOONOHCM © t0^fHCOClNOOOOCM©CMr-t t^*" cm" r-T ©" cm" cm" cm" Region and State - Continental United States. Northeast.. . . . — Connecticut . Maine _ _ _ _ Massachusetts . . New Hampshire . New Jersey . New York . Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island... . Vermont . . . North Central . Illinois . . . Indiana . Iowa.. . Kansas . . . Michigan . . . Minnesota . . Missouri. . . Nebraska . . . North Dakota _ _ _ Ohio . . . . South Dakota . Wisconsin... . HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 83 297, 409 10, 666 8, 213 3, 253 23, 693 15, 390 12, 878 22, 613 37, 763 3,356 23, 300 27, 954 3, 055 16,733 47, 885 9, 319 7,077 24, 259 II § n©oo©©©t^©© ©" co" co" cm" cm" hjT oo" rt<" ©" ©" ^ CM rH T-h CO t-H 13,322 4, 583 8, 739 © © © rH t>- OO CM ^ CM H h N ©© If-OQWN rH CM CO i © CM rH © © co" ©00t^©CMrH^^©00Tf CM © CO h*© © © T-h©© CM T-CM r- a> © © 00 Tt< © © IO co" OO © © © CM OO ^ 00 CM © CO CM CM © CM © CO © 00 © © rf NhCOCMh^O © i-H hN t-h CM © CM t-h CM CO 1 CM cm" !©CMCO©COOO©QO©rH 1 © © T-H CM 00 CM CO © I CM CM rH rH T-H © © g © . © 1-1 CM rH 00 © I-H Tt< © © ^ CO CM © © r-T ©'cm'^cm'^'cm r-TccTocT r-r©"rH cm" © e CO ©©©CM©CO©©CMCO^ OOrH©©©rH©OOCO©© © T-H © rH © CM CM ©©© CM t-h" ©" rH rn" cm" CM" ©"t-h" o eo © © T-H 00 © © Tt^ © CO ss ^Nh^©OhNN©©CO©©COOO T-h t-h rH 00 © CM T* © CO CO rH 00 ©©© CM © © © © © CO © CM CM © © © 00 © © ©" ©" cm" co" ©" ©" cm" ©" ©" cm" t^r^ccT ©" HHHHfO H H t— ICO CM g © COt-h©©©CO©OO^OOCO rHcoco©©©©oo^r^© © © © 00 © 00 CM © 00 t'- ^ ©" oo" co" T-h" T-h" cm" ©" rn" gjT co" © © © © CM © rH 00 © co" tC 00 T* CO ©COt^CMt^t^CO© ! ^ t-h ! CM 00 ©M^NCONr-^ 1 © ^ 1 © © © © © © r— < ^ © © CO 00 1 r-H © I00©©H © CO t-h" co' ico"cm" ! cm" co" cm" ©" CM 00 cm" © t-H CM 00 rH © ! 00 © CO ^ 3l©CMCM*°2 !§2cM^ ©■^" ! t-h" t-T I QO © 00 ®J5 £ © g © © oo © t-h © © co co Tt< oo co © cm © CM © t-h CM © © 00 00 © 00 ^ CO CM © CM © CO CM l> © © ^ 00 CM CO © CO t-h t*- t>- t-h" T-h" *h" rn" rH rH CM" t-HCO 1-H 1 88 ©" ©00©t^CO©00l^©rH© I CONN©^OTfOOr-©© ^l>CO©COCO^CM^©^ ©"t-h" CM* r-T CO* © © © © © CM © © © HCMNOOCO©CMCO©^HHHWNH © TH©TfNO©CMOOOON©WrHNN© CO COrHCM©©COt^^ t^.^rHHf<©^CM ^ CO CO ©©©©t-H©©^CO©© eo eo 3 © S CM t"- ©©© ©© rf< CO CM T* © 00 T-H © coco©©©©r^coT^r^oo©©©oo© © © ©rHOO^COCM^^rHHOOCMCM t-T r-T cm" t-T CM" rn" cm" cm"©" rH CO s cm" ^t-hoo©©t-h©cmco^© 1 ©©oo©co©©©t^i^© ■^ © © © CM 00 © © I ao © © © 00 © © © © S © © © OOCM©r- r-T t'-" oo" T-h" ©" co" cm" cm" oo" II © O^^HT?©00?*©©©© | 00 00©COrH©©©CM00^ t-h" ©" t^T rn" t-T t-T ©" ©" ©" r— " CO © N CM HjT © © CO © © © T-h" cm" i ^ CO CO © t-h CM © ^ t-h 00 © t-h 00 t'- CM OO CO CM Tt< © © © © 00 CO CM CO © 00 © ^ CM © CO t*- rH © 00 CM ^ © CO T-H © © © CO II t-h" t-h" r-T HH t-h" r-T t-HCO" CM" © 00 T-h CM rH CO © CM CO 00 co I r^CM©T-H©00^©©©rH CONhCOhhCOhCOO© OOCM T-h" r-T cm" © r- eo © © © CM CO© South . . . Alabama . . . . . Arkansas . - . Delaware . Florida . . . . . Georgia- . . Kentucky . . Louisiana . . Maryland . . . . Mississippi . North Carolina . Oklahoma . . . South Carolina . Tennessee.. . Texas . . . Virginia . . West Virginia . District of Columbia. . West . . . . . Arizona . . California . . . Colorado . Idaho . . Montana . . . . . Nevada - - New Mexico. . . Oregon.. _ _ _ Utah . . . . . Washington . . . Wyoming . . IB H 5 H p H a < a o > M a to to 0 1 1 1 O • II 5 : : © ! ! : 1 1 1 f • 1 -2 2 : : u z, ii ! i oo i i y- : If !J 3=> :2 © 5 ° It; 1 2 ,2 3 KPh [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 84 Total current expendi¬ tures co W I Ol CO s US 129,193 7, 711 3, 836 26, 903 960 10, 267 38, 843 34, 661 1,463 4, 548 137, 169 OiH^cDOOiCOi^WNHO OTtiDOKNOJNHW^ONO *D*OcDcD. oi t-h t-H 2,458 -^©©05»oi>t^05*OTi00©©©0l^© 00 co" co" co" of co" of r-T t-h" CO" t-h" t-T Adminis¬ tration and general expense w CO CO CO CO © OOOiCDWWNOW OWCOnOiNHi^W COiOH hCONOh CD t-T CO t-T ©" TjT 19, 235 ©©OI©©©OICOtF©t*cO COhWNNOOOhOOhN 00©'^rH©Tf00©C^COr^00 co" of t-h" t-T t—T t-h" ©" Region and State - Continental United States. Northeast _ Connecticut _ Maine. . . Massachusetts _ New Hampshire _ . New Jersey . . . New York.. _ Pennsylvania _ _ Rhode Island . . Vermont . . . North Central ... Illinois. .. Indiana _ Iowa.. _ ... Kansas ... . . Michigan _ Minnesota _ Missouri _ _ _ Nebraska.. . . North Dakota _ Ohio _ South Dakota _ Wisconsin . . HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 85 175,808 USHMwSOOCCOOOOOCOTj'liJt'tOoO 05 NfflN»OSr-(NOOiO*a'ONN O t»0‘000‘0|nt'‘00'«'oa!C:MM -©© 00 rH 00 00 Ol ©c§*°© fH of r» © eo r-H © oo 115,009 | N^OO^^hOO^iOhNhOI^OO o Tf .0(NMCdw»HiOMCOMC5^CC^ © OOCO^O^O^ONNlN^NHrHH CO cd ^ T-fcd^cdidodofcdi-fodcdofTtf of s Ol rH © CM TfOOl© XrH©Tf CO r-f r-T cd Ol NhhN 00 Tt< © ^ rr oi oo co" co" co" © © 00 r-H &2 CO X CO COCMtN-©©COOOOOCOOOOO©©©©© 1 HHOlCO^Tf^lOOOOCCOOJNlOrH 1 ,-hCM ©CMOO^ CM NOWh 1 Ol © 1 CO © 1 © © © 1 CO 1 1 © ! ! © © s i 00 CO ©" NON^OOWhONOOIN^OOhh © OINOOOCOOHOOlOOCOCOr-iCoO © 00 CM r-H *4* © r- t>- t>- © 00 ^ CM r-H r-H r-H r-H H »H Oi H © © ©" © © © 00 O © © *S- ^ Ol Tf CO cd COT#<©H CM © CO ^ Ol ^ § Oi © r-t In* CM © © lO r-H © © Tf< ^ T*< CM T* 00 ^ CM r-H I>COrH©©©©rHQOCO©tN©©©© © HH lONpHOJNiH'tHOQCON^H ,-H CO CM 00 © 1> ^ co © ^ 00 © © T#< © © © eo Oi CM r-t CO © id © IN. © Ol iO!N©©©^COClNHO©Tt< . » © In © r-H © CM CO ^H © © « i © cm of i-T co © 00 ! CO rH Tt< 1 rH r-H ' © 1 00 j 1 Oi CM © s co" 1 00 1 1 ONCO© too© |^©©T^© Ol 1 © I 1—1 r-H 1 In. Ol CO rH r-H IH . © . Tf Cl 1 1 1 Si t'- co ! © © Tf« I r-* CO © © CO 00 Tt< n CO 5 1 8 00 r-t ^ CM 00 ©©©©©©© ©© 00 rr — 0(NX(NiOiOCOrOXCO©NCiiO © ©oicMtN©tN©ioco©tNTrcooi©cM cm of of idcdf-fcdofofidT-T’^f of id of ,-T © of Ol CO © 00 © © © re co CO © © Ol © Ol © CO CM Ol O ^ o © r-t CM r-Tr-T of © © 5 © CM r-H 00 cT ^ © iq co © co oi co © oo © © © r>- ^h CO © © © TT* r- CO CM © © cm © CO ©Ci t» CM 00 CO © © IQ Tj< IQ © 00 Tj< co 7'i In. cd O © © r-H © © Tf< — ( r-H r— t CO Ol Tt^ ©CO©© © tN- © CM Ol © © co South. . J m 2 c3 c 05 =3 S •s J << 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 • 1 t I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i > i i i i i > i t i i i g3 1 > 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 >4 i • i i i » i ' i i i i i , H : : : i : : : g ; d : : : ; a . . ^ , .2 J? \ ' : ! : :.~s J° '■ : \a £ ! ijfl!#sp! 1 ^’2 ^5 'm eL-23 ^ •£- 2 m -r t§ Q5oMriSSzooi&rEH!>£: S 6-1 CO a £ c s < c3 ' ' » c£ :g !|go| O ■iooSs: o ! o » 1 j is^ § g|g"S ©©S + fl 2 t/ : ill tn s s M o -4 o H a 3 i > H •> m ’ CD « ' 5 i o 1 05 — — DC “■e C - ■rS IS 0 h • CL d C ii <£■ > ) » 5 5 t © Table 7. — Current expenditures, institutions of higher education, by region and State: 1951-52 — Continued 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 HIGHER EDUCATION: RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND PROPERTY 87 [Thousands of dollars. Detail does not necessarily add to total due to rounding] BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 88 "O -*J< © 05 CO CO CO ' '§’3 7s 0) dfl h ■0.2 o 2 9? +3 a 5 • OCDIOWHOOOOH • OOOND^COCOO ) 40 *0 CO CO *C 1— I ^ 0‘CO‘005-^W»CICOOCOH -««oonSo «NH«OOOM‘ g |>2S,3a CO ■ I t" O ^ II CO HO * CO “O W rH OOIOIOIOCOD^HH 05(NN(NC0OC0DHC0HC0 OCONhDOONWCUO^W HtNCOHOO rH (M (NHlOH^CO^ rH || rH S2§2S5J^J°$51£500C0, COiOiOCOOOONHC. HGONDOHiOCOiO " ' DJ rH 1^- C“ GO rH h CO *0 I CO rH I CO . . O © O H CO 05 C CO*0*0 S3 33 a> & B 3 fc "S © <5 Pn a .2 <3 i CO g < Sh a 3 £ CO t>£ 03 3 > < 3 3 o »4 s o k) • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Historical data Summary . . ... x x X X X X A 11-year systems.. . . . x X x X X c x X x X X X F than 10 pupils. Schools with enrollments of 5,000 or more pupils. Ungraded schools _ x x X X X G x X X X X H Number of regular and reorganized schools. Number of schools: total . . X x X E X I Ennrollment in last 4 years of high school. Enrollment in grades 7 and 8 x X X X B x x X X D Enrollment: total _ x X X X J Current ( 1951-52 ) data Number of schools: Summary . . . X X K Total _ x x X X 15 Total . . x x X X 1 Junior . . x x X X X 2 Senior . . . . . . x x X X X 3 Regular _ _ _ _ . x x X X X 4 Junior-senior _ _ x x X X X 5 Enrollment: Summary _ ... .. X X X X L Total . . x x X X X 16 Total . . . x x x x X 6 Junior _ ... x x X X X X 7 Senior _ _ _ _ x x x X X X 8 Regular . . x x x x x X 9 Junior-senior _ . x x X X X X 10 Enrollment per school.. ... . x x X X X M Enrollment per staff member . . X X X X X N Enrollment per teacher _ x X X X X O Graduates . . . x x X X 17 Professional staff by type of position. Professional staff: Total _ _ _ X X X X 11 X X X X 12 Total . . . X X X X X 13 Professional staff per school x x X X X P Classroom teachers: total . . X X X X X 14 Classroom teachers per school _ . X X X X X Q VIII Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52* NATURE OF 1951-52 REPORT JHIS REPORT presents certain basic statistical facts for the 23,757 public secondary day schools known to be in existence in continental United States during the school year, 1951-52. The following facts should he kept in mind by those using the data presented in this report: 1. The report is limited to public high schools maintained as parts of the local public-school system; it does not include data for privately operated or parochial high schools, or those attached to institutions of higher education. 2. It is concerned with high schools serving pupils attending in the day¬ time; schools chiefly attended by youth or adults in the evenings or other irregular hours are excluded from this report. Veterans and other adults attending day high schools were also excluded as far as possible. 3. Pupils enrolled in grades 7 and 8 of junior high schools and of junior- senior high schools, as well as the staff members serving them, are regarded by this report as part of the secondary schools, and therefore included; those in grades 7 and 8 of schools operating as elementary schools of the regular 8-4 plan are excluded for obvious reasons. Pupils in grade 6 were in no case included in this report. 4. This report is concerned with showing the number of schools, pupils, and professional staff members found in public day high schools of the several States, the District of Columbia, and the continental United States as a whole; it does not include data from the outlying parts of the United States. Data relating to incomes, expenditures, salaries, or other fiscal aspects of these schools were not gathered for this survey. 5. The basic tables do not include data for 11 public day high schools which were organized as "ungraded schools." As the term implies, the pupils attending these 11 schools (consisting chiefly of "vocational," "trade," and "technical" schools) are not organized into the usual high- school grades, and, therefore, data concerning them could not be distrib¬ uted to the various categories of this report. 6. Wherever it was found necessary to organize or present the data of this report in forms different from those followed by previous reports of "Statistics of Public High Schools," every effort was made to arrange the * The following personnel in the Research and Statistical Standards Section assisted in the editing and preparation of the data appearing in this publication: Ruby Ballard, Neva Carlson, Margaret J. S. Carr, Mary Alice Hall, Leah Ramsey, Rowland Price, Clyde Whitten. 275964—54 - 2 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 categories in such a way that without too much trouble the reader will be able to establish comparability with such previous reports. Where changes in categories were necessary, efforts were made to supply the supplementary data essential to any computations which may be involved. Significant changes and trends in public secondary education of the United States will be pointed out and supplemented with text tables (tables A-Q) showing comparable data for the various years dating back to 1890 where possible, and to 1920 or 1930 where these dates proved more feasible. The major purpose of this report, however, is to present basic statistics for 1951-52, by State. The tables presenting these basic statis¬ tics are designated by Arabic numerals. These present data not only for each State as a whole, but separately for white and Negro pupils for those States which maintain separate schools for these racial groups. Certain text tables (E, G, M, N, O, P, and Q) also show separate data for white and Negro pupils in such States. The basic State-by-State tables showing the data for the school year 1951-52 are for the most part presented without comment in the text. This means, of course, that every effort has been made to make the tables self-explanatory, both as concerns organization of the tables and the titles and the labels applied to the various groupings and categories. COVERAGE OF THE REPORT This study is different in a number of ways from the previous periodic reports on the statistics of public high schools. It more nearly includes 100 percent of all the public day high schools than any of its predecessors; it has gathered and processed the necessary data within a shorter time span than previous similar surveys; it presents the basic statistical facts com¬ piled in a smaller number of tables than other reports; it provides more detailed data than ever before on the number of boys enrolled in the sec¬ ondary schools as compared to the girls; it produces more data showing significant trends than heretofore; and it presents more central tend¬ encies — medians and averages — to facilitate comparisons and to show how the basic statistics may be used to indicate important developments in secondary education. As will be shown later, each of these changes has a greater significance for the nature and use of this survey than appears on the surface. The gathering and processing of a comprehensive nationwide school survey of any type always entails the following problems: (1) getting all the schools to respond, and (2) doing this within reasonable time limits. The school authorities are in no way compelled to report to the Office of Education, and high -school principals are very busy people. With the best of intentions, therefore, the response to a questionnaire is frequently delayed, and data for a given State cannot be compiled until the reports for all the schools have been returned. When one considers that there PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 3 are 23,757 public day high schools in the United States, and that the data for a survey such as this must be collected directly from each school, the complexities of these problems become evident. To insure the most complete coverage possible the Office of Education has for many years maintained a master file of the public high schools in each State. Prior to sending out the questionnaire 1 for the school year 1951-52 this list was checked against the available State school direc¬ tories and similar sources. In order to bring the master list completely up to date a letter was sent to each chief State school officer requesting that information be supplied on every public high school founded since the last available directory was published. The first sending was completed October 11, 1951. This was followed at 6-week intervals by a second and third sending to those schools which had not yet responded. In the comparatively few cases necessary, these efforts were then supplemented first through personal letters to principals of schools not yet responding, and then through the enlistment of the good offices of the city, county, or State superintendents of schools under whose jurisdiction these schools operate. By this means it became possible to close the fact-gathering period by July 1, 1952— only 8% months after the first mailing. During that period of time the essential data had become available for all but 12 of the known high schools, or 0.05 percent of the total. The data for this infinitesimal number of schools were then estimated from the best available sources. This report has organized the data gathered within a total of 34 tables. Of these, 17 are text tables (pages 6-37), concerned chiefly with national statistics and trends, and 17 are basic tables presenting State-by-State data for the school year 1951-52. By way of comparison, the report, "Statistics of Public High Schools, 1945-46,” required 11 text tables, and 41 basic statistical tables; the report for 1937-38 required 9 text tables and 55 basic tables. Despite these reductions in the number of tables considerable data additional to those presented in the earlier surveys will be found in the 1951-52 report. As will be seen later, first additional data are presented for each of the various types of reorganized high schools; second, a threefold, rather than a twofold, classification of size of population centers has been employed; and third, in order to facilitate comparisons, central tendencies such as the average number of pupils and staff members per school and pupil-teacher ratios are presented. The reductions in the total number of basic tables were accomplished chiefly through changes in the arrangement of the data presented for the various types of high schools commonly referred to as "reorganized” schools. In previous reports 17 different categories of such schools were identified and data for each presented in separate tables. For this 1951-52 report the number of basic tables showing the various types of i See appendix for copy of questionnaire used for 1951-52. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 high schools by State was reduced to 5, as follows: (a) One table showing totals for all types of day high schools; ( b ) one table showing junior high schools operating under all types of plans, formerly reported in 5 separate tables; (c) one table showing senior high schools, including all types of combinations formerly reported under 5 categories; (d) one table show¬ ing junior -senior high schools, formerly grouped into 5 categories; and (e) one table showing the regular high schools involving the traditional 8-4 plan, formerly presented in 2 categories. The data for white and Negro high-school pupils of States maintaining separate schools for these racial groups are in every case shown within the same tables rather than in separate tables, thus further reducing their total number. The reasons for now combining the various junior and senior high school grades into fewer and larger categories than in previous reports are not far to seek. The early history of the "reorganization” of the high schools on a "junior” and "senior” basis was obviously experi¬ mental, making all forms of it significant. Certain combinations of grades have, however, now become increasingly predominant and gener¬ ally accepted. Moreover, there is a growing recognition that in addition to certain logical and psychological reasons for reorganizing schools from the traditional 8-4 pattern, the grades placed in a junior or in a senior high school segment are often determined by the number of pupils to be served in a given locality on the one hand, and by the available type of school buildings and the number of classrooms on the other. In recent years, therefore, the grade combinations forming the reor¬ ganized high school are fewer in number, and they are regarded as having less significance than in the early history of this movement. It was thought that the major types of schools — junior, senior, regular, and junior-senior — used in presenting the data of this report, provide suffi¬ ciently for all the significant differences now discernible. The reduc¬ tions effected, and the number of categories here employed, not only simplify the arrangement of the available data, but will reduce the cost of the publication. To summarize, this report is basically organized as follows: (1) The nationwide status and trends of public day high schools are discussed in the text and supported by selected text tables, (tables A, B, D, I, J, K, and L); (2) certain statistics showing trends by States (tables C, E, F, G, H, M, N, O, P, and Q) are presented when these are necessary to interrelate the basic tabulation of this 1951-52 report with those of the previous surveys of public high schools; and (3) the basic statistical data are given in considerable detail by State, by race, by type of school, and by size of locality. These basic data, comprising the bulk of this report (tables 1-17) are presented without comment. The text materials will, PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 5 however, illustrate how the basic data in this and previous reports can be used to gage the trends of public secondary education in any given State, and how these can he compared with developments for the Nation as a whole or with those of another State. STATUS AND TRENDS Certain comparable statistics of public high schools have now been gathered by the Office of Education periodically since 1890. Some far- reaching and significant trends can thus be observed for a 62 -year period. Number of Public Secondary Day Schools The number of public secondary day schools responding to these surveys increased from 2,526 in 1890 to 25,091 in 1938, roughly 10 times as many; after 1938 they decreased slightly to 23,757 in 1952 (table A). The recent decreases in the total number of these schools have taken place in the face of increases in the percent of schools included in the periodical surveys. Prior to 1930 a complete list of these schools had not been compiled. Since that date such lists have not only included all such schools in existence in continental United States, but the survey has in 1952 succeeded in securing usable replies from 99.95 percent of all of them. Every public day high school listed by the several States as having a separate principal was sent a questionnaire, and was counted separately as a school. For example, if a junior high school and a senior high school occupied the same grounds, or even the same buildings, but each had its own principal and was listed separately in the State directory, it was counted as a separate school in this report; if the two were listed under one principal, however, they were counted as one school. It is evident, there¬ fore, that some of the increases in recent years in the total number of public day high schools have resulted from the downward extension of secondary education. Some new schools resulted from the combination of the upper elementary grades with what were formerly the lower high- school grades to form junior high schools. Changes in the total number of schools probably have been due also to the consolidation of the smaller schools (tables D, E, and F) and the establishment of new schools to relieve crowding in the larger ones. State-by-State statistics of the number of public high schools for 1951 -52 are presented (1) by race, by type of high school, and by size of enrollment (tables 1 to 5, inclusive, pp. 42-51); and (2) by race, by type of high school, and by locality, i. e., (a) rural — fewer than 2,500 population, (6) urban I — 2,500-9,999 population, and (c) urban II — 10,000 and more population) (table 15, pp. 70-71). 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Enrollments in Public Secondary Day Schools For the Nation as a whole the population 14-17 years of age2 the major 4-year span during which youth should attend high school, has gradually increased from 5% million in 1890 to nearly 10 million in 1938 (table A). Since that "high water mark” this number has gradually decreased to about 8% million in 1952. This recession was due chiefly to declining births. Recent increases in the number of births are sure to halt and reverse this downward trend in the high-school age group during the latter part of the present decade. Table A. — Historical statistics of public secondary day schools: 1890-1952 [Junior high schools are included, beginning in 1920. Ungraded schools and schools with fewer than 10 pupils are included, beginning in 1938] Item 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1938 1946 1952 , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 8 9 Number of schools on file-.. 23, 930 25, 308 24, 146 23, 757 Schools reporting _ _ 2, 526 6, 005 10, 213 14, 326 22, 237 25, 091 24, 146 23, 757 Pupils in grades 7-12 _ 202, 963 519, 251 915, 061 1, 999, 106 5, 212, 179 7, 458, 045 6, 861, 030 7, 693, 140 Boys.. _ 85, 943 216, 207 398, 525 891, 469 2, 522, 816 3, 633, 319 3, 248, 960 3, 797, 550 Girls _ 117, 020 303, 044 516, 536 1, 107, 637 2, 689, 363 3, 824, 726 3, 612, 070 3, 895, 590 Percent girls _ 57.7 58.4 56.4 55.4 51.6 51.3 52.6 50.6 Teachers _ _ ... _ 9,120 20, 372 41, 667 97, 654 213, 306 274, 163 > 286, 512 332, 106 Men . . . ... . 3, 695 10, 172 18, 890 34, 396 74, 532 113,249 104, 886 151, 575 Women _ 5, 425 10, 200 22, 777 63, 258 138, 774 160, 914 181, 626 180, 531 Per cen t worn en . . _ 59.5 50.1 54.7 64.8 65.1 58.7 63.4 54.4 Average number of teachers per school _ _ 3.6 3.4 4.1 6.8 9.6 10.9 11.9 14.0 Average number of pupils per school _ _ 80.3 86.5 89.6 139.5 234.4 297.2 284.1 323.8 Average number of pupils per teacher _ _ 22.3 25.5 22.0 20.5 24.4 27.2 23.9 23.2 Pupils in last 4 years of high school 2._ . . 202, 963 519, 251 915, 061 1,851,965 4, 135, 171 5, 926, 722 5, 417, 122 5,695,514 Boys _ _ 85, 943 216, 207 398, 525 821, 015 1, 986, 246 2, 852, 539 2,615,658 2, 785, 553 Girls _ 117, 020 303, 044 516, 536 1,030,950 2, 148, 925 3, 074, 18S 2,801,464 2, 909, 961 Percent girls _ _ 57.7 58.4 56.4 55.7 52.0 51.9 51.7 51.1 Population, aged 14-17 years2 _ _ _ ... .. 5, 354, 653 6, 152, 231 7, 220, 298 7,735,841 9, 341, 221 9. 908, 000 8,897, 000 8, 728, 000 Percent of population, aged 14-17 years in last 4 years of high school . . 3.8 8.4 12.7 23.9 44.3 59.8 60.9 65.3 High-school graduates _ 21,882 61, 737 111, 363 230, 902 591, 719 1, 030, 216 1,011,173 4 1, 045, 633 Boys _ _ 7, 692 22, 575 43, 657 90, 516 267, 298 481, 457 442, 214 496, 087 Girls . . 14, 190 39, 162 67, 706 140, 386 324, 421 548, 759 568, 959 549, 546 Percent girls _ 64.8 63.4 60.8 60.8 54.8 53.3 56.3 52.6 1 Includes not only teachers but also, in the case of the 24 ungraded schools, other professional staff (principals, supervisors, counselors, etc.). 3 Includes special or unclassified pupils of high-school grade. 3 Bureau of the Census. Data for the years 1938-52 estimated by the Bureau. 4 Data are for the school year 1950-51. Sex distribution estimated. Note.— The figures in italics represent revisions of previously published data. The data have been re¬ vised to exclude postgraduates from “Pupils in the last 4 years ol high school,” 1920-46; to include schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils, 1938 and 1946; and to exclude evening schools, 1938 and 1946. The data for 1930 and presumably for prior years include some evening schools. The number of boys and girls enrolled in the last 4 years of the public high schools rose enormously during this 62 -year period from 202,963 pupils in 1890 to nearly 6 million in 1938. This represents an increase of more than 2,800 percent. Due to the decrease in the number of births in 3 Data from Bureau of the Census, “Population: General Characteristics.” Figures for intercensal years are estimated by the Bureau. PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 7 the early 1930’s and the demands of World War II, the enrollment in the last 4 years of high school showed a slight drop for 1946. However, the figure for 1952, namely 5,695,514, indicates that it is again on the increase. This increase in the enrollment has taken place despite the effects of the continuing smaller number of births noted in the statistics for the 14- to 17-year age group, plus the demands of the Korean war. If the percentages of the population 14 to 17 years of age enrolled in the last 4 years of public high schools are compared for the period from 1890 to 1952 it may be noted that the increases were very rapid during the earlier decades. Due chiefly to World War II these increases slowed nearly to a halt between 1938 and 1946. The upward rise, however, was resumed between 1946 and 1952. There is a tendency for the upward trend of these statistics to stabilize as the maximum enrollment is approached. In 1952 nearly two-thirds of the 14- to 17-year age group were attending the public high schools. It is known from other available statistics that at least another 8 percent of them were enrolled in privately controlled high schools. This brings the ratio of all youth now held to this level of education toward the three - fourths mark of this entire age group. Owing to health and other factors, 100 -percent enrollment of those eligible to attend high school will probably never be reached. When the total enrollments for the last 4 years of high school are broken down into enrollments per individual grade, the trends in the extent to which youth are retained in high school are further emphasized (table B). Table B. — Number and percent of pupils in each of the last 4 years of public secondary day schools , 1 1920-52/ and graduates, 1920-51 Grade level Year , 1920 1930 1938 1946 1952 i 2 3 4 5 6 First year: Number . _ . . _ _ _ _ 742, 320 40.1 1, 460, 459 35.4 1, 836, 010 31.3 1, 632, 780 30.4 1, 741, 085 Percent . . . . 30.7 Second year: Number _ _ 498, 796 1, 132, 061 27.4 1, 591, 287 27. 1 1, 488, 203 27.8 1, 539, 442 Percent . . . 27.0 27.1 Third year: Number _ _ 346, 684 18.8 852, 012 1, 329, 061 22.6 1, 229, 606 22.9 1,306,975 Percent .. . . 20.6 23.0 Fourth year: Number . . . . . 261, 369 14. 1 684, 985 1, 117, 036 1, 012, 399 1, 086, 365 Percent . . . ... . _ 16.6 19.0 18.9 19.2 Total: Number _ _ _ 1, 849, 169 100.0 4, 129, 517 100.0 5,873, 394 100.0 5, 362, 988 100.0 5, 673, 867 Percent . _ . 100.0 Graduates: Number _ 230, 902 12.5 591, 719 14.3 1, 030, 216 17.5 1, 010, 077 18.8 3 1, 045, 588 Percent of last 4 years 3 _ _ _ 18.4 1 Includes schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils, beginning with 1938. 3 Data are for the school year 1950-51. Excludes graduates from ungraded schools, 45 in number. 3 Differs from percent of graduates in table A since data for last 4 years of high school in tableA include special or unclassified students of high-school grade. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 In 1920 the first -year pupils constituted 40.1 percent of the total number enrolled in the last 4 years of high school; the fourth -year pupils con¬ stituted 14.1 percent. By 1952 the former had dropped to 30.7 percent, and the latter had risen to 19.2 percent. The proportion of pupils in the third year of high school also showed a substantial gain, but not as much as that in the fourth year. It is clear that if the same number of youth entered high school each year and all were retained and regularly promoted through the 4 years of high school, these percentages would each approach 25. An increase from 14.1 percent in the 4th year to 19.2 percent during the 32 years from 1920 to 1952 is, therefore, a very substantial one. Owing to the growth of the junior high school movement during recent years, those interested in secondary school enrollment trends which are fully comparable must increasingly consider two sets of figures: the number of pupils enrolled in grades 7 and 8 of junior and junior-senior high schools, and those in grades 9 to 12, inclusive. Prior to 1920 prac¬ tically all public high schools were organized on the 8-4 plan. High- school enrollments prior to that date, therefore, consisted almost wholly of those in the last 4 years of the 12 -year program (11 -year programs in a few of the States). Since 1920, however, the growth of the junior high school form of organization has year for year brought more of the 7th- and 8th-grade pupils into the statistical picture of the secondary schools. By 1952 nearly 2 million, or 25.9 percent of the total secondary school enrollment, consisted of pupils attending grades 7 and 8 (table C). It is only when these 7th- and 8th -grade pupils attending schools which reported themselves organized either as junior or as junior-senior high schools are counted in, that the total secondary day school enrollment for 1952 mounts to 7,688,919 pupils (7,693,140 pupils when ungraded schools [table H] are included). This is the largest number of boys and girls ever to have been reported as attending the public secondary schools of the United States. It is important to bear in mind in reading all of the enrollment tables of this report, that the 7th- and 8th -grade pupils who enrolled in the junior and junior-senior high schools are included as part of public secondary school enrollment statistics (tables A, C, D, J, L, M, N, O, 6, 7, and 10). Some of the basic statistics (tables 6, 7, and 10) present State-by-State enrollments by grades, making it possible to include or exclude the data for these grades as one may wish. To facilitate the rapid determination of the extent to which 7th- and 8th-grade pupils are included in the high-school enrollments of the several States since 1920, a table has been prepared to show this component separately, by State (table C). This table shows not only the number of pupils in these grade levels which were included in the total high -school PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 9 enrollment of each State at various times from 1920 to 1952, but also the relationship in percentages that the pupils in the 7th and 8th grades are of the total secondary school enrollment. These percentages also provide simple indices for tracing the growth of the junior high school movement in relation to the total growth of secondary education in the several States; inter-State comparisons are also possible. The public high school statistics for the Nation as a whole also revealed some interesting trends as concern the extent to which girls have attended these schools in greater proportion than boys (table A). All available statistics show consistently that more girls than boys attend public high school. These differences are not great, and have decreased with the years, but they are significant when studied more intensively. Such study reveals that these differences increase as youth proceed through the high school from grades 9 to 12. The change through the years is shown by the following facts: In 1951-52, of the total number enrolled in the last 4 years of public high school 51.1 percent were girls and 48.9 percent were boys; the sex distribution of the graduating class for 1950-51 was estimated to be 52.6 percent girls and 47.4 percent boys. Figures for 1920 and before show that girls constitute about 56 percent of the enroll¬ ment of the high school, and boys, 44 percent; of the graduating classes for the same period, 61 percent or more of the total were girls, and 39 percent or fewer were boys. State -by -State data for 1951-52, showing separately the number of boys and girls enrolled in each grade in each type of secondary school, and in the several States, may be found in tables 6 to 10, inclusive. Since the question "Where Are the Boys? ” 3 is increasingly being raised by secondary school leaders, it is gratifying to point out that this report presents many detailed and comparable statistics by sex. In distributing the pupils to the various grades, there were in most States a few who were not classified by grades (tables 6-10). About a fifth of these are reported as postgraduates remaining in the local high school to take certain additional courses desired, or to improve certain skills. More than two-thirds (67.1 percent) of these postgraduates were reported from but 9 States and the District of Columbia: California, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Pennsyl¬ vania, Texas, and Virginia. While most of the States enrolling a sub¬ stantial number of postgraduates also report many "unclassified pupils," California, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania again stand out, and Michigan and Wisconsin must be added. Nearly two-thirds of the pupils not grouped by grades were boys. 1 Tompkins, Ellsworth. Where Are the Boys? School and Society, 7 CM O OO CM CO 00 O 00 CM CO © 00 CM CO ''t* CO* CO* CO OO MS MS td rH CO MiHOON 1-H* ^* CM* CO* MS CM* MS rH* rH © ^* CM* CO CO 1-5 CO i“H CO CM CM HCOCOHH CM CM CM CM HHWCMCM CM CM rH r-t h rH CM rH CM CM Enrollment in— Total high school w 6, 840, 799 166, 683 29, 045 104, 554 445, 100 68, 115 80, 349 15, 871 125,312 136, 295 34, 832 326, 345 209, 009 138, 874 108, 608 115, 089 71, 985 40, 655 89, 257 217, 976 308, 148 160, 484 90, 716 166, 216 28, 328 70, 897 6,344 24, 941 204, 716 27, 783 660, 640 Grades 7 and 8 a 1,428, 191 60, 848 4, 694 36, 539 105, 756 19, 163 12, 731 5, 679 47, 125 15, 137 5, 627 16, 653 45, 810 28, 259 22, 534 31,344 7, 889 5, 997 29, 211 57, 136 78, 861 36, 556 22, 677 19, 569 3, 177 7,539 888 5, 698 26, 939 6, 557 141, 098 00 2 Percent of total high school o 20.1 r-H CM CM ^ CM COt^O^t^ CO CM i-h ^ CO O CM N CO MS OhWCMN CM 00 O r-t hT ms MS* ^ CO 00 MS td CO CM MS* CM* rH* © 00 CM* CO CO* cd cd CO © CO CM CM* MS CM* H^* 00 o CO t-h CO CM CM HCOCOrtH CM CM CM CM rH CM CM CM CMCMHHH h CM H rt CM Enrollment in— Total high school ot CO MS e*s w ■*t *•* 123, 391 22, 849 94, 807 433, 731 74, 938 95, 237 16, 168 104, 725 111, 154 38, 063 364, 330 232, 788 170, 253 134, 913 124, 503 87, 297 40, 065 80, 236 278, 513 317, 383 179, 425 82, 115 180, 412 36, 933 90, 510 6, 215 26, 316 221, 992 23, 323 807, 718 Grades 7 and 8 QO 1,490, 100 43, 311 3, 477 32, 454 101, 282 20, 373 17, 420 5, 767 38, 711 14, 929 4, 836 19, 425 51, 711 35, 859 27, 549 35, 569 1,730 5, 275 21, 450 74, 178 83, 959 41,314 16, 495 23, 751 4,492 11,517 946 5,988 31, 135 4,232 164, 712 1930 Percent of total high school - MS o w 32.3 10.2 32.0 23.1 28.3 18.8 30.0 37.0 19.1 12.4 11.5 19.9 19.7 21.7 17.5 .9 11.7 26.5 30.1 29.8 21.0 20.9 17.9 9.3 11.7 21.9 21.8 17.7 16.6 18.8 Enrollment in— Total high school CO 5,212,179 74, 491 16, 163 59, 664 313, 888 58, 533 62, 268 9, 137 57,332 65, 713 28, 171 291, 401 170, 718 142, 892 113, 222 72, 991 46, 325 30, 673 57, 621 209, 664 229, 480 125, 933 53, 672 138, 105 27, 894 74, 716 4, 768 18, 947 146, 834 14, 208 572,260 Grades 7 and 8 MS 1,066,510 24,057 1,650 19, 094 72, 364 16, 539 11,720 2,738 21, 239 12, 521 3, 481 33, 429 33, 907 28, 106 24, 608 12, 789 423 3, 593 15, 271 63, 083 68, 424 26, 438 11,230 24, 775 2, 587 8,769 1,042 4, 136 25, 971 2, 358 107, 617 1920 Percent of total high school NN-^050 05 «rH05t>. 0500U-^00 ! CM rH 00 05 t*- O 05 00 CM CO MS © CM CO oo’ms’oot-I cd id^oo cdtd td • cm* 06 td © tjh r-t ms cm 05 <© © »-h HH CM 1 rH rH rH I rH r-H rH 1 l Enrollment in— Total high school eo 1, 999, 106 21,004 6, 433 19, 180 113, 643 27, 690 28, 221 3,164 10, 631 24, 594 12, 812 128, 261 72, 941 76, 339 61, 477 22, 741 15,607 19, 922 16, 791 88, 565 84, 267 56, 673 14, 463 64, 062 14, 294 39, 208 1,834 10, 310 59, 295 4,626 169, 020 Grades 7 and 8 w 141,951 CMHOCOCO 00 >05t^CM CMMSrH05<© • CO CO CM ms COH^OiTftMS o CM CM CO ^OCOWH OO ICOOO O CO CD Ci N > MS 05 CM hNCMhco TfHCON^ rH CM 05 rH 00 O ■ O CM CO O r-t 00 05 • 00 CO l'— rH MS MS CM H O © MS H*t t'- rHCMOMS rH l rH rH CM rH IQ CO rH ! t>T ITS MS rH CM CM CO CM State - United States _ Alabama . Arizona. .. . . Arkansas . . . . California . Colorado _ _ Connecticut . Delaware . . Florida . . Georgia . Idaho... _ _ Illinois . . . Indiana. . . Iowa . . Kansas . . Kentucky . . Louisiana. . . - Maine _ _ Maryland . . . Massachusetts . Michigan . . Minnesota . Mississippi . . . Missouri . . Montana . Nebraska. . . . . Nevada . New Hampshire _ New Jersey . . New Mexico.. . New York... . 22,369 I 212,032 I 10.5 PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 11 x5o ood >Q»HCO'^3» CO ’J'hOh cmx x«-< cm OOOTfiOO ©>oooo x©©^ © — < MOiOOCO - .TfOC I'OOC CM ^ OHW O CO 00 >0 05 0 © Tf CM of*-f © ^ X ^ © © COOOONO N©COOPO cd co ©* cm ©* cm /o’ *<*« x* © X ©‘ — O X CM X *—< — < HNNHIN • CO ^ ^ © 10^050^ * — < o co" co ^ of > CO CM CCO-.(N- NNC1NC5 CM CM — < < COOIONCO CO O 05 CO ^ © © X © © ^ © X WCOOtT N ©©©t^X f hhhN © TjT © — * © © rHCM~CMX CMO©© o^^co»o i^cOOH CO CO* oo ©* ^(NCS^H CM CO r-1 > 05 CO CM CO •NOOiCD ) x © iCMXX »OXMCO OOXNO .. - XCONOTf o »C C ^ x w -■ V <->* w X CM © X *— < ONIONS © © rj< © X ^ T* © ^ goo Tji*CO C *-H CO *-<00 — < — < ^ »“H (NX^« C5X .. J2re XC5CO’- lO © © X l COCO(NO»0 ^ co oo co p • i-H © l : CO 05 05 ^ ©“ co © cf HTfX C5 X CO CO CO X CM ^ X^CMCM© ^C5tN.05X X to - <*©©©© r- - cm co © © 05 ^ cm © xdi hNW CM X ^ ,-hCMCM^h^h CM ^ ^ © © © © © ^ **- CM © Tt« — X ^ © XNNOrH *-< O FCggi 00 © CM of CO CO ©CM CO CO CO CM © ©N^WN XX© »h CM C © © X Tf« © C_ ©-* © © © © cm©© r^cocM co !g s 5 © © • CM t ©©©©X © X X © CM MN^-CM© ©r^CM ©x — x© x © © x cm © © — « r^x — 1-H X © © 1— I © X ©X’-i©© © ^ CM X*-*X©© ©©CM X © © © CC ~ X © ^ © © < ^X©~ ©c *2SS ;§§§ s tsT CM CM CM © X X © © © x r- © X©-^"X o ' t£ .2 rt i* o ►p a 03 ' c H ’ O C §ii’B§ §”£ 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Public Secondary Day School Staffs The number of teachers employed in the public day high schools in the United States has risen from 9,120 in 1890 (table A) to roughly a third of a million in 1952. 4 These totals include classroom teachers only. When the entire professional staff of the secondary school is included nearly 50,000 more persons must be added (table 11, column 2, pp. 62-63). The trend in the number of men as compared to women teaching in the public secondary schools has been somewhat erratic over the years. How¬ ever, the number of women has always exceeded that of the men. The proportion of women teachers employed in the public high schools has since 1910 ranged between 55 and 65 percent of the total number of teachers. For 1952 the proportion of men showed a marked increase and, with the exception of 1900, now stands at the highest mark, namely 45.6 percent. A somewhat closer balance between the sex distribution is achieved when the proportion of men and women constituting the en¬ tire high-school staff rather than teachers only is compared (table 11); among the principals and assistant principals the men outnumber the women about 10 to 1. Statistics for the several States on the composition and distribution of the professional staff of the public day high schools are presented for 1951-52 as follows: Table 11 (see pp. 62-63) provides data for each State by sex and type of position — principals, heads of departments and supervisors, classroom teachers, counseling and guidance officers, librar¬ ians, and, finally, a miscellaneous group consisting chiefly of registrars, attendance officers, nurses, etc.; table 12 presents such data for the total professional staffs classified by types of school organization (see pp. 64-65); table 13 distributes the total secondary school staffs by types of school and by rural and urban locations (see pp. 66-67) ; and table 14 distributes classroom teachers only, by type of school and by rural and urban location. This more detailed distribution of the data for classroom teachers is presented in this report because this part of the staff alone numbers 331,904 and comprises 87.3 percent of the total professional staffs of the public day high schools. Size of Public Secondary Day Schools Data showing a number of significant trends relating to the size of the high schools are given in this report. The size of a school is usually gaged by the number of pupils enrolled; to a lesser degree the size of the staff employed is also used as an index. Such data are, therefore, presented here chiefly on the enrollment basis (tables A, D, E, F, M, and 1 to 5, inclusive). Except for 1946 the average enrollment of the public high schools of the Nation as a whole is seen to be larger for each successive date reported * Each staff member was reported in one category only, viz. that in which employed more than halftime. Duplication was thus avoided. See appendix for classification of staff members. PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 13 since 1890 (table A). In that year it was 80.3 pupils per school; by 1952 the average enrollment had grown to about four times this number, or 323.8. As a rule, new high schools begin with few pupils, often as one or two grades attached to the elementary schools. Because of the phe¬ nomenal growth in the popularity of secondary education in the United States during the period in question, the growth in the size of the average high school was obviously slower than it would otherwise have been because of these beginning high schools feeding in at the low end of this size range. During this same 62 -year period the average number of teachers em¬ ployed per school rose at approximately the same rate as the enrollment — from 3.6 in 1890 to 14.0 in 1952 (table A). From 1930 to 1938, during the depression, the average number of pupils per teacher rose rapidly to 27.2. Since the last-named date, however, this ratio has again gone down. For 1952 there were 23.2 pupils per high-school teacher. This is important because such lower pupil-teacher ratios are usually asso¬ ciated with better instruction. They also reflect increases in the supply of secondary school teachers in relation to number needed. A word of caution may be helpful here. A lower average number of pupils per teacher does not necessarily imply uniformly smaller classes or fewer overloaded classes. New subjects often enrolling comparatively few pupils are being added; enrollments in some older subjects are dwin¬ dling. Moreover, more pupils are being retained to the upper high-school grades. These and other factors contribute to the multiplication of small classes, which in turn tend to lower the average pupil-teacher ratio, but leave oversized classes unaffected. Data amplifying the generalizations on size trends are presented in some detail by major types of schools — regularly organized, reorganized, and the total of both (table D). Almost without exception the numbers of extremely small schools — those enrolling fewer than 100 pupils — have in recent years been decreasing in each of the five categories involved. This is particularly true of those enrolling fewer than 25 pupils each. In these lowest size groupings the number of schools decreased from 2,007 in 1930 to 824 in 1952, or from 9.3 percent to 3.5 percent of the total number of public day high schools. If the schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils had been known and included in 1930, this drop would have been even more marked. Similar reductions in the number and propor¬ tion of schools in these lower size brackets are shown for both those regularly organized (8-4 plan) and those involving the junior high school form of organization commonly referred to as " reorganized” high schools (6-3-3 or 6—6 plan). The rapid shifts in recent years from the 8-4 type of (regular) high-school organization to the reorganized form, which added many 7th- and 8th-grade pupils to the secondary education enroll¬ ments, naturally influenced the size trends of the public bigh school 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 upward. These shifts were especially heavy from 1946 to 1952, as will be pointed out in connection with the analyses of the reorganization trends (p. 22). Table D. — Number and percent of regular and reorganized public secondary day schools , by size of enrollment: 1930-52 1930 1938 1946 1952 Enrollment Num¬ ber of schools Per¬ cent of total Num¬ ber of schools Per¬ cent of total Num¬ ber of schools Per¬ cent of total Num¬ ber of schools Per¬ cent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ALL SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 1 Total _ 22, 237 100.0 25, 057 100.0 24, 122 100.0 23, 746 100.0 1-9... _ _ (2) (2) 467 1.9 234 1.0 184 .8 10-24 _ _ _ _ 2,077 9.3 1,372 5.5 975 4.0 640 2.7 25-49 _ 3,866 17.4 2, 643 10.5 2, 685 11.1 1,896 8.0 50-74 _ 3, 521 2, 543 15.8 3, 051 12.2 3,116 12.9 2, 311 2, 086 9.7 75-99 _ 11.4 2, 661 10.6 2, 547 10 6 8.8 100-199 _ _ _ 4,603 20.7 6,407 25.6 6, 917 24.5 6, 025 25.4 200-299 . . . . 1,633 7.4 2, 561 10.2 2, 641 2, 370 11.0 3, 103 13.0 300-499 _ 1,478 6.7 2, 271 9.1 9.8 3, 106 13.1 500-999.. _ _ 1,421 6.4 1,940 7.7 2, 200 9.1 2, 757 11.6 1,000-2,499 _ 934 4.2 1, 444 5.7 1,303 5.4 1,536 6.5 2,500-4,999 _ _ 134 .6 199 .8 122 .5 97 .4 5,000 or more 3... . . . 27 • .1 41 .2 12 .1 5 (*) REGULAR SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS Total _ _ 16,460 100.0 15, 523 100.0 13, 797 100.0 10, 168 100.0 1-9.. _ _ _ _ (2) (2) 467 3.0 219 1.6 179 1.8 10-24 . . . . . . 2, 013 12.2 1, 346 2, 399 8.7 901 6.5 591 5.8 25-49 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3,618 22.0 15.5 2, 369 17.2 1,591 15.6 50-74 _ _ _ _ _ 3,116 2,157 18.9 2, 462 15.9 2, 521 18.3 1,697 1,279 16.7 75-99. . . . . 13.1 1,900 3, 794 12.2 1,739 12.6 12.6 100-199 _ _ 3, 229 19.6 24.4 3, 193 23.1 2,500 24.6 200-299 _ _ _ 881 5.4 1,227 7.9 1,179 747 8.6 895 8.8 300-499... _ _ 623 3.8 847 5.5 5.4 672 6.6 500-999. . . . . . 409 2.5 517 3.3 483 3.5 430 4.2 1,000-2,499- _ _ 297 1.8 411 2.6 358 2.6 307 3.0 2,500 or more . . ... _ 117 .7 153 1.0 88 .6 27 .3 REORGANIZED SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS Total _ 5,777 100.0 9,534 100.0 10, 325 100.0 13,578 100.0 1-9.. _ _ _ _ (2) (2) 0 0 15 .1 5 (4) 10-24 . . 64 1.1 26 .3 74 .7 49 .4 25-49.... _ _ 248 4.3 244 2.6 316 3.1 305 2.2 50-74 _ _ _ _ _ 405 7.0 589 6.2 595 5.8 614 4.5 75-99.. . . . . . 386 6.7 761 8.0 808 7.8 807 5.9 100-199 _ _ _ _ _ 1,374 23.8 2, 613 27.4 2, 724 26.4 3, 525 26.0 200-299 _ _ _ 752 13.0 1,334 14.0 1,462 14.2 2,208 16.3 300-499 _ _ 855 14.8 1,424 14.9 1,623 15.7 2, 434 17.9 500-999 . . . . . 1, 012 17.5 1,423 14.9 1, 717 16.6 2, 327 17.1 1,000-2,499... _ _ 2,500 or more _ 637 11.0 1,033 10.8 945 9.2 1,229 9.1 44 .8 87 .9 46 .4 75 .6 1 Excludes ungraded day schools as follows: 34 in 1938, 24 in 1946, and 11 in 1952. 2 Data for schools enrolling 1-9 pupils were not tabulated in 1930. 2 The separate classification “5,000 or more” is not included in the 2 sections below, because for the years 1930-46 the reports did not classify these schools into the categories of “regular” and “reorganized.” 4 Less than 0.05 percent. PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 15 Trends as concern schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils have received additional attention in this report (table E). Owing to the fact that these schools are part or incomplete high schools, and that there has been some doubt as to whether or not they should be regarded as high schools, they have consistently been considered separately in these periodical reports. Prior to 1934 they were entirely omitted. In the three statis¬ tical reports — 1934, 1938, and 1946 — these very small high schools were omitted from the basic State-by-State tables, but the essential data for them were presented in separate text tables so that they could be incor¬ porated into the basic tables when this was desired. In the 1952 report, these schools were fully included in all the basic tabulations. In order that the declining trends of these smallest schools may be noted for the several States, the available data for 1952 are here presented together with comparable data for 1938 and 1946. For the Nation as a whole the number of high schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils was 467 in 1938, with a total enrollment of 2,871 pupils; by 1952 the number of schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils had dwindled to 184, with a total enrollment of only 1,019 pupils. The distribution of the very small schools was widespread, all but 7 of the States and the District of Colum¬ bia having at some time during the last 20 years reported some such schools. Within that time span, however, all but 26 States have succeeded in eliminating entirely high schools which enroll fewer than 10 pupils and most of these had only one or two such schools. These very small schools are found chiefly in the States having extensive areas of sparse population. In 1952 one State, Texas, accounted for 89 or nearly half of the 184 schools of this size in the United States; North Dakota and Nebraska accounted for 39 more. The recent increase in the number of such schools in Texas may have in large measure resulted from the greater effort made to provide opportunity for high -school education to isolated Negro youth. Further analysis of certain available data (not published in this report) reveals that of the 1,019 pupils who in 1951-52 attended high schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils each, 662 wrere in grade 9, and 250 were in grade 10. These two grades, therefore, accounted for 85.6 percent of the total enrollment in these small schools. The very low numbers reported for grades 7 and 8 (totaling 13 and 14 pupils, respectively) and for grades 11 and 12 (totaling 52 and 28 pupils, respectively), indicate that to a large extent these very small high schools were part -high schools,6 i. e., they did not offer a 4-year program of secondary education. These in¬ complete high schools were no doubt often housed with the elementary schools. 5 The Incomplete high schools are tabulated in these statistical surveys with the regular 4-year high schools. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table E. — Public secondary day schools enrolling fewer than 10 pupils , by State , and by race: 1934-52 State and race 19341 1938 1946 1952 Schools Schools Enroll¬ ment j Teachers Schools Enroll¬ ment Teachers Schools Enroll¬ ment | Teachers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States _ m 467 2,871 467 234 1,533 268 184 1,019 185 White . 65 440 65 46 313 48 46 232 46 Negro . . _. . _ _ _ ._ 93 684. 93 54 359 60 75 406 75 Alabama.. .. i 9 53 9 1 8 1 White.. _ _ 2 10 2 1 8 1 Negro.. ... . . 1 43 7 Arizona.. _ 1 7 2 6 6 35 6 1 7 1 White . . A 29 4 Negro _ _ _ _ ... 2 6 2 1 7 1 California... 6 s 34 5 5 28 5 Colorado 1 6 44 6 1 7 2 Florida.. . . . 11 56 11 8 54 9 4 21 4 White _ _ _ _ _ 6 32 6 3 24 5 1 8 1 Negro.. . ...... 5 24 5 5 30 6 3 IS 3 Georgia _ _ . 6 11 74 11 5 37 5 8 53 8 White _ 1 9 1 2 17 2 4 27 4 Negro . 10 65 10 3 20 3 4 26 4 Idaho.' _ ...... _ _ _ _ .. 2 4 25 4 3 17 3 l 2 1 Illinois. . . 16 12 93 12 8 65 13 Indiana 1 1 7 1 l 6 l Iowa _ _ _ 12 11 69 11 4 28 6 2 18 2 Kansas. 11 7 45 7 5 38 11 Kentucky 9 2 13 2 White . 2 13 2 Negro _ _ _ _ _ Louisiana. _ ... . _ 2 2 12 2 6 43 6 2 11 2 White _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 9 1 1 8 1 Negro . . . _ _ _ . 2 12 2 6 34 5 1 3 1 Maine... . . . . . 2 7 47 7 3 18 3 1 5 1 Michigan _ ... ...... .... 14 23 129 23 1 6 1 1 8 1 Minnesota 5 1 2 1 Mississippi _ ... ... _ . _ _ . 6 9 60 9 1 4 1 1 8 1 White . 1 6 1 1 4 1 Negro. ... . ... . .. _ . ... . 8 54 8 1 8 1 Missouri . . . . . 27 39 296 39 14 111 15 4 20 4 White . . . . . 27 214 27 8 64 9 1 5 1 Negro . . . ... . __ 12 82 12 6 47 6 3 15 3 Montana.. . . . . . . 1 3 18 3 3 21 5 1 4 1 Nebraska.. ..... ...... . ... 62 137 785 137 47 273 49 13 76 13 Nevada _ 1 5 27 5 4 28 4 3 21 3 New Hampshire. .. _. ... . . . 1 9 1 New Mexico . . . .. .. 6 2 12 2 2 6 2 2 15 2 New York 5 7 47 7 1 7 1 North Carolina 1 3 1 4 30 4 White 1 8 1 Negro.. . . . _ _ _ 1 3 1 3 22 3 North Dakota _ _ _ _ _ 27 40 226 40 32 216 36 26 163 26 Ohio.. 2 1 g 1 1 9 2 Oklahoma _ 4 1 4 1 4 30 5 2 12 2 White.. Negro. _ _ . . _ _ 1 4 1 4 so 5 2 12 2 Oregon _ _ _ 4 4 22 4 3 23 5 1 8 1 Pennsylvania 4 1 6 1 South Carolina . . . ... 1 2 13 2 10 69 10 White 1 8 1 Negro . . .. . . 1 5 1 10 69 10 South Dakota . . . . 20 24 153 24 4 27 4 3 19 3 Tennessee 1 Texas _ _ _ 46 64 400 64 54 334 57 89 437 89 White . 19 109 19 28 171 29 39 184 39 Negro. 45 291 45 26 163 28 50 253 50 Utah 1 2 8 2 Vermont 1 7 1 1 5 1 Virginia . 2 14 2 White 2 14 2 Negro Washington. 7 2 16 3 2 7 2 West Virginia 1 4 1 1 8 3 White 1 4 1 Negro. . 1 8 s Wyoming... . . . . . . . 14 8 48 8 3 16 3 2 5 2 1 Data for enrollment, teachers, and race for 1934 not available. 2 Maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils, on a statewide basis. PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 17 A quick look at the other extreme of the high-school size range (table F) reveals another interesting trend. In 1930 there were in the United States 27 public day high schools which enrolled more than 5,000 pupils each; these had a total enrollment of 177,550 pupils. The number of such large schools rose to 41 in 1938, enrolling a total of 272,334 pupils. Then these ^mammoth” high schools declined rapidly to 12 in 1946 and 5 in 1952. The average enrollment of these very large high schools was 6,576 in 1930, rose to 7,549 in 1934, and declined with each subsequent year reported in the table. The average for 1952 was 5,532 pupils. Most of the largest high schools were located in the metropolitan areas of New York City and Chicago. Analysis reveals that in 1934, three of the very largest high schools enrolled more than 10,000 pupils each; three others enrolled between 9,000 and 9,999 pupils each (all in the New York area). In 1938 the number of these very large schools stood at 1 and 4 respectively, hut in 1946 and in 1952 there were none with enrollments as large as 9,000 pupils. Indeed, none reported as many as 7,000 pupils for the last two report dates. The downward trend in the number of very large public high schools is not limited to those in the enrollment bracket of 5,000 or more. Schools enrolling between 2,500 and 4,999 pupils also show a definite downward trend (table D). These schools increased in number from 134 in 1930 and to 199 in 1938; then they decreased to 122 and 97, respectively, in 1946 and 1952. The State-by-State data (tables 1-5) for high schools of "2,500 or more," were grouped together. Earlier reports had one extra column showing separate data for those schools enrolling between 2,500 and 4,999 pupils. Since this report names individually the 5 schools in 1951-52 with 5,000 and more pupils (table F), the data of this report can be made comparable with the earlier reports. Thus far the "pros and cons" relating to the extremely large high schools have not been adequately studied or discussed. It appears that enrollments of more than 5,000 pupils per high school are decreasing. The growth of such very large high schools during the thirties may have been caused by the depression. Delays in the construction of new build¬ ings, difficulties on the part of youth to get and hold jobs, and similar social and economic factors may have produced larger high schools than desired by either the educational leaders, or the public, or both. Since more of the youth of high-school age are in the secondary schools now than earlier, the decreased enrollments in the very large schools suggest either larger enrollments in existing smaller schools or the establishment of new schools. 275964—5' -4 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table F. — Public secondary day schools enrolling 5,000 or more pupils, by State: 1930-52 [Blank spaces in the table indicate that the school enrolled fewer than 5,000 pupils in the particular year.] School and location 1930 1938 1946 1952 i 2 3 4 5 Number of schools _ 27 177, 550 6, 576 41 272,334 6, 642 12 66, 834 5,570 5 27,660 5, 532 Total enrollment _ _ _ _ _ _ Arizona: Union High School, Phoenix . . . . _ . . ENROLLMENT 5,075 6,293 6, 289 5,309 8, 115 6,313 California: “ Frank Wiggins Trade High School, Los Angeles. . . . Illinois: Austin High School, Chicago. _ _ _ _ _ _ 6,547 5,671 Crane Technical High School, Chicago _ _ _ . Lane Technical High School, Chicago ... 5,037 5,153 5, 102 8, 106 5,268 5,243 Lindblom Technical High School, Chicago _ _ Roosevelt High School, Chicago _ . . . . . Carl Schurz High School, Chicago . . . 5,919 Washbume Trade High School, Chicago _ _ _ 5,233 J. Sterling Morton High School, Cicero. _ _ 5,167 5,421 5,822 7,234 5, 248 5, 120 6, 507 5, 017 6, 787 6, 663 5,034 7,378 Indiana: Arsenal Technical High School, Indianapolis _ _ _ 5,267 New York: Bay Ridge High School, Brooklyn _ _ Boys High School, Brooklyn . . . . . . . . 5,311 5,199 Brooklyn Technical High School, Brooklyn . . 6,134 5,811 Grover Cleveland High School, Brooklyn . . . . . Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn . . . . 7, 525 6, 899 6,089 5, 974 Girls Commercial High School, Brooklyn . . . . . . . Girls High School, Brooklyn _ _ _ Thomas Jefferson High School, Brooklyn . . . 6, 970 5,149 Franklin K. Lane High School, Brooklyn _ _ Abraham Lincoln High School, Brooklyn _ _ _ _ 7,444 7, 464 5, 177 9, 965 7,244 9, 569 6, 678 5,937 James Madison High School, Brooklyn ... . . . 8,711 5, 102 5,059 Manual Training High School, Brooklyn . . . New Utrecht High School, Brooklyn.. _ _ _ _ 9, 944 Samuel J. Tilden High School, Brooklyn _ _ 5, 550 5,032 5,573 Newtown High School, Flushing (New York City) _ _ . 6,323 John Adams High School, Jamaica (Ozone Park) . . . Jamaica High School, Jamaica (New York City)... _ _ . 7,002 6,402 5, 679 10, 059 Richmond Hill High School, Jamaica (New York City) _ _ Evander Childs High School, New York . . . . . 9,621 9, 490 6,250 5, 850 10, 476 5, 421 7, 872 6,730 5.623 7,581 5, 068 7.623 5, 463 5,019 5,121 5,525 DeWitt Clinton High School, New York _ . 5,950 Haaren High School, New York _ _ .. Washington Iriving High School, New York . . . 5,904 8,572 James Monroe High School, New York _ ... ... . . . 5,771 Morris High School, New York. _ _ _ Julia Richmond High School, New York .. . . 5,854 7,845 Theodore Roosevelt High School, New York . Seward Park High School. New York _ .. ... _ Straubenmueller Textile High School, New York . Stuyvesant High School, New York . . 5,861 5,585 6,223 Walton High School, New York . . . . . . 5,767 George Washington High School, New York . . . Oklahoma: Central High School, Tulsa _ _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania: Olney High School, Philadelphia _ _ West Philadelphia High School, Philadelphia.. For many years determined efforts have been made in most of the States to reduce the number of extremely small high schools. The basic reasons cited as motivating these efforts are: Inefficiency of the extremely small schools, limited programs, relatively high per pupil costs, etc. But there have also been loyal defenders of these schools, who have urged that more value should be given to: Local pride, democratic control, and close PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 19 community contact. Despite the downward trend noted above in the number of very small high schools; the median enrollment 8 (tables 1 to 5, col. 2) for all of the public high schools of the United States (table 1) was only 175 for 1951-52. In one State this median was below 50 pupils, and in eight others it was between 50 and 100 pupils. Further information relating to the size of public high schools for the Nation as a whole and for each of the several States was obtained by computing average enrollments and average numbers of staff members per school (tables M and P). These comparable indices of the sizes of high schools are presented by type of high schools and by size of communi¬ ties in which the schools were located. For States maintaining separate schools for racial groups, the average sizes are also shown for white and Negro schools. As a rule the enrollments of the average high schools are larger than those of the median high schools (tables M and 1). This is because the enrollment of one very large school would equal the total of many small ones. The use and significance of these data will be further discussed below under "Rural-Urban Distribution.” The 11 -Year School System Some explanations about the few high schools in which grades 8, 9, 10, and 11 still form the last 4 years of an 11 -year school system are in place here (table G). It should be borne in mind that in these periodic surveys the data for such schools have for many years been telescoped with those of comparable grades of the great majority of high schools, namely those in the 12 -year system. This action has been based on the assumption that the in¬ structional programs for the respective grades were substantially the same. The 11 -year school system is now rapidly going out of existence. In 1930, eleven States reported a total of 3,772 public day high schools, enrolling 554,048 pupils, completing their program of instruction with grade 11. All except two of these States — New Hampshire and Texas — were located in Southeastern United States. Until 1938 both the number of schools and the number of pupils involved increased, and two additional States — Delaware and Utah — appeared in the picture. Since that date there has been a rapid decline. Indeed, in 1952 only two States reported high schools in 11 -year systems. The number of such schools had decreased to 176, and the pupils enrolled in them to 35,504. Nearly all of them were in one State, Virginia. Information is available from that State to show that many of their high schools which formerly offered grades 8-11, inclusive, now have reorganized into 5 -year high schools, grades 8 through 12. The first year (grade 8) of these 5 -year high schools has become a sort of transitional year, with emphasis upon basic skills, remedial instruction, exploration, and guidance. • Median enrollments by State and by type of school organization are presented in column 2 of tables 1-5. These median enrollments are a new feature of the 1951-52 report. They facilitate rapid comparisons of sizes of public day high schools by State, race, and type of school. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table G. — Public secondary day schools of 11 -year systems , by State, and by race : 1930-52 State and race 1930 ‘ 1938 3 1946 1952 Schools Enrollment Schools *iQiC ^*-Co NOOCo^‘OOOOiCOCO^NO‘QCOH?000 Regular w o oo ^ i i o >h ic 05 co i u- i »— 1 W^ ©O ^ rH GO IH 1 eo ©* 00 ^ W^ ©* ^T «f r-T rH i wo i wo co o oo e4“ CO OCOINC^N^CO *^h IO^COCOOHON©5©^OKO)ONCO^ ^QOt^WO^W5 Junior 3 Os oooo N Co 00)10000 1C oo Co -,1^00 00 1, 073 774 561 601 601 N>-tO5 00N ^-eo CDCO(MN-WO©)CoCOOOOOeOCO'r^^ CCOOO-*,CoKCOOiW5H'00(NCoCo«OHO(NWbOb NSWbOONQOt^^^iOiONCoOOCoNWOOOO^ All Urban II QO oo<> O ©5 ^^OOOCDOO^ ^05 eoiO(N "<*-©) (NN^O05ON(N^»C^0)0)C©5e0QD^'-NC0^M^ONONQ0C0OCOt^CO^COi-HOOI>t^cO^ OQ Co l> ©5 Urban I (2,500-9,999) Junior- senior ** ^*-©* IO^OONOOCOO)»OOMNN OO^^lOQO^OrHOrHfOQO COWa©seOCOWa©*WbcOTt«W3Wa COHHCO&bHO^HHNNOHNlQOONIMNCO ^WbQOOOCONCOCONNrfWbHO ^Co GO O ©$ ©0 CO^©iHCO^©!l^ WOCO©^ Regular >c.o ©s ©* QO co ^Ob eo ^ ©o °o ws eo wb i •HeoioMCONOWON i wo wo co oo >h co eo ^ • oo ^*■^■0 wo rH o ^ 04 as ©o co *^co ‘ • ' o oo o oo co co as co o> w^ q5 co ^ o « i i eo ©o ■** !Oh ^ eo eo 0 95N'^OS-ON9) - - - *0 ^ Tf CO OO ^-CO O O lOOO'SOCOC5^00Q‘0(N-^‘0«5'»JOOOSU5»nClOOoO e^e49»rH^H*^-~,cCi--,.-(«i^.--ii-t'-'i»-<'-ie<3Gra--!* Regular - in 116 86 ^oo©^t^oo©^cowoeocoo>-«C50icO'-HCNcocor^cot^ oo oo r>. i • i 00 >*H rH ' »— 1 1-1 ^ • « | Senior QO ^f-co wa W} QO III II III II III II CO Os © ' as wo cm i co 0500 i if N ^ ^ i i i rf -Ht* i M H iHHHN i i i i oo oo i 1 1 1 UO»Q 1 Junior 154 Ob*^ ©* Co -Hwococoeo©o©oeocowoTt-.00r-H>-.C5O(M©0^ rH HHH (M ©l HHHHrf ^t*Q0 All schools e* W eo S c§ ©* ©* C0®»0S00C-rt-t-r^COOOto ~*-os to ^t-OS tO t— CO ~Osf-®}i!;P5 -^C) t'®NintOiOtoS'-i'-®!00--CO (OOC^tOCO ~tt"— i eo C State and race - United States . . 18 States: 1 White . Negro . Alabama . . - White . . . . . . Negro _ _ _ _ ._ Arizona. _ _ _ _ Arkansas _ _ _ White . Nearo California _ Colorado . . . Connecticut . . . . Delaware _ • C 'I Florid'a . . . . White . . . . Negro _ _ _ _ Georgia. _ _ White _ _ Negro _ _ Idaho _ _ _ Illinois . . . . Indiana _ _ _ Iowa . . . Kansas _ _ Kentucky _ _ _ _ White _ _ Nearo . _ Louisiana _ _ White . . . . Negro _ _ _ _ Maine... . . . . . Maryland . . . White.. . . . . Negro . . . PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 29 8S35E8SS3 »~r i-h' r-r>^ 1 il|s|lllIsl|gIsiSS3ISgSll3 »— T i r-T r-T rn'r-T IssiallSll r-T >-« t— T 1111 illslsglll .-Tr-T ! >-T HHrt ssIS Is r-T *S3ggg r-T f-T r-T 1SIS§§§ ef liSHII gllSSslS *-T is SIIBaSISlIllialSSIssSIlssI *^' r—T 1, 607 1,607 S588SS3SS ^ ,-r >~r 629 813 676 619 671 ft 633 si SlE!115SigggiSSIilS§Ssg|SI ll81§3S5ISIs lSlSlll§SIllIlg“lSlslSSIIillIIS188glSllgSSlS18glll3 rf r-T r-T r-T f—h" »-T S§§sS3SS3i3S§li§8!S5§§$3Si33ti8I3SS§§!33§35§g3if j | j Slisl§ig81BiSSS|sg|||g|S3$|§a|igg|ggs ;s|gggsga|| | J i Sl&SB 111 11sS1II53 |l sl88 j§§§§§ | j If iSf ; S 860 860 111 ii ii l| SSSBa S3 sssssisis ii ilggallalS §1 j88 1 760 760 SifSiS | ii 883gS3333838E33SSSSSSS3*S§SE$Sa38SS§«g3S53388§93 | i : SissaSsS sSss§2la8asl»8aslsS83Sg8g»53111gi5l8s8s 1 j i gssags||5:gsffa|s|sg55;sss5ss8ss5s|g5ss5t|sgg|g|5 j; 156 63 | ; la is ilSIl i isSS ill 1 1 1 1 | i ill 8 M r-T >-*r 251 667 667 is i : ; i \ i i ii g£ iff|S|sg- j ills |gla§2fe 107 m 304 304 8 11 331 203 m 76 is | i i i ! lsg2s8Sgl2lslgaSlll“lsasl§IISsSlg6l83lsiSsllS«IsI12 • Maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils, on a statewide basis. In this table the District of Columbia is Table N.— Average enrollment per professional staff member in public secondary day schools, by type of school, by size of place, by State, and by race: 1951-52 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Urban II (10,000 or more) Junior- senior N cm <0 >o«5ocioo>ioooto')1 ~*-oo n»!®on0‘0®t'04®)0»r5»oe^0^00©0t^ i i oo • oo cd ^©4 oS cm »-h o loodtedd^d i • »— < i>^CM©t^»HCtCM»H ih©< ->»Cl^©tCM i ! ! »o »o ! ! cd rA ! | rH 01 Senior W ©o ©M ©* C0S<0N®0> iCSCO(Nox5©jc4 9.>— ;c*j95to»ooj>-^'>^o6co Junior CD N D* 24.2 25.2 29.1 30.0 22.3 23.4 29. 1 29.1 23.0 21.9 18.3 16. 5 W. 5 , i®ooo‘0'^toNaio«NooN'^T)«'TNco®oo‘ ©O OOOOOl'*NOO‘OCOCO‘0^lCON(N "5HO r^-*-.»C>*OOOt^OiCCt^OoCoCO cd^^d^id^^cMCM'ao^^ocd^SMcd^^cd^rHocMOoo^edscoSco^^oicd (N©t©4WW^©iMW»HrH^ ,©iCM©M«*CM©*©*CMCMCMCMCMCM^©*CM©*©*^CM^©^rHCM Urban I (2,500-9,999) Junior- senior N 21.0 <©* Os? ** ©Q ‘00iNMWNy^05CD050505 tjJ ^-©^ to ‘o cm oo oo oo CM^t^CMCM©*©*r-»CMi-»r-H—. \ oo --T C0 IQ >oC)C>--<'-4c3coo6'-C3ie^®j(M®jeHH IlH >-i 00 OO 1 CC ©o irHl^TTHrHCOCO ' 'OO iOOOM^OO i < CM ©3 1 CM «— 1 H H H CN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • i CO tO Ob CO CM • 1 CC CM ©O ^ 00 rH < i CM CM ©3 ^ CM Junior a> 22.6 »OOi VtTfNN • CM «-H i r-H coo^^icood * CM CM IN CM ©$ ©Q CM CO ©O i CM CM iH »iGOoCo'0>^0‘OOCO,^OCO^ •O' NH^©j^»do6o6ciN(Nddd ! c- CM ©3 ©3 CM ©3 CM CM CM CM CM CO ©0 • CS i ©3 1CON&5HOO i 1 ^ CM ©4 CM CO i ©3 1 CM CM ©Q CM CM All Urban I OO 20.4 "*©0 55 5 COCcN^O©i©iWWCM'-i >— « CM ©} CM ©$ >-< CM ?— i CM i-h H CM ©$ CM ©>} CM CM ©3 >"-i »— « CM Rural (under 2,500) Junior- senior - 19.5 20.7 21.3 CM©\j©\?cdr-H^©3aiccr^cdcd CM©l©^ 1^‘OtoOCi^OOrfOCMCO^‘CHQCOO^W‘O ^-©0 CO loocd^cdoooocdt^tdcdcM^i^ooooooooo^cicM (*H>^>^CM©)©trH^HrHr-«HCM©i ~-.r-.r-ev*—1 CM ©3 ©3 »-H CM 1 Regular CD 16.2 17.5 18.9 WNOCMN^NfCCNrHO) i cm ©i ©* ^ oS ^^CM(NHrH^^r-<-,^CM©t^C4»H»HCMrH(M©} ' — 03 OO OO O} 05 00 ^orJr^^v^eJocM «CM©^©MCMCM All rural w CM ac 19.5 20.2 CM ©* ©0 Tf *CM CM ©3 ©3 CM CM ©3 ^CMHHH^^Ct^l^CM^^CMr-tHiHHCM^^iH^ ©3 *— * CM ©3 ©3 i-h CM State and race - United States. . 18 States: » White . . . Negro . . ALABAMA. . . . White. . . . Negro . . . Arizona.. _ _ _ Arkansas . . White. . . Negro . . . . . . California . . . Colorado. . . . . Connecticut . Delaware _ _ White . . ncyiu - Florida . . . White. . . . Negro _ Georgia _ _ White _ Negro . Idaho _ _ Illinois . . Indiana _ Iowa _ _ Kansas . . . Kentucky _ _ White . Negro. . . Louisiana. . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( • 1 . . , . . ii.ii ii$i iSlsS: ■< < S2 Negro... . Massachusetts _ Michigan. . . PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 31 t- ^*-*5 ^ CO Cc assess si $s 1 CO is i 0'fHlON>sO«iONOOO<5 ! 't CO CO O 2S2i is j j j ! iii S i i i i i lOiOto^CDOi 2S2£S§ 05 O ss CO CM CO CO CO ^G005^00iO00k0C0^iC0O00,tof^CM N«O^^NOi‘ONCOCOW05(NCOO^OiONOCoOC5COOON0^05COOO‘OOiOGi . hiOQOM-hhiqCoOW 2gS2j2^S2^S2S2^Sl3^S25S^^SSS2SSSS^5jSt;^ ;2g222Sg2S2 COH^, !'*■’** £22 iss; 05 00 05 00 05 05c0lr^^ 22SSS23SSS Tf CM CM ! 05 CO CO CO CO 1 2222 :22£S§> j 1 1 g& :S2 1 00 05 00 OO 05 oi 18.2 24. 9 2k. 9 19.9 17.6 ©coco ! 00 00 8SS3 is^ 21.1 23.5 27.4 19.9 18.3 24.1 18.1 22.5 22.5 05 oo io co oo C5 rt< ^ *>• ! SSS^2SS2S2 i 05 Oi |10»0 £ «3 ! csa3 o £ 10*0 sst CO CM OQ ^-00 H S8§2oisj CO »-H ^*<5 t-*90^W t^rH»0»0(NTf COCoN»OCOt-iOO»<‘OCOCO'^^ ^00 C30^00CM%0G0 00T^c000Oc0050^C0t^cM SfiS^S5?S2SS2Sg^gi8gtiS55SS^S2Sli5g^S^S^ti§;SS§§S?ISS^gS 00 CO 90 2S22S5 C0CMiO^O00 05C0 'sfO* kOCO OOOOCOHiOCMTfOOOJ^ "^CO ‘O‘QONCOO‘0 -^cm CM ^ ^ CM CO ohojnh *-«^cMt^r^cooco5a5Tt'Oi-ico*oo5ocMO©*05ooooco05>-*^ooo»o^^cor^e^ ■ cm co S2^ti2'°oi222222SSSS3a2S^22S2^2SS^liS^^S22^5;2SI5 :££ 00 CO 00 t^CO ^ 00 CO GO OC 05 2^ r» ^ ih 1 05 »o 22 !2 iS2SS3 i CO ^ *■»* i T— « 1— 1 i I 1 I ! ! !«bS co s CO CO stl CO CM ^ 1 1 05 ££S i :2 Co 05 O} ££2§iS§2 CJ5CO 1 CO OC 00 00 00 OO 23 :2£22gi;t 23.4 20.2 20.2 18.7 19.9 17.9 18. 1 15.6 18.6 CO sTO 05 Oi ^5 v>;>^o5oi CM ** ^ h ^ 05 s CM ^ (n©3 23.1 24.6 219 16.2 19.9 fc0cO^00O>-.^c0CMC0r^05C000C0^.00CM05C0 “'tCi O TT MO 00 "3-^ CM CO Co ^ 00 o -♦*- 000‘0‘Q WCO *^*cc CO 05 2S§; ^UJNWCOCC^OOJNN^OsNrfrr^NHiOO^io^HNtoOiWaoeoiOOl^^ 22§£222222St^2S2S2SS2S§828t3Si222S222 NWCCOONOOO*C^ §?3S^sj2£8Sl 5f M **&5*|22****5 £2 w w w w w w o Szzzzzzz » Maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils, on a statewide basis. In this table the District of Columbia is counted as a Table O. — Average enrollment per classroom teacher in public secondary day schoolsf by type of school, by size of place, by State, and by race: 1951-52 - - - - to Urban II (10,000 or more) Junior- senior BI Em cm flAL os ©4 ©4 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950~52 eo>-iC3>^-i'^i^>oeo^ic»eo'ci -— ico-#>t'~ 1 i ©4 ©4 ^ CD MS O CO IH 1 CM©4©SCMCM©4©SCM [ CM i i i CO i9)iCMSN^O«0^ i U* CO CO Ms Co CM i i i i l CM i ©4 MS Co MS i-H MS tH 00 i t-h ©4 O MS ©S CO CO • • i i i CM i ©4 CM ©4 ©4 CM CM CM »-H i CM ©4 ©4 CM ©4 ©4 CM i • « o s CO MS CO ed cm «c OO ©S vj» ©4 ©4 H CO MS MS Ms ©4 ^ MS Ms CM ©4 ©4 CM CM ©4 i0005Na>©}^O^iC0^>^C0»H00O00CM<0 ^00 *^MS 00 O co 05 iT^T^Ot^OoMsMSMS ^4-cd cd^OOi-H^CM* cd^H^©4t^^odo^*©SCd iCMCMCMi-H^>^CM©4©4CM©4©4C4CMCMCMCMCM©4©4CM©4©4CMCM©4©4 o ! 3 MS D4 05 ©4 cdod ©4 ©4 CD ©S <0 os t>- CO ©S ©4 CM CO ©s ! 04 t>- rJH rJ4 ^ lt^C0©SCMC005t“‘^C0MSMS00^MsCMO>'«M5M5C0O iddodoi l ^ 00 »-H ^ 05 r-H MS Tj3 MS cd ©^ ^00 ^ ©4 T-< cd MS 1 CM CM CM H >1 1 CM ©4 ©4 CO ©S ©4 CO CM CM CM CM CM ©4 ©4 CM ©4 ©S CM CM ©4 ©S All Urban II eo s O co cd 00 Co H CO -vfMs O © Oi CM ^Ms OOOi©:(NCoN^COCOCOMSHONOO>^COOS©4^ cdMs05MS0C 06 05MSMSOO05©SMSMsMscDMst^0STt5rt^C0^C0©S©St^^d05CsiMSMs06 CM©4©4CMCM©4©4CMCMCMCM>-i©4CM©4©4CM©4©4CMCMCMCMCMCM©4©4CM©4©4CMCM©4©4 Urban I (2,500-9,999) Junior- senior e* OS ed cm ^ C© Mb Ms ©4 ©4 OO^C>5lr^OSO©SCOT-HCOCO^ i co ©S ©S ^ ^©5 rH MS © © ^ ^4-^MS **4cd CO co "4-0 CM©4©4CMCM©4©4CMCMCMCM©4 i(N^^W^^(N(N(N(NNN^«i(N^^Cl«N^»i c3 3 bp a ed CM ©4 ©S **© ©4 ©4 ^iqnNhxhOOO^ ! CD MS CO C-1 CM CO MS O « i i i i-H ^ ^CM ©4 ©4 CO O CM i-3 04 ©S Ms CM 05 Co »H • i » i CM ©4 CM ©4 ©4 CM CM CM CM r-t CM ©4 ©4 CM '-i ©4 CM ■ i i i i!l O w o MS CM 05 ^ os ©4 >-i MS MS I U- o o MS Ms ! 00 cd Co CM ©4 i rH CM ©4 CO O ! l> CM CM i CM CM CM i r-i i i iiii 4^ CD CO UOHHMSNOCO l i » i HCOMSQ5 ©4 CM ©4 • CM ©4 • CO CM CM 04 04 -^3 -*4- i i i i CD MS Co ©4 •—< CM ©4 i CM ©4 » CM CM CM rH t— i C4 ©4 « • • «CMCM©4©4 i i iiii i i iiii i i iiii $-i o a 53 y-z • os MS* CM OOM5 COM5 ©4 ©4 COn^CM^I ci 05 05 cd MS Ms CM ©4 ©4 CM CO ©S CO CM 1 04 MS ^ ! rH CM CM i CM i i 05 CO 05 Co CM 00 O 04 00 rH MS Tf Co ' 00 OO iCDHCO^ ^ MS ^-05 00 00 00 CM MS H CD rt3 i 4^1 i CD MS ^4-Co ©4 CM ©4 ©4 CM ©4 CO CM CO CM CM CO ®0 >CM©4 iCMCM©4©4 i i i I i i All Urban I oo eo ed cm ^*©4 ©4 ©4 OMjOOONNNC50>^WCo©5lOM5MsN05^0ai‘OWCD'^ ^-< CM ©4 ©4 CM ©4 ©4 CM CM C4 CM CM CM ©4 ©4 CM ©4 ©4 CM CM ©4 ©4 Rural (under 2,500) Junior- senior r* ^cscd©s ^4cm' o6cdo6MscdcdO’-HO©sr^cd©s'C5«!K5lr~CCCD‘0 ud-^-vdcdpo^ojotd^H^H IN9)«1HN»J»,Nh(NN »-i 4^ O ‘O O CD 00 CO 00 00 OO ©S OO ©4 CM i i i >^040©SrH’^OOMSt^MScd’«^ CD ^ O 1 • I ©4 rH ©4 T-i CM ©4 ©4 CM n H rl H CM ®4 ©4 rH >-H ©4 CM I • 1 1 1 1 o £ CD ed cm ©SO ©S CO ©4 ©4 i i i «c3 i • i i i CM i i 23.0 20.8 20.5 IIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i t>- N i b>» o 1 H N MS Us iiii i CD CO • i l i i 04 05 |M5N i CD 00 OO l I l I i MS Ms I 1 1 1 IH^ 1 CM rH IHHHn till 1 CM ©4 • IIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I IIII 1 • 1 S 1 1 1 I o d d Hs * MS *4 05 ©4 1 »csto I ©4©4 (M»--,oeoait^aicoc:'^(Nedo-^id^ocd«icded'4o'^'4o(M‘o'do^^ nd»io5id»d»d*C cN©i®icoe^«-i^hCMi-hMSh050M5COCO CM ©4 05 cdcdcdo6MSMscdi-H05r-3oo>^rH>^>-4cM©4©s‘»-Hcd05cdTi3Mscdoo6^©4r-3Tj; ^^4 CM©4©4T-HCM©4©4CMr-HCMCM©l©4CM©4©4CM©i©4CMr-irHi-H^iCM©4©4»-<>^©4CMCM©4©4 All schools CM e* ed e* O O ^4 MS ©4 ©4 o«joiMOO!Qirtioo^®»«!« MOWHooo^^o^toeo^ 'Mt-o os d^-Ic4o5od-dkdedc4-~«di-H-^: -4-«d State and race - United States . . . . 18 States: i White.. . . . . . . Negro . . . Alabama _ _ _ _ - White . . . . . . . Negro . . . . Arizona . . . . . Arkansas _ _ _ White _ _ _ _ Negro. . . . . California. _ _ Colorado _ _ _ _ Connecticut . . . Delaware . . . . . . While . . . Negro . . . . . . Florida _ _ _ _ White . . . . . Negro . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . White . . . . . Negro _ _ _ Idaho _ _ _ Illinois _ _ _ _ Indiana . . . . Iowa.. . . Kansas _ _ _ _ Kentucky _ _ _ _ White. . . . . . . Negro . . Louisiana . . White. . . . . . . Negro _ _ _ _ Maine. . Maryland . . White . . . Negro . . PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 33 coeocoto«ioo©'-'**'. >n lOoteo-iivcafflOw^acoMi-ih. ~-ico®ostoto©©eooo©i-(oo»-H©'<»-ico>-’'r*o©©ojc3it^co©o©05t^^HCj©05^.©©*-,cc,M»o j 1 i i t~tot~©as»-toto Ir^©©c^©to—OlOiOOi-<(NC^50N>COONOlON ~*© 00 ■'J* to -=t-to C~. i © o © >*cs ©os !t~oo l ^s* oc oo ! © rr ! '. ! 1 ! ■ I |t>s |N >coto ; >-' eo to < ; © 2SS£H:££5 :2S :s :&SS£ : :SS§ :SS ::::::: :S :S£ :S£S3 ; :s i ! i S i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i rtOOCOOOCO'OXS 1 © O ' 00 to © © © © ! i® ©O ! CO t>* © *-• 00 il>.©to00 00 1© ' to to it^®tot^ 1 ^ SSSSSSS^ :S2 issssss i isss? i?iSSS§i5 is^ss is iss? :SStjsi :s i i i i i i : : : : i i | j ^OOCCtN^OirH^iQCDOiOtDOC^rHCDCJiNtOC^OOOi^COC^iHOI '^'Oi CO ^ nj-Q H^OWH*OOOCONOo^oO»0 i i i i Tt! © t~- O to to to •■<»■© N®lOOf-t'NNNai»M000SMNHO‘0WS^MOa>'-’'00®HlO«!00'>M^«l*5N(»®O'1t' SSf3S88?!^SS8f;s8S'|jSg&SSSS8SS3E33gS;2SSifea^«SSSS^ISS'SS8S2SS8S 275964—54 - 6 Maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils, on a statewide basis. In this table the District of Columbia is counted as a Table P. — Average number of professional staff members per public secondary day school, by type of school, by size of place , by State , and by 1951-52 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Urban II (10,000 or more) Junior- senior 1 ©3P- ©3 N6)«OOOOOtoNOO«OOKlNSWOOOOOaiOOMffl«3 -^OJ nOOOOOOn eo «d © ©3 o © p-5 03 oo ©3 i-d-io ~4© *ooi«3s6oScoc3c4oo3©3aJ'^c5--Ju3©»to <> co oo i-H *o ■ • O lOCOOOOOtOOO ! 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IHN 1 O TJ4 00 05 id CM CM«M » CM ,^WHHHHH i i i i i ii0»000 • i udoodN • i i rH COCO >H l l i Junior as 11.6 12.2 5.1 CO^^ONN 1 WN 1 CO W3?o4hNN IHH ! ^ CM 1 CM rH i 1 1 CO O 00O^t^CMCM»Ot^^ *4o5 ^©do6ci>H<3iodo6r^05o6o6 OO liOCM^O *d *d i co uo ^ ©d i All Urban I 00 18.4 18.8 8.1 lO^^OXNOCocOHdN OO^OhO HWCONHiOOiHOOiOi^WNCO ^o6o4dTj5o6o6oocdt^o6u5kdoiOcd^^o6odoc5Ti?cdi-H *4*H Rural (under 2,500) Junior- senior r* 11.0 10.8 8.2 CO ^ «0 00 CO "*© rH 00 00 OO rH^oioOOOOOSOcdOiOit^*^ rH o **^rH OO>n00CMTfiC0C0 *^*»0 CM ^ ^ CM co 05 OHNOio^dcjoioOOHHSOONOOOOOOOO Regular - 6.8 | co*o | cd-4 CDOOCMOO^HHHO o6o>cdo6t^od©dcdcdcMoo rH ©i >H rH CO rH OON*5^(JO^M‘HOCDNCM‘OQOi^iQN 1 1 1 oo cd c> >4 »d *d -4*4 C5odidcdo6o6©£cd^^d4 ] 1 i Senior CM 1 17.4 8.0 III ill i 1 1 1 O 1 1 1 U*© 00 *0 1 l l I rH l l i us "*t* CO l i i i rH i i i CO rH CM • I ! loo 1 OO ^ Icocooo i i icdcd i cd cd i o rH ai oi 1 1 I CM iNH i rH rH i i i i CO ©0 i i i i 1 lO *0 1 Junior •*< CO II r*’ | 1 H^NIO^O ^-00 C0H«0t000^C000H05>i0i?0CiO0)XCM^ ^ *4©^ r^cdod©d4o6*doo^ ^4-cd *d©dcM©d'»H*>l»drHcd4*d»d « ^ rl CO ^OCOCON 4 *4^4*d oo o£ All rural eo 8.7 ^00 N0i^^O9005H05(NCCO^N^0 ^00 oo ododo6o6t^od*or^i>lT|j|o^*^t^o6*dc©*©l*©odo5a5cdt>0505kdt^*^|d*dooco All schools 16.0 O ~1 COrtC<:C3®)'^r-l>-i'1rt>~i >lC5l-3 HH>1 1-3 >1 1-3 03 ©3 ©3 State and race - United States. . . . . 18 States: 1 White . . . . . Negro _ _ _ Alabama _ _ _ White... . . . . . . Negro.. . . . . . Arizona _ _ _ _ Arkansas.. . . . . . White . . . ... _ Negro _ _ _ California... . . . Colorado. . . . . . Connecticut. . . . Delaware _ _ White... . . . . . . Negro _ _ _ _ _ Florida. . . White . . . . Negro... . . . . . Georoia _ _ _ _ _ White . . . . . Negro.. . . . . . Idaho . . . . . Illinois . . . . Indiana _ _ _ _ Iowa _ _ _ ._ Kansas _ _ _ _ _ _ Kentucky . . . . . . White . . Negro . . Louisiana. . . . . is White . . . . Negro . . . Maine . . . . . Maryland. _ _ _ White . . Negro . . . 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In this table the District of Columbia is counted as a “State.” 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 The average enrollment of the public day high schools of the United States was 324 pupils in 1952. Those accustomed to think of the large high schools seen in the cities, usually find it hard to believe that one of the major characteristics of America’s public high schools is smallness rather than largeness. Indeed, if all these high schools were arranged in order of size of enrollment, a visitor reviewing such an array, beginning with the smallest one, would find that the high school at the halfway mark had an enrollment of only 175 pupils (table 1, col. 2); and he would have to pass well over two -thirds of the array before passing a high school with an enrollment of 300 pupils. To be sure these schools are larger now than ever before, and the trend is upward. As already pointed out, the growing size of the public day high schools is due chiefly to the elimination of the extremely small ones (table E). It is important, on the other hand, to note that the average enrollment per school varied greatly for the several States (table M), for the several types of schools, and for the communities in which located. The District of Columbia, for example, showed an average enrollment of about 950 pupils — California, 850; New Jersey, 700; and Connecticut, Maryland, and New York, more than 600 each. On the other extreme the average high-school enrollment of three States fell below 150 pupils. For the large cities (10,000 or more population) the national average enrollment for all high schools was 928; for the senior high schools it was 1,176. Comparable average enrollments for the smaller cities and towns (2,500-9,999 population) were, respectively, 376 and 381. Those of the rural communities (under 2,500 population) were, respectively, 158 and 328. The senior high schools almost invariably recorded the largest average enrollments and the junior high schools showed the smallest enrollments. This pattern was to a large extent duplicated in every State except that in some States the regular high schools, particularly those located in rural communities, proved to he smallest. The average enrollment per staff member and per classroom teacher indicate similarity rather than dissimilarity (tables N and O). With a few exceptions this generalization holds for comparisons among the several States and among the various types of schools. For all the schools the average number of pupils per staff member ranged from a low of 16 to a high of 25. For classroom teachers the range between the highest and the lowest number of pupils per teacher was a little wider, namely, from 18 to 28. The average pupil -teacher ratios for the Negro high schools were for the most part only slightly higher than those for the white schools, but the opposite was true in a few States. When the average pupil- PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 39 teacher ratios for the several types of school organization were compared the highest were found in the junior high school. Comparisons made on the urban-rural bases usually showed the rural high schools to have the lowest average number of pupils per teacher and per staff member of all types; those for the two sizes of cities were similar. The average number of staff members per school varied widely, both among the States and between urban and rural communities (table P). The overall national average for all staff members was 16 per school; State averages ranged from a low of 5.1 in North Dakota to a high of 46.3 in the District of Columbia. Shifting the focus now from the average number of professional staff members of all types employed per high school to the average number of classroom teachers (table Q), the United States as a whole showed 14; those for the several States ranged from 4.1 in North Dakota to 42 in the District of Columbia. The average school in all rural communities of the United States had 7.3 teachers; the small cities had 16.1, and the large cities employed 38 teachers. For the Nation as a whole, the senior high schools almost invariably showed the largest number, both of staff members and of teachers. More intensive analysis of these derived statistics would produce many other interesting indices pointing to conditions and developments in the various public day high schools for the Nation as a whole and for the individual States. For example, the ratios of the pupils to total staff members and to teachers provide a partial index of the work load of the high-school staffs. Since salaries constitute the largest item in public- school expenditures these ratios also provide rough guides to per pupil cost. They even shed some light upon the relative number of professional staff members who are serving in capacities other than classroom teachers. By comparing the respective averages showing the typical number of total staff members (table P) with those of the typical number of class¬ room teachers only (table Q), differentials are obtained which indicate high-school staff personnel available in the average high school to provide supervisory, guidance, library, health, and similar services. It is pertinent to point out here that pupil-teacher ratios are different from pupil-total-staff ratios. To include all staff members obviously produces lower ratios. For example, the average enrollment per profes¬ sional staff member in all types of public day high schools is shown to be 20.2 (table N); for classroom teachers only it is 23.2 (table O). For all rural schools these averages are respectively, 18.2 and 21.5, and for the rural junior high schools they are 20.9 and 25.1. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 While these differentials do not seem to be great they become significant when one considers that an average of 3 or 4 more pupils per staff member means wide variations in many of the individual cases. It probably means an overload in some cases and an underload in others. Moreover, if the average salary per staff member is assumed to be $3,000, these comparatively small differentials may mean differences of $20 or more per child. These differentials illustrate how these ratios may be used as indices of costs, teacher load, etc. It should be kept in mind that averages do not show the extremes; they obscure both the largest and the smallest pupil- teacher ratios. Additional personnel employed to man increased demands for courses and services made upon modern secondary education, increases the size of the staff, but it does not necessarily reduce the size of larger classes. To regard nonteaching high-school personnel as so much "overhead” would obviously not be valid. Supervisors, guidance officers, librarians, home visitors, and the like, clearly represent essential services. Their presence or absence, therefore, must be interpreted as indicating the presence or absence of significant educational services. Indeed, the presence or absence of these specialized staff members is sometimes re¬ garded as the difference between a good and a poor program of secondary education. Summary Highlights These statistics reveal some developments in public secondary educa¬ tion of the United States of such significance as to warrant re-emphasis in brief summary form: 1. In 1952 more youth than ever before attended the public secondary day schools. To be sure, the high-water mark of 7,693,140 pupils was reached in part with the help of recent increases in the number of pupils shifted from grades 7 and 8 of the elementary schools to the junior high schools. However, there were 5,695,514 pupils enrolled in the last 4 years of secondary education, i. e., grades 9-12 (including special students). This is a greater number than ever before recorded in these grades, except in 1938. 2. One of the most outstanding changes taking place in public secondary education of the United States has been the incorporation of grades 7 and 8 into the junior high school segment of the secondary school program. The greatest increase in the high -school enrollment from this source resulted from the growth of newly formed junior-senior (6-year) high schools. These reorganizations took place chiefly at the expense of the proportion of the traditionally organized (8-4) high schools. PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 41 3. The 8-4 plan is definitely on the decline. In 1952 high schools so organized constituted about two-fifths of the entire number, and they enrolled about one-fourth of all of the public high school pupils; in 1946 their number was close to three -fifths of the total and they enrolled nearly two-fifths of all of the public high-school pupils. 4. The chief grow th in the number of pupils attending public day high schools was apparently due to increased holding power. The proportion of youth staying in high school to the junior and senior years was higher in 1952 than ever before. 5. As would be expected from the foregoing facts more of these youth were graduated from the public high schools in 1952 than during any previous year in the records of the Office of Education. 6. While the number of girls attending these high schools has always exceeded that of the boys, the trend seems definitely to be toward equality in this respect. For all schools 50.6 percent were girls and 49.4 boys. 7. Despite the widely held notion that teaching is largely a "woman’s world,” men are more than holding their own in secondary education. In 1952 they constituted 48 percent of the total professional staff and 46 percent of the teachers; the highest proportions reached during the last 30 years. 8. The average number of pupils per teacher has gradually gone down in recent years. It w7as 23.2 in 1952, 23.9 in 1946, and 27.2 in 1938. This downward trend probably results chiefly from the continuous introduction of new courses with small enrollments into the high -school program; it should not be interpreted as suggesting smaller classes in the basic subjects. The lower ratios may also reflect a more adequate supply of high -school teachers in 1952. 9. The average enrollment of the public day high school is larger than ever before. In 1952 this average was 323.8 pupils, and in 1946 it was 284.1 pupils; in 1952 the median school enrolled 175 pupils, and in 1946 it enrolled 134 pupils. This upward trend has resulted from the elimina¬ tion of many of the schools with extremely small enrollments. 10. The number of high schools with extremely large enrollments is decreasing. Those with enrollments of more than 5,000 have declined from 41 schools in 1938 to 5 in 1952; those enrolling between 2,500 and 4,999 pupils have decreased from 199 schools in 1938 to 97 in 1952. RAPID FINDER For convenience of the reader, a tabular index of the tables has been devised (p. VIII). Its use should help in finding rapidly the various statistical data presented. Terse table designations appear on the left- hand side, and table numbers on the right. The major types of facts are indicated (X) within the tabular index. Table 1. — Total number of public secondary day schools , by size of enrollment, by State , and by race: 1951-52 Number of schools with enrollment of— 2,500 or more BII . :nn s IAL £ 1 «>••* SURVEY OF EDU O* »h CO • i i rH i » i i i i vH i I • iii iii • i i iii iii iii iii iii C ATION, 1950-52 i— 1 >*H » eH 1^ l CO rH IHHn till 1 ©* • ®* * iii i i i i i i i i iii i i i i i i i i i l I i l l l 1 I i 1 iii i i i i i i i i ill t i i i i • i • • ii i i i i i i i i 1,500 to 2,499 e© O®* e* ®* > e* co ®* »o ! 2 : • i • i i i • i COH l rH >■«* rH 1 1,000 to 1,499 e© 993 ®*"* e ,-1 CO «1 *1 1'- ~-i HN 1(0 1 csiC5®*05<^ i co >o co o> o co ®* 'h oo *c> ©o eo ^ ©o ^ C*®* I NHHHHN rH ^ rH rjl l • l 1 1 500 to 749 3 1, 835 CJOOO 5§* 05 05 Q> 00 CO ®* ^0* rH 1 ^©0>h C*®* O C* HCO*OOOCOeO©0©^0 Tji©0>^i^©^ CO^-• rHO*®i 00 400 to 499 eo oo oo W^OOCCOOO^HiONiO^ so *© CO ®* CO H H i oo ®> eo ^ ©o co o *o 05 ^ ^ O*®* C*®* H^CONhN^ iWxi (N ^ CO © 1,851 "!*• eo *© ®* rH rt< ©O ^ O* Tj4®0>-iCO©O rHCOlOCO ^ o ®* 1 ‘C^^05^‘<5 05NN00O00»t»H^lO»0 N»C00^WMO5 ^-00 OO O ©* 00 looeo®* rHOo**C*CO rH *0 ©O >h oo »© ©0 rH O H?0»<5>OeoC3iHW«0 05H005>N^ CO ^ o ^co CO ©^ ®* rH oo ®* C^l 05 00 rH 05 >H 00 eo ®* »“4 rH -rs ^ 75 to 99 a© 1 2,086 ooo 1 OO ®* 1 ®* *© CO CO ^05 ^ ^ (M CO t^»©>®* Tf©0 rH ©* •5C»pC)©5tOO>NOOCOWWOOOOOOoW^>HOW05^N e$®* oo eo ®* i-» os t-h ^ ©o ooco®*c*»-4 ^ 50 to 74 r* 2,311 1 OiO 1 o5«* rH ^ VHO fH05^CO^^HW 00*0®* Tf^NHTf i ©* oo eo oo hccoohk eoton^^ • c* c*-*-i>^05^'^ii-it^eoc5o*^®*>^ooeo>^co j • 25 to 49 1,896 1 »o ®* 1 ' ©* -^©0 >h ©* ^ rH©* 1 1 I 1 10 to 24 640 *0 Oo I »o eo ®* co co ©o ©o ^ co ih 1 1 1 1 i S 1 1 1 1 o* o e0*0 Q© i i I I vH I >-< i rH i i 1 1 1 1 1 I II till 1 1 II till 1 1 II till 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 till III! ©0 00 ^'^-rH «HN • 1 • i«NNH i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till till Total number of schools 1 e© 9 II SSfel e© 1 oo®* ** II lO ». «l<5*5N(NOOOS»JfflO>ClMOj vfOOwOJOOOOOvNOO COOi Oj >-« iO GO <0 *<(•©} IMOONIOW^W^ -=*-CO »~,td>0«DO>Tto ®nh ■>*< «o »■* -H oo t- a> «© >o -<*■ o»s*,h«^ -r Enroll¬ ment of median school ii *# II <35»»?>.ioeoai5cifocoooto«o tJO’-.oo-f'toosMcsi-HO-^'ooo^wsiM^o^; ® °o ^Er 8tate and race - United States . 18 States: 3 White . Negro ... . . . Alabama...- . . . White . . . Negro... . - . Arizona. . . . Arkansas. . . . . White.. . . . Negro. . . . . California . Colorado . . Connecticut - - - Delaware . . UThitfi h Florida . . . . . White . Negro . Georgia . . . White . . . Negro . Idaho . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . . . Kansas..., . . . . Kentucky . White . . Negro . . . Louisiana . White . Negro . Maine . Maryland... . WMe . Negro . Massachusetts . PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 43 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i rH >■« 1 00 1 1 1 • 1 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 1 1 1 III II III II III II C* CO rH ^ ■*< rH >— i i 13 1 47 N»OIq eo*Oi-ieo«»»HNHt<®i»HOO«o*«tQ ->f i T— 1 GO rH OO 00 THrHgJ^gogOjOb 00 CO CO Oi o oo -**« eo •*-« co *o ^ (N t-H-’-s coco H1 00>-H»h *^»- ©HO'l'tSN OMSJ H00HP5 9) CO»© 0500 O) rt< 95 *h CO »0 ~<0 CO SS c < COCO®* CO^OOO^N^ In^^hOONCOUjOO^NNN !(DON«D^01C0 00ON00 05CiNi0®5^05C0N?0 00 05HN 00 ^ ^ >"■ ^ • rH rH CO O ^ ' rH ^ CO ** >-. CO *Q ^ 05 OO ^ ^ 1 rH rH 1 rH 1 1 «D^CD‘O^O00^W00C00>000>NC00iN00(0O00^03N05‘O »0^0 ^OOiHiOO5^N^NOi00» H CO *Q N Co >*iW*OHCOC^COOCO°0,OOON CO O Oi 05 CO *0 05 C* *<5 05 C^OiOO^OO^Oi^iOCD^ -x*** CO CO ©0 NP5HS 90 '•'TOO CO »0 t"- 00 05 (h. h(< ©5 ©3 1^ 05 50 Co O 00 >0 i-H tf5 00 {© -HO»iO9J95QM(»005>HlMO) t-r -■* »i CO »Q ~cf *h <> rH rH 00 CO ©1 ©J CO 90 00 rH-r^ -. 05 05 rH IQ rH rH ^ ^ ^ (N 05 05 OQ ^ M ^ »0 O* ^ CO »H >-• 05 ^ ^ O* rH Hf CO 05 '^•IQi COOWCONNO ©» ■>* t)< 90 t-i 05 05 COOO rH (N^^>^^(NOOOO^OO‘OCO^NCOHN CO ^ 05 tHCO^N^hOiON^CSCO CO^O^COrH H^ej CO I-H rH >Q 05 *0 Co 05 CO 05 CO rH lO lO rH CS ^ OOt^ CO ^ H05*OOl^OOOH(N^OO^NM-H lO 1 0>HlON»*H i^HHN CO ^t-00 rH » l 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 l 1 1 rH i rH i N^HCO COH 1 1 till i i it i ill i i i i till (N 1 1 1 ICO IN 1 *5 rH 1 1 o lOCO • » 1 05 05 O (N i i i i ^COCO©0 < lO ^ ©0 t'- ■< ) GO N CS CO CO ( 'OiOo(OiO(OOQO« < co o ^ i8°>8* oh* «|w§ !« « figg fe£ £sEs £s| Sl| e^gt GO 2 <1 o z3 B o 55 • ; y h i * :^S« . . SSlfc'^oSlpa wg^osaag^K« *5 i O :o s J o ' oi © « « H • ~ “ £ ** •' g1^ oSwwwwwo o3E 5Swg %ZZZZZZZ Zoo OPhPSgq p>> ££ Excludes all ungraded schools (11 in number). Maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils, on a statewide basis. In this table the District of Columbia is counted as a “State.” Not computed when total is fewer than 30 schools. Table 2. — Number of public junior high schools , by size of enrollment, by State, and by race: 1951-52 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 45 ! 5 55 s s SS^SSSS” S* « g ££s 8 5 0* 5 « £S£0* § £s 5 S” §§£S8§ s^sgss . . iiP; ■ - ss g i P>> § s ilsgl a s 3 I .52 .2 .Q 6 *5 I & I I 5 Table 3— Number of public senior high schools , by size of enrollment, by State , and by race: 1951-52 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Number of schools with enrollment of— 2,500 or more r* § : ; Tllll :::::::: ::::::: ::::::: !!!!!!! r : m : : : : : : : : : : i i mi i s r r : : : ! : : : : 1,500 to 2,499 CO s Vs ! i 39 6 5 Z 6 6 CMCOf-HCO ' ' ICO1 : : : iii ^ — ' 00 oo 1 i i 1,000 to 1,499 2 £ ooo N CO *4 | j- | ; : : gsg 3 s CO 03 | j i i i ■ coco < co 03 !co j j j 10 5 10 1 2 * 1 ! 1 isa 2 1 i ! - ! i 1 : : : : : i* i i i i : : icowiot'co*: j — i I - r i : i fsi 2 s -U< -«*• »■, i : • Tt^C0©0 1 “3 ! | l i l M tJ< co to J | |i-l l l l >- : Hi : : : is! - 2 5§- " l i i : ; j i »o oa ' n i CN j | 1 r-COlOOJCO^ ! j j i i i SoS • (30 1 1 I *-• W W 1-H l ' j j i i ! ! ! 1 |||; : i i i i i i i i i i i ^ : I : GO ~ i i | j j j i : : : i : ! ; j : ; 1 CO ' OJ IHN 1 1 i i i : : : ; : : ; i i i i i i : : : 75 to 99 o* O* oo ^ : : : : ; ; ; | i i j i ! ! ^ ; j i i ;i:; iii! : : : : i» i— i i ! i i iii j i m i ! i 50 to 74 €0 i i i i i i i iii i i i i : : : ; iiiiiiii i i i i i i i i i i : : : Hi : : : - eo j ill! j j j j i j i III! iiiiiiii iiiiiiii i i iii! i i • 10 to 24 1 j||| i i j i 1 i i i ! ! i i i i iiiiiiii : : : I I I : : : ill! e* 1,760 0,^000 0, Enroll¬ ment of median school s SI seeee^r sees* ssssss^ ssssssssss State and race - United States . . - . 18 States: > White . — Negro . . . — : c White . Arizona . . . . Arkansas: White . California . Colorado . . . . CONNECTICUT - Delaware . . . White . . . . Negro . . . . . . Florida . White . JMegro _ _ _ - . Georgia . . White . . . Negro . . . . . . IDAtlU _ Illinois . . . . . . Indiana . Kansas . . Kentucky . . White.. . Negro.. . . . LOUISIANA White . . Negro- . A/f i IMTf Maryland . . . White . Negro . PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 47 Table 4. — Number of public regular high schools , by size of enrollment, by State, and by race: 1951-52 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Num ber of schools with enrollment of— 2.500 or more ss >H>'4 1 »< i i i tCOO) 1 • j : i j j j rH -rs 1 ■»* iHN i ; 4 19 6 1 CO <30 j co>o^^ 300 to 399 a 3 co 53 ! con> • 1 o eo >o -« l rH ! i i ; j Z l \ 9 9 I i 1 in Total number of schools 3 10, 168 51 1 •SV-T 89 128 111 Enroll¬ ment of median school £ 97 72 |eeeSS8eSB|>eeee®*asasS8S8es*S* 274 148 82 | State and race - United States . . 18 States: 1 White . . Negro... . . . Alabama . . . - White . . Negro... . . . - Arizona . . ARKANSAS. . - . White . . - . — Negro. . . California... . Colorado.. . . Connecticut.. . . Delaware: Negro... . Florida.. . . . White . Georgia. _ _ _ White . . . . . - xy^iu - - - - Idaho . . . Illinois - - - Indiana . . . Iowa . . . . Kansas _ Kentucky . . . . White . Neoro _ _ _ Louisiana . . . . White . . . Negro . . . Maine . . . Nil ! i i i ; | j ; j i j j 11 PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 49 Maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils, on a statewide basis. In this table the District of Columbia is counted as a “State “ Not computed when the total is fewer than 30 schools. No regular high schools reported. Table 5. — Number of public junior-senior high schools , by size of enrollment, by State, and by race: 1951-52 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Number of schools with enrollment of— 2,500 or more *3«1 i i i i i i i CM • t i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i l l i 1 i i l 1 1 1 l l I rH 1 >*« 1 1 1 1 1,500 to 2,499 CO W CO <> 00 »i OU5H 1,000 to 1,499 US 238 05 1 1 1 x}< ©* ©* rH i I I^H 1 1 1 CM>^>^COUS>^CM^ irH 00 toco CM** CO©* O00) u* O 05 ^ 05 X* OS CM >o o »o eo oo oo !<£> ** -* "«• j *h w( n eo to ■«*< -<*• 00 ^ >x CM U* U* ! 0-0) o o »o eo 704 ©M ^ ^ ^ CO 05 US *C CM CO ©* rH rH COt^OiO5C50>^CMO5CMx^x^O500'»>xCM00 -*CO xf< •) CM ^ CM ©* CM rH rH Bog ^ ^ w 580 ©* 00 CO US 00 ■ CO CM CM *^»-‘COO©OOa’^l^CO©0 CO CO ©0 rH ^oooo©ocMcooo^coco«*^oo^t*^*-oococoo CO©*>^CM©* CM rH CO ©0 rH >*i CM >x 200 to 299 o 1,673 c*> CO ^ ©* ©M CO CO ©Q ^05 05 CO xF (NOONt- 05 D- ©* *^-05 ^SOJCMOOOCOO©}CoCO^ONHN^ xf ^ U* HO0CMHNN CM >-i t-i rH CM >-i 150 to 199 e* US CO US OO us CO US ^ O CM Q> ^-OO ©*CoCMx*-« CO cn eo OO Oi ^ Co CO "*05 HOOOOOHHH rH CM ©* rH CM Us ^ 00 CM rH 05 CO 00 Tx xJ< CO t> rH >x 1 lO 0 05 CM Xf US 168 t'- ©0 CO >x ICO 1 ©o ^co ©o ua rH Is* xf< t>- CM i CO ©0 CM I I I • l IOHH i S53 X* - »-N ^ 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 CM >i ■**■« 1 1 iiii it ! ! \ r"< | ! iiii CM i i i i iiii Total num¬ ber of schools « 8, 591 ©*>-r OC0~^C00If^«St-0>-rf,0500>^'-'O^C0*-HX5C0^-(Mr-i01--iX5--.NO--^0» t^CiC0C^«D‘C>O«500IMM«l (0S0j(N»2ia01‘0'«,®®['®3*5MOer3(0MO«» TTijS, Tji 80 — 1 ij( ! ' 1 1 1 CO >> o PQ at GO o w ©$ o oo Co t* -!»00 ■ HN*i O H 00 1 CN to i h*1 CH 1—1 i-l »i C* l • > 1 ■ 1 1 1 i 1 | Unclassified CO M 5 GD o 90 GO iflT ^kI-> CO$0©0OSt^kCb^(NkOkOH>-s i »D »0 l CO Co l 1 kO o OS (N CD Co i OS ko rH • CO ©O ^ H ^ O *— < CO • CO ©O i t < ^ r-J CO rH CD Co lH >-* rH • 1 i i i | 1 • 1 1 1 | i i l i 1 | CO >> o m CO OS W5 OO >h ^ ^ ^ O* >*h CD CO Tt< ©0 CO ©0 1 iHCDOONOCo CO »-H i i i Dl OS r—1 1 iHHH III • i III Grade 12 ^co S CO to kO OS o kft ©0 ©* kO OO Co Ob O^Oo^CO^^rMCOrHt-^^C^cOko^kO dO(NOOHDN«JOO©i<^)00^000b000CCb^C^ O ^“kQ cO N N O c^of ©o ^oo io isTi-T >4“ aT >-f oo" >-T co c cd ^doos os"^ «?co cokes >»r CO >> O m K5 kO> nV ®0 ©* t^krb^r^kO^©OCDOO»-*kO OJ^O&bClNkQN^CCNiHCOOebCINtOOOOOO^ coobMMOC)0^ooN<3o *>^ko ^ooookfb^oou-oocor^i^o^i^^obooccoab t- Ob (N ^00 HHDOObNTtO^(N©)OHr-oODCOO-T of rC co r^T ko" ko" i-T txf^>T>^c^ccr>-rco"os"kD hos oo^>T t^io»Tco cdu^ CO Cl HH Grade 11 CO 5 GO GO* r* CO oo *<*• Ob CO 00 so C!Ob^NDOO^^OOOHifSCciC?OOiCOkQ^eCOOtCDH^OOtoOOO^CDH&3o6 OOO^CTCO>N©5tCCOCOCDNOOriN>Nr^N©bCO^^NtOTt<»OC?COOOON-T >o co u-" »-h >-T of ©o co oo co o o’ o" o ©o" tjT oo co" ^ to o PQ to os CO QO o* CO N Co kO OO •s »o Ob r-^O^O^^^DNiOH OS k^ ^-co ^>^COOSCOCDCDOSQO^OSOo>^r^C^©OOb 0>^OiTt<»0©)i3oDrHTt<^CCNOC><^Tj^0'-sOOOOClO^OOOOONOiOGMNClC^»OOb-T OOb">^rHOb >^"co^ooco OOs"oo 00 Co CO Co Grade 10 CO 3 N o kft OS of CO ©* s *Sf-to ©$ *“«?kQ Tjf TH Ob CO r^T 00 rH>-T >-Z ©o" OC ©^" Os ^ ko" r-T co" CO"Ob ^?T^OS Oo">^ T-H y—i IO ’-< >-1 1-i CONHHHk, t-H £ o PQ a o* os CO »0 ^ oo ©<* CO oo ®o cf^T s *— < Co ko OS ’’ — ( OO kD Tt< CD OJ QO ^-OS >-.Oo»r:ObCOTt^^CD,^i ^kO CcOOW^N05CDTtH©J«r«^ro t-Too of OO >4“ Grade 9 CO 5 O os r* GO 259, 969 66, 670 DOO^kOIN^CJWO^CC^^^CiiCiOOOCONiNCDtOiO Oo CO ©0 >--« O Co '-to OOOOOON(NO©)OOD ^^r-i OQ&bTt^N»OOiO 00 CO ^ OS OS ^t-ko ^OOCDOOkO^CC^COrHOb’-t^'TfkOr-iOSCO kOt?9bHOOO^ o^fconfc^c>©ft^'i^os"i-f'^r cD^fo^'T— 'keTkoTjrco^cD'i-TcDkc^’^-rcD'^koioci'ob©'? (M >-< I-H >-l kO -H>-I ^ H>s T-H CO >> o PQ OS CO to CO o r* QO e> ko CO Co coo »0 *0 T^^^CD(MOo^fCOrfs»GOkQOSXN^ C©l&SNOcDkQ>iOO‘C5kQ h ^ ^-GO kO i-h 00 kO ©O 5)rT kQ r-T CO O «f CO £>> o PQ r- kO kO o kO *3-to to to toto g&f HCcskQClDOObCOOONOOO^H^OH^krscDNDH^iO^OOO^COCCCOO^ Nktb^COtOvt^oOONiOCoOOClCoCCCOOMXl^NMOOC^COOO^^HOOCJsOb lO^QbOS rH^OCOCOD ‘OGO^O'O^^'CS ^-00 ONCOCO^NNN^kQt^CQOb©^ l>r©fb"^rH ofcf©^CO CO CO ©o" ©o' CD" ©f «o" of i-h" os" kC os" 00 cd ko>-frH cocT«t |“H ^ I-H CO HIH i-I »s Hr. t-H-^1 Grade 7 CO 3 CO OJ QO rf CO ^22 CO ©* Ce" ©> O PQ e os QO Co oo ©0 >n ©o *0 ©o OOkO^CDO^OO^O^O^OOON^OOn^aJiCi • rf CC N ^ ^-00 CO OS >-. ©O t0^kQSCCO*QC000W(NCo^ (M^OCD^to'tiHCCONCO ^-Ob 0^0^05000 OQ^CODkOOkOiOCDNN (NO>^D>n00N«000CCDN00 00 00 ®0 OOO °0 os"ko"^frH co ^«T jo cd cdi-H >-T ©o ^?-co"©o ^»-h"co «f Total i to 5 r* os s QO 90 o> ©o *5- to ss ** to MOOkOHiOObCo^COOOCD^^Di-OODCbOMOO^lMrHNiO^CDeo^lMO^OO O®3COHNO>*iCDN^Q©lOOOkQko^^kQ0cDNND^CoOOkOObCoOOO»©^ C0kO^*0S»O©5©0^r^I^O^©^i-HQ0 ^-CD ^CD (M^-^dOO^^kCOoCoCDON^ cd' kQ O 00 ko" ©fdood'oTN Y-*r tC^Cob cd Ob 1-h" os" os" ko" O ko" ko" *h m t>> O PQ CO Ot OS OS o* 90 Ob CO ko ^ Co Ob i-f ss 94, 225 ! 71, 714 22, 511 19, 993 64. 299 54, 181 10,118 270, 110 39, 603 38, 268 8, 895 7, 674 1,221 82, 926 66. 581 16, 895 73, 765 60, 199 18, 566 21, 728 172, 065 110, 8^2 75, 346 55, 766 64, 764 60, 037 4,727 54, 667 41, 132 13, 535 19, 460 61, 867 62, 010 9,857 m 3 '3. a N OS OS CO GO CO oo ^ ^Ob oo 9* to rf -^i to *^-to *H1 *1 i-l *1 State and race - United States . . 18 States: 2 White _ _ Negro _ . Alabama . . _. White _ _ Negro _ _ _ Arizona... . . Arkansas _ White _ _ Negro . . California _ . Colorado . . . . . Connecticut . . . Delaware _ . White . . . . . Negro . . . Florida _ _ _ White . . . Negro... . . Georgia... _ _ White . . . Negro . . . Idaho.. . . . . Illinois _ _ Indiana _ _ _ _ Iowa _ _ _ Kansas _ _ Kentucky _ _ _ White . . Negro . . . Louisiana . . . White _ _ _ _ Negro . . Maine . . Maryland . . . . White . . Negro . PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 53 CS£!2'00:,£;Hto;--»050'«t.«*ipo©ao°ooe'0'0 *o ie— . N®) i rtNOXHlC95>iH t»< -i*--1 ii 1 5»©n«ia5H®5>Otie<5C5|C. i d i 1 1 HHOb6|COdC)6|©d««|N 1-H GO r-H 1-H t>. i*H<3b© 603 438 94 61 43 34 18 16 1 24 2 38 173 1 2, 935 2 1 1 350 13 12 l 39 942 396 53 60 3 11 37 S3 4 200 138 62 d © Co >^©CO ia^ON63 'd i © © i-H i i l 1 i i • O © © I © 05 --f ^*«d d*© of CO ^ d ! 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TtH d L- H^ero rH^lCOOOX©*HlHOb 3 © © © O Cb © i-H d CO !-• © ^ ©Odd J ^ g ^ ^ ^ ^ CO co - " • *- (COrHSCOdX©’ dXCO^rHCo^COd© ^IHH tH. © CO d - ** »-H 1— « © »— T ©d ?-f cf r-H £>T ©0 © i-H oo CO © GO © ©0 CO h$h © Oo GO © nt» 00 © d00&bCO©®3«l»HCo ^© rH lO &b CO if 60 CHCONN 2 a 2 m § 8 2 a .-5 «r » > 8 HM H 55 V agtS« a k :H 01 q Er> Ezs> . „ o g z ^ BS H a O o « OCHtfc o oqE-1 E-< ^S“ ;oSf| H z 5 i s ^ a tn ro ^ < w I lx< v2c°»u fc. tn z E-C ~ v. «a> Z a u c a ►< s Excludes all pupils (4,221 in number) in ungraded schools. Table 7. — Enrollment in public junior high schools , by grade , by sex , by State , and by race: 1951-52 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Unclassified Girls 3 5!8| : : : : : i101* : : : ; is^00 00 ::::::: :s till IH III i i l l i i l l l 1 1 i 1 1 CO i i t i l III i i i i i i i i i i i i l 1 l l 1 1 l ill i i i l i i i i i i i i i i till 1 III l i l 1 l | l 1 l l l 1 1 l i i i i i III l 1 1 1 | | i i i i i l 1 l Boys 3 n US* 1« l l l i l l i l i i i i l 1 l i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oa Oi I O O i 1 1 1 IH IOOHOO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r ^ 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 IIIII IH IIIIIIIIIO till 1 1 IIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Grade 10 Girls 2 7,500 31 \U issssss j-* j|s isss j i i i i i i csr i i iN :rt i i i i i S ii i ii i i iiiii II 1 II 1 1 IIIII Boys a i «s II ssss is ;£gss£■« od*C>~r^9s* -T ■** us* of d tm* d d to* >f us* ©s' ■~T -<* oo to‘«* us* All pupils w 1 S «* 422,899 50,681 8131§R8l8Sg|g2ll8§l5SSIII3slSBsSISl a'g““2's ga2"“>‘ ^“'sg»2‘s‘a'8sass«‘2v'®'ri's88',-7 «f -T ■^e»rH 1 | 1 1 ; : ;s Boys 3 i r i S 2 2 10 ‘Q SSI jn^ONOO ! 1 ! ! ! 12- i| | | Unclassified Girls 3 E -fs j !o ! eo ! '■ ! i j j j js Boys S3 3,516 1“ 1 1 1,357 8 17 17 in in i i i i i | i j js Grade 12 Girls £ 194,031 ^ oo 2 2 11311IS!ISfeSISIlllSlssllaigl§SgE! >~T® (NCC _T «•* o Boys a 179,652 37, 896 2A83 ilSlSlE|ggB|i|g|8Eg|||18||g8ig|g| -r co*a ,-T-T co«* oT Grade 11 Girls 3 § 8‘ lfeBsSliSlSBsai38ilIllsgSSslslS3s v^cororo «eT-$ i-T oo’ co io c*5 i-T « co’co* ~ Boys 1 i S3 glSllsl!8S8llllS8ll2s8i§Siga§1311 H*; -r 1— r ^*-4 « Grade 9 Girls • 78,899 17, 291 1,816 1, 260 1, 016 & 79 1,235 1,490 1,164 70 70 iss ISSSSSSSSS? 1888 i§S8§ ! CO CO of lr-T 1 «* i i ; ; Boys 85,270 13 oo^r 1,207 1,038 169 95 79 1,398 1,514 1,147 82 82 isl8SSIIi§i!BS ill- ilSSl |-r< r-T rStScOCO «0 i i i Total Girls 771,619 la |S 8E&SS§Sig!*8li3S3SS&8S83fi3SS§iS8 ioV efxFg’ei'jH w5‘oa>^rJeo=j^o Boys ** 756,387 SS sIllSlIllsIlalsllllISliBiSBslsgal «o“** of-Fg’^’or-T joyous Vw •* >-T® All pupils i t - 31 fs lIll?lsils§lalIs3IISsSlllS?llsllS 1 | - United States- . . 18 States: » White . . . . . . Negro _ Alabama . . . White _ _ _ _ Negro . . — . Arizona . . . ARKANSAS: White _ _ _ California . . . . Colorado _ Connecticut _ _ _ _ Delaware . . . . . . White _ _ _ _ _ i\egro . . . . . Florida _ _ _ _ White _ i\egro - - - ... Georgia . . 1 White Negro _ _ _ _ Idaho . . . . . Illinois . . . ... Indiana . . . . Iowa . . . . . Kansas ..... Kentucky . . . White . . . Negro... _ _ Louisiana - White _ _ _ _ jsegro - Maine . . . . . Maryland . . . . White . . . . . Negro . . . Massachusetts _ PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 57 SSi ; : I*5'0 :MW22S ; ; i i i i ill 4 51 9 1 1 ; j ;H j j s*° ; ; i i” i"*"0000^ j j i js^** 2 106 27 1 1 eo oo ! eo ®s ! ! :?35 ; ; CO COHN ! too,8ts- S* 1 j I j j j ! j^S ! j j Is 1! iss i i ss : i ! i : jo»o>o ! 19. la i ! i i i i i ;"s 1 i i I*— i i i i ! ! i I ; | ; ; i 134 39 as jss. i i j I***- 11,421 4,720 1,196 'in *« 1,349 49 619 4, 498 1,236 26, 211 1,650 ‘1& 333 7,934 4,831 4,760 71 2,075 15, 333 1,499 1,018 962 66 298 1,745 3 10, 773 380 3, 052 1,749 5,695 2, 887 2, 795 92 4,157 747 1,908 1,069 849 9, 843 4, 346 1,062 1,233 40 564 4,313 1,085 25, 020 1,409 1,363 66 305 6, 905 4,682 4,601 81 2,015 14, 374 1,306 891 857 & 1,423 1,181 10,624 10, 279 2 M ^VTed** co' ,-7-7 13,418 1 5,438 1,451 1,266 195 2,778 1,079 1,430 24 645 5, 024 1,538 37, 304 1,978 1,861 117 334 9,349 5,795 6,686 109 2, 461 18, 082 1,774 1, 162 1,096 66 391 2,123 1,677 14,801 14,258 3,528 2, 132 6,534 3,460 3,349 111 4,720 777 2,214 1,213 1,001 ef-rfW*-? wT-T-T >*%4jgV4VJ od*o'«~r llslaSII3HSlll31SI8?llE3S»l§l5iSSl «r,w s'®'® e^'esTr^' r tNr-7>~r ! 1,743 2, 054 157 342 342 co co* Is55 rH%H~T 863 781 57 20 37 l§S8Sg|g iiiagSIssiit i a' 1,751 3, 028 156 349 349 l|8|ia» coco ill! r-T-T-7 1, 141 820 140 70 70 llggllSISIISISslSlIfglsIlglBsSSglSi NVnTatoV ,-ToasfC csguseoas hcV^oVno SlIHsilgS t»T jh cnT ~7 V eo r^-' eo ed Sl§5S811sllll!liiilISislI3§!ISISsSI ^*joco*5 od^'^r ‘ - S~llgS§§|Big5|||||g|g||§Sg|| i = ig2|g Grade 11 Girls o § 8 63, 310 16, 888 2. 898 g33SS383g*33s§38SS8888S3$8S8 I3SS88S '-T -rM j '!»<■' CO I-Ti-Tv-T Grade 10 Girls QO 264,863 73, 486 21, 699 2.677 i5§l?Slll&gl8l8llIlsllSSlsSS IesIrSk gjW«*“ *oo «3 i ^-^cTof -T Boys 254,791 68, 307 16, 396 2. 468 8£g8S3SS8!*88"SS8SiSS81333389 isillSI -7 efi-T ^"©3 co~*-T ao'*3«»eo ; *7 Total Girls * 991, 182 §1 1 RE 3 SllglllSsSSiBSSISSISiSggISSI illlSSS tC©3 03Tf'^ jJioio oo63*-r'-?.-r»>eo“eo co'cc' c-f cd *aVf 00 ccf »T edof of-T-T 00 SlSlsllSSIIglSIsiSSSgiSISiSlailSSSSSSiriS nV of t> i-H'oo«Ti-J‘i>eo'eo co'o (NW-f oocoV; of»f cf-T^' tC IISgl!li5slSSIlil!SilESilgSls8ilSIllllSsll oof ~ of oc ®f tcT <-T ^co'-r-r © ! 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Minnesota . . Mississippi . . . White.. . . Negro . . Missouri. . — - - White . . Negro . . . Montana... . . . Nebraska. . . . Nevada . . New Hampshire . New Jersey . . . New Mexico. . . . New York.. . North Carolina.. . . . White . . . Negro _ _ _ North Dakota . . Ohio . . . Oklahoma . . . White . Negro. . . . Oregon . . . . Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island... _ _ South Carolina . White... . Negro . . . South Dakota . . . . Tennessee . . . White . Negro . . . Texas. . . . White . Negro . . . . Utah . . . . Vermont . Virginia . . White . . . Negro _ _ _ Washington . . . West Virginia . . . White . . Negro. _ _ Wisconsin . Wyoming _ _ _ UlSTRirT OF COLTIMRIA * 1 : i 1 i 'o junior -senior high schools reported. Table 11. — Professional staff members in all public secondary day schools , by type of position by sex , by State, and by race: 1951-52 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 S II uatnoAi nspg; I^oj, 8! iass ®05 lOOOOl INOJ»CIOC)»OH(NMO^ ^OOOOO^iONWiOiO ' C'} ©ocort>-*ooor^*oco©s>^Oi»o> ^*-oo ©* c© t*< o eo Itoto^NCo^OJOOOW^ (NOO^CO - ““ " I ^ CO Nn N siSSIH^Ssesss U9JAJ moj, 'SdiooiS' UONIN^OlNOOINlOM-loClOiS -!«-er5 c© n *5 ■ 05 ^c© er,G*i-aoo>coaot-»o~,,j<*-.&5_iTi.®» l»-o -i'^C-1 INW’ CO ^ ^ CO®* OHC* ;glSlg§SsI|s r-^cococo ©o co©* e*©T U0JM 00 ^ GO >-H »oV [SI8883UI8 X m so so r-- ^eo co^H-^oeooo'foo'to-sfos'otO'-^ooio n^»s(Ot'So>oa®Nto^oooscooosoiNt'(N"' ioto®®oooooo^,i>»N>-ia'» — - 55S3SS85I5 9JNCOON< ^>^cd»^THkoorNr»oio»o il ?§1 If nainoAi U9J^ I^OX - >2 : 1 5 a SI ugrao^i U9JM mox on9moh«5(dsinmo ioej«jtf»,«ooM02|ioapaN^^ioj||g m so so Tf ®o ■— , 00 eo in iONf~,foeo nmonoxs tjisooo 0x5 r- in so m • if SO », 50 IQ • IslIlsIS-SISalS NUj^ON^ N^OJN^M^OCDOCOWWN^ CM 00 CO^^iOtNOkO CO Oi ^lO N«0W05 00 *0 ©* rH tO CO *0©; . ~~~ INH0050 IISSs~3iI» uemoAi CO ©i *-* 1-* - OiNNOjNOWOOO^Ol^NOO'^OCOTf h< oo ccT©^tCco>^rc^^^oroco»5g5®as5',,-ss^*sgs85t* §§8§§5s§^ss“si5£s§5Sii3^sS”§§5Si5!fe§55Seo§S53ii§?::§sa*^ 2$ \sn i j i SI3SSi5iS:;SS"a§!sS8SS8SsS;::SlssS^sSS8!S;?R,0i85SSS::lsa*",f 38g£^8§^82w2S2§«to*4t~;S3^8«32301**'022i'*£§0i$;2;!;S‘>''g2®to*5 gfSS8®S5-«8^is5s^siaa*a§ss!8^s:3:5*go|$2:sg3fcgs^32ss;? SEiS^25SSg2ggSS§SS3EiSSiSsSSJBlS8SS8!SSg88i§S6S8SS ■o“«5eoeoa» ^to~ r-T V •oVd-'*^ otfeo«o »hcJ eoe* «o*s hoV ^T«o cCef«* eo ^ Sgi8tSiSSIislsgliSSiSil5S2lilSlSS|silSSslll§ISISSS8 ^«5^--r>-r eo«r ~ eo^t-“V*:HwV co'to^ef t^toVT*©*?-*? tC-fr* 28 8 SS’ 3"i I 2H’ 283££S££ |®g^C8g2S*S§88*2g5SS,B:53;!*',f2!§3,o*,g800®SS**g5e,£:8: SgEl^ig^l3SSSSiSK812EEsiSsSSSS8^8SSS8SI35S&^S|9*s5 ,-r rn r4- -r< IliBSIsi^BSSaSSslgSiiis^SSSSSSSaSsgSSSSiSSSIS^gse^ SSSSS8SS3iESgHS8ISSS8Bi&S§3g8g§^E8933ESS&S§S383S% tftC^TeowT -*-? r-T «©~ rCo-f>-r oT^' ^ec^cooi' -*to~ eJcSVT «T-4 esfeoVa e© ~ iaiSsSSSIlSisSii!S12Si58S||i§ggESSi88ggig§si35i5g8§ o'tC^Tcr^ ^“•S -T(N TfHCMW HO‘w63 «>■ sp>4cf«9 to gjodtoc* ajto^tototo* o6W^» 63 Table 12. — Professional staff members in all public secondary day schools, by type of school, by State, and by race: 1951-52 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 rH OOOJ^KWhOMOO c NOCoNCOCoNNC^r-(N^<)C£)f 05 co ^ oo co © co co co< ©o' c^Ti-T -*r< > 00 00 1-H ^ c > °0 00 -**^*-oo©sco»o< c© oj t-h co ©o • ^^•OCOOO^OQCO^t rH 00 l-T ) U- ^05 Co ©O C ^WOOOOOIOO'OO i *o »o 1 I co ©o 05 C0»0> ^ oq co i-H co >-i ^ co OOCoNNOiC' CO »■< ^ Oo <35 1— I » ^©0-^*0^ *C < 'CS^OO^O^OOCO^-^OOOQQO^ lOO^O *-*>Co NNCj^C^O« I ■'«t' O »-h Tf ©0 CO ^ ^OO^CO©0005COCOt .OlQVQH0i©i^N05HO^H>^05^< O^^O'Q^COOOwONCo ^ « »oo sp «? <©©* lCO©OC>r^COC^r^(5o Co^OOOiNrHi |TjiOO^0OiC(NOiSoOOiC)COGoOiMC >t^N0iNONO00^0)>*iN»0O N-O C MM CJ ©Oto ^r-H 1 . 1-H 05 CO co »o> 1^0^ rH J- rn ■8 g s.§ 3 s £ co N ©o ©^ ©o ©^ oo«r -2e£ CO O a pIlPtlllPtpIp^ll^Fl^iFi OOOQ (*h O i-m— n-ii-H MW ^ K „ © < sS^-s : c : : fee s « HH flCmOAN . . . . . . I 703 I 15,330 PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 65 SIIISSSSg^iBSSilSgSSSSSiSSiS&ggSSSSSSKi&iggSgS *■!’ «<' »-7 ao ’-T i-T n .-T 3S38863l8SS»SSSagESi5S3BSSS9ESU8SB8il39S6l,'3a \V«VooV eo^'o^f>^ci‘«o«s gHeoVof »to-“w“*o*Q ao-T^T^ H|.gg|°SsSIIs|gg||s§ss|13|sgiSgssg|8gs2S||g8^|sg8s 1 Excludes all ungraded schools (11 in number). * Excludes all staff members (230 in number) in ungraded schools. „ i Maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils, on a statewide basis. In this table the District of Columbia is counted as a Table 13. — Professional staff members in all public secondary day schools, by type of school, by size of place/ by State, and by race: 1951-52 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Urban II (10,000 or more) Junior- senior 28,092 IS SfegSS8||SSS83S|5KS?SSgig83S||8a|§||g| *■* rM r-T r-T CS 1 G> P5 . " a? IS ississss ii CO j is iss^asggss i§gsgs|| i i :§Sg co-h j ! j j~r o a 00 38 § SI $3*333 ;sgS§lsg§SS§s|||gKB5§gsgS|g8i|s j co f-T -T-T -r Ig^sli !lls§§ Ib?SSs1Is!11SsISs§ISSIs1 j>> ;-h‘-T -r co‘ * 2 W » II 85 55 SO 288 136 121 15 2,414 144 171 i“5~l§SlslSll58lg|§ j ! jssss -T ! ! ! M I m . 2 eo o ££ 2£5£ SS j 00 "si iss !§lS|SSg i i : iSKSfcSSS : : ^ : : : : : : : : : : o a . i CD IS «f 8STS8S3. :82 i 85 :OU5 i i i i oS O Eh -r -r>-r co -rT rHCN>~r ofofof cf-T ooo-f of-f of-f*^ co* r-T»T |«SIS8SS88|S|KgS§|gS88|SS||SS|gggSgSg§SS2S|SS co ~ ~ -T §§^|g3ess§|g|i|ss||§a||gssg8s|ggs| ~ *-f -T 2S3 ggg :|§§5SSS £8; *« iiil 5555 8582583855$; ^SSSpglSSS s§ ;§|Sg3S§ srasi^isaiissgiiassisssis&ssgs&enEBSississss ,-?< of 'OrH*4‘ r-r® ~»-r ^-4 ~*>-r — r— r— r -f ISSIS of of llslsiIlIsgsl§8l|5lsgs|g§s|g|igi|S|=2ga o cow»-r us* (N~r r-r-r ^-~r of of of-r Kl5SS'sll§a§IIIIl!SSlSi!"lslSsllsfcl”2llglll CO ©0 *■* *“H ^ ©3 hNN HH ^ ©o H>«1 H S^S§ Sgg§ 888 S1 *88**- SgSS'nt 88*38 58 lag' 88i28st8SSSE2l8E§3Si8SS888i88S888SiiSSS833SSi eo-os- co-os- -Tcf ruS-^-rH-|>^-05 i-f«f Of-T HW»5 <0*0 ~ Tfos- of of of CO* ss. !i II li s® If E I 5a || li Sa si§siSsiissisissisisiiisiiii§ig;giiisi5i£Sfi2iis «S'T of of of 00 eC CO .-T IQ "> Table 14. — Classroom teachers in all public secondary day schools , by type of school, by size of place, by State, and by race: 1951-52 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Urban II (10,000 or more) Junior- senior r* 25,216 SI •to-* St3»g8gSe«Si*!W3S!3*aSBStt*3SSa5SH -r « Reg¬ ular <2 2 Sf II iisss^s § ;§ ” : s i«S°gs!i” isc»S5ls : -c~~ : ! ! ! CO : : !o j j r Senior 3 53,891 85 362 316 £ 285 285 5, 435 702 942 109 98 11 1, 157 ‘■z 441 356 86 267 1,836 1,102 842 786 336 281 55 341 1 760 6ll 3,608 1 a a 1 s' ii is-sii i 6,711 753 687 93 95 1,331 1,187 316 92 236 1,336 776 819 806 548 461 87 292 226 67 117 888 743 *(8 "as O 2 155,297 SI, 99S 8, 278 SS$gEE3SSSS3H38SS5Sg3Si3S3SSSi§i$3 -7 "7 <0*-H-r ^*-r i ! |i Senior I 1 us l i eo r ! io ! 1 91 137 123 j j issss igg0000 i j j i i, i i j i i j i i i i Z9 148 \LZ Junior ■*< IS us* ss •» IgssgssfsssgJisissssjssssssgs isssg^sss Total 117,243 Si §glIllSlgSS&8|lgs8Sg|gsSI85slSll§SS «fes cie* Whh r-T *-7 fisi -♦»'««)« ci« -» -»-ocodto--£®n *Q 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH i',N'.©HNOrt l CO 93 93 93 93 O 00 l ' iifOS i r- CM i CM -1 i i i CM — l • 1 III Senior 1, 093 ®4 ^4 icioicco^ ?o ©4 ©4 ©4 1- © © 04 © © oo >h oo co co 04 >h *h *o w io OHH C4 ©4 |H»«I CO 04 04 C4 rH 00 04 Junior 2 04 tF IO CO ©O CD 04 04 ©9i00lO939i©C©93t'>O00CO9i00O93>O93C>93 05CMl}< IO '♦ rH -1 HCO->»H««H'-l rH -—i CM 05 i— 1 00 CO Total n 4,082 OO 04 CO 04 Co ^ CD ^**04 OOCOOO^O^ WOi^OO C0*Q>hON00 CO *^*-04 rH CO 04 >H Th Tf *0 rHfc^©3t^.*Q04rHC©rHt>.CD*OQO'»-HCD60®4rH^©3'»HTFCDt'. Urban I (2,500-9,999) Junior- senior W r» II ’-i to co »-. 95 ©^04t^t^Oi©ocD©cot^^ oo oeo©irH »COiCO’^NNCOO‘OCD©©OO^NCO>HC004‘ON‘OH© ©^ ©O 00 ^t*©0 rH TF rH 'HTtHOo©©iN© • 1 ■ 04 ^ 04 ***<©4*4 U- rH 04 0404 ^ 04 04 04 i i 1 04 1 1 i Senior O 460 -♦ jeo »♦ CD© • rH 1 1 >h CD CO 1 CO ©0 • 00 04 04 © tF 04 ©4 i ■ ■ i 04 04 ^ >h iO 00 i i iiii i i iiii Junior Oi 571 §3 oo co eo co co «o o i io *0 00 ©0 »c ^>H 00 CO CO t'- h* CO ©O i 04 h* ©4 ©4 © © »-H >H »OH^H 1 1 rH H 04 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 00 3, 689 1,107 610 ocoOi^cDcoCit-'cDeoeo^co^^e^cD^cJit^ococot^co t^oioot'-aoooocot^© rH CO **©400 "*©0 CO C4 >h >h © 00 Rural (under 2,500) Junior- senior 6, 363 2,568 508 © *o T^^^i^©r^©o »O*QOH00»hCo01NH(N^ CO ©4 >h CO ©3 WCO><30CO '♦05 C0CMP3<-H'^,00C0'tl93'i00t'95»<3O^Hl0 IO -i 93 O IC3 '♦rH if 00 CO IO O 03 00 t"-i if 05 Oo *1 CO 05 IO rH CM H ♦ CM CM H CM CM Regular CO 8,463 3,166 710 IO »H '♦05 O '♦<£> (Ot-lQH N«9J C5 CM *h CO 93 93 CM 93 03 HfllO U< 00 CM «S »i 05 03 O 00 i i r 03 ♦< CM CM 05 95 00 rH ■— l 05 00 0- CO ("iCoOO l l i i-l O CM — i t* rH -♦ -0 rH ri CM 95 l l i rHrH Senior u* r» o w 3 11 6 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IHK, 1 ^ Tf iCD^Ohn iiii i CD CO HOIOC4 III l rH 1 rH lliii | C4 III ■ l 1 1 1 1 1 | III 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l III 1 i 1 1 1 l 1 l III l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 ill l i 1 1 f 1 1 1 Junior © OOS^NN '♦oo co 05 00 '♦'♦CO 03*'COOOOOlf3C<3e«3t'>Ot'*'. iNCO'iMrHOOSoOOCO ON95 0995 rH rH 00»<5«lTft90 1 03 95 CM CM CM 1 S o eo 15,975 OO 04 ^4 ©O co>-T c4©30*t^cD^^rHCD04© cooo^o©oo^c^oo©©©Tt<^eo©oo^oo^cooooo©»o r-©0©O^^CoOOOO©©00COCO>^>*-»C^CO© 1 *0 -*>H rf GO rHH ^FQO HTjilOMCCO^ CO ©0 HHN rH ^ T* All schools > N 23,746 £3 oo «r IO -H '♦IO 00»C3 93CMeM00OtH930S03C>93a3 '♦OO HO5»O0Q''N00 '♦'♦CM OO <35 05 oo CO IO '♦'' 00 O '♦sj CM 00 CM IO 93 ri >0 ■— '♦OO ''CO*OC005Tf0*'i-100t'05CO»0'^ IO 93 "i rH CM -h ♦U'lO State and race - United States _ _ 18 States: * White . . . . Negro . _ . Alabama. . White . . . Negro . . . . . Arizona . . . . Arkansas . . . . White _ _ Nearo _ _ . . . California . . . Colorado. . . . Connecticut . . Delaware . . . . White... _ _ Nearo . . . . Florida . . . . . White . . . . Negro . . . Georoia . . . . . White... . . Negro . . . . Idaho . . . . Illinois . . Indiana. . . . . Iowa.. _ _ Kansas . . . . . Kentucky . . . White . . . . . Negro . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . White . . . Negro . . . . Maine. . . . Maryland . . White. . . Negro . . . . Massachusetts . . . Michigan . Minnesota . . . PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 71 00 >o «0 00 05 »c S ig00 •SS00^- • CS GO ©o ^ CS CS ^ 22**22 S'*** i ^«232^”S8^«£2w^*,£:r3$3S:U5to £32^®*?3'*,22‘‘5 | i ^$:SgS8*«Sg3^SgS®^«s:3*g3:;3 $§5§SI§23£N2S!SgS3g2§!g§§SSg£3;g2>SS3!§§ggg§c’5&:2Si!gF:$;;?g2Sgi^ feSS;SS£ ^WNrttOiONNN®: -22^ :s3$^q I! SI s~ISS““slssssg§gS&sels-SI-IsSlg|»SII»sss8i§ssss ltSll^§ss|2|§|i|S|g&iis||g||s&gi§sa|||sg|5|§sss ! M IjJ ! um\\l IHIlSliL d °aaHHHBO O 35 ~ £ SZZZZZZZ Zoo o 3 i ig ■IJJI illi i«^!.l° ill q 1 1 |SS||SSgSS i ||IlpI| 1 pi i 1-1 mS g" " 0>> ££ Table 16. — Enrollment in all public secondary day schools, by type of school, by size of place, by State, and by race: 1951-52 Urban II (10,000 or more) Junior- senior Bit r* ;nnial survey of education, 1950-52 GO II *005 || ON^HN^eoOM^M<«OWNU500 050iOSeOOOOCOCOCoNN^?ONWO^ O* ^oo NOOOOWHN ^*-05 NCOOOO^H^OiHOOWOOONOOWCO^OJOOSOlO^N ao cooi cm o ■— » cm oo us *4 05 oo • *4 05 co *s •*< us ''f 05 us *4 04 <35 %s co co ed ©dud cdedcTrdus ^Qr-Ti-T ed»d>dus »dtdcd ©do5%H udcdodrd od©dcdoo"*-h rH I rH 1 us lUsHO^HONCO 1 US o US CO to US 1 i i CO 1 ©S US to to co CM rH CM i CO 4^. 05 N h Us CM 1 1 1 us IU5NC) toCONHcO 1 O Us ^ CM 00 ^ CM 1 1 1 • cd>d©d 00 cd icdrd cdoTcdtd • • • l COCO 1 rH ill Senior us CO w 05 QO cm I OO Co OO ©4 pood Us ©4 ©4 | CO US 00 OO IICNHH 00 O 00 05 us ^-00 (NHNNO ^©4 CM ^t-00 1-4 oo O^ONHNN i 00 GO CO US OO Co CO >-i Us CO Os O OOOOCO^^Q^CONOOOOOO hOCjOW^ !00^»0C5N>^05«0C0O^es»Or-i'^iHCd co i>Vd ! 2ftdoTrH>d oocp*^*^<^*^*t^o cc 05*00 co" 05* co* OsT c^oous «T 'COHH CM ©4 1-4 ^NHH rH Junior 2 s cd eo N Us ©4 us OO jdo s CM oo -^05 05 OS i U5 CO CM ©4 1 Tf^Q'iUSOOOo "OOOHOO 1 Tf* co oo co ^ in U3 o oo oo [ 05 od ^doToT • cd od ^ rd >d i INHH 1 CO ©so WNj-oofOOOOCOCMO^^^^COOOOOO N to N »2'*,<0<30C0C30'^-~r t^00 03O«>Q©N®MN01N>-.®03 03C«C0^«7 sT S'cs" *-7 eo'b-T 0 c4" ^ tjT ef co <&” to cT *cT c4 V >-7 rT o°o«3©vf>,rtjH03©rM». Urban I (2,500-9,999) Junior- senior N 706,676 5 ©5 ■^CO cT^T ! I CI3 930®-H01«OC'#©NS irt^ON»itoOlOMNN®^>i3COO> -^-lO UJQKJ 1 t~ QNOlO^itoCCOt'lO'O iMO«l®«3NfM 3J'fNi0W0«(0‘0>o01C0O Nfto •^r~fos''^‘0 0‘cs0^00 ^oo»Q~eo »o© to •'re4' os ■>-/•»' to r-T®r*-7 eo«* iC'O-, es d uscd©d Needed j lOco^oto^-usoooHNooo^oscotoco • i • irt<*s 050oto05 05ooo^ooNtocootoco • i i • USUs HN-stHN^O«ON^*(S*OOoNH i i i • i-hVT oT co* cdtd coed us us ud ousted ■ « • 1 C4 rH 1 » 1 Senior ® 175,185 OS' °o o os od 1,862 1,862 1,231 1,276 1,276 2,053 3, 713 89 OSi-H-^ i 00 0O 1 05 00 05 o ^ CO Co 1 1 1 1 04 rH $S <50 OO N N i 05 Os i005^hWhh i I i i CO CO ©S 05 GO OO iC4^4 i CG N CO O N US Us i i i it>-t>. cd^i* 1 rdx-T 1 CO oT nd US CO 1 1 » 1 r-Trd Junior C5 149,671 ©4 ^ Us o oo -<*• *d©d OOO^hOO ' 1-H 0 USto°ONH>s HON 105 coe^us^^^c | co ^ 'co CM*>d rH*rH*>d j eded j ^CO OOUSCOOOOOOOCOC4C00505C3S iHN i»0005H to ^ USCO CON O CO C4 US N GO CO 'Hh i CO 00 05 OO Os US >-i ®s 05 to HH05USNNN IHN 1 co C4 Co Us coos" edoedided ■ i cd>d Total ao CO | r- cm US* ao CO CO 05 ^.us s§ § •4^ N(0"0)'»to00t'®0iO<^93iO©0>rt9500N®NrtNH CO CD t*. >0 tO ©* Vf- Tt< <30 ■— i©W93,Ci®iH03'«,«VOf'50C>'),00>ClM©OO®i-lC09300NO©tD»i»3 lO-^NOO ®©t'NS'+x>,^(93OO©,i,nN»3l30HvHsQ0ott3Xi o'1 os' *-7 00 h ita co' aT «r »© ^ ao" eo icsoo to tTodi-T cot* ,-T to oTtcT *7*0 »>TiCeo use*®* 1 »h i-H co «» *0 ,-< co»» eo«{ HioweOHH*, cs hh5 Rural (under 2,500) Junior- senior r* 1,367,203 1 1 ^*■©4 US 00 4-^co US 1 »C 00 C- t^. 0 03 10 CO -H . 03 05 01 CO C3 ^ Tt< 0 CO^ 1 1 T*< >0 Oo r-1 03 *5 CO 03 CO 00 O O 1 ’-T pi- *~T of 00 03* oT on i-T u$ co co" ! 03CO®4 <0«0> *-l | 28, 096 23, 512 4,584 36, 575 31,246 6,330 3, 594 9, 624 75, 293 29, 497 7, 194 51, 648 60,906 742 15, 736 14, 027 1,709 7, 227 37, 175 31,160 6, 016 Regu¬ lar CO 937, 339 | C5SCO I os coo 1 g50 1 2,068 659 1, K09 3, 389 4, 151 8, 878 273 43, 114 8, 075 15, 300 323 ©O Tt4 ^Oi05HC4 0^N^«sOtoNUS I 1 i Q00*rdO5 rH us cdtdoood fd >d US* CO • • « CM r-< US rH CO CO CM ^4 CM *4 • ' i 1 1 1 Sen¬ ior us 67, 895 1 1 ©» 1 3 i | 1 1 1 CS 1 1 1 »/S N O 1 » 1 1 O • l 105-^N l • 1 iCS 1 1 1 0 00 US 1 111 1 1 1 -(®03tortOOTl'NN®>0 iH^OOOOOi C0’~--iOt-HO3C0»O®0>-i03e0C0>OC3'^-t^03O!N00(N0» 1 00 ^3 to N ©QO 00 'C<~ie(i'!»0l,cS00N>-lr-IC3090<»>-ilt50050*<03^C0C0C0030i i N ®* O -H C0 01®3 ~r co" co" -eT u5‘~jF^'ch | *-H OiHtoto^(MOUS05C0MC0toMNtoUSN00Tt(NT}<00to^NNHN00*^ USNNNO^ ^NCl WOtotoNOOOoNO to WOU5HC005 ^*"<**05 OoO N05COO OtotoHrHN ^-05 ooousootoW>^>*iOtotoNOHH05^ **^o> »-Tus us cd us^ ^to*i> o tdrdcd oo co" o*®^* us cd^-Tidus of'^Tx^us cd^cdcdcTccT HOO^ !>• Co US CO ** CO us »-t CO 05 CO ^ 00 OO ^QO f-H us US All pupils 1 o? 7,688,919 OO^ || *^t*05 ©4 >H >d©4* SP °° ©4 1 ^ II 1 oo co ^ o ^-us rHcoHtoto^^to^ooco^cccoooNH^tocousooNNt^to (N«SNOCl05toNCOrHCOitoCOOOto^^>-i05COOHiOrHOO-i US 1-4 rH ^ CO C4 H H H ^ *“• *-l State and race - United States . . 18 States:2 White _ _ _ Negro _ _ . . Alabama . . . White _ Negro _ _ Arizona . . . Arkansas _ _ _ ... White . . . . Negro _ _ _ _ California _ _ _ Colorado. _ _ Connecticut . . Delaware _ White _ _ _ Negro . . . . . __ r LumuA _ _ _ White . . . Negro . . . Georgia _ White . . . . Negro . . . Idaho.. _ _ _ _ Illinois _ ... Indiana . . . Iowa _ _ . . .. Kansas _ Kentucky . . While.. . . Negro _ Louisiana _ _ White . . . Negro... _ _ Maine . . . Maryland . . White _ _ Negro _ .. PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 73 !OCO^iCOO^OOO>-. og jjj* ofta^rfj5«T i^(NCOOO^Ob^< iCD^OOON^tHxri-u^-n i^C0Mf0NO<^»0«N^ ^-C ■ CM© ofcOFfiQ CM CO 00 0V1 "cm"»o -s?cT i i*oo5c©&^eMioo5Coooco 1 i § S 5 ^-c5 S§5 8 S oo T cm" oJVT • i-T - i^iOOhOO ' f— ( ^ 00 Co 1 *Q 05 ^ CM CM ©4 o CM Qs* 05 00 Co 1 CM 05 ©O Co CO FH ^ ' 00 O Co ^-oo ‘O 'WCJ^ftONOO :g : ' L- I « co" cef co* cm" of i CM >h CO 1 o o^o"of • of i co • co" cm" f— T cm" i cm" cm~ co" oo fc? f^ 1 1 • fhCMf-T^ hV > co" • COW(NN^»QIO OOOlNr hOJ uO iO N 'X> CO 05 vf 00 »0 • © 00 iO ^ *f Co t^FH I t>- CO ^ CM *-• f^co co»o 'co'oVooq'or 05?C)OOON00 05 05CO^ ^SiOHTf C>QO^N»h O'OOWO^O^OCO S3~ OOC©00^Q^CM ■ CM ** ;g:§ cm noV r-T tsT^aT ! o cT iocJ5»N003r- . . hOOO^hOOONO iSS S5rfSv^ oo fh !CC^O(NW00U5OCO1Q^OChC5^C0OI lO ^ I 0C 05 CO fh • CO 05 Co 05 CO Co vC CM 00 O fh So *C> h*« t 00*0 i00 05 00WcDNOOrHOOO®lN^^05»00^05' cm^icT » of *o © of co^ cio'oo*N ecT of f-T t>T l MriNHN CO CM O* C5 fH T-H ^ 05 < > Tt* 05 f^-Lq O 05 CO ^Oi iXHNsfrf GOOOiO iCOOO^CoO'fCO^OS 0»OHCO‘000050500 OOiCSOsOOOGO1^^^ OOOIOOONNUJN^ cT tjT ccT j>T 05" oT oT o *OC5 © *0 I s ** a sf 2 s § ?C ^ « 2 s : > ^ £? or-Tfcooccca.N^oc <^OOOC5'tiCON^‘ONO W^^^IOOOh^ *0 co ^ < e * © H ^ oo OObiQ^WN^C *o<*o ^ coo^ WIO^C5^N05»O^OM( 05 CM 05 05 -*-*0 OCOO^OI H NOO^O^ ~r co" «TcTcf © t'T©o"c5"©o"4o"odco co ©f®fcM QO*OCOt^^i*OC5CM *o co co - 05 CM tH • CO oo" f-t cm" ICOOHS ^-1^00 05CMfHCO*005C00500Co< ( rH M ^ 05 vt-Cl OO^ONO^^CIO«IOC >OCOCM>4o^^Oo^CMiOiOCMTfOOMNOOCOO^^ >C5cccM0505t^r^t^ )CO- ^ '00O^C0iCC005C00^ !cm*T IfhCM !C00500^^C0t^O»-^>-s "oQOo" iO"CM"rHrH^" 00 CD ©O §0 CM r )TJHIOT^05CO^COOCOCMCOOQ ^^-CM CO 00 »0 O 00 CO O )C0NCMi0»OrHrH^00^CMC500O5O(M05>Oe0^OO>^05 >00»Oc0c0C0’^C0CcsC0i-'O5C^^t^C0»OC500CC0 «0 *f © 05 'f, QO f- ICMCO fh CM CO CC< ) ^ ^-Oi WO^00^»0>0C0«‘Ci^OO^« •CO^ *C CO CM CO CO <3* CO*$ > 05 •» < 05 CM •> . _ r co" - f-h CM ^ CM CO CO HfHH05«OCOCO©^ iH^CO^COCOlNrHNfNrHTft co co ^ »o ^-o co i oo cm oo co oo o cm »s o co c t»OH^^05C5 0b I 05 *0 CM FH ^ CO CM O O O C co" CM t-T o" o^"c>" co" to" 'c6io tC co" co" »o 05" ip I J^^O^&^OOIOCM^OOSCM *^Oo CM io ;N^H lOCCM^NWNCoOCOCO 5 0 ^>»,F» co oo co *-H 05 a* 1 1>- 05 FHCM"co"lCl^g‘o‘0 I FH 05 O 05 05 ICMH • oo I Ff ^ . 10^5 ! CM of I CM OO ! cocm"«T 1 CO CO %o o co ^o I FH o ^ 05 05 05 '05?0^h>n FH CO CM FHCO^O lOOHO^^ CNN 0540^ IOC5MO -sh CMCO%f 'FH CO 5 O O co*o" VCMNW»5OC»5N<000fhM “OOON^J^OOh^Of coot- .opt^c «-*o©o "cT^t-^ecT IOt-N«ON( NWOO^SFHNF^M^OCMQOiFiWCoN^OCC^MOTf ^tO O CO . . •CQN^CMOHN*^TtcO'tCO‘Q^aO>?-^fOOi&5NXCOO^F,rf OOCOWO OONG5^&5 00Nf(U5»oOCOCOiOOONf.iONOOCOOON00^^05»QOCOOONfh»0 hjT cm" cm" O CO FH o l>r uf Cp" cm" »C «r «f co 05" cm" fh" oo l> oo to ^T«r co CO FH cm" fh" oo" %f cm CO ^HCO HHHrHrHC5®iWiOCCO CM xO iQ^^HNS OOf^CM CO^ON^NCO lO <*?\ o to 05 c FH Tf 05 O C O ^ CO 05 v 2§§2S CM CO FH fh iW05TfQCC00CMO^O»0QF10500 00‘0‘CO‘OH ) CO Q 00 rr P co CO CM CM ^ -^OC O - - - - >COCMCM»OOfhO^ ■Sf»0 CM 0 05 0 00 CM r oo tC CO HjT oT o CM o" f-T CO 1-T iC cp o" 00 • 50 CMOOCO-^FHCO^COCMIO t^. CO 00 CM < FH CO CM F-, ^FHF, . - . ^^ooo^( _ .OCCCON05CCC5FtU50N&5' N«0^t0 00OtoQ5^WN ^oo FH Tf CC C » F^t^O ^ CM CM ^ C - . 05 CO 05 * > *** CM - Tco co oo ^ c ■ — - -t < I -M-O FH iO ^ CO ^ &5 ) C5 FH 05 »05"T*Too"uf K 2 o 3 !S o 3 H o s 5 ^'Z'Z'Z'Z.'Z.'Z.'Z. ^ oo mEn b* P H i, g O O h-3-« - Ohkbshho o a td cs w K SSSS S ^oo oah«( h ■ «' d 5 £S • d 5 C - v Q - « 1 Excludes all pupils (4,221 in number) In ungraded schools. Table 17. — Graduates from public secondary day schools ,l by type of school by size of place , by State, and by race: 1950-51 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Junior- senior a 78,805 19, 970 9,946 s8i2ls5II2lssg§Sglls8ssSISSsll3S15§gl rf "i eo®f~Tc<59* c4" r-T r-T i-T -T rfnct s Regular 3 120, 960 Iiggl88s il i i i§ iasSSfil§S il8a§g|s i i ig? eo«T rH ej |e* j j j j oo j '3S«“>'S3f3SS^~3=~'“'3^--'SSS State and race - United States . . . 18 States: 4 White. . . . . Negro ... . . . Alabama . . . . White . . . . Negro . . . . _. . . Arizona . White . Negro.. . California . . . . . . Colorado _ _ _ _ _ _ Connecticut. . Delaware _ _ _ _ _ _ White . . . . . . Negro . . . . Florida. . . White.. . . . . Negro... . . . . . Georgia . . . White... . . . Negro . . Idaho . . . . . Illinois _ _ _ Indiana - - — . . . . . Kansas _ Kentucky . . White.... . . . T Negro.. . White.. . . . . . . . Negro... . . . . . Maine.. . . . Maryland . . . . . . . White . Nearo _ . Massachusetts _ _ _ Michigan i i : : i i 1 j j i i i ! ! ! ! j PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 75 §ssss§ •! ;s§gisg§sss IN©*' . I rf IOrt» i i oT t-T i-T»«r eo«T»-r I co iSS||S;51i :II33 : Vo-r co :®co>~r>-r ii lilISfe illllsle ssSSSIS IlSlaSSSsiSisifeSIlsSlllsslllSgSlaSISIgSlIsSillts ef-~T octT^-Ti-Teo go co to V eoeo eo «* >~T <-T *o -^-T of gT <** of >o ^ »T oT t>T r»T co ©* —T SSIlg“sl-SS38llSSSIS»sS®|Sal8IllS§gsll8slSBll i-T >-T -r-r ~ «>~-r «sv*vr « n«r^~ ~ «“«« -r>-r 0' ISSse :!l”lSgitSII!ilslssl8ISI8SlaSgilSlll8»lS ®Ka ! O .-locoes PJ ■'f ©a -'f co Go tfTxs r-no ws" i i lilII"5SllSSggsSSgIIIIISI§3Sll8SS§ll5g??lgS ill rH~r ocT -r® -r w^;^©*pw*o>-rcj«r c*co ^f-T^foo cojh ‘O^-^cocTar 2-f^-^ co ^ oV 0 ® • *• i i i ggS§sSilIiSISlllIigllislllls!Sll§8iSslllslllglSS Appendix STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS, 1951-52 The questionnaire used in gathering the data for the present study was a self-addressed double post card. The lower half of this card form was to be completed and returned to the Office of Education. The upper half included, on one side, instructions for supplying the data requested, and, on the other side, a replica of the lower half, thus per¬ mitting the principal to have a file copy of his response. The card (see pages 78 and 79) was mailed to all public secondary day schools of which this Office had record. For more than a half-century the Office of Education has maintained a card file which includes the names and addresses of secondary schools in the United States. Prior to the mailing of the questionnaire, this file was carefully checked against each of the 1950-51 directories of public schools published by the State departments of education. Also, a list of schools in the respective States, as they appeared in the previous Directory (U. S. Office of Education Circular No. 250, 1949), was sent to each chief State school officer with the request that the list be brought up to date. After these processes were completed the initial mailing to approximately 25,000 secondary schools was made in late September and early October 1951. Followup mailings were sent to nonrespondent schools on November 15, 1951, and January 4 and 5, 1952. At any time during the data collection period, in the States with fewer than 10 schools still unreported, individual letters were sent to the principals. Where these methods failed to bring response, questionnaires were mailed to the statisticians of the State departments, or to county and city school superintendents. In the followup for Negro schools, the cooperation of the secondary school principals was further solicited through the aid of the State Director of Negro Education in those States which maintain separate schools for white and Negro pupils. In February a letter was sent by Dr. Ambrose Caliver, assistant to the United States Commissioner of Education, to these Directors. A second letter was sent in March to the Directors in those States in which there were still some schools un¬ reported. In some cases, the State Director was able to supply the information for the unreported schools; in other cases, an appeal was made to the principals either by letter or by a visit to the school. As the 1951-52 State directories became available, the file of secondary 76 PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 77 schools was again revised to show the addition of any new schools. On January 24, 1952, a letter was sent to each chief State school officer asking for the names and addresses of any schools established in his State since the beginning of the 1951-52 school year. Also added to this file were a few schools which were learned of through personal con¬ tacts, correspondence with county and local school officials, newspaper articles, and from notes submitted on the card form by principals of neighboring schools. Some State directories list only accredited schools; others list only those schools having a certain minimum number of teachers. In these States, it is entirely possible that there may be an occasional secondary school of which this Office has no record. However, questionnaires were sent to all schools on the mailing list (even though they were not found in the 1950-51 or 1951-52 directories of these States), and these schools were included in the present study if they reported enrollments beyond the elementary level. Editorial changes in the data reported were necessary in some cases to correct inconsistencies among items pertaining to type of school, years in the school, and grades reported. Each school was coded (code-box "c” at the top of the card form) to show the density of the population of the area served — which is not necessarily the same as the place from which the school gets its mail. Thus, schools located in rural areas on R. F. D. routes from city post offices were coded as rural, and not according to the size of the city in which the post office is located. Likewise, schools located in suburban areas of large cities were coded for the size of the population in their own locale unless they were a part of the city school system. The 1950 Federal census data were used in coding for size of place. The criterion for reporting a staff member in a particular category was that he spend more than half time in the capacity in which he was reported. However, editorial adjustments were necessary where staff members were reported in two or more categories or where positions not listed on the forms were written in. Basic principles for editing the portion of the card form used for reporting staff were established in consultation with the specialists in the Division of Secondary Education, as follows: 1. In general, principals, nurses, and attendance officers, if attached to a single school, were counted even if they also served the elementary department of a 12 -grade school. The underlying principle in such cases was that the function of these people is not defined by the number of hours devoted to elementary or high-school work, but by the avail - ability of service as needed. In the case of supervisors, actual service rather than availability was considered the important factor. 2. Specific problems which occurred most frequently in the section on staff members are discussed briefly here. If a principal was reported STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS, 1951-52 Budget Bureau No. 5I-R191. 7 Approval Expire*: 12-31-52. 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 cH £ - a 3 Cvi re\ O I'lll ff © ° 5 III •5 I 2 £ I £ >o «, Q. O .2 « «n .H c «3 u, 60 O l s 7 1? C 60 ‘o 2 ©= S .2 -g -g W s ° c g» . o ’o lo 'C c © 2 E s ibis's T § < 1 1 ®-S S S-S O /-V •- *S n © _© < t£ rt ° . .2 © c "3 c 72 © O 3 ► ■— 73 i- *"» U O «j o ^ w to .2? “* &-«■; o >- £ •2 °- C C ’3 " 2 «s © £ © 8 g " ~ • 60 £ -5 «*S § .S 5 *3 ° sg a c o c o a © -c .2 o G © \S ^ M j© _2 2 J 8 iS -5 t 'o S •5 .S £ «3 >» ‘o is _o o I* o g c "O c 'o V S © • s © •S w -Q 0 3-o *o & ii £ -S J> •£ 2 Si .5 £ u » k — *7 -a _ © G 2 -C =3 £ 73 § <6 ii ^ I s 5 a -a si^'hr is is -si a £ © © JS ~ © £ » o •£ c .sp s © * • - - (0 > VQ -c £ o . K. CO p iJ O 60 ^ .S J s g c ^ •2 .fe § V S C S I. Ijl I O -5 3 O 3 J j3 rt ^ w -o ^-O o > -g £ £ £ 2 3 § g § “£ “ « s | & § -I z4 U< © rt 2 "o ? ^ — O a. © j -c cn <« < Sj a ~o .b OQ 5o •£ *° -c ’£ §• .2 •s < s .2. a *s *3 £ 73 •"* -i |.g g!aj I §\S a*§ » ^ ^ S <6 §. S3 ~o £ 1 S Id - £a ■5 L £ •Bg-8 * S -to g - o ^ ^ ©Jo I § "6 e id 00 •< •C « T3 v 0- I -C C . 73 l&} £52 5 x iu o O c/2 lj cd o < < (d *sa « p tic < ^ 3 ^ Q -2 cd ^ J td O cJ Q .© ui d Please detach, retaining this half for your files, and mail the form below. No postage Is required. WRITE IN THE SPACES AT THE HEAD OF THE FORM— THESE SPACES RESERVED FOR CODING PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 79 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 for a small school and there was doubt that such an officer was employed at administrative work more than half of the time, comparison was made with the report received in the 1946 survey and with the State directory or annual report. If the principal in a larger school was omitted, the same procedure was followed. When no data for verification were available, or if available data were in disagreement, the following rules were applied: (1) In schools where only the high-school grades are offered, if 4 or more teachers were reported but no principal, one of the teachers was counted as principal; if 3 or less staff members were reported, all were counted as teachers. (2) In schools where both elementary and high-school grades were under a single head, if 4 or more high -school teachers were reported but no principal, again one of the teachers was counted as principal; if 3 or less staff members were reported, the data were accepted as received — thus, if one of the total of 3 or less staff mem¬ bers was reported as a principal, this was allowed to stand. 3. Assistant principals reported to be serving also as supervisors or counselors were counted as assistant principals. When assistant princi¬ pals were serving as classroom teachers also, the factors determining how they should be tabulated were: (1) the number of pupils enrolled in relation to the number of teachers; (2) the number of grades in the high school; (3) the number or variety of courses offered. Also, if an assistant principal was reported in a school enrolling fewer than 300 pupils, an effort was made to determine (from a previous survey of offerings and enrollments, from the State directory, or other State publications) the multiplicity of subjects offered in the school, and a decision on whether he should be counted as assistant principal or teacher was based on the number of classes necessary and the number of teachers reported. For example, one school reported a principal, an assistant principal, and 9 teachers for 243 pupils enrolled in grades 7-12 (6 grades). In this school the assistant principal was counted as a teacher. Another school reported a principal, an assistant principal, a librarian, and 9 teachers for 151 pupils enrolled in grades 9-12 (4 grades). In this school, all staff members were tabulated as reported. 4. Deans , when reported, were tabulated as assistant principals. 5. Department heads in small schools were counted as teachers. In larger schools, if the number of department heads reported was reason¬ able, they were accepted. If the number reported seemed unreasonable in proportion to the size of the school and the number of teachers. State directories or publications were consulted and the problem discussed with Ellsworth Tompkins, the Office of Education specialist for large high schools, who served as consultant in the editing of this item of the report. Often letters were written questioning or verifying the data reported. 6. Supervisors presented three major types of problems: (1) In county systems, the county supervisors were often reported by one or more PUBLIC SECONDARY DAY SCHOOLS 81 schools. Such supervisors were not counted, since they were not attached to any one school. (2) In city schools, the city supervisors attached to the superintendent’s office were often reported by some of the schools even though their time was divided among a number of schools. Again, such supervisors were not counted. (3) Music, home economics, and agriculture teachers were often reported as supervisors. These were counted as teachers. 7. The number of classroom teachers , as reported on the card form, often required editorial changes which were based on information (from the report submitted by the school in the previous survey, the State directory, other reports or sources) on pupil-teacher ratio. One of the most common errors in reporting was the inclusion of all teachers in grades 1-12 in schools which housed the elementary and the high school. Another error was to report all staff members (including those who served as part-time assistant principal, counselor, or librarian) as teachers and also to report them according to the duties other than classroom teaching to which they devoted a portion of their time. This resulted in some staff members being counted twice in the total. This over -reporting occurred mainly in small schools. When one half-time teacher was reported, she was not counted in the tabulation; when two or more part-time teachers were reported as spending a definite portion of their time in teaching, they were reduced to a full-time equivalent if the sum of their time spent in teaching equalled more than half of one person’s time. Thus, two teachers re¬ ported as spending one -third of their time teaching were counted as one full-time teacher. 8. The figures for counselors and librarians were carefully examined to see if teachers were reported here also. In doubtful cases, the same procedure was followed as for department heads or assistant principals. 9. Counted as other professional were attendance and truant officers (unless they served the entire city or county system), registrars, visiting teachers, health officers and nurses, dietitians, business managers, labora¬ tory assistants, and any other person deemed to be professional. Cafe¬ teria workers, lunchroom helpers, and bus drivers were deleted from the report. The data for pupils are actual figures and were transferred to the ma¬ chine tabulation cards after consistency was verified between the grades reported, the years in the school, and the type of school. Pupils recorded as evening, adult, and veteran enrollments were not included. Only graduates from the senior year of high school were counted. Junior high-school graduates and graduates from incomplete high schools were not tabulated as high -school graduates. For schools which had a senior class in 1950-51, if no figures were reported for graduates and no information on graduates was available from other sources, the current senior class was substituted. o Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52 Chapter 6 i 1 1 t^fii §t 1 Hid her Edu ■ 1111! tlfllll ' m ■ fill ■ . .. . : U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education -□ Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1950-52: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1951-52 Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1951-52 Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1951-52 Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty , Students , and Degrees , 1951-52 Section II. Receipts , Expenditures , and Property , 1951-52 Chapter 5. Statistics of Public Secondary Day Schools, 1951-52 Chapter 6. Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52 Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1950-52 Chapter 6 Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education 1951-52 Prepared by Willard O. Mishoff Specialist for College and Research Libraries and Emery M. Foster Head , Reports and Analysis Unit Research and Statistical Standards Section U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Oveta Culp Hobby .... Secretary Office of Education Samuel Miller Brownell, Commissioner The statistical reports in this study were edited and the data tabulated by Mary M. Willhoite, survey statistician, and the text was prepared by Willard O. Mishoff, specialist for college and research libraries, under the direction of Ralph M. Dunbar, chief. Service to Libraries Section, and Emery M. Foster, head. Reports and Analysis Unit, Re search and Statistical Standards Section. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1954 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents Foreword THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United ■ States is the third in the new series of statistical reports on libraries in institutions of higher education. The first report in the series was for the academic year 1939-40; the second, for the academic year 1946-47. Formerly statistics from all types of libraries had been combined in one study entitled Statistics of Public , Society , and School Libraries , for which the first collection of data was made in 1870. The later reports are more comprehensive than the earlier ones, reflecting the improvement of library records and the increased cooperation of respondents, as well as the zeal of the Office of Education for adequate statistical reporting in this important area. The present report is designed to serve librarians and students of library science, college and university officials, professional library asso¬ ciations, publishers and booksellers, and others concerned with the devel¬ opment and administration of higher education libraries. Included in this report are (1) summaries of basic data, by type of institution, by region, and by State; (2) detailed statistics on the libraries of the larger institutions; and (3) such interpretation of the tabulated data as may facilitate their application especially to problems of higher education, librarianship, and the book trade. In some respects, the analogy between a library and a large retail store is rewarding. The present report is concerned primarily with an inventory of the store’s goods. A little information is presented regarding the store’s staff (nothing, however, regarding salaries of employees, nor rate of turnover). Nothing is indicated regarding the physical plant — location, square feet, maintenance and operation, insurance and fire protection, etc. No "customer-preference” data are included. An extremely important factor in large enterprises — namely, research by the business on the efficiency and improvement of its operations — is virtually unmentioned. The question of possible cooperation with other stores (through specialization of service or product) is untouched. All these topics represent avenues of opportunity which the Office of Educa¬ tion has not yet had the resources to explore. Although difficult to evaluate objectively, the service of higher education libraries to scholarship and research is immense and indispensable. This service is significantly augmented by certain libraries not included in the present report, namely, the independent special and governmental libraries (such as the John Crerar Library in Chicago, the Joint Reference Library of the Public Administration Clearing House, the Library of hi IV FOREWORD Congress, the Midwest Inter-Library Center, various State libraries, and certain private bbraries). The resources of these libraries must be added to the tabulations of the present report to obtain a more adequate account of available library resources for research. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief , Research and Statistical Standards. Ralph M. Dunbar, Chief , Service to Libraries. Ward Stewart, Assistant Commissioner for Program Development and Coordination. Wayne 0. Reed, Assistant Commissioner , Division of State and Local School Systems. Contents Page FOREWORD . m INTRODUCTION . 1 COVERAGE AND RESPONSE . 4 Book stock . 5 Miscellaneous stock . 9 Newspapers and periodicals . 11 Book circulation . 13 Interlibrary transactions . 17 Reference service . 18 Instruction in the use of the library . 20 Number of hours open per week for circulation . 21 Library personnel . 22 Library employees with faculty status . 25 Library expenditures . 26 Statistics of libraries in institutions of higher education, by region and by State, 1951-52 . 31 Libraries in institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States . 32 Basic statistics of libraries in institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 5,000 students or more, 1951-52 . 33 Summary of library statistics in institutions of higher education in 1939-40, 1946-47, and 1951-52 . 34 Unpublished library data from institutions of higher education, 1951-52 . 35 Studies of library services . 35 APPENDIX: Library Statistics of Institutions of Higher Educa¬ tion (Form 8-072, Rev. 1952) . 57 TABLES 1. Number and distribution of institutions of higher education, student enrollment (regular session), and faculty (regular session), by type of institution: 1951-52 . 37 2. Book stock of libraries in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 38 3. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of volumes added to library, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 39 4. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of volumes in library at end of year, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 39 v VI TABLES Page 5. Holdings of miscellaneous stock in libraries in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 40 6. Number of newspapers and periodicals currently received by libraries in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 40 7. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of newspapers currently received by libraries, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 41 8. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of periodicals (exclusive of newspapers) currently received by libraries, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 41 9. Library book circulation in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 42 10. Number of interlibrary transactions in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 43 11. Number and distribution of reference questions answered, and bibliographies compiled in libraries in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 44 12. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of hours open per week for library book circulation, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 44 13. Library personnel and student library assistants in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 45 14. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by size of full-time library staff, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 46 15. Library employees with faculty status in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 46 16. Library expenditures in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 47 17. Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by amount of library operating expenditures, by type of insti¬ tution: 1951-52 . 48 18. Number of institutions of higher education offering formal instruction in the use of the library, by type of institution: 1951-52 . 49 19. Book stock, book circulation, student enrollment (regular session), library staff, and expenditures of libraries in insti¬ tutions of higher education, by region and by State: 1951-52 . 50 20. Book stock, book circulation, number of hours open per week for circulation (regular session), student enrollment (regular session), library staff, and operating expenditures of libraries in institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 5,000 students or more: 1951-52 . 51 Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1951-52 INTRODUCTION QTATISTICS have been relied upon for many years as aids in the analysis ^ and evaluation of library service in institutions of higher education. Library data have been published at intervals by the Office of Education since 1870, increasing in scope with each survey. Prior to 1940, however, no attempt was made to include the libraries of all colleges and universities in the United States. The library statistics of these institutions, more¬ over, when published by the Office, were combined with those of public, society, and school libraries, and the data were not readily separated for practical purposes. Meanwhile, libraries continued to grow and to assume increased importance in the educational and administrative programs of higher educational institutions. Since the establishment of a library service section in the Office of Education, three comprehensive nationwide statistical surveys of libraries in institutions of higher education have been midertaken and reported, with technical assistance from the statistical service of the Office. The first of these surveys, covering the fiscal year 1939^10, showed the status of college and university hbraries in the United States just prior to the outbreak of World War II.1 A second comprehensive study, 7 years later, presented statistics of hbraries in institutions of higher education for the fiscal year 1946^7,2 a time of pressures from postwar enrollments and rising costs of adminis¬ tration. The present study, covering the fiscal year 1951-52, is intended to show, to some degree, after a 5-year interval, the extent to which in¬ stitutions of higher education throughout the United States have ex¬ panded their library services to meet educational needs at the midcentury period. The purpose of this study is to present, in the pubhc interest, for the use of executives and governing boards of higher educational institutions, librarians and students of hbrarianship, pubhshers and booksellers, professional associations, and others especially concerned with library administration and development, basic statistics on the resources, use, personnel, and financial support of hbraries in institutions of higher 1 U. S. Office of Education. College and University Library Statistics, 1939-40, by Ralph M. Dunbar and Emery M. Foster. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1943. 105 p. (Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1938-40, Volume II, Chapter 6.) 2 U. S. Office of Education. Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1946-47, prepared by Willard O. Mishoff and Emery M. Foster. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1949. 49 p. (Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1946-48, Chapter 6.) 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 education in the United States and its outlying parts. Included in this report are (1) summaries of basic library data, by type of institution, by region, and by State; (2) detailed statistics on the bbraries of the larger institutions; and (3) such interpretation of the tabulated data as may facilitate their application especially to problems of higher education, librarianship, and the book trade. This study is based on library data obtained by the Office of Education from institutions of higher education which submitted reports covering the fiscal year that closed at any time during the period from July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952. A copy of the report blank used, entitled "Library Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education” (Form 8-072, Rev. 1952), is reproduced on pages 57-60. With some additions and changes (based on suggestions from the Higher Education Division of the Office of Education, the Bureau of the Budget, and various library authorities), this questionnaire was similar to that used in the preceding survey of 1946-47. The current blank was distributed to the institutions of higher education fisted in the Education Directory , 1951-52 , Part 3,3 through the president, who was requested to authorize the librarian to supply as much of the data indicated as possible. The librarian signed and sent the report directly to the Office of Education, although frequently the reports bore the signature of the president or other executive officer. The information reported, therefore, was accepted as authoritative. This statistical survey was intended to cover all libraries, on the campus or elsewhere, that were under the general direction and control of the col¬ lege or university librarian. According to the general instructions printed in the questionnaire, the report was to include the central library and all its agencies, such as school and college libraries, departmental libraries, dormitory or fraternity libraries, and any other organized col¬ lections which, as integral parts of the college or university library system, distributed books or otherwise rendered library service to faculty, stu¬ dents, and other authorized persons. Special subject libraries inde¬ pendent of the central library and librarian were not included in this survey. These independent libraries vary so widely in scope, organiza¬ tion, administrative control, source of financial support, staff patterns, and academic status, that they do not lend themselves readily to inclu¬ sion in a survey of traditional library systems. The data presented in this study, consequently, may not represent the total book resources of the reporting institutions. All returns from libraries of institutions of higher education were edited in the Office of Education for possible discrepancies, omissions, and misinterpretations, and inquiries were addressed to respondents when necessary. On the basis of the edited reports, summary tables and de- 8 U. S. Office of Education. Education Directory, 1951-52, Part 3: Higher Education. Washington U. S. Government Printing Office, 1951. 184 p. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 3 tailed tabulations were compiled and are presented in the following pages. Data on corresponding items from the survey of 1946-47 are included in the text wherever possible. This compilation of library statistics from institutions of higher educa¬ tion covers books and miscellaneous stock, book circulation, interlibrary transactions, reference work, hours of service, faculty and students, library personnel, library expenditures, instruction in the use of the library, and studies of library services. Many of the summary tabula¬ tions, by type of institution (tables 1-20), are comparable with those used in the final report on the library survey of 1946-47. New tables have been added, however, including statistics on items sufficiently reported to the Office of Education on a nationwide basis for the first time in 1951-52. Basic library data by States and regions are summarized in a separate tabulation (table 19). Library statistics are presented for in¬ dividual institutions serving a total enrollment of 5,000 or more students during the regular session of the year reported (table 20). In the text and the summary tables (tables 1-19), however, library data are included from all reporting institutions of higher education in the United States and its outlying parts, regardless of the size of enrollment, for the fiscal year ended in 1952. The classification of higher educational institutions by type, used throughout this report, conforms with that used by the Office of Educa¬ tion in its degree and enrollment studies, as follows: For purposes of this survey, institutions have been classified into seven types- The “university” category embraces institutions of complex organization in which several professional schools and colleges (not exclusively technical) are incorpo¬ rated within the framework of a given institution. Liberal arts colleges, as dif¬ ferentiated from universities, are those institutions in which the principal em¬ phasis is placed on a program of general undergraduate education. The “independent professional schools” category is composed of four types of institutions, which offer professional training but are not affiliated writh a uni¬ versity. Teachers colleges are institutions which are primarily devoted to the training of teachers. Technological schools are those institutions in which train¬ ing is predominantly in technical and physical science disciplines. Theological schools offer specialized programs in religion and theology. The miscellaneous "other” category of "independent professional schools” consists of those institu¬ tions which offer programs directed to a single field of specialization, such as law, music, art, etc. Junior colleges are primarily the non-degree-granting institutions, independent of university affiliation, which, in the main, offer the first 2 years of undergraduate study.4 In the distribution of library data by type of higher educational insti¬ tution, the established statistical practice of the Office of Education was followed. The statistics of libraries in certain universities, together with those of their branches on other campuses, were accounted for as a unit, 4 U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Fall Enrollment in Higher Educational Institutions, 1953. Circular No. 382. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1954, p. 9. 303651°— 54 - 2 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 although separate reports were received directly from the constituent libraries. For example, library statistics reported by the University of California for all its campuses were grouped with the universities. Simi¬ larly, library data from Teachers College, Columbia University, were included in the university group. The Joint University Libraries at Nashville, Tenn., consists of the libraries of George Peabody College for Teachers, Scarritt College, and Vanderbilt University, and their combined statistics were included with those of universities. In the use of the library statistics from reporting junior colleges, it should be noted that the data not infrequently included service to a high school, and occasionally to a 4-year college. COVERAGE AND RESPONSE The nationwide scope of this study is indicated by the number of institutions of higher education which submitted library reports for 1951-52 to the Office of Education. Of 1,832 such institutions in con¬ tinental United States, as reported in the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1950-52 , chapter 4, a total of 1,509, or 82.4 percent, submitted reports (table 1, columns 3 and 4). These returns exceeded slightly the coverage of 79.1 percent for continental United States in the corresponding survey of 1946-47. Library reports were received from six of the seven higher educational institutions in outlying parts of the United States. The 1,509 institutions of higher education in continental United States which sent library reports for 1951-52 to the Office of Education included 124, or 96.1 percent, of the universities; 189, or 92.2 percent, of the teachers colleges; 601, or 87.4 percent, of the liberal arts colleges; 41, or 80.4 per¬ cent, of the technological schools; 389, or 76.9 percent, of the junior colleges; 88, or 74.6 percent, of the theological schools; and 77, or 57.0 percent, of the "other” independent professional schools (table 1, columns 2-4). The nationwide coverage of this statistical survey of libraries in higher educational institutions is also evident from the number of students enrolled in, and faculty members employed by, the reporting institutions. Of 2,301,884 students enrolled in 1,832 higher educational institutions in continental United States, during the regular session (September 1951- June 1952), the 1,509 institutions which submitted library reports to the Office of Education included 2,102,858, or 91.4 percent (table 1, columns 5-11). Reporting universities enrolled 1,065,305 students, or 96.1 per¬ cent of the total university enrollment; teachers colleges, 180,757, or 95.2 percent; liberal arts colleges, 506,123, or 89.0 percent; technological schools, 92,888, or 88.8 percent; junior colleges, 195,992, or 84.8 percent; theological schools, 23,275, or 78.6 percent; and "other” independent professional schools, 38,518, or 55.9 percent. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 5 Of the 244,488 faculty members (officers, teachers, extension workers, etc.) employed by the above 1,832 institutions of higher education during the regular session of 1951-52, 222,646, or 91.1 percent, were employed by the 1,509 institutions which responded in the present library study (table 1, columns 12—14). Reporting teachers colleges employed 14,401 faculty members, or 96.7 percent of the total employed in all teachers colleges; universities, 127,607, or 93.6 percent; technological schools, 11,422, or 91.3 percent; liberal arts colleges, 44,392, or 89.4 percent; junior colleges, 14,356, or 83.6 percent; theological schools, 1,859, or 76.7 percent; and “other” independent professional schools reported 8,609 faculty members, or 75.2 percent, of the total number employed in such institutions. While 323, or 17.6 percent, of the institutions of higher education in continental United States did not reply to the Office of Education in its library statistical survey of 1951-52, they included only 212,026 students, or 9.21 percent of the total enrollment, and only 21,842 faculty members, or 8.93 percent, of the total faculty employed, in 1,832 institutions (table 1). In general, the schools and colleges that did not respond to the library questionnaire enrolled fewer than 500 students each, and were the smaller independent professional schools, otherwise known to have meager library resources. Many of the higher educational institutions did not report on all the items in the library report form. This was especially true of the small colleges and professional schools. Some institutions reported that they did not keep library records corresponding to some of the items in the questionnaire. For example, statistics of miscellaneous stock (i. e., uncataloged pamphlets, manuscripts, photos, pictures, prints, maps, slides, filmstrips, microfilms, motion pictures, and sound recordings) were often either incompletely reported or omitted despite the widespread and well-known use of these library materials. In this connection it should be borne in mind that motion pictures and sound recordings are in some institutions not administered in the library. Some institutions did not report statistics of circulation and reference use. Wherever statistics of student enrollment and faculty were reported inadequately by respondents, data elsewhere available in the Office of Education were used. BOOK STOCK The number of volumes added to libraries in institutions of higher education reflects their capacity to close existing gaps in holdings and to keep the collections abreast of current publications. The term " volume,” as defined in the questionnaire (Form 8—072, Rev. 1952), was identical with that used in the previous survey of 1946-47, namely, "any printed, typewritten, mimeographed, or processed work, bound or unbound. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 which has been cataloged or fully prepared for use.” Respondents were requested not to count as a volume a single issue of a periodical unless it was cataloged as a separate item. The above definition was formulated originally by a group of representative librarians in the American Library Association, who considered carefully the prevailing practices of library administrators. Although this definition of the term "volume” has been re-examined from time to time by some librarians, it remains the prevailing measure used by the library profession for the enumeration of library holdings. For the fiscal year ended in 1952, 1,485 higher educational institutions in continental United States reported to the Office of Education additions to their libraries totaling 4,927,000 volumes (table 2, columns 2 and 4). In 1946^-7, 1,311 institutions reported total additions of 3,602,000 volumes. Of the 4,927,000 volumes added to the libraries of reporting institutions of higher education in 1951-52, universities accounted for the largest number, 2,623,000, or 53.23 percent; liberal arts colleges, for 1,304,000, or 26.47 percent; teachers colleges, for 381,655 or 7.75 percent; junior colleges, for 250,009, or 5.07 percent; technological schools, for 182,973, or 3.71 percent; theological schools, for 128,588, or 2.61 percent; and "other” independent professional schools, for 57,114, or 1.16 percent (table 2, column 4). Libraries in institutions of higher education acquire books not only by purchase, but also through gifts and the exchange of publications with other libraries and institutions. When the 4,927,000 volumes added to these libraries in 1951-52 are analyzed as to method of acquisition, 2,373,000 volumes, or 48.2 percent, were added by purchase; 1,095,000 volumes, or 22.2 percent, were obtained by other means (including gifts and exchanges); and 1,460,000 volumes, or 29.6 percent, were undistrib¬ uted as to source by reporting institutions (table 2, columns 5-6). Of the 2,373,000 volumes added through purchase by libraries of reporting higher educational institutions in 1951-52, universities pur¬ chased the largest number, 967,904 volumes, or 40.79 percent; liberal arts colleges, 772,955 volumes, or 32.57 percent; teachers colleges, 286,503 volumes, or 12.08 percent; junior colleges, 166,499 volumes, or 7.02 percent; technological schools, 73,917 volumes, or 3.12 percent; theologi¬ cal schools, 68,944 volumes, or 2.91 percent; and "other” independent professional schools, 35,891 volumes, or 1.51 percent (table 2, column 5). Some variation appears among the different types of institutions of higher education in the proportion of library acquisitions by purchase in comparison with additions by other means during 1951-52. Institutions reported to the Office of Education 3,468,000 volumes added for which a distribution was shown by purchase and by other means, such as gifts and exchanges of publications. Of this total, teachers colleges added LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 7 345,826 volumes, of which 286,503 volumes, or 82.85 percent, were by purchase; junior colleges, 221,895 volumes, of which 166,499, or 75.04 percent, were purchased; "other” independent professional schools, 51,751 volumes, of which 35,891, or 69.35 percent, were bought; liberal arts colleges, 1,131,000 volumes, of which 772,955, or 68.32 percent, were obtained by purchase; universities, 1,473,000 volumes, of which 967,904, or 65.70 percent, were purchased; theological schools, 114,297 volumes, of which 68,944, or 60.32 percent, were bought; and technological schools added 129,296 volumes, of which 73,917 volumes, or 57.17 percent were by purchase (table 2, columns 5-6). In 1951-52, 1,485 institutions of higher education in continental United States reporting the number of volumes added to the libraries, enrolled a total of 2,088,000 undergraduate, special, and graduate students, and added 2.36 books per student (table 2, columns 3 and 7). In 1946-47, 1,311 higher educational institutions reporting additions to the libraries, enrolled a total of 1,903,000 undergraduate and graduate students, and added 1.89 books per student. When additions of books per student in 1951-52 are considered by type of institution, theological schools, with an enrollment of 22,689 students, added the largest number, or 5.67 books per student; liberal arts colleges, enrolling 498,570 students, 2.62; universities, enrolling 1,062,000 students, 2.47; teachers colleges, enrolling 180,135 students, 2.12; technological schools, enrolling 91,983 students, 1.99; "other” independent professional schools, enrolling 37,607 students, 1.52; and junior colleges, with an enroll¬ ment of 194,830 students, 1.28 (table 2, columns 3 and 7). If competence in the book selection is assumed, one indication of the current utility of the library in a school or college is the number of volumes added annually to the collection. Of the 1,485 institutions of higher education reporting this item in 1951-52, 654, or 44.04 percent, added fewer than 1,000 volumes; 650, or 43.77 percent, 1,000 to 4,999 volumes; 148, or 9.97 percent, 5,000 to 24,999 volumes; and 33, or 2.22 percent, acquired 25,000 volumes or more (table 3). Somewhat less than half of the reporting institutions added in 1951—52 fewer than 1,000 volumes (table 3, column 3). In this category were 320, or 83.77 percent, of the reporting junior colleges; 56, or 75.68 percent, of the "other” independent professional schools; 36, or 41.86 percent, of the theological schools; 182, or 30.69 percent, of the liberal arts colleges; 53, or 28.34 percent, of the teachers colleges; 7,. or 17.5 percent, of the reporting technological schools; but none of the universities (table 3, columns 2 and 3). In contrast with the meager acquisitions of books by many institutions of higher education in continental United States during 1951-52, were the relatively extensive additions to the libraries of others. Of the 123 universities reporting acquisitions to the Office of Education, 9 added 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 50,000 volumes or more (table 3, column 9). The group adding 25,000 to 49,999 volumes, included 1 of the 40 reporting technological schools, and 1 of the 593 liberal arts colleges (table 3, column 8). Only 1 of the 187 teachers colleges reported additions of 10,000 to 14,999 volumes (table 3, column 6). In the group adding 5,000 to 9,999 volumes, were 1 of the 86 theological schools, 2 of the 74 "other” independent profes¬ sional schools, and 2 of the 382 junior colleges (table 3, column 5). Although the number of volumes in a library is not an entirely adequate measure of its usefulness in an educational program, experience has shown that the larger the library collection, the more likely is its inclusion of significant books. The 1,509 institutions of higher education in continental United States reporting their library holdings at the end of the fiscal year 1952 owned 119,794,000 volumes (table 2, columns 8 and 10). Of these total holdings, 124 universities contained the largest number, 68,236,000 volumes, or 56.96 percent; 601 liberal arts colleges, 30,495,000 volumes, or 25.46 percent; 189 teachers colleges, 8,097,000 volumes, or 6.76 percent; 389 junior colleges, 4,292,000 volumes, or 3.58 percent; 41 technological schools, 3,694,000 volumes, or 3.08 percent; 88 theological schools, 3,691,000 volumes, or 3.08 percent; and 77 "other” independent pro¬ fessional schools, 1,289,000 volumes, or 1.08 percent. In 1951-52, the 1,509 reporting institutions of higher education in continental United States enrolled a total of 2,103,000 undergraduate, special, and graduate students and owned 57.0 hooks per student (table 2, columns 8 and 11). In 1946-47, 1,340 reporting higher educational institutions enrolled a total of 1,953,000 undergraduate and graduate students, and owned 48.3 books per student. When holdings of books per student in 1951-52 are considered by type of institution, reporting theological schools, with an enrollment of 23,275 students, owned the largest number, or 158.6 books per student; uni¬ versities, enrolling 1,065,000 students, 64.1; liberal arts colleges, enrolling 506,123 students, 60.3; teachers colleges, enrolling 180,757 students, 44.8; technological schools, enrolling 92,888 students, 39.8; "other” independent professional schools, enrolling 38,518 students, 33.5; and junior colleges, with an enrollment of 195,992 students, 21.9 (table 2, columns 9 and 11). According to the data reported to the Office of Education for 1951-52, 314, or 20.81 percent, of 1,509 institutions of higher education in conti¬ nental United States owned fewer than 10,000 volumes; 788, or 52.22 percent, 10,000-49,999 volumes; 294, or 19.48 percent, 50,000-199,999 volumes; 98, or 6.56 percent, 200,000-999,999 volumes; and 15, or 0.93 percent, 1,000,000 or more volumes (table 4). From the distribution table it may be seen that about one -fifth of the institutions of higher education in continental United States reported library holdings in 1951-52 of fewer than 10,000 volumes each (table 4, LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 9 column 3). These small libraries were to be found in 231, or 59.38 per¬ cent, of the reporting junior colleges; 40, or 51.95 percent, of the ""other” independent professional schools; 13, or 14.77 percent, of the theological schools; 3, or 7.32 percent, of the technological schools; 8, or 4.23 percent, of the teachers colleges; and 19, or 3.16 percent, of the reporting liberal arts colleges. In contrast with the small library holdings of many institutions of higher education in continental United States in 1951-52, were the relatively large libraries. Fifteen of 124 universities reported libraries of 1,000,000 volumes or more (table 4, column 10). Among the institutions with libraries of 200,000 to 499,999 volumes were 16 of 601 liberal arts colleges; 3 of 41 technological schools; 3 of 88 theological schools; 1 of 77 ""other” independent professional schools; and 1 of 189 teachers colleges (table 4, column 8). Only 1 of 389 junior colleges reported library holdings of 100,000 to 199,999 volumes (table 4, column 7). To be fully significant, the above data on library book holdings should be related to standards of adequacy formulated by educational and library authorities. Such standards are not currently available and are difficult to develop because of differences in institutional objectives and curriculums. The 15 universities in the United States which reported to the Office of Education, in 1951-52, library collections of over a million volumes were the following: Number of Name of institution volumes Name of institution Harvard University . . 5, 648, 794 Cornell University . Yale University . 3,124,607 University of Michigan . University of Illinois . 2, 570, 278 University of Pennsylvania. . . Columbia University . 1, 979, 503 Princeton University . University of Chicago . 1, 885, 602 Stanford University . University of California Northwestern University . (Berkeley) . 1, 812, 686 Duke University . University of Minnesota . 1,650,617 University of Texas . MISCELLANEOUS STOCK A considerable portion of modern library resources consists of miscel¬ laneous stock, such as (1) uncataloged pamphlets; (2) manuscripts; (3) photos, pictures, prints; (4) maps; (5) slides and filmstrips; (6) micro¬ films; (7) motion pictures; (8) sound recordings; and (9) other miscel¬ laneous stock. A total of 1,042 institutions of higher education in continental United States reported to the Office of Education library holdings, in 1951—52, of one or more types of these nonbook materials, although not all reported data on each type (table 5, column 2). Too little was reported on photos, pictures, prints, and maps to warrant tabulation. Number of volumes 1, 555, 614 1, 512, 382 1, 276, 337 1,211,999 1, 171, 695 1, 089, 295 1, 085, 166 1,011,123 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Some of the most useful reference material in a library consists of uncataloged pamphlets which are currently important but are not of sufficient lasting value to be added to the permanent hook collection. Any enumeration of the holdings of a college or university library, there¬ fore, should take into account this type of material. A total of 11,352,000 uncataloged pamphlets were reported to the Office of Education by insti¬ tutions of higher education for 1951-52 (table 5, column 3). Nearly one-half of this material was reported by universities, and a somewhat smaller proportion less than one -third was found in the libraries of liberal arts colleges. Libraries in institutions of higher education frequently receive as gifts or legacies the diaries, letters, and other personal papers of individuals in whom the college or university may be interested. This is especially true of the larger and older institutions which already have important collections of such material. These libraries endeavor to build up collec¬ tions of rare manuscripts or other primary sources, pertinent to specialized fields of instruction and research and to the geographical area served by the institution. A total of 23,503,000 manuscripts was reported to the Office of Education by higher educational institutions for 1951-52 (table 5, column 4). Nearly all of these were owned by libraries in universities. Among other types of institutions, theological schools appeared to have the largest library collections of manuscripts, with liberal arts colleges next. Among the media of communication with which college and university librarians are concerned, are slides and filmstrips. The importance of these visual materials in the higher educational program has encouraged : librarians to provide facilities for their storage and use. A total of 606,187 slides and filmstrips were reported to the Office of Education by institutions of higher education in 1951-52 (table 5, column 5). Over one -third of these were owned by university libraries, and nearly one- fourth were found in library collections of liberal arts colleges. The increasing use of microfilms in libraries of higher educational institutions for the economical preservation of valuable material has made their enumeration necessary as part of the overall resources for instruction and research. Furthermore, a growing number of disserta¬ tions and other reports of research are available only on microfilm. The increased manufacture of various types of microfilm readers appropriate for libraries attests to the widespread use of materials on microfilm. A total of 109,405 microfilm titles were reported to the Office of Education by higher educational institutions in 1951-52 (table 5, column 6). Over two-thirds of these were in libraries of universities. Institutions which recorded such library holdings by reels, instead of titles, reported a total of 67,103 microfilm reels (table 5, column 7). Nearly three-fourths of these microfilms were likewise in university libraries. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION H Many libraries in institutions of higher education have become reposi¬ tories for collections of motion pictures used in connection with instruc¬ tional programs. While some colleges and universities maintain separate departments for the acquisition, preservation, and use of motion pictures apart from the library, librarians frequently have been assigned these responsibilities. Library records of motion pictures enumerate them by number of either titles or reels. Certain institutions of higher education reported to the Office of Education motion -picture holdings in their libraries, in 1951-52, amounting to 20,842 titles; others reported 10,958 reels (table 5, columns 8-9). This type of material was found chiefly in the libraries of universities and liberal arts colleges. The widespread use of sound recordings in classroom instruction and in the community services of colleges and universities has caused libra¬ ries to make a place for the storage and use of such material. To obtain a general idea of the volume of sound recordings among the library holdings of higher educational institutions, respondents were asked to include in a single count, without distinction, all types of sound record¬ ings (excepting motion pictures), counting by bibliographical units. A total of 487,465 sound recordings in libraries were reported to the Office of Education by institutions of higher education in continental United States, in 1951-52 (table 5, column 10). Over one-half of these were in the libraries of liberal arts colleges; over one -fourth were in university libraries. Since music and speech departments frequently have labora¬ tory collections of sound recordings, the number reported as owned by libraries does not represent a nationwide summary of institutional holdings. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS Newspapers and periodicals are important to keep a library abreast of developments in the fields of instruction and research represented in an institution of higher education, and to provide students and faculty mem¬ bers with materials of general cultural interest. Following library prac¬ tice of long standing, the Office of Education questionnaire (Form 8-072, Rev. 1952) defined a periodical as "a publication appearing at regular intervals of less than a year and continuing for an indefinite period.” Since newspapers are not considered periodicals under the catalog code of the American Library Association,4 5 they were fisted separately in the report form. College and university libraries subscribe to a considerable number of newspapers and periodicals, but they also receive a large number either as gifts or in exchange for publications of the institution. The adequacy of current reference service in college and university libraries depends to a large extent upon the number of periodicals and 4 A. L. A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries. 2d edition. Chicago, American Library Association, 1949. p. 232. 303651° — 54 - 3 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 newspapers currently received, assuming their appropriateness to the needs of readers. There were 1,433 institutions of higher education in continental United States which reported to the Office of Education that their libraries re¬ ceived currently, in 1951-52, a total of 22,149 newspapers, excluding duplicates (table 6, columns 2-3). Of this total, 11,831 newspapers, or 53.42 percent, were received by subscription; 7,070, or 31.92 percent, were obtained by other means (including gifts and exchanges); and 3,248, or 14.66 percent, were undistributed as to source of receipt (table 6, columns 4-5). Of the 22,149 newspapers, excluding duplicates, received by reporting higher educational institutions, universities accounted for the largest number, 7,852, or 35.45 percent; liberal arts colleges, for 7,643, or 34.51 percent; junior colleges, for 2,877, or 12.99 percent; teachers colleges, for 2,565, or 11.58 percent; technological schools, for 533, or 2.41 percent; theological schools, for 350, or 1.58 percent; and "other” independent professional schools, for 329, or 1.48 percent (table 6, column 3). From the distribution table it may be seen that slightly under one-third of the institutions of higher education in continental United States re¬ ported the current receipt in 1951-52 of less than five newspapers (ex¬ cluding duplicates) (table 7, column 3). An analysis by type of institu¬ tion reveals that these small collections were found in 36, or 75 percent, of "other” independent professional schools reporting; 49, or 72.06 percent, of the theological schools; 199, or 52.09 percent, of the junior colleges; 12, or 31.58 percent, of the technological schools; 129, or 21.64 percent, of the liberal arts colleges; 36, or 19.46 percent, of the teachers colleges; and 7, or 6.03 percent, of the reporting universities (table 7, columns 2 and 3). According to the data reported for 1951-52, at least 468, or 32.66 percent, of 1,433 institutions of higher education in continental United States received currently less than five newspapers (excluding duplicates) ; 393, or 27.43 percent, received 5-9 newspapers; 353, or 24.63 percent, 10-19; 134, or 9.35 percent, 20-39; 35, or 2.44 percent, 40-59; 15, or 1.05 percent, 60-79; 9, or 0.63 percent, 80-99; and 26, or 1.81 percent, received currently 100 or more (table 7). Contrasting with the small library collections of current newspapers in many institutions of higher education were the relatively extensive holdings in a few colleges and universities. Among the institutions with library collections of 100 or more current newspapers, were 22 universities, 3 liberal arts colleges, and 1 teachers college (table 7, column 10). There were 1,490 institutions of higher education in continental United States which reported to the Office of Education that their libraries re¬ ceived currently, in 1951-52, a total of 759,214 periodicals, exclusive of newspapers and duplicates (table 6, columns 6 and 7). Of this total LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 13 426,452 periodicals, or 56.17 percent, were received by subscription; 168,169, or 22.15 percent, were obtained by other means (including gifts and exchanges); and 164,593, or 21.68 percent, were undistributed as to source of receipt (table 6, columns 8 and 9). Of the 759,214 periodicals, exclusive of newspapers and duplicates, received by reporting higher educational institutions, universities ac¬ counted for the largest number, 413,445, or 54.46 percent; liberal arts colleges, for 185,984, or 24.50 percent; teachers colleges, for 55,295, or 7.28 percent; junior colleges, for 42,326, or 5.58 percent; technological schools, for 29,257, or 3.85 percent; "other” independent professonal schools, for 18,534, or 2.44 percent; and theological schools, 14,373 periodicals, or 1.89 percent (table 6, columns 6 and 7). Among the measures of the up-to-dateness of college and university libraries is their statistical distribution by number of periodicals (ex¬ clusive of newspapers) currently received. Of the 1,490 higher educa¬ tional institutions reporting to the Office of Education these data for 1951-52, 342, or 22.95 percent, received fewer than 100 periodicals (excluding duplicates); 360, or 24.16 percent, 100-199; 304, or 20.40 percent, 200-299; 257, or 17.25 percent, 300-499; 104, or 6.98 percent; 500-999; 56, or 3.76 percent, 1,000-1,999; and 67, or 4.50 percent, re¬ ceived 2,000 periodicals or more (table 8). From the distribution table it may be seen that slightly less than one- fourth of the institutions of higher education in continental United States reported the current receipt, in 1951-52, of less than 100 periodi¬ cals (excluding duplicates) (table 8, column 3). These small collections were to be found in 231, or 59.54 percent, of the reporting junior colleges; 33, or 44.00 percent, of the "other” independent professional schools; 29, or 33.33 percent, of the theological schools; 35, or 5.86 percent, of the liberal arts colleges; 13, or 6. 95 percent, of the teachers colleges; and 1, or 2.56 percent, of the reporting technological schools. In contrast with these small library collections of current periodicals were the relatively extensive holdings in a few higher educational insti¬ tutions. Of the 1,490 reporting libraries, 67 received 2,000 or more peri¬ odicals (excluding duplicates) (table 8, column 10). Among the libraries currently receiving 2,000 or more periodicals, were those of 62 universi¬ ties, 3 technological schools, 1 "other” independent professional school, and 1 liberal arts college. Two theological school libraries reporting, and 1 junior college library received as many as 500-999 periodicals. BOOK CIRCULATION Library collections in institutions of higher education serve students, faculty members, and other qualified persons, and some measurement of their use is important both for administrative and for educational pur¬ poses. This use includes the consultation of library materials inside and 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 outside the library building. Consulting library books within the build¬ ing, where readers have direct and independent access to shelves, does not always lend itself to accurate enumeration. Loans of books over a counter, on the other hand, are readily accounted for. The circulation of books for home use and the loan of reserved books have commonly been recorded separately by higher educational institutions with sufficient comparability to warrant the inclusion of these statistics in a nationwide summary. Although national statistics of book circulation may have limited sig¬ nificance in a local library situation, nevertheless, they have been found useful in the development of professional standards and in the solution of administrative problems involving the work load of circulation per¬ sonnel. The importance of circulation statistics as one measure of library use is evident from the revised standards for libraries in institi- tutions of higher education, proposed in December 1953, by the Com¬ mission on Colleges and Universities of the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, which state that "careful records of the use of the library by faculty and students must be kept.” It will be noted that not all the 1,509 institutions of higher education reporting to the Office of Education in 1951-52, submitted data on book circulation. To facilitate comparison of the reports on circulation of library books, respondents were requested to submit data according to the following definition, reflecting common library practice and used in previous survey questionnaires : Number of volumes lent should include pamphlets and periodicals as well as books, counting one for each lending by the library. Renewal of a book under library rules should also be counted as a loan. Where a library found it necessary to depart from these rules, this fact was to be reported. If audio-visual aids were included in the statistics of volumes lent, this also was to be indicated on the report form. For the fiscal year 1951-52, 1,354 institutions of higher education in continental United States reported to the Office of Education a total circulation for home use of 33,495,000 volumes (table 9, columns 2 and 4). In 1946-47, 1,177 higher educational institutions reported a total circu¬ lation for home use of 27,197,000 volumes. When the circulation of books for home use in each type of institution is considered, universities accounted for the largest number of loans, 13,991,000 volumes, or 41.77 percent; liberal arts colleges, for 9,795,000, or 29.24 percent; teachers colleges, for 4,901,000, or 14.63 percent; junior colleges, for 2,649,000, or 7.91 percent; technological schools, for 983,724, or 2.94 percent; theological schools, for 637,964, or 1.90 percent; and "other” independent professional schools, 537,822 volumes, or 1.61 percent (table 9, column 4). LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 15 These 1,354 institutions of higher education reported a total enrollment in 1951-52 of 1,991,000 undergraduate, special, and graduate students, and circulated for home use 16.8 books per student (table 9, columns 3 and 5). In 1946-47, 1,177 higher educational institutions reporting a total enrollment of 1,818,000 students, circulated for home use 15.0 books per student. When the book circulation for home use in 1951-52 is considered by type of institution, theological schools, reporting a total enrollment of 19,937 students, circulated for home use the largest number, 32.0 books per student; teachers colleges, enrolling 175,914 students, 27.9; liberal arts colleges, enrolling 492,431 students, 19.9; "other” independent pro¬ fessional schools, enrolling 28,495 students, 18.9; junior colleges, enrolling 167,728 students, 15.8; universities, enrolling 1,018,000 students, 13.7; and technological schools, with an enrollment of 88,521 students, 11.1 books per student (table 9, columns 3 and 5). For many years, institutions of higher education have met heavy demands for limited resources by establishing collections of library books which are reserved for particular courses of instruction, and are restricted as to time and place of use. Such reserved books are commonly placed on closed shelves and their circulation is readily recorded. In 1951-52, 1,056 institutions of higher education in continental United States reported to the Office of Education a total circulation of 28,054,000 reserved books (table 9, columns 6 and 8). An analysis by type of insti¬ tution reveals that, of this total, universities accounted for the largest circulation, 15,836,000 volumes, or 56.45 percent; liberal arts colleges, for 7,150,000 volumes, or 25.49 percent; teachers colleges, for 2,971,000 volumes, or 10.59 percent; junior colleges for 962,201 volumes, or 3.43 percent; theological schools, for 539,227 volumes, or 1.92 percent; tech¬ nological schools, for 482,666 volumes, or 1.72 percent; and "other” independent professional schools, 112,471 volumes, or 0.40 percent. These 1,056 institutions of higher education reported a total enrollment in 1951-52 of 1,791,000 undergraduate, special, and graduate students and circulated 15.7 reserved books per student (table 9, columns 7-9). In 1946^17, 977 higher educational institutions, reporting a total enroll¬ ment of 1,658,000 students, circulated 18.7 reserved books per student. In 1951-52, reporting theological schools, with an enrollment of 16,888 students, circulated the largest number, 31.9 reserved books per student; teachers colleges, enrolling 147,310 students, 20.2; liberal arts colleges, enrolling 439,501 students, 16.3; universities, enrolling 993,199 students, 15.9; "other” independent professional schools, enrolling 14,064 students, 8.0; junior colleges, enrolling 111,399 students, 8.6; and technological schools, with an enrollment of 68,349 students, 7.1 reserved books per student (table 9, columns 7-9). 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 The above nationwide statistics of book loans indicate only partially the library circulation in higher educational institutions, since many books (aside from those on reserved shelves) are withdrawn for use within the building. In some instances, colleges and universities included in the statistics of book circulation the loans of audio-visual materials. The following limitations suggested by the Office of Education in its preceding statistical surveys of college and university libraries, remain applicable to the present study: Interpretation of circulation for home use and of reserved books must be made with extreme caution, because the figures are affected by such factors as method of instruction, type of subjects taught, lay-out of building, regulations for the use of books, and living arrangements for the students.6 Statistics of book circulation reported by libraries in institutions of higher education, moreover, do not necessarily indicate the full extent of book use by students and faculty. These readers frequently use public and private libraries whose resources are available to them. The above statistics on the circulation of reserved books point up the significance of this type of loan service, but they may be more meaningful when the average number of books on open and closed reserved shelves is known. In some college and university libraries certain books, currently used with specific courses, are placed together on open shelves to which students have direct access. Where such hooks are in heavy demand, however, libraries commonly place them on closed shelves from which they may be withdrawn by readers for limited loan periods on application to an attendant. The importance of the reserved book problem in college and university library administration has led the Office of Education to include in its questionnaire a request for data on the number of reserved books on open or closed shelves. Although 1,056 institutions of higher education in continental United States reported to the Office of Education circulation statistics for reserved books during the regular session of 1951-52, fewer reported on the number of reserved books on either open or closed shelves. To this item 593 institutions reported that their libraries had placed a total of 1,478,000 volumes on open reserved shelves during that session. On the other hand, 713 institutions reported during the regular session in that year a total of 1,291,000 volumes on closed reserved shelves. Not infrequently, libraries reporting circulation statistics for reserved books indicated that they kept no record of the number of such books either on open or closed shelves. As a rule, reporting institutions had either a closed- or an open-shelf policy in their libraries; few reported that they had both systems. It is apparent from the returns that many colleges and universities follow the traditional expedient of closed shelves in an attempt to provide equitable service with books in demand by 6 U. S. Office of Education. College and University Library Statistics, 1989-40. p. 9. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 17 students for course work. Nevertheless, increased costs of personnel needed to provide reserved book service from closed shelves, and a desire for educational reasons to make books directly accessible to readers, among other factors, have caused some institutions, in designing new library quarters, to increase their open-shelf facilities. Further data will be needed to ascertain trends in the circulation of reserved books from open and closed shelves in colleges and universities in the United States. INTERLIBRARY TRANSACTIONS Interlibrary transactions between institutions of higher education have been carried on for many years in the interest of broader scholarship and greater economy. In this way, the specialized library resources of one campus may be made available to research workers elsewhere, and unnecessary or expensive duplication of titles in library collections may be avoided. Where the lending of specific books is impracticable, photo¬ stats and microfilms provide a convenient and economical substitute. In a cooperative effort to promote the cause of scholarship as widely as possible, libraries in higher educational institutions have commonly been willing to lend to other libraries books that were available. In 1951- 52, 769 college and university libraries in continental United States reported to the office of Education that they had lent to other libraries a total of 161,761 volumes (table 10, columns 2-3). In 1946-47, 566 libraries of institutions of higher education reported loans of 101,866 volumes to other libraries. Among the reporting institutions which lent books to other libraries in 1951-52, universities lent the largest number, 124,403 volumes, or 76.91 percent; liberal arts colleges, 15,758 volumes, or 9.74 percent; technological schools, 12,065 volumes, or 7.46 percent; theological schools, 3,358 volumes, or 2.08 percent; teachers colleges, 3,318 volumes, or 2.05 percent; "other” independent professional schools, 1,704 volumes, or 1.05 percent; and junior colleges, 1,155 volumes, or 0.71 percent (table 10, columns 2-3). To supplement their own resources, college and university libraries also borrow books from other libraries. Among these were 1,097 libraries which reported to the Office of Education that they had borrowed from other libraries, in 1951-52, a total of 133,169 volumes (table 10, col¬ umns 4 — 5). In 1946-47, 924 libraries of higher educational institutions borrowed from other libraries 93,093 volumes. While the above statistics of interlibrary transactions show that, as a whole, more hooks were lent than were borrowed by college and university libraries, only a special study will show the extent to which school, public, and special libraries also were involved either as lenders or borrowers. When the 133,169 books borrowed by reporting institutions of higher education through interlibrary transactions are considered by type of institution, 120 universities obtained the largest number, 70,163 volumes. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 or 52.69 percent; 494 liberal arts colleges, 32,610 volumes, or 24.49 percent; 204 junior colleges, 9,306 volumes, or 6.99 percent; 37 technological schools, 8,200 volumes, or 6.16 percent; 147 teachers colleges, 7,560 volumes, or 5.67 percent; 36 "other” independent professional schools, 2,974 volumes, or 2.23 percent; and 59 theological schools, 2,356 volumes, or 1.77 percent (table 10, columns 4 and 5). Libraries in institutions of higher education, which contain rare or other material not practical for circulation outside the building, are frequently asked to furnish other libraries with copies of information on photostats or microfilms. Seventy -seven higher educational institutions in continental United States reported to the Office of Education that they had made for libraries, in 1951-52, 80,143 photostats (table 10, columns 6—7). Of this total, 34 universities made the largest number, 77,257 photostats. On the other hand, 152 higher educational institutions re¬ ported that they had obtained from libraries, in that year, 4,842 photo¬ stats. Of this number, over half, 2,696, were secured by 40 universities (table 10, columns 8-9). Many more microfilms than photostats were used in interlihrary transactions between institutions of higher education. Fifty-two such institutions in continental United States reported that they had made for libraries, in 1951-52, 227,685 microfilms (titles) (table 10, columns 10 and 11). Of this total, 35 universities made the largest number, 214,442 microfilms. On the other hand, 184 educational institutions reported that they had obtained from libraries, in that year, 10,372 microfilms. Of this number, 8,647, slightly over four-fifths, were secured by 50 univer¬ sities (table 10, columns 12-13). As in the case of hooks, so with statistics of photostats and microfilms in interlibrary transactions of colleges and universities, special study will be needed to ascertain the extent to which such service also involved school, public, and special libraries* REFERENCE SERVICE Reference service in libraries of institutions of higher education consists of assistance by the library staff to readers seeking information or guidance in the use of the library. It does not lend itself readily to statistical measurement, and many librarians have considered it impracticable to record such service. Because of the time-consuming character of reference work, however, some attempts have been made by the Office of Education over the years to ascertain its extent. Beginning in 1939-40, the Office included in its questionnaire (Form 8-072) items pertaining to the number of questions answered in libraries of higher educational institutions, and the number of bibliographies compiled by the library staff. Not until the present study, however, have there been enough replies to this query to justify their tabulation. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 19 Reference inquiries in college or university libraries generally fall into two categories, which for lack of more precise terminology have come to be called (a) general and (b) search questions. According to the question¬ naire, a "general question” is any query which requires the use of library material in answering, or which involves interpretation of the use of library materials, but which does not pertain to the location of specific books or other library holdings. A "search question,” on the other hand, is any query of an investigatory or research nature and is of greater com¬ plexity than a general question. Not all respondents indicated what criteria were used in determining a search question. Many used the time involved in answering such a question as a criterion, and this ranged from as little as 10 minutes to as much as 2 hours. A majority of the libraries in institutions of higher education in con¬ tinental United States, according to their returns to the Office of Educa¬ tion, either did not maintain, or did not report, statistics of reference service called for in the questionnaire. Many that did reply indicated that data reported were estimated, rather than based on records. A total of 2,884,000 reference questions answered in 1951-52, was reported by libraries in 654 institutions, many of which did not distinguish between general and search questions (table 11, columns 2-3). An analysis of the 2,884,000 reference questions answered in libraries of reporting higher educational institutions shows that libraries in 274 liberal arts colleges answered the largest number, 927,093, or 32.14 per¬ cent; 65 universities, 833,273, or 28.89 percent; 162 junior colleges, 480,991, or 16.68 percent; 70 teachers colleges, 313,212, or 10.86 percent; 20 technological schools, 128,444, or 4.45 percent; 32 theological schools, 121,471, or 4.21 percent; and 31 libraries in "other” independent pro¬ fessional schools, 79,940, or 2.77 percent (table 11, columns 2-3). A total of 2,152,000 general reference questions answered, in 1951-52, was reported by libraries in 605 institutions (table 11, columns 4-5). A much smaller total of 497,177 search questions answered was reported by libraries in 570 higher educational institutions (table 11, columns 6-~7)* The increase in the number of institutions of higher education reporting to the Office of Education the number of reference questions answered in the library would seem to show that there is an admitted need for some useful measurement of reference service. Further study of this problem is necessary before such data will have practical significance. Since all types of libraries are concerned, efforts in this direction may well be made by the library profession to identify elements in reference service which will lend themselves to enumeration and objective evaluation. Specialized familiarity with the tools and techniques of bibliography has led librarians of higher educational institutions to encourage the compilation of bibliographies and reading lists by members of the reference 303651* — 54 - 4 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 staff. In some institutions this service has assisted faculty committees, departments of instruction, and individual specialists on the research staff. In recent years on a broader scale, the compilation of extensive bibliographies and union lists of library holdings, used by scholars, has represented a type of cooperative enterprise to which many librarians in various institutions of higher education have contributed both time and skill. As stated in the questionnaire sent out by the Office of Education, bibliographies (including reading lists), worth enumerating, were those of sufficient value to he typed and preserved, or published. At least 495 higher educational institutions in continental United States reported that 8,803 bibliographies were compiled in their libraries in 1951-52 (table 11, columns 8 and 9). Of this total, the largest number, 3,183 bibliographies, or 36.16 percent, were compiled in libraries of 214 liberal arts colleges; 2,312, or 26.26 percent, in 113 junior colleges; 1,346, or 15.29 percent, in 47 universities; 1,193, or 13.55 percent, in 71 teachers colleges; 301, or 3.42 percent, in 20 "other” independent professional schools; 247, or 2.81 percent, in 15 technological schools; and 221 bibliographies, or 2.51 percent, were compiled in 15 theological schools (table 11, columns 8 and 9). INSTRUCTION IN THE USE OF THE LIBRARY Use of a college or university library as a practical and economical matter is of necessity largely on a self-service basis. Reference service is greatly facilitated and the library competence of those who use the library is considerably increased if some preliminary instruction is given to students. Experience has shown that the need for individual instruc¬ tion by a library staff, pressed to meet demands for library service, is lessened if students as a group are given formal instruction in the use of the library. A total of 1,355 institutions of higher education in continen¬ tal United States responded to this item in the questionnaire. These represent about 90 percent of the institutions reporting to the Office of Education in the present survey. Among the above institutions were 94 colleges that in 1951-52 offered instruction only in a separate library course, ranging in credit from no credit to six semester hours (table 18). At least 293 institutions reported that they gave library instruction only as part of other subject courses. There were 274 institutions that reported instruction in the use of the library only as part of a freshman orientation program. Among those higher educational institutions which placed some emphasis on formal instruction in the use of the library were 71, which not only offered a separate course in the subject, but also included the topic in other subject courses. There were 88 colleges that reported library instruction both as part of the freshman orientation program and as a separate course. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 21 There were 408 institutions of higher education that offered instruction in the use of the library not only as part of the freshman orientation program, but as part of subject courses as well. Finally, 127 institutions reported library instruction as part of the freshman orientation program, in a separate course, and as part of other subject courses. The widespread practice among colleges and universities in the United States of giving students various types of instruction in the use of the library would appear to warrant further detailed nationwide study as to its objectives, content, and effectiveness. NUMBER OF HOURS OPEN PER WEEK FOR CIRCULATION The usefulness of a library in an institution of higher education depends considerably upon the number of hours it is open for circulation. A total of 1,436 institutions in continental United States reported to the Office of Education that their central libraries were open for loan service, in 1951-52, on schedules ranging from less than 30 to more than 80 hours per week (table 12). A distribution of these libraries by number of weekly hours open shows that 108, or 7.52 percent, were open less than 40 hours; 546, or 38.02 percent, 40 to 59 hours; 630, or 43.87 percent, 60 to 79 hom*s; and 152, or 10.59 percent, 80 or more hours per week. A library open for 40 hours or less per week would probably offer little service beyond the schedule of daytime classes, and none on days when classes were not in session. A schedule of 80 or more hours open per week, on the other hand, permits a library to provide service during the entire day and evening, with some coverage on weekends. According to the distribution table, about 1 in every 14 institutions of higher education in continental United States reported that its central library was open for circulation, during 1951-52, less than 40 hours per week (table 12, columns 3 and 4). In this group were 67, or 18.26 percent, of the junior colleges reporting this item; 15, or 2.53 percent, of the liberal arts colleges; 12, or 20 percent, of the "other” independent professional schools; 8, or 4.60 percent, of the teachers colleges; and 6, or 7.50 percent, of the reporting theological schools. No technological schools reported that the library was open for circulation less than 40 hours per week; and no universities reported the central library open for less than 50 hours per week. In contrast with this limited service, 152 higher educational institutions reported that the central library was open for loan service 80 or more hours weekly (table 12, column 9). In this group were 53, or 43.44 percent, of the universities reporting this item; 69, or 11.64 percent, of the liberal arts colleges; 3, or 7.50 percent, of the technological schools; 4, or 6.67 percent, of the "other” independent professional schools; 5, or 6.25 percent, of the theological schools; 7, or 4.02 percent, ol the teachers colleges; and 11, or 3 percent, of the reporting junior colleges. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Local conditions of enrollment, instruction, residence, and financial support are factors which largely determine the number of daily and weekly hours, during which the central library of a higher educational institution may be open for the circulation of its materials. Experience has shown that the larger the student enrollment served, the longer the class schedule, and the less adequate the study facilities in student resi¬ dences, the greater is the number of hours that college and university libraries find it necessary to be open. According to the returns to the Office of Education for 1951-52, the central libraries of relatively few institutions of higher education were open for reading and study at hours when loan services were not also available. LIBRARY PERSONNEL The adequacy of library service depends not only upon the competence of the staff, but also upon the number of personnel and their distribution as to grade. Responsibility for effective library service in institutions of higher education rests primarily upon a staff of professionally trained and experienced librarians, adequate to provide effective planning and supervision. The part of the staff that carries out the technical details of ordering, preparing for the shelves, and circulating library materials, consists usually of full-time and part-time subprofessional, clerical, and other assistants. These persons are competent to master the basic routines of librarianship. The distinctions in library personnel between professional, subprofes¬ sional, and clerical workers called for by the Office of Education in its report form for library statistics of institutions of higher education have represented, since 1939-40, a classification recognized in general by the library profession (see p. 60). Some librarians, however, consider sub- professional and clerical employees in a single category of "nonprofes- sional” workers. There is a need for further clarification and under¬ standing of personnel terms used for reporting library statistics. Returns to the Office of Education show that, in 1951-52, a total of 13,341 persons (excluding janitorial staff and student assistants paid on an hourly basis) were employed to operate the libraries of 1,509 institu¬ tions of higher education in continental United States. Of this number, 11,210, or 84.03 percent, were full-time employees, and 2,131, or 15.97 percent were employed on a part-time basis (table 13, columns 2-4). In 1946-47, a total of 10,617 persons were thus employed in 1,340 reporting higher educational institutions, of whom 8,511, or 80.16 percent, were full¬ time, and 2,106, or 19.84 percent, were part-time workers. Of the 13,341 library workers in reporting institutions of higher educa¬ tion during 1951-52, the largest number, 7,367, or 55.22 percent, were employed in 124 universities; 3,099, or 23.23 percent, in 601 liberal arts colleges; 875, or 6.56 percent, in 389 junior colleges; 874, or 6.55 percent. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 23 in 189 teachers colleges; 501, or 3.75 percent, in 41 technological schools; 360, or 2.70 percent, in 88 theological schools; and 265, or 1.99 percent, in 77 "other” independent professional schools (table 13, columns 2-4). When the 13,341 employees (excluding janitorial staff and student as¬ sistants paid on an hourly basis) in libraries of higher educational insti¬ tutions are considered as to classification, 7,343, or 55.04 percent, were professional librarians; 1,785, or 13.38 percent, were subprofessional assist¬ ants; and 4,213, or 31.58 percent, were clerical or other library employees (table 13, columns 5-10). In 1946-47, of the 10,617 library employees in higher educational institutions, 5,963, or 56.2 percent, were professional librarians; 1,301, or 12.2 percent, were subprofessional assistants; 2,962, or 27.9 percent, were clerical or other employees; and 491, or 3.7 percent, were undistributed as to grade. The slight decline apparent in the percentage of professional librarians employed by higher educational institutions in 1951-52 as compared with 1946^17 may be due to a nationwide shortage of professional librarians during the last few years, or to the fact that their number was concealed in the undistributed group reported in the preceding study. The employ¬ ment, during 1951-52, of a larger proportion of subprofessional and clerical workers out of the total library staff than in 1946-47 may reflect the increased use, in many libraries, of mechanical devices which may be operated by nonprofessional employees. At least 6,625 of the total of 11,210 full-time library employees in institutions of higher education in 1951-52, were reported to the Office of Education as professional librarians. Of these 6,625 full-time professional librarians, the largest number, 3,349, or 50.55 percent, were employed in 124 reporting universities; 1,707, or 25.77 percent, in 601 liberal arts colleges; 626, or 9.45 percent, in 189 teachers colleges; 430, or 6.49 percent, in 389 junior colleges; 248, or 3.74 percent, in 41 technological schools; 137, or 2.07 percent, in 77 "other” independent professional schools; and 128, or 1.93 percent, in 88 reporting theological schools (table 13, columns 2-5). When the number of full-time professional librarians is considered in relation to the total full-time library staff, some differences appear, in 1951-52, among the various types of higher educational institutions in continental United States. Teachers colleges reported to the Office of Education the employment of the largest proportion of professional librarians on the full-time library staff, 626, or 80.15 percent; junior colleges, 430, or 72.51 percent; liberal arts colleges, 1,707, or 69.42 percent; theological schools, 128, or 67.02 percent; "other” independent profes¬ sional schools, 137, or 65.24 percent; technological schools, 248, or 53.68 percent; and universities, 3,349, or 51.41 percent (table 13, columns 3 and 5). Other things being equal, the smaller the library staff, the larger was likely to be the proportion of professional librarians. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 The size of the library staff in higher educational institutions depends upon such factors as the number and type of faculty and student person¬ nel, the number of branch libraries and service desks maintained, the program of instruction and research, the number of current acquisitions, and the organization of the library. Small libraries with three full-time staff members or less, as a rule, can give merely the barest type of library service in support of the curriculum, and the professional librarians com¬ monly perform many routine tasks to which only nonprofessional person¬ nel are assigned in larger libraries. On the other hand, libraries with staffs of 75 or more maintain extensive and up-to-date collections pertinent to the instructional and research program of the institution, and provide library services with a variety of printed and audio-visual materials on many subjects. To provide an overall view of the library personnel in higher educational institutions, a distribution is presented by size of full-time library staff (table 14), excluding the building maintenance staff and student assistants paid hourly wages. Of the 1,396 institutions of higher education in conti¬ nental United States, reporting to the Office of Education for 1951-52 full-time library staff data, 880, or 63.04 percent, employed 1 to 3 workers; 417, or 29.87 percent, from 4 to 20 employees; 78, or 5.59 percent, from 21 to 75 employees; and 21, or 1.50 percent, employed on the full-time library staff more than 75 workers. According to the distribution table, about one -third of the 1,396 institutions of higher education reporting on library personnel, employed in 1951-52 only one full-time worker (table 14, column 3). In this cate¬ gory were 209 junior colleges, or 48.60 percent; 133 liberal arts colleges, or 30.93 percent; 31 teachers colleges, or 7.21 percent; 31 theological schools, or 7.21 percent; 24 “other” independent professional schools, or 5.58 percent; and 2 technological schools, or 0.47 percent. No universi¬ ties reported the employment of fewer than 2 full-time library staff members. Few institutions of higher education reported the employment of rela¬ tively large full-time library staffs in 1951-52. In the group employing more than 100 library employees were 15, or 12.10 percent, of the report¬ ing universities (table 14, columns 10 and 11). Only one, or 2.44 percent, of the reporting technological schools employed 51 to 75 library workers (table 14, column 8). In the group employing 21 to 50 library workers were 10, or 1.71 percent, of the reporting liberal arts colleges; 1, or 0.31 percent, of the junior colleges; 1, or 0.53 percent, of the teachers colleges; and 1, or 1.56 percent, of the "other” independent professional schools (table 14, column 7). Of 71 reporting theological schools, 2 employed as many as 11 to 20 persons on the library staff (table 14, column 6). In relating the number of library personnel to the salary budget of many colleges under denominational control, it should be noted that LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 25 library services are frequently contributed by members of religious orders. The importance of part-time workers is evident from the fact that institutions of higher education have for many years relied heavily upon student assistants as a supplement to, or substitute for, the services of subprofessional and clerical employees in the operation of their libraries. In 1951-52, 1,172 higher educational institutions in continental United States reported to the Office of Education a total of 17,966 student assistants employed on an hourly basis for a total of 6,004,000 hours paid for from the library budget (table 13, columns 11-13). When these 17,966 student library assistants are considered by type of reporting institution, the largest number, 7,171, or 39.91 percent, were employed by liberal arts colleges for a total of 1,995,000 hours; 5,982, or 33.30 percent, by universities, for 2,936,000 hours; 2,420, or 13.47 per¬ cent, by teachers colleges, for 688,227 hours; 1,330, or 7.40 percent, by junior colleges, for 224,728 hours; 539, or 3 percent, by theological sem¬ inaries, for 9,072 hours; 389, or 2.17 percent, by technological schools, for 124,842 hours; and 135 students, or 0.75 percent, were employed in the libraries of "other” independent professional schools for a total of 26,385 hours (table 13, columns 12 and 13). From the above data on library personnel, it is apparent that institu¬ tions of higher education in the United States rely heavily upon part-time employees to carry on the work of their libraries. While these part-time workers include some professional librarians, they comprise more sub- professional assistants, clerical or other employees, and numerous student assistants. The full-time equivalent of these part-time workers, added to the number of full-time employees, would give a more accurate nation¬ wide presentation of the manpower utilized in the libraries of higher educational institutions. LIBRARY EMPLOYEES WITH FACULTY STATUS A major concern of librarians employed by institutions of higher education has, for many years, been their "faculty status.” This has commonly meant equal treatment with the teaching faculty in matters of salary, sick leave, vacation, sabbatical leave, retirement and annuity benefits, tenure, voting, and social privileges. With advanced academic training comparable to that of professional educators, and a close asso¬ ciation with the educational program, members of the college or university library staff have felt entitled to, and, in many cases, have been accorded appropriate faculty standing. While there is some variation among colleges and universities in the elements of faculty status for librarians, it has generally been interpreted to include privileges enjoyed hv other officers of administration or instruction. A total of 946 higher educational institutions in continental United States reported to the Office of Education that 3,703 members of the 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 library staff had faculty status in 1951-52 (table 15, columns 2 and 3). Of this number, 3,208, or 86.63 percent, were professional librarians; 234, or 6.32 percent, were subprofessional library assistants; and 261, or 7.05 percent, were administrative, clerical and other assistants. When the 3,208 professional library staff members reported as having faculty status in 1951-52, are considered by type of institution, the largest number, 1,302, or 40.59 percent, were in 93 universities; 1,039, or 32.39 percent, in 408 liberal arts colleges; 368, or 11.47 percent, in 117 teachers colleges; 307, or 9.57 percent, in 225 junior colleges; 102, or 3.18 percent, in 29 technological schools; 63, or 1.96 percent, in 50 theological schools; and 27, or 0.84 percent, were reported by 24 "other” independent profes¬ sional schools (table 15, columns 2-4). Of the 495 subprofessional, clerical, and other library employees re¬ ported with faculty status, in 1951-52, 374, or 75.56 percent, were em¬ ployed in universities, and 61, or 12.32 percent, were in liberal arts colleges; the remaining 60, or 12.12 percent, were scattered among the other types of higher educational institutions (table 15, columns 5 and 6). LIBRARY EXPENDITURES The amount of money required for library services in institutions of higher education is of much concern to executives and governing boards. Increased enrollments, expanding curriculums, an ever-growing body of essential library materials, and the need for new equipment have made pressing demands upon staff, building facilities, and budget. During the fiscal year 1951-52, the total library operating expenditures (excluding capital outlay), reported to the Office of Education by 1,482 institutions of higher education in continental United States, amounted to $61,327,000 (table 16, columns 2 and 4). These expenditures were for salaries of the library staff and for student service; for library materials, such as books, periodicals, binding, and audio-visual aids; and for other purposes (excluding building maintenance). In 1946-47, 1,279 higher educational institutions reported total library operating expenditures of $34,622,000. The above figures show that there was an increase of $26,705,000, or 77.14 percent, in the amount reported to the Office of Education for library operation in institutions of higher education during 1951-52, over that reported for 1946-47. This difference reflects, to a large extent, increased library salary and wage rates, as well as a substantial rise in the market prices of books, periodicals, and other library materials over a 5-year period. While there were 203 more respondents to this item in the questionnaire in 1951-52, than in 1946-47, an examination of their reports indicates that these institutions, as a whole, did not have large library operating budgets. The increase in library operating expenditures reported for 1951-52 indicates a significant effort on the part of college LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 27 and university authorities, in continental United States, to keep the libraries in line with institutional needs and current costs. In 1951-52, the 1,482 institutions of higher education, reporting library operating expenditures to the Office of Education, enrolled a total of 2,098,000 students, and averaged $29.23 per student (table 16, columns 3 and 12). In 1946-47, the 1,279 higher educational institutions report¬ ing library operating expenditures enrolled 1,916,000 students, and spent $18.07 per student. When library operations per student, in 1951-52, are considered by type of institution, reporting theological schools, with an enrollment of 22,812 students, spent the largest amount, $39.59; universities, enrolling 1,065,000, $33.73; teachers colleges, with 180,516 students, $27.19; liberal arts colleges, enrolling 504,486 students, $26.36; "other” inde¬ pendent professional schools, with 37,328 students, $25.32; technological schools, enrolling 92,888 students, $25.23; and junior colleges, with an enrollment of 194,466 students, $15.41. In 1951-52, the total library operating expenditures of $61,327,000, reported to the Office of Education by institutions of higher education, were distributed as follows: $33,785,000, or 55.09 percent, for librarv staff salaries; $5,274,000, or 8.60 percent, for wages for student service; $13,651,000, or 22.26 percent, for books; $3,240,000, or 5.28 percent, for periodicals; $2,367,000, or 3.86 percent, for binding; $250,108, or 0.41 percent, for audio-visual materials; $2,728,000, or 4.45 percent, for other operating expenditures (excluding building maintenance); and the sum of $32,790, or 0.05 percent, was undistributed (table 16). The amount reported as spent for books not infrequently included expenditures for periodicals or audio-visual materials, and, occasionally, for binding. From the above distribution, it is evident that the total amount spent for salaries and wages, $39,059,000, comprised the largest portion, 63.69 percent, of the total library operating expenditures reported by higher educational institutions for 1951-52 (table 16, columns 4-6). This remains true, when the amount spent for salaries and wages is considered by type of institution. Junior colleges reported $2,052,000, or 68.48 per¬ cent of their total library operating budget, spent for salaries and wages; teachers colleges, $3,359,000, or 68.43 percent; "other” independent pro¬ fessional schools, $625,878, or 66.23 percent; theological schools, $575,818, or 63.75 percent; universities, $22,866,000, or 63.63 percent; technological schools, $1,481,000, or 63.18 percent; and liberal arts colleges reported $8,100,000, or 60.92 percent of their total library operating budget, spent for salaries and wages. Junior colleges frequently reported that their library operating budgets were combined with those of the local high schools. Since the adequacy of library service depends, to a large extent, upon the size of the annual budget, it may be significant to note the corre- 303651°— 54 - 5 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 sponding distribution of the 1,482 higher educational institutions that reported library operating expenditures for 1951-52 (table 17). Accord¬ ing to this tabulation, 315 institutions, or 21.26 percent, spent less than $5,000; 748, or 50.47 percent, from $5,000 to $24,999; 198, or 13.36 per¬ cent, from $25,000 to $49,999; 109, or 7.35 percent, from $50,000 to $99,999; and 112, or 7.56 percent, spent $100,000 or more for library operation. A college library, whose total annual operating budget is less than $5,000, is able to purchase only a fraction of the current publications pertinent to a program of general education. Furthermore, such a li¬ brary can hardly employ a staff sufficient in number to purchase, catalog, and make readily available these materials, unless personal services are contributed to the library, as may be the case when members of religious orders are involved. In contrast to so meager an establishment is the large university library with an annual operating budget of $300,000 or over. Under this type of support, a library is able to keep its book col¬ lection up to date, provide extensive audio-visual materials, and employ a staff competent to offer library service appropriate to an extensive program of instruction and research. The libraries in a majority of higher educational institutions in con¬ tinental United States fall within the $5,000 to $24,999 bracket of finan¬ cial support. The institutions vary widely in their objectives and need for library services. Without a detailed study of each institution it would be unwise to state just how adequately these libraries are fulfilling their functions in the educational program. At the lower end of the distribution table, there were 151, or slightly over 10 percent, of the reporting institutions of higher education that spent for library operations, in 1951-52, less than $3,000 (table 17, col¬ umn 3). In this group were 20, or 23.26 percent, of the reporting theo¬ logical schools; 79, or 20.90 percent, of the junior colleges; 11, or 15.49 percent, of the "other” independent professional schools; 31, or 5.22 per¬ cent, of the liberal arts colleges; 9, or 4.79 percent, of the teachers col¬ leges; and 1, or 2.44 percent, of the reporting technological schools. No universities reported to the Office of Education library operating expen¬ ditures of less than $10,000 for the fiscal year 1951-52. In the upper brackets of the distribution table were 68, or 4.59 percent, of the reporting institutions of higher education whose library operating budgets, during the fiscal year 1951-52, were in the highest group reported for each type of institution (table 17, columns 8-10). Thirty -five, or 28.23 percent of the reporting universities, spent as much as $300,000 or more in that year for this purpose, and no other type of institution re¬ ported as much (table 17, column 10). Nine, or 21.95 percent, of the reporting technological schools spent for library operations as much as $100,000 to $299,999, as did also 12, or 2.02 percent, of the liberal arts LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 29 colleges; 3, or 1.60 percent, of the teachers colleges; and 1, or 1.41 per¬ cent, of the "other” independent professional schools (table 17. column 9). Two, or 2.32 percent, of the reporting theological schools, and 6, or 1.59 percent, of the junior colleges spent for library operations as much as $50,000 to $99,999 (table 17, column 8). Some idea of the total annual expenditure required to operate the library system of a large university may be gained from the following list of higher educational institutions, which reported to the Office of Educa¬ tion that they had spent for this purpose, in 1951-52. a half million dollars or more: Total Total library library operating operating Name of institution expenditures Name of institution expenditures University of California, Cornell University . 3715, 833 Berkeley campus . SI, 733, 158 University of Chicago . 715, 434 Harvard University . 1, 615, 210 Indiana University . 636, 821 University of Illinois . 1, 319, 393 Ohio State Universitv . 627, 366 University of California, Los University of Pennsylvania . . 607, 253 Angeles campus . 1,141,518 University of Wisconsin.... 606, 879 Columbia University . 1, 101, 968 Stanford University . 585. 596 University of Michigan . 932, 497 Northwestern University. . . . 532, 550 University of Minnesota .... 867, 657 University of Washington . . . 511,672 Yale University . 730, 353 The importance attached by college and university authorities to library service in relation to the educational program is reflected in the ratio of total library operating expenditures to total institutional expendi¬ tures for educational and general purposes. Educational and general ex¬ penditures, as interpreted by the Office of Education, include outlays for administration, resident instruction, organized research, extension services, libraries, physical plant operation and maintenance, and or¬ ganized activities related to instructional departments. There were 1,404 institutions of higher education in continental LTnited States that reported to the Office of Education for the fiscal year 1951-52 both their expenditures for library operations and for educational and general purposes. These institutions reported total library operating expenditures of $58,657,000, which represented 3.27 percent of a total of $1,794,111,000 reported by these same institutions as spent for educational and general purposes. Of these 1,404 reporting institutions, 520 were publicly controlled, and spent for library operations a total of $30,458,000, or 3.17 percent, of their total educational and general expenditures, $960,720,000. The 884 reporting institutions under private control spent for library operations a total of $28,199,000, or 3.38 percent, of their total educational and general expenditures, $833,391,000. When the total library operating expenditures during 1951-52 are considered in relation to the total educational and general expenditures 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 of the 1,404 reporting institutions, grouped by type, 81 theological schools spent $883,786, or 6.96 percent, of their total educational and general expenditures; 176 teachers colleges, $4,518,000, or 4.39 percent; 582 liberal arts colleges, $13,069,000, or 3.93 percent; 345 junior colleges, $2,487,000, or 3.44 percent; 123 universities, $34,791,000, or 3.16 percent; 40 technological schools, $2,315,000, or 1.68 percent; and 57 ”other” inde¬ pendent professional schools spent for library operations $593,361, or 1.67 percent, of their total educational and general expenditures. Some institutions of higher education have endowment, trust, or invested funds earmarked or reserved for library purposes (excluding building funds). For the fiscal year 1951-52, there were 231 colleges and universities that reported to the Office of Education a total of $44,311,000 in vested funds designated for library purposes. In that year, 105 higher educational institutions reported total additions to their library endow¬ ments of $1,602,000. In some cases, however, institutions, which re¬ ported elsewhere the possession of endowments reserved for library purposes, did not so report in the present study. The total figures on library endowments, therefore, as reported to the Office in its survey of 1951-52, can hardly be regarded as a true nationwide summary. Many institutions of higher education in recent years have spent con¬ siderable sums in capital outlay for new buildings and sites, additions to older buildings, and modern equipment to house and service vastly increased holdings of library materials. This is evident from the total capital outlay for library purposes of $14,130,000, reported to the Office of Education for 1951-52 by 282 institutions (table 16, column 13). In 1946-47, 259 higher educational institutions reported a total capital outlay of $3,325,000. In any comparison of the above figures on capital outlay, it should be borne in mind that college and university programs for the expansion of library facilities were scarcely underway at the outset of the post-war period. During the fiscal year 1952, higher educational institutions completed extensive library building and equipment projects, but were faced, after July 1951, with a serious nationwide shortage of building materials and library equipment due to the Korean crisis of 1950. This situation resulted in restrictions which curtailed college and university library construction for the ensuing 2 -year period. Of the total capital outlay of $14,130,000 reported as spent by higher educational institutions in 1951-52, liberal arts colleges expended the largest amount, $7,496,000, or 53.05 percent; teachers colleges, $3,783,000, or 26.77 percent; universities, $1,152,000, or 8.15 percent; junior colleges, $1,124,000, or 7.96 percent; “other” independent professional schools, $293,593, or 2.08 percent; theological schools, $264,288, or 1.87 percent; and technological schools, $16,972, or 0.12 percent (table 16, column 13). Since building funds may be carried in other institutional accounts, the LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 31 total capital outlay reported above may not represent a nationwide summary of such library expenditures for the fiscal year 1951-52. STATISTICS OF LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, BY REGION AND BY STATE, 1951-52 To facilitate an analysis of the library situation in institutions of higher education in various parts of the United States, in 1951-52, a summary table of the statistics in the preceding pages has been compiled, in which the data are arranged by State and region (table 19). The grouping by State and region follows that of the United States Bureau of the Census. Data on the resources, use, personnel, and financial support of libraries in higher educational institutions are summarized for each State, each of the four regions (Northeast, North Central, South, and West), for continental United States, and for its outlying parts. Of the 4,927,000 volumes added, during 1951-52, to libraries in reporting institutions of higher education in continental United States, 1,290,000 volumes, or 26.18 percent, were acquired by institutions located in the 9 States of the Northeast; 1,429,000, or 29.01 percent, in the 12 States of the North Central region; 1,364,000, or 27.68 percent, in the 16 States and District of Columbia in the South; and 843,956 volumes, or 17.13 percent, in the 11 States in the West (table 19, column 2). A distribution of 119,794,000 volumes reported in libraries of institutions of higher education in continental United States at the end of the fiscal year 1951-52, shows that 39,299,000, or 32.80 percent, were in the North¬ east; 37,181,000, or 31.04 percent, were in the North Central region; 27,563,000, or 23.01 percent, were in the South; and 15,751,000 volumes, or 13.15 percent, were owned by libraries in higher educational institutions in the West (table 19, column 3). When the reported circulation of 33,495,000 volumes for home use, from libraries in institutions of higher education in continental United States, during 1951-52, is considered by region, 8,278,000 volumes, or 24.71 percent, were lent in the Northeast; 10,005,000, or 29.87 percent, in the North Central region; 9,500,000, or 28.37 percent in the South; and 5,712,000 volumes, or 17.05 percent, were circulated for home use by libraries in higher educational institutions in the West (table 19, column 4). Of the 28,054,000 reserved books reported to the Office of Education as circulated by libraries in institutions of higher education in continental United States, during 1951-52, 7,057,000 volumes, or 25.16 percent, were lent in the Northeast; 9,740,000, or 34.72 percent, in the North Central region; 6,725,000, or 23.97 percent, in the South; and 4,531,000 reserved books, or 16.15 percent, were circulated by libraries in higher educational institutions in the West (table 19, column 5). A distribution of the 13,341 full-time and part-time employees (exclud¬ ing student assistants paid on an hourly basis) reported to the Office of 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Education by libraries in institutions of higher education in continental United States, in 1951-52, shows that 4,235 library workers, or 31.74 percent, were employed in the Northeast; 3,720, or 27.88 percent, in the North Central region; 3,296, or 24.71 percent, in the South; and 2,090 persons, or 15.67 percent, were employed in libraries of higher educational institutions in the West (table 19, columns 8-9). Of the total library operating expenditures of $61,327,000, reported to the Office of Education for the fiscal year 1951-52, by institutions of higher education in continental United States, the sum of $16,708,000, or 27.24 percent, was spent in the Northeast; $18,354,000, or 29.93 percent, in the North Central region; $15,294,000, or 24.94 percent, in the South; and the sum of $10,972,000, or 17.89 percent, was spent for library operations by higher educational institutions in the West (table 19, column 10). Capital outlay for new library buildings, sites, additions, and technical equipment, as reported to the Office of Education by institutions of higher education, for the fiscal year 1951-52, amounted to $14,130,000. Of this total, the sum of $3,370,000, or 23.85 percent, was spent in the Northeast; $4,908,000, or 34.73 percent, in the North Central region; $4,178,000, or 29.57 percent, in the South; and the sum of $1,674,000, or 11.85 percent, was spent as capital outlay by higher educational institutions in the West (table 19, column 18). LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN OUTLYING PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES Library statistical reports for 1951-52 were received by the Office of Education from 6 of 7 institutions of higher education located in outlying parts of the United States. Total library data are presented separately for the Territory of Alaska, Canal Zone, Territory of Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. In the Territory of Alaska, the University of Alaska reported a total enrollment of 311 students, in 1951-52. It added to its library collec¬ tion 2,472 volumes, or 7.95 per student, and owned at the end of the fiscal year 32,247 volumes, or 103.69 per student. Circulation of library books for home use amounted to 5,030 volumes, or 16.17 per student; that of reserved books totaled 1,232 volumes, or 3.96 per student. The univer¬ sity employed three library workers (one full-time and two part-time), of whom one was a professional librarian. Total library expenditures, during the fiscal year 1952, as reported to the Office of Education, amounted to $29,414, or $94.58 per student. Of this total, $11,953, or 40.64 percent, were spent for library salaries and wages (table 19). In the Canal Zone, the Canal Zone Junior College library reported to the Office of Education an enrollment of 107 students for 1951-52. It LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 33 acquired 640 volumes, or 5.98 per student, bringing its library collection to 12,504 volumes, or 116.86 per student, by the end of the fiscal year. Circulation of books for home use amounted to 12,504 volumes, or 116.86 per student. The college employed two full-time librarians, one of whom was a professional librarian. A total of $12,600, or $117.76 per student, was used to operate the library, during the fiscal year 1952. Of this total, $10,000, or 79.37 percent, were used for library salaries and wages (table 19). In the Territory of Hawaii, the University of Hawaii reported to the Office of Education a total enrollment of 5,099 students, in 1951-52. It added to its library 9,590 volumes, or 1.88 per student, and owned at the end of the fiscal year 227,861 volumes, or 44.69 per student. Book circulation for home use totaled 224,573 volumes, or 44.04 per student; loans of reserved books came to 84,014 volumes, or 16.48 per student. The university employed 33 full-time library workers, of whom 17 were professional librarians. It spent for library operations during the fiscal year 1952 a total of $172,721, or $33.87 per student. Of this total, $116,162, or 67.25 percent, were spent for library salaries and wages (table 19). Three of the four institutions of higher education in Puerto Rico sent in library reports to the Office of Education for 1951-52, namely. College of the Sacred Heart, Polytechnic Institute of Puerto Rico, and University of Puerto Rico. These institutions enrolled in that year a total of 12,209 students, and added to their libraries 12,221 volumes, or 1 per student, bringing their total library holdings to 210,147 volumes, or 17.21 per student, by the end of the fiscal year. Library circulation for home use amounted to 82,816 volumes, or 6.78 per student; that of reserved books totaled 205,894 volumes, or 16.86 per student. The reporting institutions employed a total of 44 library workers (37 full-time, and 7 part-time), of whom 24 were professional librarians. Total library operating expendi¬ tures, during the fiscal year 1952, as reported by institutions of higher education in Puerto Rico, amounted to $162,969, or $13.35 per student. Of this total, $112,451, or 69 percent, were used for library salaries and wages (table 19). BASIC STATISTICS OF LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION SERVING ENROLLMENTS OF 5,000 STUDENTS OR MORE, 1951-52 Basic library statistics on book stock, book circulation, hours open, student enrollment, library staff, and library expenditures are presented for 95 reporting institutions of higher education with enrollments of 5,000 students or more during the regular session, 1951-52 (table 20). Prelim- 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 inary data for libraries in this group were issued by the Office of Education as a circular as soon as they were available.7 SUMMARY OF LIBRARY STATISTICS IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN 1939-40, 1946-47, AND 1951-52 For convenience of reference, summary statistics of libraries in in¬ stitutions of higher education in continental United States, based on reports to the Office of Education for 1939-40, 1946-47, and 1951-52, are presented below: Item 1939-40 1946-47 1951-52 1 2 3 4 Total number of institutions of higher education in continental United States _ - _ _ _ _ _ 1,686 1,314 1,695 1,832 1, 509 82.4 Number of institutions submitting report . . - - _ 1,340 79.1 Percentage of institutions reporting _ _ 77.9 Total number of volumes added during year 3, 194, 578 2.63 3, 602, 198 1.89 4, 927, 462 2.36 Number of volumes added duriner year per student _ _ - Total number of volumes at end of year 71, 666, 801 59.8 94, 300, 665 48.3 119, 794, 340 57.0 Number of volumes at end of year per student-. _ Total number of volumes circulated for home use 26, 441, 007 21.7 27, 197, 348 15.0 33,495,095 16.8 Number of volumes circulated for home use per student _ Total number of reserved books circulated _ _ _ 36, 591, 088 30.1 30, 968, 772 18.7 28, 053, 803 15.7 Number of reserved books circulated per student . . .. Total library operating expenditures (excluding capital out¬ lay) -- -- _ - _ - _ _ $17, 976, 231 $15. 31 $34,621,588 $18.07 $61,327, 420 $29.23 Library operating expenditures per student _ . Total capital outlay - _ _ _ _ $4, 270, 470 1 6, 760 (2) $3,324,786 10,617 15, 290 $14, 129, 857 13, 341 17, 966 Total number of library employees (excluding student assist¬ ants) _ _ Total number of student library assistants _ 1 Total number of full-time employees, plus full-time equivalent of part-time workers. 2 Not reported. The summary statistics above represent basic data for libraries in institutions of higher education, collected by the Office of Education in the immediate prewar, postwar, and midcentury periods. The number of higher educational institutions in continental United States reporting in 1951-52 represented an increase of 8.66 percent over the number of respondents in 1939-40. Increased student enrollments since 1939-40 probably resulted in lower figures per student in 1951-52 for the number of volumes added during the year and owned by libraries at the end of the year, and for the circulation of books for home and reserved use. The sharp decline in the number of reserved books circulated per student in 1951-52 in comparison with that 12 years earlier may be due in part to the adoption of open-shelf policies in many colleges and universities which permit students direct access to books. Expenditures for libraries in reporting higher educational institutions in continental United States during the fiscal year 1951-52 showed a 7 U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Library Statistics of Colleges and Universities with Enrollments of 5,000 Students or More. Circular No. 370, March 1953. LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 35 decided increase over those in 1939-40. Both the total library operating expenditures and the capital outlay for library purposes in 1951-52 were more than three times those 12 years earlier. While due allowance must be made for a decline in the purchasing power of the dollar between 1939-40 and 1951-52, nevertheless, it would appear that the libraries in institutions of higher education as a whole in continental United States have received substantial and increased support by executives and govern¬ ing bodies in an effort to keep them abreast of institutional expansion. UNPUBLISHED LIBRARY DATA FROM INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1951-52 The Office of Education has on file 1,515 library statistical reports (Form 8-072, Rev. 1952) for the fiscal year 1952, received from institutions of higher education in the United States and its outlying parts. Statistics covering the most completely reported items in the question¬ naire have been included in the present report. Available for further study are unpublished data on other items, less fully reported, such as: books and miscellaneous stock withdrawn from library records; circulation of books specifically to students, to faculty, or to others; library hours open per week for reading and study; and personnel classified by type of position. On file, also, is information reported in the questionnaire by institutions which maintained libraries not administered by the university librarian. The statistical reports received in this nationwide survey may be consulted at the Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D. C. STUDIES OF LIBRARY SERVICES In the interest of greater efficiency and economy, the staffs of some college and university libraries have felt justified in devoting time and effort to special studies of various library services, such as procedures and costs of acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials. These studies must usually be carried on along with the regular duties of the library staff, the results are frequently unpublished, but may be made available to college authorities and to students of library administration. The Office of Education endeavored in its survey of 1951-52, to ascertain the extent to which college and university libraries were engaged in activi¬ ties of this type. To this inquiry only 133 institutions of higher education reported that they had completed studies of library services in 1951-52. Of this num¬ ber, 60, or 45.11 percent, were liberal arts colleges; 23, or 17.30 percent, were teachers colleges; 18, or 13.53 percent, were junior colleges; 15, or 11.28 percent, were universities; 8, or 6.02 percent, were independent technical schools; 7, or 5.26 percent, were independent theological schools; and 2, or 1.50 percent, were "other” independent professional schools. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Of the 133 higher educational institutions reporting the completion of unpublished studies of library services, 55, or 41.35 percent, indicated that these were made in their libraries in connection with surveys, fre¬ quently carried on for accrediting agencies. At least 34 institutions, or 25.56 percent, had completed studies of various aspects of library usage, such as audio-visual materials, classes of borrowers, frequency of use, periodicals, recent accessions, reserved books, and use of other libraries. Twenty -four institutions, or 18.05 percent, had studied during the year the cost and operation of various technical processes connected with the selection, acquisition, and cataloging of library materials. Sixteen institutions, or 12.03 percent, had made studies of library holdings, chiefly as to their subject distribution and duplication. Four institutions, or 3.01 percent, had made studies of library buildings preparatory to enlarging their library facilities. Less than 10 percent of the 1,509 institutions of higher education, which sent in library reports to the Office of Education for the fiscal year 1951-52, indicated that staff studies of library services had been completed during that period. Limited staff, time, and budget undoubtedly are among the factors preventing such library studies in other institutions. It would appear that college and university librarians, as a whole, were relying upon other means to achieve efficiency and economy of adminis¬ tration. Table 1. — Number and distribution of institutions of higher education , student enrollment (regular session), and faculty (regular session), by type of institution: 1 95 1-52 LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 37 Faculty (regular session) * Total in institutions submitting report Percent 8 01.1 co Is* co i''* co MO) CO co *o CO 05 OO 05 05 OO 97.0 100.0 100.0 34.5 1 5 Q 5 C* CD CD N e* N 127, 607 44, 392 14, 401 11,422 1,859 8, 609 14, 356 1, 873 1, 658 185 30 Total in all insti¬ tutions a QO GO ** 136, 399 49, 632 14, 895 12, 515 2, 424 11,455 17, 168 1, 930 1,658 185 87 Student enrollment (regular session) 1 In institutions submitting report Grad¬ uate a r» «T e* w 177, 362 21, 896 9,220 12, 089 1,723 1,485 e* 438 15 Under¬ graduate and special o 1,879,083 887, 943 484, 227 171, 537 80, 799 21, 552 37, 033 195, 992 « e* 16, 330 836 107 Total Percent* - 91.4 96.1 89.0 95.2 88.8 78.6 55.9 84.8 s 100.0 100.0 8.7 Number QO QO 1© QO N O N 1, 065, 305 506, 123 180, 757 92, 888 23, 275 38, 518 195, 992 CD r* 16, 768 851 107 In all institutions Grad¬ uate e* 180, 974 24, 117 11,306 11, 624 2,787 2,519 S§ 438 15 Under¬ graduate and special CD 2,068,557 927,743 544, 851 178, 535 93, 025 26, 812 66,416 231, 175 18, 390 16, 330 836 1,224 Total 2, 301, 884 1, 108, 717 568, 968 189, 841 104, 649 29, 599 68, 935 231, 175 18,843 16, 768 851 1, 224 Institutions of higher education Percent report¬ ing QO 96.1 87.4 92.2 80.4 74.6 57.0 76.9 85.7 100.0 100.0 60.0 Number of insti¬ tutions sub¬ mitting report e* 1, 509 124 601 189 41 88 77 389 CD NMH Total 1 N 1,832 05 OO oo CO oo © 10 52 S? CS CO cs Type of institution Continental United States _ Universities . Liberal arts colleges. . . . . Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges . . Technological schools . Theological schools . Other. . Junior colleges . . Outlying parts of the United States... . . . Universities . Liberal arts colleges . . Junior colleges . . g S3 ■O w o Table 2. — Book stock of libraries in institutions of higher education , by type of institution: 1951-52 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Book stock at end of year Number of volumes at end of year per student 3 57.0 64.1 60.3 44.8 39.8 158.6 33.5 21.9 27.2 23.6 87.8 116.9 Number of volumes at end of year 119, 794, 340 68, 235, 565 30, 494, 753 8, 097, 079 3, 694, 185 3, 691, 337 1, 289, 169 4, 292, 252 482,759 395, 519 74, 736 12, 504 Student enroll¬ ment of institu¬ tions reporting (regular session) e> 2, 102, 858 1, 065, 305 506, 123 180, 757 92, 888 23, 275 38, 518 195, 992 17,726 16, 768 851 107 Number of institu¬ tions reporting a© o ‘O ^ C5HOONO) CM© GO ^ GO GO I CO CM CO eH Book stock added during year Number of volumes added per student - CD CO 2. 47 2. 62 2. 12 1.99 5. 67 1. 52 1. 28 1.41 1. 18 5.31 5. 98 Number of volumes added By other means CD 1, 095,069 505, 411 358, 347 59, 323 55, 379 45, 353 15, 860 55, 396 5,080 4, 776 242 62 By pur¬ chase CD ** CO N 967, 904 772, 955 286, 503 73, 917 68, 944 35,891 166, 499 17,371 14, 984 1,809 578 Total - cm CD r** N 2, 622, 746 1, 304, 377 381, 655 182, 973 128, 588 57, 114 250, 009 £ Oi CM 19, 760 4, 523 640 Student enroll- institu¬ tions reporting (regular session) CO 2,087,699 1, 061, 885 498, 570 180, 135 91, 983 22, 689 37, 607 194, 830 17, 726 16, 768 851 107 Number of institu¬ tions reporting N 1,485 CO CO CM 05 GO ^ 00 GO r-i kO r-< CO CO CM CO H Type of institution - Continental United States. .. . . Universities. . . . Liberal arts colleges. . . . . Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges . . . . . . . Technological schools . . . Theological schools . . . Other. . . . . . . Junior colleges . . Outlying parts of the United States . Universities . . . . . Liberal arts colleges. . . . . . Junior colleges . . . T3 ® g-d X! CO oc Number of insti¬ tutions reporting 1,09? || S&88|>| us O* CO Volumes lent Number 161,701 124, 403 15, 758 3,318 12, 065 3, 358 1,704 1, 165 co o esT 2,661 15 Number of insti¬ tutions reporting e* C© a> iowqo»o — < o o co *3 co < CO »-H Type of institution - Continental United States _ Universities . Liberal arts colleges . Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges. . Technological schools . Theological schools . Other.. . Junior colleges . Outlying parts of the United States _ Universities _ _ _ _ cr § *3 o -2 cJ *3 1 ) 3 o o o q 3 . 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 11. — Number and distribution of reference questions answered, and bibliographies compiled in libraries in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 Reference questions answered Bibliographies Total General questions Search questions compiled Type of institution Number of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Number Number of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Number Number of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Num¬ ber Number of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Num¬ ber 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States- . . 654 >2,884,424 605 2, 151,823 570 497, 177 495 8,803 Universities . 65 833,273 54 577, 180 54 98, 230 47 1, 346 Liberal arts colleges _ ... 274 927, 093 255 758, 206 247 152, 303 214 3, 183 Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges . 70 313, 212 67 243, 942 64 65,406 71 1, 193 Technological schools _ 20 128,444 17 88, 298 17 13,012 15 247 Theological schools . 32 121, 471 30 96, 577 27 24, 394 15 221 Other. . 31 79, 940 27 47, 515 20 6, 028 20 301 Junior colleges . 162 480, 991 155 340, 105 141 137,804 113 2,312 Outlying parts of the United States. . 4 17,259 4 15,276 4 1,983 4 32 Universities . 2 9,219 2 8,696 2 523 1 17 Liberal arts colleges . 1 6, 000 1 4, 800 1,780 1 1,200 2 5 Junior colleges . . 1 2, 040 1 1 260 1 10 1 Includes 236,424 undistributed. Table 12. — Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of hours open per week for library book circulation, by type of institution: 1951-52 Type of institution Number of insti¬ tutions reporting Number of hours open per week for library book circulation (regular session) Less than 30 30-39 40-49 50-59 70-79 80 or more 1 2 Continental United States 1, Universities . Liberal arts colleges . . . . Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges . Technological schools... . Theological schools . . Other . . Junior colleges . Outlying parts of the United States - Universities . Liberal arts colleges. Junior colleges - 3 436 122 593 174 40 80 60 367 6 2 3 1 4 46 ii" 3 *6 6 21 5 6 7 8 9 62 252 294 4 5 1 6 46 37 24 3 13 27 148 3 120 60 6 16 4 85 360 20 197 54 18 18 9 44 270 46 154 21 10 22 4 13 152 53 69 7 3 5 4 11 1 1 Table 13. — Library personnel and student library assistants in institutions of higher education , by type of institution: 1951-52 LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 45 Student library assistants Total num¬ ber of hours paid for from library budget CO O o o CD 2, 935, 854 1, 994, 947 688, 227 124, 842 9, 072 26, 385 224, 728 76, 026 69,388 6, 638 Total num¬ ber em¬ ployed on hourly basis e* i 5,982 7, 171 2,420 389 539 135 1, 330 r- 160 17 Number of institutions reporting 2 § §4 co 2B t? S 1 *0 *-H 04 04 04 Library personnel Clerical and others Part- time O 1,041 ON NOOOOO O WHOCSO I ! Full¬ time e* HM COrH(NCOCD 'Tf O os ^ CO to O w r* eo S 2 O u- CO CO O I US CO 04 Full¬ time r- « OS OS CO i“ ‘ © Is- eo 04 fH Professional Part- time CO 718 OS CO 1-4 04 CO ^ CO 00 Tt« lOHONCO 1-tN 1—1 1 i Full¬ time US s cd“ OS N* CO 00 00 u- o ^ O CM ^ (M CO CO CON CONHHTf co *-T w 37 5 1 Total Part- time eo w CO O CO OS OS iO 04 os N- 04 Full¬ time - 11,210 6, 514 2, 459 781 462 191 210 593 CO lO co OJ CO 1 Number of institutions reporting N 60S ‘I Tf r-4 O iH 00 N Oi WO GO ^ 00 N- GO H CD i-H CO CD C4COH Type of institution - Continental United States - Universities . Liberal arts colleges . . Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges . . Technological schools . . . Theological schools . Other . . Junior colleges . Outlying parts of the United States _ _ _ Universities . Liberal arts colleges . 0 > i ) 5 1 i 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 14. — Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by size of full-time library staff, by type of institution: 1951-52 Type of institution Number of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Full-time library staff 2-3 4-10 11-20 21-50 51-75 76-100 101-150 151 or more 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 Continental United States _ Universities _ Liberal arts colleges _ _ Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges _ Technological schools - Theological schools _ Other... _ _ Junior colleges . . . Outlying parts of the United States - Universities . . Liberal arts colleges . . . Junior colleges _ 1, 396 124 430 584 187 41 71 64 325 6 2 3 1 133 31 2 31 24 209 1 450 1 234 71 10 26 22 86 334 13 180 76 12 12 15 26 2 1 83 55 10 23 22 1 6 6 8 7 8 7 Table 15. — Library employees with faculty status in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 Type of institution Number of insti¬ tutions reporting Library i Total employees Profes¬ sional with facull Subpro¬ fessional ;y status Clerical and others 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States _ 946 3, 703 3, 208 234 261 Universities . . . . . . . . 93 1,676 1, 302 183 191 Liberal arts colleges . . . . . 408 1, 100 1, 039 30 31 Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges.. - - - 117 385 368 8 9 Technological schools - - 29 120 102 2 16 Theological schools _ 50 70 63 5 2 Other _ 24 29 27 2 Junior colleges - - 225 323 307 6 10 Outlying parts of the United States 6 12 12 Universities _ 2 6 6 Liberal arts enlleges . . __ 3 5 5 Junior colleges . . _ 1 1 1 Table 16. — Library expenditures in institutions of higher education, by type of institution: 1951-52 LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 47 Capital outlay eo US GO © w 1, 151, 545 7, 496, 105 3, 783, 047 16, 972 264, 288 293, 593 1, 124, 307 • Operat¬ ing ex¬ pendi¬ tures per student co e-s w © £ 33. 73 26. 36 27. 19 25. 23 39. 59 25. 32 15.41 eo 5 18. 99 54. 76 117. 76 Operating expenditures Other (excluding building mainte¬ nance) © r* w «o- 1, 679, 691 642, 005 157, 894 84, 731 44, 093 54, 185 65, 315 eo us* 13, 088 2, 166 Audio¬ visual materials 10 SOI ‘0 5 3 3 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Table 17. — Number of institutions of higher education , distributed by amount of library operating expenditures , by type of institution: 1951-52 Num¬ ber of Library operating expenditures Type of institution insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Less than $3,000 $3,000- $5,000- $4,999 $9,999 $10,000- $24,999 $25,000- $50,000- $49,999 $99,999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States . . . Universities — . Liberal arts colleges _ Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges _ Technological schools _ Theological schools _ Other . . Junior colleges . Outlying parts of the United States _ Universities... _ _ Liberal arts colleges _ Junior colleges . . . . 1,482 151 164 338 124 594 31 143 410 1 218 188 41 86 71 378 9 4 1 . 20 7 11 12 79 104 25 3 31 20 116 75 11 22 19 64 55 8 4 6 9 17 9 2 2 6 6 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 . . $100,000- $299,999 $300,000 or more 9 10 77 52 12 35 35 3 9 1 2 2 Table 18. — Number of institutions of higher education offering formal instruction in the use of the library , by type of institution: 1951-52 Institutions offering instruction in the use of the library Type of institution Num¬ ber of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Sepa¬ rate library course Part of other subject courses Part of fresh¬ man orien¬ tation pro¬ gram Separate library course and part of other subject courses Separate library course and part of fresh¬ man orienta¬ tion program Part of subject courses and fresh¬ man orienta¬ tion program Separate course, part of subject courses, and fresh¬ man orienta¬ tion program • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States. . . 1 355 94 293 274 71 88 408 127 Universities . . 107 8 30 24 5 6 23 11 Liberal arts colleges . . 552 33 104 112 17 29 203 54 Independent professional schools: Teachers colleges _ 165 18 36 35 5 12 37 22 Technological schools - 36 2 10 2 1 1 18 2 Theological schools 79 7 13 38 9 9 3 Other . . 50 8 10 11 2 7 8 4 Junior colleges - 366 18 90 52 41 24 110 31 Outlying parts of the United States . 6 3 2 1 Universities 2 1 1 Liberal arts colleges 3 2 1 Junior colleges. _ _ 1 3 Table 19. — Book stock, book circulation, student enrollment ( regular session), library staff, and expenditures of libraries In institutions of higher education, by region and by State: 1951-52 LIBRARIES •3 t>> £2 « 0,53 o3 3 O <=> [N I 00 NSTI 8- ff €»• TU § O CO CO TIONS OF HI» r} 709 »OtN»COOO^|^l>.COC^ ONTfrt0«0000 co»-r»-r©coof*-rofco rH W CO CO 03 O CD (N ri r-H CM 1, 429, 375 335, 158 129, 727 77, 496 66, 694 202, 324 92, 010 123, 402 44, 686 13, 465 219, 709 14, 449 110, 255 1, 364, 188 71, 155 35,207 14, 507 109, 708 State, by region - Continental United States. Northeast . . Connecticut . Maine . Massachusetts _ New Hampshire.. New Jersey _ New York _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ Vermont . North Central... Illinois . Indiana . . Iowa . . Kansas... . Michigan _ Minnesota . Missouri . Nebraska.. . North Dakota _ Ohio . South Dakota _ Wisconsin . South . Alabama . Arkansas . Delaware . Florida . Table 19. — Book stock , book circulation , student enrollment ( regular session ), library staff, and expenditures of libraries in institutions of higher education, by region and by State: 1951-52— Continued 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Capital outlay 0© 241, 285 14, 828 25, 156 728, 035 11, 158 858, 966 508, 030 179, 700 3, 504 1, 009, 493 10, 197 165, 302 22, 475 1,673,800 67 1, 640, 589 4, 362 669 554 308 11,260 2, 826 13, 165 Operating expenditures Other (exclud¬ ing building mainte¬ nance) r* 24, 597 27, 537 37, 562 28, 966 11, 842 69, 531 29, 227 16, 577 41, 384 103, 562 45, 406 18, 758 25. 182 CM cc CM O »o a. ®NmrH05®o)©*ooo o7 ® «o r-T OH^MCCDrH(Nt0^ CT> OOONOIN^OOOOCOCOO co^kooi‘orkoeoco*‘T^ododco od N^OOCOrHCO(NCO»0(NOO(N CM CM CM © rc 17, 339 178, 050 20, 247 17, 978 16, 815 10, 926 60, 487 42, 649 65, 860 6,666 CM CM 2,000 300 10, 487 9, 684 Books c© 233, 898 149, 499 228, 296 154, 886 110, 037 287, 231 165, 541 1C8, 181 254, 167 620, 089 189, 233 89, 138 137, 531 o CO cm" 33, 426 1, 624, 746 185, 396 30, 290 31, 134 9, 376 85, 612 147, 769 81,317 197, 097 17, 007 CM C© co" 10, 200 2,000 25, 953 28, 468 Salaries Student service N 63, 618 48, 035 81, 243 41, 556 32, 074 144, 706 73. 857 38, 094 95, 301 327, 369 62, 251 50, 833 50, 633 CM CO Oi ooon»oooco»ot}oo) »CCCCOMiOHHH050N O05N05^05N^iOC000 Oa co" CO rH Oa rt<" 00 CO *o" lO rHt^OOCMrH C0t^05l0 CO rH 27, 468 CO 1 O o 1 oa 1 CM CC H | OIO Library staff 500, 531 388, 088 574, 146 472, 470 244, 537 894, 171 313, 998 252, 191 494, 708 1, 286, 146 722, 638 255, 732 413, 753 896 ‘618 ‘9 87, 404 3, 597, 092 414, 210 112, 098 116, 426 24, 885 148, 734 461, 859 178, 712 626. 322 52, 226 0© oa ® CO N CM 10, 450 10, 000 105, 892 96, 756 Total ® 931, 079 705, 151 1, 057, 824 807, 586 441, 485 1, 706, 367 636, 854 472, 506 989, 600 2, 702, 954 1, 162, 292 471, 598 676, 581 © 00 05 o" 177, 211 6, 761, 398 761, 196 205, 658 200, 319 40, 775 328, 615 836, 427 441. 504 1, 130, 768 87, 936 ® co 29,414 12, 600 172, 721 162, 969 Library staff Part- time c* CDOCD 0>| r-H CO CM rH rH CM rH CM ^ 1 o CO O CO CO CM ' CO CO rH l oa CM « ' Is- Full¬ time 00 rHOiCDOOiOiO^^OiOiOCO rH 1 r_trHrH_ CO HH^CM rH o 00 OOOCOCONNOSOOiO CM L- CM CO CO ^COCDhh O rH rH CM e© h CM CO N CO CO Student enroll¬ ment (regular session) * Grad¬ uate ©• rH CM CO OO T-H CM CM CM CO CO oa Tji 1 OJ^NOCOHtOHCCNOOH iO rtNOHHCONOCMoOCiCM h r-T rH" CM" CO rH cm" rH tH CO CO r-T 05 CM CO 515 18, 671 3, 225 236 432 67 1, 233 1,508 1, 587 3, 510 275 co ic CO j CM 00 i Under¬ grad¬ uate and special CO 30, 075 23, 663 32, 321 30, 176 16, 936 39, 260 26, 316 16. 937 31, 321 107, 865 29, 282 14, 999 28, 782 303,157 7,018 171, 274 26, 512 6, 563 6, 116 1,291 8, 251 22, 781 18, 720 31, 146 3, 485 1 CO CM 298 107 4, 687 12, 181 Book circulation Reserved books M5 411, 505 242, 318 231, 641 185, 727 186, 168 898, 295 274, 093 191, 984 660, 457 1, 598, 336 316, 841 236, 240 175, 776 CO CO iC 130, 859 2, 439, 985 771, 560 55, 235 63, 908 11, 302 81,116 393, 666 201, 051 380, 954 1, 739 291, 140 1,232 84, 014 205, 894 Home use h* 452, 663 498, 770 436, 491 376, 783 335, 254 1, 049, 097 839, 958 393, 315 782, 050 1, 542, 494 687, 924 190, 211 263, 307 *o 104, 245 3,411,647 473, 939 84, 714 158, 642 18, 997 181, 157 379, 724 273, 032 582, 916 42, 688 e© eM oa CO 5, 030 12, 504 224, 573 82, 816 Book stock Number of vol¬ umes at end of year e© 1, 478, 274 1, 565, 214 1, 478, 862 1, 863, 797 808, 367 3, 175, 716 1, 179, 003 1, 052, 331 1,906, 176 4, 606, 400 2, 666, 838 677, 369 1, 572, 224 15, 751,022 320, 424 8. 088, 963 1. 771, 485 289, 180 533, 948 96, 308 458, 755 1, 302, 257 684, 199 2, 030, 985 174, 518 oa r» s 32, 247 12, 504 227, 861 210, 147 Number of vol¬ umes added during year N ‘OTfCMCMOiCOQiOCCMOO‘0 CM II Oi ^ CO o oa *0 CO CO CM CO CM II CMhCO^OhOOONi-i-^h 05 © co id* r-T cm" tC co © »o co oa" NNCDOO-^COIO^OONHCO 'sf rH CM rH 843, 956 T* co a* co ^ cm cocoes *-h »-h oo »-h cvj t-h co o oooo ao Student enroll¬ ment (regular session) 2 Grad¬ uate oo 784 764 368 1,113 515 2,614 4,064 3, 429 3,550 Under¬ grad¬ uate and special r* 6,614 5,643 5, 220 3,997 7, 887 13, 637 5,500 7, 573 6, 458 12, 072 11,524 8, 455 Total number of hours open per week for circu¬ lation (regular session)1 CO 78 81 82 84 62 62 OO »0 T}l OO OOOO OO Book circula¬ tion Re¬ served books to 46, 748 116, 843 116, 776 97, 552 56, 928 128, 229 360, 241 393, 186 430,660 247,271 Home use ** 64, 353 105, 295 52, 885 82, 251 44,674 77, 532 144, 908 404, 546 537, 993 353, 555 174, 155 Book stock Number of vol¬ umes at end of year « 171, 782 411,695 237,075 295,074 48, 249 79, 535 16, 747 137,611 1,171,695 l, 812, 686 859, 570 644, 083 Number of vol¬ umes added during year 10, 739 31, 671 9,257 14, 784 2,608 6, 5G4 2, 311 10, 539 44, 755 79, 599 70, 916 38,087 Name of institution and location - Alabama Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn _ _ _ University of Alabama, University . Arizona University of Arizona, Tucson . Arkansas University of Arkansas, Fayette¬ ville . California Long Beach City College, Long Beach _ _ Los Angeles City College, Los Angeles _ _ _ Los Angeles Trade-Technical Jun¬ ior College. Los Angeles _ 8an Jose State College, San Jose... Stanford University, Stanford . University of California: Berkeley campus . Los Angeles campus. . . . University of Southern California, Los Angeles . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Table 20. — Book stock, book circulation, number of hours open per week for circulation ( regular session ), student enrollment ( regular session), library staff, and operating expenditures of libraries in institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 5,000 students or more: 1951-52 — Con. 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 Operating expenditures Other (exclud¬ ing build¬ ing mainte¬ nance) ao $9, 925 4, 643 2,500 6,173 18, 578 9, 484 3,780 1,142 2,993 2, 000 5, 331 28, 981 43,345 46, 711 Audio¬ visual mate¬ rials '• •• III 1 00 1 00 III • • •> iii i lO W ICO III || 11 lit i 00 i O iii •1 » I III 1 ^ 1 ^ 1 1 1 • • ' ' III 1 CO 1 l—l 1 1 • II II III 1 1 III Bind¬ ing CD is §1 P \U 1 il Is ;2 i ■ O t^oT CD . 00 00 r-Tf-T COt^ If-T ! w ~ : Period¬ icals : : 8 : S :g S gg 83 :S : C 1 l~ in 3 H® o »o i OO i i-T i » ioo* i-T 5000 !o ! ; ; ^ N ;» : Books 2 $67, 384 * 49, 638 41,500 4 221, 431 149, 430 *138,531 51, 531 74,528 9,091 32, 540 7, 000 35, 463 3 174, 451 9 116, 667 3 378, 007 Salaries Student service ec $35, 212 13,279 7,000 2,431 11, 733 53, 331 21,019 12, 181 5,306 14, 714 3,700 4, 572 49, 634 3266.633 100,636 Library staff w $107, 779 136, 809 63,000 467,046 163, 690 266, 948 164,025 112, 163 44,700 44, 358 41,800 46,390 279,484 7 216, 737 794,039 Total ^4 $220,300 214, 430 123,000 730,353 356, 539 477, 388 272, 629 232, 987 65, 827 102, 416 63, 500 108, 899 532, 550 715, 434 1,319,393 Library staff Part- time 2 HIO it- » CO CO ^ • i 1 > "Ha PP a> © o£ £ > > > « a fe PP O o gfia g SStH x: © o -e ;sg °wcf ips bo bfl 3 2 o <3 2 ^ o 0 ' o qS p£ la .0,0 °j5 §>3 ■2 ^ Si o o >»>» > c a PP LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 53 18,000 16,016 11,690 9,031 20,804 s i to \ 12, 743 4,344 11, 457 10, 755 6, 511 10, 724 8,057 204, 808 36,390 728 35, 710 18, 144 jl | il il ! i | ; I is- ! -T 5S 8 § g 11 ss S § i s i ii 2 §2 a sf -g s- s' ; s a g i a^‘ s' 18 1 1 s §§ si 1 i 5 i i i il 1 sa s £ £5 sa sa s ; «“ »' i : *•* 8 8S s 2 § 18 il 1 i S 1 ns ; mi SS § g g as « g ; s' s' ! **§g il 8 1 5 II li 1 i I i I8i i nil » 2f S S s$r S® 2 00' t~ »'8'S i S»RSf ll 1 1 s ii 21 1 t- 05 « s 111 i mg if s s' a ** gc S 1-' V : a a s'2'l i 5's'g'g is i S I SI l§ s 5 si ill : ills ii § § 1 5 S’ IS g a ft i *8 I‘ i gKft r-T ! CS C* i ~ g CS CS 1 CO 1 O C* i • co 05 r- i o • o o i i CO i-H i lO ' CO 1 • cs o i f-H i co * • ' • i • iii Books 9 131,696 28, 842 3 140,389 54, 621 3 85, 671 3 113,200 39, 475 17, 702 29, 083 4 226,805 10, 001 3 194,940 44, 100 17, 369 4 88, 206 Salaries Student service e* 77, 220 16, 391 22, 740 27, 335 25, 050 2, 233 30, 922 28, 423 11,594 41,211 22, 940 32, 451 Library staff w 528, 961 89, 687 161,875 147, 396 176, 159 237, 980 37, 755 125, 262 259, 666 ‘2767,863 117, 413 431, 150 80, 452 101, 513 365, 558 Total 867, 657 179, 563 347, 746 245, 322 289, 165 383,840 84, 138 196, 368 361, 031 1. 101, 968 149, 952 715, 833 166, 342 162, 988 490, 559 Library staff Part- time o > i ■ i i i ' 0 i 32 3“ S' d ©o' ii isi! s 1 | 11 i i IS §1 2 1 II CO or g§ r ofeo' ; ; ss' gg «' sf i-TocT *o suss i i 1 s II 3 ii i si SI 1 1 i 1 Si 8? CO s' S £s J is » 2 ! i 3 8'2 i § is l 1 f ! II S is i Is 11 1 E 1 §1 « a is' s' ■- § a'"5 s' is r o o sd s * r o' t^oT sills i I I 5 i ii § ii ; II 85 1 1 i § 2§ s's's's'g N 53 ! s 1 g* g is r |'s' SjS | | § s?£ 38SSS3 1 ssi i si i ii S3 Is 1 1 i g| rnii «o SS§ § gg §' Ii §1 § 1 i gsf i d r ,-f 918 307 668 1 m § si § ii gl 11 8 f §1 00 NUJ H* tCtC on cf JO r-“ ©w 28 8 ISo 3 2S 2 ; 8 83 888 8 $ 3 SS S iSSI 1 s ii 1 II i I ss si 1 f I ii is'3'8 IHNH S? - if g ss s' s' 2<§ g's s' N s's 5S881 I 1 il § Is % 1 Is el 3 i 1 ii 2'2'S'S i a is a gs s' S' S| IS S s' 88 82' lilll i sll 3 SI S is ss Si § 1 1 il *SggS i »is t m § IS 2 s IS g i -f 1 §s Islll I S3 is 1 IS 3 ii 11 IS 1 8 1 IS “'2'3'S' s' - :d 3 d- 2 id I 28 22 2 Sf JO mV See footnotes at end of table. Table 20. — Book stock , book circulation , number of hours open per week for circulation ( regular session ), student enrollment ( regular session ), library staff , and operating expenditures of libraries in institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 5,000 students or more: 1951-52 — Con. 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 5o£ 3 © S ® W £ OT »,,2©©S©Pi© §3 ® 3*> 3*i 3 ^ 21^111211 2 = .a *■§ . & g-o 23 2 > u 13 }{S. . *3 Ti **3*3-3 S S-°"S.2 0 * a mm © o £> S>2OT © -SjSgj mO S - «• o § §§ § 'S'3'3'3 m S a o o o o,© a5 ~ v. x; s- o S'2 © © © © o 3 c. no. 0.0,3 sj K K> M CO CO CO m O Q) O O Ci Motion pictures CTitlee *) Sound record¬ ings • Other 1. Number at beginning of year— 2. Number added during year... E Hy pim>hnfU> By other 5. Number withdrawn from reo- ords.. ... _ 6. Total at end of year - 7. Newspapers currently received — Number of titles, excluding duplicates: (а) By subscription . . . (б) By other means . (e) Total number of newspapers currently received . . 8. Periodicals4 (exclusive of newspapers) currently received — Number of titles, excluding duplicates: (a) By subscription . . (b) By other means . ■ . . . . . . (e) Total number of periodicals currently received . . 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 ONS Regular session Summer CIRCULATION Number of volumes lent should include pamphlets and periodicals as well as books, counting one for each lending by the library. Renewal of a book under library rules should also be counted as a loan. If it is found necessary to depart from these rules this fact should be reported. If record is kept of audio-visual aids (photographs, maps, slides, films, etc.), please report these statistics on a separate sheet. Check here □ if audio-visual aids are included below in number of volumes lent. 9. Number of volumes lent for home use from central library and all its agencies (excluding overnight loans and loans of reserved books) : (o) To faculty . (b) To students . . . (c) To others . (d) Total number of volumes lent for home use . 10. Number of reserved books lent from central library and all its agencies: (а) For. use in building . (б) For overnight and other use outside building i . . (e) Total number of reserved books lent . 11. Average number of volumes on reserved shelves: (а) Average number on closed shelves . . (б) Average' number on open shelves . . . INTERLIBRARY TRANSACT! 12. Number of interlibrarv loans: * (а) Volumes borrowed from other libraries (б) Volumes lent to other libraries . . . 13. Number of photostats: (а) Made for other libraries . (б) Obtained from other libraries .... 14. Number of microfilms: • (a) Made for other libraries . (6) Obtained from other libraries .... REFERENCE 15. Number of reference questions answered at central library and all its agencies (а) General questions * (check here □ if estimated; check here G if based on records) (б) Search questions ’ (check here □ if estimated; check here □ if based on records) (c) Total number of reference questions answered . (d) Criteria used in determining a “search” question: Time in minutes _ _ other criteria 16. Number of bibliographies • compiled at central library and all its agencies HOURS OF SERVICE 17. ' Total number of hours open per week (central library): (а) For circulation: Regular session . . . Summer session . . . . Vacation . . . . (б) For reading and study only: Regular session . . Summer session . . 4 . Vacation . . . . FACULTY 18. Number of resident faculty members (officers, teachers, extension workers, etc.): (а) During regular session (fall to spring) on November 1 of year reported . . (б) During summer session (ihcluding those from regular staff and special summer teachers) 19. Entire staff is equivalent to how many persons on full-time basis . . . STUDENTS 20. Number of resident • undergraduate 10 and special u students: (a) During regular session, third week, fall term, of year reported (no person counted twice) (5) During summer session “ . . 21. Number of resident' graduate" students: (a) During regular session, third week, fall term, of year reported (no person counted twice) (6) During summer 1 £ *3 g 8 £ 8 £ 8 g LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 59 PEBSONNEL (Central library and all its agencies) Cl) NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES (Leave blank) Number of employees n-ltb faculty status Chief librarian or director _ _ _ _ _ Associate or assistant chief librarian _ Department heads 11 . - - - - - - - Heads of school, college, or departmental libraries _ Professional assistants u (not included elsewhere) : Catalog department... Circulation department—. Reserved book division.. Order, accession, acquisition departments . . Reference department - Other professional assistants _ _ Total number of professional employees (items 22-31). Subprofessional assistants “ - — - Administrative, clerical, and other assistants: Administrative office assistants 17 - — - — Clerical assistants *» - Total number of administrative, clerical, and other assistants (items 34-36) - - Total number of employees (items 32, 33, and 37) . Student assistants paid on an hourly basis during fiscal year (including regular and summer sessions) : (а) Total number of student assistants. . . . . (б) Total number of hours paid for from library budget . FINANCE Library Expenditures or Central Library and All Its Agencies: 40. Salaries: Library staff . . . 3 - — - - 41. Wages: Student service . . . . * . . . . . . . 42. Books . . 43. Periodicals . .* . . . 44. Binding . . . . . . . . . 45. Audio-visual materials (films, recordings, etc.) - - - - - - 46. Other operating expenditures . . 47. Total operating expenditures (items 40 to 46) . . . . . S _ 48. Building operation and maintenance (if charged against library budget) . . _ _ - . . 49. Capital outlay (sites, new building, equipment, etc.) . . — . 60. Grand total expenditures (items 47 to 49) . . S - - - 6L Total additions during year to endowment earmarked or reserved for library purposes ........ S... _ _ _ 62. Total endowment, trust, and invested funds earmarked or reserved for library purposes (excluding building funds) . ' . . $ - 63. Total expenditures of institution for educational and general purposes " . - - - INSTRUCTION IN USE OF THE LIBRARY (Do not inclnde professional courses in library science) 64. Are students given formal instruction in the use of the library! (a) In a separate library course? . . . . . □ Ye* Q No (1) Total credit in semester hours. ......a...-. . . . . - - — - - (b) As part of other subject courses! . . □ Yes □ No (c) As part of freshman orientation program!. . . . □ Yes □ No (d) Other (specify) : _ _ _ _ _ — . . . . i - — — 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1950-52 STUDIES OF LIBRARY SERVICES 55. Have any unpublished studies of library services been completed In your Institution during the year covered by tills report? . . . . ■ □ Yes □ No if “Yee,” please list titles or topics: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OTHER LIBRARIES 56. Please list other libraries operated by the university, but not administered by the university librarian: Date _ Signature Title _ FOOTNOTES 1. A "votarue" Is any printed, typewritten, mimeographed, or processed work, bound or unbound, which has been cataloged or fully prepared for use. Do not count at ft Volume a single issue of a periodical unless it is cataloged as a separate item. 2. 1/ another unit o/ measurement is used, please indicate. 3. Include in a single count, without distinction, all types of sound recording, counting by bibliographical units. Do not include sound motion pictures. 4. A "periodical" is a publication appearing at regular intervals of less than a year and continuing for an indefinite period. Newspapers ere not considered periodicals onto the rules for cataloging (4. L~A. Catalog Rule*). 5. An "interlibrary loan" is the loan of a book between libraries which are not integral parts of the same system. 6. A "general question" is any question which requires the use of library material in answering, or which involves Interpretation of the use of library tools. Excludes qnaa* tions pertaining to the location of specific books or tools. 7. A "search question" is any question of an Investigatory or research nature and is of greater complexity than a "general question." ft. Bibliographies (including reading lists) of sufficient value to be typed and preserved. 0. Resident student.— A student attending classes or lectures conducted by the regular colleges and schools on the campus. A resident student may be either a boarding stu¬ dent (living in a college ball) or a day student (having lodgings ofl the campus). 10. Undergraduate student.— An undergraduate student is a person taking college level work which Is wholly or principally (a) acceptable toward the bachelor's or first pro fessional degree or (ft) of a terminal-occupational type. 11. Special studont.— A student taking collegiato work, but not enrolled tor a degree or diploma. 12. If there are two summer sessions, give figures for each session. 13. Graduate student.— A graduate student is a person taking college level work which Is wholly or principally beyond the level of the first professional or the bachelor's degree, and acceptable by the institution in partial fulfillment of its requirements for an advanced degree. 14. A "department head" is a member of the professional staff directly responsible to the chief librarian or director, associate or assistant chief librarian, and In charee of a major di vision of the library organization which has its own staff and definite responsibilities. (An associate or assistant chief librarian serving as a department head should not be included here.) 15. A "professional assistant" Is a member of the professional staff performing work of a professional grade which requires training and skill In the theoretical or scientific parts of library work as distinct from its merely mechanical parts and includes all the professional staff exoept the following: chief librarian or director; associate or assistant chief librarian; department beads; division heads; and heads of school, college, departmental, and laboratory school libraries. 16. A "subprofessional assistant" is a person who performs, under the immediate supervision of professional staff members, work largely concerned with the higher routine processes which are peculiar to library work and which require some knowledge of library procedure. Exclude student assistants paid on an hourly basis; these should be included tinder item 39. 17. An "administrative office assistant" is a person, such as a business manager or secretary to the chief librarian or director, who performs work of a highly specialized nature, but not requiring knowledge of the theoretical or scientific aspects of library work. 18. A "clerical assistant" Is a person, such as a typist, etc., who performs, under immediate supervision, processes which may require experience, speed, accuracy, and clerical ability of a high order, but do not require knowledge of the theoretical or scientific aspects of library work. Exclude student assistants paid on an hourly basis; these should bo included under item 39. 19. The item "other" usually includes those devoting either full or part time to the most ample clerical or manual tasks which Involve no responsibility or independent lodg¬ ment, such as the work performed by pages, sbelvers, and beginning workers. Exoiude student assistants paid on an hourly basis; these should be included under item 39. 20. Total expe ndlturesof Institution for educational and general purposes include expenditures for administration, resident Instruction, organized research, extension, libraries, plant operation and maintenance, and related activities. o